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Vol. I. No. 1.

This is the first issue of ‘‘ THE CONCHOLOGIST’S
EXCHANGE.” As encouragement is received it will
assume the form of a printed sheet with columns for
“Exchanges in Mollusca,” ‘* New Localities,” “Answers
to Correspondents,’ &c. This, our first number, has
been sent to 500 Conchologists. Subscription price, 25
cents per annum, post paid. Exchanges of 20 words, Io
cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5
cents. The Conchologist’s Exchange will be issued
semi-monthly, and wiil endeavour to become a cheap
_and useful medium for the exchange of those most beauti-
tiful productions of nature—‘ The Mollusks.”’

EXCHANGES FOR MOLLUSCA ONLY.
CY PRA erosa, L. lynx, L. HELIX albolabris, Say. alter-

CERITHIUM, maculosum, nata, Say. clausa, Say.
Kien. eburneum Brug. elevata, Say. fallax, Say.
CYCLOSTOMA sulcatum, Lam.| hirsuta, Say. inflecta, Say.

elegans Mull. solitaria, Say. | monodon.
LYMN EA zebra Tryon. Rackett. Sayii. Binney.

STROMBINA bicanalifera Sby.| Pupa armifera, Say. corticaria,
Fissurella volcano, Rve. Col-| Say. Fallax, Say. Unio elegans

umbella fulgurans Lam. Lea; lachrymosus, Lea; parvus,
Prof. D. S. SHELDON, Barnes
Davenport, Ia EDWARD A. ENOS,

Connersville, Indiana.

SUCCINEA putris L.

HELIX arbustorum L. NASSA fossata Gld.
‘« nemoralis L Purpura saxicola Val.
«« ericetorum, Mull. Amycla gausapata Gas.
‘* rotundato, Mull. Adula falcata Gld.
‘« —lapicida L. cellaria Mull | Acmza spectrum Esch.
Pupa muscorum, L. scabra, Nutt. pelta, Esch.
Cionella subcylindriea, Hipponyx cranioides, Carp.
E LEHNERT, G. W. PUTERBAUGH, |
Washington, D. C, Greenfield, Indiana.
GONIOBASIS simplex, Say. : 4
carinifera, Lam. bella, Con. American and Foreign
perangulata, Con. eee
sorgida Lea symmetrica, Hald Unionidae for exchange.
2benum, Lea Send for list.
Melantho subsolida Anth. Pg
Unio-rubiginosus Lea.
pustulosus Lea., gracilis, Barnes} No responsibility will be as-
W. A. MARSH, sumed for the standing of the

Aledo, Illinois./above parties.

Address, WILLIAM D. AVERELL, Proprietor,
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA.

Vol. I, No. 1.

This is the first issue of ‘THE CONCHOLOGIST’s
EXCHANGE.” As encouragement is received it will
assume the form of a printed sheet with columns for
“ Exchanges in Mollusca,” ‘‘ New Localities,” “Answers
to Correspondents,” &c. This, our first number, has
been sent to 500 Conchologists. Subscription price, 25
cents per annum, post paid. Exchanges of 20 words, 10
cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5
cents. The Conchologist’s Exchange will be issued
semi-monthly, and will endeavour to become a cheap
and useful medium for the exchange of those most beauti-

tiful productions of nature—‘ The Mollusks.”’

EXCHANGES FOR

CYPREA erosa, L. lynx, L.
CERITHIUM, maculosum,
Kien. eburneum Brug.
CYCLOSTGMA sulcatum, Lam.
elegans Mull.
LYMNA zebra Tryon.
STROMBINA bicanaliferay Sby.
Fissurella volcano. Rve. Col-
umbeila fulgurans Lam.
Prof. D. S. SHELDON,
Davenport, Ta

SUCCINEA putris L,
HELIX arbustorum L.
‘* nemoralis L
ericetorum, Mull.
“* rotundato, Mull.
«« ~\apicida L, cellaria Mull
Pupa muscorum, L.
Cionella subcylindriea.

E LEHNERT,

Washington, D.C.

GONIOBASIS simplex, Say.
carinifera, Lam. bella, Con.
perangulata, Con.
sordida Lea symmetrica, Hald
ebenum, Lea
Melantho subsolida Anth,
Unio-rubiginosus Lea.

pustulosus Lea., gracilis, Barnes

W. A: MARSH,

MOLLUSCA ONLY.

HELIX albolabris, Say. alter-
nata, Say. clausa, Say.
elevata, Say. fallax, Say.
hirsuta, Say. inflecta, Say.
solitaria, Say. monodon.
Rackett. Sayii. Binney.

Pupa armifera, Say. corticaria,
Say. Fallax, Say. Unio elegans
Lea; lachrymosus, Lea; parvus,
Barnes
EDWARD A. ENOS,
Connersville, Indiana.

NASSA fossata Gld.
Purpura saxicola Val.
Amycia gausapata Gas.
Adula falcata Gld.
Acmeza spectrum Esch.
scabra, Nutt. pelta, Esch.
Hipponyx cranioides, Carp.
G. W. PUTERBAUGH,
Greenfield, Indiana.

American and Foreign
Unionidae for exchange.
Send for list.

No responsibility will be as-

sumed for the standing of the

Aledo, [llinois.|above parties.

ae. WILLIAM D. AVERELL, Proprietor,

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA.

Uivision >! Mollusks

Sectional Library

haf Wao. Halk,

he Conchologists

Frebange.

Vo.. I.

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AUGUST, 1886.

No. 2.

A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO-
GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS.

WM. D. AVERELL,
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.

Printed by JoHn C. Clark & Sons, Stationers and
Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia-
ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the 1oth
of each month.

TERMS:

Subscription per Year, - - - -
To Foreign Countries, - - - . 3
Single Copies, 3 Cents Each.

CLUB RATES:

25 Cents.

“e

3 Copies One Year, - - - $ .60
5 “e “e “e =e ee .90
ro SO: RAaGe Fi - - - 1.65
20 ce “e “e = * 3 oo

Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank
Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip-
tions and correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

Advertising Rates given on application.

SALUTATORY.

It is customary to salute patrons in the first
issue of a periodical, but as our space was
limited to one side of a postal card we were
necessarily cramped for room, and could not
say all we desired. The encouragement we
prayed for has been received, friends have
wished us success, and better still, they have
sent their subscriptions. We shall endeavour
to be concise and plain in language, confining
our attention to the science of Conchology and
giving information of vital interest to the stu-

dent of Mollusca. As an earnest of our good
intentions in this respect we refer you to the
columns reserved for Exchanges, by the use
of which we trust your cabinet and libraries
may be rendered more attractive and valu-
able. As improvements become advisable we
shall adopt them thinking ourselves well re-
paid if by the kindly intercourse thereby en-
gendered we spread the seed of knowledge
which will be enjoyed afterward in the ripened
state, at the mutual harvest home.

CHANGE OF ISSUE.

We intended at the inception of our enter-
prise to issue our paper semi-monthly, but upon
sober second thought, backed by the advice of
friends, we have made a monthly issue of it.
Among other reasons urged for the alteration is
that exchangers, especially foreigners, (and it
is our ardent desire to bring Conchologists of
all nations into the most happy relations), will
not have time to correspond before the ex-
changes are altered or disposed of nearer home.
This reason was conclusive; hence we must
ask our patrons to excuse us for the change.
The price, which is merely nominal will re-
main the same. ;

EDITORIAL.

What a fascinating study is Conchology.
Take a perfect shell. Its globule ready-fused
by the hand of the Maker is before you; its
face-marks are plain and _ distinguishable.
Days need not be spent in determining its
family. A novice finding several species of
Murex upon the sea shore may readily see the
family resemblance by the varices, more or
less depressed upon the whorls; and by the
straight anterior canal. And so with other
families “ad infinitum,” each having a dis-
tinctive character. The determination of

NECROLOGY.

Our friends will confer a favor by sending
us reliable information of the demise of Con-
chologists; short notices of whose decease we
will insert here, free of charge.

Sheldon, Daniel Sylvester, A. M., L. L. D.,

Prof. Griswold College, Davenport, Iowa. |

Vi OLLUSCA

Born December, 1808. Died, 5th June, 1886.

AGENCY

HOR), LEE SALE OF

OOS
"Structural and Systematic
Conchology,”

“Tryon s Manual of Sonchology"

Edited and Published by

Prof. GEO. W. TRYON, Jr,

Circulars giving full particulars of
these standard works may be had by

sending a 2 cent postage stamp to
WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Send for
PRICE-EIST

For Sale by
WM. D. AVERELE,
CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

Our stock has been care-

fully selected, named and

| located.

We are also prepared to
furnish labels and cards for
mounting shells in styles
to suit, at very reasonable

prices.

Che Conchologists Exchange,

WOMEN Es

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER,

1886. INO Bs

A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO-
GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS.

WM. D. AVERELL,
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.

Printed by Joun C. Crark & Sows, Stationers and
Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia-
ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the 15th
of each month.

TERMS:
Subscription per Year, - - - - 25 Cents.
To Foreign Countries, -' - 3 oC

Single Copies, 3 Cents Each.
CLUB RATES:

3 Copies One Year, - - - § .60
“ef « “ce

- - - «go

Be ry « e Be ee en I bs

20 c ce ce e - 3 00

Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank
Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip-
tions and correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

Advertising Rates given on application.

EDITORIAL.

Mr, Bryant Walker of Detroit, Mich. writes
in regard to the reception of his circular of
September, 1885, which was issued for the
purpose of securing information about the
_ distribution throughout the United States and
~ Canada, of all the species of land and fresh-
water mollusks common to Great Britain and
North America, including also such species as
are closely allied if not identical with corre-
sponding British forms :— A large number of
replies were received and forwarded to Mr.
Taylor, (Editor of the Journal of Conchology,

Leeds, England, Ed.), which covered the
ground quite satisfactorily. The extreme points
from which information was received being
Massachusetts and Florida on the east; and
Washington Territory and California on the
west. The greatest lack however was in
reference to the Gulf States. Mr. Taylor’s
Monograph has not yet been published. Any
further information would be very acceptable.
I'shall be glad to send a copy of my circular to
any one who would be willing to aid Mr.
Taylor.”

We wish Mr. Walker the greatest success
in his laudable efforts in aid of Mr. Taylor’s
project, and we hope that those of our readers
who can send or influence the information
lacking from the Gulf States, will do so at
the earliest possible moment.

So many kind letters have been received by
us from friends all over the Country testifying
to the good fortune “THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE” has brought to their doors, that
we have reluctantly abandoned the idea we
first had of publishing a number of the letters

| received, as the kind wishes expressed would

fill the paper. Some have closed out all their

| duplicates; others have made fewer exchanges,

but write us they have made valuable, and we
trust lasting friendships. This is very encour-
aging to us, and we talee this opportuniiy of
thanking you one and all for your many favors
and trust you may not only support our little
paper but induce your friends to do the same.

No late works have been received with
more general satisfaction than have ‘ Structural
and Systematic Conchology”’ and ‘* Manual of
Conchology,’’ edited and published by Prof.
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. The call at present is for
works describing the latest developements of
Science and the idea is realized in these stand-
ard works. Students of all degrees of fortune

have had their needs considered as the former
work has been issued in four editions and the
latter in three; the cheaper editions of both
works bring them within the means of all
students of nature.

It is unwise, not to say careless to pass by
shells upon collecting tours without a thorough
examination. We have one valve of Unio
circulus, Lea, which has the usual modest
epidermis of its species; while the beautiful
coloring of its nacre suggests the hues of an
autumnal sunset. A former owner aptly
labelled it ‘‘a poor specimen outside, but one
of a thousand within.”

Professor Forel discovered that specimens of

Limnzea found in the deep waters of the Swiss
lakes had their pulmonary sacs filled with
water instead of air. Another curious fact
commented upon was that when the animal
was exposed to the atmosphere the normal
method of respiration was resumed without
any appearance of suffering whatever.

Why do you keep that box of duplicates
lying there in the dust, when it should be far
on its way towards helping your fellow student
in his researches? He has something in his
cabinet that-you may have in trade for the
asking, while that box is fast becoming a
fossil right in your sight, and its contents are
doing neither your friends nor you any good.

What with the constant Work of the Steamer
‘“‘Blake” and others of the United States
Coast Survey, and the many new forms being
discovered by Profesgpr Verrill and his com-
patriots it can scarcely be said that our nation
is behindhand in the march of scientific
progress. i

Your attention is respectfully called to L.
G. Kiener’s rare and very valuable work pub-
lished in another column. This is the chance
of a life-time and is well worth the money.

A new Mitra has been discovered by Pro-
fessor Dall.

The Faunatic dependence of the Mediterranean
upon the Atlantic.

The voyage of the Krench despatch boat
“ Travailleur”’ in 1880 and 1881 was the means
of deciding conclusively the absolute depen-
dence of the Mediterranean Sea upon the
Atlantic Ocean for its fauna. The Mediterra-
nean at the depth of 2600 metres was often
found to have a muddy bottom covered in
many places with large quantities of pelagic
mollusks such as Hyalea, Carinaria, etc. Not
finding the conditions necessary for the high
development of animal life the ‘* Travailleur”
sailed westward and when outside the Straits
of Gibraltar the character of the sea bed was
found to have entirely changed. Pebbly,
sandy and rocky areas were encountered which
brought with them a gratifying increase in the
animal life yielded by the dredges. Accord-
ing to Prof. A. Milne Edwards who accom-
panied the expedition the more the Mediterra-
nean forms are studied the more it becomes
evident that its species can be found in the
Atlantic. The similarity of species was es-
pecially noticeable upon the coasts of Portugal,
Morocco and Senegal; many forms being
found which were considered indigenous to
the Mediterranean coasts, while on the latter
numerous species were encountered which
were believed to be peculiar to the Atlantic,
which has proved that the fauna of the Med-
iterranean Sea had its origin in the Atlantic
Ocean by way of the Straits of Gibraltar.
—From The work of the “ Travailleur” in
Americon Naturalist, Jan., 1883.

A Word to our Younger Friends,

It has not been so very long since our entire
collection consisted of a conch or two from the
sea-shore and a few mussels from the river near
us. Common names, but dear to us, as were
the shells. We heartily sympathize with youin
your early struggles and disappointments and
advise you not to give up in despair because
your first essay has had a frown for its reward;
or your first exchange advertisement received
but one answer. Visit the sea, the streams
and the woods and wherever you may be able
to find nature’s tributes, tributes which will
be so much ammunition for the long winter’s
battles. We will try not to be slighted if you

do not use either our “Price List” or “ Ex-
change column” but you can certainly afford
to subscribe to our little paper if for nothing
else than to see and hear how the other bees
are hiving. We cordially invjte you to ask
us questions and we will give you any infor-
mation we possess. In conclusion we beg of
you not to be dismayed if you see your ex-
changes in the company of more advanced
collectors. They certainly will have patience
with you when they think of their own early
struggles for recognition and reward.

Arion subfuscus and Helix hispida var. |
fusca in Yorkshire.

On June 2d, 1886, I found three specimens
of Arion subfuscus, Drap. in a Garden at
Lofthouse. The species is well marked being
of an orange-brown color the shield some-
what brighter and clearer than the other parts.
It is larger than a hortensis and it is surprising
that the species has been so long overlooked.
As it is apparently not rare it must have been
taken for a yellow variety of A. hortensis. I
sent the three specimens to Mr. Cockerell of
Chiswick, who identified them for me. To-
gether with a few other slugs and shells I sent
a few specimens of Helix hispida which Mr.
Cockerell states are Mencke’s variety fusca,
well known on the Continent but which does
not appear to be recognized in the British
Isles —George Roberts, |.ofthouse, Wakefield,
in “ Zoologist”” for August, ’86.

EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.

Exchanges which are merely indirect offers
of articles for money will not be accepted.

We will not hold ourselves responsible for
any mistakes or disappointments occurring
because of bad faith on the part of any of our
exchangers.

Terms which must be cash with order, are
as follows:—Exchanges of 20 words including
address, 10 cents; for each additional 10
words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than Io cents.

ZONITES nitidus, Miill.
B , volvoxis, Parr , elevatum, Say, multilineata, Say,
exoleta, Binn. , thyroides, Say, Leaii, Ward, pulchella,
Miill. Succinea, ovalis, Gld,, avara, Say. Limneza

Helix Mooreana, W. G.

palustris, Miill, Physa gyrina, Say, Forsheyi, Lea.
Bulinus hypnorum, L. Segmentina armigera, Say.
Melantho obesa, Lewis. Pleurocera subulare, Lea.
Goniobasis livescens, Mke., carinifera, Lam., comalen-
sis, Pilsbry. Unio subovatus, Lea. Anodonta ovata,
Lea. JEROME TROMBLEY,
Petersburg, Mich.

OFFERED :—Unio Buckleyi, Lea, hebes, Lea,
fuscatus, Lea. Strophia incana, Say. Oliva literata,
Lam. Lucina floridana, Con, Modiola sulcata, Lam.
50 species Florida shells. Wanted :—Monoceros
grande, Gray. Turbinella pyrum L. Nassa grandiosa,
Hds. Polygyra avara, Say, pustuloides, Bld. Tri-
odopsis Hopetonensis, Shutt. Unio Kleinianus, Lea.
Neptunea antiqua, L; Pisania pusio, L. Oliva Brazil-
iana, L. Admete viridula, Fab. Conus figulinus, L.,
ammiralis, L., augur, Hwass. Malea ringens, Swn.

CHAS. T. SIMPSON, Ogalalla, Neb.

HAVING made several collecting tours to the West
Indies, I have a goodly number of both marine and
land shells for exchange. I can also furnish fine spec-
imens of Unio Canadensis, Lea , which are found in
this region. Address J. J. BROWN, M. D.,

Sheboygan, Wis.

FIFTY species Ohio Unionidz and thirty species
Ohio Helicide for species from South and West.
Pror. E. T. NELSON, Delaware, O.

OFFERED :—Liberal exchanges of Cape shells for
specimens of Marine and Fresh-water shells from all
parts of the world.

MARY GLANVILLE, Grahamstown, So. Africa.

WANTED :—From different localities, species of
Goniobasis, Pleurocera and other genera of the Family
Strepomatide, for comparison and study. Will ex-
change other shells for them, either Land, Fresh-water
or Marine. A. A. HINKLEY,

DuBois, Washington Co., Ills.

SWISS Land and Fresh-water shells offered in ex-
change for British species.
Dr. RUDOLPH HAEUSLER,
128 Kensington Park Road, London, W.

OFFERED :—Unio heterodon ; Margaritana undu-
lata; Pisidium Adamsii, Virginicum, compressum ;
Spherium securis, occidentale, Novi eboraci; Vertigo
ovata and others. BYRON P. RUGGLES,

Hartland, Vt.

MICHIGAN shells to exchange for Land and Fresh-
water species from other localities.
BRYANT WALKER,
Moffat Building, Detroit, Mich.

OFFERED—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus ;
Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber-
landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli-
mulus schiedianus,; mooreanus ; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop-
sis, for fresh water shells.

H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa.

Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca.

Tertiary and other fossils from Southern States and
Europe ; 50 species of Bird’s Eggs; and 60 pounds of
Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates
rough and polished; Pyromorphite; Native Copper ;
Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa and Australia.

Address W. D AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa.

BOOK EXCHANGE.
[OPEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS. |

OFFERED—Ohio Geological Reports for Penna.
Geological Reports. Also, Powell’s 2d Annual Geo-
logical Report for the 3d or sth.

Prof. E. T. NELSON, Delaware, Ohio.

OFFERED —Kirby’s Butterflies-anad Moths, new,
bound, for exchange. Wanted—Cooke’s ‘‘ Handbook
of British Fungi; ’’ “‘ Rust, Smut, Mildew and Mould,”’
or any other good works. ARTHUR DOWNES,

Combe Raleigh, Honiton, Devon, Eng.

FOR EXCHANGE—“ Knowledge,’’ Annals
Natural History and Midland Naturalist from April to
August. TOE UL PiEY, 17 Brazenose:st.,) © >

Manchester, Eng.

OFFERED—Woodward’s ‘‘ Manual of the Mol-
lusca’’ and Scientific Recreation. Wanted—Geologi-
cal Works. GEO. E. EAST, JR., 10 Basinghall St.,

London, E. C.

OFFERED—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca
‘75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth
Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52
edtn.; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y. Bones of Masto-
dons, 1o plates; Agassiz & Gould’s. Comp. Physi-
ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto-
gamia; Lea’s On a Fossil Saurian of the New Red
Sandstone Formt’n.; Leidy’s Geol sketch of Est. &
Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c., prest’n copy;
Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s
Cretaceous Flora, 30 plates. Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4,
Neuroptera, Vol. 6, Diptera and Caleoptera 3 pp. out.

WANTED—Eirst 3 vols. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio;
Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of
Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter’s works ;
Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Plates; or effers in works on
Conchology. W. D. AVERELL,

Chestnut Hiil, Phila.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
[OPEN TO ALL SUBSCRIBERS. |

Amateur :—Helicina subtropica is not de-
scribed in W. G. Binney’s * Land and Fresh-
water Shells of North America,” and it there-
fore looks as though your specimens were

misnamed. It may be H. tropica Jan which
is synonymous with H. orbiculata, Say. Habitat,
Texas to Georgia, Tennessee to Florida.

B. P. R.—Limnzea gracilis Jay, was dis-
covered by Prof. Emmons in Lake Champlain.
Dr. J. Lewis also found it in Schuyler’s Lake,
N. Y. The color and form of this shell would
indicate its preference for clear, deep water.

T. S. H. New Orleans, La.—Linnzeus was
knighted. by the King of Sweden in 1757, as
a reward for an invention of his by which the
fresh-water pearl mussel was made to produce
its pearls artificially.

Inquirer, Hartford, Ct—You are correct.
Unio Cunninghami was found in the lakes of
Sumter Co., Fla.; but it received its name from
Prof. Berlin H. Wright.

C. T. S.—Try a weak solution of some
colorless acid taking care to apply it only to
the parts of the sl.ell needing removal. Will
inquire further.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

1. “The Tertiary Fauna of Newton and
Wautubbee, Miss ’’ by Otto Meyer and T. H.
Aldrich. 2. ‘Catalogue of Uniones in the
cabinets of W. W. Calkins,” (now the prop-
erty of T. H. Aldrich), from T. H. Aldrich,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

“List of Shell-bearing Mollusca of Mich-
igan,”’ by W. H. DeCamp, M. D., from the
“ Kent Scientific Institute.”

“The Shells of Pettis County, Mo.,”’ by F.
A. Sampson, Sedalia, Mo., from the author.

Lists of ‘ Hygrophila and Thalassophila”’
*Unionide and Cyrenidz”’ in the collection of
J. J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis.

NECROLOGY.

Captain D. H. Murdoch, U. S. A., an
enthusiastic student of nature was drowned in
the Grand River, Utah, on June 6th, 1886,

STRIE.
Our friend, Dr. 'J. J. Brown of Sheboygan,

Wis., having travelled very extensively in the |

West Indies, Honduras, Florida, etc,, kindly
promises to write an article describing his
travels there which we hope to publish shortly.

Prof. R. P. Whitfield has edited a valuable
work in his “‘ Brachiopoda and Lamellibranch-
iata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand marls
of New Jersey;’’ lately published by the
Government Printing Office.

Charles Townsend of the Smithsonian In-
stitution will sail early in October for British
Honduras, to study the Natural History of
that country.

Dr. S. H. Wright and Son of Penn Yan,
N. Y., will visit Florida in October and expect
to spend six months there collecting.

Correction:—Rev. A. B. Kendig’s address
is 35 Dale St., Boston, and not 5 Hanover St.,
Lynn, Mass., as printed in last issue.

KIE NER.

10 Volumes of Kiener’s “Iconographie des Coquilles
Vivantes”’ for sale.

Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.;
Genre Cone Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius.
Columbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra).

follows:
Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle.
Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau.

uncut; new; Paris.

Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire.
cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cypreea), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire.
Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre.

Bound in 10 volumes as
Rocher, (Murex) Triton,

Rostellaire, Ptero-
Cassidaire,
Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium),

Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque.
Price for 10. Volumes, $190.

This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time,

Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Contchology and
Manual of Conchology.

Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application.
SPECIAL NOTICE :—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of

Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5.00, post, paid.

Issued new at $8.00.

Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca,

642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus.

London, 1880 edition.

Price $2.60, post-paid.

Price-List of Mollusca.

Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application. Stock carefully
selected, named and located. ;

Labels and Mounting Cards.

For Shells, printed in the latest styles at reasonable prices.

Address.

WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of Price

List of Mollusca No. 2;

Terms :—Cash with order.

by purchasers in all cases.

sold under same conditions.

Express charges to be borne

UNIVALVES

Azeca.

tornatellina, Lwe...........-...+«. 5
Cyprea

vitellus, L....

helveola, L...

EXOSA Wicesesenes Acboannoncontdacdo-d 10,
Cyclostoma

hzmostoma, Anton............ I5 to 25

unifasciatus, Sby.......... seeoeers I5, 20
Cerlthium

CLETITHIMD, SS DY..-<-200essceeseren--ss Io, 15
Crepiduia

navicelloides, Nutt.....ssss---+ Io
Chama

Circinata, Monts... .<........-..... 10, 15
Dolabella

PRanT pO Worse sssceuctesescabenc=s 25 to 50
Kulima

ACICM cle G1 acl aeeaclennscencacactos 5
Fusus

Goelatiise RVEsscnesranecsnesteas ces 10
Io.

fluvialis, Say........ Reeenese ee eine 5, 10
Lucidella

areola, sGrel.tetsesccesns ness-a0- 3
Melantho

Subsolidals Ante .c.ctssescwtereses 5
Murex

IGOlOL Valve steccechecstncdcetvach ss 20

Martinianus.. 2.5120

LE VAS PAA nasaanopeseataqeestee==s 20

palma-rosz, Lam...........----- 50, 75
Nacella

TIC LASS ASM EVCS: sncedvecsse nen sieaess Io
Neritina

dilatata, Bree

Layardi, Rve..
Ostodes

SOMA GUS Gi acesacnveccusveencrase IO, I5
Oliva :

irisans, var. tremulina........ Io to 40
Oo SC MTLO DTS. ROVE Rass s 40, 50

gibbosa, IBYoy qf alnomcrones Se neaeene 25 to 40

tigrina, LL:....... 25 to 50

inflata, Lam 15 to 25
Physa

arirantia,jGptrniesscctcssicecssess T5

Pedipes

Adtran GinG)oeecserencssasencarsas ease igs
Trochus

Josephina, Ad............+6.----- 5

tee
Conradi, Tryon 25
subulare, leas sees nereceace seer 3
BIVALVES

Anodonta

CAtATACEA SAY nsthees-sencerceserees 55

TINDPEGIUIS A MUCA! cecceneeseescnenss--> >
Anomia

epphippium, Li......ccceceeeee- 55
Adula

falcatan Gpinescerezescase aieesare 15 to
Avicula

SLOLMA 2... secccccccccveiscecccvescorecs I5
Artemis

concentrica, Born.............-..+ 25
Catinella

explanata, Gld..........-..2++++-+- iss
Chama

TOSLOMA WOM. se ssersescccleassmeee 20;
Chione

I0,

alllimay sluteercoccsrsvcccseesesreeeokes
gemma, Tott.... .
Isabellina, Phil...

Wn mlosas alms. nasssercsee ass i 5>
Cardium

MGCUSH MIM besessencsssescersesesuansitS
Donax

frifasciatus), IRVe:..<2....s..esere0 LO

_ Dosina

GISCHSS URVElrensaccesscscavatsenessae 10
Gouldia ,

flabellay (Gon ssesccccssvonscesnssare 5,
Iridena

rubens, Lam....... Restionosaneasseenm OF
Lucina

Jamaicensis, Lam................. 20
Margaritana

marginata, Say LS.

undulata, Say....... 10,

Holstonia, Lea asd

complanata, Barnes. sy 2th

deltoidea, Lea.... . 10

margaritifera, L. 19

OGHEACEMS) SAV ses.cessctberweresscs2O

| rugosa, Barnes..........

confragosa, Say......+.
Moneocondyiea

Mardinensis, Lea..........ss0«+ 25
Mycetopus

PYZMAA, SPK...eeeseerecceeeeseeees 15, 20

siliquosa, W)ZOrDesrcccncsssessss . 20
Macoma

Nasuta, CON e.c..ce-nccceas ppd 15
Nucula

limatula, Say......- ou Scusneusaqe test 5
Pandora

trilineatus, Say......ssernsccsccee LO, 15
Pecten

zequisulcatus, Cpr....ccccoscscees I5, 20

dislocatus, Say wisiventemesenesnenees IO, 15
Prisodon

truncatus; SCHUM ss <csascess«s- 20, 30
Pholas

Gacty lus 5 Ls .cccssenthoseeesectetnese 25
Sanguinolaria

TH OSAy a lesncenertancenees oscena eas
Siliqua

COstatal WAvccncmepesssseesce eceees 15
Tapes

staminea, var diversa Sby..... 15
Tellina

calcarea, Chem

alternata, Say....

balustina, Wt secers ss

salmonea, Con........ss00 Sacoeets Io
Triquetra

SUDVILIGIS, Mal. csconatcesccesses estas 15
Unio

GOUS ro ChUS (tees ses-soscactersnsnatee 10, 15

pullatus, Lea... Poeenees 15

timadusvivetz. soc. scuersccesere 10

TPVISSIMUS MCA sw cccesesessenese be)

BPrevidens) Wsedv..cJsscceccesecseses 10, 15

Blandingianus, Lea............... 10, 15

Boykinianus, Lea.... 15 to 25

CIN CUIMS NICAL « tevsesuapaeesoanscaane 5,10

Glavas amie. scecnccccrseeeeen 10, 15

Gonfertis Weatcs..csvescecces sores TO: 2a

MLY LOWES, WRat... vssusctsscetecees I5, 20

Leibii,. Lea....? IO, 15

litoralis, Lam.... ax5

Requienii, Mich... +. 10

| brevis, Beck.sscsssssssoeoseessesee IO

The Conchologists’ Exchange.

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1886.

No. 4

.
A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO-
GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS.

WM. D. AVERELE,
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.
Printed by Jonn C. Crark & Sons, Stationers and

Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia-
ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the 15th
of each month.

TERMS:

Subscription per Year, - - - -
To Foreign Countries, - - - . 3
Single Copies, 3 Cents Each.

CLUB RATES:

25 Cents.
“e

3 Copies One Year, - - - §$ .60
af “e “e arearrt= .90

Io “se “ce ce P. 7 is 1.65
20 ce “e “e a pS 3 00

Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note or by Registered Lettzr. Please make Bank
Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip-
tions and correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

Advertising Rates given on application.

EDITORIAL

One of the finest collecting grounds for the
Conchologist to visit is the Panamic Province
which comprises the western coast of America
from the Gulf of California to Payta in Peru.
While many regions more remote base their
claims to distinction upon the greater rarity
of their specimens, the fact remains that no
Province within comparatively easy reach of
American collectors possesses so many varie-
ties of mollusks noted for their beauty of form
and color as well as for the great numbers in
which they are found. The Ocean and Gulf
teem with molluscan life, and as if this were not

enough the trees bordering the mouths of the
rivers have among them numerous species of
Arca, Cyrena, Purpura, Auricula, and others,
while Littorinz climb the trees and are found
upon their leaves. The total number of sea
shells found in this Province is upward of
1,500. Included in this large number are 27
Chitonide, 13 Acmzidze, 18 Fissurellidae, 64
Trochoide, 28 Calyptrzidee, 69 Pyramid-
ellidee, §9 Buccinidee, and 90 Muricidz. Too
much praise can not be given to Mr. P. P.
Carpenter for his faithful labors in behalf of
Conchology in this highly favored Province,
and a marked evidence of the value of his dis-
coveries may be found in the growing scarcity
of his works.

The Messrs. S. O. and H. N. Ridley of the
South Kensington Museum, London, in a
cruise along the Norwegian coast noticed but
few marine mollusks besides great quantities
of Littorine until Hammerfest was reached,
when many varieties of bright colored shells
were found. ‘This they found was due to the
slight rise of the tide (3 feet) in the southern
part of Norway, the Skagerrack coast and the
west coast to the south of Bergen. The voy-
age which lasted eight days extended from
Trondhjem to the North Cape and gave the
Messrs Ridley much information about the
Norwegian tides as well as the marine fauna
of the coast. At Hammerfest the tide rose
to the. height of ten feet, which was ascer-
tained to be the average rise and fall.

Very few American cities of its size take as
much interest in Natural History and express
the same in the public manner that Milwaukee,
Wisconsin does. There a Public Museum
has been erected in connection with the Ex-
position Building; and is maintained by a tax
levied upon the citizens who are justly proud
of their fine building and enjoy its manifold

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

advantages. The time will come, and we
hope its advent is not far off, when many
more cities will take municipal cognizance of
the fact that._public money can be spent in no
better way than in the erection of just such
Museums as that possessed by Milwaukee.

Deep-sea soundings continue to be made in
the South Pacific but the onus of the work has
been borne by American navigators. Since
the splendid work of the ‘ Challenger,” our
government has been apathetic in making in-
vestigations in the South Pacific and it is with
much interest we await the report of the
American vessel ‘Enterprise,’ which has
lately run a line of deep-sea soundings from

Wellington, New Zealand to the Straits of |

Magellan. The greatest depth reached upon
this line was found to be 1,562 fathoms.

United States war vessels will soon survey
the Pacific north of the ‘* Challenger’s”’ line,
which was 30° south latitude, by lines run at
short distances apart. Conchologists will
naturally look for mauy new discoveries in
the fauna of this prolific ocean, :

We are pleased to learn that the San Diego
Society of Natural History has secured an
eligible site for its proposed new building.

Very fine shells of Scalaria pretiosa, Lam-
arck, sold for $500 in the earlier days of this
century.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

Owing to the late arrival of foreign corres-
pondence ‘‘ The Conchologists’ Exchange”
for October has been somewhat delayed, for
which we hope our subscribers will kindly
excuse us.

Helix nemoralis in a New Locality.

A remarkable instance of hardihood is fur-
nished in the case of specimens of /eéix,
nemoralis which were found by the Rev. A.
H. Delap firmly adhering to the bleak and
almost precipitous rock which forms the
Great Skellig Island on the Kerry coast. The
waters of the Atlantic during storms, dash

with great fury up the sides of this rocky
island, and have been known to break the /-
inch plate-glass in the light house which is
considerably above the place where xzemoralis
was found, without detaching the shells. No
better testimony need be had of the muscular
power of the foot of this little mollusk. The
Rev. Delap also found Arion ater, Limax
agrestis, Hyalina alliaria, Helix rotundata,
Pupa umbilicata, Balea perversa, Clausilia
rugosa and several others not identified, but
in localities not so freely exposed to the fury
of the sea as that in which semoralis was
found,

Notes on the Mollusca of the Bahamas.
By J. J. Brown, M. D.

The American lover of Conchology who in-
tends visiting a tropical region for the first
time will find no place equal to the Bahamas.
The climate is healthy and comfortable; the
thermometer lingering steadily in the vicinity
of 80° F. On all the Islands the English lan-
guage is spoken; the people are hospitable
and courteous to the stranger; and the expe-
dition is not expensive. Nassau, the capital
city, is easily reached, and the visitor on land-
ing there will find a highly cultivated people,
and a good-sized city embowered. in a wilder-
ness of tropical vegetation, among which are
the bread-fruit, cocoanut, banana, the citrus
family, and many other fruits, flowers and
trees peculiar to the sunny isles of the south-
ern seas.

New Providence, though a small island,
abounds in much that.will interest the lover
of shells. The first things to attract attention
are the large and beautiful Cassides; Cassis
cameo, tuberosa and flammea; also the Strom-
bus gigas which in great numbers are offered
for sale to the newcomer, together with quan-
tities of the odds and ends of many kinds of
shells picked up on the sea-shore, mostly
worthless, yet among them now and then
some desirable specimens Much of this is-
Jand is not cultivated and going out of the
city we soon come into the ‘* Bush,”’ and here
one’s enthusiasm receives a fresh impulse on
discovering thousands of living Strophia glans
which in the winter hibernates and adheres to
any available place, and often when there is

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

a fever it is thickly dotted with them. A few
other Strophias peculiar to the Bahamas are
found on this island. Helix provisoria is very
abundant; also Bulimus sepulchralis, Steno-
gyra octona, and a goodly number of many
other land shells.

The rocky parts of the sea-shore of New
Providence abound in specimens of Nerita
tessellata, versicolor and peloronta together
with Chitons, Patellas, Fissurellas and Littor-
inas. On the south side of the island there is
quite an extent of very shallow sea the bottom
of which is covered with sea weed inhabited
by numerous crustaceans, echinoderms, Naticas
and Cerithiums. Asaphis deflorata and Co-
dakia tigerina are found buried in the sand;
while near the shore in brackish water Perna
ephippium may be found in masses fastened
by its byssus. In fact everywhere, around
and on the island are many things of interest.

Adjacent to New. Providence are Porcine,
Athols, Rose, and some other small islands
about which are many beautiful and interes-
ting coral groves, where the Gorgonia, the
Pterogorgia, and a whole world of marine
animal and plant life flourish in all their glory.
Although it would “pay” to visit this part of
the Bahamas only, the expedition would be
incomplete without going to a number of the
other islands such as Abaco, Cat, Andros,
Watlins, Exuma, Fortune and Inagua, for
each of -these islands has something of pecu-
liar interest. Inagua abounds with Strophia
alvearia and variety rubicanda. Helix Mill-
eri is found at the Fortune Islands, covering
the bushes; Helix salvatoris at Exuma; Helix
varians at Rum Key; and at places on Cat
Island very fine Strophia mumia and Martensi
are met with, Generally speaking what is
scarce on one island is very abundant upon
another; and the same is true of marine shells.

All the islands are easily visited from Nas-
sau as it is the seat of government; the bulk
of the business being transacted there, while
vessels are constantly arriving from and de-
parting to the various islands. Each of the
Bahama Islands is little more than a mass of
coral rock, and their shores are either this
naked rock or a beach made up of coral sand.
The rocky parts abound with the Chiton, Pa-
tella, Fissurella, Nerita, Littorina, etc.; and
where the waves are most tumultuous is the

home of the Turbo pica, Purpura patula and
some others; while the Arca and Fasciolaria
choose the more quiet nooks and bays. All
these can easily be collected in any number;
but those that live among the corals and the
reefs and out on the bars the collector will
often find much difficulty in getting, for they
seldom wash ashore in good condition, and
they can be gathered only when the water is
still; and one may wait in vain for days for
such an opportunity.

The large Cassides and Tritons, Dolium
galea, Strombus accipitrinus, Turbinella scol-
ymos and others are generally picked up by
the spongers and other fishermen to supply
the ordinary curiosity hunters who would
neither know what an operculum was or care
for it, so the fishermen do not save it. Al-
though I have written more than I intended
yet only here and there among the many
things has a bare mention been made of those
that interest collectors; and all these attrac-
tions are only a little way down where per-
petual summer reigns; where there is every-
where and always spread a most bounteous
feast on naked rocks and under the sylvan
shades of a glorious glossy green, as well as

“* Deep in the wave is a coral grove

Where the purple mullet and gold fish rove,
Where the sea-flower spreads its leaves of blue
That are never wet with falling dew;

3ut in bright and changeful beauty shine
Far down in the green and glossy brine.

The floor is of sand like the mountain drift
And the pearl-shells spangle the flinty snow.’

EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.

Exchanges which are merely indirect offers
of articles for money will not be accepted.

We will not hold ourselves responsible for
any mistakes or disappointments occurring
because of bad faith on the part of any of our
exchangers

Terms which must be cash with order, are
as follows: Exchanges of 20 words including
address, 10 cents; for each additional 10
words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than Io cents.

OFFERED :—300 species Land, Fresh-water and
Marine Shells, ‘Pacific Coast and South-western.
WANTED :—Foreign shells and Southern Unios.

G. W. LICHTENTHALER, Bloomington, III.

14 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

WANTED :—To exchange shells from th rivers,
creeks, lakes and sloughs in the vicinity of the mouths
of the Missouri-and Illinois rivers.

Hon: WM. ADAMS, Alton, Ill.

OFFERED :—Liberal exchanges of Cape shells for
specimens of Marine and Fresh-water shells from all

parts of the world. >
MARY GLANVILLE, Grahamstown, So. Africa.

GOOD series of British shells wanted for a small
public museum; also many of the rare and local species
Limnea, peregra monst. sinistrorsum, etc., offered in
exchange by §. C. COCKERELL, 5 Priory road,

Chiswick, W., England.

OFFERED :—Acmeea patina, pelta, persona, Esch;
spectrum, scabra, Nutt.; Lottia gigantea, Gray ;
Gadinia radiata, Cpr.; Scurria mitra, Esch.; Fissurella
volcano, Rve.; Crepidula rugosa, Nutt.; Cerithidea
sacrata, Gld,; Calliostoma_ costatum, Mart.; Chlo-
rostoma funebrale, A. Ad.; brunneum, Phil. Littorina
planaxis, Nutt., scutulata, Gld.; Monoceros lapilloides,
Con.: Nassa fossata, Gld.; Olivella biplicata, Sby.;
Purpura saxicola, Val., canaliculata, Ducl.; Bittium
filosum, Gld., Ocinebra circumtexta, Stns.; Acanthop-
leura scabra, Rve.; Tellina Bodegensis, Hds ; Acmoea
asmi, Midd.; Machaera patula, Dixon; Macoma
nasuta, Con, G. W: MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal.

OFFERED :—British marine shells for Land and
Fresh-water shells. Specimens must be best of their
kind. Mr. MARSHALL, Sevenoaks, Torquay, Eng.

WANTED :—To correspond with colonial or foreign
collectors, with a view to the exchange of shells.
C.L.S., 8 Trinity St., Hastings, England.

Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca.

OFFERED :—California shells, plants radiates and
butterflies to exchange for the same.
Mrs. R. W. SUMMERS, San Luis Obispo, Cal.

WANTED :—Shells, sea-mosses, skulls and all kinds
of curiosities for my public museums, for Illinois shells,
zinc, ores, etc. SEEBACH, Peru, Ill.

WM. CASH, Elmfield Terrace, Halifax, England,
wants good shells from all parts of the world.
Offered—Natural History specimens in all branches,
and scientific books and apparatus.

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States
and Europe; 50 species of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of
Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates
rough and polished; Pyromorphite; Native Copper;
Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa and Australia.

Address W. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill, Philada.} Pa.

BOOK EXCHANGE.

OPEN TO ABL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME RATE AS
‘* EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.”’

OFFERED:—“ A Manual of Zoology,’’ by M.
Milne Edwards; ‘‘ A Manual of Blow-pipe Analysis,”
by Wm. Elderhurst, M. D.; ‘ Sulphurets,” how
concentrated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good
copy of ‘‘Woodward’s Manual of Mollusca’’ and
other works on Conchology.

G. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal.

WANTED :—‘Our Common British Fossils and
where to find them”’ in exchange for ‘* Lowe’s British
Grasses.” O. REES, 59 Sandbrook Road,

London, England.

OFFERED :—Journal of Conchology for 1883 and
1884 to exchange. What offers?
B. M, O., 7 Cavendish Terrace, Torquay, Eng.

WHAT offers for the ‘‘ Book of Days’’ by R.
Chambers. H. E.,Constable’s Tower, Dover, England.

OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca
’75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth
Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52
edtn.; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto-
dons, 10 plates; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi-
ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto-
gamia; Lea’s On a Fossil Saurian of the New Red
Sandstone Formt’n; Leidy’s Geol. sketch of Est. &
Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c. &c., pres’t copy ;
Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s
Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith n Mis. Col. Vol. 4,
Neuroptera, Vol. 6, Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out.

WANTED :—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio ;
Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of
Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter's works ;
Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Plates; or offers in works on
Conchology. W. D:. AVERELL,

Chestnut Hill, Phila.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

1. On Pyrgulopsis, a new genus of rissoid
mollusk, with descriptions of two new forms,
by R. Ellsworth Call and Harry A. Pilsbry.
2. Description of a new Hydrobia with notes
on other Rissoidze by Harry A. Pilsbry, from
H. A. Pilsbry, Davenport, Ia.

Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the
Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New
Jersey, by Prof. R. P. Whitfield, from Hon.
Alfred C. Harmer, M. C.

Geological Survey of Alabama, Bulletin No.
1, Preliminary Report on the Tertiary Fossils
of Alabama and Mississippi, by Truman H.
Aldrich, M. E., from the author.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 15

Catalogue of Pictou Academy, Pictou; N-
S., from Prof. A. H. MacKay, Pictou, N. Se

Catalogues of Public Museum, Milwaukee,
from Mr. Carl Doerflinger, Sec’y.

The National Educator, Allentown, Pa.,
for September and October.

The West American Scientist for September.

1. Melanopsis Fossil e viventi D’Italia;
2. Sopra alcune Scalarie terziarie, from Prof.
Dante Pantanelli, Modena, Italy.

1. List of the Fossils of the Upper Silurian
Formation of Gotland; 2. Om _ Gotlands
Nutida Mollusker, from Professor Gustaf
Lindstrom, Stockholm, Sweden.

NECROLOGY.

Mr. George R. Busk, English surgeon and
naturalist is dead; aged 78.

The death is reported of Dr. R. J. Mann,
for three years President of the English Me-
teorological Society.

Mr. Gerrard Kinahan the promising young
naturalist and explorer was killed May 23,
1886, at Anyappa, Africa, by a poisoned arrow
in the hands of a native.

Dr. Wakley, the well-known editor of the
* Lancet” died August 30th, 1886.

The distinguished chemist and author,

Professor M. Maclay has arrived at Odessa
from New, Guinea.

“Sandy” Trotter one of Edinburgh’s
famous teachers is dead.

The Faculty of Brown University are
seriously thinking of educating women.

Harvard University will celebrate its 250th
anniversary on the 6th, 7th and 8th of Novem-
ber.

M. Chevreul, the French centenarian and
scientist, published his first work in 1806 and
his latest in 1806.

Miss Ada J. Todd of the Bridgeport High
School received the degree of Ph. D. from
the Boston University in June last.

Dr. Yates of Santa Barbara, Cal., who has
been suffering for some time with a disabled
hand is now convalescent.

Professor Faxon, late instructor in Natural
Science at Harvard has resigned, and Dr.
Ayers will take his class in Zoology and
Biology.

Mr. Wm. Landborough the late Australian
explorer while in search of Burke and Wills
traversed the continent from the Gulf of Car-
pentaria to Melbourne.

Dr. B. A. Gould, Director of the National
Observatory of Cordova in the Argentine
Republic, was recently elected a corresponding
member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.

Maurice Thompson will deliver a course of
lectures on scientific subjects at Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, this winter. These
lectures will probably be repeated at other
colleges in the South and West,

Professor John Dickinson, a brother of Miss
Anna Dickinson the lecturer, and of Miss
Susan Dickinson the authoress, has accepted
the chair of Geology and Mineralogy and
Curator of the Museum in the University of
Southern California at Los Angeles.

Professor John Holzinger of Winona, Minn.
reports an awakening interest in the study of
Conchology among the pupils of his class of
48. We are pleased to note this and hope
that many more instructors will kindly report
progress to “The Conchologists’ Exchange.”’

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= : — = —.,

A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO-
GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS.

WY Mid UD.) A MESES TL,
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.

Printed by Joun: C. CLarkK & Sons, ‘Stationers and
Printers, 228 and 230 Dock ‘Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia: a-
ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the 2oth
of each month.

TERMS:
Subscription per Year, - - - - = Cents,
To Foreign Countries, -
Single Copies, 3 Cents ache

CLUB RATES:
3 Copies One Year, = = 0 60
5 “6 e tae .go
be) Sore NS 56 te 1.65
20 ce “cc ““c ate 3,00

Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank
Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip-
tions and correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,

Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

SONGS Rates given on application.

EDITORIAL.

We are not given to self-adulation but we
think that ‘‘ The Conchologists’ Exchange is
needed by collectors and that it has accom-
plished much good in its short life. The pro-
gress already made we hope to see continued,
but it can only be done by the hearty co-opera-
tion of our friends. We wish to largely in-
crease our subscription list so that our little
paper will be of more use to you and thus

CHESTNUT ine PHILADELPHIA, PA, NOVEMBER, 18857

No.

prove a greater source of satisfaction to us,
To reach this desirable end we wish each sub-
scriber and reader to kindly become a solicitor,
simply to the extent of placing the paper where
it will do the most good and saying a kind
word for it as occasion offers. It is our desire
that each number shall be an improvement
upon its predecessor; but as we said before
this can only be done by your co-operation.
We will be especially thankful for any notes
of new discoveries in the malacological field,

| and we will strive to give all a proper hearing

and the fullest credit for their findings It is
inevitable that new discoveries will continue
to be made in our chosen field of research

| from now until the end of time, as vast areas

have yet to be fully explored and their treas-
ures described; and, again numerous species
are rapidly becoming extinct, while others are
scarcely known or have never had the light of
discovery cast upon them. We trust our young
readers will comfort themselves with the fact
that the rewards of Fame are not entirely for
the savant, as history teaches us that she has
benisons in store for her youthful sons as well.
There is much in the present number to
interest the young and we especially invite
them to correspond with us. Valuable articles
have been contributed to this number by Mr.
C. F. Ancey of Marseilles, France, Mr. H.
A. Pilsbry of Davenport, lowa, and Mr! John
Ford of Philadelphia; and wa hope to add
from time to time such new féatures as will
claim your kind attention and merit your
hearty support.

Beginning with the number for January 1887,
we propose to increase the subscription price
of «The Conchologists’ Exchange” and we
would suggest therefore that. our friends who
have not subscribed will take advantage of the
present nominal rate and do so without delay.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

Diagnoses of a few subgenera in Helicide.

3y C.F. Ancey, MARSEILLES, FRANCE.

I, Pristina, Anc. (nov. subg. Hyalinz),
«Testa parvula, imperforata, cornea, nitens,
“‘ multispirata; spira depresse conica. Aper-
“‘tura interdum lamellis radiantibus subserratis
‘‘in palato sitis insignis.”

Geog. distribution: Western
North America.

Types: “yalina Stearns?, Bland, and Lan-
simgi, Bland.

Mr. W.G. Binney put these species, but
with doubt, in Microphysze, while other au-
thors consider them as Hyalinze; they differ
from the latter by anatomic features, and from
the former by the form of the shell. Altogether
I am inclined to place the group in Hyaline,
as a series nearly allied to Conulopolita,
Boettger (type: C. Raddez, Boettg.) I am
confident the presence or absence of internal
laminve or tooth-like processes within the aper-
ature of Helices are not generic characters ;
in some instances they are either present or
absent in closely allied species. I established
this fact when at work (Le Naturaliste, 1882)
on the New Caledonian forms, and I now re-
peat this my opinion in regard to Pristina, and
Gastrodonta. In the latter the teeth are fre-
quently absorbed by the animal, when growing
larger.

and Arctic

II. Ccelospira, Anc. (nov. subg. Helicis),
Testa solidula, supra concava, late et per-
““spectiva umbilicata, discoidea; spiree anfrac-
“tus pauci (414), sed regulariter crescentes,
“ultimus maximus, inflatus, altus, longe ad
“ apertum fere horizontalem descendens, trans-
“verse zonatus. Apertura intusbituberculata,
**externe biscrobiculata. Peristoma expansum
«basi reflexiusculum.”’

Geog. distribution: Atlantic coast of Cen-
tral America, (Chiriqui Lagoon, Costa Rica).
Type: “Zelix Mac-Neth, Crosse. This shell
bears some external resemblance to Cepolis,
(Helix cepa) Montf. on account of the colour
and the tubercles of the aperture, but it is

widely umbilicate, has a concave (not a con-
vex) spire, and strongly deflected body- whorl.
It is perhaps more nearly adlied to Sys¢rophia,
a South American group, and particularly to

the following section. .

III. Angrandiella, Anc. (nov. subg. He-
licis). ‘Testa cornea, brunneo-zonata, de-
“‘ pressa, aperte umbilicata; anfractus sat reg-
‘“‘ulariter crescentes; spira parum elevata, ad
“summum depressa. Apertura extus basi
“scrobiculata, intus unidentata, obliqua.”’

Geog. distribution: Andes of Peru. Type:
Helix Angranat, Morelet.

IV, Peecilostola, Anc (nov.subg. Helicis).
“Testa tenuiuscula, globose depressa, imper-
“forata, luteo-variegata, brunneo. Spira con-
“‘vexa, obtusa; anfractus pauci, rapide cres-

““centes, ultimus maximus, inflatus. Apertura
“transverse oblonga, emarginata, obliqua.
“Peristoma alba-incrassatum, tenuiter re-

“ flexum, haud continuum.”

Geog. distribution: Andes of Peru.
Flelix Farrisi, Pfeiffer:

Type:

Notes on some New Orleans Fresh-Water Shells.

3x H. A. Pirspry, DAVENPORT, Iowa.

Numerous specimens of Physa collected at
New Orleans agree perfectly with the descrip-
tions and figures of the Physa solida Phil., de-
scribed from that locality, but show conclusive-
ly that that species is synonomous. with heéer-
ostropha, Say. The solidity, inflated form, etc.
adduced as specific characters may be paralleled
in any large suite of Eastern P. heterostropha.
It is often elongated, resembling the form
known as fomzlia Con.

I have received from several collectors
specimens from New Orleans labelled “ seg-
mentina Wheatleyi, Lea.’ The real Wheat-
leyt is not, so far as I know, found at this
locality—these shells being referable to the
species described by Binney, Tryon and others
as Planorbts havanensis Pfr.,—and placed in

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 2

the typical sections of Planorbis. The species
is really a Segweend¢ina, but quite distinct from
the familiar ermigera and from Wheatleyi.*

Among other species collected by the writer
in 1885 are several bleached Helicinas, fairly
resembling A. hanleyana, Pfr. as figured by
Binney. They are probably identical with
orbiculata, Say, but better material is needed
to settle the question. I shall be glad to re-
ceive information in regard to this form from
collectors who may have met with it.

Vide. Proc. Davenport Acad. Sciences, Vol. V. p. 43.

A DAY AMONG THE MOLLUSKS.

By Joun Forp, PHILADEPHIA.

On the western border of Narragansett Bay,
some twenty miles below the city of Provi-
dence, R. I, there is a small body of water
known as Greenwich Bay which might be
safely termed the paradise of mollusks.

Rocky, muddy and sandy bottoms alternate,
while over them all ebbs and flows a tide so
pure and crystalline in character that the
smallest objects may be readily seen at depths
of several feet.

Plentifully scattered over these submerged
areas are various species of mollusks, includ-
ing Pectens, Arcas, Fulgurs, Anomias, Car-
diums, Littorinas, Crepidulas, and others of
equal interest. Most abundant of all, how-
ever, are the edible scallops, Pecten irradians,
Linn. These are innumerable; hundreds of
bushels of them being gathered daily for the
benefit of epicures in New York and other
cities. Only the contracting muscle is retained
but it alone makes a morsel half as large as a
man’s thumb. — Fried in batter, like oysters, a
dozen or two of these constitute a dish that
may be eaten with pleasure, as the writer has
good reason to know.

Here flourishes, also, the “‘red blood qua-
haug,” Arca pexata, Say, one of the few if not
the only species of mollusks whose blood con-
tains corpuscles closely allied to those found in

man; a-fact that was recently demonstrated by |

the eminent biologist, Prof. John A. Ryder.
This species is of southern origin, their presence

in Northern waters being due probably to human
agency; the eggs or very young having been
carried north with oyster plants taken from
southern waters for the purpose of bedding.

Arca pexata and adult specimens of P.
trradians are chiefly found in from one to two
fathoms of water, though the young or first
season’s growth of the latter abound in the
shallow places near the shore. Here they
may be seen on sunny days with their valves
open and the eyes fringing their mantle-edges
glistening like so many rubies. They have
been well termed “ Butterflies of the Ocean”
as the slighest disturbance will often cause
them to dart away with a sudden erratic move-
ment precisely similar in character to that of
their namesakes.

Littorina litiorea, Linn, inhabit the rocky
boulders that here and there line the shore,
while attached to pebbles and other objects,
may be seen large numbers of ‘Saddle Oys-
ters” Anomia epphippium, Linn, many of
which are quite lustrous and of symmetrical
form. Cardium Mortoni, Con. are not so
plentiful, but careful search among the slightly
submerged Algze is sure to reveal some hand-
some specimens. As suggested, many other
smaller species may be secured as a reward for
a few hours spent in the search.

Greenwich station on the line from Stoning-
ton to Providence is within a stone’s throw of
the bay, and I can safely assure the student
that a visit there, when the tide is out, will be
remembered as one of the happiest of his life;
especially if accompanied by my good friend,
Mr. Horace F. Carpenter, author of the “ Shell-
Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island’’, whose
ability to find and capture minute species is a
standing wonder to all less practical observers.

NEW LOCALITIES.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—You
can publish under “ New Localities,” C7zzo
farvus, Barnes found at Shipp’s Lake, Bastrop
Co , and Colorado River, Austin, Texas; and
Unio gracilis, Barnes found in Colorado River,
Austin, Texas. I have nowhere seen these
species published as occurring in those locali-
ties, Parvus is I think new.to the State.

J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex

and Cape May, N. J.in May 1886. ‘This shell
is not recorded as having been found north of
South Carolina before.

NECROLOGY.

M. Bonley, President of the French
Academy of Sciences, died November 20,
1886,

M. Rabuteau for twenty years a member of
the French Biological Society is deceased.

Captain Mangin, the inventor of the system
of Optical Telegraphy now in use in the French
Army, is dead of appoplexy at the age of 45.

Dr. Thomas Andrews, F. R. S., the well-
known Professor of Chemistry in Queen’s
College, Belfast, is reported as deceased at the
advanced age of 71.

EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.

Exchanges which are merely indirect offers
of articles for money will not be accepted.

We will not hold ourselves responsible for
any mistakes or disappointments occurring
because of bad faith on the part of any of our
exchangers

OFFERED—Goniobasis, comalensis, pleurostriatus ;
Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber-
landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli-
mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop-
sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells.

H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, lowa.

WANTED :—To exchange shells from the rivers,
creeks, lakes and sloughs in the vicinity of the mouths
of the Missouri and Illinois rivers.

Hon. WM. McADAMS, Alton, Ills.

FLORIDA shells, Land and Marine, for exchange.
M. A. Mitchell, Waldo, Fla.

var. albina, Gobantzi and others.
WANTED :—North American Land shells.
ALEX. VON TIESENHAUSEN,
Bozen, Tyrol, Austria.

WANTED :—Batches of Helices nemoralis and hor-
tensis alive or dead.
OFFERED :—Unio Margaritifer and others.
B- HUDSON, M,C. 5S.
5 Westbourne Grove, Coatham, Redcar, England.

FOR EXCHANGE :—Rare land shells from Cey-
lon; also new species of Bulimus from Mt. Roraima.
Offers solicited. Miss LINTER,

Arragon Close, Twickenham, England.

OFFERED :—Unio Margaritifer, By. tentaculata,
P. complanatus, H. nemoralis, hortensis and erice-
torum.

WANTED :—U. pictorum, L. auricularia, H. reve-
lata, pisana, obvoluta, B. montanus, C. Rolphii, bipli-
cata, Cy. elegans and others.

T. A. LOFTHOUSE,
67 Grange Road, Middlesboro, Eng.

WANTED :—Correspondents for the purpose of
exchanging Land and Marine shells of any. province.
Over 150 West Coast species offered for anything new
to me. HARRY E. DORE,

r22 Front St., Portland, On.

NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh-
water and Marine shells to exchange tor American Land
and Fresh-water shells. GUE. ANGEY,
Marseilles, France.

OFFERED :—British marine shells for Land and
Fresh-water shells. Specimens must be best of their
kind. Mr. MARSHALL, Sevenoaks, Torquay, Eng,

WANTED :—To correspond with colonial or foreign
collectors, with a view to the exchange of shells
C.L.S., 8 Trinity St., Hastings, England.

Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca.

A fine lot of Fossil Ferns from Mazon Creek,
Grundy Co., Ills., properly named, to exchange for
Marine shells from the Southern Seas.

J. E. CARR, Morris, Ills.

TERTIARY fossils from Italy and other European
States to exchange for American Land and Fresh-water
shells. Dr. FRANCESCO COPPI, Modena, Italy.

WANTED :—Pritish and Foreign shells.
OFFERED :—Good Foreign stamps.
THOS. W. READER,
171 Hemingford Road, London, N.

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States
and Europe ; sospecies of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of
Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates
rough and polished: Pyromorphite ; Native Copper;
Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Addresss W. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCH ANGE.

to
Ww

BOOK EXCHANGE.

TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT’ THE SAME RATE AS
** EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.

OPEN

OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca

75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth
tobe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52
edtn; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto-
dons, 10 plates ; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi-
ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin’ Botany, Crypto-
gamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red
Sandstone Formt’n; Leidy’s Geol. sketch of Fst. &
Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c. &c., pres’t copy :
Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s

Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, |

Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out.
WANTED: First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio;
Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of
Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells ; ; Carpenter’s works ;
Tryon’ s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Pilates: for offers in works on
Conchology. W.D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill, Phila.

IMPORTANT! !

By devoting part of your leisure time to
forming ‘*Clubs’’ of subscribers to ‘The

4 7
Conchologists’ Exchange,”’ you can secure for
yourself the following advantages :—

OFFER No. 1.—g0 cents in cash and the
names of five subscribers, will secure to you a
free subscription to the ‘Exchange,’ and
shells to the value of 50 cents from a SPECIAL
LIST OF MOLLUSCA which will be sent
on application.

OFFER No. 2. ia Gan in eae and names
of ten subscribers, will secure you a free sub-
scription and $1.00 worth of shells.

OFFER No. 3.—$3 in cash and twenty
names will secure you a free subscription and
$2 00 worth of shells. These shells will be
post-paid in all cases.

We propose to hold these “offers” open
until January 15th, 1887, and we hope they
will have the effect intended, i. e. a renewed
interest in the study of Conchelogy:

Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of Ence

List of Moises Ne, 3.

by purchasers in all cases.

sold under same conditions.
Terms:—Cash with order.

Express charges to be borne

Note:—A discount of 10 per cent. payable in shells at List
prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accom-

panied with the “cash. i

Mollusca, No. 2,’

This discount applies to “Price List of
’ and all subsequent Lists until further notice.

UNIVALVES Melania Triton
Rittiam amatula, Lam\..c00./ 1/44. aa mubeGulay same 4... s..0c.0.2006 15 to 30
PU OSU ye soc venus oaesaseocte ovens ~-< 5, 10 Monoceres BIVALVES
Cerithium Wp lapilloides;sComtesecare-ener te 10, 15 Machera
Cibmmum, Shy... ...s.s.soeceoses-0- 105 15) | Neritina Patilay DION. teececseescecetcesss 20, 25
Olina Dyes tes tece anes enee snes 15 {naar gs rahe Macoma
Cerithidea Gece eater arogn verses aot acaues Osi Dill CONS DICHA OD Veco eseesec essere 10, 15
petits re Neritopsis nasuta, Con..... Sasecse ero 2O
2 GGA ot Paid saul £Ts esd. bt Ne Peek, roitoj2o) guquinata, Desh.......2...----200 15, 20
Tito: Sd aa | Paludina |, Mytilus
neritoidea , (CHEM id 55... seep ences PSeON aie yas biede Mise ol eS poles Californianus, Gone cots. cccane 20, 40
Drillia | Pisahia SN WMA atts) SAY..«ocs-ne- pence =sleeee=s IO, 15
IBaxclayensis mA . (Ad) 22,222.22. 10, 15 | eee aoe SUS Aye Rap tk eS S3te
Ralina I) UMGOSUMS IG. seecescctsesd occa ee nee 20 to 35 | bifurcatus, Rve.................000 15, 20
: Pleurotoma Tapes
Eorbuosa’, Woalm st ce ds2..ehets2. <2 15, 20) Staimiineas | COM. ccecscecneresse=-bar 20,25
. | cincta, Lam 0 ,
Lunatia | abbreviata, Lam nee Tellina
Mewisitt. Gldtis a vctewtites $2. 25, 35 Clavius javier tetstaenscedessee daca: 10 Bodegensis, Hidsis:s..2..00.d. 4.00 20, 30

24 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

KIE-NER.
10 Volumes of Kiener’s “fconographie des Coquilles

Vivantes ” with plates, for sale.

Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.; uncut; new; Paris. Bound in 10 volumes as
follows: Genre Cone. Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius. Rocher, (Murex) Triton,
Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle. Coiumbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra).
Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau. Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire. Rostellaire, Ptero-
cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cypreea), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire. Cassidaire,
Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre. Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium),
Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque.

Price for 10 Volumes, $190.

This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time.

Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology and
Manual of Conchology.
Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application.

SPECIAL NOTICE:—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of
Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5 00, post,paid. Issued new at $S8oo.

Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca,
642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus. London, 1880 edition, Price $2.60, post-paid.

Price-List. of Mollusca.

Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application, Stock carefully
selected, named and located

WM. DU UAVERELDE, Chestnut till, Philadelphway ia:

Che Conchologists

A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO-
GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS.

Wht it) AVERELTL,.
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.

Printed by Joun C. CrarkK & Sons, Stationers and
Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia-
ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

TERMS:
Subscription per Year, - - - -
To Foreign Countries, - - - . 3
Single Copies, 3 Cents Each.

CLUB RATES:

3 Copies One Year, - - = §¢ .60
5 “e “ec «e yi wc? i eye)
Io iz? ce ce = 3 . 1.65
20 ee ee ce = te 3 foto}

Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank
Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip-
tions and correspondence to
WM. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

Advertising Rates given on application.

EDITORIAL.

Science was called away from her busy re-
searches on the 8th of December, 1886, to
mourn the death of one of her noblest and
most conscientious workers. We refer to Isaac
easrisies Dxt of Philadelphia, the eminent
conchologist, whose demise, at the ripe age
of ninety-five, has been a source of mourning
to all scientists and the general public. This
nation was in its infancy when Isaac Lea first

CHESTNUD ILE, PHILADELPHIA. PAL? DE

Frchange.

CEMBER, 1886. No. 6.

saw the light of day and he has lived to see
the Government on a solid basis and the
country in general benefitted by his life and
labors. Mr. Lea was born in Wilmington,
Delaware, March 4th, 1792. His ancestors,
John and Hannah Lea, came with William
Penn from England and were noted as minis-
ters in the Society of Friends. His father,
James Lea, intended Isaac for the medical
profession, but meeting the late Professor
Vanuxem, then a youthful and very ardent
scientist, the whole course of young Lea’s
life was changed, and together they collected
minerals and visited the newly-opened coal
mines near Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Mr. Lea became an active member of the
Academy of Natural Sciences in 1815, and
contributed his collection to it. His first pa-
per, ‘“‘An Account of the Minerals at present
known to exist in the vicinity of Philadelphia,”
was published in the Journal of the Academy
in 1817. Jt was not until 1827, when the
deepening of the channel of the Ohio River,
and the sending of many species of shells of
the Genus Unio to the Academy, gave rise to
those investigations which resulted in the
publication of his ‘Observations of the Genus
Unio,” which we regard as the crowning

triumph of his long and useful life. Mr. Lea
visited Europe in 1832. In 1833 he pub-
lished ‘‘Contributions to Geology.’”? His sec-

ond visit to Europe was made in 1852, and
on his return he published ‘On a Fossil Sau-
rian of the New Red Sandstone Formation of
Pennsylvania. He read in all one hundred
and fifty-seven papers before learned societies
and was honored by degrees and honorary
memberships from no less than twenty-five of
the most prominent Universities and scientific
associations of the world. What more can
we add except that Isaac Lea helped us ex-
ceedingly well, and by his noble work on the

26 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

Unionidz straightened what, but for him,
would be a very crooked path. He has well
earned his rest.

We regret that “* Random Notes on Natural
History,” has been discontinued with the
number for December, and sincerely trust
that some arrangement may be made whereby
it shall again make its appearance. No good
can come from the stoppage of so useful a
journal, but much harm to the young whose
minds must be directed to scientific reading as
one of the cures for the harmful and trashy
literature of the day. Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s
interesting series of articles on the ‘Shell
Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” is tem-
porarily stopped by the discontinuance of this
valuable publication.

Whoever secures the rare and valuable
work by Kiener, published in another col-
umn, will have a masterpiece of art in descrip-
tive Conchology. Although the text is in
French, the plates, of which there are several
hundred, are strikingly natural and not too
highly colored as is often the case with works
of this character. The attention of Universi-
ties and Scientific Societies is respectfully
solicited.

By request we extend the time for making
up “Clubs”? at the former subscription price,
until February 15th, 1887. Beginning with
February number the price of subscription to
«The Conchologists’ Exchange”? will be 35
cents per annum; to foreign countries, 50
cents. This arrangement will continue until
the commencement of Volume II.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—In the
last issue of the Exchange, I note that Mr.
Ancey has established a new group, Pristina
forthe western Helices Zonztes lansing7, Bld.
_Zonites stearnst, Bld. It has long been my
opinion that these species cannot be included
in either Zonites (including Conzlus and
Gastrodonta) or Microphysa , which should be
regarded as a synonym of Hyalina as Dall has
shown. lIagree with Mr. Ancey in separating
them as a distinct group near Zonites, charac-

terized by the combination of aculeate marginal
teeth with ribbed jaw and conulus-like shell.
Unfortunately the proposed name F/rstina is
preoccupied (in Vermes, 1831), and I suggest
that the group be called Axceyza in honor of
the eminent conchologist C. F. Ancey. Of
the other names proposed, Ce/ospira has been
used by Hall in Brachiopoda, and Pecilostola
is thrice preoccupied, having been used in a
generic sense in Diptera, Hemiptera ana Col-
eoptera Students of our land shells would do
well to carefully weigh a very suggestive
paragraph by Dall regarding the status of the
numerous subgenera of Helix, in Proc. Nat.
Mus. 1885, p. 267 and 271, in this connection.
Harry A. Pilsbry.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Refer-
ring to your “* Answer to Correspondents ”’ in
No. 3 replying to Amateur about /elécina
subtropica, you say it is not described in
Binney’s L. and F. W. shells. I am probably
the one who is responsible for sending out this
species. Prof. R. E. Call says ‘The name
sub-tropica has long since been dropped as
being synonymous with /Yedtcina orbiculata.
So it appears that sab-tropica was the original
name. J. A. Singley, Giddings, Texas. ‘

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—In
regard to Unzo Liediz, | would say that I find
them in rather shallow water, on gravelly and
pebbly bottoms, where the waves are constantly
washing over them, which must necessarily
decorticate or erode the shells more or less.
Such I find is the case with the half dozen or
more species of Unionidze found in the same
situation. The best time to secure them is
after a heavy west wind which causes the
waters of the lake (Erie), to recede so that
they are left bare on the beach.

Jerome Trombley, Petersburgh, Mich.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange,

Sir:—I am sorry to hear that the publication
of Random Notes on Natural History ends
with the present (December) number. Though
small in size it was one of the best magazines
of the kind in the country. By its ‘untimely
taking off”? several valuable contributions to
science that have been running in it for years
will remain unfinished for the present at least.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

Among these is the “ Shell-bearing Mollusca
of Rhode Island,” a work of great merit by
Mr. Horace F. Carpenter of Providence, a
gentleman whose superior powers of observa-
tion have been clearly shown in the chapters
already published. Mr. Carpenter should
complete the work and issue it in book form.

John Ford.

NEW LOCALITIES.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Your
request for notes on shells during my collecting
tour induces me to say that in dredging for
Unionide in the St. John’s River nearly west
of this place I found Alyiclopsis leucopheta
Con. This little bivalve belonging to the sea
or to brackish waters was here found about
two hundred miles from the mouth of the
river and in water entirely fresh. It was at-
tached by its byssus to various Unios The
Unios collected were Uxio anthonyi, Lea,
jayanus, Lea, monroenstis, Lea, coruscus, Gld.,
buddianus, Lea, lepidus, Gld., akeneus, Lea;
buckleyi, Lea, Anodonta gibbosa, Say, and
couperiana, Lea. S. Hart Wright, Lake
Helen, Fla. December 6th, 1886.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Your
favor is at hand. Since writing to you before
I have found Unio fuscatus, \.ea, in Lake
Dias, and Unto paludicolus, Gould, in Lake
Ashby, where it is over one hundred miles
north of the Everglades, the original station.
You might add these to the list formerly sent.

S. Hart Wright, Lake Helen, Fla.,
December, 21Ist., 1886.

STRIE.

At the annual meeting of the members of
the Academy of Natural Sciences. Dec. 28th,
1886, the following officers were elected:
President, Joseph Leidy; Vice-Presidents,
Thomas Meehan, Rev. Dr. Henry McCook;
Recording Secretary, Edward J. Nolan ; Cor-
responding Secretary, George H. Horn;
Treasurer, William C. Henszey; Librarian,
Edward J. Nolan; Curators, Joseph Leidy,
Jacob Binder, W S. W. Rushenberger, An-
'gelo Heilprin; Councilors, George Y. Shoe-
maker, Aubrey H. Smith, George A. Koenig,

|
|
|

George A. Rex; Finance Committee, [saac
C. Martindale, Aubrey H. Smith, S. Fisher

| Corlies, George Y. Shoemaker, William W.

Jeffries.

It is not generally known that Prof. R. B.
Minton, of Carlinville, Ill.. has presented to
Blackburn University a fine observatory con-
taining one of the best telescopes in the State.
He has been Professor of Mathematics there
for twenty-five years.

Professor Francis Kendall, of Crete, Neb.,
was one of the passengers on the ill-fated
Baltimore and Ohio train which met with the
terrible accident near Tiffin, Ohio. The Pro-
fessor escaped injury and was one of the fore-
most in helping the injured.

Ernst Plotz, the noted German collector of
butterflies, made an illustrated catalogue of his
specimens with his own brush and_ pencil.
When he died he had completed ten volumes
containing over 10,000 pictures.

Dr. Alfred R. Wallace, the noted British

| naturalist has been delivering a course of

lectures in Philadelphia, Boston and other
cities.

Ex-President Noah Porter, of Yale, received
the degree of LL. D. from the University of
Edinburgh on his recent visit there.

Professor Joseph Leidy was elected an hon-
orary member of the American Society of
Naturalists at their late annual meeting in
Philadelphia.

The late Hon. Eli K. Price, of Philadel-
phia, the eminent lawyer, found time to be an
active and valuable member of various scien-
tific and literary societies.

Dr. S. Hart Wright is making numerous
conchological discoveries in Florida, as his
letters in another column will show.

Mr. C. T. Simpson, of Ogalalla, Neb., has
just finished a catalogue of the Mollusca of
Florida and adjacent keys.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

NECROLOGY.

Tsaac Lea, LL. D. author of ‘* Observations
of the Genus Unio,”’ “Contributions to Geol-
ogy’’ and numerous other scientific publica-
tions, died at his residence, 1622 Locust Street,
Philadelphia, at ro A. M., December 8, 1886,
after a short illness complicated by weaknesses
natural to old age. Mr. Lea was born March
4th, 1792, in Wilmington, Del. He was the
President of “The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia” from 1853 to 1858, and also
Vice-President of ‘*‘ The American Philosophi-
cal Society’”’ for several years. His body rests
in Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.

Prof. H. H. Straight, biologist and formerly
principal of the State Normal School at Normal,
Ills., died at Pasadena, Cal., November 19,
1886.

Kendrick Stillman Smith, Oologist, nat at
Bellville, Ills., January 24, 1860, died in San
Diego, Cal., November 6, 1886

Professor J. N. Madvig, the great Danish
scholar is reported dead at the age of 82.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Catalogues of Fossils, Shells and Minerals
in Dr..L. G. Gates’ collection, Santa Barbara,
Cal.

Bulletins of the Anenichn Museum of Natural
History, Central Park, N. Y.; Vol. 1, Nos 1
to 7, from A. Woodward, Librarian.

Elephant Pipes and Inscribed Tablets in the
Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Davenport, Ia., by Chas. E. Putnam, Prest.,
from ESEAY: Pilsbry.

EXCHANGES’ ay MOLLUSCA.

Exchanges which are ‘merely indirect offers
of articles for money will not be accepted.

We will not hold ourselves responsible for
any mistake or disappointments occurring
because of bad faith on the part of any of our
exchangers.

| Wood, Lepidopleurus Cooperi,

Con ;

OFFERED—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus ;
Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber-
landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli-
mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop-
sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells.

H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa.

OFFERED :—Trivia Californica, Gray : Crepidula
navacelloides, Nutt., adunca, Sby. Mopalia muscora,
Gld., Stenoradsia magdalensis, Rve., Vonicella lineata,
Cpr. Trachydermon
pseudodentiens, Cpr. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach,
rufescens, Swains; Mytilus Californianus, Con.; Pach-
ydesma crassatelloides, Con.; ‘Tapes staminea, Con.;
Schizotheurus Nuttallii, Con.: Saxodomus Nuttallii,
Zirpheea crispata, L. Helix Vraskii, Nwe ;
Physa poltissin, Tryon ; for wants in Mollusca.

GEO. W. MICHAEL, JR. Morro Bay, Cal.

FOR EXCHANGE :—Rare land shells from Cey-
lon; also new species of Bulimus from Mt. Roraima,
Offers solicited. Miss LINTER,

Arragon Close, Twickenham, England

OFFERED :—Land and Fresh-water shells of New
York for those of other states and countries
ALBERT BAILEY, Chepachet, N. Y.

WANTED a sComespondeae for the purpose of
exchanging Land and Marine shells of any province.
Over 150 West Coast species offered for anything new
to me. HARRY E. DORE,

122 Front St., Portland, On.

NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh-

| waterand Marine shells to exchange tor American Land

C. F. ANCEY,
BEMIS Trance.

and Fresh-water shells.

iizeellaneous Exchanges for Mollusca.

OFFERED :—Florida. Moss, Woods, Palmetto,
alligator teeth, wild boar tusks, etc., for foreign shells,
curios, etc. Car SULZNER, Palatka, Fla.

OFFERED: 500 Indian arrow heads for sea shells.
Only fine ones desired. CASPER LOUCKS,
Vork= Pas

WANTED :—Shells, F pate &c., in exchange for
botanical specimens, minerals, fossils, books, &c. Lists
free. JAMES GALEN, Rawlinsville, Penna.

WANTED :—Emu and Cassowary eggs in exchange
for named shells. EDW. FERGUSON,
138 Wilson St., Brocklyn, N Y.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 29

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States
and Europe ; sospecies of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of
Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates
rough and polished : Pyromorphite ; Native Copper;
Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Address W. D. AVERELL,

Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa.

BOOK EXCHANGE.

@PEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME
“*ENCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.”’

RATE AS

OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca

75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth
eine: N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52
edtn; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto-
dons, ro plates; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi-
ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto-
gamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red
Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora,
so plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol.
6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out.

WANTED: First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio;

Say’s American Conchology ; Goulds Invertebrata of

Mass; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter’s works ;
‘Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Pilates; for offers in works on
Conchology. W.D. AVERELL,

Chestnut Hill, Phila.

OFFERED :—“* A Manual
Milne Edwards; ‘‘ A Manual of Blow-pipe Analysis,’’
by Wm _ Elderhurst, M.D; ‘ Sulphurets,’” how
concentrated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good
copy of ‘‘Woodwards Manual of Mollusca’’ and
other works on Conchology.

G. Me MICHAEL, aS,

of Zoology,’’ by M.

Morro, Cal.

WANTED: _tTry on, American Marine ee :
colored edition. Offered— Sowerby, Venerida; Knorr,
Hoorns en Schulzen. M. M.SCHEPMAN,

BOER: near Rotterdam, Hol and.

IMPORTANT!

By devoting part of your leisure time to
forming ‘*Clubs’’ of subscribers to ‘The
Conchologists’ Exchange,” you can secure for
yourself the following advantages :—

OFFER No. 1.—go cents in cash and the
names of five subscribers, will secure to you a
free subscription to the ‘‘ Exchange,’’ and
shells to the value of 50 cents from our PRICE
LISTS OF MOLLUSCA which will be sent
on application.

OFFER No. 2.—$1.65 in cash and names
of ten subscribers, will secure you a free sub-
scription and $1.00 worth of shells.

OFFER No. 3.—S3 in cash and twenty
names will secure you a free subscription and
$2 00 worth of shells. These shells will be
post-paid in all cases.

By request we hold these liberal offers open
until February 15th, 1887, by which time we
hope those raising Clubs will have completed
their Jists and secured the fine shells in re-
serve for ee

THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST.

This journal, established in 1844, begins a new volume as a 24-page

illustrated monthly magazine of

FPOrPuULvrAR: SCIiBPNCE:

A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper

and Lower California.
year, Io cents a copy.

Eminent Scientists are contributors.
Agents wanted.

Price $1.00 a
Cork. ORCUTT, Zaior,
San Diego, Cal.

Send eee 6 cents for a four months’ trial subscription.

30 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE

TC 1 EV NCES

10 Volumes of Kiener’s “Iconographie des Coquilles

Vivantes ” with plates, for sale.

Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.; uncut; new; Paris. Bound in 10 volumes as
follows: Genre Cone. Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius. Rocher, (Murex) Triton,
Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle. Cojumbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra).
Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau. Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire. Rostellaire, Ptero-
cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cyprza), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire. Cassidaire,
Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre. Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium),
Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque.

Price for 10 Volumes, $190.

This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time

Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology and
Manual of Conchology.

Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application.
SPECIAL NOTICE:—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of
Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5.00, post.paid. Issued new at $S8oo.

Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca,
642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus. London, 1880 edition, Price $2.60, post-paid.

Price-List of Mollusca.

Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application, Stock carefully
selected, named and located

WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 31

Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of

Conchologists’ Exchange No. 5.

Terms:—Cash with ordér.

by purchasers in all cases.

Express charges to be borne

Notre:—A discount of 10 per cent. payable in shells at List

prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accom-

panied with the “cash.”

This discount applies to. “Price List of

Mollusca, No. 2,” and all subsequent Lists until further notice.

UNIVALVES

Aplysia

virescens, RiSSO.......:..--.eses0. 0
Amphipeplea

elutinosas Mtl cc Acc-ecaste-<ce 10,
Carinifex

INeWiberNyills CA ...cceuvens cvcwesns oy
Cerithium

BUDESEIS EM eee cvccecs-.vecceccess 10,
Chiton

fas cicularistel peccvscccssssixn+seses 10
Chondrus

quatridens, Mull. var. minor, 3,
Fluminicola

MANETS a eAueaeaerenscccccauccesoves 3)

Nuttalliana, Lea. 5

SEMIMMAlISHN EUGSe.cecet cn usutelsceecs 5
Gibbuia

el nia picampenilerenvascccrsneser cers Ee

ERICH ATG DAY Usectceceasteccasscec 55

MEGSSOMM Nayar aveasiersedteerees 10,

Ranilimeata IMichi.s...cccecvosesss Io
Goniobasis

WD ray EGNie WlCascecsss-seccescce ses By

occata, Hds.. .10

MASEACNSIS. Waedesscaccascoesesces Sp
Haminea

mresromlas idiots eos kek 15,

ro |

unr

Helisoma
OCCidentaliss Cpr. .scssecesesasee! 155) LO
Limnophysa
ClOGES Sayin eeneres-cosscnssemennce ah 1G
GeSidiosa wis ave-.sccosseccs womens 5
bulimoicdes, Leazs...cc...ceoscsesoet 5
Littorina
ScutulatannGldecstecscousctoscsseres 35
Melampus
Olivalcevsan @piseensc-saeese<caseses 5
Monodonta
Peltareninicn Jeanie rsesseneisrore eee 15, 20
Neritina
Wplvexnaallas sills OUleesesse eect seo 5
Nassa
hegitlay GRW er ncesccssoveresecensesess 5
Pateila
Bonardiy Baty ite c-..cccse-cseccenes 20
Pupa
bigorrensis, Ch. var elongata. 3, 5
Machelitmloweraccccvsssosessccss) 5
Vergennesiana, Charp ......00 10
HAD Up inytse WiESts waescscstessee sass 25
Physa
"rashes Wheaties ccteccscect sossacaecne 3 to 10
Galbbitairy.om-.s.cssss---s-oe--2s2 5,10
diaphana,, iPiyyon..::....o+:-.--+< 39 65
Pomatias
ObsGqurus) Drape ve.cscescaccsese 10

Rissoa
labiosave Ad ascensce-ceseceareseseces 3
Trochus
Racketti, Mont ~.cc-ccssccsensere 55 LO
Tryonia
pLOtealy Gldevesscssssccvcsererensant= eS
Truncatella
Galifornica a biieocsecccenvececess 24a
Trochonannina
pericarinata, v. Mart. (L. Nyassa) 25
Rissoina
BYugienia lay trcsseseresrsarasastenec 3,5
Valvata
WITEUS wit OMlecccesive-esasdsctecnees 5
BIVALVES
Arca pulchella, Rve.............. 10
Cardium paucicostatum Sby. 29, 30
do. papillosum, Polli...... 15
Liocardium substriatum, Con. 10, 15
Macoma inquinata, Desh...... 15, 20
Pecten monotimeris, Con.....15 to 25
Psammobia vespertina L....... 20
Solemya, mediterranea Lam..15 to 25
Tapes Bendanti, Payr......... 15 to 25
Mellinamitidasy Policccaccassesss0X5
| Terebratula vitrea Bru. var.
WLINO SS CACM een cacasseoersces 15, 20

Thecidium mediterraneum, Risso.
Wniowfalsus, Bretissv.ccesccencees 25

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via! OSE Vues al Aa Mandya
Mh an uf : mat ANE
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”

Che Conchologists E xchange

Mote

CHESINGT EVES PRMcAD EE PHTA, PAs PU 1887

No. 7

A Publication Designed for Conchologists and |
Scientists generally

Wii bo AVE RELL

Epitor AND PuBLisHER

4- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matters for publication must be received by the
twentieth of each month.

TERMS
Subscription, per Annum

To Foreign Countries
Single copies three cents ts each

25 cents
35 cents

Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States
Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay-
ment of bills.

Address all correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Editor and Publisher
Chestnut Hill
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

ADVERTISING RATES

One inch, displayed, 1 month ..
One inch, display ed, 3 months ..
One-half column, display ed,1 month
One-half column, displayed, 3 months
One column, displayed, THOUEE I isacesece.

One column, displayed, 3 months
HE ConcHo.ocists’ EXCHANGE is later
1% than usual this month owing to changes
looking towards its improvement, typo-
graphically and otherwise. As our constant aim
is to improve our little paper in all departments
we hope our readers will kindly excuse the
delay in issuing this number. The number
for February promises to be exceptionally in-
teresting, as several new features will be
added. Our young friends will be remembered,
and a column devoted to information for their
use in collecting shells. They are cordially
invited to correspond with us in regard to

their collecting trips and to make this “Young
Collector’s Games cheerfuland sociable. We

_ hope to include in February number a highly

| the project,
| ing all the

interesting serial article on ‘* The Shell-bear-
ing Mollusca of Mercer County, Illinois,” by
Mr. Wm. A. Marsh, of Aledo, Illinois, whose
conscientious labors in behalf of science are so

well-known and valued, together with a

| more general attention to scientific informa-

tion, new discoveries, reports of societies, etc.
We look forward to the future confident of

| success and sincerely trust you will hail our

coming with a cheery welcome.

A VAST stride towards scientific success has
been made in the Australasian colonies by
now well under way, of unit-
scientific societies in the colo-
nies in one grand society to be known as
“The Australasian Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science.’”? As there are some
twenty societies in the colonies with a mem-
bership of upwards of 3,000 the scheme wili
not lack for material, while the countries
especially interested, as well as the world in
geueral, will be highly benefited. Advantage

_ has been taken of the centennial anniversary

of the foundation of the colonies to further the
enterprise.

HEREAFYER “ THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex-
CHANGE”’ will be issued not later than the
25th of each month, and we sincerely hope
that all communications will be sent so as to
be received wot later than the 20th of each
month, to secure prompt publication.

SUBSCRIBERS will please note that the price
of “The Exchange,’ has been increased to
thirty-five cents per annum, and 50 cents to
foreign countries. Those who subscribe prior
tothe 15thof February will have the benefit of
the 25-cent rate.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ +: EXCHANGE

THE STRENGTH OF SNAILS

ERCEIVING a common snail, //e/ix aspersa,

crawling up the window blind one eve-

ning, it occurred to me to try what it could
draw up perpendicularly. Accordingly, I at-
tached to its shell four reels of cotton, fasten-
ing one after the other until T ascertained that
a greater load would exceed the limit of its
strength. I then weighed the entire load and
found that it weighed 214 ounces while the
snail weighed only 14 ounce. ‘Thus it was
able to lift perpendicularly nine times its
weight. I then made an experiment with a
larger snail weighing one-third ounce, the load
being composed chiefly of the same material
as the last but so placed as to be drawn in a
horizontal position on the table. Reels of
cotton to the number ot twelve were fastened
to it, with a pair of scissors, a screw driver, a
key and a knife, weighing altogether seven-
teen ounces, or fifty times the weight of the
snail. The same snail when placed on the
ceiling was able to travel with a weight of
four ounces suspended from its shell. I next
tried it on a piece of common thread suspended
and hanging loose with another snail of its
own weight which it carried up the thread
with apparent ease. After this I tried it on a
single horse hair strained in a horizontal posi-
tion, but it had then enough to do to crawl
over this narrow bridge without a load. [E.
Sandford, The Gardens, Dale Park, Arundel,
Eng. in Zoologist for December. ]

RARE CYPRAAS

T will be of interest to our readers to have
before them a list of the rarer Cypreas,
partial it is true, but still valuable to col-

lectors of this beautiful and interesting genus.

CYPRAA
aurantia, Min
Barclayi, Reeve
bicallosa, Gray
Bregertana, Crosse
Broderipii, Gray
candida, Pease
castanea, Higgins
chrysalis, Kiener

chrysostoma, Kiener
clara, Gaskoin
coffea, Gray

compla, Pease
contaminatla, Gray
Crosset, Marie
Jusco-maculata, Pease
gemmula, Weinkauff
Goodalit, Gray
gracilis, Gaskoin
guttata, Rumphius
helene, Roberts
Jenningsiana, Perry
lentiginosa, Gray
leucodon, Broderip
leucostoma, Gray
marginata, Gaskoin
Menkena, Deshayes
notata, Gill
pardalina, Dunker
parvula, Philippi
Peasel, Gaskoin
petitiana, Crosse and Fisher
pulchella, Swainson
LReevet, Gray
Sauliea, Gaskotin
Semiplota, Mighels
testudinaria, Linneus
umbilicata, Sowerby
valentia, Perry

EROSION OF FRESH-WATER
SHELLS

R. George W. Shrubsole ( Journal of
Conchology, V, 66, 1886) has some
notes on erosion of fresh-water shells.

He noticed that in specimens of Planorbts
living in the Trent Canal, the shell was entire,
but after being kept for three months in water
from the River Dee, considerable erosion had
taken place. This suggested that the char-
acter of the water might have a prominent
place in the erosion, and analysis showed that
the water of the Trent Canal contained about
three times as much lime in solution as that
from the River Dee. The fact that erosion
did not set in at’once is explained by the exist-
ence of the epidermis.—American Naturalist
for December, 1886.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE 35

THE VITALITY OF MOLLUSCA

ROF. Angelo Heilprin
for a remarkable case of vitality ob-
served among certain members of the

fauna of the New Jersey Coast. Specimens

Emma Walter at Atlantic City in June, 1855,

and retained dry during the entire year of |

their accidental captivity, were stated to be
still alive, although subjected for several
months to the abnormal temperature occa-
sioned by proximity to a heated wall surface.
This, the Professor contended, was perhaps
the most extraordinary instance of abnormal
vitality known among the marine mollusca,
although among the terrestrial and fresh-water
forms, especially among those which undergo
a partial hibernation, longer periods of semi-
adaptation to imposed conditions have been
noted. Instances of such survivals were cited
by Professor Heilprin and Professor Leidy.—
[Proc. Acad. of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia, June, 1886. ]

NEW LOCALITIES

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange,Sir: Zém-
nea gracilis is found in La Belle Lake, Wau-
kesha Co., Wis. Mrs. H. F. Henshall, Cyn
thiana, Ky.

STRIAE

Professor Leidy has named a new annelid
Lumbricus glacialis.

Dr. H. D. Valin, of Chicago, is the Editor
of a new periodical, “The American Journal
ef Biology.”

Professor J. T. Rothrock, of Philadelphia, is
reported as about to visit Europe in search of
needed rest.

Mr. William B Marshall is Professor Try-
on’s capable assistant in his conchological
labors.

Professor Agassiz found scarcely a score of
Helix Brasiliensis on his last visit to South
America.

is the authority |

Dr. Muller of Austria, has been making
some exiremely valuable observations on the
action of the stomach upon fungi.

Professor Alpheus Hyatt read a paper on the

ns | “Primitive forms of Cephalopoda” before the
of Wassa obsoleta, Say, collected by Miss |

National Academy of Sciences, at its meeting
November 10, 1886.

Professor H. L. Osborne becomes the Editor
of “The American Monthly Microscopical
Journal” during the absence of Mr Hitchcock
in Japan.

Ex-President White, of Cornell, has lately
donated his library of 30,000 volumes and
10,000 pamphlets, valued at $100,000 to the
University.

W. Topley, F. G. S., delivered an address
on “The Erosion of the Coasts of England
and Wales”’ before the Geological Association
of England, November 5, 1886.

Miss Graceanna Lewis, of Germantown,
Philadelphia, intends delivering a course of
scientific lectures throughout the country. Miss
Lewis is a sister of Professor H. Carvill Lewis,
the noted Geologist.

Dr. C. A. White has lately discovered the
following new Cretaceous fossils: Trochus
(Oxystele), euryostomus; Cerithium Pillingi;
Cerithium Totium Sanctorum; Solarium
Wallalense and Nerita Californiensis.

Dr.C. W. Kimmins has delivered a very im-
portant lecture before the Ley’s Natural History
Society on “* The Discovery of Human Bones,
Pottery, etc., at Hauxton Mills, near Cam-
bridge, Eng.’ The skulls are neolithic and Dr.
Kimmins is of the opinion that this find proves
that neolithic men must have lived on into
historic times.

THE noted American Naturalist, Professor Te
H. Ryder, makes the following capital sugges-
tions—‘ Structures that are disappearing should
be called vestiges. Structures which are still
imperfect but are appearing Ought to be called
rudiments.”

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

NECROLOGY

Carl Oscar Hamnstrom, Swedish botanist,
died July 5, 1886.

Dr. Charles Robert Bree, British ornitholo-
gist, died October 17,1886.

Mr. J. S. Harrison, microscopist, died Oc-
tober 6, 1886. at Malton, England.

Paul Bert, physiologist, died last November
in the 54th year of his age.

The death of Rev. W. Downs, F. G. S. the
distinguished geologist and botanist, is an-
nounced.

The death of Dr. Joseph G. Richardson of |

Philadelphia, an eminent microscopist is an-
nounced; aged 51 years.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPON-
DENTS

W., Toledo, O. | Your supposition that Jan
was a Swiss writer is correct.

S.C. Tritiaria is a fossil genus occurring
in the Miocene formation, Virginia. The
specimem sent was of recent origin.

J. A. B. Ceylon would be a possible local-
ity for your specimens as they both hail from
India, East Indies, ete. Pyrosus should be
Pyrazus.

Halia. The genus Halia is a synonym for
Buccinum and was adopted by MacGillivray.
Please consult a standard work for answers to
your other questions.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED

The American Monthly Microscopical Jour-
nal—The West America Scientist—The Cana-
dian Entomologist—The Microscopal Bulletin
and Science News—The National Educator.

Bulletin of American Museum of Natural
History. Vol. 1, No. 8, from’ A Woodward,
Librarian.

Con ;

Exchange Column

Exchanges which are merely indirect offers of arti-
cles for money, will not be accepted.

We wil! not hold ourselves responsible for any mis-
takes or disappointments occurring because of bad faith
on the part of any of our exchangers.

Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol-

lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10

| cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be

5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than 10
cents.

75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20
words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30

words, with privilege of change each month,

EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA

OFFERED:—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus :
Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber-
landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta: Buli-
mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop-
sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells.

H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa.

-OFFERED:—Trivia Californica, Gray; Crepidula
navacelloides, Nutt., adunca, Sby. Mopalia muscosa,
Gld., Stenoradsia magdalensis, Rve., Tonicella lineata,
Wood, Lepidopleurus Cooperi, Cpr. Trachydermon
pseudodentiens, Cpr. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach,
rufescens, Swains; Mytilus Californianus, Con.; Pach-
ydesma crassatelloides, Con.; ‘Tapes staminea, Con.;
Schizotheurus Nuttallii, Con.; Saxodomus Nuttallii,
Zirphaza crispata, L. Helix Traskii, Nwe;
Physa politissima, Tryon; for wants in Mollusca.

GEO. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro Bay, Cal.

NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh-
water and Marine shells to exchange for American
Land and Fresh-water Shells. GF. ANCEY,

Marseilles, France.

FOSSIL Land and Fresh-water Shells wanted; also,
recent forms of Fossil genera, British and Foreign.
CHAS. MUSSON,
23 Napperiy Hill, Nottingham, Eng.

OFFERED:—Ceylonese Shells, including rare spe-
cies of Helix, Bulimus, Cyclophorus, Cataulus, etc.
Wantep:—Good Foreign or British Shells.

Miss LINTER, Twickenham, Eng.
OFFERED:—P. lineatus, A. fluviatilus, H. Cartu-
siana, H. caperata var major and ornata, P. secale, B.
perversa, C. Rolphii, and A acicula. Wanted, British
land and fresh water shells. C. H. MORRIS, School
Hill, Lewes, Sussex, Eng.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE 37

WANTED:—British and Continental Unionide ex-
cept “‘batavus.’’ Offered:—British land and: fresh
water shells. G.S. TYE, 1o Richmond road, Bir-
mingham, Eng.

MISCELLANEOUS EXCHANGES

OFFERED :—Florida Moss, Woods, Palmetto,
Alligator Teeth, Wild Boar Tusks, etc., for foreign
shells, curios, etc. C.F. SULZNER, Palatka Fla.

cena

WANTED: Emu and Cassowary eggs in exchange
for named shells. ID) ee

WANTED: Perfect Echinoderms, for named shells.
D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson st. Brooklyn, N. Y.

OFFERED:—100 british Wild plants, mounted on
good paper, 16xro in. for correctly named microscopic
slides. J. J. PORTER, Perranarworthal,Cornwall,Eng.

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States
and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, and 60 pounds
of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates
rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper:
Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Address, W. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa.

WANTED:—Histological and Pathological micro.
slides. Dr. J. H. SMITH, 909 S. Charles st. Balti-
more, Md. *

WANTED:—A good work on Mollusca, fora be-
ginner; not too expensive. Mollusca and curiosities to

exchange. Send for list. EDWIN J. STEBBINS,
Adrian, Mich.

KIRBY’S European Butterflies and Moths, new, cost
37 sh. 6 d. to exchange for telescope, album crustacea
or other objects. JAMES ELLISON, Steelton,

Leeds, Eng.

BOOK EXCHANGE

OPEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME RATE AS
““ EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA’”’

OFFERED:—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca
75 Edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe,
N. A.: Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn:
Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Maxys Bones of Mastodons, 10
plates: Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physiology: Bohn’s
edt’n: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on
a Fossil Saurian of the New ed Sandstone Formt’n;
Lesquereux’s Cretacceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’n Mis.
Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleop-
tera, 3 pp out.

WANTED:—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus; Unio:
Say’s American Conchology: Gould’s Invertebrata of
Mass: Kiener’s@plates of Shells: Carpenter’s works:
Tryon’s Monog. Terr, Moll. of U. S., Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Plates for offers in works on Con-
chology. W. D. AVERELL,

Chestnut Hill, Phila.

OFFERED:—“A Manual of Zoology,”’ by M. Milne
Edwards; ‘“‘A Manual of Blow pipe Analysis,’’ by
Wm. Elderhurst, M. D.: ‘‘Sulphurets,’’ how concen-
trated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good copy of
““Woodward’s Manual of Mollusca,’” and other works
on Conchology. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr. Morro, Cal.

WANTED:—Tryon, American Marine Conchology,
colored edition. Offered—Sowerby Veneridce: Knorr,
Hoorns en Schulzen. M. M. SCHEPMAN,

Rhoon, near Rotterdam, Holland.

WANTED in exchange, . any illustrated books on
British Grasses and Mosses. TPP RO RATER
Perranarworthal, Cornwall. ;

OFFERED:—Cassell’s
for good fossils or shells.

‘Technical Educator, new,
R. CAIRNS,
Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng.

WHAT offers for volumes II and IV, of Tpeiecteal
Observer, and volume I, and 22 parts “of Popular Sci-
ence Review. R. BROKENSHIRE, Oxford, Eng.

OFFERED:—Fossils, Minerals, Magazines, etc., for
type, rule. F. E. WETHERELL, Oskaloosa, Iowa.

WANTED:—Scientific Books in exchange. G. W.
HUMPHREY, Box 160 Dedham. Mass.

THe WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST

moar Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly

POPULAR SCIENCE

A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California

magazine of

Eminent Scientists are contributors.

Price $1.00 per year, 10 cents a copy

Send 25 cents for a g months’ trial subscription

Agents Wanted

Cc. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS'’ :

EXCHANGE

PINE: SO@ksS FOR Sy iS

It is said of Quaritch that Eee you entrust him with a cash order

you will receive the book value of your money.
honesty, coupled with a hearty

we have all of Quaritch’s

Now, while

desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu-

tation.
tion for anybody.

These books will establish a
Sold only for Cash.

reputa-

fes~ The highest reference given if desired. =a

Kirby and Spence. An introduc-

tion to Entomology or Elements
of the Natural History of Insects
with Plates, by Wm. Kirby and
Wm. Spence, 4th edtn: 4 vols. %-
morocco: london. /1822. \ Price
$18—Regular price $20.

D’Orbigny Charles M. Diction-

aire universel D’ Histoire Natur-
elle; ‘Dirige, Par Ma Charles
D’Orbigny. 15 vols.; 12 vols. of
text and 3 vols. of plates, %4-mo-
rocco; Paris; 184@. Price $70.
Regular price $75.

Westurood J. O. Arcana Entom-

ologica or Illustrations of new,
rare, and interesting Insects. 2
vols. %-morocco, London 1845.
Price $27.50. Regular price $30.

Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent

and Fossil Shells for the use of
Students in Conchology and
Geology. Illustrated with 264
original Plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo.
%-morrocco. London, (N. D.).
Price $15. Regular price $17.50.

Lowe, i. T.

Vetepnene: James and Francis.

Illustrations of British Entomolo-
ey, or a Synopsis of Indigenous
Insects, containing their generic
and specific Distinctions. ._Em-
bellished with colored figures ot
the rarer and more intelligent
species. 12 volumes; %-roan
London, 1828. Price $50. Reg-
ular price $55.

Ferns, British and
Exotic, 8 vols. New and Rare
Ferns, I vol.; British Grasses,
1 vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants,
I vol.; Illustrated with beauti-
ful, Plates ingcolorsy Mosethe,
11 vols. royal 8-vo. Half
levant-morocco extra, gilt tops,
London, 1872. Price $95. Regu-
lar price $100.

Woodward. Manual of the Mol-

lusca, with Appendix by Ralph
Tate. 642pp: 23 plates, 441
figures, 270 illustrations, London
1880 edition. | Price $2.50 post-
paid. Formerly $2.60.

The same, 1875 edtn, price $2 post-paid.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE

Entomology.

Drury D. Exotic

Illustrations of, wherein are ex- |
hibited upwards of 600 Insects of |

the East and West Indies, China,

New Holland, North and South |

America, Germany, etc., very
few of which are figured in any
other work. New edition with
additions and Scientific Indexes
by J. O. Westwood. 150 Plates
beautifully colored. 3 vols.4 to.
¥% morocco,uncut. London,1837.
Price $25.

. “ . |
“This exquisite work of Drury displays
the complete insect ina degree of perfection |

”

owe, dust.) Beautiful) Leaved
| Plants. Being a description of
the most beautiful leaved Plants
in Cultivation in this country.
With 60 col’d illustrations. 8-vo.
| Half morocco extra, gilt tops.
London 1861. Price $10. Regu-
lar price $12.

Tryon, Geo. W.Jr.Structural and
Systematic Conchology, and, also,
Manual of Conchology. The
latest works for Conchologists.
Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
Circulars sent on application.

that leaves nothi.g to be desired Sy |

James E. Smith.

Gould, John. A Century of Birds

from the Himalaya Mountains. |

Folio: %-morocco.(Scarce.) Price
670, eoular price $75.

| Speciat Notice:—A few second-
hand copies of Tryon’s Structural
and Systematic Conchology for
sale at $5.00—Cash.

Penn Printing Company

Orders sent to the Office of The

Conchologists Exchange, Chestnut

Hill, will have prompt attention

MERMAID AVENUE

CHESTNUT HILL——

PHILADELPHIA

CATALOGUES... MOUNTING CARDS=::.. LABELS

ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED

THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE

TJ phabetical Price-I ist of Shells

RECEIVED SINCE THE
TeERms:—Cash with order.

chasers in all cases.

ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 6
Express charges to be borne by pur-

Nore :—A Discount of 10 per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will
be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.”

This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,”
quent Lists until further notice.

and all subse-

Names b yy Prof.Tr yon, localities exact.

BIVALVES

ASAPHIS
deflorata,L.(Bahamas) 15 to 25
e “* (Society Is.)25
arenosa, Rumph . 235
ANODONTA
implicata, Say...

f CIRCE
pectinata, L.

CYTHEREA

. 20
- 15 to 30

trimaculata, Lam
DOSINA

> 205

discus, Rve.

« D5;
DONAX
AIS, (Clie sy 4 na

LINGULA

5,
Sasi

anatina, L
ala uer ii,

gibba, Spo. . 2. 20;
MESODESMA

Novee-zelandiz, Chem. 25,

MYTILICARDIA
variegata, Brug.. . . 15,

TRIGONIA
Lamarckii,Gray. . . 25,
UNIVALVES

ACHATINELLA
LoratasyHeus ethane

mustelina, Migh.
Witt We. 5. 1. 5 5, LO

apicata, Nwe. 5, 10
curta. Nwe. . . 10,15
diversa, Gulick . 10,
Dunkeri, Cumg. 20,
olivacea, Rve. 5
producta, Rieu... 5, 10
Varian Gullick: ty tsheen ee 15,
virens, Sf. yo 6 oO Bip l@
Byronii, Gray | 2 ee 55 LO

25 | bella, Rve, .

| gracilis,

|rosea, Swn
Mahogani, Gulick .
Dwightii, Nwc .
perdix, Rve
proximus, Pse .
Redfieldii, Nwe.
tessellata, Nwc.
viral Mgh.

ot Vales

“ “e ee

Helena, Nwe. .
physa, Nwe

Mighelsiana, Pfr.
polita, Nwe.

| staminea, Rve. .

sanguinea, Nwe,
venusta, Mgh.
plicata, Mgh. .
brunnea, Smith .
affinis, Nwc. .

| nigrolabris, Gulick

nubilosa, Mgh

| obesa, Nwe.

rubens, Gould . .
SOLOrINiWiGs. seas
spirizona, Fer.
ventulus, Fer .
violacea, Nwe.
Hutchinsonii, Pse. .

| chrystallina, Gulick .
|labiata, Nwe. .

nitida, Nwe..
Bir.
crassuls, Smith. .
auricula, Fer. .
cinnamomea, Pfr. .
Alexandri, Nwe.

PeLOM NSM
Liss 20)
ese
5 Gy:
+ 10} 20)

CYPREA
ventriculus, L. 50,
mauritiana, L . 20 to 50

CONUS
imperialis, L - 75
| striatus, IE, . 60
FASCIOLARIA
‘trapezium, IL; + 005, 2880)
FISSURELLA
picta, Gmel.( Patagonia) 40
HALIOTIS
| pulcherrima, Mtn. . . 25,
HELIX
| tephrodes, Pfr. 505,200
| ovum, Val. . - 50, 1.00
| MITRA
|cucumerina, Lam . . 20,
MUREX
triquetra, Born. =) 205
NASSA
vibex, Say. 5 Be 5:
PATELLA
| deaurata, Gmel. (Patagonia) 35
cochlear, Born.
(Cape of GHope) 25, 30
PTEROCERA
scorpio, L . . 355
millipedes, L . (610),
lambis, L. “30s
chiragra, L. . 40,

PYTHIA
leopardus, Rve.. . <1 205
chalcostoma, A. Ads. 25,

RIMELLA
cancellata, Lams). - 40;

Che Conchologists Exchange.

~ Wee RIGHT SECURED

Mote ale

CHESINUD BILE PHILADELPHIA, PAY FEBRUARY, 1887.

No. 8

A Publication Designed for Conchologists and
Scientists generally.

WO DAV ERELL,

Epvitor ano PustisHER.

4ig> Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
fables items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matters for A cbiicadon must be received by the
twentieth of each month.

TERMS

Subscription, per annum - -
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Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States
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Address all correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Editor and Publisher,
Chestnut Hill.
Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.

ADVERTISING RATES. »
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> ie the first of August, 1886, we have !

distributed freely among the scientists of

this and foreign countries upwards of
15,000 copies of THE CoNCHOLoGIsTs’ Ex-
CHANGE and we have the great satisfaction of
hearing from many sources that our liberality
is appreciated. A glance at our columns in
this number will convince you that we justly
think our publication ot more value to science
than ever, while a kindly comparison with the
early numbers will clinch the argument. As
promised, Mr. William A. Marsh begins in
this number a highly interesting series Gi orici-
nal articles on the land and fresh-water shells

of Mercer County, Ulinois. Mr. Charles T.
Simpson of Ogallala, Nebraska, contributes a
valuable paper which will throw much light
upon the molluscan fauna of Tampa Bay,
Florida. Our Young Collectors’ Corner makes
its first appearance this month and is designed,
as its title indicates, for beginners in Conchol-
ogy. Dr. V. Sterki, late of Switzerland, has
written for this column an article which will
be of especial value to our young friends in
collecting shells. We agree with Dr. Sterki
in urging the young to collect and study the
smaller shells as well as the larger specimens,
for in no other way can the youthful scholar
hope to excel.

A NOTABLE instance of unchanged habitatis
furnished in the case of Cyclostoma elegans.
This pretty shell is found to-day in Burwell
Wood, Lincolnshire, England, in the same lo-
cality in which it was found in 1678 by Dr.
Martin Lister an enthusiastic conchologist who
records the fact in his quaint work entitled

fistore Animalium Anglie.”’ Dr. Lister also
found Zonites fulvus in moss at the roots of
trees in the same noted forest, but lat@r writers
have pronounced it extinct in that locality.
Apropos of this circumstance, and in view of
the painstaking and loving care with which
successful collectors pursue their studies in
Concholozy, we wish to impress upon
young collectors the importance of exactness
in recording the details of their rural excursions
and evening experiments.

THE nextnumber will contain an article up-
on the Helicidee, by Mr. C.F. Ancey, continued
from No. 5; one from Rev. W. M. Beauchamp
upon * The Erosion of Fresh-Water Shells,”
together with a continuation of the two Jead-
ing contributions begun in this issue. The
admission to this feast will be a fully paid sub-
scription presented at the door.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF
MERCER CoO,, ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

HERE is, perhaps, no locality in the
Northern States that can furnish to the
ardent collector more species of fluvia-

tile mollusks than Mercer County, Illinois.
The Mississippi River, which washes its whole
Western boundary, with its numerous sloughs,
the great number of small iakes and ponds i in
the Northwestern part of the County, known
as the Bog Island, make it a grand repository
for molluscan life. We have, also, Edwards
and Pope Creeks running the entire length of
the County from East to West, and emptying
their waters into the Misissippi River, besides
some four or fiv hich
furnish a few species not found in the river
proper. An experience of nearly hfteen years
careful collecting in the waters of this County
has very likely brought to light about all the
species that will be found in the County. The
family Unionide is represented by fifty- seven
described species, forty-five of which belong
to the sub-genus C720, five to Alargaritana,
and seven to the sub-genus Azodonta.
+
Nores ON FLUVIATILE SPECIES, FAMILY

Unionide, SUB-GENUS Unio.

1.—Unto anodontoides, Lea.

This fine and very distinct species (which
has a geographical distribution from Western
New York to the Colorado River of Texas),
is found rather commonly in the Mississippi
River, and very abundantly in the adjoining
sloughs. The forms found in the river are
either of a milky white or light straw-colored
epidermis; while the forms found in the
sloughs are beautifully rayed. It is a smooth,
wide species with a rather thick shell. It
seems to be quite an active species, for I have
often found it in considerable numbers very
near the margin of the river, or slough, in
times of high water.

2.—Unio ALsopus, Green.

This isasparsely nodulous Uzo0, oblique in
outline. It is found rather commonly in the
river and usually keeps in deep water. This
species attains a larve size and when adult has
a dark brown epidermis. It is very distinc.
from any other species found in our locality,
and when once known may be easily identifiedt
The animal of A‘%so) us is always of a reddish
or salmon color.
3.-—Unio alatus, Say.

This beautitul species occurs rather rarely
in the Mississippi, but is more common in the
sloughs along the river. It is a winged or
symphynote shell and is usually covered with
dark green rays. The nacre is always of a
pink or chocolate color. Alatus often attains
a large size, the finest specimens being obtained
from the sloughs.

4 —Unio arctior, Lea.

This shell is probably only a variety of C7270
gtbbosus, Barnes. It however differs from g7é-
doses in having a white nacre and it seems to
attain a larger size. I have found it in but
one stream (Edw ards Creek) and regard it as
a very rare species in this locality. I have re-
ceived this shell from Ohio, Indiana, Tennes-
see, Alabama and Arkansas.

5.—Unio asperrimus, Vea.

This very fine nodulous shell is very close
to our Unio lacrymosus, I-ea, differmg in its
larger size and very much longer and sharper
tubercles and it is also more inflated. U/zzo0
asperrimus occurs only in the Mississippi and
is very rare. I have not found over a dozen
of this species.

6.— Unio cafax, Green.

Capax is one of our finest and most interest-
ing species. It is found only in the Missis-
sippi and I regard it as a rather rare shell. It
is a very active species and when the river is
low it may be found busily plowing its way
through the sand. The epidermis is smooth
and of a yellowish horn color, although occa-
sionally a specimen may be found having a
beautiful pink nacre and covered with dull

RHE = CONCHOLOGISTS?

BNCHANGE, 35

green rays. In some respects Unio capax fa-
vors Unio ventrisosus but it is very distinct,
however, from that shell.

7.—Unio coccineus, Hildreth.

This extremely variable species is found
only in Edwards Creek, where it is associated
with Unio rubiginosus, Lea, which it much
resembles, but as found has a much smoother
epidermis, is more beautifully rayed, and has
a beautiful pink nacre. It is a very rare spe-
cies here and will probably soon be extinct.
§.— Unto cornutus, Barnes.

This species is found rather sparingly in the
Mississippi. I regard it as very constant in its
characteristics, although I often find individuals
entirely devoid of rays. It is a tuberculate
shell, and is usually very finely colored with
greenish dots and rays.

g.— Unio crassidens, am.

This is a very thick and heavy species, with
dark pink nacre. When young, crassidens is
beautifully rayed, but the ravs usually become
obsolete as the shell grows older. It is found
only in the river and is very rare, as in fifteen
years’ collecting I have secured but three
specimens.

r0.—Unio donacifornis, Lea.

This small and very handsome species is
found rather commonly in the river and adjoin-
ing sloughs. Itis the waleof Unio zig-zag,Lea,
and as Mr. Lea named it first, it lhes prece-
dence. Mr. Lea’s types were from Tennessee
but there is little difference between our shells
and those in my cabinet from the Cumberland
River, Tennessee.

t1.—Unio Dorfeucllianus, Lea.

Ihave very rarely found this species in the
river. It is a fine shell and apparently very
closely allied to Unio pustulosus, Lea, although
it seems to differ from pzs/u/osus in having a
darker epidermis and fewer nodules. It also
differs in oce¢Uinve, which is triancular, while
pustulosus is subrotund. For some reason I
have not been able to secure a single specimen
of it for some three or four years.

12.—Unio ebenus, Lea.

This common species has a dark brown
epidermis and is thick and solid in structure.
The male is quite different in outline from the
female. This is the most abundant species in
the river, equalling in numbers all other species
of Uniones combined. When collecting in
deep water it proves very troublesome as it is
often necessary to handle a vast number of
this shell in order to obtain other more desirable
kinds. It is a deep water shell and very slue-
gish in its movements, preferring soft, gravelly
Boron: and seems to discard muddy locations
Ebenus has a white, pearly and very iridescent
nacre, but occasionally I have found it having
the nacre tinged with pink.

13.— Unio ellipsis, Lea.

This is a very abundant species and takes rank
next to Unzo ebenus for numbers. It is of a
smooth, elliptical form, with a dark brown or
dark green epidermis. Some specimens have
finely marked rays, while many are (especially
when adult) entirely devoid of them. This
species is at times very active and may be found
near the margin of the Mississippi in great
numbers, expecially the very young and half-
grown individuals,

r4.— Unio elegans, Lea.

As its name implies, this is one of our mest
beautiful species. It is only found in the river
and is rather a rare shell. In its surface mark-
ing and nacre, it is extremely variable, hardly
any two shells being found alike. Some spe-
cimens have a salmon colored nacre, some are
pink, others are white, shining and very irides-
cent; others, still, are beautifully rayed, while
some are found entirely devoid of rays. The
color of the epidermis is also variable, ranging
from a light straw, through the various shades
of green to those of dark and light olive in
in different specimens. The epidermal mark-
ings of some are very remarkable, being covered
with greenish spots, some cuneiform and others
zig-zag, interrupted by lines of growth.

To de continued.

RECORD OF A TWO DAYS’ DREDG-
ING CRUISE IN TAMPA
BAY, FLORIDA.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON,

HE following record of a two days’ dredg-
ing cruise in Tampa Bay, Florida, will
serve to show the wonderful richness of

marine molluscan life upon the West coast of
Florida, both as to numbers and species. I
found this locality to be one of the richest for
small species of any visited in my sojourn of
four years in the state. The record was made
out immediately after the work was done.
Some names have been added and corrections
made since.

Locality: Tampa Bay, Florida, from
mouth of Manatee River to Point Pinellas,
Mullet Key and return.

fathoms. Date, August 3d and 4th, 1885.
SPECIES LIVING DEAD
Strombus pugilis, L. . Many
Strombus pugilis,var alatus,Gmel. 8 I
(Young.)
Murex pomum), Gmel, "2 sel auiver I
(Dead and Worn.)
Murex nuceus, Morch . . . . Many ‘
Muricidea Hemphilli, Dall . . Many A few
Murex cellulosa, Con. ? Many
This shell agrees better with Con-
al description of this than
anything else. The species is
unfigured.
Urosalpinx cinerea, Say . Many
Eupleura caudata,Say'. .. . 5
Fasciolaria distans, Lam... . I
Young.
Pulsar pyrum; Dill’) 2a I
(Very young.)
NassaltvibexisSayi. 2" Many

ambigua, Mont. . ats I
(Very fine: the form consensa, Ray.)
Marginella apicina, Mke.. . . 4
mitidas: Hids!! 2 =a: I

(Small, but full grown.)
Olivella mutica, Say .
(Mostly quite small.)

