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EX LIBRIS
William Healey Dall
Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
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OWrieicn of
Reeve Stetina in
_
CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA:
OR,
PA US ReACTLON:S
OF THE
SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS.
VOLT:
CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA
MUREX MANGELIA MONOCEROS
CYPRAIA PURPURA BULLIA
HALIOTIS RICINULA BUCCINUM
BY
LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.LS., F.ZS.
AUTHOR OF ‘CONCHOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA’, ‘ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY’, &c.
“What thanks sufficient, or what recompense
Equal, have I to render thee, divine
Historian, who thus vouchsafed
This friendly condescension to relate
Things else by me unsearchable ; now heard
With wonder and delight.”—Ji/ton.
LONDON:
REEVE, BROTHERS, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.
1845.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
MURE X.
“For Nature here
Wanton’d as in her prime, and play’d at will
Her virgin fancies, wild above rule or art.”— Mi/ton.
a
4
c
Murex, PLL.
Reeve Brothers cupro-lth
Sowerby del et sculp
MUREX.
Prats I.
Genus Murex, Linneus.
Testa ovata vel oblonga, sepissime pyriformis, aut plus mi-
nusve fusiformis, spird subangulato-turritd ; anfractibus
leviter ventricosis, varicosis, varicibus tribus aut pluri-
bus, frondibus ramosis vel foliatis vel spinosis ornatis ;
columellé levi, arcuatd, in canalem nunc brevissimum
recurvum, nunc longissimum tubulosum desinente ; aper-
turd suborbiculari, labro externo plerumque denticulato
aut crenato, dente unico prominulo erecto infra medium
interdum armato. Operculum corneum.
Shell ovate or oblong, generally pyriform, or more or less
fusiform, spire somewhat angularly turreted ; whorls
slightly ventricose, varicose, varices three or more in
number, ornamented with branched, foliated, or spl-
nose fronds; columella smooth, arched, ending in a
canal which is sometimes very short and recurved,
sometimes very long and tubulous; aperture nearly
orbicular, outer lip generally denticulated or crenated,
and sometimes armed beneath the middle with an
erect prominent tooth. Operculum horny.
The genus Murex, as at present constituted, contains but
a very limited number of the species referred to it by its
founder. After having been liberally dismembered by Bru-
guitre and Lamarck for the formation of the genera Ceri-
thium, Turbinella, Cancellaria, Fasciolaria, Fusus, Pleuro-
toma and Pyrula, there yet remained a considerable por-
tion that were characterized by their different varieties of
varicose growth; and of these Lamarck established the
genera Ranella, Triton and Murex. The first for the re-
ception of the species in which exactly two varices are de-
posited on a whorl, the second for those having a smaller
number, and the third for such as have a larger number.
The genus therefore under consideration includes all the
varicose Canaliferous Gastropods which deposit a marginal
varix at three or more intervals during every volution of
increase round their columellar axis. As, in all arbitrary
varieties of classification, however, there is great difficulty
in determining the limit of the genus. The Murex, with
numerous light and immaturely formed varices, is scarcely
to be generically distinguished from the Fusus with its
successive layers or ridges. The Murices Magellanicus,
salebrosus and Belcheri are of this anomalous character ;
although, I consider the last-mentioned species, described
by Mr. Hinds in the ‘ Zoology of the Sulphur,’ to present
many more characters in common with those of Pyruda than
of Murex, and do not hesitate to refer it to that genus.
The Murices are greatly distinguished by the ornamental
and varied structure of the varices; and when it is consi-
dered what an impediment the numerous spines and
frondose ramifications must offer to their revolving process
of growth, it becomes interesting to notice in what manner
this emergency is provided for. The animal inhabitant has
the power of removing these obstacles to its growth by the
use of a powerful solvent. In the Murew cornutus, for ex-
ample, may be commonly observed, on the left of the upper
portion of the columella, the remains of a spine which has
been abraded and removed at its base to make way for the
approaching deposit of the increasing whorl.
The genus Murer has been so recently illustrated by
Mr. Sowerby in his ‘ Conchological Mlustrations,’ and by
M. Kiener in his ‘Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes,’
that I have not many new species to be added; there are,
however, some important errors to be emended in the works
of both authors.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Emarainatus. Mur. testd ovati, spird brevius-
culd, acuminata, suturis rudis, undatis ; anfractibus
senis, superne angulatis, leviusculis, inter varices con-
spicue tuberculatis, transversim obsolete costatis ; tri-
Suriam varicosd, varicibus obtuso-fimbriatis, solidius-
culis ; albidd, ferrugineo-fuscescente tinctd ; labro ex-
terno dente unico parvo, planulato, antice armato ;
canali brevi, clauso, oblique recurvo.
THE EMARGINATED Murex. Shell ovate, spire rather
short, acuminated, sutures rude, waved; whorls six
in number, angulated at the upper part, rather smooth,
conspicuously tuberculated between the varices, trans-
versely obsoletely ribbed; three-varicose, varices ob-
tusely fimbriated, rather solid; whitish, stained with
pale rusty brown; outer lip armed anteriorly with a
single small flattened tooth ; canal short, closed, ob-
liquely recurved.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc.,1840; Conch. Ilus. f.98 and 100.
Hab. ——?
The entire surface of this shell has the appearance of
being very minutely indented. The oblique turn of the
canal is characteristic, and so also is the prominent de-
velopement of the tubercles between the varices.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex tacinratus. Mur. testé oblongo-ovatd, subfusi-
Sormi, basem versus contractd, spird mediocri, suturis
subimpressis ; anfraetibus senis, inter varices bituber-
culatis, transversim liratis, liris parvis, subscabrosis,
distantibus, tribus basalibus fortioribus ; trifariam vari-
cosd, varicibus ereberrimé crispifoliatis, fasias basem
versus frondiformibus, subspinosis ; rosaceo-fuscescente,
April 1845,
MUREX.—Ptate I.
varicibus castaneo-maculatis, columella apice canalique
purpureo-roseis ; aperturd rotundd, labro externo cre-
nulato.
Tue LACINIATED Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat
fusiform, contracted towards the base, spire middling,
with the sutures somewhat impressed ; whorls six in
number, with two tubercles between each varix, trans-
versely ridged, ridges small, somewhat scabrous, dis-
tant, the three basal ridges stronger than the rest ;
three-varicose, varices very closely crisply foliated,
the foliations being frond-like and somewhat spinous
towards the base; pinkish brown, varices spotted
with chesnut brown, columella apex and canal purple
rose; aperture rounded, outer lip erenulated.
Sowrrey, Conchological Illustrations, f. 59.
Badem. Murex scabrosus, Sowerby, Conch. Mus. f.73.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming.
This is a very interesting species; the varices appear to
consist of a number of foliated laminz closely pressed to-
wether, and the ridges which on the body of the shell are
very small, on the varices are developed with peculiar
foree. The three basal ridges are, however, much stronger
throughout than any of the rest. Mr. Sowerby has erro-
neously described a mutilated example of his Murew lacini-
alus for a new species, under the name of Murex scabrosus.
Species 3. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex ramosus. Mur. testd trigono-ovati, ventricosd,
spird breviuseuld; anfractibus senis, tuberculis plurianis
inter varices armatis, transversim obsolete liratis et cre-
berrimé elevato-lineatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
conspicue frondosis, frondibus maximis, curvis, canalicu-
latis, inciso-serratis ; albd, fusco pallidé nebulosd, lineis
transversis elevatis fuscis, columella labrique externi
limbo rosaceis ; canali breviusculo, planulato, recurvo.
Tue BRancuep Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, ven-
tricose, spire rather short; whorls six in number,
armed between the varices with several tubercles,
transversely obsoletely ridged and elevately lineated ;
three-varicose, varices conspicuously frondose, fronds
very large, curved, canaliculated, deeply serrated ;
white, faintly clouded with brown, transverse raised
lines brown, columella and edge of the outer lip rose-
pink; canal rather short, flattened, recurved.
Linnxus, Mus. Ludovic Ulric regine.
Murex inflatus, Lamarck.
Hab. Bastern Seas.
Lamarck distinguished this large and well-known species
by the new title of Murew inflatus, because, judging from
the various references which Linneeus quoted in illustration
of his Mwrew ramosus in the ‘Systema Nature,’ he appeared
to have confounded several species together. This is, how-
ever, without doubt, the shell he had under consideration ;
and the original name should be preserved, especially when
we learn, upon the testimony of M. Deshayes, that in the
‘Mus. Lud. Ulric regine’ the references and synonymy
are correct.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rrraverer. Mur. testd elongato-ovatd, subfusi-
formi, spird turritd ; anfractibus octonis, longitudina-
liter plicatis, transversim liratis, liris angustis, suba-
cutis, basem versus rotundatis, impresso-striatis ; tri-
fariam varicosd, varicibus postice obtuso-rotundatis,
anticd, prope ad canalem, egregie laminato-frondosis ;
albidd, roseo tinct, fusco maculatd et nebulosd ; canalt
brevi.
THE THREE-ANGLED Murex. Shell elongately ovate,
somewhat fusiform, spire turreted; whorls eight in
number, longitudinally plicated, transversely ridged,
ridges narrow, rather sharp, rounded towards the
base, impressly striated ; three-varicose, varices pos-
teriorly obtusely rounded, anteriorly, near the canal,
eminently laminately frondose ; white, tinged with
rose, spotted and clouded with brown; canal short.
Born, Mus. Ces. p. 291. pl. 11. f. 1, 2.
Murex trigonulus, Ene. Méth. ; Kiener.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
The Murices triqueter and trigonulus are figured in the
“Encyclopédie Méthodique’ and in Kiener’s ‘Icon. Coq. viv.”
one for the other, and vice versd.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ANGULARIS. Maur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, spird
parva, acuminata ; an ractibus senis, transversim ele-
vato-striatis, striis leviter scabrosis ; octofariam vari-
cosa, varicibus regulariter obtuso-frondosis, frondibus
erectis, subdistantibus; nigricante-fuscd, apicem versus
pallidiore; canali brevi.
Tur ANGULAR Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
spire small, acuminated, whorls six in number, trans-
versely elevately striated, striz scabrous; eight-vari-
cose, varices regularly obtusely frondose, fronds erect,
somewhat distant; dark brown, paler towards the
apex; canal short.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert.(Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.595.
Hab. Senegal.
In this species the varices are extremely variable, and
when only few in number impart an angular structure to
the shell; in one of the specimens before me, for example,
in which there are only five varices on a whorl, it assumes
the form of a pentagon.
ee
Marea. PUI.
10
Sowerby del et sculp Reeve Brothers cupro-lth
MUREX.
Prats II.
Species 6. (Mus. Taylor.)
MuvReEX BIPINNATUS. Mur. testa elongato-fusiformi, spird
acuminato-turrita ; anfractibus septenis, transversim
eximie liratis, et elevato-striatis, liris striis et inter-
stitits subtilissime scabroso-crenulatis, anfractibus primis
senis tuberculato-nodosis, ultimo trivaricoso, varicibus
ultimis duobus pulcherrime fimbriato-pinnatis ; nived,
rosaceo tinctd, columella pallide rosed ; apertura parva,
labri externi limbo minute denticulato ; canali latius-
culo, subelongato.
THE TWo-winGED Murex. Shell elongately fusiform,
spire acuminately turreted; whorls seven in number,
transversely delicately ridged and elevately striated,
ridges strize and interstices very finely scabrously cre-
nulated, first six whorls tuberculously noduled, last
whorl three-varicose, last two varices very beautifully
fimbyiately winged ; snowy white, tinged with rose,
columella pale rose ; aperture small, edge of the outer
lip minutely denticulated ; canal rather broad, a little
elongated.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
I am much indebted to Mr. Taylor for the loan of this
very interesting shell, and readily adopt a name which
that gentleman kindly suggests, as indicating the pecu-
liarity of there being no appearance of frill structure ex-
cept upon the last two varices. The spire exhibits a mass
of prominent nodules, each whorl taking the form of a
heptagon with as many as seven on its circumference. In
general form the Mwrex bipinnatus approaches the Murex
clavus ; it will, however, be observed on reference to that
species that the detail of structure and sculpture is distinct
throughout.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Monoceros. Mur. testd subtrigono-ovatd, spird
breviusculd, acuta, suturis impressis ; anfractibus senis,
inter varices tuberculato-nodosis, transversim elevato-
striatis, striis scabrosis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
obtuso-rotundatis, nodiferis, postice anticeque laminatis ;
allida, glauco-fuscescente tincté, aperture fauce palli-
dissime purpurascente-rosed ; canali brevi; apertura
ovata, labro intus fortiter tuberculato-dentato, limbo
minute denticulato, denticulo uno aut pluribus conspicue
erectis.
Tue Monoceros-Like Murex. Shell somewhat trian-
gularly ovate, spire rather short, sharp, with the su-
tures impressed; whorls six in number, tubercularly
noduled between the varices, transversely elevately
striated, strie scabrous; three-varicose, varices ob-
tusely rounded, nodiferous, posteriorly and anteriorly
laminated ; whitish, stained with glaucous brown, in-
terior of the aperture very faintly tinged with purple
rose ; canal short ; aperture ovate, lip strongly tuber-
cularly toothed within, edge minutely denticulated, one
or more of the teeth being conspicuously erect.
Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Murex Nuttallii ? Conrad.
Hab. California.
The minute scabrous sculpture of this shell is very cha-
racteristic, and so is also the obtuse stunted tubercular
structure of the varices. The marginal tooth is unusually
prominent.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex saxartitis. Mur. testd subpyriformi, ventricosd,
spird mediocri ; anfractibus transversim liratis et ele-
vato-striatis, striis subundulatis et granosis ; seafariam
varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus posticis anticis-
que grandibus simplicibus foliaceis, canaliculatis, erecto-
curvatis, medianis multo brevioribus ; fuscd vel auran-
tio-rubra, columella canalique vivide roseo-rubentibus,
aperture fauce radiata ; canali compresso, recurvo.
THE ROCK-INHABITING Murex. Shell somewhat pyri-
form, ventricose, spire middling ; whorls transversely
ridged and elevately striated, strive slightly waved and
granose ; six-varicose, varices frondose, posterior and
anterior fronds large, simple, foliaceous, canaliculated,
erectly curved, middle fronds much shorter; brown
or orange-red, columella and canal bright pinkish red,
aperture radiated with the same colour; canal com-
pressed, recurved.
Linnus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.) p. 3529.
Hab. Kastern Seas.
The shell which I have selected for the illustration of
this beautiful and well-known species, is one of the rich
orange-red variety. The ordinary colour of the outer sur-
face is a light fulvous brown.
April 1845.
MUREX.—Piatz II.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ciavus. Mur. testé elongato-fusiformi, spird tri-
gono-turritd, squamis erecto-recurvis ad angulos apicem
versus uncinatd ; anfractibus octonis, trigonis, levibus,
aut obsolete liratis et striatis, inter varices tuberculato-
plicatis ; trivaricosd, varice ultimo marginali latissime
Jimbriato-pinnato ; nived, roseo tinctd, columella pallide
rosea; canali subelongato ; apertura pared, labro ex-
terno denticulato.
THE ruppER Murex. Shell elongately fusiform, spire
triangularly turreted, armed at the angles towards the
apex with erectly recurved hook-like scales; whorls
eight in number, three-sided, smooth or obsoletely
ridged and striated, tubercularly plicated between the
varices ; three-varicose, the last marginal varix very
broadly fimbriately winged ; snowy white, tinged with
rose; canal rather elongated; aperture small, outer
lip denticulated.
Kigner, Icon. Coq. viv. p.111. pl. 37. f. 2.
Murex uncinarius, Sowerby (not of Lamarck).
Hai. Island of Masbate, Philippines; Cuming.
A characteristic figure of this remarkable species was pub-
lished by Martini nearly seventy years since, in the ‘ Con-
chylien Cabinet,’ but no further illustration of it appeared
until it was recently figured in the ‘ Conchological Ilus-
trations. Mr. Sowerby there describes it as the Murex
uncinarius of Lamarck, but as M. Kiener has since shown
that species to be another and of very different character,
I feel much pleasure in adopting his name. The error into
which Mr. Sowerby had fallen was, no doubt, occasioned
by Lamarck’s referring his Murex uncinarius to Martini’s
figure of this shell; and eleven lines being the measure-
ment given of it, Mr. Sowerby, and even Lamarck himself,
may have suspected that the Murex wncinarius was merely
an example of the shell under consideration in a very early
stage of growth.
The nearest allied species to the Murex clavus is that
which I have just described under the new title of Murex
bipinnatus ; in that species the whorls are tuberculated, not
hooked, and of a heptagonal form; in this, they are dis-
tinctly three-sided and conspicuously hooked at the angles ;
the laminated frills of the two species are also different.
Species 10. (Mus. White.)
Murex Capuctnus. Mur. testd elongato-ovata, fusiformi-
turritd, crassiusculd ; anfractibus transversim subirregu-
lariter liratis; trifariam varicosd, varicibus multi-
lamellatis, lamellis brevibus, compressis, externd foliata,
recurva ; atro-fuscd, columella albida ; canali depresso,
breviusculo ; labro externo intus denticulato.
Tue CapucHin Murex. Shell elongately ovate, fusi-
formly turreted, rather thick; whorls transversely
somewhat irregularly ridged; three-varicose, varices
many-lamellated, lamellz short, compressed, the outer
lamella foliated, recurved; black-brown, columella
whitish; canal depressed, rather short; outer lip
denticulated within.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 192. f. 1849-50.
An eadem. Murex quadrifrons, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine Islands (found at the root of Mango trees
on the shore); Cuming.
This species may be recognised by the peculiar com-
pressed laminated structure of the varices. There is little
doubt, I think, but that Lamarck’s Murex quadrifrons is
merely an accidental four-varicose variety of this species.
Marea. Pi Ill
Reeve Brothers cupr
MUREX.
Prate III.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ertnaceus. Mur. testé subfusiformi-ovatd, spird
mediocri ; anfractibus superne angulatis, inter varices
tuberculatis, transversim fortiter costatis, costis rotun-
dato-tumidis, leviter undatis, interstitiis minutissime
squamuloso-rugosis, lird parvd squamulosi sepe inter-
veniente ; quadrifariam ad septifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus valde irregularibus, nunc frondosis, nunc fimbriato-
lamellatis ; albido-fulvd ; canali brevi, clauso, subre-
curve.
Tur HEDGE-HOG Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire middling ; whorls angulated at the upper
part, slightly tuberculated between the varices, trans-
versely strongly ribbed, ribs rotundately swollen,
slightly waved, interstices very minutely squamu-
lously rugose, with a small squamulous ridge running
through; four- or seven-varicose, varices very irre-
gular, sometimes frondose, sometimes fimbriately la-
mellated; white, stained with pale fulvous brown;
canal short, closed, a little recurved.
Lryn2vs, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3530.
Variety B.
Testa varicibus incrassatis, solidis ; costis transversis angus-
tis, valde obscurioribus.
Shell with the varices thickened, solid; transverse ribs
narrow, much more obscure.
Murex Tarentinus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des-
hayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p. 593. Kiener, Iconographie
des Coquilles vivantes, pl. 44. f. 2.
Variety y.
Testa nune varicosa, nunc evaricosa; anfractibus superne
albicingulatis.
Shell sometimes varicose, sometimes without varices ;
whorls encircled with a white belt round the upper
part.
Murex cinguliferus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des-
hayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p. 597. Kiener, Iconographie
des Coquilles vivantes, pl. 30. f. 2.
Hab. Mediterranean, and coast of France and Britain,
(found at low water and at depths varying to four-
teen fathoms).
This species, like the Murices trunculus and. brandaris,
which inhabit the same sea, is extremely variable in growth,
some examples having as many as seven varices, whilst
others exhibit nothing more than a row of almost obsolete
plicated lamin. In the variety 8, which Lamarck distin-
guished as the Murex Tarentinus, the lamine of each varix,
instead of being raised like a festooned frill, as in the type
of the species, are pressed down and, as it were, solidified
between the ribs; whilst the ribs are narrower and more
obscure. The variety y is chiefly distinguished by a con-
spicuous white belt encircling the ribs at the angle, the
sculpture being in most respects like that of the variety 8.
This is much the scarcest state of the species; it is very
well represented by M. Kiener as the Murex cinguliferus,
and I have a small but equally characteristic specimen from
the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq.
Species 12. (Mus. White.)
Murex rouratus. Mur. testa ovato-oblongd, spira brevi-
usculd ; anfractibus transversim costatis, costis parvis,
compressis, subdistantibus, interstitiis levibus ; trifa-
riam varicosd, varicibus tenuibus, erecto-foliatis ; albidd,
castaneo-fusco fasciatd ; aperturé pared, labro colu-
mellari simplici, externo denticulato, dente unico planato
inferne armato ; canali brevi, plano-compresso, clauso.
THE FOLIATED Murex, Shell ovately oblong, spire ra-
ther short; whorls transversely ribbed, ribs small,
compressed, somewhat distant, interstices smooth ;
three-varicose, varices thin, erectly foliated; whitish,
banded with chesnut brown; aperture small, colu-
mellar lip simple, outer lip denticulated, armed at the
lower part with a small flattened tooth; canal short
flatly compressed, closed.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3529.
Purpura foliata, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 66.
Murex purpura alata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x.
p- 250. pl. 160. f. 1538-9.
Hab. Xsland of Sitka, north-west coast of America (found
in rocky places); Escholtz.
Lamarck committed a grand error in referring to Chem-
nitz’s admirable figure of this species for the illustration of
the Murex tripterus of Born; and Kiener, confiding with
his usual fidelity in the purity of Lamarck’s labours, has not
failed to repeat it. M. Deshayes has, however, published
the Murex foliatus in his recent edition of the ‘ Animaux
sans verttbres,’ with an accurate citation of its synonymes,
and the species is no longer veiled with any obscurity.
April 1845.
MUREX.—Ptatz III.
Species 13. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex catcrrrapa. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, crassa,
solidiusculd, spird turritd ; anfractibus superné depres-
siusculis, transversim striatis et sulcatis, inter varices
tuberculatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus biseriatim
frondosis frondium serie altera minutd, alterd promi-
nente, frondibus crassiusculis, irregularibus, duabus an-
ticis majoribus ; rufescente-castaned, lineis baltersve
angustis nigerrimo-fuscis cingulata ; canali subelongato,
compresso, leviter recurvo.
Tue cattrop Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, thick,
rather solid, spire twrreted; whorls rather depressed
at the upper part, transversely striated and grooved,
tuberculated between the varices; three-varicose, va-
rices composed of a double row of fronds, one of
which is minute, the other prominent with the fronds
rather thick and irregular, the two most anterior
being larger than the rest ; reddish-chesnut, encircled
with narrow blackish-brown lines or narrow belts ;
canal rather elongated, compressed, slightly recurved.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.573.
Hab. Red Sea (found on the coral reefs); Riippell.
Variety f.
Testa plerumque brevior ; alba, Uineis rubido-fuscis cincta.
Shell generally shorter ; white, encircled with reddish brown
lines.
Murex brevifrons, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix.
p- 573.
Purpura frondosa fasciata, Martini.
Hab. West Indies (found on the coral reefs).
There can be little doubt but that Lamarck’s Murew bre-
vifrons is a white variety of his Murex calcitrapa, inhabiting
a different locality ; although their close affinity is not com-
mented upon by M. Deshayes. It is a thick, rather pon-
derous looking species, well characterized by the brown
lines and belts which cross the interstices between the
varices. Some specimens are thin, and more frondose.
Tt may be interesting to know that the caltrop was an
instrument of war, which the ancients scattered on the field
of battle in order to wound the feet of the enemies’ horse.
It was a small iron weapon constructed of three sides, with
a row of sharp spikes down each angle, such as may be
suggested by the three-varicose structure of the shell under
consideration. If thrown with skill over the enemies quar-
ters, a shower of caltrops must have proved very annoying,
because, upon whatever side the instrument fell, a row of
spikes would stand uppermost. -
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rosarium, Var. 8. For description of which see
Prats VIII.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex turpinatus. Mur. testi ovato-turbinatd, spird
brevi, conicd; anfractibus superné angulatis, transversim
liratis, liris impresso-striatis, alternis majoribus ; sex-
fariam varicosa, varicibus obtuso-rotundatis, ad angulum
conspicue spinoso-tuberculatis, basem versus submuricato-
tuberculatis ; albidi, fasciis rufescente-fuscis tribus in-
terruptis varices super tincté, columella pallide rosacea ;
canali breviusculo.
THE TURBINATED Murex. Shell ovately turbinated, spire
short, conical; whorls angulated at the upper part,
transversely ridged, ridges impressly striated, alter-
nate ridges the larger ; six-varicose, varices obtusely
rounded, conspicuously spinosely tubercled at the an-
gle, somewhat prickly tubercled at the base ; whitish,
stained, upon the varices only, with three interrupted
reddish brown bands, columella faintly tinged with
pink; canal rather short.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.586.
Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. pl. 22. f. 1.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, East coast of Africa.
The varices of this somewhat rare species are probably
rather variable in number; in the specimen before me
there are only six on a whorl; Lamarck mentions seven,
and Kiener, who transcribes Lamarck’s Latin diagnose of
the species, enumerates eight in his summary of the specific
characters. The aperture of this shell is lined with pure
white, and the columella with pink enamel.
Mr. Sowerby, jun., has unfortunately published a serious
category of errors in attempting to illustrate this species ;
having figured three different shells, of which neither has
any reference to it. The shell represented at Fig. 30. of
the ‘ Conchological Hlustrations ’ is an indifferent specimen
of the Murex spinicostata ; that represented at Fig.90 T have
decided, after a long and patient examination of the speci-
men, to be a worn, curiously stained, tubercled variety of
the Murex trunculus; and Fig. 91 represents an obscure
example of the Murex endivia.
Mure. Pl IV
Reeve Brothers cuprohth
MUREX.
Puate IV.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Maurus. Mur. testé trigono-oblonga, utrinque
attenuatd, crassiusculd, ponderosd, spird acuminato-
turritd; anfractibus inter varices unduloso-tuberculatis,
transversim granuloso-liratis et impresso-striatis, liris
alternis majoribus ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus in-
crassatis, rotundatis, basem versus subobsolete frondosis,
frondibus parvis, perpaucis ; fuscescente, liris nigri-
cantibus, labrorum limbo roseo, labro externo denticu-
lato ; canali breviusculo.
Tue moor Murex. Shell triangularly oblong, acumi-
nately turreted at both ends; whorls undulately
tubercled between the varices, transversely granu-
lously ridged and impressly striated, alternate ridges
the larger ; three-varicose, varices thickened, rounded,
somewhat obsoletely frondose towards the base,
fronds small, very few in number ; pale brown, ridges
blackish, edge of the columellar and outer lips tinged
with rose, outer lip denticulated; canal rather short.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
M. Deshayes very properly reprimands M. Kiener for
asserting that the Muwrices maurus and rubescens Broderip,
are merely specimens of the Murex adustus in a bad state of
preservation. ‘‘ Cela prouve,” very truly says the learned
editor of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ “ que M. Kiener
n’a pas.eu sous les yeux ces espéces du naturaliste anglais.”
The Murex maurus has more the appearance of a stunted
immature Murer palmarose than a Murex adustus, from
which it differs too manifestly to render any comparison
necessary.
Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul both possess specimens of
the Murex maurus in the finest possible condition, and I
feel much pleasure in being enabled to add my testimony
to its specific importance. M. Kiener disposes in like man-
ner, of a vast number of the many valuable and charac-
teristic new species of shells collected by Mr. Cuming,
and described, from time to time, by Messrs. Broderip and
Sowerby, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’
1832-42.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex oxyacantua. Mur. testd pyriformi, spird brevi,
obtusd, suturis cavernosis ; anfractibus transversim lira-
tis et impresso-striatis, liris alternis minimis ; nived,
spinis fuscescente tinctis; aperturd parva, rotunda ;
canali breviusculo, ad extremitatem recurvo.
THE SHARP-SPINED Murex. Shell pear-shaped, spire
short, obtuse, sutures cavernous ; whorls transversely
ridged and impressly striated, alternate ridges very
small; seven-varicose, varices spined throughout,
spines long, erect, canaliculated, alternate spines very
small; snowy white, spines stained with pale brown,
aperture small, round; canal rather short, recurved
at the extremity.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Beal Llejos, Central America (found in sandy mud
at the depth of eight fathoms); Cuming.
Each transverse ridge terminates upon the following
varix in a lofty erect canaliculated spine, the minute alter-
nate ridges terminating in spines of the same proportion
of size.
Miss Saul possesses several specimens of a dwarf variety
of this species.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex sprnicostata. Mur. testd pyriformi, nunc oblonga,
nunc breviore, ventricosd ; anfractibus superne biangu-
latis, transversim liratis et striatis, liris minutis, an-
gustis, subsuperficialibus ; seafariam vel septifariam
varicosd, varicibus undique spinosis, spinis canaliculatis,
subcurvatis, duabus anticis angulos superantibus et dua-
bus tribusve basalibus, longioribus, mucronatis ; alba,
liris rufo-fuscis, maculis parvis saturatioribus lunule-
formibus hie illic tinctis, aperture fauce alba, rubido
sparsim maculata ; canali subelongato, interdum bre-
viore, TECUTLO.
THE SPINE-RIBBED Murex. Shell pear-shaped, sometimes
oblong, sometimes shorter and ventricose; whorls
bi-angulated at the upper part, transversely ridged
and striated, ridges minute, narrow, rather superfi-
cial; six- or seven-varicose, varices armed with frond-
like spines throughout, spines canaliculated, slightly
curved, the basal and those upon the posterior angles,
longer, sharp-pointed ; white, ridges reddish brown,
stained here and there with small crescent-shaped
spots of a deeper colour, interior of the aperture white,
April 1845.
MUREX.—Ptatze IV.
stained in places with ruddy spots; canal rather elon-
gated, sometimes shorter, recurved.
VALENCIENNES, Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 49. pl. 41. f. 1.
Hab. Gulf of Mexico.
This very interesting shell, of which a worn stunted ex-
ample is represented in the ‘Conchological Ilustrations,’
fig. 30, under the erroneous title of Murex turbinatus, was,
I believe, originally distinguished by Mr. Sowerby by the
name of Murea fulvescens; no description, however, ap-
peared, and as the name was subsequently cancelled from
the catalogue, I am obliged to yield to M. Valenciennes
the honour of having first introduced the species.
The frond-like spines of the Murew spinicostata are of a
sharp simple structure, exhibiting no indication of being
foliated; but are singularly characterised in being armed
with a small prickle on each side at about one-third of
thew entire length from the top. This character can, how-
ever, only be recognised in such specimens as have the
spines well developed.
Species 19. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex purus. Mur. testé trigono-ovati, subfusiformi,
spira mediocri ; anfractibus transversim leviter liratis,
et granoso-striatis, inter varices tuberculatis ; trifariam
varicosis, varicibus, uniseriatim frondosis, frondis plano-
compressis, regularibus, elegantissimé foliatis ; rufo-
fusca; apertura pared rotundatd, sub-impressa.
THE RED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, somewhat
fusiform, spire middling ; whorls transversely ridged
and granosely striated, tuberculated between the va-
rices ; three-varicose, varices surmounted by a single
row of flatly compressed, regular, very elegantly foli-
ated fronds ; reddish-brown ; aperture small, rounded,
somewhat impressed.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.574.
Hab. Indian Seas.
This species is chiefly distinguished by its three single
rows of elegant leaf-like fronds, some of which seem to be
coated internally with one or more peculiar laminee of ena-
mel. There is a very delicate small white variety of this
shell with a pink apex.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex paLmirervs. Mur. testi fusiformi-oblongd, spird
subelongatd, acuminato-turrita ; anfractibus transversim
liratis et striatis, tuberculis duobus prominentibus inter
varices armatis; trifariam varicosd, vuricibus subin-
crassatis, uniseriatim frondosis, frondis brevibus, sub-
compressis, sepe lateraliter fimbriato-connexis ; roseo-
Suscescente aut albidd ; canali breviusculo, recurvo ; la-
bro externo denticulato.
THE BRANCH-BEARING Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong,
spire rather elongated, acuminately turreted ; whorls
transversely ridged and striated, armed between the
varices with two prominent tubercles ; three-varicose,
varices somewhat thickened, furnished with a single
row of short rather compressed fronds, often fimbriately
connected at the side; pinkish brown or white ; canal
rather short, recurved; outer lip denticulated.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. North Australia.
This species may be recognised by its short compressed
fronds, which range for the most part so closely side by
side as often apparently to form a connected leaf-like frill.
Murex. Pl
Reeve Brothers aupro
tb
scalp
Sowerby delet
MU REX.
Prats V.
Species 21. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Saul.)
Murex Monopon. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, tenui, spire
suturis excavato-unpressis ; anfractibus transversim li-
ratis et striatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus pulcher-
rime frondosis, frondibus elongatis, curvatis, penultimad
longissimda, peculiariter recurved ; rufescente-fuscd, fron-
dibus nigricantibus, columella labrique limbo rosaceis ;
canali breviusculo ; labro infra medium dente valido
erecto instructo.
THE SINGLE TooTH Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, thin,
sutures of the spire excavately impressed; whorls
transversely ridged and striated ; three-varicose, vari-
ces very beautifully frondose, fronds elongated, curved,
the last but one from the base much the longest, and
peculiarly curved back; reddish brown, fronds blackish,
columella and edge of the lip tinged with rose ; canal
rather short; lip furnished just beneath the middle
with a strong raised tooth.
Variety B. (Fig. 21 a.)
Testa alba, columella labrique limbo vivide coccineo-roseis.
Shell pure white, columella and edge of the outer lip bright
scarlet rose.
Sowersy, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 19.
Murex aranea, Blainville (Kiener).
Hab. Dupuch’s Island, Torres Straits (found on the reefs
at low water); Dring, H. M.S. Beagle.
I have much pleasure in being enabled to illustrate the
varieties of this fine species, by two most magnificent spe-
cimens from the cabinets of Mr. Cuming and Miss Saul;
the one exhibiting the front structure, in the white variety,
with the delicate contrast of the pink lip and columella,
the other showing the graceful curvature of the fronds, of
which the lowest but one assumes such a remarkable spur-
like form.
The Murices monodon and imperialis, though figured by
Martini in his Conchylien Cabinet, in the year 1777, were
unknown to Lamarck, whose monograph of the genus, in
the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ was not published until five
and forty years afterwards.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex truncutus. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, subven-
tricosd, spird angulato-turritd ; anfractibus transversim
impresso-striatis et obtuse noduliferis, superne angulatis ;
sexfariam varicosd, varicibus ad angulum nunc obtuso-
nodosis, nunc squamato-tuberculatis ; purpureo-fusco
alboque fasciatd ; canali brevi, compresso, recurvo ;
aperture fauce zonis purpureis et albis vivide radiata,
THE BANDED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, slightly
ventricose, spire angularly turreted; whorls trans-
versely impressly striated, and obtusely nodiferous,
angulated at the upper part; six-varicose, sometimes
obtusely nodose at the angle; sometimes squamately
tubercled; banded with purple-brown and white ;
canal short, compressed, recurved ; interior of the
aperture vividly rayed with purple and white zones.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.) p. 3527.
Hab. Mediterranean.
The figures given in illustration of this well-known species
are selected to show the variable character of its growth,
some examples being merely slightly nodiferous, whilst
others are coronated with a prominent row of scale-like
tubercles. A variation of structure analogous to this occurs
in the genus Voluta, which presents both smooth and
tubercled varieties of the greater portion of the species.
May 1845.
Murex. Fl. VI
Reeve Brothers cupro-lith
MUREX.
Prats VI.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex princers. Mur. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, hexa-
gond, spird brevi ; anfractibus superné angulatis ; trans-
versim subobsolete liratis et striatis ; sexfariam varicosd,
varicibus frondosis, frondibus subrudibus, erectis ; alba,
fasciis lineisque ferrugineo-fuscis transversis tinctd ;
canali brevi.
THE PRINCE Murex. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
six-angled, spire short ; whorls angulated at the upper
part, transversely somewhat obsoletely ridged and
striated ; six-varicose, varices frondose, fronds some-
what rude, erect ; white, stained with transverse rusty
brown lines and bands; canal short.
Bropverip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (found on coral
reefs at low water); Cuming.
The fronds of this species are of a peculiarly rude erect
character, and that upon the angle is in each varix much
stouter at the base than any of the rest. The style of co-
louring, which is of a reddish rusty brown, reminds one of
the Murex radix though quite unlike.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex mEGacervs. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, quad-
rangulart, spira subacuminaté ; anfractibus superne
leviter angulatis, inter varices nodoso-plicatis, trans-
versim liratis et striatis, liris parvis, acutangulis ;
quadrifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus
peculiariter erectis, ad apicem leviter foliatis, fronde
supera longissimd ; fulvo-albicante, ferrugineo-fusco
plus minusve pallide tinctd ; canali subelongato.
THE LARGE-HORNED Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate,
four-angled, spire somewhat acuminated; whorls
slightly angulated at the upper part, nodosely plicated
between the varices, transversely ridged and striated,
ridges small, sharp-angled; four-varicose, varices
frondose, fronds peculiarly erect, slightly foliated at
the top, uppermost frond the longest ; fulvous white,
stained more or less with rusty brown ; canal slightly
elongated.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. West Indies.
This species, though presenting no peculiarity of colour,
may be readily distinguished by its four-varicose and quad-
rangular structure, and by the straight erect character of
the fronds.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Sinensts. Mur. testd elongato-ovatd, subfusi-
formi, tenui, spire suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus
transversim liratis et striatis, inter varices nodiferis ;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus regu-
laribus, curvatis, pulcherrimé floridis, inciso-serratis ;
albicante, fusco tinctd, lineis transversis fuscis ; labro
infra medium fortiter erecto-dentato.
Tue Cuinesr Murex. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat
fusiform, thin, sutures of the spire rather impressed ;
whorls transversely ridged and striated, nodiferous
between the varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose,
fronds regular, curved, beautifully flowered, deeply
serrated; whitish, stained with brown, transverse
lines brown; lip strongly erectly toothed beneath the
middle.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Murex elongatus, var., Sowerby, Conch. Mus. f. 88.
Hab. China.
The species which I here distinguish by the new title
of Murex Sinensis appears to have been confounded for some
time past with the Murex elongatus, or the young of the
Murex inflatus. Vt is uniformly of a thin structure, and the
fronds are of a delicate open flowery growth.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ELoneatus. Mur. testa fusiformi-elongata, tenui-
culd, subventricosd ; anfractibus transversim elevato-
striatis, inter varices tuberculatis ; trifariam varicosd,
varicibus frondosis, frondibus curvatis, inciso-serratis ;
rubido-fusci, columella et aperture fauce nigricante-
violascentibus ; canalt subelongato.
THE ELONGATED Murex. Shell fusiformly elongated, ra-
ther thin, somewhat ventricose ; whorls transversely
elevately striated, tuberculated between the varices ;
three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds curved, deeply
serrated ; dark reddish brown ; columella and interior
of the aperture blackish violet ; canal rather elongated.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.571.
Hab. Gulf of Mexico.
There is not so much novelty in the elongated structure
of this species as in its uniform dark reddish-brown colour,
and the blackish-violet enamel of the aperture.
May 1845.
aa
7 10 sent?
Murex, PL VI.
werby
MUREX.
Prate VII.
Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Enpivia. Mur. testd subgloboso-ovatd, ventricosd,
spira subturritd ; anfractibus transversim liratis et
striatis ; seafariam vel septifariam varicosis, varicibus
frondosis, frondibus floridi-foliaceis, laciniato-muri-
catis; pallidé ferrugineo-fuscd, frondibus nigricante-
Suscis, vel alba, nigricante-fusco zonatd, frondibus al-
ternatim nigricante-fuscis et albis, columella et aper-
ture fauce albis, rubro marginatis, varicibus rubro-
marginatis ; canali brevi, ascendente ; umbilico plerumque
amplo.
THE ENDIVE Murex. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
ventricose, spire slightly turreted ; whorls transversely
ridged and striated; six- or seven-varicose, varices
frondose, fronds flowery foliaceous, laciniately muri-
cated; pale rusty brown, fronds blackish brown, or
white, zoned with blackish brown, fronds alternately
white and blackish brown, columella and interior of
the aperture white, edged with red, varices edged
with red; canal short, ascending; umbilicus fre-
quently large.
Variety 8. (Fig. 27 a.)
Testa octofariam vel nonafariam varicosa, anfractibus su-
perné declivibus, inferné contractis, varicibus octonis
vel novenis, frondibus minoribus.
Shell eight- or nine-varicose, with the whorls bending
downwards at the upper part, and contracted at the
lower ; fronds smaller.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.253.
Variety 8, Murex saxicola, Broderip.
Hab. Philippine Islands (found in great abundance in
rocky places at low water); Cuming.
The leading colour of this magnificent species is a rusty
or blackish brown, and it is so differently distributed in
different examples, that it would be useless to establish
any specific varieties upon so extremely variable a cha-
racter. The Murex endivia presents, however, a variety
of form which is of much greater importance, so much so,
that Mr. Broderip described it in the Zoological Journal as
a new species, Murew saxicola. The numerous specimens
collected by Mr. Cuming at the Phihppine Islands, abun-
dantly testify that the remarkable declination which cha-
racterises the upper portion of the whorls in this variety,
is no other than that structure of which we find a similar
modification in the common Murew trunculus of the Medi-
terranean. The red marginal colouring of the columella
and outer lips forms a characteristic feature in this species.
May 1845.
Muren. Pl. Vl
»ro-hth
Sowerby del et sculp
MUREX.
Puate VIII.
Species 28. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex Steertm. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, crassa,
transversim granoso-liratd, inter varices fortiter tuber-
culatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, fron-
dosis, frondibus crispato-ramosis, subcompressis, brevi-
usculis, fronde pared interveniente ; fused, liris nigri-
cantibus, frondibus purpureo-roseis, columella et aper-
ture fauce albis ; labro externo incrassato, intus denti-
culato ; canali breviusculo.
Sreere’s Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, thick,
transversely granosely ridged, strongly tuberculated
between the varices ; three-varicose, varices thickened,
frondose, fronds crispately branched, somewhat com-
pressed, rather short, with a small frond intervening ;
brown, ridges blackish, fronds purple-rose, columella
and aperture white ; outer lip thickened, denticulated
within ; canal rather short.
ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
This shell might easily be mistaken for an accidental
stunted growth of the Murex palma-rose, were it not for
the constancy and marked peculiarity of its characters.
The fronds are short and somewhat erect, with a row of
small fronds sprouting up at their base, they are also late-
rally pinched, as it were, and do not spread in the same
flowery bifurcate manner as in the Murex palma-rose.
There is another exactly similar example in the collection
of Miss Steere, whose name deserves to be recorded in
testimony of her honourable zeal for the science.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Movrex apustus. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, cras-
siusculd, transversim conspicue liratd et striata, inter
varices maxime tuberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus densissime frondosis, frondibus foliaceis, dentato-
muricatis ; fuscescente-alld nigro tinctd, liris frondi-
busque aterrimis; columellé rosed, interdum luted,
aperture fauce alba, roseo marginatd ; canali brevi.
Tue BURNT Murex. Shell shortly fusiform, rather thick,
transversely conspicuously ridged and striated, very
largely tuberculated; three-varicose, varices very
thickly frondose, fronds foliaceous, dentately muri-
cated; brownish-white stained with black, ridges
and fronds jet black; columella rose-colour, some-
times yellow, interior of the aperture white, edged
with rose; canal short.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.573.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This species may be easily recognised by its jet black
colour, and the profuse clustered character of the fronds.
Species 30, (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex patmMa-rosa. Mur. testé oblongo-fusiformi, cras-
siusculd, transversim granoso-liratd, inter varices levi-
ter bituberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondo-
sis, frondibus foliaceo-ramosis, bifurcatim expansis ;
castaneo-fuscescente, liris nigricante-fuscis, frondibus
roseo marginatis, columella et aperture fauce albis ;
labro columellari denticulato ; canali subelongato.
THE RosE-BRANCH Murex. Shell oblong-fusiform, rather
thick, transversely granosely ridged, with two slight
tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices
frondose, fronds foliaceously branched, expanded in
a bifwreate manner; pale chesnut brown, ridges
blackish brown, fronds edged with pink, columella
and interior of the aperture white; columellar lip
denticulated ; canal rather elongated.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix.p.572.
Hab. Ceylon.
The beautiful pink branched character of the fronds of
this species has always rendered it one of peculiar admi-
ration to the collector.
Species 31. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex Savitz. Mur. testd elegantissimeé fusiforme, trans-
versim eximie grunoso-liratd, inter varices leviter tuber-
culatd ; trifariam varicosé, varicibus frondosis, fron-
dibus suberectis, foliaceo-muricatis, fronde minutd
interveniente ; pallid luteo-fuscescente rosaceo tinctd,
liris castaneo-fuscis, frondibus intus rosaceis, columella
canali et aperture fauce albis, rosaceo marginatis ;
labro columellari simplici, levi; canali subelongato,
recurvo.
May 1845.
MUREX.—Ptate VIII.
Sauu’s Murex. Shell very elegantly fusiform, transversely
delicately granosely ridged, slightly tuberculated be-
tween the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose,
fronds rather erect, foliaceously muricated, with a
minute frond intervening; pale yellowish brown
stained with pink, ridges chesnut brown, fronds pink
within, columella canal and interior of the aperture
white, edged with pink ; columellar lip simple, smooth,
canal rather elongated, recurved.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Murex paima-rose var., Kiener.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
There can be no difficulty in distinguishing this species
from the Murex palma-rose; it is of an uniform paler
colour, the canal, and columellar and outer lps being
edged with pink, whilst the columellar lip presents no indi-
cation of being denticulated, and the fronds have here and
there a small frond sprouting up at their base.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rusiainosus. Mur. testa subabbreviato-fusiformi,
transversim granoso-lirata et striata, inter varices for-
titer tuberculata ; trifariam varicosa, varicibus fron-
dosis, frondibus foliaceis, brevibus, alternis parvis,
recumbentibus ; pallidé rubiginosd, liris frondibusque
nigricante-fuscis ; columella rubiginoso-luted, aperture
fauce alba.
THE RUSTY MUREX. Shell somewhat abbreviately fusi-
form, transversely granosely ridged and_ striated,
strongly tuberculated between the varices; three-
varicose, varices frondose, fronds foliaceous, short,
the alternate small, recumbent; pale rusty brown,
ridges and fronds blackish brown ; columella rusty-
yellow, interior of the aperture white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
This shell, of which both Mr. Cuming and Mr. Taylor
possess specimens, is quite distinct from any species hitherto
described.
Murea. Pl 1X
cupro hth
thers
eeve Broth
Bat
del et sculp
Sowerby
MUREX.
Puate IX,
Species 33. (Mus. Saul.)
MovrREX cRAssIvaricosa. Mur. testd subabbreviato-fusi-
Sormi, crassiusculd ; transversim granoso-lirata et stri-
até trifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, rotundatis,
frondosis, frondibus parvis, foliaceis, alternis minori-
bus ; livido-ferrugined, aperture fauce alba.
THE THICK-vaRIcosE Murex. Shell somewhat abbre-
viately fusiform, rather thickened, transversely gra-
nosely ridged and striated; three-varicose, varices
thickened, rounded, frondose, fronds small, foliaceous,
alternate ones smaller; livid rusty brown, interior
of the aperture white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
A new species of which I have seen several characteristic
examples, including an interesting white variety from the
collection of Thomas Norris, Esq.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex varius. Mur. testd subrhomboided, fusiformi,
transversim granoso-lineatd et striata, post varices spe
tuberculata ; anfractibus superneé angulatis, infra rotun-
datis; quinquevaricosd, varicibus ad angulum et inferne
squamato-tuberculatis, squamis tribus minutis interdum
intervenientibus ; albidd, fulvo tinctd, lineis extantibus
Suscescentibus ; columella et aperture fauce albis ; ca-
nali breviusculo.
THE CHANGEABLE Murex. Shell subrhomboidal, fusi-
form, transversely granosely lineated and striated,often
tuberculated behind the varices ; whorls angulated at
the upper part, rounded beneath ; five-varicose, vari-
ces squamately tubercled at the angle and towards
the base, with three minute scales sometimes coming
between ; whitish, stained with fulvous brown, raised
lines light reddish-brown, columella and interior of the
aperture white ; canal rather short.
SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, west coast of Africa; Lieut.
Shaw.
There is a smaller variety of this species in which the
tubercles are much fuller and more obtuse, and which ex-
hibits no indication of the minute intermediate scales no-
ticed above.
Species 35. (Mus. Steere.)
Murex pomum. Mur. testd fusiformi-oblongd, crassa, so-
lida, undiqué scaberrima ; transversim conspicue lirata,
inter varices tuberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
lamellis brevibus complicatis tuberculatis ; fulvd aut
rufo-fuscescente ; columelld et aperture fauce ochraceis,
labro columellari subrugoso, margin eerecto, nigerrimo-
fusco, precipue superne, vivide tincto, labro externo
Jortiter dentato, maculis tribus nigerrimo-fuscis ornato ;
canal breviusculo, compresso, recur'vo.
THE appLeE Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong, thick, solid,
very rough throughout, transversely conspicuously
ridged, tuberculated between the varices ; three-vari-
cose, varices tuberculated with a complicated mass of
laminz ; fulvous or reddish brown, columella and in-
terior of the aperture ochraceous yellow, columellar
lip slightly wrinkled, edge erected, vividly stained,
especially at the upper part, with very black brown ;
outer lip strongly toothed, ornamented with three
black-brown spots; canal rather short, compressed,
recurved,
GMELIN, Syst. Nat., p. 3527, no. 6.
Murex asperrimus, Lamarck.
Hab. West Indies (found on coral reefs at the Island of
St. Vincents); Guilding. Mediterranean, &c.
A well-known species which appears to be very widely
and abundantly distributed.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ocutatus. Mur. testd fusiformi-oblongd, crassi-
usculd, undique leviter scabrosd, transversim liraté et
striatd, inter varices bituberculata ; trifariam varicosé,
varicibus lamellis brevibus subcomplicatis tuberculatis ;
albidd, rufo-fuscescente tincta, varicibus maculis quad-
ratis rubentibus alternatim pictis, columella rubente-
luted, aperture fauce alba, labro nigerrimo-fusco superné
pracipue, maculato, apice rubente ; canali breviusculo,
compresso, recurve.
Tur byeD Murex. Shell fusiformly oblong, rather thick,
slightly scabrous throughout, transversely ridged and
striated, with two tubercles between the varices ; three-
varicose, varices tuberculated with short rather com-
plicated lamelle ; whitish, stained with reddish brown,
May 1845.
MUREX.—Puate IX.
varices painted alternately with square red spots, co-
lumella reddish yellow, interior of the aperture white,
lip spotted with black-brown, especially at the upper
part, apex red, canal rather short, recurved.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. >
Although this shell has so many characters in common
with the Murea pomum, it exhibits a constant peculiarity
of sculpture, form, and colour. In sculpture it is smoother
and presents two tubercles between each varix ; in form it
is more graceful and slender; and in colour it is peculiarly
tinged and spotted with red, with a red apex. I have seen
numerous examples of this species, and can distinguish them
at a glance from any variety of the Murex pomum.
Species 14. (Fig. 14. Plate III. Mus. Taylor; Fig. 14 4.
Plate IX. Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rosarium. ur. testé globoso-turbinatd, ventri-
cos, spird breviuseula ; anfractibus superné rotundato-
angulatis, transversim crebriliratis, liris crispato-rugo-
sis, subsquamosis ; sexfariam vel septifariam varicosa,
varicibus obtusis, angulum super squamato-tuberculatis,
basen versus crassisquamatis ; ferrugineo-fuscescente,
JSascis tribus nigricante-fuscis interruptis ornatd, vari-
cthus roseo marginatis, columella vivide rosea, aperture
Sauce roseo trifasciatd ; canali breviusculo, latiusculo,
umbilicato.
THE ROSE-BED Murex. Shell globosely turbinated, ven-
tricose, spire rather short ; whorls rotundately angu-
lated at the upper part, transversely closely ridged,
ridges wrinkled in a crisped manner, and somewhat
squamose; six- or seven-varicose, varices obtuse,
squamately tubercled upon the angle, thick-scaled to-
wards the base; rusty brown, ornamented with three
interrupted dark brown bands, varices edged with
rose, columella deep rose colour, interior of the aper-
ture stained with three rose bands ; canal rather short,
somewhat broad, umbilicated.
Variety 8 (Plate III. Fig. 14).
Testa globosior, albida, fasciis purpureis, columella citrino-
luted.
Shell more globose, whitish, with the bands purple, and the
columella citron yellow or salmon-colour.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl’ 161. f.1528, 1529.
Murex melonulus, Lamarck.
Hab. Fernando Po. Variety 8, Senegal.
Although this species presents such a striking display
of characters it is one of the most variable of the genus.
No two shells, for example, are apparently more distinct
from each other than the varieties here figured, yet upon
examination they will be found to approximate in their
plan of sculpture and distribution of colour with the mi-
nutest exactness. In form and structure the variations
are really extraordinary ; in one richly-coloured example
before me, from the collection of Thomas Norris, Esq., the
aperture is so large and widely expanded that the shell
almost assumes the form of a Pyruda, in another the struc-
ture is that of a heavy solid shell like the Murer impe-
rialis (though, of course, having no relation with that
species).
Marea FLX.
hth.
cupre
others
Reeve
rerby del et
MUREX.
PuateE X.
Species 37. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex axtcornis. Variety 8. For description of this
species, see Plate XV.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Banxsrt. Mur. testa subelongato-fusiformi, trans-
versim granoso-lirata et striatd, inter varices trituber-
culatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondi-
bus laciniato-foleaceis, recurvis, fronde minutd basi in-
terveniente ; castaneo-fuscescente, frondibus nigricante-
fuscis, apice rosaceo ; apertura rotundatd, labro pul-
cherrimeé denticulato ; canali longiusculo.
Banks’ Murex. Shell somewhat elongately fusiform,
transversely granosely ridged and striated, with three
tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices
frondose, fronds laciniately foliaceous, recurved, with
a minute frond intervening at the base ; light chesnut
brown, fronds blackish brown, apex pink; aperture
rounded, lip very beautifully denticulated ; canal ra-
ther long.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Illus. f. 82.
Hab. Moluccas.
The sculpture of this species is of a character somewhat
similar to that of the Murer avicornis; it agrees with it
also in the rounded aperture, closed canal, and finely den-
ticulated lip. Here, however, the resemblance ceases, for
its form and the growth of the fronds are totally different.
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex aLaBasteR. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, spird
teste longitudinem equante ; anfractibus transversim
liratis et striatis, liris levibus, superné angulatis, nodu-
lis duobus tribusve subconspicuis ad angulum armatis ;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus laminato-alatis, tuberculo
erecto, profunde canaliculato, ad angulum munitis ; in-
tus extusque eburned ; canali breviusculo.
THE ALABASTER Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
spire equal to the length of the shell, whorls trans-
versely ridged and striated, ridges smooth, angulated
at the upper part, armed at the angle with two or
three rather conspicuous nodules ; three-varicose, va-
rices laminately winged, furnished at the angle with
an erect deeply canaliculated tubercle; iyory white
within and without; canal rather short,
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Island of Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of
Mindanao (found on the beach) ; Cuming.
Mr. Sowerby referred this extraordinary shell with some
doubt to the Murex acanthropterus; its proportions are,
however, so utterly different that I venture to describe it
as a new species. No other specimen has been seen.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex micropuyiius. Mur. testé subfusiformi, crassi-
usculd, inter varices bi-trituberculatd, transversim gra-
noso-lirata et striata, liris extantibus, nodiferis ; tri-
varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus superioribus
brevibus, subobscuris, inferioribus foliaceis ; columella
margine dentato-corrugato ; ferrugineo-fuscd, liris con-
spicue nigris, aperture fauce alba, columella luteo-
aurantid ; labro denticulato.
THE SMALL-LEAF Murex. Shell somewhat fusiform, ra-
ther thick, with two or three elongated tubercles be-
tween the varices; transversely granosely ridged and
striated, ridges prominently standing out, nodiferous ;
three-varicose, varices frondose, upper fronds short,
somewhat obscure, lower fronds foliaceous; edge of
the columella dentately wrinkled; rusty brown, with
the ridges conspicuously black, interior of the aperture
white, columella yellowish orange ; lip denticulated.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.575.
Hab. Ceylon (found in rocky places) ; Dr. Siebald.
This species is distinguished from the following by the
prominent nodulous structure of the ridges, and by their
very dark colour; by the obscure blunted growth of the
fronds and absence of any pink colouring; and by the
dentately wrinkled peculiarity of the edge of the colu-
mella.
Species 41. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex torreractus. Mur. testd subfusiformi, trans-
versim eximié granoso-liratd et striata, inter varices
bituberculatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis,
frondibus brevibus, eapanso-foliaceis, frondibus alternis
parvis, decumbentibus ; pallidé ustulato-fuscd, liris sa-
turatioribus, frondibus intus rosaceis ; columella levi,
luteo-aurantia.
May 1845,
MUREX.—Ptate X.
THE scorcHED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiform, trans-
versely delicately granosely ridged and striated, with
two tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose,
varices frondose, fronds short, expandedly foliated,
alternate fronds small, bending downwards ; pale
burnt brown, ridges darker brown, fronds pink within ;
columella smooth, yellowish orange.
Sowerrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Murex microphyllus, var., Kiener.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
None but a Kiener could fail to discover the specific
differences between this shell and the Murex microphyllus,
as detailed in my observations on that species.
English authors may justly feel indignant at the uncere-
monious manner in which their new species are disposed
of by this author, merely because he has not the discrimi-
nation to appreciate them.
Murex, PAT
Sowerby, del et hth . Reeve Benham & Reeve imp
MUREX.
Piate XI.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUvREX IMPERIALIS. Mur. testd ovato-ventricosd, crassa,
ponderosa, transversim costaté et striata, interstitiis
peculiariter puncturatis, tuberculo subelongato varici-
formi inter varices armaté; quadrifariam varicoséd,
varicibus crassis, tuberculiferis ; albidd, columella cor-
rugata ; labro externo dentato ; canali brevi.
THE IMPERIAL Murex. Shell ovately ventricose, thick,
ponderous, transversely ribbed and striated, interstices
peculiarly punctured, armed between the varices with
a rather elongated varix-shaped tubercle; four-vari-
cose, varices thick, tuberculiferous; whitish, colu-
mella wrinkled; outer lip toothed; canal short.
Swarnson, Zool. Illus. 2nd Series, vol. 1i. pl. 67.
Hab. Isabella Island, California (found on mud banks) ;
Captain Belcher, R.N.
The mouth of this species is sometimes yellow, some-
times deep pink. Of the latter variety there is a beautiful
example in the collection of Colonel Drummond.
Species 43. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor.)
Murex aNnGuLirerus. Mur. testd pyriformi-fusiformi,
trigonulari, crassiusculd, transversim striatd, rugosa
et leviter corrugatd, tuberculo magno in plicam sepe
terminato inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
subincrassatis, squamis brevibus solidiusculis recurvia
muricatis armatis ; albd, fascid fuscd interdum cingu-
latd, columella et aperture fauce albis, roseo mar-
ginatis ; canali breviusculo, ascendente.
THE ANGULIFEROUS MurREx. Shell pyriformly fusiform,
triangular, rather thick, transversely striated, rough
and slightly wrinkled, with a large tubercle between
the varices which sometimes terminates in a fold;
three-varicose, varices somewhat thickened, and armed
with short solid recurved sharp-pointed scales ; white,
sometimes encircled with a brown band, columella
and interior of the aperture white, edged with pink;
canal rather short, ascending.
Variety 8. (Fig. 43 4,)
Testa omnino fusca.
Shell entirely brown.
Murex ferrugo, Wood.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.588.
Hab, Ceylon (found on the reefs); Miller, R.N.
This species, which may easily be distinguished by its
peculiarly triangular pyriform shape, is certainly not Le
Strat of Adanson (see Plate XXIV.) as Lamarck supposed.
The Murex ferrugo of Wood, which I at one time thought
to be a distinct species, is unquestionably a variety only
of this.
Species 44. (Mus. Steere.)
Murex sicotor. Mur. testd globoso-oblongd, tenuiusculd,
inflata, ventricosd, transversim striata, rugosa et leviter
corrugata ; lird magna elongaté variciformi, tubercu-
liferi, inter varices ; quinquefariam varicosd, varicibus
rotundatis, squamis plus minusve solidis superné et in-
ferné, tuberculis compressis in medio, armatis ; rosco-
albicante, fuscescente pallidissime tinctd, columella et
aperture fauce vivide roseis ; labro columellari latis-
simé expanso, margine erecto, labro externo dentato ;
canali breviusculo, compresso, ascendeute.
THE TWO-coLOURED Murex. Shell globosely oblong, thin,
inflated, ventricose, transversly striated, rough and
slightly wrinkled, with a large elongated, tuberculi-
ferous varix-like ridge between the varices ; five-vari-
cose, varices rounded, armed at the upper and lower
parts with more or less solid scales, in the middle
with compressed tubercles; pinkish white, faintly
stained with light brown, columella and interior of
the aperture bright pink; columella lip very widely
expanded, erect at the edge, outer lip toothed; canal
rather short, compressed, ascending.
VaLENcIENNES. Zoology of Humboldt and Bonpland’s
Voyage, vol. ii. 1821.
Murex erythrostoma, Swainson.
Murex regius, Schubert and Wagner (not of Swainson).
Murex hippocastanum, Philippi (not of Linnzeus).
Hab. Gulf of California (found on mud banks at low
water) ; Lieutenant Babb, R.N.
Dr. Philippi appears to have described and figured in the
eighth Part of his ‘ Abbild. und Besch. Conch.’ under the
new title of Murex hippocastanum, a small variety of this
species in which the columella is white and the light brown
colouring rather predominates.
May 1845.
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Murex, PtXT
Benham & Reeve, imp
Reeve
del et: het
orby
MUREX.
Puate XII.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
MuREX RUBESCENS. Mur. testd fusiformi, crassa, trans-
versim striaté et costatd, inter varices fortiter tuber-
culatd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, tuber-
culis obtusis rudibus canaliculatis irregulariter armatis ;
vivide rubescente, tuberculis castaneo-fuscis ; aperturd
parva.
Tue PINK-RED Murex. Shell fusiform, thick, trans-
versely striated and ribbed, strongly tuberculated be-
tween the varices; three-varicose, varices thickened,
armed with irregular rude obtuse canaliculated tuber-
cles ; bright pink-red, tubercles chesnut brown ; aper-
ture small.
Broperie, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Taheite (found on the coral reefs) ; Cuming.
A solid shell of rude irregular structure.
Species 46, (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex piarratus. Mur. testd subpyriformi, spird brevi,
suturis cavernosis ; transversim scabroso-liratd et stri-
ata ; octofariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus
parvis, numerosis, erecto-dilatatis, ad summitatem levi-
ter palmatis ; aurantio-fuscescente, frondibus castaneis ;
apertura parva ; canali subelongato.
THE DiciTateD Murex. Shell somewhat pyriform, spire
short, sutures cavernous ; transversely roughly ridged
and striated ; eight-varicose, varices frondose, fronds
small, numerous, erectly dilated, slightly palmated at
the summit; orange-brown, fronds dark chesnut ;
aperture small; canal rather elongated.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Illus. f. 114.
Hab. Island of Massoua, Red Sea (found in rocky places) ;
Riippell.
There are eight varices to a whorl in this beautiful spe-
cies, each consisting of a row of numerous palmated
fronds.
Species 47. (Mus. Steere.)
Murex nicritus. Mur. testd ovato-pyriformi, ventricosd,
spird brevi ; anfractibus superné angulatis, transversim
planiliratis, liris alternis latioribus ; octofariam vel
nonafariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, fronde ad an-
gulum grandi, tuberculato-squamaté, frondibus tribus vel
quaternis basalibus longioribus fortibus corniformibus,
ceteris parvis, subobsoletis; albd, ferrugineo tinctd,
Srondibus lirisque aterrimis ; wmbilico amplo.
THE BLACKENED Murex. Shell ovately pyriform, ven-
tricose, spire short; whorls angulated at the upper
part, transversely flatly ridged, alternate ridges the
broader; eight-or nine-varicose, varices frondose, frond
upon the angle large tubercularly squamate, the three
or four basal fronds longer, strong, horn-shaped, the
rest small and rather obsolete; white, stained with
rusty brown, fronds and ridges jet black; umbilicus
large.
Puiiierr, Abbild. und Besch., Conch. Part VIII. Wurex,
oe Uyak Ue aires ale
Hab. Pacific Islands.
I quite agree with Dr. Philippi in distinguishing this
shell from the Murex radix; three species have been con-
founded together, in my opinion, under that name.
Species 48. (Mus. Saul.)
Movrex MELANoMaATHOs. Mur. testa globoso-pyriformi,
spird brevi, transversim elevato-striatd ; octofariam va-
ricosd, varicibus squamato-spinosis, spinis solidiusculis,
canaliculatis, confertis, peculiariter erectis ; alba, vari-
cibus aterrimis ; apertura parva ; canali subcompresso ;
clauso.
THE BLACK-SPINED MUREX.
spire short, transversely elevately striated, eight-va-
ricose, varices squamately spined, spines rather solid,
canaliculated, close-set, peculiarly erect ; white, varices
jet-black; aperture small, canal rather compressed,
closed.
Guerin ; Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),
vol. ix. p. 584.
?
Shell globosely pyriform,
Hab.
This interesting little shell may be recognised by the
tall, solid, erect, jet-black character of its spines, in which
respect it differs from the Murew angularis, a species I have
often seen mistaken for it by collectors.
May 1845.
MUREX,.—Ptate XII.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex varicosus. Mur. testa subelongato-pyriformi,
transversim squamato-liratd, spire suturis profunde
cavernosis ; septifariam varicosd, varice ultimo mar-
ginali planifrondoso, frondibus canaliculatis ad sum-
mitatem palmatis, extus crispato-squamatis, varicibus
cateris frondibus irregularibus plus minusve confrago-
sis; albd, frondibus nigricante-fuscis ; apertura pecu-
liaviter parva.
Tur varicose Murex. Shell somewhat elongately pyri-
form, transversely squamately ridged, sutures of the
spire deeply cavernous ; seven-varicose, the marginal
varix flatly frondose, fronds canaliculated, palmated
at the summit, crisply scaled on the outside, the rest
of the varices with the fronds irregular and more or
less obscurely broken away; white, fronds blackish
brown; aperture peculiarly small.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. 5
An interesting species established by Mr. Sowerby, ap-
proximating, in some degree, to the Murex secundus.
Murex, Pl AM
Reeve,
“
8
Reeve, Benham.
Sowerby, del. et hth
MUREX.
Puate XIII.
Species 50. (Fig. @ and 4, Mus. Saul.)
Murex HuMILIs. Mur. testé ovato-pyriformi, spird brevi,
angulato-turritd, anfractibus superné planulatis, infra
contractis, transversim liratis, liris pone varices conspi-
cuis ; octofariam varicosd, varicibus medio seriatim du-
plicato-squamatis, squamis brevibus, recurvis, basi fron-
dosis, frondibus subramosis, spinosis ; albido-fuscescente,
aurantio-rufescente profuse tinctd et maculata ; aper-
turd parva ; canali subelongatda.
THe HUMBLE Murex. Shell ovately pyriform, spire short,
angularly turreted, whorls depressed round the upper
part, contracted below, transversely ridged, ridges
conspicuous behind the varices ; eight-varicose, vari-
ces consisting in the middle of a double row of scales,
peculiarly curved back, at the base of a single row of
slightly branched spinous fronds ; whitish brown, pro-
fusely stained and spotted with orange red; aperture
small, canal slightly elongated.
Brovertrp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832; Sowerby, Conch. Illus.
f.46 and 47.
Hab. St. Elena, western coast of South America (dredged
from sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ;
Cuming.
This species has been but imperfectly described and
figured hitherto for want of a good specimen. It is a species
of very peculiar character, its pyriform growth, the curi-
ously recurved bi-squamate structure of the varices, and its
orange-red colouring are features of considerable specific
interest.
Species 51. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex amBicuus. Mur. testé globosd, subpyriformi, trans-
octofa-
riam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus alternis
versim liratd, liris irregularibus, interruptis ;
vel paucioribus elato-ramosis, spinosis, basalibus longi-
oribus ; alba, frondibus lirisque aterrimis, labri colu-
mellari parte superiora nigro tincta ; canali breviusculo.
Tue amprcuous Murex. Shell globose, slightly pyri-
form, transversely ridged, ridges irregular, interrupted;
eight-varicose, varices frondose, the alternate fronds,
or fewer, elevately branched, spinous, basal fronds
longer ; white, fronds and ridges jet black, upper part
of the columellar lip stained with black ; canal rather
short.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ——?
Three species appear to me to have been confused hi-
therto under the common title of Murex radix, which
though closely approximating may be separated without
difficulty by any person possessing a tolerable share of con-
chological discrimmation. The true Murex radix is a
round particularly solid heavy shell with a short, though
sharply acuminated, spire, with not less than ten varices,
in which the fronds are numerous, somewhat laterally com-
pressed, comparatively short, and sharp pointed ; the spe-
cies described by Dr. Philippi under the title of Murex
nigritus (for which see Pl. 12. Sp. 47), has but eight or
nine varices and the fronds are not branched, those on the
upper angle of the whorls being tubercularly squamate,
those in the middle flat and very obscure, whilst those at
In the species under
consideration the shell is of somewhat lght structure and
the fronds are large, open, and flowery.
the base are long and horn-shaped.
It certainly pre-
sents 2 modification of character intermediate between the
Murices radix and nigritus, but it is always easy to be
distinguished; and any modification of structure may, I
apprehend, be considered of specific importance when it is
not immediately approached on either side.
Species 52. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Murex corrucatus. Mur. testa ovato-fusiformi, inter
varices bituberculatd, transversim lirata et striata, liris
subconspicuis, obsolete nodosis ; trifariam varicosd, va-
ricibus obliquis, peculiariter laminato-squamatis ; fer-
rugineo-fuscd, aperture fauce violaced.
THE WRINKLED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, with
two tubercles between the varices, transversely ridged
and striated, ridges somewhat conspicuous, obsoletely
noduled ; three-varicose, varices oblique, peculiarly
laminately squamate; rusty-brown, interior of the
aperture tinged with violet.
SowErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. North Australia; H.M.S. Beagle.
This shell has very much the aspect of the Mwrex pal-
miferus, the varices are nevertheless of very different struc-
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XIII.
ture. Instead of being furnished with a row of distinct
leaf-like fronds, they are ornamented throughout with a
connected lamina forming festoons of open scales.
Species 53. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
MUReEX TRIFORMIS.
culd, transversim lirata et corrugatd, tuberculis duobus
aut pluribus inter varices ; trifariam varicosadyvaricibus
laminato-fimbriatis, superné excavato-sinuatis ; ferru-
gineo-fuscd ; apertura ovata, superne sinuatda.
THE THREE-SHAPED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, ra-
Mur. testa trigono-ovata, crassius-
ther thick, transversely ridged and wrinkled, with two
or more tubercles between the varices; three vari-
cose, varices laminately frilled, excavately sinuated at
the upper part; rusty-brown; aperture ovate, sinu-
ated at the upper part.
Murex acanthropterus, var., Sowerby, Conch. Ilus.,
fabs
Hab. New Holland.
Several specimens of this shell have been lately received
from New Holland, and it is now generally regarded as a
species quite distinct from the Murex acanthropterus. It
is of a more rude and solid structure, and of a dark rusty
brown colour,
Mure ae
ada lith Reeve Benham & Reeve, inp
MUREX.
Prate XIV.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
MuREX PELLUCIDUS. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, tenui,
transversim lirati, pulcherrimeé squamatd, inter varices
tuberculata ; trivaricosd, varicibus obliquis, latissimeé et
evimie alatis ; pellucido-albé ; apertura parva, labro
intus nodoso.
THE TRANSPARENT Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
thin, transversely ridged, very beautifully scaled, tu-
berculated between the varices ; three-varicose, varices
oblique, very widely and delicately winged; trans-
parent white; aperture small, lip nodose within.
Murex trigonularis, Sowerby (not of Lamarck).
Hab. (sland of Bantayan, Philippines (found upon a coral
bottom at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.
Mr. Sowerby somewhat incautiously refers this shell to
the Murex trigonularis of Lamarck, with whose descrip-
tion of which it certainly does not agree. Instead of this
shell being rather smooth “ deviusculd” it is covered with
small scales ; the winged varices are not very narrow “‘ per-
angustis,” but, on the contrary, very wide, and instead of
their being two tubercles in the interstices between the
varices “ tuberculis interstitiorum geminis ” there is but one.
The sculpture is in most respects like that of the following
species.
I therefore distinguish it by a new name, and consider
Lamarck’s Murex trigonularis to be either (with Mr. Gray)
a worn MW. acanthropterus or (with M. Kiener) a worn JZ,
phyllopterus.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rriptervs. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, transver-
sim liratd, pulcherrimée squamatd, inter varices tuber-
culata ; trivaricosd, varicibus valde obliquis, late alatis ;
alba, columella et aperture fauce luteo-aurantiis ; co-
lumelld labroque intus conspicue nodosis.
THE THREE-SIDED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, trans-
versely ridged, very beautifully scaled, tuberculated
between the varices; three-varicose, varices very ob-
lique, widely winged; white, columella and interior
of the aperture yellowish orange; columella and lip
conspicuously nodose within.
Born, Mus. Ceas., p. 291. pl. 10. f. 18, 19.
Murex trialatus; Kiener.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
This species differs from the preceding in having a much
less acuminated spire, and in the columella being strongly
nodose as well as the outer lip.
Species 56. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex srassica. Mur. testd subgloboso-ovaté, ventri-
cosissimad, transversim striatd, striis confertis, peculia-
riter minutissime crispato-nodulosis ; prope varices, pre-
cipue superne, tuberculatd, tuberculis brevibus, solidis ;
sexfariam vel octofariam varicosd, varicibus planis, de-
cumbentibus, lamelleformibus, margine serratis, basen
versus spinoso-squamatis ; fuscescente, fasciis castaners,
interdum interruptis, cingulatd ; columella, labro, vari-
cumque marginibus vivide purpureo-roseis, aperture
Sauce subaurantia.
Tur CABBAGE Murex. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
very ventricose, transversely striated, strize close-set,
peculiarly very minutely crisply nodulous, tuberculated
near the varices, especially round the upper portion
of each whorl, tubercles short, solid; six- or eight-
varicose, varices flat, lying down, lamella-like, serrated
at the edge, spinosely squamate towards the base ;
light brown, encircled, with sometimes interrupted,
chesnut-brown bands; columella, lip, and edges of
the varices rich purple-pink, interior of the aperture
tinged with orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.581.
Murex ducalis, Broderip and Sowerby.
Hab. Gulf of California (found in rocky places at a depth
of from four to six fathoms) ; Cuming.
This beautiful and very distinct species grows to more
than twice the size of the example selected for representa-
tion in the accompanying plate.
The figure in Martini, Conchylien Cab., vol. iii. pl. 104.
f. 986, to which M. Kiener refers for an illustration of the
species, is not the Murex brassica, but may be quoted as
affording an excellent representation of the Murex calei-
trapa var B, (for which see Pl. III. Sp. 13.), Mure bre-
vifrons, Lamarck.
June 1845,
MUREX.—Ptarte XIV.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pinnatus. Mur. testdé elongato-fusiformi, inter
varices tuberculatd, transversim liraté et striatd, lon-
gitudinaliter squamato-striatdé ; trivaricosd, varicibus
obliquis, alatis ; alba; aperturd pared.
THE WINGED Murex. Shell elongately fusiform, tuber-
culated between the varices, transversely ridged and
striated, longitudinally squamately striated; three-
varicose, varices oblique, winged; white, aperture
small.
Woop, Index Testaceologicus Supp., pl. 5. f. 20.
Hab. China.
The sculpture of this well-known Chinese species is very
similar to that of the Murex tripterus.
Species 73. (Fig. 60, Mus. Saul.)
Murex osszus. Mur. testd oblongo-ovatd, subfusiformi,
leviusculd, inter varices fortiter tuberculatd ; trivari-
cosa, varicibus fimbriato-laminatis, superne falcatis ;
albd, castaneo-fusco hie illic, tinctd ; apertura peculi-
ariter parva, ovata.
Tue Bony Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat fusi-
form, rather smooth, strongly tubercled between the
varices ; three-varicose, varices fimbriately laminated,
hooked at the upper part; white, stained here and
there with chesnut-brown ; aperture peculiarly small,
oval.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
The Murex pinniger is perhaps the nearest allied species
to this, though of very different form.
Murex, Pl. XV-
60.
Sowerby, del et ith Reeve, Benham. & Reeve, imp
MUREX.
Piate XV.
Species 58. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex FENESTRATUS. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, superné
subangulata, inferné contractd, inter varices longitudi-
naliter unicostatd, liris angustis pulcherrime squamatis
cingulatd, superné tribus vel quaternis, in medio dua-
bus, deinde ad basem duabus ; lirarum interstitiis quad-
ratis, excavatis ; quadrifariam varicosd, liris transversis
varices super erecto-fimbriatis ; albidé, lirarum inter-
stitiis castaneo- aut rubido-fuscis, varicibus vivide fusco-
aurantiis ; apertura parva, columella labroque leviter
~ nodulosis.
THE WINDOW-SCULPTURED Murex. Shell fusiformly
ovate, somewhat angulated at the upper part, con-
tracted at the lower, longitudinally single-ribbed be-
tween the varices, encircled with narrow very beauti-
fully squamate ridges, three or four round the upper
part, two round the middle, and two round the base,
interstices between the ridges square, excavated ;
four-varicose, transverse ridges erectly fimbriated upon
the varices; whitish, interstices between the ridges
dark chesnut or reddish brown, varices bright fuscous
orange; aperture small, lip and columella slightly
nodulous.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 161. f. 1536-1537.
Hab, ——?
I think M. Deshayes has erred in excluding the figures
of Sowerby and Kiener from the synonymy of this remark-
able species. This is undoubtedly the shell figured by
Chemnitz, and not the violet-mouth shell of which M. Des-
hayes speaks. The figures hitherto published of it have
all unfortunately been drawn from worn imperfect speci-
mens, none of them exhibiting that beautifully scaled
sculpture as seen on the back of the fimbriated digitations
in the example here represented.
Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex recius. Mur. testdé globoso-ovatd, crassiusculd,
transversim peculiariter corrugato-striatd, et funicu-
lata, funiculis angustis, subdistantibus ; sexfariam va-
ricosd, varicibus duplicato-squamatis, squamis profunde
canaliculatis, spinoso-serratis ; fuscescente-albd, roseo
tinctd, varicum squamis intus roseis, suturis piceo-ni-
gris; labro columellari erecto-expanso, intus et inferne
vivide roseo, superné conspicue piceo-nigro ; canali
planiusculo, corrugato ; labro fortiter denticulato.
THE royaL Murex. Shell globosely ovate, rather thick,
transversely peculiarly corrugately striated and corded,
cords narrow, rather distant; six-varicose, varices
consisting of a double row of deeply canaliculated,
spinosely serrated scales ; light brownish white, tinged
with pink, interior of the scales pink, sutures pitch-
black; columellar lip erectly expanded, bright pink
towards the interior and lower part, pitch-black at the
upper; canal rather flat, curiously wrinkled or in-
dented; lip strongly denticulated.
Woop, Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 5. f. 13.
Phyllonotus regius, Swainson.
Hab. Panama (found on mud banks at low water); Cuming.
No one can fail to recognise this magnificent and well-
known species.
Species 37. (Plates X. and XV. Fig. 37.)
Morex axtcornis. Mur. testa ovato-fusiformi, trans-
versim striata, striis minutissime nodulosis, scabrosis ;
trifariam varicosa, varicibus conspicue frondosis, frond-
ibus rariusculis, elongatis, dilatato-ramosis, spinosis ;
roseo-fuscescente ; apertura parvd, subrotunda.
Tue Axis’ HoRN Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, trans-
versely striated, strize very minutely noduled, scabrous;
three-varicose, varices conspicuously frondose, fronds
rather few in number, elongated, dilately branched,
spinous ; pinkish brown; aperture small, nearly round.
Variety 8 (Plate X. Fig. 37. Mus. Saul.)
Testa grandior, elongatior, frondibus brevioribus, minus dila-
tato-ramosis, purpureo-nigricantibus.
Shell larger, more elongated, with the fronds shorter, less
dilately branched, and of a purple-black colour.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix. p.574.
Hab. (sland of Bohol, Philippines (dredged from the depth
of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming.
T had selected the variety ® for illustration in Plate X.
Fig.37, with the view of describing it as a new species; upon
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XV.
mature examination, however, I am obliged to concede to
the opinion held by Mr. Sowerby as to its being a variety
of the Murex axicornis.
Axis was a name given by the ancients to an animal
of the deer tribe, recorded by Pliny as being held sacred
to Bacchus.
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex acuLnatus. Mur. testa fusiformi, transversim
striata, inter varices subobsolete bituberculata ; trifariam
varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus rariusculis, di-
latato-ramosis, spinosis; roseo-fuscescente, varicibus,
columella, apice basique vivide rosaceis ; apertura parva,
labro minute denticulato.
THE PRICKLY Murex. Shell fusiform, transversely stri-
ated, somewhat obsoletely tuberculated between the
varices ; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds rather
few, dilately branched, spmous; pinkish brown, va-
rices, columella, apex and base deep pink ; aperture
small, less minutely denticulated.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.575.
Hab. Moluccas.
A beautiful little species, richly suffused throughout
with a delicate pink tinge.
Murex. Ll £VT.
del et Jith
GB.S
MUREX.
Piate XVI.
Species 61. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 6, Mus. Norris.)
Murex ratcatus. Mur. testé abbreviato-fusiformi, spird
brevi, angulato-turrita, liris parvis longitudinalibus et
transversis apicem versus clathratis ; quinquevaricosd,
varicibus laminato-alatis, superné falcatis, margine in-
voluto ; alba, rubido-fusco tincté; aperturé pared ;
canali subelongato.
THE HOOKED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, spire
short, angularly turreted, latticed towards the apex
with small longitudinal and transverse ridges; five-
varicose, varices laminately winged, hooked at the
upper part, with the edge turned inwards; white,
stained with reddish-brown; aperture small; canal
rather elongated.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Eadem. Murex aduncus, Sowerby.
Hab. Japan.
By permission of Thomas Norris, Esq., I have repre-
sented at Fig. 61 a, the specimen described by Mr. Sowerby
under the name of Murex aduncus. It appears merely to
exhibit a shght modification of growth without any varia-
tion of specific importance.
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex prnnicer. Mur. testa fusiformi, superné obsolete
liratd, tuberculo solido prominulo inter varices ; triva-
ricosa, varicibus aleformibus, superne laciniato-fulcatis,
ad basem alatis; purpurascente-alba, fusco hic illic
tinctd et punctatd ; apertura peculiariter parva.
THE WING-BEARING Murex. Shell fusiform, obsoletely
ridged at the upper part, with a solid prominent tu-
bercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices
wing-like, laciniately hooked at the upper part, winged
at the base; purplish white stained and spotted here
and there with brown.
BroperipP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Murex cristatus, Gray (not Brocchi).
Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia (dredged from sandy mud
at the depth of eight fathoms); Cuming.
The varices of this species are peculiarly thin and flat-
tened though a little waved and serrated at the edge ; and
they are developed in a curious winged manner at the
base.
Species 63. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex pHytioprerus. Mur. testa trigono-oblongd, sub-
Susiformi, inter varices obtuse tuberculutd, transversim
liratd, liris latiusculis, subobsoletis, distantibus ; triva-
ricosd, varicibus radiatim laminatis, aleformibus ; alba,
Sasciis latiusculis castaneo-fuscis inter varices conspicue
pictd ; canali breviusculo.
THE LEAF-WINGED Murex. Shell triangularly oblong,
somewhat fusiform, obtusely tuberculated between
the varices, transversely ridged, ridges rather broad,
somewhat obsolete, distant; three-varicose, varices
radiately laminated, wing-like ; white, conspicuously
painted between the varices with rather broad chesnut
brown bands ; canal rather short.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.577.
Murex trialatus, Sowerby.
2)
Hab.
This shell may probably be a dark banded variety, and
not the type, of Lamarck’s species ; it is, however, the only
specimen at present known in this country, and the only
one I remember to have seen.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX ACANTHROPTERUS. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi,
anfractibus superne angulatis, transversim liratis et
striatis ; trivaricosd, varicibus laminato-alatis, mem-
branaceis, superne canaliculato-falcatis ; albd, interdum
Suscescente sparsim tincta ; canali longiusculo.
THE SPINE-WINGED Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely ridged
and striated; three-varicose, varices laminately winged,
membranaceous, canaliculately hooked at the upper
part; white, sparingly stained with light brown; ca-
nal rather long.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.577.
Hab. 7
The varices of this species exhibit a very peculiar canal-
iculated structure at the upper part, which ranges on the
spire in rows of prominent spine-like hooks.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex Gamsiensis. Mur. testa fusiformi, inferné atten-
uatd, solidiusculd, transversim obsolete striata, tuber-
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XVI.
culo mayno prominulo inter varices ; trivaricosd, vari-
cibus plicato-laminatis, superne falcatis, ad basem alatis ;
alba, fusco hic illic punctatd ; apertura pared ; canali
longiusculo.
Tue Gampra Murex. Shell fusiform, attenuated at the
lower part, rather solid, transversely obsoletely stri-
ated, with a large prominent tubercle between the
varices ; three-varicose, varices plicately laminated,
hooked at the upper part, winged at the base ; white,
dotted here and there with brown ; aperture small ;
canal rather long.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, west coast of Africa.
Closely allied to the Murex pinniger, but of a more
elongated structure, and different style of colouring,
Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex cCEeRvicornis. Mur. testa fusiformi, transversim
lirata et striaté ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus frondo-
sis, frondibus erectis, superioribus bifurcatim elongatis ;
alba ; apertura subrotundd ; canali longiusculo, recurvo.
THE sTaG’s HORN Murex. Shell fusiform, transversely
ridged and striated; three-varicose, varices frondose,
fronds erect, upper ones bifurcately elongated ; white,
aperture nearly round; canal rather long, recurved.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix.p.575.
Hab. ?
A rare and elegantly formed species, well distinguished
by the curious two-forked growth of the upper fronds of
the varices.
Murex, PLXV.
MUREX.
Prate XVII.
Species 67. (Mus. Norris.)
Murex crispus. Mur. testd ovato-pyriformi, transversim
liraté, liris prominentibus, alternis majoribus, spire
suturis plano-depressis ; multivaricosd, varicibus ad de-
cenis, confertis, squamis subobtusis brevibus compressis
undique armatis ; virescente-alba, squamis lirisque ni-
gricante-fuscis ; canali breviusculo.
THe crisPpED Murex. Shell ovately pyriform, trans-
versely ridged, ridges prominent, alternate ridges the
larger, sutures of the spire flatly depressed ; many-
varicose, varices about ten to a whorl, close-set, armed
throughout with short rather obtuse compressed
scales; greenish white, scales and ridges blackish
brown; canal rather short.
BroveriP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Pacasmayo, coast of Peru (found on a reef at a depth
of about twenty-five fathoms, twelve miles from the
shore) ; Cuming.
Only two or three specimens of this very rare and re-
markable species appear to have been yet discovered.
Species 68. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex Stainrortui. Mur. testé globoso-ovatd, subpy-
riformi, transversim liratd, liris angustis, granosis, in-
terstitiis corrugatis ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus
densissime frondosis, frondibus brevibus confertis, acu-
tissimé muricato-ramosis ; albidd vel aurantio-fusces-
cente, frondibus lirisque nigricante-fuscis, columella et
aperture fauce vivide aurantiis ; apertura ovata, labro
crenato ; canali breviusculo.
StatnrortH’s Murex. Shell globosely ovate, somewhat
pyriform, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, granose,
interstices wrinkled ; seven-varicose, varices unusually
thickly frondose, fronds short, close-set, very sharply
prickly branched ; white or orange-brown, fronds and
ridges blackish brown, columella and interior of the
aperture bright orange ; aperture ovate, lip crenated ;
canal rather short.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842.
Hab. North coast of New Holland; H.M.S. Beagle.
I had the pleasure of describing this very characteristic
species about three years since from a specimen in the ca-
binet of Mr. Inwood, now in the possession of Mr. Burt,
the only one at that time known. Several examples have
been since brought from New Holland by H.M.S. Beagle,
but none with the beautiful ramose structure of the varices
more fully developed than in the original specimen. Each
varix is composed of a number of very close-set prickly
fronds, sometimes one or two successive layers of them,
which from their delicate structure appear to become very
soon eroded. No specimens of this shell have yet been
seen without the back varices being more or less destroyed.
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex RADIX, Mur. testi globosd, crassissimd, solidd,
spira brevi, acuminata, transversim liratd, liris inequa-
libus ; multivaricosd, varicibus ad decenis muricato-
squamatis, squamis brevibus, solidis, alternis majoribus ;
alba, squamis aterrimis ; canali brevi.
root Murex. Shell globose, very thick, solid, spire
short, acuminated, transversely ridged, ridges unequal ;
THE
many-varicose, varices about ten to a whorl, prickly
squamate, scales short, solid, alternate ones the larger ;
white, scales jet black ; canal short.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat., p. 3527.
Hab. Bay of Caraceas, West Colombia (found on mud
banks at low water); Cuming.
This species may be distinguished by its massive struc-
ture, round globose form, and by the numerous varices
characterised by the compressed stunted growth of the
scales.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex nitipus. Mur. testa ovato-pyriformi, transversim
liratd, liris valde inequalibus ; septifariam vel octo-
fariam varicosd, varicibus squamatis, squamis elongatis,
erectis, muricatis ; albd, squamis nigerrimo-fuscis, base
fuscis, liris nigris et fuscis ; apertura subparvda.
Tue NEAT Murex. Shell ovately pyriform, transversely
ridged, ridges very unequal ; seven- or eight-varicose,
varices squamate, scales elongated, erect, prickly ;
white, scales very black brown, brown at the base,
ridges black and brown; aperture rather small.
BroveripP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Guacomayo, Central America (found on the coral
reefs at low water); Cuming.
This species was originally described by Mr. Broderip
from a young prettily filleted specimen, of which there is
a representation in Sowerby’s ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’
Murex, Fig. 4. It was considered at that time to be
unique, though Mr. Sowerby pronounced it to be “ proba-
bly a variety of the Murex princeps in a young state.
The fine full grown shell here figured was obtained by
Mr. Cuming in nearly the same locality as the small spe-
cimen ; other examples since come to hand show their spe-
cific connection, and the species now proves to be distinct
from the Murex radix in all stages of growth.
June 1845.
Murex. Pl, XVM
ete aoe
bi On Wy
R B&R imp.
C.B.S, del et hth
MUREX.
Puate XVIII.
Species 71. (Mus, Cuming.)
Murex cornutus. Mur. testé claveformi, tenui, ventri-
cosa, transversim subtiliter sulcatd et striaté, spiré
subdepressd, suturis profundis ; septifariam varicoséd,
varicibus planulatis, spinis duabus tribusve canaliculatis
longissimis recurvis armatis ; cinereo-fuscd, interdum
rufo zonataé ; canali longissimo, spiraliter longispinoso ;
labro columellari tenui, erecto-expanso.
THE HORNED Morex. Shell club-shaped, thin, ventricose,
transversely finely grooved and striated, spire some-
what depressed, sutures deep ; seven-varicose, varices
flattened, each armed with two or three very long ca-
naliculated spines; ashy brown, sometimes zoned
with fulvous red; canal very long, armed with spiral
rows of long spines; columellar lip thin, erectly ex-
panded.
Variety B.
Testa lactea.
Shell cream-coloured.
Linnazus, Syst. Nat., p. 1214.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, western coast of Africa (found
in rocky places); Lieut. Babb.
T have figured the cream-coloured variety of this well-
known species for the sake of novelty.
Species 72. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex Marrrntanus.
transversim lirald, iris nodulosis, inaqualibus ; trifa-
Mur. testé trigono-claveformi,
riam varicosa, varicibus rarispinosis, spinis breviusculis;
luteo- vel griseo-carulescente, canali fuscescente ; aper-
turd ovata, labro dente planulato, erecto, munito ; ca-
nali longissimo, recto, superne spinoso.
Martinis Murex. Shell triangularly club-shaped, trans-
versely ridged, ridges nodulous, unequal ; three-vari-
cose, varices few-spined, spines rather short; yel-
lowish or greyish blue, canal brownish; aperture
ovate, lip furnished with an erect flattened tooth;
canal very long, straight, spined towards the upper
part.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845 ; Martini, Conch. Cab., vol. iii.
pl. 113. f. 1056.
Murex rarispina, Sowerby (not of Lamarck.)
Hab. ?
A careful examination of the description of Lamarck’s
Murex rarispina has now led me to believe with MM.
Kiener and Deshayes that it more correctly applies to the
shell described by Mr. Sowerby under the name of Murex
JSormosus. The figure, however, in Martini’s ‘ Conch. Cab.’
to which Lamarck refers for the illustration of that species,
affords a characteristic representation of this; and it is
unquestionably distinct from the Murex tribulus or any
species hitherto described.
For account of Fig. 73, see the following plate, Species 76 ;
and for Species 73, see Plate XIV. Fig. 60.
June 1845.
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MUREX.
Puate XIX.
Species 74. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Murex Funicunatus. Mur. testd claveformi, transversim
liratd, liris ad summitatem funiculatis, costis tribus vel
quaternis pliceformibus longitudinalibus inter varices ;
trivaricosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis brevibus, acutis,
sursum inclinatis ; fuscescente-albd, funiculis transver-
sis castaneis ; aperturd ovatd, columella labroque intus
noduliferts ; canali elongato.
THe corpED Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely
ridged, ridges corded at the summit, with three or
four longitudinal plait-like ribs between the varices ;
three-varicose, varices spimous, spines short, sharp,
inclined upwards; brownish white, transverse cords
dark chesnut brown; aperture ovate, columella and
lip noduliferous within; canal elongated.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845.
Hab. ——?
An interesting species, well characterised by the fine
dark chesnut brown cords with which it is encircled
throughout at equal distances.
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX RECURVIROSTRIS.
versim liratd, costis tribus pliceformibus longitudina-
Mur. testé claveformi, trans-
libus inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus grandibus
rotundis, spinis paucis brevissimis minutis muricatis ;
cinereo-nigricante, fuscescente zonatd ; canali elongato,
PECUIVO,
THE RECURVED BEAK Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans-
versely ridged, with three plait-like longitudinal ribs
between the varices; three-varicose, varices large,
round, muricated with a few very short minute spines ;
ashy black, zoned with light brown; canal elongated,
recurved.
BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Gulf of Nicoivo, Central America (found in sandy
mud at the depth of about nine fathoms); Cuming.
The varices of this species are unusually large and
swollen, with a minute spine sprouting up here and there.
Species 76. (Fig. 76. Mus. Saul; and Fig. 73, Pl. XIX.
Mus. Cuming.)
Murex TerRNispina. Mur. testa elongato-claveformi,
transversim liratd, liris parvis, inequalibus, interstitiis
corrugatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spi-
nis gracilibus, ternis prelongis, intermediis breviusculis ;
canali longissimo, spinoso, spinis alternis prelongis,
horizontalibus, alternis breviusculis, erectis ; lutescente-
aut cinereo-grised ; aperturd ovatd, labro dente pla-
nulato erecto munito.
THE TRIPLE-SPINE Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely ridged, ridges small, unequal, interstices
wrinkled ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines slen-
der, three very long, alternate ones rather short;
canal very long, spinous, spines alternately very long
and rather short, the long spines being horizontal,
the short ones erect; yellowish or ashy grey; aper-
ture ovate, lip furnished with a flattened erect tooth.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.567.
Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming.
This shell I conceive to be the true Murex ternispina of
Lamarck, and not that figured for it by Kiener.
Species 77. (Mus. Taylor.)
Mvrex sBrevispina. Mur. testé claveformi, tenuiculd,
transversim striata, inter varices nodosd ; trifariam
varicosd, varicibus spinis brevibus obesiusculis armatis ;
Suscescente-alba ; canali elongato, superne brevispinoso ;
apertura ovata, labro dente planulato erecto munito.
THE SHORT-SPINE Murex. Shell club-shaped, rather
thin, transversely striated, nodose between the vari-
ces; three-varicose, varices armed with rather stout
short spines ; brownish white ; canal elongated, short-
spined ; aperture ovate, furnished with an erect flat-
tened tooth.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. ix. p.567,
Hab. Coast of Arabia.
This species has generally a double row of nodules bee
tween the varices.
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XIX.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Minpanensis. Mur. testa elongato-claveformi,
transversim liratd, costis tribus pliceformibus inter va-
rices; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinis
brevibus acutis canaliculatis muricatis ; lutescente-albd,
varicibus aurantio-fusco pallidé maculatis ; canali elon-
gato, inferné sinuato-recurvo.
Tue Mrnpanao Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely ridged, with three plait-like ribs between
the yarices ; three-vyaricose, varices round, muricated
with short sharp canaliculated spines; yellowish-
white, varices spotted with pale orange brown; canal
elongated, sinuately recurved at the lower part.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged
from sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ;
Cuming.
This species has somewhat the appearance of an elongated
Murex rarispina (Murex formosus, Sowerby), divested of
its three long anterior spines.
Vincent Brooks, Imp
WFitch, del et ith.
MUREX.
PLATE XX:
Species 79. (Mus. Saul.)
MuREX NIGRISPINOSUS. Mur. elongato-claveformi, trans-
versim liratd et striata, liris inequalibus, subnodosis,
spird breviusculd ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spino-
sts, spinis erecto-elongatis ; canali elongato, ad extre-
mitatem leviter recurvo, spinoso, spinis longis, subcur-
vatis, purpurascente-alba, fusciis tribus vel quaternis
Suscescentibus subindistincte cingulata, spinis purpureo-
nigricantibus.
THE BLACK-SPINED MurEX. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely ridged and striated, ridges unequal,
slightly nodose; spire rather short; three-varicose,
varices spinous, spines erectly elongated ; canal elon-
gated, shghtly curved back at the extremity, spined,
spines long, a little curved; purplish white, some-
what indistinctly encircled with three or four light
brown bands, spines purple-black.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. 2
This shell should, I think, be distinguished from the
Murex tribulus, to which it is most nearly allied. Its cha-
racters throughout present an agreable modification which
is constant in all the examples I have seen.
Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX PLICIFERUS.
ventricosd, transversim subtiliter liratd, liris angustis,
Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, medio
numerosis, rugis minutis longitudinalibus undique gra-
-noso-decussatis ; tuberculis duobus plicato-elongatis in-
ter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus spinis canaliculatis
brevibus inequalibus, quarum und antica subconspicud,
armatis ; albd, aurantio-fuscescente pallide tincté ; ca-
nali subelongato, recurvo.
THE PLicaTED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, ventri-
cose in the middle, transversely finely ridged, ridges
narrow, numerous, granosely decussated throughout
with minute longitudinal wrinkles, with two plicately
elongated tubercles between the varices; three-vari-
cose, varices armed with short unequal canaliculated
spines one anterior of which is conspicuous; white,
faintly tinged with orange-brown ; canal rather elon-
gated, recurved.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Had. ?
A fine species, of which I do not remember to have seen
any other specimen. The back of it is well figured in
Sowerby’s ‘ Conchological Mustrations,’ Murex, £.101.
Species 81. (Mus. Saul.)
Morex occa. Mur. testé claveformi, levi, aut obsolete
striata ; anfractibus superné angulatis, nodis duobus
inter varices ad angulum armatis ; trifariam varicosd,
varicibus spinosis, spinis longiusculis, sursum inclinatis ;
luteo- aut cinereo-cerulescente ; canali longissimo, recto,
trifariam spinoso ; aperturé ovata, labro dente planu-
lato erecto munito.
THE HARROW Murex. Shell club-shaped, smooth or ob-
soletely striated ; whorls angulated at the upper part,
armed upon the angle between the varices with two
nodules ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines rather
long, bent upwards, yellowish or ashy blue; canal
very long, straight, armed with three rows of spines ;
aperture ovate, lip furnished with an erect flattened
tooth.
SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1840 ; Conch. Hlus., Murex, f.45.
Hab. Island of Nicobar (found in sandy mud); Commo-
dore Ludlin.
An excellent species which may be recognised by the
smooth, angular structure of the spire, and the upward
inclination of the spines.
Species 82. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
MUREX TRIBULUS.
versim obtuso-liratd, liris alternis majoribus, intersti-
Mur. testa trigono-claveformi, trans-
tus rugosis; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis,
spinis longiusculis, validis, inferne crassis ; pallide
Sulvd, liris fusco alboque plus minusve distinct? articu-
latis ; canali longissimo, recurvo.
THE BRAMBLEX Mure. Shell triangularly club-shaped,
transversely obtusely ridged, alternate ridges the
larger, interstices wrinkled; three-varicose, varices
spinous, spines rather long, strong, thick at the base :
pale fulvous white, ridges more or less distinctly arti-
culated with brown or white; canal very long, re-
curved.
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puatr XX.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214.
Murex crassispina, Lamarck (not of Kiener).
Murex ternispina, Kiener (not of Lamarck).
Hab. Kastern Seas.
M. Deshayes’ note on this species in his edition of La-
marck’s ‘ Anim. sans vert.’ so admirably exposes the com-
plicated series of errors connected with it, that I cannot
do better than give a free translation :—
“Tt is very certain that this species (Murex crassispina,
Lamarck), is the same as that named Murex tribulus by
Linneus. Lamarck recognised it himself in citing the
Linnean name at the commencement of his synonymy ;
and should have restored to the species a name which it
ought never to have lost. It is true that Linneus refers,
amongst others, to some figures of the Murex tenuispina
for the illustration of his Murer tribulus; but this confu-
sion, easy to rectify, does not authorise a change of name.”
“Tt should be observed that Lamarck confounded two very
distinct species in his synonymy of Murex crassispina ; one,
the true Murex tribulus of Linneeus,—Martini, Conch. Cab.
yol. ii. pl. 118. f. 1053, 13850, which name should be
adopted ; the other, the Murer tribulus maximus of Chem-
nitz,—Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 189. f. 1819, 1820, (for
which see Pl. XXII. Fig. 89.), described by Dillwyn under
the new title of Murex scolopaz. This Murex had been
already figured by Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. iti. pl. 113.
f. 1052, as a variety of M. triéulus; and a further error
arises on the part of Mr. Sowerby, in his ‘ Catalogue of
Murices’ in the ‘ Conchological Iustrations.’ For the
Murex crassispina, Lamarck, he refers to Martini’s, f.1052 ;
and for the Murex scolopax, Dillwyn, to Chemnitz’s, f.1819,
1820, without perceiving that they represent exactly one
and the same species. M. Kiener falls into a similar error,
and neither author having searched for the origin of these
species, they have both committed themselves in not having
figured the true Murex tribulus at all.”
In reference to the latter part of this remark I may ob-
serve, that the shell figured by Kiener for the Murex ter-
nispina is in my opinion the Murex tribulus; the true
Murex ternispina being correctly figured by Sowerby,
Conch. Illus. f. 110, and by myself, Pl. XVIII. f. 73, and
Pl. XIX. f. 76, in my account of which the differences be-
tween these two so closely approximating species are
detailed.
R,B&R imp
del et Lith.
MUREX.
PraTe XXI.
Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex curysostoma. Mur. testé abbreviato-claveformi,
transversim noduloso-striatd, tuberculis tribus aut plu-
ribus inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotun-
dis, tuberculato-liratis, spind validé breviusculé curvata
ad basem ; olivaceo-cinered, luteo tincté et maculata ;
columellé corrugatd, rufo-aurantio tinctd ; canali sub-
elongato, recurvo.
THE GOLDEN MouTH Murex. Shell abbreviately club-
shaped, transversely nodulously striated with three or
four tubercles between the varices; three-varicose,
varices round, tuberculately ridged, with a strong
rather short curved spine at the base; olive-ash co-
lour, stained and spotted with yellow; columella
wrinkled, stained with rufous orange; canal some-
what elongated, recurved.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. lus. Cat., Murex, no. 8. f. 1.
Hab. Gulf of Mexico.
This shell is of a peculiar dark olive ash colour, tinged
and irregularly stained with yellow; the edge of the lip
and of the varices is festooned, in a manner, with reddish
brown; and the columellar lip is coloured in places with
rich rufous orange.
Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.)
MvREX BELLUS.
ratis, liris tuberculato-nodosis ; trivaricosd, varicibus
Mur. testa clavaformi, transversim li-
rotundis, tuberculato-liratis, spind brevi acuté ad ba-
sem ; albicante, castaneo-fusco supra et infra maculata,
liris castaneo conspicue funiculatis, columella labroque
rufo-aurantio tinctis ; canali subelongato.
PRETTY Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely
ridged, ridges tubercularly noduled throughout; three-
varicose, varices round, tubercularly ridged, with a
short sharp spine at the base ; whitish, spotted above
and below with chesnut brown, ridges conspicuously
corded with chesnut-brown, lip and columella stained
with rufous-orange; canal rather elongated.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
THE
Allied to the preceding species in respect to its rufous
orange mouth, but of a different colour and sculpture
throughout.
Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX TENUISPINA.
transversim noduloso-liratd, interstitiis rugis longitu-
dinalibus clathratis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus par-
vis, planiusculis, longispinosis ; canali elongato, sexfa-
riam spinoso, spinarum seriebus alternis longissimis
tenuibus horizontalibus ad extremitatem aduncis, alter-
nis parvis intermediis erectis ; cinereo- aut cerules-
cente-fuscd, aperture fauce nigricante-fusco lineata.
THE THIN-sPINE Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely nodulously ridged, interstices latticed
with longitudinal wrinkles; three-varicose, varices
small, rather flattened, long-spined ; canal elongated,
armed with six rows of spines, three rows of very
long thin horizontal spines bent inwards at the end,
alternating with three rows of small erect intermediate
spines ; ashy or blueish brown, interior of the aper-
ture lineated with blackish brown.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.566,
Hab. EKastern Seas.
Mur. testéi elongato-claveformi,
No one can fail to admire the very delicate and beauti-
ful structure of this well-known species.
Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex RARISPINA. Mur. testd trigono-claveformi, trans-
versim nodoso-liraté ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
spinosis, spind anticg prelongd, subcurvd, ceteris bre-
vissimis irregularibus ; fuscescente, roseo-violascente
tinctdé ; canali subelongato, ascendente.
THE RARE-SPINE Murex. Shell triangularly club-shaped,
transversely nodosely ridged ; three-varicose, varices
spinous, the anterior spine of each very long, a little
curved, the rest very short, irregular; pale brown,
tinged with pinkish violet ; canal somewhat elongated,
ascending.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix. p.567.
Murex formosus, Sowerby.
2
Hab.
I quite agree with MM. Kiener and Deshayes in assign-
ing this shell to Lamarck’s Murex rarispina ; but the mis-
chievous tendency of an observation in reference to it by
M. Kiener must be exposed. It it stated by that author
June 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XXI.
that “the varieties of the Murex rarispina are very numer-
ous, and have served for the establishment of several spe-
cies which cannot be preserved, such as the MV. plicatus,
pliciferus, and Mindanensis.” It is only necessary to refer
my readers to the descriptions and figures of those species
to show that M. Kiener must have been totally unacquainted
with them, for their specific characters are really determin-
able at a glance.
Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex puicatus. Mur. testdé, abbreviato-claveformi,
crassiusculd, transversim nodoso-lirata, longitudinaliter
plicata ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinosis,
spinis brevibus, obtusis ; canali subelongato, recto, tri-
fariam spinoso, spinis obesis, longioribus ; fuscescente,
purpureo-cinereo tincta et fasciata.
Tue pLicaTtED Murex. Shell abbreviately club-shaped,
rather thick, transversely nodosely ridged, longitudi-
nally plicated, three-varicose, varices round, spinous,
spines short, obtuse; canal somewhat elongated ;
straight, armed with three rows of stout longer spines;
pale brown, tinged and banded with purple ash
colour.
SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Gulf of Nicoiyo (found in coarse sand at the depth
of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming.
No two species of a group could be pronounced to be
more truly distinct than this and the Murex rarispina.
The latter is a ight delicately formed shell, distinguished
bythe prominent developement of the extreme anterior spine
of each varix over the rest which are very short, irregular,
and scale-like; the latter is a shell of rather rude obtuse
structure, in which the spines are stout and solid, and exhibit
this peculiarity of distribution,—that whilst upon the va-
rices they are extremely short and in some cases almost ob-
solete, upon the canal they are comparatively long.
Murex. Fi. XM
G.B.S. delet lith .
MUREX.
Puate XXII.
Species 97. (Fig. 87, H.M. The King of Denmark.)
MvreEx TRIGONULUS. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, cur-
vata, transversim nodoso-liratd, ad basem striata et cos-
tata, longitudinaliter plicata ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus tuberculiferis, ad basem plicato-laminatis ; canali
subelongato-recurvo ; lutescente-alba, roseo tincta et ne-
bulosé, macularum quadratarum fuscescentium seriebus
duabus ornata.
THE TRIANGULAR Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
curved, transversely nodosely ridged, striated and
ribbed at the base, longitudinally plicated; three-va-
ricose, varices tuberculiferous, plicately laminated at
the base; canal somewhat elongately recurved; yel-
lowish white, stained and clouded with pink, orna-
mented with two rows of square pale brown spots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix.p.581.
Hab. Red Sea.
This important shell, from the private collection of
H.M. The King of Denmark at Copenhagen, is the only
example of the species that I have seen with the canal
properly developed. Those figured by Sowerby, Kiener,
and in the ‘ Encyclopédie Meéthodique,’ being worn spe-
cimens, and all having the delicate recurved canal posi-
tively broken off. It may be recognised by the character-
istic plicated lamina into which the varices terminate at
the base, and by its strong scarlet-pink colouring.
It may be as well to repeat that the Murices trigueter
and ¢rigonulus are figured in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’
and by Kiener, the one for the other.
Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex moracitia. Maur. testé claveformi, crassiusculd,
transversim liratd, liris angustis, subnodosis, tuberculis
prominentibus inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
ctbus rotundis, spind brevi acuté antice armatd, posticé
laminataé et spinoso-squamaté ; canali attenuato, late-
raliter recurvo ; albicante, maculis fasciisque rufo-fuscis
profuse tinctd.
THE wacTain Murex. Shell club-shaped, rather thick,
transversely ridged, ridges narrow, slightly nodose,
with two prominent tubercles between the varices ;
three-varicose, varices round, armed anteriorly with a
sharp short spine, posteriorly laminated and spinosely
sealed; canal attenuated, laterally recurved ; whitish,
profusely stained with reddish brown bands and
blotches.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 163. f. 1563.
Murex imotacilla, var. b, Lamarck.
Hab. Senegal.
The shell which Lamarck describes for the Murex mota-
cilla of Chemnitz, is one of very opposite character, now
known to conchologists as the Murex elegans ; his var. 6.
is the true species.
Mr. Sowerby described the Murex elegans in the ‘ Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1840, and figured
it in his ‘Conchological Illustrations,’ f. 84, without dis-
covering it to be Lamarck’s Murex motacilla. He more-
over published a drawing of another shell at Fig. 69, as a
variety of Murex motacilla, which has little or no affinity
with it, and which I propose to distinguish by the new
title of Murex articulatus.
M. Kiener very properly distinguishes, and correctly
figures, the Murices elegans and motacilla, confounded to-
gether by Lamarck; but ludicrously applies to his MZ. mo-
tacilla the description which Lamarck drew up from the
now called MZ. elegans.
Species 89. (Mus. Brit.)
Murex scotopax. Mur. test@ elongato-claveformi, levi,
aut transversim obsolete striata et liratd, liris distan-
tibus ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis so-
lidiusculis, subdistantibus, sursum inclinatis; canali
sexfariam spinoso, seriebus alternis spinis fortibus lon-
gissimis, horizontalibus, alternis spinis minutis erectis ;
albicante, liris transversis conspicue aurantio-fuscis.
THE woopcock Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
smooth or transversely obsoletely striated and ridged,
ridges distant ; three-varicose, varices spinous, spines
rather solid, somewhat distant, bent upwards ; canal
armed with six rows of spines, one row with the spines
strong, very long, and horizontal, alternating with
the other, having the spines minute and erect ; whitish,
transverse ridges conspicuously coloured with orange-
brown.
Ditutwyn, Descriptive Catalogue of Shells, vol. ii. p. 681,
Murex, no. 3.
Hah. Persian Gulf.
This species may be distinguished, amongst other cha-
racters, by the narrow transverse orange-brown bands.
June 1845.
MUREX.—Prare XXII.
Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex messorius. Mur. testdé claveformi, transversim
tuberculatd et nodosd, interstitiis leviter corrugatis ;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, tuberculato-liratis,
spinis tribus acutissimis armatis, und anticd brevi, dua-
bus posticis longioribus curvatis ; canalt subelongato ;
olivaced, rufo-fusco. minutissime et densissime undatd ;
columella labroque intus dentato-corrugatis.
THr REAPING-HOOK Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans-
versely tuberculated and noduled, interstices shghtly
wrinkled ; three-varicose, varices round, tubercularly
ridged, armed with three very sharp spines, one an-
terior, short, two posterior, longer, curved; canal
rather elongated; olive, very minutely and thickly
waved with reddish brown; columella and lip den-
tately wrinkled within.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Dus. f. 98.
Hab. ?
The painting and sculpture of this species approximates
very closely to that of the Murex chrysostoma, except in
the absence of the bright rufous-orange colour of the
columella. In form it is smaller, more erect, and an-
| gulated.
Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rectirostris. Mur. testé claveformi, spire su-
turis excavatis ; transversim elevato-striatd, longitudi-
naliter noduloso-costata ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
rotundis, pone excavatis, spind unicd, brevi, acuta, an-
tice armatis ; canali elongato, recto ; fuscescente, fusco
maculato-fasciata.
THE STRAIGHT-BEAK Murex. Shell club-shaped, sutures
of the spire excavated, transversely elevately striated,
longitudinally nodulously ribbed; three-varicose, va-
rices round, excavated behind, armed anteriorly with
a single short sharp spine; canal elongated, straight ;
pale brown, banded in a blotchy manner with darker
brown.
| Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Xipixapi, West Colombia (dredged from sandy mud
at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming.
Well characterised by its straight erect growth, pale
brown colouring, and other minor peculiarities.
.
Murex, Pl. AY.
N)
ay
FWY
RB & Ramp.
GB. 8S. del et th
MUREX.
Prats XXIII.
Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX NIGRESCENS.
liratd, liris angustis, prominentibus, longitudinaliter
nodoso-costatis ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis,
solidis, nodiferis, spinis perpaucis minutis subobscuris
inferne munitis; nigrescente-olivaced, fasciis duabus
nigris pictd ; canali elongato.
THE BLACKISH Murex. Shell club-shaped, transversely
ridged, ridges narrow, prominent, longitudinally no-
dosely ribbed; three-varicose, varices round, solid,
nodiferous, with a very few rather obscure minute
spines at the lower part ; blackish-olive, painted with
two black bands; canal elongated.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia (found in sandy mud at
the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming.
Mur. testé claveformi, transversim
This species, although closely approximating to the
Murex recurvirostris, exhibits differences which may be re-
cognised by careful comparison ; it it more ventricose, and
the spire more elevated.
Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex apunco-spinosus. Mur. testd claveformi, trans-
versim fortiter liratd, longitudinaliter plicato-costata ;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spinis fortibus
breviusculis leviter aduncis, spinis minutis intervenien-
tibus, armatis ; lutescente-fuscd ; canali elongato, su-
perne spinoso.
THE HOOKED-sPINE Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans-
versely strongly ridged, longitudinally plicately rib-
bed ; three-varicose, varices round, armed with rather
short, strong, slightly hooked spines, with minute
spines intervening ; yellowish-brown ; canal elongated,
spinous at the upper part.
Beck ; Murew ternispina, var., Sowerby, Conch, Mus. Cat.,
Murices, no. 2. f. 68.
Hab, Phihppine Islands ; Cuming.
The leading characteristic features of this shell are so
peculiar and constant that I am induced to follow Dr. Beck
"in arranging it as a species distinct from the Murex terni-
spina. The spines are shorter, the ridges are much more
strongly nodwlous, and all the examples I have seen are of
a certain brownish yellow colour.
Species 94. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex tumutosus. Mur. testd elongato-claveformi, trans-
versim subgranoso-liratd et striatd, spird depress, su-
turis profunde excavatis, subcavernosis, apice acumi-
nato ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, pone
excavatis, tribus vel quaternis ultimis spinis squame-
Sormibus duabus breviusculis divergentibus armatis ;
lutescente, aurantio-fusco hic illic tinctd et maculata ;
canali longissimo, recto, spiraliter spinoso.
Tue tumuLous Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely somewhat granosely ridged and striated,
spire depressed, sutures deep, excavated, somewhat
cavernous, apex acuminated; seven-varicose, varices
round, excavated behind, the three or four last varices
armed with a diverging pair of rather short scale-like
spines ; yellowish, stained and spotted here and there
with orange-brown ; canal very long, straight, spirally
spinous.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. ?
I quite agree with Mr. Sowerby in his estimation of this
unique and valuable species; a hybrid, as it were, between
the Murices cornutus and brandaris, but presenting an as-
semblage of peculiarities distinct from either.
M. Kiener asserts that this shell is merely a variety of
the Murer cornutus, but I cannot see what right he has to
question the validity of any of those species described in
the ** Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” which he has
never had an opportunity of seeing.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex wavstettum. Mur. testi elongato-claveformi,
transversin striata, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicata ;
trivaricosd, varicibus rotundis, muticis ; fuscescente,
lineis spadiceis cingulatd ; varicibus maculis quadratis
nigricante-fuscis ornatis, col unella labroque rubentibus ;
canali longissimo, gracili, spinis squamaformibus bre-
vibus perpaucis superne munito ; apertura rotundato-
ovata.
THE SNIPE’s HEAD Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped,
transversely striated, longitudinally nodosely plicated ;
three-varicose, varices round, spineless ; pale brown,
encircled with rusty-brown lines, varices ornamented
August 1845.
MUREX.—Piare XXIII.
with square blackish-brown spots, lip and columella
red; canal very long, slender, furnished at the upper
part with a very few short scale-like spines ; aperture
rotundately ovate.
Linyvus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214.
Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &e.
This well-known species is found abundantly through-
out the regions of the Hast. The magnificent specimen
here figured was collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philip-
pine Islands.
Species 96. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex Branparis. ur. testé claveformi, transversim
subirregulariter liratd et striata ; seafariam varicosé,
varicibus planulatis, nune muticis et tuberculatis, nunc
spinis squameformibus duabus breviusculis divergentibus
armatis ; luteo-fuscescente, columella et aperture fauce
lutescentibus ; columellé sepe latissimé inflata ; canali
subelongato.
THE STRAIT-SPINED Murex. Shell club-shaped, trans-
versely somewhat irregularly ridged and striated ; six-
varicose, varices flattened, spineless and tubercled,
sometimes armed with two rather short diverging
seale-like spines ; yellowish-brown, columella and in-
terior of the aperture yellowish ; columella often very
widely inflated; canal rather elongated.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1214.
Hab. Mediterranean.
This well-known Mediterranean species, like its fellow-
inhabitant the Murex trunculus, is extremely variable in
its growth, examples being frequently seen without a sin-
gle spine.
RB & R imp
del et th
CBS
(
MUREX.
Puate XXIV.
Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex sEcunpus. Mur. testa subpyriformi-ovatd, trans-
versim liratd, scabrosd, spird brevi, cavernosa ; quin-
quefariam varicosd, varice ultimo dilatato, planifron-
doso, frondibus numerosis, confertis, canaliculatis ; alba,
nigricante-fusco tincta ; canali breviusculo, planulato.
THE NEXT-ALLIED Murex. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, transversely ridged, scabrous, spire short, ca-
vernous ; five-varicose, last varix dilated, flatly fron-
dose, fronds numerous, close-set, canaliculated ; white,
stained with blackish brown; canal rather short,
flattened.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix. p.586.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the sands) ;
Cuming.
This is the “ next-allied”” species to the Murex scorpio ;
from which it differs in the spire not being deeply sutured,
more like that of the Murer rota, and in the marginal va-
rix having none of the large palmated fronds.
Species 98. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX SALEBROSUS.
ruleformi, scabrosi, spird interdum brevi, interdum
Mur. testa elongato-ovata, sub-Py-
elata, angulato-turritd ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus
undato-laminatis, nonnullis sepé obsoletis ; anfractibus
superne plus minusve angulatis, ad angulum irregula-
riter obtuse nodosis ; fuscescente, fusco fasciatd ; aper-
turd subangusta, alba, columelldé labroque aurantio-ru-
bris, labro dentato ; canali brevi.
THE RUGGED Murex. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat
Pyrula-shaped, rough, spire sometimes short, some-
times elevated, angularly turreted; six-varicose, va-
rices undulately laminated, some often obsolete ;
whorls more or less angulated at the upper part,
irregularly obtusely noduled at the angle; pale brown,
banded with dark brown, aperture rather narrow,
white, lip and columella orange-red, lip toothed ; ca-
nal short.
Kine, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 347.
SoweErsy, Conch. Mlus., f. 48.
Murex vitulinus, var., Gray. Beechey’s Voyage, p.108.
pl. 33. f. 4 and 6.
Hab. Panama (found under stones) ; Cuming.
IT cannot agree with Mr. Gray in regarding this shell, of
which numerous specimens are to be found, as a variety of
the Murex vitulinus. It is of extremely variable growth,
as the specimens selected for illustration show, but they
all exhibit one uniform peculiarity of character.
Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ELEGANS. Mur. testd contorto-claveformi, crassi-
usculd, transversin liratd, liris angustis, ad summitatem
minute granoso-funiculatis ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus rotundis, hic illic obscuré spinoso-plicatis ; alba,
Suniculis transversis nitide castaneo-fuscis ; canali lon-
giusculo, gracili, oblique contorto.
Tub ELEGANT Murex. Shell contortly club-shaped, ra-
ther thick, transversely ridged, ridges narrow, mi-
nutely granulously corded; three-varicose, varices
round, here and there obscurely spinously plicated ;
white, transverse cords bright chesnut brown; canal
rather long, slender, obliquely contorted.
Beck ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Murices, no. 19. f. 84.
Hab, \sland of St. Domingo, West Indies.
Easily distinguished by its peculiarly contorted growth,
and the neat appearance of its entire surface being crossed
by a series of equi-distant fine brown thread-like cords.
Species 100. (Mus. Brit.)
Murex catcar. Mur. testa trigono-fusiformi, transversim
liratd, liris alternis majoribus, interstitiis, subscabrosis,
costis nodoso-plicatis tribus longitudinalibus inter va-
rices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus peculiariter fimbri-
ato-laminatis, spind longiusculd recurvd superne arma-
tis ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco hic illie pallide tincté ; ca-
nali mediocri.
Tue spur Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, trans-
versely ridged, alternate ridges the larger, interstices
somewhat scabrous ; with three longitudinal nodosely
plicated ribs between the varices ; three-varicose, va-
rices peculiarly fimbriately laminated, armed at the
upper part with a rather long recurved spine ; white,
palely tinged here and there with rusty brown; canal
middling.
August 1845.
MUREX.—Ptatr XXIV.
Krener, Icon. Coq. vivantes, p. 107. pl. 36. f. 2.
Murex Senegalensis, var., Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 61.
Hab. >
This shell approximates very closely to the Murex Sene-
galensis, but I still think with M. Kiener that it may be
distinguished as a species ; the horn-like spines are longer,
and they are webbed at the base with a delicate lamina,
which in the Murea Senegalensis is folded down, as it were,
upon the varix.
Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.)
MuREX SENEGALENSIS. Mur. trigono-fusiformi, trans-
versim lirata, liris numerosis confertis, interstitiis mi-
nute scabrosis, tuberculis duobus grandibus inter varices;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundis, spind breviusculé
recurva ad angulum armatis ; livido-fuscé ; canali
mediocri.
Tue Senecat Murex, Shell triangularly fusiform, trans-
versely ridged, ridges numerous, close-set, interstices
minutely scabrous, with two large tubercles between
the varices ; three-varicose, varices round, armed with
a rather short recurved spine at the angle; livid
brown ; canal middling.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat., p. 3537.
Le Sirat, Adanson, Voy. en Sénégal, pl. 8. f. 19.
Hab, Senegal; Brazil.
Lamarck appears to have omitted mention of this spe-
cies, and referred to Adanson’s figure of it for the illustration
of his Murex anguliferis.
RB&R amp
Murex PL XX.
“tee = 2
vw? : 3 ep)
r Sy ~
ey
+B
gi Noa
MUREX.
Prats XXV.
Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Purpura. Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, basem versus
attenuata, scabra ; septifariam vel octofariam varicosd,
varicibus obtuso-nodosis ; aurantio-lutescente, varicum
partibus inferioribus nodisque nigricantibus ; apertura
pyriformi-ovatd ; labro intus denticulato.
Tue Purpura Murex. Shell ovately oblong, attenuated
towards the base, rough; seven- or eight-varicose,
varices obtusely nodose ; orange-yellow, nodules and
lower parts of the varices blackish ; aperture pyri-
formly ovate; lip denticulated within.
CuEmn1Tz, Conchylien Cab., vol. x. pl. 161. f. 1552-5.
Murex miliaris, Gmelin.
Murex vitulinus, Lamarck.
Hab. West Coast of Africa.
The entire surface of this shell is peculiarly rough and
scabrous, and the varices are distinguished by their large
blunt rounded nodules.
Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex trivineatus. Mur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi,
utringue attenuata, solidiusculd, transversim regulariter
liratd, longitudinaliter plicato-costatd ; trifariam vari-
cost, varicibus rotundis, spinis brevissimis squamefor-
mibus hie illic armatis ; albd, Jilis castaneo-fuscis tri-
bus distantibus transversim lineatd ; aperturd rotunda,
labro intus denticulato-striato ; canali longiusculo, gra-
cili, ascendente.
TRILINEATED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform,
attenuated at both ends, rather solid, transversely re-
gularly ridged ; longitudinally plicately ribbed ; three-
varicose, varices round, armed here and there with
very short scale-like spines; white, encircled with
three distant chesnut-brown thread-like lines ; aper-
ture round, lip denticulately striated within, canal
rather long, slender, ascending.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Gulf of Mexico.
A white shell, distinguished by three brown thread-like
cords crossing it at rather distant intervals.
THE
Species 104. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Murex concinnus. Mur. testd elongato-clavaformi, longi-
tudinaliter subobsolete plicato-costatd, transversim evi-
mie liratd, lirarum interstitiis minutissime squamatis ;
trivaricosd, varicibus spinosis, spinis breviusculis gra-
cilibus erectis acutis; pallid? fuscescente, filis castaneo-
fuscis, quarum tribus saturatioribus, cingulatd ; canali
gracili, longissimo, recto, superné spinoso.
THE NEAT Murex. Shell elongately club-shaped, lon-
gitudinally rather obsoletely plicately ribbed, trans-
versely delicately ridged, interstices between the ridges
very minutely scaled ; three-varicose, varices spinous,
spines rather short, slender, erect, sharp ; pale light
brown, encireled with chesnut-brown thread-like lines,
three of which are of deeper colour than the remain-
der ; canal slender, very long, straight, spinous at the
upper part.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
An extremely delicate and elegantly formed shell in which
the coloured thread-like lines, as in the preceding species,
of another form, are very characteristic.
Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex rota.
solete scabrosd, spira brevi, cavernosa; septifariam vari-
Mur. testa oblongo-ovaté, levigatd aut ob-
cosa, varicibus quaternis quinisve ultimis frondibus pla-
nis canaliculatis, ad apicem dilatatis et peculiariter
palmatis, ornatis ; nived ; canali breviusculo.
THE WATER-WHEEL Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth
or obsoletely scabrous, spire short, cavernous ; seven-
varicose, last four or five varices ornamented with flat
canaliculated fronds, dilated and peculiarly palmated
at the summit; snowy white; canal rather short.
Sowerrsy, Conch. Illus. Cat. Murices, no. 73. f. 119.
Hab. Molueca and Philippine Islands.
It is strange that this well-known species should not
have been distinguished either by Lamarck or Deshayes.
It differs from the Murex scorpio not only in having four
or five of the varices handsomely palmated, but is of a dif-
ferent form ; the body whorl being fuller and not separated
from the penultimate whorl by so deep a suture; the canal
moreover is shorter
August 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XXV.
Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex scorpio. Mur. testé elongato-ovatd, gracili, sub-
fusiform, spird brevi, suturis profundis et latis ; quin-
quefariam varicosd ; varice ultimo frondibus planis ca-
naliculatis, ad apicem dilatatis et peculiariter palmatis,
ornato ; nigricante-fuscd, interdum alba; apertura
parva ; canali longiusculo, frondoso.
THE scorpion Murex. Shell elongately ovate, slender,
somewhat fusiform, spire short, sutures very deep
and broad ; five-varicose, last whorl ornamented with
flat canaliculated fronds, dilated and peculiarly pal-
mated at the summit; blackish-brown, sometimes
white; aperture small; canal rather long, frondose.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 12th edit., p. 1215.
Hab. Molucea and Philippine Islands.
It cannot be denied that a very close affinity exists be-
tween this and the preceding species; but it may be as-
serted without hesitation, that the differences are positive
and constant. In addition to those already enumerated,
it may be observed, that the varices are always fewer in
number, and the last two or three are entirely separated
from the penultimate whorl by the deep wide suture.
Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex nopatus. Mur. testa abbreviato-fusiformi, subclava-
ta, utrinque attenuata, longitudinaliter subplicatd, trans-
versim liratd, liris nodiferis ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus rotundis, spinis brevibus acutis armatis ; luteo-
Suscescente, lineis fuscis inter nodos cingulatd ; canali
longiusculo, gracili, oblique ascendente.
THE KNoTTED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, clavate,
attenuated at both ends, longitudinally subplicated,
transversely ridged, ridges nodiferous ; three-varicose,
varices round, armed with sharp small spines; yel-
lowish-brown, encircled between the nodules with
brown lines; canal rather long, obliquely ascending.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
This shell was figured in the Conchological Iustrations
by Mr. Sowerby, as a variety of the Murex motacilla, with
which species he was probably not at the time acquainted,
as it bears little or no affinity with it.
Species 108. (Mus. Saul.)
Morex stmiuis. Mur. testdé abbreviato-fusiformi, spird
subturritd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, transversim
obsolete striatis, tuberculis tribus nodiferis inter varices ;
trifariam varicosd, varicibus spinis brevissimis acutis
armatis ; luteo-albicante, fasciis duabus aurantio-fus-
cescentibus latiusculis distantibus cingulatd ; apertura
rotundato-ovata, labro columellari subconspicuo ; canali
longiusculo, oblique ascendente.
THE stuiLaR Murex. Shell abbreviately fusiform, spire
somewhat turreted, whorls a little angulated at the
upper part, transversely obsoletely striated, with three
nodiferous tubercles between the varices ; three-vari-
cose, varices armed with very short sharp spines;
yellowish white, encircled with two rather wide orange-
brown bands; aperture rotundately ovate, columellar
lip rather conspicuous ; canal rather long, obliquely
ascending.
SowrErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. ?
This is a very excellent species, and perfectly distinct
from the preceding, a comparison with which is recorded
by Mr. Sowerby in the Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 140,
under the impression of its being the Murex motacilla.
q
712
ump
R,B&R
718
del et Lith.
GBS,
MUREX.
Puate XXVI.
Species 109. (Mus. Belcher.)
MUREX GYRATUS.
minutis, numerosis, eleganter crenatis, undique sculpta ;
Mur. testa fusiformi, costis transversis
spiré acuminato-turritd ; anfractibus superné depressis,
medio carinatis, carind prominente, plano-convexd, cre-
nati ; albicante; canali subrecurvo.
THE TURNED Murex. Shell fusiform, sculptured through-
out with numerous minute elegantly crenated trans-
verse ribs; spire acuminately turreted; whorls de-
pressed at the upper part, keeled round the middle,
keel prominent, flatly convex, crenated ; whitish ; ca-
nal a little curved
Trophon gyratus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. H. M.S. Sul-
phur, p. 14. pl. 1. f. 14, 15.
Hab. Straits of Macassar (found in course sand at the
depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming.
The entire surface of this shell is crossed with fine deli-
cately crenulated ribs.
Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Buainvinir. Mur. testd subcylindraceo-ovata,
transversim elevato-striatd ; seafariam vel septifariam
varicosd, varicibus obscure squamatis aut nodulosis ;
fused aut fusco-rubente, interdum albifasciatd, aperture
fauce violascente ; columellé basem versus leviter pli-
cata, labro intus noduloso ; canali brevissimo.
Buarnvitte’s Murex. Shell somewhat cylindrically
ovate, transversely elevately striated ; six- or seven-
varicose, varices obscurely scaled or noduled ; brown
or brownish-red, sometimes banded with white, inte-
rior of the aperture violet ; columella shghtly plaited
towards the base, lip noduled within ; canal very short.
PaYRANDEAU, Cat. Moll. de la Corse, pl. 7. f. 17, 18.
Murex cristatus, var., Philippi.
Hab. Sicily.
It is true that this species presents merely a modified
growth of the Murew cristatus, but that modification is of
so marked a character that I have maintained Payrandeau’s
distinction.
Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pipsacus. Mur. testa fusiformi, spird angulato-
turritd, septifariam vel octofariam varicosd, varicibus
frondosis, frondibus squameformibus, brevibus, nume-
rosis, varicum interstitiis, elevato-liratis, quasi cancel-
latis ; albida, fascid unicd fuscescente indistinct pictd ;
canali breviusculo.
Tue TEASLE Murex. Shell fusiform, spire angularly tuwr-
reted; seven- or eight-varicose, varices frondose,
fronds scale-like, short, numerous, interstices between
the varices elevately ridged, as if cancellated ; whitish,
indistinctly painted with a single light brown band ;
canal rather short.
Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 194.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (from a rocky bottom at
the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming.
A beautifully formed shell in which the sculpture is laid
in most symmetrical order.
Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex cristatus. Mur. testa oblongo-ovatd, transversim
liratd ; anfractibus superné subdepresso-angulatis, sep-
tifariam varicosis, varicibus squamosis, squanis promi-
nentibus solidiusculis; albieante, roseo aut rubente
tinctd ; columellé basem versus leviter plicatd ; labro
intus noduloso ; canali brevissimo.
Tue cresteD Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely
ridged; whorls somewhat depressly angulated at the
upper part, seven-varicose, varices squamate, scales
prominent, rather solid; whitish, stained with pink
or red; columella slightly plicated towards the base ;
lip nodulous within; canal very short.
Broccut, Conch. Foss., p. 394. pl. 7. f. 15.
Hab. Sicily.
The main distinction between this species and the Murex
Blainvilii consists in the upper portion of the whorls being
more angularly turreted, and the fronds much more pro-
minently developed.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Lepipus. Mur. testd oblongo-ovatd, transversim
liratd, Uiris convevis, subirregularibus, confertis ; octo-
fariam varicosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus brevibus
confertis ; albidd, frondibus nigricantibus ; canali bre-
viusculo.
Tue pretty Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely
ridged, ridges convex, somewhat irregular, close-set ;
eight-varicose, varices frondose, fronds short, deli-
cate, close-set ; whitish, fronds blackish ; canal rather
short.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
August 1845.
MUREX.—Ptate XXVI.
The fronds are of a blackish-brown colour, whilst the
remaining parts of the shell are pale greenish or blueish
white.
Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex restivus. Mur. testdé oblongo-fusiformi, crassi-
usculd, transversim lineari-sulcatd, interstitiis lirisque
intervenientibus minute granulatis ; trivaricosd, vari-
cibus, incrassato-laminatis, recurvis, superne cristatis ;
fulvescente, lineis fuscis subgeminis cingulatd ; aper-
turd pared ; canali breviusculo.
Tue restive Murex. Shell oblong-fusiform, rather
thick, transversely linearly-grooved, grooves and in-
tervening ridges minutely granulated ; three-varicose,
varices forming a recurved thickened lamina, crested
at the upper part; pale fulvous brown, encircled with
fine brown thread-like lines; aperture small; canal
rather short.
Hrs, Mollusca, Voy. H.M.S. Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. £.13, 14.
Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy
floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds.
This species may be easily known by the peculiarly re-
curved structure of the varices.
Species 115. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex Laquzatus.
attenuata, transversim undique costatd, costis levigatis,
Mur. testa trigono-ovatd, utrinque
tuberculo magno inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus
Jinbriato-laminatis, quasi laqueatis ; alba, roseo tinctd ;
apertura pared, canali breviusculo.
THE CHANNELLED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, at-
tenuated at both ends, transversely ribbed through-
out, ribs smooth, with a large tubercle between the
varices ; three-varicose, varices fimbriately laminated,
as if channelled; white, tinged with pink; aperture
small, canal rather short.
SoweRBy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. ?
The varices of this shell are composed of a regularly
channelled frill to which I know of no similar structure in
any other species. It has little or no affinity with the
Murex tripterus.
Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex DUBIUS.
subtiliter elevato-striatd ; anfractibus superne angulatis,
Mur. testé oblongo-ovatd, transversim
septifariam varicosis, varicibus squamatis, squamis so-
Uidiusculis, ad angulum grandibus prominentibus, infra
gradatin minoribus ; albidé, nigricante-fusco varia ;
labro intus noduloso, canali brevissimo.
Tue poustruL Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely
finely elevately striated; whorls angulated at the
upper part, seven-varicose, varices squamate, scales
rather solid, large and prominent at the angle, gra-
dually smaller beneath; whitish, variegated with
blackish brown ; lip nodulous within, canal very short.
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 23.
Murex aculeatus, Wood (not of Lamarck.)
Hab, Panama; Cuming.
An aberrant species of Murex scarcely coming within
the generic limit of the group.
Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX LAMINIFERUS.
turritd ; anfractibus ventricosis, superné angulatis,
octofariam varicosis, varicibus simplicibus laminatis,
interstitiis costatis, quasi cancellatis ; albicante, balteo
Mur. testé ovata, spiré angulato-
angusto unico fuscescente superné cingulatd ; canali
brevi.
THE LAMINIFEROUS Murex. Shell ovate, spire angu-
larly turreted; whorls ventricose, angulated round
the upper part; eight-varicose, varices simple, lami-
nated, interstices ribbed, as if cancellated; whitish,
encircled round the upper part with a single narrow
brown belt; canal short.
ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ——?
The ventricose growth of this shell is a little peculiar.
Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Tetraconus. Mur. testd subrotundato-ovaté,
spira interdum subpyramidal ; tranversim costatd, cos-
tis foraminatis, interstitiis confertim cancellatis ; quad-
rifariam varicosd, varicibus solidis, rotundatis, pone
cavernosis ; albd ; canali brevi, ascendente, peculiariter
abrupte recurvo.
THE QUADRANGULAR Murex. Shell somewhat rotun-
dately ovate, spire sometimes pyramidal ; transversely
ribbed, ribs pierced with holes, interstices closely
cancellated ; four-varicose, varices solid, rounded, ca-
vernous behind ; white; canal short, ascending, pecu-
liarly abruptly curved back.
Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Eadem. Murex breviculus, Sowerby, Conch. Il., f. 37.
9
Hab.
T cannot discover any specific difference between the
Murices tetragonus and brevieulus; it is a species in which
the growth is more pyramidal in some examples than in
others, but the sculpture is invariable the same.
Murex.. Pe AXVET.
G- B.S. del et hth. RB & B,amp
MUREX.
Puate XXVII.
Species 119. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex HAMATUS. Mur. testd ovatd, basem versus subat-
tenuati, anfractibus superné angulatis, sexfariam vari-
cosis, varicibus alatis, laciniis retrorsum hamatis, inter-
stitiis transversim costatis, areis quadratis formantibus ;
pallide luteo-fuscescente; labro dente parvo inferné
munito ; canali breviusculo.
THE HOOKED Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat attenuated
towards the base, whorls angulated at the upper part,
six-varicose, varices winged, lappets hooked back-
wards, interstices transversely ribbed, forming square
areas ; pale yellowish brown; lip furnished at the
lower part with a small tooth ; canal rather short.
Hinps, Mollusca Voy. H. M.8. Sulphur, p.8. pl.3. f.11,12.
Hab. Bay of Guayaquil (dredged from a muddy floor at
the depth of twenty-one fathoms) ; Hinds.
An interesting new species bearing some distant affinity
with the Murex monoceros.
Species 120. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.)
Morex nexaconus. Mur. testa fusiformi-ovatd, hexa-
gond, anfractibus superné subangulatis, sexfariam vari-
cosis, varicibus spinis aculeiformibus armatis, varicum
interstitiis transversim liratis, areis concavis oblongo-
quadratis formantibus ; lutescente, spinis interdum ro-
seo-purpurascentibus ; canali subelongato.
THE HEXAGONAL Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, six-
sided, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part,
six-varicose, varices armed with prickle-like spines,
interstices between the varices transversely grooved,
forming oblong-quadrate concave areas; yellowish,
spines sometimes rose-purple ; canal rather elongated.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.ix.p.585.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies.
In some examples of this excellently defined species the
prickle-like spines are of a beautiful rose-purple colour,
Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX LINGUA-VERVECINA. Mur. testd subpyriformi-
ovatd, levigatd, aut peculiariter scabrosd, inferne con-
tractd, spird brevi, acuta ; anfractibus superné depresso-
cavernosis, trivaricosis, varicibus laminatis, varicum
interstitiis obtuso-costatis, tuberculo magno rotundato ;
‘alba, nigricante-fusco sepe tinctd et variegatd ; canali
breviusculo, attenuato.
THE sHEnP’s TONGUE Murex. Shell somewhat pyri-
formly ovate, smooth, or peculiarly scabrous, con-
tracted at the lower part ; spire short, sharp; whorls
depressly cavernous at the upper part, three-varicose,
varices laminated, interstices between the varices ob-
tusely ribbed, with a large rounded tubercle; white,
often stained and variegated with blackish brown ;
canal rather short. attenuated.
Cummnitz, Conch. Cab. y. 10. pl. 161. f. 1540-1.
Le Jaton, Adanson.
Murex gibbosus, Lamarck.
Murex lingua, Dillwyn.
Hab. Island of Goree, West Africa (dredged from sandy
mud at a depth of about thirty fathoms); Belcher.
This is truly Le Jaton of Adanson; the shell figured by
Sowerby, under the corrupt name Jatonus, in the Concho-
logical Iustrations, Fig. 60, is the Murex hemitripterus, a
species perfectly distinct, as will be seen by the description
following this, and the figure to which it refers,
I adopt Chemnitz’s name for Le Jaton in full, because
I see no objection to the introduction of compound speci-
fic names when they involve one idea; and we have already
several acknowledged precedents, ex. gr. awris-Mide, caput-
serpentis, pellis-serpentis, Se.
Species 122. (Maus. Saul.)
Murex uumirriprerus. Mur. testé trigono-pyriformi,
basem versus gradatim attenuata, crassiusculd, trans-
versim obtuso-costatd, tuberculo magno inter varices,
spird brevi, angulato-turritd ; anfractibus superné an-
gulato-depressis, trivaricosis, varicibus solidiusculis,
obtuso-costatis ; albidd, carneo-fuscescente varid ; canali
breviusculo.
THe HEMITRIPTEROUS Murex. Shell triangularly pyri-
form gradually attenuated towards the base, thick,
transversely obtusely ribbed, with a large tubercle
between the varices; spire short, angularly turreted ;
whorls angularly depressed at the upper part, three-
varicose, varices rather solid, obtusely ribbed ; whitish,
variegated with flesh-tinted brown; canal rather short.
August 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XXVII.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.),vol.ix.p.579.
Murex gibbosus, young, Kiener.
Murex Jatonus, Sowerby (not Le Jaton, Adanson).
Hab. >
Mr. Sowerby and M. Kiener have greatly erred in con-
founding this with the preceding species; they are well
distinguished by Lamarck, Deshayes, and also in the ac-
companying figures.
Species 123. (Maus. Saul).
Murex macropTeron. Mur. testé elongato-fusiformi,
solidiusculd, transversim obsolete striatd, tuberculo pro-
minente inter varices, spird trigono-acuminato, trivari-
cosd, varicibus alatis, ultimo latissimé plano-expanso,
quadrilobato, superficie interné undato-scabrosd ; cor-
neo-fuscescente ; apertura ovatd, margine producto ;
canali longo, clauso.
THE EXPANDED-WINGED Murex. Shell elongately fusi-
form, rather solid, transversely obsoletely striated,
with a prominent tubercle between the varices,
spire triangularly acuminated ; three-varicose, varices
winged, last varix very widely flatly expanded, four-
lobed, inner surface undately scabrous ; horny brown ;
aperture ovate, edge produced all round ; canal long,
closed.
Desuayens, Guerin’s Mag. de Zoologie, 1841. pl. 38.
Hab. p
This is certainly a most interesting and remarkable
species; the example here figured from the collection of
Miss Saul, is, I believe, the only one in this country.
* For a more elaborate description I refer the reader
to M. Deshayes’s account of it, in his edition of Lamarck’s
Anim. sans vert. v. ix. p. 606-7.
Species 124. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex FISCELLUM.
spirad breviusculd ; anfractibus superne subangulatis,
octofariam varicosis, varicibus rotundatis incrassatis,
costis striis longitudinalibus clathratis ; albidé, viola-
ceo-nigricante tinctd, aperture fauce vivide violaced ;
canali brevi.
THE LITTLE Basket Murex. Shell ovately oblong, thick,
spire rather short; whorls somewhat angulated at
the upper part ; eight-varicose, varices rounded, thick-
ened, close-set, transversely ribbed, ribs latticed with
longitudinal strize; whitish, stained with blackish-
violet, interior of the aperture bright violet; canal
short.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. v. x. pl 160. f. 1524-5.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones
at low water) ; Cuming.
Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, crassa,
The varices are so closely developed in this species as
almost to fall one upon the other.
Murex PLXXVIT
8
TS
PS
meent Brooks Imp
V2
130.
owerby, delet sculp
MUREX.
Prats XXVIII.
Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX CARDUUS.
tenuatd, spirdé mucronata ; anfractibus superné angu-
Mur. testé ovata, utringue acute at-
latis, squamarum varicibus numerosis confertis ornatis,
squamis supremis prominentibus erectis ; alba ; canali
brevi, umbilicato.
THE THISTLE Murex. Shell ovate, sharply attenuated
at both ends, spire pointed; whorls angulated at the
upper part, ornamented with numerous close-set va-
rices of scales, the uppermost of which are prominent
and erect; white, canal short, umbilicated.
BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Pacasmayo, Coast of Peru (dredged from a coral
reef twelve miles from shore at the depth of twenty-
five fathoms) ; Cuming.
An interesting species, belonging to that section of the
Murices which De Montford distinguished by the generic
title of Trophon.
Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.)
MuREX Fascratus.
liratd, interstitiis subtilissime granoso-striatis, tuber-
culo magno inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus
convexis, solidiusculis, costatis ; livido-fuscescente, ob-
seuré fasciatd ; columellé callositate parvd superne
munitd ; canali brevi, clauso.
THE BANDED Murex. Shell ovate, thick, transversely
ridged, interstices very finely granosely striated, with
a large tubercle between the varices; three-varicose,
varices convex, rather solid, ribbed; livid brown,
obscurely banded; columella furnished at the upper
part with a small callosity; canal short, close.
SowrRBy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840; Conch. Tus. f. 86.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, west coast of Africa.
Mur. testa ovata, crassa, transversim
A solid Buccinum-like shell, of a dull livid brown colour.
Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex LucuLentus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird
angulato-turritd ; anfractibus superné angulatis, trans-
versim costatis, lamellis fimbriatis frequentibus erectis
longitudinaliter ornatis ; lutescente, fusco tinctd et Jas-
ciatd ; canali breviusculo, umbilicato.
THE BEAUTIFUL Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, spire
angularly turreted; whorls angulated at the upper
part, transversely ribbed, longitudinally ornamented
with frequent erect fimbriated lamelle ; yellowish,
stained and banded with brown; canal rather short,
umbilicated.,
Trophon fimbriatus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. H. M.S. Sulphur,
p. 14. pl. 1. f. 18,19.
Hab. Straits of Macassar (found among sand and gravel
at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Hinds.
The growth of this shell is marked by a beautiful suec-
cession of erect laminze, thrown up, as it were, one from
under the other. The name jimdriatus is occupied by
Lamarck in reference to a species of which we have no
knowledge.
Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex worripus. Maur. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus
superne concavo-depressis, decemfariam varicosis, vari-
cibus rudibus simplicibus, interstitiis costis clathratis,
areis elevato-striatis ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco circa va-
rices tincté ; canali brevi.
Tue roucH Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls concavely
depressed round the upper part, ten-varicose, varices
rude, simple, interstices latticed with ribs, the areas
between which are sculptured with raised strie ;
white, stained about the varices with pale rusty
brown; canal short.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Fusus horridus, Sowerby, Conch. Ilus., f. 29.
Murex Boivinii, Wiener.
Hab. St. Blena and Panama (found in sandy mud at the
depth of from eight to twelve fathoms) ; Cuming.
I regret extremely that M. Kiener should have been
doubly unfortunate in his complimentary endeavours to
record the name of M. Boivin, a distinguished amateur of
Paris, whose courtesy and conchological zeal I have on
more than one occasion experienced ;—the Murex Boivinii
is the Murex horridus, and the Cyprea Boivinii is a well-
known variety of the Cypraa gangrenosa.
Species 129. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Norrist. Mur. testé subpyriformi-ovaté, basem
versus peculiariter attenuatd et recurvd, transversim
conspicue costatd et subtilissimé elevato-striatd, spird
August 1845.
MUREX.—Ptatr XXVIII.
breviusculad ; anfractibus superné paululum depressis,
sexfariam varicosis, varicibus frondosis, frondibus gra-
cilibus, elegantissime muricato-ramosis ; alba, frondibus
medianis fuscis ; apertura parva ; canali longiusculo,
ascendente.
Norris’s Murex. Shell somewhat pyniformly ovate,
peculiarly attenuated and curved back towards the
base, transversely conspicuously ribbed and very finely
elevately striated, spire rather short; whorls a little
depressed at the upper part, six-varicose, varices fron-
dose, fronds slender, very elegantly prickly branched ;
white, middle fronds brown; aperture small; canal
rather long, ascending.
Reegve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
Thave much pleasure in dedicating this important species
to Thomas Norris, Esq., in whose cabinet there is ano-
ther equally characteristic specimen. The shell is most
peculiarly attenuated and curved back towards the base,
and the fronds are branched and ramified with remarkable
sharpness and delicacy.
Species 130. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex centriruca. Mur. trigono-fusiformi, gracili, ba-
sem versus attenuata, spird acuminatéd ; anfractibus su-
perne subangulatis, transversim creberrime striatis, tu-
berculo unico, et in anfractu ultimo costis tribus qua-
ternisve, inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus subalatis,
in spinis fortibus latiusculis compressis laciniatis, spind
suprema multo maximi, elongati, recté ; corneo-fuscd ;
apertura parva ; canali longiusculo, extremitate pau-
lulum obliquo-recurvo.
THE CENTRIFUGAL Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
slender, attenuated towards the base, spire acumi-
nated, whorls slightly angulated at the base, trans-
versely very closely striated, with a single tubercle,
and in the last whorl three or four ribs, between the
varices ; three varicose, varices subwinged, laciniated
into rather wide strong compressed spines, the upper-
most of which is much the largest, elongated and
straight ; horny brown; aperture small; canal rather
long, a little obliquely recurved at the extremity.
Hiyps, Mollusca Voy. H.M.S. Sulphw, p. 8. pl. 3. f. 7, 8.
Hab. West coast of Veragua (dredged from a sandy floor
at the depth of fifty-two fathoms) ; Hinds.
A species which may be easily recognised by the three
horn-like protuberances with which each whorl is sur-
mounted at the angle.
Murex. Pl XXIL.
738
a
5
Ee
&
a
a
ine]
(2p)
G
MUREX.
Prate XXIX.
Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex nucuta. Mur. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassiusculd,
sexfariam varicosd, varicibus solidis, costatis, costis
prominentibus, interstitiis cancellatis ; albidd ; aper-
turd ovata, canali breviusculo, ascendente recurvo.
THE LirtLeE NuT Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thick, six-varicose, varices solid, ribbed, ribs promi-
nent, interstices cancellated ; whitish, aperture ovate,
canal rather short, ascending, recurved.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming.
Murex cyclostoma var, Sowerby.
Very intimately allied to the Murer cyclostoma but is of
a more oblong form, and has a recurved ascending canal.
For Species 132 see Plate XXXII; the shell here
figured proving, upon further examination, to be a variety
of the Murex cristatus.
Species 133. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex GRavipvs. Shell globosely fusiform, solid, trans-
versely ribbed, ribs approximated, lamellated, a little
divergent upon the varices; five-varicose, varices
prominent, pierced with holes posteriorly; white,
banded round the upper part with brown; aperture
oval; canal rather long, a little ascending, recurved
to the left.
Hinps, Mollusca Voy. H.M.S8.Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. f.19, 20.
Hab. Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa (dredged from the
depth of sixty fathoms) ; Hinds.
This interesting species may be known by its solid glo-
bose form, its close ribbed sculpture, and the sinistral
prolongation of the canal.
Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex octoconus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird
acuminata ; anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, oc-
tofariam vel nonafariam varicosis, varicibus aculeatis,
aclueis eleganter recurvis, duobus basalibus valde pro-
minentibus, areis inter varices concavis, subtiliter lira-
tis; albida aut fuscescente, liris undique castaneo-
fuscis ; aperturé subviolacea.
THE OCTANGULAR Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, spire
acuminated, whorls concavely depressed at the upper
part ; eight- or nine-varicose, varices prickly, prickles
elegantly recurved, two very prominent on each varix
at the base, the areas between the varices concave,
finely ridged ; whitish or pale brown, ridges through-
out dark chesnut brown ; aperture faintly tinged with
violet.
Qvoy and Garmarp, Voy. del’Astrolabe Zool. v.iii. p.521.
pl 36: £8) 9:
Murex Peruvianus, Sowerby.
Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand; Quoy and Gaimard.
Pacasmayo, coast of Peru; Cuming.
An extremely pretty species, encircled throughout with
fine dark brown ridges, which curl up upon the varices in
the form of prickly spines.
Species 135. (Fig. 135. Mus. Saul; and Fig. 136. Mus.
Cuming.)
Murex BALTEATUS. Mur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, an-
Sractibus superné leviter angulatis, infra angulum cos-
tatis, costis fortibus, subdistantibus, per summitatem
obsolete sulcatis ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus fron-
dosis, frondibus eximié ramosis, antice squamis minutis
peculiariter calamistratis ; alba, rosaceo pulcherrimé
tincta, frondibus superné aurantio-vel nigricante-ruben-
tibus ; apertura parva, productd ; canali brevi, planu-
lato, recurvo.
THE BELTED Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, ribbed
below the angle, ribs strong, rather distant, obsoletely
grooved along ihe top; seven-varicose, varices fron-
dose, fronds delicately branched, peculiarly frizzled
on the anterior side with minute seales; white, beau-
tifully tinged with pink, fronds orange or blackish
brown at the upper part; aperture small, produced ;
canal short, flattened, recurved.
Beck; Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the coral
reefs); Cuming.
The name of “ dalteatus” was suggested for this beau-
tiful species, Mr. Sowerby informs us, by Dr. Beck, but
for what reason I am at a loss to imagine.
August 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XXIX.
The curious frizzled sculpture on the anterior side of the
varices is peculiarly worthy of remark.
For Species 136 see Plate XXXITI.
Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pupicus. Mur. testd oblongo-ovata, solidiusculd me-
dio ventricosd, utrinque attenuata, transversim costata,
costis varices super minutissime squamatis, lird parva
interveniente ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus solidis,
leviter tuberculatis ; intus extusque nived ; canali brevi.
Tue cHaste Murex. Shell oblong ovate, ventricose in
the middle, attenuated at both ends, transversely
ribbed, ribs very minutely scaled upon the varices,
with a small ridge intervening; seven-varicose, va-
rices solid, slightly tuberculated ; snowy white within
and without; canal short.
ReEEveE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Island of St. Domingo.
A solid white shell, very much attenuated from the
middle.
Species 138. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex crrrosus. Mur. testd ovatd, ventricosd, spire
suturis profundis ; nonafariam varicosd, varicibus la-
ciniis senis fistulosis recurvis ornatis, areis inter varices
costatis, costis laciniis intercurrentibus ; pallide carned,
varicum laciniis albis ; apertura ovali ; canali brevius-
culo, gracili, recurvo, dorso bifariam laciniato.
Tue crrrous Murex. Shell ovate, ventricose, sutures
of the spire deep ; nine-varicose, varices ornamented
with six recurved fistulous lacimize, areas between the
varices ribbed, ribs running from the lacinia of one
varix to that of the other; pale flesh-colour, lacinice
of the varices white; aperture oval; canal rather
short, slender, recurved, with two rows of laciniz at
the back.
Hips, Mollusca Voy. H.M.8.Sulphur, p.9. pl.3. 17,18.
Hab. Straits of Macassar (found among sand and fine
gravel at the depth of fifteen fathoms) ; Hinds.
Distinguished by the very beautiful curl-like laciniated
structure of the varices.
Species 139. (Mus. Belcher.)
Morex peritus. Mur. testé subtrigono-ovatd, anfractibus
superne angulatis, transversim striatis ; sexfariam vari-
cosd, varicibus tenuibus, laciniatis, laciniis acuminatis,
uncinatis, supremd precipue; varicum parte anticad
inter lacinias crenatd ; albidd, ferrugineo-fuscescente
tinctd et fasciatd ; canali subelongato, planato, recurvo.
Tue expert Murex. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate,
whorls angulated at the upper part, transversely stri-
ated; six-varicose, varices thin, laciniated, lacinize
acuminated, hooked, the uppermost especially ; ante-
rior part of the varices crenated between the lacinie ;
whitish, stained and banded with faint rusty brown ;
canal a little elongated, flattened, recurved.
Hips, Mollusca, Voy. H. M.8.Sulphur, p.9. pl. 3. £.23, 24.
Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy
floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds.
This species may be known by the curious hooked ter-
mination of the laciniz.
Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex virratus. Mur. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, trans-
versim sulcatd, septifariam varicosd, varicibus latius-
culis, solidis, approximatis, brevispinosis ; albd, nigro
tessellato-vittatd ; canali breviusculo.
THE FILLETTED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
transversely grooved, seven-varicose, varices rather
broad, solid, approximated, armed with short spines ;
white, tessellately filleted with black; canal rather
short.
Broverrpe, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. \sle of Muerte, Bay of Guayaquil (from sandy mud
at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming.
Easily to be recognised by the marked contrast of its
painting.
Murex, Pl. XXX.
to
8 1 et att : RB.&R imp
MUREX.
PLaTE XXX.
Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.)
MovreEx caticinosus. Mur. testd ovatd, spird angulato-
turritd, basem versus contracta, anfractibus superne de-
presso-angulatis, transversim costatis, costis latis, pla-
niusculis, subdistantibus ; sexfariam varicosd, varicibus
tenuibus, plicato-laminatis ; sordidé fusca, costis satu-
ratioribus ; canali breviusculo.
THE opscuRE Murex. Shell ovate, spire angularly tur-
reted, contracted towards the base; whorls depressly
angulated round the upper part, transversely ribbed,
ribs broad, rather flat, somewhat distant; six-vari-
cose, varices thin, plicately laminated; dull brown,
ribs of a darker colour; canal rather short.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
The varices of this shell resemble those of the Murex
falcatus, though not lapped over at the edge as in that
species ; the ribs are very different, and more in the style
of those of the Murex torosus.
Species 142. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Lappa. Mur. testd ovata, utrinque attenuata, sea-
fariam varicosd, varicibus latis, incrassatis, solidis,
approximatis, frondibns numerosis spinosis erectis ar-
matis, varicibus utringue fortiter costatis, costis sulcatis,
minutissime scabrosis ; alba, rufo-fuscescente bifasciatim
maculata ; aperturé pared, producté, intus elevato-
striata.
Tue BUR Murex. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends,
six-varicose, varices broad, thickened, solid, approxi-
mated, armed with numerous erect spinous fronds,
varices strongly ribbed on both sides, ribs grooved,
minutely scabrous ; white, stained with two bands of
pale reddish brown spots; aperture small, produced,
elevately striated within.
Bropertp, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (found on a rocky bed at
the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming.
A stout shell with solid, sharp, prickly varices.
Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex tucusris. Mur. testé ovatd, spira breviusculd,
transversim liraté et striatd ; anfractibus superne de-
pressis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus laciniatis, laci-
nis brevibus, recurvis ; atro-purpured, varicibus ferru-
gineo-fuscis ; apertura subamplé ; canali brevi.
Tue MoURNFUL Murex. Shell ovate, spire rather short,
transversely ridged and striated; whorls depressed
at the upper part, six-varicose, varices laciniated, la-
cini short, recurved; blackish purple, varices rusty
brown ; aperture rather large; canal short.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (found in the co-
ral rocks) ; Cuming.
The laciniew in all but the last one or two varices are
for the most part worn and blunted.
Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Catirornicus. Mur. testd trigono-oblonga, sub-
Susiformi, spird angulato-turrité ; anfractibus superné
angulato-depressis, tuberculo prominulo inter varices,
transversim costatis, costis distantibus, interstitiis liris
minutis pulcherrimée squamatis exsculptis ; trifariam
varicosa, varicibus laciniatis, laciniis subrecurvis ; fer-
rugineo-fuscad ; apertura ovatd ; canali brevi, clauso,
recurvo.
Tue CatrrorniaN Murex. Shell triangularly oblong,
slightly fusiform, spire angularly turreted; whorls
angularly depressed at the upper part, with a rather
prominent tubercle between the varices, transversely
ribbed, ribs distant, engraved with minute very beau-
tifully scaled ridges ; three-varicose, varices laciniated,
lacinie a little recurved; rusty brown; aperture
ovate, canal short, closed, recurved.
Hips, Mollusca Voy., H. M.S. Sulphur, p.8. pl.3. £.9, 10.
Hab, California.
An interesting species with respect to form and sculp-
ture, but of dull colour; the interstices between the cross
ribs are scaled with extreme delicacy and beauty.
Species 145. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex porgaris. Mur. testd subelongato-fusiformi, gra-
cili, subpellucidd, transversim obsolete liratd ; septifa-
riam varicosd, varicibus simplicibus, lamelliferis ; intus
August 1845.
MUREX.—Ptate XXX.
extusque nived, roseo pallidissime tincté; apertura
subampla.
THE NORTHERN Murex. Shell somewhat elongately fu-
siform, slender, slightly transparent, transversely ob-
soletely ridged ; seven-varicose, varices simple, lamel-
liferous ; snowy white within and without, very palely |
tinged with pink; aperture rather large.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab, Iceland.
An elegant semitransparent laminiferous shell partaking
very much of the generic character of Fusus.
Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex crassizaBruM. Mur. testdé ovata, spird brevi,
acuta, transversim fortiter costatd, costis perpaucis,
grandibus ; multifariam varicosa, varicibus simplicibus,
laminiferis ; intus extusque nived ; labro peculiariter
incrassato.
THE THICK-LIP Murex. Shell ovate, spire short, acute,
transversely strongly ribbed, ribs very few in num-
ber, large ; many-varicose, varices simple, laminifer-
ous, snowy white within and without; lip peculiarly
thickened.
Gray, MSS. British Museum.
Purpura crassilabrum, Sowerby.
Hab. Valparaiso (found in crevices of rocks at low water) ;
Cuming.
Mr. Sowerby has questioned the propriety of placing
this shell in the genus Murex, but I am inclined to think
Mr. Gray is correct in so doing.
ite
Murex, Pl. XIX.
Aw:
. BB. & Ramp
=
t
MUREX.
PuateE XXXII.
Species 147. (Mus. Belcher.)
Morex municatus. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, anfrac-
tibus superné depressis, sguamarum compressarum hori-
zontalium sericbus duabus spiraliter ornatis ; albicante ;
apertura subampla ; canali brevi.
THe prickLy Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, whorls
depressed at the upper part, spirally adorned with
two rows of compressed horizontal scales; whitish,
aperture rather large: canal short.
Trophon muricatus, Hinds, Mollusca Voy. Sulphur, p. 14.
job We ae UG, ef
Hab. Panama (found in mud at the depth of about nine-
teen fathoms) ; Hinds.
Only one example of this singular species was found.
Species 148. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex rapicatus. Mur. testd ovatd, quinquefariam vari-
cosd, varicibus laciniatis, antice abruptis, laciniis com-
pressis, subquadratis, medio lined duplicatis, postice
interstitiorum medio exsilientibus; apertura pared,
producté ; canali fere clauso, ad basin leviter recurvo.
THE ROOTED Murex. Shell ovate, five-varicose, varices
laciniated, anteriorly abrupt, lacinice compressed, sub-
quadrate, divided in the middle by a line, extending
back on the posterior side to the middle of the inter-
stices ; aperture small, produced ; canal almost closed,
slightly recurved at the base.
Hinps, Mollusea Voy. Sulphur, p. 9. pl. 3. f. 21, 22.
Hab. San Blas, west coast of Mexico (found in mud at
the depth of eleven fathoms).
Mr. Hinds describes the lacinize of this species as taking
root in a peculiar manner near the centre of the interstices.
Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.)
MoreEx PLANILIRATUS. Mur. testi oblongo-ovatd, trans-
versim undique pulcherrime liratd, liris angustis nume-
rosis confertis, ad summitatem peculiariter planulatis ;
seafariam varicosd, varicibus plicatis ; luteo-fuscescente ;
apertura ampla.
THE FLAT-RIDGED Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, trans-
versely very beautifully ridged throughout, ridges
narrow, numerous, close-set, peculiarly flattened along
the summit ; six-varicose, varices plicated ; yellowish
brown ; aperture large.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Swan River.
The entire surface of this beautiful little species is
covered with very prominent close-set narrow ridges,
which are pecuharly flattened along the summit.
Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex nopunirervs. Mur. testd cylindraceo-ovatd,
crassa, transversim elevato-striatd, spird acuminaté ;
seafariam varicosd, varicibus noduloso-squamatis, an-
fractiis ultimi varicibus squamis duabus longissimis
erectis ; alld, squamis rubido-fuscis aut nigricantibus ;
canali brevissimo.
THE NopULIFEROUs Murex. Shell cylindrically ovate,
thick, transversely elevately striated, spire acumi-
nated ; six-varicose, varices nodulously squamate, va-
rices of the last whorl with the scales very long and
erect ; white, scales reddish-brown or blackish ; canal
very short.
Sowerrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on coral reefs) ;
Cuming.
A remarkable species reminding one very forcibly of the
Pleurotoma auriculifera.
Species 151. (Mus. Belcher.)
Murex Froveotatus. Mur. testé fusiformi, crassd, trans-
versim creberrime suleatd, anfractibus superné suban-
gulatis, laminis minimis longitudinalibus foveolatis ;
septifariam varicosd, varicibus simplicibus, posticé ro-
tundatis, antice acutis; rubido-fuscd, atro-purpureo
pallide bifasciaté ; labro externo intus obtuse dentato,
columellari producto ; canali breviusculo, subrecurvo.
THE FURROWED Murex. Shell fusiform, thick, trans-
versely very closely grooved, whorls slightly angulated
at the upper part, ftwrowed with very small longitu-
dinal lamine ; seven-varicose, varices simple, poste-
riorly rounded, anteriorly sharp: ruddy brown, with
two blackish purple bands; outer lip obtusely denti-
culated within, columellar lip produced ; canal rather
short, a little recurved.
Hrnps, Mollusca Voy. Sulphur, p. 9. pl. 3. £15, 16.
Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (dredged from a sandy
floor at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds.
A shell of somewhat uncouth growth, though presenting
good distinguishing characters.
Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex ermis. Mur. testé eleganter fusiformi, semi-
August 1845,
MUREX.—Ptatr XXXI.
pellucida, transversim obsolete liratd ; anfractibus ro-
tundatis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus parvis, annuli-
formibus ; nived ; apertura rotundatd, labro columellari
producto ; canali subelongato, recurvo.
Tue UNARMED Murex. Shell elegantly fusiform, semi-
transparent, transversely obsoletely ridged; whorls
rounded, six-varicose, varices small, ring-like ; snowy-
white; aperture rounded, columellar lip produced ;
canal slightly elongated, recurved.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebald.
A delicately formed species in which the varices bear
some resemblance to the rings of the Scalaria pretiosa.
Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pecussatus. Mur. testé ovata, basem versus con-
tractd, spird brevi, angulato-turritd ; anfractibus su-
perne angulatis, seafariam varicosis, varicibus angustis,
solidis, nodosis, subdistantibus, areis intermediis in an-
fractu ultimo costis duabus distantibus decussatis ; vio-
lascente-albidd, varicum nodis atro-purpureis, aperture
fauce violascente ; labro intus noduloso.
THE CROSS-BARRED Murex. Shell ovate, contracted
towards the base, spire short, angularly turreted ;
whorls angulated at the upper part, six-varicose, va-
rices narrow, solid, nodose, rather distant, interme-
diate areas on the last whorl cross-barred with two
distant ribs; violet-tinged white, nodules of the va-
rices jet-purple; interior of the aperture violet; lip
noduled within.
Murex fiscellum var., Sowerby.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines.
The cross-barred sculpture of this shell, dividing its
surface into regular square compartments, distinguishes it
from the Murex fiscellum to rank as a separate species.
Several examples were collected by Mr. Cuming at the
above Island without any particular variation in character.
Species 154 (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX CYCLOSTOMA.
breviusculd ; sex-varicosd, varicibus prominentibus, an-
tice foraminatis et cancellatis, varicum interstitiis trans-
versim costatis, costis pone varices fortioribus, divergen-
tibus ; livido-fuscescente, costis albicantibus ; aperturd
pared, rotunda, margine producto.
THE ROUND-MouTH Murex. Shell ovate, gibbous, spire
rather short; six-varicose, varices prominent, ante-
riorly cancellated and pierced with holes, interstices
between the varices transversely ribbed, ribs diver-
gent and stronger behind the varices; livid-brown,
ribs whitish ; aperture small, round, edge produced.
Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840.
Mur. testé ovati, gibbosd, spiré
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines.
The variety mentioned by Mr. Sowerby is a distinct
species to which I have given the name of Murex nucula,
Pl. XXIX. f. 131.
Species 155. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex INCISUS.
brevi, subobtusd ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotun-
datis, incrassatis, approximatis, transversim carinato-
costatis et striatis, costis striisque pulcherrime squamato-
crenulatis ; albd, costis castaneis ; apertura parva.
THE carved Murex. Shell globosely ovate, thick, spire
short, rather obtuse ; seven-varicose, varices rounded,
thickened, approximated, transversely carmately rib-
bed and striated, ribs and strie very beautifully
squamately crenulated; white, ribs chesnut-brown ;
aperture small.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (dredged from a rocky
bottom at the depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming.
Mur. testé globoso-ovatd, crassa, spurd
A species well distinguished by the narrow crenulated
keel-like ribs which cross the varices at regular and fre-
quent intervals throughout.
Species 156. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex uncrnarius. Mur. testé trigono-ovatd, subfusi-
formi, spird subacuminatd, levigatd, tuberculo fere ob-
soleto inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, varicibus squa-
ma plano-compressé uncinaté superné armatis, infra
plano-fimbriatis ; fulvo-albicante ; aperturé pared ;
canali brevi, clauso.
Tur HooKED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, somewhat
fusiform, spire rather acuminated, smooth, with a
nearly obsolete tubercle between the varices; three-
varicose, varices armed at the upper part with a flatly
compressed hooked scale, below flatly fimbriated ;
fulvous white ; aperture small; canal short, closed.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.579.
Murices Capensis and Mitriformis, Sowerby.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
Lamarck referred in doubt to Martini’s figure of the
Murex clavus thinking, probably, that this was the young
of that species; and hence arose the confusion of Martini’s
shell (Murex clavus) bemg taken for Lamarck’s Murer
uncinarius.
I ought, perhaps, to notice an error into which M.
Deshayes has fallen in stating that this shell is a species
of Typhis. The distinguishing character of that genus is
the presence of an erect fistulous tube between the varices
in place of a tubercle ; of which there is no indication in
the Murex uncinarius.
‘Lh
G.B.S. del et bth
Mure, PLAXLT.
R.B.& R mp
MUREX.
Prate XXXII.
(Specimens slightly magnified.)
Species 157. (Fig. 157 and 163, Mus. Cuming.)
Murex atveatus. Mur, testé pyramidali-oblongd, trans-
versim costatd, costis angustis, peculiariter elevatis,
utringue minutissimé nodulosis, varicibus reticulatis,
interstitiis alveatis ; quadrifariam vel octofariam vari-
cos, varicibus pulcherrimé cancellatis, pone cavernosis ;
albida ; aperturd parva ; canali brevi.
THE HOLLOWED Murex. Shell pyramidally oblong, trans-
versely ribbed, ribs narrow, peculiarly elevated, very
minutely nodwled along each side, reticulated with
the varices, interstices hollowed ; four- to eight-vari-
cose, varices very beautifully cancellated, cavernous
behind; whitish; aperture small, canal short.
KreneER, Iconographie coq. viv., p. 24. pl. 46. f. 2.
Hab. Panama (found under stones at low water); Cuming.
A pretty deeply reticulated species, partaking somewhat
of the characters of Triton.
Species 158. (Mus. Gruner, Bremen.)
Movrex Purreurorwes. Mur. testé ovatd, subventricosa,
spira brevi; anfractibus superne subangulatis, costis
pareis angustis longitudinalibus et transversis infra
angulum reticulatis, costis transversis confertioribus ;
albicante, fascid fuscescente interdum cingulatd ; aper-
turé ampla, patuld.
Tue PurPURA-LIKE Murex. Shell ovate, rather ventri-
cose, spire short; whorls slightly angulated at the
upper part, reticulated below the angle with small
narrow transverse and longitudinal ribs of which the
transverse are the closer together ; whitish, sometimes
encircled with a pale brown band; aperture large,
wide open.
Donker, MSS. (Cassel).
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
A small open-mouth shell, with no regular indication of
varices.
Species 159. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex sBaprius. Mur. testd obeso-fusiformi, solidiusculd,
transversim elevato-striatd, striis conspicuis, regulari-
bus ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus incrassatis, sub-
rotundis ; rubido-castaned ; canali paululum recurvo.
THE BROWN Murex. Shell ovately fusiform, rather solid,
transversely elevately striated, striae conspicuous, re-
gular ; seven-varicose, varices thickened, somewhat
round; reddish chesnut; canal a little recurved.
Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
A solid dark brown shell, certainly distinct from any
species that I have seen.
Species 160. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Erosus. Mur. testd pyramidali-oblongd, transver-
sim livatd, liris angustis, confertis, planiusculis, utrinque
crenatis, interstitiis profundis ; basi cavernoso-sulcatd,
suleo septis duobus decussato ; irregulariter varicosd,
anfractu ultimo varicibus duobus fortibus, ceteris obso-
leté varicosis ; c@ruleo-nigricante, varicibus albican-
tibus ; apertura minutd ; canali brevi.
THE ERODED Murex. Shell pyramidally oblong, trans-
versely ridged, ridges narrow, close-set, rather flat-
tened, crenated on both sides, interstices deep; ca-
vernously grooved at the base, groove crossed by two
septa; irregularly varicose, two strong varices upon
‘the last whorl, the rest obsoletely varicose ; blueish
black, varices white ; aperture very small, canal short.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Panama (found under stones) ; Cuming.
This is rather a questionable species of Murex, partaking
so much as it does of the characters of Triton. It differs
in its sculpture throughout from the Murex alveatus, but
especially in being encircled with a deep broad cavernous
groove at the base.
Species 161. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pistinctus. Mur. testé fusiformi-turriculatd,
transversim striaté aut exiliter liratd, spire suturis
subprofundis ; anfractibus rotundatis, sexfariam vari-
cosis, varicibus incrassatis, noduliferis ; albidd aut fla-
vescente ; apertura parva, rotundd ; canali brevi, sub-
ascendente.
THe pivipeD Murex. Shell fusiformly turriculated,
transversely striated or faintly ridged, sutures of the
spire rather deep ; whorls rounded, six-varicose, va-
August 1845.
MUREX.—Puate XXXII.
rices thickened, noduliferous; white or yellowish ;
aperture small, round ; canal short, slightly ascending.
De Cristororts and Jan, Cat. rerum nat., pl. 11. f. 82.
Murex scalarinus, Bivon.
Murex Scalarioides, De Blainville.
Hab. Mediterranean. Palermo ; Philippi.
Very closely approximating to the Murex inermis brought
from Japan by Dr. Siebald, and which might be regarded
as the eastern analogue of it.
Species 162. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex saxricus. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovata, longitudina-
liter tuberculato-costatd, transversim elevato-striata ;
trivaricosd, varicibus eminentibus, muricato-nodosis ;
baticd, indistincte fasciatd, aperture fauce subpurpu-
rascente ; labro intus dentato ; canali brevi.
THE swARTHY Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, longitu-
dinally tuberculously ribbed, transversely elevately
striated; three-varicose, varices eminent, prickly no-
dose; dark brown, indistinctly banded, interior of
the aperture tinged with purple; lip toothed within ;
canal short.
Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
The nodules of this interesting little dark brown shell
are peculiarly prickly.
Species 164. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex rnconsprcuus. Mur. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassa,
transversim creberrimé obtuso-liratd, longitudinaliter
costatd, costis rudibus, incrassatis, varicibus indistinctis ;
sordidé fuscd ; labro intus dentato ; canali brevissimo.
THE inconspicuous Murex. Shell oblong-ovate, thick,
transversely very closely obtusely ridged, longitudi-
nally ribbed, ribs rude, thickened, varices indistinct ;
dirty brown; lip toothed within ; canal very short.
Sowerrsy, Conch. Illus., f. 81 and 117.
Murex corallinus, Scacchi.
Fusus corallinus, Philippi.
Hab. English Channel, Jersey ; Sowerby.
A small rude thickened species, some
which are much more elongated than others.
examples of
For Species 165 see Plate XXXIII; Fig. 165 proving
to be the young of Murew balteatus.
Species 166. (Mus. Cuming.)
MuREX BXIGUUS.
sim obtuso-liratd, quinquefariam varicosd, varicibus
Mur. testa ovata, crassiusculd, transver-
eminentibus, angilaciniatis, laciniis interstitiisque can-
cellatis ; alba ; apertura parvd, producta ; canali brevi,
recurvo.
Tue tirrte Murex. Shell ovate, rather thick, trans-
versely obtusely ridged, five-varicose, varices eminent,
narrow-laciniated, laciniz and interstices between
them cancellated ; white, aperture small, produced ;
canal short, recurved.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Saint Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming.
The lacinie of the varices of this species are peculiar in
that they assume a narrow, almost fistulose, structure.
Murex FUXXXH.
W683.
167.6
168.
170.
RB.&R imp.
S
®
a
a
MUREX.
Puate XXXIII.
Species 132. (Mus. Saul.)
MUREX CANCELLATUS.
breviusculd, anfractibus transversim liratis, lirarum in-
Mur. testé trigono-ovatd, spird
iy » Sp
terstitiis peculiariter cancellatis ; trivaricosé, varicibus
compresso-fimbriatis, fronde clausd subfistulosd superneé
ornatis ; eburned, apertura parva ; canali clauso, b wsi
aperto, uncinato-recurvo.
THE CANCELLATED Murex. Shell triangularly ova.y,
spire rather short, whorls transversely ridged, inter-
stices between the ridges peculiarly cancellated ; three-
varicose, varices compressly fimbriated, ornamented
at the top with a closed, fistulous-like frond; ivory-
white ; aperture small; canal closed, open at the base,
curved back in a hooked manner.
SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
An extremely curious and characteristic species, in which
a compressed fistulose-like frond is developed on the upper
extremity of each varix, though not in any way analogous
to the fistulose tube which rises from the area between the
varices in the genus Typhis.
Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.)
MurREX MACULATUS.
anfractibus brevibus, tuberculato-varicosis, varicibus in-
Mur. testé ovata, subpyramidali,
terstitiisque subtiliter liratis, liris, lirarum interstitiis
quoque pulcherrime fimbriato-cancellatis ; albidd, macula
rubido-fusca inter varices conspicue tinctd, columella et
aperture fauce pallidé rosaced; canali breviusculo,
recurvo.
Tue sported Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat pyramidal,
whorls short, tubercularly varicose, varices and inter-
stices finely ridged, ridges and their interstices also
very beautifully eancellated ; whitish, conspicuously
stained between the varices with a reddish brown
spot, columella and interior of the aperture tinged
with pink; canal rather short, recurved.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
The whorls of this species are strongly tubercled by the
varices which are very delicately cancellately ridged across.
Species 163. (Mus. Saul.)
Murex rusticus. Mur. testa ovatd, spiré acuminato-tur-
rita, anfractibus medio tumidis, transversim subobscure
liratis, tuberculato-varicosis, varicibus frondosis, fron-
dibus brevibus, interstitiis minutissime squamatis ; lutes-
cente-alba, varicibus nigricante-fuscis ; apertura parva,
limbo producto ; canali breviusculo.
Tue Rustic Murex. Shell ovate, spire acuminately tur-
reted, whorls swollen in the middle, transversely ra-
ther obscurely ridged, tubercularly varicose, varices
frondose, fronds short, interstices minutely scaled ;
yellowish-white, varices dark brown; aperture small,
lip produced ; canal rather short.
Renve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
A rather solid shell with an elevated tubercled spire.
Species 165. (Fig. Kiener.)
Murex potyGonutts. Mur. testd ovatd, subfusiformi,
ventricosd, transverse sulcatdé et striatd, nonafariam
varicosd, alba ; anfractibus superné angulatis, supra
planulatis, ad angulum tuberculato-coronatis ; spira
prominente.
THE MANY-ANGLED Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi-
form, ventricose, transversely grooved and_ striated,
nine-varicose, white ; whorls angulated at the upper
part, flat above, tubercularly coronated at the angle ;
spire prominent.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. ix. p.594.
Kigner, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 75. pl. 41. f. 2.
Hab. 2
Knowing nothing of this species I have copied Kiener’s
figure, and Lamarck’s description verbatim.
Species 167. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.)
Murex territus. Mur. testa trigono-ovata, liris convevis
subnodosis irreqularibus confertis undique cingulata,
tuberculo unico inter varices ; trifariam varicosd, vari-
cibus peculiariter laminato-frondosis, frondibus erectis,
lateraliter connexis ; lutescente, livido-olivaceo hic illic
saturatiore tincta.
Tue TERRIFIED Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, encir-
cled throughout with close-set, slightly nodose, irre-
gular convex ridges, with a single tubercle between
the varices; three-varicose, varices peculiarly lami-
nately frondose, fronds erect, connected and entangled
together; yellowish, stained with livid orange, in
patches here and there of a deeper colour.
October 1845.
MUREX.
REEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
A decidedly new species, reminding one at first sight of
the Murex Sinensis, but quite distinct on examination. The
entire shell is encircled with very close-set convex ridges,
each terminating on the varices in an erect frond, connected
together at the side so as to form a continuous laminated
frill extending from the suture to the base.
Species 168. (Mus. Norris.)
Murex crocatus. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, trans-
versim liratd, liris parvis, granoso-squamatis, tuber-
culo inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus frondosis,
Srondibus obtuso-ramosis ; canali subelongato, frondoso ;
Ffuscescente, frondibus rubido-crocatis.
THE SAFFRON-TINGED Murex. Shell triangularly fusi-
form, transversely ridged, ridges small, granosely sqa-
mate, with a tubercle between the varices; three-va-
ricose, varices frondose, fronds obtusely branched ;
canal rather elongated, frondose; brownish, fronds
reddish saffron colour.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
This might be regarded as a species of somewhat doubt-
ful character, but after careful comparison I am unable
to refer it to any hitherto described. The varices of fronds
in the specimen before me, from the collection of Thomas
Norris, Esq., which, with its operculum, is in excellent
condition, are of a bright scarlet saffron colour.
Species 169. (Fig. Kiener.)
MUREX CARINIFERUS. Mur. testd ovato-conica, turbinata ;
longitudinaliter costata, transversim striatd ; fulves-
cente ; spird acutd, spinis coronatd ; anfractibus con-
vevis, carinatis ; striis sublamellosis, decurrentibus ru-
gosis ; apertura alba ; labro dextro sulcato, denticulato ;
canali brevi; columellé basi umbilicaté.
THe KEELED Murex. Shell ovately conical, turbinated,
longitudinally ribbed, transversely striated ; yellowish,
spire sharp; with sublamellar, decurrent, wrinkled
strie ; aperture white, right lip grooved, denticulated ;
canal short ; columella umbilicated at the base.
KigneER, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 100. pl. 18. f. 2.
Fusus cariniferus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 58.
Hab. ?
This shell is unknown to me, but, rather than omit the
species, I have copied Kiener’s figure and description.
Puate XXXII.
Species 170. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Buxevus. Mur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, anfractibus
superne subangulatis, multifariam unduloso-varicosis,
varicibus obtusis liratis, liris creberrimis minute rugo-
sis; apertura patuld, canali brevi; lutescente-fuscd,
zonulis lutescente-albidis numerosis cingulatd, columella
et aperture fauce nived, prope marginem denticulata.
Tue Box-woop Murex. Shell fusiformly ovate, whorls
a little angulated round the upper part, multifariously
varicose, varices waved, obtuse, transversely ridged,
ridges very close-set, minutely wrinkled; aperture
wide open, canal short; yellowish-brown, encircled
with numerous small yellowish white zones ; columella
and interior of the aperture snowy white, denticulated
near the margin.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Pollia buxea, Sowerby.
Hab. Iquiqui, Peru (found ona sandy bottom at the depth
of eighteen fathoms); Cuming.
A most aberrant form of the genus.
Species 171. (Mus. Gruner, Bremen.)
Murex puporicotor. Mur. abbreviato-fusiformi, oblique
trigond, transversim liratd, liris singulis tuberculis duo-
bus basem versus evanidis inter varices, lined minutd ele-
vata inter liras ; trivaricosd, varicibus rotundatis, pro-
minentibus, squamis frondibusque prototomis basem
versus precipue pulcherrime ornatis ; eximie rubente.
THE BLUSH-COLOURED Murex. Shell abbreviately fusi-
form, obliquely triangular, transversely ridged, each
ridge with two tubercles, fading towards the base of the
shell, between the varices, and a minute elevated line
between the ridges ; three-varicose, varices rounded,
prominent, beautifully ornamented with scales and,
especially towards the base, with small sprouting
fronds; bright delicate blush-red.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Gruner.
To Mr. Gruner, of Bremen in Germany, my thanks are
most justly due for the loan of this new and extremely in-
teresting shell. It reached me just at the moment in which
I was arranging my last two plates of Murices for the ar-
tist ; and I take no little pleasure in recording, as a noble
example of disinterestedness in the pursuit of science, the
circumstance of his having forwarded it through the post,
suspended at imminent risk from a letter, in order to be
in time for insertion: an offering the more acceptable, be-
cause coming from a gentleman to whom I had not the
honour of being personally known.
Mirrex, Pl XXXIV
GBS. acl.et lith R B&R imp
MUREX.
Piate XXXIV.
Species 172. (Fig. Kiener.)
Murex Krenert. Mur. testé parvi, elongatd, turricu-
lata, varicosd, transversim striata, fulvd aut flavescente ;
spird acutd ; anfractibus convexis ; suturd profundd,
flavo maculata ; labro dextro intus sulcato ; canali sub-
elongato, supra rotundato, angusto.
Krener’s Murex. Shell small, elongated, turriculated,
varicose, transversely striated, fulvous or yellowish ;
spire sharp; whorls convex; suture deep, spotted
with yellow; right ip grooved within; canal rather
elongated, rounded above, narrow.
Murex exyguus, Kiener (not of Broderip), Icon. Coq.
viv., p. 97. pl. 46. f. 3.
?
Hab.
An interesting looking species with which I am unac-
quainted. The name eazguus being already occupied I have
the pleasure of attaching M. Kiener’s name to it.
Species 173. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Preuroromoipes. Mur. testd pyriformi-ovata,
anfractibus superné depressis, transversim liratis et mi-
nutissime crispato-squamatis, multifariam varicosis, va-
ricibus muricato-squamatis ; canali subelongato, patulo ;
columella labroque intus dentatis, labro superne sinuato ;
albida aut flavicante.
Tuer PLevroroMA-LIKE Murex. Shell pyriformly ovate,
whorls a little depressed at the upper part, trans-
versely ridged and very minutely crisply scaled, mul-
tifariously varicose, varices prickly scaled; canal ra-
ther elongated, wide open; lip and columella toothed
within, lip sinuated at the upper part.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. p
A small pyriform prickly shell having a sinus in the
upper part of the lip after the manner of a Plewrotoma.
Species 174. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex pistacta. Mur. testé ovata, subfusiformi, solidi-
usculd, anfractibus rotundatis, sulco subobsoleto prope
suturam cinctis, transversim crebriliratis, longitudina-
liter suboblique unduloso-varicosis, varicibus obtusis ;
castaneo-fuscescente, columella et aperture fauce sub-
rosaceis ; canali brevi.
Tue Prstacuto-NuT Murex. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi-
form, rather solid; whorls rounded, encircled with a
rather obsolete groove near the suture, transversely
closely ridged, longitudinally a little obliquely vari-
cose, varices waved obtuse; light chesnut-brown,
columella and interior of the aperture faintly tinged
with pink; canal short.
Resve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Y
A true and well-defined species which has not been
hitherto noticed.
Species 175. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex vipex. Mur. testé ovato-fusiformi, turritd, trans-
versim liratis, lirarum interstitiis concavo-sulcatis ;
septifariam varicosd, varicibus rotundatis, prominenti-
bus, subnodosis ; columellé subindistincte plicatd ; canali
brevissimo ; labro crenulato, intus radiatim sulcato ;
albd, ferrugineo-fusco tinctd, epidermide fused, rugosa.
THE sSTRIPE-MARKED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform,
turreted, transversely ridged, interstices between the
ridges, concavely grooved; seven-varicose, varices
rounded, prominent, subnodose, columella somewhat
indistinctly plaited ; canal very short; lip crenulated,
radiately grooved within; white, stained with rusty
brown, epidermis brown, rough.
BroperipP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. St. Elena and Panama (found in sandy mud at a
depth of from six to twelve fathoms); Cuming.
An aberrant species which might be referred with equal
propriety to Turbinellus.
Species 176. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Crotch.)
Murnx BurypTERoN. Mur. testé ovato-oblongd, basem
versus contractd, spird breviusculd, acuminato-turritd,
suturis subexcavatis ; anfractibus superné depressis,
transversim obscure obtuso-liratis et punctato-striatis,
tuberculo superficiario inter varices ; trivaricosd, vart-
cibus tenuibus, erecto-alatis, ultimo latissimée expanso,
superne falcato-recurvo ; apertura pared ovata ; canal
breviusculo.
THE WIDE-WING Murex. Shell ovately oblong, contracted
towards the base, spire rather short, acuminately tur-
October 1845.
MUREX.—Piate XXXIV.
reted, sutures slightly excavated; whorls depressed
at the upper part, encircled with obscure transverse
obtuse ridges and punctured strie, with a superficial
tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices
thin, erectly winged, the last very widely expanded
and falcately recurved at the upper part; aperture
small; canal rather short.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. Japan ?
For this new and extraordinary shell I am indebted to
the kindness of the Rev. W. R. Crotch, whose manuscript
name ewrypteron, (from edpis, widely eatended, and mrépov,
wing), I feel great pleasure in adopting as being peculiarly
expressive of its remarkable alate growth. It approaches
nearest to the Murex falcatus, but in that species there are
five varices on a whorl, whilst in this there are but three,
and the winged expansions of the Murew falcatus are folded
over at the superior margin. The specimen here figured,
and which is I believe unique, was received from Holland,
and is supposed to have come from Japan.
Species 177. (Fig. Kiener.)
Murex Ze.anpicus. Mur. testd globosi, anterius ventri-
cosd, subfragili ; albidd ; longitrorsum quinguies spi-
nosd, transversim leviter sulcatd, spinis ultimis anfrac-
tiis longioribus, recurvatis ; spird longd, acutd ; aper-
turd ovali et alba ; canali brevi, contorto, sqwamoso.
Tur New Znatanp Murex. Shell globose, ventricose
anteriorly, somewhat fragile; whitish, armed longi-
tudinally with five varices of spines, transversely
slightly grooved, the last spines of the whorl longer,
recurved; spire long, sharp; aperture oval, white ;
canal short, twisted, squamose.
Quvoy and Garmarp, Zool. Voyage de l’Astrolabe, vol. iii.
p. 529. pl. 36. £. 5-7.
Hab. Cook’s Straits, New Zealand.
As I have not had the pleasure of seeing this interesting
species I am unable to give an origmal figure or descrip-
tion. ‘There is, I believe, a small specimen of it in this
country figured some years since by Mr. Sowerby, in his
*Conchological Illustrations, but he cannot recollect in
whose possession it is.
Species 178. (Mus. Cuming.)
MUREX MARGARITICOLA. Mur. testd ovatd, squamarum
liris angustis undique cinctd, anfractibus superné leviter
angulatis, multifariam varicosis, varicibus obtuso-ro-
tundatis ad angulum compresso-nodosis ; alba, squama-
rum liris purpureo-nigricantibus, aperture fauce viola-
ced, prope marginem dentatd ; canali brevi.
THE PEARL-SHELL-INHABITING Murnx. Shell ovate,
encircled throughout with narrow ridges of scales,
whorls slightly angled at the upper part, multifari-
ously varicose, varices obtusely rounded, compressly
nodose at the angle; white, ridges purple-black, in-
terior of the aperture violet, toothed near the margin ;
canal short.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found adhering
to the Meleagrina margaritifera).
A shell of very interesting sculpture, consisting of a
succession of narrow purple-black ridges of fine scales upon
a white ground.
Species 179. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Epwarpsit. Mu. testd ovata, crassiusculd, trans-
versim irregulariter crebriliratd, longitudinaliter pli-
cato-tuberculatd, varicibus interdum duobus vel tribus,
interdum nullis ; viridi-fuscd, aperture fauce violacea,
prope marginem dentatd ; canali brevi.
Epwarps’ Murex. Shell ovate, rather thick, transversely
irregularly closely ridged, longitudinally plicately
tubercled, sometimes two or three varices, sometimes
none ; greenish-brown, interior of the aperture violet,
toothed near the margin ; canal short.
Menke, Syn. p. 65; Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 210.
Purpura Edwardsii, Payrandeau.
Purpura Lasseignei, Basterot.
Hab. Mediterranean.
The varices are so irregular in their appearance that the
generic character of the species appears to oscillate between
that of Murex and Purpura.
Species 180. (Mus. Norris.)
MUREX TOROSUS.
costis grandibus tumulosis, interstitiis profunde exca-
vatis, lird squamatd percurrente, cingulata ; varicibus
tribus aut pluribus, obtusis ; fused ; spird brevissimd.
Tue Lusty Murex. Shell globosely ovate, ventricose,
encircled with large tumulous ribs, the interstices be-
tween which are deeply hollowed, with a squamate
ridge running along; varices three or more in num-
ber, obtuse; brown; spire very short.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.ix. p.598.
Hab. ?
A very unsatisfactory species having much the appear-
ance of a monstrous variety of the Murex erinaceus.
Mur. testé globoso-ovatd, ventricosd,
A
=
wi
Murex, Pl XE
182 6
/52. tt
MUREX.
PLATE XXXV.
Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex nux. Mur. testé abbreviato-ovatd, crassiusculd,
transversim obsolete striata, basi unbilicatd, spird brevi,
acuminata ; septifariam varicosd, varicibus crassis,
solidis, superné subnodosis, canali brevissimo ; intus
extusque albi.
THe Nut Murex. Shell abbreviately ovate, rather thick,
transversely obsoletely striated, umbilicated at the
base, spire short, acuminated ; seven-varicose, varices
thick, solid, slightly nodose at the upper part, canal
rather short, white within and without.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1847.
Hab. ?
A short gibbous shell with very stout obtuse varices.
Species 182. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex arrinis. Mur. testdé fusiformi, transversim pul-
cherrimé crebriliratd, liris subtiliter scabrosis, tuberculis
duobus approximatis, quorum uno subobsoleto, inter
varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus frondosis, frondibus bre-
vibus subobtusis ; fuscescente, liris castaneis, apice
Srondibusque rosaceis.
THe aLLinp Murex. Shell fusiform, transversely very
beautifully closely ridged, ridges finely scabrous, with
two tubercles, one of which is somewhat obsolete,
between the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose,
fronds short and rather obtuse; light brown, ridges
chesnut, apex and fronds pink.
Resgve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab.
This species might easily be taken for a young Murex
palma-rose of stunted growth, or a variety of the Murex
maurus ; it will, however, be found on examination to be
distinct from both; and its peculiarities of character are
perfectly uniform in several specimens that have come
under my notice.
Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex purruratus. Mur. testd ovato-fusiformi, subdis-
tortd, liris obtusis lineisque elevatis cingulatd, tuberculo
prominulo inter varices ; trivaricosd, varicibus frondo-
sis, frondibus brevibus, submuricatis, labro intus con-
spicué denticulato, denticulis binis; fusco-albicante,
castaneo-fusco hic illic tinctd, margine labri collumel-
laris rufescente, labri externi limbo vivide purpureo-
violaceo.
THE PURPLE-sTAINED Murex. Shell ovately fusiform,
rather distorted, encircled with raised lines and ob-
tuse ridges, with a rather prominent tubercle between
the varices; three-varicose, varices frondose, fronds
short, slightly muricated, lip conspicuously toothed
within, teeth ranged two and two; brownish white,
stained here and there with chesnut brown, edge of
columellar lip reddish, edge of the outer lip deep
purple violet.
ReEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
Thave not described this shell without some hesitation,
because there is a glimpse of some affinity with the Murex
calcitrapa in it. It, nevertheless, exhibits a great pecu-
harity of form and colouring, and though I have carefully
compared it with many different examples of that species,
T cannot identify it with satisfaction.
Species 184. Mus. Cuming.)
Murex savuamuLosus. Mur. testé Pyruleformi, anfrac-
tibus superne planulatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costa-
tis, costis liris elevatis transversis, alternatim majoribus,
pulcherrime fornicato-squamatis, clathratis, canali lon-
giusculo ; pellucide rosaceo-alba..
THE squamuLous Murex. Shell Pyrula-shaped, whorls
flattened round the upper part, longitudinally plicately
ribbed, ribs latticed with raised ridges, alternately
larger, beautifully ornamented with vaulted scales ;
canal rather long ; transparent pink white.
Fusus squamulosus, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i.
p- 204. pl. xi. f. 31.
Hab. Mediterrranean.
This is one of those abnormal species of the genus
which might with equal propriety be referred to Fusus.
The squamiferous sculpture of the transverse ridges, which
are alternately larger and smaller, is extremely delicate
and beautiful.
Species 185. (Mus. Cuming.)
Morex ciaturatus. Mur. testé subfusiformi-ovata, basi
umbilicatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter cre-
bricostatis, costis crassiusculis, liris angustis squami-
geris conspicue clathratis, canali subrecurvo ; alba,
apice pallideé rosaceo.
THE LATTICED Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
wnbilicated at the base, whorls rounded, longitudi-
nally closely ribbed, ribs rather thick, conspicuously
latticed with narrow squamiferous ridges, canal a
little recurved ; white, apex pale pink.
Reeve Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab ?
Well characterized by its rounded whorls, and the sharp
elevated squamiferous structure of the transverse ridges.
April, 1846.
Mureac. PL XXXVI.
188
R.B. & R. op
Lith
8. delet
GB.
MUREX.
PLate XXXVI.
Species 186. (Mus.Cuming.)
Murex rupripentatus. Mur. testa trigono-fusiformi,
transversim obtuso-liratd, tuberculis duobus approxi-
matis inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus undulato-
laminatis, erectis, e apice oblique fluentibus, apertura
parva, labro intus conspicue dentato ; lacted, aurantio-
fusco hic illic sparsim tincta, dentibus rubris.
THE RED-TooTHED Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform,
transversely obtusely ridged, with two approximating
tubercles between the varices ; three-varicose, varices
undulately laminated, erect, flowing obliquely from
the apex, aperture small, lip conspicuously toothed
within; cream-coloured, sparingly stained here and
there with orange-brown, teeth red.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. 2
A truly interesting species, quite distinct from any
hitherto described. It is of a triangular fusiform struc-
ture, and each varix consists of an erect plaited lamina
flowing obliquely from the apex. The inner side of the
lip is strongly toothed, and the teeth bemg tipped with
red upon a milk-white ground have a very chaste and
characteristic appearance. Mr. Cuming possesses two
examples of this species, both in equally fine condition.
Species 187. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex spectrum. Mur. testa erecto-fusiformi, transver-
sim liratd, liris irregularibus, nodosis et tuberculatis,
spire suturis subexcavatis ; trivaricosd, varicibus in-
crassatis, frondosis, frondibus subelongatis, ramosis et
muricatis, canali longiusculo; lutescente, frondibus
lirisque castaneo-fuscis.
Tue spectRE Murex. Shell erectly fusiform, transversely
ridged, ridges irregular, nodose and tuberculated,
sutures of the spire rather excavated ; three-varicose,
varices thickened, frondose, fronds rather elongated,
branched and muricated, canal rather long ; yellowish,
fronds and ridges chesnut-brown.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
This new and somewhat remarkable species approximates
to the Murex palma-rose in form, though perfectly distinct,
throughout in its various details of character. Mr. Cuming
possesses no information as to its locality, and has not
heard of any other specimen.
Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex Frortrer. Mur. testa trigono-ovatd, subfusiformi,
transversim liratd, liris subdistantibus, interstitiis sub-
tilissime funiculatis, funiculis frondes super scabrosis,
tuberculo grandi elongato inter varices ; trivaricosd,
varicibus pulcherrime frondosis, frondibus erectis, flori-
Servis, muricatis ; albicante, ferrugineo-fusco plus minusve
tincta, frondibus saturatioribus, extremitatibus muri-
catis intus extusque albis, apice rosaceo.
THE FLOWER-BEARING Murex. Shell triangularly ovate,
somewhat fusiform, transversely ridged, ridges rather
distant, interstices very finely corded, cords scabrous
over the back of the fronds, with a large elongated
tubercle between the varices; three-varicose, varices
very beautifully frondose, fronds crect, floriferous,
muricated ; whitish, more or less stained with rusty
brown, fronds darker brown, muricated extremities
of the fronds white within and without, apex pink.
Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846.
Hab. Honduras.
A fine new species approximating in general appearance
to the Murex rufus, from which it may easily be distin-
guished by the forcible character of the ribs and tubercles,
by its white ground colour and pink apex, and the striking
effect which is produced by the white-tipped extremities
of the fronds.
Species 24. (Mus. White).
Murex MEGACERUS.—A specimen from the collection
of H. H. White, Esq., illustrating a peculiar state of
this species (for the normal form of which see Plate VI.),
in which the fronds are of a short stunted growth, and
the body of the shell particularly stout and gibbous.
April 1846.
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acanthopterus, Lamarck .......
aculeatus, Lamarch...........-
aculeatus, Wood .......-...---
adunco-spinosus, Beck.........
aduncus, Sowerby ..........--
adustus, Lamarck ............-
BARLTIISW/CCEUE meray cNer=. aus) eye) ci sierasel=
alabaster peeve eae. ee sce -
ALVGALIIS WATCREN finer. cya wa/S0aie/e) 2,8
ambiguus, Reeve .............
angularis, IER AS OOO OG
anguliferus, Wi tunde sooo oo coes
aranea, Blainville’.............
asperrimus, Lamarck ...........
axicormis, Lamarck ...........-
lopGlii, Jiao ns ogaeo homo beoses
hseticus, Reeve so. .s- 2 ss ss,
LEIGAIDEL Je? Boe an se SOB Obr
Banks, Sowerby ........-...--
laa liicy 22 eo» Sleeeen GEIneNs
bicolor, Valenciennes ......-....
bipinnatus, Reeve.............
Blainvillii, Payrandeau........
Titi WSGNSY Sone eoeE beer
HOTeAS WRECUE Hm ca «cicic este cies
brandaris, Zinneus ............
iprassica, Uamarchs.. 2: .....---
breviculus, Sowerby...........-
brevifrons, Lamarck ...........
brevispina, Lamarck ..........
buxeus, Broderip.............-
Cal CATAPACENCI We ic. isc escc oe ne»
calcitrapa, Lamarck...........