“ce

Many Many

Depth, one to six |

THE -: CONCHOLOGISTS’ :

EXCHANGE
SPECIES LIVING DEAD
Olivella mutica,.var. . . Many
(Young; a delicate form, zig-zagged
with yellow lines.)
Oliva literata, Lam. 5 :

(In six fathoms.)
Columbella mercatoria, L. . . Tl fest Ys
(Young, but fine.)
Columbella lunata, Say .

ee semiplicata, Stns

(All incrusted; many dead with
hermit crabs. )

Columbella acuta, Stearns ..
ce Steams, liryonw seems I

A Few Many

a HlotessiumOrb, . 4 nly 2
Conus pygmeeus, Rve. 2
(Very dark; fresh.)
Conus Pealii, Green . : 2 a
(Covered with barnacles and shells; )
Terebra protexta, Con. . Many

(Some quite fresh.)

Terebra dislocatus,Say. .. .
ce concava Sayers ee I I

(Not hitherto reported on the
West coast that I know of.)

| Pyramidella tessellata, Ad. 4 ;
Eulima conoidea, Ktz. & Stm 3 2
(Live specimens, very fine, covered
with young oysters.)
Scalaria angulata, Say... . . I Bunty
Turbonilla Viridaria, Dall. Betss Many

Natica pussilla, Say . Several ..

(Young; very richly marked, car-
ried by hermit crabs.)

Natica duplicata,Say ... . erate I

Sigaretus perspectivus, Say .. .. I

Rissoina pulchra, C. B. Ad (?). Grek

Bittium nigrum, Tatt Many Many
(Both the dark and pale varieties.)

Galerus caudeanus, Orb.
(The only living specimen I ever
obtained.)

1 Several

Odostoma granatina, Dall 3

Niso anglees, Bush 4
(Twor young.)

Crepidula fornicata, Say . .. Many ..

a6 plana, Say . . Many, 2%

(On interior of dead shells.)

Phasianella umbilicata, Orb. :

Bulla occidentalis, Ad. . I

Actzeon punctatus, Orb . 3 5
seu) PHOTidants). Con.) ae I 3

To be continued.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

- Young Collectors’ Corner.

COLLECTING SHELLS
IN DRIFT.

BY V. STERKI, M. D. NEW PHILADELPHIA, O.

3a this time of the year freshets are very

prevalent throughout the country, and
this very fact furnishes you with an ex-
cellent opportunity to collect the smaller spe-
cies of land and fresh-water shells. Gather
carefully the fine drift deposited in smaller or
larger quantities—sometimes very little and
yet valuable—at the edge of high water, by
basketfuls or even bushels, carry it home and
let it dry upon a suitable piece of cloth, such
an an old bed sheet. When the drift is dry,
shake and rub it gently, pass it through a sieve
or handle it otherwise so that the smaller par-
ticles may be separated. Place these by hand-
fuls upon the table and pick out the small
shells with the aid of a fine pair of pincers.
You will, in most instances, find many valuable
specimens.
Vertigos.
Many of these shells will be more or less
weathered, while a part of them will be found
in good condition. | You may find species in
this way which you have looked for in vain
elsewhere, while your attention may be directed
to certain new forms not thought of before.

VALVES.

Shells have valves just as books have leaves,
and upon these valves you may read their life-
histories.

President Dwight, of Yale College, has a
scholarly stoop in his shoulders, and seeing
this and not meaning any disrespect, a little
NewHaven girl said to her mother: ““Mamma,
I think he is the s¢oofedest man I ever did see.”

A funny little mollusk dwells in the harbor
of Sydney, Australia, known by the name of
Trigonia,(three-cornered), Aspecimen of the
comb-like 7Jyigonia or TJ. pectinata, Lam.
when placed on the gunwale of his boat by

Look especially for Pupas and

| States and foreign countries.

Mr. Stutchbury, leapt overboard, clearing a
ledge of four inches.

The boys and girls interested in shells and
living near San Joaquin River, Cala., will have
no trouble in collecting fresh-water mussels
(Unionidz) now,as the water is low and the river
bed and the bottom of the large sloughs are
fairly covered with them. Pearls of. fair color
are found in these bivalves.

Did you ever collect shells at Cape Henlopen,
Delaware? We have, and at low tide have se-
cured fine specimens of Bzsycon. Pyrula,
Natica, Crepidula, Sigaretus, Petricola, Litto-
rina, Soler, and many others too numerous to
mention here, certainly enough specimens to
keep your hands and heads busy for many eyen-
ings and leisure days.

Gechange Galumn.

Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol-
lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, to
cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be
5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than to
cents.

75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20
words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30

words, with privilege of change each month.

-MISCELLANEOUS EXCHANGES.

OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and
exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra-
nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United
FELIX ANCEY, 34
Montie de Lodi, Marseilles, France.

WANTED :—Eocene fosaie named and localized in
exchange for others. G. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering,
road, Upper Clapton, Eng.

OFFERED:—A Swift’s microtome in good condition,
Wanted—Standard books. ©. MORLEY, 21 Eccleston
road, Ealing, W. Eng.

WANTED:—Nests with eggs of British and foreign
birds. Rare eggs offered in exchange. J. T. T. REED,
Ryhope, Durham, Eng.

HERBARIUM—British and foreign. What offers?
J. H. LEWIS, F. L. S., 145 Windsor street, Liverpool.

OFFERED :—Many continental dried plants. Send
list for exchange. C. COPINEAU, Somme, France

Continued on page 48

THE (CONCHOLEOEISTS = EXCHANGE

FINE 2@@l2S Peon sfc

It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order

you will receive the book value of your money.

Now, while

we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty
desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu-

tation.
tion for anybody.

These books will establish a reputa-
Sold only for Cash.

fes> The highest reference given if desired. ay

Kirby and Spence. An introduc-
' tion to Entomology or Elements
of the Natural History of Insects
with Plates, by Wm. Kirby and
Wm. Spence, 4th edtn: 4 vols. %4-
morecco: Wondon, 1522: \Wakice |
$18—Reegular price $20.

D’Orbigny Charles M. Diction-'
aire universel D’Histoire Natur-
elle) Diriges Par “Ni hares
D’Orbigny. 15 vols.; 12 vols. of
text and 3 vols. of plates, %4-mo-
rocco; Paris, 1640), “rice. 470:
Regular price $75. |

Westwood J. QO. Arcana Entom- |
ologica or Illustrations of new, |
rare, and interesting Insects. 2 |
vols. %4-morocco. London 1845.
Price $27.50. Regular prieeis30:

Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent
and I*ossil Shells for the use of |
Students in Conchology and |
Geology. Illustrated with 264 |
original Plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo. |
yY-morrocco. London, ((Nim,).
Price $15.) Regularipricepii7 sso.)

| Stephens, James and Francis.

Illustrations ot British Entomolo-
ey, or a Synopsis of Indigenous
Insects, containing their generic
and specific Distinctions. Em-
bellished with colored figures ot
the rarer and more interesting
species. 12 volumes; %-roan
London, 1828. Price $50. Reg-
ular price $55.

Lowe, &.T. Ferns, British and
Exotic, 8 vols. New and Rare
Ferns, 1 vol. BritisheGrassess
1 vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants,
1 vol.; Illustrated with beauti-
ful Plates in colors. Together
11 vols., royal 8-vo. Half
levant-morocco extra, gilt tops,
London, 1872. Price $95. Regu-
lar price $100.

Woodward. Manual of the Mol-
lusca, with Appendix by Ralph
Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates, 441
figures, 270 illustrations, London

880 edition. Price $2.50 post-
paid, Formerly $2.60.

The same, 1875 edtn, price $2 post-paid.

THE -CONCHOLOGISTS” > EXCHANGE 47

Lowe, &. 2. Beautiful Leaved
Plants.’ Being a description of
the most beautiful leaved Plants
in Cultivation in this country.
With 60 col’d illustrations. 8-vo.
Half morocco extra, gilt tops.
London 1861. Price $10. Regu-
lar price $12.

additions and Scientific Indexes | b
by J. O. Westwood. 150 Plates Tryon, Geo. W.Jr.Structural and

Systematic Conchology,and, also,
Manual of Conchology. The
latest works for Conchologists.

beautifully colored. 3 vols.4 to.
¥% morocco,uncut. London,1837. |

Price $25. | : Aas
“This exquisite work of Drury displays Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
the complete msect ina degree of perfection | Circulars sent on application.

that leaves nothing to be desired.’’—Sir
James E. Smith.

Gould, John A Century of Birds
from the Himalaya Mountains.

SpeciaL Notice:—A_ few second-
hand copies of Tryon’s Structural

Folio: %-morocco.(Scarce.) Price | and Systematic Conchology for
$70. Regular price $75. | sale at $5.00—Cash.

Penn Printing Company

eerie ye erelOsie on The MERMAID AVENUE

Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut

CHESTNUT HILL——

fill, will have prompt attention

PHILADELPHIA

Ci NVeOGUESiy MOUNTING CARDS > LABELS

ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED

DAE | CONCHOLOGISTS=.

EXCHANGE

EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.

WANTED :—American correspondents interested in
the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo,
etc.), of the U.S. | Duplicates and other shells for ex-
change. V.'S TERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O.

OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and ©

Davies’ ‘‘Egg Check List’’ in exchange for books on
Conchology; send title and state the condition of your
book and I will send you list of the shells.
HINKLEY, Du Bois, Ill.

WANTED :—Pisidium roseum, Zonites nitidus, Z. |

glaber, Test. haliotoidea,Succinea oblonga, Helix fusca,
H. pygmeza, Pupa ringens and Acme lineata.
desiderata. British land and fresh-water shells offered.
J. R. B. MASEFIELD, Rosehill, Staffordshire, Eng.

WANTED :—P. vivipara, Helix arbustorum, H.
ericetorum, D. polymorpha, C laminata, C. tridens, A.
anatina, for other land and fresh-water shells.

J. C. BLACKSHAW, 4 Ranelagh road,
Wolverhampton, Eng.

Send |

|
:

(Abe AA

RG Advertisements such as the following inserted —
°

at the rate of 75 cents each insertion.

FOR SALE

Helix infumata ten cents; H. arrosa ten cents,
each. 500 species Pacific Coast

Coleoptera; good specimens.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Price-List on Application.
'L. B. RICKSECKER, Occidental, Cal.

BOOK EXCHANGE.

WANT ED :—Conchologia conten Vols: 18-20 ; also
Monograph on Mollusca. State wants. Miss LINTER,
Twickenham, Eng.

List of Poles and Binio Dine Shells
RECEIVED SINCE THE ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 7.
Terms:—Cash with order. Express charges to be borne by pur-
chasers in all cases.

Nore:—A Discount of 10 per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will
be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.”
This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,” and all subse-
quent Lists until further notice. Mames by Prof. Tryon, localities exact.

AULOPOMA Samoensis, Rve .. . 15 | lirata, Mouss | .°. . 5,10
helicinum,Chem (Ceylon) 15 | corporosa,Gould . 10, 15 | lugubris, Pse (Type) 15

AMPOLEARIA PYRAMIDELLA lutea, Wess aver 1 OSS
Layardi, Rve . SON a eutitae sean en 25 | Navigatoria, Pfr. . . 20

CYCLOSTOMA 2 Otaheitana, Brg . . 10, 15

: cas OLIVA | :
Kraussianum, Pir.( Natal) 20 | Otaheitana, Bre. var,
guttata, Lam . oe 30 ; =)

; _ HELICINA | ; Keeveana . 10,15
tectiformis, Mouss ice) TURRICULA Raiatensis, Garr oh HOSONS
miniata, Wess. 2. 5 exasperata,Chem . 10, 15 | rosea, Brod. (” rype) sls 15

LITTORINA TEREBRA rosea, Brod. var. bicolor 15
obesa, Sby . . : 5 | affnis, Quoy . 10 | rosea, Brod, var. purpur-

_, MELANIA PARTULA ASCOUSH iy) Aas may 15
Mauiensis, Lea . . . 15,20|decussatula, Pir . . 10 | rosea. Brod. var,straminea 10, 15
Newcombi, Lea . 10,15 |dentifera, Pfr . . 19 | taeniata, Mch. (Type) 15
Graffiii,Mohss. .. . 15 |faba Mtn (Type) . 20 | taeniata, v.simulans, Pse. 5,10
Scipio, Gld 20 | faba Mtn. var. amanda 15 | taeniata, v. strolata, Pse. 10
seitula, Gld - 10,15} faba Mtn.var.subangulata — 15 | taeniata, v.unicolor, Pse. 5.10
Assaviensis, Mouss. . 5,10] formosa, Pse_ . 20 | Thalia, Garr . 19
picta, Hds ee 10 | Ganymedes, Pfr 19 | umbilicata, Ise. : 5,10
Montrouzieri, Garr. . 5, 10| Garrettil. Pse TO) livaliaeeloro cement 5
tetrica, Gld . 15,10] imperforata, Pse 10 | varia, Brod. v. glutinuosa 10
koe IA A 5G 25 | inflata, Rve 10, 15 | vexillum, Pse Io

Che Conchologsts Exchange.

Wot. sD:

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readers by the 15th of the month.

EROSION OF FRESH-WATER
SHELLS.

BY REV. WM. M. BEAUCHAMP.

(No. II.)

T may prove a mistake to suppose that the
erosion of shells is caused by the presence
of lime in the water, and I judge itis often-

er due to the emission of carbonic acid gas from
plants acting upon the lime of the shell. Se-
neca River in New York, flows fora long dis-

| tance through gypseous shales (sulphate of

lime), and its shells are but moderately eroded,
though affected by vegetable coating. In Onon-
daga and Cross Lakes, in the same formation,
living shells are rarely eroded, while dead

| shells soon become rotten in the abundant marl.
| On the other hand Beaver Lake, a shallow pond

amile from and above the level of Seneca
River, produces Unio complanatus, small and

| much eroded, and the large Anodonta fragilis
_ is often worn entirely through the beaks. The

pond has mucky shores and is filled with water
weeds. Oneida Lake, 22 miles long, shallow,
andina level country, is another case in point.
It is difficult to find a fair specimen of Unioni-
de there, and at its outlet the little Uz70 Mowr-
Eboraci is very Wadly eroded. Still further
north and ina sandy region, Salmon Creek fur-
nishes A/edantho decisus with the apex squarely
cut off, a rare thing in this part of the country.

CONCHOLOGISTS’

> EXCIIANGE

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF
MERCER CoO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued. )
15.—Uhio graniferus, Lea.

This is a deep-water shell and is rather rare.
It has been thought by some conchologists to
be identical with U7 verrucosus, Barnes, but
such is not the case. It is a thick, heavy spe-
cies and usually thickly covered with tubercles.
The nacre is either of a chocolate or copper
color and very shining. Ihave never found it
near the margin, but always near the channel
of the river; being one of those species that re-
mains very inactive and is found buried deeply
in the sand and gravel beds.

16.—Unio gibbosus, Barnes.

This is a fine species and is nowhere abun-
dant in this locality. I have never found more
than a dozen specimens in the river, but it is
more common in Pope and Edwards creeks.
It is somewhat variable; the river forms being
solid and very gibbous in outline, while the
creek forms are nearly as straight asthe U7. rec-
¢us, Lamarck, with very much thinner shells
and narrower teeth. ‘The epidermis is dark
brown, usually rayed, but very obscurely.
Nacre either copper or chocolate colored.
The beaks when perfect are coarsely granu-
lated.

17.—Un!0 gracilis, Barnes.

This is a winged or bialate shell, very thin
and fragile, but owing to the peculiar texture
of the epidermis it does not crack badly. It
is found in the river abundantly and inhabits
both shallow and deep water, and also occurs,
although very sparingly, in Pope and Edwards
creeks. Graci/is is usually finely rayed, but it
is often found devoid of rays. It is very active
in its movements and T have often found this

species with C1. Aeviss?mus in great numbers in
the river very remote from the channel, crawl-
ing around in the sand in water but a few
inches in depth. As far as my observations go
it Is Our most active species.

18.— Unio Ihgginsti, \ea.

A thick and heavy shell with a dark brown
epidermis; teeth very large; shell oblique in
outline; nacre white or salmon color. It is
found only in the river and 1s very rare, as I
never found more than a dozen specimens.
Habitat, deep water, near the channel. ‘The
young are beautifully rayed but the rays be-
come obsolete with age. It resembles e//ipsis
somewhat but differs in outline. In its teeth
and in its high, massive incurved beaks it also
resembles o7diculatus Hild., somewhat, but
diifers very materially from that species in its
outline, teeth and beaks, while it 1s very much
more inflated. ‘There is a wide difference be-
tween the sexes of this species

19.—Unio levissimus, Lea.

This remarkably fine species is found here
rather sparingly in the Mississippi River and
its sloughs and lakes. Like gracif’s it is an
alated or winged shell and although it closely
resembles gracz/is in some respects, it is a very
distinct species, At certain seasons of the
year it seems to be very active and may then
be found out on the sandbars where the water
is very swift and but a few inches in depth.
The handsomest specimens of this shell are
found in the river sloughs having a muddy
bottom, where it seems to be more abundant
than in the river.

20.— Unio hgamentinus, Lam.

‘This species attains a very great sizeand is
found here only in the river, in deep water and
is quite common. ‘There are two quite distinet
varieties, one having a white pearly nacre and
beautiful green rays when young; while the
other has a pink nacre with very dark green
rays and, when young, strongly resembles the
young of crasstdens. Professor R. E. Call in
the Bulletin of the Des Moines Academy of

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE 51

Science, page 54, says that the types of my
Unio Upsonit came from the Mississippi River
in the western border of Mercer County.
This is a’mistake as my types of Unzo Upsoniz
came from Kishawaukee River, Winnebago
County, Illinois, and I have never laid any
claims to having found this shell in Mercer
County. There are a number of Southern
species closely resembling Uxzo igamentinus.
The light-colored variety is often received
from collectors as Unio crassus, Say, but Mr.
Lea said that the true crassws of Say was an
European species.

21.— Unio luteolus, Lam.

This is a handsome and extremely variable
species and is probably the most widely dis-
tributed Uno in North America, having been |
found as far north as the Red River of the |
North, and is also reported from Texas. There
are many Southern species very closely resem-
bling /e¢eolus. It is found here in Pope and
Edwards Creeks and abundantly in the sloughs
of the Mississippi River. There seems to be
four varieties of this shell here; one variety,
found in Pope Creek, is entirely devoid of rays,
in this respect closely resembling the Southern
form, Unio stamineus, Con.; the second variety,
found in Edwards Creek, is quite flat and
beautifully rayed; the third variety, found in
the river sloughs, is very much inflated and the
male differs greatly from the female in outline,
while the fourth variety is found in the river
proper, and is very difficult to separate from
the green variety of Unio Agamentinus, Lam-
ark, as itis a thick, solid variety and very
straight on the dorsal and ventral margins.

22.— Unto lacryvmosus, Vea.
®

A fiae pustulose species found sparingly in
the river sloughs and in the small lakes on
the Bog Island, and seems to delight in the
muddy bottoms of the sloughs and _ lakes.
I.acrymosus is certainly closely allied with
asperrimus, Lea, if not identical with it. In
most cases I have found it associated with
three of our rarest species, viz: mzltiplicatus,
Mississitpiensis, and Margaritana confragosa. |

) Fare.

23.—Unio monodontus, Say.

This very rare species in any beater is
really a Margaritana, but was described as a
Unio, and io generally classed as such. It
occurs here only in the river and it certainly is
a rare occurrence to find it here at all. I have
never found one alive, but frequently find dead
shells, which is probably owing to its very
peculiar habits. I am informed that this
species is usually found in or near the channel
of the river, deeply imbedded in loose gravel
and usually sheltered by some large rock, and
seldom if ever moves unless disturbed by
some agency no. its own.

24.— Unio metanever, Raf.

A beautiful pustulose species found very
abundantly in the Mississippi river in deep
water. It is a thick, heavy shell, usually cov-
ered with very beautiful arrow-head markings,
although a variety, which we also have here,
is provided with a very dark green epidermis
and is entirely destitute of rays. It is a slug-
gish species and is found near the channel of
the river, usually embedded in the banks of
coarse gravel and sand. Years ago it occured
rarely in Edwards Creek, but is now extinct in
that stream.

To be continued.

NEW LOCALITIES.

Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange,

Sir :—A new locality, and the only one
I have found, for Union amygdalum, \.ea, is
Lake Dias, Volusia Co., Florida. Unzo oc-
cultus, Lea, 1 have found in Lake Monroe,
also, at the inlet of Lake Woodruff, but it is
S. Hart Wright, M. D..,

March 15, 1887. Lake Helen, Fla.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

List of Unionidz received during 1885 and
Cana-
dian Etomologist.—Science Observer (‘The
Proceedings of the Boston Scientific Society).

Bulletin of the Brookville (Ind.) Society of
Natural History.

Land Shells of the Hawaiian Islands,
Mr. D. D. Baldwin, from the author.

(Mostly dark colored.)
|

Lucina lintea, Con. Many Many |
be squamosus, Lam. . Several

ie noxidana) Conmmie eens Pil ire f
(Fresh.)

52 TIlE ~ CONCHOLOGISTS? ~ EXCHANGE
RECORD OF A TWO DAYS’ DREDG- SPECIES LIVING DEAD
ING CRUISE IN TAMPA | Lucina trisuleata, Con... . 2 Many
« pecten, Lam 3 Valves
BAY, FLORIDA: — | “ costata, Con Ser Many
“> ‘crenulata, Com. tee 3 5
| ’
‘ | Cardita floridana, Con... . . I :
| Cardita florid €
BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON. | (Very young.)
| Crassatella lunulata, Con Many
| (Some of these finely marked.)
(Concluded.) ' :
me Venericardia perplana, Con . Many ..
Locality; Tampa Bay, Florida, from mouth (Not found living elsewhere.)
of Manatee River to Point Pinellas, Mullet Parastarte tianetra Cou 3
Key and return. Depth, one to six fathoms. pe ihiee = Very Odd
Date, August 3d and 4th, 1885. | Pleuromeris tridentata, Say . many valves
SPECIES Woeemeen.j| Venus, = orton, Con 2s eae I
Melampus, en ede iar bs ; (The young /uleurians form. )
(Small.) Venus cancellatus, Gmel.. . . I
Ostrea virginica, Gmel. Many Many | (Small.)
(Living ones small and attached to | Venus interpurpureus, Con. . . I
other shells.) (Rare.)
Anomia glabra, Verrill . Many (ite | Venus inequivalvis, Orb... . 5
M (Not found living elsewhere.)
oF ee any
Pecten dislocatus, Say . . . . I valves | Cytherea Conradina, Dall . Many Many
Distorted. | Many finely marked with chev-
) y
: | ron lines. Several brown spe-
Plicatula ramosa, Lam . Many Many cimens.)
. |
‘Mytilus exustus, Orb .... 6 Cytherea maculata, L. ... - gine I
(Very dark colored.) ce gigantea, Chem . Many
Mytilus cubitus, Say. . Many (In shallow water.)
(All attached to shells.) Dosiniardiscus: Revels eer.ee ses “Us 2
Arca floridana, Con. Many ce tenuis, Dkr Spy Paste Znes \
i ; valves | Reeta canaliculata, Say... . ae %
ene Covered with small | Tellina brevifrons, Say .. .« I i
any : ss Souleyetiana, Recl. . Many Many
Pectunculus pectinatus, Lam. Maly aura AS mera, Hanley e Many
Nucula eborea, Con. ? hee eet Odd Semele cancellata, Orb . Many
valves | (Very many valves.)
eae muricatum, I. Many | Cummingia tellinoides,Con. . . . %
; youre) | Solecurtus divisius. Speng . . are 6
Cardium magnum, Born .. . 2 . | Corbula nasuta, Say... Many Many
(Very young.) Ib oeass Swiftiana, Ad. . Many Many
ms Ae y Wer | Rocellaria ovata, Sby I ie
Leevicardium Mortoni, Con. ip Pandora Bushiana, Dall 6 Valves

uw trilineata, Say.

175 Several
(The true Pandora trilineata af

Say. Mr. Dall has shown (Bul-
letin Mus. Comp. Zoology P.
ar2), that the New England

shell usually bearing this name
is another species.)

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS' - EXCHANGE 53

SPECIES. LIVING. DEAD. VI. Rhysotina, Ancey, “Testa solida,

Dentalium diparile, Orb Many Many | “imperforata, semi-globosa vel subdepressa,
Cerithium muscarum. Say. . 16 | “fulva absque nitore, spiraliter impressa. Spira
Trochus tampaensis, Con. . . 2 . , | “convexo-elevata vel convexo-conoidea, apice
Pleurotoma Simpsoni, Dall. N.S. 2 “Jeevigata. Anfractus modice numerosi, regu-
4 limonitella, Dall 7 “Jariter crescentes, sutura parum profunda

Cautharus coromandelinus, Lam. . I
(Old and broken but very large.)
General Results—A very large number of
bivalves both as to species and individuals,
and a great many young and small adult shells.

Columbella mercatovia was not obtained atany |

other time North of the Lower Keys.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA
OR SUBGENERA OF
HELICIDA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

(Continued from No. 5, page 20.)
» V. Bertia, Ancey. ‘Testa maxima, sinis-
“trorsa, solida, sat minute umbilicata, nitidula,
“subtus nitida flavaque, nigro late fasciata,
“superne brunnea. Spiro elevato fornicata,
“slobosa obtusissima. Anfractus sat numerosi,

“reculariter crescentes, ultimus tumidus, rotun- |

“datus. Apertura obliqua, peristoma simplex,
‘eacutum, ad umbilicum eversum.”’

Nanina Cambodgiensis, Reeve.
Indo-China.

Type.

Geog. distribution.

This very fine shell has been referred by
some authors to Rhysota and by others to Ario-
phanta, probably on account of its large size
and sinistrorse shell. It widely differs from
both. The Rhysota have a large, heavy shell,
but the characters of the aperature and umbil-
icus are quite distinct; while Ariophanta,
Desm, are furnished with a thickened peri-
stome.

|
|

“separati, ultimus rotundatus, major, subtus
“convexus et in umbilici loco depressus. Aper-
“tura substricta, peristomate obtusato, prope
“columellam obtuse lateque plus minusve
‘‘dentato.”

Types. Helix Welwitschi, Mor. and H.
hepatizon, Gould.
Geog. distribution. Island of Sao-Tome.

The present series is certainly more closely
allied to Czlatura than to any other group of
Helices. It bears no relation to the Cananan
group of Helix malleata, as suggested by
several conchologists.

VII. Sheldonia, Ancey. ‘Testa fragilis,
“imperforata, gobosa, quasi sericatula, glabra.
“Spira convexo-elevata, obtusa ; anfractus
‘“minus numerosi, rapide accrescentes, ultimus
“slobosus, antice non deflexus, maximus,margo
“columellaris tenuissimus. Peristoma simplex
“acutem.””

Types. Helix Trotteriana, Bens., H. phy-
tostylos Bens., H. Natalensis, Pfeiffer and
perhaps Cotyledonis, Bens.

Geog. distribution. South Africa.

Sheldonia resemble Cysticopis, but are ap.
parently related to rope.

VIII. Bermudia, Ancey. ‘‘Testa lenticu-
“laris, solida, oblique striata, epidermide och-
“racea induta, umbilico cylindrico preedita,
“acute carinata, circa umbilicum angulosa.
“‘Anfractus 5 regulariter crescentes, applanati,
‘ultimus non antice deflexus. Apertura

| “obliqua, peristoma simplex, acutum basi intus

‘‘albo incrassatum, margo columellaris crassus,
“cum basali angulum efilciens. Animal Zoni-
“tidarum instar.”

Type. Helix Bermudensis, Pfeiffer.

Geog. distribution. Bermuda.

RET CONCHOLOGISTS:-

EXCHANGE

IX. Atlantica, Ancey.
‘‘characteribus

“Testa externe
Heiicis rotundatce gaudens,

“supra grosse plicatula, infra levior, ad per- |
| Editor Conchologists’ Exchange:
in Polygyrella, polygyrella, Bland et |

‘““iphiream subangulata,seriebus remotis dentium
“at
“Cooper exornata “in interiore palato ultimi
‘“‘anfractus.”’

Type. Helix semiplicata, Pfeiffer.

Geog. distribution. Madeira.

X. Chrysodon, Ancey. ‘Testa tenuiuscu-
“Ja, umbilicata, nigrescens, hirsuta. Spira vix
“elevata, fere plana. Anfractus modice accres-
“centes, ultimus convexus, magnus, lateribus
“rotundatus. Apertura parum obliqua. Peri-
“stoma tenuiter incrassatum et reflexum, color-

| collected in this vicinity are as follows:

“catum, bidentatum, scilicet ; dente uno in mar- |

“gine dextro extus cicatricem impressam effor-
‘‘mante, altersque basali.”’

Type. Helix auridens, Rang.

Geog. distribution.
LGques VW.

This shell is certainly more closely allied
to Dentelaria (which it resembles in color and
texture) than to Cepolis, Monfort, as stated by
Pfeiffer.

XI. Traumatophora, Ancey. ‘Testa sat
“magna, modice solidula, depressa, umbilicata
“ubro-fulva, sub lente exiliter granulosa. Spi-
“ra subelevata; aufractus 5-6, ultimus antice
‘distincte strictus et ad aperturam obliquam
“deflexus. Apertura intus in palato dentibus
“3 parallelis et oblique sitis elongatisque extus
‘‘profunde scrobiculatis armata et constricta.

‘*Peristoma labiatum et reflexum.”’
Type. Helix triscalpta, von Martens.

Geog. distribution.
se).

Central China (Kiaing-

This very remarkable species, I think, is

Mountains of Martin- |

CORRESPONDENCE.

Sir; & )* * > ‘The eleven'speciesvof bupa
Pupa
armifera, Say; contracta, Say; pentodon, Say;
curvidens, Gould (probably fel/ucida, Pfr.) ;
fallax, Say; corticaria, Say (Vert.) Gozldi,
Binn., very rare; ovata, Say , melium, Gould;
P. edentula, Drap. (same as Vertigo simplex,
Gould), and a Vertigo unknown to me, with
from three to four small, fine teeth, and no
impression or crest outside near the aperature.
In the Fall of 1885, I found two weathered
specimens at Columbus, O., and two good
ones yesterday in drift on Tuscarawas River.
V. STERKI, M. D.,

New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Feb. 12, 1887.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange:

Sir: In the sixth number of The Conchol-
ogists’ Exchange, 1886, p. 26, Mr. Harry A.

Pilsbry, has remarked that several of the names
I proposed for some groups of Helices were
preoccupied in other departments of Natural
History. The same conchologist suggested in
the article named that Pristina, (used by my-
self) should be replaced by Axnceya.

] am very thankful to Mr. Pilsbry for naming
the group of Zonitide 1 allude to, after me,
but a remarkable clausilioid genus, found by
the celebrated French traveller, Mr. Victor
Giraud, at the southwest end of Lake Tangan-
yika, and published by my friend Mr. Bour-
guignat in 1885, was called Anceyva ; Anceyella
is also used in Conchology for a cyclostomoid
shell. I propose for Pristina Anc. (Anceya,
Pilsbry, not Bourg.), the name of Pristiloma.
I also propose tc name Cavlospira, Anc. (not
Hall), after Mr. Averell, the honorable editor
and publisher of “The Conchologists’ Ex-

| change,” Averellia,Anc.,and Peczlostola, Anc.,

very near H. augusticollis, Martens, another |

Chinese form, and the type of Stegodera, Mar-
tens. ‘The texture and color are precisely the
same,

To be continued,

after Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, P7/shx-ya, Anc.

* * * * * * *

I have just received a very interesting form
of Gastrodonta multidentata, Binney, collected
by Mrs. George Andrews in the mountains of
Eastern Tennessee. This shell which I distin-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 55

guish as variety zmdzlica7is. is characterized by
its more compressed form, less high body-
whorl, larger umbilicus and by the absence
(under a lens), of any radiating striae. The
shell under consideration is certainly not the
same as Gastrodonta significans, Bland, also
found in the same region. It is 7o¢ whitish as
is the latter, and is closer to multidentata than
to any other.

In the same set of fine shells was a magnifi-
cent specimen of Alesodon dentiferus, Binney,
of no less than 28 mill. in diameter, and of a
coarser sculpture than in the type; this fine shell
(from N. Carolina) which may be called var.
major, is probably the same as the one men-
tioned by Mr. W. G. Binney in his “Manual
of N. A. Land Shells,’ 1885, is of a darker
colour and furnished with more impressed _re-
volving lines than the northern form of the
species. CE EPAUNCENG

Feb. 1, 1887. Berrouaghia (Algiers).

NECROLOGY

The death of Professor Edward Olney,
L.L.D., of Michigan University, is reported.

Dr. J. M. Wheaton, ornithologist, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, is deceased.

M. Dubsc, the distinguished French electri-
cian, 1s reported as having died in October.

Paul Morthier, Professor of Botany at the
Academy of Neufchatel, Switzerland, has re-
cently died.

M. Chancourtis, the noted French geologist
and Professor in the School of Mines, died
suddenly in Paris at a recent date.

Professor Elie Wartmann of Geneva, Swit-
zerland, is dead.

Professor Alexander Boutlerow,
chemist, is dead at the age of 58.

Mz. Jules Bouis, an eminent French chemist,
died on the twenty-first day of October, 1885,
aged 84.

General John T. Beaulieu, F. R.S., founder
of the system of magnetic observations in In-
dia, recently died at the age of 81 years.

Russian

The death of Dr. A. Fischer, a noted Afri- |

can traveler and scientist, is reported.

OUR PREMIU M | LIST.

A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND
BRIGHT.

Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers,
and we will forward to the originator of the
club, one copy of Dr. Hays’ ‘Descriptions of
the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons,”
29 plates; or, in lieu thereof, 50 cents’ worth
of shells at List prices.

Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assist-
ant,’”’ 228 pages, will be sent post-paid for
$5.25 and the names of 15 subscribers.

Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,”
1880 edition, will be sent free for $10.50 and
the names of 30 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Con-
chology,” cheap edition, will be sent free for
$17.50, and the names of 50 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Monograph of the ‘Terrestrial
Mollusca of the United States,” plain edition,
will be sent free for $35 and the names of 100
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Shells,” 264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes,
8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150
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AND LOOK!
For $87 50 and the names of 250 sub-
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Ree one of
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mounted upon a brass tripod stand with adjust-
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Norr.—Parties desiring to secure the bene-
fits of the above truly liberal offers, must not
keep the names of subscribers together with
the subscriptions, until they have completed
their list, but should send them soon as received
and we will keep an exact account of them.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

Young Collectors’ Comer.

RECORD OF, A SHORT CoOL;
LECTING TOUR IN WHITE
HARDIN & GALLATIN
COUNTIES, ILL.

BY A. A. HINKLEY, DUBOIS, ILL.

HILE collecting last August in White
and Gallatin Counties, Illinois, the
writer found Lzthasia obovala, Say,

in abundance in the [Little Wabash and Saline
Rivers. All specimens taken were covered
with a dark ferruginous deposit which being
removed presented a dark brown or olivaceous

epidermis, many having two faint red bands on |

the body-whorl. All were decollate, from one
to four whorls remaining. The full grown
shells were usually .50 to .75 inches long and
about .40 inches wide, some unusually large
ones being over an inch long and .60 inches
wide.

At the Ford of Saline River, near Saline
Mines, the bed of the river is almost a level
layer of rock with a. abrupt fall of twelve to
eighteen inches, below which for a short dis-
tance the water is broken into small, swift
streams and shallow still places nowhere over
a foot deep, enough rock being above the wa-
ter to enable a person to explore the entire bed
ofthe stream without wading. Here the Lith-
asias were found everywhere, but most numer-
ous in the crevices at the fall, where were also
found Pleurocera, Vivipara, Melantho and
Lioplax. Goniobasis costifera, Wald., was
common in all the small streams of Hardin
County, presenting considerable variation.

VALVES.

' ber of land and fresh-water shells.

Shark River near Key East, N. J.is a very |
interesting locality for the young conchologist |

to visit.

Mrs. Mary B. A. King, of Rochester, N. Y.
is an enthusiastic collector of shells, although
in her eighty-ninth year, and received great en-
couragement from the late Isaac ILea, L.L.D.,
who named the Unios and Anodontas in her
collection upwards of forty years ago.

Professor John M. Holzinger of Winona,
Minn., writes us that The Conchological Club
of the State Normal School collected over 45
species of Univalves and 20 species of Bivalves
last season in Winona County. The Club add-
ed many interesting specimens to its cabinet.

The latest report of the Liverpool Marine

Biology Committee shows the great value of —

marine dredging. Prior to 1853, but 270 spe-
cies of marine invertebrates were known. The
Committee places on record 913 species, of
which 235 have not before been found in the
locality, 16 are new to British seas, and 7 spe—
cies and 3 varieties are new to science.

A fine chance is presented to you on page
55 of this number whereby you may secure
valuable books to aid you in collecting. A
portion of your leisure time may be very profi-
tably devoted to securing subscribers to this
your paper, and thus we will be enabled to ex-
tend our acquaintance and you will receive a
handsome reward.

Recipe for cleaning shells:—Mr. B. G. See-
bach of Peru, Ill., kindly sends the following:
Mix 5 lbs. Sal Soda in § gallons of hot water;
after the soda has dissolved let the mixture
cool, Then put the live shells to be cleaned
in tnis and leave them there for 3 or 4 days.
This softens the tissues and the fleshy portions
can be removed easily without deteriorating
the shells. The mixture may be made in
smaller quantities but in the same proportions.

Mr. F. A. Sampson, of Sedalia, Mo., made a
trip through Carroll County, Arkansas,in March,
1886, and succeeded in collecting a large num-
His visit
there and the lengthy list of shells collected,
show that Carro]l County is a locality of great
interest to the conchologist.

THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ :

EXCHANGE

The edible snail, (He/’x pomatia, J innzeus)
is used for food to suchan extent in Europe
and elsewhere that France and Italy export up-
wards of 1000 tons annually.

STRIAZZ

Evelyn College, Princeton,
sively for young women.

N. J.,is exclu-

The Linnzean Society has lately elected the
Prince of Wales to honorary membership.

Professor Angelo Heilprin is the author of a
new work upon the distribution of animal

life.

Dr. Lightfoot, the well-known Rector of
Exeter College, Oxford, is very ill and no hope
is had for his recovery.

Rev. Dr. Henry G. McCook of Philadelphia,
is delivering a course of Sunday afternoon ser-
mons on ‘The Gospel in Nature.”

It is said that Professor C. M. Woodward
stands a good chance of succeeding Dr. Eliot as
Chancellor of Washington University of St.
Louis.

Professor D. G. Brinton delivered the first of
a series of Friday evening lectures at the Acad-
emy of Natural Science, hiladelphia, on Feb-
ruary 18th. His subject was ‘The Prehistoric
World in Europe-Palzolithic Age.”

Dr. Franz Boas well known for his explora-
tions inthe regions about Baftin’s Bay and Van-
couver’s Island. has resigned his position with
the University of Berlinto assume charge of the
Geographical Department of Scvence.

EVEN Siberia does not intend to be left be-
hind in the race for improvement in science
as news lately received states that a scientific
and industrial exhibition will be held at Eka
terinburg from the twenty-seventh of May
until the tw enty-seventh of September. under
the auspices of The Uralian Society of Loy ers
of the Natural Sciences.

Exchange Column.

Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol-
Exchanges of 20 words, including address, ro
for each additional 10 words the charge will
No exchange will be inserted for less than

lows:
cents ;
be 5 cents.
to cents.

75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20
words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30
words, with privilege of change each month.

OFFERED :—Minnesota and marine shells for other
shells and minerals. Send lists. JOHN M. HOLZ-
Gee State Normal School. Winona, Minn.

WANTED :—American Journal of Conchology, seven
vols, neatly bound, in exchange for shells. JOHN
WALTON, 77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y.

OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and
exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra-
nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United
States and foreign countries, FELIX ANCEY, 34
sets de Hee tele France.

WANTED aaecen fossils named and localized in
exchange for others. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering,
road, Upper Clapton, an

OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and
Davies’ ‘Egg Check List’ in exchange for books on
Conchology; send title and state the condition of your
book and I will send you list of the shells. A. A.
HINKLEY, Du Bois, II].

WANTED :—American correspondents interested in
the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo,
etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex-
change. V. STERKI, M. D., New trie ee O.

WANTED:—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus; Unio.
Say’s American Conchology: Gould’s Invertebrata of
Mass: Kiener’s plates of Shells: Carpenter’s works:
Tryon’s Monog. Terr, Moll. of U. S., Sowerby’s
Conch. Manual and Plates for offers in works on Con-
chology.

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern State
and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, ard 60 pound
of Miaerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agate
rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper
Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia

Address, W. D. AVERELL,
Chestnut Hill.

Phila.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

FilN= Seek. Penton.

It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order

you will receive the book value of your money.

Now, while

we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty

desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu-

tation.
tion for anybody.

These books will establish a reputa-

Sold only for Cash.

figs The highest reference given if desired. gq

Kirby and Spence. An _ Introduction
to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural
History of Insects. With Plates; by Wm.
Kirby and Wm. Spence; 4th edtn; 4vols.

half morocco; London, 1822. Price $18—
Regular price $20.
D’Orbigny, Charles M. Dictionaire

Universal D’ Histoire Naturelle, Dirige Par
M. Charles D’Orbigny ;_ 15 vols.— 12 vols.
of text and 3 vols. of plates. half morocco ;
Paris, 1849. Price $70, Regular price $75.

Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos-
sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol -
ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264

original plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo;_ half
morocco. London (N. D.). Price $15.
Regular price $17.50.

Stephens, James and Francis. I)-

lustrations of British Entomology ; or, a
Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing
their generic and specific distinctions. »*Em-
bellished with colored figures of the rarer
and more interesting species. 12 volumes;
half roan. London, 1828. Price $50.
Regular price $55.

Lowe, E. T. Ferns, British and Exotic, 8
vols.; New and Rare Ferns, 1 vol.; British
Grasses, I vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, ¥

vol.; Illustrated with beautiful plates in
colors. ‘Together 11 vols., royal 8 vo; half
levant-morocco; extra gilt tops. London
1872 Price $95. Regular price $100.

| Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with
Appendix by Ralph ‘Tate. 642 pp: 23
plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Lon-
don, 1880 edition. Price $2.50 post-paid.
Formerly $2.60.

The same, 1875 edtn, $2 post-paid.

Drury. D. Exotic Entomology. Illustra-
tions of, wherein are exhibited upwards of
600 insects of the East and West Indies,
China, New Holland, North and South

| America, Germany, etc., very few of which

are figured in any other work. New edition

with additions and Scientific Indexes by J.

O. Westwood. 150 plates beautifully color-

ed. 3 vols., 4to. Half morocco, uncut.

London 1837. Price $25.

“This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete
insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to
} be desired.’’-Sir James E. Smith.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’

- EXCHANGE

Gould, John. A ae, of Birds from

| Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica ;
or, Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interest-
ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London
1845. Price $27.50. Regular price $30.

The Standard Natural History, by

the Himalaya Mountains. Folio; half mo- |
rocco, (Scarce.) Price $70. Regular price |
$75.

Lowe, E.'T. Beautiful Leaved Plants.

Being a description of the most beautiful |

leaved plants in cultivation in this country. |

With 60 colored illustrations. 8-vo. Half
morocco; extra gilt tops. London

Price $10. Regular price $12.

Tryon, Geo.W. Jr. Structural and Sys-
tematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of
Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol-
ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled.
Circulars sent on application.

SpEecIAL Norice:-A few second hand copies
of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con-
chology for sale at $5.00—Cash.

1861. |

the Leading American Authorities. Edited
by Elliot Coues, M. D. and T. S. Kingsley.
Parts 1 to 38, complete, nearly new, mostly
uncut. Price for the lot $12.

Note: This great work is now being publish-
ed and the above is a rare chance to secure
the first 38 parts. Sixty parts in all will be
issued, making when complete one of the
most accurate and highly illustrated contri-
butions to Science ever published.

The American Naturalist. Odd copies
for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep-
tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July
to December; Vol. XV Il, January, May to
December; Vol. XVIII, January and Feb-
ruary ; Index to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and
25 cents each.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE,
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, EBs U.S.A.

Gers sent to oe Offic of The

Conchologists ee Chestnut

CATAL OGUE Ske

_ MOUNTING CARDS .

ESTIMATES CHEERF

MERMAID AVENUE
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PHILADELPHIA

LABELS

OL LV GLI LST

Alphabetical Price-List of Shells.

RECEIVED SINCE THE ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 8.

TeRms:—Cash with order. Express charges to be borne by pur-
chasers in all cases.

NotE:—A Discount of Io per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will
be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.”
This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,” and all subse-
quent Lists until further notice. Mames by Prof.Tryon, localities exact.

60 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE
.

| |
UNIVALVES. | REGISTOMA. elegans,Lea. . . . 10
)grande, Gray .. . 15 foliatus;sHlald (2) 3) 5 Srsitomny
AULOPOMA. multiplicatus, Lea . 20, 25
helicinum, Chem . 15, 20 STROMBUS. Shepardidianus, Lea 25
plicatus, Lam on sulcatus, Lea tus JLOM EADS
CANTHARUS. vittatus, Tae, | Ppl] Pleilemns ees acs ae
fumosum, Willw. . To.) U5\|eibberulusqmle.. ©: =) y i155)" -20)|peecenew eae a 3
olivarius (o. v.) India 15
| | umbrosus, Lea (Mexico) 20
| ; ,
a | TROCHUS. | mytiloides. Raf... . 20, 30
Artensis Montr. } |maculatus, L. . . . 15, 20/spinosus, Lea . . . 50to2 00
(New Caledonia) 15 |
| |
| TURBO. |
LITTORINA lier 5 4 ; | IRIDENA.
Z | Ticaonicus, Kiener. 20, 25 | j ,
trochoides, Gray. . 5 | /rubens, Lam (River Nile) I 00
MELONGENA. | |
galeodes, Lam 20 | ELS ENDS fetereae
mi ee brOt a, © . | |truncatus, Schum . 50, 75
MITROIDEA. | oe |
multiplicata, Pse. . 5Geil| CEES, SORE ba is MARGARITANA.
|} camptodon, Say. . . 25, 20| ie a
| caTlosuS, Say . =: = . 15 margaritifera, L.. . Io
; OMEHALOTROPS: conutus, Barnes . . 10 | ochraceus,Say.. . 10
variabilis, Pse.. . 3| crassidens, Lam .. 10, 15|rugosa,Barnes. . . I5, 20
| corrugatus, Lea (o. v.) India 15 | confragosa, Say . . 20
POTAMOPYRGUS. | ceeruleus, Lea (o v.) India 15 | undulata, Say . . . 15

corolla, (Gld7 7 * ‘siPellipsislbeate ly. IO! marginata, Say . . 15,020

Che Conchologsts Fxchanee.

VoL. I.
A Publication Designed for Conchologists and
Scientists generally.

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wei: DD. AVERELL,

Epvitor ano PustisHer.

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Address all correspondence to
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REDUCTION IN ADVERTISING RATES.

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OUR attention is directed to the extracts
from many letters received testifying to
the value of “The Conchologists’ Ex-

change,” which we have published in this
number. Our circulation is slowly but surely
extending to all foreign countries, which will
bring our readers eventually into communica-

tion with collectors located in all the desirable |

collecting grounds of the world.

It remains |

for you to use this paper, not only for the pur-
pose of advertising duplicates, but also as a
medium for recording your own discoveries,
for be they ever so humble, they will be ac-
ceptable so long as they reach our require-
ments; 1. e. Exactness and Originality.

AVE you duplicates for exchange? If
H so, do not wait for them to accumulate
but advertise them in ‘The Con-
chologists’ Exchange.”’ One of our sub-
scribers added nearly four hundred species
to his cabinet through one advertisement cost-
ing him ¢ez cents. What a rate of interest on
the investment is this! Others succeeded as
well and even better in the exchange of books,
scientific instruments, fossils, &c., to all of
which our columns are open.

EIST,, OF | iICONTRIBUTORS: “10
“THE CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.”
Ancey, C. F.
Beauchamp, Rev. W. M.
3rown, Dr. J. J.
Ford, John.
Henshall, Mrs. H. F.
Hinkley, A. A.
Holzinger, Prof. J. M.
Marsh, Wm. A.
Rogers, Thomas.
Sterki, Dr. V.
Simpson, Charles T.
Singley, J. A.
Trombley, Jerome.

Walker, Bryant.
Wright, Dr. S. H. :

62 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’

- EXCHANGE

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF
MERCER CoO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued. )

25.—Unio multiplicatus, Lea.

A very rare plicate species found in the
sloughs of the Mississippi River and in the lakes
of the Bog Island. No more than a dozen speci-
mens of this shell have been found within the
boundary lines of this county to my knowledge.
Those found here seem to be more inflated than
those collected in Tennessee and Ohio streams.
The species attains a large size.

26.—Unio Mississippiensis, Conrad.

A rare shell of the Masutus group. Sup-
posed to be identical with (220 swbrostratus,
Say, but a much larger shell. It is a rare
species, found in the sloughs of the Mississippi
River. I have never found it in the river.
seems to avoid running water, being found
where the mud is quite deep.

27.—Unto occidens, Vea.

This is the female of Unio subovatus, Lea,
and belongs to a natural group of some of the
finest of our American species including szd-
ovatus, ovatus, capax, ventricosus, ochraceus,
Canadensis, excavatus, lineatus, satur, perdix,
dolabreformis, cartosus, etc. Its nearest con-
gener here is vestrvicosus, Barnes.
our small
ago, quite abundant, but is now rarely found.
Occidens is a very inflated shell having few

rays, many specimens being devoid of them -

altogether. The nacre is white, sometimes

It |

It inhabits |

streams only, where it was, years cially when young),the folds are very obscure.

pearly; the teeth are large and the shell some- |

limes attains an immense size. It seems to
delight in muddy bottoms. The time is not
far distant when this shell will be entirely
extinct here, as will be the case with all our
Uniones which make the creeks their sole hab-
itation.

28,.— Unio pustulosus, Lea.

This, as the name implies,
species; subrotund in outline, and may be
distinguished from other
group by its greenish color over the umbones.
It is found only in the river and is a ceep-
water species, being found usually half buried
in the beds of sand and gravel. It is some-
times thickly covered with pustules, while other
specimens are nearly smooth. The nacre is
usually white and pearly, but I have found a
few having a slight pinkish tinge. It is very
abundant here.

29.— Unio pustulatus, Lea.

A very fine pustulate species, with a dark

is a pustulose —

members of this |

brown or chestnut colored epidermis, easily —

separated from pzstulosus by its fewer and

larger nodules and its dark, concentric lines of —
It is a river shell with habits very ©

growth.
similar to pustudosus. 1 find that it is very rare
here, having found not more than a dozen
specimens during the many years of my col-
lecting.

j30.— Unio plicatus, Leseuer.

This plicate shell is found abundantly in the
river, its sloughs and in the lakes of the Bog
Island, preferring muddy bottoms, where it
attains an immense size. I[t has a dark brown
epidermis, but is quite variable in its interior.
Some have a chalky white nacre; some are
shining and iridescent, others have a dull, sal-
mon-colored nacre, while many are tinged
with purple all around the margin of the shell.
The young of this species are very globose and
much inflated. On some specimens (espe-

37.— Unto parvus, Barnes.

This little species is found quite commonly
in every portion of our county where there is
water having a muddy bottom. It has a very
dark brown epidermis, rough and striate with

| beautiful undulations on its beaks, and a bluish

white nacre. Atcertain seasons it is very active,

and és the first species to claim the attention of

the collector in early spring.

|
;

32.— Unio pressus, Lea.

An inhabitant of Pope and Edwards Creeks
where it is found very rarely. It seems to have
habits very similar to Unio spatulatus, being
found in localities where iron ore is abundant,
and is found buried in piles of loose stone and
gravel. As found here it is always beautifully
rayed.

33-— Unio rectus, Lam.

This fine species inhabits the deep water of
the Mississippi and is seldom found near the
margin. It is a smooth, wide species and in
many respects resembles gzdéosus, but it is very
distinct from that species as the undulations
on its beaks are not so coarsely granular, it has
a smoother epidermis, it; is more beautifully
rayed and is generally much straighter on both
its dorsal and ventral margins. The male
differs greatly from the female in outline.
Some specimens have a pink nacre, others are
white inside, while most of those found here
are of a pale pink color in the beak cavity
gradually fading to a pale rose color towards
the anterior and posterior portions of the shell.
The species often attains an immense size and
is found in the Mississippi River and all
streams emptying into it, from Minnesota to
Arkansas.

To be continued.

PLANORBIS DILATATUS, GOULD,
IN ENGLAND.

BY THOMAS ROGERS, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

During the Summer of 1869,1 found a
Planorbis in one of the canals near Man-
chester which, after some investigation, was
determined by Dr Gwyn Jeffreys as the P/an-
orbis dilatatus,” Gould. Shortly after this
discovery I found it again in another canal on
the opposite side of the city, some five miles
apart. The conditions under which it was
found were similar in every respect, viz: near
a cotton mill, where the refuse from the blow-
ing room (cotton cleaning), was blown over
and about the canal and where, in close con-
tiguity, the warm water from the condensing

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 63

engines ran into the canal and raised the tem-
perature of the water a great many degrees
higher than the other parts of the canal. From
the foregoing facts Dr.Jefireys and 1 concluded
that the species had been introduced from
America with the cotton used at some period
by the mills. And I further surmised that the
introduction had been made during the English

| cotton famine brought about by the war be-
| tween the North and the South when cotton

played a considerable part in the transactions
of that severe struggle and when Lancashire
people were glad to get it in any condition,
wet or dry, blockade-run or otherwise.

Coming to this conclusion in reference to its
introduction in England, Dr. Jeffreys wrote
about that time to Mr. John G, Anthony, the
eminent American conchologist, who said that
he did not think that Plaenorbis dilatatus,Gould,
occurred in any of the cotton growing states,
and that in his opinion it was essentially a cold
water species. He also said that the species
had been described from specimens collected
in a pond near Cincinnati, Ohio, and named
by Mr. Lea as P. /ems, but as that name was
subsequently found pre-occupied by a fossil
species, it was named by Dr. Gould as Plan-
orbis diatatus. In a subsequent letter to Dr.
Jeffreys, dated December, 1869, Mr Anthony
said that he had written to Mr. Lea and other

_ conchologists for further information as to
| localities where it was found.

During the year 1871, Dr. Jeffreys paid a

_ visit to America and brought home to England

two specimens of the P/axorbis, one of which
he sent tome. This lack of specimens which
he brought, and their absence from the col-
lections of American shells in England, have
led me to suppose that the species is some-
what rare in the United States, and it has
occurred to me that some further information
might be acquired through the pages of your
excellent ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange”’ and that
it might be interesting to your American
readers to find out or record the distribution
of this species, its habitats and its relative
scarcity or abundance, and whether it would
be likely to have attached itself to submerged
cotton when used for defensive purposes during

| the war before mentioned.

THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA
OR SUBGENERA OF
HELICIDA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

(Continued.)

XII. Mdllendorfia, Ancey. ‘Testa medi-
“ocris, solidula, convexo-depresso, aperti um-
‘bilicata, griseo vel nigro-vinosa, haud nitens,
“seriebus, verrucarum eximie pustulata. An-
“fractus 5, ultimus antice plerumque breviter
“solutus et perdeflexus, rotundatus, infra con-
‘vexus. Apertura obliqua, ringens, alba, extus
“scrobiculata. Peristoma reflexum, album.”

Types. Helix trisinuata, Mart.; H. Hen-
saniensis, Gredler; H. Eastakeana, Mdllen-
dorff.

Geog. distribution: Central and Southern
China (Valley of the Yang-tse-Kiang); Ton-
kin.

Some of these shells have been referred to |

Cepolis by Pfeiffer, while Gredler put his Hen-
saniensis in Polygyra,a strictly North American
genus! ‘They are a very distinct group, with
a singular sculptute and peculiar features.

XIII. Trichelix, Ancey. ‘Testa medio-
‘cris staturze, tenuiuscula, pilis rigidis horrida,
“corneo-fulva, umbilicata. Spira concava;
“anfractus regulariter crescentes, ultimus maxi-
“mus, turgidus, antice deflexus,
“obliqua, extus scrobiculata, dentata.
“toma labiatum et reflexum.”’

Type. Helix horrida, Pfeiffer.

Geog. distribution: Mountains of Laos.

XIV. Entodina, Ancey. “Testa parvula,

“compressa, orbicularis, subtenuis, striata, flav- |

“ula, parum nitens, late et perspective umbili-
“cata,

Apertura |
Peris- |

_ paucispirata,

_ “subexpanso preedita.

Anfractus regulariter crescentes nec |

“artispirati, ultimus depressus, antice deflexus. |
* Apertura obliqua, breviter soluta, dentibus 4 |

‘‘profunde in palato sitis armata; peristoma

“breviter expansum, continuum, in callo mar-
“gines jungente tuberculo prominulo instruc-
“tum.”

Type. Helex Reyrei, Sowerby.
Geog. distribution: Pacific coast (Ecuador).

This singular little shell has very striking
characters. It cannot be collocated in Poly-
gyra or Systrophia.

XV. Tetrodcntina, Ancey. ‘Testa sub-
“elobosa, solida, cretacea, plerumque unifas-
“ciata, umbilico sat parvo cylindrico proedita
‘‘Anfractus 5-7 arcte convoluti, spiram subcon-
“icam apice obtusam formantes, ultimus altus,
“‘tumidus, rotundatus, antice non deflexus.

| “Apertura minus obliqua intus dentibus 4 mu-

“nita, scilicet: 2 in pariete duobusque in inter-
“‘iore marginis basalis albo incrassati leviterque
“‘expansiusculi.”’

Types. Helix Yantaiensis, tetrodon and

Houaiensis.

Geog. distribution:
ho (North China).
Loss.

Valley of the Hoang-
It is found fossil in the

XVI. Rhyssotopsis, Ancey. ‘Testa similis
“characteribus plerisque RKhysota, Albers, sed
“multo minor typicis speciebus, fragilior, fusca
“et spiraliter tenuiter striatula.”’

Type. Helix Haughtoni, Benson.
Geog. distribution: Andaman Islands.

XVII. Ophiospila, Ancey. ‘Testa affinis
“gen. Solaropsidi, sed multo minor, cicatrice
“semper destituta, haud angulata, plerumque
tenuis, tenuissime granulata,
‘fascus interruptis exiguis signata et peristo-
“mate sinuato, haud reflexo.vix ad columellam
A Psadara differt testa
‘‘minore, tenuius granulata, haud hirsuta, spira
“convexiuscula et aperturee characteribus.”’

Types. Helix Kuhni, Pfeiffer; H. andicola

Pfeiffer: H. catenifera, etc.
Geog. distribution: Guyana. Columbia.

To be Continued.

DHE CONCHOLOGISTS”:

EXCHANGE 65

NEW LOCALITIES.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange :

Sir: Please report the following new local- |
ities: |

Triton Swifti, Tryon. Reported in Tryon’s
Manual only from Isle of Antigua, W. I., on
authority of R. Swift. Several fine specimens
of this shell were received from Miss Annie
Peniston, collected in the Bermudas.

Carychium exiguum, Say, was found by the
writer in a wet hummock near Palma Sola,
Florida. Not hitherto reported from the
States, I believe.

Succinea lineata, W. G. B., is abundant in
this vicinity in pools of alkali water, near the
South Platte River, in early Spring.

Cuas. T. SIMPSON,
Ogalalla, Neb.

April 9, 1887.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange:

Sir: Mr. E. P. Sampson, of Saco, Maine, |
has found specimens of Pholas truncata, Say.
at Scarboro, Maine. It has been said never to
have been found North of Cape Cod, before.
Epw. W. Roper,

Revere, Mass.