Californicus, Hinds ...........
caliginosus, Reeve ............
cancellatus, Sowerby ..........-
Capensis, | Sow er Be So spe evga
carduus, Broderip.....-.--..--
cariniferus (Fusus), Sowerby ....
Gomiminer HEU eon ne oe aneoRs
cervicornis, Lamarch..........
chrysostoma, Gray ...........
cinguliferus, Lamarck ..........
CITTOSUSS) LIAS ee eye.) ae
Clathratus, Reeve... ..5.......-.
GLA VUSHPAZEI07 a tars se) ole. «ic, c.<) «
concinnus, Reeve.............
corallinus, Scacchi............
commutus, Vinneus.......-..-5-
corrugatus, Sowerby...........
erassilabrum, Gray ......-....
erassispina, Lamarck..........
crassivaricosa, Reeve ...........
cuispus, Broderip... 202-2... -
cristatus, Broccht ............
emistatus, GIay ss. 222. 2s 0s oe
GRICANIC, JU see bag oeeoe COT
eyclostoma, Sowerby...........
decussatus, Reeve .......
XXVIII.
XXXII.
XXVHIL.
XXXII.
XXXI.
XXXI.
MUREX.
[Temporary Index.]
Species.
digitatus, Sowerby ............-.
60 dipsacus, Broderip ............
116 distinctus, Cristoforis ..........
93 dubinsy Sowerby ieee tieretels
61 ducalis, Broderip..............
29 Edwardsii, Menke .............
182 elecans)) Deca aeiertaeea era
39 elongatus, Lamarch...........-
157 emarginatus, Sowerby .........-.
51 endivia, Lamarck..1..........-
5 erinaceus, Zinneus ............
48 GMOWESS JoRMATD ¢ Bonaoms d6o0Ce
21 erystoma, Swainson............
35 erythrostoma, Swainson ........
37 eurypteron, Heeve! jo 22 ae...
159 CHT) WSGIG? on 6o8 oo 600085 66
162 faleatus, Sowerby. s0.. 00-00...
135 fasciatus, Sowerby ............-.
38 fenestratus, Chemnitz ..........
84 HEAT NWOT ob oancscbos8s0
44 IOS, Je comps go bosnuobC
6 fiscellum, Chemnitz ............
110 MIE, JUL Bo aeposcocnanoses
128 inns Crdbone opcocasodonc
145 formosus, Sowerby ............
96 foveolatus, Hinds ... ROOT
56 funiculatus, Reeve ............-
118 Gambiensis, Reeve.............
13 CPOE, MEUIMENO Kp no po on G00604
77 aemAGWR Jeli eon oabodosocs
170 eyratus (Lrophon), Hinds eusiaters
100 hamatus, Hinds ..........
13 ibaneeral vite TANNEUS) eae
144. hemitripterus, Lamarck ........
141 hexagonus, Lamarck ...........
132 hippocastanum Philippi .........
156 horridus) Broderipy sess 4
10 lng, HRI) coooooo ap eoBe
125 imperialis, Seeainson ......-...-
169 AN CISUSy BIO UCL Taare er let tte
130 inconspicuus, Sowerby........--
66 UNTIMELY om Sondononne Hb
83 Mnplecus Asa Tar CKet yee) ae 2/-p-ys ee
11 POLONUS, SOWELOY2 =)-) 12-210) Je) -)- =
138 Kerenert Reeve .'s hapesetvcvere srenever ots
185 laciniatus, Sowerby .........-.-
9 Jaminiferus} eceere ye elrai-s-)-ver-
104 Jap pay BL OMETIUD see eiel-) = clr alalare) =
165 laqueatus, Sowerby .........+--
al epidushyitcenchrwterrttteptteyteye
52 lingua-vervecina, Chemnitz ......
146 luculentus, Reeve...........-.-
82 Nimlonuts, LRTI) cooooccesGec
33 macropteron, Deshayes.........-
67 maculatus, Reeve..............
112 margariticola, Broderip ........
62 Martinianus, Reeve............
168 maurus, Broderip ............-
154. megacerus, Sowerby .....--..-.-
153 melanomathos, Gmelin..........
Plate.
XII.
XXVI.
XXXII.
XXVI.
XIV.
XXXIV.
XXIV.
Wie
I.
VIL.
II.
XXXII.
XXXIV.
XXXIV.
XVI.
XXVHI.
xGVE
XXVITI.
XXIX.
XXXII.
XXXIV.
XVIII.
IV.
Wal
Species.
46
Plate Species.
melonulus, Lamarck...........- 100, 14 rosarium, Chemnitz ............
messorius, Sowerby .....-++++-- XXII. 90 OED ISTH? oo oaee5500056006
microphyllus, Lamarck ......... X. 40 rubescens, Broderip...........-
miliaris, Gmelin..........-... XXV. 102 TUDISINOSUS WACEEEL ee ei ee eet
Mindanensis, Sowerby.......... XIX. 78 rubridentatus, Reeve ...........
Mitriformis, Sowerby .......--. XXXxI. 156 mbbine} JLT OUADE ona ogodtcaowanee
Monoceros, Sowerby ........... Ul. 7 NPRINGEL JIS Awe dguudeaduaaas
monodon, Sowerby ............ V. 21 SAIN OSES NOL 25005500 d00006
motacilla, Chemnitz............ XXII. 88 Saulize, Sowerby. .........-...-
mundus, Reeve. . : sadg 20sOx00L, 166 saxatilis, Linneus......... bee
muricatus (Zr ophon), Hinds... .. XXXT 47 SOLICOLA, SBTOCELIPy..\= = ea tiathotel-
nigrescens, Sowerby .. . A XXIII 92 SCOULOSUSS SOWELD YE er iene ire ict
nigrispinosus, Reon Molaro oehS XX. 79 Scalarioides, De Blainville ......
Miprituss Ginter ei eile XSLT 47 scalarinus, BIVOD). -\... .- 14-7
nMOS MRE nidoccaascaccones <\Wlill 70 scolopax, Dillwyn .............
modatus, eevee iar seiciy= ets 6 XXV. 107 RCO); JU PHIBs 3 ods00 Ge a800
noduliferus, Sowerby .... XXXI. 150 secundus, Lamarck ...........-
Norrisii, Reeve.......... XXVIII 129 Senegalensis, Gmelin ..........
MUCUlaNweevewy ivele cleise sims XXIX 131 SINUS WSOC. 0 eerie eee
Nuttallii, Conrad ...... 1k, 7 Simensiss Heevelrmie cio eiice eee
TDS JAE So n0c000dede XXXV 181 Gaeanbe, JWI ooocooce seu er
OCCA SOWEROV Ener eerie k XX. 8] spinicostata, Valenciennes .......
octogonus, Quoy.............. XXIX 134 squamulosus, (Fusus) Philippi ...
oculatus’ Reenels. |. selects ccs | LX 36 Stainforthn, Reeve ............
OSSCUS, RECDE cle eto wieser ister sceieteist | DUDE. 73 Steertse: eevee eee tcietstsie ie
oxyacantha, Broderip .......... IV. 17 Tarentinus, Lamarck .........-
palma-rose, Lamarck .......... VET 30 tenuispina, Lamarck ... .......
palmiferus, Sowerby .......-... IV. 20 ternispina, Lamarck ...........
pellucidus, IRLCDE Res hore eee anette ie XIV. 54 CELEILUS: RA CEE RE Ree riy ieee
(OEMS, Jaco cg ocbecocdscer XXIX 139 tetragonus, Broderip ..........
Peruvianus, Sowerby ........-. XXIX 134 LOLOSUS: PUICINGT. Choe ee ieieteieeiee
phyllopterus, Zamarck.......... XVI. 63 torrefactus, Sowerby.........-.-
om, WOW soegssccesoccs Alo 57 wmalarus: KAENeT oo) lose eile
longed OGD Sanococeauao, | 2GVil 62 trialatus, Sowerby ........-..-
ORO IMGT. sso ogsecsao0s0s © 2OONIN 174 tribulus, Uinneus............s-
planiliratus, Reeve... .......... XXXII. 149 [nunKONTE, JAAS Sone cangadadcnd
Pleurotomoides, Reeve........-. XXXIV. 173 trigonularis, Sowerby .........-
pliciferus, Sowerby............. XX. 80 HHS, WSN? Soesogesoque
polygonulus, Zamarck.......... XXXII 165 trigonulus, Lamarck ..........-
pomum, Gmelin .............. IX. 35 trilimeatus, Reeve .............
jones ERD cecpbcceo00e NAb 23 (MOK, JIA nag coaancooan ss
NGS, WATE Sononescocedoso 2OAIDK 137 IOAN) SHOT cooasdosoooaode
pudoricolor, Reeve............. XXXII. yl trunculus, Linneus ........0...
Purpura, Chemnitz <7. /-)-1-)- 7-1/3) 9 XO. 102 tumulosus, Sowerby ............
purpuratus, Reeve............. XXXV. 183 turbinatus, Lamarck ...........
Purpuroides, Dunker........... XXXII. 158 uncinarius, Lamarck ...........
quadrifrons, Lamarck .......... IL. 10 uncinarius, Sowerby..........--
MENGE IH a6 656550000004 XXX. 148 varicosus, Sowerby............-
TACIX, | GUNCMID oe afocete eta tole lees XVII. 69 VENI MAR aoa dans esoncaos
MOVE ITA Soanagso0cucs lk 3 Vallee Jey any Uigotomeanoodoas6
TEM OME TORO caeooucooeds Od 86 vittatus, Broderip .............
rectirostris, Sowerby ........... XXII. 91 vitulinus, Lamarck ............
recurvirostris, Broderip ........ XIX. 75 Helandicus;y QUoyivers-b-1 teje< el pate
Re IL Koen oaoe onaoodaa 2s 59
ERRATA.
Species
Species
Species
Species
MUREX.
8, Murex SAXATILIS, add as synonyme, Murex erystoma, Swainson.
14, instead of “for description of which see Pl. VIII.’
» read Pl, IX.
64, for MuREX ACANTHROPTERUS, read MUREX ACANTHOPTERUS.
76, for Fig. 73. Pl. XIX. read Fig. 73. Pl. XVIII.
Species 133, insert the Latin, Mur. testd globoso-fusiformi, solidd, transversim costatd,
costis approximatis, lamellatis, varices super paululum divergentibus ;
quinquevaricosd, varicibus prominentibus, postice foraminatis; albd,
Sfusco superne fasciatd ;
Species 166, for MuREXx ExiGUUS read MUREX MUNDUS.
aperturd ovali; canali longiusculo, subascen-
dente, sinistrorsum recurvo.
Plate. Species.
TIT. & IX. 14
XXV. 105
XII. 45
VHI. 32
XXXVI. 186
IV. 19
XXXIIT. 163
XXIV 98
EOL 31
THe 8
VIL. 27
te 2
XXXII 161
XXXII 161
XXII 89
XXV. 106
XXIV 97
XXIV 101
XXV. 108
VI. 25
XXXVI 187
1D 18
XXXV 184
XVII 68
VIII. 28
Il. a
XXI. 85
XVIII. & XIX. 76
XXXIIT. 167
XXVI. 118
XXXIV. 180
X. 4]
XIV. 55
XVI. 63
XX. 82
XIII. 53
XIV. 54
1h 4
XXII. 97
XXV. 103
XIV. 55
I 4
Mi: 22
XXIII 94.
Til. 15
XXXI. 156
Il. 9
XII. 49
IX. 34
XXXIV 175
XXTX 140
XXV. 102
XXXIV 177
“ -
- v
f
« 7
+a
’
'
5
.
«
YS
Murex Supp. PLT.
193.6
194.
G.B.S. del.et lith Vincent Brooks,lmp
MUREX.
Supp. Prats J.
Species 189. (Mus. Gubba.)
Murex stricatus. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, transver-
sim graniliratd et striata, tuberculis duobus, quorum
uno multo majore inter varices; trivaricosd, varicibus
regulariter frondosis, frondibus floriferis, equalibus,
apertura parva, canali clauso; ustulato-fuscescente,
castaneo transversim undique strigata.
Tue stRIPED Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, trans-
versely granulately ridged and striated, two tubercles
between the varices, one of which is much the larger ;
three-varicose, varices regularly frondose, fronds flori-
ferous, equal, aperture small, canal closed ; light burnt
brown, transversely striped throughout with dark
chestnut.
Hab. ?
An interesting new
M. Gubba of Havre.
species from the collection of
Species 190. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex roririuvs. Mur. testd fusiformi, subventricosd,
anfractibus transversim obscuré liratis, rugosis, quad-
rivaricosis, varicibus rudibus, simplicibus, planulatis,
obscure denticulatis, aperture margine dentato ; sordidé
cinerascente, intus nigricante-castaned, varicibus albidis.
THe BEDEWED Murex. Shell fusiform, slightly ven-
tricose, whorls transversely obscurely ridged, rugose,
four-varicose, varices rude, simple, flattened, obscurely
denticulated, margin of the aperture toothed; dull
ash-colour, blackish chestnut within, varices white.
Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 2. a, b.
Hab. Korean Archipelago; Belcher.
Of a very dark chestnut colour interiorly, the outer
surface being of a dull ash, with the lip and varices white.
Species 191. (Mus. Taylor.)
MUREX PLORATOR.
levibus, trivaricosis, varicibus compresso-alatis, aper-
turé pared, rotundatd, canali clauso ; castaneo-fuscd,
medio transversim albizonata.
THE MOURNER Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, whorls
smooth, three-vyaricose, varices compressly winged,
aperture small, rounded, canal closed; chestnut-
brown, transversely white-zoned in the middle.
Mur. testa trigono-ovata, anfractibus
Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 3. a, 6.
Hab. Korean Archipelago ; Belcher.
Belonging to the same division of the genus as the
M. eurypteron.
Species 192. (Mus. Taylor.)
Murex Burnertit. Mur, testd trigono-ovatd, crassiusculd,
anfractibus transversim obsolete costatis, trivaricosis,
varicibus late fimbriatis, dente unico marginali pro-
minente, apertura ovali, canali clauso ; albidéd, cas-
taneo-fusco plus minusve tinctd.
Burnett’s Murex. Shell triangularly ovate, rather thick,
whorls transversely obsoletely ribbed, three-varicose,
varices broadly fimbriated, with a single prominent
marginal tooth, aperture oval, canal closed ; whitish,
more or less stained with chestnnt-brown.
Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. 8. f. 4.a, 4.
Hab. Korean Archipelago; Belcher.
A fine species, very distinct from any hitherto described
of which only one or two specimens were collected in a
more or less mutilated condition. The canal is closed
over, and each varix is furnished with a remarkably pro-
minent tooth.
Species 193. (Mus. Gubba.)
Murex Gusppi. Mur. testd trigono-fusiformi, basin ver-
sus contractd, anfractibus superné depresso-concavis,
granoso-striatis et liratis, liris irregulariter nodulosis,
trivaricosis, varicibus frondosis, frondibus angustis,
wrregularibus, unicd mediand bifurcatd, superna multo
majore, peculiariter falcatd ; labro intus conspicue
dentato ; adustd, prope basin anticé fuscescente, aper-
ture fauce cerulescente-alba.
Guppa’s Murex. Shell triangularly fusiform, con-
tracted towards the base, whorls depressly concave
round the upper part, transversely granosely striated
and ridged, ridges irregularly nodulous, three-varicose,
varices frondose, fronds narrow, irregular, a single
middle one bifurcated, the uppermost frond much the
larger, peculiarly hooked ; lip conspicuously toothed ;
cinder-black, fulvous in front near the base, interior
of the aperture bluish-white.
P)
Hab.
June, 1849.
MUREX—Sopp. Prats I.
M. Gubba possesses two specimens of this very inter-
esting new species, to which I have the pleasure of at-
taching his name.
Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.)
Murex vunicornis. Mur. testé subfusiformi-oblongd,
crass, oblique trigond, transversim obscure costatd,
tuberculo magno inter varices, varicibus incrassatis,
obtusis, ultimo intus denticulato, dente unico conspicuo
erecto elongato, canali brevissimo, clauso ; alba, castaneo
tinctd.
THE UNICORN Murex. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong,
thick, obliquely triangular, transversely obscurely
ribbed, with a large tubercle between the varices,
varices thickened, obtuse, last whorl denticulated
within, one tooth conspicuous, erect, elongated, canal
very short, closed; white, stained with chestnut.
Hab. ?
This approaches very near to the AZ. monoceros, but is of
a different form and of more solid growth.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
VE Slings is aa ac
‘What wonder then if with one virtuous touch
The arch-chimic sun, so far from us remote,
Produces, with terrestrial humour mixed,
Here in the dark so many precious things
Of colour glorious and effect so rare.” —IL/ton.
CYP RATA.
Prats I.
Genus Cyprm®a, Linneus.
Testa ovata vel oblongo-ovata, ventricosa, polita, interdum
nodifera aut costellata, extremitatibus canaliferis aut
emarginatis, spird brevissimd, partim vel omnind oc-
eultd ; apertura subcentrali, longitudinali, angusté ;
columella labroque per totam longitudinem plus minusve
denticulatis, interdum .at raro edentulis.
Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, ventricose, polished, some-
times nodiferous or ribbed, with the extremities
channeled or emarginated ; spire very short, partially
or entirely concealed ; aperture nearly central, longi-
tudinal, narrow ; lip and columella more or less
toothed throughout then entire length, sometimes,
but rarely, without teeth.
There is perhaps no group in the series whose shells
have excited more admiration than those of the Cypree ;
the Cowry is generally the first to attract the attention of
the amateur, and its physiological history offers matter of
no less interest to the man of more abstruse habits of
enquiry.
The Cyprea is a mollusk of very peculiar character :
first, on account of the different phases presented by its
shell at different periods of growth ; and, secondly, on ac-
count of the curious property which the animal possesses
of dissolving and renewing its shell. The original growth
of the Cowry is, undoubtedly, a process of time; but the
re-calcification of a shell at maturer age appears to be the
work of a few days only.
The first stage of advancement produces a simple con-
volution of shell around a columella axis in the form of a
long drawn out Bulla, the columella being smooth, the
outer lip thin, and the colour usually diffused in bands
of waves. In the second epoch of growth the shell solidi-
fies, the lip and columella begin to thicken, and present
gradual indications of teeth, the teeth become more and
more perfectly developed, and the dorsal surface is over-
laid with a strong coat of livid colouring matter also dif-
fused in obscure bands or waves. The calcifying energies
of the mantle, which, extending in two unequal lobes one
from either side of the shell’s aperture, have been chiefly
exercised during the second epoch of growth upon the dor-
sal surface, are now more particularly directed to the base
and sides. The teeth are strengthened, the sides become
thickened with a rich coating of enamel, and the growth
of the shell is completed by a light fabric of colouring mat-
ter deposed in lines, blotches, waves, or reticulations, of
various hues and patterns.
The re-calcifieation of a shell at maturer age has been
a subject of some difference of opinion amongst naturalists.
Bruguiére first introduced the fact, and Lamarck says “ I
possess observations which tend to prove that the Cowry,
arrived at the power of forming a complete shell, has still
the faculty of enlarging its habitation, and is then obliged
to quit the shell in order to form a new one. It results
from this that the same individual has the power of form-
ing a successive number of shells during both the second
and third stages of growth; and which accounts for our
often meeting with so many different sizes of the same
species”!
M. Deshayes, after furnishing us with an excellent ac-
count of the zoological characters of Cyprea, derived
mainly from the observations of M. M. Quoy and Gaimard,
argues against the possibility of any re-modelling of the
shell taking place, and regards the statement of Lamarck
as a theory opposed to the common laws of organization.
To the supposition of Bruguicre that the Cowries cast their
shells after the manner of Crabs, M. Deshayes very pro-
perly replies that there can be no analogy between them.
The new shell of the Crustacea is formed by a secretion of
equal consistency from every part of the body, whereas
the Mollusca have a muscular attachment to the columella,
and increase the growth of their shell by an exudation,
not from the whole body, but from a particular organ ;—
the mantle being the sole agent charged with that faculty.
It is further argued by the same distinguished naturalist
that the Cowry must lose the power of forming the inner
chambers of the columella anew, after having once passed
that early process of developement which induces their for-
mation. ‘ How is it possible,’ asks M. Deshayes, “ that
the animal can, under the circumstances of its nature,
secrete a new shell from all parts of the body at once, and
with all the different phases of colour exhibited in the
original, when it has reached to an advanced condition
of its existence ?”
November 1845.
CYPRMA.—Ptats I.
It is, however, certain that the Cowry is enabled to
effect a very important change in the shell during one or
more periods of its life; and I think the fact may be fully
established without prejudice to the excellent arguments
of my illustrious contemporary. From the testimony of a
gentleman, who worthily employs the opportunities afforded
him as a Naval Officer to the advancement of science,
whose veracity is beyond all question, and whose com-
munication (given verbatim) * contams nothing more
than a simple narrative of the phenomena of which he was
himself an eye-witness, it may, I think, be deduced that it is
the outer wall of the shell only. which is re-constructed,
the columella with its spiral compartments remaining un-
disturbed. The animal does not quit the shell as Lamarck
supposed, but dissolves the outer portion with its acetose
juices. All visible trace of the shell may be thus removed
without weakening M. Deshayes’ proposition founded on
the circumstance of the mantle bemg the only organ
charged with the secretive fluid. The mantle is always
capable of extension over the shell; and the same power
which furnishes the adult with its last coating of enamel
can be exerted to the formation of as many superincum-
bent layers as may be necessary to replace all that has
been decomposed. That a dissolution takes place there
can be no doubt:—‘the shell gradually swells,” says
Lieut. Hankey, “and cracks, becomes thinner, and duller
in colour, and finally disappears ;” a circumstance which
may be easily credited when it is remembered that the
Murex possesses the faculty of removing spines or any
similar obstacles to its advancement of growth, and that
the Pholades, and other terebrating mollusks, exercise a
power of absorbing which enables them to penetrate the
hardest limestone rock. The microscopical structure of
the Cowry shell is, moreover, of a nature peculiarly tena-
cious of absorption ; it is composed of a large quantity of
carbonate of lime in proportion to the amount of mem-
branous substance; and this accounts for its surface be-
coming vitrified, as it were, to such ahighly polished state
of enamel when in contact with the acidity of the soft
parts.
There is another circumstance in Lieut. Hankey’s nar-
rative to which attention should be given, respecting the
formation of the new shell :—the glutinous matter which
has the appearance of shell-lac, and is so fragile that it
yields to the touch, does not assume the narrow cylindrical
Bulla form, it does not follow the original plan of revolv-
ing round a columellar axis, but is of the wide, ventri-
cose shape of a Cymba, and rapidly consolidates into the
adult shell.
With these generalizations I think it may be assumed
that the Cowry possesses the faculty of decomposing,
during one or more periods of its existence, any portion
of the shell that is lable to resist its advancement of
growth; that the renewal of the shell is accomplished
within a comparatively short space of time; and that the
columella with its internal spiral partitions remains undis-
turbed. It may, however, be inferred that it is an opera-
tion of extremely rare occurrence, and one which only hap-
pens under peculiar conditions.
The Cypree present two very distinct groups ;—the
larger species in which the surface of the shell is highly
enamelled, and the smaller species in which it is dis-
posed in grooves and ridges of a lighter character and of
more delicate colouring. In the first division there are two
or three species from South Africa of a peculiar opake
white structure, of which the C. Algoensis and Capensis
may be quoted as bemg the types of Mr. Gray’s genera
LIuponia and Cypreovula; the second division is the genus
Trivia of the same writer.
The genus Cyprea presents little variety of form but a
diversity of colouring; it contains several very distinct
and characteristic species of unusual rarity, and which our
country can alone boast of possessing. Of these the
Cypree princeps and leucodon, in our national collection,
* Lizut. J. B. Hankey, R.N., to Lovett REEVE.
My dear Sir.
H.M.S. Collingwood, August 6th, 1844.
Will you allow me to offer you a few remarks on the habits of the Cyprea as regards the fact of its making a new shell, at an advanced
age, of which process I have been myself in more than one instance an eye-witness. I have seen the Cowry craw] into some hollow or sheltered
place, evidently for some predetermined purpose.
The growth of the animal appears to increase too large for its cell; it gradually swells and
cracks the shell, and I think that some powerful solvent or decomposing fluid is distributed over the outer surface by the mantle of the fish,
for it gets thinner in substance, and the colours duller in appearance.
The shell then entirely disappears, the Cowry becomes, to all appearance,
a naked mollusk, with no other covering than its membranous mantle, and ina short time secretes a thin layer of glutinous matter which in
a few days obtains the fragile consistency of shell-lac.
dated into the adult shell.
From this step its growth is more rapid, and it becomes more and more consoli-
When in the first stage of renewal it has the appearance of shell-lac it is always of the Cymba form, but I have
never succeeded in preserving any specimens in this state on account of their extreme fragility.
Trusting that you may make some use of these notes, and that (as I have a good dredge with me) I may, like Mr. Cuming, succeed in bringing
home something worthy of notice, I shall conclude myself, my dear sir,
Yours very truly,
Joun B. Hankey.
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Cyprea Ful.
CYPRAMA.—Prate 1.
are perfectly unique ; it seems curious that Nature should
not have exercised her accustomed prodigality in the per-
petuation of these species, for instead of being the solitary
living witnesses of an extinct period of the world’s history
whose fauna only remains to us in a fossil state, they are
a new creation, framed with an exuberance of character
They are both
in the finest possible condition, and may certainly be re-
gardedas the most valuable shells yet discovered. The
next in value are the C. Broderipit and guttata ; of the
former, three specimens are known, two of which are in
this country; of the latter, five, of which we possess four.
Of distinguished rarities of smaller size may be mentioned
C. Cumingii, Saulie, xanthodon, similis, contaminata and
teres, all in our collections.
There is little to be said on the geographical distribution
of the Cowries except that they are strictly tropical. Only
one or two very small grooved species are found on our
own coast, and none larger than the C. /wvida in the Medi-
terranean. The C. Scoldii may be quoted as a fine exam-
ple of the New Holland region, and the C. awrora, which
is now a shell of frequent occurrence, of the Pacific. The
C. pantherina is brought in extraordinary abundance from
the Red Sea, but the great portion of the species are from
Mauritius, Ceylon, and other parts of the eastern world.
The genus Cyprea has been so fully and ably investigated
by Mr. Gray and Mr. Sowerby, that scarcely a species is
to be found which has not already been described and
figured ; I have only, therefore, in the absence of any
novelty in kind, to contribute such observations as may
appear to be worthy of recording.
quite unapproached by any other species.
Species 1. (Fig. a Mus. Saul. and 4. Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma Mavrirtana. Cypr. tesld subovatd, crassissind,
dorso gibboso-elevato, lateribus angulatis, basi concavo-
planulatd, apertura valde sinuosd, dentibus prominulis;
basi lateribusque nigricante-fuscis, dorso fulvo-fusco,
subfasciato, reticuld irregulari nigricante-fuscé super-
tecto, columella albicante.
Tue Mauritius Cowry. Shell subovate, very thick,
back elevated into a kind of hump, sides angulated,
base concavely flattened, aperture very sinuous, teeth
rather prominent; base and sides blackish brown,
back light fulvous brown, obscurely banded, covered
over with a reticulated coating of blackish-brown,
columella whitish.
Testa junior. (Fig. a.)
Pulvo-fusca, maculis luteis flammeolis triangularibus
promiscue aut subirregulariter trifasciatim ornatd.
Fulvous brown, ornamented with triangular yellowish
flame-like spots arranged either promiscuously or in
three irregular bands.
Testa juvenis.
Fulva, fusco fasciatim undata.
Yellow, with bands of waved brown.
Linnamus. Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176.
Hab. Island of Mauritius, Ceylon, &e.
The form of this shell is chiefly distinguished by the
hump-like elevation of the back, and concavity of the base.
Its primitive colouring in the Bulla form is a pale yellow,
over which the fulvous brown spreads in bands of waves;
in an intermediate state the waves become agglomerated,
and leave the yellow in triangular flame-like spots; and
when the teeth are fully developed, the sides become
thickened with a rich dark blackish-brown coating which
is thinly spread over the dorsal surface, opening into irre-
gular reticulations just as if its flow had been disturbed by
the intermixture of some oily liquid.
Such a variation of colour as is exhibited in this shell at
different stages of growth, has naturally given rise to
many errors among early writers which it is scarcely neces-
sary to enumerate. Gmelin describes it in its earliest state
as a Bulla, (Bulla eyprea,) and in its intermediate state as
a species (Cyprea trifasciata,) distinct from the adult.
Chemnitz figured a fine example of the middle stage of
growth, such as I have represented at fig. a, as “The
Queen of Cowries” (Cyprearum regina,) and other names
have been introduced of which no notice need be taken.
The Cyprea Mauritiana must be a mollusk of great,
muscular power, for its shell is truly the heaviest and
most solid of the series; the enamel round the sides is
deposited with remarkable thickness, and its appearance
altogether indicates a considerable degree of energy in the
testaceous properties of its inhabitant.
Species 2. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma Arapica. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi sub-
planulaté, lateribus plus minusve incrassatis; dorso
livido-fusco indistincté fasciato, lineis brevibus hiero-
glyphicis hic illic interruptis, vacuis orbicularibus for-
mantibus, longitudinaliter ornato ; basi albicante, plus
minusve rubido-fusco tinctd, lateribus maculis fusco-ni-
gricantibus promiscue pictis ; dentibus rubido-fuscis,
extremitatibus nigricantibus.
Tue Arapic Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, base rather flat-
tened, sides more or less thickened ; back livid-brown,
indistinctly banded, longitudinally ornamented with
short hieroglyphical lines, interrupted here and there
so as to form round vacant areas, base whitish ; more
CYPRAM#A.—Piate 1.
or less tinged with reddish brown, sides promis-
cuously painted with brownish black spots, teeth
reddish brown, extremities blackish.
Testa junior.
Livido-cerulescens, fusco undato-fasciata.
Livid-blue, banded with brown waves.
Variety Cyprea eglantina Duclos.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173.
Hab. Kastern Seas.
The Cyprea Arabica is well distinguished by the lines
of hieroglyphical character which cross the dorsal surface
from one extremity to the other, leaving a greater or less
number of circular vacancies showing the under coating ;
the sides are ornamented with a number of promiscuous
blackish spots, some of which are often partially obscured
by the overflowing of the brown-tinged milky enamel of
the base.
The young of this species appears to have been described
by Linnzeus in different states under the names of Cypree
fragilis and amethystea ; and an oblong livid-green variety
in which the Arabic lines are fine and rather close-set has
been named by Duclos Cyprea eglantina.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypR#A RETICULATA. Cypr. testd ovatd, lateribus dorso-
que gibbosis, lateribus valdé incrassatis ; dorso livido-
cerulescente, fuscescente obscure fasciato, reticuld
consummata fusca undique picto; basi lacted, maculis
purpureo-nigricantibus promiscue et creberrime picta ;
dentibus nigricante-fuscis.
THE RETICULATED Cowry. Shell ovate, sides and back
gibbous, sides very much thickened; back livid-blue,
obscurely banded with very pale brown, and painted
throughout with elaborate net-work; base milky
white, promiscuously and very closely painted with
purple-black spots ; teeth blackish brown.
Martyn, Universal Conchology, pl. 15.
Cyprea histrio, Gmelin, Lamarck.
Cyprea arlequina, Chemnitz.
Cyprea Arabica var., Gray.
Hab. Kastern Seas.
I quite agree with Lamarck in the propriety of distin-
guishing this shell from the Cyprea Arabica ; it is true
they run very closely into each other, but we must judge
of their typical difference. The Cyprea Arabica is of an
oblong form, marked with lines of hieroglyphical character
running from one extremity to the other, but interrupted
in such a manner here and there as to leave an irregular
display of vacancies showing the under layer of colouring
matter. In the Cyprea reticulata the under layer of
colouring matter is much more exposed, the dorsal surface
having merely a fine net-work thrown over it, the vacan-
cies In which are clear and definite. This peculiarity of
pattern in the Cowries has not been correctly repre-
sented by the term “spots”; it is only a deposite of
colouring matter such as characterizes the Cyprea tigris,
and the sides of these shells,,that can be termed spots.
These spot-like appearances are merely that visible portion
of the under layer of colouring matter which the light
fabric of the adult does not affect.
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CYPRAA.
Prats II.
Species 4. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@a Exusta. Cypr. testdé pyriformi-ovatd, antice con-
tracta, basi lateribusque rotundis, apertura subsinuosd,
extremitate posticd productd ; dentibus subtilibus nume-
rosis brevibus, interioribus plus minusve tritis; colu-
melle parte internd cum concavitate antica levigatis ;
dorso exusto-fusco, obscure fasciato, interdum flavescen-
te, extremitatibus lateribus basique piceo-nigris, dentum
interstitiis albidis, columelle parte anticd albidd,
THE scorcuep Cowry. Shell pyriformly ovate, con-
tracted anteriorly, base and sides rounded, aperture
subsinuous, posterior extremity produced ; teeth fine,
numerous, short, inner teeth more or less worn,
internal portion of the columella, together with the
anterior concavity, smooth, back dark burnt brown,
obscurely banded, sometimes yellowish, extremities
sides and base pitch-black, interstices between the
teeth whitish, anterior portion of the columella
whitish,
Sowersy, Conch. Tus. Cat. Cypreeade, No. 25.
f. 2%.
Cyprea talpa evusta, Gray.
Hab. Red Sea.
Although the differences between the Cypree talpa and
exusta are of so nice a character, they are nevertheless
uniform and constant. The distinguishing features of the
C. evusta consist in its rounded pyriform shape, peculiarly
pinched, as it were, at the anterior end, with the posterior
extremity more than usually produced under similar in-
fluence. The teeth are fine and merely marginal in the
outer lip whilst in the anterior concavity of the columella,
which is destitute of any colouring matter, and on the in-
ner portion, they are completely absorbed or abraded.
Another peculiarity in this species is that the dorsal surface
is usually of a rich dark burnt brown colour.
The Cyprea exusta first made its appearance among a
large importation of Cyprea pantherina. Some merchants
of Alexandria traded to some considerable extent, a few
years since, in the Panther Cowry of the Red Sea; a num-
ber of cases were sent to this country, containing from
three to four hundred pounds weight of them, and they
were publicly sold in the produce market. Amongst these
afew of the Cypree exusta and pulchra were found, but
none of the Cyprea talpa.
Species 5. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@A TALPA. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, oblonga,
lateribus angulato-rotundatis, basi subdepressd ; denti-
bus parvis, numerosis, interioribus columellam suboblique
et irregulariter transcurrentibus ; dorso Jlavescente,
obscure bi-trifasciato, eatremitatibus lateribus basique
exusto-vel nigricante-fuscis, dentum interstitiis albidis.
THE MoLE Cowry. Shell cylindrically ovate, oblong,
sides angularly rounded, base rather depressed ; teeth
running somewhat obliquely and irregularly across
the columella; dorsal surface pale yellow, obscurely
two or three-banded, extremities sides and base dark
burnt or blackish brown, interstices between the teeth
whitish.
Linn xus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1174.
Hab, Eastern Seas.
This species will be found upon comparison to differ
materially from the preceding in form. The Oyprea ex-
usta is of arounded pyriform shape, contracted towards
the anterior extremity; the Cypra talpa is of an oblong
cylindrical form with the base just sufficiently flattened to
give a slight angular character to the sides. The outer
teeth are not worn away, but very neatly developed across
the entire surface of the columella; the spire of the Cy-
prea talpa is less concealed by the superposition of the
basal coat of enamel ; the enamelling is altogether lighter,
and there are many appearances in the shell which seem
to indicate that the calcifying properties of its inhabitant
are of a less energetic character than those of the Cyprea
exusta.
It may be as well perhaps to notice that in the young
of this species, the shell is entirely yellow, with obscure
brown-tinged bands; the rich basal coating of dark ena-
mel is the last deposit in its formation.
Species 6. (Fig, @ and 6 Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma cervus. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenuiculd,
ventricosd, apertura latiusculd, antice patentiore, extre-
mitatibus anticis peculiariter plano-productis ; fulvo-
fused, maculis parviusculis numerosis, raro ocellatis,
ornatd ; dentibus nigricante-fuscis, internis confertis,
subirregularibus ; intus violaced.
Tue staG Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, ven-
November 1845.
CYPRAM#A.—Puate IT,
tricose, aperture rather wide, more open anteriorly, ante-
rior extremities peculiarly flatly produced ; fulvous brown,
ornamented with numerous rather small white spots, rarely
ocellated ; teeth blackish brown, the inner close-set and
rather irregular ; interior violet.
Testa junior. (Fig. 6. a.)
Testa junior fasciis quaternis latiusculis coeruleo-plumbeis
transversim radiata.
Younger shell transversely radiated with four rather broad
blueish lead-coloured bands.
Linnavs Mantissa, p. 548.
Cyprea cervina, Lamarck.
Cypree cervina and cervinetta Kiener, Deshayes.
Hab. Pacific Islands (under stones); Cuming.
This species is, as Chemnitz truly calls it, the * Cyprea-
rum maxima”’, peculiarly distinguished from its congener
the Cyprea exanthema by a light inflated growth, smaller
inocellated spots, and wider separation of the lip and colu-
mella anteriorly ; it has, however, a diminutive variety as
the name cervinetta, adopted by Kiener and Deshayes
implies. In this the colours are of a deeper hue, the
bands of the younger shell are of a leaden blue colour and
the basal coating of enamel in the adult is of a rich dark
brown.
The Cypree cervus and exanthema were frequently con-
founded together by early writers ; Gmelin and Schreiber
have even made four species of the different phases which
they exhibit at different periods of growth,—Cypr. plum-
bea, dubia, bifasciata and oculata. These synonymes are,
however, best left in obscurity ; in the present state of our
knowledge, with the means of figuring examples of all the
different stages of growth in the finest possible condition,
any errors that may have arisen from a less perfect state of
things, once exposed, had better remain unrecorded.
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Cypreea. [CML
CYPRAA.
Prate II.
Species 7. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA PANTHERINA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovata,
ventricosiusculd, extremitatibus subattenuatis, apertura
antice paululum hiante, dentibus parviusculis, preci-
pue columellaribus ; albidé, flavo rufove inquinatd, dorso
guttis nigricante-fuscis, interdum coeruleo-nebulatis aut
intense castaneis, profuse picto, lined dorsali ferrugineo-
rufa, lateribus sepe rufo aut violaceo tinctis.
THE PANTHER Cowry. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
rather ventricose, extremities slightly attenuated, aper-
ture a littly gaping at the anterior end, teeth rather
small, especially the columellar; whitish, besmeared
with red and yellow, back profusely painted with
intensely chesnut or blackish-brown spots, sometimes
clouded with blue, dorsal line rusty red, sides often
tinged with red or violet.
Testa junior.
Testa junior cinereo-viridescens, fulvo rufoque nebulata,
Younger shell ashy green, mottled with red and yellow.
SoranpER, Dillwyn, Cat. of Shells, v. 1. p. 449.
Cypree guttata and tigrina, Lamarck.
Monstrosity. Cyprea umbilicata, Sowerby.
Hab. Red Sea.
This shell, which has been received in extraordinary
abundance from the Red Sea, varies in colour from a pale
sickly white to a very deep chesnut red, profusely adorned
with small blackish-brown spots clouded with blue.
The shell, described and figured by Mr. Sowerby in the
Tankerville Catalogue, under thename of Cyprea umbilicata,
has been subsequently acknowledged a monstrosity.
The name éigrina, given to this species by Lamarck,
would certainly have been adopted had it not been pre-
viously used, though erroneously, by Gmelin. The names
given to shells by Dr. Solander are of no authority unless
adopted and printed by any subsequent naturalist ;
although they appear in a manuscript to which all the
world may have access, yet, they have never been strictly
published.
Species 8. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprxa Arcus. Cypr. testé ovato-oblongd, subcylindraced,
medio leviter contractd, aperturaé subangustd, dentibus
mediocris, numerosis ; lacteo-fuscescente, dorso trifas-
ciato, fasciis latis, diametrorum variorum annulis defor-
mibus fulvo-fuscescentibus, plus minusve numerosis, quo-
rum nonnullis impletis, promiscue picto, basi maculis
quaternis nigricante-castaneis ornatd, quarum duabus
columellaribus multd majoribus ; dentibus fusco-mar-
ginatis.
Tue Areus Cowry. Shell ovately oblong, somewhat
cylindrical, slightly contracted in the middle, aperture
rather narrow, teeth middling, numerous ; pale milky
brown, back three-banded, bands broad, promiscu-
ously painted with a greater or less number of mis-
shapen fulvous brown rings of different diameters,
some of which are filled in, base ornamented with
four large blackish chesnut spots, two on each side
the aperture, of which the columellar are much the
larger ; teeth edged with brown.
Testa juvenis.
Testa juvenis fulvescente-fusca, fasciis plurimis angustis, ma-
culis castaneis perpaucis irregularibus interruptis, cin-
gulata.
Young shell pale fulvous brown, encircled with several
narrow bands, interrupted with a very few irregular
chesnut blotches.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173.
Hab. Ceylon, Xe.
It is difficult to conceive from what peculiar modifica-
tion of the mantle, this shell receives its curious deposite
They are of very irregular size, and much more
numerous in some specimens than in others, one here and
there being filled up with colour. Ihave two or three
very young examples of this species in the Bulla form
collected by Mr. Cuming, but never remember to have seen’
it in the stage of growth, before the rings are diffused.
The Cyprea Argus is well named after the hundred-eyed
Avestorides, although its imaginary eyes vary in different
specimens from one to at least five hundred in number.
of rings.
Species 9. (Fig. a. Mus. Saul, Fig. 6. Mus. Cuming.)
CypR#HA TESTUDINARIA. Cypr. testa elongato-ovatd, sub-
cylindraced, crassa, extremitatem versus utrinque declivi-
bus, apertura angustd, dentibus parviusculis, numerosis ;
lacteo-fuscescente, dorso fulvo castaneoque nebulato et
maculato, punctulis albis furfuraceis profuse adsperso,
basi incarnato-fusca.
November 1845.
CYPRAH#A.—Prate III.
THE TORTOISE-SHELL Cowry. Shell elongately ovate,
somewhat cylindrical, thick, inclining steeply down
each side towards the extremity, aperture narrow,
teeth rather small, numerous; milky brown, back
clouded and spotted with fulvous and chesnut brown,
and profusely sprinkled with minute white scurf-like
dots, base flesh-tinged brown.
Testa junior.
Testa junior lacieo-fusca uniusmodi obscure fasciata, fasciis
circa columellam maculis castaners irreqularibus inter-
ruptis.
Young shell uniform pale milky brown, obscurely banded,
bands interrupted about the columella with irregu-
lar chesnut blotches.
Linnzvs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173.
Hab. Mauritius.
This is certainly a most characteristic species, unlike
any other of the genus both in form and colouring, which
latter, as its name implies, is of a rich tortoise-shell pat-
The chief peculiarity of the shell consists in its be-
ing sprinkled with a fine seurf of promiscuous white specks,
which may be observed to be imbedded at different depths
in the enamel ; and it is only in the last coating of enamel
that this scurf oceurs.
Tn the young shell there are several bands of interrupted
chesnut-brown blotches, very irregular in size, and more or
less obscure in appearance; they begin to change as the
second stage of growth is proceediug, and entirely dis-
appears during the progress of the third.
tern.
Cyprea. Fl. IV.
Reeve, imp
126
CYPRAA.
Puate IV.
Species 10. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma Scorrir. Cypr. testd oblongo-naviformi, extremi-
tatibus contractis et erecto-recurvis, apertura angustd,
sinuatd, dentibus parvis, numerosis, interioribus plus
minusve obsoletis, exterioribus, quorum nonnullis medi-
anis bipartitis, brevibus ; dorso cinereo-ceerulescente,
flavescente-fusco promiscue maculato et nebulato, bast
lateribusque piceo-fuscis.
Scorr’s Cowry. Shell oblong-boat-shaped, extremities
contracted and erectly recurved, aperture narrow, sinu-
ated, teeth small, numerous, the inner more or less
obsolete, the outer, some of the middle of which are
bipartite, short ; back pale ashy blue, promiscuously
blotched and clouded with yellowish brown, base and
sides dark pitchy brown.
Variety 8.
Testa brevior, dorso gibboso-elevato, maculis omnind nebula-
tis; dentibus exterioribus basem super transcurrentibus.
Shell shorter, back gibbously elevated, with the spots
wholly clouded into each other; outer teeth running
across the base.
Testa junior.
Testa junior cceruleo-lactea, obscure fasciata, maculis flaves-
cente-fuscis hic illic ornata, columelle basi albicante.
Younger shell blueish milky colour, obscurely banded, or-
namented here and there with pale yellowish-brown
blotches; base of the columella whitish.
Testa juvenis.
Testa juvenis uniusmodi lacteo-aurantia, columella basi nived.
‘Young shell uniform milky orange colour, base of the co-
lumella snowy white.
BropertrP, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 330. pl. 14. f. 1.
and 2.
Cypraa Friendii, Gray.
Hab. Swan River, New Holland. Variety 8. Port Lincoln,
New Holland.
This very striking species was introduced about fourteen
years since, by Mr. Broderip, in the Zoological Journal,
from two eroded specimens, brought by the Rey. Arch-
deacon Scott, from Angia, in the Island of Java. Since
then, several examples in the finest possible condition have
been received from Swan River, New Holland, with a very
characteristic variety from Port Lincoln of the same conti-
tinent ; and I am now enabled to give an amended de-
scription of it in different states of growth. The shell in
its first Bulla, or rather Cymba, form, is of an uniform
pure clear milky orange colour, it then assumes a blueish
tinge disposed in obscure bands, and begins to show a few
bright tortoise-shell brown blotches, which rapidly accu-
mulate, as exhibited in the adult, long before there is any
indication of teeth. This is an arrangement different to
that of most Cowries, in which the teeth are chiefly de-
veloped before the last layer of colouring matter is depo-
sited. The sides and base then become thickened with an
extremely rich pitchy brown coating of enamel, and the
extremities compressed and turned upwards.
The variety from Port Lincoln differs most conspicuously
both in form and colour; it is much shorter, the back is
swollen and elevated almost into a hump, the extremities
are blunted, and the outer teeth, which in the Swan River
variety are scarcely more than marginal, extend across the
base, especially the anterior portion, in grooved prominent
ridges. The inner teeth of this species are very obscure ;
indeed, the columella is mostly edentulate.
The young of this species and several others will be fi-
cured together at the close of the monograph.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma aurantium. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatd, ventri-
cosa, immaculatd, dorso dentibus interstitiisque vivide
aurantiis, basi lateribus et extremitatibus lacteis.
Tur oraNGe Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose,
unspotted, back, teeth, and interstices bright orange,
base, sides, and extremities milk-white.
Testa junior.
Testa junior columella vivide aurantid.
Younger shell with the columella bright orange.
Martyn, Universal Conchology, vol. 2. f. 59.
TL’ Orange, Favame.
Cyprea aurora, Solander, MSS. Chemnitz.
Hab, Taheite, Pacific Islands.
The history of ‘this rare and beautiful species has been
so often described, that it only remains to call attention
to an interesting example in the British Museum, not quite
November 1845.
CYPRMA.—Ptate IV.
arrived at maturity, in which the columella is of the same
rich orange as the back, prior to the layer of white ena-
mel being deposited.
Species 12. Fig. a. and 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypra TIGRIS. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, basi plano-
concavd, dentibus majusculis ; dorso albido aut flaves-
cente, guttis nigricantibus majusculis, ceeruleo nebulatis,
promiscue picto, basi nived, immaculata.
Tue TrIGpR Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose, base flatly
concave, teeth rather large ; back whitish or yellow-
‘ish, promiscuously painted with rather large blackish
blue-clouded spots ; base snowy white, unspotted.
Testa junior.
Testa junior albida, flammis ferrugineis undatis subdistanti-
bus ornata.
Younger shell whitish, ornamented with rather distant
zigzag rusty brown flames.
Testa juvenis.
Testa juvenis uniusmodi castanea, albido-flavicante interdum
interrupta et fasciata.
Young shell uniform chesnut, sometimes interrupted and
banded with pale yellow.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176.
Hab, EKastern Seas.
Testa junior, Cyprea flammea, Gmelin.
The progress of this shell exhibits a curious variety in
the style of colouring :—first, it is a uniform chesnut bay,
the colour then breaks up, as it were, into bands of close-
set waved blotches of a richer hue, a coating of white is
then superimposed, and upon that is deposited a series of
rather distant zigzag flames, such as are represented at
The rich colourmg of the first state is now, there-
fore, concealed, and nothing is seen but a few zigzag
fig. a.
flames upon a white ground ; the teeth are forming in the
mean time, and a few spots of colour make their appear-
ance round the outer side. In the next state of the shell,
a second layer of white enamel is superimposed, a thinner
and more delicate stratum than the preceding, through
which the zigzag flames may be seen of a milky hue; and,
upon this surface a number of dark spots are deposited.
These are again overspread by a third white coating, in-
termixed with numerous rich black and brown spots, show-
ing, for the first time, a narrow dorsal hiatus, mostly
edged with reddish brown with the first deposite of dark
spots, thus overspread, of a blueish milky hue.
I cannot resist inserting the following interesting obser-
vations on the habits of this species by Mr. Broderip.
“Mr. Samuel Stutchbury, who had an opportunity of
examining many individuals of C. ¢igris at the Pearl Is-
lands, informed me that these cowries lived there in very
shallow water, and always under rolled masses of Madre-
pore. ‘They never were to be seen exposed to the sun’s
rays. On lifting one of these masses, a Tiger Cowry was
generally observed with its shell entirely covered by the
large mantle which was mottled with dark colours, the in-
tensity of which the animal seemed to have the power of
changing ; for the colour varied in the same light and in
the same medium, after the manner of the spots on the
Cephalopodous Mollusca, or, to use a more familiar in-
stance, somewhat in the same way that the hues of a
turkey-cock’s wattle vary. On touching the mantle, it
was immediately withdrawn within the shell, which became
exposed in all its briliancy. So firmly did the soft parts
adhere to the shell, that, in no instance, (and the experi-
ment was often made) did Mr. Stutchbury succeed in ex-
tracting them by force, either during life, or before decom-
position took place. He was obliged to let the animal
die, and suffer the soft parts to decay, in order to remove
them.’ —Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 163.
Cypraa. IL).
CYPRAA.
Puate V.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#a Broperipit. Cypr. testa ovata, ventricosd, eras-
siusculd, dentibus numerosis, conspicuis, columellaribus
longiusculis, regularibus ; dorso roseo et flavido-albicante
obscure fasciato, reticuld irregulari aurantio-fuscescente
maculisque niveis latera versus ornato, lateribus et ex-
tremitatibus fuscescentibus, basi fuscescente, roseo-au-
rantio tincté ; dentibus albidis.
Bropertie’s Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose, rather thick,
teeth numerous, rather long and regular; back ob-
seurely banded with yellowish white and rose-pink,
and ornamented with a pale orange-brown net-work,
with snow-white spots towards the sides, sides and
extremities drab-brown, base of the same colour
tinged with a warm glow of rose-orange ; teeth white.
Gray, Descriptive Catalogue (inedit).
Sowerby, Conchological Hlustrations, Cat. Cypreade,
no. 20. f. 2.
Hab. Island of Madagascar (found on the reefs); Rev.
W. V. Hennah.
Of this beautiful and very characteristic species only
three specimens have yet been discovered, two, now be-
fore me, from the collections of Mr. Cuming and Miss
Saul, and one in some private collection, I believe, in the
United States. Although it partakes in some measure,
of the characters of the Cypree vitellus and nivosa, it is
perfectly distinguished from both by its fine columellar
teeth, delicate rose-pink and rose-orange colouring, and
superincumbent deposite of brown net-work. As in most
highly enamelled Cowries the base is radiated with fine
hair-like scratches.
It is a beautiful species, and honours the name of a gen-
tleman highly esteemed in the conchological world, and to
whose princely zeal our national collection is indebted for
the great treasures of the genus.
Species 14. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA VITELLUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, crassa,
anticé leviter attenuatd, dentibus fortiusculis, dorso
fulvo-spadiceo, guttis niveisvarie magnitudinis adsperso,
lateribus olivaceo-fuscis, arenaceis, striatis ; basi, ex-
tremitatibus, dentibus, interstitiisque roseo-albicantibus,
THE LITTLE CALF Cowry. Shell ovate, ventricose,
thick, anteriorly slightly attenuated, teeth rather
strong, back fulvous bay colour, sprinkled with snow-
white spots of various sizes, sides olive-brown, arena-
ceous, striated ; base, extremities, teeth, and the in-
terstices between them pinkish white.
Testa junior.
Testa junior olivaceo-cinerea, obscure fasciata, immaculata.
Younger shell olive-ash colour, obscurely banded, unspotted.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176.
Hab. Eastern Seas.
This species is strongly characterized by the curious
sand-like strize with which the sides are coloured, and the
miniature firmament of spots, of different degrees of mag-
nitude, which adorn the whole of the dorsal surface.
Whether Linneeus named this shell from vitellus, a lit-
tle calf, or vitedlus, the yolk of an egg, I am unable to de-
termine, for it resembles one as much as the other.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRMA STERCORARIA. Cypr. testd ovata, subventricosd,
anticé contracta, lateribus angulatis, basi concavo-de-
pressd, apertura sinuosd, anticé hiante, columelle con-
cavitate anticd ampli, profunda ; undique livido-oliva-
cei, dorso castaneo-fusco maculato et nebulato ; denti-
bus albidis.
Tue soiLepD Cowry. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, con-
tracted anteriorly, sides angulated, base concavely
depressed, aperture sinuous, gaping anteriorly, ante-
rior concavity of the columella large, deep ; livid olive
colour throughout, back spotted and clouded with
chesnut brown, teeth whitish.
Testa junior.
Testa junior cinereo-fusca, fasciis olivaceo-fuscis quinis se-
nisve picta, immaculata.
Younger shell ashy brown, painted with five or six olive
brown bands, unspotted.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176.
Cypree stercoraria and rattus, Lamarck.
Cypree olivacea, gibba, and conspurcata, Gmelin.
Testa antiquata, Cyprea cauteriata, Chemnitz.
Testa junior, Cyprea fasciata, Chemnitz,
November 1845.
CYPRMHA.—Puate V.
Hab. Persian Gulf; coast of Africa.
The sinuous character of the aperture, and the anterior
concavity of the columella are curiously exaggerated in this
species; its uniform olivaceous cast of colour is also pecu-
liar. The younger shell has a kind of hump-like elevation
on the back, and is of an ashy or greyish brown with five
olive bands upon, and anterior to, the dorsal elevation, and
one of more indistinct character round the spire.
Species 16. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA EXANTHEMA. Oypr. testd elongato-ovatd, crassi-
usculd, extremitatibus subtruncatis, dorso fulvo-fusco,
maculis albidis rotundis, quarum nonnullis, precipue ad
latera, ocellatis, ornato; basi pallidé fulvd, dentibus
castaneo-fuscis.
THE MEASLED Cowry. Shell elongately ovate, rather
thick, extremities slightly truncated, back fulvous
brown, ornamented with round white spots, some of
which, especially at the sides, are ocellated, base pale
fulvous, teeth chesnut brown.
Testa junior.
Testa junior fasciis ceeruleo-plumbeis ornata.
Younger shell ornamented with blueish lead colour.
Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1172.
Testa Junior, Cyprea zebra, Linneus.
Hab. West Indies; on the reefs.
The chief peculiarities of distinction between this and
the Cyprea cervus, are its more elongated form, solid and
heavier growth, more contracted aperture and, ocellated
character of the spots.
Cyprea. [0 Ve
Sowerby del et hth
CYPRAA.
Prats VI.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPREA MELANOSTOMA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, ex-
tremitatibus prominentibus, utrinquesubfoveolatis ; dorso
ceeruleo-aut cinereo-fasciato, floccis niveis elevatiusculis
adsperso, extremitatibus basique lacteis, dentum colu-
mellarium interstitiis purpureo-nigricantibus.
THE BLACK-MouTH Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi-
ties prominent, indented on both sides ; back blueish
or ashy brown, very faintly banded, sprinkled with
slightly elevated snow-like flakes, base and extremi-
ties milk-white, interstices of the columellar teeth
purple-black.
Leatuts, MSS. Sowerby, Tankerville Cat. App. p. xxxi.
and Zool. Journal, vol. 2. p. 495. pl. 18. f. 3. and 4.
Cypreacameleopardalis, Gray ; (Perry haudrecognitus).
Hab. Red Sea.
It is not easy to conceive any two shells with such an
apparent resemblance as the Cypree melanostoma, and
vitellus, capable of differing more essentially on examina-
tion. In the former, the extremities are prominently
up-turned, the white flakes are of a blueish enamel-like
tinge and slightly raised, the interstices between the colu-
mellar teeth stained with purple-black, and there is no in-
dication of those peculiar lateral sand-lines which consti-
tute so striking a peculiarity in the latter. The younger
shell of the C. melanostoma differs from the adult in being
unspotted, in the base and extremities not being thickened,
and in the absence of the purple-black colouring of the
columellar grooves.
Since Mr. Sowerby described this species in the Tan-
kerville Catalogue, under Mr. Leathes’ manuscript name of
Cyprea melanostoma, it has been published by one or two
authors under that of Cyprea cameleopardalis, from its
having been thus originally named by one Mr. Perry ; the
writings of this person have, however, been censured a
mass of buffoonery wholly unworthy of credit. So much
has been already said on this subject by Mr. Sowerby,
(Zoological Journal vol. iv. p. 218.) that it only remains to
state how fully I concur in the opinion there recorded. If
every charlatan who sets himself up for a naturalist, with
brush in one hand, and writing-tool in the other, is to be
regarded as an authority on scientific matters ; all the zoo-
logical sign-boards in the kingdom might be quoted as
figures of reference. For my own part, I consider that the
““Cameleopard of Perry” should no more enter the nomen-
clature of zoology, than the “ Red Lion of Brentford.”
Species 18. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassa, extre-
mitatibus subobtusis, declivibus, dentibus numerosis,
columellaribus hic illic bifurcatis, dorso pallid? violaceo-
Suscescente, lineis rubido-fuscis hieroglyphicis longitu-
CYPRHA MAPPA.
dinalibus confertis consummate picto ; hiatu dorsali an-
gusto, peculiariter ramoso, lateribus violaceo-fusco gut-
tatis, basi violascente, maculd grandi violaceo-fuscé
sinistrorsum ornatd ; dentibus vivide crocato-rubris.
THE Map Cowry.
rather obtuse, inclined downwards, teeth numerous,
the columellar teeth here and there bifurcated, back
violet brown, elaborately painted with close-set red-
dish brown lines of hieroglyphical character; dorsal
opening narrow, peculiarly branched, sides dotted with
violet brown, base tinged with violet, ornamented
with a large violet brown blotch on the left side ;
teeth bright saffron-red.
Variety p.
Testa brevior, gibbosiuscula, eatremitatibus basique sangui-
Shell oblong-ovate, thick, extremities
neo-tinctis, basi immaculatd, dentibus pallide incarnatis.
Shell shorter, more gibbous, extremities and base blood-
red tinged, base unspotted, teeth pale flesh-colour.
Testa junior.
Testa junior violaceo-fuscescens, pallide nebulata, lineis fulvo-
Suscescentibus hieroglyphicis ad latus sinistrorsum picta,
Younger shell clouded or mottled with pale violet brown,
and painted on the left side with fulvous-brown hie-
roglyhical lines.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173.
Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ;
’. ~ ~
Cuming.
There is a peculiarity in the progressive arrangement of
the colouring matter of this species which I believe has not
been hitherto noticed; namely, that there are two layers
of ornamental pattern, one over the other.
The ornamental character with which the dorsal surface
of the Cowries is mostly painted, appears to be the last
effort in the formation of the shell. The previous infu-
sions of colour rarely exhibit anything more than a dull
confusion of waves, clouds, or bands; no ornamental device
appears until the shell is on the eve of maturity ;—the
beauty of the architecture is reserved for the final decora-
tion of the building. In the Cyprea mappa, we have an
exception to this order of arrangement; a layer of pale
hieroglyphical painting, greatly resembling, except in co-
lour, thatof the Cyprea Arabica, is deposited by the animal
on the left side chiefly, while yet in a very immature state
of growth, and on arriving at maturity, another and richer
layer is superimposed upon the former, which in most
specimens may be faintly seen beneath it.
The two varieties of this species above noted are very
distinct, especially in regard to colour; one has a violet
base, bright saffron-red teeth, and a large dark blotch
upon the left base; the other is of a warm hue with blood-
red tinged base and extremities, no spot, and teeth of
November 1845.
CYPRMHA.—Prate VI.
fuint flesh-colour. The curious ramifications of the dorsal
line indicate corresponding jagged edges to the lobes of
the mantle.
Species 19. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA CARNEOLA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassa, ex-
tremitatibus subobtusis, dorso carneolo, fasctis quaternis
quinisve saturatioribus ornato, basi lateribusque pallide
fulvis, lateribus plus minusve arenaceis, dentibus inter-
stitiisque vivide violaceis.
THE CARNELION Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, ex-
tremities rather obtuse, back pale flesh-colour, orna-
mented with four or five bands of a deeper flesh tint,
base and sides pale fulvous, sides more or less arena-
ceous, teeth and interstices deep violet.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1174.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean, (on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
This species is, perhaps, more variable in size than any
other of the genus; there is no change of colour on the
dorsal surface throughout its entire growth, but the are-
naceous deposite round the sides, and the bright violet
colouring of the teeth, both of which peculiarities are ex-
tremely characteristic, do not appear until the shell arrives
at maturity.
Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)
CypR@A PRINCEPS. Cypr. testa orbiculato-ovatd, tenui-
culd, ventricosissimd, dorso valdé elevato, utrinque de-
clivi; apertura subangustd, sinuosd, dentibus numerosis,
extremitatibus subretusis, basi plano-convexd ; dorso
luteolo, roseo-purpurascente, basem versus pallidiore,
tincto, medio characteribus rha-coloreis undulatis pro-
fuse picto, macula grandi saturatiore, characteribus
perpaucis hieroglyphicis, utringue nebulato ; extremita-
tibus lineis fuscis tribus irregularibus, quarum mediana
fortissind, concentrice ornatis, extremitate posticd striis
concentricis plurimis fuscescentibus subtilibus supra
spire apicem occultam ; lined dorsali subcentrali, recta,
lateribus guttis ceeruleis et fuscis ornatis, quarum non-
nullis fortibus distinctis, nonnullis nebulatis indistinctis ;
dentibus niveis, per columellam pallidé rufo-fuscescenti-
bus.
Tae Prince Cowry. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather thin,
extremely ventricose, back considerably elevated, steep
on each side, aperture rather narrow, sinuous, teeth
numerous, extremities rather blunt, base flatly con-
vex; back yellowish, tinged with rose-purple, fainter
towards the base, profusely painted in the middle
with waved rhubarb-colour characters, clouded on
each side with a squarish spot of darker colow on
which there are afew dark hierogh hical characters ;
extremities concentrically adorned with three irregu-
lar brown lines, of which the middle is the strongest,
the posterior extremity having several finer light
brown concentric striz beyond the concealed spire ;
dorsal line straight, nearly central; sides ornamented
with blue and brown spots of which some are strong
and distinct, some clouded and indistinct; teeth
snowy white, pale reddish brown across the colu-
mella.
Gray, Zoological Journal. vol. 1. p. 75.
Cyprea Valentia, Perry (haud recognitus).
Hab. Persian Gulf.
Having already spoken of the exceeding value and rarity
of this remarkable shell, in my introductory observations
to the genus, it only remains to add a more detailed his-
tory of its specific character.
The Cyprea princeps presents an association of character
of which we find no approximation in any other species.
It is of a rather light thinnish structure, swelling out on
both sides with peculiar rotundity and rising in the mid-
dle to a lofty obtuse hump forming a steep incline ante-
riorly and posteriorly to the extremities. (I now regret
not having decided upon a lateral view of this shell ; as it
is impossible to convey an accurate notion of this dorsal
hump-like elevation by its position in the accompanying
figure, which was selected in order to obtain a more cor-
rect representation of its makings than has hitherto ap-
peared.) The general tone of colour is a pale yellow at
the top, changing into a purple-pink wash at the sides,
and thence into white at the base. The middle is painted
with a close-set profusion of small waved rhubarb-yellow
characters, with a central straight dorsal line, and a large
rhomboidal dark clouded blotch on each side the dorsal
acclivity, the left of which is the more diffused. Both of
these blotches are painted with strong hieroglyphical marks
of a very decided character. Around the extremities are
three irregular concentric brown lines a little raised, or ap-
parently so, the middle of which is the strongest ; and on
the posterior end of the shell are from six to seven con-
centric faint brown strize immediately above the three dark
lines just spoken of. The teeth are rather small, numerous,
and white, except on crossing the columella, where they
are reddish-brown. The sides are white, marked with
small scattered spots of which the uppermost are brown,
partaking of the wpper region of colour, and distinct, whilst
those towards the base receive a blue-clouded appearance
from the overflowing of the milk-white enamel of the base.
The only record we have of this shell’s history is, that
it was in ‘“‘ Old Humphrey’s” collection under the name of
“The Brindled Cowry of the Persian Gulf,’ and it re-
mains in our national collection a curious exception to the
favourite axiom of Linneeus,— Natwra non facit saltum.”
Cypran Fl VIL
Ree ve imp
et hth
CY PRA A.
Piate VII.
Species 21. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA sPaDIcHa. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, subpyri-
formi, anticé attenuata, aperturé angusta, dentibus cras-
siusculis, brevibus; dorso spadiceo, latera versus ustu-
lato-fusco nebulato, guttis nigricantibus seriatim undato-
marginato, lateribus rosaceo-albis, obscurissimé nigro-
guttatis, dentibus basique albis.
THE CHESNUT-BAY Cowry. Shell ovately oblong, some-
what pyriform, attenuated anteriorly, aperture narrow,
teeth rather thick, short ; back chesnut-bay, clouded
towards the sides with burnt brown, edged with a
waved row of confused blackish spots, sides pinkish
white, showing very obscure dark spots, teeth and
base white.
Swarnson, Phil. Mag. vol. lxi. p. 370. Zool. Dlus. pl. 182.
Hab. ?
This species may be recognised by its peculiar burnt-
brown colouring, which looks at first sight as if it had been
artificially obtained by the action of acid. It is still one
of great rarity, in fine condition, and I have not seen it in
any other state than the adult. The dorsal area of burnt-
brown clouding is edged on both sides by a row of con-
fused blackish spots ; and I am inclined to think, that du-
ring the intermediate state of growth the right side is en-
tirely tessellated with these spots, regular in size, and
neatly equidistant from each other, on a burnt-brown
ground; a faint indication of this style of colouring may
be seen through the white coating of the sides, which has,
in consequence, a dull pinky appearance.
Species 22. (Fig. a and 6. Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma Leucostoma. Cypr. testé depresso-ovatd, crassa,
basi turgidd, extremitatibus posterioribus incrassatis,
sinistra precipue, apertura subangustd, columella eden-
tuld, labro externo anticé obsoletissime dentato; dorso
cinereo-fusco, macula castaned elongata, lined dorsali
pallidé ramosa percurrente, medio picto; lateribus albi-
dis, guttis numerosis cinereo-fuscis fulvo-nebulatis pro-
Suse aspersis, basi alba.
THE WHITE-mMouTH Cowry. Shell depressly subovate,
thick, swollen at the base, posterior extremities
thickened, especially the left, aperture rather narrow,
columella destitute of teeth, outer lip very faintly
toothed anteriorly; ashy brown, painted along the
middle with an elongated chesnut blotch, through
which runs a pale branched dorsal opening; sides
whitish, profusely sprinkled with ash-brown fulvous-
clouded spots, base white.
GaskoIn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845.
Cyprea mus. var. Sowerby, Conch. Tus. f. 157.
Hab. Mocha; Sowerby.
The Cyprea leucostoma has been very properly distin-
guished, by Mr. Gaskoin, from the Cyprea mus, on ac-
count of the following peculiarities. The base is white,
the columella is entirely destitute of teeth, and only the
faintest indication of teeth is to be found on the outer lip.
The sides are more distinctly spotted, and the dorsal line
has a peculiar branched character. Out of ten or a dozen
examples of this shell which I have seen within the last few
days, there is not the slightest modification of any of these
features into those of the Cyprea mus. I have not seen
the shell in an intermediate state of growth, but the colu-
mella mostly exhibits a portion of its colouring at that
age ;—a close series of concentric brown festoons upon a
yellowish-white ground.
Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)
CYPREA LEUCODON. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, dorso
gibboso, elevato, basi convexd, apertura posticé sinuosd,
extremitatibus prominentibus, leviter recurvis, dentibus
utringue fortibus, elongatis, insterstitiis profunde sulca-
tis ; dorso rufescente aut flavescente-fusco, guttis rotun-
dis albidis subamplis hic illic asperso, basi pallidiore,
striis subtilissimis transverse notatd ; dentibus eburneis ;
hiatu dorsali latiusculo, ad dextrum latus approximante.
THE WHITE-TooTtH Cowry. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, back gibbous, elevated, base convex, aperture
sinuous posteriorly, extremities prominent, slightly
recurved, teeth strong on both sides, elongated, in-
terstices deeply grooved; back reddish or yellowish-
brown, sprinkled here and there with rather large
round white spots, base paler, marked transversely
with fine striae, teeth ivory white; dorsal hiatus
rather broad, approaching the right side.
Broperip, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 163. pl. 6.
Hab. B
December 1845.
CYPRHA.—Puats VII.
This is another species of Cowry which our national col-
lection can alone boast of possessing. The dorsal surface,
of which I have given a more characteristic view than has
yet been published, is of a yellowish reddish-brown,
sprinkled with rather large round white spots, clouded,
two and two, one refracting upon the other, like floating
particles of oil. The base is thickly crossed with fine stria-
like scratches, and the teeth are developed with remark-
able intensity,—an exaggeration, as it were, of those of the
The posterior margin of the shell
exhibits on the right side a number of wart-like protube-
rances ; and there is a pale concentric mark over each ex-
tremity.
Cyprea sulcidentata.
Species 24. (Fig. a. and . Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA MUS.
basi plano-depressd, apertura subsinuosd, dentibus bre-
vissimis, columellaribus plus minusve obsoletis, medianis
precipue, eatremitate posticd dextrd prominente ; dorso
interdum verrucis nonnullis postice munito, cinereo-vel
olivaceo-fusco marmorato, latera versus precipur, hiatu
dorsali pallido, marginibus rufo-fuscescentibus, guttis
deformibus aterrimo-fuscis, interdum in vicinid aspersis,
Cypr. testé ovatd, lateribus gibbosiusculis,
utrinque irregulariter pictis, maculd intensd ad extre-
mitatem posticam, basi cinereo-fuscd, dentibus atro-fus-
cts, columella ustulato-fusco tincta.
THE MovusE Cowry. Shell oval, sides rather gibbous, base
rather flatly depressed, aperture a little sinuous, teeth
very short, the columellar teeth more or less obsolete,
especially the middle, the right posterior extremity
obsolete; back sometimes furnished posteriorly with
a few wart-like protuberances, olive-brown, marbled,
especially towards the side, dorsal hiatus pale, edges
faint reddish brown, irregularly painted on both sides
with very black-brown variously shaped spots, some-
times sprinkled in the vicinity, and an intense blotch
of the same colour at the posterior end, base olive
ash-brown, teeth black-brown, columella stained with
burnt brown.
Testa junior.
Testa junior ventricosissima, pallide cinereo-fusca, longitudi-
naliter peculiariter undata, maculé atro-fuscd supra
extremitatem posticam.
Younger shell very ventricose, pale ash-brown, longitudi-
nally peculiarly waved, with a black brown blotch
above the posterior extremity.
Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1176.
Hab. ?
It will be seen by the foregoing description how mate-
rially this shell varies from the Cyprea leucostoma, which
might at first sight be easily mistaken for it. The base of”
the Cyprea mus is of an olive ash-brown colour without
any appearance of spots, there are always afew short teeth
in the columella, and the outer teeth are very much more
defined; there is also a great peculiarity in the general
colouring of the shell which is distributed into waves like
a rippled cloud.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma Nivosa. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovaté, crassiusculd,
extremitatibus brevibus, subrecurvis, dentibus columella-
ribus subtilibus , dorso fulvo-fuscescente, floccis punc-
tisque varie magnitudinis promiscue adsperso, dentibus
basique lutescente-albis, hiatu dorsali latiusculo, inter-
dum confuse ramoso, ad latus dextrum approximante.
THE SNOW-FLECKED Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thick, extremities short, a little recurved, columellar
teeth fine ; back pale fulvous-brown, promiscuously
flecked with snow spots, and specks of various size,
teeth and base yellowish white, dorsal hiatus rather
wide, sometimes confusedly branched, approximating
to the right side.
Broperip, Zool. Journal, v. 3. p. 84. pl. 4. f. 1.
Cyprea dama, Kiener (Perry haud recognitus.)
Hab. iy
An excellent species, and admirably figured in the
Zoological Jounal. From Cyprea vitellus, with which it
might be confounded, it differs by its more oblong form,
more irregular and confused assemblage of spots and —
specks, and entire absence of arenaceous strie; the colu-
mellar teeth are also longer and finer, and the colour a
peculiar fulvous bay. From Cyprea melanostoma, which
is also destitute of arenaceous strize, it differs materially in
form, and the spots, which in that species are raised, are
of a totally different colour and character.
©
(yp l@a Lt Vk.
JO
Reeve imp
i
CYPRAA.
Species 26. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprza pyruM. Cypr. testé pyriformi-ovatd, postice um-
bilicatd, extremitate posticéd dextrii subproductd, denti-
bus brevibus, subevilibus ; dorso fulvo-lutescente, ob-
scure quadrifasciato, castaneo-fusco copiose marmorato,
basi, extremitatibus lateribusque aurantio-rufis, dentibus
pallidis, interstitiis subrosaceis, lateribus interdum cas-
taneo-fuscis, fusco suturatiore obscure punctatis.
Tur pear Cowry. Shell pyriformly ovate, posteriorly
wmbilicated, right posterior extremity somewhat pro-
duced, teeth short, rather faint ; back fulvous yellow,
obscurely four-banded, copiously marbled with rich
chesnut brown; base, extremities, and sides deep
orange-red, teeth pale, interstices tinged with pink,
sides sometimes chesnut brown, obscurely dotted with
darker brown.
Testa junior.
Testa junior lutescens, incarnato-fuscescente quadrifasciata,
luteo-fusco subtilissime marmorata, bast lacteo-aurantid.
Younger shell yellowish, crossed with four broad flesh-
brown bands, very finely marbled with yellowish
brown, base milky orange.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. 3411.
Cyprea flavescens, Born.
Cyprea rufa, Lamarck.
Hab. African shores of the Mediterranean.
This is the most northern species of Cyprea with such
a brilliant display of colouring ; the base and sides are of
a deep orange-red, and the back is richly marbled with
chesnut brown upon a yellowish four-banded ground. The
teeth are somewhat faintly developed, and do not make
their appearance until the shell is on the eve of maturity.
Species 27. (Fig. a. and 4. Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR@HA ARENOSA. Cypr. testé orbiculari-ovatd, crassis-
simd, subdepressd, lateribus turgidis, apertura angustd,
extremitatibus retusis, basi convead, dentibus minutis, nu-
merosis, columellaribus subtilissimis elongatis, exteriori-
bus brevibus ; dorso ceruleo-cinereo, fasciis quaternis
carneolo-fuscis ornato, lateribus cinereo-fuscis, supra
arenaceo-striatis, basi eburned.
THE SANDY Cowry. Shell orbicularly ovate, very thick,
Pruate VIII.
somewiat depressed, sides swollen, aperture narrow,
extremities blunt, base convex, teeth minute, nume-
rous, the columellar very fine and elongated, the outer
short; back blueish ash-colour, ornamented with four
carnelion-brown bands, sides ash-brown, arenaceously
striated above, base ivory-white.
Testa junior.
Testa junior oblongo-ovata, fuscescens, fasciis quaternis car-
neolis cingulata.
Young shell oblong-ovate, pale brown, encircled with four
carnelion bands.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 148. pl. 7. and 12. f. 6.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
The plan of colouring in this species, and the two
which follow, offers an exception to the general rule -—
in the dorsal surface of the shell receiving no new orna-
mental distribution of colour on arriying at maturity. The
calcifying energies of the mantle at an advanced stage of
growth are exclusively directed, and with more than usual
force, to the thickening of the sides, accompanied in the
present species by a dull brown deposite of colour, throw-
ing up a number of fine arenaceous striae.
The banded layer of enamel in the Cypree@ arenosa, ven-
triculus, and sulcidentata, is therefore analogous to the in-
termediate banded layer of most Cowries, and to the dor-
sal hiatus, of which the Cyprea talpa, carneola, and pulchra
exhibit still more exaggerated modifications.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPREA VENTRICULUS.
lateribus turgidis, subangulatis, extremitatibus retusis,
basi subconcavo-depressd ; dorso ceruleo aut livido-cine-
reo, fasciis quaternis carneolis ornato, lateribus nigri-
Cypr. testd ovatd, crassissind,
cante-castaneis, supra rubidis, infra fumeo-albicantibus,
striis subtilissimis copiose exorientibus ; basi albicante.
THE VENTRICLE Cowry. Shell ovate, very thick, sides
swollen, rather angulated, extremities blunted, base
somewhat concavely depressed ; back blueish or livid
ash, ornamented with four carnelion bands, sides
blackish chesnut, red above, smoky white beneath,
with a number of very fine striz rising ; base whitish.
December 1845.
CYPRMA.—Puate VIII.
Testa junior.
Testa junior pallidé fulvescens, fasciis quaternis carneolis
cingulata.
Younger shell pale fulvous, encircled with four carnelion
bands.
Lamarck, Ann. du mus. p. 452.
Cyprea achatina, Solander MSS. Dillwyn.
Cyprea carneola, Martyn.
Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
Lamarck appears to have published this species under
the above title before Dr. Solanders’s manuscript name was
recorded by Dillwyn. The shell is a truly solid mass of
enamel, the sides of which are profusely striated with a
number of extremely fine scratch-like strie. The obser-
vations on the arrangement of the colours in the preceding
species apply specially to this.
Species 29. (Fig. a. and. 4. Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA SULCIDENTATA. Cypr. testd ovatd, crassissind,
lateribus turgidis, bast convead, apertura angusta, den-
tibus elongatis, valde prominentibus, interstiis profunde
excavatis ; dorso ceruleo-cinereo, fasciis quaternis fus-
cescentibus subdistantibus ornato, lateribus granuloso-
arenaceis, basi fumeo-albicante,
THE GROOVED-TOOTHED Cowry. Shell ovate, very thick,
sides swollen, convex at the base, aperture narrow,
teeth elongated, interstices deeply excavated; base
blueish ash-colour, ornamented with four rather dis-
tant pale brown bands, sides brown granulously are-
naceous, base smoky-white.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 148. f. 5.
Hab. South Seas.
The deeply excavated interstices of the teeth which are
like those of the Cypr@a leucodon, amply distinguish this
species from the Cyprea arenosa to which it so closely ap-
proximates in general appearance ; the colours are of a
duller brown, and the base is of a dull smoky white. Ano-
ther peculiarity by which it differs from that species is,
that the sandy border round the sides does not rise in striae
but subsides in sediment-like granules.
Species 30. (Mus. Brit.)
Cyprma GUTTATA. Cypr.testa,oblongo-ovata, subpyriformi,
lateribus margine recurvis, basi depressiusculd, apertura
sinuosd, dentibus parvis, in liris per basem continuatis,
liris subirregularibus, rugiferis, hie illic bifurcatis,
supra marginem et ad latera exorientibus ; columella
levi; dorso flavescente-fusco, guttis albis varie magni-
tudinis asperso, hiatu dorsali latiusculo, dentibus liris-
que vivide crocato-rufis
THe spotteD Cowry. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat
pyriform, sides recurved round the margin, base
rather depressed, aperture sinuous, teeth small, con-
tinued across the base in ridges, ridges rather irregu-
lar, wrinkled, bifurcated here and there, passing over
the margin and rising upon the sides ; back yellow-
ish-brown, sprinkled with white spots of various sizes,
dorsal hiatus rather wide, teeth and ridges rich saf-
fron-red.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 511. pl. 18. f. 1 and 2.
Hab. ?
This very rare and remarkable shell is the largest species
of that division of the genus to which the Cypree erosa
and Lamarckii belong. Its chief peculiarity consists in the
teeth extending across the base in bright saffron-red ridges,
each of which passes over the edge and a little way up the
side, terminating in a point; they have a somewhat irre-
gular wrinkled appearance, and are here and there forked.
The white spots on the back are extremely variable in size,
and, as in the Cyprea vitellus, have the appearance of a
miniature firmament of stars of different degrees of magni-
tude. The back of the shell is not, however, so highly
enamelled as in that species, nor are the spots of the same
round definite character.
T have seen three specimens of the Cyprea guttata, one,
from which the accompanying figure is taken, in the Bri-
tish Museum, one in the Leyden Museum, and one in Mr.
Norris’s collection, at Preston. There are also two which
I have not had the pleasure of seeing; one lately received
from Amsterdam, in the collection of Mr. Dennison of
Liverpool, and another (I am told) in that of Mr. John-
ston, of Berwick-on-Tweed. It appears to have been well-
known to Martini, as it is figured by that author in the first
volume of his “ Conchylien Cabinet,” Pl. 25. f. 252. and
253., published in 1769, under the title of “ Argus flacus
tenuis ocellis lacteis.”
a
~~ a
Py
ei
CUPVHU Tt
35 Reeve ump
Sowerby del et hth
CYPRAA.
Prats IX.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprea TuRDUS. Cypr. testé depresso-ovatd, turgidé,
basi subplanulaté, eatremitatibus productis, apertura
latiusculd, antic dilatatd, dentibus brevibus, subdistan-
tibus ; albidd, dorso guttis punctisque fulvis inequali-
bus profuse asperso.
THE THRUSH Cowrny. Shell depressly ovate, swollen,
rather flattened at the base, extremities produced,
aperture rather wide, dilated anteriorly, teeth short,
somewhat distant ; whitish, profusely sprinkled with
unequal small fulvous spots and dots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p-520.
Hab. ?
The dots of this species on the anterior extremity, which
is shghtly crenulated, assume a dash-like character.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma LuRIDA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extremitati-
bus plano-productis, basi subdepressi, dentibus brevibus ;
dorso cinereo- aut cerulescente-olivaceo, subobscure tri-
Jfasciato, extremitatibus croceo-incarnatis, maculd con-
spicud nigricante utrinque tinctis, basi albicante.
Tue Lurip Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, extremities
flatly produced, base a little depressed, teeth short ;
back ash or blueish olive, somewhat obscurely three-
banded, extremities saffron-flesh colour, stained on
each side with a conspicuous blackish blotch; base
whitish.
Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1175.
Hab. Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas.
There are two very distinct varieties of this well-known
species, one a greenish-olive colour as figured, the other
of a more blueish cast of colour, which is more elevated at
the back, and more contracted at the extremities.
Species 33. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CyprzA LYNX. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, crass, extre-
mitatibus retusis, aperturd subangustd, dentibus interi-
oribus per columellam elongatis ; dorso albido, fulvo et
cerulescente profuse nebulato et guttato, maculis niger-
rimo-fuscis inequalibus hic illic interspersis, hiatu dor-
sali angusto lineari, lateribus dentibus basique albican-
tibus, dentium interstitiis conspicue sanguineo-rufis.
THE LYNx Cowrrny. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, extre-
mities blunt, aperture rather narrow, inner teeth ex-
tended across the columella; back whitish, profusely
spotted and clouded with fulvous brown and blue,
interspersed here and there with unequal dark black-
ish-brown spots, dorsal hiatus narrow, linear, sides
teeth and base whitish, interstices between the teeth
bright blood-red.
Testa junior.
Testa junior alba, fulvo profuse guttata.
Younger shell white, profusely spotted with yellowish
brown.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), pe Wei
Testa junior.
Cyprea vanelli, Linneeus.
Cyprea squalina, Gmelin.
Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, Pacifie Islands, &e.
The first coat of colouring matter, in which there is no
dorsal opening, is one of pale fulvous brown spots on a
white ground, the second is blueish and of a more clouded
character, and the third consists of a scattered deposite of
blackish-brown spots, round, but of very unequal size.
The tecth are mostly developed simultaneously with the
first deposite of colour, and the bright red colouring of the
interstices between the teeth begins to make its appearance
at the same time.
Species 34. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPR#A PULCHRA. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblonga, extre-
mitatibus subcontractis, apertura rectiusculi, angustil,
dentibus parvis, numerosis, linearibus, subobsoletis, co-
lumelld levigatd, concavitate subampld, lateribus basi-
que rotundatis ; dorso olivaceo, subobscure trifasciato,
extremitatibus macula conspicud nigerrimo-fuscd utrin-
que tinctis, basi pallidissime olivaceo-rubidd, dentibus
lacco-fuscescentibus, interioribus medianis interdum bi-
Surcatis, per basem partin fluentibus.
THE BEAUTIFUL CowreEy. Shell cylindrically oblong, ex-
tremities a little contracted, aperture rather straight,
narrow, teeth small, numerous, linear, somewhat ob-
solete, columella smooth, with a rather large conea-
vity, sides and base rounded; back olive, rather ob-
securely three-banded, extremities stained on each
December 1845.
CYPRMHA.—PuateE IX.
side with a rich blackish-brown blotch, base with a
warm ruddy olive tinge, teeth lake-brown, inner
middle teeth sometimes bifurcated, flowing partially
over the base.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 143.
Hab. Red Sea.
Although there is so close an approximation between
the painting of the back of this species and the Cyprea
Jurida, they are eminently distinct at the base. The teeth of
the Cyprea pulchra are of a curious half-obsolete character,
and peculiarly coloured, and the middle of the inner row
are extended in lines a little way over the base, which just
at that point has a slight concave depression.
The name pulchella, originally given to this species by
Mr. Gray, at page 143 of the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ vol. i.
having been pre-occupied by Mr. Swainson, it was altered
to pulchra at page 379 of the same volume.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#a EBURNA. Cypr. testdé depresso-ovatd, turgida,
antice contractd, marginibus subobscuré foveolatis, aper-
turd latiusculd, antice dilatatd, dentibus brevibus, for-
tibus, subdistantibus ; extus undique eburned, intus
Sulvo-fuscescente.
THE Ivory CowreEy. Shell depressly ovate, swollen,
contracted anteriorly, margins somewhat obscurely
pitted, aperture rather wide, dilated anteriorly, teeth
short; strong, rather distant; outside ivory-white,
inside fulvous brown.
Barnes, Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. i.
p- 133. pl. 9. f. 2.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
This shell has so much the form of the Cypraa Lamarckii
that it has been regarded as a white variety of that species.
It is, however, constantly distinct, a pure highly polished
ivory white shell, fulvous brown within.
Gprea PLX,
+ tone oo
é a.* 4
a
39 C
wv del et bth Reeve imp
CYPRAA.
Puate X.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypR@A MILIARIS. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, antice at-
tenuatd, extremitatibus productis, subreflexis, lateribus
foveolatis ; dorso citrino-flavescente, ocellis albis profuse
asperso, lateribus basique albis.
Tue MILLET Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated
anteriorly, extremities produced, a little reflexed,
sides pitted ; back citron-yellow, profusely sprinkled
with white eyes of various sizes, sides and base white.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3420.
Hab. Japan (under stones) ; Dr. Siebald.
Notwithstanding what has been said of this species by
M. Deshayes, I am inclined to think with M. Kiener that
it is really the C. miliaris of Gmelin; and that the follow-
ing, universlly regarded by collectors as C. Lamarckit, is
distinct from it.
Species 37. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRHA LAMARCKII. Cypr. testd ovatd, ventricosd, extre-
mitatibus subobtuso-productis, reflexis, utrinque foveo-
latis ; dentibus brevibus, fortibus, subdistantibus ; dorso
aurantio-flavescente, ocellis albis, quorum nonnullis pu-
pillatis, profuse asperso, lateribus punctis, extremitati-
bus lineis aurantio-castaneis, notatis, basi albi.
Lamarck’s Cowrey. Shell ovate, ventricose, extremities
somewhat obtusely produced, reflected, pitted on both
sides; teeth short, strong, rather distant; back
orange-yellow, profusely sprinkled with white eyes,
some of which are pupilled, sides marked with orange-
brown spots, extremities with lines, base white.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 506,
Hab. Mozambique (under stones) ; W. V. Hennah.
The growth of this species, in which the former is included
by Mr. Gray as a variety, seems to differ constantly in being
less obese, whilst the extremities are more produced and
the outer teeth more in number. The difference in the
colouring is most conspicuous; the sides and extremities
are dashed and dotted with orange-brown, whilst the ground
colour of the back is darker, and the eyes more or less pu-
pilled.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypRHa cRUENTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatd, extremita-
tibus subrectis, lateribus plus minusve incrassatis, den-
tibus fortibus, subelongatis ; albidd, dorso lutescente,
Susco marmorato, lateribus guttis inequalibus purpureo-
laccis ornatis, dentium interstitiis crocato-cocceis.
THE BLOoD-spor Cowrny. Shell oblong-ovate, extre-
mities rather blunt, sides more or less thickened, teeth
strong, rather elongated; whitish, back marbled with
yellowish brown, sides ornamented with unequal pur-
ple-lake spots, interstices between the teeth saffron-
scarlet.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3420 (?).
Cyprea variolaria, Lamarck.
Hab. ——?
Although M. Deshayes urges the propriety of following
Lamarck’s name of this species on account of its doubtful
identity with the description published by Gmelin, he does
Mr.
Dillwyn, Gray, Sowerby and all who have written upon the
genus in this country have united in referring the species
under consideration to the Cyprea cruenta of Gmelin.
not show that description to refer to anything else.
Species 39. (Fig.a. and 4. Mus. Saul. Fig. c. Mus. Cuming.)
CypRmA ONYX. Cypr. testd ovato-pyriformi, postice umbi-
licaté, apertura latiusculd ; dorso albicante, zonis binis
obscuris, extremitatibus, basi, lateribusque aterrimis,
aurantio-fusco supra marginatis, dentibus aterrimis.
Tur onyx Cowrny. Shell ovately pyriform, umbilicated
posteriorly, aperture rather wide ; back whitish, with
two obscure zones, extremities base and sides jet black,
edged above with orange-brown, teeth jet black.
Variety B (Fig. 39 a.)
Testa undique castaneo-fusca, extremitatibus bast lateribusque
saturatioribus, dentibus crocato-rubris.
Shell chesnut-brown throughout; extremities, base, and
sides the deeper colour, teeth saffron red.
Variety y. (Fig. 39 0.)
Testa undique aurantio-lactea, extremitatibus basi lateribus-
que saturatioribus.
Shell of an orange cream-colour throughout ; extremities,
base, and sides the darker.
December 1845.
CYPRHA.—Prate X.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1177.
Cyprea adusta, Lamarck.
Hab. San Diego, California.
This species presents three remarkably distinct varieties
all of which, represented in the accompanying plate, are
well known to collectors.
Species 40. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma SowErByi. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovetd, depressi-
usculd, subumbilicatd, dorso ca@rulescente, obscurissimeé
quadrifasciato, maculis inequalibus castaneo-fuscis cre-
berrime et confuse picto, extremitatibus basi lateribusque
aurantio-fuscis, lateribus et extremitatibus nigro-punc-
tatis dentibus albidis.
Sowrrsy’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depressed,
slightly umbilicated, back blueish, very obscurely four-
banded, very closely and confusedly painted with
unequal chesnut-brown spots, extremities, base, and
sides orange-tinged brown, sides andextremities dotted
with black, teeth whitish. =
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 38. pl. 7. f. 3.
Cyprea zonata, Gray, (not of Chemnitz).
Eadem, Cyprea ferruginosa, Kiener.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, Africa.
The Cyprea Sowerbyi has been confounded with another
very distinct species, Cyprea zonata (for which see Plate
XIII. Fig. 58.), and great confusion has resulted from the
different interpretation put upon a very obscure figure pub-
lished under that name by Chemnitz (Conch. Cab. vol. x.
pl. 145. f. 1342), and copied in an absurdly embellished
style into Wood’s ‘ Index Testaceologicus ’.
After a careful examination of figures, and the compa-
rison of an extensive series of specimens I am inclined to
think that the shell above described, and of which the ac-
companying figure is a rich characteristic example, was
correctly introduced for the first time by Mr. Gray in the
Zoological Journal, vol. iv. pl. 7. f. 8, as a new shell, but
the name intended to distinguish it, maculata, was not em-
ployed, because the author subsequently determined to
refer it to the Cyprea zonata of Chemnitz; and, curious
enough, the word maculata was at about the same period
(September 1824) used by Mr. Barnes in the ‘ Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. New York,’ in reference to a shell, which, though
only figured in outline, is clearly a C. reticulata. We have,
however, another extremely variable species of a shorter
and more pyriform shape (vide Cyprea zonata, pl. 13.
f. 58.), of which the figure above alluded to in Chemnitz is,
in my opinion, either an uncoated, or immature specimen.
The following history may assist in the determination
of these species, and, I wish I might say, put an end to
the confusion attending them.
In the year 1788, before the different phases of colour
which the Cowries exhibit at different periods of growth
were fully understood, Chemnitz (Conch. Cab. vol. x.
pl. 145. f. 1842.), published the figure of an African spe-
cies in an incomplete state, showing the zones of lunar spots
*‘zonis maculis lunaribus’’) characteristic of an interme-
diate stage of growth. Lamarck in 1822 confirmed the
propriety of regarding this shell as new, by the discovery
of an adult specimen of the same, not otherwise described
(“mais parmi celles du Muséum se trouve un invidu com-
plet’’); but his testimony not being accompanied by any
figure it is difficult to say with which of the two species
(Sp. 40, or Sp. 48, of the present monograph), he had in
his own mind identified it. Mr. Gray in 1824 published
a figure of the former of these (and I think correctly),
as a new species, with a name which he abandoned in the
text, referring it to Chemnitz’s Cyprea zonata; and sub-
sequently to that, as if desirous of returning to the opinion
which I now hope to maintain, inserted a note to the fol-
lowing effect; ‘“‘The reference to Chemnitz is doubtful,”
(Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p.81.), Mr. Sowerby follows Mr.
Gray in referring this species to the C. zonata without
allusion to the doubt expressed in the note above alluded
to; and no figure appeared of the true Cyprea zonata (such
at least as I hold to be the true one), until M. Kiener
figured both species under the same name (Icon. Coq. viv.
pl. 7. f. 3. and pl. 48. f.1.). After the publication of
these figures he appears to have discovered their specific
difference, and in the text distinguished that under con-
sideration by the new name of C. Sowerbyi. Unfortunately,
however, M. Kiener did not stop here; for an inferior
example of the very same shell is reproduced in a subse-
quent plate as a new species under the title of Cyprea
Serruginosa.
Had it not been for the misapplication of the word
maculata by Barnes, | should certainly have adopted it, as
having been proposed, though not adopted by Mr. Gray.
Cyproa, PUXE.
‘
Reeve, nnp
Sowerby, del et hth
CYPRAA.
Prats XI.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#a Repver. Cypr. testé ovati, tenut, ventricosi,
spire apice subprominente, dentibus parvis tenuibus nu-
merosis, per columellam, precipue concavitatem anti-
cam, subconspicuis ; dorso flavicante- aut lavendulo-
fusco, obscure quadrifasciato, basi albidd, spire apice
extremitatibusque rosets.
Reeve’s Cowrey. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose, apex of
the spire rather prominent, teeth small, thin, nume-
rous, rather conspicuous across the columella; back
yellowish- or lavender-brown, obscurely four-banded,
base whitish, extremities and apex of the spire pink.
Gray ; Sowerby, Cat. Cypraeadie, Conch. Tus. no. 15.f. 52.
Hab. Garden Island, mouth of the Swan River.
The back of this shell in a fine state of preservation is
of a blueish lavender colour; and in this and the delicate
pink colouring of the extremities the species is peculiarly
characteristic.
Species 42. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA PULCHELLA. Cypr. testd eleganter pyriformi, an-
tice contractd et productd, dentibus elongatis, interiori-
bus in liris basem percurrentibus ; albidd, dorso fulvo
minutissime punctato, maculis fulvis semilunaribus bi-
fasciato, lateribus guttis circularibus nigricante-fuscis
irregulariter aspersis, dentibus lirisque rubidis.
Tue pretty Cowrey. Shell elegantly pear-shaped, an-
teriorly contracted and produced, teeth elongated, the
inner teeth running over the base in ridges; whitish,
back minutely dotted with fulvous specks, with two
bands of semilunar blotches, sides irregularly sprinkled
with round blackish brown spots, teeth and ridges
dark red.
Swatnson, Exotic Conch. p. 25. pl. 35.
Hab. China.
The colouring of the back of this species is exceedingly
variable, being sometimes banded with semilunar spots as
in the specimen here figured, sometimes ornamented with
a large irregular splash of chesnut-brown. It is re-
markable for the novel and characteristic extension of the
teeth.
Species 43. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma EROSA. Cypr. testd ovata, plus minusve depresso-
pland, lateribus incrassatis, margine circa extremitate
reflexo, foveolato et crenato, dentibus fortibus, exteri-
oribus basem interdum percurrentibus ; dorso citrino-
Sulvo, punctis minutis albis profuse notato, guttis fusces-
centibus obscuris asperso, lateribus albis, maculd quad-
ratd fusco-nigricante in medio tinctis, castaneo-fusco
lineatis et punctatis.
THE ERoDED Cowry. Shell ovate, more or less depressly
flattened, sides thickened, edge reflected, pitted and
crenated, teeth strong, outer teeth sometimes running
across the base ; back citron-fulvous, profusely marked
with minute white specks, and sprinkled with obscure
brownish ones, sides white, stained in the middle
with a square brownish black spot lineated and dot-
ted with chesnut brown.
Linnzxvus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p.1179.
Hab, Ceylon, Mauritius, &e.
An abundant and extremely variable species of which
the specimen here figured may be regarded as the type.
Species 44, (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHA CAPUT-SERPENTIS.
td, depresso-pland, crassa, solidd, dorso subacuminato,
Cypr. testa subquadrato-ova-
dentibus conspicuis, subelongatis ; nigricante-fuscd, dorso
guttis niveis circularibus inequalibus asperso, extremi-
tatibus albicantibus, dentibus et aperture fauce fumeo-
albidis.
THE SNAKE’S-HEAD Cowrny. Shell somewhat squarely
ovate, depressly flat, thick, solid, back a little acu-
minated, teeth conspicuous, rather elongated ; blackish
brown, back sprinkled with unequal round snow-white
specks, extremities whitish, teeth and aperture smoky-
white.
Testa junior.
Testa junior cinereo-cerulescens fascia unica fuscd latiusculd
centralt.
Younger shell ashy-blue, with a single rather broad central
band.
Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1175.
Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
I take especial notice of the younger state of this well-
known species on account of the great difference in its
colour and appearance.
December 1845.
CYPRMHA.—Piare XI.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma scurra. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, extre-
mitatibus declivibus, subretusis, apertura angusta, den-
tibus tenuibus numerosis, columelle concavitate subam-
pla ; dorso cinereo-cerulescente, obscure quadrifasciato,
reticuld fuscd gracili latiusculd obtecto, hiatu lineari,
lateribus basique flavicante-fuscis, guttis fumeo-nigri-
cantibus aspersis, dentibus fusco-rubidis.
Tur sesteR Cowrey. Shell cylindrically oblong, extre-
mities steep, rather blunt, aperture narrow, teeth fine,
numerous, concavity of the columella rather large ;
back ashy blue, obscurely four-banded, covered over
with rather open slender net-work of brown, with a
linearhiatus, sides and base yellowish-brown, sprinkled
with smoky black spots, teeth brownish red.
Cuemnttz, Conch. Cab, vol. x. p. 103. pl. 144. f. 1338,
Eadem. Cyprea Indica Gmelin.
Had. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
Distinguished from any varieties of the C. Arabica, to
which it is in most respects allied, by its straight cylin-
drical form.
Species 4.6. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@a caurtca. Cypr. testé ovatd, vel oblongo-ovati,
plus minusve depress, lateribus plerumque incrassatis,
dentibus fortibus, basem utringue percurrentibus ; dorso
albido, punctis minutissimis flavicante-fuscis confuse et
ereberrimé picto, lateribus fulvo-albidis, guttis niger-
rimis conspicuis hie illic ornatis, basi subaurantio-fulvis,
dentibus albidis.
THE THICK-EDGED CowrEyY. Shell ovate, or oblong-ovate,
more or less depressed, sides generally thickened, teeth
strong, running partially over the base on each side ;
back whitish, confusedly and very closely painted with
minute yellowish brown specks, sides fulvous white
ornamented here and there with very dark conspicuous
spots, base orange-tinged fulvous, teeth whitish.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1179.
Hab. Wastern Seas.
This species is most abundant, varying from long and
rounded forms with thin sides, to short and depressed
with thickened sides.
Cyprea [7 X11.
Sowerby del. et hth Reeve, imp
CYP hak.
Pirate XII.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypREA PHYSIS.
aperturé latiusculd, dentibus tenuibus minutis, interi-
oribus feré obsoletis ; dorso cerulescente, zonis duabus
fuscescentibus ornato, flavescente-fusco confuse picto,
lateribus et extremitatibus fulco-aurantiis, basi albidd.
THE SWOLLEN Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriform, thin,
inflated, aperture rather broad, teeth fine minute,
inner teeth almost obsolete ; back blueish, ornamented
with two light brown zones, yellowish, confusedly
painted with yellowish-brown dashes, sides and ex-
tremities fulvous orange, base whitish.
Broccut (in etate fossili), Conch. Foss. Subap. vol. ii.
p. 284. pl. 2. f. 3.
Cyprea achatidea, Sowerby.
Cyprea Grayi, Kiener.
Hab. Sicily (found under stones) ; Capt. Mott.
Cypr. testd subpyriformi, tenui, inflata,
A species comparatively new to collectors of recent shells,
which M. Deshayes first identified with one that has been
known for some time in a fossil state. It is of light inflated
growth, with very fine teeth, the inner row of which is al-
most obsolete, the sides and extremities are fulvous orange,
and the back is profusely splashed with yellowish brown.
Species 48. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRMA SUBVIRIDIS. Cypr. testd ovatd, turgidd, subpyri-
formi, extremitatibus leviter productis, dentibus brevibus,
Sortibus, subdistantibus, interioribus posterioribus plus
minusve obsoletis ; dorso subviridis obscure latifasciato,
punctis pallidis minutissimis lentiginoso, macula per-
ampla castaneo-fusca picto, dentibus basi lateralibusque
subviridescente-albis, extremitatibus incarnato-fuscescen-
tibus.
THE GREENISH CowreEy. Shell ovate, turgid, somewhat
pytiform, extremities slightly produced, teeth short,
strong, rather distant, the inner posterior teeth more
or less obsolete; back greenish, obscurely broadly
banded, painted with a very large chestnut-brown
blotch, and freckled with minute pale specks; teeth
base and sides greenish white, extremities flesh-tinged
brown. ;
REEVE, (menda typographica Lake), Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835.
Cyprea errones var., Sowerby, Conch. Illus.
Hab. Dupuch’s Island, North west coast of Australia (found
under stones at low water); Dring R. N.
This is the first shell I ever ventured, as a youth, to
describe ; like most collectors my attention was first at-
tracted by the Cowries, and the specimen which struck
me as being specifically distinct from any other that I had
seen is now in the collection of Mr. Cuming. The species
has been entirely disregarded by naturalists ; one noticing
it as a variety of C. errones, another omitting mention of
it altogether. M. Kiener has certainly adopted the species,
but as his figure is copied from Mr. Sowerby’s, and his
comparison with the C. physis is one of figures only, it
cannot be estimated as a record of opinion.
Several specimens of the Cyprea subviridis have fortu-
nately arrived from the locality above mentioned within
the last twelvemonth, and the species is now universally
esteemed by collectors in this country as one totally distinct
from any hitherto known.
Species 49. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRHA LENTIGINOSA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extre-
mitatibus subproductis, dentibus magnis, subdistantibus ;
dorso cerulescente-albo maculis undatis obscure trifas-
ciato, punctis minutis fuscescentibus undique lentiginoso,
extremitatibus nigricante-fuscis, lateribus guttis nigri-
cante-fuscis aspersis, basi albidd.
THE FRECKLED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi-
ties a little produced, teeth large, somewhat distant ;
back blueish-white, with three obscure bands of waved
blotches, freckled over with small light brown specks ;
extremities blackish-brown, sides sprinkled with black-
ish-brown spots; base whitish.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 489. pl. 7 and 12. f. 1,
Hab. Ceylon.
Although a shell of great rarity there are several speci-
mens in our different collections ; the one here figured from
the cabinet of J. 8. Gaskoin, Esq. which is by far the finest
I have seen, is already well known to the public by the
figures of Mr. Sowerby and M. Kiener.
Species 50. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@A WALKERI. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, depressius-
culd, extremitatibus subretusis, dentibus parvis, tenuibus,
numerosis, precipue interioribus ; dorso ceruleo-albi-
cante, trifasciato, fasciis latissimis fuscis, centrali sa-
turatiore, in juniore undato-maculatis, punctis minutis-
simis flavido-fuscis undique lentiginoso ; lateribus sub-
flavis, guttis nigro-fuscis sparsim notatis, dentium inter-
stitiis basique purpureo-violaceis,
Watker’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depres-
sed, extremities somewhat blunt, teeth small, fine,
December 1845.
CYPRMA.—Puiate XII.
numerous, especially the inner; back blueish-white,
three-banded, bands unusually broad, brown, central
band darker than the others, marked in the younger
shell with waved spots, freckled throughout with mi-
nute yellowish-brown specks ; sides yellowish, marked
here and there with round blackish brown spots ; base
and interstices between the teeth purple-violet.
Gray, Sowerby Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraade, no. 70.
f, 22.*
Hab. New Holland.
An extremely well-defined species named by Mr. Gray
after a zealous and intelligent collector of shells, now no
more, to whom I am indebted with many kind remem-
brances for my first introduction to conchological pursuits.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHA ISABELLA. Cypr. test cylindraceo-oblongd, ex-
tremitatibus declivibus, retusis, apertura angustd, den-
tidus tenuissimis numerosis, dorso cinereo aut cinereo-
fulvo, obsuré trifasciato, punctis lineisque interruptis
atris, longitudinaliter plus minusve notato ; extremita-
tibus crocato-rubris, basi nived.
THE FAWN-COLOURED Cowrzy. Shell cylindrically ob-
long, extremities steep, blunt, aperture narrow, teeth
very fine and numerous ; back ashy or ashy fulvous, ob-
securely three-banded, more or less marked longitudi-
nally with inky black dots and dashes, extremities
saffron-red, base snowy white.
Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177.
Eadem, Cyprea controversa, Gray.
Hab. Mauritius.
A well-known species of the same oblong cylindrical
form as the C. scurra.
Species 52. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRM@A PYRIFORMIS. Cypr, testd pyriformi, tenuiculd,
subumbilicatd, extremitatibus productis,pracipue antici,
dentibus subirregularibus precipue interioribus, basi an-
tice depressiusculd ; dorso subviridi, fascid centrali in-
terrupti fuscescente, punctis minutissimis fulvo-fuscis
undique lentiginoso, lateribus albidis, guttis fulvo-fusces-
centibus notatis, basi albidd, dentibus interioribus rubidis.
THE PEAR-SHAPED Cowrsy. Shell pear-shaped, rather
thin, a little umbilicated, extremities produced, the
anterior especially, teeth somewhat irregular, particu-
larly the interior, base rather depressed anteriorly ;
back greenish, with a central interrupted pale brown
band, freckled throughout with very minute fulvous
brown dots, sides whitish, marked with fulvous brown
spots, base whitish, inner teeth red.
Gray, Zool. Jounal, vol. 1. p. 371.
Hab. Ceylon.
Having two magnificent specimens of this very rare
species before me from the collections of Mr. Gaskoin and
Miss Saul, I am enabled to fill up the characters that were
unwillingly omitted by Mr. Gray at the time of its intro-
duction. The back is of a delicate sea-green, freckled with
very minute yellowish brown specks, having a broad inter-
rupted band of the same colour across the centre. The
teeth are deep red, and of the same remarkable character,
on a small scale, as those of the C. pulchella. M. Kiener’s
figure gives a most inadequate idea of the species, being a
wretched copy of a rather indifferent figure in Sowerby’s
‘Conchological Hlustrations’.
Species 53. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPREHA TESSELLATA. Cypr. testé crassissimd, solidd, sub-
quadrato-ovatd, lateribus incrassatis, dorso paululum
acuminato, extremitatibus retusis, anticé callositate sub-
obscura munitd, aperturd angustd, dentibus parvis,
gracilibus ; dorso ferruginoso-cinereo, trifasciato, fas-
clis latissimis, lateribus maculis quadratis fuscis et albis
tessellatis, maculis duabus superioribus ad utrumque
latus vivide nigerrimo-castaneis, callositate albd, basi
Susco alboque tessellatim variegatd, dentibus aurantio-
Suscis.
THE TESSELLATED Cowrey. Shell very thick and solid,
somewhat squarely ovate, sides thickened, back a
little acuminated, extremities blunt, the anterior fur-
nished with a somewhat obscure callosity, aperture
narrow, teeth small, slender, back ferruginous ash-
colour, three-banded, bands very broad, sides tessel-
lated with square brown and white spots, the two
upper spots on both sides very dark bright chesnut,
callosity white, base tessellately variegated with brown
and white, teeth orange-brown.
Swarnson, Zool. Illustrations, 1st Series, vol. ii. pl. 3.
Hab. New Zealand.
This species, like the preceding, has been but imper-
fectly described hitherto for want of a specimen in adequate
condition. The shell here figured from the collection of
Miss Saul is in the finest state imaginable, and quite a
gem to look upon.
Cyprea. FUL
DOI
+
s
Lan: -
: Ie ye7
Reeve Brothers mrp
Soweiby del et secu
CYPRAA.,
Puate XIII.
Species 54. (Mus. Saul.)
CypRHA PALLIDA. Cypr. testd ovatd, subpyriformi, tur-
gidd, dentibus subgrandibus ; dorso viridescente-strami-
neo, fulvo-fusco minutissime lentiginoso, lateribus fusco
sparsim guttatis, basi albicante.
THE PALE Cowrey. Shell ovate, somewhat pear-shaped,
swollen, teeth rather large; back greenish straw-co-
lour, very minutely freckled with fulvous brown, sides
spotted here and there with brown, base whitish.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 387.
Hab. ?
The C. pallida approximates rather closely to the C.
punctulata, but is perfectly distinct on examination; it is
of a more pear-shaped form, and less thickened, the tone
of colour always paler, whilst the inner teeth do not extend
across the columella, which wants the anterior concavity.
Species 55. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma xanTHoDON. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, antic?
attenuatd, basi subdepressd, extremitatibus leviter pro-
ductis, lateribus subincrassatis, dentibus brevibus, inte-
rioribus superioribus subobsoletis, columella anticé medio
sulcatd ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, obscure trifasciato,
punctis minutis fulvo-olivaceis undique lentiginoso, la-
teribus flavicantibus, guttis nigerrimo-fuscis conspicuis
ornatis, dentibus basique fulvo-flavicantibus.
THE YELLOW-ToorH CowreEy. Shell oblong-ovate, atten-
uated anteriorly, base a little depressed, extremities
slightly produced, sides rather thickened, teeth short,
the inner upper teeth somewhat obsolete, columella
grooved down the middle anteriorly ; back blueish
green, obscurely three-banded, freckled throughout
with minute fulvous orange specks, sides yellowish,
ornamented with conspicuous blackish-brown spots,
teeth and base fulvous yellow.
Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreeade no. 88. f. 18.
Hab. ?
Through the kindness of Miss Saul, I am enabled to
figure the only adult specimen of this Cowrey that has been
seen in fine condition; Mr. Gaskoin has a well-preserved
specimen in an intermediate stage of growth, and besides
these I have seen none but what are decorticated.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma ERRONES. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovali, dentibus bre-
vibus ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, punctis fulvis minu-
tissimis lentiginoso, macula castaned grandi centrali
plerumque picto, lateribus basique flavescentibus imma-
culatis.
THE ERRONEUS Cowrey. Shell oblong-oval, teeth short ;
back blueish green, freckled with very minute fulvous
specks, generally painted with a large chesnut blotch
in the centre.
Liynevs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 723.
Cypree ovum and subflava, Grelin.
Cyprea olivacea. Lamarck.
Hab. Eastern Seas.
This, unlike most other species of the genus, is not
spotted at the sides.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprm®a Picta. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovaté, anticé atten-
uatd, lateribus subangulatis, basi depresso-pland, den-
tibus brevibus ; dorso ceruleo, fascia centrali subob-
scurd, purpureo-fusco undique peculiariter nebulato-
picto, hiatu dorsali centrali, lateribus fumeo-fuseis,
guttis conspicuis nigricantibus ornatis, basi fumeo-
albidé.
Tue painteD Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated
anteriorly, sides somewhat angulated, base depressly
flattened, teeth short; back blue, with a rather ob-
scure central band, painted throughout with peculiarly
clouded purple-brown, with a central dorsal open-
ing, sides smoky brown, ornamented with conspi-
cuous blackish spots, base smoky white.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 389. pl. 7. f. 10.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia.
Distinguished from the following species, to which it is
the next allied, by its reddish-purple tinged painting and
dorsal opening, by its angular form, the base being more
depressed, and the back more steeply elevated.
Species 58. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma ZoNATA. Cypr. testd ovata, lateribus basique
convexis, dentibus fortibus, subelongatis ; dorso ceruleo
December 1845.
-
CYPRMHA.—Ptate XIII.
aut viridescente, maculis semilunaribus undatis plus mi-
nusve distinctis medio zonato, fulvo-fusco sparsim un-
dique nebuloso-picto, lateribus basique fumeo-fuscis, ni-
griguttatis.
THE ZONED CowreEy. Shell ovate, sides and base convex,
teeth strong, a little elongated; back blueish or
greenish, zoned across the middle with more or less
distinct waved semilunar spots, sparingly painted
throughout with clouded fulyous brown, sides and
base dark smoky brown, spotted with black.
Cuemnttz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 145. f. 1342.
Eadem, Cyprea nebulosa, Kiener.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia.
I quite agree with M. Kiener in regarding this shell as
the Cyprea zonata of Chemnitz, for a full history of which
I refer to my observations on the Cyprea Sowerbyi. The
Cyprea nebulosa of M. Kiener is, however, an obscure va-
riation of colouring, which may be easily identified with
the typical examples by a careful comparison.
Species 59. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPpR#A NIGRO-PUNCTATA. Cypr. test oblongo-ovatd, an-
tice attenuata et contractd, lateribus marginatis et cum
extremitatibus productis, dentium interstitiis subpro-
funde sulcatis; dorso cerulescente, fulvo pallide lenti-
ginoso, lateribus creberrime nigripunctatis, basi flavi-
cante.
THE BLACK-DOTTED CowRey. Shell oblong-ovate, atten-
uated and contracted anteriorly, sides marginated and
produced with the extremities, interstices between
the teeth rather deeply grooved ; back blueish, freckled
with pale fulvous brown, sides very closely dotted
with black, base yellowish.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 11.
Eadem, Cyprea irina, Kiener.
Hab, Gallapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean (found under
stones); Cuming.
M. Kiener has been singularly unfortunate in his lucu-
brations of this and two other allied species ; an uncoated
example of that under consideration is figured at Pl. II.
with its proper name Cyprea nigro-punctata, and a fine
specimen with its last coating of enamel is introduced at
Plate LVI., as a new species, under the name of Cyprea
rina. The Cyprea Sowerbyi is unconsciously reproduced at
Plate LVI. under that of Cyprea ferruginosa. A variety of
Cyprea zonata is introduced at Pl. XXXII. as a new spe-
cies under the name of Cyprea nebulosa ; and to complete
the category it may be added that his C. Boivinii is a well-
known variety of C. gangrenosa, his C. fabula one of C.
felina, his C. Grayi the C. physis, already named C. acha-
tidea by Sowerby, and his C. rotunda the C. quadripunciata.
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma ARABICULA. Cypr. testé ovati, dorso elevato, la-
teribus margiuatis, extremitatibus angulato-productis,
basi depresso-pland, dentibus numerosis, angustis, acutis,
interstitiis profunde incisis ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente,
obscure fasciato, fusco creberrime subreticulatim picto,
lateribus fumeo-fuscis, guttis grandibus nigricantibus
ornatis, basi albicante.
Tue LiTtLe Arabic Cowrey. Shell ovate, back elevated,
sides marginated, with the extremities angularly pro-
duced, base depressly flat, teeth numerous, narrow,
sharp, interstices deeply cut; back blueish green, ob-
scurely banded, very closely reticulately painted with
brown, sides smoky brown, ornamented with large
black spots, base whitish.
Lamarcx, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 534.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones) ; Cuming.
There is something very peculiar in the form of this
species, the base being flattened, the sides produced into
a rim all round, whilst the teeth are very deeply cut in the
interstices.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma punctuLata. Cypr. testé subgloboso-ovatd, crassa,
solidd, lateribus rotundatis, basi converd, dentibus for-
tiusculis ; dorso ceruleo-viridescente, olivaceo-fusco cre-
berrimeé lentiginoso, lateribus fumeo-nigricantibus, in-
terdum aurantio tinctis, guttis nigris aspersis.
THE FINE DOTTED Cowrery. Shell somewhat globosely
ovate, thick, solid, sides rounded, base convex, teeth
rather strong ; base blueish green, very closely freckled
with olive-brown, sides smoky black, sometimes bright-
ened with a warm orange tinge, sprinkled with black
spots.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 387.
Hab. Panama (found under stones), Cuming.
Intermediate between the C. pallida and Arabicula, but
perfectly distinct from both.
Cypraa. FLAW.
Reeve Brothers. mp
Sowerby, del. et sculp.
CYPRAA.
Prats XIV.
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprea Saute. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, postice umbi-
licatd, anticé attenuatd, lateribus antice marginatis, ex
tremitatibus productis, subrefleis, aperturd leviter flex-
uosd, dentibus prominulis ; dorso lacteo, macula grandi
conspicud centrali, punctisque paucis minutissimis vivide
aurantio-castaneis picto, lateribus guttis perpaucis ni-
gricante-fuscis ornatis, basi albicante, dentibus albidis,
interstitiis aureo-flavescentibus.
SauL’s Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, umbilicated poste-
riorly, attenuated anteriorly, sides marginated at the
anterior end, extremities produced, a little reflexed,
aperture slightly flexuous, teeth rather prominent,
bold; back clear cream-colour, painted with a large
conspicuous central spot of bright orange chestnut,
surrounded with a few very minute dots of the same
colour, sides ornamented with a very few dark brown
spots, base whitish, teeth whitish, interstices pale
golden yellow.
GasKoIN, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843.
Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila (found among
coarse sand and gravel at the depth of seven fathoms) ;
Cuming.
This is one of the most distinct and pleasing species to
look upon of any in the genus; the beautiful economy and
delicacy of the bright sienna painting upon a clear cream-
coloured ground, render it an object of peculiar admira-
tion.
Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHA ERYTHREENSIS. Cypr. testd subcylindraceo-ovatd,
antice attenuatd, lateribus rotundatis, extremitatibus
subproductis, dentibus parvis, numerosis, per basem sub-
elongatis ; dorso viridi-cerulescente, punctis perpaucis
minutissimis maculdque grandi centralt deforme auran-
tio-castaned picto, extremitatibus guttd unicd aurantio-
castaned utrinque ornatis ; lateribus, dentibus, basique
ceruleo-albidis.
Tur RED-sportreED Cowrey. Shell somewhat. eylindri-
cally ovate, attenuated anteriorly, sides rounded, ex-
tremities a little produced, teeth small, numerous,
elongated partially across the base; back greenish
blue, painted with exceedingly minute orange-ches-
nut dots and a large central mis-shapen blotch of the
same colour, extremities ornamented on each side
with a single reddish chesnut spot, sides, teeth and
base blueish white.
Beck, MSS. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hab. Red Sea; Riippell. Zanzibar ; Thorn.
The Cyprea erythreensis exhibits without doubt a close
approximation to the Cyprea stolida; but the differences,
though minute, are constant, and determinable at a glance.
In the first place it is uniformly smaller in size; the spe-
cimen here figured being rather above the average, and
the largest I have seen.
elevated, more cylindrically lengthened, and attenuated at
the anterior end, without that sudden declivity which is so
There is moreover a marked
variation in the colouring :—in all the specimens I have
seen, probably some twenty or more, the central dorsal
blotch is of a different style, it is more open and irregular,
and has no symmetry of squareness ; I find no indication,
either, of the angles of colour which characterize the four
In form it varies in being less
characteristic of its ally.
corners of the Cyprea stolida, nor are the teeth or edge of
the extremities coloured.
Species 64. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprma cyLinprica. Cypr. testd elongato-ovatd, subcy-
lindraced, antice declivi, lateribus cum extremitatibus
marginatis, reflexis, bast depresso-pland, apertura an-
tice dilatatd, dentibus exterioribus grandibus subdistan-
tibus, interioribus tenuibus per basem subelongatis ;
dorso cerulescente punctis maculdque grandi centrali
deformi fulvo-castaneis lentiginoso, eatremitatibus ma-
culd conspicud nigro-castaned utrinque pictis, latere
sinistro punctis perpaucis ; dentibus basique albicantibus.
Tur CYLINDRICAL CowrEyY. Shell elongately ovate, some-
what cylindrical, steep anteriorly, sides with the ex-
tremities marginated, reflexed, base depressly flat,
aperture anteriorly dilated, outer teeth large, rather
distant, inner fine and elongated partially across the
base; back blueish, freckled with very minute fulvous
chesnut specks and a large mis-shapen central blotch,
extremities painted on each side with a conspicuous
blackish chesnut spot, the left side with one or two
dots; teeth and base whitish.
December 1845.
CYPR#A.—Prate XIV.
Born, Mus. p. 184. pl. 8. f. 10.
Hab. Ceylon; Pacific Islands; New Holland.
The New Holland examples of this species are rounder
and less elongated, approaching more to the form of the
Cypraa errones.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypREA DiLucuLUM. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd,
ventricosd, apertura flecuosd, dentibus brevibus fortius-
culis ; dorso violaceo-castaneo, zonis duabus aut pluribus
undulato-albis ornatis, lateribus basique albis, punctis
perpaucis fuscis notatis, extremitatibus nigricante-cas-
taneo-marginatis.
THE DAY-BREAK Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, ventricose, aperture flexnous, teeth short, rather
strong; back violet-chesnut, ornamented with two or
more zones of zigzag white, sides and base white,
marked with a very few brown dots, extremities
edged with dark chesnut.
Cyprea ziczac (pars), Linneeus, Martini.
Cyprea undata, Lamarck (not of Chemnitz.)
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This ancient and well-known species requires to be dis-
tinguished by a new name in consequence of the word wn-
data, applied to it by Lamarck, having been already used
by Chemnitz in reference to a shell which proves to be the
young of the C. Mauritiana (Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 102).
Tt was confounded by Linneeus and Martini with the
C. ziczac, and is extremely well figured by the latter in the
first volume of his ‘Conchylien Cabinet,’ published in 1769.
Species 66. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming. Fig. 4, Mus. Saul.)
‘YPREA TABESCENS. Cypr. testd oblongd vel ovaté, um-
bilicatd, lateribus incrassatis, dentibus parviusculis ;
dorso albicante, flavido-fuscescente pallidé lentiginoso,
maculis semilunaribus medio subobscuré trizonato, late-
ribus fusco-guttatis, dentibus basique albicantibus.
TuE consumptive Cowrey. Shell oblong or ovate, um-
bilicated, sides thickened, teeth rather small; back
whitish, freckled with pale yellowish brown, and ra-
ther obscurely three-zoned across the middle with
semilunar spots of the same colour, sides spotted
with brown, teeth and base whitish.
SoLanpER, MSS., Dillwyn Cat. vol. i. p. 463.
Cyprea teres, Gmelin (?).
Hab. Ceylon; Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
The figures in Martini’s ‘ Conch. Cab.’ f. 294 and 295,
to which Mr. Gray and M. Deshayes refer for this species,
are intended to represent, without doubt, the Cyprea cy-
lindrica ; the Cypraa tabescens may be recognised in Fig
295 and 296 of the same plate. I have figured a curious
broad growth of this species from Mr. Cuming’s collection,
because it is one of extremely rare occurrence.
Species 67. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA STOLIDA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatié, dorso ele-
vato, extremitates versus utrinque declivi, lateribus
cum extremitatibus marginatis, subreflexis, apertura
flexuosa, dentibus numerosis, per basem elongatis, inter-
stitiis subprofunde incisis ; dorso cerulescente, punctis
minutissimis, macula grandi quadrata centrali, macula-
que semiquadratd ad utrumque angulum aurantio-cas-
taneis vivide picto, basi albicante, dentibus et extremi-
tatibus aurantio-castaneis.
Tue FrootisH Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, back ele-
vated, steep down each side to the extremities, sides
with the extremities marginated, a little reflexed, aper-
ture flexuous, teeth numerous, elongated across the
base, interstices rather deeply cut; back blueish,
brightly painted with very minute orange-chesnut
dots, with a large central square spot, and with a
half-square spot at each corner, of the same colour,
base whitish, teeth and extremities orange-chesnut.
Lrynevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180.
Rubigo, Martini.
Cyprea rubiginosa, Gmelin.
Hab. Ceylon.
A careful comparison of the above description with that
of the Cyprea erythreensis, will show that there is a very
characteristic specific difference between them, and one of
which I find no intermediate modification.
Species 68. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma spurca. Cypr. testé ovatd, lateribus cum extre-
mitatibus marginatis, foveolatis, dentibus fortiusculis ;
dorso luteo nebulato et ocellato, lateribus flavicantibus,
foveolis fuscis, basi albicante.
Tue pirty Cowrey. Shell ovate, sides with the extre-
mities marginated, pitted, teeth rather strong, back
clouded and ocellated with fulvous yellow, pits brown,
___ base whitish.
Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1179.
Cyprea acicularis, Gmelin.
Cyprea flaveola, Lamarck, (not of Linnzeus).
Hab. Mediterranean.
There is a curious variety of this well-known shell, in
which the base has a large dark splash upon it.
Cyprad FOX.
CYPRAA.
Puate XV.
Species 69. (Mus. Saul.)
CyprR@A OBVALLATA. Cypr. testé orbiculari-ovatd, depressa,
dorso angusto, elevato, lateribus valde incrassato-mar-
ginatis, apertura angustd, dentibus fortibus, subelon-
gatis; dorso ceruleo, annulo sanguineo interdum cir-
cumcincto, lateribus basique fumeo-albicantibus.
THE INTRENCHED Cowregy. Shell orbicularly ovate, de-
pressed, back narrow, elevated, sides very much thick-
ened and puffed out, aperture narrow, teeth strong,
rather elongated; back blue, sometimes encircled
with a blood-red ring, sides and base smoky white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 538.
Cyprea moneta, var., Dillwyn.
Hab. Taheite, Pacific Islands (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.
L use the term odvallata instead of obvelata, believing it
to be the word which Lamarck intended to characterize
the peculiar growth of this shell. Those who think with
me that such was the case, will adopt it without prejudice
to the authenticity of the species.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypR@A NUCLEUS.
ductis et rostratis, dorso noduloso, nodulis, precipué
Cypr. testa ovatd, extremitatibus pro-
lateralibus, liris coadunatis, basi convead, dentibus par-
vis, in liris angustis per basem utringue extensis ; sor-
dide alba, nodulis lirisque pallide ferruginosis.
THE HARD-CRUSTED CowreEy. Shell ovate, extremities
produced and beaked, back nodulous, nodules, parti-
cularly the lateral ones united together by ridges,
base convex, teeth small, extending across the base on
both sides in ridges; dull white, nodules and ridges
pale rusty brown.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1181.
The dorsal line of this species is represented by a rather
deep longitudinal groove.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#a ANNULUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, basi concavo-de-
pressa, lateribus incrassatis, declivibus, dentibus, for-
tibus, subdistantibus ; fumeo-albidd, dorso annulo san-
guineo circumcincto.
THE RING Cowrey. Shell ovate, base concavely depressed,
sides thickened, steep, teeth strong, rather distant ;
smoky white, back encircled with a blood-red ring.
Linnuvs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1179.
Hab. astern Seas.
There is no indication in this species of the oval in-
trenchment which characterizes the growth of the Cyprea
obvallata.
Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.)
CyPR@®A HELVOLA. Cypr. testd ovatd, depressd, lateribus
incrassatis, medio turgidis, marginatis, foveolatis, den-
tibus fortibus, latiusculis, exterioribus per basem partim
elongatis ; dorso olivaceo-fuscescente, ocellis numerosis
albis, maculisque stellaribus fulvo-rubidis sparsim or-
nato, lateribus basique fusco-rubidis, colore supra mar-
ginem saturatiore, extremitatibus violaceis.
THE RED Cowrey. Shell ovate, depressed, sides thickened,
swollen in the middle, marginated, pitted, teeth strong,
rather broad, the outer partially elongated across the
base ; back pale olive-brown, ornamented with nume-
rous white eyes and fulvous brown starry spots, sides
and base brownish red, colour darker above the edge,
extremities violet.
Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180.
Hab. Ceylon.
A common species but one of the most richly and beau-
tifully coloured of the series.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR#A OCELLATA.
lateribus turgidis, submarginatis, obscure foveolatis,
dentibus fortibus ; dorso rufescente-flavo, ocellis nume-
rosis albis, quorum nonnullis hie illic nigro-pupillatis,
ornato, basi lateribusque albidis, fusco-punctatis.
THE OCELLATED Cowrey. Shell ovate, base a little de-
pressed, sides swollen, submarginated, obscurely
pitted, teeth strong ; back reddish-yellow, ornamented
with numerous white eyes, some of which are pupilled
with black, base and sides whitish, dotted with brown.
Lrynevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1180.
Hab. Kastern Seas.
Another abundant and beautifully marked species well-
known to collectors.
Cypr. testd ovatd, basi subdepressd,
December 1845.
CYPRAA.—Puate XV.
Species 74. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma MoNETA. Cypr. test trigono-ovatd, depressd,
lateribus incrassato-marginatis, tuberculatis, dentibus
subobtusis, basi tuberculatd; albd, pallide stramined, aut
flava, dorso annulo tenui sanguineo-rufo interdum cir-
cumeincto.
Tur MoNEY CowkEyY. Shell triangularly ovate, depressed,
sides thickly marginated, tuberculated, teeth rather
obtuse, base tuberculated; white, pale straw-colour
or deep yellow, back sometimes encircled with a
faint blood-red ring.
Linn2ts, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1178.
Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
The colour of this species varies from white to a very
deep yellow.
Species 75. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr&a MADAGASCARIENSIS.
riter depressd, dorso noduloso, nodulis liris coadunatis,
sulco dorsali impresso, lateribus marginatis, extremita-
tibus obtusis, aperturd angustd, dentibus tenuibus, basem
super in liris eatensis, quarum alternis precipue ad
latus sinistrum, minoribus ; lacted, dorso rosaceo-fus-
cescente pallidissime tincto, liris basalibus rufo-fusces-
cente tenuiter marginatis.
Tur MapaGcascar Cowrey. Shell ovate, peculiarly de-
pressed, back noduled, nodules connected together
by ridges, impressed by a dorsal groove, sides mar-
ginated, extremities obtuse, aperture narrow, teeth
fine, extending over the the base in ridges, the alter-
nate of which, on the left side more particularly, are
smaller; cream-colour, back tinged with pinkish-
brown, basal ridges edged with reddish-brown.
GMELIN. Syst. Nat. p. 3419.
Cyprea nucleus, var. b. Lamarck.
Hab. Madagascar.
Cypr. testa ovata, peculia-
This species is uniformly larger in size than the C. nu-
cleus, much more depressed, and of a peculiarly soft pink-
ish cream-colour. The extremities are more obtuse, and
the ridges across the left base are alternately larger and
smaller.
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
CyPRMA PUSTULATA. Cypr. testa ovatd, antice attenuaté,
basi depressi, dentibus in liris conspicuis per basem
utrinque extensis, columella cum concavitate anticd levi-
gata, dorso striis elevatiusculis longitudinalibus et trans-
versis, quarum transversis fortioribus, subtilissime can-
cellato, verrucis numerosis prominentibus, quarum ime-
dianis majoribus, munito ; dorso cinereo-plumbeo, verru-
cis vivide corallo-rubris, ad basem nigro-annulatis, basi
nigricante-fuscd, liris albidis.
THE PUSTULAR CowreEy. Shell ovate, somewhat atten-
uated anteriorly, depressed at the base, teeth ex-
tending across the base on each side in conspicuous
ridges, columella with the anterior concavity smooth,
back very finely cancellated with slightly elevated
longitudinal and transverse striee, of which the trans-
verse are the stronger, and armed with numerous
prominent pimples of which the middle are the lar-
gest ; back ashy lead-colour, pimples bright coral-red
ringed with black, ribs whitish.
Testa junior.
Testa junior dorso cancellato, verrucis nullis
Younger shell with the back cancellated, but destitute of
pimples.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol.x. p.535.
Hab. \sle of Plata and Panama, west coast of America
(found under stones) ; Cuming.
It is a circumstance worth noting in the growth of this
shell that the teeth beome considerably developed before
there is any indication of dorsal pimples.
Gy pre ME:
Sowerby, del. et hth Reeve Brothers, imp
C¥PR AA,
Puate XVI.
Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#s Cumineit. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, anticé at-
tenuate extensd, lateribus marginatis, extremitatibus
productis et reflexis, apertura fleruosd, dentibus tenu-
ibus, precipue interioribus ; dorso fulvo-stramineo, ocel-
lis albidis fusco annulatis parviusculis sparsim ornato,
lateribus castaneo-punctatis, basi alba.
Cumine’s Cowrery. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuately
drawn out anteriorly, sides marginated, extremities
produced and reflected, aperture flexuous, teeth fine,
especially the inner ; back fulvous straw-colour, spa-
ringly ornamented with rather small white eyes
tinged with pale brown, sides dotted with dark ches-
nut brown, base white.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreade, no. 77.
f.5 and 181.
Had. Island of Rietea, Society Islands (found under coral
on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming.
This beautiful species may be distinguished from the
Cyprea cribraria by its attenuated and elegant growth, by
the clearness and delicacy of its colouring, and by the
spots being smaller, fewer in number, and ringed with
pale brown.
Species 78. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr#a CITRINA. Cypr. testé globoso- vel oblongo-ovaté,
ventricosd, lateribus marginatis et foveolatis, apertura
latiusculd, dentibus brevibus ; dorso olivaceo-rubido ma-
culis inequalibus rotundis albidis irregulariter asper-
so, subtus cinerascente, obscure fasciato, hiatu dorsali
latiusculo, lateribus extremitatibus basique citrino-rubi-
dis, basi castaneo tincté.
THE cITRON CowreEy. Shell globosely or oblong-ovate,
ventricose, sides marginated, pitted, aperture rather
wide, teeth short; back olive ruddy colour, irregu-
larly sprinkled with unequal round white spots, ash-
colour underneath, obscurely banded, dorsal hiatus
rather wide, sides extremities and base citron-red,
base stained with chesnut.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 509.
Hab. ?
The specimen here figured from the collection of Miss Saul
is the only one I know in really fine condition. The species
varies in form from a swollen globose to an oblong shape.
Species 79. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA BICALLOSA. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, lateribus
submarginatis, obscure foveolatis, extremitatibus subros-
tratis, callositate plus minusve conspicud munitis, aper-
turd flecuosd, dentibus fortibus, per basem subelongatis,
interstitiis profundé excavatis ; rubido-crocatd, dorso
castaneo varie maculato et nebulato.
THE TWO-caLLUs CowrEy. Shell ovately oblong, sides
slightly marginated, obscurely pitted, extremities
somewhat beaked, furnished with a more or less con-
spicuous callus, aperture flexuous, teeth strong, a little
elongated across the base, interstices deeply excavated;
reddish saffron colour, back variously clouded and
mottled with chesnut.
Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Mlus. Cat. Cypreeade.no. 50.f. 10.
Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies; Guilding.
An extremely rare and interesting species, distinguished
from all others not only by its callosities, but by its gene-
ral form and colouring.
Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.)
CyPREA ESONTROPIA. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, subum-
bilicatd, solidiusculd, lateribus incrassatis, marginatis,
dentibus fortibus ; dorso luteo vel pallidé cinnamomeo,
maculis rotundis numerosis subamplis ornato, lateribus
basique eburneis, lateribus cinnamomeo punctatis.
THE KEELED Cowrey. Shell ovate-oblong, rather solid,
slightly umbilicated, sides thickened, marginated,
teeth strong; back yellowish or pale cimnamon-brown,
ornamented with numerous rather large white spots,
sides and base ivory white, sides dotted with cinna-
mon-brown.
Ducios, Magasin de Zoologie 1833, pl. 36.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
Distinguished from the following species to which it is
so nearly allied, by its thickened growth, by its larger and
more contiguous spots, and by the dotted colouring of the
sides; characters which appear to be of uniform constancy.
Species 81. (Mus. Saul.)
CypR#A CRIBRARIA.
bilicatd, tenuiculd, lateribus marginatis cum extremita-
Cypr. testi ovato-oblongd, subum-
December 1845.
CYPRMA.—Priate XVI.
tibus plerumque reflexis, dentibus subnumerosis ; dorso
luteo vel cinnamomeo, maculis rotundis albis plus mi-
nusve numerosis ornato, basi lateribusque eburneis.
THE SIEVE-LIKE Cowrey. Shell ovate-oblong, rather
thin, sides marginated generally with the extremities
reflexed, teeth rather numerous ; back yellow or cin-
namon-brown, ornamented with more or less nume-
rous round white spots, base and sides ivory white.
Testa junior.
Testa junior flavescente-lacteo latifasciata, immaculata.
Younger shell encircled with broad bands of yellowish
cream-colour, without spots.
Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1178.
Hab. Ceylon.
It is not literally correct to say that the back of this
species is spotted; there is no deposite of spots, the last
coat of cimnamon-brown colour being perforated, like a
sieve, the white or cream coloured ground of the interme-
diate state is seen through each orifice. The two different
shades generally observable in the colour, shows that the
left mantle of the animal must be of unusually large pro-
portion, whilst the right is small and feeble.
Species 82. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Saul.)
CyPRHA STAPHYLMA. Cypr. testé ovatd, dorso multigra-
noso, granis latera versus prominentioribus, lateribus
et extremitatibus foveolatis, dentibus per basem utrinque
extensis ; dorso lavendulo aut cinereo-violaceo, granis
albidis, dentibus et extremitatibus croceo-fuscescentibus,
extremitatibus interdum purpureis, basi albicante.
THE GRAPE-sHOT CowreEy. Shell ovate, back many-
grained, grains more prominent towards the sides,
sides and extremities pitted, teeth extended across
the base on each side; back lavender or ashy violet,
grains whitish, teeth and extremities yellowish brown,
extremities sometimes purple, base whitish.
Variety 8, Fig. 82 a.
Testa grandior, tenuior, dorso levigato, maculis granorum
locis.
Shell larger, thinner, smooth, with spots instead of grains.
Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.), p. 1181.
Variety 8, Cyprea interstincta, Wood.
Varietas intermedia, Cyprea limacina, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine Islands (all varieties) ; Cuming.
This I consider, without exception, the most variable
species of the genus, so much so that I can only particu-
larize the two extremes through which all the variations
range. The typical variety (Fig. 6.) is small and granu-
lous, the opposite variety (Fig. a.) is smooth, the grains
being replaced by spots, and larger, confirming with peculiar
accuracy an observation in my Monograph of the Cones to
the effect that all those varieties of shells in which the
surface is raised in granules, are proportionally more dimi-
nutive in size. One of the most constant character through-
out the varieties of this species is the yellowish-brown co-
louring of the teeth and extremities, indeed it is hard to
distinguish some of the white varieties from the C. nucleus
except by this peculiarity.
Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma Lister. Cypr. testa ovatd, depressinsculd, late-
ribus extremitatibusque marginatis et foveolatis, denti-
bus fortiusculis, interstitiis profunde excavatis ; dorso
pallidé olivaceo, punctis perpaucis albidis, guttis ol-
vaceo-fuscis sparsis inequalibus ornato ; lateribus basi-
que purpurascente-violaceis, purpureo lineatis et punc-
tatis.
Lister’s Cowrery. Shell ovate, rather depressed, sides
and extremities marginated and pitted, teeth rather
strong, interstices deeply excavated ; back pale olive,
ornamented with a very few white dots, and a few
scattered unequal olive-brown spots; sides and base
pale purple-violet, dashed and dotted with purple.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 507.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A beautiful species, and one of great rarity, well distin-
guished by its peculiarity of colouring.
65%
Sowerby, del et hth
Cypraa [7 XVIL
30%
Reeve Brothers, imp
CYPRAA.
Prate XVII.
Species 84. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CypR#a PULICARIA. Cypr. testé subcylindraceo-oblongé,
antice subdeclivi, latere dextro marginato, leviter con-
tracto, apertura angustd, dentibus minutis ; pellucido-
alba, vel luted, lateribus dorsoque punctis rubido-fuscis
subconspicuis aspersis.
Tae FLEA-sporrep Cowrny. Shell somewhat cylindri-
cally oblong, somewhat steep anteriorly, right side
marginated, slightly contracted, aperture narrow, teeth
minute ; transparent white or yellowish, sides and back
sprinkled with rather conspicuous reddish-brown dots.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845.
Hab. ?
This is quite a distinct species from the Cyprea piperata
with which I have frequently seen it mingled in collections ;
it is of a smaller and more cylindrically oblong form and is
not banded, whilst the dots are more conspicuous.
Species 85. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPR@HA EDENTULA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, in-
flatd, spird plano-depressd, latere dextro marginato, pos-
tice producto, apertura latiusculd, columella labroque
edentulis ; albidd, dorso rubido-castaneo profuse picto,
lateribus punctatis.
Tue ToorHLess Cowrzny. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, inflated, spire flatly depressed, right side margi-
nated, produced posteriorly, aperture rather wide, lip
and columella toothless ; white, back profusely painted
with reddish-chesnut, sides dotted.
SowersBy, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreeadze, no. 102.
Cypraa (Luponia) Algoensis, var. Gray.
Hab. Southern Africa.
This shell, of which I have examined numerous exam-
ples, is specifically distinct from the Cyprea Algoensis with-
out reference to the absence of teeth ; it is of a shorter and
more inflated growth, and the back is more conspicuously
bedaubed with chesnut colour.
Species 86. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr#a Capensis. Cypr. testd ovatd, profundé umbili-
catd, basi peculiariter depressd, lateribus conspicue mar-
ginatis, extremitatibus precipue posticis productis, aper-
turd semicirculari, columellé dorsoque liris rugeformi-
bus parvis numerosissimis confertis superficiariis, labri
dentes versus convergentibus tectis ; sordidé luteo-fus-
cescente.
THe Capp Cowrey. Shell ovate, deeply umbilicated,
peculiarly depressed, sides conspicuously marginated,
extremities, especially the posterior, produced, aperture
crescent-shaped, columella and back covered with very
numerous close-set small superficial wrinkle-like rid-
ges, converging towards the teeth of the lip; dirty
light yellowish-brown.
Gray, Wood Index Testaceologicus Supp. pl. 3. f. 18.
Cypraovula Capensis Gray.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
The ridges of this remarkable and, now, well-known spe-
cies are of a curious superficial epidermal character, though
converging round the lip with some solidity.
Species 87. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@®a Preerata. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatda, latere
dextro marginato, dentibus parvis ; lutescente, dorso
fasciis quaternis pallidé castaneis interruptis ornato,
obscure minute punctato, lateribus punctatis.
THE PEPPERED Cowrery. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, right side marginated, teeth small; yellowish,
back ornamented with four interrnpted pale chesnut
bands, obscurely minutely dotted, sides dotted.
SonanpER, MSS.; Gray, Zool. Jounal vol. i. p. 498.
Cyprea angustata var. (f. 2. 6.) Kiener.
Hab. New Holland.
The two central bands of this species are sometimes
amalgamated into one of double width. It is of a more
pyriform shape than that which I have distinguished by
the new title of Cyprea pulicaria, and the painting and
dotting are of quite a different character.
Species 88. (Mus. Saul.)
CypRM@A FUSCO-DENTATA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovaté,
postice plano-depressd, subumbilicatd, marginibus sub-
incrassatis, dentibus basem super rugoso-liratis, colu-
mellé levigata ; lutescente aut sordidé albi, dentibus
Suscis.
January 1846.
CYPRMA.—Ptate XVII.
THE BROwN-TooTH CowREy. Shell somewhat pyriform-
ly ovate, posteriorly flatly depressed, slightly umbili-
cated, margins rather thickened, teeth rugose, ridged
across the base, columella smooth ; yellowish or dirty
white, teeth brown.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 499.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
No examples of this species appear to have come to
hand in any better condition than that described more
than twenty years ago by Mr. Gray, with the back entirely
decorticated, but amply distinguished from any other at
the base.
Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.)
CyPRMA sIMILis. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovata, ventri-
cosi, postice plano-obtusd, crassiusculd, lateribus sub-
marginatis, apertura latiusculd, dentibus exterioribus
subdistantibus, basem versus partim elongatis, iterior-
ibus parvis numerosis irregularibus confertis ; sordidé
alba, fuscescente spiram versus indistincte sparsim ma-
culato.
THE SIMILAR Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
ventricose, posteriorly flatly obtuse, rather thick, sides
slightly marginated, aperture rather broad, outer
teeth somewhat distant, partially elongated across the
base, inner small, numerous, irregular, close-set ; dead
white, back indistinctly spotted here and there around
the spire with pale brown.
Gray, Zoological Miscellany p. 36.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
This is another remarkable shell from South Africa of
which no other specimen has been seen. Like all the spe-
cies from that locality figured in the accompanying plate,
it is of an opake white, tinged with brown, without any
porcellanous enamel.
Species 90, (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprea ALGoErnsts. Cypr. testi oblongo-ovatd, posticé
depressiusculd, latere deatro marginato, postice producto,
apertura latiusculd, dentibus exterioribus subelongatis,
interioribus parvis brevissimis ; lutescente-lacted, lateri-
bus dorsoque rubido-fusco punctatis.
Tue Atcoa Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather depres-
sed posteriorly, right side marginated, produced poste-
riorly, aperture rather wide, outer teeth slightly elon-
gated, inner small, very short ; yellowish cream-colour,
sides and back dotted with reddish brown.
Hab. Algoa Bay, South Africa.
The inner teeth of this species are rarely represented by
anything more than a row of granular nodules.
Species 91. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRMA ANGUSTATA. Cypr. testé ovatd, incrassatd, late-
ribus tumidiusculis, submarginatis, basi depressd, denti-
bus parvis, precipue interioribus : dorso cinereo-fusco,
lateribus albicantibus, punctis grandibus castaneis con-
spicueé notatis, extremitatibus macula castaned utringue
pictis, bast albd.
THE STRAIGHTENED Cowreny. Shell ovate, thickened,
sides rather swollen, slightly marginated, base de-
pressed, teeth small, especially the inner ; back ashy
brown, sides whitish, conspicuously marked with
large chesnut brown dots, extremities painted on each
side with a chesnut brown spot, base white.
Hab. New Holland.
Although a species comparatively not uncommon, the
specimen here figured from the collection of Mr. Gaskoin is
the only one I know that is not more or less worn, or un-
coated. It has a bright enamelled porcellanous surface
consisting of a layer of dark brown colouring matter, over-
laid with a thin filmy coating of semi-opake cream colour.
9d
yerby
lel et
hth
Lh
Cyprad PULXVIL
Reeve Brothers, nmp
CORR AA.
Pirate XVIII.
Species 92. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA FIMBRIATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus
submarginatis, medio leviter contractis, basi plano-de-
press, apertura anticé hiante, dentibus parviusculis ;
albicante, dorso olivaceo-fusco minutissime lentiginoso,
macula grandi centrali indistincta, extremitatibus ma-
culd conspicud nigricante-violaced utrinque ornatis.
THE FIMBRIATED CowRrkY. Shell oblong-ovate, sides some-
what marginated, slightly contracted in the middle,
_», base flatly depressed, aperture gaping anteriorly, teeth
h ‘rather small; whitish, back very minutely freckled
with olive brown, with a large indistinct central blotch,
extremities onamented on both sides with a conspi-
cuous dark violet spot.
GMELIN Syst. Nat. p. 2423. ? Gray, Zool. Journal vol. 1.
p- 383,
Hab. Japan (under stones) Dr. Siebold.
A species which is extremely variable in size, but always
distinguishable by the dark violet spots on each side of the
extremities.
Species 93. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CyPRHA TERES.
conspicue marginato, basi peculiariter depresso, extre-
Cypr. testa elongato-ovatd, latere dextro
mitatibus prominulis subrostratis, apertura angustd,
dentibus minutis ; albicante, dorso maculis fuscescenti-
bus undatis.
THE TAPERING CowreEy. Shell elongately ovate, right
side conspicuously marginated, peculiarly depressed
at the base, extremities prominent, somewhat beaked,
aperture narrow, teeth minute ; whitish, back painted
with three bands of waved pale brown spots, right
side dotted with brown.
GMELIN ; Sowerby Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraeadie, no. 72.
fe5G.
Cyprea tabescens, var. Gray.
Hab. ?
T take this shell as the Cyprea teres of Gmelin on the
authority of Mr. Sowerby, though it is somewhat doubtful ;
it is, however, a species distinct from the C. tabescens, and
one of great rarity. There are two specimens in the col-
lection of Mr. Gaskoin.
Species 94. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRMHA ALBUGINOSA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, extremi-
tatibus subobtusis, dentibus brevibus ; dorso fulvo, viola-
ceo-fusco picto, ocellis, numerosis albis, fusco-annulatis,
ornato, lateribus violaceis, purpureo punctatis, basi vio-
laceo-alba.
THE WHITE-EYED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, extremi-
ties rather obtuse, teeth short ; back fulvous, painted
with violet-brown, ornamented with numerous white
eyes encircled with brown rings, sides violaceous,
dotted with purple, base violet-tinged white.
Mawe; Gray, Zool. Jounal. vol. 1. p. 510.
Hab. Califormia.
A richly painted violet and brown shell, closely studded
with white eyes encircled with brown rings which are
mostly thicker on one side than the other.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR@A FLAVEOLA.
natis et foveolatis, basi depressd, dentibus subelongatis ;
dorso luteo-fusco, ocellis albis variis profuse ornatis,
marginibus atro-fusco tinctis et punctatis, basi alba.
THE YELLOWISH Cowrey. Shell oblong, sides margined
and pitted, base depressed, teeth somewhat elongated ;
back yellowish brown, profusely ornamented with
white eyes of various sizes, margins stained and dotted
with blackish brown, base white.
Lryneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1179. (not of Born, or Lamarck.)
Hab. ?
Cypr. testa oblonga, lateribus margi-
Very closely allied to the following species, but differing
by its more straightly oblong form, and absence of black
rings. Care must be taken not to confound this shell with
the C. flaveola of Lamarck, which is the C. spurca, or the
C. flaveola of Born, which is the C. rufa.
Species 96. (Fig. a Mus. Cuming, Fig. 6. Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRMAGANGRENOSA. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovata, la-
teribus marginatis et foveolatis, basi subplanulatd, den-
tibus subelongatis ; dorso olivaceo, ocellis minutis albis,
annulisque perpaucis fuscis ornato, extremitatibus atro-
Susco tinctis, basi alba.
January 1846.
CYPR#A—Ptate XVIII.
Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma ziczac. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, umbili-
caté, dentibus subelongatis ; dorso albicante, lineis
flavescentibus undatis longitudinaliter ornato, lateribus
basique rufo-aurantiis nigro vivide punctatis.
THe z1GzAG Cowrny. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
umbilicated, teeth rather elongated; back whitish,
ornamented with longitudinal zigzag yellow lines, sides
and base reddish orange brightly dotted with black.
Linnews, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177.
Hab. Mozambique (under stones); Hennah.
There is a beautiful variety of this ancient, though not
abundant, species, in which the zigzag lines resolve them-
selves into distinct bands. The base is very similar to
that of the Cyprea lutea.
Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@®a AsELLus. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, lateribus viv
marginatis, dentibus subelongatis ; eburned, dorso fasciis
tribus latis nigro-fuscis ornato.
Tue LirtLe ass Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, sides very
slightly margined, teeth a little elongated ; ivory white,
back ornamented with three broad blackish-brown
bands.
Linyevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1178.
Hab. West Indies.
It is curious to observe that the very characteristic dark
bands of this species are not deposited at the last ; they
appear in all the earlier stages of growth winding round
the columella, and in the adult are cut off, as it were, on
each side by the superposition of a layer of ivory white.
Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@A PoRARIA. Cypr, testé subabbreviato-ovatd, cras-
siusculd, lateribus subindistincte foveolatis, dentibus sub-
elongatis ; extremitatibus obtusis ; fulod, dorso punctis
albis numerosis, quibusdam fusco-annulatis, ornato, late-
ribus basique purpureo-violaceis.
THE porous Cowry. Shell shortly ovate, thick, sides
rather indistinctly pitted, teeth a little elongated, ex-
tremities obtuse; fulvous, back ornamented with
numerous white dots some of which are encircled
with brown rings, sides and base purple-violet.
Linnevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1180.
Hab. Taheite, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming.
The painting of this species is very similar to that of the
Cyprea albuginosa, but it may always be distinguished by
its more diminutive and stunted form.
Cyproe PLXIX,
CYPRAA.,
Prate XIX.
Species 100. (Mus. Saul)
CYPRHA NEGLECTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovata,ad extremi-
tates subdeclivi, lateribus submarginatis, dentibus elon-
gatis ; dorso ceruleo obscuré fasciato, punctis minutis
Suscis maculaque grandi centrali, subquadraté, ornato,
extremitatibus maculé nigra utrinque pictis, lateribus
albis, nigro-punctatis, basi alba.
THE NEGLECTED CowreEy. Shell oblong-ovate, steep at
the extremities, sides slightly margined, teeth elonga-
ted, back blue, obscurely banded, ornamented with
minute brown dots and a large central square spot,
extremities painted with a black spot on each side,
sides white, dotted with black, base white.
Sowersy. Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypreadz no. 66. f. 12*.
Has. Mauritius.
Curiously intermediate between the Cypree stolida and
hirundo, but quite distinct from either.
Species 101. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr#a puNncTata. Cypr. testé ovata, dentibus parvis,
interdum brevibus, interdum per basem subelongatis ; lac-
ted, dorso punctis fuscis asperso, extremitatibus et den-
tibus aureo-flavescentibus.
THE porrep Cowregy. Shell ovate, teeth small, some-
times a little elongated across the base; cream-colour,
back sprinkled with brown dots, teeth and extremities
golden yellow.
Lryyevs Mantissa p. 548.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Cyprea atomaria, Gmelin.
Cyprea stercus-muscarum, Lamarck.
There appears to be two very distinct states of this spe-
cies, one in which the teeth are yellow and extend parti-
ally across the base, as represented in the accompanying
fizure; the other in which the teeth are very fine, short
and colourless.
Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPREA SANGUINOLENTA. Cypr. testé ovati, dentibus
brevibus, interioribus subobscuris ; dorso cinereo-purpu-
rascente fasciato, olivaceo parce lentiginoso, macula
fuscé grandi centrali irregulari, lateribus purpureo
punctatis.
THE BLOOD-sPOTTED CowREY. Shell ovate, teeth short,
the inner somewhat obscure ; back banded with ashy
purple, sparingly freckled with olive, with a large irre-
gular brown blotch in the centre, sides dotted with
purple.
GMELDY, Syst. Nat. p. 3406.
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, Africa (under stones); Hennah.
A well-defined species which, though not uncommon, is
rarely found in fine condition.
Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPREA INTERRUPTA. Cypr. testé oblongo-ovatéa, dentibus
parcis ; dorso olivaceo-viridi lentiginoso, maculis ni-
gricante-olicaceis subquadratis trifasciatim ornato, la-
teribus basigue albis.
THE INTERRUPTED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, slight-
ly umbilicated, teeth small: back freckled with olive
green, and ornamented with three bands of square
dark olive spots, sides and base white.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i. p. 376.
Hab. Ceylon.
A species well distinguished by three interrupted bands
of oblong-square spots.
Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHZA HIRUNDO. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovata, dentibus sub-
conspicuis ; dorso viridescente-ceruleo nebulato et fas-
ciato, punctis fuscis minutis asperso, lateribus fusco-
punctatis, extremitatibus maculé nigricante-fuscé utrin-
que pictis, basi albida.
THE swALLow Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, teeth rather
conspicuous ; back clouded and banded with greenish
blue, sprinkled with minute brown dots, sides dotted
with brown, extremities painted on each side with a
blackish-brown spot, base whitish.
Lryxevs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1173.
Had. Hastern Seas.
According to M. Deshayes, Lamarck confounded the
Cyprea felina, and probably one or two other species,
January 1846.
CYPRMA.—Prate XIX.
with this. There is a marked variety of the C. hirwndo in
which the blue painting is obsolete and the brown dots
more conspicuous and numerous; the C. Owenii Sowerby,
which name he afterwards cancelled. The C. wrsedlus of
Gmelin is thought to be a worn specimen of the C. hirundo.
Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma FELINA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus sub-
marginatis, bast depressiusculd, dentibus fortiusculis,
subdistantibus ; dorso viridi-ceruleo, late trifasciato,
punctis olivaceis ubique lentiginoso, lateribus flavicanti-
bus, maculis nigris conspicue ornatis, bast flavicante.
Tup cat Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, sides slightly mar-
gined, base somewhat depressed, teeth rather strong ;
back greenish-blue, disposed in three broad bands,
freckled all over with olive dots, sides yellowish,
conspicuously ornamented with black spots, base
yellowish.
Variety B (Fig. 6.)
Testa abbreviata, gibbosa, dorso elevato.
Shell shortened, gibbous, back elevated.
Gray. Zool. Journal, vol. 1. p. 384.
Variety 8. Cyprea fabula, Kiener.
2
Hab.
The Variety 8 was specially noticed by Mr. Gray on his
first introduction of the species in the Zoological Journal.
Tt is a variation of growth common to many other species
of the genus.
Species 106. (Fig. @ Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 6 Mus. Saul.)
CYPREA CLANDESTINA. Cypr. testd ovata, umbilicatd, den-
tibus fortibus subconspicuis ; dorso incarnato-lacteo,
obsolete trifasciato, lineis rufis exilissimis, hic illic an-
gulatim convergentibus, transversim ornato, lateribus
basique eburneis.
THE CLANDESTINE Cowrey. Shell ovate, umbilicated,
teeth strong, rather conspicuous ; back fleshy cream-
colour, obsoletely three-banded, ornamented trans-
versely with extremely faint red les converging here
and there to a point, sides and base ivory-white.
Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1177.
Cyprea moniliaris, Lamarck.
Hab. Ceylon.
The faint transverse red hair-lines, converging here and
there to a point, form an extremely characteristic feature
in this species.
Species 107. (Mus. Saul,)
CYPRHA QUADRIMACULATA.
ovatd, utrinque attenuato-rostratd, dentibus subpromi-
Cypr. testa subcylindraceo-
nulis ; dorso pallidé cerulescente, olivaceo minutissimé
lentiginoso, extremitatibus maculd nigricante-fuscd con-
spicue ornatis, basi albd.
THE FOUR-sPoTTeD Cowrny. Shell cylindrically ovate,
attenuately beaked at each end, teeth rather promi-
nent; back pale blue, very minutely freckled with
olive, extremities conspicuously ornamented with a
blackish brown spot on each side, base white.
Gray, Zool. Journal. vol. 1. p. 377.
Hab. ?
Although the Cypree hirundo, cylindrica, and a few
others are characterized by the appearance of two dark
spots at each extremity, they have not the same conspicu-
ons aspect as in the species under consideration, on account
of the pale delicate colouring of the shell. The Cyprea
quadrimaculata is moreover peculiarly distinguished by the
attenuated growth of its extremities.
EE —— Se
Sow erby, del. et hth
110°
Crprea Puy
Reeve Brothers, imp:
CYPRAA.
Pratt XX.
Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHA VESICULARIS. Cypr. testd globoso-inflatd, tenui,
subpellucidd, striis subtilibus elevatis, hic illic bifurcatis,
creberrimé ornaté ; aperturé ampla, lata, labro denti-
culato, denticulis subdistantibus ; pallidé pellucido-
carned.
THE vEsIcuLaATED Cowrzy. Shell globosely inflated,
thin, somewhat transparent, very closely ornamented
with fine raised strie, bifurcated here and there ;
aperture large, wide, lip finely toothed, teeth rather
distant ; pale transparent flesh-colour.
Gaskotn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
Lest this interesting little species may be taken for the
young of the Cyprea oniscus, it may be observed that the
dorsal strize are much more numerous and regular, whilst
the denticulations of the outer lip are comparatively fewer
in number. There is, moreover, no dorsal impression, and
the striae terminate less abruptly on the columella.
Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma costata. Cypr. testd globoso-oblongd, tenui, in-
flata, subpellucida, latere dextro subincrassato ; striis
subtilibus numerosis elevatis, raro interruptis, undique
ornatd ; apertura amplé, latd; pallidée rosed, apice
labroque albicantibus.
THE RIBBED CowreEy. Shell globosely oblong, thin, in-
flated, rather transparent, right side slightly thick-
ened; ornamented throughout with numerous fine
raised striz, rarely interrupted; aperture large, broad;
pale rose, lip and apex whitish.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3418. no. 94.
Cyprea (Trivia) carnea, Gray.
Cyprea rosea, Wood, Kiener.
Hab. ?
I follow M. Deshayes in referring this species to the
Cyprea costata of Gmelin; but he has erred in stating that
M. Kiener has taken it for a variety of the Cyprea oniscus.
Species 110. (Fig. a and 4 Mus. Walton.
Fig. ¢ Mus. Saul.)
CYPRHA LUTEA. Cypr.testd subpyriformi-ovatd, umbilicatd,
lateribus marginatis, extremitatibus paululum reflexis ;
dorso lacteo-ceruleo, punctis luteo-fuscis irregulariter
nebulatis, profuse inquinato, lateribus extremitatibus
basique luteis aurantiisve, nigricante-fusco punctatis,
dentibus pallidioribus.
THE YELLOW Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
umbilicated, sides margined, extremities a little re-
flexed ; back milky blue, profusely bedaubed with ir-
regularly clouded yellowish-brown dots, sides, extre-
mities, and base, yellow or orange, dotted with dark
brown, teeth paler.
Variety B Fig. 110 e.
Testa parva, dorso olivaceo-fuscescente, zonis duabus angustis
lacteo-ceruleis.
Shell small, back olive-brown, with two narrow milky blue
zones,
Gronovius, Zoophylacium, fase. 3. pl. xix. f. 17.
Cyprea Humphreysii, Gray.
Hab. ——?
I quite agree with M. Deshayes in identifying this inter-
esting and rare species with the Cyprea lutea of Gronovius;
the figure in the ‘ Zoophylacium ’ is perhaps a little obscure
for want of colour, but the description, though short, is
sufficiently characteristic ;—“ testa umbilicata, supra fus-
cescente albo-fasciata, subtus lutea punctis fuscis.”
This well-known state of the shell must, however, be
regarded as a variety, as we have it, in the collection of
Mr. Walton, as represented at Fig. 110 a and 4, of larger
size and ina much more perfect and elaborately painted
condition. The whole of the dorsal surface is a clear milky
blue profusely bedaubed with light brown splashes, cloud-
ing one with the other.
An intermediate state has been represented by Sowerby
in the Conchological Illustrations f. 55, copied so inaccu-
rately by Kiener as to exhibit a dot-banded character en-
tirely foreign to the species.
Species 111. (Mus. Saul.)
Cyprma ontscus. Cypr. testa globoso-ovatd, valde inflaté,
latere dextro incrassato ; striis elevatis aut vesiculis
bifurcatis et rugatis ornatd, impressione levi dorsali
centrali ; apertura ampld, latissind ; columella levi ;
dorso rosaceo-carneo, basi albicante.
February 1846.
CYPRMHA.—Prate XX.
THE woop-Louse Cowrey. Shell globosely ovate, very
much inflated, right side thickened ; ornamented with
bifureated and wrinkled raised striz or vesicles, with
a smooth central dorsal impression ; aperture large,
very wide; columella smooth, back pinkish flesh-
colour, base whitish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x.
p- 541.
Cyprea (Trivia) aperta, Gray.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
Neither of the figures in Lister and Martini to which
Lamarck refers for the illustration of this species can be
possibly identified with his description. The former, as
M. Deshayes has already shown, represents the C. radians,
and there is very little doubt but that the latter is intended
for the same species, to which the terms “ elobosa, inflata,
albido-carnea, immaculata, ventre convex, apertura latis-
simi” do not apply. They apply on the other hand with
such peculiar accuracy to the species under consideration,
it is strange the confusion has never been detected by
English writers on the genus.
| Hab.
Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma ovuLA. Cypr. testd ovato-ventricosd, inflata, labro
dextro incrassato ; undique laevigatd, dentibus interi-
oribus minimis, apertura latissima ; nived, aut rosaceo
pallidé tincta.
Tur ovaL Cowrey. Shell ovately ventricose, inflated,
right lip thickened; smooth throughout, inner teeth
very small, aperture very wide; snowy white, or faintly
tinged with pink.
Laaarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p.533.
Cyprea carnea var, Gray.
P)
Cyprea ovulata was the name first given to this shell by
Lamarck, but finding, probably, that it had been already
used by Gmelin in reference to the C. cervus, he dropped
the last syllable for the sake of distinction, though both
terms are sufficiently corrupt. The species is a very
characteristic one, and may be easily recognised by its
smooth surface.
Cypraca [AE
747
118%
149
; : ; Reeve Brothers um
Sowerby, del. et ith i mo
CYPRAA.
Puate XXI.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@a SoLANDRI.
lateribusque rotundatis, dorso medio impresso, utringue
nodoso, costis e nodis divergentibus, dentibus exterioribus
minutissimis ; cinereo-fusca.
SOLANDER’s CowREY.
base and sides rounded, back impressed down the
middle, noduled on each side, with ribs diverging
from the nodules, outer teeth very minute; ash-
brown.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cat. Cypraade, no. 128.
f. 43.
Hab. California.
Cypr. testa ovatd, subventricosd, basi
Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
This species may be easily distinguished from the Cy-
prea radians by its minute row of outer teeth, there beng
an intermediate one between each of those terminating
the ribs: it is, moreover, distinct in form, being uni-
formly smaller and more rounded at the base. Mr.
Sowerby says “it is impossible to know which of the two
is the zadians of Lamarck’; but I think Lamarck’s ex-
pression “ lateribus dilatatis depressis, ventre plano ” fully
decisive.
Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPREA ANNULATA.
solidd, extremitatibus subrostratis, lateribus basique
Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassé.
y, | ? >
rotundatis, apertura subfleeuosd, angustd, dentibus
minutissimis, eburned, dorso maculis rotundis lateis
saturate annulatis, irregulariter picto.
THE RINGED Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, solid,
extremities somewhat rounded, aperture slightly flex-
uous, narrow, teeth very minute, concavity of the
columella deep ; ivory-white, back irregularly painted
with round yellow spots encircled with rings of a
deeper yellow.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 88.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming.
Distinguished from all other species by its solid obesity
and very characteristic style of painting.
Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprea Cuinprent. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd,
undique transversin crebricostatd, basi subdepressd,
apertura angusta, dentibus minutis, dorso medio extliter
impresso, extremitatibus rostratis, infra carinato-alatis ;
pallidé luteo-fuscescente, costis saturatioribus.
CurLpren’s Cowrey. Shell cylindrically oblong, trans-
versely closely ribbed throughout, base a little de-
pressed, aperture narrow, teeth minute, back faintly
impressed down the middle, extremities beaked, cari-
nately winged beneath; pale yellowish brown, ribs
darker.
Gray, Zool. Jounal, vol. i. p. 518.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming.
This is the only species at present known with the pe-
culiar wing-like appendages, above described, at the base
of the extremities.
Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR#A CICERCULA.
peculiariter elevato, granuloso, medio sulco lineart im-
Cypr. testa ovatd, turgidd, dorso
presso, apertura angustd, dentibus subelongatis, extre-
mitatibus rostratis, productis ; luted aut fulvo-albi-
cante, dorso fusco irregulariter maculatd, lateribus
fusco-punctatis, basi maculis quaternis castaneis con-
spicue picta.
Tp CHICK-PEA Cowrny. Shell ovate, turgid, back pe-
culiarly elevated, granulous, impressed with a linear
groove down the middle, aperture narrow, teeth
rather elongated, extremities beaked, produced ; yel-
low or fulyous white, back irrezularly blotched with
brown, sides dotted with brown, base conspicuously
painted with four chesnut spots.
Linyavs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1181.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs); Cuming.
The back of this species is peculiarly elevated and
eranulous, whilst the base presents a characteristic feature
in the four chesnut spots.
Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypR@A RADIANS.
dilatatis, basi depressd, extremitatibus retusis, dorso
medio latiusculé impresso, utrinque nodoso, costis e no-
Cypr. testé rotundato-ovatd, lateribus
dis divergentibus ; cinereo-fuscd, dorso macula nigrt-
cante tincto.
THE RADIATING CowrEY. Shell rotundately ovate, sides
February 1846.
CYPR#A.—Prate XXI.
dilated, base depressed, extremities blunt, back rather
broadly impressed down the middle, nodose on each
side, with ribs diverging from the nodules ; ash-brown,
back stained with a blackish blotch.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 540.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones); Cuming.
Characterized by its depressed growth and dilated
margin.
Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR®A GLOBULUS. Cypr. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, dorso
levi, sulco obsoleto aut nullo, apertura angusta, denti-
bus subelongatis, extremitatibus rostratis, productis ;
dorso fulvo-luteo, fusco subobscuré punctato, lateribus
extremitatibusque rufo-aurantiis.
THE LITTLE GLOBE Cowkgy. Shell cylindrically oblong,
back smooth, dorsal groove obsolete or entirely want-
ing, aperture narrow, teeth rather elongated, extremi-
ties beaked, produced; back fulvous yellow, rather
obscurely dotted with brown, sides and extremities
reddish orange.
Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1181.
Hab. Kast Indies.
Fully distinguishable from the Cyprea cicercula, to
which it so nearly approximates in general appearance, by
the absence of the dorsal groove, the granules, and the
four chesnut spots of the base ; it is also of a more oblong
cylindrical form.
Species 119. (Mus. Saul.)
Cypr@®a Mavcerim. Cypr. testé subpyriformi-ovatd,
latere dextro marginato, posticé subproducto, undique
transversim creberrimé costatd, costis subirregulariter
flexuosis, interstitiis scabriusculis, dorso medio lineari-
impresso ; fulvo-rosaced, dorso maculdé grandi fusces-
cente obscure tincto, latere dextro rosaceo.
MaveeEr’s Cowrny. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate,
right side margined, a little produced posteriorly,
transversely very closely ribbed throughout, ribs
somewhat irregularly flexuous, interstices roughish,
back impressed down the middle with a narrow
groove ; fulvous rose colour, back obscurely stained
with a large faint brown blotch, right side pink.
Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadee, no. 111. f. 30.
Hab, Gallapagos Islands; Cuming.
An extremely delicate species of which the fine example
here figured from the collection of Miss Saul is larger than
any other specimen I have seen.
Cypriea, FUNNIL.
ni ieeve Jorctrers, ump
CYPRAA.
Pratr XXII.
(All magnified to twice their length except Fig. 122 and 124.)
Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.)
SYPRHA GOODALLI. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, lateribus
submarginatis, basi depressd, dentibus parvis ; nived,
dorso macula grandi irregulari aurantio-fuscd picto,
lateribus fusco-punctatis.
JOODALL’s CowreyY. Shell oblong-ovate, sides slightly
margined, base depressed, teeth small ; snowy white,
painted with a large irregular orange-brown blotch,
sides dotted with brown.
TRAY ; Sowerby, Conch. Mus. Cypreade. no. 76. f. 16.
Zab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacifie Ocean (on the sands) ;
Cuming.
A delicate snowy white shell conspicuously stained on
he back with a large square irregularly reticulated bright
range-brown blotch.
Species 121. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
YPREA CONTAMINATA. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovati,
lateribus submarginatis, dentibus parvis, extremitatibus
subproductis, reflewis ; dorso carneo-fuscescente subob-
sure fasciato, minutissime pallid? fusco-punctato, ma
culd fuscd centrali, lateribus basique fusco conspicue
punctatis. .
HE DISTAINED Cowrey. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, sides slightly margined, teeth small, extremi-
ties rather produced, reflexed; back fleshy brown,
obscurely banded, dotted with pale brown, with a
central brown spot, base and sides conspicuously
dotted with dark brown.
RaY ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreade no. 96. f, 21.
‘ab. ?
An interesting well-defined species in the collection of
fr. Gaskoin of which Mr, Cuming also possesses an ex-
ople.
ee
Species 122. (Mus. Brit.)
(Natural size.)
YPRHA GASKOINI. Oypr. testi subabbreviato-ovatd, so-
ldiusculd, lateribus incrassatis, marginatis, dentibus
Sortiusculis ; dorso Sulvo-stramineo, ocellis albidis. fus-
co annulatis, parviusculis, sparsim ornato, lateribus cas-
taneo-punctatis, basi alba.
Gaskorn’s Cowrry. Shell somewhat shortly ovate, ra-
ther solid, sides thickened, margined, teeth rather
strong; back yellowish straw-colour, sparingly orna-
mented with rather small white eyes, encircled with
pale brown rings, sides dotted with chesnut, base
white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1846.
Hab. °
This interesting species of which I have seen two spe-
cimens, one in the British Museum and one in the collec-
tion of Mr. Gaskoin, partakes of the characters of the Cy-
pree Cuningii and esontropia, bearing such a relation to
the former as the latter does to the C. cribraria. The sides
are stoutly thickened and spotted like the C. esontropia,
and the back is covered with the same kind of small clear
ringed eyes as the C. Cumingii. As the accompanying
figure has rather a diminutive appearance in comparison
with the surrounding species, it may be as well to call at-
tention to the circumstance of the outer figures of this
plate being considerably magnified, whilst the two in the
centre are of the natural size. I dedicate it with a great
deal of pleasure to J. S. Gaskoin Esq., a gentleman to
whom we are much indebted not only for the liberal use
of a collection of Cypree exhibiting almost every imagin-
able variety of growth and colour of each species, but for
his essential services in working out the small ribbed kinds
which constitute Mr. Gray’s genus Trivia. ,
Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPRHA MARGARITA. Cypr. testd Pyriformi-ovatd, late-
ribus submarginatis et foveolatis, extremitatibus rostra-
tis, productis, apertura subflexosd, angusta, dentibus
parvis ; pallide stramined; dorso océllis albis grandibus
parvisque, lined dorsali pallidd fleauosé, profuse or-
nato, basi eburned, immaculata.
THE PEARL Cowrny. Shell pyriformly ovate, sides
shghtly margined and pitted, extremities beaked, pro-
duced, aperture rather flexuous, narrow, teeth small ;
pale straw-colour, back profusely ornamented with
large and small white eyes, with a pale flexuous dor-
sal line, base ivory white, unspotted.
SoLanpDER; Gray, Zool. Journal vol. iv, p. 87.
February 1846.
CYPRM#A.—Puarte XXII.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
This extremely delicate and graceful species appears to
have been known to ‘old Humphrey’ as ‘The pearl-porcelain
Cowrey’. The peculiarity in its style of painting is that
there are two distinct systems of spots of different magni-
tude, which are not encircled with rings.
Species 124. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
(Natural size.)
CYPR@A CINEREA. Cypr. testa ovato-ventricosd, interdum
oblonga, lateribus subincrassatis, dentibus breviusculis ;
dorso cinereo-fusco, trifasciato, punctis oblongis atris
interdum longitudinaliter picto, lateribus carneis, punc-
tis atris numerosis peculiariter confuse inquinatis, basi
flavicante, dentium interstitits roseo-carneis.
THE asH Cowrey. Shell ovately ventricose, sometimes
oblong, sides rather thickened, teeth rather short ;
back ash-brown, three-banded, sometimes longitudi-
nally painted with jet black oblong dots, sides flesh-
tinged, peculiarly confusedly stamed with numerous
jet black dots, base yellowish, interstices between
the teeth pinkish flesh-colour.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3402.
Eadem, Cyprea sordida Lamarck.
Hab. West Indies (under stones) ; Guilding.
The black-dotted painting which so strongly character-
this species is perhaps less constant than the pinkish flesh-
colouring between the columellar teeth, of which I have
invariably noticed indications where the first-mentioned
character was wanting.
Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr®a Becxir. Cypr. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, lateri-
bus submarginatis et foveolatis, eatremitatibus subros-
tratis et refleris, apertura subflecuosd, dentibus parvis,
Sortiusculis ; fulvd, dorso ocellis grandibus parvisque
albis ornato, ocellis grandibus castaneo pupillatis, late
ribus castaneo-punctatis, basi ad dentes exteriores cas
taneo lineo-punctata.
Brcx’s Cowrry. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, side
slightly margined and pitted, extremities a littl
beaked and reflexed, aperture rather flexuous, teet!
small, rather strong; fulvous yellow, back orna
mented with large and small white eyes, of which th
large are pupilled with chesnut, sides dotted wit!
chesnut, linearly dotted at the outer teeth with ches
nut brown.
Gaskoln, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835.
The C. Beckii approximates very closely in form to th
C. margarita, and like that species it has two distinct size
of white eyes ; it differs, however, in having the range «
larger spots pupilled with chesnut brown, the sides dotte
with chesnut-brown, and the outer teeth each marked o
the base with a chesnut-brown linear dot. In a specime
kindly remitted to me by M. Deshayes the form is les
pear-shaped and the extremities more obtuse.
Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@a rrRoraTa. Cypr. testd ovato-oblongd, lateriln
submarginatis, basi depresso-pland ; dorso pallide pu
pureo-cerulescente, obscure fasciato, punctis numerosi
Sulvo-fuscis, latera versus saturatioribus, copiose a
sperso, bast albidd, immaculatd.
THE BEDEWED Cowrzy. Shell ovately oblong, sid
slightly margined, base depressly flattened; bac
pale purple-blue, obscurely banded, copiously sprin]
led with fulvous brown spots which are darker in
lour towards the sides, base whitish, unspotted.
SoLanDER; Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 80.
Hab. Blzabeth Island (on the sands) ; Cuming.
It would be difficult to confound this with any oth
species, so peculiar is it both in form and style of
louring.
Cyproa, Pl. ANH.
130 Qi
¢
CYPRAA.
Prats XXIII.
(All magnified to twice their natural length).
Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR@A SANGUINEA. Cypr. testa ovata, dorso elevato, late-
ribus dilatatis, radiatine costata, impressione dorsali viv
nulla ; nigricante-purpureo-fuscd, dorso maculd san-
guined, utrinque albida, medio tincto.
THE BLOOD-STAINED Cowrey. Shell ovate, back ele-
vated, sides dilated, radiately ribbed, with scarcely any
dorsal impression, blackish purple-brown, back stained
in the middle with a blood-red spot, whitish on each
side.
Gray ; Sowerby, Conch. us. Cypreeade, no. 115. f. 32.
Trivia sanguinea, Gray.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (under stones) ; Cuming.
A very dark purple-brown shell with a blood-stain, whit-
ish at each end, in the middle.
Species 128 (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr#a Catirornica. Cypr. testd ovatd, subglobosd,
lateribus via dilatatis ; undique costatd, costis subdis-
tantibus, impressione dorsali vix nulla ; purpureo-fuscd,
dorso medio pallido, dentibus albidis.
Tue CaLrrorntan Cowrey. Shell ovate, rather glo-
bose, sides scarcely dilated ; ribbed throughout, rihs
rather distant, with scarcely any dorsal impression ;
purple-brown, back pale in the middle, teeth whitish.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. ii. p. 365.
Trivia Californica, Gray.
Hab. California.
Distinguished from the preceding species by its smaller
and more rounded form, whilst the ribs are stouter and
wider apart.
Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr®a Europma. Cypr. testd ovatd, subventricosd,
latere dextro submarginato ; transversim unidique cre-
bricostatd, impressione dorsali nulla ; carneo-fulvd,
Susco, precipue prope apicem, sparsim maculata, basi
alba.
Tur Evroe®an Cowrey. Shell ovate, somewhat ven-
tricose, right side slightly margined; transversely
closely ribbed throughout, with no dorsal impression,
flesh-tinged fulvous, sparingly spotted, especially near
the apex, with brown, base white.
Montacu, Testacea Britannica, Supp. p. 88.
Cyprea coccinella, Lamarck.
Trivia Europea, Gray.
Varietas pallida immaculata.
Cyprea arctica, Montagu.
Testa juvenis pellucida.
Cyprea bullata, Montagu.
Hab. Shores of Britain, &c.
The spots of this well-known species are very undefined ;
it may, however, be observed, that it is generally most
deeply stained in the vicinity of the apex.
Species 130. (Mus Gaskoin.)
CypR#A LaBiosa. Cypr. testd rotundato-ovatd, subde-
press, lateribus dilatatis et marginatis, extremitatibus
retusis ; dorso medio sulcato, utrinque nodoso, costis
Sortiusculis, subdistantibus, e nodis divergentibus ; dorso
carneo-fuscescente, maculis sents nigricantibus ornato,
lateribus basique cinereo-fuscis, costis albicantibus.
THE FULL-LIPPED Cowrey. Shell rotundately ovate,
rather depressed, sides dilated and margined, extre-
mities retuse, back grooved down the middle, noduled
on each side, with rather strong and somewhat dis-
tant ribs diverging from the nodules; back fleshy
brown, ornamented with six dark spots, sides and
base ash-brown, ribs whitish.
GaskoIN, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835.
Fab. ?
Tam rather inclined to think, with M. Gaskoin, that this
shell is distinct from the C. pediculus ; without reference
to its more depressly dilated form and difference of colour,
the ribs are much fewer in number, and developed with
greater force and regularity.
Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.)
CyPpR#A PEDICULUS. Cypr. testd ovatd, subventricosd,
lateribus submarginatis, dorso medio sulcato, utringue
noduloso, costis subtiliusculis numerosis e nodulis diver-
gentibus ; carneo-albicante, fucescente, precipue ad
February 1846.
CYPRM#A.—Ptate XXIII.
latera, marmorata et punctatd, dorso maculis senis ni-
gricantibus ornato.
Tur Louse Cowrey. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
sides slightly margined, back grooved down the mid-
dle, nodulous on each side, with numerous rather
fine ribs diverging from the nodules; fleshy white,
marbled and dotted, especially towards the sides,
with pale brown, back ornamented with six black
blotches.
Linnews, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1180.
Cyprea sulcata, Dillwyn.
Trivea pediculus, Gray.
Hab. West Indies.
Linneus may have confounded two or three species
under this head, but I think his specific name should be
reserved for that which is without doubt the type of the
group.
Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@A FoRMOSsA. Cypr. testé globosd, tenui, subinflata,
latere dextro submarginato, undique transversim creber-
rime tenuicostatd ; roseo-albicante, sericeo-nitente, dor-
so carneo-fuscescente pallidissimeé tincto, basi alba.
THE BEAUTIFUL Cowrey. Shell globose, thin, rather in-
flated, right side slightly margined, transversely
very closely finely ribbed throughout ; pinkish white,
shining like silk, back very faintly stained with fleshy
brown, base white.
GaskotIn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
A very characteristic species distinguished from the C.
Europea by its globose and more inflated growth and finer
ribs, whilst there is a marked peculiarity in the delicacy of
its colouring.
Species 133. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPREA DEPAUPERATA. Cypr. testé suborbiculari, de-
pressd, lateribus dilatatis, subincrassatis, extremitatibus
retusis, dentibus subtilibus, dorso medio lineari-sulcato,
costis subdistantibus utringue divergentibus ; pallide
cinereo-fusca, immaculata, basi carneo-tincta,
THE IMPOVERISHED Cowrey. Shell nearly orbicular,
depressed, sides dilated, rather thickened, extremities
retuse, teeth fine, back linearly grooved down the
middle, with rather distant ribs diverging on each
side ; pale ash-brown, unspotted, base flesh-tinged.
SoweErBy, Conch. Illus. Cypreade, no. 130. f. 49.
Hab. »
Allied to the C. radians, but differing in that the dorsal
groove is perfectly linear, without nodules on either side ;
and it is of a paler ash colour.
T3544
135
130.
159
Sowerby del « Lith
Cyprwa, PL_XXIN.
Vincent Brooks Imp
CYPRAA.
Prats XXIV.
(All magnified to twice their natural length.)
Species 134. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprma Fusca. Cypr. testdé ovata, latere dextro subin-
crassato, transversim undique costatd, costis tenuibus
impressione dorsali obsoletd ; undique fusca.
THE BROWN Cowrey. Shell ovate, right side slightly
thickened, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs fine,
with an obsolete dorsal impression; brown throughout.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadee, no. 120. f. 37.
Trivea fusca, Gray.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands, and Bay of Guayaquil; Cuming.
There is some character in the colouring of this species,
it being of an uniform dull brown without any tinge of that
dark crimson which is so conspicuous in the C. sanguinea.
Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cypr@a ADAMSONII. Cypr. testé Ovuliformi, solidiusculd,
latere dextro crasso, marginato ; transversim undique
crebricostatd, costis levibus, extremitatibus subrostratis,
productis ; albd, aurantio-fusco conspicue maculata.
Apamson’s Cowrey. Shell Ovulum-shaped, rather solid,
right side thick and margined ; transversely closely
ribbed throughout, ribs smooth, extremities shghtly
beaked, produced; white, conspicuously blotched
with orange-brown.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypraade, no. 107. f. 7.
Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming.
An extremely characteristic species and the nearest ap-
proach in form to the genus Ovulum.
Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma NivEa. Cypr. test globosi, extremitatibus valde
obtusis, transversim undique costatd, costis angustis,
corrugatis, subprominentibus, dorso sulco lineari im-
presso ; pellucido-alba.
THE sNow-wHITE Cowrey. Shell globose, extremities
very obtuse, transversely ribbed throughout, mbs
narrow, wrinkled, rather prominent, back impressed
with a linear groove ; transparent white.
Gray; Zool. Journal. vol. iii. p. 369.
Hab. P
This species has a peculiar globose form, very like that
of a coffee-berry. M. Kiener has figured a C. nivea for
the C. scabriuscula of Gray, which is Lamarck’s C. oryza.
Species 137. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprm@a propucta. Cypr. testd ovatd, lateribus subdila-
tatis, extremitatibus peculiariter productis, basi depressa,
columella acutanguld ; transversim undique tenuicos-
tat, impressione dorsali nulla ; albd.
THE PRODUCED Cowrey. Shell ovate, sides a little
dilated, extremities peculiarly produced, base de-
pressed, columella sharp-angled; transversely finely
ribbed throughout, with no dorsal impression; white.
GaskoIN, Pro, Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 200.
Hab. ?
A white shell of very peculiar form, approximating nearest
to that of the brown Cyprea sanguinea.
Species 138. (Mus. Saul.)
CYPRMA AUSTRALIS. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovata, tenuiculd,
paululum inflata, apice subconspicuo, latere dextro mar-
ginato ; transversim undique tenuissime costatd, costis
supra levibus, subobsoletis, impressione dorsali nulla,
apertura subampla ; albidd, dorso maculis fuscescenti-
bus grandibus duabus vel tribus subirregulariter picto,
extremitatibus roseis.
THE souTHERN Cowrey. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thin, a little inflated, apex rather conspicuous, right
side marginated; transversely very finely ribbed
throughout, ribs smooth above, rather obsolete, with
no dorsal impression, aperture rather wide ; whitish,
somewhat irregularly painted with two or three light
brown blotches, extremities tinged with rose.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.545.
Trivia australis, Gray.
Hab. New Holland.
Distinguished by its colouring and light inflated growth.
Species 139. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CyPREHA MICRODON. Cypr. testd subelongato-ovatd, plano-
umbilicatd, antice subattenuatd et rostrata, lateribus
marginatis, basi depressd, apertura flecuosd, dentibus
brevibus minutis ; albd, dorso lineis undatis aurantio-
fuscis concinné trifasciato, extremitatibus utringue ro-
Seis.
THE SMALL-TooTtH CowreEy. Shell somewhat elongately
ovate, flatly umbilicated, anteriorly rather attenuated
and beaked, sides margined, base depressed, aperture
flexuous, teeth minute; white, encircled with three
February 1846.
CYPRM#A.—Ptate XXIV.
neat bands of waved orange-brown lines, extremities
tipped on each side with pink.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 71.
Hab. Isle of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
Care should be taken not to confound a small variety
of the C. fimbriata with this species, which is distinguished
from it by its attenuated form, minute teeth and pecu-
liarity of colouring.
Species 140. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprea oryza. Cypr. testé ovatd, latere dextro vix
marginato, transversim undique tennissime costatd, cos-
tarum interstitiis peculiariter scabris, impressione lineart
dorsali ; nived.
THE RICE-GRAIN CowrEY. Shell ovate, right side scarcely
margined, transversely very finely ribbed throughout,
interstices between the ribs peculiarly rough, with a
linear dorsal impression ; snowy white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.543.
Cyprea scabriuscula, Gray.
Varietates ?
Cyprea hordacea and intermedia, Kiener.
Hab. Isle of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
Of a rounded oblong oval form, the ribs being very fine,
and the interstices of a peculiarly roughish character.
”
or
7
Up) LA .
4h
IAS
owerly del et hth
o
CYPRAA.
PuaTe XXV.
(All magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 141. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CypRHA RUBESCENS. Cypr. testd globoso-ovaté, latere
dextro incrassato, marginato, transversim undique tenui-
costatd, columelld concavit, acutanguld, impressione
dorsali nulla ; rubescente vel pallidé rosed, basi albi-
cante.
THe REDDISH CowreEy. Shell globosely ovate, right
side thickened, margined, transversely finely ribbed
throughout, columella hollow, sharp-angled, with no
dorsal impression ; pale red or pink, base whitish.
Gray; Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 185.
Hab. Galapagos Islands (under stones); Cuming.
The C. rubescens is rather a solid shell than otherwise.
Species 142. (Mus. Cuming.)
CypR#A suFFUSA. Cypr. test oblongo-ovatd, latere dew-
tro extremitatibusque marginatis, transversim undique
tenuicostatis, costis vie granosis, sulco dorsali con-
spicuo ; roseo-albicante, costis fusco promiscue varie-
gatis et punctatis, extremitatibus roseis, basi albida.
THE SPRINKLED Cowrey. Shell rather oblong-ovate,
right side and extremities slightly thickened and
margined, transversely finely ribbed throughout, ribs
scarcely granose, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ;
pinkish-white, ribs promiscuously variegated rl
dotted with brown, extremities pink, base whitish.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeade, no. 126. f. 41.
C; ypraea armandina, Duclos.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming.
Distinguished by the sprinkled brown painting of the ribs.
Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprea Pactrrica. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovata, latere deatro
submarginato, extremitatibus leviter productis, basi de-
pressd ; transversim undique costatd, costis tenuibus sub-
corrugatis, sulco dorsali conspicuo ; dorso pallide cine-
reo aut fuscescente, punctis maculisque fuscis ad utrum-
que latus sulci dorsalis alternantibus suffuso, extremita-
tibus roseis, basi albicante.
Tur Pactric Cowrry. Shell oblong-ovate, right side
slightly margined, extremities a little produced, base
depressed, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs fine,
rather wrinkled, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ;
pale ash or ¥ery light brown, back suffused aah
brown dots and spots alternating on each side the
dorsal groove, extremities pink, base whitish.
Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832.
Hab. Gallapagos Talanids (under stones) ; Cuming.
Well characterized by the alternating spots.
Species 144. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CypRma PULEX. Cypr. testd ovatd, latere dextro submar-
ginato, transversim undique subtilissime costatd, costis
supra levibus vel obsoletis, impressione dorsali vie nulla;
dorso cinereo-fusco, lateribus basigue albis.
Tu FLEA Cowrey. Shell ovate, right side a little mar-
gined, transversely very finely ribbed throughout,
ribs smooth or obsolete at the top with scarcely any
dorsal impression ; back ashy brown, sides and base
white.
Sotanper, MSS.; Gray, Zool. Journ., vol. iii. p- 368.
Hab. Mediterranean.
This well-known species exhibits a great deal of charac-
ter in the smoothness of the dorsal ribs.
Species 145. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRHA RUBINICOLOR. Cypr. test globoso-ovaté, cras-
siusculd, latere dextro incrassato marginato, extremita-
tibus obtuso-productis, transversim undique costatd,
costis tenuissimis impressione dorsali nulld ;
ned, extremitatibus pulchre roseo-rubris.
THE RED-coLOURED Cowrey. Shell globosely ovate,
rather thick, right side thickened, margined, extre-
mities obtusely produced, transversely ribbed thr ough-
out, ribs very fine, with no dorsal impression ; pinkish
flesh-colour, extremities prettily tinged with rose-red.
Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835.
Hab.
TOS€O-Car-
This is without doubt a very distinct species; it may
have somewhat the form of the @. sanguinea, but in colour
and in the structure of the ribs it is quite dissimilar.
Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.)
CYPR#A QUADRIPUNCTATA. Cpr. testa rotundato-ovatd,
extremitatibus obtusis, transversim undique subtilissime
costatd, sulco lineari dorsali ; pellucido-rosed, dorso
punctis rubidis quaternis conspicuis, quarum duabus
ad utrumque latus sulci dorsalis alternantibus, ornato.
THe FouR-porrep Cowrery. Shell rotundately ovate,
extremities obtuse, transversely very finely ribbed,
with a linear dorsal groove ; transparent rose, back
ornamented with four conspicuous red dots, two on
each side the dorsal groove, alternating one with the
other.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iii. p- 368.
Cyprea rotunda, Kiener.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Easily distinguished by the four dorsal red dots.
February 1846.
ly pra
148 6
150
4
CYPRAA.
Pirate XXVI.
Species 147. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRHA SUBROSTRATA. Cypr. testi rotundato-ovatd, la-
tere dextro marginato, extremitatibus obtuso-rostratis ;
transversim subtilissime costatd, suleo dorsali subcon-
spicuo ; unidique nigricante-fuscd.
THE SLIGHTLY-BEAKED Cowrey. Shell rotundately ovate,
right side margined, extremities obtusely beaked ;
transversely very finely ribbed, with a rather conspl-
cuous dorsal groove ; blackish brown throughout.
Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. iii. p. 363.
Hab. P
A dark chocolate-brown species distinguishable by its
rounded form and slightly beaked extremities.
Species 148. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CyPR#A TREMEZA. Cypr. test ovatd, extremitatibus sub-
attenuatis et rostratis ; transversim subtiliter costatd ;
alba, roseo vivide variegatd et maculatd.
THE ROSE-sporrEep Cowrry. Shell ovate, extremities,
somewhat attenuated and beaked ; transversely finely
ribbed; white, stained and variegated with bright
rose.
Ductos, Magasin de Zoologie, 1833.
Cyprea exigua, Gray.
Hab. West Indies ; Duclos.
An extremely characteristic species, delicately painted
with rich rose-pink.
Species 149. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPRHA NAPOLINA. Cypr. testa ovaté, latere dextro in-
crassato, marginato, extremitatibus subproductis ; trans-
versim undique costatd, costis crebris, subobesis, sulco
dorsali nullo ; albé, dorso pallidissime fuscescente, ma-
culis duabus tribusve cinereo-nigricantibus exvilissimed
tincto.
THE FAINTLY-sporrep Cowrey, Shell ovate, right side
thickened, margined, extremities a little produced,
transversely ribbed throughout, ribs close-set, rather
stout, without any dorsal groove ; white, back very
pale brown, stained with two or three faint ashy-black
spots.
Ductos ; Kiener, Icon. Cog. viv. pl. 53. f. 3.
Hab. Senegal.
There is a peculiarity in the colouring of this species
which, carefully observed, serves amply to distinguish it
from the C. Europea, with which it is nearly allied.
Species 150. (Mus. Saul.)
CyPR®A PULLA. Cypr. testd rotundo-ovatd, subventricosd,
extremitatibus subobtusis ; transversim subtiliter costata,
sulco dorsali nullo ; nigricante-fusca.
THE BROWN-coLOURED Cowrry. Shell ovate, slightly
ventricose, extremities, a little obtuse, transversely
finely ribbed, with no dorsal groove ; dark reddish
brown.
Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846.
Hab. ?
Very like the C. subrostrata, but upon examination it
will be found to be rather more oblong in form, and with-
out any distinct dorsal groove; the colour is also of a
more transparent character.
Spectes 151. (Fig. 151 and 154, Mus. Gaskoin.)
CYPR®A CANDIDULA. Cpr. testd globoso-ovati, lateribus
subdilatatis, margine incrassatis ; transversim undique
costatd, costis fortibus, subconspicuis ; nived.
THE LITTLE WHITE Cowrny. Shell globosely ovate,
sides somewhat dilated, thickened at the edge ; trans-
versely ribbed throughout, ribs strong, rather con-
spicuous ; snowy white.
Gaskorn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835.
Hab. Mexico.
This interesting little species may be distinguished by
the forcible character of the ribs; as a proof of its specific
importance Mr. Gaskoin relates the circumstance of it
having been almost simultaneously described in two other
cities of Europe, in Paris by M. Duclos under the name
of C. olorina, and in Copenhagen by Dr. Beck wnder that
of C. approximans.
March 1846.
CYPRHA.—Prate XXVI.
Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cyprma GLoBosa. Cypr. testd peculiariter globosd, trans-
versim costatd, sulco lineari dorsali conspicuo ; nived.
THE GLOBOSE CowrzyY. Shell peculiarly globose, trans-
versely ribbed, with a conspicuous dorsal groove ;
snowy white.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Cypreeadze, no. 117.
Cyprea pilula, Kiener.
Hab. >
The globose pea-like form of this species, the smallest
of the genus, is truly characteristic.
Species 153. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
CyPRHA PELLUCIDULA.
subattenuatis et rostratis, transversim undique costatis,
costis tenuibus, subirregularibus, sulco dorsali nullo ;
nived.
THE RATHER-PELLUCID Cowrny. Shell ovate, extremi-
ties somewhat attenuated and beaked, transversely
ribbed throughout, ribs fine, rather irregular, with no
dorsal groove ; snowy white.
Gaskotn, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Oypr. testa ovatd, eatremitatibus
Hab. South Pacific.
A new snowy white species approximating in form to
the ©. tremeza; it differs, however, in being rather more
gibbous, and in having a greater number and finer ribs,
without any dorsal impression.
Species 154. (Mus. Gaskoin.)
Cyprma Pisum. Cypr. testé globosd, ventricosd, latere
dextro subincrassato ; transversim undique costata, costis
numerosis, angustis, prominentibus, sulco dorsali sub-
conspicuo ; carneo-fuscescente.
Tur pea Cowrezy. Shell globose, ventricose, right side
rather thickened, transversely ribbed throughout,
ribs numerous, narrow, prominent, with a rather
conspicuous dorsal groove ; pale fleshy brown.
GaAskOIN, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Kast Indies.
A very distinct and characteristic species, approaching
nearest in general aspect to the C. formosa, for which I
have been indebted to Mr. Gaskoin since the accompanying
plate was engraved. The shell represented at Fig. 154 is
the C. candidula.
GQpred,.
wad
5b
Sowerby del et lith ( Testas jeyene ) Fncent Brooks
CYPRAA.
Pirate XXVII.
So different is the appearance presented by the Cypree
in an early stage of growth to that which they assume at
a more advanced period, that I have thought it necessary
to figure a few of the most interesting species during the
Bulla-like state of their existence; that is, when the colu-
mella shows itself most distinctly to be the axis of growth,
and before the outer lip is inflexed or exhibits any indica-
tion of teeth. As of form, so also are there differences of
colour and design ; and the changes in both instances are
very dissimilar. The following series includes some of the
most remarkable.
Cyprma Mavritiana. Fig.l c. Pale buff brown, en-
circled with three broad bands of darker brown
clouded waves, the waves of the posterior band
striking out of the suture ; columella white ; interior
pale purple. Spire acuminated.
Cyprma arcus. Fig. 8 6. Pale yellowish fawn colour,
encircled with three or four narrow enlarging bands,
very irregularly stained here and there with oblong-
square spots of which there are no traces in the
adult ; columella white. Spire peculiarly flattened.
Cypr#a Scortit. In its first state (Fig. 106 and c) a
pure bright uniform milky orange, with the columella
ivory-white ; it then assumes a blueish tinge disposed
in obscure bands, and begins to show (Fig. 10 d) a
few bright tortoise-shell brown blotches, as exhibited
in the adult, before there is the slighest inflexion of
the lip, or any indication of teeth. This is an ar-
rangement different to that of most of the Cowries,
in which the teeth are chiefly developed before there
is any appearance of the spotted pattern with which
the adult is ornamented. Spire prominent.
Cyprma Tiers. In its first state (Fig. 12c) a clear
rather dark chesnut brown, encircled with faintly
shaded bands, with the columella white; the chesnut
coating then disappears by a superincumbent layer
of cream coloured enamel, encircled with five bands
of close set oblong blueish-brown spots (Fig. 12 2),
splashed irregularly with clouded stains of yellowish
brown. Spire rather depressed.
CYPR@A EXANTHEMA, Fig. 16 6. An uniform fawn brown,
encircled with five broad bands of a darker colour,
no appearance of spots, waves, or any description of
marking; interior rich purple; columella white.
Spire acuminated.
Cypr#a caRNEOLA. Fig. 19. Colour and bands exactly
as in the adult ; columella white.
March 1846.
+ eng Wy, r
; dy hee hk
iv
<i erie.
(> oe
ig
oq
oa Jc ae oe
achatidea, Sowerby............
achatina, Solander............
acicularis, Gmelin ...........-
INGEWIRGTIN, Orel? Capcdcsoueaee
adusta, Lamarck ........
albuginosa, Mawe ............
INMROMENE, Cr oosocacenoaeaas
amethystea, Linneeus ..........
angustata, Gray.............-
annulata, Gray ..............
annulus, Linneus...........-
CIGD ETEN) GSac nb onnoeauDee
Arabica, Zinngus ..........-.
Arabicula, Lamarck...........
aoctica, Montara. «2... -~ --
ALENOSAS GTAYi es <ii5 eee 214 16 «1
Argus, Linneus............--
arlequina, Chemnitz ..........
armandina, Duclos .
asellus, Jinm@us...........0.-
atomaria, Gmelin ............
aurantium, Martyn ...........
aurora, Solander ............-
australis, Lamarch..........--
Becki Gaskolt ae oss) ele
MOM, Cx ocge soos neanse
bifasciata, Gmelin ............
Iraderipiinn Gada ts )erevaisy ler) l=
bullata, Montagu.............
Californica, Gray ............
cameleopardalis, Perry.........
candidula, Gaskom ..........-
(Chyna, Cro o6 bagoad0s ee
caput-serpentis, Linngus.......
COLA EVEN fe dee omico o6 be bale
* carneola, Timm@us ...........-
carncola, Martyn. .......4.--+-.
Caurica, Linneus ......0.0---
cauteriata, Chemnitz ..........
CERUUIU LIATLOU-CIG wtcia) etel< state) 2-1 o 2
cervinetta, Kiener ...........-
CELVUSs LINNLUS «sro visio sic e we
(Cine C207? Soenn ao aepebe
cicercula, Linneus..........-.
ane, Crvahee 4505 coca bane
Timmy CHUN) cena pede ose Stee
clandestina, Linn@us..........
coccinella, Lamarck...........
XIX.
CYPRAA.
[Temporary Index.)
Species. |
conspurcata, Gmelin ..........
28 contaminata, Gray ...........
68 controversa, Gray ............
135 COStiataan GU/NeliaeEen een eine
39 Chibraniase/772usevaiceinee
94 cruentian Ginelumiae sie saeecute
90 CumingiyGray) ceeds
2 cylimdincaly Barn aac crecterie
21 COMO DETIYayseleese eich re
114 depauperata, Sowerby .........
val diluculum, Reeve.............
111 iid, Curing sp coco cosccooc
2 eburna, Barnes ..............
60 edentula, Sowerby ............
129 eglantina, Duclos... ........-.
27 CLOSAMINNNCUS Etnies cei eaeietere
8 errones, Linneus........-..--
3 erythrecensis;) Bech: 0. -)- 1-3 122
142 esontropia, Duclos............