April 10, 1887.

° STRIA.

Professor Francis M. Burdick formerly of |
Hamilton College, has joined the Cornell
faculty.

Professor Mobius of Kiel has become the
Director of the Zoological Museum at Berlin.

Professors Hadley, Farnum and Ripley of
Yale expect to make a pedestrian tour of
Switzerland in June.

Rey. Dr Charles H. Seymour, an alumnus
of Trinity College, Hartford, has been elected
President of Griswold College, Davenport Iowa. |

Professor Young of Princeton, will accom- |

pany a party of Russian and English astron-
omers who will observe the, total eclipse of the ,
sun in August next in Kireshama, Russia.

In the British Museum, books on Natural
history are bound in green, historical works in
red, theological in blue, and poetical works in
yellow.

John A. Ryder, Professor of Comparative
Embryology in the University of Pennsylvania,
has brought the artificial propagation of the
oyster to such perfection that its success seems
to be assured.

Dr. Albert Kellogg whose death is announced
in another column, was the associate of Audu-
bon, in Texas, as well as the botanist of the
first Government expedition to Alaska after its
purchase.

The French Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, aided by some of the Parisian
Medical Societies, have purchased a building
in Paris which they will convert into a house
for scientific societies.

SUCCINEA LINEATA. W. G. B., IN

NEBRASKA.

RY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.

| | NDER the head of ‘‘New Localities” this

shell is mentioned as having been found
in alkaline pools near the South Platte

| River in early spring, and I should like to add
| that it matures rapidly, attains its full size and

dries before the heat and dry weather of summer
comes on. It is found abundantly scattered
over the prairies in a worn condition and also
in stratified soil to the depth of a hundred
feet, semi-fossil. I have collected it in a fresh
condition under rocks and upon hills in the
dryest localities. Mr. Binney described it
from dead, faded specimens. and hence he
could not be certain about the color. In text-
ure the shell is much like Succinea campestris,
Say, rather solid, and is covered with a coarse,
yellowish epidermis which soon loosens on
exposure after the animal dies.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

(ED SSE A

NECROLOGY

Prof. E. L. Youmans, January 11 1887.

Rudolph von Uechritz, botanist, died No-
vember 21, 1886.

Dr.S. A. T. Tuelberg. Scandinavian botanist,
died December 15, 1886.

Don Francisco Loscos y Bernal, Spanish
scientist, died Nov. 1886, aged 63.

The death of Dr. Albert Kellogg, a distin-
guished Californian botanist, at Alameda,
California, is announced.

Current Comment.

FROM OUR FRIENDS TESTIFYING TO THE
VALUE OF THE CONCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE.”

‘Cannot afford to miss a single number.”

* * Now that your paper is assuming such
proportions, not only in size but in the articles pub-
lished, I cannot afford to miss a single number, nora
single item. John Walton, Rochester, N. Y.

‘Much interested.”’

* * I do not wish to lose a copy, for I am
much interested in the Paper. E. J. Smith,
Natick, Mass.

“Solid and valuable.’”

* * Allow me to congratulate you on the
present number of ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.”
It is a solid, valuable number. Chas. T. Simpson,

May 4, 1887. Ogalalla, Neb.

“Very valuable.”

I acknowledge receipt of Nos. 5 and 6 of a very val-
uable publication styled ‘The Conchologists’ Ex-
change,’’ the perusal of which has proved so interesting
to me that I should like to possess all the numbers from
the beginning, and to become a regular subscriber for
the future. Henry Vendryes, Kingston, Jamaica.

‘‘Worth the money.”’

Enclosed please find my subscription for ‘‘The Con-
chologists’ Exchange.’’ I think it worth the money.
J. W. Velie, M. D.,

Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Til.

| attention to our premium list upon another page.

such a paper.

“Tt will prove of much benefit to conchologists.”’

Iam much pleased with the appearance of your —
paper and I thing it will prove of much benefit to con-
chologists. George W. Michael, Jr., Morro, Cal,

“Quite efficacious.”’

Your ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’ is proving quite
efficacious. I have already made several exchanges —
and have received many letters from persons all over
the United States, asking for shells. I would not be
surprised if you had struck on a plan that would even-
tually be of much benefit to conchologists.

Wm. A. Marsh, Aledo, Ills.

“Promises to become a valuable publication.’

Allow me to thank you for your kindness in sending
to me the first numbers of ‘‘The Conchologists’ Ex-
change.’’ It promises to becomea valuable publication —
for persons interested in the Mollusca.

Charles Prosser, Instructor,

Ithaca, N. Y. Cornell University.

“*A perpetual surprise.”’

The little exchange notice you inserted for me has
been the means of adding several hundred species to -
my cabinet. ‘*The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ is a
perpetual surprise. I could not get along without it. T
aim to put the sample copies you send where they will —
do good. George W. Puterbaugh, Greenfield, Ind.

“‘An admirable publication.’

I return you my thanks for the specimen copies of —
“The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ which is an admirable >
publication. J. Matthew Jones,

Halifax, Nova Scotia. ©

“‘Convenient.’””

I like your convenient ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’’
very much. Enclosed please find subscription com-
mencing with Vol. I. Wm. Sutton,

San Francisco, Cal.

“Wants an enlargement.”’

The collectors will soon demand an enlargement of
your convenient publication. H. A. Pilsbry,
Sept. 23, 1886. Davenport Acad. of Sciences, Iowa.

[ They have it—Ep. May, 1887.]

‘‘We have needed just such a paper.’

I have just returned home and found your bright
little ““Exchange’’ awaiting me. We have needed just
! J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex.

{The above are a few extracts from several score of

| similar letters, showing the esteem in which we are held.

We wish to increase our subscription list very largely
and would thank our subscribers to see that all their
friends subscribe as well, and would again invite their
Ep. ]

THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

67.

Young Collectors’ Comer.

HOW TO COLLECT SMALL LAND
SHELLS.

BY V. STERKI, M. D., NEW PHILADELPHIA, O.

T is well known that many small land shells
are found under and in decaying wood,
stumps, logs, and under loose bark, etc.,

and in such localities they may be picked up
by hand or with the aid of a knife’s point or
a pair of pincers. Especially during late
autumn, open weather in winter, and early
spring, these little species can be found in
great numbers in their winter quarters, as well
as the larger varieties. But it may not be gen-
erally known that almost all of them like
animal matter for food. The fact that they
have been found accidentally in considerable
numbers in skulls, etc., makes it advisable to
place large pieces of bone with open cavities,
such as the head of a sheep (which may be

obtained from any butcher), at suitable locali- |

ties, well secured by heavy stones, logs, or wire
against rapacious animals, thus forming traps,
as it were, to be visited from time to time for
the small Ayalnas, Pupas, etc., living upon
and inthem. Pieces of wood covered with
lard will answer the same purpose.

In collecting shells never fail to look for
them under plants with broad or numerous

Carefully gather moss in patches from rocks
together with the grass and dead leaves with
the same, and especially the layer of decaying
moss under these latter, by hand, or better,

| with a small rake provided with strong, close-

ly-set teeth, and place it upon a large piece of
strong paper, or cloth about the size of a bed
sheet, the corners of which are provided with
loops to be fastened to the ground by pegs to
prevent removal by the wind. If time allows
let the moss get dry, then shake and rub it
gently, removing the coarser parts; for this
purpose a sieve will do excellent service. The
remaining fine parts, “rubbish” (?) should be
placed in a collecting bag and carried home to
be treated in the way indicated for ‘ Drift,” in
No. 8 of ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.”
During journeys, when time is limited, this is
the best method to adopt. The dust under
loose bark should be brushed down from both
sides ; the finer parts about plants should be
gathered up and the examination continued

| afterwards at home.

Shady or moist hillsides, where short grass
grows mixed with moss, are desirable places,
and collecting is best done in the described
manner at any time in the year, if the weather
is open. Where there are rocks, sweep them
with a strong brush in a suitable receptacle,
such as a pasteboard box (I have used an old
umbrella for the purpose); do the same with

| trees, upon which you may find the smallest
| species clinging, taking care to examine the

| bases of rocks as well.

leaves spread on the ground and about the |

roots.
of Iris, standing on a dry gravelly bank, I
collected in a half hour’s time, more than 200
Pupa armifera, Say, besides some Pupa

A few weeks since upon a single stalk |

contracta, Say, Pupa pentodon, Say, Pupa |
| ing the mollosks devouring it.*

curvidens, Gld. (a peculiar, slender form),
Pupa fallax, Say, and Hyalina minuscula,
Binney, a part of them, of course, being
weathered and poor.

One of the best ways and perhaps the most
expedient, isthe following, used by me for
years in both Europe and America:

Care must be taken to
add to the gathered moss 77% each instance. a
label of strong paper or parchment indicating
the locality of collecting and its natural fea-
tures, kind of soil, grade of moisture or dry-
ness, state of vegetation, and the date of col-
lecting. When collecting in mountainous
region, the height above sea level should be
mentioned. The labels should be previously
impregnated with salt or anything else prevent-

Many small species, living in moist places

have to be looked for along the banks and at

*We would suggest a square, tin label, with clipped
corners, upon which the inscription may be written with

a penknife,—Ep.

the very edge of waterways of all kinds.
Some of them like to ascend reed-grass, etc.

Such specimens should be collected by gently |

bending the reed over an inverted umbrella.
and then striking it with a stick.

These few hints may seem wholly or par-
tially unnecessary to an experienced collector,

but I think they will be of some value to our |

young friends. If you will allow me, Mr.
Editor, I shall add in the next issue, a few
words concerning the treatment of the shells.

VALVES.

Professor Josiah Keep, in his popular little
work, “California Shells,’ gives the following
directions for preserving Chitons: ‘Chitons
are hard to preserve in proper shape; it may
be done, howeyer, by tying them flat to a
shingle with candle wicking,and placing them
in fresh water. After they are dead and the
muscular mantle has lost its contractile power,
they must be loosened from the shingle and
the viscera removed with a sharp knife.

If you have shells, books, scientific iustru- |

ments or natural history specimens to exchange,
use the columns of “The Conchologists’ Ex-
change,”’ and you will dispose of them.

We have collected many specimens of JZar-
gartana from the large timber rafts on the
Susquehanna River during the summer weather;
and you may do likewise.

Nore.—Our exchangers have secured from
50 to 400 new species by means of ove adver-
tisement. ‘Try printer’s ink and be convinced.

Mention is make in Woodward’s Manual of
the Mollusca, of a Helix hortensts which got
entangled in a nut-shell when young, and
growing too large to escape, had to endvre the
incumbus to the end of its days.

Should you desire to secure a premium from
the fine list we offer, we will send you a blank
for the names of ‘*New Subscuaibers,’’? upon
application.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’: EXCHANGE

The 15th annual report of ‘The Zoological
Society of Philadelphia” was submitted at the
meeting held April 28th. Itshows a member-
ship of 529 and earnestly requests the names of
new members. Donations to the permanent
fund may be sent to Mr. Jos. R. McElroy, 205
South 6th St., Philadelphia.

From numerous letters received we infer
that many are collecting solely for the sake of
possession. While it is of course desirable
that each collection be complete as possible,
collecting in this way is like an ignorant man
buying books—he may admire rich binding
and have sufficient artistic sense to appreciate
harmonizing colors, but he cannot derive in-
tellectual enjoyment therefrom. So in collect-

| ing, unless the young student carefully investi-

gates the character and habits of each little
specimen, his collection can never be anything
more than a toy, beautiful perhaps, but lacking
that broad educational power that individual
investigation alone will bring.

Very satisfactory results have been obtained
by some collectors of shells in studying certain
genera, and after an apparent limit has been
reached, in turning their attention to others.

| Such a course does not result in a general
| knowledge of Conchology, which is far more

desirable, but has a tendency to make its fol-
lowers authorities on the groups studied. In
certain localities no better result can be ob-
tained owing to geographical features, but all
things being equal, it is better for the young
to have a good general conchological education

| than to confine their attention to a_ single

branch of the study and to fail through lack.
of material. Just here is where our paper
helps to bring you into communication with
the rest of the shell world and is a useful
medium for you to trade ideas as wellas shells.
Do not hesitate to use 1t. We wish our young

_ friends to feel they own a share in this Corner

of our paper, and while we cannot promise
to publish all we receive, every communication

_ will have our careful personal consideration

and we will endeavor to make room at least
for extracts from those displaying most careful
and original investigation.

THE »- CONCHOLOGISTS’ . EXCHANGE

Gexchange Column.

Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol-

lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 |
cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will |

be 5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than

To cents.

75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20
words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30
words, with privilege of change each month.

OFFERED:—American Journal of Conchology,seven
vols. neatly bound, in exchange for shells.
A large fresh lot of Uniones, nasutus, complanatus
and luteolus: also, a few Melantho decisa, all in excel-
lent condition, to exchange for other fresh-water shells

of the South and West. JOHN WALTON, 77 Arcade,

Rochester, N. Y.

OFFERED: —Tellina radiata, Paludina integra,

Strombus gigas, Modiola plicatula, Mytilus edulis,Crep- |

idula unguiformis, Levicardium serratum, Columbella
mercatoria, Limnzea elodes, for land and fresh-water
shells. WM. WEEKS, Jr., 508 Willoughby Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

OFFERED :—Minnesota and marine shells for other
shells and minerals. Send lists. JOHN M. HOLZ-
INGER, State Normal School. Winona, Minn.

OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and

nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United
States and foreign countries. FELIX ANCEY, 34
Montie de Lodi, Marseilles, France.

WANTED :—Focene fossils named and localized in
exchange for others. G. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering,
road, Upper Clapton, Eng.

OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and
Davies’ ‘“‘Egg Check List’’ in exchange for books on
Conchology; send title and state the condition of your
book and I will send you list of the shells. A. A.
HINKLEY, Du Bois, Ill.

WANTED :—American correspondents interested in
the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo,
etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex-

TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern State
and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, and 100 pounds
of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agate
rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper
Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for
strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South
and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

: Address,W. D. AVERELL,

change. WV. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O. |

Chestnut Hill, Phila. |

OUR PREMIUM LIST’

A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND
BRIGHT.

Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers,
and we will forward to the originator of the
club, one copy of Dr. Hays’ ‘Descriptions of
the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons,”
29 plates; or, in heu thereof, 50 cents’ worth
of shells at List prices.

Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assist-
ant,” 228 pages, will be sent post-paid for
$5.25 and the names of 15 subscribers.

Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,”
1880 edition, will be sent free for $10.50 and
the names of 30 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Con-
chology,”’ cheap edition, will be sent free for
$17.50, and the names of 50 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Monograph of the Terrestrial
Mollusca of the United States,” plain edition,
will be sent free for $35 and the names of 100

: : | subscribers.
exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra- |

Sowerby’s “Genera of Recent and Fossil
Shells,” 264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes,
8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150
subscribers.

AND LOOK!

For $87.50 and the names of 250 sub-
—i@™ scribers, we will send, express prepaid,
Bes one of

Queon’s Educational Microscopes.
mounted upon a brass tripod stand with adjust-
able eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm
complete. A fine chance for an active worker.

A COMMISSION of 25 per cent.in CASH
will be paid in lieu of the above premiums.

Notrt.—Parties desiring to secure the bene-
fits of tha above truly liberal offers, must not
keep the names of subscribers together with
the subscriptions, until they have completed
their list, but should send them soon as received

and we will keep an exact account of them.
>.

ot 7)

70 THE + CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

ces ee eee = = = ee — + }

FINE BOOKS FoR esr =

ar sw ee ee

It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order
you will receive the book value of your money. Now, while
we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty
desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu-
tation. These books will establish a reputa-
tion for anybody. Sold only for Cash.

Keg The highest reference given if desired. aq

Kirby and Spence. An Introduction | Lowe, HE. T. Ferns, British and Exotic, §

to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural | vols.; New and Rare Ferns, 1 vol.; British
History of Insects. With Plates; by Wm. | Grasses, I vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, 1
Kirby and Wm. Spence; 4th edtn; qvols. | vol.; Illustrated with beautiful plates in
half morocco; London, 1822. Price $18— | colors. Together 11 vols., royal 8 vo; half
Regular price $20. Jevant-morocco; extra gilt tops. London

| 1872 Price $95. Regular price $100.
D’Orbigny, Charles M. _ JPictionaire
Universal D’ Histoire Naturelle, Dirige Par | Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with
M. Charles D’Orbigny ; 15 vols.— 12 vols. Appendix by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23
of text and 3 vols. of plates. half morocco ; plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Lon-
Paris, 1849. Price $70, Regular price $75. | — don, 1880 edition. Price $2.50 post-paid.

| Formerly $2.60.

Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos- The same, 1875 edtn, $2 post-paid.
sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol-

ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264 Drury. D. Exotic Entomology. Tlustra-
original plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo;_ half tions of, wherein are exhibited upwards of
morocco. London (N. 1D.). Price $15. 600 insects of the East and West Indies,
Regular price $17.50. China, New Holland, North and South
America, Germany, ete., very few of which
are figured in any other work. New edition
with additions and Scientific Indexes by J.
O. Westwood. 150 plates beautifully color-
ed. 3 vols., 4-to. Half morocco, uncut.
London 1837. Price $25.

Stephens, James and Francis. _II-
lustrations of British Entomology ; or, a
Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing
their generic and specific distinctions. _Em-
bellished with colored figures of the rarer

and more interesting species. 12 volumes; | ““This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete
ae = - U Sire 2 2 A °
half roan. London, 1828. Price $50. | insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to

> ar Bo . > Oe x . .
Regular price $55. is be desired.’’-Sir James E. Smith.

THE - CONCITOLOGISTY’ » EXCHANGE 71

Gould, John. A Centery of Birds from | Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica ;

the Himalaya Mountains. Folio; half mo- | or, [llustrations of New, Rare, and Interest-
rocco, (Scarce.) Price $70. Regular price ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London
$75. 1845. Price $27.50. Regular price $30.
The Standard Natural History, by
Lowe, E. T. Beautiful Leaved Plants. | the Leading American Authorities. Pdited
Being a description of the most beautiful | by Elliot Coues, M. D. and T. S. Kingsley.
Jeaved plants in cultivation in this country. | Parts 1 to 38, complete, nearly new, mostly
With 60 colored illustrations. 8-vo. Half | uncut. Price for the lot $12.
morocco; extra gilt tops. London 1861. | Nore: This great work is now being publish-
Price $10. Regular price $12. ed andthe above is a rare chance to secure

the first 38 parts. Sixty parts in all will be
u . | issued, making when complete one of the
Tryon, Geo.W. Jr. Structural and Sys- most accurate and highly illustrated contri-
tematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of | — butions to Science ever published.
Conchology. The latest works for Conchol-

ogists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. _ The American Naturalist. Odd copies
Circulars sent on application. for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep-
| tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July

oe ae “ rae to December: Vol. XVII, January, May to
SPECIAL Novice:—A few second hand copies Decouhenevell KV Ill January Aen

of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con- ruary ; Tdex to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and
chology for sale at $5.00—Cash. | 25 cents each.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE,
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., _U. S. A.

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MERMAID AVENUE

Be iolonists ance iChestaas

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WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OFG
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DO YOU WANT SPERCIMENS 2

ares Wes eens ie tas ee ken hs lst Uae 5 cents 200 Sea Shells. small but good. . . 15 cents
Star IRISH eis soe Beevers Meg te) st cee 5 cents Chinese Chop-Sticks 12 cents; Coins 5 cents
SealUrehinis i. 8h. ates ee Sacentse 5 fine Minerals nese. =a cree 15 cents

oR “Common Sense,”

a large 12-column paper devoted to collectors, a whole year, with any one of the above, for
25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now. Large exchange column
free to subscribers. Send at once.

F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y.

The West American Scientist.

Ge Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly

magazine of yi.
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A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California
Fminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 per year, Io cents a copy.
Send 25 cents for a 4 months trial subscription.

Agents Wanted. , C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

The Conehologists’ Exchange.

VoL. I.

No. 12

A Publication Designed for Conchologists and
Scientists generally.

ISSUED MONTHLY

NVM sy = Rie,

Epitor ano PustisHer.

8G Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their
habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matters for publication must be received by the
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SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II, BEGINNING
WITH JULY NEXT, ARE NOW DUE.

| ITH this number we finish the first
year of our journalistic existence.
One year ago we spent a much-
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ing about the needs of American conchologists.

The outcome of that thought was a postal card
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Number 1,’? and announced that it was the
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A FITTING companion to the very able arti-
cles by Mr. C. F. Ancey, Mr. Wm. A. Marsh,
and Dr. A. Sterki, has been found in the
“Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” by
Mr. Horace F. Carpenter, whose reputation for
accuracy in describing the Mollusca, is so well-
known. This article is a continuation of the
articles on the same subject, published in
“Random Notes on Natural History,” the
discontinuation of which, in December last, we
noted in a former issue. We can furnish our
readers with the back volumes of ‘Random
Notes,” containing the former numbers of Mr.
Carpenter’s interesting history of Rhode Island
shells, with the exception of Nos. 1 and 2,
which, however, were only general in their
treatment of the subject. Please see adver-
tisement.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF
MERCER CoO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued.)
34.-—Unio rubiginosus, Lea,

A very variable species which inhabits Pope
and Edwards Creeks. I have never found it
in the river. It varies much in outline. Sex-
ual differences are quite marked; the females
being more inflated and slightly emarginate. It
has a dark brown or rubiginose epidermis
sometimes of a greenish or yellow tinge, vel-
vety in texture, and usually has a white nacre,
often shining and iridescent. Some have a
very pale rose-colored nacre, while others are
of alight salmon color. ‘This abundant and
widely distributed species often bears strong
resemblance to a number of both northern and
southern described forms. It is often found
associated with both coccéneus and trigonus
and is then difficult to separate from them
unless the collector familiarizes himself with
the specific differences of the three forms. It
differs from ¢v7gorus in being more depressed,
more elongated, more rounded over the um-
bones, in having lighter cardinal and_ lateral
teeth and very much éess prominent growth
lines. Its beaks are less ponderous and the
undulations also quite different. It differs herve
from cocctneus in having a darker and rougher
epidermis, in the undulations of its beaks, in
its teeth, and general outline and color of its
nacre. In our creeks it is an active species
and is found in all kinds of situations; on the
sandy bars, in the gravel, under the projecting
edges of large rocks, in water very highly
impregnated with iron ore, in the mud, and
even under logs submerged in the water.

Unio solidus, Lea.

An inhabitant of the deep water of the
Mississippi River. This is a rare shell and I

THE) CONCHOLOGISTS?-

EXCHANGE

.
consider it extraordinary good luck to find
three or four specimens in a season. As _ its
name implies it is a thick, solid shell, epider-
mis dark reddish brown, growth lines smooth,
beaks smooth and massive and slightly incury-
ed, rays dark green or dark brown. It isa
very distinct species, yet, judging from the
many names I have received it under from
collectors, it is not well understood. Of our
local species, it most resembles “7gonus. The
Unio plenus and the cati/lus, of Conrad, are
often mistaken for this shell, but its green or
brown rays, rounded umbones and massive
beaks will, however, always distinguish it from
those forms. The color of the interior varies”
from white and light rose to a beautiful pink
and even salmon color.

36.— Unio spatulatus, Lea.

This species is found only in Pope and_
Edwards Creeks and never in the river. It
was once very abundant here but, owing to-
the constant ravages of hogs, coons and musk-
rats, it is now nearly extinct. It is a finely
shell, covered with dark-green rays, slightly
undulate, and in this character it much resem-—
bles gamentinus with which it groups. Its”
cardinal teeth are small, and when found in
iron ore water they are always stained with
that substance. The animal seems to prefer
gravelly situations, and very frequently buries_
itself so deeply in sand or gravel that it is
difficult to find.

37-—Untio subovatius, Lea.

This species is found very sparingly in Pope
and Edwards Creeks. It is the male of Unzo
occtdens, Lea, and in many respects is strik-
ingly similar to verdricosus, Barnes. It often
attains an immense size and is provided with
very large beaks and teeth. Its surface orna-
mentation is extremely variable, for while
some specimens are provided with beautiful
green rays, varying greatly in width, others are
found with a few dull rays over the anterior
portion of the shell, while others still are en-
tirely devoid of rays.

THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE 75

38.— Unio securis, Lea.

Found rarely in the Mississippi River and
in Swan Lake on the Bog Island, and alwstys
in deep water. A smooth, triangular shell,
very solid, and usually very beautiful. Epi-
dermis smooth, varying from yellow to green
and brown color. The rays are remarkably
variable, some being straight, others zigzag
with blackish or brown dots in all imaginary
shapes. Its beaks are very much compressed
and very flat over the summit, while its um-
bones are very angular. The nacre is usually
white, shining and iridescent, but I have
found specimens having pink and salmon-
colored nacres. Sexual differences are very
apparent; the female being very much inflated
and truncated. The species is slow in its
movements and moves about but little. Secz7s
is so distinct that when once known it need
not be confounded with any other.

39.—Unio Schoolcraftii, Lea.

This species is found only in Edwards
Creek and is now rare. It is a pustulose spe-
cies and in some respects resembles U. puestz-
Zosus, but the careful observer will notice dif-
ferences in outline, as it is quadrate, while
pustuiosus is subrotund and, again, it is always
much less inflated. It has the same greenish
tint over the beaks and umbones, but it is
spread on,so to speak, in a different manner.
When young, Schoolcraftit has but few pus-
tules, but as it increases in age (usually), is
found almost completely covered with them.
The epidermis is very dark brown in adult
specimens, ‘The teeth and cicatrices are quite
different from pzstelosus. The nacre is white
and shining, always much thicker before than
behind in all except the very aged specimens,
in which the nacre is of a rusty iron ore color.
It is a very active species and may be found
in all situations; in the iron ore beds, in the
gravel, in the mud and in both deep and
shallow water. Often, owing to its activity, it
gets left upon dry land, as it will venture along
the margin of the stream where the water is
not deep enough to cover its shell, and, by a
sudden fall of the water it is left upon the dry

sand. Ata place of this kind, below Fender’s
Grist Mill when the waters are shut off every
Saturday evening, the collector may find num-
bers of this species, together with parvus and
rubiginosus which have been suddenly left in
the sand by the receding waters.

To be continued.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA
OR SUBGENERA OF
HELICIDA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

(Continued. )

XVIII. Coxia, Ancey. ‘Testa valde de-
“planata,latissime wmbilicata, tenuis,subcornea,
“supra minus micans, infra nitidior, Spira
‘plana, apice prominulo, arctispirata, anfracti-
“bus numerosis, ultimo supra acute angulato,
“infra convexo. Apertura parva, sinuata, ad
“carinam angulata. Peristoma obtusatum, vix
“inferne expansiusculum,”’

Type: Helix Macgregori, Cox,

Geog. distribution: New Ireland.

This group differs from Systrophia and from
Ophiogyra in being carinated above the peri-
phery and in having the apex elevated above
the level of the following whorls. ‘The dis-
tribution is not the same.

XIX. Lejeania, Ancey. “Testa forma
*‘Xerophilis quibusdam sen Fructicolis vicina,
“tenuis, anfractibus sat celeriter crescentibus,
““convexo depressa, spira convexa,subobtecte et
“mediocriter umbilicata, cornea fasciis opace
“albis zonata vel alba opaca cum zonis angustis
“nigris. Apertura obliqua; peristoma tenuis,
“simplex acutum, rectum, ad umbilicum expan-
“sum.”

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ > EXCHANGE

Helix Darnaudi, Pfeiffer; H. Issel.
H. Jickeliana, Nevill, etc.

Types:
iana, Morelet ;

Geog. distribution :
nia ; Sennaar.

Mountains of Abyssi-

XX. Pseudiberus, Ancey. ‘Testa solida,
“opaca, non nitens, costulata vel striata. Spira
“plus minusve elevata, obtusa; anfractus
‘parum convexi, interdum carinati, sutura
“lineari, modice crescentes ; ultimus carinatus.
“Apertura obliqua angulata. Peristoma album
‘reflexum, incrassatum. MHabitu et textura
“testae Iberos (Europe incolas) valde com-
‘“memorans: Umbilicus apertus.”

Types: Helix tectum-sinense, Mart.; H.
Zenonis, Gredler; H. plectotropis, Mart., and
Matsianensis, Nevill.

Geog. distribution: China (in Northern
provinces); Central Asia (Eastern Turkestan,
Songoria, Mounts Tian-schan).

Allied to Plectotropis; more coarsely sculp-
tured, shell heavier, peristome thicker and
whitish; the texture of the shell is quite differ-
ent and the general appearance is much like
that of Helix scabriuscula.

XXI.

I venture to suggest the above name for
the well-known @alifornian species of Helices
such as arrosa, Gould; ramentosa, Gould;
exarata, Pfeiffer; tudiculata, Binney, and
others, as Dr. Jousseaume has proved they are
distinct from the European type of Arionta
(Helix arbustorum), by many features of the
soft parts. He has studied Helix tudiculata,
so that this species must be regarded as the
type of the group. It bears the same relation
to Aglaja and Lysince, as in Europe Arionta
to Campylosa, and I am convinced the
two series are parallel in both countries.
Micrarionta, Ancey, a group including only
three Californian species, viz: H. Gabbi;
H. facta. and H. ruficincta, Newcomb, is very
near Helminthoglypta, and connects it with
Aglaja..

Helminthoglypta, Ancey.

To be continued.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA
OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

(Nore. This article is a continuation of the same sub-
ject as formerly published in ‘‘Random Notes on

Natural History.’’—Epziror.)

Chapter XXXVI.

| 182. Planorbis (Menetus) exacu-

tus, Say.

Synonyms: Planorbis, lens, Lea ;_ Planorbis
Brongniartiana, Lea; Planorbis leiticularis,
Lea; Planorbis Buchanensis, Lea; Planorbis
hyalina, Lea.

This very peculiar shell was discovered in
Lake Champlain by Mr. Augustus Jessup.
Only two specimens were found and these
were deposited in the cabinet of the Academy
of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia. Mr. Say
described them in 1821, in the ‘Journal of the
Academy,” Vol. II, No. 165, under the name
of Planorbis exacuous. This term is not a Latin
word, nor has ita Latin termination and it may
be presumed that in printing the description, an
“o’? was substituted in mistake, for a ‘‘t.’’
If so, by correcting this error, we have a legiti-
mate specific name, and one very expressive
of the form of the shell. The subgeneric
name, Menetus, includes those species whose
shells are depressed ; whorls rapidly increasing;
the periphery angulated, and the aperture very
oblique. It was used by A. and H. Adams,
in 1885, for two species of Planorbis inhabit-
ing the United States, planorbis opercularis,
Gould, and exacutus, Say.

The shell is of a light horn color, those
from some localities almost white, with four
whorls, flattened so that each whorl is twice as
wide as deep; the upper and lower surfaces
are both convex and meet at the periphery in
an acute lateral edge; the superior termination
of the lip exactly coincides with tne sharp
edge of the body whorl ; the aperture, looked

THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE 77

at transversely, appears almost triangular; lip
simple and sharp; umbilicus broad, showing
all the volutions to the apex. Diameter, one-
quarter of an inch.

It is found in brooks, ditches and stagnant
ponds, adhering to sticks and leaves. It is
quoted from New England to Kansas, and
southward to Washington, D.C. The only
locality where I have found it is in a small
pool near Hammond’s Pond, Pawtucket. Mr.
E. H. Jenks has found several specimens in
Valley Falls Pond.

138. Planorbis (Gyraulus) deflec-
tus, Say.

Synonyms: Planorbis virens, Adams; Plan-
orbis obliquus, DeKay ; Nautilina deflecta,
Chenu.

Shell dextral, depressed ; whorls five, mi-
nutely and regularly wrinkled across; body-
whorl somewhat carinated above; aperture
suddenly deflected downwards; lip simple,
commencing just below the carina and em-
bracing but a small portion of the whorl ;
umbilicus broad, showing one-half of each
whorl to the apex; upper surface of the shell
convex; lower surface concave. Diameter,
three-tenths of an inch.

The sub-genus, Gyraulus of Agassiz is
represented in the United States by five species
of which four inhabit Rhode Island. This
section is characterized thus: ‘Shell discoidal;
whorls few, rapidly enlarging; periphery some-
times carinated ; last whorl sometimes de-
flected.’ Planorbis deflectus was first col-
lected by Dr. Bigsby in the Northwest Territory,
and described by Say in the second volume of
“Long’s Expedition to the source of St. Peter’s
River,” page 261, 1824. The variety virens
of Adams, now considered as a synonym of
deflectus was first found by Mr. Shiverick at
New Bedford, Mass., and described by Prof.
C.B. Adams in Silliman’s Journal vol. XX XIX,
No. 274, 1840, asadistinct species. It resembles
deflectus in all respects excepting that the lip
As not so much deflected, in fact, no more so
than in other species of this sub-genus.

’

P. deflectus is found in ponds and rivers,
adhering to stones, Great Slave Lake to Wash-
ington and from New England to Nebraska.
The typical deflectus is not common in Rhode
Island, although we find a few in Valley Falls
Pond, The variety virens, is quite abundant
in this locality.

135. Planorbis (Gyraulus) dilata-
tus, Gould.

Shell small, of a yellowish green color; spire
flat, composed of three whorls, separated by a
well-defined suture; the outer whorl has a
sharp margin ona level with the spire; below
this margin the whorl rounds convexly so as
to encircle a small, deep, abruptly-formed

| umbilicus; this whorl enlarges rapidly, form-

ing a large, not very oblique aperture; lip
expanded, trumpet shaped. Diameter of the
shell, three-twentieths of an inch; thickness,
one-twentieth of an inch,

A widely distributed shell but extremely
local. It was first found on the Island of
Nantucket, in damp moss by Mr. J. M. Earle
of Worcester, Mass., afterwards in July, 1840,
Mr. J. J. Whittemore found it in great numbers
ina small pool in Hingham, Mass. Mr. Per-
kins has found it at New Haven, Conn. The
only locality in Rhode Island so far as I know,
is a little pond on the side of the T.ouisquissett
Pike, about half way between Providence and
Harris Lime Rock in Smithfield. It is only
a shallow depression, nearly dry most of the
year, and the shells were found in summer on
stones and at first were mistaken for some
species of land shell, but were identified as
Planorbis dilatatus afterwards by my friend,
Mr. John Ford, of Philadelphia. They were
reddish in color and not greenish as above but
the color of all our fluviatile shells depends on
the locality and the nature of the water in
which they live. Another species to be de-
scribed hereafter, whose color is given by au-
thorities as brownish horn or light chestnut, is
fully as often found in our State as black as:
coal, while in some localities they are nearly
white.

THE + CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

185. Planorbis (Gyraulis) hirsutus,
Gould.

Synonyms: Planorbis albus, W. G. Binney,
Haldeman, non Miiller.

Shell light brown, concave on both sides,
more so on the left, whorls ¢hree, rapidly in-
creasing; aperture large, sub-oval, oblique; lip
simple. Diameter one-quarter of an inch.
The prominent characteristic which distin-
guishes this species from all others of the sub-
genus, is that expressed by its specific name,
hirsutus. The entire surface of the shell is
covered by: a dark epidermis, bristling with
rigid hairs which are arranged in close revoly-
ing lines. When the shell becomes bleached
the hairs drop off and show plainly the revolv-
ing lines.

Mr. W. G. Binney has endeavored to show
that our shell is identical with the Planorbis
albus, Miiller, of Europe, and in his description
of American fresh-water shells in the ‘ Smith-
sonian Miscellaneous Collection,’ No. 143,
1865, page 132, he has named it Planorbis
albus, Miiller. Notwithstanding Mr. Binney’s
great reputation as a Conchologist, aud his
valuable labors in this department, I cannot
but think he is wrong in this instance. The
two species, hirsutus and albus are as surely
distinct as any two species of the same sub-
genus can be. ‘The general form of the two
is similar, but not more so than several other
species. The color of the European species,
albus, is, as its name signifies, white, or nearly
so, and they have neither the rigid hairs, nor
the revolving lines of our hirsutus. I have
numerous specimens of both species, and my
specimens of albus are not as smooth as de-
flectus or parvus. The number of whorls and
the umbilicus are different, and the habits of
the animal are unlike ours.

On referring to Reeve’s ‘British Land and
Fresh-water Mollusks,”’ page 139, we find his
description of Planorbis albus: ‘Shell rather
depressed, thin, whitish, horny, covered witha
scarcely perceptible hairy epidermis: lower,
concavity, a broadly excavated umbilicus;
whorls four to five. The animal feeds vora-
ciously on species of Potamogeton and is found

(

on water plants in all parts of the British
Isles.’

Planorbis hirsutus was first discovered by
Prof. C. B. Adams, in Mansfield, Mass., and
described by Dr. A. A. Gould, in 1840, in
“Silliman’s Journal,’ Vol. XXXVIII, page
196, and in 1841, in “Gould’s Invertebrata of
Massachusetts,’ page 206. It has been found
at Dorchester, Dedham and Cambridge, adher-
ing to sticks and stones in stagnant water, and
in Rhode Island at Valley Falls and in the
Providence and Worcester Canal, on stones,
but has never been found in America, so far
as I can learn, upon a water plant.

To be Continued.

Young Collectors’ Comer.

HOW TO COLLECT SMALL LAND
SHELLS.

BY V. STERKI, M. D., NEW PHILADELPHIA, O.

Continued.

Il.

HOW TO TREAT THEM WHILE ON JOURNEYS.

Many American collectors recommend put-
ting the smaller specimens in alcoho] at once.
This is very expedient but it does not prove
quite satisfactory for several reasons. In many
instances it is desirable to examine the living
animal; its size, shape, color, and mode of
locomotion. In the case of rare or new
forms this is of great importance and would not
be possible after immersion in alcohol, which
has a tendency also to coagulate slime and so
stiffen the odontophore (lingual membrane), as
to render its examination difficult. By simply

THE? CONCHOLOGISTS” =

EXCHANGE 79

drying the animal the odontophore may be
more easily prepared and examined and the
preparation will get cleaner. And last, but
not least, the use of alcohol will result in the
soft parts remaining in the aperture of the shell,
and not only make it unsightly, but render the
proper study of the specimens difficult or im-
possible. In the case of Pupfas and Vertzgos,
this is very important, as the teeth and folds
often reach deep in the mouth of the shell and
should be seen plainly to be studied correctly.
It may be prevented by keeping the shells living
dry for a few days, so that the animals may
lose a part of their moisture and retire deeper
in the shell; then it is time to kill them, by dip-
ping them in a strainer or piece of fine muslin
in nearly boiling water for from 30 seconds to
one minute. After this they should be dried
well in a moderate heat to prevent decompo-
sition of the soft parts, and the development
of fungi. If the shells are collected at their
homes it is best to place them, together with
the moss and dead leaves, in a box. If this
should be wooden, there will be air enough;
if tin, the cover should be perforated with
small holes, but they should not be kept too
long init. Shells also should never be kept
in a stoppered via] before they are dry; use cot-
ton instead of cork. The shells, as found, are
often covered with slime and dirt, and it is
necessary to clean them; but most of them are
too small and too tender to do this by hand.
A prominent collector has indicated a very
expedient means: Some fine sand should be
put in a small glass test tube with the shells,
and after water is added, the tube should be
gently shaken until the shells are clean. A
box or bottle of washed sand should be always
kept on hand and the portion used may be
dried for future use. Cleaning in this way
should be done while the animals are living ;
when thus treated the shells are less liable to
get filled with sand. Sometimes it is advisa-
ble to soak them for a few hours in water in
which a little soda has been dissolved.

After drying, the shells should be separated
by species and put up in vials or tubes, not
however without a label indicating the place

where they were collected, and the name, if |

known. It should be constantly borne in

mind that the locality is of more importance
than the name, as the latter can be obtained at
any time, while the former is more easily for-
gotten and if lost cannot be supplied. If the
vial is not full of shells, a piece of cotton wool
should be added to prevent damage. Shells
of quite different sizes should be packed sepa-
rately, lest the smaller ones slip into the larger
and in many instances be lost. If specimens
are sent for examination or determination, all
kinds of about the same size, from one locality
may be put together. I like this mode best,
as it at once gives an idea of the malacological
character of a certain place.

A collector should try to have as good spe-
cimens as he can find, but if a number of
good ones cannot be obtained, poor shells are
of course, preferable to none. While it should
be remembered that the modes of collecting
described in these pages will in most instances
yield a number of any species living in a certain
locality, on the other hand, it is not the right
thing to select only the largest and most beau-
tiful specimens for the collection, as they
would not give a true idea of a species or
variety, and the average form should be well
represented. It is also a good plan to add a
few young specimens, in different stages of
growth, as the smaller species not only form
very interesting groups, but also present very
beautiful forms that should be looked for ear-
nestly. There is no doubt but that quite a
number of new species and varieties of the
Pupa and Vertigo group have yet to be found
in America. Iam making a special study of
these and shall always be glad to receive min-
utize for examination and, if desired, for deter-
mination, and shall, in describing new forms
give full credit to any contributor.

STRIAe.

Changes of P. O. addresses: M. A. Mitchell,
from Waldo, Fla., to Jasper, Mo.; Rev. A. B.
Kendig, from 35 Dale St., Boston, Mass., to
11 Hanson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.; G. D.
Harris, from Ithaca, N. Y., to Jamestown, N.
Y.; Dr. S. Hart Wright, from Lake Helen,
Fla., to Penn Yan, N. Y.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

Reports of Natural History Society pro-
ceedings especially desired.

A. N. Prentis, Professor of Botany in Cornell
University, has sailed for Europe, to carry on
the advanced study of his specialty.

Corrections: In No. 11, page 67, right hand
column, r5¢/ line from bottom read wzass for
moss. Same number, under New Localities, the
word States in report of Carychium exiguum,
should be Sade.

The Humboldt Natural History and Arche-
logical Society was organized and incorporated
April 16th last, at Eureka, Cala., with the
following board of directors and officers: T. B.
Brown, President; T. F. Cornan, Secretary;
Prof. E. H. Whipple, R. B. Powell, Robert
Gunthur.—West American Scientist (May).

A SUGGESTION TO OUR YOUNG
FRIENDS.

BY ADAM LOOFBET.

Every student, especially the young begin-
ner, should have an aquarium. This need
not be an expensive affair. A large glass jar
such as is used by confectioners is very well
suited to this purpose. Any deep dish or wide-
mouth bottle will answer, but glass is much
preferable as it enables observations to be taken
on all sides, as with many of our Mollusca,the
foot is the most striking characteristic of the
animal. To prepare your aquarium, cover
the bottom about an inch deep with clean sand
and gravel and fill with clear water. If for
fresh-water specimens, get your supply from a
brook or pond, as it contains minute particles
upon which the animal feeds. Allow about
fifteen shells of average size to each quart of
water. Keep your aquarium in a shady place
but not in a close room. Tt will probably
not be necessary to change the water as any
impurities will be devoured as rapidly as
formed.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

On Some Marine Invertebrata, dredged
or otherwise collected by Dr. G. M.
Dawson in 1885, on the coast of British
Columbia; with a Supplementary List of a
few Land and Fresh-water Shells, Fishes,
Birds, etc., from the same region, by J. F.
Whiteaves, F. G.S.—From the Transactions
of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol. IV,
Sec. 4, 1886.”

This valuable contribution to Science by
Prof. J. F. Whiteaves, who has worked so
nobly in the British North American field,
comes none too soon, and adds materially to
our knowledge of the Natural History of
3ritish Columbia.

Annual Report of the Trustees and List of
Members of The American Museum of
Natural History, New York City, for the
year 1886-7.

Received from A. Woodward, Librarian, to
whom we are indebted for many valued favors.

We thankfully acknowledge the receipt of

the following publications: The Canadian
Entomologist, Port Hope, Canada.—The West
American Scientist, San Diego, Cala.—The
Microscopical Bulletin and
Philadelphia.—The Open Court, Chicago, III.

—Common Sense, Mexico, N. Y.—The Ex- |

changers’ Monthly, Jersey City, N. J.—The
Eclipse, Pittsburgh, Pa—The Young Geolo-
gist, Oskaloosa, Ia.—The Blade, Mendota,
Tlls.—The Shelbyville Star, Shelbyville, N1.—
National Educator, Allentown, Pa,—The En-
terprise, Towson, Md.

Too LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION.

OFFERED:—Fine specimens of Helix Traski,
Newc. in exchange for any North American Helices
not in my collection. G.W.MICHAEL, Jr., Morro,
S. L., Obispo, Co. Cala.

Science News, —

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

co
a)

NEW LOCALITIES.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange :

Sir: I wish to report Zozites intertextus,
Binney, as being found sparingly in this (Han-
cock) County, and Pleurocera neglectum, An-
thony, from the ‘Tippecanoe River, Koscinsco
County; both in Indiana. Both localities, I
believe, to be new.

GEORGE W. PUTERBAUGH,

March 26, 1887. Greenfield, Ind.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange:

Sir: A new locality for Unio papyracea.
Gould, is Lake Ashby, Volusia Co., Florida,
This paper-like shell is very rare, and only a
few specimens were secured. ‘The original
station, I think, Mr. Gould does not give.

S. HART WRIGHT,

June 7, 1887. Penn Yan, N: Y. 4

NECROLOGY

Thomas Moore, English botanist, died

January 1, 1887.
Dr. Martin Websky, German scientist, died
Nov. 27, 1886, aged 62 years.

C. E. Broome, English mycologist, at Bath,
England, November 15, 1886.

William Willoughby Cole, Earl of Enniskil-
len, noted for his splendid collection of fossil |
fishes, died Noy. 12, 1886.

June 4th in London, England, Henry Whit- |
all, Professor of Astronomy at Belvidere
Seminary, N. J., at the age of 75.

Rev. Roswell Dwight Hitchcock, D. D., L.
L. D., President of the Union Theological
Seminary, died June 16, 1887, of peritonitis,
aged 70 years.

Rey. Mark Hopkins, D. D., L.L. D., Ex-
President of Williams College, died suddenly
at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 1887. He
a born at Stockbridge, Mass., February, 4,
1802.

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THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

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CORRESPONDENCE.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange:

Sir: In Vryon’s Manual, First Series, Vol.

III, page 109, Mr. Tryon statesthat AZelongena |
Susiformis, Blainy. is apparently very closely |

related to Cuma Kiosguiformis, Ducl., but

that the operculum according to D’Orbigny |

is not purpuroid. He says that the resem-
blance conchclogically is much nearer Cuma
than either JMelongena or Siphonalia and
that he cannot help thinking that the great
French naturalist was mistaken as to the oper-
culum. I recently received three specimens
of this shell from Panama, two of which con-
tained the dried animal and the operculum in
position. Itis not purpuroid, but, like that of
Melongena coronis,is solid and claw-like, with

an apical nucleus, and might be mistaken for |

that of the above shell only that it is smaller
and a little heavier. Ithink this will settle
it, that A/elongena fusiformits is a proper JZe/-
ongena. In my specimens I can trace some of
the characters of the genus,a somewhat pyriform
body-whorl, tuberculate shoulder, and there are
resemblances in the aperture.
CHAs. T. SIMPSON,

May 4, 1887. Ogalalla, Neb.

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Mention this paper.

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OFFERED:—Ynsatella Americana, Petricola_ phol-
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OFFERED:— Tellina radiata, Paludina integra,
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CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1887.

nois after the completion of his present article) ;
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THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA
OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XX XVII.

186. Planorbis (Gyraulus) parvus,
Say.

Synonyms: Helix parvus, Eaton, 1826,; Plan-
orbis concavus, Anthony.

Shell small, discoida), color from yellowish
horn and greenish to black, both sides concave
and equally exhibiting the volutions ; whorls
four; aperture rounded; lip rounded and
sharp, bluish white within. Diameter one-
fifth of an inch, thickness one-fifteenth. It
is also found fossilized in the Post-pleiocene of
the Ottawa Valley. It is quoted as beinz

found abundantly everywhere, but is seems to |

be quite local in Rhode Island, the only local-
ity where it is found abundantly being Cun-
liff’s Pond, at Elmville, about three miles
south of Providence.

Before leaving the genus, I wish to call at-
tention to a new shell found by me fifteen
years ago in a small pool near Hammond’s
pond, in Pawtucket. It is a Planorbis, but
differs from any species heretofore described
in any work on American Conchology. Only
one specimen exists at present. and that one is
in my collection, and has been examined by
several conchologists who pronounce it very
curious and never seen before by them. If
other specimens are discovered in the future
and described as new, I wish to announce
that it was first described by me at a
meeting of the ‘Providence Franklin Society”’

Tuesday evening, February 27, 1871, and the |

printed description appeared in the “Central
Falls Visitor,’ the Vriday following. ‘The
new species. was dedicated to my friend, Mr.
E. Henry Jenks, of Valley Falls, with whom
I have had the pleasure of exploring little
Rhody’s woods and streams for many years.

187. Planorbis Jenksii, H. F. Car-
penter.

Shell small, of a transparent horn color,
minutely wrinkled by the lines of growth;
whorls three, separated by a well defined su-
ture; carinated on both sides and having a
| miniature resemblence to P. dzcarinatus, spire
nearly flat; apex sunken a trifle; under side
forming a broad, shallow umbilicus; aperture
constricted, the length from top to bottom be-
ing twice the distance as that from side to side;
lip thickened and slightly reflected, white
within.

This is the smallest Planorbis yet discov-
ered in the United States. Its size in fractional
parts of an inch is as follows: Longest diam-
eter, 8-100; shorter diameter, 7-100; diameter
of aperture, 4-100 by 2-100.

GENUS SHGMENTINA.

Fleming, 1830.
Synonyms. Segmentaria, Swainson, 1840;

Discus, Haldeman, 1840.

The species of Segmentina inhabit Europe,
Asia and Australia. ‘The two species inhabit-
ing the United States belong to the sub-genus
Planorbula, Hald.; they are Segmentina., (Plan-
orbula), Wheatleyi, a southern species, and

| 183. Segmentina (Planorbula), ar-
migera, Say.

Shell varied in color from light horn to

regular, slightly concave, showing four vol-
utions ; under side deeply concave, the whorls
carinated and bearing several raised revoly-
ing lines; aperture oblique, inclining to the
left; lip in light colored specimens dark
brown or black at the edge (our Rhode Island
specimens are generally black as coal all over) ;
within the aperture are five teeth, two on the
pillar lip, one near the anterior lip, o12e on the
side of the labium, and two on the upper por-
tion of the outer lip. Diameter one-fourth of
an inch, thickness one-tenth. ‘This is a very
simple and plain-looking shell externally, but
its remarkable characteristic is the armature of

black, in some localities nearly white; spire —

TEES CONCHOLOGISTS’

the mouth. The teeth which nearly close the
aperture are situated far within and need a
hand microscope to distinguish them, but by
breaking off a portion of the lip they may be
examined with ease. They are found abun-
dantly in stagnant ponds, ditches, &c., where-
ever there is decaying vegetable matter. I
have often picked from a dozen to twenty on a
single oak leaf and sometimes thirty to forty
from a stone as large as my fist. Inhabits
New England, Middle and Western States.

SUB-FAMILY ANCYLIN:.

This sub-family contains three genera, An-
cylus, Latia and Gundlachia. Latia inhabits
New Zealand. Gundlachia has five species,
two of which inhabit the United States; one is
found in California, and one in the District of
Columbia. Ancylus has about fifty spe-
cies, twenty of which inhabit the United States,
and two make their homes in Rhode Island.

139. Ancylus fuscus, Adams.

Shell small, thin and pellucid when the epi-
dermis is removed, oval, the entire outline
regularly curved; apex elevated a little and
turned to the right and rear of the centre. It
is distinguished from all other species of An-
cylus by its epidermis, which is brown, rough
and course, projecting beyond the margin of
the shell and extended in a plane with the
object to which it may be attached, and thus
appears to turn upward like the brim of an old
slouch hat. Its length is 3-10, breadth 1-8,
height 1-20 ofan inch. Within it is polished
and shining.

It was discovered by Mr. Kinne Prescott in
a small rivulet in Andover, adhering to stones,
and was described by Prof. Adams in the
‘Boston, Journ. Natural History,” III, 320,
1840, in the same year in Silliman’s Journal,
XXXVIII, p. 396. Prof. Adams afterward
found it at Mansfield, Mass. Dr. A. A.Gould,
also found it at Fresh Pond, Cambridge, and
it is quite common in R. J., in ponds and
rivers, adhering to stones and to the empty
valves of fresh-water clams.

- EXCHANGE 3

140. Ancylus paralellus, Hald.

Synonym; Ancylus rivularis,Gould,non. Say.

In October, 1817, Say published a descrip-
tion of Ancylus rivularis. Owing to the mea-
greness of the description, and perhaps having
never seen Say’s type, Dr. Gould in the Inver-
tebrata of Mass., 1841, applied Say’s name to
our New England species. In the Second
Edition, edited by Mr. Wm. G. Binney, this
error is rectified, and the proper name of par-
alellus, substituted. The Ancylus rivularis of
Say is not found in New England. Ancylus
paralellus is not very common in R. I. A few
may be obtained in the Blackstone and in the
Ten Mile River on stones near the shore in
several places. It is a small, narrow, elongated-
oval shell, thin and delicate, of a greenish tint;
apex nearly central, leaning a little to the nght
and rear; sides nearly parallel, both ends
rounded; length, 1-4; breadth, 1-10 inch.

Suborder Thalassophila contains three fami-
lies, Amphibolidze (spiral and operculate) Sip-
honariidee and Gadiniidze, (conical and not op-
erculate) no representatives of which are found
in the U. S.

CLASS 4, SCAPHOPODA.

Shell a hollow cylinder open at both ends.
A simple straight or curved tube without spire.
Animal carnivorous, burrowing in sand or mud
in salt water. This Class contains one family,
Dentalide, several genera and about one hun
dred species. They are called tooth shells and
the type is the Dentalium elephantinum, Linn.
The only species inhabiting the eastern coast
of the U S. are the D. dentale and D. striola-
tum, both New England species but only found
north of Cape Cod.

With this chapter I close the description of
all the univalve shells of R. I. Four of the
five Classes of Mollusca have been treated of
in these pages and the remaining one, Pelecy-
poda, will be the subject of the succeeding
chapters on the “Shell Bearing Mollusca of
Rhode Island.”

To be continued.

4 THE « CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF
MERCER CoO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued. )
4o.—Unio tubcrculates, Barnes.

This species is found rather sparingly in the
river and sloughs and very rarely in Pope, Ed-
wards, and Henderson Creeks. It is very
constant in its specific characters and is so un-
like any other shell found here, that when
once known it cannot be mistaken for any
other. It is almost always covered with tuber-
cles. The nacre is usually white, but occasion-
ally one is found having a salmon colored
nacre. In Southern waters it is found with
pink and chocolate interior. It is sometimes
beautifully rayed. In the river it is generally
found in the gravel, while in the sloughs it is
deeply imbedded in the mud or sand. In our
creeks it is likely to be found in the iron ore
beds, where it seems to be sluggish in its
movements and is rarely found in motion.

41.—Unio trigonus, Lea.

A solid, heavy, dark brown species, found

rather abundantly in the river and adjacent |

sloughs. When young it has beautiful green
rays and a rather smooth epidermis, and then
resembles so/zdus somewhat. It varies much
in its nacre, some being white, others a rose

color, while others still are pink or salmon. |

The animal of ¢vzgorus is generally red, but I
have often found it white.
finest species and as found here is nearer Mr.
[.ea’s types than any specimens I have ever
seen from any other locality. It is a very much
inflated
very angular over the umbones, with very
prominent growth lines. It is an active spe-
cies and may be found in both deep and shal-
low water, and does not seem to be critical
about locality, occupying muddy locations as
well as sandy or gravelly situations.

{
|
|

It is one of our |

shell with massive, incurved beaks, |

g2.— Unto lenussimus, Lea.

This fragile but very interesting species is
found rather sparingly in the Mississippi. It
| seems to occur in both shallow and deep water,
| often burying itself completely in the sand and
gravel beds. It avoids very muddy bottoms
; and is never found in the sloughs or lakes.
_ This species is smooth and wide and is usu-
ally beautifully rayed. The young specimens
are crenulated posteriorly which portion of the
shell is as thin as paper. It need not be con-
founded with any other shell except U. gra-
cilis, oblique forms of which sometimes re-
semble fenzzssinus.

43-— Unio undxslatus, Barnes.

This common species is found very abun-
dantly in all our small streams, but never in
the river. It has a very wide geographical
distribution, ranging from Western New York
to Texas. It isa thick, heavy, solid species —
| usually covered with from five to seven undu-
lating folds or plications, and for this very fact
it is the most common species in our creeks; as
the coons, musk-rats and hogs cannot as easily
| break its thick shell as they can the more fragile
species. Many of our more fragile Unios
| which were very abundant in our small streams
| thirty years ago, are now extinct, having been
| exterminated by the animals before mentioned,
and the time is not far distant when nothing
will be left but this robust shell. Ten or
twelve years ago the collector who was not
very critical about his specimens, had but to
find the log where Mr. Coon took his meals on
fresh-water clams, or the hole where the musk-
rats went out of the water into the ereek-bank,
to find many specimens of almost every species
to be found in the stream. Many collectors
consider undulatus and plicatus identical, but
this is not likely to be the case, as I have this
shell from all the Northern States, from New
York to Iowa and from the states of Missouri,
| Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas and Texas,and
its seems to maintain its integrity with very
little variation throughout. I have specimens
from Ohio and Indiana which approach very
closely to U. mudtipiicatus but not to plicatus.

The females of this species are much more in-

THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 5

flated than the males. The two Southern forms,
U. latecostatus and U. Eluotli seem to be
closely allied but as the true zzdzlatus is
found associated with them they are probably
distinct. I have never found wdu/atus asso-
ciated with plcatus.

44.— Unio ventricosus, Barnes.

This species is very common in the Missis- |

sippi River, and it is one of our most showy
and handsome Unios, the green rayed varieties
especially so. In respect to its rays and the
color of. its interior it is extremely variable;
the nacre of some being bluish white, in others
it is a beautiful pink varying to pale rose color,
while in others still it is pale salmon. This
shell is often found without rays and it is then
difficult to separate from cafax. It seems to
bea very active species and is found in both
deep and shallow water, in the muddy bottoms
of the sloughs and lakes as well as in the sand
and gravel beds of the river. It attains an im-
mense size and becomes very tumid with age.
The females are very much more inflated pos-
teriorly than the males.

45.— Unio zig-zag, Lea.

| sally. It is a ®very abundant species and is
| found commonly in all our streams and
sloughs. It attains an immense size in the
river, being found there six inches in length
| including its wing and from six to seven inches
| wide. It is a very much depressed shell with
| very small beaks and flattened umbones. Its
| interior is usually white. The young speci-
mens are very beautifully rayed and have a
greenish brown epidermis and very prominent
growth lines. Animal very active.

Margaritana rugosa, Bares.

47-

Shell rugosely plicate. It is found rather
sparingly here, and in the creeks only, and at-
tains an immense size. I have specimens from
Pope Creek seven inches wide and four inches
long. It has a dark brown epidermis, which
in the young specimens is greenish, with beau-
tiful green rays. Nacre usually white but often
found of a salmon color. The teeth of the
adult shell are very large, often trifid. It is
very constant in its specific characters and has
a very wide geographical distribution. Animal
slow in its movements.

To be Continued.

This beautiful little shell is rather common |

in the river and sloughs. As before stated it
is the female of U7. donactformis. Mr. Lea’s
types of donaciformis came from Tennessee.

IT have it from the Cumberland River and it |
This |

agrees with the male form found here.

A CATALOGUE OF THE BULIMI-
NI FOUND IN CENTRAL

little shell is usually covered with beautiful —

green zig-zag rays.

umbones. It is usually bluish white within,
but is found sometimes with a pink nacre.

of low water.

-Sub-Genus Margaritana, Schu-
macker.

46.—Margaritana complanata, Barnes.