98 Europea, Montagu ...........
101 exanthema, Linne@us ..........
ll GMGilih CHE, Gees booooads sens
11 Gok, Soi) aso ca ead6 6500
138 Heletip WGN Fos og 5eoG80 oF
125 fesciata, Chemnitz. ....- 22...
79 AM CR, gos acecc8annaéa
6 Serrugimosa, Kiener ..........-
13 sibuale) ENE 67/74/7 0 BRS Ra AAG
129 jflammea, Gmelin .............
128 flaveola, DTinn@us.............
17 fiaveola, Lamarck ............
151 Hiauescens, BOT rye arte =
86 LONMOSAs (TASLOUt ee sla) lente ee) aie
44 FLAGS, WINNS Kye) oh) ) ley <i-llelo eis
109 JU ARD GWEN cea nose yO eDIOS Oe
19 INS Cringe co omombeod Oo OF
28 fusco-dentata, Gray ..........
46 gangrenosa, Solander..........
15 Gaskomisericevennestersieictsen ener
6 gible, Gmelin orale evel tailor
6 globosanGraymesns pales e
6 globulus, Znnneus.........-.-
115 (Exomyehilh, Crh Goodsacooe once
116 Cres INGIGM ooo boon daccao[s
124 PARE Cro oe os ebapcooo dd
78 guttata, Lamarck ............
106 helvola, Linmeus...........50-
129 Hirundo; Lannceus, 2222-2 see
VII.
XXTIT.
XIV.
Il.
IX.
XVII.
XXIII.
V.
XXVI.
I.
XVIII.
DV
XVIII
XIV.
ANGI,
XXII.
Species.
15
121
51
109
81
38
17
64
35
133
65
ustrio, Gmelin .......------
hordacea, Kiener ......----+-+
Humphreysit, Gray ....---+++-+
Indica, Gmelin .......-.-----
intermedia, Kiener..........--
interrupta, Gray .....--------
interstincta, Wood.......-.---
rina, Kiener.......-.-------
irrorata, Solander........-+---
isabella, Linnaeus ........-+---
labiosa, Gaskoin ..........---
TLamarckti, Gray.......-.----
lentiginosa, Gray ...-.-------
leucodon, Broderip......-..--
leucostoma, Gaskoin........--
limacina, Lamarck.........-.-
Ibe (6700)5g anno cd oaDe 000
lurida, Linmneus........--++-:
lutea, Gronovius .......+-----
lynx, Linneus .......---++---
maculata, Barnes ..........--
Madagascariensis, Gmelin .....-
mappa, Limn@us ....-.--+++--
margarita, Solander........-.-
Maugerie, Gray ...-...------
Mauritiana, Linneus.......---
melanostoma, Leathes ......-.--
microdon, Gray .....-.--.---
miliaris, Gmelin ..........---
moneta, Linnwus......-.+.-+--
moniliaris, Lamarck ........--
NUS LIN EUS eae tekehelel i=)
napolina, Duclos .......-+----
nebulosa, Kiener..........--s
neglecta, Sowerby .....--+----
nigropunctata, Gray ......----
Tiel, (CH) coca bnesgesensde
nivosa, Limngus ..........---
nucleus, Linneus.........----
obvallata, Lamarck .......+.---
ocellata, Linneus......---.+--
oculata, Gmelin ......
olivacea, Gmelin. .....-...---
olivacea, Lamarck ..........--
oniscns, Lamarck .........--.-
onyx, Linneus ........--++--
oryza, Lamarck ......+.+.+++-
Ova Mamanchmrneenice treet
ovum, Gmelin ........-....+-
Tivstitcny, (Crocs ascnedcaos ac
CYPRAA.
Species.
140
110
45
140
108
82
59
126
ll
130
37
49
23
pallida, Gray .........+-+++-
pantherina, Mail oacc'ne66 a0
pediculus, Linneus......-+--+-
pellucidula, Gaskom ........--
physis, Broccht ........-+++-++-
picta, Gray .2....------>---
Wpiltula, KAMEN) ees ee = =
piperata, Solander .........---
pisum, Gaskoin ......++++-+--
plumbea, Gmelin........---+-
poraria, Linne@us ........-++--
princeps, Gray ....--..+-++--
producta, Gaskoim........--+-
pulchella, Seoainson ......-.---
pulchra, Gray.....---++--+-:
pulex, Solander.......--.++--
pulicaria, UDO tae be, ee ee
pulla, Gaskoin ......--+++--++
punctata, Linneus....-..+++--
punctulata, Gray......-------
pustulata, aman chieee eisai
pyriformis, Gray.......-.----
pyrum, Gmelin......--+-+0+s
quadrimaculata, Gray......---
quadripunctata, CHUM] oanadodes
radians, Lamarck .......++-+++-
rattus, Lamarck.......-.------
Reevei, Gray ......-------->:
reticulata, Martyn .......-++--
rosea, Wood ......:---------
rotunda, Kiener........------
rubescens, Gray .....---+--+
rubiginosa, Gmelin .....-.-+--
rubinicolor, Gaskoin .......-++
rufa, Lamarck .....-.-+ +--+
sanguinea, Gray ....-+++++++-
sanguinolenta, Gmelin ....--.-
Saulee, Gaskoin .....+---++---
scabriuscula, Gray ..-..++-++++-
Seottii, Broderip .....--+-+-505
scurra, Chemnitz ......-------
SUmIlis, Gray... =
Solandri, Gray .....-----+-++-
sordida, Lamarck .......-----
Sowerbyi, Avener.....-- 2-250
spadicea, Swaiwson...--+-+++--
spurea, Linne@us....-+++++ +++
squalina, Gmelin ...-..--++++-
staphyleea, Linneus...-.++++->
stercoraria, Limv@us......++++
Plate.
XU.
Ui.
XXIII.
XXVI.
XI.
Xi.
XXVI.
XVI.
XXVI.
I.
XVIII.
VI.
XXIV.
XIV.
XXV.
ive
XXII.
XIX.
XIV.
XXIV.
Species.
54
7
131
153
47
57
152
stercus-muscarum, Lamarck ... . . XIX. 101 trifasciata, Gmelin ...........
Stolida; JAnneus ........00055 XIV. 67 turdusy Lamarck...) 5042
sujjava, Gmelm.........2--. XID. 56 umbilicata, Sowerby ..........
Subrostrata, Gray ...........-. XAVI 147 andotae amar CK ee
BHDVINIGIS, MECE 4. .22-- saan. MED. 48 Vialentidie PEryi tree eee
BMHUSOM GITOY: cs aca aine © «1 < steis XXV. 142 coneliambinneusie wee eee
Suicata, Dillwyn ...........-. XXIII. 131 variolaria, Lamarck ..........
sulcidentata, Gray............ VIII. 29 ventriculus, Lamarck..........
tabescens, Solander........... XIV. 66 vesicularis, Gaskoin ..........
falpa, Minn@us .....2.5.+-5.- ID. 5 vitellus, Iinmeus .............
janes, Gig@dapeo vest oosecace | 2 MUUL 93 WEN, Cogs odlbncadane He
tessellata, Swainson........... XII. 53 EMUMOG ON, CHM ooogedccccaas
testudinaria, Linneus.......... IIL. 9 Aptis WINE NS, 66 oo soc co ab ae
tigrina, Lamarck . Ill. 7 ziczac, Linneus .............-
BIPMIS URNNCUS) Ge ca es nee LV), 12 zonata, Chemnitz.............
BreMme Za DUClOS ay tae. | ACV LE 148 EUs (EVEN 3 eee bo LE 6d OF
CYPRAA.
ERRATA.
Plate 1. p- 2,—for ©. aurora, read C. aurantium.
Species 3, C. RETICULATA,—add as synonyme C. maculata, Barnes.
Species 20, C. princers.—A report has just reached me from Lyons that a
second specimen of this remarkable shell has been received from
the Red Sea, and deposited in the Museum of that city ; I cannot,
however, vouch for the correctness of it at present.
Species 90, C. ALGOENSIS,—add authority, Gray, Zool. Journal, vol, i.
p- 498.
Species 91, C. ancusrara,—add authority, Gray, Zool. Journal, vol. i.
p- 497.
Species 96, C. gangrenosa,—add authority, SotanpErR, MSS., Gray, Zool.
Journal, vol. i. p. 503.
Species,
wownwan es
wowed w=) ee
108
iv Wii : f
MONOGRAPH
baer Oo Lal s:
“Tn all the liveries deck’d of summer’s pride,
With spots of gold and purple, azure and green ;
Or in their pearly shells at ease, attend
Moist nutriment, or under rocks their food.”— Milton.
iS. 3 “ee
y FR Ae uh he:
¥* _ a 'g yy iz 7 i
Hatiotus 72 [
EAR OMEIGS!:
Prats I.
Genus Hatrortts, Linneus.
Testa ovata, auriformis, planata, spird pared, brevissimd, la-
terali, peculiariter depressa ; intus margaritacea, pul-
cherrime prismatica, extus rugoso-costata aut corrugata,
raro levi, latere sinistro plus minusve angulato, fora-
minum serie reguiari ad angulum perforato, nonnullis
perviis; labro sinistro inflexo, planulato, dextro simplici ;
aperturé amplissima, propatuld.
Shell ovate, ear-shaped, flat, spire small, very short, lateral,
peculiarly depressed; pearly and very beautifully
prismatic within, roughly ribbed or wrinkled without,
rarely smooth, left side more or less angulated, per-
forated along the angle by a regular series of holes,
some of which are open; left lip inflexed, flattened,
right lip simple; aperture very large and wide open.
The genus Haliotis affords an unusual abundance of
novelty from the circumstance of it never having been
selected for the subject of an illustrated monograph; the
species are, moreover, well defined, and may be easily de-
termined by a careful examination of the variations of
sculpture and arrangement of colours.
The Haliotides are interesting in form as being the most
eyolved and depressed of spiral shells, and they have been
arranged with the Chitons and Limpets as exhibiting the
nearest apparent affinity with the non-spiral Gastropods.
They present also a singularity of structure in great mea-
sure analogous to the orifice in the shell of Fisswrella or to
the fissure in Hmarginula. On the left side of the shell,
in a direct curve parallel to the inflexed edge, is a row of
equidistant perforations, made by the animal in its progress
of growth for conveying the water to the breathing organs ;
the mantle is slit in that direction to a certain extent, and
the water passes into the respiratory cavity through a
tubular filament protruding from each hole. The number
of pallial filaments being alike in the same individual
throughout its several stages of growth, the shell mostly
presents the same number of holes at all ages, filling up
the hindmost orifice as a new one becomes formed at the
margin. The Siliguaria presents a similar modification of
structure, and it has been also considered that the slit in
Pleurotoma is in some measure analogous.
The internal surface of the ‘Har Shells’ is lined with a
bright pearly nacre, which in most species is of remark-
able iridescent brilliancy, glowing with all the colours of
the rainbow ; the attention must, however, be directed to
the outer coating of the shell, for the discrimination of
species, and it is with this view that the figures in the
foregoing monograph are devoted mainly to external sculp-
ture. There is certainly a striking variation of character
in the nacre of different species, but the pattern of the
The
number of perforations varies in different species, but may
be said to correspond in different individuals of the same
species; where an exception occurs, it is that there is
sometimes one, or at most two, less in the adult than in
the young state; that is, when the animal arrives at ma-
turity it continues to stop up one or two of the perforations
in advance of any new one.
inner surface is merely an indentation of the outer.
Tt is a curious circumstance in the geographical distri-
bution of the Haliotides that few, if any, are to be found
where Chitons abound ; as if they exchanged places to a
certain extent in the two hemispheres There are a few spe-
cies from California, but along the western coast of South
America, where Chitons are most abundant, not any are
found, and only one small species, the H. pulcherrima, at
any of the Islands of the Pacific. They inhabit the coasts
of China, Japan, Ceylon, Mozambique, Cape of Good Hope,
Borneo, and the Philippine Islands ; but the greater num-
ber of species, and the most remarkable, are from New
Zealand, and the continent of New Holland, displaying all
the peculiarity of design which invariably characterizes
the fauna of those isolated regions. With the well-known
Haliotis tuberculata of the Channel islands, all are familiar.
It is, however, a circumstance worth noting, that although
such near neighbours, and comparatively abundant, espe-
cially at the island of Jersey, it is rarely collected on the
coast of England.
The Haliotides are found at low water, attached to the
under surface of masses of stone, and they fix themselves
with great force to the rocks, by suction, on the least alarm.
Although the genus Haliotis was described by Lamarck
as being “ assez nombreux en espéces,”’ only fifteen species
appear to have been known to that illustrious naturalist ;
six were added to that number by M. Deshayes, in his new
edition of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres,’ and a few have
been described by Mr. Gray and others in scattered memoirs.
April 1846.
HALIOTIS.—Prats I.
With the rich and beautiful materials now before me,
chiefly from the collection of Mr. Cuming, I shall probably
be enabled to determine about eighty species; only a
limited portion of them, however, were taken by that emi-
nent traveller alive, as his researches have been chiefly con-
fined to the Western Hemisphere.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatioris putcuprrima. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd,
convexiusculd, radiatim costatd, costis fortibus, latius-
culis, nodoso-corrugatis, interstitiis rugosis ; spird sub-
ampld ; foraminibus senis perviis ; lutescente-alba, cas-
taneo-rubente maculata et variegatd, intus aureo-albi-
cante.
THE VERY BEAUTIFUL Haxioris. Shell orbicularly ovate,
rather convex, radiately ribbed, ribs strong, rather
wide, nodosely wrinkled, interstices rough; spire
rather large; six perforations open; yellowish white,
spotted and variegated with chesnut red ; nacre golden
white.
Martyn, Universal Conch. vol. ii. pl. 62.
Hab. Lord Hood’s and Grimwood Islands, Pacific Ocean ;
Cuming.
There is no green or blue either in the outer coat or
nacre of this species. The ribs are of a soft yellowish
white, stamed here and there with chesnut-red, and the
pearly interior exhibits a faint golden hue.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotrs Gtapra. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, convexo-
planulatd, spird pared ; glabra, striis perpaucis ea-
sculptis radiantibus, latere sinistro tenuilirato, forami-
nibus senis perviis, parviusculis ; labro sinistro latius-
culo ; olivaceo-viridi, luteo-viridescente angulato-reticu-
laté et variegata.
Tue smootH Hattorts. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly
flattened, spire small; smooth, with a few radiating
engraved strive, left side finely ridged, six perforations
open, rather small, left lip rather broad; dark olive
green, angularly reticulated and variegated with pale
yellowish green.
Cunmnttz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 311. pl. 166. f. 1602, 3.
Hab. Australia; Dring, R.N.
M. Deshayes is perfectly correct in his views of this
species, so admirably portrayed by Chemnitz. Figures
1607 and § of the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet’ represent a species,
hereafter to be described, unquestionably distinct both in
form and colour from that wnder consideration; and the
shell represented by Schubert and Wagner in the Supple-
ment of that work, Fig. 3086, 7, asa variety of H. glabra,
is also a very distinct species, subsequently described by
Mr. Swainson under the name of Haliotis Californiensis.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxtotis CunnincHamil. Hal. testd ovatd, tenui, maxima,
concavo-depressd, latere sinistro angulato, ad angulum
perforato, foraminibus subtubulosis, senis, (in testa juve-
ni septenis vel octonis) perviis ; oblique undato-plicata,
struis elevatis minute corrugatis undique sculptd, mar-
gine sinistro latiusculo, planato ; extus rubro-ferru-
gined, viridi fuscoque variegatd, intus albicante.
Cunnincuam’s Hattorts. Shell ovate, thin, very large,
concavely depressed, left side angulated, perforated
at the angle, perforations somewhat tubulous, six
(in the young shell seven or eight) open, obliquely
undulately plicated, sculptured throughout with mi-
nutely wrinkled striz, left margin rather broad, flat-
tened ; outside reddish brown, variegated with green
and darker brown, inside whitish.
Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey
of the Coast of Australia, 1827), vol. 1. p. 494.
Hab. Australia and New Zealand.
Three excellent figures of this magnificent species have
been recently publised by Dr. Phillippi in his valuable work
on Species of Shells ‘ Abbild. und Besch. Conch.’ for the
Haliotis nevosa of Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. i. pl. 63,
from which it differs materially both in form and colour.
It was described by Mr. Gray nearly twenty years ago in
the work above quoted, and I have had the pleasure of
identifying the splendid shell here figured, with a young
specimen in that gentleman’s private cabinet, having the
name of Mr. Allan Cunningham, the indefatigable Botanist
of that Expedition, attached to it in Mr. Gray’s hand-
writing. It is a very large thinnish concavely flattened
shell, with the left side rather sharply angulated, and the
outer surface finely sculptured throughout with wrinkled
strize, a good distinctive character to which I attach some
importance, and which is conspicuously developed in spe-
cimens of different stages of growth now before me. The
colour is a light rusty red, variegated with flame-like patches
of dark brown, with a little green intermingled, the nacre
of the interior being of a rather pallid hue.
fiatotes. PLL
ry del et lith
PSL tOTrEs:
Puiate IT.
Species 4, (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatrotis varia. Hal. testé ovato-oblongd, depresso-con-
vex, spird humili ; oblique tumido-nodosa, spiraliter
crebiliratd, liris valde irregularibus, foraminibus senis
perviis ; viridi aut olivaceo-fusco luteoque diversimodo
radiatim variegatd, intus argented.
THE vartecatep Haxtorts. Shell ovately oblong, de-
pressly convex, spire low, obliquely tumidly nodose,
spirally closely ridged, ridges very irregular, six holes
open; diversely radiately variegated with greenish or
olive-brown and yellow; nacre silvery.
Linn aus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
A good distinguishing mark in this species are the curious
swollen nodules, ranging across the shell in oblique waves,
though sometimes a little obscure. The variegated yellow
and olive-green colour is mostly disposed in alternate
enlarging stripes striking out from the nucleus of the spire.
Mr. Cuming found the H. varia abundantly distributed
throughout the Philippine Islands.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haiotis ruBIcUNDA. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd,
tenuiculd, medio concavo-depressd, latere sinistro tricos-
tato, costd externd tuberculatd, scabrosd, mediand tu-
biferd, perforata, foraminibus quinis senisve pervits,
interna tumidd, conspicud, rugoso-striatd, lamellis tenui-
bus undato-striatis erectis inter spiram et costam inter-
nam. concentrice dispositis ; extus rufescente aut olivaceo
viridique variegatd, intus pulcherrime irridescente.
THE RED-TINGED Hattotrs. Shell somewhat orbicu-
larly ovate, rather thin, concavely depressed in the
middle, left side three-ribbed, the outer rb tubercu-
lated and scabrous, the middle rib tubiferous and
perforated, six to seven of the perforations open, the
inner rib swollen, conspicuous, roughly striated, with
thin lamellee concentrically arranged between the spire
and the inner rib ; exterior reddish or variegated olive
and green, interior very beautifully irridescent.
Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes’ edit) vol. ix. p. 30.
Gray, App. King’s Voyage, p. 494.
Padollus rubicundus, De Montford.
Padollus scalaris, Leach.
Haliotis tricostalis, Lamarck.
Haliotis canaliculata, Schubert and Wagner.
Hab. Rotten Nest Island, Swan River Settlement ; Lieut.
Preston, R.N.
The structure and symmetrical arrangement of this spe-
cies is truly elegant; and highly characteristic of the
beautiful natural productions of the country of which it is
an inhabitant.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALIoTIs RUFESCENS. Hal. testdé ovatd, convexo-depressé,
crassiusculd, spiraliter liratd, liris minutis irregula-
ribus ; oblique undato-plicatd, plicis grandibus tumidis ;
foraminibus subamplis, tubulosis, quaternis tantum per-
viis ; extus corallo-rubra@ saturatd, intus irridescente,
labri dextri linbo intus corallo-rubro.
THE coRAL-RED Hattoris. Shell ovate convexly de-
pressed, rather thick, spirally ridged, ridges minute,
irregular ; obliquely wave-plicated, plaits large, swol-
len; perforations rather large, tubulous, four only
open; outside deep coral-red, inside irridescent,
inner edge of the right lip coral red.
Swarnson, Appendix to Bligh Catalogue, p. 2.
Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald.
A fine dark coral-red species growing in large oblique
swollen undulating waves. “ In proportion as the back of
this species is worn down,” says Mr. Swainson “the
colour becomes of a bright red,” an observation very signi-
ficant of its real character.
April 1846.
Hatiotes
y del eth
Ble ves Ovi Se
Prate III.
Species 7. (Mus Taylor.)
Hatiorrs rvGoso-piicata. Hal. testd oblongo-ovata,
anticé subattenuatd, valde conveed, spiraliter elevato-
striatd, oblique rugoso-plicaté, Soraminibus septenis per-
vits ; olivaceo-viridescente, rufo pallide radiaté.
Tur RovGH-PLAtTED Hatiorts. Shell oblong-ovate, a
little attenuated anteriorly, very convex, spirally ele-
vately ridged, obliquely roughly plicated, seven of the
perforations open ; pale olive green, faintly radiated
with red.
CuEmni1z, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p- 311. pl. 116. f. 1604.
and 1604. a.
Haliotis australis, Gmelin, Lamarck.
Hab. New Holland ; Capt. King.
Although a compound specific name is not quite in ac-
cordance with the modern rules of nomenclature, I cannot
think that any hitherto given should be abandoned.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattorrs KamrscHarKana.. Hal. testd ovato-oblongd,
spiraliter striatd et liratd, liris plano-obtusis subdistan-
ibus, transversim oblique tumulosis, tumoribus conspi-
cuis, subundatis, latere sinistro latisulcato, foraminibus
tumodiusculis amplis, quaternis tantum perviis, extus
rufo-viridique vividd tessellatin variegata, liris spirali-
bus rufo-alboque promiscud articulatis.
fun KamrscuarKa Hatiorrs. Shell ovately oblong, spi-
rally striated and ridged, ridges flatly obtuse, rather dis-
tant, transversely obliquely full of conspicuous waved
swellings, left side rather broadly grooved, perforations
rather swollen, large, four only open; exterior tessel-
lately variegated with bright red and green, spiral
ridges articuted with red and white.
ONAS, Menke, Zeitschrift fiir Malak. Nov. 1845.
Hab. Oonalaska, near Kamtschatka, Northern Arehi-
pelago ; Jonas.
This very beautifully painted shell has more the appear-
ance of a tropical than a northern species, for it presents
the brightest display of colours of any of the genus. The
entire surface consists of wavy swellings, variegated in a
somewhat tessellated style with dark coral red and bright
verdigris green, over which the spiral ridges pass here and
there articulated with red and white,
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALioris sPLENDENS. Hal. testd ovatd, convexo-depressd,
undique spiraliter liratd, liris crebris regularibus subob-
tusis, nonnullis aliis latioribus, foraminibus quinis per-
viis ; extus a@rugini-viridescente, articulis albicantibus
spiram prope interdum notatd, epidermide fibroso fusco
indutd, intus ceruleo viridique, nigricante nebulatd,
pulcherrime irridescente.
THE SPLENDID Hatsorts. Shell ovate, convexly depres-
sed, spirally ridged throughout, ridges close-set,
regular, rather obtuse, some broader than others, five
of the perforations open; outer surface of the shell
verdigris green, sometimes marked near the spire with
whitish articulated markings, covered with a brown
epidermis, inner surface very beautifully irridescent
with blue and green clouded with black.
Rerve. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846,
Hab. California.
This is the large species imported from California, the
richly coloured polished surface of which is used for the
ornamental work of various articles of manufacture. It is
not referable to any of the species mentioned by Lamarck,
and although familiarly known to collectors by the above
name I cannot learn upon what authority it has been used,
April, 1846.
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Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxroris Rost.
pland, spiraliter costatd et “iratd, costis lirisque alter-
Hal. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, depresso-
nantibus, peculiariter crebriscabrosis, foraminibus par-
viusculis, octonis novenisque perviis ; extus vivide cocci-
neo-rubra aut olivaceo-fuscd, radiatim albimarmoratd,
intus spiraliter sulcatd, pulchreé irridescente.
Rog’s Hatroris. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate, de-
pressly flattened, spirally ribbed and ridged, ribs and
ridges alternating, peculiarly closely scabrous, per-
forations rather small, eight or nine open; exterior
bright scarlet red, radiately marbled with white, inte-
rior spirally grooved, beautifully irridescent.
Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey
of the coast of Australia, 1827), vol. i. p. 493.
Haliotis scabricosta, Menke.
Hab. New Holland; King, Menke.
This very interesting species was originally collected
during Capt. King’s Survey of the coast of Australia, and
named by Mr. Gray in honour of Lieut. Roe of that Ex-
pedition in his Appendix to the ‘ Narrative of the Voyage’
above referred to. M. Menke not being cognizant of this
book described the species in his Moll. Nove Hollandiz
under the name of H. scabricosta, and Dr. Philippi has re-
produced it under the same name in his ‘ Abbild. und
Besch. Conch’.
The external sculpture of the Haliotis Roei consists of a
number of alternating ribs and fine ridges, composed of irre-
gular scales closing immediately one upon the other.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxiotts Marte. Hal. testd ovata, depressiusculd, spird
sublaterali ; spiraliter costatd, costis depressis, perlatis,
oblique viv plicatis, supra uni-bi-sulcatis, interstitiis
excavatis, foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; extus
aurantio-spadiceo variegatd, intus subargented.
Manrta’s Haxrorrs. Shell ovate, rather depressed, spire
nearly lateral; spirally ribbed, ribs depressed, very
broad, slightly obliquely plicated, upper surface en-
graved with one or two grooves, interstices between
the ribs hollow, holes rather large, five open; exte-
rior tinged with orange fawn, interior rather silvery.
Gray, Wood Index Test. Supp. 1825. pl. 8. f. 6.
Haliotis dentata, Jonas.
Hab. ?
This interesting species was named some twenty years
since by Mr. Gray in honour of his kind-hearted and ac-
complished lady, so well-known to conchologists by her
spirited etchings of the Mollusca. It is so unlike any
other species of the genus that no one can fail to admire
it. The surface between the row of perforations and the
spire, is characterized by about half a dozen peculiarly
broad depressed ribs, the interstices between which are
excavated into as many hollow channels; and down the
flattened summit of each rib are one or two faintly in-
dented grooves.
I have not as yet heard of more than three specimens,
that in the possession of Mr. Cuming here figured; one in
Mr. Gray’s collection; and one in the collection of Dr.
Jonas of Hamburgh, to whom my thanks are due for the
trouble he has taken in forwarding me drawings of it.
Although Iam unable to adopt that gentleman’s name for
this species, I feel equally indebted to him for his kind
services ; and I can only say that if all my continental
friends would be equally prompt in putting me in posses-
sion of their new unfigured species of shells by the same
means, it would avoid a great deal of confusion, and enable
me to do justice alike to all authors.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haztotis corrucata. Hal. testd ovatd, convead, spira-
liter crebriliratd, liris undique tumido-corrugatis, plicis
undatis interdum oblique decussatis, foraminibus per-
paucis, amplis, tubiferis, tribus tantum perviis ; extus
rubido-castaneo viridique, nigro marginato, pulcherrime
irridescente.
THE WRINKLED Hatiotis. Shell ovate, convex, spirally
closely ridged, ridges prominently raised throughout
in swollen wrinkles, sometimes obliquely crossed with
waved folds, perforations few in number, large, tubi-
ferous, three only open; exterior rayed with dark
green and reddish chesnut, edged with black, very
beautifully iridescent.
Gray, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pl. 8. f. 5.
Hab. California.
This fine large species, which is not uncommon in col-
lections, may be recognized by the conspicuous nodulous
wrinkles with which its entire surface is covered ; it is a
thick heavy shell, rather more convex than usual.
April, 1846.
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Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattotis Japonica. Hal. testé ovato-oblongd, subplanu-
lato-convexd, liris tenuibus equalibus spiraliter funicu-
laté, concentricé ruguso-plicatd, plicis conspicuis lamel-
laformibus irregularibus, foraminibus quinis senisve
perviis; luteo, olivaceo-fusco, viridique undique pul-
cherrimeé variegatia.
Tue Japan Hatiorts. Shell ovately oblong, rather
flatly convex, spirally corded with fine equal ridges,
concentrically rugosely plicated, plaits conspicuous,
lamella-like, irregular ; five to six holes open, beauti-
fully variegated with yellow, olive-brown and green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold.
This beautiful species from Japan might easily be mis-
taken for the following, from the coast of Gibraltar, the
shell being developed in stout concentric ridges in a nearly
similar manner ; the detail of sculpture will, however, be
found on examination, to differ materially. In the #.
Japonica the surface is engraved throughout with fine cords,
equidistant from each other, and extremely regular in their
arrangement ; in the H. /amellosa the ridges are very irre-
gular, though mostly alternately broad and narrow; and
the interstices are not so distinctly grooved. Coming
from such a different locality these variations may be re-
garded of ample specific importance.
Species 14. (Fig. 14 and 15, Mus. Cuming.)
Hatrotis Lamentosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, subpla-
nulato-convexd, spiraliter tenuilirata, liris obtusis, irre-
gularibus, foraminibus quinis senisve perviis; luteo,
olivaceo-fusco, viridique, vel aurantio-rubente, undique
pulcherrime variegata.
THE LAMELLATED Hattotts. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
flatly convex, spirally finely ridged, ridges obtuse,
irregular, with the alternate mostly the larger, con-
centrically obliquely plaited, plaits conspicuous la-
mel] like, irregular, five to six holes open; beauti-
fully variegated with yellow, olive brown and green,
or with orange red.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.29.
Hab. Gibraltar.
Having already described the specific peculiarities of
this shell in treating of the preceding species, it only re-
mains to notice that the oblique lamella-like folds are very
irregularly developed, the most constant character being
displayed in the style of the spiral grooving.
For Species 15, see PLatz IX.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotts Mipm. Hal. testé rotundato-ovatd, depresso-
pland, circa apicem minutissimée et creberrime spiraliter
sulcatd, oblique obsolete undatd, concentricée plicatd,
plicis peculiariter undulatis, et retrorsum crispatis, valde
irregularibus ; marginibus posticd sinistrdque latis,
plano-refleris ; foraminibus parvis numerosis confertis,
ad novenis perviis ; extus luteo-albicante, apice plicisque
sepissimé corallo-rubris, epidermide luteo-fuscd indutis,
intus ceruleo-viridi sanguineoque irridescente.
Mipas’s Haxtorts. Shell rotundately ovate, depressly
flattened, very minutely and closely spirally grooved
around the apex, obliquely obsoletely waved, concen-
trically plaited, plaits peculiarly waved and curled
backwards, very irregular, posterior and left margins
broad and flatly reflexed, holes small, very numerous,
close-set, about nine open; outside yellowish white,
apex and folds more or less tinged with coral red,
covered with a light yellowish-brown epidermis, in-
side irridescent with blueish green and faint blood
tinge.
Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 779.
Testa juvenis.
Haliotis Capensis, Dunker.
Hab, Cape of Good Hope.
In order to appreciate the characters of this beautiful
species, it should be examined in different stages of growth ;
in a very young state there is no indication of the wavy
curled plaits with which the shell is so remarkably charac-
terized in a maturer condition. The entire surface of the
primitive whorls is very minutely spirally grooved or ele-
vately striated ; the plaits begin to develope themselves
at the commencement of the last whorl, originating from
a point in its centre, and gradually spreading in light
lamella-like wrinkles like a concentric flow of ripples on
the bosom of a calm lake. In this state it is of an
oblong form, rather acuminated anteriorly, and constitutes
the H. Capensis of Dunker, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch.
Conch. Hal. Pl. 1. Fig. 4. As the shell advances in growth
the plaits become more thickened and irregular, and wind
round the spire in such a mamner as to form a flattened
reflexed rim. ‘The spire, generally more or less worn, has
a peculiar coppery red irridescence, and the plaits, though
covered naturally with a pale yellowish brown epidermis,
are coral-red beneath, and mostly exhibit their colour from
the effects of friction.
May, 1846.
-
©
aa)
aS
S . «
Hatsolis Ft. VT.
HALOS.
Prater VI.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
HaLiovis saNGuINEA. Hal. testé@ oblongo-ovatd, anticé
flexuoso-contracta et attenuata, parte spirali subelevati,
concentrice oblique corrugata et striata ; foraminibus
creberrimis, ad novenis perviis ; fusca (in etate juvent
albivariegata), spird intus sanguineo peculiariter tincté.
THE BLOop-sTaINED Haxiotis. Shell oblong-ovate,
anteriorly flexuously contracted and attenuated, spiral
portion of the shell rather elevated, concentrically
obliquely wrinkled and striated, holes very close
together, about nine open; brown (varigated with
white in a young state), spire peculiarly tinged within
with blood red.
Hantey, Young Conchologist’s Book of Species (1841),
p- 60. Frontispiece, f. 5.
Haliotis ficiformis, Menke.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
This species may be easily recognised by its obliquely
wrinkled and dark chocolate brown exterior, and by an
irridescent blood stain within the winding cavity of the
spire; the holes are very numerous and unusually close
together, and the anterior portion of the shell is peculiarly
flexuous and attenuated. It was originally described and
figured by Mr. Hanley, in a little work called ‘ The Young
Conchologist’s Book of Species’.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattrotis astnina. Hal. testé elongato-ovatd, subcurvatd,
postice flexuoso-acuminatd, spird terminali, oblique
wrregulariter striatd, parte postica liris subtilibus sub-
distantibus e apice radiantibus, deinde evanidis ; fora-
minibus parviusculis, numerosis, ad octonis perviis ;
olivaceo-viridi, maculis fuscis perpaucis subtrigonis,
flammis lutescentibus, lineisque fuscis numerosis brevibus
interruptis pulcherrimée variegatd, radiis viridibus et
rufo-flavis undatis prope apicem alternatim picta.
Tue ass’s Haxtoris. Shell elongately ovate, slightly
curved, posteriorly flexuously acuminated, spire ter-
minal, obliquely irregularly striated, posterior portion
of the shell with fine rather distant ridges radiating
from the apex, then fading away; holes rather small,
numerous, about eight open; olive green, beautifully
variegated with a few triangular brown spots, yel-
lowish flames and numerous short interrupted brown
lines, and painted with alternate green and reddish
yellow zigzag rays next the apex.
Linn us, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 780.
Hab. China; Belcher, Dr. Sibbald. Philippine Islands ;
Cuming.
This very prettily variegated species, the most elongated
of the genus, is remarkable for the extra-terminal convolu-
tion of the spire.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattotis Gicantea. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter costatd,
costis parvis crebris irregularibus obtusis, interdum
subobsoletis, oblique nodoso-undatis ; foraminibus am-
plis, peculiariter tubulosis, tribus quaternisve perviis ;
extus spadiceo-rubente, intus albicante pallide viridique
irridescente.
Tue Gigantic Hatroris. Shell ovate, spirally ribbed,
ribs small close irregular obtuse, sometimes some-
what obsolete, obliquely nodosely waved ; holes large,
peculiarly tubular, three to four open; exterior fawn
red, interior irridescent with white and pale green.
Curmnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 167. f. 1610, 1611.
Haliotis tubifera, Lamarck.
Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold.
The word gigantea is a much less appropriate term for
this species than ¢udifera, for there are four or five others
of larger size, but none in which the orifices are so pecu-
liarly tubular; the rule of priority nevertheless requires
that it should be adopted in preference. It was wrong of
Chemnitz to introduce this shell under the name of gigan-
tea, when he considered it to be identical with the H.
nevosa of Martyn; it happens, however, that these are
two distinct species, and both names, therefore, must be
maintained. The H. gigantea is a peculiar light fawn-
coloured red shell from Japan, well distinguished by the
tubular structure of the holes; the H. nevosa (for which
see Plates VIII. and IX., Fig. 27), is of a deep coral red,
sometimes green, variegated, from Van Dieman’s Land,
and of smaller size.
May, 1846.
Halvolts Fl. Ful.
HALOS:
Puate VII.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxiotis squamosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, trans-
versim oblique rugosa, spiraliter tuberculato-costatd,
tuberculis squameformibus, costis nunc confertis, nune
lird parva intercurrente ; foraminibus subamplis, sep-
tenis pervus ; extus aurantio-fusco luteoque maculatd
et variegatd, intus albicante, irridescente.
Tue scaLy Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely
obliquely wrinkled, spirally tubercularly ribbed, tuber-
cles scale-like, ribs sometimes close, sometimes with
a fine ridge running between them; perforations
rather large, seven open; exterior spotted and varie-
gated with yellow and orange-brown, interior whitish,
irridescent.
Gray, Appendix to King’s Voyage (Narrative of a Survey
of the Coast of Australia, 1827), vol. i. p. 495.
Haliotis Rodingii, Philippi.
Hab. Australia; King.
An extremely interesting species, well characterized by
its close ribs of scale-like tubercles, ranging across the
shell in oblique waves; in the middle portion of the shell
there is a fine ridge running between the ribs; the colour
is also peculiar, a kind of burnt-umber-stained orange.
Dr. Jonas of Hamburgh informs me that there is another
specimen in the collection of Dr. Roding of that city.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ha ioris ELEGANS. Hal. testd elongato-ovatda, subfleauosd,
converd, apice terminali ; spiraliter costatd, costis tenui-
bus, angustis, elevatis, lamellaformibus, per summitatem
subobsolete crebrisqguamatis, costarum interstitiis sub-
profunde sulcatis, striatis ; foraminibus parvis, remotis,
ad octonis perviis ; aurantio-lacted, aurantio-rufescente
strigata et variegata ; intus albicante, margaritaced.
THE ELEGANT Hatiotis. Shell elongately ovate, rather
flexuous, convex, apex terminal ; spirally ribbed, ribs
thin, narrow, elevated, lamella-like, somewhat obso-
letely closely scaled along the summit, interstices
between the ribs rather deeply grooved and striated,
holes small, distant, about eight open; orange cream
colour, streaked and variegated with orange red, in-
terior whitish, pearly.
Kocu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Hadiotzs, Pl. 1.
Fig. 1 and 2.
Hab. Port Adelaide, New Holland.
This is a truly elegant species and very distinct from
any hitherto known; its form is that of a gracefully
curved elongated oval, covered with erect close-set lamella-
like ribs, spirally radiating from the apex, the summits of
which are swollen and bent over with scales fitting closely
one upon the other. Its general tinge is that of an orange
cream colour.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxrotis coccinea. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter
lirata, liris ereberrimis inequalibus, interstitis trans-
versim minutissime striatis ; foraminibus confertiusculis,
quinis senisve perviis ; extus coccineo-rufa, lutescente-
albo maculatd et variegatd, intus argenteo-albicante.
THE scaRLET-cLtaD Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, spi-
rally ridged, ridges very close, unequal, interstices
transversely finely striated; holes rather close, five
or six open; exterior scarlet-red, spotted and varie-
gated with yellowish white, interior silvery white.
Renve. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846.
Hab. Cape de Verd Islands.
The ridges have a tendency to range alternately singly
and in pairs, but are very irregular.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiorts Cracneropit. Hal. testé ovata, conveat, spird
suboccultd ; levigata aut radiatim striata, foraminibus
parvis, senis ad octonis pervits, eatus ceruleo-nigricante,
intus albicante, margaritaced.
CracuErope’s Hatroris. Shell ovate, convex, spire
somewhat concealed; smooth or radiately striated,
holes small, about six to eight open; exterior blueish
black, interior whitish, pearly.
Leacu, Zoological Miscellany, 1814, vol. i. p. 131.
Haliotis glaber, Schubert and Wagner.
Hab. California.
It may perhaps be as well to mention that the fine
specimen of H. Cracherodii here figured from Mr. Cuming’s
collection, is of unusually large size; it is of a peculiar
bottle-blue black colour externally, and has never more
than eight of the perforations open.
May, 1846.
Halrotis Fl. FUL
HALIOTIS.,
Puate VIII.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattotis ziczac. Hal. testé ovatd, planulato-converd,
spiraliter subtilissimé sulcatd, foraminibus parviusculis,
senis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, luteo-viridescente oblique
flammeo-undatd, apice luteo-aurantio tincto, intus ar-
gented, irridescente.
THE z1GzaG Hattoris. Shell ovate, rather flatly convex,
spirally very finely grooved, perforations rather small,
six open; dark olive green, obliquely marked with
light yellowish green zigzag flames, apex tinged with
orange yellow, interior silvery, irridescent.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Calipan, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found on
smooth stones); Cuming.
The colour, form, and general aspect of this shell very
much resembles those of the H. glabra; it differs chiefly
in having the entire surface finely radiately grooved. The
zigzag design of the colouring is very characteristic.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotis ExcavaTa. Hal. testd subrotundd, convexissind,
spiré elevaté ; spiraliter subtiliter liratd, liris striis
radiantibus decussatis, rugis brevibus obliquis circa
spiram concentricé dispositis ; viridi-albicante, olivaceo-
fusco radiatim strigaté et variegatd, intus profunde
excavata, albicante, pulchré irridescente.
THE EXCAVATED Hauiorts. Shell nearly round, very
convex, spire elevated; spirally finely ridged, ridges
crossed with radiating striz, with short oblique wrin-
kles concentrically ranged round the spire; greenish
white, radiately streaked and variegated with olive
brown, interior deeply excavated, whitish, beautifully
iridescent.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. ix. p.25.
Hab. Kangaroo Island, Australia.
An interesting and well-known species, fully distin-
guished from any other hitherto recorded by its rounded
convex growth.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatrotis Cattrorniensis. Hal. testd ovaté, spird sub-
occulta, levigatd aut decussatim striatd, margine sinis-
tro latiusculo, concavo-plano ; foraminibus minutis, nu-
merosissimis, duodecenis perviis, extus ceruleo-nigri-
cante, intus albida, margaritaced.
THE Catirornian Hauioris. Shell ovate, spire rather
concealed, smooth or decussately striated, left mar-
gin rather broad, concavely flattened; holes very
small and numerous, twelve open; exterior blueish
black, interior whitish, pearly.
Swanson, Zool. Illustrations, vol.u. pl. 80.
Hab. California.
This species has been separated with excellent discrimi-
nation by Mr. Swainson from the H. Cracherodii, from
which it exhibits little intelligible difference beyond the
unusual number and smallness of the holes; in the speci-
men here figured there are as many as twelve open; Mr.
Swainson does not enumerate the perforations of the spe-
cimen he described, but in comparing it with the H.
Cracherodii he sufficiently explains that they are “ half as
large and doubly numerous.”
The distinction above noted between the H. Cracherodit
and Californiensis, appears to have escaped the critical
attention of M. Deshayes; the shell described by him,
first, as the H. glabra, after Schubert and Wagner, and
secondly, as the H. Californiensis, is the H. Cracherodit,
which, though commonly of similar dimensions, is often
much larger. The marked difference in the arrangement
and number of the perforations in these two Californian
species is certainly important; it is not a character of
the genus to present so great a variation in different indi-
viduals of the same species.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ha.totis N&yosa.—For description and further illustra-
tion of this extremely variable species see PLate IX.
May, 1846.
Halrotis FU, 1X.
vy Jel. at he Reeve, imp
LATO LS:
Prats IX.
Species 27. (Fig. a, Plate viii, and Fig. c, Mus. Cuming ;
Fig. 6, Mus. Metcalfe.)
Haniotrs N@vosa. Hal. testé ovatd, spiraliter liraté,
liris granoso-squamosis, sepé alternatim majoribus, ob-
liquée undato-rugosd, rugis plus minusve tumidis, fora-
minibus senis perviis; aut vividé rubra aut coccineo-
rubra, lutescente radiata, aut olivaceo-rufescente viridi
radiata.
THE kNoTTED Hattoris. Shell ovate, spirally ridged,
ridges granosely scaled, often alternately the larger,
obliquely undately wrinkled, wrinkles more or less
swollen, six holes open; deep red or scarlet red, ra-
diated with yellowish white, or light olive red radiated
with green.
Martyn, Universal Conch. vy. ii. f. 63.
Haliotis ruber, Leach.
Hab. New Holland, New Zealand, and Van Dieman’s
Land.
This is the most variable species I have met with, and
appears to have been greatly misunderstood by authors ;
Lamarck confounded it with the H. gigantea, his H. tudi-
fera; Philippi with the H. Cunninghamii, whilst Dr.
Leach described it in his ‘ Zoological Miscellany’ Pl. 23,
as a new species, under the name of H. ruber. The varia-
tions chiefly consist in the spiral ridges being more or less
prominently developed, and in the obliquely waved wrinkles
being more or less swollen; in colour the species varies
from an uniform deep coral red to a reddish olive, radiated
with pale green, as represented in Fig. 27 of the preceding
and accompanying plates.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haiotrs MULTIPERFORATA. Hal. testdé oblongo-ovati,
subfleauosd, anfractuum parte spirali subelevatd ; spi-
raliter lineari-sulcatd, sulcis subundatis irregularibus ;
foraminibus parviusculis numerosis, decenis perviis, ex-
tus nigricante-fusco viridique variegatd, intus albicante.
THE MANY-PERFORATED Haxioris. Shell oblong-oyate,
rather flexuous, spiral portion of the whorls somewhat
elevated; spirally linearly grooved, grooves a little
waved, irregular; holes rather small, numerous, ten
open; exterior dark-brown, variegated with green,
interior whitish.
Hab. E
This darkly variegated species, the surface of which is
smooth, engraved with fine waved spiral lines, has some-
what the form of the H. sanguinea; the spiral portion of
the shell being more than usually raised. The holes are
numerous and close set.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatroris ovina. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, convexo-
depressd, spird plano-depressd, anfractibus rugis tumi-
dis plicato-radiatis, foraminibus tubiferis, quinis senisve
perviis ; rubro aut viridi pulcherrimé marmorata, intus
argented.
Tue sHEEP Hanioris. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate,
convexly depressed, spire flatly depressed, whorls
plicately rayed with swollen wrinkles; holes tubife-
rous, five or six open; exterior very beautifully mar-
bled with orange-red or green, interior silvery.
CuEMNITZ, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 315. pl. 166. f. 1609.
Hab. New Holland and the Philippine Islands.
An extremely characteristic species, an orange-red mar-
bled example of which is very correctly represented by
Chemnitz; neither Lamarck nor Deshayes appear to have
been acquainted with it.
June, 1846.
Halvoles LUX.
ol Reev ©, 04]
Sowerby, del et. hth
Ley EOE.
Puate X.
Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)
Hatiotis Emma. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, tenui-
culd, convexd, spiraliter subtilissimé granoso-liratd,
medio leviter obtuso-carinatd, circa spiram radiatim
plicata, spird conspicud subcentrali ; foraminibus tubi-
feris, senis perviis; vivide rubra, zonis albis undatis
oblique radiata.
Emma’s Haurorrs. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate,
rather thin, convex, spirally very finely granosely
ridged, slightly obtusely keeled in the middle, radiately
plicated around the spire, spire conspicuous, subcen-
tral ; perforations tubiferous, six open; bright red,
obliquely rayed with white waved zones.
Gray, MSS. British Museum.
Hab. New Holland.
A very striking, brightly coloured species, allied in
structure to the H. rubicundus, and belonging to the genus
Padollus of De Montford,
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotis ALBICANS. Hal. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, con-
vead, levigatd aut spiraliter obsolete liratd ; foramini-
bus parvis, numerosis, decenis perviis ; extus luteo-coc-
cined, flammulis albidis radiata intus argented.
THE wuHitIsH Hatioris. Shell somewhat orbicularly
ovate, convex, smooth or spirally obsoletely ridged ;
perforations small, numerous, ten open; exterior yel-
lowish scarlet, rayed with whitish flames, interior
silvery white.
Quoy and Garmarp, Voyage de lAstrolabe, vol. ii.
p. 311. pl. 68. f. 1, 2.
Hab. New Zealand.
No one can fail to distinguish this species by its delicate
rayed style of colouring; the perforations are more than
usually small, and the silvery interior is characterized by a
kind of minute wavy pattern.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauroris piscus. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, elevato-con-
vert, hic illic tumidé et rugosd, latere sinistro lato,
peculiariter erecto ; foraminibus amplis, subdistantibus,
tubiferis, quaternis tantum perviis ; castaneo-fuscd,
viridi aut rufescente radiatim tincta.
Tue quorr Hattorts. Shell oblong ovate, elevately con-
vex, here and there swollen and wrinked, left side
broad, peculiarly erect; perforations large, rather
distant, tubiferous, four only open; chesnut brown,
faintly radiated with red or green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold.
Chiefly distinguished from any species hitherto recorded
by its oblong form, and erect growth of the perforated
side of the shell.
June, 1846.
Haliolis Fl.
Reeve, 1mq
Sowerby, del et. hth
HALIOTIS.
PratEe XI.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauroris Steponpir. Hal. testé suboblique ovata, sub-
pectinatd, valde convexd, apice terminali, vix spirali ;
radiatim liratd, liris obtusis, subdistantibus ; forami-
mibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; extus aurantio-rubrd,
intus albicante, irridescente.
SrepoLp’s Haxrorrs. Shell somewhat obliquely ovate,
a little pectinated, very convex, apex terminal, scarcely
spiral ; radiately ridged, ridges obtuse, rather distant ;
holes rather large, five open; exterior orange-red,
interior white, irridescent.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold.
This very remarkable species, which is at present unique
in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq., has very much
the form of a Concholepas or the left valve of a Cardium ;
its resemblance to the latter is, however, probably the more
striking. It is of a hollow ventricose growth, the apex
with scarcely any spiral, terminating on the margin, like
the umbone of a Cockle.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxtoris Bistriata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovaté, subpla-
nulatd, spiraliter liratd, liris valde irregularibus nunc
latis, nunc angustis, interstitiis incisis ; latere sinistro
latiusculd, foraminibus senis perviis ; rubido-fusco viri-
dique variegatd, maculis albidis irregularibus interdum
aspersa.
THE DOUBLE-STRIATED Haxrotis. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather flattened spirally ridged, ridges very irregular,
sometimes broad, sometimes narrow, interstices en-
graved ; left side rather broad, six holes open; varie-
gated with green and reddish brown, sometimes
sprinkled with irregular white spots.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3691.
Hab. Mozambique.
This species may be recognised by the very irregular
width of the ridges and sharply engraved interstices ; it
is sometimes very prettily variegated with red and green,
but a dark reddish brown sprinkled with whitish spots is
the predominating colour.
Species 34. (Mus. Saul.)
HALIOoTIS TUBERCULATA. Hal. testé ovaté, convexo-de-
pressd, spiraliter inciso-striatd, radiatim tuberculato-
plicatd, plicis inequalibus, plus minusve tumidis ;
rubido-fuscd, viridi aut rufescente variegati.
THE TUBERCULATED Hatioris. Shell ovate, convexly
depressed, spirally deeply striated, radiately tubercu-
larly plicated, plaits unequal, more or less swollen ;
reddish brown, variegated with red and green.
Linnaus. Syst. Nat. 10th. edit. p. 780.
Hab. Guernsey &e.
Extremely variable in its colouring, which is sometimes
a dull mixture of red and green, at other times a reddish
brown ornamented with light green zigzag waves, as in the
specimen selected for illustration.
June, 1846,
Hatiolis FULL.
38
Sowerby, del, et. ith
Reeve, ump:
HALIOTIS.
Puate XII.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxroris sauamata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, converd,
spiraliter liratd, liris creberrimis, squamatis, alternis
majoribus ; foraminibus octonis perviis ; fuscd et rubro-
fusca, flammulis lutescentibus undatis ornatis, intus
vivide irridescente.
THE squaMate Hattotts. Shell oblong-ovate, convex,
spirally ridged, ridges very close-set, squamate, the
alternate the larger ; eight perforations open; brown
and reddish brown, ornamented with yellowish waved
flames.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. North West Coast of Australia; Dring, H.M.S.
Beagle.
The form of this shell is rather more than usually con-
vex, and the surface is closely set throughout with fine
ridges of scales, the colouring being a rich red-brown
ornamented with waved yellowish flames.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALIOTIs ViRGINEA. Hal. testé@ ovatd, depressd, spiraliter
tenue sulcatd, Uiris intermediis se@pissimé duplicatis ;
Soraminibus senis perviis; fusca, rubro viridique plus
minusce tinctd, maculis grandibus albis irregulariter
notata.
THE virern Haxroris. Shell ovate, depressed, spirally
grooved, intermediate ridges very often duplicate ; six
perforations open; brown, more or less stained with
red and green, irregularly marked with large white
blotches.
Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 314. pl. 166. f. 1607,
and 1608.
Distinguished among other characters by the irregular
scattered white blotches.
Species 37. (Mus. Saul.)
Haxiotis rrts. Hal. testd ovato-oblongd, convewd, postice
attenuata, spira terminali, peculiariter decussatim cor-
rugata et plicatd, latere sinistro lato, erecto ; forami-
nibus quinis perviis; extus luteo viridique variegata,
intus ceruleo viridique vivide irridescente.
THE RAINBOW Hattorrs. Shell ovately oblong, convex,
attenuated posteriorly, spire terminal, peculiarly de-
cussately plicated and wrinkled, left side broad, erect ;
five perforations open; exterior variegated with green
and yellow, interior blue and green, brightly irrides-
cent.
GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3691.
Hab. Kangaroo Island, Australia.
This well-known species may be recognised by its ob-
long hollow form, and flat inflexion of the margin in the
vicinity of its terminal spire; the indented surface of the
shell is also peculiar.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxiorrs runpsris. Hal. testd ovatd, subdepresso-con-
veut, spiraliter lirata, liris subsquamatis, hic illie majo-
ribus, transversim peculiariter rugoso-plicata ; forami-
nibus octonis aut novenis perviis ; rubido-castaned, inter-
dum viridi tinctd, flammis perpaucis indistinctis circa
spiram.
THE MOURNING Hatiorts. Shell ovate, somewhat depressly
convex, spirally ridged, ridges slightly squamate, here
and there larger, transversely peculiarly rugosely pli-
cated ; perforations eight or nine open; reddish ches-
nut sometimes tinged with green, with a few indis-
tinct light flames around the spire.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846.
Hab. New Holland.
This is a larger and flatter species than the H. sgwamata,
and the ridges are more widely separated and less squamate.
Species 39. (Mus. Hudson.)
Hatioris piversicotor. Hal. testd ovatd, subplanulatd,
spiraliter liratd, liris obtusis irregularibus, transversim
leviter plicata ; foraminibus octonis vel novenis perviis ;
castaneo-fusco coccineo-rufo viridique radiata, maculis
undatis lutescentibus variegata.
THE DIVERS-coLOURED HattorTis. Shell ovate, rather
flattened, spirally ridged, ridges obtuse, irregular,
transversely slightly plicated; perforations eight or
nine open, rayed with chesnut brown, scarlet-red and
green, and more or less variegated with zigzag yel-
lowish blotches.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. New Holland.
This species may be distinguished amongst other cha-
racters by the brightness and variety of its colours.
June, 1846.
Halrotis
mpesets)
HADTOTIES.
Prate XIII.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatroris viripis. Hal. testé ovatd, depresso-convevd,
oblique undato-rugatd, spiraliter liratd, lirarum inter-
stitiis subtilissimeé striatis ; foraminibus quinis perviis ;
extus albicante, viridi pulcherrime tinctd et marmoratd,
intus argented.
THE GREEN Haxioris. Shell ovate, depressly convex,
obliquely undately wrinkled, spirally ridged, inter-
stices between the ridges very finely striated; five
perforations open; exterior whitish, beautifully
_ stained and marbled with green, interior silvery.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
‘ab. ?
_ Very closely allied to the ZZ. varia, from which it differs
only in the depression of the spire, and a slight though
characteristic variation in the sculpture.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALIOTIS ASTRICTA.
liratd, liris laminis striisque elevatis irregularibus ra-
diatim decussatis ; foraminibus quaternis perviis ; extus
albido olivaceo-viridique marmoratd, intus irridescente.
THE TIED Haxiorts. Shell ovate, convex, spirally ridged,
radiately crossed with irregular raised strie and
lamine ; four perforation open; exterior marbled
with white and olive green, interior irridescent.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. B
Hal. testé ovata, convexd, spiraliter
Distinguished by the strong decussating sculpture of
the cross ridges.
Species 42. (Mus. Hanley.)
Hauiotis espa. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, peculiariter
convexd aut gibba, spiraliter liratd, liris irregularibus,
crebriusculis ; spird subterminali ; foraminibus quinis
perviis ; extus fusco- et ceruleo-viridi, strigis albidis,
rufo-punctatis, undatis, interdum ornatd, intus pecu-
hariter irridescente.
Tuer ctppous Hariorrs. Shell oblong-ovate, peculiarly
convex or gibbous, spirally ridged, ridges irregular,
rather close-set, spire nearly terminal; five perfora-
tions open; exterior brownish or blueish green,
July,
sometimes ornamented with white, red-dotted, waved
streaks, interior peculiarly irridescent.
Puitrept, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Hatliotis, Pl. ix. f. 2,
a and 6.
>
Hab.
The inner surface of this very characteristic species is
disposed in minute wrinkles, from which the refraction of
light throws off a peculiar degree of irridescence.
Species 43. (Mus Taylor).
Hatiotrs TaAyLortana. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, soli-
diusculd, convexd, spird subterminali ; spiraliter obtuse
et irregulariter liratd ; foraminibus septenis ad novenis
pervis ; extus coccineo-fuscd, flavido, coccineo-fusco,
maculato, prope spiram nebulatd, intus albicante.
TaYLoR,s HaLtotis. Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid,
convex, spire nearly terminal; spirally obtusely and
irregularly ridged; seven to nine perforations open ;
exterior scarlet-brown, clouded near the spire with
yellow spotted with scarlet-brown, interior white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Fab. ?
I have the pleasure of describing this comparatively rare
species from specimens in the collection of Thos. Lombe
Taylor, Esq. It is of a dull scarlet-brown, the posterior
portion of the shell being clouded with pale yellow, pecu-
liarly mottled with dashes of the darker colour.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxiotrs Marmorata. fal. testa depresso-ovatd, dex-
trorsum postice effusd, spird subterminali ; spiraliter
planicostatd, suleis intermediis subexcavatis ; forami-
nibus senis vel septenis perviis, extus viridi, rufo marmo-
rata, intus albicante.
THE MARBLED HALIOTIS. Shell depressly ovate, effused
posteriorly on the right side, spire nearly terminal,
spirally flatly ribbed, intermediate ridges rather exca-
vated; six or seven perforations open; dark green,
marbled with red, interior whitish.
Gray, MSS. (private cabinet).
There is a peculiarity in the growth of this shell, in the
right posterior extremity heing so prominently effused
round the spire.
1846.
HALIOTIS.—Ptate XIII.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxtoris rupietnosa. Hal. testé ovata, subdepresso-
convexi, radiatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter liratd, liris
obtuse squamatis, foraminibus subapproximatis, senis
perviis ; eatus rubiginoso-aurantid, spiraliter albistri-
gata, intus argented.
Tue rusty Hattorts. Shell ovate, rather convex, radi-
tely plicated wrinkled, spirally ridged, ridges obtusely
sealed ; perforations rather approximated, six open ;
exterior rusty orange, spirally streaked with white.
Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846.
Hab. ?
Besides the peculiarity of sculpture, it is very fairly
characterized by its rusty orange painting and silvery
interior.
Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotis coccorapiata. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovaté,
plano-convexa, medio leviter depressd, spiraliter subtili-
ter lirata, liris striis minutis elevatis decussatis ; fora-
minibus senis perviis ; flavidd, strigis latis vivide coc-
cineis radiatim pictda.
THE SCARLET-RAYED HALIOTIS. Shell somewhat orbi-
cularly ovate, flatly convex, slightly depressed in the
middle, spirally finely ridged, ridges crossed with
minute raised strize ; yellowish, radiately painted with
broad, bright scarlet streaks.
Rexkve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. 2
No one can fail to recognize this delicate and very strik-
ing scarlet-rayed species. The ridges are minutely beaded,
as it were, with transverse strie, and the surface of the
shell is peculiarly indented.
Hatiotis. Ft.XIP
Fn yh \
wim Fd 3
gy hss
Os
PALE FORTS:
Piate XIV.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hattotis speciosa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, plano-
converd, medio depressd, spiraliter elevato-stiatd, striis
confertis ; foraminibus senis perviis; coccineo-rufa,
albo, nigricante marginatd, pulcherrimé variegatd.
THE HANDSOME Haxroris. Shell oblong-ovate, flatly
convex, depressed in the middle, spirally elevately
striated, striz close-set; six perforations open ;
scarlet-red, beautifully variegated with black-edged
white.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
This is a very gay species, the colour being a rich
scarlet red, variegated with broad zigzag flames, edged
along the front with black.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALIOTIS RETICULATA.
subattenuaté, plano-convexrd, medio depressd, latere
sinistro latiusculo, erecto, spiraliter vix striatd ; fora-
minibus quaternis perviis ; sordide fusca, maculis albidis
reticulatis, subtriangularibus, ornatd.
THB RETICULATED Haxrorts.
Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, anticé
Shell oblong-ovate, some-
what attenuated, flatly convex, depressed in the mid-
dle, left side rather broad, erect, spirally slightly
striated; four perforations open; dull dark brown,
ornamented with somewhat triangular reticulated
white spots.
RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
May be recognized by the triangular reticulated style of
the painting.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxiotis Neputata. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, convex,
spird subelevatd, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis parvis, un-
datis ; foraminibus subapproximatis, septenis perviis ;
fusco roseoque undique nebulata.
Tue cLoupep Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate, convex,
spire rather elevated, spirally grooved, grooves small,
waved ; perforations rather approximated, seven open ;
clouded throughout with brown and red.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
Very distinct, both in form and in its style of painting.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatioris seprcutata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter pecu-
liariter liraté, liris angustis, erectis, valde wrregula-
ribus, radiatim undato-plicatd ; foraminibus amplis,
senis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, hie illic albipunctatéa.
Tue nepGEp Haxiorrs, Shell ovate, spirally peculiarly
ridged, ridges narrow, erect, very irregular, radiately
undately plicated ; perforations large, six open; dark
olive green, here and there dotted with white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
A fine species, well-characterized by the erect develop-
ment of the ridges.
Species 51. (Fig. a, Mus. Hanley, 4, Mus. Cuming, c,
Mus. Metcalfe.)
Matroris semrstriata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter sub-
tiliter liratd, radiatim undato-plicatd et plus minusve
tuberculosd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quinis pervies ;
Susca aut coccineo-rufa, albimaculaté.
THE HALF-stRIaTED Hatxrotts. Shell ovate, spirally
finely ridged, radiately undately plicated, and more or
less tuberculated ; perforations a little tubiferous,
five open; brown or scarlet red, spotted or streaked
with white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald.
A well-marked species, though extremely variable in its
colouring and sculpture, some specimens being covered with
swoollen tubercles, whilst others are comparatively smooth ;
as a general rule it may be observed that the spiral half
of the shell is the more distinctly striated or finely ridged.
Care should be taken not to confound this species with the
Haliotis varia, to which it has some slight resemblance,
though differing in colour.
July, 1846.
eae)
&
7
Haltotas. FUXV.
imp
werby, del et hth
EAE OLS.
Pirate XV.
Species 52. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Hattotis pustunata. Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter
obscuré liratd et tuberculis parvis pustulatd, radiatim
plicaté ; foraminibus senis perviis; albida viridique |
pulcherrimé marmoraté.
THE pusTULATED Hattoris. Shell oblong-ovate, spi-
rally obscurely ridged, and pustulated with small
tubercles, radiately plicated, six perforations open ;
beautifully marbled with green and white.
ReEeEve8, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
A prettily variegated species, distinguished by its ob-
secure tubular sculpture.
Species 53. (Fig. a, Mus. Metcalfe, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.)
Hattotis parva. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd, spiraliter
crebristriatd, medio subdepressd, costd unicd conspicud
rotundata notatd ; foraminibus tubiferis, senis perviis ;
vivide coccineo-rufa.
THE sMALL Hatioris. Shell orbicularly ovate, spirally
closely striated, a little depressed in the middle, and
marked with a single conspicuous rounded rib ; per-
forations tubiferous, six open, bright scarlet red.
Variety 8. (Fig. 53, 4.)
Testa viridescente-albidd, purpureo-rufo pulcherrime varie-
gata et strigatd.
Shell beautifully variegated and streaked with greenish
white and purple-red.
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256.
Haliotis canaliculata, Lamarck.
9
Hab.
The varieties of this species above noted are so very
distinct and characteristic, that I was strongly tempted, at
one time, to regard them of specific importance ; the dis-
tinction is not, however, supported by the slightest varia-
tion in form or sculpture. Another circumstance in testi-
mony of their specific relation, is, that both varieties are
frequently more or less covered with a peculiar kind of
deposit, probably coralline, which I have not observed on
any other species.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotis aquatinis. Hal. testa oblongo-ovald, plano-
convexd, medio depressd, levigatd, prope marginem pe-
culiariter plicatd ; foraminibus senis perviis ; pallide
viridi, albido aut flavicante undato-variegatd, intus
albicante.
RIPPLED Hauiotis. Shell oblong-ovate, flatly con-
vex, depressed in the middle, smooth, peculiarly pli-
cated near the margin; six perforations open ; light
green, undately variegated with yellowish white, in-
terior whitish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Kurile Islands, south of Kamtschatka.
THE
There is a marked peculiarity in the form and colouring
of this species, independently of the rippled plications near
the margin.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatriotis Janus. Hal. testdé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter
lirata, liris subtilibus angustis, interstitiis excavatis ;
foraminibus senis perviis ; luteo-aurantid, fascid latd
albidd, fusco grandimaculatd, prope foramines ornata.
THE TWo-FAceD Haxroris. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally
ridged, ridges fine, narrow, interstices excavated, six
perforations open ; yellowish orange, ornamented next
the perforations with a broad white band, coloured
with large broad spots.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
| Hab. 2
The curious double style of painting which this shell
exhibits is peculiar to the species, and not, as one might be
led to imagine, a mere casual variety.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxroris crventa. Sal. testd ovatd, antice subattenuatd,
spird elevatiusculd, spiraliter peculiariter undato- et
corrugato-striata ; foraminibus subapproximatis, octonis
pervis :; sanguineo albipunctato et albido sanguineo-
punctato pulcherrimeé variegata.
THE BLOOD-SMEARED Hattorrs. Shell ovate, a little
attenuated anteriorly, spire rather elevated, spirally
peculiarly striated in a waved and wrinkled manner ;
perforations somewhat approximated, eight open ;
beautifully variegated with white-dotted scarlet and
scarlet-dotted white.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
July, 1846.
HALIOTIS.—Puate XV.
Hab. New Zealand.
A very pretty species, perfectly distinguished from any
other in form, sculpture, and colouring.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotis 1notsa. Hal. testéd ovatdé, medio subdepressé,
spiraliter incisa, subtuberculiferd ; foraminibus amplis,
quaternis perviis; albida et purpureo-viridi marmorata,
albido minutissimeé rufo-punctato.
THE ENGRAVED Hatioris. Shell ovate, a little depressed
in the middle, spirally engraved, slightly tuberculi-
ferous ; perforations large, four open; marbled with
white and purple-green, the white very minutely
dotted with red.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hak. ?
Almost the entire surface of this shell is minutely
speckled with red, over the green and white marbling.
Hatstotis, LAX
a > 2
Ea VOMES:
Puate XVI.
Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.)
HALIoris STRIATA.
depressa, spird subprominuld ; spiraliter crebristriatd,
radiatim leviter rugosd ; foraminibus senis perviis ;
rufo,
Hal. testa oblongo-ovatd, convexo-
intus striata, irridescente, extus ferrugineo,
alboque marmoratd.
THE sTRIATED Hattoris. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly
depressed, spire rather prominent; spirally closely
striated, radiately lightly wrinkled ; six perforations
open; interior striated, irridescent, exterior marbled
with rusty brown, red, and white.
Linn vs, Syst. nat. (12th edit.) p. 1256.
Hab. ?
T refer this shell to the H. striata of Linnzus, as being
the nearest to accord with his description; it is quite im-
possible to identify the species with any degree of certainty.
Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hawiotis ruGosA. Hal. testd ovatd, convex, medio leviter
depressé, radiatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter Urata,
liris obtusis, hic wlic majoribus ; foraminibus subamplis,
quaternis pervits ; extus olivaceo-fusco viridique mar-
morata.
Tue RoucH Hatioris. Shell ovate, convex, slightly de-
pressed in the middle, radiately plicately wrinkled,
spirally ridged, ridges obtuse, here and there larger ;
perforations rather large, four open ; exterior marbled
with olive-brown and green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
The ridges of this species are somewhat irregular near
the apex, but in the middle they are arranged alternately
one broad and three narrow.
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotis rosacea. Hal. testé ovaté, convexo-depressd,
spiraliter crebriliratd, liris striis exsculptis undique de-
cussatis ; foraminibus peculiariter oblongo-ovatis, qua-
ternis perviis ; extus corallo-rubro et roseo-albicante
marmoratd, rubro viridi punctato.
THE RosE-TINTED Haxroris. Shell ovate, convexly de-
pressed, spirally closely ridged, decussated throughout
with engraved stri; perforations peculiarly oblong
ovate, four open; exterior marbled with deep coral
red punctured with green.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
It is impossible to give any other than a very faint con-
ception of this beautiful shell in a figure, the entire surface
has a most delicate beaded appearance, and the colouring
is extremely rich; there is also a marked peculiarity in
the oblong shape of the perforations which very nearly
approximate.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatiotis pertusa. Hal. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter
postice subtilissimé sulcatd, sulcis pertusis, anticé exiliter
liratd, sulcis lirisque subirregularibus et undatis ; Sora-
minibus senis perviis; extus rufo-fuscd, strigis per-
paucis lutescentibus undatis prope spiram, intus vivid?
arridescente.
Tue prickEeD Hatroris. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally
posteriorly very finely grooved, grooves pricked, an-
teriorly faintly ridged, grooves and ridges rather
irregular and waved ; six perforations open; exterior
ruddy brown, with a very few yellowish zigzag streaks
near the spire, interior brightly irridescent.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
One half of the shell, next the spire, is sculptured with
faint pricked grooves, the other with fine waved ridges.
Species 62. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
HALIOTIS PLANILIRATA. Hal. testd ovata, plano-converd,
spiraliter liratd, liris planulatis, irregularibus ; fora-
minibus quinis perviis ; olivaceo- et ceruleo-viridi.
THE FLAT-RIDGED Hattoris. Shell ovate, flatly convex,
spirally ridged, ridges flattened, irregular ; five holes
open; olive and blueish green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
May be recognised by its dark blue-green flattened
growth.
Species 63. (Mus. Hanley.)
HaLioris scuruLuM. Hal. testd convexd, spird depressé
July, 1846.
HALIOTIS.—Purate XVI.
suboccultd, spiraliter exiliter liratd, liris planulatis,
undulatis, his iltie majoribus ; foraminibus senis per-
viis; olivaceo-fuscd, viridi pulcherrime articulatd,
punctata, et maculata.
THe sHtELD Hawroris. Shell convex, spire depressed,
rather concealed, spirally faintly ridged, ridges flat-
tened, waved, here and there larger; six holes open ;
olive-brown, very beautifully articulated, dotted and
spotted with green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. 2
The ridges of this species have a peculiar undulating
character, and towards the middle of the shell are arranged
one broad and three narrow alternately.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haiotis ZEALANDICA.
pressa, spiraliter irregulariter sulcatd. liris intermediis
Hal. testé oblongo-ovatda, subde-
obtusis, nunc latis, nune angustis, foraminibus senis
perviis ; rufo-castaneo et albicante peculiariter mar-
moratit.
Tur New Zeavanp Hatioris. Shell oblong, rather
depressed, spirally irregularly grooved, intermediate
ridges obtuse, now broad, now narrow; six holes
open; exterior peculiarly marbled with reddish ches-
nut and red-tinged white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. New Zealand.
Distinguished by the curious irregularity of the grooves,
and its style of painting.
Halrotes PL XIa
HALIOTIS.
PuatE XVII.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotis Drineu. Hal. testd orbiculari-ovatd, spiraliter
striata, radiatim plicatd et tuberculosd ; foraminibus
subtubiferis, quaternis perviis ; eatus pallide virides-
cente-luted, medio conspicue coccineo-tinctd, intus ar-
gented.
Drine’s Hatrotis. Shell orbicularly ovate, spirally stri-
ated, radiately plicated and tuberculated ; perforations
a little tubiferous, four open; exterior pale greenish
yellow, conspicuously stained in the middle with
scarlet, interior silvery.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. North coast of Australia; Dring.
I dedicate this interesting little species to Mr. Dring, of
H. M.S. Beagle, in remembrance of the many beautiful
new species of shells for which we are indebted to him,
from the comparatively unexplored region above noted.
Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.)
Haxrotis concinNA. al. testé suboblongo-ovatd, spira-
liter striata, medio leviter tuberculatd, obliqué subob-
scure plicatd ; foraminibus quaternis pervis ; carneo-
albicante, coccineo-roseo profuse variegatd.
Tue Neat Hattorts. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate,
spirally striated, slightly tuberculated in the middle,
obliquely rather obscurely plicated ; four perforations
open; fleshy white, profusely variegated with scarlet-
rose
Retve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Zamboanga, Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming.
Another gaily-coloured species of similar style of paint-
ing, but of a totally different form.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
(Magnified double.)
Hauiotis GEMMA. al. testa suborbiculari-ovatd, plano-
converd, latere sinistro latiusculo ; spiraliter tubercu-
latd, radiatim pulcherrime minute plicato-squamatda ;
foraminibus subtubiferis, quaternis quinisve perviis ;
flavescente, coccineo viridique tincta.
Tue Gem Hartorts. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate,
flatly convex, left side rather broad ; spirally tuber-
culated, radiately very beautifully minutely plicately
sealed; perforations a little tubiferous, four or five
open; yellowish, stained with scarlet and green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
The surface of this beautiful little species, besides being
tuberculated, is covered with minute scales, which present
a rather more prominent character on the left side beneath
the perforations.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotis Lvauta. Hal. testd ovatd, antice attenuata,
undato-tumidd, spiraliter liratd, liris subtilibus, con-
Jertis, striis minutis decussatis ; foraminibus subamplis,
quinis perviis ; rubido et flavescente-albidd irregulariter
marmorata.
Tue sHowy Haxrorts Shell ovate, anteriorly attenuated,
undately swollen, spirally ridged, ridges very fine,
close-set, decussated with minute striz ; perforations
rather large, five open; irregularly marbled with red
and yellowish-white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Swan River Settlement, New Holland; Lieut. Preston.
In form, and in the character of the perforations, this
species bears some resemblance to the H. sanguinea, though
its relation is very remote in other respects.
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hatrotis parutata. Hal. testd suborbiculari-ovata, spi-
raliter obtuso-liraté, liris subdistantibus, conspicue
tuberculatis ; foraminibus subtubiferis, quaternis per-
vis ; corallo-rubidd, flavescente varia.
THe prmpLep Haxrorrs. Shell somewhat orbicularly
ovate, spirally obtusely ridged, ridges rather distant,
conspicuously tuberculated ; perforations a little tubi-
ferous, four open; dark coral-red, variegated here
and there with patches of yellow.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. North coast of Australia; Dring.
The pimpled sculpture of this shell is of a much more
prominent character than that of the first three species of
the plate.
July, 1846.
HALIOTIS.—Puare XVII.
Fig. 70.
The shell here figured from the cabinet of Mr. Gray,
proves, on further examination, to be the young of H. san-
guinea.
Species 70. (Fig. 71, Mus. Cuming.)
Haxroris ANcILE. Hal. testd ovatd, regulariter convexd,
spiraliter exiliter noduloso-striatd, nodulis interdum
subobscuris, interruptis ; foraminibus numerosis, parvis,
octonis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, nodulis et circa spiram
CUPYO-TOSELS.
Tue Marrran BUcKLER HaLioris.
formly convex, spirally faintly nodulously striated,
nodules sometimes nearly obscure, interrupted ;_per-
forations numerous, small, eight open; olive-green,
nodules and around the spire coppery rose-red.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
Shell ovate, uni-
An uniform convex shell striated with faint, interrupted,
irregular, nodulous striz of a coppery rose hue, with the
perforations very small and numerous.
Species 71. (Fig. 72 Mus. Cuming.)
Haziotis cuatHrata. Hal. testd semicirculari-ovatd,
spiraliter crebriliratd, interstitiis striis subtilissime
clathratis, radiatin plicaté ; foraminibus subamplis,
quinis perviis ; viridi et viride rufo variegata.
Tue Larricep Hatrorrs. Shell semicircularly ovate,
spirally closely ridged, interstices very finely latticed
with stria, radiately plicated; perforations rather
large, five open; variegated with green and bright
red.
ReEEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming.
An interesting little species finely latticed between the
ridges, and strongly plicated immediately around the spire.
Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hauiotis Jacnensis. Hal. testd oblongo-ovata, spiraliter
peculiariter rude liratd, liris valde irregularibus, sub-
squamosis, prope foramines sublevigatd ; foraminibus
subtubiferis, distantibus ; rufescente-aurantid, intus
argented.
Tun Jacna Hantorts. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally pecu-
liarly rudely ridged, ridges very irregular and rather
sealy, somewhat smooth next the perforations, which
are slightly tubiferous and distant; reddish-orange,
interior silvery.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Jacna, Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming.
A very characteristic species, to which there is little or
no approximation in any other.
Species 73. (Fig. 74, Mus. Cuming.)
Haniorrs Sromarrerormis. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd,
valde convexd, spiraliter striatd, radiatim subtiliter
plicatd, spird subterminali, elevatd ; foraminibus quinis
perviis ; olivaceo viridique marmoratd.
Tue Sromatra-sHapeD Hatioris. Shell oblong-ovate,
very convex, spirally striated, radiately finely plicated ,
spire nearly terminal, elevated; five perforations
open; marbled with olive and green.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. New Zealand.
Well distinguished by its conspicuously convex oblong
form, resembling in great measure that of some of the
Stomatie
HALIOTIS.
[Temporary Index.)
albicans; Quoyisee= -ii-- 1-0. Xe 30 Midee, Linneus ............ Vv.
ANGI, JUFO bck ceecodsebuenne 2 NAOE 70 multiperforata, Reeve........ IX.
DURING // Deeeeancobesnue XV. 54 MEMOS UG Dcagocooonvcoucon IDG
Ronnie) JUMaS soasenecopspec NAL 18 nebulata, Reeve ............ XIV.
aStrictas eevee sanaeas aes |) SUITE 4] ovina, Chemnitz ............ ID
australis, Lamarck ........ ETE ii EPMENEY SEA cogcancbosoancos AWAUl
bistriata, Gmelin .......... xe Biot eae, Jae pooseacmsonoosos We
Californiensis, Swainson ......... VIII. 26 EMME JED, © ca cecaeueooe XVI.
canaliculata, Lamarck ...... XGVE 53 lant inated ener XVI.
canaliculata, Schubert ..... . Te 5 pulcherrima, Martyn ........ 1
Conensis Dun kervets te iter aN 16 pustulata, Reeve XV.
Clathrata, Reeve ........... XVII. 71 reticulata Reeve ........... XIV.
COON, Ch oaacacapctcceaocenen NAUL 22 ocdingiis Menke, ears iclersieieiis Le
coccoradiata, 7d. ..5.-..--.-..-. MUD 46 RGGI Graymeear ce hens sci lsrs.ck: pear DLV
CONCINN ANIA Ae eee ie een Oy LL 66 LOSACCas CEUE! tea sores seri XVI.
corrugata, Gray............ IV. 12 (ida ULE: Ss G6 cbuooo bene IX.
Cracherodii, Leach ........ Wille 23 rubicunda, Gray............ Il.
CHUN) JPA as cecoasannoeane | AVE 56 rubiginosa, Reeve............... XIII.
Cunninghamii, Gray ........... I. 3 rufescens, Swainson ......... I.
Hates, JONES 66 Gh 6p6000 068 IV. ll WNL Se sgacsocencensases A WIl
GURGWK:, JHA Soaneasacoscucoon XS 31 rugoso-plicata Chemnitz Il.
Giversicolompecucl a aera e Nell. 39 RpUY MEL, Jase cocoon epaces Wik
IDFA, MAE soacnosaeecacdas | DM\ANE 65 seabricosta Menke .............. IV.
Glepans whch eee ee VIL. 2] Scutulumsp/tecver .. sc eel sete ONL
IES, CHAP ooeneccacccee coon oS 29 semistriata, id....... Pee ts or XIV.
excavata, Lamarck ............. VIII. 25 OCU Las poposconnesdedas | XlYe
jiciformis, Menke.......... VI. 17 SION Le ewan omermeooes. | ell.
PUNCDLISHMA CELE Mat ier catia) NUL 38 SPECIOSA (darter ayenrctishcls Joe XIV.
einer Oe Doagascacoae XVII 67 Splendens47dsae sierra ee
RE, JOM Mos oscdocoocconee MME 42 RG UEIIRIOL Wh oo poconaonodosnoco Alli,
gigantea, Chemnitz............. VI. 19 SQUAM OSa5y GU Ayfaer laste elt VII.
Gti, Rianne ao acoguscaaose VIL. 23 Stomatizformis, Reeve........... XVII.
plabrasnOhemmnitas sree e oe shies I, 2 Retin, INE oo ecconsosecener XVI.
ATIGISA Sy LEU Cr Sse PIONS Nota rras XV. 57 mMavlorianayecvet isles veces es XII.
Tht, (CHPAN he pecetoa ee bo Somos. wUE 37 tricostalis, Lamarck ......... eee SLT
ACHeNSIS: Eevee ye neces ee | NOVI 72 tuberculata, Linneus ............ YO
UEUILE, We) A Bed 8 cies Aleem eye eae XV. 55 tubifera; amareck << .5..:....-.. VI
UENCE oe oe Gee Bear en ae We 13 VAUIAy LANMEUS) rs) 05) 21) «ious oan Il.
Kamtschatkana, Jonas.......... III. 8 Vviroineas Chemutizin sie XI.
Wamellosa; Lamarck o..5........ V. 14 We obec obeneoneecc, olNl,
lanitawpleceve nr ee eae ier | NOVI 68 EAMG. bo popaconseaocuoss ANIL
MEME CRU bcn po ouomtn oa ce ee We ll ACH Cr aac orac 58 NOL,
mMAnMOnatas GAY) a sees: XII. 44
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
Meee INE Gea, Ii sae
““T named them as they passed, and understood
Their nature, with such knowledge God endned
My sudden apprehension: but in these
I found not what methought I wanted still.” —Af/ton.
Mav gelia £4. 1.
iLeeve, nip
del.et hth
rby
MANGELIA.
Prats I.
(Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural size.)
Genus Maneertta, Leach.
Testa Marginellaformis aut fusiformis, plerumque longitu-
dinaliter costata, spird nune brevi, nunc acuminato-
turritd ; columella labroque intus subtilissime rugoso-
denticulatis, labro incrassato, superné leviter sinuato ;
canali brevissimo, plus minusve truncato.
Shell Marginella-shaped or fusiform, mostly longitudinally
ribbed, spire sometimes short, sometimes acuminately
turreted; lip and columella very finely rugosely
denticulated, lip thickened, slightly sinuated at the
upper part; canal very short, more or less truncated.
M. Deshayes passes a severe and somewhat merited
reprimand upon M. Kiener, for having, in genus Cancel-
laria of his ‘ Ieconographie’, which professes to illustrate
the shells contained in the Lamarckian collection, omitted
mention of the C. ¢hiarella of that illustrious author, not-
withstanding the authority “‘mon cabinet” attached to that
species in the ‘ Animaux sans vertcbres’.* It would
certainly have been desirable if M. Kiener had published
his reasons for this omission, for they were probably
founded on the discovery that the shell in question is not
only no Cancellaria at all, but that it is not referable to
any genus hitherto established. Mr. Sowerby had already
intimated that this shell belongs to another genus; and
M. Deshayes erroneously imagines, from Martini’s figure,
that it may be the young of Strombus plicatus.
This “ Fusus ad formam cithare compositus”’ of Martini,
Cancellaria citharella of Lamarck, has been collected in
various states by Mr. Cuming, at the Philippine Islands,
together with upwards of fifty other closely allied species,
the whole of which are new and display a very striking
association of character. In addition to these I have
a new one from Australia, one from Sicily, some from
the West Indies collected by the Rev. Lansdowne Guilding,
and five collected by Capt. Belcher during the surveying ex-
pedition of the ‘Sulphur’, described and figured by Mr.
Hinds in the Zoology of that Voyage ; all of which I now
propose to assemble under the head of Mangelia, a genus
proposed some years since in manuscript, by the late Dr.
Leach of the British Museum, of which I find no published |
record.
The Mangelia are nearest allied to those aberrant species
of Pleurotoma in which the predominant character of that
genus, the fissure in the upper extremity of the lip, be-
comes modified into a somewhat obscure sinus. Their
general aspect is that of a more or less fusiform Maryi-
nella, without plaits or polished exterior ; distinguished,
on the other hand, by a row of faint wrinkle-like denti-
culations on the inner surface of the lip and columella,
and a gutter-like sinus in the lip at its junction with the
body-whorl, in a manner similar to that of the Pleurotomee
above referred to.
It is rarely an author has the pleasure of introducing a
whole genus of seventy new species, but such is the op-
portunity which the indefatigable exertions of Mr. Cuming
have afforded me, with the exception of the one included by
Lamarck with the Cancellarie, and the five published by
Mr. Hinds in the ‘Zoology of the Sulphur’. They were
found by that eminent traveller under various cireum-
stances, some on the reefs, some in concealed situations
under stones, and some at depths varying from three to
twenty five fathoms.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGeELrA SIcuLa.
minata, anfractibus rotundatis, gibbosiusculis, concen-
Mang. testi subfusiformi, spird acu-
tricé costatis, levibus ; apertura brevi, ovatd, sinu sub-
conspicuo ; intus extusque castaneo-fuscd, labro flavi-
cante, fusco-lineato.
THe Srein1aN Maneewia. Shell somewhat fusiform,
spire acuminated, whorls rounded, rather gibbous,
concentrically ribbed, smooth, aperture short, ovate,
sinus rather conspicuous ; dark chesnut-brown within
and without, lip yellowish, crossed with fine brown
lines
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Sicily.
I place this species at the commencement of the series
as indicating the nearest approach to Plewrotoma; oscil-
lating in character between that of the two genera, it
might be referred with equal propriety to either.
* Ty a une autre coquille, la Cancellaria citharella de Lamarck, et dont M. Kiener ne parle pas dans sa Monographie. Une telle lacune
est fiicheuse dans un ouvrage aussi spécialement consacré a Villustration de la partie conchyliologique des animaux sans vertébres. M. Sowerby
Suppose que cette coquille appartient 4 un autre genre, et si l'on s’en rapporte a la figure citée de Martini, elle ne serait en effet qu'un jeune
Strombe. TI] appartenait donc 4 M. Kiener d’éclairer la science A ce sujet.”
And again, “ M. Kiener nous laisse dans l’ignorance la plus complete 4 l’égard de cette espéce de Lamarck.
Nous avons toujours cru
que Pun des buts que se proposait auteur du Species des coquilles, était de donner des renseignemens positifs sur les especes de Lamarck,
mises d sa disposition. En s’abstenant, M. Kiener ote gratuitement 4 son ouvrage ce qui lui aurait donné le plus d’intéret, non-seulement aux
yeux des simples amateurs, qui tous consultent les travaux de Lamarck, mais aussi ceux des personnes qui font de la science d’une maniére
serieuse et qui recherchent avec avidité tout ce qui peut les éclairer sur les especes de Lamarck. Cette Cancellaria citharella, Wapres la
figure de Martini, nous semble une jeune Strombus plicatus de Lamarck.” —Dursuayes, Animaux sans vertebres, vol. ix. p. 401 and 407.
May, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Puare I.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGeita vextttum. Mang. testa oblongo-ovatd, anfrac-
tibus superne depressis, nodosis, costis e nodis descen-
dentibus, superficie totd decussatim striata, quasi sub-
tilissime decussaté ; aurantio-luted, fasciis albicanti-
bus angustis undique cingulata,
Tur FLAG ManGeEta. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls de-
pressed round the upper part, noduled, with ribs
descending from the nodules, entire surface of the
shell decussately striated, as if very finely granulated ;
orange-yellow, encircled throughout with narrow
whitish bands.
Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Mlo Ilo, Isle of Panay, Philippines (found under
stones); Cuming.
A prettily marked species of a bright orange-yellow
colour, banded with white like a miniature Orange-flag
Volute; the minute decussated sculpture of the surface is
also characteristic.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneeita tyra. Mang. testé trigono-fusiformi, anfrac-
tibus superné angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis
subobliquis, ad angulum incrassatis ; castaneo-fuscd,
lineis albicantibus decussatis, labro albicante.
THE LYRE MaNGELIA. Shell triangularly fusiform, whorls
angulated at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs rather oblique, thickened at the angle ; chesnut-
brown, crossed with whitish lines, lip whitish.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ;
Cuming.
The white lines which encircle this dark chesnut-brown
shell are most conspicuous on the ribs.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGELia ANTILLARUM. Mang. testé subpyriformi-ovatd,
levigatd, longitudinaliter concentrice costatd, costis
JSortibus, subobtusis, distantibus ; cinereo-carnei, costis
fascia rubida tinctis, labro albicante, rubido fasciatim
tincto.
Toe West Inpia Maneenta. Shell somewhat pyri-
formly ovate, smooth, longitudinally concentrically
ribbed, ribs strong, rather obtuse, distant; ashy
flesh-colour, ribs stained with a reddish band, lip
whitish, stained with reddish bands.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
TTab. West Indies.
This is a fine species, and one highly typical of the
genus.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming,)
MANGELIA CITHARELLA. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd,
anfractibus superné angulato-depressis, longitudinaliter
costatis, costis e suturis descendentibus, ad angulum
nodosis, levibus, interstitiis subtilissimé elevato-striatis,
albidd, costis luteo-rufo lineata et fasciatd.
THE LITTLE HARP MANGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate,
whorls angular, depressed at the upper part, longitu-
dinally ribbed, ribs descending from the sutures, no-
dose on the angle, smooth, interstices very finely ele-
vately striated ; whitish, ribs lineated and banded
with yellowish-red.
Cancellaria citharella, Lamarck.
Icon. Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. pl. 142. f. 1330.
Hab. Island of Siquijor, (found on the sands); Cuming.
Having already spoken of this species in my introductory
observations, at the commencement of the genus, it only
remains to notice that it was figured by Martini, in 1780
under the head of “ Fust ad formam cithare compositi’’,
and referred by Lamarck to the genus Cancellaria under
an impression that the faint wrinkle-like denticulations of
the columella, which are only developed in the mature shell,
are indentical with the plaits which wind round the colu-
mella of the Cancellaria throughout its entire growth. To
make his shell accord with the generic character of Cancel-
laria Lamarck described the columella as bemg “ multipli-
cata, plicis tenuissimis ;” it will be found however, on ex-
amination, that they are not plaits at all, but one of several
characteristic peculiarities of growth and sculpture which
are more or less variably developed throughout the whole
of the species here associated under the title of Mangelia.
Species 6. (Fig. @ and 6 Mus. Cuming.)
Maneett1a Mareinettorpes. Mang. testé pyriformi-
ovata, spird brevi, acutd ; anfractibus superné angulatis,
longitudinaliter multicostatis, costis tenuibus, crebris,
suturis descendentibus ; lacteo-ceruled aut cinereo-fuscd,
lineis rubidis cingulatd, anfractiis ultimi parte supra
angulum macula grandi nigricante conspicué tinctd.
Tue MarGINeLLA-LikE Manertra. Shell pyriformly
ovate, spire short, acute; whorls angulated at the
upper part, longitudinally many-ribbed, ribs thin,
close-set, descending from the sutures, ; milky blueish
colour, or ashy brown, encircled with ruddy lines,
portion of the last whorl above the angle conspicu-
ously stained with a blackish blotch.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found in sandy mud
at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.
This is an extremely interesting species having the typi-
cal form of a Marginella, and almost as highly polished in
front from the abundant secretion of enamel which paves
the vicinity of the aperture.
For species 7. see Plate I.
Mangelea ALLE
Sowerby, del. et. ith Reeve uaxp
MANGELIA.
Prats II.
(Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural size.)
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA FUNICULATA. Marg. testd trigono-fusiformi,
subelongatd, anfractibus superné depressis, longitudina-
liter tenuicostatis, levibus ; cinereo-fuscd, costis labroque
albicantibus.
THE CORDED Manes ra. Shell triangularly fusiform, rather
elongated, whorls depressed at the upper part, longi-
tudinally, finely ribbed, smooth; ashy brown, ribs
and outer lip whitish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found on
the sands) ; Cuming.
The fine smooth white ribs of this species, on a dark
ground, give the shell the appearance of being strung with
longitudinal cords.
(Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA CAVERNOSA.
angulato-turrité ; anfractibus superné angulatis, intra
Mang. testé oblongo-ovatd, spirt
costis cavernosis, costis fortibus, obtusis, e suturis des-
cendentibus ; albd, aurantio-fusco hic illic sparsim
maculata
Tur cavernous Mancetta. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
angularly turreted; whorls angulated at the upper
part, cavernous between the ribs, ribs strong, obtuse,
descending from the sutures ; white, sparingly spotted
here and there with orange-brown.
Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands);
Cuming.
The orange-brown spotting is mostly on the cavernous
portion of the whorls above the angle.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGeELIa cytinpRIcA. Mang. testd cylindraceo-fusi-
formi, apice acutd, longitudinaliter subtiliter costatd,
transversime levato-striatd ; pellucido-albd, fuscescente
tinctd, aurantio-fusco infra suturas maculata.
THE cyLInpDRIcAL ManGetta. Shell cylindrically fusi-
form, sharp at the apex, longitudinally finely ribbed,
transversely elevately striated; transparent white,
stained with pale brown, spotted beneath the sutures
with orange-brown.
Ruzve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in
sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ;
Cuming.
The orange-brown spots, as in the former species, are
arranged round the upper portion of the whorls beneath
the sutures.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA capILLAcEaA. Mang. testd ovato-fusiformi,
spire suturis profundis ; anfractibus superné depressis,
transversim subtilissime et creberrimé elevato-striatis,
longitudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, suberectis, su-
perne leviter mucronatis ; fuscescente, lineis subtilibus
Suscescentibus zonatda.
THE HArR-GIRT Manegtta. Shell ovately fusiform,
sutures of the spire deep; whorls depressed at the
upper part, transversely very finely and closely ele-
vately striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow,
somewhat erect, a little pointed at the top; light
brown, zoned with fine brown lines.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines, (found among coarse
sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
Encireled with fine brown lines which on the summit of
the raised striz have the appearance of hair.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming).
ManGe1ia Graciiis. Mang. testd gracili-fusiformi, trans-
versim subtilissime striatd, longitudinaliter costatd,
costis angustis ; albd, castaneo-fusco indistincte zonaté
et maculata.
THE SLENDER Manceia. Shell slenderly fusiform,
transversely very finely striated, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs narrow; white, indistinctly zoned and blotched
with chesnut-brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at
low water); Cuming.
The peculiarities of this shell are very briefly defined,
but they are not, on that account, less characteristic of a
very distinct and elegantly formed species. The brown
May, 1846.
MANGELIA.—P tate II.
zoned painting is most conspicuous on the back of the last
whorl, where it forms a rude blotch.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA LAMELLATA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovata,
spire suturis profundis, subcavernosis, anfractibus trans-
versim elevato-striatis, striis fortibus, subdistantibus,
longitudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, erectis, lamel-
leformibus, superné leviter mucronatis ; albida, fusco
pallidissimé zonata.
THE LAMELLATED ManGexta. Shell fusiformly ovate,
sutures of the spire deep, a little cavernous ; whorls
transversely elevately striated, strie strong, rather
distant, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, erect,
lamella-like, slightly pointed at the top; white, zoned
with very pale brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Isle of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse sand
at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by the narrow elevated lamella-like
character of the ribs.
Fig. 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneetia Gracitis. Var. 8. I had figured this shell
as a species distinct from the I. gracilis, but upon
further examination, am inclined to think that it is
merely a variety, with the transverse strie more
strongly developed, and the longitudinal ribs less so.
For Species 13 see Plate V.
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
Manceuia virtata. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, subco-
nici, spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus longitudinaliter
costatis, costarum interstitiis striis fortibus clathratis ;
albidd, olivaceo-fusco latifasciatd, costarum parte oli-
vaceo-fusca albipunctata,
THE RIBAND-BOUND Mancetta. Shell oblong-ovate,
somewhat conical, spire short, obtuse; whorls longi-
tudinally ribbed, interstices between the ribs latticed
with strong strie; whitish, encircled with broad
olive-brown bands, the coloured portion of the ribs
being dotted with white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. (sland of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ;
Cuming.
An interesting species so distinct from any other I have
met with, that it may be recognised without difficulty.
Mangelia Lt M2.
186
Sowerby, del. et hth
MANGELIA.
Puate IIT.
(Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGELIA zonata. Mang. testi abbreviato-fusiformi,
spira breviusculd, turritd, suturis profundis ; anfracti-
bus longitudinaliter costatis, costis e suturis descenden-
tibus ; levigaté ; alba, zond conspicud aurantio-fuscd
cingulata.
Tur zoNED ManGetta. Shell shortly fusiform, spire
rather short, turreted, sutures deep ; whorls longitu-
dinally ribbed, ribs descending from the sutures ;
smooth ; white, encircled with a conspicuous zone of
orange brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ;
Cuming.
A delicate white shell, encircled throughout with a dark
orange-brown zone.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
MancGeria mnterRuPTA. Mang. testa oblongo-ovata, spird
brevi, anfractibus superné nodosis, costis e nodis descen-
dentibus ; alba, lineis nigris subtilissimis transversis in-
terruptis, creberrime dispositis, inter costas ornatd.
THE INTERRUPTED MANGELIA. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
short, whorls nodose round the upper part, with nbs
descending from the nodules; white, ornamented
between the ribs with very fine interrupted transverse
black lines, ranging very close to one another.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands);
Cuming.
A very significant character is here displayed, in the in-
terstices between the ribs being painted with short black
hair lines.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA RETICULATA. Mang. fusiformi-ovatd, spird
breviusculd, apice acuminata ; anfractibus superné per-
pendiculariter compressis, deinde tumidiusculis et longi-
tudinaliter costatis, costarum interstitiis exiliter oblique
reticulatis ; albidd, cinereo pallide zonatd, costis exiliter
fusco-punctatis.
THE RETICULATED Mancetta. Shell fusiformly ovate,
spire rather short, acuminated at the apex; whorls
perpendicularly compressed round the upper part,
then a little swollen and longitudinally ribbed, inter-
stices between the ribs faintly obliquely reticulated ;
whitish, zoned with pale ash, ribs faintly dotted with
brown.
Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
This species is distinguished by a peculiar perpendi-
cular depression of the upper portion of the whorls, toge-
ther with the faint reticulated sculpture of the interstices
between the ribs. The colouring is also characteristic.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA FULCHELLA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd,
subcylindraced, spird breviusculd, apice acuminata ; an-
Sractibus superné rotundatis, longitudinaliter multicos-
tatis, costis tenuibus, gracilibus, concentrice dispositis,
anfractuum superficie totd ewilissimé reticulatd ; luteo-
albicante, maculis quadratis parvis rufis costarum in-
terstitiis fasciatim cingulata.
THe preTTy Mancewta. Shell fusiformly ovate, some-
what cylindrical, spire rather short, acuminated at
the apex ; whorls rounded at the upper part, longitu-
dinally many-ribbed, ribs thin, slender, arranged con-
centrically ; entire surface of the whorls very faintly
reticulated ; yellowish-white, encircled throughout in
the interstices between the ribs, with bands of small
square red. spots.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ;
Cuming.
Anextremely pretty species, strikingly tessellated through-
out with bright square red spots.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
MaNGELIA FustroRMIs. Mang. testd fusiformi, anfracti-
bus superne subangulatis, ad angulum nodosis, costis
tenuibus subsuperficiariis e nodis descendentibus, trans-
May, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Ptate IIT.
versim creberrime, striatis; luteo-albicante, punctis
perpaucis aurantio-fuscis tincta.
Tue FustrorM Maneetta. Shell fusiform, whorls
slightly angulated round the upper part, nodose at
the angle, with thin rather superficial ribs descending
from the nodules, transversely very closely striated ;
yellowish white, stained with orange brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Isle of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse
sand at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming.
The orange-brown spots which characterize this species,
are few in number, and very faintly indicated.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManeGenia Lyrica. Mang. testa fusiformi, utrinque acu-
minatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter concentrice cos-
tatis, transversim elevato-striatis ; fuscescente, auran-
tio-fusco pallide et indistincté fasciata.
THE LyRIcaAL ManGeta. Shell fusiform, acuminated at
both ends, whorls longitudinally concentrically ribbed,
transversely elevately striated ; ight brown, palely and
indistinctly banded with orange-brown.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Isle of Burias, Philippme Islands (found among
coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
Lightly ribbed and more acuminated at the base than
any of the former species of this plate.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA GIBBOSA.
brevissinad ; anfractibus superné gibbosis et nodulosis,
longitudinaliter costatis, levigatis ; cinereo-albicante,
lineis aurantio-fuscis exilibus cingulata, dorso superneé
nigricante tincto.
THE HUNCH-BACKED MANGELIA. Shell ovately conical,
spire very short; whorls gibbous and nodulous round
the upper part, longitudinally mbbed, smooth; ashy
white, encircled with faint orange-brown lines, back
stamed with pale black at the upper part.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
Mang. testé ovato-conicd, spird
A short conical shell characterized by very faint brown
hair lines, and a dark neutral tint blotch on the back at
the summit of the last whorl.
Mangelia FULVS
8
Ss
R
RO6
Reeve, imp
Wr thy, del. et Jith
MANGELIA.
Puate IV.
(Figures magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mancerta Macutata. Mang. testa subfusiformi, basi
truncatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis, tenuibus sub-
distantibus, concentricé dispositis; sinu latiusculo ;
alba, maculis subquadratis aurantio-fuscis inter costas.
THE sPoTTED MancGenta. Shell somewhat fusiform,
truncated at the base, longitudinally ribbed, ribs thin,
rather distant, concentrically arranged; sinus rather
broad; white, with somewhat square orange-brown
spots between the ribs.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at
low water); Cuming.
The orange-brown spots which constitute one of the
distinguishing features of this species are very characte-
ristic on the last whorl, but on the upper whorls only the
upper portion of them remain visible.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA TURRICULA. Mang. testé fusiformi-turritd,
suturis profundis; anfractibus plano-depressis, longitu-
dinaliter concentricé costatis ; albicante, lineis subtilis-
simis aurantio-fuscis obsolete cingulata.