Shell slightly plicate and triangular in out-
line, symphynote, and very much alated dor-

The female is very much |
inflated, very truncate, and has very angular |

is very active and is often found in consider- |
able numbers in the course gravel and under |
flat rocks near the margin of the river at times |

eats _ ASIA.

BY C. F, ANCEY, BERROUAGHIA, ALGERIA.

The principal character of the molluscous
| fauna of Central Asia, viz: Turkestan, Af-
ghanistan, and Beluchistan, is the numerous
species of Bulimini found there. A mono-_
graph of these has been published recently by
myself in the “Bulletins de la Societe Mala-
| cologique de France,”’ 1886. The following
_ have been recorded in this monograph, a num-
ber being new to science. Thibet is not in-
cluded here.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

r. Group of B. candelaris.

B. candelaris, Pfeiffer. Soliman Range.
Group of cenopictus, Hutt.

st) By ? Quettah. Afghanistan.

3. Group of B. intumescens, Mart.
B. secalinus, v. Martens.
dcha.

B. intumescens, v. Mart. Samarkhand.

B. intumescens, v. Fedtschenkoi, Ancey,
Samarkhand.

B. Haberhaueri, Dohrn.
tan, Ferghana.

Mts. Hasrat Sul-

B. pullaster, v. Mart. (Ancey.) Valley of
of the Batikty.
4. Group of retrodens, v. Mart.

B. retrodens, v. Martens. Kulsdcha.

*B. retrodens, v. Mart. var minor. Kulsdcha.

B. aptychus, Ancey. Wjernoje.

B. aptychus, var.——? Capusiana, Anc.
Wijernoje.

B. leucoptychus, Mts. (Ancey). Riv. Fek-

kes and Naryn-kol.
B. entodon, Mart.
a-tau range.

Wjernoje, near the Al-

5. Group of dissimilis.
B. dissimilis, Martens.

6. Group of Sogdianus.
B. Sogdianus, v. Mart.

Arassan-bulak.

Samarkhand.

*B. Sogdianus, v. persicus., Parr. Schiraz,
South-eastern Persia.
B, Oxianus Mart, Khiwa, Khorassan,

Ghilan (?).

B. Bonvallotianus, Ancey.
markhand.

From the latter locality I have just received
this shell under the erroneous name of Sogdia-
nus, var. major. It is quite distinct in color,
texture, peristome, number of whorls, broadly
reflected peristome. I have a variety, major,
and a variety, gracilis, of this shell, and all
preserve their charactcrs with great uniformity.

B. Potaninianus, Anc. Turkestan.

B. Kuldschanus, Mouss, Kuldscha.

* B. coniculus, Mart. Kuldscha.

B. Sindicus, Bens, Afghanistan.

Khokand, Sa-

* B. miser, Mart—Mounts Altai, Semipal-
atinsk, etc.

* B. Martensianus, Anc.
Mart, non Bens.)

(segregatus, v.

minor, Mountains near

Taschkent and Schachimardan.

* B. eremita, Bens.—Afghanistan, Samar-

| khand.

Wjernoje, Kuls- |

I have received from the neighborhood of
Samarkhand some very fine shells I cannot re-
frain from uniting with this species, still they
differ in colour having a shining surface,nearly
uniform somewhat bluish-gray colour faintly
variegated on the upper whorls, with corneous
apex and pale chestnut aperture becoming
lighter towards the peristome. The above
form should be named var. hepatica, Anc.,
long, 18%-20; diam. 8-8'%4; length of aper-
ture, 6-61%4 mill.) Whorls, 7-7%. A very fine
variety of the same form also occurred, being
of a more oval shape and larger, (long, 24;
diam. 10; length of aperture, 8; breadth of
aperture, 5% mill.) It might be called var.
procera on account of its large size. The
colour is the same as in the preceding one. It
has 7% whorls.—Samarkhand.

*B. Khokandensis, Anc. (eremita var., Mart.).
Khokand.

B. Kuschakewitzi, Anc.
estan. Khokand.

B. Kuschakewitzi, var candisata, Anc.South-
ern Turkestan.

B. Ufjalvyanus, Anc.—Turkestan.

B. albiplicatus. Anc.—Taschkent, Schachi.

B. Przevalski, Anc. Taschkent, Ferghand.

B. Herzensteini, Anc, Turkestan.

B. Herzensteini, var pellucens, Anc.—
Turkestan.

B. labiellus, v. Mart—Mounts Tarbagatai.

B. labiellus, var. minor, Anc., Eastern Tur-
kestan.

*B. Asiaticus, Mouss., Kuldscha.

B. Asiaticus, var? cylindrocouns, Anc., Kuld-
scha.

B. Asiaticus, var ?
scha.

*B. Asiaticus, var? Vamberyi, Anc. Kuld-
scha.

B. subobscurus, Anc.—Daraty—bulak.

B. Griffithi, Benson.— Afghanistan.

Southern Turk-

Regeliana, Anc. Kuld-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 7

GENUS MASTUS.

M. chion, Pfr. Soliman Range.
*M. polygyratus, Pfr.—Bender—Abbas.
M. pullus, Gray.—A fghanistan.

The above has been referred by me to Gen.
Runina; altogether I think now Mastus is
sufficiently distinct from the former in being
always smaller and never truncate.

*The species marked with an asterisk are not rep-
resented in my collection and I should be much
obliged to anybody who should be able to send
them to me for examination or exchange as
well as any new species from that country.

In the lot I have alluded to, were speci-
mens of a Helix, new for Samarkhand and
Central Asia, viz. H. Dschulfensis, Dubois,
and also Patula ruderata var., angulosa,Mouss.
(The latter is perhaps, the same as Patula rud-
erata var, opulens, Westerlund, which is itself
very close to the Japanese P. pauper, Gould.)

Young Collectors’ Corner.

HELICES IN FAIRMOUNT PARK.

PHILADELPHIA.

BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

As some account of the Helices in Fair-
mount Park may prove interesting to your
younger readers, I take the liberty of sending
this article. There are about ten prominent
species inside of the Park limits. These are
as follows:—AH. albolabris, H. alternata, H.
arborea, H. bucculenta, HH, concava, H. hir-

suta, Hl. izera, H. minuta, H. tridentata and
ff, suffusus. Your at least of this number are
strictly localized; viz.. . albolabris, HH. con-
cava, H. minuta and 1, suffusus.

The others may be found at various points
in the Park; their distribution depending
chiefly upon the character of the vegetation.
Some species affect the bushy hillsides, some
the woods, and others the open meadows and
damp places, but in almost every case they
prefer the under sides of logs and stones ex-
cept at feeding times when they may be seen
browsing upon the leaves of adjacent shrub-
bery. So far, I have found %. adolabris in but
one place which is at the angle formed by the
Richmond branch of the Philadelphia and
Reading Railroad, and the north-west corner
of Laurel Hill near the end of the bridge.

Unfortunately there are not many to be seen
at the present time as the blasting for the new
River Road destroyed most of the Ailanthus
bushes upon which they chiefly fed. Only a
short time before the rocks were removed I
took over 200 specimens from a space less than
50 feet square. A number of these were cap-
tured upon the Ailanthus bushes in the act of
eating the foul-smelling leaves, a fact which
seems to prove that no plant is too offensive to
be used as food by some animal. Very many
of these specimens were in perfect condition ;
as may be learned from the sample in the Phila-
delphia collection on the second floor of the
Academy of Natural Sciences. The writer was
the probable discoverer of this colony, which is
is safe to say has never been equalled in thit
region either in number or in perfection of
form and color.

Nearly opposite to this locality, on the west
side of the Schuylkill just south of the bridge
crossing the old carriage road, very many /7.
ligera and Hf. alternata may be found. Here
the conditions are much the same as were those
already described ; large stones being scattered
about and many Ailanthus bushes growing be-
tween. But strange to say not a single speci-
men (so far as I know), of #. albolabris, has
ever been seen in the vicinity; and what is
quite as singular, no representatives of the spe-
cies so plentiful here, have been found with
the //. abolabris just over the river.

8 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

On the eastern embankment of the Phila-
delphia and Reading Railroad, about 200 yards
below Belmont Landing, the remains of an old
spring house may be seen with the water still
bubbling up among its ruins,across which rests
the trunk of a fast decaying tulip poplar. Here
among the stones and scoria deposited by the
railroad company, flourish large numbers of //.
ligera, H. alternata, H.buccutenta and A. hir-
swta with occasionally a lone specimen of £7. szs/f-
asus. By digging a few inches into the scoria
immediately south of the western end of the
ruins, the careful hunter may also find some
eood #7. concava, a species which is, doubtless,
quite rare in the Park; this being the only place
in which the writer has found it. On the north
side of the ruins, just under the leaves, I se-
cured one day last November, more than a
score of the finest 4/7. dmceulenta that I have
seen anywhere.

‘It should be remembered, however, that the
beauty and perfection of this and of most other
species depend as much upon certain phases
of the weather, as upon the prevalence of suit-
able food. A dry season not only retards the
srowth of the animal but often causes an ero-
sion of the shell which makes it unfit for cab-
inet purposes. Nevertheless some good speci-
mens may be collected here at any time be-
tween April and October.

Still further south, along the embankment, a
few specimens of //, trzdentafa may be secured
by searching under the old rail-road ties seat-
tered about. At this point also, a few A. ar-
éorea may be obtained, though these have
always been more plentiful among the old logs
fronting Landsdowne Mansion. Here, in De-
cember, 1885, I found a colony literally en-
cased in the ice which filled a small crevice in
a log; and I was not a little surprised after
melting them out, to find the tiny fellows as
lively as though they had experienced no un-
usual hardship. As already stated several of
the species referred to, occur in various other
parts of the Park, especially upon the hill-sides
bordering the Wissahickon Creek and about
the wooded flats between the stream and car-
riage way just east of Ridge Avenue. They
are, however, far less abundant than in the
localities specially mentioned.

f/. minuta, the only species that remains to
be noticed, is probably,in this region the rarest
of them all. I have never found it here except
at a point near the Connecting Railroad, one-
third of a mile above Columbia avenue. About
50 specimens were secured on that occasion,
all taken from the bottom of an old “tie”
which laid in a wet, grassy meadow. The
shell, as its name implies, is very small, but its
recurved bell-like lip, and pearly lustre make
it an object easily observed. Two days later
I visited the locality again but the ‘tie’’ as
well its fellows had been changed to ashes
and smoke.

ON COLLECTING AND PRESERV-
ING CHITONS.

RY GEO. W. MICHAEL, JR., MORRO, CALA,

N the May numberof the ‘Conchologists’
Exchange” I note Prof. Keep’s directions
for preserving Chitons. IT have had much

experience with Chitons,and find it is awkward —
while collecting to carry along boards and
candle wicking and tie down every specimen
as you find it, for if you collect two specimens
at a time, one will curl up while you are tying
the other. I carry along a ean with a tight
lid. Tusea gallon milk can. As fast as I
find the Chitons I drop them into the can
which I keep filled with sea water. If they
curl up they soon open and attach themselves
to the can and will remain there until you
reach home or camp, when you can remove
them at your leisure and tie them down to
boards. For this I use narrow strips of ‘cot-
ton rag, which I find better than candle
wicking. On my last trip I had 50 or 60
Chitons in the can, and nearly every one was
in fine condition on the following morning,
after being driven over ten miles of rough
roads. h

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

VALVES.

One of the associate editors of ** Conchologia
Ceestrica,’’ is dead in the person of the vener-
able Dr. Ezra Michener.

We should be pleased to correspond with
any collector having original information re-
specting “Pearls,” their crowth, size and modes
of collection.

The Conchological Museum of the Academy
of Natural Sciences contains 45,184 trays and
written tablets and 165.858 specimens. (Report
of the Conchological Section for 1886.)

We know of nothing more beautifui to the
and instructive to the mind than a cabinet

eye
of shells. They should be carefully selected,
neatly arranged and proudly shown to all
comers.

Whitfield contributes two
valuable articles to the ‘“ Bulletin of the Mu-
seum of Natural History,’’ of interest to con-
chologists, viz: ‘Description of Lymnza
( Bulimnzea) megasoma,Say, with an account of

Proffessor R. P.

EXCHANGE

“The Collectors’ Association of Mt. Pulaski,
Illinois,” which was organized June 19, 1887,
is intended for collectors in all branches of
Natural History, Philately and Numismatics,
living in Mt. Pulaski and vicinity. The fol-
lowing officers were elected at the first meeting:
O. H. Phinney, President. M. F. Laushbaugh,
Vice-President; O. L. Rankin, Secretary; V.
P. Pumpelly, Librarian; T. R. Laushbaugh,
Treasurer. We wish the Association all the
success imayinable and trust they will soon be

| able to possess a library and collection of their

changes produced in the offspring by unfavor- |

able conditions of life; and “ Notice of a new
Cephalapod from the Niagara rocks of In-
diana.”

Upon a recent visit to Dr. W. H. Rush, of
Philadelphia,we were much interested in some
water-colors of shells in his collection. We have
good reason to conclude from the abundant in-
formation at the Doctor’s command that a work
upon the Mollusca of the Atlantic coast of the
United States would be very acceptable to sci-
ence,and the Doctor is welcome to the sugges-
tion.

Dr. W. H. Rush, of Philadelphia, kindly
informs us that Volta Couldiana was found
in from 150 to 200 fathoms, 7 miles South-by-
East of Fowey Rock Light, Florida. But
three specimens were found. One of these
is in the cabinet of the National Museum, at
Washington, one in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., and one in
Dr. Rush’s collection, where we had the
pleasure of seeing it upon a recent inspection
| of the Doctor’s fine cabinet.

own. Societies for the intelligent study of
Science should be universally encouraged and
we hope the example of ‘‘The Collectors’ As-
sociation” will be extensively followed.

CORRESPONDENCE.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, D. C., June 29, 1887.

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange :
Sir: Enclosed please find subscription to

your little paper, for which I hope all prosper-
aaa

ity and progress.

I may add as an item of news not without
some interest, that the rare ARtra Fergusont
of Sowerby, described and quoted as from
* Panama’”’ (where it was probably purchased),
has been found upon the Swan Islands, be-
tween Cuba and Honduras, in the Caribbean
Sea, by a recent collector of the National
Museum. Conzmitra, Conrad, described as a
fossil, is found living in the Antilles at con-
siderable depths. The coloration of the new
species recalls that of Aleta cedonulli. Mesor-
Ayévs is another form from the same region
until lately only known in a fossil state, while
the discovery of Amzuszam Mortoni in the
Gulf of Mexico, living, by the Fish Commis-
sion, is another fact of the same sort. <A
pretty little AZitra, about 3-8 of an inch long
and sub-cylindrical, with beautiful wavy, close
transvegse lirations, and a claret brown tint

_ when fresh, has been named M/tra Rushi7, in

of Dr. W. H. Rush, of Philadelphia.

honor

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCIIANGE

A fine new Volu¢a (Gouldiana, n. s.), from the
same region reaches two or three inches in
length, is covered with fine revolving lines, re-
sembles V. /unonia in shape but is more
slender; resembles V. dzbza in the crenulated
shoulder of the early whorls and belongs to
the same section (Awrinza), but differs from
all other Volutes of the group in having the
colors of plum and fawn, distributed in broad,
revolving bands of great elegance. It has two
plaits upon the column and no operculum, The
riches of the Antillean deeps are hardly touch-
ed yet! Yours sincerely,

Wie DAD:

BLACKLIST THEM.

Ep. CoNcHoLocists’ EXCHANGE: Sz -—
Blacklist whom? Why a lot of conchological
frauds who get honest collectors by fair prom-
ises and tempting offers, to send them shells
and then perhaps never even acknowledge their
receipt,to say nothing of making any return. It
is not any particular grievance that causes me
to write this,but a number. I have to-day,per-
haps, 1000 species due from those who have
made the fairest promises, not a shell of which
I ever expect to receive, and my experience is
that of many others. I believe in calling things
by their right names, and I say that any one
who induces a conchologist to send shells, and
then deliberately makes no return, whatever, is
no better than a thief. Persons so inclined
have a great advantage, as the innocent sender
is generally far away and cannot inflict personal
chastisement,and the law will hardly take hold
of such acase. This swindling business is on
the increase. Five years ago I hardly knew a
dishonest exchanger; to-day I can count these
shell frauds by the dozen. There is a bitter
feeling growing against these thieves among
the honest and reliable, and already from a
number of my better exchanges I have received
lists of the black sheep, with warnings against
him,and a request to send the list along the line.
This is our only protection. Whenever any one
is found out beyond a doubt to be a fraud,pub-
lish him far and near and stop his disreputable

business. Of course there may be cases when
an honest person is unavoidably delayed in
making a return exchange, but I thik that in
such cases an explanation can generally be
given. Any one who has time to correspond
with you, to reply every time by return mail
until he gets your shells, who can make out a
tempting exchange listand select what he wants
from yours,can certainly get time to dropa card
and acknowledge your sending, and if it is im-
possible to make a prompt return then let him
say so honorably and give the reason why.

SoME of my correspondents who have been
taken in do not like to say anything about it for
fear that these swindlers will retaliate on them.
There need be no fear on this score. A person
who swindles one will swindle all and can have
but little inftuence. A person who deals hon-
orably in his exchanges can always refer to his
correspondents when writing to a stranger.

Do not be in a hurry to denounce any one as
a fraud. (Give a correspondent plenty of time.
give him the benefit of every doubt. And if
after repeated dunnings you can get no reply,
pass his name around, and warn your fellow
exchanges to beware of him and ask him to
pass it around. It is time such stealing was
stopped and that these rascals were set aside
by themselves; apart from those who are
prompt and honest, where they can swindle
each other to their hearts content.

Somewhat Indignantly Yours,

CuHaAs. T. SIMPSON,

June 17, 1887. Ogalalla, Nebraska.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Bulletin of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, New York City, for May, 1887;
also, Index to Vol. I. 1881 to 1886; from A.
Woodward, Esq., Librarian of the Museum.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the Entomo-.
logical Society of Ontario; from Rev. C. J. 5.
3ethune, Editor Canadian Entomologist, Pt.
Hope, Ontario.

The Agassiz Companion: from Wm. H.
Plank, Wyandotte, Kansas.

THE - CONCHOEOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE 11

Our August number will contain two valua-
ble contributions from Mr. C. F. Ancey, and
one very instructive article from the pen of
Dr. Wm. H. Rush, of Philadelphia, describ-
ing his dredging operations upon the Atlantic
and Gulf Coasts.

STRIA.

Dr. Edward Schnitzer, otherwise known as
Emin Pasha, who is now in the interior of
Africa, is an enthusiastic lover of Natural His-
tory and much is expected of him should the
Stanley expedition for his relief result favora-
bly. While at the University of Breslau, he
became the intimate friend of Dr. R. Long,
and of the late Rudolph von Uechritz, whose
death we announced in a former issue. His
intimacy with these savants led him to be-
come an explorer and accounts for his present
journey to Central Africa.

NECROLOGY

Dr.Didrik Ferdinand Didrichsen died March
Igth, in his 72nd year.

The death at Calcutta, is reported of Abbe
Ben. Scortechim, a young Italian mycologist
and explorer.

Mrs. Lucy W. Say, widow, of the eminent
naturalist, died Nov. 15, 1887,at the advanced
age of eighty-six years.

Mr. John Gibson,of the Natural History De-
partment of the Edinburgh Museum of Science
and Art, is deceased. He was the author of
“Science Gleanings”’ and other works.

Dr. Ezra Michener, of New Garden Town-
ship, died June 24th, 1887, in his 93d year.
He studied medicine in his youth,Dr. David J.
Davis being his preceptor and in 1818 gradua-
ted from the University of Pennsylvania. Dur-
ing his long practice of sixty years he found
time to study Natural History and made exten-
sive collections in Zoology, most of which he
gave to Swarthmore College, but we regret to
say they were entirely destroyed in the late fire.
With Dr. Wm. D. Hartman as a companion
he prepared the Natural History Department
of Judge Futhey’s History of Chester County.
He aided the late Dr. William Darlington in

the compilation of “ Flora Czestrica,” published
in 1853; while every conchologist should know
of ‘ Conchologia Czstrica,” edited conjointly
by him and Dr. Hartman. He had a world:
wide reputation and was spoken of in the high-
est terms by Professor Agassiz, the elder. Dr.
Michener was a member of The Academy of
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia and of num:
erous other scientific institutions, all of which
will miss a friend and earnest worker.

Gxchange Column.

Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be
cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20
words, including address, ro cents ; for each additional
10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No exchange will
be inserted for less than 1o cents.

Each subscriber to Volume II, will have the privilege
of inserting three (3) /ree exchanges of twenty-five (25)
words each, including address. This rule is made to
include those who have already subscribed in good
faith at the old rate, 35 cents, or those who have
received ‘‘New.Subscription’”’ blanks and are engaged
n soliciting subscriptions at the former price.

WANTED—In perfect condition, with localities :—
CYPREA aurantium, nivosa, exusta, Scotti, thersites,
tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and umbili-
cata. MUREX, Sauliz, palma-rosz and tenuispina.
OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, porphyria, tene-
brosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus, latissimus and
melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra, junonia, imperialis,
magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana and rare Asiatic, Aus-
tralian, African and South American Bulimi, Helicide
and Unionide.

OFFERED.—>s0 species of Tertiary and other Fossils
from Southern States and Europe, Woodward’s Manual
of the Mollusca 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Ex-
tinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Nai-
ades, ’52 edtn: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of
Mastodon’s, 1o plates: Agassiz & Gould’s Cain: Phy-
siology: Bohn’s edt’n: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryp-
togamia: lLea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New ed
Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretacceus Flora,s5o
plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6
Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out, uncut, or any of the
shells on my Price Lists which I may have in duplicate.
Parties not having any of the shells wanted above, need
not apply. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE

Offered.—Fine specimens marine and land shells for
perfect echinoderms. Land and fresh-water shells
from the South and Southwest for reptiles in alcohol,
D.W.FERGUSON, 138 Wilson Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Offered.—Unio Leibii, Lea, and 75 other-species of
N. Amer. land and fresh-water shells, Collectors please
send lists and receive mine. JEROME TROMBLY,
Petersburgh, Mich

Wanted.—American correspondents interested in
the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo,
etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex-
change. V. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O.

Offered.—Nassa vibex; Oliva literata, reticularis;
Columbella mercatoria; Cypraea caput-serpentis, erosa,
helova, lynx, moneta; Nerita tessellata, peleronta ;

Fissurella| Barbadensis; Donax variabilis; Dosina
discus; Cardium magnum. Wanted.—Shells and

works on Conchology, JOHN B. WHEELER, East
Templeton, Mass.

Cyclas dentata, Terebra dislocata, Sigaretus perspec-
tivus, Sphzerium securis and striatinum, Zonites sup
pressa, Helix fallax and many others to exchange for
Land and Fresh-water shells. A. K. FAIRCHILD,
Whippany, N. J.

Offered: —15 species Unios including Aberti,
purpuratus, Schoolcraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species
Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita,
Kans.

Marine Algew, Shells, Sea Curiosities, (all correctly
named), for Alga, Shells, or Bird’s Eggs. All letters
answered, S. R: MORSE, Atlantic City, N. J.

Wanted :—Correspondence on Natural and Mental
Science. For Exchange—‘‘ Livingstone’s Travels’’ and
other good works for books. J. B. NICHOLS, Cazen-
ovia, N. Y.

L. S. Fossils fora good Phacops Trilobite, Steele’s
Geology, Minerals or Ind. Relics of Slate or Copper.
W.H. BEAN, Lebanon, O.

_150—1st. class side-blown Birds’ Eggs to exchange for
Coins, Stamps, fine specimens of Indian Arrow-heads
and Minerals —WILLIS P. ARNOLD, Shannock,
RI

Offered: — Ensatella Americana, Petricola phol-
adiformis, Angulus_ tener, Say; Macoma fragilis, Ad.;
Tottenia gemma, Tot.; Modiola plicatula, Urosalpinx
cinerea, Say; Rissoa minuta, Purpura lapillus, Nassa
trivittata, Lunatia heros, Melampus bidentatus, Unio
nasutus, U. complanatus, Sphzrium rhomboideum,
Say; S. partumerium, Succinea Totteniana, Lea;
S. ovalis, Gould; Littorina, Odostomia, &c., for other
shells. EDWARD W. ROPER, Revere, Mass

| specimens for Shells, Fossils or Minerals.

Wanted :—To exchange Minerals, Birds’-Eggs in
sets, land and fresh-water Shells for the same. E. M.

| GOODWIN, Hartland, Vt.

Fine Fossils and Shells for Ind. Relics and Fossils ;
also Stamps and Coins for the same. JAS. W. JONES,
Pt. Townsend, Wash. Terr.

Ripidolite, Kyanite, Jasper, Albite, etc., all large
No small
H. I. CARD,Lock Box 54, Willi-

specimens accepted.
mantic, Ct.

I will exchange fine Minerals for Fossils, Eggs, Min-
erals, Ind. Relics, etc. WM.C. BANK, Cove Mills,
Stamford, Ct.

Offers requested in exchange for many of the
smaller mollusks of the waters south of Hatteras.
W. H. RUSH, M.D., 1308 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa.

The West American
Scientist.

This Journal, establised in 1884, begins a new volume

lasa 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of

POPULAR SCIENCE
A feature consists of articles on topography and natural
history of Upper and Lower California.
Scientists are contributors

Eminent
Price $1.00 per year, 10
cents acopy. Send 25 cents for a 4 months’ trial sub-
scription. Agents wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Ebitor,
San Diego. Cal.

DO YOU WANT SPECIMENS ?

Shark’s Egg . 5c | Chinese Chop-Sticks . 12c
Star Fish . 5¢ ‘eee ois . 5c
Sea Urchin . 5¢ | 5 Fine minerals. . . 1§c

200 Sea Shells, small but good 15c; or

COMMON SENSE
a large 12-column paper devoted to collec-
tors, a whole year, with any one of the above,
for 25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now.
Large exchange column free to subscribers.

| Send at once.

F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 13

{

| To every person sending so names with the accom-
| panying cash a collection of 75 species and 250 speci

OUR PREMIUM LIST. oe

To every person sending 25 names and the cash, will

A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND | je sent a collection of 40 species and 125 specimens

BRIGHT.
{ =
Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we | These offers consist of choice shells in fine condition
will forward to the originator of the club, $1.00’s | with correct name and locality in each instance; and
worth of shells at List prices. will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange. A few

ed 5 Ss of the genera from which the above will be selected are
R hel pont alters a is as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea. Pyrula, Cas-
ae BS eee = sad EAE ee sidulus, Pleuratoma, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Purpura ,
pag cae : Pp P 9-25 ones Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Tasciolaria, Dittorina, Gonioba-
15 subscribers. sis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepidula, Nerita, Neritina,
Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis, Chiton, Helix, Bulimus,
Achatina, Achatinella, Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymn a,
Cyclostoma, Pyshia, Pholas, Mactra, Tellinu, Donax,
Venus, Cytherea, Tapes, Cardium, Unio; Anodonta;
Modiola, Arca, Pecten and others.
ee : * These offers are made simply to increase tha popular
Reeryons Sthactural aud Syeeaaue Soe oey, interest in that beautiful and highly interesting study—
Pp wv sent free for $17.50, and the names! Conchology ; as well as to extend the subscription list o!
of so subscribers. | ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange,’’ a monthly publica-
a, ' tion to which every shell-collector should subscribe.

Woodward’s ‘‘Manual of the Mollusca,’’ 1880 edi-
tion, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30
subscribers.

Tryon’s ‘‘ Monograph of the Tercestrial Mollusca of
the United States,’”’ plain edition, will be sent free for
$35 and the names of roo subscribers.

Sowerby’s ‘‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ | Special Notice.

264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for
$52.50 and the names of 150 subscribers.

AND LOOK We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or
more subscribers, and in no case will individual sub-
4s For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers, | scriptions be received at less than the new rate of 50
we will send, express prepaid, one of cents. By request the above Lists will be held open
until December 1, 1887, so that those who intend to
Queen’s Educational Microscopes subscribe will find it to their advantage to form Clubs
7 of five or more and thus secure the benefit of the re-
duction. In addition to these splendid Premiums every
subscriber to Volume II has a premium in the shape of
three (3) free exchanges annually.

mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable
eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A
fine chance for an active worker.
Parties desiring to secure the benefits of the above
PREMIUMS IN SHELLS. truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of subscri-
2 bers together with the subscriptions, until they have
To every person sending us before December t, 1887, | completed their list, but should send them soon as re-
the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club-Rate of | ceived and we will keep an exact account of them.
35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new subscribers),
a choice collection of shells consisting of 150 species and A COMMISSION of 30 per cent in CASH will be
500 Specimens. paid in lieu of the above premiums.

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF
“Random Notes on Natural History,’ containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’

for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex, Chest. Hill, Phila.

14 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE
Price-List of Shells CHONDROPOMA. cingulata, Stud. . 3 LOWE
ee ae sees *Shuttleworthii, Pfr, 20 es «< v. incerta,
received since the issue 0 oncnolo- 1 7

gists’ Exchange No. g and ro. CHITON. ein eee d dl 1

Terms cash with order. Express granulatus, Gmel. . 20,25 | g aa a, otud. v. adnhe-
charges to be borne by purchaser in sina, Paul . . . 10,15
all cases. Discount of 5 per cent. on FASCIOLARIA. |
orders for $5.00 and over. <elinaeel O | HYALINA.

a pa, 39°75 deducta, Peal . . . BES
Noz, L.. vie - 20,25 FISSURELLA. MEGALAMASTOMA
fusca, Brug . 20 | Barbadensis, Gmel. . . 10 | mani, 'Poey.. .. ».... . = 20;25
BUCCINUM. PURPURA.
*undatum, Lam. . . ...20 to 30 HELICINA.
y *Sagraiana, D’Orb . 25 *tincta (Key ees + ORS

me BULIMUS. : : *patula, Le; 2) arto 35
spirifer, Gabb, ay ceeelise ZO
nape 5 HELIX. TROCHATELLA.

hs see . ~ }

Bergeri, Roth, . 10 | guanensis, Poey . 30, 40 | “regina, Morelet . = 25730

syriacus, Ehr. . 10 | planospira, Lam. v. *regina,Morelet, var. (1) 30
Kibersealrns ais cde 15 | *regina, Morelet, var. (2) 30
CYGLOSTOMA. erence
dentatum, Say. . . 5 cisalpma, Stab. _v. ; TURBINELLA.
lactaria, Gould . Ba Adami,. fo) | muricatum, Lam., - 30,40
Srlee aii Mull. . 5 Sicana, Fer... . . : 10 | nassa, D’Orb. . + 15,25
ammonis,A. Schmidt, 5 TELLINA :

CLAUSILIA- muralis, Mull., es ‘ 5 | radiata, L. . . 10,20
virgata, Jan . 3 ea v. cris. . 5
piceata, Zgl . ; 3,5 | frigidissima, Adami, (2600 Pa ih FURBO; 6
itala, G. v. Mart . 5 | m. ab. sea). . ‘ 2G))| Piao ae - 2504

“ oO 6 var: 5 | colubrina, Lam., v. Medoa-

Grohmani, Phil. 5 censis, . . 15,20
Sebourghiz, Paul. 5 sas) venubilas 15,20 | South American.
ventricosus, Drap. 3,5 | emula, Rossm. . A 5 :
bolensis, DeBetta . 3 | tarentina, Pfr.v.picta. . 2415 Ww : oe is
solida; “Dap. 22" 2. 3 | bathyomphala, Charp... Bly coe 4 : : 251030
Lampedusa, Calcora . . 5 | meridionalis, Parr B55 ZieNiaee Pfr ee 25 ». 39
agrigentina, Bourgt . 3 | destituta, Charp, . 5 || 200 Seen ee : sateen
lineolata, Hild. . 3,5 | Hermesiana, Pini, 10,15 phlogerus, te rm. - 30% 40
ZHI, NN ee ge 3,5 | meda, Porro... . . 3,5 | Akg ice aL - $1 00
candidilabris, Zglr.. . 5 | lenticula, Fer. . 3 | cblongus, fun: a iene
Stenzii, Zglr. 3,5 | Baldensis, Villa. . 5,10 | oblongus, Mull, sm. var. 40
calabrica, Mouss . 5 | carthusianella Drap.v.arven- ae HELIX.
fusca, DeBetta, 5| sis, Pini. . Ele ape ae Gent Bas: -
plicatula, Drap. var. . . 5 | turrita, Phil, B55) lactea, Mull (introduced) — 10
exoptala, Schm. . 3 | rupestris, Drap., v. Pini, | .. HELICINA.
Vindobonensis, Zglr. . . 5 Adami, 3 | variabilis, Guild . 5
dubii, Drap, var. obsoleta, obvia, Hartm. . 5,10 | AMPULLARIA.

Schm. des ‘ 5 | apennina, Porro, 5,10] ¥scalaris, D’Orb . 30 toso
Adamii, Clessin, . 5,10 | setifiensis, Bourgt, 10,15 CERITHIUM
Recubariensis, DeBetta,. 5 | strigata, Mull . GeO = é
: : a) caudatum, Sby 10
Strobeli, Porro . 5 | apiculus, Rossm. . 3
lenoensis, Villa. . 5 conoidea, Drap. Bil Ricca or OR 5
orthostoma, Mke.. . .. 5 | apicina, Lam. var.. . 31
Styriaca, A. Schmidt, . . 5 | variabilis, Drap. var. . . 5 | *operculated.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE

Fine Books for Sale.

SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.

Kirby and Spence. An Introduction
to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural
History of Insects. With Plates; by Wm.
Kirby and Wm. Spence; 4th edtn; 4vols.
half morocco; London, 1822. Price $18:

fowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos-
sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol-
ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264

original plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo; half
morocco. London (N. D.). Price $15.

Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with
Appendix by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23
plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Lon-
don, 1880 edition. Price $2.50 post-paid.
Formerly $2.60.

The same, 1875 edtn, $2 post-paid.

Drury. D. Exotic Entomology. Illustra-
tions of, wherein are exhibited upwards of
600 insects of the East and West Indies,
China, New Holland, North and South
America, Germany, etc., very few of which
are figured in any other work. New edition
with additions and Scientific Indexes by J.
O. Westwood. 150plates beautifully color-
ed. 3 vols., 4-to. Half morocco, uncut.
London 1837. Price $25.

“This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete

insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to
be desired.’’-Sir James E. Smith.

Tryon, Geo.W. Jr. Structural and Sys-
tematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of

Conchology. The latest works for Conchol-
ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. |

Circulars sent on application.

SprciaL Norice:-A few second hand copies |

of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con-
chology for sale at $5.00—-Cash. Postage
prepaid.

Gould, John. A Century of Birds from
the Himalaya Mountains. Folio; hatf mo-
rocco. (Scarce.) Price $70.

Stephens, James and Francis. _ II-
lustrations of British Entomology ; or, a
Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing
their generic and specific distinctions. _Em-
bellished with colored figures of the rarer
and more interesting species. 12 volumes ;
half roan. London, 1828. Price $50.

Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica ;
or, Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interest-
ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London
1845. Price $27.50.

Random Notes on Natural His-
tory. This journal, now out of print, is
rapidly becoming scarce. We offer the back
numbers containing the previous chapters
of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive
article upon “The Shell Bearing Mollusca
of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check Lists of Shells,’’ besides numerous
articles of interest to the conchologist, at
the following prices:

Vol. I, complete . . $1 50

Vol. I, minus Nos. I and 2.. I 00
Vol. II, complete I 00
Vol. III, complete 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six
(6) cents per volume. A fine chance to
secure the best descriptive history of Rhode
Island shells ever written. The subsequent
chapters of Mr. Carpenter’s article are now
being published in ‘The Conchologists’
Exchange,’ beginning with No. 12, of
Volume I,

| The American Naturalist. Odd copies
for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep-
tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July
to December; Vol. XVII, January, May to
December; Vol. XVIII. January and Feb-
ruary; Index: to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and
25 cents each.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange
CHESTNUT HILL,
| PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

12 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHAN GE

(I COLLECTIONS OF se

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELLS AL OTE EOW PRICE “OPO: CENTS aa
SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPO
TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID
BY SENDER: ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

SHELLS NAMED.2

Fossil Ferns.

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns Pow Prwnng

from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ills., properly

named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for
choice Marine Shells.

ee ra cs Rese | Mermaid Lane
ET See eames ||. Chestunt: bull
12-3 Morris, Il.
|
FOR oA Le. |
Geological and Archzological Specimens and Scien- 9 EGGS
tific Books. Corals from the falls of the Ohio, a spec- SKINS
ialty. Can furnish from a single specimen to one
hundred thousand. Correspondence with advanced EYES

collectors solicited. Best of reference given and satis-
faction guaranteed or money refunded.

PROF. G. K. GREENE, EGG DRILLS, BLOW PIPES, INSECT
Mention this paper Sees | PINS, AND ALL
Supplies for Naturalists

1,000 ecies : ‘
’ Sp and Taxidermists.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE | ALSO

SHELLS ~ @ MINERALS®AND®SHELLS 3}

AMERICAN AND FOREIGN | 3
Send for Catalogues.

7,000 Specimens, Fine, |
$300, | JAMES M. SOUTHWICK,

Address P, O, Box 117, Natural History Store,
Santa Barbara, Cala. Providence. R. I.

Che Concholomsts Exchange.

Vou. II.

INO; 2.

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AUGUST, 1887.

A Publication Designed for Conchologists and
Scientists generally.

ISSUED MONTHLY
BY

WM DW AVERELL,

Epitor anp PuB.isHer.

4a5- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the
tenth of each month,

TERMS:
Subscription, Volume II. - -
Single copies, 5 cents each.

Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal
Note, or by Registered Letter. Unused United
States Postage Stamps will be received in any
amount in payment of bills.

Address all correspondence to

WM. D. AVERELL,
Editor and Publisher,
Chestnut Hill.

50 cts.

Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A.
ADVERTISING RATES.

One inch, displayed, 1 month..... ..$ 50
One inch, displayed, 3 months......... . 1 00
One-half column, displayed, 1 month... 2 00
One-half column, displayed, 3 months. 4 00
One column, displayed, ] month.......... 4 00
One column, displayed, 3 months......... 8 00

Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as
second-class matter.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW
DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE
DATE ON WRAPPER.

N arecent letter from our friend, Professor
Josiah Keep, of California, he expressed the
hope that some competent person would

write a history of “East Coast Shells’ as a
companion yolume to “ West Coast Shells,”
just issued by him. It is to be hoped that,
should such a work be designed, it will be
edited for the express purpose of instructing
beginners in the study of the Conchology of

the Atlantic Coast of the United States; for
therein, coupled with the evident design of the
author to make himself clearly understood, lies
the charm in Professor Keep’s useful little
work. To complete the trio, why may we not
have Gulf Coast Shells? Who would have
honor thrust upon him? To earn the lasting

gratitude of the rising generation is meat and
drink indeed.

A VERY novel way of pleasing poor children,
the bed-ridden sick, and others needing amuse-
ment combined with instruction, and not hav-
ing the means to secure it, has been tried with
success in London. This is the distribution of
several thousand packages of shells by a So-
ciety formed for the purpose. Go and do like-
wise.

WE will print in next number, “On the
Distribution of Land and Fresh Water Shells
in the Tropics,” a paper of high merit, by Mr.
Charles T. Simpson, whose successful researches
in Southern waters haye been chronicled in
former numbers of our journal.

Now that school-days are upon you, don’t
forget that a little extra time at recess, or of
evenings, in securing subscribers to THE CoNn-
CHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE will greatly benefit
you. Look at“Our Premium List” and be
convinced.

WRITE about Conchology for the young
folks, and you will please first, the children’s
parents; secondly, the “bairns”’ themselves;
and thirdly, the children’s friend, THE Con-
CHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

WE have received several complaints about
the non-receipt of back numbers. In every
case these have been promptly sent, and if
there is any fault to be found, it is with the
mails.

WELCOME to the Constitutional Centennial,
September 15th, 16th and 17th.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE,

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XX XVIII.

Class Pelecypoda or Acephala.

Synonyms: Conchifera, Lamarck; Lamelli-

branchiata, Blainville; Bivalves, common

name.

Acephala means headless, and the animals of
this class have no head, and are the lowest in
the scale‘of being. There is no sexual union
between the animals of this class, fertilization
being accomplished by the surrounding water,
containing the male element. They breathe by
means of gills only, and are therefore inhabi-
tants of water, mostly marine, though there are
a few genera which live in fresh water.
organs of the animal are enclosed in a mem-
braneous sac, called the mantle, one fold of
which covers each side, and is in turn pro-
tected by a shelly valve. In many species: the
mantle is prolonged into a tube called the si-
phon. It may seem strange to be told that our
clam has no head, but that which is popularly
called the head, is in fact, the siphons of the
animal united in one tube, which projects two
inches or more beyond the shell. At the .ex-
treme end are two orifices, one of which serves
to convey the currents of water (caused by the
agitation of the fringed cilia at this point), to
the gills, where it is filtered, and the particles
contained in it carried to the stomach; the other
siphon serving to expel the purified water. It
is said that if clams are placed in a basin of sea

water containing indigo, they will, in a short |

time, render it perfectly clear, by collecting the
minute particles of the impurity and condensing
them into a solid form; and not only indigo,
but whatever particies may be contained in the
water, organic or inorganic, animal, vegetable
or mineral, are thus. removed, and the water
purified. The thousands who visit our shores
every summer to partake of the luscious clam-
bake of Rhode Island, may not be aware that
they are filling up on the sewage of the city, but |

ithe |

as no one was ever known to be injured by eat-
ing any amount of them, concentrated and re-
fined sewage, obtained in this way, must be
healthy. The orders and sub-orders of the
class, Pelecypoda are named from the peculiar-
ities of the animal, and the families, genera and
species, from the form of the shell, &c.

The shells of this class have two valves, thus
distinguishing them from all those heretofore
described in these papers. ‘These valves are
equal sided as well as equivalve, thus distin-
guishing them from the Brachiopoda, which
are inequivalve although equal sided. ‘The
valves in Brachiopoda are termed upper and
lower, but in Pelecypoda they are called right
and left, the animal living and moving in an

| upright position, resting on the thin edges of

the valves. These edges are called the ventral
edges, and the opposite ones the dorsal edges.
The two valves are united at their dorsal edges
by a ligament, and articulated by a hinge, gen-
erally furnished with interlocking teeth. The
valves open spontaneously by the action of this
elastic ligament, and are closed at the will of
the animal, by the powerful adductor muscles
which pass through the animal from side to
side, and are inserted upon the middle or side
of each valve, leaving a scar or impression upon
the shell. As I said before, bivalves live and
move in an upright position. There are excep-
tions to every rule, and this statement is not
correct as applied to all bivalves. Oysters,
scallops and some others, live on one side, and
the lower valve in these cases, is deeper and
more capacious than the upper.

A specimen of a common Unio, or fresh-
water clam, will serve to illustrate the meaning
of the terms used in descriptions of bivalve
shells. The apex is the point from which the
growth of the valves commences, and is called
the beak or umbo; these are near the “hinge,
that part of the shell growing least rapidly. As
the animal plows along through the sand or
mud, with the shell standing erect, and the
sharp edges of the valves down, and the shorter
portion of the shell nearest the apex forwards,
the valve which corresponds to your right side
is the right valve, and the opposite the left.
The whole of the upper length of the shell is
called the dorsal margin, and the opposite length
the ventral margin or base. The beaks are

THE

turned toward the shorter end of the shell,
which is called the anterior end, and the oppo-
site the posterior end. The ligament which
holds the valves together is situated on the dor-
sal margin, on the posterior side of the um-
bones. The dorsal margin is also called the
hinge line. The teeth just beneath the umbones
are called the cardinal teeth, and the ones on
either side, lateral teeth. Some bivalves have
no teeth, and the valves are held together only
by the ligament, and by the muscles of the
animal. The length of bivalves is measured
from the anterior to the posterior ends; the
breadth from the dorsal to the ventral margin ;
and the thickness from the centres of the closed
valves.

Class Pelecypoda consists of two orders;
Siphonida and Asiphonida; five sub-orders ;
forty-seven - families, and twenty-seven sub-
families.

ORDER SIPHONIDA.

Animal with siphons, and mantle margin
more or less closed. This order is divided into
two sub-orders ;—Sinupalliata and _ Integri-
palliata.

SUB-ORDER SINUPALLIATA.

Aninal with long siphons, partially or wholly
retractile; the pallial impression upon the in-
side of the valves having asinus. This sub-
order has fifteen families.

Family Gastrocheenidze, (Tubicolidze of La-
marck), is divided into three sub-families, five
- genera, ten sub-genera, and about forty species
living, and as many more fossil. They are all
burrowers in mud or stone, but do not inhabit
the Atlantic coast of the United States.

Family Teredidze has five genera and about
forty species. These animals burrow in wood,
floating logs, harbor piles, hulls of vessels, &c.
They inhabit Norway, England, Pacific Ocean,
&c. I haye never seen a specimen of any
species in Rhode Island, although I have heard
of specimens of Teredo being taken in New
Bedford, Mass., from whale ships that had been

: cruising ‘for years.

* CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE. 19

Family Pholadidze is divided into two sub-
families; Pholadinz with nine genera and
their sub-genera, and Jouannetinze, with five
genera, &c. The animals of this family are all
borers, and their shells are found imbedded in
all kinds of material, such as Limestone, Chalk,
Shale, Peat and Clay.

SUB-FAMILY PHOLADIN-.

Valves with an anterior gap, always open in
adult shells.

GENUS, PHOLAS, LINNAUS, 1757.

There are only four species of this genus,
three of which belong to the sub-genus Cyrto-
pleura, Tryon, 1862.

141.—Pholas costata, L.

Shell large, thin inflated, oblong-ovate, white,
covered with radiating toothed ribs. Length,
six inches; breadth and heighth, each two
inches. This:shell is very common in the West
Indies and on the Atlantic Coast of the South-
ern States. Itis sold in the markets of Ha-
vana, and is highly esteemed as an article of
food. The animal is phosphorescent and
when alive shines in the dark. It is said that
after eating this dainty, the lips of the eater
appear to be on fire. Until 1845 a living speci-
men of this species had never been found: within
one thousand miles of New England, but Pro-
fessor Adams had discovered a bed of dead
shells of all sizes, at New Bedford, Mass., with
indications that the living Pholads had inhab-
ited these shores at no very distant period. In
1845 Mr. Thomas A. Greene found several
living specimens in the mud, brought up by the
dredging machine, at the end of Long Wharf,
in New Bedford. He thought they must haye
burrowed two or three feet in the mud, Since
that time no other living specimens have been
discovered in New England, but as the ocean
shore of Rhode Island has not yet been thor-
oughly examined, the above facts would lead
me to believe that there is a possibility of its
yet being found here.

142.—Pholas (Cyrtopleura), truncata, Say.

Shell, chalky-white, oblong; beaks at the °
anterior third; anterior portion of the shell,
triangular, pointed ; posterior broadly truncated.

Length, three inches; heighth, one-and-a-half,
and breadth, one-and-a-quarter inches.

This species like the preceding, is of South-
ern distribution, was found by Say, in South
Carolina, and described in the Journal Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, in 1822.
A few specimens were taken at the same time
and place, with P. costata, at New Bedford, by
Mr. Greene. Perkins says “it is not rare at
New Haven, where it is found in peat bogs,
and in clay, at high water mark.” It was first
found in Rhode Island, in mud, brought up by
the dredger, in deepening the channel of Pro-
vidence River. There is a large bed of them
in clay, near Field’s Point, two miles south of
Providence, and they are common at Bristol,
and probably in many other places in Narra-
gansett Bay.

To be Continued.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.
(Continued. )
48.—Margaritana confragosa, Say.

Shell plicate; quadrate in outline. The
epidermis of this species varies from dark green
to dark brown. ‘This is our most beautiful
Margaritana, and being everywhere rather
rare, it is our most desirable shell for exchange.
It is very much plicated and much. inflated.
with incurved beaks having a deep furrow over
their summits, and highly ornamented with a
row of sharp tubercles on each side. The dark
brown varieties are ornamented with a dark
band running around the shell with the growth
lines. This species has a white nacre, and is
provided with heavy, solid teeth. It is a very
constant species with the exception of the color
of its epidermis, and cannot be easily con-
founded with any other. It is found only in
our river sloughs haying a muddy bottom,
where the water is still. Up to seven years
ago, I had found but two or three of this
species, but, for some unknown reason, in the
very localities where formerly I looked for it in

| straight and parallel with its hinge line.
| species is covered with beautiful green rays

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

vain, I now find’it more frequently. At times
it appears to be very active, while at other
times it must be sought after, buried in the
deep, soft mud.

49.—Margaritana deltoidea, Lea.

This small species was formerly abundant
in our creeks, but is now nearly extinct. It is
a smooth, triangular shell with a yellowish
brown epidermis, and has the growth lines
prominent and close. It has dull green rays,
often interrupted by its numerous lines of
growth. Some specimens are much inflated,
while others are quite flat. The undulations
on its beaks are coarse, but few in number.
Cardinal teeth, double in both valves.

50.—Margaritana marginata, Say,

This remarkably fine shell is very rare here.
I have found but a few specimens in Edwards
and Pope Creeks, and but one specimen in the
river. ‘This was taken near the mouth of the
Iowa River, where it emptjes into the Missis-
sippi at New Boston, and might have come
from the former stream, This shell is plicate
posteriorly, oblong in outline, and has very
prominent undulations on its beaks, nearly

This

over the entire shell, interspersed with dots of
green, yellow and sometimes, black. Epider-
mis, yellowish brown. Nacre, white.

Sub-Genus Anodonta, Brugiere.

51.—Anodonta edentula, Say.

Shell smooth, oval, with or without rays;
rather solid, and extremely variable. ‘This fine
species is found rather abundantly in this lo-
cality. As it occurs here it is so extremely
variable that itis almost impossible to describe
it. There are at least three quite distinct va-
rieties found here. One variety, which rarely
occurs in Edwards Creek, very many collectors
would scarcely regard as even a variety of
edentula, When adult, it is quadrate in out-
line, very much rounded at the extremities of
the shell; inflated; umbonial slope rounded ;
growth lines very close, striate or sulcate. Epi-
dermis dark olive, often having green bands
running parallel with growth lines. Rudimen-
tary teeth very slight. Naere salmon color

Lan

pi tee

—

‘<e Co=,

ee od

*
ee cae

Pages

1 hs

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

or white. Beaks not prominent, with very
slight undulations ; and having the calcareous
and ferruginous deposits covering the entire
margin of the shell. A second variety also
occurs in our creeks, differing quite materially
from the variety just described. It is oblong-
oval in outline; solid; beaks prominent with
much heavier undulations. Epidermis varying
from dark olive to light brown. In the left
valve of this variety there is a short, but well
defined, cardinal tooth with a notch in it fitting
into the deep cleft in the primary tooth of the
right valve. In fact, many individuals of this
variety, owing to the teeth, might be mistaken
for specimens of Margaritana. This variety
varies much in respect to its rays; many being
rayless, others covered with beautiful rays,
sometimes capillary. It is, when adult, quite
angular over the umbones. The third variety
is found in the river only, and in some respects
resembles Anodonta ferruginea, Lea, from In-
diana. It is a thick and solid variety, with a
dark brown epidermis. The nacre is either
rose color or a light salmon, with a dark pink
border around the margin of the shell. Beaks
prominent, incurved, with undulations large and
coarse. Rays dull, often obsolete. Animal
often red, sometimes salmon color. ‘This spe-
cies is usually found where the current is quite
strong, on sandy or gravelly bottoms.

52.—Anodonta imbecilis, Say.

This fine species has a geographical distribu-
tion from New York to Texas, and throughout
this wide range varies but little. It is asmooth
shell, oval in outline, cylindrical, slightly in-
flated, and very thin, yet it keeps well in the
cabinet. It usually has a brilliant green epi-
dermis, often marked with concentric green
bands, sometimes with alternating bands of a
darker shade of green or dark olive color.
Beaks very minute, scarcely visible and covered
with very minute undulations. Nacre shining
and bluish white; when young a yast number
of very narrow, faint rays are often observable.
This shell is found here only in the sloughs of
the river, in the small iakes of the *Bay Island
always where there is a soft, muddy bottom,

*This island has been incorrectly styled ‘ Bog Is-

i} land ’’ in former descriptions.-—-Epiror,

and is very abundant. ‘There is one mystery
about this shell that I have never been able to
solve, and that is that of the many thousands
that I have seen and collected I never found
one fully grown. What becomes of them I do
not khow. I have received very fine adult
specimens from many of my correspondents
from difterent localities, but all my efforts to
obtain an adult specimen from Mercer County,
have been in vain. This species is very pro-
lific, producing its young in incredible numbers,
of which fully one-half die from some unknown
cause when not over one-fourth grown.

53--—Anodonta grandis, Say.

Shell smooth, oval and inflated. Beaks
rounded, very prominent and slightly incurved.
Undulations on beaks quite large, zig-zag in
shape and varying from six to eight on each
valve. Epidermis varying from dark brown to
light olive, and often found with greenish streaks
running transversely. The nacre varies from
dull salmon through light pink to dull white.
Cicatrices large and plainly observable when
not covered with mineral deposits. Gvazdzs is
the type of a number of very interesting al-
though very closely allied species, the most pro-
minent of which are plana, decora, ovata, and
corpulenta. ‘Typical forms of these species are
easily separated when once well known, lgut
intermediate forms are so extremely puzzling
that no conchologist can separate them to a
certainty. 4. grandis is found rather common
from Ohio to Texas, and varies wonderfully in
different localities. It is reported very common
in many portions of Illinois, but it is a singular
fact that not over half a dozen specimens have
been found in Mercer County. Our specimens
are far from typical and are close to corpz/enta.
It is found here only in the river sloughs asso-
ciated with corpulenta aad zmbecilis. It differs
from corfulenta in being smaller, less inflated,
and in haying the beaks more rounded and
heavier. The color of the shell over the sum-
mit is always of a lighter shade, and it never
has the copper colored nacre of corpulenta.
Adult forms of grandis are much more solid
with very much more prominent growth lines
than corpulenta.

To be Continued.

22 THE * CONCHOLOGISTS = EXCHANGE.

ON THE GENERIC NAME OF A RE-
MARKABLE BIVALVE SHELL
FOUND IN THE CONGO.

BY C.F. ANCEY.

In the “ Bulletins de la Societé Malacolo-
gique de France” for 1886, Dr. A. Trémeau
de Rochebrune proposed the generic name of
Chelidonura for the curious species of Iridinidee
described by Dr. Ed. von Martens, under the
name of Iridina (Mutela) hirundo, from speci-
mens collected by Mr. Mechow in the Quango,
a stream tributary to the Congo. Subsequently,
a second ‘species was found in the last named
river and described by Dr. de Rochebrune,
who then proposed for these shells, which are
certainly different from any genus of Iridinide,
the said name of Chelidonura. Unfortunately
Chelidonura has already been used by M.
Adams for a shell of the family Bullide, and
Chelidonura, Rochebrune (non Adams), must
therefore be changed to Chelidonopsis, Ancey.

The genus Burtonia, Bourg. (1883) proposed
for different species of Lake Tanganyika, Cen-
tral Africa, is certainly nearer to Chelidonopsis
than any other section it Iridinidz, but they
want the dorsal carina and the very curious
appendage of the posterior edge of the valves.
The true Mutela are quite different in shape.

The analogy of several species inhabiting the
countries and streams of West Africa and Lake
Tanganyika, is not to be wondered at, for the
latter belongs to the basin of the Atlantic and
not of the Indian Ocean, and being (during
part of the year), connected with some of the
headwaters of the Congo.

Berrouaghia, Algeria, June 11, 1887.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA
OR SUB-GENERA OF HELICIDA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

(Continued. )
XXII —Brazieria, Anc.

“Testa fere staturce Helicis constrictce, Bou-
«<bée, lentiformis depressa, imperforata, stria-
‘« tula, solidiuscula, flavido-corneola; Spira valde

“‘ depressa, vix convexa. Anfractus 5 planulati,
‘“sutura lineari divisi; ultimus supra depressus
“et acute angulatus, infra multo magis convex-
“jor, turgidus. Apertura obliqua, angulata,
‘‘Junata, infra convexa, substricta. Peristoma
“intus labiato incrassatum, margines lamina

| “elevata juncti.”

Type: Helix velata, Hombron et Jacy.
Geogr. distrib.: Caroline Islands.

This peculiar type of Naninidce possesses am-
biguous characters, and the typical species was
placed by Pease, in Trochomorpha, a genus
which it appears to me not to belong to.

XXIII.—Chalepotaxis, Anc.

“Testa characteribus anatomicis peculiarilus
“a Cl. Gredler in diagnosi Nanince (?) infantilis
“enumeratis preedita. Testa umbilicata, albido-
“hyalina, fascia unica ultimi anfractus cincta.
‘«« Spira convexo-conica, apice obtusa; anfractus
‘‘regulariter crescentes; ultimus major, rotun-
“datus, subtus convexus, antice non deflexus;
“apertura haud labiata; peristoma simplex,
“ acutum, sinuatum.”

Type: Nanina (?) infantilis, Gredler.
Geog. distrib.: Central China: Tonkin.

XXIV.— Oligospira, Anc.

“Testa ejusdem insuloe Acayos commemorans,
“a quibus ultimo anfractus valde tumido, am-
“bitu oblongo et rotundato et anfractibus cce-
“teris multo minus numerosis, celerius crescen-
‘‘tibus et spira depressa, vix elevata nec conica
“‘discrepat. Anfr. ultimus antice perdeflexus.”

‘ Types: H: Waltoni, Reeve; H. Skinneri,
Reeve.

Geog. distrib. : Ceylon.
XXV.—Crystallopsis, Anc.

“Testa inter Papuinas et Geotrochos,—et
“Corasias quasi media, tenuis, alabastrina vel
“hyalina, vel fasciis opacis cincta, umbilicata,
“ olobosa, tenuis, glabra, angulata vel filocincta.
“Spira convexa, vel conyexo-conica, obtusa ;
“ anfractus minus numerosi; ultimus maximus,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 23

“subtus convexus, turgidus. Apertura sub-
“obliqua ampla; peristoma late expansum vel
“reflexum, ad columeilam late dilatatum, um-
‘‘bilicum tamen plerumque non obtectans.”

Types: H. Hunteri, Cox; H. Allasteri,

Cox, etc.

Geog. distrib.: Solomon’s Islands (Guadal-
canar, Malanta Islands).

XXVI.—Sphincterochila, Anc.

“Testa superne speciebus pluribus generis
“ Teucochroce similis, a quo valde differt singu-
“lari apertura constricta, sinuata incranataque,
“‘intus interdum hepatica et animali characteri-
“bus, teste G. W. Binney, animali Helicis
‘similis. Prope Macularias verisimiliter collo-
“* canda.”

Diy pesic abit
Charp.

filia, Mouss.; H. Boissieri,

Geog. distribution: As far as known, re-
stricted to the vicinity of the Dead Sea, and to
N. Arabia.

To be Continued,

Young ®ollectors’ Corner

The Succinea Obliqua, Say, of Fair-
mount Park, Philadelphia, with some
remarks regarding the relationship
of Succinea Totteniana, Lea.

BY JOHN FORD.

For a number of years J failed to discover in
the Park asingle specimen of the genus Szcctxea,
though many examinations were made by me in
localities favorable to their growth. Mentioning
this fact to G. Howard Parker, then an active
worker in the Philadelphia Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences, he informed me that a few might
be obtained along a rocky ledge on the north
side of the Wissahickon, a short distance east

of Ridge Avenue. Some days afterward we
visited the locality together, and secured about
a dozen specimens all in fair condition. One
year later, in company with Dr. J. Bernard
Brinton, I visited the place again and captured
several more. ‘This was in the morning of a
hot June day in 1886, which we mostly spent
along the upper reaches of the stream. On re-
turning, towards evening, we wandered into
the dry bed of a former pond located between
the carriage way and the stream, and within
a ‘‘stone’s throw” of the lower dam. This
depression was, perhaps, fifty feet square; with
several large willows standing upon the outer
bank, and a strong growth of weeds covering
the bottom.

While looking for other species supposed to
be there, our attention was attracted to numbers
of Succinea feeding upon the plants, and also
upon the willow branches which extended some
twenty feet over the basin. Though somewhat
surprised to find them in such singular quarters
we went quickly to work and secured a large
number before night-fall. Many others were
obtained a few days afterward by the Doctor’s
son, Theodore, and a short time later fully a
hundred more fell to my share; making in all,
over 200 specimens, a wonderful number to be
found in so small an area.

All of the shells were transparent, and so
delicate in texture that I at first entertained
some doubts in regard to the species; this feel-
ing of uncertainty being strengthened by the
fact that Professor Gabb does not mention S.
obligua at all in his “Catalogue of the Mollusca
in the neighborhood of Philadelphia,” pub-
lished in Vol. 13, Proceedings Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences. A subsequent
examination, however, satished Mr. Tryon as
well as myself that they were really Szccenea
obligua, Say. But, in opposition to Mr. Tryon’s
views, I was and still am of the opinion that
they embrace every character claimed for Szc-
cinea Totteniana, Lea, save the occasional
greenish tint, and that no further evidence than
the shells themselves is needed to prove Szc-
cinea obliqua, Say, and Succinea Totteniana,
Lea, to be one and the same species; allied so
closely indeed, that, the latter cannot in a gene-
ral sense, be justly separated from the former,
even as a variety.

24,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

With these conclusions fresh in mind, I re-
quested my friend, Horace F. Carpenter, Esq.,
of Providence, R. I., a gentleman who is
thoroughly versed in the mollusca of New Eng-
land, to forward me some type specimens of
the so-called S, Zottentana. This he kindly
did, and a comparison of them with the Wissa-
hickon shells served only to confirm my pre-
vious deductions, which were also fortified by a
like comparison of the animals. Some of the
specimens received were of a slightly greenish-
yellow tint, but the largest number were with-
out it, which fact is another proof that the va-
riation in color is a mere incident arising from
peculiar food or slight climatic differences, and
therefore of no practical value. All concholo-
gists know that there are hundreds of species
in which a difference in color has nospecific or
varietal recognition whatever.

Mr. Carpenter and myself subsequently col-
lected quite a number of specimens at Lime
Rock, near Providence, R. I., and every shell
was brown in color. Mr. Carpenter assured me
that these were good samples of New England
S. Totteniana, whatever their relationship
might be to .S. od/égwa. If there is a difference
in the form of the two shells, as is claimed by
Mr. Binney, Mr. Tryon and others, I am un-
able to see it. Nor do I believe that the figures
of S. obligua and S. Totteniana, given in
Gould’s “ Invertebrata of Massachusetts,” pages
448 and 449 represent anything more than what
might be the same shell taken at two stages of
growth. I certainly have counterparts of each
among my Wissahickon S. od/zgza, and can
also match from the same lot, the several type
specimens in the Philadelphia Academy’s col-
lection, marked SS, Zot¢tentana, Lea. For these
reasons I not only assume that the two species
are absolutely one and the same, but will con-
tinue to consider them so, unless opposing evi-
dences of a more convincing character than
those I have offered, shall be forthcoming.

Philadelphia, August, 1887.

Nore.—In Mr. Ford’s article on ‘The Uelices of
Fairmount Park,” published in the July number,
H. suppressus was inadvertently printed /7. suffusus.
If there is such a species as H. suffusus Mr, Ford
has not heard of it—EpITor.

Subscribe to The Conchologists’ Exchange.

VALVES.

Mr. E. W. Roper, of Revere, Mass., writes :
that while at Digby, Nova Scotia, this Summer,
he collected a patriarchal specimen of Lz¢torina
“ittorea, L., which measured one and three-fifths
inches in length, and one and one-eighth inches
in width. Its bulk was fully double that of the
largest Massachusetts specimens. He noticed
also that Purpura lapillus, Fusus decemcostatus,
Neptunea curta, Acmea testudinals, Margarita
helictna and others, were unusually large and
perfect there.

The Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sci-
ences will be one of the seven learned bodies
who will lend dignity and weight to the Con-
stitutional Centennial Celebration in Philadel-
phia, September 15th, 16th and 17th. They
take part in the imposing reception and ban-
quet of the 17th.

Rey. F. X. Shulak, Professor of Natural His-
tory in St. Ignatius College, Chicago, IIl.,
kindly informs us that the present Hall used
for the display of Natural History objects, is
too small for that purpose, and that he is now
preparing a larger room for the cabinet.

Dr. Sterki informs us that his friend, Dr.
R. Hausler, is in New Zealand, traveling
alone and engaged in collecting and studying
the Mollusca,

CORRESPONDENCE.

WaisaG, 6c G.2S/somRinsub PAKeH
Newport, R. I., July 20, 1887

Editor Conchologists’ Exchange :

Sir :—When last I saw -you a promise was
given to write for insertion in your paper—a
valuable little one I have found it—some of the
results of my attempt at deep sea dredging.
With a view to stimulate others about to inter-
est themselves in the study of Malacology, I
will give a brief outline of what I have succeed-
ed in doing, and how it came about.

In February, 1884, I was ordered to proceed
to Washington, and report for duty upon the

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 25

«¢ Despatch,” then on special service in the Po-
tomac. Some time after, information reached
me that a vacancy would occur upon this ship,
a vessel made famous by her deep sea sounding,
under several commanders, and natural history
researches, under Prof. Alexander Agassiz.
No time was lost in making the necessary ap-
plication, and the following day I was gratified
in receiving the transfer orders. She was then
at Baltimore, Md., and in the latter part of 784
did hydrographic work off Gay Head, Martha’s
Vineyard. A change in commanding officers
was made in December, and with the new came
another field of duty, namely, that of testing the
force and direction of ocean currents at any
depth. This would be done by an apparatus, a
current meter, devised by Lieut. J. E. Pillsbury,
U.S. Navy, her present commanding officer,
and when in use requires the vessel to be an-
chored in any depth of water. Many obstacles
were encountered and overcome, as was fully
proved by the last anchorage, in 1852 fathoms
of water, thirty-nine miles off Cape Hatteras;
and by demonstrating not only the existence,
but the force and direction of a current, at 200
fathoms depth.

As soon as I had grasped the method by
which we would anchor, the idea immediately
occurred of putting a dredge on the anchoring
wire. After some conversation, the command-
ing officer consented to allow the placing of an
ordinary boat dredge uponit. The first trial
took place off Fowey Rocks Light, Fla, and
much to my disappointment, the net was prac-
tically empty. It was suggested that, owing to
the meshes of the net being too large, the quan-
tity of “mud” so small, and the rapidity with
which the dredge was drawn through the
water (about one fathom a second after the
anchor was tripped) so great, that the contents

- were washed out long before it reached the sur-
face. A substitution of an ordinary coffee-sack
for the net followed. The next anchorage
yielded about one quart of nicely cleaned resi-
due, representing at least a dredge full of
“mud.” Many trials were made to determine
whether it would be better to fasten the rope
holding the dredge to the anchoring wire, or
merely to allow it to run free by means of
“‘sister-hooks.” It was finally decided to fasten
it to the wire, about two fathoms from the

anchor stock. This method has been followed
during the past two seasons.

Thus by taking advantage of a golden oppor-
tunity, I have succeeded in securing forty-one
dredgings, the greatest depth being 1060 fath-
oms, in Yucatan Channel,

The work for the seasons of ’85 and ’86 was
in the Straits of Florida, between Fowey Rocks
Light House, Fla., and Gun Cay, Bahamas; it
yielded twenty-nine dredgings : during ’87, be-
tween the Tortugas and Havana, Cuba, and be-
tween Cape San Antonio, Cuba, and Yucatan ;
yielding twelve dredgings.

All the specimens collected were submitted
to Dr. Dall, who kindly named them, retaining
as remuneration, as many as was desired for the
Smithsonian Institution.

The results have exceeded all expectations,
and, added to those obtained from the surface
nets and along shore, yield a grand total of 513
species, running through many families and
genera.

The diagnoses of some few species still re-
main doubtful, but two new ones have been es-
tablished, a Mitra [first obtained from the
dredgings of the ‘ Albatross’ ] and a Mathilda ;
and, one rare Voluta gouldiana, Dall.

It is hoped during the coming season of ’88,
to continue the interesting work in the passages
between the islands of the West Indies, thus
giving a continuous series of dredgings, from
Cape Hatteras, to the origin of the gulf stream.

Sincerely yours,
WILLIAM H. Rusu, M. D.,
P. A. Surgeon, U. S, Navy,

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

West Coast Shells. A familiar description
of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks
of the United States, found West of the Rocky
Mountains. By Josiah Keep, A. M., Professor
of Natural Science, Mills College, Cal. With
numerous illustrations, by Laura M. Mellen,
Teacher of Art, Mills College. Presented by
the author, who has edited in -‘ West Coast
Shells,’ a book which every student should
have in his library, simply because of its clear,
concise diction, the simplicity of its descriptions

THE - CONCHOELOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

and the need of a handy work on the shells of
the wonderland west of the ‘“ Rockies.”

Catalogue and Circular of the California State
Normal School, San José, for school year end-
ing May 26, 1887. From Mrs. A. E. Bush,
Curator of the Museum

Exchange List of Mollusks from Key West,
Bahamas, etc , collected during the Spring sea-
sons of 1885-86, by Wm. H. Rush, M. D., U.
S. N.

We welcome to our table the following :—
The Naturalists’ Leisure Hour Library, Vol. 1,
No. 1; The Western Naturalist, Madison,
Wis.; The Geologists’ Gazette, Wishita, Kan. ;
The Young Geologist, Oskaloosa, Ia.; The
Curiosity World, Lake Village, N. H.; The
Mohawk Standard, Delta, N. Y.; The Hornet,
New Castle, Indiana; The Journal of Science
and Art, Cleveland, Ohio.

NECROLOGY.

Spencer Fullerton Baird died at Wood’s |

Holl, Mass., at 3.45 P. M.. August 19th. Pro-
fesgor Baird was born February 3d, 1835. At
the age of 17 he graduated from Dickinson Col-
lege, after which he began collecting his famous
cabinet of Natural History specimens, which
became the nucleus of the museum of the
Smithsonian Institution. In 1848 he received
the degree of M. D. Honoris Causa, from the
Philadelphia Medical College. Dickinson Col-
lege chose him as its Professor of Natural His-
tory in 1845, and subsequently elected him to
the chair of Natural History, and conferred on
him the degree of Doctor of Physical Science.
In 1850, he was made Assistant Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, and upon the death
of Professor Henry in 1878, he succeeded him
as Secretary. In 1871 he was appointed U. 5.
Fish Commissioner,-by President Grant.

Alvan Clark, Sr., on the 19th of August.
He was the head of the well-known firm of tele-
scope makers, A. Clark & Sons.

Thomas McCormick, Mineralogist of Union
Township, Hudson Co., N. J. Mr. McCor-
mick was stung by a spider while searching for

:
|
|

minerals, near Union Hill, N. J., for the State
Geologist, and expired in terrible agony, from
the effects of the bite, August 22d.

Lxpthauge Calun.

Terms to NON SUBSCRIBERS, which must be
eash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20
words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi-
tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than 10 cents.

Each subscriber to Volume II, will have the privi-
lege of inserting three (3) free exchanges of twenty-
five (25) words each, inc/uding wdedress, This rule is
made to inelude those who have already subscribed
in good faith at the old rate, 35 cents, or those who
have received ‘“ New Subscription” blanks and are
engaged in soliciting subscriptions at the former
price.

Wanted.—Achatinella, Goniobasis and Spheri-
um. Offered.—Land, fresh-water and marine Mol-
lusea. H.P Smith,’ ustodian Cincinnati Sociery of
Natural History, 1u8 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Wanted.—With localities, identified or not, Io,
Angitrema, Lithasia, Strephobasis, Pleurocera, Gon-
ivbasis, Schizostoma, Anculosa. Other shells in ex-
change. Correspondents solicited. A. A. HINKLEY,
DuBois, Ill.

Offered —Botanical and Conchological Specimens,
Books, &e. for Books, Papers, Specimens in Conchol-

ogy, Botany, Microscopy and Entomology. Shells
are mostly from California and Europe. Plants

from Connecticut.

G. R. LUMSDEN, 54 Second St.,
Norwich, Conn.

Wanted.—In exchange, Indian Arrow-heads and
sird Eggs for Land, Fresh-water and Sea Shells or
Bird Eggs. CASPER LOUCKS, York, Pa.

Wanted.—In perfect condition, with localities :—
CYPRAZA aurantium, nivosa, exusta, Scotti, thersi-
tes, tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and
umbilicata. MUREX, Saulic, palma-rose and tenu-
ispina. OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, por-
phyria, tenebrosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus,
latissimus and melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra,
junonia, imperialis, magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana
and rare Asiatic, Australian, African and South
American Bulimi, Helicide and Unionide.

Offered.—50 species of Tertiary and other Fossils
from Southern States and Europe, Woodward s Man-
ual of the Mollusca 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of
the Extinet Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family
of Naiades, ’52 edition: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y
Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: Agassiz and Gould’s

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ > EXCHANGE. 27

Comp. Physiology,
Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of
the New Red Sandstone Formt’n: Lesquereux’s
Cretaceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4,
Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out,
uneut, or any of the shells on my Price List which
I may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of
the shells wanted above, need not apply.
AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila.

Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin. |

W: D. |
| Same

For Exchange.—A black-walnut Egg Case, having
five drawers, each 24x14x2 inches. The bottoms of
the drawers come out, leaving slits for partitions.
Will exchange it for sets or singles (Bird’s Eggs),
instruments, or Books on Ornithology or Odlogy.
Write first. VAN LEWIS, Potsdam, N. Y.

Humming birds’ nests and eggs to exchange for
E. Pleas, Dunreith, Ind.

Offers requested in exchange for many of the
smaller moilusks of the waters south of Hatteras.
Exchange List ready. W.H. RUSH, M.D., 1308
Green Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Offered.—F ine specimens marine and land shells
for perfect echinoderms. Land and _ fresh-water
shells from the South and Southwest for reptiles in
aleohol, D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brook-
Ling sails Ge

Offered.—Unio Leibii, Lea, and 75 other species of
N. Amer. land and fresh-water shells. Collectors
please send lists and receive mine. JEROME
TROMBLY, Petersburgh, Mich.

Offered.—Nassa vibex; Oliva literata, reticularis;
Columbella mercatoria;
erosa, helova, lynx, moneta; Nerita tessellata, pele-
ronta; Fissurella Barbadensis; Donax variabilis;
Dosina discus; Cardium magnum. Wanted.—Shells
and works on Conchology, JOHN 8. WHEELER,
East Templeton, Mass.

Cyclas dentata, Terebra dislocata, Sigaretus per-
spectivus, Spheerium securis and striatinum, Zonites
suppressa, Helix fallax and many others to exchange
for Land and Fresh-water Shells. A. K. FAIR-
CHILD, Whippany, N. J.

Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur-
puratus, Schooleratftii, and subrostratus, 5 specirs
Anodonta. Fossil Oyster shells. Satisfaction guar-
euieed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita,
Lan. :

Wanted.—American correspondents interested in
the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla,
Vertigo, etc.) of the U.S. Duplicates and other
shells for exchange. V.STERKI, M. D., New Phila-
delphia, O.

Minerals and curiosities to exchange; also a relia-
ble receipt for polishing stones and agates, for every
small mineral or curiosity sent me. FRANKS
FOOTE, 385 Lyon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. :

Offered. —Tellina radiata, Paludina integra, Strom-
bus gigas, Modiola plicatula, Mytilus edulis, Crep-
idula unguiformis, Laevicardium serratum, Colum-
bella mercatoria, Limniea elodes, for land and fresh
water shells. WM. WEEKS, Jr., 508 Willoughby
Aye., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Offered.— Minnesota and marine shells for other
shells and minerals. Send lists). JOHN M. HOLZ-
INGER, State Normal School, Winona, Minn.

Cypriea -caput-serpentis, |

Specimens of minerals for Dana’s book on miner-
alogy. BRET. H. MEACHAM, West View, Gooch-
land Co., Va.

and a piece of copper ore, for minerals or foreign
coins. FRANK VAN BUREN, 253 York Street,
Jersey City, N. J.

A large fresh lot of Uniones, nasutus, complanatus
and luteolus: also, a few Melantho decisa, all in ex-

| cellent condition, to exchange for other fresh-water

shells of the south and. West. JOHN WALTON,

77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y.

150—1st class side-blown Rirds’ Eggs to exch nge
for Coins, Stamps, fine specimens of Indian Arrow
Heads and Minerals.—WI1LLIS P. ARNOLD, Shan-
nock, R. I.

THE WEST AMERICAN
SCIENTIST.

This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new
volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of

POPULAR SCIENCE.

A feature consists of articles on topography and
natural history of Upper and Lower California,
Price $1.00
per year, !0 cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4

Eminent Scientists are contributors.

months’ trialsubscription. Agents wanted.

C.R. ORCUTT, Epitor,
San Diego, Cal.

WANTED.

Choice specimens of CY PRL AS, CONES, OLIV AS,
VOLUTAS and HARPAS.

Will pay for same, or will exchange other speci-
mens of same genera. If minerals are preferred in
exchange, [ have fine specimens of Graphite, Ama-
zou stone, Lead, Iron, and Copper ores, Kryolite, ete.
JOHN H.CAMPBELL, 740 Sansom St., Philadelphia,
Pa,. Correspondence solicited from persons collecting
CYPRJEAS.,

THE

Price-List of Shells

received since the issue of Con-
chologists’ Exchange No. 9 and
10,

Terms cash with order. Express
charges to be borne by purchaser in
all cases. Discount of 5 per cent.
on orders for $5.00 and over.

Noe, I

Jian eee wweneenee

20
BUCCINUM,

*undatum, Lam

wi BULIMUS.
Splitters Gabwrecancsantes =

PUD Ay Hl sreaicisteteisaaslslocletstsja!oc
DEDGC OLN aaecesc cess
SyMACUS, MNT ee ncccaceeses
CYCLOSTOMA,
dentatum, Say®......<c+s-.
lactaria, Gould
Ssulcatum, Mullcs.....csc.
; CLAUSILIA.
VinGata, ans.se.scecierse
piceatay Zell iv ns. adeno
itallann GonvedVlatiteecscscs

66 “ec

ee eeenees

see ew er eenes

monn

io>)

“c

Grohmani, Phil........ arse
Sebourghize, Paul....... ae
ventricosus,, raps... ..-
bolensis, DeBetta.........
solida, Drap
Lampedusa, Calcora......
agrigentina, Bourgt.......
lame olatas eEtildiekscecsce ss
ZARIUNAT Sem, (FIN cccareetatsreieeercicecete
-candidilabris, Zglr........
SUSVANE /Aalbeaperneeas SSC
calabrica, Mouss....<...:..
fisea: DeBetta i csorsstes.
plicatula, Drap. var
exoptalaSChm...../. sees.
Vindobonensis, Zglr......
dubii, Drap, var. obsoleta,

CMY ives. tase sess tess
Adami, (Clessin’s:...02-..1
Recubariensis, DeBetta..
SILOWE I OrrOn-sensecsce.
lenoensis, Villa.........0.
orthostoma, Mke.........
Styriaca, A, Schmidt.....

See id

WNW WUT nn U1 1 6) 1 G9 OG UT On 1 1 Go

mmmum Om

CHONDROPOMA,
*Shuttleworthii, Pfr...... 20
CHITON.
granulatus, Gmel..... ... 20,25
FASCIOLARIA.

*tulipa, We. cesen sobeacat: 2 301775
FISSURELLA.
Barbadensis, Gmel........ 10
HELICINA,
*Sagraiana, D’Orb....... 25
HELIX,

GUANENSIS, PRGEYs...:..0- a0 30,40

planospira, Lam. vy.

UUby cl Cayseeeemmets <= ssi. 15
cisalpina, Stab. v.

SANG aT seweeeer +0: cosas 10
Sicamay Werspeetss ooceccore Io
ammonis, A Schmidt..... 5
murajis, Mull. v.......... 5

EO OS VICHIEpata .<.3e 5
frigidissima, Adami (2600

Ms ANSE) Mee «ce -vace 20
colubrina, Lam. v, Medoa-

CENSIS sasesieeaess = hisses 15,20

SO i enmnil a... -0selige2O
zmula, Rossm.. ......... 5
tarentina, Pfr. v. picta... 3,5

bathyomphala, Charp.... 5
meridionalis, Parr......... 355
destituta, Charp........... 5
Hermesiana, Pini.......... 10,15
Meda; PorrOgecs.+ «6 Boas Shs
lenticulas Menor... ...sceee 3B
Baldensis, Villa.......... SLO
carthusianella Drap. v.
arvensis, Ginl.....5 Aonice 3
tunrita, (Philos... ...<ceeee 2,5

rupestris, Drap., v. Pini,

JNO LE heatt orede occ BORE Becic 2
\obvia, Ellaxtaags. ......scsm oslo
apennina, POmnro.........s013;LO
setifiensis, Bourgt....... 3 OMS
strigata,, IMU: ....0. re: 5,10
apiculus, Rossm........... 3
conoidea, Drap........ stoee 3
apicini, Wamimavar.......0. 3
yvariabilis, Drap. var...... 5

- CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

cingulata, Sted.......... sa LORLS
66 “vy. incerta,
Adami......... AB Sate 10,15
cingulata, Stud. v. adhe.
Sina wlsaull cmeacce eee 10,15
HYALINA,
deductay Peal¥e i eiaanes 3,5
_ .MEGALOMASTOMA.
MAMI; POCY=-cecesseeneeee os 20,25
; _ PURPURA.
*tincta (Key West)....... 10,15
epatulalue: cece Bpodos0as 35
_ _, TROCHATELLA.
*regina, Morelet.....:.... 25,30
*regina, Morelet, var. (1) 30
‘regina, Morelet, var.(2) 30
; TURBINELLA,
muricatum, Lam..........- 30,40
nassa,, Orb rsnsseseees see 15,25
P TELLINA.
TAC Atay lepenseceeteeener eee: 10,20
, TURBO,
ADICA, Wat avenecoeemeancecnee 25,60
South American.
_ _BULIMUS,
Warner; srinweccsecs. 25 to 3
Ziebmani, WPitecccss---01 25716 O
zoographicus, D’Orb.. 20 “ 40
phlogerus, D’Orb...... 30 “ 40
ovatus, Mullis... ssc $1.00
oblongus, Mull......... 25 to 75
oblongus, Mull, sm. var. 40
HELIX,
polodonta, D’Orb......... fe)
lactea, Mull (introduced) fe)
_..., HELICINA.
variabilis, Guild........... 5
AMPULLARIA,
*scalaris,mDAOrDe sn. 30 to 50
CERITHIUM,
caudatum, Sby... ..... ee 10
‘ LITTORINA,
fusca, Pings SOOO SEOH Gee 5
*Operculated.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 29

OUR PREMIUM LIST.

A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT.

Send $1.75 and the name of 5 subscribers, and we
will forward to the originator of the club, $1.00’s
worth of shells at List Prices.

Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assistant,” 228
pages, will be sent, post-paid, for $5,25 and the names
of 15 subscribers.

Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,” 1880 edi-

tion, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of |

30 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Conchology,”
cheap edition, will be sent free for $17.50, and the
names of 50 subscribers.

Tryon’s “ Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States,” plain edition, will be sent free
for $35 and the names of 100 subscribers.

Sowerby’s “Genera of recent and Fossil Shells,’
264 plates, 44-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for
$52.50 and the names of 150 subscribers.

AND LOOK

Sa>- For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers,
we will send, express prepaid, one of

Queen’s Educational Microscopes,

mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable
eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete.
A fine chance for an active worker.

PREMIUMS IN SHELLS.

To every person sending us before December 1,
- 1887, the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club-
Rate of 35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new
subscribers), a cboice collection of Bells consisting
of 150 species and 500 specimens.

To every person sending 50 names with the accom -
panyiug cash a collection of 75 species and 250 speci-
mens.

To every person sending 25 names and the cash,
will be sent a collection of 40 species and 125 speci-
mens,

These offers consist of choice shells in fine condi-
tion with correct name and locality in each instance ;
and will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange.
A few of the genera from which the above will be
selected are as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea,
Pyrula, Cassidulus, Pleurotoma, Triton, Ranella,
Nassa, Purpura, Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Fasciolaria,
Littorina, Goniobasis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepi-
dula, Nerita, Neritina, Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis,
Chiton, Helix, Bulimus, Achatina, Achatinella,
Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymna, Cyclostoma, Physa,
Pholas, Mactra, Tellina, Donax, Venus, Cytherea,
Tapes, Cardium, Unio, Anodonta, Modiola, Arca,
Pecten and others.

These offers are made simply to increase the pop-
ular interest in that beautiful and highly interesting
study—Conchology, as well as to extend the subscrip-
tion list of TH CoNncHoLoGistTs’ EXCHANGE, a
monthly publication to which every shell collector
should subscribe.

Special Notice.

We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or
more subscribers, and in no case will individual
subscriptions be received at less than the new rate
of 50 cents. By request the above Lists will be held
open until December 1, 1887, so that those who in-
tend to subscribe will find it to their advantage to
forms Clubs of five or more and thus secure the
benefit of the reduction. In addition to these splen-
did Premiums every subseriber to Volume II has a
premium in the shape of three (3) free exchanges
annually.

Parties desiring to secure the benefits of the above
truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of sub-
seribers together with the subscriptions, until they
have completed their list, but should send them as
soon as received and we will keep an exact account
of them.

A COMMISSION of 30 per cent. in CASH will be
paid in lieu of the above premiums for all club sub-
scriptions at the full rate of 50 cents per annum.

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF

WV “Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’

for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex., Chest. Hill, Phila.

30 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

Fine Books for Sale.
SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.

Tryon, Geo. W. dr. Structural and
Systematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of
Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol-
ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Cir-
culars sent on application.

SprciAL Noricr:—A few second-hand copies
of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con-
chology for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage
prepaid.

Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos-
sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol-
ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264 origi-
nal plates. 2 volumes, 8 vo; half morocco.
London (N. D). Price $15.00.

Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with
Appendix, by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations. Toudom 1880
edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly,
$2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $2.00 postpaid.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly be-
coming scarce. We offer the back numbers
containing the previous chapters of Mr. H.
F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon
‘“The Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode
Island,” Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “ Check
Lists of Shells,”’ besides numerous articles of
interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices :

Woltelncompletey koa yy) kgO
Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2,. I 00
Welly 101, @opraye WS; Ge I oO
Wall, IMLS Ceroyanyol Keto eee Re ee 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six
(6) cents per volume. A fine chance to
sone the best descriptive history of Rhode

sland shells ever written. ‘The subsequent
shi upters of Mr. Carpenter’s article are now
being published in “The Conchologists’
Exchange,” beginning with No. 12, of
Volume I.

The American Naturalist. Odd copies
for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep-
tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July
to September ; Vol. XV If, January, May to
December; Vol. XVIII, January and Feb-
ruary ; Index to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and
25 cents each.

Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica;
or, Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interest-
ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London,
1845. Price $27.50.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists' Exchange
CHESTNUT HILL,
_ PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

Helix (Aglaia), fidelis, Gray, Oregon.
WEST COAST SHELLS.

3y Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.

A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh
Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United
States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182
Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a
hand-painted engraving of the very rare and
beautiful.

Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb.

To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia-
tion Latin names is indicated, and a Glossary,
Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, anda
Check List are added. Beautifully printed and
bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75.

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THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 31

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WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS. FOR THE NAMING OF
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named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for | ONE COPY, RANG AND SOULEYET,

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CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA:, SEPTEMBER, 1887.

No. 3

A Publication Designed for Conchologists and
Sctentists generally.
LS SU Ey MO NACE LY
BY

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f@- Correspondence upon Conchélogy, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.
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HAT the antipodes will not be behind in
the struggle for scientific knowledge is a
foregone conclusion, In a region where
Nature has been so lavish in her gifts, as
in Australia, one would expect to see a wide-
spread interest in Natural Science. But not
until very lately has the scientific education of
the young commanded the attention which its
“iraportance deserves. So far as Conchology is
concerned, much has been done by Reeve, Phi-

lippi, Kiener, Hombron, Angas, Cox and others,
but we think the visit of Baron Maclay has had
much to do with stirring up the lagging inter-
est. Mr.-John Brazier has kindly furnished us
with the Rules of The Natural History Associa-
tion of New South Wales, one of which de-
clares the object of the Association to be ‘‘ the
encouragement of the study of nature, more
particularly by young people,” in which laud-
able enterprise we cannot but signal them “to
go ahead at full speed.”’ We may be far ahead
of them in our Agassiz Chapters and kindred
societies, but their country is comparatively un-
explored, and is in addition very rich in pecul-
iar and unique forms of life.

We confess to have read Mr. Charles T.
Simpson’s article upon “ The Distribution of
Shells in the Tropics,” with great interest.
We cannot but deplore the work of a natural
force which no doubt is the cause of so many
migrations among mollusks. A trip to a new
region has added zest given to it when new
forms are discovered, new brain-food is found,
new light thrown upon murky subjects. But
when, after a tropical storm such as Mr, Simp-
son so aptly describes, the coast becomes the hab-
itation of species collected and described
months before in a distant region, the occasion
loses interest. The word “introduced” is be-
coming far too common, and whether done by
man or a storm the abstract effect is the same.
But such is Natural History; we must record
facts, and perhaps the 1ffost curious element of
our work is the phenomenon of distribution.
Mr, Simpson’s argument is strong, well taken,
and we think highly plausible.

Ir every subscriber to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE would send at least one new sub-
scriber’s name to the paper it would greatly
encourage us, and be returned with interest.

SUBSCRIBE to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex-
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THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND. |

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XXXIX.

Genus Zirphea Leach—1851.

In Pholas, the dorsal margin is supplement-
ed by two accessory plates; Zirphaea has a
broader shell without accessory plates. It has
but three species, one of which is common to
the Atlantic shores of Europe and America.

143.—Zirphea crispata, Linn.
Synonyms :
Pholas crispata, Linn and older authors:

Pholas bifrons, Da Costa. Pholas latus, Lister.

Solen crispus, Gmelin. Zirphzea crispata, all

modern authors.

Shell oblong-oval, thick and strong; valves
touching only at the hinge, and at the middle
of the base, gaping widely at both ends ; each
valve is separated into two nearly equal parts
by a broad furrow passing from the beaks to the
base; the anterior half is covered with radiating
toothed ribs. Length, two inches; height, one
anda half.» It is common in all parts of North-
western Europe, and in Northeastern America
as far south as Cape Cod; very few specimens
are found this side of the Cape. Very fine and
large specimens are obtained at Nahant Beach
in hard clay.

SUB-FAMILY JOUANNETIN.

Anterior ventral gap, closed in adults by a
callous plate.

There are five genera, seven sub-genera,
and thirty-five species, none of which have yet
been discovered in R. I. Martesia cuneiformis
Say, and Diplothyra Smithii, Tryon, are found
burrowing in oyster shells on the coasts of the
Southern States. The former has been found
at New Haven, Conn., by Dr. Perkins, and the

|
|
|
|
|

latter at Staten Island, and_as they occur boring
into the Southern oyster, of which we plant
thousands of bushels annually in our bay, it is
among the possibilities that both these species
might be inhabitants of Rhode Island.

FAMILY SOLENID-E.

Shell long, gaping at both ends; ligament
external. This family is divided into two sub-
families, Soleninze and Pharellinz.

SUB-FAMILY SOLENIN Z.

Shell ¢rzncated at both ends; umbones ¢e7-
minal, withgne tooth in each valve. Siphon
of the animal sort and wnted. There are six
genera, two of which are fossil. The genus
Solen, Linn, 1757, with thirty-seven species, is
represented on the Atlantic coast of the U. 5S.
by only one species, Solen viridis, Say, which
inhabits from New Jersey to Florida. The

| genus Ensis, Schum or Ensatella, Sw. with

fourteen species is represented on our coasts by.

144.—Ensatella Americana, Gould,

In the twelfth edition of ‘ Systema Na-
ture, page 1114, 1767, Linnzeus described an
European shell which he called Solon ensis ;
our species resembling it very much and con-
sidered identical with it, has, until late years,
been called by the same name. In 1817, Schu-
macher discovered that Solen ensis was not a
Solen; that genus having straight shells and

| provided with one tooth in each valve, while

| one valve and three

these shells were curved and had two teeth in
in’the other. Then he

| proposed a new genus for these shells and called

| ensis was not the European ensis at all.

it Ensis, from the type species of the old genus
Solen. Then its name became Ensis ensis. In
1840 Swainson objected to calling the generic
and specific names of shells by the same term,
so he proposed the name of Ensatella, which
was approved of and adopted by other author-
ities. Then it read Ensatella ensis, but having
got this point finally settled it seemed that our
Gould
was the first to notice the differences, but un-

_ willing to make another change he called it pro-

visionally variety Americana. All modern

THE * CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. . 35

authors, 2. e. since 8865, use this name for our
species.

A full scientific description of the animal was
given in Silliman’s Journal, p. 287, in April,
1872. ‘The shell is six inches long by one inch
in height, covered with a glossy yellowish-
green epidermis; hinge at one end. A very
common shell in R. I. called long clam, razor
fish, &c,, and is considered by some people very
delicious eating. They live in the sand, where
they burrow from two to three feet deep. They
come tothe surface sometimes, but it is difficult
to obtain one; if we take hold of a specimen
and attempt to draw it up out of the sand (they
stand on their heads, as we might say if they
had any, with only an inch or two of the pos-
terior portion of the shell projecting above the
surface of the sand) it slips through our fingers
and descends to the bottom of its burrow with
astonishing rapidity. ‘The best way to obtain
them is to look at extreme low-water mark,
where their presence is indicated by an orifice
resembling a key-hole, and then dig for them
lively with a clam hoe.

I think some disease must have affected this
species at one time, in our bay, several years
ago, for at low tide might have been seen one
Summer, thousands of specimens in every di-
rection on our sandy shores, projectiug two or
ihree inches out of the sand; all these speci-
mens were either destitute of an inhabitant, or
the animal was dead and half devoured by
Starfish or Ilyanassa obsoleta, our common
cannibal snail. I noticed this more particularly
near Buttonwoods, where I gathered about a
half a peck of these shells in as good condition
as though they had been taken alive.

SUB-FAMILY PHARELLIN.

Shell transverse, elongated, gaping and
rounded at each end; umbones szzb-central.
Siphons of the animal /ovg separated for half
their length. ‘There are eight genera, three of
which are fossil. Three genera are represented
in New Eng. each by a single species.

GENUS SILIQUA, MUHLFELDT, 1811.

Shell smooth, oblong; epidermis polished :
an umbonal rib extends across the interior of

each valve. There are twenty species of this

- genus.

Siligua costata, Say.

T45.

Syns:

Solen costatus, Say, Valence. Solen Sayii,
Griffith. Solen Nahantensis, Des Moulins.
Solecurtus costatus, Gld., DeKay, Stimp. Sili-
qua costata, Tryon, Dall.

Shell, smooth, oblong, thin and fragile,
rounded at both ends; beaks very small, placed
at the anterior fourth ; epidermis shining, light
yellowish-green, crossed by three lighter colored
broad rays ; interior livid. showing the exterior
bands; in each valve is a broad white rib extend-
ing from the beaks, two-thirds across the shell,
Length two inches, height eight-tenths. Inhabits
from Cape Hatteras to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
It has not yet been found in R. I. to my knowl-
edge, although Gould says “ it is found abun-
dantly on every sandy beach and_ probably
inhabits the sand in shallow water.’ It is com-
mon in Massachusetts Bay, and is frequently
taken from the maws of cod-fish.

GENUS SOLECURTUS, BLAINVILLE,
1824

These shells are sometimes called short
razors, as the shells are like a Solen cut off or
shortened, while the animal is as long as a
Solen. The beaks are nearer the centre, and
the shell is wider and more flattened.

146.— Solecurtus gibbus, Spengler, 1794.

Syns :

Solen gibbus, Spengl.
Lam., Hanley. Solecurtus Caribzeus Con.,
Gld., DeKay, Woodward. — Siliquaria gibbus,
Adams, Tryon, Tagelus Dombeyi, Chenu.
Tagelus gibbus, Dall.

Solen Caribzeus,

Shell oblong, transverse, slightly curved, thick
and strong, posterior end rounded, anterior
truncated ; the surface covered (when not worn
off) with a strong dark-colored epidermis.
Length four inches, height one and a half,
breadth one inch. Inhabits from Cape Cod _ to

THE + CONCHOLOGIS’

rs’ - EXCHANGE.

Gulf of Mexico and West Indies. They live
buried in mud and sand more than a foot below
the surface, and beyond low water mark, and
are not easily obtained, as they cannot be
reached by the dredge. I found one specimen
alive at Apporang, but single valves are common
on all our shores, and often both valves united,
without the animal, and with the epidermis
half worn off.

. To be

Continued.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued. )
54.—Anodonta plana, Lea.

Shell smooth, oval, inflated and solid. Beaks
large, but somewhat depressed and rounded
over the umbones. Epidermis from light olive
to dark brown, and sometimes greenish. When
young this shell is often beautifully rayed, al-
though it is sometimes found without rays.
Undulations on beaks few and small. Nacre
varying from dull salmon to white. Anterior
portions of shell slight'y rounded. ‘This shell
is found only in our creeks where it attains a
large size, and is now very rare. It differs
from grandis in being much more inflated, very
much more solid and attains a larger size, and
when adult it is very much more cylindrical
I have collected specimens 7 inches wide, 4
inches long, and 2% inches thick. It seems
to prefer muddy bottoms, where there is little
or no current in the stream. I often find it in
mill ponds and sometimes in the mill races.
As found here it is as more easily separated
from grandis than is A, corpulenta.

ta, Cooper.

Shell smooth, oval, very much inflated, undu-
lations prominent, beaks massive, very much

56.—Anodonta suborbiculata,

swollen and incurved, having a copper colored
summit. The epidermis varies from dark brown
and olive to dark green. Found both with
and without rays. Nacre copper colored. This
fine species is found very abundantly in the
river sloughs and the small lakes of the Bay
Island. It never ventures into the river, pre-
ferring soft, muddy bottoms and _ still water
where there is no current. It often attains a
large size; the largest covfelenta in my collec-
tion being 4% inches long, 7 inches wide, and
3 inches deep. ‘The largest evandis I have,
was received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley, of Wash-
ington Co., Illinois, collected by him in South-
ern Illinois. It measures 4 inches in length,
6% inches in width, and 2 inches in depth.
Corpulenta is extremely variable, as individuals
are often found quadrate, with the hinge line
perfectly straight, very tumid and almost round
before and behind. I have one remarkably
fine specimen which measures only 4 inches in
width and measures the same otherwise as the
one just described. Although corpulenta is
generally very much inflated, specimens are
often found that are much depressed.

Say.

This very fine shell is found only in the
sloughs and small lakes of the Bay Island.
Fifteen years ago it was quite common, and 30 or
40 specimens might have been collected in a sin-
ele day ; but itis now extremely rare and the col-
lector may think himself well off if he secures
2 or 3 specimens in a whole season. Dead
shells are often found along the margin of Swan
Lake, but live ones are seldom obtained. For
two or three years I have been offering the
fishermen 25 cents a piece for every live speci-
men, but as yet they have failed to find it.
This, our most attractive Anodonta, has a geo-
graphical distribution from Indiaha to Kansas,
and is probably not common in any particular
locality. But five localities for this. shell are
reported in Illinois,

Shell suborbicular and somewhat depressed.
Beaks not prominent, with small undulations
and few in number. Epidermis pale green,
light yellow and light brown in different speci-
mens. Growth lines not prominent; the whole
surface of the shell covered with beautiful mi-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 37

croscopic lines. Shell usually covered with
faint green rays which disappear with age.

57.—Anodonta Ferrusactana, Lea,

Shell smooth, oval and sometimes cylindrical ;
slightly inflated, sometimes slightly depressed
posteriorly. The epidermis varies from dark
olive to light brown. Shell usually covered
with broad green rays, while specimens are
found almostrayless. Umbones usually rounded,
sometimes slightly angular. Growth lines promi-
nent, often with dark brown concentric lines run-
ning parallel with them. The beaks are only
moderately prominent and are covered with
rather coarse undulations running in a circular
direction toward the posterior portion of the
shell. There is one northern species, dodonta
subcylindracea, Lea, which in some respects may
be confounded with this shell, but saécylin-
dracea is a more cylindrical species, has more
prominent beaks, with finer and more numerous
undulations than on Ferrusactana. Adult
specimens of swbcylindracea are more con-
stricted posteriorly, while those of /v77zsaciana
maintain their symmetry. This shell is found
from Ohio to Colorado, through all the North-
western States. I have just received a speci-
men from Mr. Charles T. Simpson collected in
Lodge-pole Creek, Colorado, having a pinkish
nacre; while Mercer County specimens are
white, shining, and iridescent. It is found
here only in Pope and Edwards Creeks and
has now become very rare owing to the ravages
of the musk-rats and raccoons. I used to find
it common in Edwards Creek, associated with
A. edentula, but have not found a single shell
of this species for three years.

To be Continued.

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND
AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS IN
THE TROPICS.

BY CHAS. 'T. SIMPSON.
The fact that many marine species of

mollusca are widely distributed is a cause of no
great wonder, since the sea is their home and

the young are all swimmers, so that by this
means, and the ocean currents no doubt, many
specimens appear in localities where we should
least expect to find them. But the land and
fresh water mollusks when found in countries
or islands separated by the sea, are usually ac-
counted for on the supposition that their sepa-
rate habitats have been connected by land pas-
sages since the appearance of existing species,
or that they were introduced to one or the
other localities through the agency of man.

I believe that, in the tropics especially, the
rivers and the sea may have had much to do
with the distribution of many of these forms.

One who has never visited the tropics can
have no idea of the immensity of the forests of
that region; or of the wonderful vigor and
exuberance of vegetable life. In these coun-
tries where a large annual rain fall occurs, the

| giant trunks of trees cover the ground thickly,

forming in many places a solid wall of forest a
hundred and fifty or two hundred feet high.
The sun pouring down a flood of brilliant light
and heat into its depths, literally fills the entire
space with minor growths of every description;
lianes and sipos in endless variety, hanging in
festoons from the limbs above. coiled and
twisted around each other like writhing serpents,
or drawn taut like the rigging of a ship, amid
creepers, water vines, shubbery and broad-leaved
plants of unnumbered species. These giant
trunks, often fifteen or twenty feet in diameter,
are in reality vast aerial gardens bearing aloft
enormous quantities of Epiphyllums and Phyl-
locacti, ferns, orchids and air pines, as well as
the immense growth of vines of every descrip-
tion. A species of Ficus related to the fig, and
rubber tree of our hot-houses, often lodges its
seeds in the forks or on limbs fifty, a hundred,
or a hundred and fifty feet above the ground.
This plant, the Matapalo, or Scotch Attorney
as it is called, sends down a tiny air root which
reaches the ground and begins to feed the
plant aboye Another and another quickly
follow, and then a network of cross-roots are
formed until the tree is clothed from the ground
to its loftiest hmbs with fetters that never loose
their hold until they have strangled its life out
of it. I shall never forget the feeling of awe
and even terror that I experienced when, rev-
erently and with bared head I first stood before

THE ; CONCHOEOGISTS’ = EXCHANGE.

such a mighty forest on the mainland of Hon-
duras. I never until then realized how utterly
insignificant and powerless I was in the pres-
ence of Nature. But this is a digression. Such
a forest is the natural home of hosts of the
arboreal tropical land snails, the Bulimi, the
Achatinas, Orthalicus, Liguus, some of the
Helices and many others. Among these aerial
gardens every variety of food and shelter is
provided that they can possibly need.

During the rainy seasons of the tropics, thou-
sands of such trees with their immense collec-
tions of vegetable and animal life are under-
mined by rivers and torrents and carried out
into the sea. Nor is this all. From Cape St.
Roque along a vast stretch of the South
American coast far to the northward, and at
many points in the West Indies and the main
land of Central America, the sea is constantly
encroaching on the land, undermining and
carrying away millions of acres of this virgin
forest. I have seen hundreds of acres of such
trees on the coast of Honduras slowly toppling
into the sea. Many of these carry not only
all their arboreal mollusks with them, but with
the tons of soil, undergrowth and shrubbery
which adhere to their roots, a great variety of
terrestial species. Such rafts of floating vege-
tation are not unfrequently met with in tropical
seas, and borne by ocean currents or carried by

storms are often landed within a moderate
length of time on other shores. In_ shelt-

ered caves on the Island of Utilla and
other of the Bay Islands, and on the shores of
Florida, I have seen thousands of such
stranded monsters, some submerged all but a
few branches. others at the tide line, and still
others thrown high and dry by storms, out of the
reach of the sea at ordinary times. I conceive
that many snails carried on the higher limbs of
such trees, in the sheltering crevices of the
Matapalos or among the rank epiphytal vegeta-
tion might make such a sea voyage in safety,
and being thrown high and dry in the edge of
a forest in similar latitudes might find all the
circumstances favorable for living and produc-
ing an established colony in their new home.
Especially would such mollusks as the Stro-
phias. Glandinas, Truncatellas, Auriculas,
Pythias and some of the Stenogyras, whose
natural habitat is near the sea and which are

sometimes exposed to its spray, be likely to
survive such a cruise, and it is just such species
that we find introduced in the greatest numbers
in the warmer parts of the earth. Glandina
truncata is an abundant shell throughout a
great part of Florida, and it is also plentiful in
Cuba, and no matter which country it was in-
troduced to it has undoubtedly crossed the sea.
So of Strophia incana, a Cuban species abun-
dant on the Florida Keys, Stenogyra gracillima,
several West Indian Truncatellas, and Auricula
pellucens, all found plentifully in Florida and
within the influence of the sea. Orthalicus
undatus Liguus fasciatus, Bulimulus multi-
lineatus and other species found on the south-
ern part of the peninsula of Florida are arbo-
real and have come from Mexico, the West
Indies. and South America, ‘These species
during periods of rest secrete an epiphragm
by which they adhere with great tenacity to
the branches and trunks of trees so firmly that
the shell will often break before it will let go,
and in many cases must be collected by care-
fully cutting away the bark to which it adheres,
This epiphragm seems to be impervious to the
influence of wind, sunshine or moisture, and is
only dissolved by the animal when it revives
its activity. During such a period of zeestiva-
tion it seems to me these snails might make
such a passage at sea with little difficulty if they
were borne above the crest of the waves.

To be Continued.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA
OR SUB-GENERA OF HELICIDA.

BY C. F.-ANCEY.

( Continued.)
XXVIL—Pleuroxia, Ancey.

I propose the above name for Angasella
(type: Helix cyrtopleura, Pfeiffer), as the latter
name issalready pre-occupied in marine shells.

Geog. distrib.: Central and Southern Aus-
tralia.

XXVIJI,—Calostropha, Ancey.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ » EXCHANGE.

“ Testa depresso conica, late umbilicato, poly-
“oyrata. Apertura parva; peristoma reflexum,
*dentatum.”

Type: Helix Raffrayi, Tapparone-Canefri.
Geog. distrib.: I sp.; Western New Guinea.
XXIX.—Lurystyla, Ancey.

“ Testa laevigata, solidula, nigra vel brunnea |
“vel virescens, nigro-cincta, plus minusve ob-
‘longa vel depressa, summo valde obtuso
“erosso; habitus fere quorumdam specierum |
“generis Cochlostyloe simillimus. Umbilicus
‘‘nullus vel rimiformis. Columella recta,
‘oblique declivis. Peristoma tenuites expan-
“sum et incrassatum,”’

Types: Helix cerina, Mor.; H. viridis, Desh

H. cerina shows the above Malgachian
group, altogether resembling so much the Phil-
ippinese species of Cochlostyla that H. viridis,
the first known species of the section was al-
ways placed by authors in this genus, to be
much more nearly allied to Helix lancula, Guil-
laini, etc. (belonging to Ampelita), than may
be supposed at once.

Fruticotrochus, Kob., does not appear to differ
at all from all the described species of Trocho-
morphodes, Nevill (type: H. acris, Bens. and
conulus, v, Mart.), excepting in having a larger
umbilicus. Dr. yon Mollendorff unites both.

XXX.—Cavicola, Ancey.

*Testa albido, opaca perforata solidula, con.
“icoglobosa. Spira elevata, apice acutiuscula,
“€conica; anfractus saltem 7, regulariter len-
*teque crescentes, conyexi, sutura profunda,
** divisi, ultimus tumido-rotundatus, inferne in-
* flatus, medio filocinctus post medium loeviga-
“tus, antice non deflexus Apertura lunata,
“fere recta; peristoma simplex, tenue, basi
‘‘sinuatum et antice tantisper proyectum, prope
“ umbilicum parvum minute expansum.”

Type: Streptaxis (?) cavicola, Gredler.

Geog. distrib, : The type has been found ina
caye in Southern Hunan (Central China.)

I agree with Hende in placing this species
in Naninidze rather than with Streptaxis. It
resembles, however, Str. alveus, Dunk, a
South American species, in a few particulars,
but is otherwise entirely distinct. As far as
known the group, to which the latter belongs, is
not an Asiatic one. Cavicola approaches Si-
tala and Microcystis.

XXXI.—#athyaxis, Ancey.

‘© Testa characteribus nonnullis adeo Ceeliaxi
“ peraffinis ut sectio hujus generis tantum haberi
““possit, sed semper integra; columella recta,
“incranata, plica interna extus non conspicua
““instructa; umbilicus apertus, profundinimus
“ (apice testce perspicuo) ; peristoma haud den-
*“tatum, expansiusculum nec continuum.”

Type: Coeliaxis Layardi, Ad. & Angas.

Geog. distrib. : Cape Colony; Albany Coast.
XXXII.—Aesobia, Ancey.

“Testa subsolidula fusca, perforata, haud
“nitens, oblonga, liris spiralibus interruptis, ob-
‘“‘solete notata, striata. Spira obconica, apice
‘* papillata, loevi, obtusata. Anfractus convexi,
‘primi sutura profunda, inferiores profundiore,
*“quasi excavata separati; ultimus dimidium

“testce saltem cequans, oblongus. Peristoma
“subsimplex, ad columellam late expansum.”’

Type: Bulimus Helence, Quoy et Gaym.

Geog. distrib. : St. Helena,
Concluded.

Voung @ollectors Corner

The Fresh Water Mollusks of Fairmount
Park.

3Y JOHN FORD.

Sept., 1887.

About a dozen genera of fresh water mol-
lusks, embracing some twenty species, inhabit
the Schuylkill within the limits of the Park.
But here, as elsewhere, their presence in large
numbers at certain points depends not only upon
a plentiful supply of food, but upon other favor-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE,

able conditions as well; some species preferring
beds of sand or fine gravel, others of mud, &c.

Nowhere in the Park, perhaps, are all of these
conditions so favorable as upon the breast of
Fairmount dam when the coping is a foot or so
above the water, which is then about the same
indepth. Unfortunately for the collector, the
dam has been submerged during the most of the
Summer, but the coping and ‘overshute”’ are
both diy at present’and will probably remain
so during September and October. At this
point, in the Summer of 1885, I secured on one
occasion eleven different species, all alive and
in excellent form, ‘These were /Vanorbis tr7-
volvis, Planorbis bicarinatus, Vivipara decisa,
Vivipara subcarinata, Somatogyrus altilus,
Amnicola limosa, Melania virginica, Physa
heterostropha, Spharium similis, Spherium sut-
catum, and Pisidium abditum, A majority of
the species were abundant, and in all stages of
growth.

L.. Ogden, Chief of the Water Department, but a
note to his address, 13th and Spring Garden
Sts.. will doubtless bring a favorable response.

The former feeding grounds of Spherium
similis, below the sewer opening under Girard
Avenue bridge, have been nearly buried by the
“Land Makers” of the Park. At this locality
I have collected large numbers of perfect spec-
imens, and it is just possible that some may
still be found there. I have never seen them
in the Schuylkill except at this point, and upon
the dam breast, as before mentioned. /2szd-
‘um abditum, though not plentiful, were associ-
ated with them in both places. Several of the
other species named can still be collected here,

On the flats fronting the river road above the
tunnel, Limca desidiosa may be seen delving
in the mud as of old, although a fine colony of
Valvata tricarinatus, which formerly inhabited
the southernmost flat, no longer exists; the bed
of fine gravel on which they flourished having
been buried under the new roadway. A few
can still be found on the little patches of sand
scattered along both sides of the river, but their
days are evidently numbered. ‘The “ March of
Improvement”’ will soon obliterate these favor-
ite haunts, and with their destruction the species
will, probably, disappear altogether from the
Park.

Of course, persons are not allowed |
on the dam except by permission of Mr. Jno.

On the same side of the river, midway be-
tween the Girard Avenue and Columbia bridges,
Ancylus rivularis makes its home during the
Summer months. ‘This species also inhabits the
lily ponds south of Horticultural Hall. In
the river it should be sought for on submerged
stones and bits of wood; in the ponds, under-
neath the floating leaves. Good specimens of
other species may also be gathered at various

| points along this side of the river between the

two bridges.

The shore at Robinson’s knoll, near the
mouth of the Wissahickon, though a favorite
resort of collectors, yields but a few species.
They are generally in good condition, however,
and so are well worth looking for. In the
Wissahickon above the dam I have taken num-
bers of Planorbis parvus and Physa heterostro-
pha, but have seen no other species in the
vicinity.

It is said that at least two species of Am-
nicola flourish among the stones higher up the
stream, and this statement may be correct,
though I have searched for them there many
times without success. Of the western side of
the river from Chamouni to Columbia bridge I
know very little. The same may be said in
regard to the shores of Peter’s Island. Still,
as the littoral conditions of this island appear
from a distance much like those of the adjacent
island known as Belmont Landing, I would not
be surprised to learn that a number of species,
including several of the genus (70, were living
there. But however plentiful they may prove to
be, it is hardly probable that they will surpass in
numbers or perfection those strewn at times
upon the river shore of the last named island.
A few days ago Mr. John H. Campbell and
myself collected here a majority of the species
I have named, together with (720 comflanatus,
Unio nasutus, and Anodonta fluviatilis. All
were what are known as “dead shells,” but as
they had been driven under the bushes by the
steamboat waves, and thus not exposed to the
sun, the most of them were in excellent condi-
tion; both species of 7v7para being unusually
large and fine. ‘The localities referred to are
near the ends of the island, both the upper and
the lower, although several species can always
be found on the little sand slip adjoining the
north side of the wharf. The Somatogyrus

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE.

altilis in the Philadelphia collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences were gathered
here, and it is probable that no finer specimens
inhabit the river.

I have never seen a living specimen of JZa7-
garitana undulata within the Park limits, though
its presence near the “ Falls” has been reported.
Linnea catascopium, another species common
to the lower portions of the river, are, I think,
absolutely unknown above Fairmount dam.
There appears to be something in the ebb and
flow of the tides which is necessary to the ex-
istence of this species, if not to that of JZ
undulata, also.

In conclusion I will add that pure olive orl
applied to “dead” fresh water shells will, in
most instances, restore their natural colors, and
at the same time prevent the epidermis from
cracking ; a mishap that leaves a shell as un-
natural as it is unsightly.

VALVES.

Mr. E. J. Smith, of Natick, Mass., claims to
have found a specimen of Litforina Littorea,
measuring 143 inches in length, and several
others nearly as large, on a reef called the ‘* Dry
Breakers,” at Beverly, Mass.

The following extract from a letter received
from Mr. Royal Holbrook, a member of ‘‘Con-
chologists’ Exchange Club, No. 1,’ will show
what may be done by active young searchers for
shells. * * * “J have about 125 specimens,
“(H. multilineata, Say), which I gathered in
“the following way: Opposite Winona across
“the lake, and next to the bluffs is a large
“meadow which contains an abundant supply
“of land snails, as well as many Pupas.
“There is also a spring, and from this is
“a ditch leading from it to the lake. Last
“« Spring, when the frost was coming out of the
“ground, I visited this place and found the
“Helices upheaved from the earth into the
“ditch, and on its sides, and I found also that
“they hibernated in clusters of ten to fifteen in
“a single place.”

Young men and women under 18 years of
age are charged a membership fee of but one
shilling per annum in The Natural History
Association of New South Wales, and are al-

|
| lowed every advantage enjoyed by older mem-
bers, who are charged five shillings. °

The following new species of land and fresh-
water shells from Maclay Coast, New Guinea,
were found by Baron Maclay and named by
John Brazier, F. L. S.: Helix (Geotrochus)
Maclayana, Helix ( Geotrochus) Gorenduensts ;
Flelix (Rhysota) Achilles ; Melania Wallorien-
sis; Paludina Kowtayiensis, A new Onchi-
dium, O. chameleon, Brazier, was found at Lane
Cove River, Port, Jackson, N.S. Wales; also,
anew Bulimus, 4. Rossttex?, Brazier, was tound
at Nehone Bay, Northwest coast of New Cal-
edonia both of which were described by Mr.
Brazier,

Mr. C. A. Hargrave of Danville, Ind., writes
that he met with great success on a collecting
trip along the Wabash River at Montezuma,
Ind., lately, and secured a half-bushel of Unios
of different species in a short time.

Changes of P. O. address: George W.
Puterbaugh from Greenfield, Ind., to Elkhart,
Ind. J. M Henderson from Lawrenceville,
N, J.,to Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass.

Zagtvange Colunn.

Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be
cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20
words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi-|
tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than 10 cents.

Each subscriber to Volume II, will have the privi-

lege of inserting three (3) free exchanges of twenty-
five (25) words each, including address, This rule is
made to include those who have already subscribed
in good faith at the old rate, 85 cents, or those who
have received ““New Subscription” blanks and are
engaged in soliciting subscriptions at the former
price.

Wanted.—South American land and fresh-water
Shells. Offered.icCeylonese, Indian and _ others
Send list. MISS LINTER, Arragon Close, Twicken-
ham, England.

Offered.—Cyprea helvola, erosa; Harpa ventri-
cosa; Nassa reticulata, variabilis; Trochus cinera-
rius, exiguus; Gibbula Richardi; Patella Lusi-
tanica; Phasianella Kochii. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr.,
Morro, Cal,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

Offered.—Land, Fresh-water and Marine Shells,
and Devonian Fossils. Wanted.—Mollusca, pre-
ferably Mesodon, Zonites and Pupa. L, B. ELLIOTT,
Box 1805, Lowa City, lowa.

Offered. —Botanical and Conchological Specimens,
Books, &c. for Books, Papers, Specimens in Conchol-
ogy, Botany, Microscopy and Entomology. Shells
are mostly from California and Europe. Plants
from Connecticut. G.R. LUMSDEN, 54 Second St.,
Norwich, Conn.

Wanted.—In exchange, Indian Arrow-heads and

Bird Eggs for Land, Fresh-water and Sea Shells or |

Bird Eggs. CASPER LOUCKS, York, Pa.

Wanted.—In perfect condition, with localities :—
CYPRZA aurantium, nivosa, exusta, Scotti, thersi-
tes, tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and
umbilicata. MUREX, Saulie, palma-rosie and tenu-
ispina. OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, por-
phyria, tenebrosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus,
latissimus and melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra,

junonia, imperialis, magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana |

and rare Asiatic, Australian, African and South
American Bulimi, Helicidee and Unionide.