THE LITTLE TOWER ManGeLia. Shell fusiformly tur-
reted, sutures deep ; whorls flatly depressed, longitu-
dinally concentrically ribbed ; whitish, obsoletely en-
circled with very fine orange-brown lines.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sand);
Cuming.
The orange-brown lines above described are too faintly
indicated to be represented in the figure, indeed they are
but just discernible with the lens.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mancetta CoLuMBELLOIDES. Mang. testd ovatd, spirt
brevi, acutd; anfractibus superne leviter rotundatis,
transversim elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter tenuicos-
tatis, labro medio tumido, intus fortiter denticulato ;
nived, costis eximié aurantio-fusco punctatis.
May,
THE CoLUMBELLA-LIKE MANGELIA. Shell ovate, spire
short, acute; whorls slightly rounded at the upper
part, tranversely elevately straited, longitudinally
finely ribbed, lip swollen in the middle, strongly den-
ticulated within ; snowy white, ribs delicately dotted
with orange-brown.
Reezve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found on
mud banks); Cuming.
An extremely interesting species distinguished by its
Columbella-like structure, and faint dotted colouring of
the ribs.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneetta Cononettcoipes. Mang. testé ovato-conica,
spird brevissimd, acuta; anfractibus transversim elevato-
striatis, longitudinaliter multilirata, iris tenuibus, ante
suturas evanidis ; luteo-albicante, dorso macula grandi
aurantio-fusca interdum tincto.
THe CoNOHELIX-LIKE MANGELIA. Shell ovately conical,
spire very short, acute ; whorls transversely elevately
striated, longitudinally many-ridged, ridges thin,
fading before the sutures; yellowish-white, back
sometimes stained with a large orange-brown blotch.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Daleguete, Isle of Zebu, Philippines (found under
stones); Cuming.
Distinguished by that peculiar conical form, which is
typified in the Mitres, separated by Mr. Swainson under
the title of Conoheliv.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGetia TENEBROSA. Mang. testa subfusiformi, spird
acuminato-turritd; anfractibus superné plano-depressis,
suturis profundis, transversim striatis, longitudinaliter
costatis, costis distantibus ; intus eatusque castaneo-
fused.
Tur parK Mancetia. Shell somewhat fusiform, spire
acuminately turrited; whorls flatly depressed at the
top, sutures deep; transversely striated, longitudinally
ribbed, ribs distant; dark chesnut brown within and
without.
1846.
MANGELIA.—Puare IV.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao (found in sandy mud
at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming.
A dark brown sharply turreted deep-water species.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mancetia Nov# Houranpim. Mang. testé ovata, in-
ferné attenuatd, subconicd, spird brevi; anfractibus
superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter oblique costatis ;
livido-cinered, apice basique nigricantibus, labro albido,
aperture fauce fusca.
Tue New Ho~tanp Mancetta. Shell ovate, attenuated
at the lower part, somewhat conical, spire short ;
whorls rounded at the upper part, longitudinally ob-
liquely ribbed ; livid ash-colour, base and apex_black-
ish, ip whitish, interior of the aperture brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Swan River.
A very characteristic species exhibiting a curious variety
of dingy colouring.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneeiia tivipa. Mang. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, apice
acuminata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter concentricé cos-
tatis, costis tenuibus ; livido-carned.
Tuo tivip Maneexta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
acuminated at the apex, whorls longitudinally con-
centrically ribbed, ribs thin ; livid flesh-colour.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs):
Cuming.
A livid flesh-colowred shell, simply longitudinally ribbed.
1
pf
Sowerby, del et hth
PO
MANGELIA.
PuatTE V.
(Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PYRAMIDALIS. Mang. testd pyramidali, tur-
itd, longitudinaliter costatd, costarum interstitiis
striatis ; aperturd pared, brevi; albda.
THE PYRAMIDAL MancGeLta. Shell pyramidal, turreted,
longitudinally mbbed, interstices between the ribs
striated ; aperture small, short ; white.
Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming.
Of a somewhat hexagonal form, arising from the ribs
following one under the other.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneetta Dysont. Mang. testd ovata, spird breviusculd,
anfractibus superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter ereber-
rime tenuicostatis, striis transversis decussatis ; albidd,
aurantio-fusco pallideé bifasciatd.
Dyson’s Mancertia. Shell ovate, spire rather short,
whorls rounded at the upper part, longitudinally very
closely finely ribbed, decussated with transverse strize ;
whitish, encircled with two faint bands of orange-
brown.
Hab. Honduras (found on the sands); Dyson.
The ribs beg decussated with striz have a slightly
granular appearance.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
M:xGet1a asysstcota. Mang. testé oblongo-ovaté,
utringue conspicue attenuata, longitudinaliter costatd,
lineis elevatis cingulata ; albidd, fusco zonata.
THE DEEP-DWELLING ManGeiia. Shell oblong-ovate,
conspicuously attenuated at both ends, longitudinally
ribbed, encircled with raised lines; whitish, zoned
with brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Islayd of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy
mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming.
Peculiarly attenuated at both ends, and corded through-
out with Tysed strie.
%
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManceLia’ Bicotor. Mang. testd oblong, concentricé
costatd, costarum interstitiis subtilissimé striatis ; supra
albida, infra plumbed.
THE TWo-coLoURED Mancetia. Shell oblong, concen-
trically ribbed, interstices between the ribs very finely
striated ; white above, lead colour below.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
Distinguished in some measure by its conspicuous con-
trast of colour.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGELIA FUNEBRIS. Mang. testé oblonga, concentricé
costata, costarum interstitiis levibus; albida, fascié
plumbed lata cingulatda.
THE MOURNING ManGeEtta. Shell oblong, concentrically
ribbed, interstices between the ribs smooth ; whitish,
encircled with a broad lead-coloured band.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao (found under stones at low water) ;
Cuming.
The spire is rather more elevated than in the former
species, and the shell has altogether a different aspect.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mancenia Srromporpes. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd,
spird subturritd ; anfractibus superné angulatis, longi-
ludinaliter costatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, inter-
stitiis subtilissimé striatis ; albida.
Tue STRoMBUS-LIKE MaNnGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate,
spire somewhat turreted ; whorls angulated round the
upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nodose at the
angle, interstices very finely striated ; whitish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines.
Mr. Cuming possesses a specimen of this shell from the
Red Sea, collected by Dr. Riippell.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PALLIDA. Mang. testa ovatd, concentricé cos-
tata, costis subotusis ; alba.
THe PALE Mancetta. Shell ovate, concentrically ribbed,
ribs rather obtuse; white.
June, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Prare V.
Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
A small white species with stout concentric ribs.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGexia THNIATA. Mang. testa oblongo-fusiformi, levis-
simd, longitudinaliter plicato-costata ; albidé aut lutes-
cente, lineis fuscis conspicue cingulata.
Tue FILLETTED Maneexta. Shell oblong-fusiform, very
smooth, longitudinally plicately ribbed; whitish or
yellowish, conspicuously encircled with brown lines.
Pleurotoma teniata, Deshayes, Expéd Morée p. 178.
pl. xix. f. 37-39.
Pleurotoma eburneum, Bivon.
Hab. Mediterranean.
A smooth yellowish species encircled with fine brown
lines.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA CRASSILABRUM. Mang. testd oblonga, spird
brevi, subturritd, anfractibus superneé rotundatis, longi-
tudinaliter crebricostatis ; labro valdé incrassato ;
plumbeo-fasciatd, obscure subtilissime albilineata.
THE THICK-LIPPED Manepiia. Shell oblong, spire
short, a little turreted, whorls rounded at the upper
part, longitudinally closely ribbed; lip more than
usually thickened; lead colour or banded with lead
colour, crossed with numerous obscure fine white
lines.
Hab. Islands of Ticao and Bohol, Philippines; Cuming.
Distinguished by its swollen lip.
Vargo ls “te LOVE.
ga
3
49
powerby, del et. hth.
MANGELIA.
Pratt VI.
(Specimens, except Figs. 37 and 39, magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 37. (Mus. Belcher.)
MaNnGELIA oryza. Mang. testdé attenuaté, acuminata,
levigatd, nitidd, hexagoneé plico-costulata ; anfractibus
septenis ; albida.
THE RICE-GRAIN Mancetia. Shell attenuated, acumi-
nated, smooth, shining, hexagonally plicately ribbed ;
whorls seven in number; whitish.
Hryps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. pl. 9. f. 4.
Hab. North coast of New Guinea (from twenty-two
fathoms, mud) ; Hinds.
The figure of this species is of the natural size.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PESSULATA.
spird breviusculd, longitudinaliter eximié suboblique
Mang. testa cylindraceo-oblonga,
costatd, costarum interstitiis subtilissime striatis ; nived.
THE BARRED Maneniia. Shell rather cylindrically
oblong, spire rather short; longitudinally delicately
rather obliquely ribbed, interstices between the ribs
very finely striated ; snowy white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
The sculpture of this shell is of a most delicate character.
Species 39. (Mus. Belcher.)
MANGELIA CINNAMOMEA.
cinnamomed, albifasciata ; anfractibus senis, plico-cos-
tulatis, transversim levissime striatis.
THE CINNAMON MancGetra. Shell attenuated, smooth,
cinnamon-coloured, white-banded ; whorls six in num-
ber, plicately ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated.
Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 25. pl. 9. f. 1.
Hab. North coast of New Guinea, Straits of Macassar,
and Malacca (from five to twenty-two fathoms, mud);
Hinds.
Of the natural size, from Mr. Hinds’ figure.
Mang. testaé attenuata, nitidd,
(Species 40. Mus. Forbes.)
MANGELIA RIGIDA.
fortiter tuberculato-costatd, transversim subtilissime
Mang. testé ovata, longitudinaliter
striatd ; fuscescente.
THe ricip Manentra. Shell ovate, longitudinally
strongly tubercularly ribbed, transversely very finely
striated; light brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846.
Hab. Aigean Sea; Forbes.
T cannot identify this with any of the Mediterranean
species of Plewrotoma hitherto described.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA ELEGANS. Mang. testd oblongd, spird brevius-
culd, acuminatd, anfractibus superne angulatis, longi-
tudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, ad angulum mucro-
natis, costarum interstitiis pulcherrimé elevato-striatis ;
lutescente-albd, exilissime fusco-zonata.
Tur ELeGant Maneptra. Shell oblong, spire rather
short, acuminated, whorls angulated at the upper
part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, pointed at
the angle, interstices between the ribs very beautifully
elevately striated ; yellowish white, very faintly zoned
with brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming.
An interesting species most delicately sculptured.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA LINEATA. Mang. testa ovatd, spiré acuminate ;
concentricé obtuso-costatd, levigatd ; carneo-fuscescente,
lineis saturatioribus undique cingulata.
Tue LINEATED Maneuiia. Shell ovate, spire acumi-
nated; concentrically obtusely ribbed, smooth ; fleshy
brown, encircled throughout with lines of a darker
tint.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
The transverse lines which characterize this species are
somewhat faintly indicated.
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
MaNGELIA PLANILABRUM. Mang. testd fusiformi, utrin-
que acuminata, levissimd, anfractibus superne depressis,
longitudinaliter costatis ; labro planulato, supra suban-
gulato ; cinereo-purpurascente, albi-zonatd.
THE FLAT-LIPPED MANGELIA. Shell fusiform, acuminated
at both ends, very smooth, whorls depressed round
the upper part, longitudinally ribbed; lip flattened,
slightly angulated above; ashy purple, zoned with
white.
June, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Ptate VI.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
An extremely pretty and characteristic species.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PONDEROSA. Mang. testi ovaté, spird brevius-
culd, acuminata, anfractibus convexis, liris eximiis lon-
gitudinalibus striisque transversis eleganter clathratis ;
labro valdé incrassato ; albicante, maculis perpaucis
Suseis tincta.
THe PoNDEROUS Maneettia. Shell ovate, spire rather
short, acuminated, whorls convex, latticed with trans-
verse strize and delicate longitudinal ridges; lip very
much thickened; whitish, stained with a very few
brown spots.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse
sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
A fine species with the surface delicately latticed with
ridges and raised strie.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA GINNANNIA. Mang. testé pyramidali-acumi-
natd, concentrice tuberculato-costatd, levigatd, apertura
breviusculd ; lutescente-carnea.
Tue Grynannta Maneenra. Shell pyramidally acumi-
nated, concentrically tubercularly ribbed, smooth,
aperture rather short ; yellowish flesh-colour.
Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe mérid. p. 220. pl. 7. 99.
Pleurotoma Ginnannianum, Scacchi.
Hab, Mediterranean.
Sometimes of a dull leaden colour.
Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.)
a
Mancenta Berrranpr. Mang. testd oblongd, subturritd,
levigatd, nitidd, longitudinaliter costatd ; purpureo-
Suscd, costis labo basique albidis.
Brrtranp’s Maneenia. Shell oblong, somewhat tur-
reted, smooth, shining, longitudinally ribbed ; purple-
brown, ribs base and lip white.
Pleurotoma Bertrandi, Payrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse
p- 144. pl. 7. f. 12 and 13.
Hab. Mediterranean.
It is seareely necessary to observe that this species is
quite distinct from the Plewrotoma Vauquelini, which
should also be referred to this genus.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneeira Hornpecki. Mang. testd ovatd, spird brevi-
usculd, acutd, suturis profundis, subcavernosis, longitu-
dinaliter costatd, costis prominentibus, transversim
subtilissime striata, alba.
Hornpnck’s Mancenia. Shell ovate, spire rather short,
acute, sutures deep, somewhat cavernous, longitudi-
nally ribbed, ribs prominent, transversely very mi-
nutely striated ; white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Dr. Hornbeck.
Distinguished by the prominent character of the ribs,
and the depth of the sutures.
Species 48. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
MANGELIA CASTANEA.
natd, concentrice tenuicostatd, costarum interstitiis
striatis ; castaneo-fuscd.
Tue cHesNut Maneexra. Shell oblong, spire acumi-
nated; concentrically finely ribbed, interstices be-
tween the ribs striated; chesnut-brown.
Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab, Island of Burias, Philippines; Cuming.
Mang. testa oblonga, spiré acumi-
An ovate subfusiform shell of a bright chesnut colour,
Mangelva FF
30
Lo
MANGELIA.
Pirate VII.
(Specimens, except Figs. 49 and 51, magnified to twice their natural length.)
Species 49. (Mus. Belcher.)
MANGELIA CELEBENSIS. Mang. testd attenuatd, levigati,
pallidé, fusco late fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-
costulatis ; costulis subdistantibus.
Tue pretty Mancevta. Shell attenuated, smooth, pale,
broadly banded with brown, whorls six in number,
plicately ribbed ; ribs rather distant.
Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 26. pl. 9. f.5.
Hab. New Guinea.
Represented of the natural size.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PuSILLA. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd, levi-
gata, longitudinaliter costatd, costis solidiusculis ob-
tusis ; albida, castaneo copiose tinctéd et lineata.
THE sMaLL ManGexta. Shell fusiformly ovate, smooth,
longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather solid, obtuse;
whitish, copiously staimed and lineated with chesnut-
brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. 2
The ribs are mostly of lighter colour than the ground of
the shell.
Species 51. (Mus. Belcher.)
ManGeLia coronata. Mang. testd attenuata, acuminaté ;
anfractibus senis plico-costulatis, transversim. striatis ;
costulis superne subacuminatis.
THE CORONATED MancGeta. Shell attenuated, acumi-
nated ; whorls six in number, plicately ribbed, trans-
versely striated, ribs somewhat acuminated at the
upper part.
Hips, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 26. pl. 9. f. 1.
Hab. Straits of Macassar ; Hinds.
From Mr. Hinds’ figure of the natural size.
Species 52. (Mus. Gray.)
MaNcGELta Fascrata. Mang. test@ ovatd, utringue at-
tenuatd, anfractibus superné rotundatis, longitudinaliter
costatis, striis conspicuis transversim clathratis ; albidd
aut lutescente, fascia rubiddé angustd cingulata.
THE BANDED Maneetia. Shell ovate, attenuated at
both ends, whorls rounded above, longitudinally rib-
bed, latticed with conspicuous transverse striz ;
whitish or yellowish, encircled with a narrow reddish
band.
Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet.)
Hab. Africa.
Characterized by its short attenuated growth at the
base.
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGetta virrata. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd, utrin-
que peculiariter attenuata, longitudinaliter eximié cos-
tellatd, transversim subtilissimée funiculatd ; albidd,
+ fusco aut rubido-fusco lineatd et fasciatd.
THE FILLETTED ManGetta. Shell fusiformly ovate, pecu-
liarly attenuated at both ends, longitudinally deli-
cately ribbed, transversely very finely corded ; whitish,
Iineated and banded with brown or reddish brown.
Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur. p. 26. pl. 9. f. 3.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (found in sandy mud
at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
An elegantly formed species, distinguished by the pecu-
liar delicacy of the ribs and transverse strie.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGeLIA MarMoRoSA. Mang. testd ovati, solidiusculd,
spird breviusculd ; longitudinaliter costatd, costis obesis,
striis elevatis, decussatis ; sinu amplo, albé, aurantio-
Susco perparce maculata.
THE MARBLE Mance.ta. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire
rather short ; longitudinally ribbed, ribs stout, crossed
with raised strize ; white, very sparingly spotted with
orange brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. >
A solid white marble-like shell, with one or two scat-
tered orange-brown spots on the back.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Manaetta casta. Mang. testa ovato-turritd, longitudina-
liter costatd, costis tenuibus subdistantibus, levigatd ;
June, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Prare VII.
aperturd brevi, bast truncatd ; carneo-fuscd, obscure
fasciatd, costis albicantibus.
Tur cHasté MANGELIA. Shell ovately turreted, longitu-
dinally ribbed, ribs fine, rather distant, smooth, aper-
ture short, base truncated ; fleshy brown, obscurely
banded, ribs whitish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
Peculiarly truncated at the base.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mancenia opettscus. Mang. testd subulatd, hexagond,
basi truncatd, striis pulcherrimis elevatis undique
creberrime cingulatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis
distantibus, sequentibus ; aperturd minutd, ovald ; sor-
didé alba, aperture fauce lutescente.
THe OBELISK Manopita. Shell subulate, six-sided,
truncated at the base, very closely encircled through-
out with beautiful raised striae, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs following one under the other; aperture minute,
ovate; dull white, interior of the aperture yellowish.
Renrve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippimes (found among
coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming.
An interesting species remarkably characterized by its
erect, obelisk-like growth.
Species 57. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Maneeria BALTEATA. Mang. testa elongatd, subfusiformi,
longitudinaliter costatd, costis angustis, distantibus ;
albd, zond fuscd conspicud cingulata.
Tur BELTED Manaetta. Shell elongated, somewhat
fusiform, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, distant ;
white, encircled with a conspicuous brown zone.
Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
The brown zone which forms so conspicuous a character
in the specimen here figured, is but faintly indicated in
others.
Species 58. (Mus. Gray.)
ManeGEnta GOoDALLi.
suturis subprofundis ; longitudinaliter costatd, costa-
Mang. testé oblongo-ovata, spure
yum interstitiis striis conspicuis clathratis ; alba, striis
pallide fuscescentibus.
Goopat’s MANGELIA.
the spire rather deep ; longitudinally ribbed, inter-
stices between the ribs latticed with conspicuous
striz ; white, strize pale brown.
Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet).
Hab. ——?
Shell oblong-ovate, sutures of
Named some years since by Mr. Gray in manuscript,
after the late venerable Provost of Eton.
Species 59. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Maneeria asrricta. Mang. testd subfusiformi-ovatd,
spird breviusculd, suturis profundis ; longitudinaliter
costatd, costis crebriusculis ; albidd, zond fuscd an-
gusta cingulata.
Tue Trpp Maneerta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
spire rather short, sutures deep ; longitudinally ribbed,
ribs rather close-set ; whitish, encircled with a narrow
brown zone.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab.
?
The ribs of this species present an unusually numerous
aspect on the spire.
Mangelia. Ft. Vile
y
a 62
v
63
77
Sowerby, del et hth Reeve mp:
MANGELIA.
Prate VIII.
(Specimens magnified to two and a half times their natural length.)
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA BADIA. Mang. testé fusiformi-ovatd, concentricé
plicato-costatd, transversin fortiter striata ; castaneo-
fusca.
THE BROWN Mancetra. Shell fusiformly ovate, concen-
trically plicately ribbed, transversely strongly striated ;
chesnut-brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
Of an uniform dark brown colour.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA PELLUCIDA.
attenuata, levigatd, pellucida, nitidd, longitudinaliter
crebricostatd ; albidd, basi fusca.
THE TRANSPARENT ManGemra. Shell ovate, attenuated
at both ends, smooth, transparent shining, longitudi-
nally closely ribbed, whitish, brown at the base.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Fab. ?
Mang. testa ovata, utrinque
A delicate transparent shell, swollen in the middle.
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
MANGELIA anGuLaTa. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovaté, an-
Sractibus medio peculiariter angulatis, suturis profundis,
longitudinaliter costatis, costis angulos super mucrona-
tis ; albidd, fuscescente lineata.
THE ANGULATED Maneptta. Shell fusiformly ovate,
whorls peculiarly angulated in the middle, sutures
deep, longitudinally ribbed, ribs pointed over the
angles ; whitish, lneated with pale brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Bay of Manila (found in sandy mud at the depth of
four fathoms); Cuming.
An interesting form, distinguished by the very peculiar
angularity of the whorls.
Species 63. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
MaANGELIA PURA.
turritd, suturis profundis ; anfractibus concentricé cos-
tatis ; albidd, maculis perpaucis aurantio-fuscis.
Mang. testé oblongo-ovata, spird sub-
Tur purr Mancetra. Shell oblong-ovate, spire some-
what turreted, sutures rather deep ; whorls concen-
trically ribbed ; whitish, with a very few orange-brown
spots.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
There is merely a faint row of dots on the back of the
last whorl.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Manepura soups. Mang. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, utrinque
attenuatd, solidd, undique creberrimé granoso-clathrata ;
apertura longiusculd ; purpurascente.
THE sotip Manceta. Shell cylindrically ovate, attenu-
ated at both ends, solid, very closely granosely latticed
throughout ; aperture rather long; purplish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. \sland of Burias, Philippines (among sand at the
depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
A peculiarly solid, finely granulated shell.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
This shell proves, on a second examination, to be a
Mangelia vittata.
Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneenia periticta. Mang. testé ovata, longitudina-
liler fortiter concentricée costatd, transversim subobso-
leté striata ; fuscescente.
THE FORSAKEN ManGELIA. Shell ovate, longitudinally
strongly concentrically ribbed, transversely rather
obsoletely striated ; light brown.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
A strong ribbed species of ordinary form.
Species 67. (Mus. Gray.)
Mancexia Contrormis. Mang. testd ovato-conicd, tenui,
subpellucida, spird brevissimd ; anfractibus transversim
subtilissimé striatis, superne eailiter plicato-crenatis ;
alba.
June, 1846.
MANGELIA.—Ptate VIII.
THE CONE-sHAPED ManceEtia. Shell ovately conical,
thin, rather transparent, spire very short, whorls
transversely very finely striated, faintly plicately cre-
nated round the upper part ; white.
Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet).
Hab. ?
An interesting species, which may readily be distin-
euished by its conical form.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maner tia Zusuensis. Mang. testa ovato-oblongd, spird
acuminata, basi subattenuatd, concentricée fortiter cos-
tata, transversim creberrime striatd ; fuscescente.
Tue Zesu Manceia. Shell ovately oblong, spire acu-
minated, a little attenuated at the base, concentrically
ribbed, transversely very closely striated ; pale brown.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines (found in sandy mud at
the depth of four fathoms); Cuming.
Of simple structure, but specifically distinct from any of
the former.
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Maneeuia cincta. Mang. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, spira
turritd, suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus superné an-
gulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis distantibus ; al-
bida, anfractibus fascia lata fuscescente superne cinctis.
THE GIRDLED Maneexia. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire turreted, sutures rather deep; whorls
encircled round the upper part with a broad light
brown band.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones at
low water); Cuming.
The ribs are unusually distant, and impart a hexagonal
character to the shell.
Species 70. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
MANGELIA DIGITALE. Mang. testa fusiformi-ovatd, solidé,
undique creberrime granoso-clathratis ; albicante, zonis
duabus purpureis angustis cingulatda.
THE THIMBLE MaNnGELIA. Shell fusiformly ovate, solid,
very closely granosely latticed throughout; whitish,
encircled with two narrow purple zones.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
The sculpture of this species is very similar to that of
the M. solida, represented at Fig. 64.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
ManGELIA NANA. Mang. testa ovata, spira brevi, turrita,
apice acuta ; anfractibus superné angulatis, longitudi-
naliter oblique costatis, interstitiis cavis, subtiliter
striatis.
THe DWARF Maneeuia. Shell ovate, spire short, tur-
reted, sharp at the apex; whorls angulated round the
upper part, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, interstices
hollow, finely striated.
REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippimes (found in sandy
mud at the depth of twenty five fathoms); Cuming.
The spire is of a peculiar short dwarf-like character,
though sharp at the apex.
abyssicola, Reeve ...........-.
CNTR TE 6 oo eG dun6 bo be on
Axmuillbrania, 25 6565000000008
AGM Ws Seem dege boSmeras
RCI. Ufo eaeede 6 oumtte oe
nalteatarede aeockes cciea
Bertrandi (Plewr.), Payr. .....
bicolor; Reeve’... ...-02----
capillacea, 2d.
CRIED ULE ae OMe ero MIRO So TEE
Castanea 7m eta toe hon ieee ci
CNGHOO, Uh s660006n0deGce
celebensis, Hinds
CGN, IIR Gaooo once ae eo oe
cinmamomea, Hinds ..........
citharella (Cancell.), Lam. ....
Columbelloides, Reeve ........
Coniformis, Gray .........
Conohelicoides, Reeve ........
COLONALae He INdS seine eee
erassilabrum, Reeve ..........
cylindrica, 7d.
GATE, HS pos asonbdcaceax
CIEKEIG 7/50 ee meee mpi
Dy SOnigd, etna ete Secs:
GEE, 5 combeksboGuoapne
LASCIALAN AA EER ier worry e
RUIN DUIS 1s i fens, wisi aes on
iunor(enlkiel Wh Song coennocene
UGG, (ib bo bhoohesnones
MOORES UE apis Boe cee oes
GoodalliiiGragi. se:
REO, JUAS Soe ne ounce ee
Ginnannia, Risso... .......-
Hornbeckii, Reeve ...........
Species 14. For M. virrata—read M. oBesa, stout.
MANGELIA.
[Temporary Index.
“30 | WAHT cocoagsonooons
62 INNA oo bolSacconobadae
4 lame] latann.d eee eee
59 livid ai7d ae. Pack aan oie
60 Lyra: 20 8js, jovsyes nasttet ares suas
56 lyricayitds cai tscain eee
46 HEGEL poo tdeoso beeen
31 Marginelloides, 7d.
10 MAM ONOSANt Aer reeere
55 MEME UL os cope
48 Novee-Hollandie, 7d. ........
8 obeliscuss7d4=5 seer
49 Obesancd Ge rata ec re ee
69 Oa daiS eoapouconocot dc
39 pallidayeiizevel se ae nacre e
5 Mellticidast7d serene ae
24 essulatancd smear
67 planilabrum, 7d.
25 ONCE, ociooo cou o6 be
DI ee pulchellasncd seer etee
36 | IE ihe Bene 5.6 GNcia on oO OCI
|] pansies, 76 oc a oe ac
C6m | epyramidalis; dsr eee
70 reticulata, 2d.
29 TOI aids ert eM
41 | Sicula, 7d. .....-
x
Howe Ro
HFPorwonrnwyw
a=
or
SS
~)
ERRATUM.
Soliday tdiat).;. ety ean
Stromboides, id. ............
(ese Uh Sa Rech no dae ne De
WMI A aaononnencedan
WME, Ws oman duns suede
Vitibatisw i a7 Supe cts yan estonia
erallhihinn MVE & hananoonne oc
HAWNOR Wh npocoesonosboe
FADIA EL Suducobbacanéob xe
16
MONOGRAPH
ees ile UA Ag
“Ts not the sea
With various living creatures, and the air
Replenished, and all these at thy command ?”—IJL/ton
‘Sowerby, del. et ith
Reeve, ump.
PURPURA.
Prate I.
Genus Purpura, Lamarck.
Testa ovata vel oblongo-ovata, plerumque nodulosa vel tuber-
culata, spird brevi, anfractu ultimo tumido, plus minusve
inflatd, apertura dilatatd, fauce sepissimé suleatd ; bast
emarginatd ; columella plus minusve depresso-pland ;
labro plerumque denticulato.
Shell ovate, or oblong-ovate, generally nodulous or tuber-
culated, spire short, last whorl swollen, more or less
inflated, aperture dilated, interior most frequently
grooved; base emarginated; columella more or less
depressly flattened; lip generally denticulated.
The terms Kypué, Murex, and Wop Pipa, Purpura, were
used indiscriminately by ancient Greek writers in reference
to all mollusks yielding a purple juice, and they became
objects of especial interest in that remote age, on account
of the limited sources then known of obtaining colour.
Who has not heard of the purple dye produced by the
©Tyrius murex’ of Ovid, (Murex trunculus Linn.)? which
no doubt abounded on the shores of the ancient Pheenician
city of Tyros.
The purple juice of the mollusk affords, however, no
assistance to the systematist; it abounds alike in animals
of very dissimilar character; in Scalaria and Tanthina, as
well as in Murex and Purpura; hence the term Purpura
was adopted by Lamarck to distinguish the genus under
consideration, regardless of any property with which the
animal might be endowed of secreting a purple juice. The
most striking feature in the soft parts of Purpura is that
of the head being a little flattened, and prolonged at each
extremity into the tentacles, without any prominence in
the centre; approximating in this respect to Buccinum.
The tentacles are pedunculated to generally two thirds of
their extent, and at the summit of the pedunculated portion
are the eyes. The operculum which the animal carries on
the hind extremity of its disk, is invariably horny, and fits
closely to the aperture of the shell.
The shell of Purpura is mainly distinguished by an
ovate dilated growth, emarginated at the base, with a more
or less flattened columella, the spire being sometimes ex-
tremely short, sometimes a little acuminated. There are
three closely allied genera, Concholepas, Monoceros, and
Ricinula, which the French authors propose to fuse into
the present; I have not considered it prudent, however,
to follow this course, as they afford good typical dis-
tinctions, whilst their amalgamation under the head of
Purpura would only tend to confusion by involving a
change of names.
The Purpure vary exceedingly in their detail of sculp-
ture, but are somewhat constant in colour; the well-known
P. lapillus of Europe varies, however, in both respects to
an almost inconceivable degree; indeed, no one who has
not thoroughly examined a numerous series of specimens
can form an adequate idea of its Protean character.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura ECHINULATA. Purp. testd ovatd, subventricosd,
spira brevi, transversim tenuissime striatd et squamoso-
tuberculatd, tuberculis subechinulatis ; columella latius-
culd, concavd; aperturaé ampli, dilatatd, superné
canaliculatd, fauce liratd, liris distantibus ; luteo-albi-
cante, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-lutescenti-
bus, liris albidis.
THE PRICKLY PurpPuRa. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
spire short, transversely very finely striated and squa-
mosely tuberculated, tubercles somewhat prickly ;
columella rather broad, concave; aperture large,
dilated, canaliculated at the upper part, interior
ridged, ridges distant; yellowish white, columella
and interior of the aperture orange yellow, ridges
whitish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 84.
Eadem, (fide Deshayes), Purpura mancinelloides De
Blainville.
Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming.
The aperture of this species is larger and more dilated
than that of the P. mancinella.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA MANCINELLA. Purp. testi ovatd, crassiusculd,
spira brevi, transversim tenuissimé striatd et costatd,
costis distantibus, angustis, compresso-nodosis ; apertura
superne canaliculata, fauce lineata, lineis elevatis, con-
fertis ; luteo-albicante, nodis interdum rufo-fuscis, colu-
mellé lutescente, aperture fauce rufo-aurantid, lineis
saturatioribus.
THE PIMPLED Purpura. Shell ovate, rather thick, spire
short, transversely very finely striated and ribbed, ribs
distant, narrow, compressly noduled; aperture cana-
liculated at the upper part, interior lineated, lines
elevated and close-set; yellowish white, nodules
October, 1846.
PURPURA.—Piate I.
sometimes reddish-brown, columella yellowish, inte-
rior of the aperture reddish-orange, lines of a darker
colour.
Murex mancinella, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.)
p. 1219.
Purpura gemmulata, Enc. Meth.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its lineated aperture.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA PATULA. Purp. testd ovata, depressi, spird brevis-
simd, transversim liratd et costatd, costis rude et irregu-
lariter tuberculatd; columelld lata, plano-concavd, aper-
turd amplissimd patuldque, superne canaliculatd, labro
intus sulcato et crenato ; ceruleo-fuscescente, costis livis-
que nigricantibus, columella rufa, macula fused elliptico-
semilunari superne pictd, labri sulcis nigricante-fuscis.
OPEN-MOUTHED Purpura. Shell ovate, depressed,
spire very short, transversely ridged and ribbed, ribs
rudely and irregularly tubercled; columella broad,
flatly concave, aperture very large and open, canali-
culated at the upper part, lip grooved and crenated
within ; blueish brown, ribs and ridges blackish, colu-
mella red, painted at the upper part with an elliptico-
semilunar brown spot, grooves of the lip blackish
brown.
Buecinum patulum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.)
p. 1262.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
THE
This well-known species is a most characteristic example
of the patulous series of the genus.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Consun. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovatd, spird
conico-acutd, anfractibus transversim tenuissime sulcatis
et striatis, superné concavo-depressis, tuberculis gran-
dibus, erectis, ad angulum uniseriatim armatis ; aper-
turd parviusculd, fauce labrum versus suleatd ; albido-
fuscescente, nigrilineatd, columella et aperture fauce
aurantio-rujis.
Tur ConsuL Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, spire coni-
cally acute, whorls transversely very finely grooved
and striated, concavely depressed round the upper
part, armed at the angle with a row of large erect
tubercles; aperture rather small, interior grooved
towards the lip; whitish brown, crossed with black
lines, columella and interior of the aperture orange-
red.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 63.
Murex Consul, Chemnitz.
Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (on the reefs);
Cuming.
The difference between the P. Consul and gigantea,
which have been confounded together, is sufficiently appa-
rent in Chemnitz’s figures of them, cited by Lamarck,
under the head of the former.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura BrmacuLatTa. Purp. testd ovatd, crassa, solidé,
spird brevi, anfractibus superne depressis, transversim
tenuissime sulcatis et striatis, tuberculorum seriebus
duabus tribusve seriatim armatis ; albidd, fuscescente
tinctd, columella et aperture fauce niveis, tuberculis
intus peculiariter nigricante-fuscis.
THE DOUBLE-SPOTTED PurPURA. Shell ovate, thick, solid.
spire short, whorls depressed round the upper part.
finely grooved and striated, and armed with two 0)
three rows of tubercles; white, staimed with light
brown, columella and interior of the aperture snow)
white,tubercles blackish-brown within.
Jonas. (Hamburgh), MSS.
Hab. Zanzibar.
This species exhibits a curious black-spotted appearance
from the tubercles being of a blackish brown colour within ;
they are covered by a superimposed layer of white, during
the growth of the shell, but it becomes more or less wort
off by friction or erosion.
Parpure. L7,
EP Wen PiU Ay.
Puate II.
Species 6, (Mus. Cuming.)
PurpuRA HAUSTRUM. Purp. testé ovatd,basi subattenuatd,
spira brevissind; transversim irregulariter inciso-
striata; apertura perampla, columella lata, oblique
planata, labro tenui, minute denticulato ; extus cinereo-
nigricante, columella intusque carulescente-albd.
Tue scoop Purpura. Shell ovate, somewhat attenuated
at the base, spire very short ; transversely irregularly
engraved with striz; aperture very large, columella
broad, obliquely flattened, lip thin, finely denticu-
lated; exterior ashy-black, columella and interior
blueish white.
Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l Astrolabe, Zoologie, v. ii.
p- 554. pl. 37. f. 4 to 8.
Buccinum haustrum, Martyn.
Buccinum hauritorium, Chemnitz.
Buccinum haustorium, Gmelin.
Hab. New Zealand.
We are indebted to M. Quoy, the enterprising naturalist
of the Astrolabe, for having rescued this species from the
obscurity into which it had fallen in the hands of Lamarck.
It was first described and admirably figured, during the
last century, by our countryman Martyn in his ‘ Universal
Conchology,’ under the name of Buccinum haustrum, or
‘Water Scoop Whelk, from New Zealand’; Chemnitz
afterwards published an excellent figure and description of
the species with the name of Buccinum hauritorium, making
a needless change in its specific appellation. Lamarck,
who was evidently unacquainted with the Purpura haus-
trum, confounded it with the Purpura persica, quoting the
foregoing names as synonymes of that species; a glance
at the accompaning figures will, however, show that it is
unecessary to institute a comparison.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura BuFO. Purp. testé suborbiculari-ovatd, crassd,
spirad brevissimad, plus minusve depressd, transversim
meiso-striatd et tuberculis subdistantibus, nunc promi-
nentibus, nunc fere obsoletis, seriatim armaté; colu-
mellé subconcavd, callositate insigni superné munité,
labro minute denticulato, superné conspicué sinuato ;
extus nigricante-fusco lineata, columellé et aperture
Sauce rufescente-luteis.
THE ToaD Purpura. Shell somewhat orbicularly ovate,
thick, spire very short, more or less depressed, trans-
versely deeply striated, and ornamented with rows of
rather distant tubercles, which are sometimes promi-
nent, sometimes almost obsolete; columella rather
concave, furnished at the upper part with a remark-
able callosity; lip minutely denticulated, conspicu-
ously sinuated at the upper part; exterior lineated
with blackish brown, columella and interior of the
aperture reddish yellow.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), v.x. p. 69.
Variety B.
Testa spira depressiore, tuberculorum seriebus suprema et
infima prominentibus, callositate crassiore.
Shell with the spire more depressed, the uppermost and
lowest row of tubercles more prominent, and the
callosity thicker.
Purpura callosa, Lamarck.
Purpura tumida, Schubert and Wagner.
Hab. Island ot Corrigidor, mouth of the Bay of Manila
(on rocks at low water); Cuming.
M. Deshayes charges M. Kiener, in a note at page 70
of his edition of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres’, of having
confounded Lamarck’s Purpura callosa with his P. bufo ;
I cannot, however, agree with the learned editor on this
subject. After a careful comparison of the shells with
Lamarck’s description, coupled with an examination of the
figures of Petiver and Seba, I am forced to the conclusion
that they are the same species in different states.
M. Kiener describes the Purpura centiquadrata, Duclos,
as being the young of this species, whilst M. Deshayes, on
the other hand, considers it distinct; not having as yet
obtained access to the work in which M. Duclos’ mono-
graph occurs, I am unable at present to offer an opinion.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
PurpurRA PERSICA. Purp. testa ovata, basi leviter attenuatd,
spird brevi, transversim inciso-striatd, striis regularibus,
liris intermediis subplanulatis, anfractibus parte supe-
riori obsolete biseriatim nodulosé; columella medio
longitudinaliter excavatd, apertura perampla, labro
simplici, subtiliter denticulato, superné late sinuato ;
cinereo-fuscd, zonis albidis fusco-articulatis angustis
subdistantibus cingulatd, columella rubido-luted, aper-
ture fauce rufo-albicante, rufo-lineata.
July, 1846.
PURPURA.—Ptate II.
THE PRINCELY Purpura. Shell ovate, slightly attenuated
at the base, spire short, transversely deeply striated,
strie regular, intermediate ridges rather flattened,
upper part of the whorls encircled with two rows of
obsolete nodules ; columella longitudinally excavated,
aperture very large, lip simple, finely denticulated,
broadly sinuated at the upper part; ashy brown,
encircled with narrow distant white zones articulated
with brown, columella reddish yellow, interior of the
aperture pinkish white, ornamented with numerous
radiating red lines.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 59.
Buccinum persicum, Linnzeus.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water ); Cuming.
The narrow articulated brown and white zones which
constitute so characteristic a feature in this well-known
species, seem to have a tendency to become nodulous
throughout; although nodules are only apparent in the
two uppermost zones which encircle the spire.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA COLUMELLARIS.
crassa, spird breviusculd ; transversim costatd et liratd,
Purp. testa suboblongo-ovatd,
costis rudé nodulosis ; columelld latd, leviter excavatd,
medio obsolete uniplicata, labro denticulato et sulcato,
dentibus interioribus binis ; nigricante-fuscd, columella
et aperture margine rufescentibus, fauce rufescente,
interdum lirata.
THE COLUMELLAR PurPuRA. Shell rather oblong-ovate,
thick, spire rather short; transversely ribbed and
ridged, ribs rudely noduled ; columella broad, slightly
excavated, with a single almost obsolete plait in the
middle, lip denticulated and grooved, inner teeth in
pairs; blackish brown, columella and edge of the
aperture reddish, interior reddish-white, sometimes
ridged.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. x. p. 62.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands (on exposed rocks at low water) ;
Cuming.
Distinguished by its solid nodulous structure, and
strongly grooved and denticulated lip.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Rupouput. Purp. testé suboblongo-ovati, basem
versus attenuata, spird breviusculd ; anfractibus su-
perne subangulatis, transversim inciso-striatis, zonis ob-
tuse nodiferis subdistantibus infra angulum cingulatis ;
columella longitudinaliter suleata, labro simplici, su-
perne sinuato, minute denticulato ; fusco-nigricante,
maculis luteo-albicantibus irreqgulariter aspersd ; colu-
melld rufescente, aperture fauce albidd, rufescente
lineata.
Rupoten’s Purpura. Shell rather oblong-ovate, atten-
uated towards the base, spire rather short; whorls
slightly angulated round the upper part, transversely
deeply striated, encircled beneath the angle with
rather distant obtusely nodiferous zones; columella
longitudinally grooved, lip simple, sinuated at the
upper part, minutely denticulated ; brownish black,
nregularly sprinkled with yellowish-white spots,
columella reddish, interior of the aperture whitish,
lineated with red.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 60.
Hab. Matnog, Province of Albay, Island of Luzon, Philip-
pines (on exposed rocks at low water ); Cuming.
The characters of this species present a sort of confused
modification of those of the Purpura persica; the trans-
verse zones are broader and most irregularly articulated,
and the nodules are of a rude blunted growth.
q -
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Furpura Fl
Sowerby, del et lth.
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PURPURA.
Prate III.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura AscENSIONIS.
solidd, spird plano-depressa ; levigaté aut subtiliter
Purp. testé globosd, crass, per-
striata ; columellé latissimd, plano-concavd, labro mi-
nute denticulato, superné canaliculato ; extus transver-
sim subtilissimé castaneo-striatd, intus eburned, colu-
mellé eburned, maculis atris tribus aut pluribus aut
minoribus conspicue notaté.
Tue Ascension Purpura. Shell globose, thick, very
solid, spire flatly depressed ; smooth or finely striated ;
columella very broad, flatly concave, hp minutely
denticulated, channelled at the upper part; exterior
transversely very finely striated with chesnut brown,
interior ivory white, columella ivory white, conspi-
cuously with three, more or less, jet black spots.
Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, Zool. vol. ii.
p- 559. pl. 37. f. 20 to 23.
Murex Mega (pars), Martini.
Hab. Island of Ascension, Atlantic (on rocks at low
water).
I am not surprised that Martini should have represented
this, and the following species, under one name; it may be
more convenient to preserve the distinction assigned to
them by M. Quoy, but, that they are extreme modifica-
tions of the same thing I have no doubt ; I attach greater
importance to the brown hair-like lines which characterize
these species, than to the presence or absence of tubercles.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura NpRItTorpea.
tricosd, crassiusculd, spird brevissimd, depressd ; trans-
Purp. testd, suborbiculari, ven-
versim striatd, tuberculis solidis prominentibus seriatim
cinctd ; columelld latd, concavo-planatd ; albidd, lineis
subtilibus castaneis plus minusve pictd, aperture fauce
eburned, maculis atris tribus aut pluribus aut minoribus
notata.
Tue Nouritn-Ltike Purpura. Shell nearly orbicular,
ventricose, rather thick, spire very short, depressed ;
transversely striated, encircled with rows of promi-
nent solid tubercles; columella broad, concavely
flattened ; white, more or less painted with fine
chesnut lines, interior of the aperture ivory white,
columella ivory white, marked with three, more or
less, jet black spots.
DesnHayes, Anim. sans vert. v. x, p. 70. note
Purpura Neritoides, Lamarck.
Murex Neritoideus, Linneeus (12th. ed. Syst. Nat.).
Nerita nodosa, Linneus (10th. edit. Syst. Nat.).
Murex Mega, (pars altera), Martini.
Murex fucus, Gmelin.
Purpura fucus, Sowerby, De Blainville.
Hab, Island of St. Vincent, Cape de Verds.
The confusion indicated by the above synonymes arises
mainly from the circumstance of Linneeus having referred,
for the illustration of his Murex Neritoideus, to figures of the
Ricinula horrida, as well as of the shell under considera-
tion; M. Deshayes clearly shows, however, that Gmelin
and his followers are in error, the character “ columella
planiusculd”’ used by Linnzeus, being quite inapplicable to
that species.
Species. 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Hystrix. Purp. testa ovato-globosd, subventri-
cosd, umbilicatd, spird breviusculd, acuminata ; squa-
mis grandibus spiniformibus fornicatis seriatim ornata ;
subtiliter liratd, liris minutissime squamatis, columella
convexd, basi exiliter rugata, labro intus denticulato ;
lutescente, columella et aperture fauce roseis.
PORCUPINE PurpuRA. Shell ovately globose, slightly
ventricose, umbilicated, spire short,
Tur
acuminated ;
ornamented with rows of large prominent spiniform
vaulted scales, transversely finely ridged, ridges very
minutely scaled; columella convex, faintly wrinkled
at the base, lip toothed within ; yellowish, columella
and interior of the aperture rich pink.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. x. p. 85.
Murex hystrix, Linnzus.
Eadem Purpura spathulifera, De Blainville (according
to M. Kiener).
Hab. Island of Annaa, south Pacific Ocean (on the coral
reefs at low water) ; Cuming.
This species is one of those intermediate states between
Purpura and Ricinula, which have induced some of the
continental naturalists to combine the two genera in one.
Although it may be referred with equal propriety to either,
I think it convenient to perpetuate the generic appellations
of Lamarck ; all limitations of genera become less defined,
as the links which are wanting in the chain of affinity
become revealed to observation ; if this system of fusion
were followed out, the nomenclature would be completely
overthrown.
July, 1846.
PURPURA.—Ptate III.
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
PuRPURA PLANOSPIRA. Purp. testa orbiculari-ovatd,
spird plano-depressd ; transversim squamicostatd, costis
subdistantibus, interstitiis obtuso-liratis, columella medio
profunde excavatd, labri margine sulcato ; extus pallide
rubido-fusca, columella alba, maculd oblonga nigra medio
notatd, infra rugis rufis conspicué tinctd, aperture
fauce albicante, rufo-lineatd, lineis marginem versus
saturatioribus.
THE FLAT-SPIRE PuRPURA. Shell orbicularly ovate, spire
flatly depressed ; transversely scale-ribbed, ribs rather
distant, interstices obtusely ridged, columella deeply
excavated in the middle, edge of the lip grooved; ex-
terior pale reddish-brown, columella white, marked
in the centre with an oblong black spot, conspicuously
stained beneath with red wrinkles, interior of the
aperture whitish, lneated with red, lines deeper red
towards the margin.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) v. x. p. 71.
Purpura lineata, Enc. Méth.
Hab. James Island, Gallapagos (on exposed rocks);
Cuming.
Several specimens of this remarkable shell were collected
by Mr. Cuming at the island above noted; and he never
met with it in the course of his researches at any other
locality.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura APERTA. Purp. testa orbiculari-ovatd, basem ver-
sus subattenuatd, transversim tuberculatd, tuberculis
squameformibus, prominentibus, in seriebus subdistan-
tibus, interstitiis subtiliter liratis ; columelld concavo-
planata, rugis perpaucis brevibus notata, labro sulcato,
intus tenuidenticulato; albicante, punctis castaneis
obscure tinctd, columella et aperture fauce albis, colu-
melle rugarum interstitiis labrique sulcis pallide rubido-
luteis.
THe oppN Purpura. Shell orbicularly ovate, a little
attenuated towards the base, transversely tuberculated,
tubercles, scale-like, prominent, in rather distant rows,
the interstices between which are finely ridged ; colu-
mella concavely flattened, marked with a very few
short wrinkles, lip grooved, finely denticulated within ;
whitish, insterstices between the wrinkles of the
columella, and grooves of the lip, palely stained with
reddish yellow.
De Brainvitie, Nouv. Ann. du mus.
Purpura macrostoma (?), Conrad.
Hab. San Carlos, Central America.
A very characteristic and well-defined species, which
does not appear to have been known to Lamarck. The
shell described and figured by M. Kiener as a variety, is
merely the same thing in a bad state of preservation.
Px vas * ‘
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PURPURA.
Piate IV,
Species 16. (Fig. a and 4 Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura pucoinga. Purp. testa suboblongo-fusiformi,
longitudinaliter obsolete costatd, costis latis, transversim
undique liratd, liris angustis, aculis, hic illic, subaqui-
i distanter, majoribus, columelld obtus? uniplicatd, aper-
‘@ fauce subtiliter radiatim lirata ; fused, liris majo-
ribus fusco saturatiore alboque nitide articulatis, aper-
turd fuscescente-albida.
Tue BucoINoID Purpura. Shell somewhat oblong,
- fusiform, longitudinally obsoletely ribbed, ribs broad,
( transversely ridged throughout, ridges narrow, acute,
here and there, nearly equidistantly, larger, columella
y obtusely one-plaited, interior of the aperture finely
radiately ridged ; brown, larger ridges neatly articu-
lated with white and darker brown, aperture brownish
white.
Desnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 92.
Purpura striata, Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. New Guinea.
An aberrant species of the genus, but possessing an
bundance of character. The columella has a strong ob-
tuse plait upon it, and the shell is encircled round the
upper part by three narrow articulated fillets.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura GIGANTEA. Purp. testé subquadrato-ovata, spira
peculiariter acuminata, transversim irregulariter subli-
lissimeé suleata, anfractibus superne uni- vel bi-seriatim
tuberculatis, tuberculis peculiariter rotundatis et obtusis,
apertura perampla, margine intus inerso-suleato ; oli-
vaceo-fuscescente, suleis saturatioribus, columella et
aperture fauce aurantio-rupis.
THE GIGANTIC Purpura. Shell somewhat squarely ovate,
spire peculiarly acuminated, transversely irregularly
very finely grooved, whorls encircled round the upper
part with one or two rows of blunt peculiarly rounded
tubercles, aperture very large, edge sharply grooved
within; pale olive brown, grooves of a dark tinge,
columella and interior of the aperture orange-red.
Buceinum hemastoma, Chemnitz (not of Linnzus),
vol. xi. pl. 187. f. 1796-7.
Purpura consul, Kiener (not of Lamarck).
?
Hab.
It will be seen by the above arrangement of synonymes,
' that this magnificent species is neither the Buccinum he-
mastoma of Linneus, as supposed by Chemnitz, nor the
Purpura consul of Lamarck, as propounded by Kiener ;
the former (Pl. V. Fig. 21.) is an oval shell, encircled
throughout with rows of blunt tubercles, and fine dark
flattened stri«, the spire being only moderately elevated ;
the latter (Pl. I. Fig. 4.) is a broad abbreviated shell,
with a strong radiating series of prominent tubercles, and
a curiously acuminated conical spire. The shell under con-
sideration, differs from both these in being of a more ob-
long-square form, with a peculiarly elevated acuminated
spire, the tubercles though prominent, are of a rounded
pimple-like character, and one of the most characteristic
features of the species, consists in the surface being en-
circled throughout with finely engraved grooves, which are
the most prominently developed on the summit of the tu-
hercles.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura DELrorpEA. Purp. testa abbreviato-ovald, crassa,
ponderosi, transversim impresso-striatd, tuberculis soli-
dis subdistontibus coronatd ; castaneo-niyriconte, basi
albicante, tuberculis albizonatis, columella pallide pur-
pure.
Tue pevrorp Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, thick,
ponderous, transversely impressly striated, coronated
with solid, rather distant, tubercles; dark chesnut
black, base whitish, tubercles marked with a white
zone, columella faintly stained with purple.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 85.
Hah. Jamaica; Dr. Adams.
Distinguished from the following species with which we
are more familiar, by its spiral ridge of tubercles.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura MeLoNeEs. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovala, crassa,
ponderosa, spird brevissima, transver sim impr esso-striata,
mutica; castaneo-nigricante, albo varia, columella lutes-
cente, purpureo Vincta, apertura lutescente.
THe MELON Purpura. Shell shortly ovate, thick, pon-
derous, spire very short, transversely impressly
striated, smooth; dark chesnut-black, variegated with
white, columella yellowish, stained with purple, aper-
ture yellowish.
Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. 1832. Pl. 1. fig. 2.
Purpura crassa, De Plainville.
Hah. Monte Christi, West Columbia (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
One of the few species of the genus which are desti-
tute of tubercles.
August, 1846.
Lurpura. F.¥.
Reeve, 16
12) dial eal Bil teia
PLATE V.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
PuRPURA INERMA. Purp. testd rotundato-ovatd, ventricosd,
spird acutd, transversim creberrime subtilissimé liraté,
liris striis longitudinalibus decussatis, apertura sub-
ampld, labro tenuiculo, intus inciso-sulcato ; cinereo-
olivaced, liris maculis albis hic illic sparsim ornatis,
columella et aperture fauce rufescente-aurantiis.
THE UNARMED Purpura. Shell rotundately ovate, ven-
tricose, spire sharp, transversely very closely and
finely ridged, ridges decussated with longitudinal
strie, aperture rather large, lip rather thin, sharply
erooved within; ashy olive, ridges sparingly orna-
mented here and there with white spots, columella
and interior of the aperture reddish orange.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. ?
This is probably one of those species which M. Kiener
has confounded together, under the title of Purpura cata-
racta, neither of which have the slightest reference to the
Buccinum cataracta of Chemnitz. I cannot identify it
with any species hitherto recorded, and am unable to say
whether it is ever tuberculated; there is no indication of
tubercles in the specimen before me, and it has a very pe-
culiar style of colouring, the ridges being marked here and
there in a very ivegular manner, with oblong white spots.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura H@MasTOMA. Purp. testé ovata, spird conicd,
anfractibus superne concavis, transversim planistriatis
et quadriseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis rotundatis ob-
tusis, basem versus obsoletioribus, columella levigata
apertura oblonga, superné subconspicue sinuatd, labro
intus inciso-sulcato ; olivaceo-fuscd, striis nigrican-
tibus, columella et aperture fauce viride aurantio-rujis.
.THE RED-MouTH PurRpPURA. Shell ovate, spire conical,
whorls concave round the upper part, transversely
flatly ridged and encircled with four rows of tubercles,
which are blunt, rounded, and more obsolete as they
approach the base, columella smooth, aperture oblong,
rather conspicuously sinuated at the upper part, lip
sharply grooved within; olive-brown, striz blackish,
columella and interior of the aperture bright orange-
red,
Buccinum hemastoma, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th
edit.) p. 1202.
Eadem? Purpura cornuta, Menke.
Hab. Mediterranean.
T am inclined to think with M. Deshayes, that this spe-
cies is confined to the Mediterranean and Atlantic shores
of Europe, concluding that where a more southern locality
is quoted, as in the ‘ Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes,’
the author has, probaby, had some allied species before him,
(such as the P. ochrostoma, for example) the specific pecu-
liarities of which he has failed to discrimmate.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA CHOCOLATUM. Purp. testé subabbreviato-ovatd,
turgidd, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, undi-
que creberrime et subtilissime inciso-striatis, tuberculis
grandibus, subdistantibus, ad angulum armatis, colu-
mellé concavd, labro tenui, intus inciso-sulcato ; extus
chocolato-fuscd, columelld aurantio-rufa, labro intus
chocolato-fusco.
THE CHOCOLATE-BROWN PurPURA. Shell somewhat
shortly ovate, swollen, whorls concavely depressed at
the upper part, very closely and finely deeply striated
throughout, armed with large rather distant tubercles
at the angle, columella concave, hp thin, sharply
erooved within ; exterior dark chocolate brown, colu-
mella orange-red, lip chocolate brown within.
Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. vol. xvi. pl. 2. f. 7.
Hab. Bay of Callao, Peru (found in sandy mud at the
depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming.
An extremely characteristic species, and so distinct from
any other yet described that it is impossible to find any
difficulty in recognizing it.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura succincta. Purp. testd ovatd, spirdé plus mi-
nusve elevatd, anfractibus sic plus minusve intrusis,
transversim undique costatd, costis prominentibus, ru-
gosis, obsolete squamatis, interstitiis profunde excavatis,
striatis, costé minore raro interveniente ; sordidé lutes-
cente-alba.
THE ENCIRCLED PurpuRA. Shell ovate, spire more or
less elevated, whorls accordingly more or less thrust
August, 1846.
PURPURA.—P tate V.
inwards, transversely ribbed throughout, ribs promi-
nent, rugose, obsoletely squamate, interstices deeply
excavated, striated, with rarely a small intervening
rib; dull yellowish white.
Buccinum succinctum, Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. 2.
pl. 45.
Buccinum orbita, Chemnitz.
Buccinum lacunosum, Bruguitre.
Buccinum bicostatum, Bruguiére.
Variety 8.
Testa parva, elongatior, costarum interstitiis laminis tenuibus
peculiariter decussatis.
Shell small, more elongated, with the interstices between
the ribs peculiarly crossed with thin lamine.
Buccinum striatum, Martyn.
Purpura rugosa, Lamarck.
Purpura striata, Deshayes.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
The Purpura rugosa, Lamarck, of which M. Kiener has
omitted mention, is, I think, without doubt, a modified
state of the P. succincta, the extremes of which are beau-
tifully represented by Martyn, in the ‘ Universal Concho-
logy.’
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA XANTHOSTOMA. Purp. testd pyriformi-ovatd, ven-
tricosd, basi subelongatd et recurvd, anfractibus superne
angulatis, ad angulum plus minusve tuberculiferis, lon-
gitudinaliter obtuse plicato-costatis, transversim subti-
liter costatis, costis angustis, subdistantibus, interstitiis
liris minutis, vel obsolete, vel conspicué squamatis, cre-
berrime cingulatis, labro sepissimé intus denticulato ;
albd, columella et aperture fauce lutescente-lacteis.
THE YELLOW-MouTH PurPURA. Shell pyriformly ovate,
ventricose, rather elongated and recurved at the base,
whorls angulated at the upper part, more or less tu-
bercled at the angle, longitudinally obtusely plicately
ribbed, transversely finely ribbed, ribs narrow, rather
distant, interstices closely encircled with minute ridges
sometimes obsoletely, sometimes conspicuously scaled,
lip frequently denticulated within; white, columella
and interior of the aperture yellowish cream colour.
Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833.
Hab. Valparaiso (dredged from gravel and sand at various
depths, from seven to twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.
This is a most variable species both in form and sculp-
ture, and might be referred in its different states, with the
same propriety, either to the genera Pyrula or Fusus.
However unlikely it may appear, an affinity may certainly
be traced to the Fusus squamulosus of Philippi, mhabiting
the Mediterranean, the Purpura xanthostoma in a young and
highly sculptured condition, being of exactly similar form,
and almost as thickly beset with imbricating scales.
| if
”
Purpura, FLY,
Sowerby, del et hth
PURPURA.
Prater VI.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura coronata. Purp. testdé subglobosd, ventricosd,
basi umbilicatd, anfractibus triseriatim nodosis, superne
squamis callosis gibbosis ascendentibus coronatis; albi-
cante, lineis transversis fuscis conspicue picta, columella
et aperture fauce rufo-aurantiis.
THE coronateD PurPuRA. Shell somewhat globose,
yentricose, umbilicated at the base, whorls encircled
with three rows of nodules, coronated round the upper
part with callous swollen ascending scales; whitish,
conspicuously painted with transverse brown lines,
columella and interior of the aperture reddish orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 72.
Eadem. Purpura callifera, Lamarck.
Purpura Guinensis, Schubert and Wagner.
9
Hab.
The main feature of distinction in this species, consists
in the curious vaulted scales which are formed over the
suture. Frequently they are increased by a callous deposit
of semitransparent matter, having almost the appearance
of wax; which state is the Purpura callifera of Lamarck.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA CARINIFERA. Purp. ovatd, spiré acuminato-
turritd, anfractibus transversim carinatis et striatis,
medio angulato-tumidis et tuberculatis, apertura superne
sinuata ; cinereo-fuscescente, carinis striisque, columelld
et aperture fauce rufo-aurantiis.
THE KEELED Purpura. Shell ovate, spire acuminately
turreted, whorls transversely keeled and striated, an-
gularly swollen and tuberculated in the middle, aper-
ture sinnated at the upper part; ashy brown, keels,
strie, columella and interior of the aperture reddish
orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 73.
Hab. ?
It is the distinguishing feature of this species to have
two keels of a more prominent character than the rest, on
the middle and upper half of the whorls, each of which,
particularly the lower, is more or less tuberculated.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA ARMIGERA. Purp. testd ovatd, spird conico-
acuninatd, anfractibus superné depressiusculis, tuber-
culorum seriebus tribus aut pluribus cingulatis, tuber-
culis grandibus, crassis, obtusis, valde prominentibus,
columella et aperture fauce rosaceo-luteis.
THE ARMED Purpura. Shell ovate, spire conically acu-
minated, whorls rather depressed round the upper
part, encircled with three or more rows of tubercles,
tubercles large, thick, obtuse, very prominent, colu-
mella slightly wrinkled; white, encircled with yel-
lowish-brown bands between the rows of tubercles,
columella and interior of the aperture pinkish-yellow.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 64.
Buceinum armigerum, Chemnitz.
P)
Hah.
A well-known species, distinguished by its stout promi-
nent tubercles and elevated conical spire; the banded
painting is also peculiar.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
PurPuRA BicostaLts. Purp. testd ovatd, spird subacu-
minatd, anfractibus transversim undique impresso-stria-
tis, superne depressiusculis, costis duabus subobsoletis,
plus minusve tuberculiferis, cingulatis, columella oblique
plicato-rugosd, labro intus fortiter inciso-sulcato ; fus-
cescente, strigis flexuosis cinereo-olivaceis longitudina-
liter nebulatd, areis inter strias concinné fusco articu-
latis, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-rujis.
THE TWO-RIBBED PurPURA. Shell ovate, spire a little
acuminated, whorls transversely impressly striated
throughout, rather depressed at the upper part, en-
circled with two obsolete ribs, which are more or less
tuberculiferous, columella obliquely plicately wrinkled,
lip strongly sharply grooved within; light brown,
clouded longitudinally with ashy olive streaks, spaces
between the strie prettily articulated with brown,
columella and interior of the aperture orange-red.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 82.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (found on the rocks at
low water); Cuming.
This species, which is probably often confounded with
the P. hemastoma, may be distinguished in great measure
by its neat articulated painting.
August, 1846.
Lurpura. Fl
™
PURPURA.
Puate VII.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
PuRPURA LINEATA. Purp. testd ovatd, tenui, ventricosd,
spird breviusculd, acuta; anfractibus transversim un-
dique striatis, superné acuté angulatis, ad angulum pli-
cato-nodosis, nodis subcompressis, infra funiculis obsolete
nodiferis, subirregulariter distantibus, cingulatis ; aper-
turd ampla, fauce subtiliter liratd, labro tenui ; luteo-
albicante ; funiculis castaneis, columella labrique mar-
gine interna aurantio-rufis.
THE LINEATED PurPURA. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose,
spire rather short, acute ; whorls transversely striated
throughout, sharply angulated, plicately noduled at
the angle, nodules rather compressed, encircled be-
neath with rather irregularly distant cords, which are
obsoletely nodiferous ; aperture large, interior finely
ridged, lip thin; yellowish white, cords chesnut
brown, columella and inner side of the lip orange-red.
Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 115. pl. 33. f. 80,
Buceinum lineatum, Lamarck.
Hab. ——?
This remarkable shell which is admirably figured in the
‘ Encyclopedie Méthodique ’ Pl. 400 f. 6. a, 6. was included
by Lamarck in the genus Buccinum; M. Kiener has, how-
ever, very properly removed it to Purpura.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
PurPuRA IMPERIALIS. Purp. testd ovatd, basi ampliter
umbilicata, spird acute turritd ; anfractibus transversim
undique striatis, superne angulatis, spinis squameformi-
bus prominentibus subrecurvis conspicue biseriatim cinc-
tis, spinis apicem versus obsoletis ; luteo-albicante, aper-
ture fauce ceruleo-fusco subindistincte fasciata.
THE IMPERIAL Purpura. Shell ovate, largely umbili-
cated at the base, spire sharply turreted; whorls
transversely striated throughout, angulated at the
upper part, conspicuously encircled with two rows of
prominent scale-like spines a little recurved, spines
obsolete towards the apex; yellowish white, interior
of the aperture somewhat indistinctly banded with
blueish brown.
De Buarnvitie, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. vol. i. p. 227. pl. 11.
f. 6.
Hab. ——?
How M. Kiener can possibly discover any specifie rela-
tion between the shells which he has figured as varieties
under the above title, I cannot imagine. The P. impe-
rialis, which he correctly figures at Fig. 39. is allied rather
to the P. carinifera, the keels of that species being deve-
loped in this into a diadem of recurved spines; the shell
represented at Fig. 39. a, is of a different form, and ex-
hibits quite another design of sculpture.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura kiosquirormis. Purp. testé fusiformi-ovatd,
subscalariformi, transversim undique elevato-striatis,
anfractibus medio uni- vel biseriatim carinatis et tuber-
culatis, spire suturis profundis, lamellis crispatis erectis
concentricé decussatis, labro superne sinuato ; olivaceo-
viridi, albo vel cerulescente zonatd, aperture fauce in-
terdum fasciatda.
THE KIOSK-SHAPED Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate,
somewhat scalariform, transversely elevately striated
throughout, whorls encircled round the middle with
one or two keels and rows of tubercles, sutures of the
spire deep, concentrically crossed with erect crisped
lamelle, lip sinuated at the suture; olive-green,
zoned with white or pale blue, interior of the aperture
sometimes banded with black-brown.
Ductos, Annales Sci. Nat. vol. xxvi. pl. 1. f. 5.
Hab. Bay of Panama (on rocky places at low water);
Cuming.
The locality of New Holland cited by M. Kiener for
this species, is, I think, a very doubtful one; it was col-
lected by Mr. Cuming at the Bay of Panama.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura D’Orsienyt.
umbilicatd, anfractibus transversim liratis, liris promi-
Purp. testa fusiformi-ovata, basi
nentibus subdistantibus, superne convexo-angulatis, ad
angulum biseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis,
superioribus prominentioribus ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco,
apicem versus saturatiore, plus minusve tinctd, epider-
mide crassa fibrosd indutd, apertura alba.
D’Orsieny’s Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate, umbili-
cated at the base, whorls transversely ridged, ridges
prominent, rather distant, convexly angulated at the
upper part, encircled at the angle with two rows of
compressed tubercles, of which the upper are the
August, 1846.
PURPURA.— Prats VIL.
more prominent; white, more or less stained with
rusty brown which is darker towards the apex, and
covered with a thick fibrous epidermis, aperture
white.
Fusus Purpuroides, D’Orbigny, Voyage dans lAmé-
rique Méridionale, Pl. 63. Fig. 1.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks
at low water); Cuming.
Tinclude this species under the head of Purpura, in con-
quence of its unquestionable generic affinity with the P.
hiosquiformis, and dedicate it to the illustrious traveller
and naturalist, the adoption of whose specific name would
involve an inconsistent tantology.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA ECHINATA. Purp. testa ovata, basi wmbilicatéa,
anfractibus transversim undique elevato-striatis, striis
subtilissime squamatis, superné subangulatis, infra an-
gulum quadriseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis parvis, no-
diformibus ; extus pallidé rubiginoso-fuscd, intus alba.
THE PRICKLY PurPURA. Shell ovate, umbilicated at the
base, whorls transversely elevately striated through-
out, strie very finely scaled, slightly angulated at the
upper part, encircled beneath the angle with four
rows of small nodule-like tubercles; exterior pale
rusty brown, interior white.
De Buarnvit1e, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. pl. 11 f. 2.
Hab. ?
A very characteristic and well-defined species, quite dis-
tinet from the P. echinulata of Lamarck, of which M. Des-
hayes appears to have omitted mention.
Purpura L7. Fld
e)
Reeve, imi:
=. lath,
4
1El. €
LUIS Je BI Toate
Puate VIII.
Species 34. (Fig. a, 6, and c, Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura HIPPocAsTANUM. Mur. testd ovatd spird bre-
viusculd, interdum subelevatd, anfractibus superne leviter
angulatis, seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis fortibus, nunc
obtusis, nunc prominentibus, interareis impresso-striatis,
labro intus noduloso; extus albida, nigerrimo plus mi-
nusve tincté vel articulatd, columella et aperture fauce
purpureo-fusco radiatis.
THE HORSE-CHESNUT PurPuRA. Shell ovate, spire rather
short, sometimes a little elevated, whorls slightly an-
gulated round the upper part, encircled with rows of
tubercles, tubercles strong, sometimes obtuse, some-
times prominent, the interspaces being impressly
striated, lip noduled within; exterior whitish, more
or less stained and articulated with jet black, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture radiated with pur-
ple-brown,
Murex hippocastanum, Linneus.
- Hab. Fastern Seas, South Seas, Zanzibar, Ke.
I cannot agree with the principle advanced by my
esteemed friend, M. Deshayes, in his observations on the
Purpura hippocastanum, to the effect that any species of Lin-
nean origin should be abandoned that cannot be satisfac-
torily identified. The author of the ‘ Systema Nature’ had
but a meagre range of antiquated figures to refer to for
the illustration of his species, and he lived in a time when
not only comparatively few shells had been discovered, but
when the greater portion were collected dead upon the
shore, and in very imperfect condition. The case before
us is merely one of those instances in which Linnzeus, from
the miscellaneous character of his materials, included
several species under one specific head. It was his mis-
fortune, in the present case, to refer to figures which have
_ proved to be the representatives of different species, one of
which in Rumphius’ ‘ Thesaurus Imaginum’ Pl. 24. Fig. C.
a Purpura hystrix, is an error which appears to have es-
caped even the penetration of Lamarck. The reference
made by Linneus to Gualter’s great figure of the Pyrula
galeodes (Pl. 31. Fig. F.) is probably a typographical error,
for a figure resembling the shell under consideration,
occurs at Pl. 43. Fig. V. of the same work, as corrected by
Lamarck; it is a serious reflection on the genius and dis-
crimination of the learned Professor of Upsal to imply that
he could have simultaneously regarded the figures above
cited in Rumphius and Gualter as the representatives of
one and the same species. I think it is tolerably apparent
from the references of Linnzeus, that he included the Pur-
pure hippocastanum, bitubercularis, and pica under one spe-
cific head (Murex hippocastanum), and confounded them
with a dorsal figure of the P. hystrix; of these names the
first has been assigned by Lamarck to the shell under
review, and, although some confusion has arisen amongst
naturalists, through one taking one type, and another se-
lecting another, it is manifest that to abandon all on the
principle advanced by M. Deshayes, would only lead to
confusion worse confounded.
The P. hippocastanum is, perhaps, the most readily dis-
tinguished by a peculiarity in the arrangement of the colour-
ing matter, which is for the most part articulated in small
tessellated squares ranging between the engraved striz ;
there is, however, a dark variety represented at Fig. 34. a,
in which the articulation is lost in the overwhelming de-
posit of black colouring, in broad close concentric stripes.
Species 35. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Purpura LUTEOsTOMA. Purp. testé oblongo-ovatd, trans-
versim undique striatd, anfractibus superne angulatis,
infra seriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis obtusis, interdum
Jere obsoletis ; luteo-fuscescente, cinereo-nigricante lon-
gitudinaliter undatim pictd, columella et aperture
Sauce rufo-aurantiis.
Tur YELLOW-MouTH PurPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, trans-
versely striated throughout, whorls angulated at the
upper part, encircled with rows of tubercles beneath,
which are obtuse, and sometimes nearly obsolete ;
yellowish brown, painted with longitudinal waves of
ashy black, columella and interior of the aperture
reddish orange.
Desnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 98.
Buccinum luteostoma, Chemnitz, vol. xi. p. 83. pl. 187.
fy LS OOF
B
Hab.
An interesting species, distinguished by its elevated spire
and blueish tinge of colour.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA PICA.
tricosd, anfractibus superné angulatis, infra biseriatim
tuberculatis, tuberculis solidis, prominentibus, subdis-
Purp. testa ovatd, crassiusculd, subven-
tantibus, aperture fauce striata ; migro alboque con-
August, 1846.
PURPURA.—Prate VIII.
spicue variegatd, columella lutescente, rufo-fusco tincta,
aperturd lutescente, margine nigro tessellata.
THE MAGPIE PurPURA. Shell ovate, rather thick, some-
what ventricose, whorls angulated at the upper part,
encircled beneath with two rows of rather distant
prominent tubercles, interior of the aperture striated
with reddish brown, aperture yellowish, tessellated
with black at the margine.
De BLAINVILLE; Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 48. pl. 11.
fig. 31.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
The comparison of affinities which M. Kiener draws be-
tween this species and the P. armigera, is quite uncalled
for, the two species being far removed from each other ;
it approaches rather to the P. ditubercularis, but may be
distinguished by its broader and more ventricose shape,
and by the more solid and obtuse growth of the tubercles,
the aperture also differing in being striated.
Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA BITUBERCULARIS. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd,
transversim tmpresso-striatd, anfractibus superné sub-
angulatis, infra biseriatim tuberculatis, tuberculis acu-
minatis, muricatis, labro intus denticulato; extus
cinereo-nigricante, et luteo-albido csnspicué variegata,
apertura rufescente-aurantia.
THE DOUBLE-TUBERCLED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate,
transversely impressly striated, whorls slightly angu-
lated at the upper part, encircled beneath with two
rows of acuminated prickly tubercles, denticulated
within ; exterior conspicuously variegated with ashy
black and yellowish-white, aperture reddish-orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 64.
Purpura Kienerti, Deshayes.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
T consider M. Kiener perfectly correct in his illustration
of this species, and that his figure is in every respect iden-
tical with that of Seba.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA INTERMEDIA.
brevi, subacuminatd, anfractibus superné leviter depres-
sis, transversim tmpresso-striatis, seriatim obsolete tu-
berculatis, apertura subampla, labro plano-incrassato,
intus noduloso ; nigerrimd, areis inter tuberculos albi-
maculatis, columella labrique margine purpureo-fusco
tinctis.
THE INTERMEDIATE Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate,
spire short, a little acuminated, whorls slightly de-
pressed at the upper part, transversely impressly
striated, encircled with rows of obsolete tubercles,
aperture rather large, lip flatly thickened, nodulous
within; very black, spaces between the tubercles
blotched with white, columella and edge of the lip
stained with purple-brown.
Kener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 51. pl. 12. f. 34.
Hab. ?
An interesting well-defined species, quite distinct from
either of those between which M. Kiener has considered
it intermediate.
Purp. testé oblongo-ovatd, spiré
Tt
Purpura Fi L
A \
‘
ot
ra
AN
.\
RKeevermp
Sowerby del et lith
~
PURPURA.
PuateE IX.
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA THIARELLA. Purp. testd ovatd, subincrassatd,
spird breviusculd, angulato-acuminata, anfractibus
transversim subtiliter liratis, longitudinaliter subpli-
catis, superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum tubercu-
lato-coronatis ; cinereo-grised, columella albidd, aper-
ture fauce lutescente.
THE LITTLE CROWN Purpura. Shell ovate, somewhat
thickened, spire rather short, angularly acuminated,
whorls transversely ridged, longitudinally subplicated,
concavely angulated round the upper part, tuber-
cularly coronated at the angle; ashy grey, columella
whitish, interior of the aperture yellowish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 83.
Hab. Island of Vanikoro; Quoy.
Approaching very closely to the P. imperialis, but
constantly distinguishable by its more solid growth and
stouter and ruder form.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura caTaracta. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, Bucci-
niformi, scabrd, transversim subobsolete sulcatd, striis
longitudinalibus oblique decussantibus ; columella plano-
depressd, apertura inflatd ; griseo-albicante, strigis ni-
gricantibus, irregulariter undulatis, longitudinaliter
pictd, columella et aperture fauce purpureo-fuscis.
Tue cataract PurpurA. Shell oblong-ovate, Buccinum-
shaped, rough, transversely obsoletely grooved, with
longitudinal striz crossing obliquely ; columella flatly
depressed, aperture inflated ; greyish-white, painted
longitudinally with irregularly undulating black
streaks, columella and interior of the aperture purple-
brown.
Buccinum cataracta, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x.
p. 188. pl. 152. f. 1455.
Hab. ?
No author appears to have yet succeeded in identifying
the mysterious Buccinum cataracta of Chemnitz ; it is easy
to frame a description referring to it, as did Lamarck, or
to criticise the illustrations of others, as M. Deshayes has
very properly done, but the test of an author’s researches
is to produce the shell. M. Kiener in attempting this,
has unfortunately added to the confusion; in his mono-
graph of Purpura, he has figured at least two, if not three,
species for P. cataracta and varieties, not one of which
exhibits the slightest approach to Chemnitz’s figure, and
all presenting the ordinary character of a grooved aperture,
the absence of which in the Buccinum cataracta is one of
its distinguishing features. Again, on referrmg to M.
Kiener’s monograph of Buccinum, it will be found that he
has figured another totally different shell under the name
of B. Delalandi, referring, for the sake of illustration, to
Chemnitz’s figure of B. cataracta. If M. Kiener regarded
that shell as the species now under investigation, why
not have adopted Chemnitz’s name, instead of compli-
menting M. Delalande in opposition to the ordinary rules
of nomenclature? we are all liable to error, and to avoid
it is impossible, but the necessity for such a reiteration
of critical correction as the labours of this author invoke,
becomes irksome.
The specimen here described and figured for the P.
cataracta does not accord so intimately with Chemnitz’s
figure as could be wished, but I believe it to be the shell
intended, and leave others to form their own opinion of the
accuracy of my views. It is a rough shell, obscurely
erooved and striated, conspicuously and most irregularly
undulated with black upon a white ground, the columella
and interior of the aperture being perfectly smooth, and
of a chocolate or purple-brown colour.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
PurpurRA BLAINVILLIL.
minatd, anfractibus transversim nodoso-costatis, inter-
Purp. testé ovatd, spira subacu-
stitiis subtiliter liratis; columelld subangustd, labro
intus sulcato, margine denticulato ; apertura subin-
flatd ; fusca, columella albd, ferrugineo-rufo marginatd.
De Buarnvitie’s Purpura. Shell ovate, spire a little
acuminated, whorls transversely nodosely ribbed, in-
terstices finely ridged; columella rather narrow, lip
grooved within, denticulated at the margin ; aperture
a little inflated; brown, columella white, edged with
ferruginous red.
Dusnayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 93.
Purpura Callaoensis, De Blainville, Kiener, (not of
Gray).
Hab. Bay of Callao, Peru.
A light, rather delicately formed shell, in which the
columella is edged with dark red.
September, 1846.
PURPURA.—Ptate IX.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura mGrova. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, transversim
nodoso-costata et liraté, columella depressd, aperture
Sauce conspicue sulcatd ; sordide lacted, liris fuscescen-
tibus, labro intus eroceo-rufescente.
THe stcKLy Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, transversely
nodosely ribbed and ridged, columella depressed, in-
terior of the aperture conspicuously grooved; ding
cream colour, ridges tinged with light brown, lip
saffron-red within.
Hab. New Holland.
A very characteristie species, from New Holland, of
which several specimens have been recently collected by
Mr. Jukes, during the surveying expedition of H. M. S.
“The Fly.’ It approaches nearest to the P. hemastoma,
but is of a different style of sculpture, and always charac-
terized by a pallid tone of colouring.
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura unpata. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, utrinque
subattenuatd, spird angulato-acuminatd ; anfractibus
transversim subtiliter granoso-liratis, superne depressis,
transversim costatis, costis peculiariter compresso-
tuberculatis ; albo et cinereo-fusco longitudinaliter un-
datim pictd, costis hic illic lutescentibus, columella et
aperture fauce luteis.
THE waveD Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, a little
attenuated at each end, spire angularly acuminated ;
whorls transversely ribbed, ribs peculiarly compressly
tubercled ; painted longitudinally with waved ashy-
brown and white, ribs here and there yellowish,
columella and interior of the aperture yellow.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 67.
Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
Another example in which M. Kiener has figured dif-
ferent species as varieties; easily determined, however,
by its waved painting, and the compressed character of the
tubercles.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Fioripana. Purp. testa oblongo-ovatdé, utringue
conspicue attenuata, spird acuta; anfractibus superne
depressis et subtiliter nodosis, transversim undique cre-
berrimé liratis et suleatis; aperture fauce fortiter
suleatd ; ceruleo-grised, zonis luteis angustis indistineté
et irregulariter cingulatd, undulis nigricantibus longi-
tudinaliter subindistincté pictd, columella et aperture
Sauce aurantio-luteis.
THe FLorrpa Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, conspi-
cuously attenuated at both ends, spire sharp; whorls
depressed and finely noduled round the upper part,
transversely very closely ridged and grooved through-
out, interior of the aperture strongly grooved; blueish-
grey, indistinctly and irregularly encircled with narrow
yellow zones, and rather indistinctly painted with
blackish longitudinal waves, columella and interior of
the aperture orange-yellow.
Conrap, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vii.
pl. 20. f. 21.
Hab. Florida.
A shell of elongated growth with a row of fine nodules
round the upper portion of the whorls; of a blueish grey
colour, waved longitudinally with black streaks.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura FascraTa. Purp. testé oblongo-ovaté, spird
acuminata, exsertd, transversim subtiliter liratd et sul-
cata, labro minute denticulato; ceruleo-albicante, Sasciis
tribus angustis lutescentibus cingulatd, interstitiis ni-
gricante longitudinaliter undulatis, aperture fauce
albicante, prope marginem purpureo-radiata.
THE BANDED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, spire acu-
minated, exserted, transversely finely ridged and
grooved; aperture rather short, a little inflated, in-
terior grooved, lip minutely denticulated; blueish-
white, encircled with three narrow yellowish bands,
interior of the aperture whitish, rayed near the edge
with purple.
P)
Hab.
There is a marked peculiarity of form as well of
colouring in this shell; the spire is acuminated whilst the
aperture is short and almost rounded; the three equidis-
tant yellow bands which encircle the last whorl are cha-
racteristic, and so also is the purplish-white tinge of the
aperture, in which there is no indication of yellow or
orange-red.
Lurpure
ecby del ethth
Reeve imp.
Ree PUR A.
~Puate X.
Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.)
URPURA EMARGINATA. Purp. testé ovatd, crassi, spira
brevi, anfractibus oblique plicatis et corrugatis, trans-
versim costatis, costis rugosis, compressis, acute nodosis ;
columellé excavatd, ampliter dilatatd ; rubido-fuscd,
aperture fauce fusca, columella labroque albicantibus.
THE EMARGINATED PurpurRA. Shell ovate, thick, spire
short, whorls obliquely plaited and wrinkled, trans-
versely ribbed, ribs rugose, compressed, sharply no-
duled; columella excavated, largely dilated ; reddish-
brown, interior of the aperture brown, lip and colu-
mella whitish.
YesHAYES, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., 1839. Magasin de Zool.
1841, Moll. Pl. 25.
Purpura Conradi, Nuttall.
Zab. California? New Zealand ?
There is a considerable degree of uncertainty attending
his species, which I am not able to clear up. M. Deshayes
lescribed and figured a shell in the Magasin de Zoologie,
mder the name of P. emarginata, in an immature state,
marginated at the lip, said to be brought from New
Zealand by M. Chiron; in the British Museum are several
vell-authenticated specimens, answering in their minutest
articulars with M. Deshayes’ description and figure above
eferred to, collected by Mr. Nuttall in California, and
aamed by him, in manuscript P. Conradi.
The emargination noticed by M. Deshayes becomes
almost obliterated with age, and the species differs exceed-
ngly in its growth, the transverse ribs varying from smooth
0 roughly noduled.
Species 47. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA LAPILLUS. Purp. testd ovatd, spird acutd, an-
fractibus levibus, aut transversim crebré liratis, liris
obsolete squamatis ; columelld excavatd, apertura dila-
taté; albidd, aurantio-luteo conspicuée fasciatd, aut
Serrugineo-fuscd.
THE LITTLE stoNE Purpura. Shell ovate, spire sharp,
whorls smooth, or transversely closely ridged, ridges
obsoletely scaled; columella excavated, aperture di-
lated; whitish, conspicuously banded with orange-
yellow, or rusty brown.
Variety B.
Testa creberrime fimbriato-laminata.
Shell very closely fimbriately laminated.
Buccinun lapillus, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.),
p- 1202.
Eadem. Buccinum filosum, Gmelin.
Hab. Shores of Europe.
To particularize every discriminable variety of this Pro-
tean species would occupy more space than the limits of
the present work will allow; suffice it to illustrate the
ordinary yellow-banded and lamellated states, and to
observe by way of caution, that its modifications of colour
and sculpture are’infinite. M. Kiener has figured twenty-
one different varieties of the Purpura lapillus.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA SQUAMOSA.
tricosd, spird prominuld, suturis profundis ; anfrac-
Purp. testa oblongo-ovatd, subven-
tibus rotundatis, transversim crebricostatis, costis an-
gustis, obscure squamosis, interstitiis concinne striatis ;
rubido-castaned, aperture fauce alba.
THE sQUAMOSE PuRPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat
ventricose, spire prominent, sutures deep; whorls
rounded, transversely closely ribbed, ribs narrow,
obscurely scaled, interstices neatly striated; reddish
chesnut, interior of the aperture white.
Lamarck, Anim.sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p. 74.
Hab. Tigre Bay, Abyssinia.
Approaching rather in form to the Whelk division of
the Buccina.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
PuRPURA ATTENUATA. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi
peculiariter attenuatd, anfractibus superné rotundatis,
transversim creberrimé carinatis, carinis irregularibus,
angustis, lateraliter eacavatis, interdum oblique subti-
lissime laminatis ; intus extusque fusca.
THE ATTENUATED Purpura. Shell oblong-ovate, pecu-
liarly attenuated at the base, whorls rounded at the
upper part, transversely very closely ridged, ridges
irregular, narrow, excavated at the sides, sometimes
obliquely very finely lammated; brown within and
without.
Hab. ?
Although partaking somewhat of the character of P. /a-
pillus, I believe it to be nevertheless distinct.
September, 1846.
PURPURA.—P.ate X.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA SEPTENTRIONALIS. Purp. testd subfusiformi-
ovatd, crassd, ponderosa ; basi subcanaliculatd et re-
curva ; anfractibus levibus, transversim obsolete liratis ;
aperturé pared, labro intus obscure denticulato ; cas-
taneo-fuscd, intus alba.
THE NoRTHERN Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, thick, ponderous, slightly channelled and re-
curved at the base; whorls smooth, transversely
obsoletely ridged ; aperture small, lip obscurely den-
ticulated within; chesnut brown, interior white.
Hab. Sitka, north-west coast of America
A solid ponderous shell, attenuately produced at the
base.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Freycinet. Purp. testé ovata, tenui, inflata,
basem versus attenuata, spird brevissimad, acuta ; an-
fractibus obscuré subtiliter multicarinatis ; columella
excavatd, angusté, inferné peculiariter compressé ;
aperturé amplé ; pallidé fuscd, obscure fasciata, aper-
ture fauce labroque albicantibus.
FREYCINET’S Purpura. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, atte-
nuated towards the base, spire very short, sharp ;
whorls obscurely finely many-keeled ; columella exca-
vated, narrow, peculiarly compressed at the lower
part; aperture large, pale brown, obscurely banded,
lip and interior of the aperture whitish.
Desuaygs, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuy., 1839. Magasin de Zool.
1841, Moll. Pl. 26.
| Hab. Kamtschatka.
M. Deshayes describes this species as approximating to
the Purpura Rudolphi, I tear however that this observation
has rather a tendency to mislead ; it is much more closely
allied to the Purpura haustrum, having the same light
attenuated form, although sufficiently remote in general
character.
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Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA MUSIVA. Purp. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, medio
angulatd, transversim subtiliter striata, seriatim tuber-
culatd, tuberculis ad angulum prominentibus, labro
intus denticulato ; albidd, tuberculorum seriebus alter-
natim aterrimis et rufo-fuscis, aperture fauce c@eru-
lescente.
THE Mosaic Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
angulated in the middle, transversely finely striated,
encircled with rows of tubercles, which are prominent
on the angle, lip denticulated within; whitish, rows
of tubercles alternately jet black and reddish brown,
interior of the aperture blueish.
KIENER, Icon. Coq. vivantes, p. 38. pl. ix. f. 22.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming.
An interesting species, which may be easily recognized
by the alternating colour of the tubercles, those on the
angle being reddish or light chesnut brown, and of a more
prominent structure than those next in order, which are
black.
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA TRIGONA. Purp. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, medio
gibbosd, utrinque attenuatd, spird brevi; anfractibus
superne angulatis, transversim sulcatis et liratis ; aper-
turd subelongatd ; ceruled et albd, fusco irrequlariter
strigatd, columella et aperture fauce lutescente-albis.
THE TRIANGULAR PurPURA. Shell ovate, rather thick,
gibbous, attenuated at both ends, spire short ; whorls
angulated round the upper part, transversely grooved
and ridged ; aperture somewhat elongated ; blue and
white, irregularly streaked with reddish brown, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture yellowish-white.
Hab. China and Malacca (under stones at low water).
Chiefly distinguished by its stout triangular form.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA RUSTICA. Purp. testd ovald, spiré acutd, trans-
versim liratd et striatd, liris plus minusve tuberculatis,
longitudinaliter subobscuré plicatd, labro intus denti-
culato et sulcato ; longitudinaliter fusco strigatd, in-
terstitiis plumbeis, liris interdum pallidé flavescentibus,
tuberculis semper coccineo-rufis ; columella et aperture
Sauce aurantio-luteis.
THE Rustic Purpura. Shell ovate, spire sharp, trans-
versely ridged and striated, ridges more or less tuber-
culated, longitudinally streaked with brown, interstices
lead-colour, ridges sometimes tinged with pale yellow,
tubercles always deep scarlet-red ; columella and in-
terior of the aperture orange-yellow.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 83.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
M. Kiener, whose natural acuteness of perception seems
somewhat inferior to that of his predecessor Lamarck, has
figured an example of this species for an immature variety
of the P. wadata; it is, however, constantly distinct.
The Purpura rustica is uniformly smaller than the P.
undata, and throughout all its variations of form between
the little tuberculated example represented by Kiener
(PI. 34. f. 81 ¢.), and the nearly smooth specimen figured
in the accompanying plate, is forcibly characterized by the
searlet-red colouring of the ridges on the tubercles.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA TUMULOSA.
spird breviusculd, anfractibus quadriseriatim tubercu-
Purp. testé ovatd, subventricosd,
latis, tuberculis rotundatis, tumidis, levigatis, inter-
stitiis subtiliter sulcatis ; albidd, tuberculis nigricante-
Suscis, columella et aperture fauce flavicantibus.
THE TUMULOUs PURPURA. Shell ovate, somewhat ven-
tricose, spire rather short, whorls encircled with four
rows of smooth round swollen tubercles, interstices
finely grooved; whitish, tubercles blackish-brown,
columella and interior of the aperture yellowish.
Hab. Zanzibar (on the reefs).
Easily distinguished by its prominent smooth rounded
tubercles, which have a curious swollen appearance.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura speciosa. Purp. testa ovatd, spird brevissind ;
anfractibus superné depressis, triseriatim tuberculatis,
tuberculis mucronatis, acutis; allidd, quadris parvis
castaneo-fuscis undique tessellatd, zonis albidis inter
tuberculos, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-luteis.
THE BEAUTIFUL PuRPURA. Shell ovate, spire very short ;
whorls depressed round the upper part, encircled with
three rows of sharp-pointed tubercles ; whitish, tessel-
lated throughout with small chesnut-brown squares,
with white zones between the tubercles, columella
and interior of the aperture orange-yellow.
VaLencrennes, Zool. Humboldt’s Voyage.
Purpura centiquadra, Duclos.
Hab. Acapulco ; Humboldt.
September, 1846.
PURPURA.—Ptate XI.
M. Kiener is evidently unacquainted with the P. speciosa ;
it is quite distinct from the young of the P. bufo, to which
he refers it; and may be recognised by the peculiar exact-
ness of the little squares into which its colour is distributed.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura CaroLensts. Purp. testa orbiculari, spird bre-
vissimd, depressd, anfractibus transversim fortiter
biseriatim tuberculatis, subtiliter inciso-lineatis, areis
intermediis minutissime regulariter striatis ; spadiceo-
fuscescente, intus nived.
Tur Cuartes Istanp Purpura. Shell orbicular, spire
very short, depressed; whorls encircled with two
rows of very prominent tubercles, and finely engraved
lines, the interstices between which are very minutely
regularly striated; light bay colour, interior snowy
white.
Hab. Charles Island, Gallapagos (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
Care must be taken not to confound this species with
the P. Callacensis; it is rounder and of more ventricose
proportions, is much more strongly tuberculated, and the
minute engraved detail is different, the areas between the
fine grooves being more numerously and regularly striated.
Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA SACELLUM. Purp. testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird
acuminata ; anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angulum
et infra seriatim squamatis, squames erectis, submuri-
catis, peculiariter compressis, interstitiis minutissime
squamulatis ; luteo-albicante, squamis fuscescentibus.
Tur tempLe Purpura. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire
acuminated, whorls angulated round the upper part,
encircled with rows of erect somewhat prickly pecu-
liarly compressed scales on and below the angle, the
interstices between which are very minutely scaled ;
yellowish white, scales light brown.
Murex sacellum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 267.
Hab. ?
The shell figured by M. Kiener for the Purpura sacel-
lum, accords distinctly with Lamarck’s description of the
species, but it is not the Muree sacellum of Chemnitz ;
neither Lamarck nor Kiener have identified it. M. Des-
hayes notices the discrepancy between the figures of
Kiener and Chemnitz, and it is peculiarly gratifymg to
me to be enabled to produce the true species. The ac-
companying figure may appear somewhat dissimilar from
the antiquated drawing in the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ at
first sight, but a comparison with the original description
removes all doubt on the subject :—‘testa umbilicata,
flavescente, costis muricato-spinosis circwmcincta, anfrac-
tibus supra late planiusculis et margine acuto, imbricato,
a parietibus distinctis, spims costarum ex fusco Macu-
latis, subulatis, labro crenato, caude recta adscendente”.
The shell figured by M. Kiener Pl. 14, Fig. 39 a, as a
variety of the P. imperialis, is, 1 think, a P. sacellum.
Species 59. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA MURICINA. Purp. testé ovatd vet oblongo-ovatd,
anfractibus superné depressis, longitudinaliter plicato-
costatis, costis interdum duplicatis, superficie tota mi-
nutissime et creberrime squamata ; sordidé fusca vel
nigricante, albo articulatéd et tessellatd, columella
labroque chocolato-fuscis, aperture fauce cerulescente,
Tur LITTLE MoUSE PurpuRA. Shell ovate or oblong-
ovate, whorls depressed round the upper part, longi-
tudinally plicately ribbed, ribs more or less tubereu-
lated, transversely ribbed, ribs sometimes duplicated,
entire surface of the shell very minutely and closely
scaled; dun brown or blackish, articulated and
tessellated with white, lip and columella chocolate-
brown, interior of the aperture blueish.
De Brarnvitue. Nouv. Ann. du Mus. pl. 10. Fig.2 to 5.
Purpura tessellata, Sowerby, Genera of Shells.
Hab. Philippe Islands, (under stones) ; Cuming.
This extremely variable, yet well-defined, species, was
introduced by M. De Blainville, under three heads,
P.muricina, Muricoides, and Turbinoides ; and in M.Kiener’s
‘Teonographie’, it will be found that the shells repre-
sented in his group of ‘ Pourpres semi-ricinules’ Fig. 13
and 17, are clearly identical with that figured among his
‘Pourpres buccinoides’ at Fig. 82. The species is subject
to a remarkable degree of modification, but may be recog-
nized in all its phases, amongst other characters, by the
surface being closely bestudded with minute scales.
Species 6.9 (Mus. Cuming).
Purpura ALVEOLATA. Purp. testd subfusiformi-ovata,
transversim obscure costatd, undique inciso-striatd,
costis obsolete tuberculatis, tuberculis obtusis, superfi-
ciariis, columelld subdepressa, labro intus dentato ;
albidd, tuberculis nigris, areis inter strias maculis
nigris oblongis interrupts, columella et aperture fauce
aurantio-luteis.
CHECKERED PurPURA. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, ribbed, — encirck
throughout with engraved striz, ribs obsoletely tuber-
culated, tubercles black, spaces between the stria
interrupted with oblong black spots, columella and
interior of the aperture orange yellow.
Hab. Panama (under stones) ; Cuming.
THE
transversely obscurely
A very characteristic species easily recognized by its
style of colouring above described.
SS ————————
’
Purpura L
Reeve
PURPURA.
Puiate XII.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura ANaxares. Purp. testd ovata, subfusiformi,
transversim inciso-striatd et fortiter tuberculato-nodosd,
labro intus denticulato ; purpureo-nigra, nodis albis,
aperture fauce purpured.
THE DIMINUTIVE PURPURA.
form, transversely deeply striated and strongly tuber-
cularly noduled, lip denticulated within; purple-black,
nodules white, interior of the aperture dark purple.
Ductos ; Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 26. pl. 7. ie, Wife
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs); Cuming.
Shell ovate, somewhat fusi-
Distinguished by its conspicuous white nodules.
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura prapema. Purp. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, spira
acuminata; anfractibus superné depressis, subtiliter
impresso-striatis, striis obsolete punctatis ; spiraliter
bicarinatis, carinis tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis,
erectis ; pallidé spadiced, intus alba.
Tue piapem Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire acuminated ; whorls depressed round the
upper part, finely impressly striated, strie obsoletely
punctured ; spirally double-keeled, keels tuberculated,
tubercles compressed, erect ; light bay colour, interior
white.
Hab. Payta (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
Easily recognized by its compressly tubercled keels.
Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura costunaris. Purp. testé fusiformi, longitudi-
naliter plicato-costatd, transversim ereberrime et sub-
filissima liratd, liris minutissimé squamatis ; apertura
parvi, labro serrato ; violascente-albd, columella et
aperture fauce vivide violaceis.
THE SMALL-RIBBED PurruRA. Shell fusiform, longitu-
dinally plicately ribbed, transversely very closely and
finely ridged, ridges very minutely scaled ; aperture
small, lip serrated ; violet-tinged white, columella
and interior of the aperture deep violet.
De Brave, Nouv. Am. du Mus. pl. 11, f. 9.
Murex costularis, Lamarck.
Isle of Masbate, Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
Hab.
T include this shell in the present genus on account of
its affinity with the P. galea, violacea, Ke.
See, 2s eee
Species 64. (Mus. Taylor.)
PURPURA UNIFASCIALIS. Purp. testd ovatd, tenui, ven-
tricosd, anfractibus transversim tenuissimé striatis,
biseriatim nodosis, superne depressis ; columella an-
gustd, apertura dilatatd, subtiliter sulcatd ; spadiceo-
fusca, fascié albidd angustd medio cingulatd, aperture
sulcis prope labrum rufescentibus.
THE SINGLED-BANDED PurpuRA. Shell ovate, thin, ven-
tricose, whorls transversely very finely striated, en-
circled with two rows of nodules, depressed round
the upper part; columella narrow, aperture dilated,
finely grooved ; light bay colour, encircled round the
middle by a narrow whitish band, grooves of the
aperture red near the lip.
Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 86.
Hab. ?
This is not a variety of the P. hemastoma, as M. Kiener
supposes, but a very excellent species, distinguished,
without reference to the banded style of colouring, by
its light inflated growth and other peculiarities of detail ;
| it approaches very closely to the P. Blainvillii, but the
aperture is proportionably larger and more dilated, the
columella is not, moreover, edged with red. The shell
before me answers with peculiar accuracy, irrespective of
the band, both with Lamarck’s description, and the figure
cited by him in the ‘Encyclopédie Méthodique.,
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura GALEA. Purp. testd abbreviato-ovatd, Pyrule-
formi, ampliter umbilicatd, spird brevi; anfractibus,
longitudinaliter plicatis, superne plano-depressis, trans-
versim costatis, et creberrime subtiliter liratis, liris
minutissimd squamatis; alba, coccineo pallidissime
tinctd.
Tur HELMET PurPuRA. Shell abbreviately ovate, Pyrula-
shaped, largely umbilicated, spire short; whorls
longitudinally plicated, flatly depressed round the
upper part, transversely ribbed and very closely finely
ridged, ridges very minutely scaled; white, very
faintly tinged with scarlet.
Murex galea, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. p. 237.
pl. 160. fig. 1518, 1519.
Pyrula abbreviata, Lamarck.
Purpura abbreviata, Kener.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
This remarkable species is very closely allied, generically,
to the Pyrula Mawe, but its affinity with the Purpura
riolacea and others, renders the present the most appro-
priate genus for its reception.
Se
September, 1846.
PURPURA.—Puate XII.
Species 66. (Mus. Taylor.)
PURPURA TEXTILIOSA. Purp. testd ovaté, ventricosd,
transversim undique obsolete costatd, costis superfi-
ciariis, irregularibus, confertis, interstitiis subindistinete
pertusis, aperturd ampla; sordide alba, labro intus
pallidé aurantio tincto.
INTERWOVEN Purpura. Shell ovate, ventricose,
transversely obsoletely ribbed throughout, ribs super-
ficial, irregular, close-set, interstices rather indistinctly
punctured, aperture large; dull white, lip palely
tinged within with orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p. 77.
Hab. New Holland.
Amply distinguished from the P. succincta by the super-
ficial character of the encircling ribs, the P. ¢extiliosa yet
passes into that species through a succession of interme-
diate states.
THE
Species 67. (Mus. Hanley.)