Offered.—50 species of Tertiary and other Fossils
from Southern States and Europe, Woodward s Man-
ual of the Mollusca 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of
the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family
of Naiades, ’52 edition: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y
Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: Agassiz and Gould’s
Comp. Physiology, Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin.
Botany, Cryptogamia: lLea’s on a Fossil Saurian of
the New Red Sandstone Formt’n;. Lesquereux’s
Cretaceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4,
Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out,
uncut, or any of the shells on my Price List which
T may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of
the shells wanted above, need not apply. W. D.
AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila.

_ Offers requested in exchange for many of the
smaller mollusks of the waters south of Hatteras.
Exchange List ready. W.H. RUSH, M. D., 1808
Green Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Offered.—Fine specimens marine-and land shells
for perfect echinoderms. Land and_ fresh-water
shells from the South and Southwest for reptiles in
alcohol, D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur-
puratus, Schooleraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species

Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita,

Kan.

Fine Books for Sale.
S@OLRDLONE. FORICASH:

Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. Structural and
Systematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of
Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol-

ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Cir-
culars sent on application.

SPECIAL Noricr :—Second-hand copies of Try-
on’s Structural and Systematic Conchology
for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with
Appendix, by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880
edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly,
$2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $2.00 postpaid.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly be-
coming scarce. We offer the back numbers
containing the previous chapters of Mr. H.
F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon
“The Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode
Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check
Lists of Shells,’”’ besides numerous articles of
interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices :

Vol. I, complete, oa) Eas O
Vol. I, minus Nos.1 and 2,. 1

oO
Vol uleycompleteyn.| enc. I 00
Vc' III, complete, 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six
(6) cents per volume.

Keep, Josiah, West Coast Shells. The
latest work on California and other West
Coast Mollusca. Price $1.75, post-paid.
See advertisement

Synonymy of the Species of Strepo-
matidee, (Melanians) of the United States.
By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. Price in cloth, $2;
Paper, $1.75, post-paid.

List of American Writers on Recent
Conchology, with Titles of their memoirs and

Dates of Publication. By George W. Tryon, Jr.

Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75 post-paid.

The Conchologists’ Exchange
CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 43

_ EXCHANGE BOX, No.1.
For $1.00

We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis
containing 380 different species, and 150 specimens
especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec-
tion for yourself and lots to trade.

ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED.
ADDEESS
The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

a Ds

NATIONAL EDUCATOR,

Published Semi-monthly at
ALLENTOWN, PA.
A. R. HORNE, A. M., D.D.,

Editor and Publisher, | Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon.

The NATIONAL EDUCATOR has been i WEST COAST SHELLS.

edited by its proprietor, A. R. HorN®, continuously

twenty-seven years—longer than any educational By Prof. Josiah Keep, Mills College, Galifomnia:
journal in this country has been under the same ae Pa ; z
editorial management. It is devoted to common- A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh

sense ideas in education, whether they be new or | Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United
old. Its series of articles on “Experiments in the

Nips Fipa Vivace > a <u 2
School-room without Apparatus,” “Health Notes,” States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182
“Common Sense in the School-room,” “Out-door _ Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a

Sebool,” ete., etc.. have run through five years past, hand-painted engraving of the very rare and
and will be continued the next five years. The beanie e
circulation in Pennsylvania is as large as the bona cat

fide circulation of any other educational jourval, | ' Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb.
whether published in or out of the State, while it Beep, step : :
also has a large general circulation, particularly in Yo aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia-

ae soutt: where see pees has parece ieee tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos-
Jonductor a number of terms. ne articles are tae eee ae - i opie scans
original, short, sharp, and common sense. Seventy- | °°'Y> Key, siographical Index of Naturalists,
five cents a year, puyuble whenever the subscriber is | anda Check List are added. Beautifully printed

ready. Send for sample copies. and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75.
A. R. HORNE Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers 32
5 : = r E ? ? Po}
Editor and Publisher, Market St., San Francisco, Cal.
Allentown, Pa. Please mention this paper.

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF
‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”

for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex., Chest. Hill, Phila.

44 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER
SPECIES.” THIS) OES NOT INCLUDE TRANSE GE:
TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE. PAID
BY SENDER. ADDRESS
All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia.
The Conchologists’ Eixchange,

Chestnut Hill, Puiedelpe Par

1,000 Species | EOR). SAMIDE)

LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE Price, $5.50.
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CHESENUT Hiiticy PHILADEPHIA. PAT

OCTOBER, 1887. No. 4.

Ned. SA
A Publication designed for Conchologists

Scientists generally.
ISSUED MONTHLY
BY

WM. D. AVERELL,

Epvitor anp PustisHEerR
8a5- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.
Matter for publication must be received by the
tenth of each month.

and

TERMS:
Subscription, Volume II. - -
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Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal
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ONCHOLOGY to be made eeiaaly ee
( must have the unqualified support of all
its admirers and students. Successful
study in this most useful and instructive
branch of Natural History, can only be accom-
plished by research of the plodding kind, by
patience as vast as the regiorifto be explored,
and by self-sacrifice as noble as that of the
martyrs of old. It is of this last we wish to

|
|

speak, of a sacrifice of self which enables a man
to be content with a small amount of work well
done and really valuable, rather than the per-
sistent nursing of that spirit of controversy
which daily adds tier after tier to the Tower of
Synonymy. The young student of Conchology
is too badly entangled now with synonyms oad
with the rival Gime of Professor This and
Doctor That. What we desire to see as one of
the first steps towards improvement, is the com-
pilation of a complete Analytical Key, such as
is used in Botany, and after the plan of Dr.
Ruschenberger, who carried it to the Orders.
Great is the task, but greater will be the honor
conferred.

Berore the streams freeze it would be well
for our younger readers to avail themselves of
the mild weather and secure recruits for the
Winter aquarium. There is no better instructor
in Conchology than 4 well-managed ‘‘ water

garden,” for there you may see not only the
shell, but its tenant, while living and active.

One of the interesting sights in a shell aqua-
rium is to watch a Lymnza eating the Cov-
fervve upon the sides of the vessel. A dry gar-
den for land shells, such as Helix, Pupa, &c.,
may also be attempted. Care should be taken
to keep the aquarium from freezing.

WHEN answering advyertisemefts do not fail
to mention THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.
It asks of its readers a careful perusal of its ad-
vertising columns and a frequent use of the,
menu there set forth.

Don’? forget to tell your friends that if they
wish to do you a favor, they should subscribe
to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, and help
us to illustrate it in the future.

IF you wish to secure our paper at 35 cents
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cluding yourself.

. = :
REMEMBER the watch-word—Subscribe.

46 THE -

CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND.

*
BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

meet 18

Genus Meesnicra Conrad—1867.

“Conrad’s Catalogue of the Family Solen-
idze”’ gives but three species of the genus Meso-
pleura, one of which inhabits Java, one Cali-
fornia, and the other the Atlantic Coast of the
United States: this is

Mesopleura centraiis, Say.

Shell small and delicate, transversely oblong-
oval; surface smooth in the centre and wrinkled
concentrically at each end; a reddish stripe or
band passes from the umbones across the
valves, which can be seen through the shell
from the inside; epidermis pale yellowish; in-
terior smooth and shining; hinge teeth nearly
central, Length, one anda half. inches; height,
one-half inch: breadth, seven-twentieths.

This species is of southern distribution, and
is never found north of Cape Cod. ‘There is a
difference of opinion among Conchologists
whether or not this species is identical with the
European Solen divisus, Spengler, 1794. If
they are the same, its name should be that of
Spengler, a shell with several synonyms, such
as, fragilis, Pult, 1799; bidens, Chemn, 1795 ;
divesa, Gray, &c., &c. Our species was de-
scribed by Say in Journ. Acad. Nat. Science,
Phila., 11: ya6, 1822.

Gould says, “ It.is occasionally found at New
Bedford and other places in Buzzards Bay. It
is rather common about Rhode Island.’ I
“have never been able to find a single specimen
or even a piece of a valve in this State. Per-
haps he meant the Is!and of Rhode Island,
and as I have not examined the eastern shore
of Middletown, opposite Little Compton and
Tiverton, I give him the benefit of the doubt.

FAMILY SAXICAVID.

gaping at both ex
hinge with one cardinal tooth; liga-

Shell equivalve, thick,
tremities ;

ment external, prominent, solid. Siphons of
the animal, large, elongated, covered with a
thick skin, the orifices fringed. There are
three genera with about thirty species.

Genus Saxicava, Fleurian de Bellevue, 1802.

Shell, when young, with two minute teeth in
each valve; toothless when adult.

The Saxicavids are found in crevices of
rocks and roots of sea weed, moored by a byssus
of threads spun by the foot of the animal Also
found on oysters, adhering to the irregularities
of the surface. ‘They also bore like the Pholas
into clay, peat and even into limestone, but
more frequently occupy a habitation previously
excavated by some other species.

748.— Saxicava rugosa, Linn, 1767.
4 5 ) )

Syns:

Mytilus rugosus, Linn. Mya arctica, Linn,

Shell oblong-oval, rough, irregular in shape,
white, inequivalve -and inequilateral, gaping ;
the posterior end sometimes rounded and some-
times truncated ; epidermis dingy yellow, thin;
beaks prominent, from which two ridges ran
along the posterior slope, one near the margin,
and the other to the lower angle; in some
specimens these ridges are armed with spines ;
valves generally toothless, but sometimes with
a rudimentary tooth in one valve and a corre-
sponding pit in the other. Length, one inch;
height, three-fifths; breadth, two-fifths.

No description of this species can be given
that is not liable to mislead. It is more varia-
ble in shape than any other shell known, and
a list of its synonymy would be discouraging
to a novice; fifteen or more species, placed in
five different genera, and even put in different
families, have been made from varieties of this
species.

Binney thinks there are two species in New
England, rugosa and arctica, the latter a north-
ern species, inhabiting Europe as well as Amer-
ica. Tryon, on the other hand, includes both
species under Saxicava arctica. Linnzeus also de-
scribed in 1767. . Habitat, Atlantic and Pacific
Coasts of NortlggAmerica; northern coasts of
Europe to the M@diterranean. “Common from
Mass. Bay to Labrador, from low water mark

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

to fifty fathoms or more,” (Verrill.) It is not
uncommon in Long Island Sound, but I have
not yet observed it in Rhode Island.

The other two genera of the Saxicavidze
family are Panopzea, with eleven species, and
Cyrtodaria with two. Panopzea Norvegica,
Spengler, and Cyrtodaria siliqua, Chem., both
large, rough and coarse shells, inhabit New
England to the banks of Newfoundland, but is
not found south of Cape Cod.

FAMILY MY ACID.

Shell transverse, gaping at both ends; left
valve with a single, broad, erect tooth, received
into a pit in the opposite valve. Animal with
the mantle almost entirely closed; siphons
united, partly or wholly retractile. | A small
family composed of three genera; Tugonia,
with six species, all inhabiting the West Coast
of Africa; Platyodon, with one species, inhab-
iting California, and Mya, with three species.

Genus Mya, Linné, 1740.

Although the genus consists of but three
species, the individuals composing ove of these
species are the most numerous and_ prolific
of all known shells. This species, inhabiting
the whole of Northern Europe, Asia and Amer-
ica, 1S
149. — Mya arenaria, Linné, 1767.
Syns:

Mya mercenaria, Say, 1822. ~Mya acuta
Say, 1822. ,

Shell ovate, equivalve, gaping at both ex-
tremities ; surface chalky white, covered by a
thin, rusty brown, wrinkled epidermis; beaks
small, pointed curved forwards; an erect
tooth in the left valve fits into a deep excavation
in the right valve directly under the beaks,
Length, five inches; height, three inches;
breadth, two inches. This species is called the
Gaper, Old Maid and Clam, ‘In Greenland
they form the principal food of the Walrus, the
Arctic Fox and various birds. A Clam Bake
is one of the peculiar institutions of Rhode
Island. Whether clams are more abundant,

or of better quality in Rhode Island than else-
where, I cannot say, but they do not seem to
be used as an article of food to any great extent
outside of our little State. Hundreds of bushels
are baked and consumed daily during the Sum-
mer at our shore resorts, and there are several
places in Providence where they may be ob-
tained, boiled, fried or steamed, every day in the
year. Notwithstanding the immense run on
their banks, the supply is never exhausted, and
no perceptible dimunition in their number is
observed. Although the specific name, arenaria,
means ‘‘of or pertaining to sand,” they are.
found just as plentifully in mud or among stones
as in sandy places. They inhabit from half
tide to forty fathoms in depth, about a foot
below the surface; the animals are provided
with a very extensile tube, which extends to
the surface through which they obtain their
food, as explained under the description of
Class Pelecypoda, on page 18, Vol. II.

John Winthrop, in Journal of the Royal So-
ciety, 1634, says, ‘“ These clams feed only on
sand,” but their real business in life is, to purify
our waters, by absorbing all manner of organic
or inorganic matters, which would otherwise,
by its accumulation, poison the air, destroy our
fish, and render existence intolerable in the
vicinity of our beautiful shore resorts.”’

The term clam is applied to this species only
in New England. The Indian name was
sickishuog. The Chinese call it Tsega. In
New York and farther south a clam means
what we call a quahog, Venus mercenaria, but
the original owner of this name is a ponderous
biva ve of the Pacific Coral Lagoons, Tridacna
gigas, a small valve. of which may be seen
hanging over the door of an oyster saloon on
College St., in Providence, I have seen a pair
of valves of this species measuring two feet
across, and weighing about five hundred pounds,
used for a holy water font, in the Church of
St. Sulpice, in Paris.

Another species, Mya truncata, much re-
sembling our clam, excepting that the posterior
end of the shell appears as if chopped off or
truncated, is common from Cape Cod, north-
wards to the Arctic seas, but is not found south
of the Cape.

To be Continua.

48 THE

CHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

: (Continued. )
FAMILY CORBICULAD-.

SPHASRIUM AND PISIDIUM.

The family Corbiculadze is divided into six
genera, as follows: 1 Corbicula, Megerle; 2
Batissa, Gray; 3 Velorita, Gray; 4 Cyrena, |
Lamarck; 5 Sphzerium, Spe 6 Pisidium,
Pfeiffer. Bafiess and Vv elorita are not repre-
sented on this Continent. Only two genera
are represented in Mercer County, viz: Sphve-
rium and Pisidium, seven species being found
of the former and three of. the latter. The
animal of Sphzerium is oval, lobes of the mantle
simple, united pesteriorly, and terminating in
two syphons joined at the base without tentacles,
“mouth oval, small tentacles of the mouth short
and narrow. Gills rather broad, nearly equal,
united behind the foot, which is narrow and

elongated. The shell of Sphzerium is oval,
nearly equilateral, beaks somewhat prominent,
hinge margin narrow, with two primary teeth
in each valve, lateral teeth elongated, pallial
impression simple, ligament external, narrow,
and situated on the longer portion of the shell.

‘The species composing the genera, Spheerium
and Pisidium are small bivalves found: in all
our creeks and in the Mississippi River, also
in the numerous sloughs and small lakes of our
county. Like our Uniones, some species are
more active than others; some are abundant,
while others are rare

58.—Spherium sulcatun, Lamarck.

‘This fine species, as found here, varies some-
what from typical forms. It is usually trans-
versely oval, nearly equilateral, rounded ante-
riorly, pointed posteriorly, slightly curved at
base, valves convex, beaks full, and raised
above the outline of the shell, with coarse and
regnlar sulcations.

double in both valves. I have found this spe-
cies, which is rare here, in two or three locali-
ties in Pope and Edwards Creeks, and at the
mouth of Edwards Creek in the Mississippi
River, usually associated with s¢¢afinem and
(Vr ANSUVCVSUM.

59:-—Spherium solidulum, Prime.

Shell transversely inequilateral,
sometimes slightly convex, sometimes com-
pressed, beaks full, not prominent, anterior
margin rounded, slightly angular posteriorly.
Epidermis variable from dark brown to brown-
ish yellow, sometimes greenish, interior dark
_ blue, cardinal teeth double, lateral teeth large.
This species somewhat resembles sz/ca¢uz, but
is less elongated, less convex, more solid, with the
sulcations rather coarser and more irregular.
This shell is very rare here, as I have found it
in but one locality, and that in Edwards Creek.

elongated,

60.—Spherium striatinum, Lamarck,

Shell rather thin, transversely elongated,
sometimes inflated and somewhat compressed,
inequilateral, rather rounded anteriorly, distend-
ed posteriorly ; beaks full but not much raised,
suleations variable, sometimes coarse, at times
nearly smooth. * Epidermis greenish yellow
to light brown, shell blue within; cardinal teeth
double and very small. his well-known spe-
cies is found rather commonly 1 in our creeks as
well as in the river, and its sloughs and lakes.
It is our most common Sphertum, and 1 fnd
it very difficult to Separate from .S. so/idudume.
It is found here hoth in deep and shallow
water, in both swift and quiet water, and in
the mud as well as in the sand and gravel.

67.—Spherium fayanum, Prime.
a 2, ’

Shell rhombic, nearly equilateral, convex,
thin, anterior and posterior margins very abrupt,
beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex.
Cardinal teeth distinct; lateral teeth “long;
shell blue within, strize hardly visible. Epider-
mis light greenish horn color, often having a
bright yellow band on the inferior margin.

A rare and beautiful species, found only in

Epidermis dark chestnut | the river and its sloughs, and the small lakes
brown, interior light blue, cardinal teeth small, _ of the Bay Island.

It, in some respects, favors

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS! -{EXCHANGE:

S. ¢runcatum and S. partumium. It differs
from the former in being more inflated, more
angular, less round, beaks less central; and
from the latter in being more equilateral, much
more abrupt on the anterior and posterior mar-
gins, more rounded at the base It is much
larger, more elongated, and with a lighter col-
ored epidermis. I find it usually associated
with strzatinum and transversum.

62.—Spherium trancatum, Linsley.

Shell rhombic orbicular, lenticular, thin pel-
lucid, slightly inflated, nearly equilateral, an-
terior margin rounded, posterior margin straight,
beaks central, calyculate, and approximate at
the apex, striz very delicate. Epidermis light
green to dark brown. Cardinal teeth small,
lateral teeth slender.

I have neyer found this species in the vicinity
of the river, but it. formerly occurred quite
abundantly in all the small ponds along Pope
‘and Edwards Creeks. Three years ago, in
the month of November, I collected over 2000
specimens of this shell in one small pond near
Pope Creek, that had quite recently been
drained, and the water all drawn off. This
appears to be a very sluggish species, moving
around but little, although it seems to like
muddy situations. I never found it buried in
the mud, nor have I ever seen the animal in
motion.

63.—Spherium occidentale, Prime.

Shell oval. small, pellucid, fragile, equilat-
eral; margins rounded; valves slight, sometimes
convex, at times rather depressed; beaks full,
rounded and raised slightly, sulcations very
fine. Epidermis varying from yellowish to
brownish horn color. Cardinal teeth small;
lateral teeth larger. This species is probably
very rare here. Five years ago I found about
20 species ina small pool of still water near
Pope Creek, in Cabeen’s timber, which is the
only locality known to me.

64.—Spherium transversum, Say.

Shell oblong, elongated, inequilateral, trans-
lucent, anterior margin rounded, posterior mar-
gin truncate; beaks prominent, calyculate;

striae very fine. Epidermis greenish yellow,
often of a darker shade over the beaks. Cardi-
nal teeth compressed; lateral teeth long.

This large and well-known species is com-
monly found in the river and in its lakes and
sloughs; and it is also found in Edwards
Creek. The young specimens are very fragile.
The species has a geographical range from
New York to Texas.

GENUS PISIDIUM, PFEIFFER

Animal elongate oval, compressed laterally ;
lobes of the mantle without tentacles, united
posteriorly into a single, short syphonal tube ;
tentacles of the mouth triangular, elongated ;
gills of moderate size; foot small. The differ-
ence in the sfed// of Pisidium, and that of Sphe-
vium, consists mainly in the position of the
beaks, which, in P%s¢dzz, are terminal, and
in Spherium, generally central, dividing the
hinge margin into equal portions.

65.—LPisidium conpressun, Prime.

Shell solid, oblique, trigonal, triangular, in-
flated; beaks small, but raised and distant, with
a wing-shaped appendage on the summits;
striz distinct and regular. Epidermis variable,
yellow-brown, sometimes chestnut color. Car-
dinal teeth small; lateral teeth short.

This is our most common species, and is
found very abundantly in the sloughs, and in
the small lakes of the Bay Island. . The finest
specimens are found in Sturgeon Bay, above
New Boston, and in Swan Lake. During
the Spring this species is very active, but in the
Autumn it is seldom found. Owing to the pe-
culiar wing appendages on its beaks, there is
no difficulty in separating it from other species
of this genus.
66.—Pisidium variabile, Prime.

Shell heavy, oblique, inequilateral, inflated,
subtruncate; beaks situated posteriorly, full,
prominent, not approximate at apex ; #valves
solid; strize regular and distinct. | Epidermis
varying from straw color to greenish brown,
darker anteriorly than posteriorly. Cardinal
teeth united, small; lateral teeth short and
heavy. ‘This species is by no means common

50 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’

$
EXCHANGE.

here. Some twenty specimens were found
only, at the junction of the Lakey with the
Hanneman Slough, near the Mississippi River,
associated with Pesedtene compressum, and three
or four specimens were found in Sturgeon Bay,
above New Boston.

67.—Pisidium eguilaterale, Prime.

Shell small, stout, heavy, somewhat inflated,
rhomboidal, sub-equilateral ; posterior margin a
little angular; anterior margin rounded; beaks
central, large, prominent, rounded, not approxi-
mate; valves solid and moderately convex ;
strize fine; surface glossy. Epidermis variable,
yellow, green, or brown. Cardinal teeth small;
lateral teeth distinct. This species is very rare
here, and I know of but one locality, a small
pond near Pope Creek, where but a dozen spe-
cimens were found, associated with Sphere
accidentale.

To be Continued.

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND
AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS IN
THE TROPICS. —

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

(Continued. )

But, it may be asked, is it possible that fresh-
water mollusks may be carried from one place
to another across the sea on trees? I believe
they may.
out and lodged along the rivers and torrents of
tropical countries; and in the crevices of the
bark of these trees many species of fresh-water
shells finda home. Others live among the
roots of living trees which are washed by the
water Of streams. In Florida I have collected
handfuls of Unio fuscatus and other species
among,the matted roots of trees just under the
surface of the water. Such trees, washed out
and carried down stream, would take some of
their molluscan inhabitants with them. Others,
carried in floods, with broken, jagged limbs and
loosened bark, would plow up quantities of
mud and shells from the bottom and carry

Great numbers of trees are washed .

them out to sea, Some such trees might drift
into bays at the mouths of rivers in other coun-
tries, and I have seen just such floating in the
mouths of the Manatee and Caloosahatchee
Rivers, in Florida. It must be remembered
that all these rivers, during the rainy season,
are only very slightly brackish, or even entirely
fresh, throughout their estuary portions.

Trees carried into such places, and bearing
fresh-water shells, might be driven up and
landed by tide and winds, and a colony of liv-
ing inhabitants established. Many of the
shallow bays along the coast of Florida become
perfectly fresh during the rainy season, as some
five feet of water falls there in three months,
and the same thing no doubt occurs in other
parts of the tropics where the rain-fall is much
greater. In Florida these bays at such times
connect with ponds of water on the flat lands,
so that often for miles the whole country from
the shore far inland is nearly covered with fresh
water.

At the south-western extremity of the State
are found the Ten Thousand Islands, an in-
numerable group scattered over a space of a
hundred and fifty miles of coast separated by
brackish channels through which the tide flows
in and out, gradually becoming entirely fresh
in the region of the Everglades. So there
would be no trouble about landing a colony of
fresh water snails on the Florida coast, and the
only difficulty would be in bringing them across
could they stand the drying and the salt water
of the ocean? Everyone who has ever observed
fresh-water mollusca knows that many species
will go for a long time without water. Physas,
Planorbis, Limnzeas, Paludinas as well as some
of the. Ampullarias, and many others dry up
in mud at the bottom of ponds and streams,
and lie dormant until the rains come. In a
small drain in the woods near Braedentown,
Fla., I found numbers of Unio hebes buried in
nearly dry sand, which must have remained
dormant for nearly nine months of the year, as
water only ran in it during the rainy season.
Some of these were taken out, and survived
for months thrown out in the yard in the full
sunshine, and without rain.

Many fresh-water species will live in brackish
water, as is well known. Neritina reclivata,
found in Florida, seems indifferent as to whether

.
THE ; CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 51

it lives in fresh water or that which is more or
less salty, and N. lineolata, and macrastoma,
which I found in Honduras in the mouths of
rivers often extended into the sea. Planorbis
tumidus was often found in slightly brackish
water in Florida, and the [imnzas in the Bal-
tic, and some places on the British coasts mingle
with the Littorinas.

Ampullaria caliginosa, a Mexican species,
closely related to A depressa,if not identical
with it, Planorbus tumidus, and Havanensis,*
and a few other tropical species found to-day in
the Southern States, may have been introduced,
I think, in the manner of which I have spoken.
Of course such voyages of living snails, with a
successful termination, could only happen
rarely, but it must be remembered that countless

ages have elapsed since the present species have |

occupied the earth. Of the 180 species of
trees found in the State of Florida, fully one-
third are natives of the West Indies or the
American tropics, besides great numbers of
shrubs and herbaceous plants, Of her ten or
a dozen palms, nearly all are West Indian.
The Royal Palm is found in South Florida, and

growing on it the Dendrophylax, Lindeni, a |

lovely orchis that I have seen on it in Utilla,
both probably having made the voyage together,
as I believe it grows on no other tree. If then
a host of plants and trees from the tropics,
among them a number of ferns and Epiphytal
orchids of the tenderest character, and whose

seeds would undoubtedly be destroyed by long |

contact with salt water, have drifted across and
become established in Florida, I do not see why
afew land and fresh water species of shells
might not do the same thing; and I should not
be surprised if future and more careful search
in the almost impenetrable wilds of South
Florida would bring to light a large number of
West Indian Land and Fresh-water mollusks.
Certainly in this case it cannot be claimed
that Florida has been connected with the Island
of Cuba, the Bahamas, or any of the West In-
dies in recent times, as the State has been up-
heaved from the sea since the commencement
of the tertiary epoch, and within the time of
the present species has increased its area at the
southern extremity by means of the corals.

*Tdentified by Mr H.-A. Pilsby, who has madea
special study of the genus Planorbis.

Nor do I think the theory is reasonable that
many of these shells have passed around into

‘Florida from Mexico by way of the southern

shores of the Gulf States. Within a compara-
tively limited time the land near the mouth of the
Mississippi has been deposited by that stream,
fillmg up a shallow estuary that extended far
up the valley into a region too cold for most of
these species to have survived in; besides,
most of these tropical shells are not found in
this regior? to-day, but in the southernmost part
of Florida. Neither is it probable that they
were brought there through the agency of
man, as Southern Florida is an almost uninhab-
ited wilderness, and has been so since the com-
mencement of its history. I have spoken in this
article, of shells being introduced into Florida,
because I am most familiar with it and its shell
fauna, but numbers of similar instances could
be given all over the tropics.

Ogallala, Neb., Aug. 8, 1887.
Concluded,

ON A NEW FLORIDIAN NATICA.

NATICA FORDIANA, N. S.

Shell small, conic globose, white and shin-
ing throughout ; whorls well rounded, plicately
striate below the suture, where they are encir-
cled by about six faint lineal sulcations, giving
the spire and upper part of the body whorl a
slightly decussated appearance ; suture well im-
pressed, umbilicus open, bounded by a slight
groove; columella only slightly callously thick-
ened; operculum corneous. Length, 40 inches,
diameter, 30 inches. Some twenty or more
specimens of this fine little species were taken
alive on sand flats in Sarasota Bay, Florida, by.
the writer, during a severe norther ina locality
only laid bare ty the heaviest storms, I had
supposed it to be a form of A. semsulcata,
Gray. This latter species is placed in the sec-
tion Stignzaulax of the typical Naticas, a section
with grooved whorls, but Mr, Tryon states
that he had never seen the operculum of 4.
semisulcata, and thought that it might possibly
be a amma. My friend, Mr. John Ford, of
the Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, hav-

52 THE

CONCHOLOGSSTS’

EXCHANGE.

ing carefully compared my shells with specimens
of that species in the C ollection of the Acade-
my, informs me that it is not that, but that it is
certainly a new species.
therefore, in naming it in his honor. Its corne-
ous operculum places it in the sub-genus
Neverita, and the want of a funiculum makes
ita member of the section Lumatia.

CuHas, T. SIMPSON.
Ogallala, Neb., Sept. 1, 1887.

STRIA.

Raton, New Mexico,

well,

owns a natural gas
aes : 5 .
[here are 300 species of fossils in the famous
steatite beds of Grundy Go., Ill.

A storm and tidal wave occurred at Guaymas
and San Blas, Mexico, lately.

A Museum of Natural History is to be erect-
ed at Coronado Beach, Cal.

Parry’s Marmot, Sfermophelus arry,
said to live nine months under the snow.

The common robin, 7urdus migratorius,
was observed on the Mussel Creek, Idaho,
6000 feet above sea-level.

It is announced that Professor
Harvard, is to marry
Wellesley College.

Palmer,

President Freeman, of

Ferns to the number of 129 species have been
found on the Sandwich Islands, but 10 of which
also inhabit North America.

A rare Western plant, Wolfenia veniforimrs,
Hook, has been found as late as June 28th in
full bloom, near the snow at an altitude of 6000
feet.

Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, of Baldwinsville,
N_Y., lately read a paper of great merit upon
Indian antiquities before the Pennsylvania His-
torical Society of Philadelphia.

I take great pleasure, |

of |

The Biological Class of the University of
Pennsylvania, lately working in the West Indies,
has returned with a great quantity of material.

Emin Bey lately sent a large and valuable
collection of Natural History specimens to the
South Kensington Museum, London.

Geo. H. Taylor, of Mobile, Ala., is now at
work on the muds of Beaufort harbor, N. C.,
in search of microscopical material.

A. H. Brecenfeld, Recording Secretary of
the San Francisco Microscopical Society, has
resigned, and has gone to San Diego.

Milan possesses an 800 pound quartz crystal,
3% feet long, and 5% feet in circumference.

The next meeting of the Amn.
the Advancement of Science, will be held at
Cleveland, ©. Professor E S. Morse, of Sa-
lem, Mass., has retired from the Presidency.

Ass’n. for

Twenty-eight miles per hour, it is said,
the fastest time made by any boat, and that’ -
an Italian twin-screw torpedo boat.

Senorita Matilda Montoya is the first Mexi-
can woman to become a doctor. The proceeds
of a bull-fight, originated by the young men of
the City of Mexico, were devoted to the pur-
chase of books and instruments for her.

A new variety of Papilio rutulus, and named
by Mr. James Behrens, var. Azmonz, has been
found in Nevada by Herr v. Ammon, of San
Francisco, after whom it was named. Also a
new Catocala. named by Mr. Behrens, Catocala
Elda, n. sp., found at Portland, ¢ Jregon.— Cana-
dian ga October.

Young Col ieee Corner,

Shell Collecting.

CHAS. T SIMPSON.

lt is) the
young,

fashion, now-a-days, among the
and some who are not so young, to

THES CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE:

On
Gs

spend a great deal of time and some money in
collecting old postage stamps, tin tags and the
like. What benefit can result from such col-
lecting I cannot possibly see, unless it be to
keep the persons so engaged out of mischief
Yet there are large colléctions of tin tags held
at a high money valuation in this country, and
we have an organization of stamp collectors
with regular officers, who meet and transact
business.

It seems to me that the time, money and en-
ergy spent in such occupations could be far
more profitably employed in making collections
of natural history specimens in any of the many
interesting departments Even if the collector
had no aim in view except obtaining the largest
possible number of species, it seems to me
scarcely probable that he could get together a
large collection in any department of natural
history, without at least beginning to feel some
interest in the study of the branch in which he
was collecting, and, at any rate, his specimens
might fall into the hands of some one who
would make such a study and be benefited
by it.

But it seems to me that there are very many
who fall far short of the highest aim in collect-
ing shells. With many the idea seems only to
be the obtaining of the greatest possible num-
ber of species, while others wish only to make
a fine show; and hence, desire only exactly
matched pairs or triplets of shells, perfectly
alike in form, sculpture and coloring. No
doubt a large collection is always desirable, or
extra fine specimens, and certainly anyone is
justified in making as attractive-and showy a
cabinet as possible. Yet I think the true stu-
dent of Conchology has a higher aim in view
than mere numbers or fancy specimens or sets.

My shells are a set of tools to enable me to
learn something of the science of Conchology; to
assist in studying out the relationships of species,
genera and families; the variations of species
and varieties; the questions of geographical dis-
tribution, and other kindred subjects. For this
reason I had rather have two varieties of a
species than the best matched pair in the world,
as one is but a repetition of the other, and can
teach nothing that the other does not. and to

me a set of the different forms and colors of a
species means much more than a hundred fine
specimens which are all alike. Many persons
in collecting utterly refuse to get or receive
young shells, and yet I believe, where it is pos-
sible, they should be always obtained, especially
where they vary much in appearance or form
from the adults.

Many a hasty naturalist has given a name to
the young of some well-known species, whereas,
if he had only taken the trouble to collect a
set of all ages, he might have saved the litera-
ture of science another synonym.

In collecting I believe it to be well to obtain
every possible variety and variation; reversed
forms, arrested growths, and monstrosities.
Even worn shells are sometimes valuable, for
there have been many species founded on such
specimens, which, of course have to be relegat-
ed to the synonymy. I always, when I can do
no better, collect odd valves, worn specimens,
or even broken shells, as I can learn some
things from such specimens that I cannot “rom
the best descriptions or figures.

If one is fastidious about appearances, he
can put these ‘‘black sheep” in an old cabinet
somewhere by themselves, and my word for it,
if he ever astonishes the scientific world with
many discoveries, he will go to them for ex-
amination and comparison quite often.

Then let me say to young collectors, let your
collecting go hand in hand with studying; carry
your note-book wherever you go, on the sea-
shore, by the streams, or in the forests; jot
down carefully every fact connected with dis-
tribution, habits, place and position of the
mollusca that you may find, and such jottings
may afterwards prove of great value to yoyprself
and others; preserve the operculum of every
species having one, and keep up a constant
comparison among your species. Comparison
was the chief point in Prof. Agassiz’s teaching,
and no more successful teacher ‘ever lived.
With careful study, as well as collecting, there
is not a person interested anywhere who cannot
add something to science or make valuable
discoveries.

Ovallala, Neb., Oct. 5, 1887.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

NECROLOGY.

Joseph Wilson, M. D., U.S. N., died March
Ist, 1887, aged 40 years. Dr. Wilson was
connected with Perry’s expedition to Japan, and
was much interested in Natural History. He
also made many contributions to the Cabinet of |
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila.

He was the author of a work entitled “ Naval
Hygiene,” published in 1879, a book of much
merit.

Dr. J. C. McCormick, Conchologist and
Archeologist, of Strawberry Plains, Tenn.,
was killed on the 4th of Oct.,1887, by the col-
lapse of an Indian mound which he was ex-

ploring.

VALVES.

About 300 species of cowry (Cyfrea) are
found in tropical and sub-tropical seas.

Ovulum ( Volva) secale, Sowerby, a native of
the Bahamas, feeds upon the polyps of Pero-
gorgia setosa, Linn.

The type specimen of Aulimus Rossitert,
Brazier, New Caledonia, is deposited in the
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia.

_ Corrections :—Vol. 2, No. 3, page 28, BBG
line from top, please read coves for caves; and
on 27th line, 2d column, the word venezws
should be read instead of revives. ;
e

The British Government levies a tax of £2
or $10 upon each specimen of Cyprea auran-
fiw, Mtn., obtained for export. This accounts
for the high prices at which this fine shell is
held.

Owing to the brittleness of Phastanella bult-
motes, Lamarck, (a highly polished and very
beautiful Australian shell related to 77ochus),
it is very difficult to obtain perfect specimens.

Mr. E. W. Roper, of Revere, Mass., upon a
recent visit to Bethel, Me., reports that he found
Planogyra asteriscus, (originally discovered
there by Mr. Edward S. Morse, of Salem,

Mass.), Hyalina ferrea, exigua, chersina, and
lineata, Vitrina, limpida; Carychium exig-
uum, Vertigo Gould, and simplex; Pupa
fentodon and others. He found all these shells
in the same kind of localities as Mr. Morse
described 25 years ago. At Portland, Me., he
reports having found the minute Seea pla-
norbis, Rissoa occulens and Purpura lapillus.

The following extract from Prof. Keep’s in-

| teresting ‘‘West Coast Shells,” is a true index

of the prevailing style: ‘At length I struck
“upon a spot where a little stream of water was
“oozing out from the bank of sand. As I
“scraped away the surface, | saw something.
“which would have made me dance for joy
“had I not been weighed down by the long
“boots. For there, in very truth, was a live
“Olive, ( Ofivella biplicata, Sby.), with its grace-
“ful shell shaped like Figure 20, and a beauti-
“ful pearl-colored body. It quickly withdrew
“this into the shell and closed the aperture
“with a very insignificant scale, which seemed
“*to be an apology for an operculum.”

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

‘

1. General Rules of The Natural History
Ass’n, of New South Wales. 2. Description
of a new Bulimus from New Caledonia. 3.
Description of a new species of Onchidium.
4. New species of Land and Fresh-water Mol-
lusca from Maclay-Coast and Triton Bay, New
Guinea, collected by Baron Maclay. 5. Tro-
chidz and other genera of South Australia,
with their synonyms. Part 1. Nos. 2 to 5, by
John Brazier, F. L.S We are indebted to
Mr. Brazier for the above, and sincerely trust
that his useful and valuable labors in Australia
may be long continued and richly rewarded.

List of Sea and Fresh-water Shells from
Frank J. Ford, Wichita, Kan. Catalogue of the
Central Normal College for 1886-87, also Cen-
tral Normal Post for May, June, and July,
August, 1887; also, List of Land and Fresh-
water Shells found in the vicinity of Danville,
Hendricks Co., Ind., collected by G. Dallas
Lind, M. D., and Chas. A. Hargrave. From
Chas. A. Hargrave, Sec’y.

iAiheCONCHOBOGISTS! -peXCEHANGE:

PALPI.

YULE-TIDE is near, and you will need friends like
Messrs. Porter & Coates, or you will miss it, as their
well-stocked book shelves conclusively prove. Mr.
George R. Nell, a gentleman of long experience in
the book trade, will fill all orders, either directly or

with what the miner tells you of the beauties un-
derground? A sight of those for sale by our triend,

Mr. J. ©. Carr, will make you sorry for past indif- |

ference. /

Isn’r it about time to dust out that mysterious
Christmas closet up stairs, to set a new combination
for the lock, ke? You couldn’t begin the hoard with
a nicer, cleanér work than Professor Keep’s “ West
Coast Shells.’ It is written in the conversational
style, which young students like so well, and Harry
‘or Madie, once the owner of it, will read it all the
year round.

day, that ‘‘he could do without the aid of THE
CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.” A reference to our
mail book shows that /e had received no sample copies
for several months. Comment is unnecessary.

WHERE the bees’ hive, there work is brisk.
Mr. James M. Southwick writes, he is so busy he ean
hardly turn around. Verbum sat sapienti

Mr. JAMES SPENCER, Of Halifax, England, has a
full line of Natural History goods for the inspection
of his American patrons. He makes a specialty of
micro-preparations of Coal Plants.

SOME time since we thought we should have to
stop selling our $1.00 Offers, as the profits were so
close; but our friends insist upon another series,
and we issue No, 7 in this number, No. 1 Exchange
Box has wet with much favor.

Our friend, Prof. Berlin H. Wright, now of Penn
Yan, N. Y., but after November 1st, of Lake Helen,
Fla., has everything to please you from a beautiful
shell foe home in that American Orange Free State
—Florida.

THE neatest, smallest and most useful thing out,
is the Return Request Letter Stamp, issued by The
National Letter-Return Association, of Chicago, Il.
We will send you circular for stamp, and can supply
you with 120 stamps for 30 cents, 600 for $1.00. Try
them and keep your letters out of the Dead Letter
Office. Address The Conchologists’ Exchange.

“T WOULD be very sorry to give it up;” ‘I have
so many offers to exchange that I can’t accommodate
them all, thanks to your paper;” “An excellent
paper;” “My advertisement is doing good work.
Searcely a day passes but I hear from new corre-
spondents,” are a few of the many comments upon
the usefulness of THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
brought to us by every mail.

offers.

Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be
cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20
words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi-
tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than 10 cents.

Offered.—Unio Anodoutoides, Lea; Helix Berlan-
dieriana, Mor , Texasiana, Mor., thyroides, Say, lep-

ovina, Gould; and other Texan shells for offers in
Shells. W.W. WESTGATE, Houston, Texas

Wanted.—South American land and fresh-water
Shells. Offered.—Ceylonese, Indian and_ others
Send list. MISS LINTER, Arragon Close, Twicken-
ham, England.

Offered.—Knorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby :
Thesaurus, Monograph Veneridse. Wanted.—Vol-
umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other
conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon,
near Rotterdam, Holland.

Five specimens of the fossil Leda truncata from
the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for
CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science, Alma,
Mich.

Wanted.—In perfect condition, with localities:— ~
CYPR.H®A aurantium, niyosa, exusta, Scotti, thersi-
tes, tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and
umbilicata. MURKEX, Saulie, palma-rosz and tenu-
ispina. OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, por-
phyria, tenebrosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus,
latissimus and melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra,
junonia, imperialis, magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana
and rare Asiatic, Australian, African and South
American Bulimi, Helicide and Unionide, and
conchological works of all kinds,

Offered.—50 species of Tertiary and other Fossils
from Southern States and Europe, Woodward's Man-
ual of the Mollusea 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of
the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family
of Naiades, ’52 edition: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y
Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: ‘Agassiz and Gould’s
Comp. Physiology, Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin.
Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Sauriav of
the New Red Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s
Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4,
Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out,
uncut, or any of the shells on my Price List which
IT may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of
the shells wanted above, need not apply. W. D.
AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila.

Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur-
puratus, Schooleraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species
Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita,
Kan.

56 SEUSS:

CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

Offered.—Cypriea helvola, erosa; Harpa ventri-
cosa; Nassa reticulata, variabilis; Frochus cinera-
rius, exiguus; Gibbula Richardi;
tanica; Ppasianella Kochii. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr.,
Morro, Cal,

Wanted.—Achatinella, Goniobasis and Spheri-
wn. Offered.—Land, fresh-water and marine Mol-
lusea. H.P Smith, + ustodian Cincinnati Society of
Natural History, 108 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells, bird skins,
fossils, &c., for minerals. Prof. A. TODD, Elk Head,
Oregon.

Offered —Geodes, Minerals and Sea-shells, for U.
S. Stamps. C. 0. HENBEST, Marshall, Il].

Patella Lusi- |

Sea- ie Coral and other marine curiosities to |

exchange for offers in Natural History specimens.
S. H. WITHERSPOON, Pulpit Harbor, Maine.

Minerals fur same or nice, showy shells) MARY
M. SPROWLS, Simpson’s Sture, Washington Co., Pa.

for land and
V. LEHMAN, Box 100, Tre-

Coins, Stamps, anthracite fossils, ete,
fresh-water shells. W.
mont, Pa.

papers, ete., for sea-shells and
Mrs. L. ABBOTT, Ravens-

Offered.— Books,
other marine specimens.
wood, Ill.

Offered.—Fine Florida Shells and Curios for Nat-
uralists’ Books, Tools or Microscopes. CHAS. 8.
McPHERSON, Bonifacio, Florida. ,

Doll, Red-stone
Buck-skin Tobacco
Fresh-water and Marine
Shells, Holy Land Relics and many miscellaneous
curiosities. Wanted.—Land, Fresh-water and Ma-
rine Shells, Relicsand Curiosities. THOS. E. ADDY,
54. N. Franklin St., Janesville, Wis.

Oftfered.— Indian bos tt holder,
Pipe-bowl, Bow and Arrows,
Pouch, Moccasins, Land,

Fine Books for Sale.

SOLDIONLY HOR CASH:

CONOHOLOGY.

Trvon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND
SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN-
UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for
Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
Circulars sent on application,

SpreciaL Norice:—Seeond-hand copies of Tryon’s
STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOL-
OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA,
with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations London, 1880 edition.
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah, \WEST COAST SHELLS. The
latest work on California and other West Coast
Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.75, postpaid, See advertisement.

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma-
tidze, (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO.
W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,
postpaid.

List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1 75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Order Pholadacea
and other Papers. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR,
Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Complete Writings on Recent and Fos-
sil Conchology_ of C. S&S. Rafinesque.
Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY-
ON, Jr. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid

Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri-
ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY,
1830-384. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol-
ogy from the rext of Milne-Edwards and Achille-
Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; °46 edition, 30
cents pp.

SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post-

Lea, Isane.
NAIADES.
paid.

Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States. with illustrations ot
all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine
edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored
and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi-
tion, $8.50.

Bernardi, GALATEA ET? FISCHERIA, 49 pages,
10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris,
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatley’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid,

W.G. Binney. LAND AND FRESH WATER
SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA.—Part III. Pa-
per, 128 pages, 232 figures. Price $1.00, postpaid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming
scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter's very
instructive article upon ‘The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

On
“I

“Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices:

Wolsiercompleties.” ; ==) «4. $1 50
Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00
Vol. II, complete, ‘ 1 00
Vol. III, complete, 75°

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Science and Art.
Vol. XT, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

OUR PREMIUM LIST.

A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT.

Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we
will forward to the originator of the club, $1.00’s
worth of shells at List Prices.

Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assistant,” 228

PREMIUMS IN SHELLS.

To every person sending us before December J,
1887, the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club-
Rate of 35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new

| Subscribers), a choice collection of shells consisting

of 150 species and 500 specimens.

To every person sending 50 names with the accom-
panyiug cash a collection of 75-species and 250 speci-
mens.

To every person sending 25 names and the cash,
will be sent a collection of 40 species and 125 speci-
mens.

These offers consist of choice shells in fine condi
tion with correct nameand locality in each instance;
and will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange.
A few of the genera from which the above will be
selected are as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea,
Pyrula, Cassidulus, Pleurotoma, Triton, Ranella,
Nassa, Purpura. Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Fasciolaria,
Littorina, Goniobasis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepi-
dula, Nerita, Neritina, Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis,
Chiton, Helix, Bulimus, Achatina, Achatinella,
Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymnza, Cyclostoma, Physa,
Pholas, Mactra, Tellina, Donax, Venus, Cytherea,

| Tapes, Cardium, Unio, Anodonta, Modiola, Arca,
' Pecten and others.

pages, will be sent, post-paid, for $5.25 and the names |

of 15 subscribers.

Prof. Josiah Keep’s,‘‘ West Coast Shells” will be
sent free for $8.75 and the names of 25 subscribers.

Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,” 1880 edi-
tion, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of
30 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Conchology,”
cheap edition, will be sent free for $17.50, and the
names of 50 subscribers.

Tryon’s “Monograph of the* Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States,” plain edition, will be sent free
for $35 and fhe names of 100 subscribers.

Sowerby’s “Genera of recent and Fossil Shells,’
264 plates. 44-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for
$52.50 and the names of 150 subseribers.

AND LOOK
8a For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers,
we will send, express prepaid, one of
Queen’s Educational Microscopes,

mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable
eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete.
A fine chance for an active worker.

| tion

|
|
|
|
|

These offers are made simply to increase the pop-
ular interest in that beautiful and highly interesting
study—Conchology, as well as to extend the subserip-
list of Tuk ConcnonoGists’ EXCHANGE, a
monthly publication to which every shell collector
should subscribe.

Special Notice.

We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or
more subscribers, and in no case will individual
subscriptions be received at less than the new rate
of 50 cents. By request the above Lists will be held
open until December 1, 1887,so that those who in-
tend to subscribe will find it ta their advantage to
forms Clubs of five or more and thus secure the
benetit of the reduction. In addition to these splen-
did Premiums every subscriber to Volume IT has a
premium in the shape of three (3) free exchanges
annually.

A COMMISSION of 30 perent. in CASH will be
paid in lieu of the above premiums for all club sub-
scriptions at the full rate of 50 cents per annum.

Gn
oo

THE > CONCHOLOG

ISTS’ - EXCHANGE.®

$1.00.
OFFER NO. 7.

10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice |

Shells.

Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00.

116, Triton rubecula, L., Mauritius.
117. Gibbula rarilineata, Mich., Dellys, Al-
geria. ‘
*118. Melampus olivaceus, Cpr., San Diego,
Cal.
119, Liocardium substriatum, Con., San Di-
ego, Cal.
120. ‘Clausilia Lampedusa, Calc., Italy.
‘y21. Helix muralis, Miill., Sciacca, Sicily.
122. Cyclostoma dentatum, Say, Key West,
Fla
*123. Fluminicola virens, Lea, Napa Co., Cal.
*124. Nassa tegula, Say, Ruatan Islands, Hon-
duras ; and
125. Bulimus Ziebmani, Pfr., Corumba_ Prov-

ince, South America. <A very beau-

tiful and rare Bulimus, and worth

50 cents singly.
THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

The num-

Address

* These will overrun in number.

bers date from Offer No. 1.

Fossil Ferns.

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns
from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly
named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for
choice Marine Shells.

J. C. CARR,
Gruady County National Bank,
Morris, Ll.

CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,
HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES
FOR SALE.

Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex-

change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted

for De Land University.

BERLIN H. WRIGHT,

LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA

JAMES SPENCER,
SALISBURY PLACE,

AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND,
AGENT

FOR

Specimens of British Natural History Objects,

and Scientific Books in all branches.
Specialty— Micro-preparations of Coal Plants

of Halifax and Oldham. Prices reasonable.

| The West Amerigan Scientist.

This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new
volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of
POPULAR SCIENCE.

A feature consists of articles on topography and
natural history of Upper and Lower California.
Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00
per year, !0 cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4

months’ trial subscription. Agents wanted.
C.R. ORCUTT, Epbitor,

» San Diego, Cal.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE is Agent for the

stamps of which the illustra-
tion is a copy. 120 stamps for
30 cents, 600 for $1.00, both
sizes, in neat book form post-
paid for price.
These stamps
thousands of letters
WWEEMARK IN T)ead Letter Office.
stamp for Circular to our Office.

have saved
from the
Send Ict.

gounnn

DEES CONCHOLOGISTS? .EXCHANGE. 59

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELLS AT. THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER
SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR-
TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL: CASES .BE PAID
BY SENDER. /
All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.

HXCHANGE BOX, No. 1. >
For $1.00

We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis
containing 380 different species, and 150 specimens
especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec-
.tion for yourself and lots to trade.

ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED.

SCIENTIFIC PRINTING.
Orders received for Scientific and other Printing, in all its branches.
Labels, Catalogues, Mounting Cards, &c. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF
‘‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’

for which good prices will be paid.

15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume I,
in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con-
chological publications.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

60 Tine

PORTER & COATES’
NEW BOOKS.

THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG-
LAND.

JAMES 5. STONE, D:

aes $1.75
At etter and more thougntful book of travels
in the Mother C ountry has not appeared for a
long time. Though “ to the manor born,” and
consequently well acquainted with the manners
and customs of her people, the greater portion
of his life has been passed in the new world,
and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun-
try, walked through the green lanes and by-
paths of ‘* Merrie England,” with all his love
for the old world quickened by his life in the
new, and the result has been a work of the
greatest interest and value.

By the Rev. DD

12mo. cloth, extra,

THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE ;
Or, the Story of the Deaf.
By JoserH A. SrEiss, D. D., LL. D.

Author of ‘“‘ Miracle in Stones,’ ‘“ Voices
from Babylon,” ‘¢ Luther and the Reforma-
tion,” etc. 12mo. cloth, extra, $1.00

THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes
of Ben Barclay,
3y HORATIO ALGER, JR.

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25

THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS.

By Epwarbp 8S. ELLIs.
:

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25

HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE;
Or a Weex’s Delight of Sports
and Games.

Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00

900 CHESTNUT STREET,
' PHILADELPHIA.

Please mention the Conchologists’ Exchange.

CONGCHOROGISIES

EXCHANGE.

Flelix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon.

By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.

A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh
Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United
States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182
Illustrations, 230 pages. The frontispiece is a
hand-painted engraving of the very rare and
beautiful

Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb.

Yo aid in the stu¢ ay of Shells, the pronuncia-
tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos-
sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists,
and a Check List are added. Beauti tfully printed

and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75.
Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532
Market St., San Francisco, Cal.
Please mention this paper.
5 EGGS —
BIRDS’ 8
EYES
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CHESTNUT BILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1887.

No. 5.

A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists
generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher. +

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XLI.

FAMILY CORBULID/L.

This family contains seven genera of shells
with more than one hundred species. Two of
these genera are represented in New England,
each by a single species.

Genus Corbula, Brug.—1792.

The Corbulas or Basket-shells have one valve
smaller than the other; the animals have a foot
shaped like a finger, adapted to poke in the

*sand and mud. ‘The shells are shaped like
very young Mya’s, but do not gape like them.
There are seventy-three recognized species, one
of which inhabits Rhode Island.

150.—Corbula contracta, Say.

Shell small, ovate-globose, white (covered
with smooth, rounded, elevated, concentric
lines,) shortest and rounded before, narrowed

_and pointed a little behind; basal margin con-
contracted and arched in the middle; hinge
with one slender, upright tooth in each valve,
fitting into a corresponding pit in the other;
beaks prominent, inclined forwards; an angu-
lar ridge runs from the beaks to the posterior
end defining a broad rhomboidal space; left
valve smaller than the right. Length, two-
fifths of an inch; height, one-quarter ; breadth,
one-fifth.

This species was described by Thomas Say,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ti, 312, 1822.
Inhabits from Cape Cod to Florida. is said
to be veryabundant in some places near low
water in sand andmud. Perkins says he has
dug it up alive from sand at low water near
Savin Rock, New Haven, Conn. Verrill finds
it in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay in
five to nineteen fathoms. Gould says it is
abundant about Rhode Island, but I have not
been fortunate enough to discover any of these
large deposits; one living specimen obtained
in dredging in the bay and two dead ones on
shore is all that have rewarded my labors thus
far.

These shells might easily be mistaken for
very young clams, but a close examination will
disclose a very important feature, the right
valve being larger than the left, the smaller
valve shuts into the larger one when the shell
is closed. I believe no other New England
shell exhibits this peculiarity.

Genus Nezra, Gray—18384.

These beautiful shells are shaped like Corbu-
las, but are provided with a produced rostrum
or snout at the posterior end, to shelter the deli-
cate fringed syphonsof the animal. The shells
are thin and pearly, and are found only in deep
water. There are twenty-two species, one of
which inhabits New England.

151.—Neera pellucida, Stimp, 1854.

Shell small, thin, sub-ovate, expanded before
and contracted behind into ashort snout ; beaks
small, placed a little in front of the middle ;
surface pale white, smooth with faint striz of
growth, quite distinct on the rostrum, interior
smooth and glossy; teeth minute; epidermis
white, sometimes pale greenish on the beaks

TE, CONCHOLOGISIS): EXCHANGE:

and: brownish on the rostrum. Length, one-
half an inch; height, three tenths, breadth,
one-fifth.

This, the first andonly species of this genus
found on the Atlantic coast of North America,
is accredited to New Brunswick in Conrad’s
*« Catalogue of the Family Anatinidze.” ‘*New
England, northwards,’ Tryon’s Am. Mar.
Conch. 141. "in Family Myide. Now placed
in Family Corbulidz. It was described by
Wm Stimpson, in a pamphlet entitled “ The
Inyertebrataof Grand Manan” in 1854. A spe-
cimen@was taken from a haddock caught near
Portland, Me. Another specimen was brought
up by the dredge, off Long Island, from forty
fathoms of water, in mud.

FAMILY ANATINIDA, D’Orb., 1845.

This is an immense family, containing thirteen
living and twenty-six fossil genera. There
are about 140 species living and over 400 fos-
sil. There are five genera represented in New
England.

Genus Pandora, Brug.—1792.

Shell inequivalve, thin, pearly within; right
valve flat; left valve convex; syphons of the
animal short, united, separated .only at the
tips.

152.—Pandora trilineata, Say, 1822.

Syns : »
Pandora nasuta, Sby. Clidiopnora trilineata,

Carp., 1864.

Shell oblong - ovate, pearly white, round-
ed before and with an ascending or re-
curved tip behind; valves nearly flat, the left
valve a little convex and the right one flat,
leaving so little space that a novice would hard-
ly believe that an animal could live between
them; hinge placed at the posterior slope,
which is very abrupt, and forms an obtuse an-
gle with the hinge margin; hinge margin
bounded on the edges by two rounded, elevated
lines originating at the beaks and continued to

the tip; there is also another faintly impressed

line running across the valve from the beak to
the middle of the base; on account of the pres-

ence of these three lines, Say gave it its speci-
fic name ; Sowerby also named it nasuta, from
its tip which resembles an upturned nose.
There are three teeth in the left or convex valve
and two in the right or flat one ; interior irides-
cent. Length, one and three-tenth inches;
height, seven-tenths ; breadth, one sixth.

A single valve of one of these shells was
found by Say in Great Egg Harbor, N. J.; he
afterwards found specimens in Georgia and
Florida, and described them in the Journ Acad.
Nat. Sci, Phila., 11: 261, 1822. It has been
found as far North as Eastport and Grand
Manan. Common in Buzzard’s Bay, Long
Island Sound, ete. Gould says: ‘ Found
about the sazdy regions of Cape Cod, and not
unfrequently discovered adhering to oysters in
the market.” We certainly have as good op-

| portunities for examining oyster shells in Provi-

dence as in any section of the country, but I
have never been able to find one of these shells
adhering to an oyster, nor have any specimens
been discovered on any of our sazdy shores in
Narragansett Bay. The only place where we
find it is off Rumstick, at the mouth of
Warren river, in fifteen to twenty fathoms wa-
ter; the bottom here is soft mud, being the de-
bris brought down by the Warren and Barring-
ton rivers and deposited along the bottom of the
Bay for half a mile or more from its mouth. In
this fine mud live several species of shells not
found except in similar situations.

Genus Thracia, Leach—1824.

There are twenty-seven species of this genus,
two of which may inhabit Rhode Island.

153.—Thracia Conradi, Couthouy, 1838.

Shell rounded-ovate, thin, light and fragile,
posterior end narrow and truncated; beaks
nearly central, very conspicuous, that of the
right valve perforated to receive the point of
the other; exterior ashy white with a_ thin
brownish epidermis not covering the whole sur-
face; surface rough, coarsely wrinkled by the
lines of growth, underneath it is pearly ; interior
chalky -white ; valves toothless, held together
by the strong external ligament; right valve
large and more convex that the left. Length,
three to four. inches; height, two and ahalf;
breadth, one and a half,

ie - CONCHOLOGISIS! EXCHANGE: 63

This species was described by Couthouy in
the Jour, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 183, 1839.
It is said to inhabit the whole New England
coast. It is thrown up in storms on Chelsea
Beach, containing the living animal. Gould says:
« Single valves are found on R. I.” I have
never seen one in our bay. A shell of this
size, growing sometimes” to four inches in
length, would not be easily overlooked; it is
shaped much like a quahog, but its narrowed
and truncated posterior would at once distin-
guish it, without looking for the minor differ-

ences, such as the convexity of one valve, the’

toothless hinge, etc. Verrill says: “ This
species burrows so deeply in the mud or sand
that it is seldom taken alive with the dredge.”

154.— Thracita truncata, Mighels and Adams.

Shell small, ovate-triangular, compressed’
white, solid, beaks at the posterior fourth’
small, the right one excavated to receive the left ;
surface covered with lines of growth; epider-
mis pale yellowish; interior white; ligament
large. Length, three-quarters; height, one-
half ; breadth, three-tenths of aninch. Described
by Mighels and Adams in the Journ. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. 1v: 38, 1842. A deep waterspecies
Rhode Island.

not *yet found in Agassiz
dredged it off Martha’s Vineyard. Inhabits

from Long Island to Greenland.