PURPURA BISERIALIS. Purp. testa oblongo-ovatd, spird
conico-acutd, anfractibus transversim tenuissime inciso-
striatis, superné depressis, biseriatim tuberculatis ; pal-
lide grised, striis fuscis, fusco irregulariter strigatda,
columelld vivide rufi, aperture fauce pallidd, rufo
prope labrum tincta.
THE DOUBLE ROW PURPURA. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
conically acute, whorls encircled with fine engraved
striee, depressed round the upper part, beneath which
are two rows of tubercles; pale gray colour, striae
brown, irregularly streaked with brown, columella
bright red, interior of the aperture pale, tinged with
red towards the lip.
De BuatnvitiE, Nouy. Ann. du Mus. Pl. 11. Fig. 11,
Hab. A
I venture to refer this shell to P. diserialis of De Blain-
ville; it answers with peculiar accuracy to his description,
and is quite distinct from any other species of the present
monograph.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
PURPURA SQUAMULOSA. Purp. testé globoso-ovatd, basem
versus attenuata, spira brevissima, depressd ; anfracti-
bus superné rotundatis, liris subtilibus minute squamu-
losis undigue creberrimé cinctis; albd, columelld et
aperture fauce pallidé violaceis.
THE FINELY SCALED PurpuRA. Shell globosely ovate,
attenuated towards the base, spire rather short, de-
pressed ; whorls rounded at the upper part, very
closely encircled throughout with fine minutely
scaled ridges; white, columella and interior of the
aperture pale violet.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water ); Cuming.
This delicately sculptured species has very much the
form of the P. violacea, from Taheite, but it is perfectly
distinct; the entire surface is encircled with minutely
scaled ridges similar in pattern to those of the beautiful
little Murex squamulosus of Philippi, and the colour of the
mouth is a pale violet of a different tint.
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Mapreporarum. Purp. testd depresso-ovata,
spird brevissimd, interdum oculatd ; transversim tenuis-
sime striata, scabra ; aperturé ampli, marginibus latis-
simé dilatatis, columelld, plano-depressd ; alba, colu-
mellé vivide purpureo-violaced, aperture fauce purpureo-
violaceo partim tincta.
Tur Maprepore Purpura. Shell depressly ovate,
spire very short, sometimes concealed; transversely
very finely striated, rough ; aperture large, margins
very widely dilated, columella flatly depressed ; white,
columella rich purple-violet, interior of the aperture
partially stained with purple violet.
Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Purpura.
Purpura monodonta Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. Bastern Seas (upon madrepores).
T adopt Mr. Sowerby’s name for this interesting parasite,
first, because he introduced it simultaneously if not prior
to that of M M. Quoy and Gaimard, and secondly because
the name assigned to it by those naturalists is a very
inappropriate one, there being nothing in the structure of
the shell that can be designated a tooth.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura vionacea. Purp. testd ovati, crassd, ponderosa,
bast attenuata, subcanaliculatd, spird, brevissima ;
transversim obsolete striata, scabrd ; alba, columelld et
aperture fauce vivide purpureo-violaceis
Tue viotnT Purpura. Shell pyriformly ovate, thick,
ponderous, attenuated and somewhat channelled at
the base, spire very short, transversely obsoletely
striated, rough; white, columella and interior of the
aperture rich purple violet.
Krener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 77. pl. 19. f. 57.
Murex Neritoideus, Chemnitz (not of Linnzus).
Fusus Neritoideus, Enc. Méth.
Pyrula Neritoidea, Lamarck.
Purpura Neritoidea, Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. Taheite (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming.
This well-known shell may be easily distinguished
from the Purpura squamulosa, by its rude structure and
deep purple violet colouring.
Per eehe gen
ae
rs
Sowerby del et hth
LATA
Ue wR A:
Piate XIII.
Species 71. (Mus. Brit.)
Purpura Quoyi. Purp. testa subfusiformi, utringue pro-
duct, anfractibus superné concavo-depressis, longitudi-
naliter subtilissimé laminatis, costis lirisque rugosis aut
scabrosis cinctis ; columella pared, labro intus crenato ;
albidé aut fuscescente, aperture fauce purpureo-fusca.
Quoy’s Purpura. Shell somewhat fusiform, produced at
each end, whoris concavely depressed round the upper
part, longitudinally very finely laminated, encircled
with rough and scabrous ribs and ridges; columella
excavated, aperture small, lip crenated within ; whitish
or light brown, interior of the aperture purple brown.
Purpura rugosa, Quoy, Zool. Voy. de V Astrolabe, pl. 38.
f'9 to; 211.
Hab. New Zealand.
M. Kiener appears to have confounded this interesting
little species with the following.
Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura scosina. Purp. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus
convewis, liris transversis et longitudinalibus creberrime
clathratis ; nigricante-fuscd, liris transversis interdum
albis, columellaé purpureo-fuscd, aperture fauce caru-
lescente.
THE FILE PURPURA.
very closely latticed with transverse and longitudinal
ridges; blackish-brown, transverse ridges sometimes
white, columella purple-brown, interior of the aper-
Shell oblong-ovate, whorls convex,
ture blueish.
Quoy, Zool. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, pl. 38. f. 12 and 13.
Hab. New Zealand.
An extremely variable species, but one whose different
phases exhibit a good specific affinity.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura Nux. Purp. testé ovata, crassiusculd, subventri-
cosd, anfractibus convewis, transversim irregulariter
nultiliratis, lirarum interstitiis laminis decussatis, labro
intus dentato ; olivaceo-fusco varid, hic illie albipunc-
tata, columella et aperture fauce albis.
Tur nut Purpura. Shell ovate, rather thick, somewhat
veutricose, whorls convex, encircled with numerous
irregular ridges, the interstices between which are
crossed with minute lamine, hp toothed within ;
variegated with olive brown, dotted with white,
columella and interior of the aperture white.
Hab.
An interesting species, not immediately allied with any
hitherto described.
?
Species 74. (Mus. Brit.)
PuRpuRA sprraLis. Purp. testd ovata, tenui, inflatd,
costis quinis prominentibus conspicuée spiraliter cinctd,
interstitis longitudinaliter striatis, costis latis, planatis,
levibus, lateribus excavatis ; albido-fuscescente, costis
rufo-fuscis.
THE SPIRAL PurPuRA. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, conspi-
cuously spirally encircled with five prominent ribs,
smooth and flattened at the summit, excavated at the
sides, with the interstices striated longitudinally ;
whitish-brown, ribs reddish brown.
Purpura trochlea, var. Kiener, leon. Coq. viv. pl. 28.
f. 75 and 75 a.
Hab. iv
“Tt is very possible,” says M. Deshayes, “that this shell
may constitnte a species distinct from the P. cingulata
(P. trochlea, Lam). There cannot, I think, be a doubt
of it, it is uniformly larger, more inflated, and has a larger
number of ribs,
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura ScaLartrormis. Purp. testd acuminato-turritd,
anfractibus superne angulatis, suturis depressis, infra
angulum carinatis et striatis, carinis irregularibus,
acutis ; extus intusque alba.
Tue ScALARIA-SHAPED PURPURA.
turreted, whorls angulated round the upper part, de-
pressed at the sutures, keeled and striated beneath
the angle, keels irregular, sharp; white within and
Shell acuminately
without.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 73.
Hab. Juan Fernandez (in rocky places at low water) ;
Cuming.
The sculpture and general tone of this shell so far re-
sembles the P. galea, that it has been considered an
elongated growth of that species. The P. deformis of
Lamarck, according to Kiener, is a monstrosity of the
P. gaiea; and the P. brevis of De Blainville, the young of
the same.
October, 1546.
PURPURA.—Prate XIII.
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
PurpPuRA cineuLaTa. Purp. test oblongo-ovatd, costis
tribus aut minoribus spiraliter cingulatd, costis valde
prominentibus, planatis, levibus, utrinque excavatis, cos-
tarum interstitiis subtilissimé striatis ; cinereo-albicante,
aperture fauce fusco tinctd.
THE BELTED PurpuRA. Shell oblong-ovate, spirally en-
circled with three, or fewer, ribs, which are peculiarly
prominent, smooth and flattened at the summit, and
excavated at the sides, interstices between the ribs
very finely striated; ashy-white, interior of the
aperture stained with brown.
DesHayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 86. note.
Buccinum cingulatum, Linneus.
Purpura trochlea, Lamarck.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
The prominence and regularity of the ribs impart a
peculiar screw-like appearance to the shell, the effect of
which is increased by the depression of the sutural portion
of the spire.
Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura AFFINIS. Purp. testd recto-fusiformi, crassa,
solida, spird acuté acuminata, anfractibus tuberculis
solidis prominentibus biseriatim cinctis, iterstitis
striatis ; columellé obsolete plicaté ; apertura parva,
labro intus dentato ; alba, aperture fauce crocato-fus-
cescente.
THE ALLIED PurpuRA. Shell straightly fusiform, thick,
solid, spire sharply acuminated, whorls encircled
with two rows of prominent solid tubercles, interstices
striated ; columella obsoletely plaited, aperture small,
lip toothed within; white, interior of the aperture
saffron-brown.
Hab. Flizabeth Island, South Seas, (on exposed rocks at
half-tide) ; Cuming.
I have examined several examples of this species, and
find it uniformly distinct from the P. armigera to which
it is so closely allied.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura GIpposa. Purp. testa, subventricosd, spird brevi,
anfractibus concentricé plicato-costatis, costis tumidis,
si bnodosis, transversim subtilissimé et creberrime cari-
natis, carinis acutis, irregularibus, minute squamatis ;
alba, violaceo tinctd, aperture fauce vivide violaced.
THE GrBBoUS PuRPURA. Shell ovate, somewhat ventri-
cose, spire rather short, whorls concentrically plicately
ribbed, ribs swollen, somewhat nodose, trausversely
very finely and closely keeled, keels sharp, irregular,
minutely scaled ; white, tinged, with violet, interior
of the aperture deep violet.
A small gibbous species approximating im general
character to some of the Murices.
Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.)
Purpura CatuaoEnsis. Purp. testdé ovatd, subdepressa,
spird brevissimad ; anfractibus levibus aut obsolete
nodosis, transversim tenuissimée sulcatis, areis inter
sulcos minutissimeé regulariter striatis ; columellé exca-
vata, aperturdé ampla, labro crenulato ; sordidé albd,
fuscescente subindistincté longitudinaliter undulatd, co-
lumella et aperture fauce albis.
THe Catitao Purpura. Shell ovate, a little depressed,
spire very short ; whorls smooth or obsoletely nodose,
transversely very finely grooved, areas between the
grooves very minutely regularly striated ; columella
excavated, aperture large, lip crenulated; dull white,
rather indistinctly longitudinally festooned with light
brown, columella and interior of the aperture white.
Gray, Spicilegia Zoologica p. 4. pl. 6. f. 11.
Hab. Callao Bay; Hennah, Cuming.
An interesting little species, described some years since
by Mr. Gray, of which there are several examples in the
British Museum.
Species 80. (Mus. Brit.)
Purpura JANELLI.
contracta, spird brevi ; anfractibus transversim striatis,
superné declivibus, infra tuberculis rotundatis obtusis
seriatim armatis ; columella arcuatd, labro intus denti-
culato et lirato; albidd, epidermide olivaceo-fuscé
indutd, columelléd rubro-nigricante, aperture fauce
cerulescente.
JANELLE’s Purpura. Shell ovate, stout in the middle,
contracted at the base, spire short; whorls trans-
versely striated, sloping round the top, armed beneath
with rows of blunt rounded tubercles; columella
arched, lip denticulated and ridged within ; whitish,
covered by an olive-brown epidermis: columella
reddish black, interior of the aperture blueish.
Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 122. pl. 31. f. 89.
Hab. Payta; Kiener.
Purp. testé ovatd, medio obesd, bast
A very rare and characteristic species of which there are
two specimens in the British Museum.
PURE UORTA:
[ Lemporary Index.)
Plate. Species. Plate. Species.
abbreviata, Kiener............. XII. 65 imperialis, De. Blainville........ VII. 30
FEMTOLAP ECVE |) oye ale eins mis ie IX. 42 | inerma, Reeve ..........-2..0: V. 20
PRTITISWACCUE 155 focrs viearis a= s sie XIII. 77 intermedia, Kiener ............ VIII. 38
Bilveolata, Reeve...........--.- Ad. 60 Janellii, Kiener ..........-..+- XII. 80
anaxares, Duclos.............. XII. 61 Kieneri, Deshayes .........-.-- VILL. 37
aperta, De Blainville........... U1. 15 kiosquiformis, Duclos .......... VU. 31
armigera, Lamarck............ VI. 27 lapillus, Lamarck ............. X. 47
Ascensionis, Quoy..........--- Il. 11 lineata, Kiener................ VIL. 29
attenuata Reeve............... X. 49 luteostoma, Deshayes .......... VIM. 35
bicostalis, Zamarck............ VI. 28 macrostoma, Conrad ..........- II. 15
bimaculata, Jonas ............. If 5 Madreporarum, Sowerby ........ XI. 69
biserialis, De Blainville......... XII. 67 mancinella, Lamarch........... iL 2
bitubercularis, Lamarck ........ VIII. 37 melones, Duclos .............. IV. 19
Blainvillii, Deshayes .........-. IX. 41 monodonta, Quoy ............. XII. 68
buccinea, Deshayes ..........-. IVE 16 muricina, De Blainville......... XI. 59
DDUtO, Lamarck ...00s ses cee 1. 7 MUSLY AeA CENETE SS tes eee XI. 52
Callacensis, Gray..........-.. XIII. 79 Neritoidea, Deshayes........... IIL. 12
Callaoensis, De Blainville ....... IX. 4) Neritoidea, Quoy ............. XI. 70
ealifera, Lamarck ............ VI. 25 TIUKSPALCCOCH ear cea amen seer Rares XII. W3
@allosa, Lamarck.............- Il. 7 patulayamarck .~ 25 0. 3 psa IL, 3
carinifera, Lamarck............ VI. 26 PCLSICAs) LCIAKCK) pata) fol oi sieht) y= ite 8
Carolensis, Reeve.............. XI. 57 pica, De Blainville ............ VU. 36
cataracta, (Bue.) Chemmitz...... IX. 40 planospira, Lamarck ..-....... Il. 14
centiquadra, Duclos........--.- xT 56 Quoyieehceve anes XU. yal
chocolatum, Duclos..........-. We 22 Rudolphi, Lamarck............ IL. 10
cingulata, Deshayes...........- XIU. 76 PUES AUBIN 35 Bo Sn ARGO O6cr VE 23
columellaris, Lamarck .......... Il. 9 mudi GW peas geeseorecens = DNL 71
Wonradi, Nuttall’)... .2.2.----.< xe 46 MUSUICAn ILCCUS ns ey eteicre eerie mee 54
Wonsuly Lamarck. ..cessca-2g0- Le 4 sacellum, Lamarck ..........+- xi 58
Boronata, Hamarch ..:...2:+-.- VI. 25 Scalariformis, Lamarck ......... XII. 75
ornuta, Menke .............. V.- 21 qwlane, (Viapesoaoeececonoace AIM 72
costularis (Murex.), Lamarck.... XII. £3 62 septentrionalis, Reeve .......... X. 50
crassa, De Blainville........... IV. 19 spathulifera, De Blainville ...... Tne 13
deltoidea, Lamarck ............ IV. 18 speciosa, Valenciennes.......... XI. 56
diadema, Lamarck ............ XII. 62 Rallis, MAG oe Bano abode coe XIII. 74
MjOrbignys, Heeve ...-.5...5-. WADE 32 squamosa, Lamarck ........... X. 48
echinata, De Blainville.......... VIL. 33 squamulosa, Reeve ............ XII. 68
echinulata, Lamarck ........... Ils 1 SIAL!) CSHAY CS etatety t-te tet ete 23
emarginata, Deshayes .......... X. 46 iat ONO; Baesehoapeonoses | LAY 16
HBSCIALA TN CCUC Is... 0 oc cntaiirn sess IX. 45 succincta, Lamarck ..........-- Vv. 23
Mlondana, Conrad ............ LX AA tessellata, Sowerby ...........- XI. 59
Freycinetii, Deshayes .......... X. 51 textiliosa, Lamarck ............ XII. 66
Reus; SOweLby «..-.25:-.--.-- THe 12 thiarella, Zamarckh............. IX. 39
galea (Murex), Chemnitz ....... XII. 65 lino, U2 aa Boascdencecoes Ml. 53
gemmulata, Enc. Méth.......... i, 2 trochlea, amarck............- XIU. 76
PIbbOsa, Meeve .... 5. wees eens XIU. 78 tumida, Schubert. ............ ID. 7
PHP ANUCAMILECDE: «..va1o\- s1s)-/=) +41 c1el@)= IV. 17 tumulosa, Reeve .........-..... XI. 55
Guinensis Schubert ............ vals 25 undata, Lamarck... .-s----0504 DX. 43
hemastoma, Lamarck .......... VE. 21 unifascialis Lamarck .........-. XII. 64
lima, @26) Sooeeeooosesoe, lll 6 violacea, Kiener .....--.-..... Mill. 70
hippocastanum, Lamarck........ VIII. 34 xanthostoma, Broderip.......... We 24
hystrix, Lamarck............-- Ii. 13
4 orn dP 2
MONOGRAPH
heleGoleN U L.A.
“These are thy glorious works, Parent of good,
Almighty ! °—Jf/ton.
Ricniula F11,
Reeve imp:
Sow exby, del. et. hth.
Ree Te Neu EA.
Prats I.
Genus Ricinua, Lamarck.
Testa suborbiculari- vel fusiformi-ovata, sepissimé tuberculata
aut spinosa, spird nunc brevissimd, depressd, nunc acu-
minaté ; aperturd subangustd, columella subexcavatd,
interdum. corrugaté aut dentatd, labro intus dentato,
dentibus nodulosis aut pliceformibus, labri margine
interdum, autem raro, digitato. Operculum corneum,
tenue, semilunare.
Shell somewhat orbicularly or fusiformly ovate, most fre-
quently tuberculated or spined, spire sometimes very
short and depressed, sometimes acuminated ; aperture
rather narrow, columella a little excavated, sometimes
wrinkled or toothed, lip toothed within, teeth nodu-
lous or plait-like, edge of the lip sometimes, but
rarely, digitated. Operculum horny, thin, semilunar.
In adopting the genus Ricinula, I propose to include a
much wider range of species than has been hitherto refer-
red to it; namely, that fusiform series distinguished from
Buceinum and Purpura by the nodulous dentition of the
inner lip, arranged by M. Kiener as a section of the latter
genus, under the significant title of “ Les Pourpres semi-
ricinules ;” and of which the Purpura fiscellum of authors
may be regarded as the type. It cannot be disputed that
there are species in the genera Ricinula, in its limited
acceptation, and Purpura, mn which it is difficult to define
any generic difference ; as for example, between the P.
hystrie and the R. arachnoides, or between the P. aperta
and certain varieties of the R. clathrata ; but the alteration
of names in familiar usage should, as far as possible, be
avoided. A large proportion of the species Tam about to
characterize as Ricinule, have not been hitherto described,
and their connection with the Purpwre proper, is one of
such very remote affinity, that I prefer elevating the genus
under consideration into one of more importance, to the
creation of a new genus, or to the fusion of the whole into
one, after the manner of the French naturalists.
The soft parts of the typical species of Ricinula differ in
_ no respect from those of Purpura, and, in both genera, are
furnished with a thin horny operculum.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
RictnuLa ELEGANS. icin. testdé rotundato-ovata, basi
attenuatd, brevissima ; transversin regulariter spinosa,
spinis squameformibus, prominentibus, marginem versus
gradatim longioribus, interstitiis minutissime et pul-
cherrime squamatis, columella labroque intus conspicue
dentatis ; albicante, apertura eburned, lined vivide rufa
concinne circumdata.
ELEGANT RicrnuLa. Shell rotundately ovate, atten-
uated at the base, spire very short ; transversely
regularly spinous, spines scale-like, prominent, gra-
dually longer towards the margin, interstices very
minutely and beautifully scaled, lip and columella
conspicuously toothed within ; whitish, aperture ivory
white, very prettily encircled with a bright red line.
Broperrpe and Sowersy, Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 376.
Beechey’s Voyage, Moll. pl. 36. f. 4.
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on reefs at low water) ; Cuming.
THE
No one can fail to recognize this very rare and delicate
species by the bright red line which encircles the aperture ;
in other respects it mostly resembles the #. arachnoides.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA DIGITATA.
depressi, spird brevissimd ; transversim obtuso-costatd,
Ricin. testd obovatd, peculiariter
minutissime crispato-squamatd, costis spiram versus
nodosis aut tuberculatis, frondibus depresso-palmatis,
supernd majoribus, ad marginem desinentibus ; albidé
aut lutescente, apertura vivide luteo-aurantid.
Tue FrINcERED RrcinvuLa. Shell obovate, peculiarly de-
pressed, spire rather short; transversely obtusely
ribbed, very minutely crisply scaled, ribs nodose or
tuberculated towards the spire, ending on the margin
in depressly palmate fronds, the upper of which are
the larger; whitish or yellowish, aperture bright
yellowish orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p, 50,
Ricinula (Purpura) lobata, De Blainville. RY
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs at low water) ;
Cuming.
Variety B.
Testa fusca, apertura vivide nigricante-castaned.
Shell brown, with the aperture bright dark chesnut. . (,
yey
Ricinula (Purpura) lobata, Deshayes.
Hab. Sechelle Islands (on the reefs at low water); Rous-
seau.
I am sorry to be obliged to differ from two such autho-
rities as M. M. De Blainville and Deshayes in regard to
the specific rank of the Sechelle Island variety; there
cannot be a doubt, in my estimation, of the immediate
August, 1846.
RICINULA.—Puate I.
affinity of the shells here represented; they exhibit no
difference except in colour; and I think, with Mr. Sowerby,
that they cannot be regarded otherwise than as varieties of
one and the same species. The arrangement of synonymes,
above recorded, show that M. De Blainville erroneously
considered the dark variety as the Lamarckian type. (Ads
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinuta worRiDa. Ricin. testd ovato-globosd, spird
brevissimd, transversim tuberculatd, tuberculis brevibus,
squameformibus, acutis, columella labroque fortiter
dentatis ; albidd aut lutescente, tuberculis nigricantibus,
apertura violaced.
Tur rRouGH RrctnuLa. Shell ovately globose, spire very
short, transversely tuberculated, tubercles short, scale-
like, sharp, lip and columella strongly toothed;
whitish or yellowish, tubercles blackish, aperture
violet.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 47.
Murex neritoideus, Gmelin, (not of Linneus).
Ricinella violacea, Schumacher.
Hab. Philippine and Society Islands (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
This well-known species is distingwshable from all
others by its black tubercles and violet aperture.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicinuLa 1opostoma. icin. testa suborbiculari-ovatd,
crassa, ponderosa, subdepressd, spird brevissimd, trans-
versim striata, et obtuse vel obsoleté costatd, costis ad
marginem prominentioribus, apertura fortiter dentatd,
superné callosé ; albicante, costis fusco-nigricantibus,
striis intermediis fuscescentibus, apertura vivide roseo-
purpurea.
THE VIOLET MoUTH RicinuLA. Shell somewhat orbicu-
larly ovate, thick, ponderous, rather depressed, spire
very short, transversely striated and obtusely, or
rather obsoletely, ribbed, ribs more prominent at the
margin, aperture strongly toothed, thickened at the
upper part; whitish, ribs brownish-black, intermediate
strie brown, aperture bright pinkish purple.
Lesson, Magasin de Zoologie, 1842. Moll. pl. 58.
Hab. New Zealand, Lesson; Straits of Macassar; Rohr.
An interesting species, introduced by M. Lesson, and
forming a valuable addition to the typical portion of the
genus ; it may be readily distinguished from the 2. horrida
by the absence of tubercles, in place of which it is encircled
with conspicuous dark bands, and the more pinky tinge
of the purple which characterizes the aperture.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicrnuLA ARAcHNoIDES. icin. testé obovatd, spird
brevissimd, transversim costatd, costis spinis squame-
formibus muricatis, spinis marginem versus longioribus,
costarum interstitiis striatis, striis interdum minutissime
squamatis ; lutescente, costis albidis, spinis partim vel
omnino nigricantibus, apertura interdum maculis luteis
circumdata.
THE SPIDER-LIKE RicrnuLa. Shell obovate, spire very
short, transversely ribbed, ribs muricated with scale-
like spines, spines longer towards the margin, inter-
stices between the ribs striated, striae sometimes mi-
nutely sealed; yellowish, ribs white, spines partially
or entirely blackish, aperture sometimes encircled
with yellow spots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 49.
Murex ricinus, Linneus.
Unspotted variety, Ricinula albolabris, De Blainville.
Hab. Philippine and Society Islands ; Cuming.
Here again I must be allowed to differ from M. M. De
Blainville and Deshayes. There can be no doubt of the
specific affinity between 2. albolabris of the former, and the
R. arachnoides of Lamarck; the “stries subécailleuses ”
to which M. Deshayes refers, as distinguishing the former,
are but a modification of growth, the strize being sometimes
smooth, sometimes, and especially in young individuals,
developed in minute scales, characteristic of the normal
state. The spines of this species are more or less coloured
black, sometimes altogether white, and the presence or
absence of yellow spots at the aperture is subject to the
same law of variety.
— ow. a) a ee oe i
6
hRiciniwta. Ll
Reeve iw
RICINULA.
Puate II.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA MuTIcA. icin. testé ovato-globosd, crassisind,
basi subattenuald, spird brevissimd, obtusd ; transversim
inciso-striatd, mutica, columellé subexcavatd, levigatd,
labro intus conspicué dentato ; fusco-nigricante, aper-
turd alba, aut pallide violaceo-alba.
THE smooth Ricinuta. Shell ovately globose, very
thick, a little attenuated at the base, spire very short,
obtuse; transversely deeply striated, smooth, colu--
mella slightly excavated, smooth, lip conspicuously
toothed within; brownish black, aperture white, or
pale violet-tinged white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.) vol. x. p. 51.
Testa junior, Ricinula pisolina, Lamarck.
Hab. Mozambique (on coral reefs at low water); Hennah.
A very distinctly charaterized species, and one that is
rarely met with; the &. pisolina of Lamarck is referred to
the young state, on the testimony of M. Kiener.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicinuLa porPHYROsTOMA. icin. testa oblongo-ovatd,
utringue attenuata, spird subprominente, acutd ; longi-
tudinaliter concentricé costatd, transversim peculiariter
liratd, liris numerosis angustis, confertis, inter costas
profundé excavatis, aperturé utrinque denticulatd ;
livido-olivaced, liris cinereo-albicantibus, aperturd vivide
purpureo-laced.
THE PURPLE-MoUTH RicrnuLA. Shell oblong-ovate, at-
tenuated at both ends, spire rather prominent, sharp ;
longitudinally concentrically ribbed, transversely pecu-
liarly ridged, ridges numerous, narrow, close-set,
deeply excavated between the ribs, aperture denticu-
lated on both sides; livid olive colour, ridges ashy-
white, aperture deep purple-lake.
RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Marquesas Islands (on the reefs at low water);
Rohr.
An interesting new species distinguished by the erect
character of the transverse ridges, especially across the
interstices between the ribs, which, however, become some-
what obsolete with age; the rich purple-lake colouring of
the aperture is also worthy of notice.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA MENDICARIA, icin. testa ovatd. medio obesé,
utrinque subattenuatd, anfractibus basi subindistineté
liratis, superné vel levigatis, vel longitudinaliter obso-
leté nodoso-costatis, columellé supernd excavatd, labro
intus medio denticulato ; plerumque atro luteoque alter-
natim transversim conspicue teniatd, interdum atrd,
tend luted unicd angustd cinctd, aperturd cinnamo-
meo-purpured.
THE PATCH-worK Rictnuta. Shell ovate, stout in the
middle, attenuated at each end, whorls rather indis-
tinctly ridged at the base, either smooth or longitu-
dinally obsoletely nodosely ribbed above, columella
excavated at the upper part, lip denticulated within
in the middle; generally alternately filleted with black
and yellow, sometimes black, encircled by a single
narrow yellow fillet, aperture cimnamon-purple.
Columbella mendicaria, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Zanzibar (for the dark
single-zoned variety); Thorne.
The well-known Colwmbella mendicaria of Lamarck, which
has been already discarded from that genus by Mr. Sow-
erby, in his recent admirable monograph in the ‘'Thesau-
rus Conchyliorum ’, belongs to that interesting group of
species, distinguished by M. Kiener under the characteristic
title of “Les Pourpres semi-ricinules ”, and which I pro-
pose to include under the Lamarckian head of Ricinula.
Species 9. (Fig. a and 6 Mus. Cuming.)
Riervta cuarurata. icin. testd rotundato-ovatd,
spira breviusculd ; longitudinaliter crebrivaricosd, vari-
cibus costis spiniferis decussatis, spinis squameformibus,
prominentibus, marginem versus longioribus, interstitiis
striatis, striis minutissime squamatis; columella superné
subexcavatd, infra plicato-rugosd ; extus ferrugineo-
fusca et albd, intus ceruleo-violaced.
Tue Larricep Rrernuza. Shell rotundately ovate, spire
rather short; longitudinally closely varicose, varices
crossed with spiniferous ribs, spines scale-like, pro-
minent, longer towards the margin, interstices striated,
striae very minutely scaled; columella a little exca-
vated at the upper part, plicately wrinkled beneath :
exterior white and rusty brown, interior blueish
violet.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 49.
Hab. Elizabeth Island (on the reefs at low water); Cuming
Testa junior Ricinula miticula, Lamarck.
August, 1846.
RICINULA.—P tare II.
Variety 8. (Fig. 9. a.)
Testa parva, spinis brevioribus ; albitla, intus vivide pur-
pureo-lacca.
Shell small, with the spines rather short; white, interior
rich purple-lake. ,
Hab. Island of Annaa (on the reefs at low water); Cuming.
The very beautiful and characteristic variety of this
species, represented at fig. 9a, does not appear to have
been hitherto noticed.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricrnuta Morus. icin. testd ovatd, crassa, obesd, spird
breviusculd, transversim costatd, costis tuberculatis, lird
angustd, interstitus utringue minutissime sqguamatis, in-
terveniente; carulescente-albd, tuberculis plerumque
anthracinis, apertura vivide violaced.
Tin MULBERRY RrcrnuLa. Shell ovate, thick, stout,
_ spire rather short, transversely ribbed, ribs tubercu-
lated, and a narrow ridge running between them with
the interstices very minutely scaled; blueish white,
tubercles generally coal-black, aperture rich violet.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’.edit.); vol. x. p. 51.
Purpura spheridia, Duclos.
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on the reefs at low water) ;
Cuming.
The Ricinula morus is sometimes entirely white, though
of much more common occurrence with the tubercles black.
The R. aspera-which M. Kiener has confounded with this
species, is distinct, as M. Deshayes affirms, but it requires
an acute eye to detect the difference.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA TUBERCULATA. icin. testd oblongo-ovatd, spira
breviusculd ; transversim seriatim tuberculatd, tnber-
culis subquadratis, interstitiis subtiliter inciso-striatis ;
ceruleo-alba, tuberculis anthracinis, interdum omnino
anthracini, aperturd violaceo-nigricante, denticulis
albis.
THe TuBERCLED RicrnuLa. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
rather short; encircled with rows of tubercles, tuber-
cles somewhat square, interstices finely deeply stri-
ated; blueish-white, tubercles coal-black, sometimes
altogether coal-black, aperture violet-black, teeth
white.
Dr Buarnvitte, Nouy. Ann. du Mus. pl. 9. f. 3.
Eadem. Purpura marginalba, De Blainville.
Purpura granulata, Duclos.
Hab. Lord Hood and Elizabeth Islands (on the reefs at
low water); Cuming.
The leading feature of distinction between this and the
preceding species, is, that in the former the interstices be-
tween the tubercles are simply engraved with striz, whilst
in the latter, they are characterized by a distinct ridge,
the hollow on either side of which is crossed at frequent
intervals by minute scales; the tubercles are also uniformly
larger and more obtuse.
Species 12, (Mus. Cuming.)
RrcrnuLa curysostoma. Ricin. testd oblongd, spird nune
abbreviata ; transversim undique inciso-striatd, striis _
subdistantibus, longitudinaliter varicosd, varicibus squa-.
mis vel obtusis vel spiniferis et erectis ornatis ; ferru-
gineo-fuscd, striis saturatioribus, zonis albis interruptis
interdum cinctd, apertura violaced interdum aurantid.
THE GOLDEN-MouTH RicrnuLa. Shell oblong, spire some-
times acuminated, sometimes abbreviated; transversely
deeply striated throughout, striz rather distant, lon-
gitudinally varicose, varices ornamented with scales
which are either obtuse or spiniferous ; rusty brown,
striee darker, sometimes encircled with interrupted
white zones, aperture violet, sometimes orange.
Drsuayes, Magasin de Zool., 1844. Moll. pl. 86.
Hab. Islands of Bohol and Ticao, Philippines (on the
reefs at low water) ; Cuming.
An extremely variable species in form, sculpture, and
colour; the shell is sometimes elongated, sometimes short,
and the squamate varices above described in the typical
specimens become modified into mere noduled ridges. The
colour of the aperture varies from purple-violet to bright
golden-yellow, as in the specimen described and figured by
M. Deshayes.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA ASPERA. Ricin. testd obtuse ovata, spira brevi ;
transversim et longitudinaliter forticostata, lira unica
obesd, vel duabus angustis utringue minutissime squa-
matis, inter costas cingulatd ; albidd, costarum longi-
tudinalium latere sinistro fusco-nigricante, apertura
vivide violaced.
Tue roucH Ricinus. Shell obtusely ovate, spire short ;
transversely and longitudinally strongly ribbed, en-
circled between the ribs with a single stout ridge or
two narrow ones; whitish, left side of the longitudi-
nal ribs brownish-black, aperture bright purple.
Lamarcr, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 51-
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
The sculpture of this shell is very similar to that of the
R. morus, and M. Kiener has published it as a variety
of that species; I am, however, inclined to think with M.
Deshayes that it is distinct, there is a peculiarity in the
form, painting, and general aspect, by which it may always
be recognised.
Sowerby, del et lith
Riciwiila Ll. Ml.
2
x
oe?
Reeve, imp
I
RECT NaN:
Prats III.
Species. 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA SIDEREA. Ricin. testd fusiformi-ovatd, basi sub-
contractd, transversim striata, longitudinaliter subob-
solete nodoso-costatd ; alba, maculis parvis rubido-fuscis
quadratis hic illic irregulariter pictd.
Tue starry RicinuLa. Shell fusiformly ovate, gibbous
in the middle, a little contracted at the base, trans-
versely striated, longitudinally rather obsoletely no-
dosely ribbed; white, irregularly painted here and
there with reddish-brown square spots.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Burias and Masbate, Philippines (on the
reefs and under stones at low water); Cuming.
A pure white shell miscellaneously sprinkled with con-
spicuous small square reddish-brown spots.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicinuLa BELLA. icin. testd subcylindraceo-fusiformi,
utrinque attenuatd, basi contractd et paululum recurvd,
longitudinaliter concentricé costatd, costis subobtusis,
confertis, transversim liratd, liris angustis, interstitiis
striatis ; pallide rosea, fasciis duabus castaneis, liris
costas super roseis, cingulata.
Tue prerry RrcinuLa. Shell cylindrically fusiform, at-
tenuated at both ends, contracted and a little recurved
at the base, longitudinally concentrically ribbed, ribs
rather obtuse, close-set, transversely ridged, ridges
narrow, interstices striated; pale rose, encircled by
two chesnut bands, on which the ridges are rose on
crossing the ribs.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1846.
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
An extremely pretty species of a pale rose colour, en-
circled with two rather broad bright chesnut bands, each
band having two ridges passing through them, exhibiting
a particularly neat appearance, from their being light on
crossing the ribs.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricrnuta FuNicuLaTa. icin. testd oblongo-ovatd, ob-
liqué costatd, costis latis, solidis, subobscuris, transver-
sim alternatim liratad et lineata, liris obtusé nodosis ;
ceruleo-albicante, liris lineisque aterrimis, apertura
vivide violaced.
THE corpep Rricinuta. Shell oblong-ovate, obliquely
ribbed, ribs broad, solid, rather obscure, transversely
alternately ridged and lineated, ridges obtusely no-
dose; blueish white, ridges and lines jet black, aper-
ture deep violet.
Rengve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. 2
A blueish white shell encircled with conspicuous black
ridges, the lower of which have a fine cord running be-
tween them; and with a rich violet mouth.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA HEPTAGONALIS. icin. testa fusiformi-ovatd,
basi paululum recurva, anfractibus transversim liratis
et squamistriatis, superné angulatis, longitudinaliter
obtuse costatis, liris costas super compresso-nodosis ;
fusco-albicante, nigricante-fusco tinctd et fasciatd, aper-
turd alba.
Tuer sEVEN-stDED Ricrnuta. Shell fusiformly ovate, a
little recurved at the base, whorls encircled with
ridges and squamate strie, angulated round the
upper part, longitudinally obtusely ribbed, ridges
compressly noduled over the ribs; brownish-white,
stained and banded with blackish-brown, aperture
white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Panama (under stones at low water); Cuming.
An extremely interesting species, though scarcely coming
within the generic range of Ricinula; it may, however, be
readily distinguished as such by the characteristic row of
nodulous denticles within the lip.
Species 18. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA CONCATENATA. icin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd,
anfractibus superne leviter concavis, transversim seriatim
tuberculatis, tuberculis confertis subquadratis et mucro-
natis, interstitiis striatis, striis minutissimé squamatis ;
lutescente-albd, tuberculis ferrugineo-nigricantibus, aper-
turd purpureo-violaced, vel aurantio-rufa.
THE ENCHAINED RicrinuLa. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, whorls slightly concave round the upper part,
August, 1846.
RICINULA.—Ptate III.
transversely ornamented with rows of tubercles, which
are close-set somewhat square and pointed, interstices
striated, strie very minutely scaled ; yellowish-white,
tubercles rusty-black, aperture purple-violet or orange-
red.
Murex concatenatus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix.
p- 599.
Purpure fragum,and concatenata, De Blainville.
Hab. Swan Point, North Australia (under stones at low
water).
The species above cited from De Blainville’s monograph,
are evidently varieties of the same; I have specimens of
each before me from the collection of Mr. Cuming, and
can observe no other difference than a change of colour in
the aperture.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA SPECTRUM. icin. testdé oblongo-ovatd, spird
acuminata, longitudinaliter oblique costatd, costis sub-
obtusis, tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, interstitiis
striatis ; intus extusque albd.
THE sPECTRE RicrnuLa. Shell oblong-ovate, spire acu-
minated, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, ribs rather
obtuse, tuberclated, tubercules compressed, interstices
striated; pure white within and without.
RegEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ;
Cuming.
A stout solid tuberculated shell, which appears to be
naturally colourless, the shell here represented being in the
finest possible condition.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA PULCHRA. Ricin. testd cylindraceo-ovald, medio
obesd, utringue attenuatd, basi recurvd, anfractibus
rotundatis, concentricé crebricostatis, transversim lira-
tis, liris confertis, costas super compresso-nodulatis ;
luteo-aurantid, lirarum interstitiis fusco-lineatis, aper-
turd, apice basique pulcherrimé roseis.
THE BEAUTIFUL RicrnuLa. Shell cylindrically ovate,
stout in the middle, attenuated at both ends, recurved
at the base; whorls rounded, concentrically closely
ribbed, transversely ridged, ridges close-set, com-
pressly noduled across the ribs; yellowish orange,
interstices between the ridges lineated with brown ;
aperture, base, and apex, prettily stained with pink.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846.
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
Both the sculpture and colouring of this species are de-
veloped with peculiar neatness; the former consists of a
regular concentric succession of compressed nodules, rang-
ing somewhat obliquely, the latter of an uniform yellow or
light orange brown, encircled in the interspaces of the
ridges by a fine cord of a darker brown, whilst the base,
apex, and aperture, are either white, or delicately pink.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicINULA CHAIDEA. Ricin. testd ovata, crassé, ponderosa,
spird subacuminatd, anfractibus tumidiusculis, oblique
concentricé costatis, costis rudis, obtuse tuberculatis,
transversim sulcatis ; albidd aut lutescente, apertura
alba.
THE CONSUMED Ricinuua. Shell ovate, thick, ponderous,
spire a little acuminated, whorls rather swollen, ob-
liquely concentrically ribbed, ribs rude, obtusely tu-
berculated, transversely grooved; whitish or yellowish,
aperture white.
Purpura chaidea, Duclos, Annales, Sci. Nat. 1832.
Purpura Nassoides, Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
A short stout ponderous shell, having very much the
aspect of a Nassa.
hicinila
Reevt
RICINULA.
Puate IV.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricrxvuta carponarta. icin. testd ovatd, utringue
attenuata, transversim striata, longitudinaliter fortiter
costatd, costis distantibus, liris transversis decussatis ;
nigerrimo varid, aperture fauce carulescente-albd.
THE COAL-BLACK RicinuLa. Shell ovate, attenuated at
both ends, transversely striated, longitudinally strongly
ribbed, ribs distant, crossed with transverse ridges ;
variegated with jet black, interior of the aperture
blueish-white.
9
Hab.
Mainly distinguished by its gibbous growth, and the
stout swollen character of the ribs.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicwwuLa atveotata. Ricin. testé subfusiformi, longi-
tudinaliter conspicue costatd, costis sulcis transversis
decussatis; lutescente-albd, costis rufo-fusco pulcherrime
tessellatis.
THE CHECKERED Rictnuta. Shell somewhat fusiform,
longitudinally conspicuously ribbed, ribs crossed with
transverse grooves ; yellowish white, ribs beautifully
tessellated with red-brown.
Purpura alveolata, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 42. pl. 9.
f. 23.
Hab. Panama; Cuming.
The ribs of this pretty species have a kind of beaded
appearance.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinvuta Lavuta. Ricin. testa subfusiformi, medio gib-
bosiusculd, solidd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis suleis
transversis decussatis ; cerulescente-albd, costis nigro
minioque alternatim vivide pictis ; columella labroque
intus purpureo-rufis.
THe cay Rrcinuta. Shell somewhat fusiform, rather
gibbous in the middle, solid, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs crossed with transverse grooves; blueish white»
alternately brightly painted with black and vermilion,
lip and columella purple-red.
?
Hab.
The colouring of the ribs exhibits a striking contrast.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming).
Ricrnvuta ELoneata. Ricin. testa fusiformi, spird acunt-
natd, anfractibus medio angulatis, longitudinaliter cos-
tatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, liris transversis decus-
satis, interstitiis peculiariter cavernosis ; extus intusque
aurantio-lacteis.
Tue ELONGATED RrornvLa. Shell fusiform, spire acumi-
nated, whorls angulated in the middle, longitudinally
ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle, crossed with trans-
verse ridges, the interstices being peculiarly caver-
nous; orange cream-colour within and without.
Purpura elongata, De Blainville.
Hab. Island of Burias Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
Characterized by the cavernous excavations between the
ridges.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA DEALBATA. Ricin. testa ovata, solidiuscula,
transversim striatd et seriatim tenuinodosd, stris incisis ,
subobscure punctatis ; extus intusque albd.
THe BLEACHED RrctnuLa. Shell ovate, rather solid,
trausversely striated and finely noduled, strie en-
grayed, somewhat obscurely punctured ; white within
and without.
Hab. ?
Encireled with fine nodules and engraved strie in a
manner somewhat peculiar
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinus ELATA. Ricin. testd ovatd, crassa, solidd, lon-
gitudinaliter plicato-costatd, costis subobscuris, tuber-
culis echinatis seriatim armatis, extus intusque albd.
Te ELEVATED RicrnuLA. Shell ovate, thick, solid’
longiitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs somewhat ob-
scure, armed with rows of prickly tubercles ; white
within and without.
Purpura elata, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du mus. pl. 11.f.1.
Hab. New Holland.
Some of the prickly tubercles which characterize this
species, have a faint indication of brown painting upon
them.
Eee
October, 1486.
RICINULA.—Prars IV. '
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming).
RicrinvLa FIscELLuM. icin. testd ovatd, spiraé acutd,
anfractibus superne subangulatis, ad angulum compres-
so-nodosis, liris angustis minute squamatis undigue cre-
berrime cingulatis ; albidd, liris purpureo-atris, colu-
melld et aperture fauce purpureo-violaceis.
THE LITTLE BasKET Ricrnuta. Shell ovate, spire sharp,
whorls somewhat angulated round the upper part,
compressly noduled at the angle, very closely encirled
throughout with fine minutely scaled ridges ; whitish,
ridges purple-black, columella and interior of the
aperture purple violet.
Murex fiscellum. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. pl. 160.
f.1524—5.
Murex margariticola, Broderip.
Hab. Australia and the Pacific Islands.
Tt will be seen on reference to genus Murer of this
work, that a most unhappy state of confusion has attended
this species on the part of Mr. Broderip, Mr. Sowerby, and
myself. Named Murex margariticola by Mr. Broderip
from the circumstance of Mr. Cuming having found it
adhering to the Pearl Oyster (Conch. Icon. Murex Sp.
178.), another shell was fixed upon by Mr. Sowerby, and
adopted by myself, as representing the M. fiscellum of
Chemnitz (Conch. Icon. Murex Sp. 124.). The former is
however the true I. fiscellum, and the latter an extremely
variable species, again described by me in a different
state under the name of M decussatus (Conch. Icon.
Murex Sp. 153) ; though introduced by Mr. Sowerby
also in different states under the names of MW. violacea and
Ricinuloides, which he afterwards cancelled.
It is determined beyond doubt that the Murex mar-
gariticola of Broderip, of which the specimen here figured
is a fine large tubercled variety, is the Murex Jiscellum ; it
only remains to enquire of M. Kiener whether the shell
mistaken for it, and which has received so many names in
different states, is not the Murex Jimbriatus of Lamarck.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricryvuta Forticostata, Ricin testa ovata, medio gibbosd,
longitudinaliter conspicue costatd, costis Sortibus, vald
prominentibus, sulcis decussatis ; albida, costis fuscis
liris decussantibus albidis.
THE STRONG-RIBBED RICINULA. Shell ovate, gibbous iz
the middle, longitudinally conspicuously ribbed
ribs strong, very prominent, crossed with grooves |
whitish, ribs brown, the cross ridges white.
Hab. ?
The prominent character of the ribs, coupled with their
conspicuous style of painting, give an appearance to the
shell which is very characteristic.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
RrcinvLa astricra. Ricin. testd ovatd, medio obesd,
solidd, utringue attenuata, longitudinaliter plicato-
costatd ; lutescente-albd, liris transversis angustis fuscis
undique peculiariter astricta.
THE corpDED Ricinuta. Shell ovate, stout in the
middle, solid, attenuated at both ends, longitudinally
plicately ribbed ; yellowish-white peculiarly corded
throughout with brown narrow transverse ridges.
Hab. ?
Easily distinguished by the fine dark brown cord-like
ridges with which it is encircled throughout.
Species 31. (Mus. Metcalfe).
RiciNULA ocHROsToMA. icin.
concentricé plicato-costatd, costis liris nodosis decus-
satis, interstitiis minute squamatis ; albd, aperture
testa ovata, crassd,
Sauce croceo-aurantia.
THE YELLOW MoutTH RicrInuLA. Shell ovate, thick, con-
centrically plicately ribbed, ribs crossed with noduled
ridges, the interstices between which are minutely
scaled ; white, interior of the aperture saffron-orange.
De Buarnvite, (fide Kiener). Icon. Coq. viv. p. 44.
pl. 10. f. 29.
y
Hab.
A solid sharply tubercled shell, having the areas
between the ribs finely scaled.
Acuna FV
Reeve
RECT NULA:
Puate V.
(Specimens magnified to twice their natural length.)
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinuta contracta. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd,
utrinque attenuata, basi contract, longitudinaliter ob-
lique plicato-costatd, transversim lirata et striata ; luteo-
Suscescente, aperture fauce alba.
THE conTracTED RicrnuLa. Shell fusiformly ovate,
attenuated at both ends, contracted at the base, lon-
gitudinally obliquely plicately ribbed, transversely
ridged and striated ; yellowish brown, interior of the
aperture white.
Hab. Panama, and St. Elena, West Columbia (under
stones) ; Cuming.
Rather more than usually produced and contracted at
the base.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicinuLa ZONATA. icin. testa abbreviato-ovatd, solidd,
ulrinque longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatd ; albd, zonis
ceruleo-nigris pulcherrime cingulatd, columella labrique
margine interno lacco-purpureis.
THe zoned Ricrnuua. Shell shortly ovate, solid, at-
tenuated at both ends, longitudinally nodosely plicated
throughout ; white, very prettily encircled with blue-
black zones, columella and inner edge of the lip lake-
purple.
Hab. Charles Island, Gallapagos (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
Easily distinguished by the marked style of its painting.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA OCELLATA. Ricin. testa ovatd, ventricosd, undique
subtilissime cancellatd, anfractibus superné angulatis,
longitudinaliter costatis, costis fortibus, distantibus,
compresso-tuberculatis ; albidd, lineis nigris, costas
super ocellatis, cingulatda.
Tue ocELLatep Ricinua. Shell ovate, ventricose, very
finely cancellated throughout; whorls angulated round
the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs strong, dis-
tant, compressly tubercled; whitish, encircled with
black lines, which are ocellated on crossing the ribs.
2
Hab.
The detail of sculpture and disposition of colour are ex-
tremely characteristic in this species.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA ConcINNA. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, basi
contractd, spird acuminatd; anfractibus concentricé
plicato-costatis, costis tenuissime nodiferis ; alba, fasciis
Suscis, nodis albis, conspicue cinctd, labri limbo aurantio-
rufo.
THE pretty Rrctnuta. Shell somewhat fusiform, ovate,
contracted at the base, spire acuminated; whorls
concentrically flatly ribbed, ribs very fineiy noduled ;
white, conspicuously encircled with brown bands, in
which the nodules are white, edge of the lip orange-
red.
Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (under
stones at low water) ; Cuming.
Alternately encircled with brown and white bands, in
the former of which the nodules are white, and have a very
striking appearance.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA HISTRIO.
tuberculata, transversim subtilissimé striatd et obtuso-
Ricin. testd ovaté, medio gibbosd et
liratd ; luted, lineis rufescentibus, maculisque nigris
cingulatd et variegatd, columellaé labrique margine in-
terno lacco-purpureis.
THE HARLEQUIN RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, gibbous and
tuberculated in the middle, transversely very finely
striated and obtusely ridged; yellowish, encircled
and variegated with faint red lines and conspicuous
black spots, columella and inner edge of the lip lake-
purple.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
A stout hump-backed shell, strongly tuberculated, and
strikingly variegated in colour.
Species 37. (Mus. Adamson.)
RIcINULA IOSTOMA.
dinaliter concentricé plicato-costatd, costis nodulis ob-
tusis decussatis ; albidd, costarum nodulis atris, colu-
Ricin. testd ovatd subobesd, longitu-
melld et aperture fauce violaceis.
THE VIOLET-MOUTH RicINuLA. Shell ovate, rather stout,
longitudinally concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs
crossed with obtuse nodules ; whitish, nodules of the
September, 1846.
RICINULA.—Ptare V.
ribs jet black, columella and interior of the aperture
violet.
Hab.
Distinguished by its violet mouth and the concentric
rows of black nodules.
>)
Species 38. (Mus Cuming).
RICINULA CAVERNOSA. icin. test ovatd, gibbosi, costis
fortibus longitudinalibus lirisque compressis transversis
conspicue clathratd, areis interstitialibus subexcavatis ;
alba, areis medianis rufo-fuscis, colomelld et aperture
fauce croceis.
Tue cavernous RrermuLa. Shell ovate, gibbous, con-
spicuously latticed with strong longitudinal ribs, and
transverse ridges, interstitial areas rather excavated ;
white, the middle row of areas red-brown, columella
and interior of the aperture saffron yellow.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water) ; Cuming.
A remarkable species very accurately represented on an
enlarged scale in the accompanying plate.
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming).
Ricrnuta Muricata. icin. testd ovatd, spird acutd,
anfractibus superné concavo-depressis, wfra conspicue
muricato-tuberculatis ; intus extusque albd.
Tue prickty Ricrnuta. Shell ovate, spire sharp, whorls
concavely depressed round the upper part, conspicu-
ously prickly tubercled beneath; white within and
without.
Hab. ?
Distinguished by its sharp prickly sculpture.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming).
Ricinuna crocostoma. Ricin. testd sulpyriformi-ovata,
medio gibbosd, anfractibus superne depressis, longitudi-
naliter nodoso-costatis, costis subdistantibus, interstitiis
levibus ; lutescente, costis nigerrimo-fuscis, columella
labrique margine interno rufo-croceis.
Tue saFFRON-MouTH RicrnuLa. Shell pyriformly ovate, |
gibbous in the middle, whorls depressed round the
upper part, longitudinally nodosely ribbed, ribs
rather distant, interstices smooth; yellowish, ribs
very dark brown, columella and inner edge of the lip
reddish saffron.
Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water) ; Cuming.
Very characteristic both in form and colouring.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming).
RrcmnvuLa TRIFAscIaTA. Ricin. testa ovatd,
solidd, spiré acutd; longitudinaliter nodoso-costatd,
aperturd angusté; albd, fasciis tribus caruleo-atris
crassa,
conspicuiis cingulatd ; columella labrique margine
interno lacco-purpureis.
THE THREE-BANDED RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, thick, solid,
spire sharp, longitudinally nodosely ribbed, aperture
narrow ; white, encircled with three conspicuous blue-
black bands; columella and inner edge of the lip
lake-purple.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
Resembling the &. zonata somewhat in its style of
painting, but quite distinct on comparison.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming).
RICINULA TURBINELLA. icin. testd ovata, spird acumi-
natd, transversim tenuissimée striata, et liratd, an-
fractibus superné declivibus, medio nodulosis ; fusco-
nigricante, nodulorum serie mediand alba.
Tue LITTLE Top RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, spire acumi-
nated, transversely very finely striated and ridged,
whorls sloping round the upper part, nodulous in
the middle; brownish black, middle row of nodules
white.
Purpura turbinella, Kiener, Teon. Coq. viv. p. 29. pl. 9.
f. 25.
?
Hab.
This appears to me to be identical with M. Kiener’s
Purpura turbinella.
UE Li
’
Sowerby dei et hth
Reeve imp
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
cINULA PARVA. icin. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, liris
nodulosis longitudinalibus et transversis decussatd, aper-
turd pared ; albidd, nodulorum seriebus alternatim
aurantio-rufis et nigris.
mm sMALL RicrnuLa. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, crossed with nodulous longitudinal and trans-
yerse ridges, aperture small ; whitish, rows of nodules
alternately orange-red and black.
ab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
The smallest of the group hitherto observed.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
TCINULA DEFORMIS. icin. test@ ovatd, basi. attenuata,
spird peculiariter abbreviatd, longitudinaliter plicatd,
transversim nodoso-liratd, labro incrassato ; liris trans-
versis interstitiisque alternatim rufescente-luters et
fuscis.
‘WB DEFORMED RicinuLa. Shell ovate, attenuated at
the base, spire peculiarly shortened ; longitudinally
plicated, transversely nodosely ridged, lip thickened ;
transverse ridges and interstices alternately reddish
yellow and brown.
9
Hab.
Peculiarly characterized by the depressed obesity of the
spire.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicinuLa Exits. Ricin. testd fusiformi, spird acuminata ;
anfractibus rotundatis, concentrice tenuicostatis, liris
subtilibus eleganter cancellatis ; lutescente-albd, liris
inter costas seriatim fuscescentibus.
Tue peicate Rrcrnuta. Shell fusiform, spire acumi-
nated, whorls rounded, concentrically finely ribbed,
elegantly cancellated with delicate ridges ; yellowish
white, ridges brown in zones between the ribs.
Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of Manila (among coarse
sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cwning.
A species of very elaborate sculpture.
RICINULA.
Pirate VI.
Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricnvta rosea. icin. testd ovatd, basi productd, spird
peculiariter abbreviata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter
nodoso-costatis, labro incrassato, apertura parva ; r0-
saced, fusco zonatd.
Tur rosz Rrcrnuxa. Shell ovate, produced at the base,
spire peculiarly shortened; whorls longitudinally
nodosely ribbed, hip thickened, aperture small; rose-
colour, zoned with brown.
Hab. Island of Masbate (in sandy mud at the depth of
five fathoms) ; Cuming.
Somewhat akin in form to the R. deforms.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
RIcINULA ARMILLATA. Ricin. testa pyramidali-ovatd,
spird acute acuminata ; anfractibus carind unicd no-
dos superne cingulatis, fra nodoso-costatis, mter-
stitiis levibus ; albidd, nodis zonatim nigris et albis,
carine nodis lutescentibus.
BEADED Ricrnuxa. Shell pyramidally ovate, spire
sharply acuminated, whorls encircled round the upper
part with a single nodolous keel, nodosely ribbed be-
neath, interstices smooth ; whitish, nodules alter-
nately black and white in zones, nodules of the keel
THE
yellowish.
Hab. Island of Ticao,
water) ; Cuming.
A prettily beaded shell with rather a sombre arrange-
ment of colours.
Philippines (under stones at low
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.
Rrova Brcatenata. Ricin. testa subtrigono-fusiformi,
longitudinaliter costatd, transversim tenuissime liratd,
liris duabus centralibus prominentioribus muricato-
squamatis ; fused, liris prominentibus centralibus albis.
Tue pouRLE-cHaINED Rrcrnuta. Shell somewhat trian-
gularly fusiform, longitudinally ribbed, transversely
very finely ridged, the two central ridges more promi-
nent, prickly sealed; brown, the two central ridges
white.
Hab. ?
Somewhat of a triangularly fusiform shape.
' October, 1856.
RICINULA.—Ptare VI.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinvta ruta. Ricin. testé ovatd, basi subproductd,
spire apice subobtusd ; anfractibus rotundatis, concen-
tricé nodoso-costatis ; rufo undique zonatd, nodis albis.
THE RED Rrcrnuxa. Shell ovate, a little produced at the
base, apex of the spire rather obtuse ; whorls rounded,
concentrically nodosely ribbed; zoned throughout with
red, nodules white.
Hab. ?
A prettily beaded shell.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
RicrnuLa FERRUGINOSA. Ricin. testd subfusiformi-ovaté,
liris obtuso-nodulosis undique clathratd ; ferrugineo-
Susco, zonis duabus albidis inter nodulis cingulald.
THE Rusty RrctnuLa. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
latticed throughout with obtusely noduled ridges;
rusty-brown, encircled with two zones white between
the nodules.
)
Hab.
Characterized by two narrow white zones, the nodules
upon which are of the same dark rusty brown as the rest
of the shell.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricrnuta winezata. Ricin. testd ovatd, obesi, solidd,
longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatd ; albé, lineis plumbeo-
nigris cingulata.
THE LINEATED RicrnuLa. Shell ovate, stout, solid, longi-
tudinally nodosely plicated; white, encircled with
lead-black lines.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
Easily recognised by its style of painting.
Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricrnuia acuminata. Ricin. testd ovata, spird acuminata;
anfractibus longitudinaliter obsolete plicato-costatis, su-
perne unicarinatis, infra tenuiliratis ; luteo-fuscescente.
THE ACUMINATED RicinuLA. Shell ovate, spire ac
minated; whorls longitudinally obsoletely plicate
ribbed, with a single keel round the upper part, fine
ridged beneath ; yellowish brown.
Hab. i)
A cross-beaded shell of an uniform yellowish broy
colour. :
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
RICINULA RECURVA.
gibbosd, utringae attenuatd, basi recurvd, anfractib
concentricé plicato-costatis, costis latiusculis, confert
superne unicarinatis, infra tenuiter liratis; luteo-aura
tid, fascia albidd medio cingulatd.
THE RECURVED RicrnuLa. Shell shortly ovate, gibbo
round the middle, attenuated at each end, recury:
at the base ; whorls concentrically plicately ribbe
ribs rather broad, close-set, a single keel round tl
upper part, finely ridged beneath ; yellowish orang
encircled round the middle with a white band.
Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming.
Ricin. testé abbreviato-ovatd, mea
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ricinvua EcHINATA. Ricin. testd ovatd, utrinque atte
uatd, longitudinaliter plicato-costatd transversim pect
hiariter liratd, liris angustis tubulosis, costas super pu
cherrimé echinato-squamatis, lirarum interstitiis exet
vatis ; albidd, punctis crocato-rufis seriatim pictd.
THE PRICKLE-ARMED Ricinuta. Shell ovate, attenuate
at both ends, longitudinally plicately ribbed, tran:
versely peculiarly ridged, ridges narrow, tubulow
beautifully prickly scaled upon the ribs, interstice
between them excavated ; whitish, painted with row
of faint saffron red dots.
9
Hab.
Of a character totally distinct from that of any specie
that have preceded it; the varieties of sculpture and ar
rangement of colour in the semi-Ricinuloid series of thi
genus are truly interesting.
REC EN U1 As.
[Temporary Index. |
Plate. Species. Plate. Species.
acuminata; eevee. staan. We 52 fuimiculatameAecuer eee eats 1 16
albolabris, Ie Blainville ........ He 5 heptagonalis, eeve............ Il. 17
alveolata, (Purp.) Kiener....... IV. WB} MN Mntshsloy MAE sono nadacoeoaous V. 36
arachnoides, Lamarck .......... 5 horrida, Lamarck ...........-. 7J. 3
anni | lata Ceres acietsie VI. 49 iodostoma, Lesson ............- If 4.
aspera, UMMarck . xeoeo. 2~- «i - II. 13 LOStomasACCCCN eee ee V. 37
MASEL ICLASILCEDEI. ten cionciotereesis, 25, od IV. 30 lauibaapleene eit scu ta crepocess setae me aL 24,
bell ayeAeere tare ectey tana erie, Il. 15 lEEL IAD? po ngogenponaacon Wil, 51
NGG Jide scagoonasnane we 48 lobata, De Blainville........... I. 2
Cadena, iano eaaoeecasonee | Ave 22 mendicaria (Colwmb.), Lamarck .. II. §
cavernosa, Reeve .......... Rony, MNS 38 moh, IPR aescoocasoness IL 10
chaidea, (Purp.) Duclos........ III. 21 Mis OH ICT e oe doco ee Oar Hc We 39
chrysostoma, Deshayes ......... I. 12 MANIC JOM? seeoogesseoue Il 6
clathrata, Lamarck ...... Miive, We ile 9 ocellatawericeve amenieieteic cieit: We 34
concatenata ( ihiipen): sana 55 NE 18 ochrostoma, Reeve ............ IV. 31
CONCINN aS heeve 4. yates ieee avs 35 INCH IO On paies code Sabcos Oe VI. 43,
Gomme, 124A Se oceacodasco us V. 32 pisolina, Damarck ............. II. 6
crocostoma; Meeve........-2... V- 40 porphyrostoma, Reeve.......... IL. 7
dealbata; Reeve). 5. cae veces seuss IV. 26 ulchrawicevemerre retake II. 20
Gtitomns, JOA 55s oqnnea be oo s0 VI. 44, MECULV Asp ALCCUC Earn etree a tie VI. 53
digitata, Lamarck ............. I 2 TOSCABCCUON 5 ts) Seed eee VI. 46
echinata, Reeve ...... Poa OA 54 KUtilaeieeve eer. t orn Vi. 49
elata, (Purp.) De Bie ‘lie, nee oe IV. 27 siderea,, Reeve manises secrete Il. 14
elegans, Broderip . EO Pree 1 Reta, JN oe ooeccoceoac: 10 19
elongata, (Purp.) De Blaine ile so UNG 25 trifasciataseever merce e 41
EXUMTA COVES sea acai ax Sleuekay ors noreiete VI. 45 tuberculata, De Blainville ...... 101 ila)
ferruginosa, Reeve............. Wile 50 turbinella, (Purp.) Kiener ...... We 42
fiscellum, (Murexr.) Chemnitz .... IV. 28 zonatay REGves wee oe eee 33
forticostatds eevee ssc sss a ak IV. 29
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MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
POON OCO Heh Ors.
“Then were they known to men by various names.’ —Mz2/ton
:)
;
. Vonoceros 1 1
Sowerby del et ith Reeve ime
MONOCEROS.
Puate I.
Genus Monoceros, Lamarck.
Testa ovata, spird nunc elatd, nunc subdepressd, anfractu
ultimo inflato, basi emarginato ; columella ampla, de-
pressiusculd, interdum subindistincté plicatd ; labro
processu dentiformi, acutissimo, elongato, prope basin
armato. Operculum corneum.
Shell ovate, spire sometimes elevated, sometimes a little
depressed, last whorl inflated, emarginated at the
base; columella large, rather depressed, sometimes
indistinctly plaited, lip armed near the base with a
very sharp elongated dentiform process or tooth.
The genus Monoceros of Lamarck, introduced almost
simultaneously by De Montford under the title of Uni-
sornus, is characterized solely by the conspicuous tooth
which becomes developed towards the base of the lip; the
genus is not, however universally admitted, the animals
of Monoceros and Purpura are the same, and there are
many of the Purpure which exhibit indications of a tooth.
The species are very limited in number, and no additions
have been made to the catalogue during the last few years.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monocrros unicarinatum. Mon. testd ovato-oblongd,
subfusiforimi, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angulum
subobsolete carinatis, transversim impresso-striatis, aper-
ture fauce denticulatd ; cinereo-albicante, areis inter
strias fusco-nigricante articulatis, apertura albicante,
rufo interdum exiliter tinctd.
THE ONE-KEELED Monoceros. Shell ovately oblong,
somewhat fusiform, whorls angulated round the upper
part, rather obsoletely keeled at the angle, trans-
versely impressly striated, interior of the aperture
denticulated; ashy white, spaces between the striae
articulated with brownish black, aperture whitish,
sometimes faintly tinged with red.
Sowersy, Conch. Ilus. Monoceros, fig. 5.
Purpura spicata, De Blainville.
Purpura engonata, Conrad.
Hab. Santa Barbara, California (under stones at low water) ;
Nuttall.
This is unquestionably a true Monoceros; M. Kiener,
who includes the species among his ‘ Pourpres buccinoides,’
under De Blainville’s name of P. spirata, has represented
a specimen in an early stage of growth before the tooth is
developed.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros punctatum. Mon. testd subglobosd, crassa,
levigatd, labro intus denticulato, lutescente-albd, fasciis
tribus nigripunctatis cinctd, aperturé rufo pallide
tincta.
Tue poTrep Monoceros. Shell somewhat globose,
thick, smooth, lip denticulated within; yellowish-
white, encircled with three black-dotted bands, aper-
ture faintly stained with red.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 124.
Purpura lapilloides, Conrad.
Hab. Isle of Cocos, north-west coast of Mexico (on the
rocks); Capt.Colnett. Santa Barbara; Nuttall.
This species, although found in the same locality with the
preceding, is perfectly distinct, and may be recognized by
its more solid globose structure and dotted bands.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros eiaanreum. Mon. testé oblongo-fusiformi,
medio ventricosd, basi attenuata, levigatd, transversim
obsolete costatd, columella inferne subplanulati, labro
simplici, integro, aperturd ampld ; pallidé luteo-fusces-
cente, costis saturatioribus, aperture fauce croced.
THE GIGANTIC Monoceros. Shell oblong fusiform, ven-
tricose in the middle, attenuated at the base, smooth,
transversely obsoletely ribbed, columella a little flat-
tened towards the lower part, lip simple, entire ;
aperture large; pale yellowish brown, ribs darker,
interior of the aperture yellow.
Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, (1826), Moll. p. 405. p. 11.
f. 4.
Monoceros Fusoides, King, Zool. Journ. (1830).
Hab. Conception, Chili (in rocky places at a depth of from
three to five fathoms); King.
Very few examples of this fine species have yet been
found in good condition; M. Lesson appears to have pre-
ceded Capt. King in the discovery of it by three or four
years,
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monocrros BREVIDENTATUM. Mon. testd ovatd, crassa,
spird brevi, subacuminata, transversim impresso-striata,
obsolete triseriatim nodoso-costatd ; cinereo-nigricante,
maculis albis cinetd, apertura alba.
September, 1846.
MONOCEROS.—P tate I.
THE SHORT-TooTHED Monoceros. Shell ovate, thick, Purpura cornigera, De Blainville.
spire short, somewhat acuminated, transversely im- Testa junior, Purpura ocellata, Kiener.
pressly striated, encircled with three obsolete noduled | Had. Xipixapi and Monte Christi, West Columbia (in
ribs; ashy blackish, encircled with white spots, aper- crevices of rocks at low water); Cuming.
ture white. The tooth, though perfectly developed, is rather minute
Gray, Wood’s Index Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 10. in this species.
Monocervs F.
Reeve imp
MONOCEROS.
iBrarE Tl
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
MoNOcEROs TUBERCULATUM. Mon. testd ovatd, basi um-
bilicatd, spird brevi, plus minusve exsertd, anfractibus
superné depressiusculis, transversim plicato-costatis,
costis angustis tuberculatis, tuberculis compressis, supe-
rioribus valde prominentioribus, costarum interstitiis
sulcatis, apertura oblonga, fauce lineata ; lutescente-
alba, apertura carned.
THE TUBERCULATED Monoceros. Shell ovate, umbili-
cated at the base, spire short, more or less exserted,
whorls narrow, tuberculated, tubercles compressed,
upper ones very prominent, interstices between the
ribs grooved, aperture oblong, interior lineated ;
yellowish white, aperture flesh-tinted.
Gray; Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Monoceros, fig. 9.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks) ;
Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by the narrow compressed tuber-
cled structure of the ribs.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
MoNOCEROs GRANDE.
breviusculd, acuta, anfractibus superne concavis, trans-
versim costatis, costis grandibus peculiariter crebri-
squamatis, squamis utringue depresso-fornicatis, subinde
latioribus, interstitiis profundeé excavatis, liris minute
squamatis ornatis, apertura ovata, fauce lineata, labro
laqueato, dente subelongato, conspicuo ; purpureo-fuscd,
apertura alba, columella rufo tincta.
THE GREAT Monoceros. Shell ovate, thick, spire rather
short, sharp, whorls concave round the upper part,
transversely ribbed, ribs large, peculiarly closely
scaled, scales depressly vaulted on either side, now
and then wider, interstices deeply excavated, orna-
mented with minutely scaled ridges; aperture ovate,
interior lineated, lip fluted, tooth rather elongated,
conspicuous ; purple brown, aperture white, columella
tinged with red.
Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 124.
Purpura Grayi, Kiener.
Mon. testé ovatd, crassa, spird
Hab. James Island, Gallapagos, (in the clefts of rocks at
low water); Cuming.
M. Kiener appears to be unacquainted with the beauty
and grandeur of this magnificent species, having questioned
the propriety of Mr. Gray’s generic arrangement of it
merely from the circumstance of his having no other than
a young specimen, in which the tooth was scarcely deve-
loped.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monocrros MURICATUM.
hiariter depresso-truncatd, anfractibus superné planatis,
transversim costatis, costis, quarum superioribus valdé
Mon. testé ovatd, spird pecu-
majoribus, tuberculatis et creberrimée squamatis, cos-
tarwm interstitiis sulcatis et squamatis ; columella pla-
niusculd ; apertura semi-ovald, fauce lineatd ; carneo-
fusca, columella labroque rufescentibus.
THE PRICKLY Monoceros. Shell ovate, spire peculiarly
depressly truncated, whorls flattened round the upper
part, transversely ribbed, ribs, the upper of which are
much the largest, tuberculated and closely scaled,
interstices between the ribs grooved and scaled ; colu-
mella rather flattened; aperture semi-ovate, interior
lineated ; fleshy brown, lip and columella reddish.
Purpura muricata, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832,
p- 125.
Purpura truncata, Duclos, Magazin de Zool., 1833,
pl. 22. f. 2.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the crevices of rocks) ;
Cuming.
The MW. muricatum is chiefly distinguished from the
M. tuberculatum by its more depressed form, and by the
peculiarly broad squamate structure of the ribs; there is a
close affinity between them, but the series of each species
in various stages of growth, in Mr. Cuming’s collection,
sufficiently demonstrate the difference in their specific
character. M. Duclos’ figure, ike M. Kiener’s of the
preceding species, is evidently drawn from an immature
toothless specimen.
September, 1846.
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MONOCEROS.
Puate III.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros PLUMBEUM. Mon. testé globoso-ovatd, crass,
ponderosa, spira brevissimd, acutd ; anfractibus superne
tumidis ; columellé arcuatd, basi mucronata, superne
callosa, labro tenui, simplici, dente parvo basem versus
munito ; aurantio-luted, epidermide crassd olivaceo-
Suscd induta.
THE LEADEN Monoceros. Shell elobosely ovate, thick,
ponderous, spire very short, sharp; whorls swollen
round the upper part; columella arched, pointed at
the base, callous at the top, lip thin, simple, furnished
towards the base with a small tooth; orange-yellow,
covered with a thick olive-brown epidermis.
Buccinum plumbeum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi.
p- 86. pl. 188. f. 1806, 1807.
Buccinum plumbeum, (Sect. Les Monodontes), Deshayes.
Eburna plumbea, Sowerby.
9
Hab.
This appears to be the most natural situation for this
vevata species ; its generic character is far removed from
the type of Buccinum.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros LuGuBRE. Mon. testd ovatd, subventricosd,
anfractibus costis tribus vel quaternis rudis cingulatis,
costis hie illic tumidis, inciso-striatis, interstitiis lacu-
nosis, aperture fauce denticulatd, dente marginali
longissimo incurvo ; fuscd, maculis flammulisve nigris
variegatd, columella et aperture fauce purpureo-fuscis.
THE MOURNING Monoceros. Shell ovate, somewhat
ventricose, whorls encircled with three or four rude
ribs, ribs swollen here and there, engraved with stri,
interstices guttered, interior of the aperture denticu-
lated, marginal tooth very long, curved inwards ;
brown, variegated with black blotches or flames, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture purple-brown.
SoweErsy, Genera of Shells, Monoceros. f. 3.
Buccinum cymatum, Solander MSS.
Monoceros cymatum, Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue.
Monoceros armatum, Gray, Wood Ind. Test. Supp.
Hah. California (on rocks) ; Belcher.
This species originally received the name of Buccinum
eymatum from Dr. Solander, and the manuscript in which
it occurs is accessible to all who desire to consult it
among the records in the library of the British Museum ;
it cannot however, in justice to foreign authors, be re-
garded of any authority, and the word cymatum has never
been published except in an equally inauthentic inventory
of species in the Tankerville Catalogue. If Mr. Sowerby,
to whom this confusion of names is incidentally due, had
issued a description or figure of the species, under its
original title, in his valuable appendix to that Catalogue,
it would have been duly established ; but, as this is not
the case, the species becomes entitled to the new name of
lugubre, somewhat indisereetly introduced by the same
author in his ‘ Genera of Shells.’
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros tmpricatum. Mon. testd ovatd, ventricosd,
iris subangustis undique cingulatd, liris interstitiisque
densissime imbricato-squamosis, aperturd, dilatatd, den-
te longissimo, erecto; rufescente-fuscé columella cet
aperture fauce albis.
THE IMBRICATED Monoceros. Shell ovate, ventricose,
encircled throughout with rather narrow ridges,
which, together with the interstices are very thickly
imbricately scaled ; aperture dilated, tooth very long,
straight ; reddish-brown, columella and interior of
the aperture white.
Variety 8. (Fig. 10. 4.)
Testa levigata.
Shell smooth.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p. 119.
Buccinum monoceros, Chemnitz.
Buecinum monodon, Gmelin.
Rudolpha monodon, Schumacher.
Variety 8, Monoceros striatum? Lamarck.
Hab. Cape Horn.
It would scarcely be supposed that there are states of
this species in which the imbricating scales almost wholly
disappear ; in the specimen represented at Fig. 10 4, there
is only just sufficient indication of the squamate sculpture
at the lip to identify it.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros cincuLatum. Aon. testd ovatd, spirad sub-
prominuld, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis, liris
September, 1846.
MONOCEROS.—Ptats Ill.
planis, subobsoletis, undique cingulatis, interstitis
striatis, lird minutd labrum versus medio decurrente,
columella uniplicatd, apertura breviusculd, dente acuto,
incurvo ; intus extusque alba, liris nigerrimo-fuscrs,
epidermide luteo-fused indutd.
Tur GrrRDLED Monoceros. Shell ovate, spire rather
prominent, whorls concavely depressed round the
upper part, girdled throughout with rather obsolete
flattened ridges, interstices striated, with a minute
ridge running through the middle towards the lip ;
columella one-plaited ; aperture rather short; tooth
sharp, incurved ; white within and without, ridges
very dark brown, covered with a yellowish-brown
epidermis.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. x. p.118.
Turbinella cingulata, Kiener.
Buccinum pseudodon, Burrows.
Hab. Panama (in clefts of rocks at low water); Cuming.
Quite inseparable from the present group, although
distinguished, like Tubinellus, by a winding plait upon the
columella.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros caucar. Mon. testé suborbiculari-ovata,
concavo-depressd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus ventri-
cosis, liris interstitiisque densissimé imbricato-squa-
matis, apertura ampliter dilatatd, dente longissimo,
erecto ; rufescente-fuscd, columella et aperture fauce
albis.
Tur spur Monoceros. Shell somewhat orbicularly
ovate, concavely depressed, spire rather narrow, ridges
and interstices between them very thickly imbricately
scaled, aperture largely dilated, tooth very long and
erect; reddish brown, columella and interior of the
aperture white.
Drsuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 122.
Buccinum calcar, Martyn, Universal Conchology.
vol. 2. pl. 50.
Monoceros breve, Sowerby.
Hab. Cape Horn.
This only differs from the Af. imbricatum in respect 0
form; the sculpture is the same.
Monoce
Reeve imp
MONOCEROS.
Puate IV.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
TonocEROS acumMINATUM. Mon. testi oblongo-ovatd,
spird peculiariter acuminatd ; spiraliter liratd, liris
pares, subdistantibus, liris interstitiisque tenuissime
squamatis, squamis interdum in laminis continuiter
decurrentibus ; albidd, ferrugineo-fusco varid, apertura
alba, labri margine intus purpureo-fusca.
HE ACUMINATED MoNOCEROS. Shell oblong-ovate,
spire particularly acuminated, spirally ridged, ridges
small, rather distant, ridges together with the inter-
stices very finely scaled, the scales sometimes running
down continuously in lamine ; white, variegated
with rusty brown, aperture white, edge of the lip
tinged within with purple-hrown.
SowERBY, Conch. [lustrations, Monoceros, Fig. 10.
Hab. Valdivia, Chili (on rocks at low water); Cuming.
Approximating very closely in general character to the
M. crassilabrum, but so widely removed from it in form,
that it is impossible to be reconciled to the propriety
of maintaining the A. calcar and imbricatum, as distinct
species without adopting the distinction in the present
case.
———————
Species 14. (Fig. a, b,c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Monoceros crasstLaprum. Mon. testa ovata, crassis-
sima, ponderosa, aut levigatd aut
aperturd parva, labro valde plano-incrassato, margine
interno, obsolete denticulato, dente acuto, erecto ; citrino
vel rubente-fusco, columellé labroque lacteis.
es
squamilirata ;
Tue tTHICK-LIP Monoceros. Shell ovate, very thick,
ponderous, either smooth or scaly ridged ; aperture
small, lip very flatly thickened, inner edge obsoletely
denticulated, tooth sharp, erect ; citron yellow or
reddish brown, lip and columella milk-white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 120
Fig. 14 ¢. Monoceros globulus, Sowerby.
Fig. 14d. Monoceros citrinum, Sowerby.
Hab. Valparaiso, Chili (under stones at low water);
Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by its broad flattened lip.
Jp hy Se De eee
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
MonoOCEROS GLABRATUM. Mon. testé oblongo-ovatd, cras-
siusculd, spird subacuminatd ; anfractibus COnvELIS,
glabratis, labro oblique planato, dente acuto, erecto ;
rubente-fusco varia, labro et aperture fauce albis.
Tux smoota Monoceros. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thick, spire somewhat acuminated ; whorls convex,
smooth, lip obliquely flattened, tooth sharp, erect ;
variegated with reddish brown, lip and interior of
the aperture white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert.
p- 120.
Hab. Island of Chiloe (on rocks at low water); Cuming.
(Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x.
Little more, apparently, than an acuminated growth of
the preceding species.
September, 1546.
> 7
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_ ees Tag
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
De WEe Ti l AS
“ Well hast thou taught the way that might direct
Our knowledge, and the scale of Nature set
From center to cireumference.’—Milton.
Bullia P
Reeve
BULLE LA.
PrLate I.
Genus BULLIA, Gray.
Testa ovato-turrita, spird subulato-acuminatd, spire suturis
nune impressis, nunc callosis ; columella plus minusve
callosd, labro sepissimé simplici, aperturd basi late emar-
ginata; lutescente aut pallide livida.
Shell ovately turreted, spire subulately acumimated, sutures
of the spire sometimes impressed, sometimes callous ;
columella more or less callous, lip mostly simple,
aperture widely emarginated at the base; yellowish
or pale livid colour.
The genus Bullia was founded by Mr. Gray for the
purpose of distinguishing a very natural group of species,
intermediate between Buccinum and Terebra, and of which
the Buccinum levissinum and Terebra vittata of Lamarck,
may be regarded as typifying a peculiarity of character
fully borne out by a difference in the animal, which, ac-
cording to the representations of MM. Quoy and Gaimard,
is remarkably characterised by the wide expansion of its
ventral disc.
Of the multifarious genera enumerated by Mr. Gray in
his ‘Synopsis of the Collection of the British Museum’,
few are more deserving of attention than the present,
introduced in his ‘Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage of the
Blossom’; not only are the shells distinguished by a subu-
late turreted growth, different from that of any Teredra,
and are for the most part of a curious callous formation,
but they possess a livid peculiarity of colouring and texture
which assumes a certain degree of generic importance.
The species at present known are about two- or three-
and twenty in number, several of which have been con-
founded together, for want of investigation, under similar
names. They do not appear to be confined to any parti-
cular locality ; in respect to their habits, the author notices
that they “‘ are found crawling on the sand in bays; they
generally remain at the bottom of the water, and are easily
caught alive with a bit of meat tied at the end of a strings
as they immediately attach themselves to it.”
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buiiia tenuis. Bul. testd tenuiculd, acute turritd, basem
versus ventricosd, spire suturis subimpressis ; anfrac-
tibus levigatis, supra suled unicd minutd, infra sulcis
subtilibus plurimis cingulatis, aperturd latiusculd ; sor-
dide albd.
Tue THIN Buiira. Shell rather thin, sharply turreted,
ventricose towards the base, sutures of the spire
rather impressed; whorls smooth, encircled with
several fine grooves below and a single minute one
above, aperture rather wide ; dull white.
Gray, MSS., British Museum.
Fab. ?
A thin delicate species, comparatively smooth, and white.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buia armata. Bul. testd turritd, spire suturis callosis ;
anfractibus superné angulato-declivibus, nodis promi-
nentibus submucronatis irregularibus ad angulum arma-
tis; columella superné callosd ; albidd, fasciis duabus
rufo- vel ceruleo-fuscis latiusculis ornata.
THE ARMED Buia. Shell turreted, sutures of the spire
callous; whorls angularly slanting round the upper
part, armed at the angle with irregular prominent
pointed nodules; columella callous at the upper part ;
whitish, ornamented with two rather broad reddish
or blueish-brown bands.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 26.
Buccinum moniliferum, Valenciennes.
Hab. ?
Easily distinguished from any other species at present
known, by the armature of elevated nodules with which
the whorls are coronated.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buia Grapata. Bul. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, spird
euserti, suturis callosis ; anfractibus supernée depresso-
planis, subgrundaé rotundatdé marginatis undique levir
gatis, columella supra callosd ; pallidé luteo-spadiced,
rufo-fusco hie illic longitudinaliter flammatda.
Tue step Buiira. Shell ovate, rather thick, spire ex-
serted, sutures callous; whorls depressly flattened
round the upper part, margined with a rounded ledge,
smooth throughout; columella callous above; pale
yellowish bay, longitudinally flamed here and there
with reddish-brown.
Desuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 186.
Hab. ——?
This shell was referred by Mr. Gray in his ‘ Zoology of
December, 1846.
BULLIA.—Ptatez I.
Beechey’s Voyage’, and by M. Kiener in his ‘Iconographie’,
to the Buccinum cochlidium of Chemnitz, until M. Deshayes,
with his usual acumen, observed a marked dissimilarity
between the shell here represented and the figure in the
‘Conchylien Cabinet’. Upon the discovery of this want
of resemblance he introduced the species under considera-
tion with the name here adopted, and I am happy to bear
testimony to the value of his discrimination by publishing
in Plate IV. a figure of the true Buccinuim cochlideum of
Chemnitz, taken from a worn and rather mutilated speci-
men in the British Museum, the only one I have seen.
Fig. 4 proves to be merely a contracted belted growth
of the B. levigata, Sp.6. For Sp. 4 see Plate IV.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Butta GLosunosa. Bul. testd ovatd, ventricosd, spird
brevi; anfractibus superné rotundatis, undique levi- |
gatis, columella subcallosd, apertura subampla ; pur-
pureo- aut fuscescente-albd, columella luteo-aurantid.
THE GLOBULAR Buia. Shell ovate, ventricose, spire
short; whorls rounded at the upper part, smooth
throughout, columella somewhat callous, aperture
rather large; purple- or brownish-white, columella
yellowish orange.
Buceinum globulosum, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv.p. 2. pl.10. £.3.
Hab. ?
Distinct from the following, the globose variety of which
it approximates in general aspect ; the sutures of the spire
are not filled up with any callous deposit of enamel,
the shell is of a more rude obtuse growth, and it is
distinguished by a different system of colouring.
Species 6. (Fig. 4 and 6, Mus. Cuming.)
BuLLIA LmvIeatTa. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, basem versus
inflata, spird acuta, suturis callosis, anfractibus undique
levigatis, sulco parvo subobsoleto superne cingulatis ;
apertura subampla ; purpureo-albida, rubiginoso apicem
versus tinctd, columella albd, macula purpureo-fuscd
ornatd.
Tur smootH Buuura. Shell ovately turreted, inflated
towards the base, spire sharp, sutures callous, whorls
smooth throughout, encircled round the upper part
with a small rather obsolete groove; aperture rather
large ; purple-white, stained towards the apex with
rusty brown, columella white, ornamented with a
purple-brown blotch.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 127.
Buceinum levigatum, Martin.
Buecinum levissimum, Gmelin, Lamarck.
Nassa levissima, Deshayes.
2)
Hab.
@
This species, as shown by the examples represented at
Fig. 4 and 6, varies exceedingly in its growth, some speci-
mens being very much contracted and belted, whilst in
others the spire is sharply acuminated ; a character, too,
| which appears to be worth noticing as of constant oceur-
rence, is the purple brown blotch on the columella.
5 Bullia Plt
FLCEVE IMP
BULLIA.
Puate II.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buia GRAYI
iter attenuata, et acute aciculatd ; anfractibus levi-
gatis, transversim superficialiter sulcatis, costd callosd
pland spirali juxta suturam ; livido-fuscescente, costa |
spirali livido-albidd, columella albd, aperture fauce
rubiginosa.
Gray’s Bunrta. Shell ovately turreted, spire pecu-
liarly attenuated and sharply aciculated; whorls
smooth, transversely superficially grooved, with a
flattened callous spiral rib next the suture; livid
brown, spiral rib livid-white, columella white, inte-
rior of the aperture rust-brown.
Hab. iy
There is a magnificent specimen of this sharply acicu-
lated species in the British Museum, nearly twice the size
of the one here figured, and which I regret not having
observed until after the accompanying plate was engraved.
T consider it distinct from the smaller &. Mauwritiana, and
dedicate it to the founder of the genus.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Burra Bevancert. Bul. testd turritd, spire suturis
subprofundis, anfractibus levigatis, basi profundée sul-
catis, lird pland superne juxta suturam cingulatis ;
Bul. testdé ovato-turritd, spird peculiar-
apertura parviusculd; pallide lividd, lineis rufis exilibus |
undulatis longitudinaliter tincta.
BeLANGER’s Butta. Shell turreted, sutures of the spire
rather deep, whorls smooth, deeply grooved at the
base, encircled with a flattened ridge round the
upper part next the suture; aperture rather small ;
pale livid colour, stained longitudinally with waved
faint red lines.
Buccinum Belangeri, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 14. f. 48.
Buccinum politum, Deshayes (not of Lamarck) in
Bélanger’s Voyage.
Hab. Ceylon.
This species which may be easily recognised by its un-
dulating faint red lines, was figured by Martini, Conch.
Cab. vol.iy. pl.155. £.1468 ; and is one of many instances
of species published in that important work between sixty
and seventy years since, which escaped the observation of
Lamarck, and have since remained in obscurity.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLura virrata. Bul. testa elongato-turritd, spire suturis
subimpressis, anfractibus levigatis aut concentricée sul-
catis, superne jueta suturam tenuiplicatis ; albidd, aper-
ture fauce croced.
THE RIBAND Buuira. Shell elongately turreted, sutures
of the spire rather deep, whorls smooth or concentri-
cally striated, spirally delicately grooved, finely plaited
round the upper part next the suture; whitish, in-
terior of the aperture yellowish.
Buccinum vittatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12thedit.)p.1206.
Terebra vittata, Lamarck.
Hab. Ceylon.
Two species appear to have been confounded under this
head by Linnzeus and subsequent authors; that which I
retain to represent it, answers best with the Linnean
diagnose, and is the one figured in the ‘ Encyclopédie
Méthodique’, and by Kiener; the other species which
follows under the name B. livida, is that figured by
Martini and De Blainville.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buia tivipa. Bul. testa elongato-turritd, spire suturis
impressis, anfractibus levibus politis, spiraliter obsolete
impresso-striatis, superne juata suturam fortiter crenu-
lato-plicatis, labro incrassato, varicoso, aperturd brevi ;
livido-cerulescente, columellé alba, aperture fauce
rubiginosa.
Tue Livip Burita. Shell elongately turreted, sutures
of the spire impressed, whorls smooth, polished,
spirally obsoletely impressly striated, strongly crenu-
lately plicated round the upper part next the suture,
lip thickened, varicose, aperture short; livid-blue,
columella white, interior of the aperture rust-brown.
Hab. Zanzibar.
This species may be readily distguished from the for-
mer with which it has been hitherto confounded; the
plicated crenulations round the summit of each whorl are
much more strongly developed, whilst there are no con-
centric striae, the lip has a thickened varix, sometimes
two or three upon it, the uniform livid colouring of the
shell is characteristic, and it is from a very different locality.
December, 1846.
BULLIA.—Ptare If.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buitra Tanerrensts. Bul. testd turritd, anfractibus
rotundatis, transversim planiliratis, liris confertissimis,
duabus tribusve juata suturam quam ceteris distan-
tioribus, granosis, late «liter excavatis ; Jlavido-cinered,
aurantio-fusco hic illic punctatd, aperture fauce rubi-
ginosa.
Tue Tanerre Burtra. Shell turreted, whorls rounded,
transversely flatly ridged, ridges very close-set, two |
or three next the suture more distant than the rest, |
granose, excavated at the sides; yellowish ash colour,
dotted here and there with orange brown, interior of
the aperture rust-brown.
Gray, MSS. British Museun.
Hab. Taheite.
The only species at present known in which the shell is
disposed in spiral ridges.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Burtra Mauritiana. Bul. testé subulato-ovatd, spire
suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus levigatis, politis, sub-
obsolete spiraliter impresso-striatis, lird pland callosd
Juata suturam ; pallidé livida.
Tue Mavrrrius Buia. Shell subulately ovate, sutures
of the spire somewhat impressed; whorls smooth,
polished, rather obsoletely spirally impressly striated,
| THE ANNULATE BULLIA.
with a flattened callous ridge next the suture; pale
livid colour.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage p. 126.
Hab. Madagascar.
Closely approximating to the B. Grayi, but is less ven-
tricose towards the base, whilst the spire is less aciculated
at the apex; it is also uniformly smaller, although the spe-
cimens represented in the accompanying plate do not ex-
hibit that comparative difference of proportion.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
| Burira annunata. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, spire suturis
callosis, anfractibus supra plano-depressis, anguli mar-
gine rotundato, annulato, infra creberrime impresso-
striatis ; pallidé luteo-spadiced, columella alba.
Shell ovately turreted, sutures
of the spire callous, whorls flatly depressed round the
upper part, edge of the angle rounded, annulate, very
closely impressly striated beneath; light yellowish
bay, columella white.
Buccinum annulatum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Des-
hayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 156.
Nassa annulata, Deshayes.
Hab. ?
This and the B. gradata aud cochlidium, are the only
species at present known in which the whorls are depressly
flattened with a ledge round the summit.
Ll: Tia
Bulloa
Wa
ump
owerby del
BU Wil A
Prate III.
Fig. 14 proves to be a variety of the Bullia Mauritiana
Sp. 12. For Sp. 14 see Plate IV.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buiira TruNcATA. Bul. testd subulatd, basi peculiariter
truncata, anfractibus minutissimée spiraliter striatis,
striis numerosis, creberrimis ; columellé subobsoleté cor-
rugatd et verrucosa, callosi superne munitd, apertura
brevi, pared, fauce suleatd, labro incrassato, margina-
to ; lutescente-albia.
Tue truncated Buxiia. Shell subulate, peculiarly
truncated at the base, whorls very minutely spirally
striated, striae numerous, very close set; columella
rather obsoletely wrinkled and warty, furnished with
a callosity at the upper part, aperture short, small,
interior grooved, lip thickened marginated ; yellowish
white.
P
Hab.
Of very peculiar structure at the aperture.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Butta turrita. Bul. testd angustd, subulatd, anfracti-
bus levibus, e suturis subtilissime et irregulariter plica-
tis; columelld sulcata, subcontortd, apertura pared,
labro tenui ; lutescente-albd, fusco basi exiliter tincta.
THE TURRETED Buia. Shell narrow, subulate, whorls
smooth very finely and irregularly plaited from the
sutures; columella grooved, somewhat twisted, aper-
| ture small, lip thin; yellowish-white, faintly stained
round the base with brown spots,
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 126.
Hab. ?
_ The form of this shell at the base approaches that of
Terebra, but it is of lighter growth and readily distinguised
as belonging to the present group.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buira semirLamMeEa. Bul. testé ovato-turritd, levigatda,
aut striis minutissime decussatd, basi sulcatd : columellad
callosd, basi mucronata ; lutescente-albd, maculis rubi-
dis quadratis longitudinaliter flammatis medio cingu-
lata.
THE HALF-FLAMED Buu. Shell ovately turreted, smooth,
or very minutely decussated with striz, grooved round
the base; columella callous, pointed at the base ;
yellowish white, encircled round the middle with a
row of ruddy square spots which are flamed down-
wards.
>
Hab.
This species is strongly characterized by its spiral chain
of longitudinally flamed ruddy spots.
Species 19. (Fig. a, 6 and c. Mus. Cuming.)
Buia semipricata. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, spira
acute aciculatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter fortiter
plicatis, costa callosd spirali subconspicud juxta sutu-
ram, anfractu ultimo levigato, plicis evanidis ; colu-
mellé callosé; albidé aut lutescente, fasciis duabus,
rufo- aut violaceo-fuscis interdum cingulata.
THE HALF-PLAITED Buttra. Shell ovately turreted,
spire sharply aciculated, whorls longitudinally strongly
plaited, with a rather conspicuous spiral callous rib
next the suture, last whorl smooth, the plaits fading
away ; columella callous ; whitish or yellowish, some-
times encircled with two reddish or violet-brown
bands.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage. p. 127.
Hab. ?
Distinguished by the strongly plaited growth of the
first few whorls, and prominent spiral callous rib next the
suture; the spire is also peculiarly aciculated.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buni1a pourra. Bul. testé ovato-oblongd, subventricosa,
spird breviusculd, acutd ; anfractibus levigatis, vitreis,
nitidis, ad apicem ewiliter plicatis ; columella brevi,
excavatd, basi contortd, aperture fauce peculiariter
corrugatd, labro tenui, acuto ; livido-olivaced, fascia
nigricante-fuscd obscura prope suturam cingulata.
THE PoLIsHED Bututa. Shell ovately oblong, rather
short, sharp; whorls smooth, vitreous, shining, faintly
plaited at the apex; columella short, excavated,
twisted at the base, interior of the aperture peculiarly
wrinkled, lip thin, sharp ; livid olive colour, encircled
with an obscure blackish-brown band near the suture.
Buceinum politum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p.126.
December, 1846.
BULLIA.—Ptrate III.
Nassa polita,, Deshayes.
Hab. ?
One of the least acuminated of the genus, and presenting |
characters intermediate with those of Nassa.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buuura virrea. Bul. testd ovato-oblongd, spird acutd,
anfractibus levigatis, nitidis, aut minutissime concen-
trice striatis, ad apicem leviter plicatis ; columella ex-
cavata, subcontortd, aperture fauce levi, labro tenui,
acuto ; livido-fuscd, apicem versus rubiginosd, longitu-
dinaliter subtilissimé rufo-lineata.
THE viTREoUs Buutra. Shell ovately oblong, spire sharp, |
whorls smooth, shining, or very minutely concentri-
cally striated, slightly plaited at the apex; columella
excavated, somewhat twisted, interior of the aperture
smooth, lip thin, sharp; livid-brown or yellowish,
rust-colour towards the apex, marked with very fine |
longitudinal red lines,
| o
Hab.
2)
Very similar to the preceding, but certainly distinct.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
Butta pEForMIs. Bul. testd subquadrato-ovatd, crassa,
ponderosa, spird brevissimd ; anfractibus superné valde
caliosis, levibus, medio concavis; columella callosd,
apertura pared, labro acuto; lutescente, fascia viola-
ceo-fuscd obscura medio cingulata.
THE DEFORMED Buxiia. Shell somewhat squarely ovate,
thick, ponderous, spire very short; whorls very cal-
lous round the upper part, smooth, hollow round the
middle; columella callous, aperture rather small, lip
sharp; yellowish, encircled round the middle with
an obscure violet brown band.
Buccinum deforme, King, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 349.
Hab. Rio de la Plata; King.
Remarkable on account of its short ponderous callous
growth.
Bulli P/M
BeUai ial Ac
Prate IV.
Species 4. (Mus. Gray.)
BuLw1a pierratis. Bul, testd acuminato-turritd, basem
versus gradatim effusd, truncata, spire suturis subcallo-
sis, lined spirali incisis ; anfractibus levibus, ultimo
sulco spirali prope basem ; ferrugined, columella albidé,
aperture fauce purpureo-fuscescente.
Tue FINGER-sHAPED Buiira. Shell acuminately tur-
reted, gradually effused towards the base, truncated,
sutures of the spire rather callous and engraved with
a spiral line; whorls smooth, last whorl with a
spiral groove towards the base; rust colour, colu-
mella whitish, interior of the aperture purple-brown.
Buccinum digitale, Meuschen, Mus. Gevers. p. 296.
Buccinum achatinum, Lamarck.
Nassa achatina, Deshayes.
Bullia achatina, Gray.
2
Hab.
We are indebted to the accuracy of Mr. Dillwyn for
showing this to be the Buccinum digitale of Meuschen,
though it is probable one or two of its congeners were
confounded with it under the same title. The specific
name attachedto it by Lamarck is doubly inapplicable,
on account of the term Buccinum achatinum having been
already given by Muller and others to the type of his
genus Achatina (A. perdiv).
Species 14. (Brit. Mus.)
Burra sutcata. Bul. testd acuminato-turritd, basi sub-
effusd, anfractibus concentricé creberrime undulato-sul-
catis ; ceruleo-plumbed.
THE GRooveED Butta. Shell acuminately turreted, some-
what effused at the base, whorls concentrically very
closely undulately grooved; blueish lead colour.
Hab. ?
A peculiarly dark blueish lead-coloured shell of rather
solid structure, very closely concentrically grooved through-
out.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Butira semiusta. Bul. testd acuminato-turritd, basi
truncata, levigatd, politd ; anfractibus supra albidis,
infra ustulato-fuscis, columella eburned,
THE HALF-scoRCHED Buntta. Shell acuminately tur-
reted, truncated at the base, smooth, polished ; whorls
white above, bumt brown below, columella ivory-
white.
Hab. ?
Distinguished in form, as well as by its peculiar contras
of colouring.
Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)
Buia cocuiipium. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, tenuiculd,
anfractibus superné rotundatis et subcanaliculatis, levi-
bus, columellé arcuatd ; pallide fulvd.
THE WINpDING-starR Buia. Shell ovately turreted,
rather thin, whorls rounded and somewhat channelled
round the upper part, smooth; columella arched,
pale fulvous yellow.
Buccinum cochlidium, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. v. 11. p. 275.
pl. 209. f. 2053, 4.
?
Hab.
It may be observed that a considerable portion of the
shell here represented is broken away, but I value it as
enabling me to confirm the view taken by M. Deshayes,
that the Buccinum cochlidium of Chemnitz, with whose
figure this specimen accords, is specifically distinct from
the Bullia gradata with which it has been hitherto con-
founded.
Species 24. (Mus. Gray.)
Burra caLuosa. Bul. testa acuminatd, basem versus
gibbosd et effusd, spire suturis subprofundis, anfractibus
levibus, columelld arcuatd, truncata, callositate ampla
munitd ; ceruleo-fuscescente, callositate eburned, pur-
pureo-fusco tincta.
Tue cattous Burria. Shell acuminated, gibbous and
effused towards the base, sutures of the spire rather
deep, more or less callous ; whorls smooth, columella
arched, truncated, furnished with a large callosity ;
blueish-brown.
Buceinum callosum, Wood. Ind. Test. Supp.
?
Hab.
Remarkable for the callous deposit of enamel which
overspreads the columella and a considerable portion of the
body-whorl.
February, 1847.
BULLIA.—Ptate IV.
Species 25. (Mus. Gray.)
Buttra rHopostoma. Bul. acuminata, subventricosd,
spire suturis subprofundis, anfractibus levibus, fascid
callosé supra suturas ornatis ; lacted, aperture fauce
rufo-fuscd.
THE RED-MouTH Buta. Shell acuminated, somewhat
ventricose, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls
smooth, ornamented above the sutures with a callous
band; cream white, interior of the aperture reddish
brown.
Gray, MSS. (private cabinet).
Hab. ?
Of a peculiar cream colour and characterised by a band
of enamel deposited above the sutural line.
Species 26. (Mus. Gray.)
Buriia squarrpa. Bul. testd ovato-oblongd, ventricosd,
levi, basi subcontortd et recurvi, columellé arcuata;
Sulvo-fuscd, columella et aperture fauce aurantio-luteis,
Tue pirty Butta. Shell ovately oblong, ventricose,
smooth, somewhat twisted and recurved at the base,
columella arched; fulvous brown, columella and
interior of the aperture orange-yellow.
Buccinum squalidum, King, Zool. Journ. v. 5. p. 349.
Buccinum Paytense, Valenciennes, Kiener.
Hab. Payta,
T have not seen any example of this species with the
dark brown epidermis, represented by M. Kiener.
aagniiis (EVEN Soeroee Sone ar
annulata (Buc.), Lamarck ......
TRIES (Goo see nD oan eouoe
Belangeri (Buc.), Kiener .......
callosa (Buc.), Wood ..........
cochlidium (Buc.), Chemnitz ,...
deformis (Buc.), King .........
digitalis (Buc.), Meuschen .....
globulosa (Buc.), Kiener ......
gradata (Buc.), Deshayes ......
GMaL VS RLLCEVCN al =ovei anes cueve eset stare
levigata (Buc), Martini.......
lINGE, i720) eaaipadadeos dace
Mauritiana, Gray ...... 206+ a
BUD A
[Lemporary Index.]
Species.
13
2
2
anwakrywet
=
o
12
polita (Bue.), Lamarck
rhodostoma, Gray ............
SEMIUStay MCCUE inser sterersleietsinte
semiflammea, Reeve . .
semiplicata, Gray ....
squalida (Buc.), King .
sulcata, Reeve .......
Taheitensis, Gray ....
WME, (Fr01) eon sno oocccoouNs
CHUN CALAN LILCEUC a. severe) ctthererer-tey-
TuIitayy G7ypaetests1e ferrelsterletsr~
vitrea, Reeve ......--
vittata (Bue.), Linnzeus
Species.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
Betic Cb NU ME:
* Endued with various forms, various degrees
Of substance. ’—Jhlton,
Bucetnun 1
Re
Sowerby del etimth
BUCCINUM.
Puate I.
Genus Buccinum, Linneus.
Testa ovata vel fusiformi-oblonga, bast emarginata, interdum
subcanaliculata et plus minusve recurva; columella
plerumque levigatd ; apertura callositate aut denticulis
sepissime superne munitd ; labro tenuiculo, nunc sim-
plici, nunc crenulato.
Shell ovate or fusiformly oblong, base emarginated, some-
times channelled and more or less recurved; colu-
mella generally smooth; aperture most frequently
furnished with a callosity or denticles ; lip rather thin,
sometimes simple, sometimes crenulated.
The Latin word Buccinum, a trumpet, was applied
indiscriminately by the ancients to any sort of spiral
univalve shell; Linnzeus adopted the term in a more res-
tricted sense, yet his genus of that name included a multi-
tude of very anomalous character. Lamarck divided the
Linnean Buccina into several excellent acknowledged
genera, the chief portion of which constitute his family
Purpurifera; and it has been considered necessary to
institute a still further subdivision of those species dis-
tinguished by the titles Nassa, Bullia, Cyllene and Phos.
The Buccinum undatum and its congeners, though
mostly retained as the typical series, are separated by
M. Deshayes under the title of Zritoniwm, once assigned
to them by Miiller; they are mostly of northern origin,
and it cannot be disputed that they present a particular
uniformity of character, still there is a transition from this
characteristic group to an extensive and varied series,
mostly of smaller size, inhabiting the tropical regions,
which are of more solid growth, of brighter colours, and
of which the aperture is mostly distinguished by the
presence of a callosity or denticles. With these I include
Lamarck’s Purpure sertum, Francolina and lagenaria, also
Fusus articulatus of the same author, and numerous species
distinguished as a new genus by Mr. Gray with the name
of Pollia.
A number of interesting new species have now to be
added, collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands,
exhibiting an extremely interesting variety of form
—" and sculpture.
Species 1. (Fig. Kiener.)
~Buccinum ciuiatum. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, tenut, ven-
: tricosd, spiré acuta; anfractibus rotundatis, transver-
4
A
sim creberrime striatis ; columella brevi, subcontortd ;
apertura ampla ; carneo vel cinereo-fuscescente, obscure
fasciatd, flammulis fuscis longitudinaliter variegata.
THe HAIRY Buccinum. Shell ovately conical, thin, ven-
tricose, spire acute; whorls rounded, transversely
very closely striated; columella short, a little twisted,
aperture large; fleshy or ashy brown, obscurely
banded, variegated longitudinally with brown flames.
Fasricius, O. Fauna Grenlandica p. 401.
Buccinum ventricosum, Kiener.
An Buccinum Humphreysianum ? Bennett.
Hab. Newfoundland; Sowerby. Northern Seas; Kiener.
Massachusetts, United States, (taken from fishes
caught for the most part at the banks); Gould.
This species I regret to say I have not seen; there can
however be no fear of mistaking it from the striking figure
here copied from M. Kiener’s (though probably a little
exaggerated) and that of Dr. Gould in his invaluable
Report of the Invertebrates of Massachusetts. Of the
Buccinum Humphreysianum described by Mr. Bennett in
the Zoological Journal, specimens are said to have been
taken by some fishermen alive in Cork Harbour, perfectly
identical with some received from Newfoundland by
Mr. Sowerby.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Donovant. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, tenuiculd,
spird acuta ; anfractibus rotundatis, transversim lineatis
et obscuré carinatis, apicem versus concentrice plicatis ;
columelld brevi, aperturaé subquadrato-ovata ; albidé
aut fuscescente, epidermide indutd.
Donovan’s Bucctrnum. Shell ovately conical, rather
thin, spire sharp; whorls rounded, transversely
lineated and obscurely ridged, concentrically plicated
towards the apex; columella short, aperture some-
what squarely ovate; whitish or light brown, covered
with an epidermis.
Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 128.
Buccinum glaciale, Donovan.
Hab. Massachusetts, United States (inhabits the Bank
fishing grounds); Gould.
The shell here represented, it will be observed, does not
agree very accurately either with the figures of Donovan
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Piatez I.
or Dr. Gould; still, I believe it to be the species, whose | Tue acuminateD Bucctnum. Shell conically subulate,
most constant character is retamed in the short square-
like effusion of the aperture; the thickness and plicated
structure of this group varies, as will be noticed in
the following species, according to circumstances of
habitation.
Specics 3. (Mus. Cuming,)
Buccrnum unpatum. Bue. testd ovato-conicd, spird sub-
acuminata, suturis profundis ; anfractibus rotundatis,
transversim lineatis et liratis, concentricé plicatis,
plicis e suturis descendentibus ; albiddé aut pallide fer-
rugined epidermide seepissime induta.
THe wavep Buccinum Shell ovately conical, spire some-
what acuminated, sutures deep; whorls rounded,
transversely lineated and ridged, concentrically pl-
cated, folds descending out of the sutures; whitish,
or pale rusty colour, most frequently covered with an
epidermis.
Linn avs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1204.
Varietates,
Buccinum vulgare, Da Costa.
Buccinum striatum, Pennant.
Buccinum solutum. Dillwyn.
Hab. Shores of Europe and the United States.
This well known species, the common Whelk of our
market, varies in growth according to the situation it
inhabits ; in a rocky gravelly soil the shell is stout and
strongly plicated, on mud and in a soft bottom it is thin,
comparatively smooth and covered with a soft epidermis.
Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)
Bucctnum acumtnatum. Buc. testd conico-subulald,
basi contracta, anfractibus medio leviter concavis, trans-
versim regulariter liratis, interstitiis subtilissimé gra-
noso-striatis ; columellé uniplicatd, plicd subampld ;
alba, epidermide tenui partim induta.
contracted at the base, whorls shghtly concave in the
middle, transversely regularly ridged, interstices very
finely granosely striated; columella one-plaited, plait
rather large ; white, partially covered with a thin
epidermis.
Broperte, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 44. pl. 3. fig. 1 and 2.
Hab. Torquay, south coast of England.
This remarkable light Zeredra-like species, of which
there are in the British Museum two other smaller speci-
mens, was taken alive some twenty years since by a fisher-
man off Torquay, on the coast of Devonshire; the original
proprietor of the shell, Lord Kilcoursie, beg in the boat
at the time. It is of light structure and of singularly acu-
minated growth, approaching very much in these respects
to a specimen in the possession of John Bates, Hsq., R.N.,
Sec. Royal Yacht Society, thought to be a variety of
the B. glaciale, recently taken alive by a fisherman off
Cowes in one of the basket pots laid along shore in about
two or three fathoms water for catching Whelks.
Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)
Buccinum LapraporEense. Buc. testé conico-ovatd,
ventricosd, tenuiculd, anfractibus rotundatis, transver-
sim tenuissime striatis, e suturis subobsolete plicatis ;
albd, epidermide corned partim indutd, aperture fauce
pallide croced.
Tue Lasprapor Buccrnum. Shell conically ovate, ven-
tricose, rather thin, whorls rounded, transversely very
finely striated, rather obsoletely plicated from the
sutures; white, partially covered with a horny epi-
dermis, interior of the aperture pale saffron colour.
Hab. Uabrador; Lady K. Douglas.
This species, of which there are four or five specimens
in the British Museum, collected by Lady Katherine
Douglas, appears to be quite distinct from any hitherto
| recorded.
Bucenum Pl LY
Reeve
BUCCINUM.
Puate II.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum stenum. Bue. testd ovatd, subventricosd, sub-
Pyrulaformi, contortd, basi productd et oblique recurva ;
anfractibus transversim peculiariter minutissimée undu-
lato-striatis, superne angulatis, ad angulum plicato-
nodosis, nodis prominentibus ; apertura ampla ; cinered,
luteo-fuscescente tinctd, lineis castaneis subdistantibus
cingulata.
THe FLAG Bucctnum. Shell ovate, ventricose, somewhat
Pyrula-shaped, contorted, produced and obliquely re-
curved at the base; whorls transversely peculiarly
very minutely striated in a waved manner, angulated
round the upper part, plicately noduled on the angle,
nodules prominent, aperture large ; ash-colour stained
with yellowish brown, encircled with rather distant
chesnut brown lines.
P)
Hab.
A remarkable shell having somewhat the aspect of the
Purpura lineata, but of quite a different form; the general
character of this species, and of those which accompany it
in the present plate, has almost tempted me to introduce
them in a new and separate genus.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum trocuuus. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, basi
contortd, canaliculaté et recurvd, spird acutd; an-
Sractibus votundatis, undique creberrimé tenuiliratis,
prope apicem nodosis ; apertura oblonga, fauce irregu-
lariter et imterrupte lirata ; luteo-spadiced, lineis albis
distantibus cingulata.
THE LITTLE Top Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, twisted,
channelled and recurved at the base, spire sharp ;
whorls rounded, very closely finely ridged through-
out, noduled near the apex ; aperture oblong, interior
irregularly and interruptedly ridged; yellowish bay
colour, encircled with distant white lines.
:)
Hab.
Another characteristic species of rarity which does not
appear to have been hitherto recorded.
Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)
BuccinuM IMPERTALE. Bue. testd ovatd, tenuiculd,
inflata ; anfractibus transversim striatis et obscure
liratis, superné concavo-angulatis, ad angulum obtuse
carinatis ; apertura perampla ; sordidé albidd, auran-
tio-fusco, precipue ad angulum, maculatd et punctata.
THE IMPERIAL Buccrnum. Shell ovate, rather thin,
inflated ; whorls transversely striated and obsurely
ridged, concavely angulated round the upper part,
obtusely keeled at the angle; aperture very large;
dull white, blotched and dotted, especially at the
angle, with orange-brown.
Hab. ?
A species of very peculiar form and colouring, unique,
as far as I can ascertain, in our national collection.
Species 9. (Mus. Cwning.)
Buccinum Fusores. Bue. testé fusiformi, basi canali-
culataé et recurvd, transversim undique liratis, liris
angustis, confertiusculis, interstitiis longitudinaliter
striatis ; apertura oblonga, fauce liraté ; fuscescente,
iris maculis parvis saturatioribus profuse tinctis.
Tue Fusus-LrKe Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, channelled
and recurved at the base, transversely ridged through-
out, ridges narrow, rather close-set, interstices longi-
tudinally striated; aperture oblong, interior ridged ;
light brown, ridges profusely stained with small spots
of a deeper colour.
?
Hab.
If it were not that this species falls into the present
series, distinguished by the recurvature of the channelled
base, it might be referred with propriety to the genus
Fusus,
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum varicosum. Bue. testé subfusiformi-turrita,
basi canaliculatd et recurvd, spire suturis subimpressis,
anfractibus subrotundis, transversim conspicué elevato-
striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis obtusis, subdis-
tantibus ; aperturé parvd ; sordidé fuscescente.
Tur varicose Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly
turreted, channelled and recurved at the base,
sutures of the spire rather impressed; whorls nearly
round, transversely conspicuously elevately striated,
longitudinally ribbed, ribs obtuse, rather distant ;
aperture small; dull brown,
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—P tate II.
Murex varicosus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p.
256. pl. 162. f. 1546, 7.
>
Hab.
The Murex varicosus of Chemnitz falls so peculiarly into
this novel group of recurved-chamnelled Buccina, that I
included it in the series, before noticing that M. Kiener
had described it under the head of Fusws, and M. Deshayes
observed that it has as much the appearance of Buccinum
as of Fusus, (“coquille qui a autant Vapparence d’un
Buccin que Vun Fuseau”), and I incline to think the
situation to which I have here assigned it is the more ap-
propriate. Lamarck does not appear to have noticed the
species.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum CassIDARI®FORME. Bue. testé ovati, sub-
ventricosd, bast canaliculatd et recurvd; anfractibus
transversim undique subirregulariter sulcatis, superné
declivibus et angulatis, ad angulum conspicue nodosis ;
apertura oblonga, fauce liratd ; intus extusque fusco-
aurantia.
THE CASSIDARIA-SHAPED Bucctnum. Shell ovate,
rather ventricose, channelled and recurved at the
base; whorls transversely somewhat irregularly
grooved throughout, sloping and angulated round
the upper part, conspicuously nodose at the angle ;
aperture oblong, interior ridged; brownish-orange
within and without.
2
Hab.
None of the rare and interesting species of this plate
from Mr. Cuming’s cabimet and the British Museum were
collected by him, nor does he possess any information
as to their locality or circumstances of habitation.
mum Fl LL,
Buci
del
Reeve 2
ei et th
owerby
=)
BUCCINUM.
Puate III.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Nassorpgs.
apice acuminata ; anfractibus superné concavis, concen-
trice nodoso-plicatis, transversim obsolete liratis et sub-
tilissime striatis ; aurantio-fuscescente, nodulis lirisque
albidis.
Tue Nassa-LikE Buccinum. Shell pyramidally ovate,
acuminated at the apex; whorls concave round the
upper part, concentrically nodosely plicated, trans-
versely obsoletely ridged and very finely striated ;
orange-brown, nodules and ridges whitish.
a)
Buc. testé pyramidali-ovata,
Hab.
Mr. Cuming possesses no information relative to this
new and interesting species.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinuM sprraLe. Bue. testd ovatd, spird acuminaté,
| suturis profundis ; anfractibus superné plano-angulatis,
longitudinaliter obsolete tuberculato-plicatis, transver-
sim liratis, liris prominentibus, interstitiis excavatis et
. striatis ; aperture fauce sulcatd et crenatd ; alba, fusco
hic illic sparsim tineté.
Tue sprraL Buccrnum. Shell ovate, spire acuminated,
sutures deep; whorls flatly angulated round, the
upper part, longitudinally obsoletely tubercularly pli-
cated, transversely ridged, ridges prominent, inter-
stices excavated and striated ; interior of the aperture
grooved and crenate|; white, sparingly tinged here
and there with brown.
Pollia spiralis, Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage,p. 111.
Hab. Mauritius.
| Though not uncommon I find no mention of this species,
except in the work above quoted ; some collectors possess it,
named in manuscript B. fuscatum, but it is obviously not
the B. fuscatum of Bruguiére.
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
|
;
|
|
Buccrxum Eryrurostoma. Bue. testé ovatd, spira acu-
| minatd, anfractibus concentrice tuberculatis, transversim
| subtiliter et creberrimé liratis ; aperture fauce sulcatd
| et crenata ; lutescente, epidermide sericed indutd, tuber-
culis nigricante-fuscis, aperture fauce alba, columellé
labrique limbo interno rufis.
|
|
THE RED-MouTH Buccrnum. Shell ovate, spire acumi-
nated, whorls concentrically tuberculated, transversely
finely and closely ridged; interior of the aperture
grooved and ecrenated; yellowish, covered with a
silken epidermis, tubercles blackish brown, interior
of the aperture white, columella and inner margin of
the lip red.
Hab. Ceylon.
Easily distinguished by the characteristic blood red
colouring of the mouth.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinuM MELANOSTOMA.
ventricosd, anfractibus superné rotundato-cngulatis, su-
turis profundis, longitudinaliter plicato-undatis, trans-
versim irregulariter liratis et striatis, apertura ovat,
Sauce sulcata et crenatd ; aurantio-fused, maculis satura-
Buc. testé oblongo-ovatda, sub-
tioribus hic illic tincta, columella nigricante-fusca,
aperture fauce alba.
THE BLACK-mMouTH BucctNum. Shell oblong-ovate, some-
what ventricose, whorls rotundately angled round the
upper part, sutures deep, longitudinally plicately
waved, transversely irregularly ridged and striated,
aperture ovate, interior grooved and crenated ; orange
brown, stained here and there with spots of a darker
brown, columella blackish brown, interior of the aper-
ture white.
Sowersy, Tankerville Catalogue, Appendix, p. 21.
Hab. Ceylon.
M. Deshayes arranges this species together with the B.
sepimentum and plumbeum (Monoceros plumbeus, mihi), in a
separate section, under the title of “Les Monodontes”’; I
do not, however, see that it has any such affinity with
them. It may be easily distinguished from the B. Tran-
quebaricum with which species M. Kiener has confounded it,
under an impression that they are the same in different
ages.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum macutatum. Bue. test gibboso-ovatd, spird
breviusculd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, medio
turgidis, levibus, ad apicem tuberculato-nodosis ; colu-
mella excavatd, superne callosd et canaliculatd, basi am-
pliter emarginatd ; griseo-flavd, teniis fusco-articulatis
undique cingulata.
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Ptate III.
Tue sporrep Bucctnum. Shell gibbously ovate, spire
rather short, whorls slightly concave at the upper
part, swollen at the apex; columella excavated, cal-
lous and channelled at the upper part, base largely
emarginated; greyish yellow, encircled throughout
with brown-articulated fillets.
Martyn, Universal Conchology, vol. ii. pl. 49.
Buccinum adspersum, Chemnitz.
Buccinum turgidum, Dillwyn.
Buccinum testudineum, var. Wiener.
Hab. New Zealand.
I quite agree with M. Deshayes in the propriety of dis-
tinguishing this from the B. testudinewm, independent of
the specific difference which he notices in the animal.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum TRANQUEBARICUM. Buc. testd ovatd, subven-
tricosd, anfractibus superné rotundato-angulatis, longi-
tudinaliter fortiter plicato-costatis, transversim undique
liratis ; aperture fauce sulcata et crenata ; flavescente,
zond angustd albd interdum cingulatd, liris rufescenti-
bus, columella et aperture fauce albis.
Tur TRaNQuEBAR Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat
ventricose, whorls rotundately angled round the upper
part, longitudinally strongly plicately ribbed, trans-
versely ridged throughout; interior of the aperture
ridged and crenated; pale bright yellow, sometimes
encircled with a narrow white zone, ridges reddish,
columella and interior of the aperture white.
Nassa Tranquebarica Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. 4. p. 35. pl-
128. f. 1146, 7.
Hab. Tranquebar.
Not often so brightly coloured as the specimen here
figured, which is moreover distinguished by a central white
band.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccrnuM GULACTIALE.
suturis profundis, anfractibus subplanatis longitudina-
Buc. testdé subulato-ovatd, spire
liter oblique plicatis, transversi bi-tri-carinatis, carina-
rum interstitiis regulariter elevato-striatis; apertura
brevi, labro conspicue effuso; sordidée flavido-fuscd,
labro albo.
Tur rcy Buccinum.~ Shell subulately ovate, sutures of
the spire deep, whorls somewhat flattened, longitudi-
nally obliquely plicated, transversely two-three-keeled,
interstices between the keels regularly elevately
striated; aperture short, lip conspicuously effused ;
dull yellowish brown, lip white.
Linnavs, Syst. Nat. (12th. edit.) p. 1204.
Tritonium glaciale, Muller.
An eadem? Buccinum angulosum, Gray, Zool. Beechey’s
Voyage, p. 127. pl. 36. f. 6.
Hab. Northern Seas.
Thave not seen the fractured specimen from Iey Cape
described by Mr. Gray under the above mentioned name,
but fear nevertheless it is a variety of the present species.
Bucenum. Po.
Reev
th
owerby del eth:
c
S)
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrsum Mopestum Bue. testd ovato-fusiformi, basi
sulcatd, supra subtiliter striata ; apertura oblonga, labro
incrassato, marginato ; albidd aut lutescente, rufescente-
castaneo tinctd, in strigis juata suturas disposito, an-
fractu ultimo zond angusta albidé cingulata.
Tur mopest Buccrnum. Shell ovately fusiform, grooved
at the base, finely striated above; aperture oblong,
lip thickened, marginated; whitish or yellowish,
stained with reddish chesnut, arranged in streaks next
the sutures, last whorl encircled by a narrow white
zone.
Powis, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 94.
Hab. Bay of Montija, Central America (dredged from
muddy gravel at a depth of from seven to seventeen
fathoms) ; Cuming.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum costatum. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovatd, anfrac-
tibus transversim undique creberrimée sulcatis, superne
concavo-angulatis, ad angulum nodosis, wfra obsolete
plicato-costatis ; columella excavatd, aperture fauce
liratd ; albidé aut cinered, areis inter sulcos transver-
sos rufo-fusco articulatis, columella aurantio-fuscd,
aperture fauce alba.
Tue riBBeD Bucctnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls
transversely very closely grooved throughout,concavely
angled round the upper part, nodose at the angle,
obsoletely plicately ribbed beneath, columella exca-
vated, callous and channelled at the upper part,
interior of the aperture ridged ; whitish or ash colour,
areas between the transverse rows articulated with
reddish brown, columella orange-brown, interior of
the aperture white.
Quoy & Garmarp. Voy. de l’Astrol. Zool. vol. ii. p. 417,
pl. 30. f. 17, to 20.
‘ab. South Australia.
The name selected for this species is a very inappro-
priate one, there being little or no appearance of ribs.
H
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum acutrnoposum. Buc. testa ovatd, spird bre-
viusculd, turritd, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad an-
gulum acute nodosis, transversiin undique creberrime
sulcatis ; columelld eacavatd et superne canaliculata ;
cinereo- vel caruleo-albicante, areis inter sulcos nigri-
cante-fusco articulatis, aperture fauce purpureo-nigri-
cante.
THE sHARPLY NoDULED Buccinum. Shell ovate, spire
rather short, turreted, whorls angulated round the
BUCCINUM.
Pare IV.
upper part, sharply noduled at the angle, trans-
versely very closely grooved throughout ; columella
excavated and chamnelled at the upper part; ashy or
blueish white, areas between the transverse grooves
articulated with blackish brown, interior of the aper-
ture purple-black.
Hab. South Australia.
Closely approximating to the preceding species and
from the same locality; its more gibbous and shortened
erowth cannot be estimated of any specific importance, but
the columella is rather different, and the interior of the
aperture deep purple-black. Mr. Cuming possesses speci-
mens of each without any intermediate modification of
these characters.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrxum porcatum. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, anfrac-
libus supern® concavis, liris plano-convewis, subdistanti-
bus regulariter cinctis, lirarum interslitiis tenuiter
striatis ; columelld superné lird callosd munitd, supra
canaliculatd ; labro tenui, simplici ; ferrugineo-fusco,
liris saturatioribus, columella albd, aperture fauce car-
neo tincta.
Tu rnipGep Buccinum. Shell ovately oblong, whorls
concave round the upper part, régularly encircled with
rather distant flatly convex ridges, interstices between
the ridges finely striated ; columella furnished at the
upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above ;
lip thin, simple; rusty brown, ridges darker, colu-
mella white, interior of the aperture tinged with flesh-
colour.
GueEtin, Syst. Nat. p. 3494.
Buceinum asperius striatum, &e., Martini.
Buccinum Mevicanum, Bruguitre.
Purpura ligata, Lamarck.
Buccinum ligatum, Wiener.
Hab. ?
I refer this species to the Purpura ligata of Lamarck
solely on the authority of M. Kiener. ,
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Anaurcanum. Bue. testa oblongd, tenuiculd,
anfractibus superne leviter concavis, liris parvis con-
fertiusculis striisque cinctis, columelld superné lira
callosd munitd, supra canaliculald ; labro simplict ;
ferrugineo-fused, columella et aperture fauce albidis.
Tur Exeuish Buccinum. Shell oblong, rather thin,
whorls slightly concave round the upper part, encir-
cled with close-set small ridges and striz, columella
furnished at the upper part with a callous ridge,
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Puats IV.
channelled above; lip simple; rusty brown, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture whitish.
Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. iv. p. 70. pl. 196. f. 1212.
Buecinum Norvegicum, Enc. Méth.
Hab. Coasts of England and Norway.
Very like the preceding species, differmg only in having
the ridges more frequent and less strongly developed, and
the whorls less elevated one wpon each other at the sutures.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum papyracnum. Bue. testd ovata, subfusiforme,
tenui, anfractibus transversim tenuissime striatis ; colu-
melld subewcavatd, Vird callosd superné munitd, supraé
canaliculata ; ferrugineo-fuscd, columellé et aperture
Sauce albis.
THE parpyracrtous Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat
fusiform, thin, whorls transversely very finely striated;
columella somewhat excavated, furnished at the upper
part with a callous ridge, channelled above ; light
rusty brown, columella and interior of the aperture
white.
BRUGUIERE, Enc. Méth. Dict. no. 22.
Hab. ?
So closely do this and the two preceding species approx-
imate to one another, that they may prove to be nothing
more than different states of the same.
Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinumM ovum.
anfractibus rotundatis, ventricosis, levigatis, labro tenui ;
Bue. testé ovaté, spiré breviusculd,
eburned, epidermide tenui lutescente induta.
Tue enGG Bucctnum. Shell ovate, spire rather short,
whorls round, ventricose, smooth, lip thin; ivory
white, covered with a thin yellowish epidermis.
Turton, Zool. Journal, vol. ii. p. 366. pl. 13. f. 9.
An Buceinum fusiforme, Kiener (not of Broderip) ?
Hab. Britain.
I have no shell that comes so near to M. Kiener’s figure,
B. fusiforme, as the present; it is of rather a more elon-
gated form, and if on comparison it should prove distinct
must be re-named.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccINuM TENEBROSUM. Buc. testé tenui, subinflatd,
spira mediocri, ad apicem subplicatd ; anfractibus ro-
tuidis, aut superne leviter depressis, spiraliter indis-
tincté carinatis, carinis feré obsoletis, labro acuto ;
intus eatusque violaceo- aut livido-fused, columella
supra nigricante.
THE DARK Buccinum. Shell thin, somewhat inflated,
spire middling, slightly plaited at the apex, whorls
round or a little depressed round the upper part,
spirally indistinctly keeled, keels almost obsolete, lip
sharp; violet or livid brown within and without,
columella blackish above.
Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p. 327.
plbe tale:
Hab. West coast of Davis’s Strait, between Greenland and
North America (dredged from a blue clay bottom at
a depth of from fifteen to twenty fathoms); Warham
and Harrison.
An interesting species of which there are several exam-
ples in Mr. Cuming’s collection, described almost simul-
taneously with the present by Mr. Hancock, one of the
accomplished authors of the ‘ British Nudibranchiate Mol-
lusca’ issuing under the auspices of the Ray Society. The
new species of shells just described in the Magazine above
quoted, were dredged in a deep bay on the west coast of
Davis’s Strait, through the zeal of Messrs. Warham and
Harrison, masters of whaling vessels belonging to the
port of Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum tenure. Bue. testd fusiformi-ovatd, tenui,
spird subacuminatd, anfractibus subrotundis, levibus
aut minutissime spiraliter striatis, concentricé plicato-
costatis, labro tenui ; sordidé alba.
Tue THIN Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, thin, spire
rather acuminated ; whorls somewhat round, smooth,
or very minutely spirally striated, concentrically pli-
cately ribbed, lip thin; dead white.
Gray, Zool. of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 128. pl. 36. £19.
Hab. Vey Cape.
Well characterized by its concentric scalariform ribs.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum ZEALANDICcUM. Buc. testdé conico-ovatié, sub-
ventricosd, anfractibus spiraliter striatis, e suturis con=
centrice fortiter oblique semiplicatis, labro subincrassato ;
albidd aut lutescente, maculis rubidis transversim ob-
longis inter plicas vittatd, aperture fauce aurantio-
luted.
Tue New Zeananp Buccinum. Shell conically ovate,
somewhat ventricose, whorls spirally striated concen-
trically, strongly half-plicated from the sutures, lip
rather thickened, whitish or yellowish, filleted between
the folds with transversely oblong red spots, interior
of the aperture orange-yellow.
Hab. New Zealand.
The rows of oblong red spots which encircle the upper
portion of the whorls in the interstices between the folds,
constitute a character by which this species may be easily
recognised.
Buconum Lt V
OF
BUCCINUM.
Puate Y.
Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)
Buccinum ciuratum. Buc. testdé ovatd, spird brevi, an-
fractibus rotundatis, transversim subtilissimé striatis,
concentricé e suturis fortiter plicato-costatis ; intus ea-
tusque alba.
THE ciLttaTED Buccinum. Shell ovate, spire short,
whorls rounded, transversely very finely striated, con-
centrically strongly plicately ribbed from the sutures ;
white within and without.
Mo.rer, Index Moll. Greenl.
Hab. Greenland.
A small ovate white shell very strongly concentrically
plicately ribbed.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum Antarcricum. Bue. testd ovato-fusiformi, basi
truncata, anfractibus apicem versus fortiter plicato-
costatis, costis anfractiis ultimi evanidis ; extus epider-
mide crassa olivaced indutd, intus purpureo-fuscd, colu-
mella labrique margine interno albis.
THe Antarctic Bucctnum. Shell ovately fusiform,
truncated at the base, whorls strongly plicately ribbed
towards the apex, ribs of the last whorl fading away ;
exterior covered with a thick olive epidermis, interior
purple-brown, columella and inner edge of the lip
white.
Hab. Falkland Islands; Ross.
One of the few species brought home by the Antarctic
Expedition of H.M. Ships ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ under
the command of Captain Sir James Clarke Ross.
Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)
Buccinum FustrorMeE. Bue. testa fusiformi, spiraé acumi-
natd, anfractibus transcersim creberrime liratis et con-
centricée costatis, costis subgranosis ; albd, epidermide
Suscescente induta.
THE FusIroRM Buccinum. Shell fusiform, spire acumi-
nated, whorls transversely very closely ridged and
concentrically ribbed, ribs subgranose ; white, covered
by a brownish epidermis.
Broperip, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 45. pl. 3. f. 3.
Hab. Cork, Ireland.
Partaking very much of the character of Fusus.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum intinctum. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui-
culd anfractibus superné leviter depressis, transversim
undique creberrimé striatis, columella levi, callositate
superne munitd, aperture fauce radiatim subtiliter
liratd ; castaneo-rufd epidermide tenui indutd, intus
alba.
Tur pyep Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin,
whorls slightly depressed round the upper part, trans-
versely very closely striated throughout, columella
smooth, furnished with a callosity at the upper part,
interior of the aperture radiately finely ridged ; ches-
nut red, covered with a thin epidermis, interior white.
Hab. ?
This species has, I fear, been confounded with the B.
papyraceum, from which it is constantly distinguished by
its less elongated form and deep red colour.
Species 33. (Fig. 33 and 34. Mus. Cuming.)
BuccrnuM LAGENARIUM. Bue. testdé ovatd, transversim
tenuissime striata, anfractibus superne compresso-pla-
natis et lacunatis ; lutescente, lineolis strigisque spa-
diceo-fuscis longitudinaliter undulatis varie picta.
THE CALABASH-SHAPED BuccinuM. Shell ovate, trans-
versely very finely striated, whorls compressly flat-
tened and guttered round the upper part ; yellowish,
variously painted with longitudinally waved brown
lines and streaks.
Variety 8. (Fig. 33 and 34.)
Testa obsolete plani-lirata, liris maculis quadratis aurantio-
Suscis articulatis.
Shell obsoletely flatly ridged, ridges articulated with square
orange-brown spots.
Dersuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 81. note.
Purpura lagenaria, Lamarck.
Variety a. Purpura cucurbita, Duclos.
Variety 8. an Purpura zebra? Wiener.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
By some unfortunate mistake two examples of Var. 8
have been figured in place of one of each variety; Var. a
has been, however, well represented by M. Duclos in the
‘Magasin de Zoologie’ for 1833, and it is a shell of very
common occurrence.
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Puats V.
Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)
Buccrnum Ltimposum. Bue. testé conico-ovata, anfractibus
superné concavo-depressis, transversim subtilissime et cre-
berrimé striatis, aperture fauce radiatim tenuiliratd ;
purpureo-nigricante, columella et aperture fauce albis,
fusco-purpureo tinctis.
THE coLLARED Buccrinum. Shell conically ovate, whorls
concavely depressed round the upper part, transversely
very finely and closely striated, interior of the aper-
ture radiately finely ridged; purple-black, columella
and interior of the aperture white, tinged with
brownish purple.
Purpura limbosa, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’
edit.) vol. x. p. 78.
Hab. ?
A species not often met with, of which there are two or
three fine examples in the British Museum; it was only
known to Lamarck in a young state.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccrnuM LINEOLATUM.
elevatiusculd, levigatd ; griseo-fuscescente lineis nigris
Buc. testé conico-ovatd, spird
aqualibus nune interruptis, nunc integris, cingulatd,
aperture fauce cerulescente, columella labrique margine
interno rufo-aurantiis.
THE LINEATED Bucctnum. Shell conically ovate, spire
rather elevated, smooth; greyish brown, encircled
with equal black lines sometimes interrupted, some-
times entire, interior of the aperture blueish, colu-
mella and inner edge of the lip stained with orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) p. 164. and
p. 186.
Hab. New Zealand.
M. Deshayes has published this as a new species of M.
Quoy, without observing it to have been already described
by Lamarck under the same name; should M, Quoy’s
entire-lined shell prove eventually to be distinct from the
interrupted-lined species of Lamarck (figured by M. Kiener
at pl. 8. f. 25. as a variety of B. maculatum), I may here
suggest that it be named Buceinwm Quoyi, in honour of
the indefatigable naturalist of the ‘ Astrolabe.’
Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum atveotatum. Bue. testa conico-ovatd, spird
elevatiusculd, levigatd ; griseo- aut cerulescente-albidd,
maculis ceruleo-nigris transverse oblongis creberrimd
seriatim cinctd.
THE TESSELLATED Bucctnum. Shell conically ovate, spire
rather elevated, smooth; greyish or blueish white,
closely encircled with transversely oblong blue-black
spots.
KiENER, Icon. coq. viv. p. 32. pl. x. f. 34.
Hab. New Holland.
This is little more than a variety of the interrupted-lined
B. lineolatum, in which the lines assume the width of inter-
rupted bands ; an argument however in favour of its beg
regarded as a species, is, that it never occurs with entire
bands.
Species 38. (Mus. Brit.)
BuccinuM PLURIANULATA. Bue. testd conico-ovati, an-
fractibus superné concavo-depressis, levigatis, aperture
fauce subtiliter liratd ; griseo-albidd, lineis nigris un-
dique creberrimé cingulatd, aperture fauce nigricante,
labri margine interno albicante.
THE MANY-RINGED Buccinum. Shell conically ovate,
whorls concavely depressed round the upper part,
smooth, interior of the aperture finely ridged; greyish-
white, very closely encircled throughout with black
lines, interior of the aperture blackish, imer edge of
the lp whitish.
Hab. Swan River.
Perfectly distinguished from the B. lineolatum both in
form and colouring.
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BUCCINUM.
Prate VI.
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum pristis. Buc. testé elongato-turritd, acumi-
nati, basi subcontortd ; anfractibus superné declivibus,
apicem versus subobsolete plicatis et striatis, ceteris
levibus, politis; apertura brevi, labri limbo pulcherrimé
et conspicué serrato ; intus extusque livido-olivaced.
THE ELONGATED Bucctnum. Shell elongately twrreted,
acuminated, somewhat twisted at the base; whorls
depressly slanting round the upper part, somewhat
obsoletely plicated and striated, the rest smooth,
polished ; aperture short, edge of the lip very beauti-
fully and conspicuously serrated; livid olive within
and without.
Drsuayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 192.
Buecinum serratum Dufresne.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia.
The name pristis has been given to this singular species
by M. Deshayes in consequence of that of serratum intro-
duced by Dufresne being pre-oceupied in reference to a
fossil species ; it was originally dedicated by Mr. Gray in
manuscript to Lady North, Buccinum Northie, but I can-
not learn that this name ever reached publicity.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum situta. Bue. testé oblongo-ovaté, spird brevi,
anfractu ultimo amplo, inflato ; levigaté aut obscuris-
simé elevato-striatd ; aperturé ampld, callositatibus
duabus superné munita, labro simplici ; fulvo-rubida,
maculis violascente-albis seriatim aspersd, aperture
fauce rufescente-aurantia.
THE LITTLE WatTeR-scoorp Buccrnum. Shell oblong-
ovate, spire short, last whorl large, inflated, smooth
or very obscurely elevately striated; aperture large,
furnished at the upper part with two callosities, lip
simple; fulvous red, sprinkled with rows of violet-
white blotches, interior of the aperture reddish-orange.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacifie Ocean (on the reefs at low
water) ; Cuming.
An interesting new species abundantly distinguished
from the two which follow by its shorter and more inflated
growth, smooth surface and peculiar style of painting.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Francouinus. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, cras-
siusculd, spird brevi, subobtusd ; anfractibus superne
depresso-concavis, transversim ewilissime et ereberrime
elevato-striatis, interstitiis minutissimé cancellatis, an-
fractu ultimo inflato; apertura ampla, callositatibus
duabus superne munitd ; luteo-aurantid, fusco-rubido
hie illie strigaté et reticulata, aperture fauce luteo-
albidd.
Tue FRancotrine Buccrnum. Shell ovately oblong,
rather thick, spire short, somewhat obtuse, whorls
depressly concave round the upper part, transversely
very faintly and closely elevately striated, the inter-
stices being very minutely cancellated, last whorl im-
flated; aperture large, furnished at the upper part
with two callosities ; yellowish orange, streaked and
reticulated here and there with brownish-red, interior
of the aperture yellowish white.
Brueurere, Enc. Méth. Dict. ne. 24.
Purpura Francolinus, Lamarck.
Hab. Isle of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs at low
water); Cuming.
This may easily be distinguished from the foregoing and
following species, by its minutely cancellated sculpture and
delicate tone of colouring.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum sertum. Bue. testd ovato-oblongd, spird brevi,
subobtusd, anfractibus superne leviter concavis, transver-
sim granoso-striatis, striis nunc rudis nunc tenuibus, an-
fractu ultimo infiato ; aperturd ampla, callositatibus
duabus superne munité ; luteo-aurantid, rufo-castaneo
tinctd et variegatd, aperture fauce luteo-albida.
THE GARLAND Bucctnum. Shell ovately oblong, spire
short, rather obtuse, whorls slightly concave round
the upper part, transversely granosely striated, strize
sometimes rude sometimes fine, last whorl inflated ;
aperture large, furnished at the upper part with two
callosities ; yellowish orange, stained and variegated
with red-chesnut, interior of the aperture yellowish-
white.
Brucurere, Enc. Méth. Dict. no. 25.
Purpura sertum, Lamarck.
The painting of this species is mostly darker than that
of the preceding; the sculpture sometimes coursely, some-
times delicately engraved.
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Ptats VI.
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum pusio. Buc. testi fusiformi, anfractibus su-
perne leviter concavis, levigatis aut transversim tenuis-
sime striatis; columellé excavatd, apertura oblonga,
superne callositatibus munitd, fauce sulcatd ; purpureo-
plumbed, teniis fusco-articulatis undique cingulaté,
aperture fauce cerulescente, aurantio margine tincta.
THE youne Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, whorls slightly
concave round the upper part, smooth or transversely
very finely striated; columella excavated, aperture
oblong, furnished at the upper part with callosities,
interior grooved; purple-lead colour, encircled through-
out with brown-articulated fillets, interior of the aper-
ture blueish, stained at the edge with orange.
Linn2vs, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1223.
Buccinum plumatum, Gmelin.
Fusus pusio Ene. Méth.
Fusus articulatus, Lamarck,
Hab, Honduras, California.
A great deal of confusion has arisen in regard to the
origin of this species, in consequence of Linnus having
formed his description from an immature specimen (sug-
gestive of the name pusio) “ about the size of a hazel-nut,”
in which the dark spots range in longitudinal streaks, as
he describes, instead of forming articulated bands; and in
quoting the Mediterranean Sea as its habitat, thereby
leading Philippi and others to confound it with the B.macu-
losum, of that locality.
Thanks, however, to Mr. Hanley for calling my atten-
tion to it, we possess in the collection of our Linnean
Society the very shell from which the diagnose in the
‘Systema Nature’ was drawn up, with the number refer-
ring to it on the shell, in Linneus’s handwriting; and the
specimen agrees precisely with the immature representa-
tions of the species in Gualter and Bonanni to which he
refers.
So many of Linnzus’ shells were in young or bad con-
dition, that his descriptions scarcely apply to the same of
mature age and in finer state of preservation.
ALte
h
51
Lee
BUCCINUM:
Piate VIL.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum D’Orpienyr. Buc. testd fusiformi-ovata,
basem versus paululum contractd ; anfractibus concen-
tricé plicato-costatis, transversim striatis et sulcatis ;
labro intus plicato-dentato ; luteo nigroque pulcherrimé
varia, zond angusta albidd cingulatda.
D’Orzieny’s Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, a little
contracted towards the base; whorls concentrically
plicately ribbed, transversely striated and grooved ;
lip plicately toothed within; beautifully variegated
with black and yellow, encircled with a narrow white
zone.
PayRANDEAU, Cat. Moll. de. Corse. p. 159. pl. 8. f. 4 to 6.
Cancellaria D’ Orbignyi, De Bainville.
Hab. Mediterranean.
The colouring of this shell is extremely characteristic ;
the plicated ribs are divided, as it were, by the transverse
grooves into nodules which are bright yellow on the front
side and black at the back.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinuM RINGENS. Bue. testd ovata, solidd, gibbosiusculd,
spird brevi, acuté ; anfractibus fortiter turberculato-
plicatis, transversim subtilissime liratis et striatis, colu-
mellaé labroque profuse sulcatis et corrugatis, superné
canaliculatis ; fusco viridique varia, liris fusco articu-
latis, columella et aperture fauce albis.
THE GRINNING Buccinum. Shell ovate, solid, rather gib-
bous, spire short, acute ; whorls strongly tubercularly
plicated, transversely very finely ridged and striated,
lip and columella profusely grooved and wrinkled,
channelled at the upper part; variegated with green
and brown, ridges articulated with brown, columella
and interior of the aperture brown.
Hab. Panama (on the rocks at low water) ; Cuming.
Of a dark blue-green colour, varied with fine spiral
cord-like ridges articulated with rusty brown.
Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccINUM H#®MASTOMA.
spird brevi, anfractibus medio tuberculato-plicatis,
transversim subtilissimé liratis et striatis, columella
Buc. testé ovata, solidiusculd,
margine minute verrucosa, superne lira callosd munitd,
supra canaliculata ; viridi, liris transversis hie illic
sanguiners, columella labrique limbis vivide sanguineis,
columelle verrucis albis, aperture fauce albd.
THE BLOOD-RED-MoUTH Bucctnum. Shell ovate, rather
solid, spire short, whorls tubereularly plicated in the
middle, transversely very finely ridged and striated,
edge of the columella minutely warty, furnished at
the upper part with a callous ridge, channelled above ;
dark green, transverse ridges here and there dark
blood-red, warts of the columella white, interior of
the aperture white.
Pollia hemastoma, Gray, Zool. of Beechey’s Voyage,
p- 112.
Hab. Panama (under stones at low water) ; Cuming.
Easily recognised by the blood-red colouring of the lip
and columella, the latter sprinkled with minute white warts.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum RuBiGiINosuM. Buc. testd oblongd, ovato-fusi-
formi, concentricé subobsolete plicatd, transversim sub-
wrregulariter liraté et striatd ; aperture fauce suleata ;
Serrugineo-aurantid, fusco hie illic tinctd, zoné unica
alba cingulata.
Tne rusty Buccrnum. Shell ovately fusiform, concen-
trically somewhat obsoletely plicated, transversely
somewhat irregularly ridged and striated ; interior
of the aperture grooved; rusty-orange, stained here
and there with brown, encircled with a single white
zone.
Hab. Red Sea.
This species has a very strong resemblance with the
B. Proteus which follows at Sp. 51, but is more elongated
and constantly distinct.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum variecatum Buc. testa oblongo-ovatd, spird
acuta, anfractibus superné depressiusculis, liris subti-
libus superficiaris undique cingulatis ; columella, exca-
vata, lira callosé superné munitd, supra canaliculata ;
cinereo-fusca, maculis viridibus variegatd, liris nigris
interdum viridi interruptis, aperture fauce cerules-
cente-alba.
THE VARIEGATED Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
sharp, whorls rather depressed at the upper part,
December, 1846.
; BUCCINUM.—Piats VII.
encircled with fine superficial ridges ; columella exca-
vated, furnished with a callous ridge at the upper part,
channelled above; ashy brown, variegated with blotches
of light green, ridges black, sometimes interrupted
with green, interior of the aperture pale blueish white.
Le Tafon, Adanson.
Pollia variegata, Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage p. 112.
Buccinum viverratum, Kiener.
Hab. Senegal.
I cannot recognise with M. Deshayes the propriety of
naming this species Buccinum Tafon; the french word
Tafon, given to it by Adanson, will not assist the Latin
binomial in a grammatical sense.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum GEMMATUM. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, spird
breviusculd, acutd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter subob-
solete plicatis, superne depressiusculis, transversim
striatis, liris peculiariter interruptis undique cingulatis ;
columella, subverrucosd, excavatd, lird callosd superné
munitd, supra canaliculatd, aperture fauce sulcatd et
crenata ; ferrugineo-fuscd, maculis albis variegatd, liris
interruptis conspicue atris, columella et aperture fauce
albis.
JEWELLED Buccinum. Shell ovate, thick, spire
rather short, sharp; whorls longitudinally obsoletely
plicated, slightly depressed round the upper part,
tranversely striated, encircled throughout with pecu-
liarly interrupted ridges; columella a little warty,
excavated, furnished with a callous ridge at the upper
part, channelled above, interior of the aperture
grooved and crenated ; rusty brown, variegated with
blotches of white, interrupted ridges conspicuously
jet black, columella and interior of the aperture
THE
white.
Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (in clefts of the
rocks) ; Cuming.
A very striking species of which the transverse jet beads
remind one of the irridiscent Turbinella prismatica.
M. Kiener figures it for the female B. wndosum.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum pacopus. Buc. testd ovato-fusiformi, spird
acuminatd, anfractibus superné depresse rotundato-
angulatis, apicem versus concentricé tuberculatis, liris
irregularibus undique cingulatis ; columella subexcava-
ta, liré callosd parvd superné munitd, aperture fauce
suleaté et crenaté ; castaneo-fusco undique tincta et
variegatd, columella et aperture fauce cerulescente-
albis.
Tur pacopa Buccinum. Shell ovately fusiform, spire
acuminated, whorls depressly rotundately angulated
round the upper part, concentrically tubercled towards
the apex, encircled throughout with irregular ridges ;
columella a little excavated, furnished at the upper
part with a small callous ridge, interior of the
aperture grooved and crenated; stained and varie-
gated throughout with chesnut-brown, columella and
interior of the aperture pale blueish white.
Hab. Island of Taboga, Bay of Panama (in clefts of the
rocks at low water) ; Cuming.
An elegantly formed species of which Mr. Cuming only
collected one or two specimens.
Species 51. (Fig. a, 4, c. Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Prorevs. Buc. testé subfusiformi-ovatd, spira
subacutd, anfractibus longitudinaliter plicato-costatis,
transversim creberrimé liratis et striatis; columellé
subexcavatd, superné callositate parva munitd, aperture
fauce sulcaté et crenatd ; albidd aut lutescente, fusco
tinctd, zoné albidé medio formante, laris costas super
fusco saturatioribus.
Tue Prorean Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire sharp, whorls longitudinally plicately
ribbed, transversly very closely ridged and striated ;
columella a little excavated, furnished with a small
callosity at the upper part, interior of the aperture
grooved and crenated, whitish or yellowish, stamed
with brown so as to leave a central white band,
ridges stained with darker brown on crossing the
ribs; lip tinged with orange.
Hab. Ceylon and the Philippine Islands.
Variety B. Fig. 51. 4.
Testa undique vivide crocea.
Shell bright yellow throughout.
Hab. Australia.
The brown colouring of Var. a is much darker in some
specimens than in others; in Var. 8. from Australia the
colour is one uniform delicate bright yellow
a
Buccorum. lV
BUCCINUM.
Prats VIII.
Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum ave“LaAna. Buc. testé subabbreviato-ovatd,
crassd, solidd, spird brevi, anfractibus superné rude
plicato-nodosis ; columellé subexcavatd, labro simplict ;
albidd, castaneo nigroque irregulariter tincté et fas-
ciatd, columella et aperture fauce albis.
THE FILBERT-NUT Buccrnum. Shell somewhat abbrevi-
ately ovate, thick, solid, spire short, whorls rudely
plicately noduled round the upper part ; columella a
little excavated, lip simple; whitish, irregularly
stained and banded with chesnut and black, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture white.
Hab. North Coast of New Holland; Dring.
A heavy solid shell of rude structure and somewhat
irregular style of painting.
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucornum conrractum. Buc. testé subfusiformi, basi
contractd et canaliculatd, canali subrecurvo ; anfrac-
tibus transversim conspicue elevato-striatis, longitudi-
naliter plicato-costatis, superne angulatis, costis ad
angulum nodosis, labro intus noduloso ; ferrugineo-
fusco varid, columella et aperture fauce albis.
Tue contractep Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiform,
contracted and canaliculated at the base, canal slightly
recurved; whorls transversely conspicuously elevately
striated, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs nodose
at the angle, lip nodose within; variegated with
rusty brown, columella and interior of the aperture
white.
Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines (in sandy mud at the
depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming.
On the left side of the last whorl is a fully developed
varix, imparting a Ranella-like appearance to the shell
which I have not noticed in the description fearing it may
be of inconstant occurrence.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum anomatum. Bue. testd gracili-fusiformi, spiré
acutd, anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costis an-
gustis, numerosis, tranversim liratis, liris acutis, tenui-
bus, regularibus, labro intus minute noduloso ; rosaceo~
albd, fuscescente fasciatim tincté et maculata, aperture
fauce rosaceo-alba.
Tur anoMaLous Buccrnum. Shell slenderly fusiform,
spire sharp, whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow,
numerous, transversely ridged, ridges sharp, thin,
regular, lip minutely noduled within; pink-white,
stained and spotted in bands with light brown, aper-
ture pink-white.
2
Hab.
Partaking also of the character of both Murex and Fusus.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum wunposum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, spird
acuta, anfractibus longitudinaliter subobsolete plicatis,
liris undosis conspicuis undique creberrime cingulatis ;
columella subexcavatd, aperture fauce sulcatd et cre-
natd; aurantio-albidd, liris olivaceo-nigris, columella
et aperture fauce albis, margine vivide aurantio-luteis.
wavep Buccrnum. Shell ovate, thick, spire sharp,
whorls longitudinally somewhat obsoletely plicated,
very closely encircled throughout with conspicuous
waved ridges; columella a little excavated, interior
of the aperture grooved and crenated; orange-white,
ridges olive-black, columella and interior of the aper-
ture white, edge bright orange yellow.
Buccinum undosum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (12th. edit.) p.
1203.
Nassa undosa, Martini.
Triton undosum, Lamarck.
Variety, Buccinum affine, Gmelin.
Hab. Straits of Malacca; Australia ; Philippine and Society
Islands; Cuming.
THE
The errors which M. Kiener has committed in reference
to this ancient and well known species, have been so fully
exposed by M. Deshayes, that it is unnecessary here to
recur to them, except for the sake of noticing that the
shell figured by him, under some new dogma, as a sexual
variety characteristic of the female, appears to be the
B. gemmatum, Sp. 49. found in a locality which the B. wndo-
sum does not inhabit. Lamarck referred the B. wndosum
to the genus Zviton in consequence of having incidentally
met with a specimen in which a varix had been deposited
on the last whorl, in a manner similar to that just spoken
of in the B. contractum, Sp. 43.
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Puatr VIII.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum vustuLatum. Buc. testd subfusiformi-ovata,
spird acuminata ; anfractibus transversim undique ere-
berrime liratis, liris angustis, acutis, longitudinaliter
rude plicatis, leviter tuberculatis ; albd, aurantio-fusco
tinctd et maculata, aperture fauce alba.
Tue sincep Buccryum. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire acuminated; whorls transversely very
closely ridged throughout, ridges narrow, sharp, lon-
gitudinally rudely plicated, slightly tubercled ; white
stained and spotted with orange brown, interior of
the aperture white.
?
Hab.
An interesting species of new form and colouring.
Species 56. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Buccrnum tienrum. Bue. testd ovatd, anfractibus trans-
versim tenué funiculatis, longitudinaliter varicosis, vari-
cibus solidis, tuberculatis; aperture fauce sulcaté et
crenata ; luteo-fuscescente, castaneo-fusco fasciatim ma-
culata, funiculis fuscis.
THE woopEN Buccrnum. Shell ovate, whorls trans-
versely finely corded, longitudinally varicose, varices
solid, tuberculated ; interior of the aperture grooved
and crenated; yellowish brown, stained with bands
of brown blotches, cords brown.
P)
Hab.
The longitudinal plicated growth of this shell is depo-
sited in varices throughout the last whorl, partaking very
much in this respect of the generic character of Murex.
Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum insienis. Bue. testd fusiformi-ovatd, subven-
tricosd, anfractibus superné leviter depressis, trans-
versim undique wregulariter liratis et sulcatis ; colu-
mella superné lird callosd munitd, supra canaliculatd,
aperture fauce sulcatd; alba, castaneo-fusco variegata.
THE REMARKABLE Buccrinum. Shell fusiformly ovate,
somewhat ventricose, whorls slightly depressed round
the upper part, transversely irregularly ridged and
grooved throughout ; columella furnished at the upper
part with a callous ridge, channelled above, interior
of the aperture grooved; white, variegated with
chesnut-brown.
Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in the clefts of rocks at
low water) ; Cuming.
A fine species encircled throughout by grooves and
ridges of a peculiar style of carving.
Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum BaLTeatuM. Buc. testd subfusiformi-ovata,
spira acuta, anfractibus transversim liratis, longitudi-
naliter creberrimeé tuberculato-costatis, aperture fauce
suleatd ; lutescente-albd, nigricante-fusco balteatd, cos-
tarum interstitiis superne fusco tinctis.
THE BELTED Buccinum. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, spire sharp, whorls transversely ridged, longi-
tudinally very closely tubercularly ribbed, interior of
the aperture grooved; yellowish-white, belted with
blackish brown, interstices between the ribs stained
with brown.
Hab. Torres Straits.
Distinguished by the frequency of the broad longitudinal
ribs and characteristic style of painting.
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum amyepaua. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, crassa,
solidd, spird brevi, acuté ; anfractibus longitudinaliter
obtuse costatis, transversim creberrime incisis, liris inter-
mediis obtusis, subtilissime squamatis ; columelld superné
callosa et canaliculatd ; aurantio-fuscescente, castaneo
basi tinctd, columellé et aperture fauce aurantio-lacteis.
THE aLMonD Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, thick,
solid, spire short, acute; whorls longitudinally ob-
tusely ribbed, transversely very closely cut, interme-
diate ridges obtuse and very finely scaled; columella
callous and channelled at the upper part, orange
brown, stained at the base with chesnut, columella
and interior of the aperture orange cream colour.
Purpura amygdala, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. x. f. 26.
Hab. North coast of New Holland.
Very peculiar in form and general appearance, and easily
distinguished by its minute squamate sculpture.
Species 61. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Buccrnum FunicuLtatum. Buc. testé fusiformi, basi
recurvd, anfractibus superné subangulatis, longitudina-
liter rudé costatis, costis ad angulum nodosis, trans-
versim undique funiculatis ; albidd, funiculis fuscescen-
tibus, pone costas nigris.
THE corDED Buccinum. Shell fusiform, recurved at the
base, whorls slightly angulated at the upper part,
longitudinally rudely ribbed, ribs nodose at the angle,
transversely corded throughout; whitish, cords brown,
black behind the ribs.
?
Hab.
Peculiar in having the corded ridges scarcely coloured
except at the back of the ribs, where they are jet black.
Bucanitia ll 1X.
g
e
6
p
6
1p
Heeve i.
et lith_
Sowerby del
BUCCINUM.
Puate IX.
Species 62. (Mus. Taylor.)
Bucctnum CoroManDELIANUM. Bue. testd ovata, crassa,
subcompressa, spird breviusculd ; anfractibus superné
depressis, infra nodoso-plicatis, transversim subtiliter
livatis et striatis, columelld labroque intus sulcatis et
corrugatis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco tinctd et maculata.
THE CoromanpeEt Buccrnum. Shell ovate, thick, some-
what compressed round the upper part, nodosely pli-
eated beneath, transversely ridged and striated, lip
and columella grooved and wrinkled within ; whitish,
stained and blotched with orange-brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. x. p. 169.
Hab. Coromandel; Panama; Cuming.
The specimen here figured is remarkable for its bright
blotches of colouring, the species generally having a much
more sombre appearance. ;
Species 63. (Mus. Taylor.)
BuccrnuM LAUTUM.
versim liratis, liris conspicuis, angustis, subdistantibus,
longitudinaliter fortiter costatis, costis nodosis ; colu-
mella labroque corrugatis et sulcatis; alba, rubro-
aurantio costas super vivide maculata.
THe Gay Buccrnum. Shell ovate, whorls transversely
ridged, ridges conspicuous, narrow, rather distant,
longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs nodose; lip and
columella wrinkled and grooved; white, vividly
blotched with red-brown upon the ribs.
?
Bue. testé ovatd, anfractibus trans-
Hab.
A prettily coloured species, in which the sculpture is
developed with peculiar force.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Fusorpes. Bue. testd fusiformi, basi contortaé
et recurvd, spird acuminata ; anfractibus medio obtuse
angulatis, ad angulum eleganter nodosis, transversim
creberrime liratis, liris subtilibus, leviter undulatis ;
Suscescente, fusco hie illic flammulatéa.
Tue Fusus-t1ke Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, twisted
and recurved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls
obtusely angled in the middle, elegantly noduled at
the angle, transversely very closely ridged, ridges fine,
slightly undulated; light brown, stained here and there
with brown flames.
Hab.
Of a character similar to that of the group figured in
Plate IT.
?
Species 65. (Mus. Taylor.)
Buccinum Errusum. Buc. testd ovato-conicd, tenui, in-
flatd, spird breviusculd autem elevatd ; anfractibus
obscure planiliratis et minute striatis, labro simplici,
effuso ; castaneo-fuscd.
THE EFFUSED Buccinum. Shell ovately conical, thin,
inflated, spire rather short but elevated, whorls ob-
scurely flatly ridged and minutely striated ; lip simple,
effused ; chesnut-brown.
Hab. >
The ridges of this species are of quite a superficial cha-
racter.
Species 66. (Mus. Taylor.)
Bucctnum testupInEuM. Bue. testd ovatd, basi subcon-
tortd, spird subobtusd, anfractibus superné depressius-
culis, levigatis ; cinered, nigerrimo-fusco tessellaté et
Jlammatd; columella rufescente-aurantid, aperture fauce
purpureo-nigricante.
THE TORTOISE-SHELL Bucctnum. Shell ovate, somewhat
twisted at the base, spire rather obtuse, whorls rather
depressed at the upper part, smooth; ash-colour, tes-
sellated and flamed with black-brown; columella red-
dish orange, interior of the aperture purple-black.
Martyn, Universal Conch. vol. i. pl. 8.
Hab. New Zealand.
The B. maculatum has been regarded by most writers
as a variety of this species, but M. Deshayes considers that
the animals vary sufficiently with the shells to allow of
their being separated.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccrnuM MopiricatuM. Buc. testd subobeso-fusiforii,
basi contortd et recurvd, anfractibus superné subangu-
latis, ad angulum eleganter plicato-nodosis, transversim
creberrimé liratis, liris parvis, angustis, leviter undu-
latis ; pallidé luteo-fuscescente.
THE Moprrrep Bucctnum. Shell somewhat stoutly
fusiform, contorted and recurved at the base, whorls
slightly angulated towards the upper part, elegantly
plicately noduled at the angle, transversely very
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Ptate IX.
closely ridged, ridges small, narrow, slightly waved ;
pale yellowish brown.
Hab. ?
This is another species of the peculiar form of that
figured above it, and of those represented in Plate II. ;
the detail of sculpture is the same in a modified form.
Species 68. (Mus. Taylor.)
Buccinum opscurum. Bue. testa pyramidali-ovatd, an-
fractibus superné depressiusculis, levigatis aut trans-
versim obscure liratis; plumbeo-albicante, aperture |
fauce purpureo-fusca.
THE OBSCURE BucciNnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls
rather depressed round the upper part, smooth or
transversely obscurely ridged, leaden white, interior
of the aperture purple-brown.
Hab. >
Having somewhat the general aspect of a Planazis.
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum cyaneum. Bue. testd ovata, tenui, subinflaté,
spird breviusculd, levigatd aut obscure incisd, labro
simplici, subeffuso ; plumbed, maculis perpaucis fuscis
oblongis tinctd, aperture fauce castaneo-fusca.
THE AZURE Bucctnum. Shell ovate, thin, somewhat in-
flated, spire rather short, smooth or obsoletely en-
graved, lip simple, effused ; lead colour, stained with
a very few transversely oblong spots, interior of the
aperture chesnut brown.
Mutter; Gray MSS. British Museum.
Hab. ?
A light thin shell of a dull leaden colour exteriorly, and
of a deep chesnut interiorly.
Species 70. (Mus. Taylor.)
BuccinuM citrinum. Bue. testd ovatd, basi truncata et
late emarginata, spird breviusculd, anfractibus convexis,
levigatis, etate rugosis ; columella brevi, labro tenui,
simplici ; pallidé luteo-aurantid.
THE CITRON-COLOURED Bucctnum. Shell ovate, trun-
cated and widely emarginated at the base, spire rather
short, whorls convex, smooth, rough with age, colu-
mella short, lip thin, simple; pale yellowish orange.
Hab. B
Of rather an aberrant form, and which M. D’Orbigny
has, I believe, proposed for the type of a new genus.
Buceinun FA,
Specimens shghtly magmfed
BUCCINUM.
Prate X.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum BILrratuM. Bue testd fusiformi, basi subcon-
tractd, leviter recurvd ; anfractibus liris subtilibus binis
undique cingulatis, interstitiis minute cancellatis ; labro
crenato ; lutescente, castaneo marmoratda.
THE DOUBLE RIDGED Buccinum. Shell fusiform, some-
what contracted and a little recurved at the base;
whorls encircled throughout by pairs of fine ridges,
the interstices between which are minutely cancel-
lated; lip crenated; yellow, marbled with chesnut.
Hab, Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming.
An elegantly sculptured fusiform species with a varicose
lip like the small Tritons.
Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnvum concentricum. Bue. testa fusiformi, basi con-
tortd, anfractibus crebré concentricé costatis, costis liris
acutis striisque decussatis, liris costas super mucrona-
tis ; cerulescente-albd, rufo-fusco variegati.
THE CONCENTRIC Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, a little
twisted at the base, whorls closely concentrically
ribbed, ribs crossed with sharp ridges and_ strie,
ridges pointed on the ribs; blueish white, variegated
with red-brown.
Hab. ?
The red-brown colouring is mostly in the interstices
between the ribs.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming,)
Buccrnum nicricostatum. Bue. testd subfusiformi, basi
recurvd, spird acuminatd ; anfractibus concentrice cos-
tatis, funiculis subtilibus undique cingulatis ; apertura
parva ; olivaceo-luted, costis nigris.
THE BLACK-RIBBED Buccrinum. Shell nearly fusiform,
recurved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls con-
centrically ribbed, encircled throughout with fine
cords ; aperture small; olive yellow, ribs black.
Hab. Panama (under stones at low water); Cuming.
Easily to be recognized by its dark concentric ribs.
Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Pictum.
cata, tenuiculd, levigata, labro simplici, subeffuso ; luteo-
Bue. testa elongato-ovata, basi trun-
albicante, rufo-castaneo maculata et flammata.
THE PAINTED Buccinum. Shell elongately ovate, trun”
cated at the base, rather thin, smooth, lip simple,
slightly effused ; yellowish white, spotted and flamed
with reddish chesnut.
Tritonium buccinulum, Martini Conch. Cab. vol. iv.
Pode eoplo 2 feel 2ii:
Hab. sland of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming.
A smooth handsomely painted species, described by
Martini in 1780, and since left in obscurity.
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum crncunatum. Bue. testd acuminato-ovatd, basi
leviter recurvd, levigald, aperturd parva, labro sub-
effuso ; plumbeo-fuscd, lineis nigris undique cingulata.
THE ENCIRCLED Buccrnum. Shell acuminately ovate,
shghtly recurved at the base, smooth, aperture small,
lip alittle effused ; leaden-brown, encircled throughout
with black lines.
?
Hab.
The lines which encircle this shell exist only in colour,
but are nevertheless seen within the lip.
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Fascicutatum. Buc. testd elongato-ovata, basi
truncatd, laevigata, politd, obsolete liratd, liris apicem
versus distinctioribus ; labro subincrassato, minute cre-
nulato ; aurantid, teniis nigris angustis hic illic albi-
punctatis regulariter cingulata.
THE FINELY-BANDED Bucctnum. Shell elongately ovate,
truncated at the base, smooth, polished, or obsoletely
ridged, ridges more distinct towards the apex; lip
rather thickened, minutely crenulated ; orange, regu-
larly encircled with narrow black fillets, dotted here
and there with white.
Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming.
The dark fillets of this beautiful species are elevated iu
ridges on the first one or two whorls, and gradually be-
come obsolete towards the margin.
Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum TRIToNoIpEs.
ventricosd, basi truncata, anfractibus levibus, aut obso-
let transversim incisis, labro subeffuso, crenulato ; rufo
undique maculaté et variegata.
Buc. testd elongato-ovatd, sub-
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—Ptate X.
Tut TRITON-SHAPED Bucctnum. Shell elongately ovate,
rather ventricose, truncated at the base, whorls smooth
or obsoletely transversely engraved, lip somewhat
effused, crenulated ; blotched and variegated through-
out with dark red.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming.
Allied in form to the species figured above it, but quite
distinet im detail.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccInuM T#NIATUM.
brevissima, anfractu ultimo peroblongo, transversim
Buc. testé oblongo-ovata, spira
tenuissime elevato-striato, columella plano-excavatd,
callositate parvd superne munitd, labro intus minute
denticulato ; castaneo-fuscd, taniis angustis fulvo-
aurantiis regulariter cingulatia.
Tue FrLLeTeD Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
very short, last whorl very oblong, transversely very
finely elevately striated, columella flatly excavated,
furnished at the upper part with a small callosity,
lip minutely denticulated within; chesnut brown,
regularly encircled with narrow fulvous orange fillets.
Purpura teniata, Powis, Proceedings Zool.Soe., 1835. p.96.
Hab. Maldon Island, Pacific Ocean; Frembly.
T refer this species to Buccinwm on account of the callo-—
sity and denticles at the upper extremity of the aperture.
Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccrnuM vextttum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird
brevissimd, acutd, anfractu ultimo peroblongo, laevigata
aut transversim minutissime incisd ; columella plano-
excavatd, callositate parva superné munita, labro intus
minute denticulato; rufo-aurantid, fasciis angustis
nigris regulariter cingulatd.
Tue FLAG Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate, spire very
short, sharp, last whorl very oblong, smooth or very
minutely transversely engraved; columella flatly ex-
cavated, furnished at the upper part with a small cal-
losity, lip minutely denticulated within; reddish-
orange, regularly encircled with narrow black bands.
Strombus vexillum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 222.
pl. 157. f. 1504, 1505.
Purpura vevillum, Lamarck.
Cassidaria vexillum, Kiener.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Phiippmes; Cuming.
Authors have been somewhat divided as to the generie
situation of this singular species, which I have refered to
Buccinum for the same reason given in reference to the
preceding. M. Kiener’s appropriation of it is inconsistent.
Bucetnum Ll XT
S34
10
del et hth
BUCCINUM.
Puate XI.
Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum putcnrum. Bue, testd ovatd, medio gibbosd,
utrinque attenuata, anfractibus longitudinaliter fortiter
tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis, costas super
liratis, labro intus denticulato ; caruleo-olivaced.
Tae pretty Bucctnum. Shell ovate, gibbous in the
middle, attenuated at both ends, whorls longitudinally
strongly tubercularly ribbed, transversely striated,
ridged across the summit of the ribs ; lip denticulated
within ; blueish olive, banded with black, short ridges
white, interior of the aperture violet.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands; Cuming.
The colouring of this species is very characteristic; a
livid olive or green crossed by narrow black bands passing
between short white ridges surmounting the mbs.
Species 81. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Buccinum sourpum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassa, solidd, basi
leviter recurved, spird acuminata ; anfractibus rotun-
datis obscure plicato-costatis, transversim subobsolete
liratis, interstitiis minutissimé incisis ; apertura parva,
fauce sulcaté ; sordide alba, maculis quadratis nigris
inter costas uniseriatim cincta, aperture fauce luted.
THE sotip Buccinum. Shell ovate, solid, slightly re-
curved at the base, spire acuminated ; whorls rounded,
obscurely plicately ribbed, transversely rather obso-
letely ridged, interstices very minutely engraved ;
aperture small, interior grooved; dead white, en-
circled with a single row of square black spots be-
tween the ribs, interior of the aperture yellow.
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming.
Easily recognised by the central row of square black
spots; the columella is obscurely plaited, presenting a link
with Lurbinellus.
Fig. 82 proves on further examination to be identical
with Sp. 54. Tor Sp. 82 see Plate XIII.
Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum raputum. Bue. testd oblongo-ovatd, solidi-
usculd, basi contractd, contortd et recurvd, levigaté,
basi striatd ; alld, epidermide lutescente induta.
Tue LirtLe rurNrp Buccinum. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather solid, contracted, twisted and recurved at the
base, smooth, striated at the base; white, covered
with a yellowish epidermis.
Hab. Malacea.
A stout smooth shell of a form rather foreign to the
present genus, though irreferable to any other.
Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccryum crnis. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovata, basi leviter
recurva, anfractibus granulis rugosis undique seriatim
decussatis, aperture fauce suleatd, superne callositatibus
munitd ; cerulescente-albd, granulis atris.
Tu cinpEr Buccrnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, slightly
recurved at the base, whorls decussated throughout
with rows of rough granules, interior of the aperture
grooved, furnished with callosities at the upper part ;
blueish white, granules jet black.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands (under stones) ; Cuming.
The granules of this shell impart a rough touch to it,
resembling that of a coal cinder.
Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum MActLosum. Bue. testd ovatd, crassd, levigatd,
transversim tenuissime et creberrime incisd ; columellaé
minute denticulatd, superné callosd, labro intus denti-
culato ; olivaceo-fuscd, albo profuse et irregulariter
strigaté et maculata.
Tue sporrep Buccrnvum. Shell ovate, rather thick, smooth,
transversely very finely and closely engraved; colu-
mella minutely denticulated, callous at the upper
part, lip denticulated within ; olive-brown, profusely
and irregularly streaked and spotted with white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol.x. p.164.
Voluta striata, Gmelin.
Purpura variegata, Schubert and Wagner.
Purpura Gualtieri, Scacchi.
Purpura maculosa, De Blainville, Kiener.
FBadem, varietas fasciolata.
Purpura fasciolaris, Lamarck.
Hab. Mediterranean.
Dr. Philippi has expressed his opmion in ‘ Wiegman’s
Avchives ’, that this species is without doubt (absque ullo
dubio) the Buceinum pusio of Linnzeus; I have, however,
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—P tate XI.
through the kindness of Mr. Hanley in drawing my atten-
tion to it, identified that species with Lamarck’s Fusus
articulatus by an examination of the very specimen, in the
collection of our Linnean Society, from which the diagnose
in the ‘Systema Nature’ was drawn up. It is a specimen
of immature growth, in which the dark spots are disposed
in longitudinal streaks, in a manner very similar to a
figure of the species in Bonanni, to which Linnzeus refers.
Gmelin appears to have been the first to notice the B. ma-
culosum under the title of Voluta striata, a name which
cannot be used as a specific with the present genus, in
consequence of its having been already made use of by his
predecessors Martyn and Gronovius. M. Deshayes quotes
the Voluta Syracusana of Gmelin as synonymous with the
present species; but this is unsatisfactory inasmuch as
Gmelin refers to the same figure in Bonanni, beyond doubt
Lamarck’s F. articulatus, as Linneus does for the B. pusio,
and his description agrees with that species although it
is equally unfavourable in respect of locality.
Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bucctnum pistortum.- Bue. testd ovatd, crassissimd,
ponderosa, spird brevi, desessdé ; anfractibus levibus,
apicem versus sulcatis et nodosis, ultimo basi inciso,
superné rotundato, distorte elevato, ad aperturam in
alam sinuatam extenso; columelld subexcavatd, corru-
gata, labro intus sulcato ; albd, castaneo-fusco profuse
tincta et variegata.
THE DIsToRTED Buccinum. Shell ovate, very thick,
ponderous, spire short, sunken; whorls smooth,
grooved and noduled towards the apex, last whorl
engraved, rounded at the upper part, distortedly ele-
vated, extended at the aperture into a kind of sinuated
wing; columella alittle excavated, wrinkled, lip grooved
within ; white, profusely stained and variegated with
chesnut brown.
Gray, Wood’s Index Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 7.
Hab. Punto, St. Elena, West Columbia; Cuming.
A species of curiously distorted growth, reminding one
very much of the remarkable 7wrbinella-like shell described
by Mr. Hinds in the ‘ Zoology of the Sulphur’ as the type
of a new genus, under the name of Cyrtulus.
Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Livipum. Bue. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, an-
fractibus transversim creberrimé elevato-striatis, medio
angulatis, ad angulum compressé nodosis ; labro intus
denticulato ; livido-fuscd, variegatd, aperture fauce
fusca.
THE LIVID BUCCINUM. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
whorls transversely very closely elevately striated,
angulated in the middle, compressly nodose at the
angle; lip denticulated within, livid brown, variegated,
interior of the aperture brown.
Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming.
This and the following species belong rather to the den-
ticulated group which I have introduced under the head
of Ricinula.
Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Bimucronatum. Bue. testé ovatd, subfusi-
formi, anfractibus transversim rude liratis, medio an-
gulatis, ad angulum biseriatim nodosis, nodis acute
mucronatis ; labro intus denticulato ; cinereo-fusca.
THE DOUBLE-POINTED BucctnumM. Shell ovate, some-
what fusiform, whorls transversely rudely ridged,
angulated in the middle, encircled with two rows of
sharp pointed nodules at the angle; lip denticulated
within; ashy brown.
Hab. Philippines ; Cuming.
A stouter shell than the preceding, and more sharply
noduled.
Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.)
BucctnuM PasTINAca. Buc. testd ovatd, crassiusculd,
spire suturis excavatis, anfractibus rotundatis, longi-
tudinaliter creberrimé plicato-costatis, costis latiusculis,
liris transversis acutis decussatis; columellé minute
corrugatd, apertura subrotundd, fauce sulcaté ; alba,
epidermide flavescente induta.
Tur parsnip Bucctnum. Shell ovate, rather thick,
sutures of the spire excavated, whorls rounded, longi-
tudinally very closely plicately ribbed, ribs rather
broad, crossed with sharp transverse ridges ; colu-
mella minutely wrinkled, aperture nearly round; white,
covered with a yellowish epidermis. :
Hab. Bay of Montija, West Columbia; Cuming.
A distinct varix is formed at the lip of this shell after
the manner of some of the Zritons.
Buccentm. £1 XIT
90
Nb
Ia
EVE
owerby del et hth
do
BUCCINUM.
Prats XII.
Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinvM AsstMite. Buc. testd ovata, parvd, transversim
creberrimeé liratd, longitudinaliter subobsoleté concen-
tricé costatd ; lutescente, purpureo-fusco variegata.
THE stm1~ar Buccrnum. Shell ovate, small, transversely
very closely ridged, longitudinally rather obsoletely
concentrically ribbed; yellowish, variegated with
purple-brown.
9
Hab.
Very closely allied to the B. D’ Orbignyi of the Mediter-
ranean, but seemingly distinct.
Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum optraurcostatum. Buc. testa fusiformi, basi
subrecurvd, longitudinaliter oblique et creberrimé cos-
taté, costis liris parvis decussatis ; labro incrassato ;
fusco-rufd, liris transversis subalbidis.
THE OBLIQUELY RIBBED Buccrnum. Shell fusiform, re-
curved at the base, longitudinally obliquely and very
closely ribbed, ribs crossed with small ridges; lip
thickened; brown-red, transverse ridges whitish.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming.
The first of a peculiar fusiform group of which the
species represented at Fig. 95, 96 and 97 also belong.
Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccitnum pirum. Bue. testa fusiformi, basi leviter re-
curva, anfractibus rotundatis, striis rugosis conspicuis
elevatis undique cingulatis, aperture fauce sulcata ;
intus extusque sordide fusca.
THE pisMAL Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, slightly recurved
at the base, whorls rounded, encircled throughout
with conspicuous elevated rough striz, interior of the
aperture grooved; dull brown within and without.
)
Hab.
The striz with which the entire surface of this species
is engraved almost assume the character of fine ridges.
Species 93. (Mus. Taylor.)
Buccinum EBURNEUM. Bue. testd pyramidali-ovatd, spird
acutd, anfractibus superné concavis, ad angulum nodosis,
infra obscuré liratis, apertura breviusculd ; intus ex-
tusque eburned, epidermide viridi-luted induta.
Tur ivory Bucctnum. Shell pyramidally ovate, spire
sharp, whorls concave round the upper part, nodose
at the angle and obscurely ridged beneath, aperture
rather short ; ivory white within and without, covered
with a greenish yellow epidermis.
)
Hab.
A pure white pyramidal shell.
Species 94. (Mus. Taylor.)
Buccinum Lirrorinoipes. Bue. testd fusiformi, bast
subrecurvd, levigatd, labro simplici ; olivaceo-fusci,
obscure lineatd, aperture fauce pallide carned.
Tue PERIWINKLE-LIKkE Buccinum. Shell fusiform, a
little recurved at the base, smooth, lip simple; olive-
brown, obscurely lineated, interior of the aperture
pale fiesh-colour.
Hab. New Zealand; Earl.
A smooth sombre looking shell encircled with faint lines.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Marmoratum. Buc. ¢estd subelongato-fusi-
formi, basi recurvd ; anfractibus convevis, liris subtili-
bus obtusis granosis longitudinalibus et transversis de-
cussatis ; rosaceo-albd, rubido-fusco conspicue marmo-
rata.
THE MARBLE Bucctnum. Shell somewhat elongately
fusiform, recurved at the base ; whorls convex, crossed
throughout with fine obtuse granulated ridges; pinkish
white, conspicuously marbled with reddish-brown.
Hab Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming.
An interesting species constituting the type of a section
of the genus, of which the two following form part.
Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccoinum eRacite. Bue. testd gracili-fusiformi, basi
canaliculatd et recurvd ; anfractibus medio subangu-
latis, liris granosis obtusis longitudinalibus et trans-
versis decussatis, labro intus minute denticulato ; albidé,
granorum seriebus longitudinalibus aurantio-fuscis.
Tur stenpER Buccinum. Shell slenderly fusiform,
channelled and recurved at the base; whorls a little
angulated in the middle, crossed by longitudinal and
December, 1846.
BUCCINUM.—P ate XII.
~ transverse obtuse granose ridges, lip minutely denti-
culated within ; whitish, longitudinal rows of granules
orange-brown.
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippine Islands, (under stones
at low water) ; Cuming.
The granules at the angle are more prominent than the
rest, and of rather darker colour.
Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum crocatum. Buc. testd subelongato-fusiformi,
basi canaliculatd et recurvd, longitudinaliter creberrime
plicatd, transversim granoso-liratd, labro intus minute
denticulato; croceo-aurantid, hie illic albipunctata,
striis inter Uiras aurantio-fusco saturatiore.
THE SAFFRON-COLOURED Buccrnum. Shell somewhat
elongately fusiform, channeled and recurved at the
base, longitudinally very closely plicated, transversely
granosely ridged, lip minutely denticulated within ;
saffron-orange, specked here and there with white,
strie between the ridges of a darker orange brown.
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming.
More deeply coloured than either of the preceding species
of this form.
Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum TRILINEATUM. Buc. testd abbreviato-fusiformi,
basi subrecurvd, anfractibus apicem versus plicato-no-
dosis, ultimo levigato, apertura subcontractd, fauce
sulcatd ; albida, fasciis duabus, utraque lineis tribus
cinereo-nigris compositd, cingulata,
THE THREE-LINED Buccrnum. Shell shortly fusiform,
a little reeurved at the base, whorls plicately noduled
towards the apex, last whorl smooth, aperture some-
what contracted, interior grooved; whitish, encircled
by two bands each of which is composed of three
ashy-black lines.
Hab. 2
Easily recognised by the bands of lines which are scarcely
sufficiently distinguished in the figure.
‘ Buccinum LAT
GU
Vie
Sowerty del et ith Reeve imp.
BUCCINUM.
Prate XIII.
Species 47. (Fig. Kiener.)
Buccinum pisconor. Bue. testd parvi, Oliveformi, vio-
laceo-grised, transversim tenuissime striata, spird acutd,
superné plicis longitudinalibus distincté ; anfractibus
convexiusculis ; aperturd cinered, ovatd; columellé
levi ; labro dextro denticulato, intus plicato.
THE DIScoLOURED Buccrnum. Shell rather small, Olive-
shaped, voilet grey, transversely very finely striated,
spire sharp, distinguished at the upper part by longi-
tudinal plaits; whorls rather convex ; aperture ash-
colour, ovate; columella smooth ; night lip denticu-
lated, plaited within.
Quoy, and Garmarp, Voy. de lAstrol. pl. 30. f. 23, 25.
Hab. Island of Tonga-Tabou.
As this species has a characteristic appearance I venture
to copy M. Kiener’s figure and description of it ; it is quite
unknown to me.
Species 100. (Fig. Kiener.)
Bucctnum Buarnvrnyu. Bue. testé ovata, elongatd,
albescente ; spird acutd, cancellaté, costulis longitudi-
nalibus et striis transversis decussatd ; anfractibus an-
gustis, in medio carinatis ; aperturé ovatd, violascente ;
columella rufescente ; labro dextro intus tenue striato.
BLAINVILLE’s Buccrnum. Shell ovate, elongated, whitish,
spire sharp, cancellated, decussated with fine longitu-
dinal ribs and transverse stria; whorls narrow,
keeled in the middle; aperture ovate, pale violet ;
columella reddish ; right lip finely striated within.
Desnayes, Voy. Bellanger aux Indes Orientales.
Buccinum textum, Wood.
Buceinum cancellatum, Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. Malabar.
This species I insert also on the authority of M. Kiener,
Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bocernum cincILtuM. Bue. testd ovatd, spird breviusculd,
spire suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus converts, cre-
berrime undiqué tenuisulcatis, apertura oblonga ; labro
intus denticulato ; rufo-castaned, zonulé angusté alba
medio cincta.
THE LITTLE GIRDLE Buccrinum. Shell ovate, spire
rather short, sutures of the spire rather deep, whorls
convex, very closely finely grooved throughout ; aper-
ture oblong, lip denticulated within; reddish chesnut,
encircled round the middle with a narrow white zone.
Hab. 19
It should perhaps be observed that there is a small
callosity at the upper part of the columella.
Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Ferreum. Buc. testé acuminato-turritd, sub-
Susiformi, anfractibus rotundatis, superne leviter sulca-
tis; columellé subcontorté, aperture fauce radiatim
tenuilirata ; cinereo-fuscd, nigro obscure spiraliter
lineata.
THE tRoN Buccrnum. Shell acuminately turreted, some-
what fusiform, whorls rounded, slightly grooved
round the upper part; columella slightly twisted,
interior of the aperture rayed with fine ridges; ashy-
brown, obscurely spirally lineated with black.
Hab. ?
A smooth polished shell of an ashy slate colour,
obscurely lineated throughout.
Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
BUccINUM HYDROPHANUM.
tenui, subhyalind, epidermide tenui virescente partin
induté ; spird productd, anfractibus rotundatis, levi-
bus aut tenuissime concentrice striatis ; columellé brevi,
subtruncatd ; cinered aut livido-ceerulescente, intus
vivide ferrugineo-castaned.
THE HYDROPHANOUS BuccINuM. Shell oblong-ovate,
thin, somewhat hyaline, partially covered with a thin
pale green epidermis ; spire produced, whorls rounded,
smooth or very finely concentrically striated; colu-
mella short, somewhat truncated; ash colour or livid
blue, bright ferruginous chesnut within.
Mancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p- 325.
Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison.
Buc. testé oblongo-ovatd,
A thin bright ferruginous brown shell more or less
enveloped with that livid chalky coating, permeable to
water, which is in a manner peculiar to Arctic species.
February, 1847.
_ BUCCINUM.—Ptate XIU.
Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinumM PYRAMIDALE. Buc. testd acuminato-turrita,
spird valde producté ; anfractibus superne fortiter
oblique plicatis et corrugatis, apertura breviusculd ;
albida, ferrugineo-luteo tinctd.
THE PYRAMIDAL Buccinum. Shell acuminately turreted,
spire very much produced ; whorls strongly obliquely
plicated and wrinkled round the upper part ; aperture
rather short ; whitish, stained with rusty yellow.
Hab. ?
This appears to be distinct from any of the numerous
varieties of B. wndatum.
Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Tuputosum. Buc. testd ovato-turritd, spird
acuminatd, valde productd ; anfractibus rotundatis, e
suturis fortiter plicatis, transversim ereberrime tenui-
liratis ; apertura brevi, rotundata ; luteo-fuscd, aper-
ture fauce albidd, aurantio tinctd.
quBuLous Buccinum. Shell ovately turreted,
spire acuminated, very much produced ; whorls
rounded, strongly plaited from the sutures, trans-
versely very closely finely ridged ; aperture short,
rounded ; yellowish-brown, interior of the aperture
whitish, tinged with orange.
P)
THE
Hab.
Distinguished by the rounded tubular structure of the
whorls.
Species 106. (Fig. Kiener.)
Buccrnum DELALANDII.
turriculatd, cinered, transversim tenuissime striata,
Buc. testé ovato-oblonga, sub-
fasciis longitudinalibus undulatis ; spird acutd ; aper-
turd ovato-oblongd ; labro levi, albo, dilatato, intus
striato, rubescente ; epidermide virescente.
DELALAND’s Bucctnum. Shell ovately oblong, some-
what turriculated, ash colour, transversely very finely
striated, with waved longitudinal bands; spire sharp,
aperture ovately-oblong ; lip smooth, white, dilated,
striated within, reddish; covered with a greenish
epidermis.
Kreyer, Icon. coq. viv. p. 15. pl. 5. f. 15.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
This is another species described and figured by M.
Kiener as here represented, which is unknown to me;
his reference to Chemnitz however is certainly incorrect.
Species 107. (Fig. Kiener.)
Buccinum Quoyi. Buc. testd ovato-oblongd, fulod, trans-
versim plurimum longitudinaliter tenuissime striata ;
spird acutd ; columella prominuld ; apertura ovali-
formi, rubescente ; labro arcuato, interné striato.
Quoy’s Buccinum. Shell ovately oblong, fulvous, trans-
versely very numerously and finely longitudinally
striated ; spire sharp; columella prominent ; aperture
oval-shaped, reddish ; lip arched, striated internally.
Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 16. pl. 5. f. 18.
Hab. New Zealand.
Also transcribed and illustrated from M. Kiener’s ‘Icono-
eraphie’, as a characteristic looking species with which I
am not acquainted.
Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccrnum Arurors. Bue. testa ovata, spird breviusculd,
anfractibus superné late plano-depressis, regulariter cos-
tatis, costis grandibus convexis interstitiis latiusculis,
excavatis ; columella et aperture fauce subcorrugatis
aut liratis ; albd, epidermide corned anthracina indutd.
THE BLACKAMOOR BuccinuM. Shell ovate, spire rather
short, whorls broadly flatly depressed round the upper
part, regularly ribbed, ribs large, convex, interstices
rather broad, excavated; columella and interior of
the aperture somewhat wrinkled and ridged ; white,
covered with a coal-black horny epidermis.
)
Hab.
A yemarkable species approximating in form and general
character to the Purpura trochlea and its congeners.
O09
Buccinum LLXL!~
Reeve imp
BUCCINUM.
Prats XIV.
Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.)
BUCCINUM GLANDIFORME. Bue. testé abbreviato-ovaté,
anfractibus superné concavo-depressi,
nodosis, infra undique striatis ; albidé, ceruleo-plum-
beo tinctd, zonuld angustd cinereo-nigricante prope
nodulos, columella et aperture fauce cinereo-purpureis.
Tur acorn-sHaprep Buccrnum., Shell abbreviately ovate,
whorls concavely depressed round the upper part,
then conspicuously noduled, striated throughout
beneath ; whitish, stained with blueish lead-colour,
with a narrow ashy black zone near the nodules,
columella and interior of the aperture ashy purple.
2
8, deinde conspicue
flab.
The edge of the lip is slightly sinuated on the nodulous
angle.
Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuccinuM corruGatum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, an-
Sractibus transversim striatis, striis basem versus for-
tioribus, superné oblique corrugatis ; pallide spadiced.
THE WRINKLED Buccrnum. — Shell oblong-ovate, whorls
transversely striated, strie stronger towards the base,
obliquely wrinkled round the upper part; light bay
colour.
Hab. >
Peculiarly characterized by the oblique concentric
wrinkles.
Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum RuGatuM. Bue testé Susiformi-ovatd, spird
acutd, transversim undique elevato-striatd, longitudi-
naliter wregulariter varicosd ; albidd aut Suscescente.
THE WRINKLED Buccinum. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire
transversely elevately striated throughout, longitu-
dinally irregularly varicose ; whitish or light brown,
2)
Hab.
A peculiarly formed species in which the varicose growth
does not appear to be of accidental occurrence.
Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum cretaceum. Buc. testd acuminato-pyramidali,
subfusiformi, anfractibus rotundatis, levibus concen-
tricé plicatis ; cretaceo-albé, Suscescente tincta.
THE CHALKY Buccrnum. Shell acuminately pyramidal,
somewhat fusiform, whorls rounded, smooth, concen-
trically plicated ; chalky-white, tinged with pale brown
Hab ——?
Of simple structure, but clearly distinct from any pre-
viously described species.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum Cancettartorpes. Bue. testa ovato-fusiformi,
tenuiculd, anfractibus supernée rotundatis, concentricd
plicato-costatis, transversim incisis 3 lutescente.
Tae CaNcELLARIA-LIKE Bucctnum. Shell ovately fusi-
form, rather thin, whorls rounded at the upper part,
concentrically plicately ribbed, transversely engraved ;
yellowish.
2)
Hab.
Peculiar in form and neatly sculptured.
Species 114. (Mus. Hancock.)
BuccinuM sERIcATUM.
culd, spird brevi; anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter
striatis, columelld arcuatd, labro subeffuse ; pallidé
castaned, epidermide sericed virescente partim induta.
Tub sILk-ctap Buccrnum. Shell globosely ovate,
rather thin, spire short; whorls rounded, spirally
striated, columella arched, lip somewhat effused ;
pale chesnut, partially covered with a light green
silken epidermis.
Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p- 328
pl. 4. f. 7.
Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison.
Buc. testé globoso-ovaté, tenui-
This species is unknown to me, but I can have no hesi-
tation in inserting it on the authority of Mr. Hancock.
Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum tortuosum. Bue. testa fusiformi, subtubulosd,
tenui, levi, concentricd indistinctd et irregulariter
plicatd, basi peculiariter canaliculaté et contracté ;
apertura pared, lutescente-alba.
THE TWISTED Bucctnum. Shell fusiform, somewhat tu-
bulous, thin, smooth, concentrically indistinetly and
February, 1847.
BUCCINUM.—Ptate XIV.
irregularly plicated, peculiarly channelled and con-
tracted at the base ; aperture small ; yellowish white.
Hab ?
A light delicate species in which the whorls are of a
tubulous Scalaria-like growth.
Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buccinum LINearE. Bue. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, levi-
gata, spird brevi, acuta ; anfractibus superne subcom- |
pressis ; columellé arcuatd, superne callosé ; cinereo-
aut viridescente-fuscd, lineis nigris inequalibus undique
conspicue cingulatd, columella albidd, aperture Sauce
purpureo-cinered.
THE LINE-DRAWN Buccrnum. Shell ovate, rather thick,
smooth, spire short, acute ; whorls somewhat com-
pressed round the upper part; columella arched,
callous above; ash or greenish brown, conspicuously
encircled throughout with unequal black lines, colu-
mella whitish, interior of the aperture purple ash.
Hab. ?
A very characteristic species of solid srowth not much
unlike the common periwinkle in general aspect.
Species 117. (Mus.,Cuming.)
Buccrsum Lacteum. Buc. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird
acutd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis ; columella
arcuatd, aperture fauce radiatim liratd ; lacteo-ceru-
led, lineis nigricantibus obscuré notatd, aperture fauce
luted, purpureo-fusco tinctd, liris radiantibus albis.
THE MILKY BuccrnuM.
whorls concavely impressed round the upper part ;
Shell oblong-ovate, spire sharp, _
columella arched, interior of the aperture radiately
ridged; milky-blue, marked with obscure black lines,
interior of the aperture yellow, stained with purple-
brown, radiating ridges white.
Hab. ?
This shell is enveloped by a milky coating through
which a dark layer of colouring is discovered ; the aperture
exhibits a great deal of character, being of a pale yellow
ground, distinguished by a rich purple-brown stain over
which the radiating ridges are white.
Species 118. (Mus. Hancock.)
Buccrnum Grenianpicum. Bue. testé oblongo-ovati,
tenui, subventricosd, anfractibus superné leviter angu-
latis, bicarinatis, longitudinaliter subobscuré plicatis,
plicis carinas super nodulosis ; columella subindistincte
plicatd, labro subeffuso ; rufescente-spadiced, epidermide
viridi-flavd partim induta.
Tur GREENLAND Buccrnum. Shell oblong-ovate, thin,
somewhat ventricose, whorls slightly angulated round
the upper part, two-keeled, longitudinally somewhat
obscurely plicated, plaits nodulous in crossing the
keels; columella somewhat indistinctly plaited, hp
slightly effused ; pale reddish fawn colour, partially
covered witha greenish yellow epidermis.
Hancock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xviii. p. 322.
pl. 5. f. 8, and 9.
Hab. West Coast of Davis’s Strait ; Warham and Harrison.
Another of the interesting additions made to this genus
by Mr. Hancock through the dredging exertions of
Messrs. Warham and Harrison of Newcastle on Tyne, in the
locality above quoted.
BUCCINUM.
[Lemporary Indew.]
Plate. Species. Plate. Species.
acuminatum, BYOGErIp c.5..---- Ig 4 fusiforme, (Broderipie ene V.
acutinodosum, Reeve .......... IV. 21 Susiforme, Kiener ............. IV. 25
adspersum, Chemnitz .......... Til. 16 Fusoides, Reeve .............. 101, 9
Althiops, Reeve .............. XIII. 108 gemmatum, Reeve ............ VIL. 49
affine; Gmelinease). ss. asses. VIL. 55 glaciale, Linneus............. HI. 18
alveolatum, Kiener ............ V. 37 glandiforme, Reeve ............ XIV. 109
amygdala (Purp.), Kiener ...... VIII. 60 praciley Reeve ses. ee XU 96
anomalum, Reeve............. VIII. 54 Greenlandicum, Hancock ....... XIV. 118
Anglicanum, Martini .......... IV. 23 hemastoma (Pollia.), (Cp ocace WIL 46
angulosum, Gray ............. Ii. 18 Humphreysianum, Beunett .... . . Ik 1
Antarcticum, Reeve............ V. 30 hydrophanum, Hancock ........ XIII. 103
assimile, Reeve... ............ XI. 90 ep eral es eee ec a eee Tif 8
nclbineh JO ee oecochadesoce Wildl 52 INSIGNISNeheCre en ae VIII. 58
balteatum, Reeve ............. VIII. 59 intinctum, Reeve.............. We 32
bihratum, Reeve .............. X& 71 Labradorense, Reeve .......... Ve 5
bimucronatum, Reeve.......... XI. 88 Jacteum, Reeve ............... XIV. 117
Blainvillii, Deshayes........... XIII. 100 lagenarium (Purp.), Lamarck.... V. 33
Cancellarioides, Reeve .......... XIV. 113 lautum, Reeve................ TEX 63
Cassidarizeforme, Reeve ........ IDK, 11 ligatum, Kiener .............. IV. 22
ciliatum, O. Fabricius.......... 1, 1 limbosum (Purp.), Lamarck .... V. 35
cimeulatum:) Reeve! ae exe 75 lineolatum, Lamarck .......... V. 36
cingillum, Reeve.............. XIII. 101 lineare, Reeve................ XIV. 116
CINISMLeeue rahe ee ee ee XI. 84 ligneum, Reeve............... VIII. 57
ciirinums cere = ae 1X 70 Littorinoides, Reeve ..... 2... XII. 94
concentricum, Reeve........... Xe 72 lina(shhien, (P20) oossauacnencac, vil 87
contractum, Reeve ............ VIII. 53 maculatum, Martyn ........... III. 16
corrugatum, Reeve ............ XIV. 110 maculosum, Lamarck .......... XI. 85
Coromandelianum, Lamarck .... IX. 62 marmoratum, Reeve ........2 XII. 95
costatum, Quoy.............. IN. 20 melanostoma, Sowerby ......... Il. 15
eretaceum, Reeve.............. XIV. 112 Mexicanum, Bruguitre ....... .. ID. 22
crocatums Reeve... 5.255. 0. XII. of modestum, Powis............. IV. 19
cyaneum, Moller... -52.0..5.. Xe 69 modificatum, Reeve ........... IX. 67
Delalandii, Kiener ............ XIII. 106 Mollenyeecoe yee ane Ve 29
GiiWMN, WAP seeocesouseeress Dll 92 Nassoides, Reeve.............. Il. 12
Ghi@ollere, (WEP osadacdacecusnc XIII. 99 nigricostatum, Reeve .......... X. 73
distortum, Gray.............. XI. 86 Norvegicum, Ene. Méth......... IV. 23
Donayaniss Gaye eee ie 2 obliquicostatum, Reeve......... XI. 91
D’Orbignyi, Parandeau ........ VII. 44 WCU, TEA Soccncoaesaan IDS 68
eburneum, Reeve ............. XII. 93 OUD, ID ce oo covenonecest IV. 25
Gin, WIAA bso oogheceacoes IDS 65 pagodus, Reeve............... \ Al; 50
erythrostoma, Reeve........... TI. 14 papyraceum, Brugiére ......... IV. 24.
fasciculatum, Reeve ........... X. 76 pastinaca, Reeve .............. OE 89
AEMEUIN PLCCUCI I sete eae XII. 102 jatennn, JAE. oo capo onaneaue XG 74
Francolinus (Pwrp.) Lamarck ... © VI. 41 plumatum, Gmelin ............ VI. 43
funiculatum, Reeve ............ WAG, 61 plurianulatum, Reeve .......... V.~ 38
porcatum, Gmelin........
PUISUIS, DES AYE8: <. ore = oem = 1 ose =
IPT OLEUSs LCCUE Ne «= ve vialeteleie
pulchrum, Reeve ........
pusio, Linn@us ...........
pyramidale, Reeve ........
Quoyaekeenen eee
TOMI, SOFA vals 6566 6 SH HOH s
ids, JURA Gan oan ees
rubiginosum, Reeve ......
rugatum, Reeve .........
serratum, Dufresne.......
sericatum, Hancock ......
sertum Bruguiére ........
Seis IIS Gasoagessbecose
Sink’, J22208 S onepoaoede-
solidum, Reeve ..........
solutum, Dillwyn ........
spadiceum, Reeve ........
spirale (Pollia), Gray.........
striatum, Pennant .......
BUCCINUM.
Species. Plate.
22 teniatum (Purp.), Powis .......
VI. 39 tenebrosum, Hancock ..........
VIl. 51 ay CoS o-65 babgocnansas
XI. 80 testudineum, Martini ..........
VI. 43 tortuosum, Reeve ...
XII. 104 trilineatums Reeve! 55s Se sees
XIII. 107 Tritonoides, Reeve............
XI. 83 (RRO UNS, JHA oo Gab oo oodo oe
VII. 45 TUDUIOSUMEPARCere rene eee
Vil. 47 turgidum, Dillwyn ............
XIV. lil Tranquebaricum, Martini ......
VI. 39 undatum, Linn@eus ............
XIV. 114 undosum, Jinmmeus............
Wile 42 ustulatum, Reeve ............-
I. 6 varicosum (Murex.), Chemnitz . .
WIE 40 variegatum (Pollia.), Gray .....
XI. 81 ventricosum, Kiener ..........-
I, z vexillum (Stromé.), Chemnitz... .
IX. 64 viverratum, Kiener ...........-
Ill. 13 eulgare, Wa Costa ....:::...--.
Uf, 3 Zealandicum, Reeve ...........-
ERRATA.
Plate V. Sp. 29,—for B. ciliatum, read B. Molleri.
Sp. 38,—for B. plurianulata, read B. plurianulatum.
Plate IX. Sp. 64,—for B. Fusordes, read B. spadiceum.
Species.
Plate
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