To be Continued.

DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICAN

SHELLS.
BY C. F. ANCEY.

1.—Helix Verrilli, Anc.

Testa utrinque convexa, depressiuscula, niti-
dula, sat minute umbilicata, subopalino-albida,
subhyalina, in medio ultimi zona angusta fusca
cincta. Spira depresso-conyexa, summo obtuso,
nitido, leevigato , Anfractus fere 4%, modice
et regulariter accrescentes, convexi, sutura 1m-
pressa linearique divisi, supra (apice excepto)
granis breviter piligeris regulariter in quincun-
ciis dispositis infra evanidis prcediti? embryo-

nali magno, haud papillatim producto, subtus
regulariter convexo, nitido (striis incrementi
vix perspicuis sculpto), ad aperturam leviter
paulatimque antice descendente. Apertura
sub-obliqua, emarginato-circularis, ad Casin
prope columellam obscure subangulata. Peris-
toma tenuiter expansum, ad columellam latius
reflexum, album, umbilicum ptofundum ex
parte subobtectans.

Diam. maj., :17% 5 min., :15)4 ; alt., 1174
mill,

Locality: Ventanas, Durango, N. W. Mex-
ico.

This beautiful shell, named after Prof. Ver-
rill, belongs to subg, Leptarionta, Crosse.” It
was collected by M. Forier and identified by
Prof. Mousson as 4. Remondi, Tryon, from
which it widely differs. Indeed, they do not
seem to belong to the same group, as Verrilli is
quite distinct in shape, color, texture, number
of whorls, etc. It also differs much from
another species, which has been erroneously re-
ported ‘from Arizona, and subsequently found
in Lower California by M. W. H. Gabb, and
also more recently in the same peninsula by a
French engineer, Mr. Cumenge, associated
there with Leptobyrsus spirifer, Gabb, a much
more common shell, at El Boleo on the coast
opposite to Guaymas, in Sonora, viz: Helix
Rowelli, Newcomb, in having a much smaller
umbilicus, less depressed shell, higher body
whorl, and the upper whorl not abruptly ele-
vated above the level of the spire.

2.—Helix Levettet, Bland.

Triodopsis Levettei, Blandin Ann. Sc.Ac.N,
Y.ii, p. 115 (1880).

The type was found in Santa Fe Canyon,
New Mexico; thespecies has been subsequent-
ly reported by Mr. W. G, Binney as found in
the Huachuca Mountains, near Tucson, Arizo-
na, (vide : Bulletin of the Museum of Comp.
Zool., Cambridge, Dec., 1886, p. 36, pl. 1, fig.
15). The specimen figuredin the last said
publication differs from the type as represented
in the “ Manual of American Land Shells,”
1885 (p. 385, fig. 418), in having a slightly

THE -CONCHOLOGISES?

EXCHANGE,

broader posterior and a single bifid tooth (in-

stead of two distinct ones) on the basal edge of |

its peristome.

I received the following forms—which ap-
pear to’deserve a name as varieties—from Prof.
J. H. Thomson, They are as the type from
Santa Fe Canyon, New Mexico. I was in-
formed the locality where they were found is
now destroyed, being use as a “rancho”? for
the cattle.

Var. Zhomsoniana. Differt statura minore,
numero anfractuum (51% nec 7), testa vix stria-
tula, peristomate pierumque dilutiore, ultimo
anfractu magis ad finem descendente et dente
basali uno 72x bifido.

Var. ovobena. Peratfinis preecedenti ; nume-
ro anfractuum et statura persimilis; sed dis-
crepat ultimo anfractu vix descendente ad ter-
minationem, altiore; apertura majore et minus
obliqua.

3-—flelix armigera, Anc.

I avail myself of the opportunity I have now
of writing about some of the American snails,
to declare I consider now as distinct the form
I had formerly described under the name of H.
Columbiana var (?) armigera (var. armigera, err
typ., in “le Naturaliste’’). It was formerly

refered by Mr. W. G. Binney (in Manual of |

American Land Shells, 1885, p. 474) to Steno-
trema germanum and thought by this concholo-
gist to be a variety major of the last, connecting
this species with Mesodon Columbianus. Sub-
sequently (December, 1886) he figured this
form as Mesodon armigerus and expressed his
opinion that it would be doubtless considered
eventually as a distinct species. It appears to
me to be distinct from both shells, either Steno-
trema germanum or Mesodon Columbianus
that Mr. Binney regarded in his last work as
more close to it than S. germanum.

4.—Microphysa Ingersolli, Bland.

Helix Ingersolli, Bland, in Ann. Lyc. N. H.
N. York, xi, 151, fig. (1874): W. G. Binney,
in Man. Am. Land Shells, 1885, -p. 170, ete.

Var. convexior, Anc.

Testa paulo minor; spira haud planulata nec
apice subimmersa, distincte convexa. Anfrac-

tus modo 5 nec 5 %, regulariter sed minus lente ,

accrescentes. Umbilicus minor.

Logan Canyon, Utah (Hemphill),

This form differs very much from the type
as figured by authors, and may perhaps in fu-
ture prove to be a different species; if so, the
name of cozvexiorv should be specific.

5—Falula strigosa, Gould.

Helix strigosa, Gould, in Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H,, ii, 166 (1846).

Var. Bruneri, Ancey (Helix (Anguispira)
Bruneri, Ancey in Le Naturaliste, 111, p. 468,
1881).

This shell (Bruneri) does not seem to me
identical with the form Oquirrhensis, Hemphill
MSS. (Binney in Bull. Comp. Zool., 1886, p.
34, pl. Ul, fig. 12), as suggested by Mr. Binney
himself. It is much more flattened and the
umbilicus is wider. The spiral ribs are also
more obsolete and interrupted. At any rate,
my name, published in 18382, should have the
priority on that of Oquirrhensis, a MSS. name,
published only last year.

A number of the forms Binney regards as
mere varieties of Patula strigosa, I look on as dis-
tinct species; such are: Wasatchensis, Haydeni,
Oquirrhensis, Hemphilli, Bruneri, Utahensis,
peripherica (Ancey 1882—multicostata, Hemp-
hill MSS., Binney, 1886), castanea, Gouldi,
etc. The limit between what are universally
considered as distinct species at the present
time, is quite impossible to determine, should
all these shells be regarded as mere local vari-
ations of a single species. In Europe H., stri-
gosa should be the head of a very protean
group of sfeczes. In the fact, most of the so-
called varieties are confined to very restricted
areas, which may eventually confirm the opin-
jon I expressed here.

To be Continued.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS? - EXCHANGE: 65

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

(Continued. )
FAMILY VIVIPARID.

This family is represented in Mercer County
by three genera, viz: Vivipara, Lamarck, three
species; Campeloma, Rafinesque, three species ;
and Lioplax, Troschel, one species.

GENUS VIVIPARA, LAMARCK.
68.— Vivipara intertexta, Say.

Shell sub-globose, yellowish-green, olivaceous
or dark brown, with many minute, obsolete
revolving lines; spire depressed, conic, obtuse,
truncated ; whorls five; suture deeply indented ;
umbilicus only partially closed by the lateral ex-
tension of the columella; sometimes ornamented
with two or three plain bands, although usually
without band. ‘This fine shell is rather common
in all the sloughs near the river, and in the small
lakes of the Bay Island. It was the opinion of some
of our early conchologists that this species was

only found in deep water, but my experience |

teaches me differently. I find very fine live
specimens in very shallow water, especially
during certain seasons of the year, when this
species is most active. In the Myers Slough I

have collected many fine specimens in clear |
It is found |

water not three inches in depth.
rather rarely in the river proper, but I occa-
sionally find it under flat stones, associated
with V. subpurpurea. here are two varieties
here; the dark brown, and the light colored
having a yellowish-green epidermis and usually
ornamented with pale, rather obsolete bands.
The last named variety is smaller in size.
Often during sudden rises in the waters many
specimens of this shell may be found clinging
to the underside of pieces of bark, chips, or
small sticks of wood floating near the margins
of the sloughs and lakes.

69.—Vivipara subpurpurea, Say.

Shell oblong, sub-globular, oval, thick and
solid when adult; whorls five; sometimes
wrinkled, often smooth and shining; spire
slightly elongated ; suture impressed; epidermis
variable, olivaceous, pale horn, yellowish-green,
and sometimes with a purple tinge, often orna-
mented with from three to five pale purple
bands on the body whorl; aperture widest in
the middle; interior of shell varying from pearly
white to reddish purple; umbilicus in some
specimens entirely closed, and in others only
partially closed.

The young and halfgrown of this species
differ so much from the adult that it is very
difficult to describe. As found here in the
river it is variable, and during different stages
of growth might easily be mistaken for more
than one species. It is rather rare here, only
being found in the Mississippiriver. The time to
collect it is when the water is very low, when
it is generally found attached to the under sur-
face of flat rocks, and sometimes under logs that
have lain a long time under water. I have
never found it upon muddy bottoms, and it
must be sought for where the current is usually
rather strong, with plenty of sand, gravel and
rocks at the bottom. Near the mouth of Ed-
wards Creek, in the Mississippi, is the only lo-
cality in which I have found this shell in any
numbers. Itis likely that J. sebperpurea and
V. intertexta are found the whole length of the
Mississippi from Minnesota to Louisiana.

70.—Vivipara contectoides, WW. G. Binney.

Shell elongate-ovate, rather thin, smooth,
shining, growth lines delicate, greenish horn
color to light brown, with longitudinal dark ,
lines marking the former peristome and orna-
mented with four well defined brown bands re-
volving around the body-whorls, only partially
umbilicated ; apex, usually entire ; whorls, five,
bulging, increasing very, rapidly in length, last
whorl ventricose. Aperture sub-circular,oblique,
white within, showing the bands plainly, which
do not reach the edge of the aperture; peris-
tome dark, thin, sometimes shining, somewhat
reflected at the umbilicus. Found only in the
Cowan and Bention Sloughs, below Neithsburg.
This, our largest /7z¢para, often attains a large
size. Remarkably fine specimens of this shell

66 Asus

CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

have been collected by my son, Philip Marsh,
in the Illinois River, in Peoria Lake and in the
river at Beardstown, county. I have
never found this species in the river, only in the
sloughs near it, and it must be extremely rare
as but a few dozen specimens have been ob-
tained. Specimens of /zvipara from Europe
labled V. Lister’, V. Lungare, V. vivipara
and I’. contecta appear to me to be very closely
allied to it.

Cass

GENUS CAMPELOMA, RAFINESQUE.

71.—Campeloma subsolida, Anthony.

Shell ovate, imperforate, spire elongated, very
thick and: heavy; sutures very distinct; whorls,
from 6 to 7, sometimes rather flat, at times
rounded and inflated. Epidermis light green
to light brown when adult; aperture broad,
ovate rounded before, angulated posteriorly,
white within ; peristome continuous with heavy
callous over parietal wall; margined with black
epidermal tissue lines of growth very promi:
nent. ‘This fine species is very abundant in the
river and along the margins of our sloughs and
lakes, always, “preferring muddy or very fine
sandy bottom, and it is also found in all the
small creeks of the county. In the sloughs it
attains a large size, but it is very much smaller
in the creeks. Where there is less lime and
more iron ore, the creek specimens besides
being much smaller, usually have a darker epi-
dermis. Sometimes the river forms are malle-
ate; and it is not unusual to find specimens
with a reversed spire; and again, I have found
that heterostrophic specimens average about
one in every 200 collected. The animal of
Campeloma seems to be effected by extreme
heat and cold, and I have found vast numbers
of dead specimens in the sloughs when, during
the Summer, the water is very low and highly
heated. The animal of this species usually
begins to disappear by the middle of September,
and buries itself deeply in the mud, where it
hibernates until early Spring.

72.—Campeloma extlis, Anthony.

Shell turreted, smooth,
green; spire elevdted ;
sutures well marked;

thick; color light
whorls from 6 to 7;
aperture small, broad-

ovate, livid within, sometimes white; umbilicus
variable, either open or closed; whorls variable,
either angular or flat; growth lines distinct.
This species is regarded by many as identical
with C. coarctata, Lam., while others claim it
to be asexual counterpart of C. sebsolida, Anth.
It is found here in but one locality, Sturgeon
Bay, at the lower point of Bay Island, where it
seems to be rather common. It is quite variable,
as some specimens are found with a distinct pale
revolving band encircling all the whorls, while
many others haye the whorls very much angu-
lated; and again, others are found with very
flat whorls,

73.—Campeloma rufa, Haldeman.

Shell imperforate, elongately ovate, thick,
rather smooth, often polished and shining;
growth lines sometimes rough; body-whorl
often malleated; epidermis dark olive, shading
to green; location of former peristomes dis-
tinctly marked by dark brown or black sigmoid
streaks, reddish under the epidermis; whorls
5 to 7, pinkish to the apex; slopingly convex,
near the suture sometimes slightly angulated ;
aperture slightly oblique, ovate, reddish within.
This shell is rare here, only a few specimens
having been found in two localities, viz: at the
point of a small island at the junction of Lakey
and Hanneman Sloughs, and near the outlet of
Swan Lake, on the Bay Island. The few
specimens obtained are, however, very much
nearer typical than the majority of specimens
in my cabinet from other localities, the rufous
or reddish appearance of the epidermis, and
the pinkish color of the entire apex in all stages
of its growth, will readily distinguish this spe-
cies from all others.

GENUS-LIOPLAX, TROSCHEL.

74.—Lioplax subcarinata, Say.

Shell varying from broad-oval to subcylindri-
cal in form, thickness variable; color of epi-
dermis ranging from light olive to light green,
often shining; smooth, imperforate; whorls
from 5 to 6, body-whorls rounded, sometimes
subcarinate, remaining whorls carinate or sub-
carinate, reticulated with striz and wrinkles ;
sutures deeply impressed; whorls often entire

THE

* CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

and carinate to apex; aperture oval and half
the length of the shell.

This fine shell is very common in all our
river sloughs and small lakes, and is sometimes
found in the river. It is a variable shell in
respect to outline and the carination of its
_ whorls. Sometimes all its whorls are carinate ;
“again, the body-whorl is perfectly rounded. It
is alee equally variable in regard to thickness,
as often the body-whorl is very finely reticulat-
ed with revolving striz, and at other times de-
void of them. The habits of the animal seem
to be very similar to those of Can:peloma.

To be Continued
NOTES UPON THE UNIONIDA OF
SOUTHERN FLORIDA.

BY DR.
BER

S. HART WRIGHT

LIN H. WRIGHT.

AND

We
w

We have collected extensively of Uniones in
the upper St. John’s River region during the
past threg years, and have satisfied ourselves
concerning certain points. Now we will give
to the readers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex-
CHANGE the results.

Unio Anthonyi, Lea.

This shell is found in the St John’s River,
in the vicinity of Blue Springs Landing, about
175 miles south of Jacksonville. It is nota
plentiful shell, but may always be recognized
by its flattened sides and plicated posterior
slope. It properly belongs to the plicate group,
as Dr. Lea suspected.

Unio aheneus, Lea.

We found this shell in but one locality, viz:
Lake Ashby, Volusia County. Mr. J. B. Upson
has collected it in a small creek which. flows
into the St. John’s River, near Palatka. The
form in Lake Ashby is not typical, but is
heavier, has a more arched dorsal line and
heavier teeth, and the hinge line is shorter,
‘The figure given by Dr. Lea is of a young
shell.

| Le pidus, (

Unio amyedalum, Lea.
eae) ’

This species is found in Lake Dias, Volusia
County, also in Lake Monroe, Lake Beresford,
and in the St. John’s River, at Blue Springs
Landing. We have a great many forms which
we have doubtfully referred to this species
Possibly further research will result in finding
some new species of this general form. The
forms found run into C7220 troszzlus, Lea and
rould,

Unio angustatus, Vea.

This shell has been collected in Black Creek,
near Palatka, by Mr. J. B. Upson. The speci-
mens are very characteristic.

Unio arctatus, Conrad.

This species may be credited to Southern
Florida with a doubt. Some of our best con-
chologists have pronounced a shell which we
think a variety of U. aheneus, Lea, to be this
species. Possibly we are mistaken. All of
the shells which we have seen, while bearing
the general outline of U. arctatus, Conrad, are
too much inflated, and have a rougher epider-
mis and different nacre.

To be Continued.

THE GIBRALTAR AND TANGIER FORMS
OF PARMACELLA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL,

In the * Journal of Conchology,”’ for 1886,
I described some spirit-preserved specimens of
Parmacella from Gibraltar, and pointed out
the characters wherein they differed from the
most nearly-allied species, the P. Valenciennti of
Webb and Van Beneden, Since then I have
received living examples from Tangier, on the
opposite African coast, differing in no respect
from the Gibraltar forms, and a careful exami-
nation of them has led me to consider them
rather as varieties of P. Valenciennt? than a
distinct species, particularly as the form found

| by Hidalgo in the central part of the peninsula

68 THE CONCHOLOGISTS”- EXCHANGE,

appears to be intermediate between the Gibral-

tar forms and the type. I, therefore, propose

to classify the forms of P. Valenciennii as
follows :

Parmace‘la Valencienniz, W. and Van B., a.
typica.—Keddish brown without markings.
This appears to be identical with P. A/ogaznz,
Bourg. (Palad.)

P. Valencienntt, 6. punctulata. — Reddish-
brown, mantle with small black spots. This
is Hidalgo’s form, of which he gives an ac-
curate colored figure.

P. Valencienniti, c. maculata.—Gyround color,
inclining more to orange ; mantle, with black
spots and two black stripes converging to-
ward its posterior end, Gibraltar and Van-
gier, | liuhis'is) the 227. Valenctennii, Crosse,
and the P. calyculata, WKobelt. I have
shown (‘ Journ. Conch.”’) that Sowerby’s 2.
calyculata differs from this in the character
of the shell.

P. Valenciennii ad. olivacea,—Similar to var.
maculata, but ground color dark olive, rather
lighter and somewhat mottled in young indi-
viduals. Gibraltar and Tangier.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE:

Siv:—Thinking it might be of interest to the
readers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, I
give you herewith the results of one hour and
fifteen minutes’ collecting at a point on the
coast of San Luis, Obispo County, six miles
from Morro.

Stenoradsia Magdalensis, Rve., 42 specimens
Lschnochiton Coopert, Cpr., 17 ce
Tonicella lineata, \Nood, I

Mopatlia lignosa, Gld., I 66
Crepidula navacelloides, Nutt., 23 “
Crepidula adunca, Sby., 28. aE
Fissurella volcano, Rve , I c

flaliotis rufescens, Swains, (young)2 “
Chlorostoma brunneum, Phil., numerous“
Chlorostoma funehrale, Adams, numerous‘

Amphissa corrugata, Rve, 6 specimens
Drillia mesta, Cpr., 2 fe

* Scalarta Hindst?, Cpr., 2 es
Leptonyx bacula, Cpr., 2 oh

Octnebra lurida, Midd., 2 specimens
3 inter fossa, Cpr., 4 ee
Bt circumtexta, Strns., 72 6c
“e 6 (73
Calhostoma costatum, Matt., 3
Acmea asm, Midd., I ot
They were all live specimens. I could have +

filled a bushel measure with C. /frae-
brale and C. brunneum. I collected C. brun-
neum for the Crepidula adunca on them and
for their large size I almost invariably find
Crepidula adunca on Chlorostoma brunneum,
and Acme@a asmi on Chlorostoma funebrale. 1
carried the go Chitons home in the gallon
milk can (mentioned in a former letter) and
_ only threw away /wo that curled up and could

not be straightened.

G. W. MICHAEL, JR.
Morro, Cal., Oct. 23, 1887.

Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE :
8]

Strs

tainly not Muller’s 2b7licatus,

I therefore propose to call P. wmbrlicatus,

Taylor (non Mull.) which is allied to 2.

parvus, Say., by the name Planorbis umbilica-
tellus.

T. D. A. COCKERELL.
West Cliff, Col., Oct. 27, 1887.

STRIA.

Herr Palisa, of Vienna, discovered a new

planet, September 21st. It is Asteroid, No.

2690.

G. W. Drum, of San Francisco, a collector

74 years of age, has just returned from New

Mr. J. W. Taylor has described and
figured (‘Journal of Conchology,” 1885, p.351)
a new species of /Planorbis from Manitoba,
which he proposed to call P. zbilicdtus, Vay-
lor, The name has, however, been long pre-
occupied by Muller fora European species,
which Jeffreys, and not English authors, have
erroneously called P. complanatus, Lainn.,
Linne’s complanatus being more probably the
species in England known as zzz¢2dus, and cer-

THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

Mexico and Western Texas with 3000 speci-
mens of insects, collected after many miraculous |
escapes from the Apaches,

“Granny,” the sixty year old sea anemone of |
the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, has just died.
It was collected in 1828 by Sir John Dalzell,
at St. Abbs Head, on the Berwick Coast.

An expedition under the auspices of the
Smithsonian Institution, and under the charge
of Professor Frank Cushman, has been very
successful in the Salt River Valley, in Southern
Arizona. ‘The remains of an ancient city were |
found, and it was clearly proven that the
former inhabitants were equal in intelligence to
the Aztecs.

Dr. Schliemann has willed all his archzeo-
logical collections to the Berlin Ethnological
Museum.

Philip Hoffman, a German clergyman and
naturalist, claims in his autobiography in Strie-
der’s Gehehrten-Lexicon, that he discovered the
art of photography in 1833, six years before
Daguerre.

Professor O. H. Drake, of the Maine Central
Institute, has been offered the chair of Greek
in Hillsdale College, Mich.

Professor Julius Wilhelm Ewald, the noted

German mineralogist, recently celebrated at
Berlin the 50th anniversary of his doctorate.

Miss Helen A. Shafer, a graduate of Oberlin, |
(where she obtained the Master’s Degree), has
been selected as President of Wellesley College.

It is said that the largest and most powerful |
electric light in the world is possessed by the |
light-house at Sydney, Australia. It is of 180,-
000 candle power, and may be seen for 50
miles.

A Mr. Coplen, of Latah, Washington Terri-
tory, has lately discovered, at a spring near that
place, the pre-historic remains of no Jess than
nine elephants, a cave bear, hyenas, extinct
birds and a sea turtle.

The Clavtonia caroliniana has been found
in the West at an altitude of 6000 feet, in full |
bloom, and not more than an inch high.

The Baylor Universjty of Waco, Texas, has
just opened its elegant new building.

| Cal.

| but not on any other island of the group.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

REPORTS, CATALOGUES, &C. Catalogue and
Circular of the California State Normal School,
San José. Report of the Department of Na-
tural History of the North-Western University,

| from Oliver Marcy, LL. D., Curator of the

Museum. West Coast Pulmonata, Fossil and
Living, By J. G. Cooper, M D.

THE CoLLector, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Edu-
cational Review, St. John, N. B. The Youth’s
Leisure Hour, Boonville, N. Y. The Agent’s
World, Passumpsic, Vt. The Yankee Trader,
Marietta, Ohio. Southern Californian, Lugonia,
The Ottawa Globe, Ottawa. Ill.

VALVES.

The shells from the Paumotu Isles in the

Pacific are noted for their dwarfed size.

Mr. C. F. Ancey, of Berronaghia, Algeria,
has lately been honored again by having a for-
eign C7220 named after him.

Mr. Theo. D. A. Cockerell, of West Cliff,
Col., found several species apparently new to
Colorado, belonging to the genera, Pis¢dizvz,

| Spherium, Ancylus, Pupa and Hyalina.
’ y ? ~

The Editor of THE CoNncHoLoecists’ Ex-
CHANGE has been honored by Professor Berlin
H. Wright, who lately named a Unio found by
him in Lake Ashby, Florida, Unto Averellit.

Various species of Ostrea, Perna and Melea-

grvina were found on pumice stone at sea,

near Mauritius in 1886, and it is supposed that
the floating debris was the result of the erup-
tion of Krakatoa, which occurred in 1883.

Mr. Andrew Garrett, the noted Polynesian

| Conchologist, found A/elania Mauiensis, Lea,

(habitat of type, Sandwich Islands), at Tahiti,
He
also obtained it at Guam and in the Philip-
pines, and received it from the New Hebrides,
and regards it as probably identical with 17.

granifera and scopulus.

CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

Ohe Conchatogists’ Eechange.

A Publication designed for Conchologists and |
Scientists generally.

SO UE D MON Ply

WM. D. AVERELL.

Epvitor AND Pus isHer

tas Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must. be received by the
tenth of each month.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.
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ADVERTISING RATES.

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second- class'z matter,

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME
DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF
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; Editorial Slotes.

Il ARE NOW
SUBSCRIPTION SEE

We hail the advent of Volapuk from voda of
the world; and /zz, language, the new scien-
tific international language. By means of this
most useful medium we may, in the future, |
talk or write to our brothers in science of |
any nationality without fear of the confusion |
born at Babel. We quote from 7he Educational |

eview of Saint John, N. B.: “It is formed
on the general model of the Aryan family of
languages. Its material is largely taken from
the English, but itsstructure, noun-declension
and verb-conjugation is rather un-English, as |
are two or three of its vowels. It is far easier |

learn than any existing language, and has |

already made rapid progress in twenty or thirty
European or Asiatic languages. The text-book

‘Seret’s Grammar with Vocabulary of Vola-
puk,’ 420 pages, published in Glasgow, by
Thomas Murray & Son, and in London, by
Whittaker & Co, At a Congress of Volapuk
scholars in Munich this year, a Volapuk Acade-
my was formed. The next meeting of the Con-
gress is in Paris, 1889.”

Two new and valued contributors have
been added to our list since last issue, and we
trust the articles by Mr, Berlfm H. Wright, of
Lake Helen, Florida, and Mr. Theo. D. A.
Cockerell, of West Cliff, Colorado, will meet
with the approval which the painstaking labors
of the writers in the field of Conchology so
richly deserve

AN absurd error crept into the article “On a
New Floridian Natica,” by Mr. Charles T.
Simpson, in our last number. The types gave
the size of the shell, Vatica Lordiana, Simpson,
as “length, 40 inches, diameter, 30 inches,”
whereas, the dimensions should be /ezgth, .4o
inches, diameter, .30 inches. The shell was
named in honor of Mr. John Ford, of Philada.

WE make a special request of our young
readers to forward us any original matter upon
Conchology for inspection previous to insertion
in our “ Young Collectors’ Corner,” which they
must look upon as open to all young readers.
Cultivate the habit of describing shells as voz
find them, and, take our word for it, it is not
at all impossible that you may find the solution
to many knotty problems which have puzzled
older heads.

WHEN we send you a sample copy of THE
CONCHOLOGISTS’. EXCHANGE, we help you to
subscribe by meeting you half way. The rest
is an easy business transaction, and consists in
forwarding 50 cents for the certainty of an early
and sure profit.

Movements of Foreign Mail Steamers.—
Australia and New Zealand, Str. Alameda, San
Francisco, 12 M., Dec. 15th. China and Ja-
pan, Str. City of Para, San Francisco, 12 M.,
Dec. roth.

We propose to continue and extend this in-
formation in future issues for the benefit of our
readers having foreign correspondence.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS

EXCHANGE. 71

Young Collectors’ Corner.

Some Remarks on the Migration of
Mollusks.

BY JOHN FORD.

Philadelphia, Nov., 1887.

It is hoped that the students who have vis-
ited this corner for the purpose of collecting
something worth ‘retaining; have also found
much that is interesting and instructive in Mr.
Simpson’s article on the “ Distribution of Land
and Fresh Water Shells in the Tropics,’’ which
appeared in the last two numbers of THE Con-
CHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. ‘The theories ad-
vanced in this article are certainly among the
best that have been offered on the subject.

That many species have been transported by
natural means across deep and wide seas is a
fact that is generally acknowledged, but of the
vehicles of their distribution in the remote eras
alluded to, scarcely anything is positively
known.

There seems little doubt. however, as Mr.
Simpson suggests, of the uprooting of vast for-
ests in the latter part of the Tertiary period,
when plutonic forces were rending the earth
almost continuously, and of their being driven
by strong water-currents or mighty tempests far
from their native regions. It is well known that
such changes are of frequent occurrence even
now, when the earth, comparatively speaking, is
resting from her labors.

Thus it is easy to comprehend the tearing up
and sweeping away, during the period of seis-
mic disturbances referred to, of myriads of
sturdy trees, among the boughs and roots of
which numerous species of mollusks made their
homes, —

One may therefore readily believe that num-
bers of these “Giants of the primeval forests”
were often massed together, with their extremi-
ties so interlaced as to leave some of each en-
tirely unsubmerged during the period of drift;
and that on many occasions both land and fresh
water Shells were safely ferried from continent
to continent, as well as from island to island.

In such an event, too, the journey could be

accomplished without much discomfort to the
passengers, as certain fresh water species will
live for months without food or drink, while
many species of helix will endure the same
apparent hardships for years, as I have good
reason to know, having on one occasion found
a number of Syrian species alive and active
when taken from the box-prison in which they
had been packed with dry sand, on the Arabian
desert, quite two and a-half years before. In
each case the usual air-tight curtain had been
stretched across the aperture of the shell, but a
drop or two of water quickly dissolved this, and
a few minutes later the animal awoke from its
deathlike sleep as fat and vigorous as though
only a night had passed since its incarceration.

In recent times the advent,of species on
shores foreign to their habitat is more easily
explained, For instance:. a fine specimen of
Litiopa striata, Rang, a species peculiar to the
Coast of Florida, was found a short time ago
on a Rhode Island beach by Mr. H. F. Car-
penter, of Providence.

That it was carried north by the Gulf stream
and stranded by a fayorable wind there can be
no doubt, as Mr. Tryon states in his work on
“Structural and Systematic Conchology,” that
“they occasionally suspend themselves from
the stems of floating sea-weed,” a condition
exceedingly favorable to transportation in the
way indicated.

Mr, Carpenter also secured, about the same
time, a magnificent helix which had been found
some days before in a grove a few miles from
Providence. The shell was an inch or more
in diameter, and of dark brown color, the ani-
mal being intensely black and shining, and
crowned with a pair of “horns” fully an inch
in length. Being unlike anything native to
Rhode Island, and unknown to him, Mr. Car-
perter at once forwarded it to the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences for comparison.
Here it Was readily identified as Helix alauda,
Fer., although larger, finer and blacker than
any of the thirty or more spécimens in the col-
lection, all of which had been captured in the
Island of Cuba, where the species strictly be-
longs.

It follows then, that this specimen must have
reached Rhode Island through human agency,
the most likely vehicle being a bunch of ba-

a |
No

THE - CONCHOLOGISTY’ - EXCHANGE.

nanas, the kind of food which it at present
prefers to any other. Dead shells of the same
species have been found among bananas in
Boston on one or two occasions, but they were
all much inferior to the Providence specimen;
a fact which seems to show that life in a New
England grove is as beneficial to tropical land
species as Northern waters are to those trans-
ported from Southern Seas.
Other well known - species
North in various ways,
feet and among the feathers of migratory water
birds. But the larger portion, perhaps, are
associated with the young oysters annually
taken from the Chesapeake and adjacent points,
for transplanting in the colder waters of New
York and New England. Among these, 47ca
pexata, Littorina trrorata and Mytilus hamatis
are the most-abundant. These also attain a
a larger growth and greater perfection of form
than their kindred have ever reached in the
habitat which originally claimed them all; a

are carried

many of them on the }

result that seems “passing strange’? when we

remember that boreal species, as a rule, deteri-
orate the more, the further South they come.

exchanges.

Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be
cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20
words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi-
tional 10 words the charge will be 6 cents. No ex-
change will be inserted for less than 10 cents.

Offered.—Nuttalliana scabra; Stenoradsia Magda. |

lensis; Jschnochiton Cooperi; Tonicella lineata;
Mopalia Hindsii; Crepidula rugosa, navacelloides,
adunea; Amphissa corrugata; Ocinebracircumtexta.
G. W. MICHAEL, JRr., Morro, Cal.

Offered —Land and fresh-water shells for same |

EDW. D. KEITH, Moore St., Providence, R. I.

Offered.—Botanical specimens for shells if in good
condition. No dead shells wanted. T. G. BRINTON,
755 Corinthian Ave , Philadelphia, Pa.

ern jand and fresh-water shells List sent on appli-
eation. Also, good general curiosities in exchange
for land shells. THOS. E. ADDY, 54 N. Franklin
St., Janesville, Wis.

Offered.Unio Anodontoides, Lea; Helix Berlan-
dieriana, Mor., Texasiana, Mor., thyroides, Say, lep-

| orina, Gould; and other Texan shells for offers in

Shells. W.W.WESTGATE, Houston, Texas.

Wanted.—Correspondents interested in the study

, of the Mollusca of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Ari-
| zona, New Mexico, Kansas, Indian Territory and

Nebraska.

THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, West Cliff,
Col.

Offered.—_Knorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby :
Thesaurus, Monograph Veneridee. Wanted.—Vol-
umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other
conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon,
near Rotterdam, Holland.

Five specimens of the fossil Leda truneata from
the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for
offers. CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science; Alma,
Mich.

" Wanted.—North American ‘Land ‘Shells and Ter-
tiary Fossils for recent Shells. D. W. FERGUSON,
138 Wilson St., Brooklyn, (E. D.) N. Y.

$1.00.
OFFER NO. 8.

10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice
Shells

Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00.

126. Cerithidea decollata, L., Eastern Africa.
*127. Nassa Cooperi, Fbs., Monterey, Cal.
*128 Fluminicola Nuttalliana, Lea, Oregon.
*129. Cyclostoma sulcatum, Drap (var.), Sciac-

ca, Sicily.

130. Limnophysa bulimoides, Lea, Cala.

131. Registoma grande, Gray, Zebu, Philip-

pines.

132. Paludina zonata, Hanley, Mauritius.
*133. Lithasia armigera, Say, Nashville, Tenn.
*1 34. Pomatias Strobeli, Pini, Veneto, Italy;

and
135. Trochonanina percarinata, v
Lake Nyassa, Africa.

Martens,

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

* These will overrun in number.
bers date from Offer No. 1.

The num-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

“I
Yo

STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY.

SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.
CONOHOLOGY.
Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND
SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN-
UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for

Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
Circulars sent on application.

Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERLIA, 49 pages,
10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris,
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatlcy’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid.

| Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni-

SpreciaL Notice :—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s |

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMa TIC CONCHOL-
OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA?
with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates?
441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880. edition:
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The
latest work on California and other West Coast
Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement.

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma-
tidze. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO.
W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,
postpaid.

List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Order Pholadacea
and other Papers. By GEO.W.TRYON, Jr.
Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Complete Writings on Recent and Fos-
sil Conchelogy of C. &. Rafinesque
Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY-
ON, JR. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid.

Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri-
ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY
1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol-

ogy from the vext of Milne-Edwardsand Achille- |

Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30

cents pp.

Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post-
paid.

Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States, with illustrations ot
all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine
edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored
and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi-
tion, $8.50.

| Random Notes on

valve Mollusea of the United States.
By 8. S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation
to 1871. by GEO. W. TRYON, JR.; 2 vols., with many
colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40;
with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18.

American Journal of Conchology, 1865-
ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by
150 plates, many colored, besides about’ a thousand
wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for
7 vols., new, complete, $25.

Mollusea of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN-
NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ;
134 figs.; 406 ills; 8vo. New, unused. Price, post-
paid, $15.

Baldwin, D. D. Land Shells of the Hawaiian
Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Natural History.
This journal), now out of print, is rapidly becoming
searce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very
instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusca of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices:

al
MolsE completion... ai sures os oe olun
MolsmiminusiNes. lands 2). 3 45) 2! '00
Vol. Il, complete, 1 00

Vol, III, complete,

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Science and Art.
Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

| Description of the Inferior Maxillary.

Bones of Mastodons, €&e. 10 plates, 25
pp. By Isaae Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 ets.

Agassiz. Methods of Study in Natural History,
327 pp, il s., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15.

The Conchologists’ Exchange
CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S, A.

74 THE -CONCHOLOGISTS’ = EXCHANGE:

lal WILLIAMS,
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER,

4475 MAIN STREET,
(Below Mehl.)

Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Large stock of
WATCHES, JEWRY:
SILVERWARE, OPTICAL GOODS, &c.
Lverything guarantecd as represented.

Orders by Mail Solicited.

CLASS TUBES AND BOTTLES

For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied

at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates,

° Address

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa

OFFERED.

Numerous species of land and fresh-water shells
in exchange for mollusks from the United States
and foreign countries. Collectors will please send
lists and receive mine in return.

ROBERT FETSCHIN, Patschkau, Germany.

. Fossil F'erns.

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns
from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., IIl., properly
named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for
choice Marine Shells.

J. G.OARR:

Grundy County National Bank,
Morris, Hl.

‘CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,

HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES
OE (SA Ten.

Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex-

change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted
for De Land University.

BERLIN H. WRIGHT,

LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA.

- JAMES SPENCER
SALISBURY PLACE,

_ AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND,
AGENT

FOR
Specimens of British Natural History Objects,
and Scientific Books in all branches.

Specialty —Micro-preparations of Coal Plants

of Halifax and Oldham. Prices reasonable.

The West American Scientist.

This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new

volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of
POPULAR SCIENCE.
A feature consists of articles on topography and
natural history of Upper and Lower California. .
Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00
per year, 10 cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4
months’ trial subseription. Agents wanted.
C. R. ORCUTT, Epitor,

San Diego, Cal.

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE is Agent for the

stamps of which the illustra-
tion is a copy. 120 stamps for
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Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb.

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CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1887.

No. 6.

a Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists
eee ty. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XLII.

Genus Periploma, Schum., 1817.

Couthouy, in 1839, proposed the names of
Cochlodesma for this genus in Journ. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist, ii., p.170. Gray, in the ‘‘ Annals
of Science,” admits the genus, and it has been
used by Gould, De Kay, Mighels, Chenu., Bin-
ney, and by Dall as late as 1870, but I follow
Conrad’s “Catalogue of the Anatinidee” by
giving Schumacker’s name priority, having
been proposed and used twenty-two years pre-
vious to Cochlodesma. ‘There are twelve spe-
cies, one of which inhabits New England.

.
155.—FPeriploma Leana, Con., 1831.

Syns :

Anatina Leana, Conrad. Cochlodesma Le-
ana, various authors. Cochlodesma Leanum,
Stimpson. Periploma Leana, Con., Tryon, &c.

Shell thin, sub-oval, inequivalve slightly gaping
white, with a thin yellowish epidermis; hinge, a
spoon-shaped process, resting on arib and receiv-
ing the cartilage; right valve convex, truncate at
the posterior end; left valve nearly flat and round-
ed at both ends; interior chalky white, except
at the muscular and pallial impressions, where it
is superficially pearly. Length 12, breadth .%,.
height I inch. Abundant on Cape Cod and
Nantucket. Inhabits from North Carolina to
the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Probably inhabits
the ocean shore of R, I., but has not yet been
found in Narragansett Bay.

Genus Lyonsia, Turton, 1822.

There are eighteen species of this genus dis-
tributed world-wide, of which one inhabits the
coast of New England,

156.—Lyonsia hyalina, Conrad.
Syns:

Mya hyalina, Con. Osteodesma hyalina,
Couth,, Gld., Delay, Migh. Lyonsia hyalina,
Con , Stimp., Tryon, Perkins, Dall.

Shell elongated, sub-ovate, thin, very fragile,
translucent, pearly, inequipartite, the posterior
end lengthened, narrowed and compressed at
the extremity, but truncated a little at the tip,
and gaping; epidermis wrinkled in radiating
lines from the beak, each line microscopically
fringed with short hairs, which entangle grains
of sand; when these shells are found, as they
sometimes are, completely covered with sand,
the only way to remove it is to gently agitate
them in water, as they are too delicate to be
cleaned by the brush, like most shells. They
are found in quiet bays where they are not ex-
posed to the wind and waves, just below low
water mark in sand. Length 7%, height 7%,
breadth 33, of an inch Inhabits from Florida
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In April, 1836,
the beach at Chelsea was covered with thou-
sands of very large and mature ones, since which
time only occasional specimens have been
found. I found on one occasion quite a num-
ber of specimens near Nayatt, where I have
examined the shores many times before and
since without seeing one, and at another time
I found several large ones at Buttonwoods, but
on visiting the same place a week or two after,
not a trace of one could be seen.

78 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS, - EXCHANGE:

Genus Anatina, Lam , 1809.

The Lantern shells, as these are called, in-
habit the sand near low water. ‘There are fifty
fossil species and thirty-seven living, one of
which inhabits our coast.

157.—Anatina papyracea, Say.

Shell thin, white and pearly, inequipartite,
the posterior end narrowed and truncated, gap-
ing; right valve more convex than the left ;
beaks placed at the posterior third, not very
prominent; surface wrinkled with faint lines of
growth and covered with a very thin yellowish
white epidermis; an elevated ridge runs from
the beaks to the lower posterior margin; inte-
rior pearly; tooth very oblique, long and nar-
row, supported by a short, sharp, elevated rib,
Length 43, height 1%, breadth 4% inch. Say
described this species in the Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila., ii. 314, 1822. Col. Joseph G. Tot-
ten dredged specimens of Anatina in Newport
Harbor, which he described in Silliman’s
Journal, xxviil, 347. He proposed the name
of fragilis in case his specimens were not iden-
tical with Say’s fapyvatia, as it was first called.
It has since been found on all parts of the coast
from New Jersey to Labrador, by dredging in
a few fathoms of water in both sand and mud,
and is also taken from the stomachs of fishes.

FAMILY MACTRIDE,

A large family containing about two hundred
species. The shells are somewhat triangular,
with an internal cartilage; they are thin and
often highly colored. Their habitat is in sand,
and they have atongue-shaped foot, which they
use both for burrowing and for leaping.

Genus Mactra, Linn., 1767.

This genus is divided into several sub-genera
S 8

by authors, with more or less reason, and con-
tains 150 species, Some species are used for
food, and in some places are collected to feed
pigs. Only two species inhabits Rhode Island.

158.—Mactra (Hemimactra) solidissima, Chem.
Syns:

Mactra solidissima, Chem,, Dill., Wood.,
Con., De Kay, Stimp. Mactra gigantea, Lam.,

|
*!

Desh., Migh., Chenu. Mactra similis, Say.
Mactra ponderosa, Phillips. Spirula solidissima,
Dall. Hemimactra solidissima, Con,, Tryon,
Perkins.

Shell large, strong and solid, transversely
oval, sub-equipartite, the anterior a little the
shortest; surface covered with a dirty brownish
or straw colored epidermis; beaks large* and
prominent; hinge strong, the V-shaped tooth
delicate and adhering by a very small base, so
that it is usually detached in opening the valves ;
lateral teeth long, thin and striated; this pecu-
liarity is noticed in specimens of all sizes, from
the youngest to the mature shells. Length 4
to 7, height 3%, breadth 2 inches. . Inhabits
from Florida to Labrador. Extremely abund-
ant on the outer shores of Long Island. It is
not found in our bay, but is washed up on the
sandy beaches at Newport and Narragansett
Pier, The Indians formerly used the valves to
hoe their corn with. It is sometimes called
the giant, hen, teach and dipper clam. After
a severe southerly storm, live specimens are
washed up on the ocean shore at Newport, but
to obtain them at other times, we must wait for

| a very low tide, and then wade out as far as

possible, and by feeling in the sand with the
toes, we can loosen them and then dive for them.

Another species, the ovals of Gould, is found
abundantly on the shores north of Cape Cod,
but not to the south of it; they resemble so/-
dissima very much, but are distinguished from
it by the lateral teeth, which are smooth and
destitute of strize ; there are several other minor

| differences, the most prominent of which is the

V tooth; this is stout in ovalis and delicate in

solidissima.
.

159.—Mactra (Mulinia) lateralis, Say.
Syns:

Mactra lateralis, Say, Con., De Kay, &c.
Mactra rostrata, Philippi. Mactra corbuloides,
Desh. Mulinia lateralis, Con., Perkins, Dall, &c.

Shell small, tumid, triangular, smooth, very
convex, nearly equipartite, the posterior end
prolonged into a snout in adult specimens, more
rounded in young ones; beaks elevated, pointed,
not touching, inclined forward, hinge strong,
V tooth stout, and on each side of it, in the left

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

valve, is a strong lateral tooth, fitting into a
deep pit in the right valve; surface covered
with faint lines of growth; color white under a
thin dirty brown epidermis; interior clear white,
glossy. Length ¥% inch, height 54, breadth ,.

Described by Say in the Journ, Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila, ii. 309,1822. Inhabits from Maine
to Florida, and along the northern shores of
the Gulf of Mexico to Texas. This is an ex-
traordinary range for any species of mollusca,
not more so in point of miles, perhaps, than
others which inhabit both sides of the Atlantic
Ocean through the Polar regions, but in the
extremes of climate, from our colder shores to
the almost tropical waters of the Gulf. It is
quite abundant in R. I., found on our sandy
beaches, and also dredged in a few fathoms of
water,

To be Continued.
DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICAN
SHELLS.

BY iC) be “ANCE.

6.—Helix commutanda, Anc.

This name I propose for Triodopsis Harford-
iana, W. G. Binney (not Helix (Doedalochila)
Harfordiana, Cooper). The names of Polygyra,
Deedalochila, Triodopsis, ete., as shown by W.
H. Dall, are merely sectional and zo0¢ generic,
hence it becomes necessary to change Binney’s
name, as Iam confident the two Harfordiana be-
long to the same group.

7 —Helix (Polygyra) unguifera, Mouss.

H. unguifera, Mouss. in Journ. de Conch.,
1883, p. 216, fig.

This shell, found in the vicinity of Mazatlan
(Cinaloa), Mexico, by Mr. Forrer, appears to
be the same as 4, acutedentata, \V. G. Bin-
ney (Proc, Ac. Nat. Sc., Phil., 1857, p. 83)
said to have been found at Mazatlan and Guay-
mas; at least it may only be a smaller variety

distinguished from the type by its smaller size,

= =

5% instead of 6 whorls and in having the hook
on the superior tooth and not on the inferior
(as stated, perhaps erroneously, by Binney).

$.—Helicina Durangoana, Mouss.
Anc. p. 218, 1883.

This is perhaps the same shell as the one
found by Mr. Xantus in the Sierra Madre (fig.
in Binney’s Land and Freshwater Shells of
North America). As Mr. Mousson’s diagno-
sis is incomplete in regard to the peculiar sculp-
ture and operculum of this species, I give the
following description from authentic specimens
in my collection:

Testa imperforata, depresso-conica, subnitida,
glabrata, solidula, luteo-albida aut candida,
scepe ad summum luteo tincta; Apertura intus
pallida, pariter luteola. Spira late conoidalis,
apice subobtusa; anfractus, 6; lineis exilibus
subverticalibus undulatisque, confertim vixque
perspicue (ad apicem evanescentibus) sub lente
sculpti; proeterea obsoletis nonnullis remotisque
spiralibus lineolis exorati; subconvexi, regulari-
ter et sat rapide crescentes, ultimus in medio
obscure rotundeque angulosus, infra convexus.
Apertura semirotunda, externe obtuse angulata,
basi ad columellam angulatim unituber-
culata. Peristoma incranatulum, tenuiter
expanso-reflexum. Callum columellare de-
pressum, nitidum. Operculum — rubellum
semitestaceum.

Diam.: 9% mill.
9.—Liogyrus Lehnerti, Anc.

Testa subconoidea rimata, solidiuscula, sub-
virenti-hyalina, vel cornea, sinistrorsa, nitida,
sub lente striatula, glabra spira apice valde ob-
tusa ; anfractus 4, rapide, sat regulariter tamen
crescentes, tumidi, rotundati, sutura profunda ;
primo depresso, penultimo turgidulo; ultimo
ad peripheriam inflato, dimidium testoe fere
adcequante, subtus convexo, ad aperturam
haud solutam regulariter descendente. Aper-
tura fere recta, subcircularis-oblonga, superne
et inferne obscure angulata, marginibus contin-
Wis."

Long.: 3%4, lat.: 3% mill,

’

86 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

A Liogyro pupoideo, Gould, forma latiore,
apertura haud soluta, umbilico majore, ultimo
anpactu tumidiore et preecipue testa sinistrorsa
discrepat.

Several specimens of this very curious sinis-
trorse shell were found in the Potomac, near
Washington, D, C., by Mr. E. Lehnert, after
whom I name it. Gould’s species was also
found in the same station. :

The New Caledonia shell, described as a
Cyclostomoid (!) shell by Mr. Crosse, under
the name of Heterocyclus Perroquini, 1s some-
what allied to Valvata pupoidea, and the iden-
tity of Heterocyclus and Liogyrus has been
proposed, still it differs in having the labrum
effuse and somewhat thickened (sometimes re-
flected, as in another species which seems to
have the same generic characters as Perroquini,
although the aperture is not solute,—Valvata
Petiti, Crosse). The author should have per-
ceived the resemblance between the two shells.
when describing Heterocyclus as a land shell !!

ro.—Bithynia tentaculata, Lin.

This European shell was sent to me several
years since by Dr.W. Newcomb ; the specimens
were collected at West Troy, and others have
been found at Oswego, N. Y. ‘The presence
of this well known species in the waters of N.
America is doubtless the result of a recent im-
portation.

The surface of the specimens is much eroded.

11.—Polygyrella polygyrella, Bland & Cooper.

Helix polygyrella Bland & Cooper in Am.
Naye., IN. Ye, evil, pe 305) pl. avenge. 13-15
Binney (W. G.), in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
1886, p. 36, pl. vi. fig. 12-14.

I have in my collection a variety (which
may be called A/ontanensis) of that species,
distinguished from the type in having a longer
and more developed parietal tooth, more tri-
angular aperture, the basal margin of it being
more thickened and horizontal, and also the
ribs of the upper surface more distant and
coarser. It has been figured by W. G. Binney,
in the last said work, from a specimen col-
lected by Mr. Hemphill in Deer Lodge Valley,
Montana Territory.

12.—Pupa corpulenta, Morse.

Var, parietalis, var. nov.

Testa dentibus duobus in pariete instructa.
Ogden Canyon, Utah.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

FAMILY VALVATID.
Genus Valvata, Muller.

75,.—Valvata tricarinata, Say.

Shell orbicular, tricarinate, light horn color,
with three whorls or volutions, three revolving
carinate prominent lines giving the shell a
quadrate appearance. Spire convex, apex ob-
tuse, umbilicus large, carinze placed—one on
the upper edge of the whorl, one on the lower
edge, and the third on the base beneath.

This species is found rather abundantly from
May to September, in all the small lakes of the
Bay Island, and sometimes in our river sloughs,
and seems to avoid swift running water. I find
it usually associated with Somatogyrus subglobo-
sus, Amnicola porata, Bythinella obtusa and
Valvata bicarinata,

76.—Valvata bicarinata, Lea,

Shell orbicular, flattened above, bicarinate,
thick, very light horn color, widely umbilicate,
sutures impressed, spire depressed, whorls 3%
to 4, convex; aperture rounded. ~

This shell is found here in the same localities
as ¢ricarinata, and is often associated with it.
It seems to be quite variable, in many respects
resembling ¢vicavinata, but differs in being of
a lighter color, wider umbilicus, very much
larger in size, and, generally, the spire is much
more depressed.

Some specimens have a slight third carina.
Mr. Lea says that the animal differs from that
of ¢ricarinata.

THEE CONCHOLOGISTS? <

EXCHANGE SI

FAMILY STREPOMATID.
Genus Pleurocera, Rafinesque.
77.— Pleurocera subulare, Lea.

Mr. Lea’s description of this species is as
follows :

Shell elevated and acutely turrited, horn col-
ored; apex acute; whorls about 12, flat, cari-
nate on the middle of the body-whorl; base
angulated; aperture white and one-fourth the
length of the shell.

This remarkably fine shell, as found here, is
so variable that in some respects it would be
extremely difficult to reconcile it with Mr. Lea’s
descriptions and observations. It varies greatly
in the number of its whorls, ranging from 10
to I2 in number. Some specimens are of a
very dark horn color, others very light; some
have a very dark purple epidermis with purple
columella. Some forms are striate, others
smooth, and while many are very finely banded,
others are devoid of bands. It also varies in
the number of carinze on the body-whorl, which
usually range from five to seyen In many,
the whorls are very flat, while in others they
are quite convex, and some specimens have
from one to three revolving striz. Again,some
individuals are rugosely striate on all the su-
perior whorls. "The Family Strepomatidze is
represented in North America by eight sub-
genera, with several hundred so- Pealled species,
but it is a singular fact that Mercer Co., Illinois,
has but one species of this very numerous
family. Our Pleurocera subulare is usually a
very abundant shell here, being found in all
our sloughs, lakes, creeks and rivers. The
small lakes of the Bay Island are full of this
species, and in July and August vast numbers
of them may be found along the margin of the
river, clinging to drift-wood, where they have
- been carried by a sudden rise in the waters
from the different lakes in the Bay. I have
specimens of this shell from Northern Minne-
sota, collected in or near the Mississippi River,
and from different stations along the river as
far south as St. Louis, Mo.

FAMILY RISSOIDA.

The Family Rissoidze seems to be represent-
ed in this country by four sub-genera or genera,
viz: Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon ; Somatogy-

rus, Gill; Amnicola, Gould and Haldeman;
and Pomatiopsis, Tryon, embracing eight spe-
cies in all.

Genus Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon.

78.—Lythinella obtusa, Lea.

This shell, as found here, is sub-cylindrical,
rather thin, very light horn color, translucent,
smooth, slightly perforate; spire short; sutures
impressed; whorls four, always truncate, con-
vex, aperture nearly round.

It is by no means a common species. I find
it sparingly at times of very low water in the
channels of the river sloughs from June to
September. In localities where found at all it
is usually quite abundant. Of several hundred
specimens taken in the channel of Upper Cowan
Slough in 1880, every specimen was truncate,
only the four whorls remaining. It is usually
found associated with Azicola, Somatogyrus
and Lioplax subcarinata. The cause of its
truncated apex is unknown to me as the shells
of other species taken with it have perfect
spires.

( Zo be continued.)

NECROLOGY.

Professor Ferdinand WVanderveer
the distinguished geologist, died at his resi-
dence, 1805 Arch St., Philadelphia, December
21st, 1887, aged 58 years. He was a native of
Westfield, Mass., and made his first explora-
tion in 1853 for Professor James*Hall, of New
York, in the “ Bad Lands” of Dakota, in which
region, and in adjacent States and ‘Territories,
he spent more than twenty years. ‘The de-
ceased filled the chair of Geology and Miner-
alogy in the University of Pennsylvania from
1365 to 1872, and had charge of the U.S.
Geological Survey of the Territories from 1867
until 1873

Hayden,

George W. Puterbaugh, Conchologist, of
Elkhart, Ind., diéd of heart disease, November
29th, 1887, after nearly one year’s illness.

Andrew Garrett, Conchologist, ee at Hua-
hine, Society Islands, Noy ember 1887, aged
65 years.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS? EXCHANGE:

Ghe Canchalagists’ Lechange,

A Publication designed for Conchologists and
Oo 3 fo}
Scientists generally.

ESS! U ED NEO UNS EE:

WM. D. AVERELL,

Epvitor ano Pus .isHEerR

#@- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, |
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.

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Editorial dlotes.

SINCE our last issue we have received word
through Professor George W. Tryon, Jr., of the
sad death of Mr. Andrew Garrett, at Huahine,
Society Islands, a more detailed account of
whose useful life and labors we will print in the
January number. As a child, Mr. Garrett gave
decided evidences of his self-reliant character
and thirst for scientific knowledge, for we read
that he took a journey alone of a hundred
miles or more to visit a museum, at the age of
eight years. ‘This trait of character induced
him later on to leave home for Polynesia, where
he has since resided a close student of Nature,
preferring Conchology to other branches of

| friends and correspondents.

study, and making that his life-work. That
his work has been well done is attested by his
numerous writings, his large collections, and
the unsolicited testimony of his neighbors and
correspondents. Mr. Garrett was an unassuming
man, learned in his own right and by the power
of his will, and he has left an heritage to our
youth, that of self-reliance, by which they may
also lead lives of usefulness and honor.

WE will not be able to print in this number
a continuation of the article, ‘‘ Notes upon the
Unionidz of Southern Florida, by Dr. S. Hart
Wright and Mr. Berlin H. Wright, owing to
the non-receipt of copy, but we hope to do this
in next issue.

A FEW of our young readers have sent us
communications of conchological interest, but
our limited space will not permit us to print
long dissertations on the discoveries of others,
for such is what several of them are. What
we want is ovzg7za/ matter—discoveries, éx-
periments, and narratives of what the writers
themselves have experienced. Much trouble
and correspondence may be saved by our young
friends if they will follow this rule.

Mr. H. F. CARPENTER favored us with a
visit lately, which we enjoyed hugely. Among
the many interesting items of news obtained
from this gentleman were the very interesting
accounts of his finding Carychium exiguum,
Say, on a hilltop, far removed from its usual
habitat; and the discovery of the Cuban Coryda,
alauda, Fer., in Rhode Island, by the roadside
in a grove, where it had evidently been thrown
from a bunch of bananas by a country trader.
This beautiful animal is still alive in its shell,
and still feeds on bananas, its native food.

WE are making a determined effort to get
January number to you earlier than usual, and
if we do not succeed, it will be because of dila-
tory copy.

You can aid us vastly in producing this,
your paper, by securing subscribers among your
The Premium
List is still open to our friends who wish to
avail themselves of its benefits.

THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 83

Young Collectors’ Corner.

The Dredge.

BY CHAS: T. SIMPSON:

Probably but a few novices and amateur
conchologists ever use the dredge, and yet it
is one of the most indispensable implements
that a collector can have. I remember that in
my earlier days as a collecter I supposed it was
a complicated affair, and that only an expert
could manage it. Perhaps a little of my ex-
perience with it may be useful to others. Years
ago, in Florida, I found that of many species
only worn specimens or scattered valves were
thrown up on the beaches, and I determined
to build the simplest kind of an affair with
which to attempt an exploration of the sea-
bottom, in the hope of getting these specimens
in good condition. I had a blacksmith cut off
two pieces of iron three-sixteenths of an inch
thick, three inches wide. and two feet long. One
edge of each of these blades was hammered out
thin, for a scraping edge, and along the other
small holes were punched, two inches apart.
‘These pieces were placed parallel to each other,
with the sharpened edges out, and the edges
haying the holes about five inches apart. ‘The

ends were fastened together by five-eight round -

iron bars, flattened at the ends and riveted to

the blades, and curved so that an end view of |

the blades would look like this >. Four
holes were punched in the ends of the blades.
and through each one of these was brought a
three-eight round iron rod, riveted on the back
of the blades (the cutting edges being the front
of the dredge) and welded into an eye directly
in front of the center of the blades, and about
two feet from them. A piece of canvas four
feet long was doubled in the middle, and
the ends securely fastened to the holes in the
rear of the blades by a lashing, making a bag
open at the sides which were filled each with a
triangular piece of fine fish net, with about half-
inch meshes and thoroughly sewed in. To
the eye in front was fastened a strong rope
three-fourths of an inch in diameter and 100
feet in length, and my machine was ready to be
tried.

I confess that I had many misgivings as to
whether it would work, especially when the
old Salt, in whose sail-boat I was going to try it,
offered to bet that it wouldn’t even fill with
mud. We reached the mouth of the Manatee
Bay, the sail-boat was brought up into the
wind so that it barely moved, and I threw the
machine overboard into some seyen fathoms of
water, letting out gradually nearly all my line.
After a little it began to pull, which was en-
couraging, and soon I felt a peculiar jarring
sensation as delightful as a fisherman feels
when a big fish has hold of his line, and I knew
that at least I was getting a bag full of mud.
After what seemed to me to be an age, but
what was perhaps not more than ten minutes,
I drew it up, the sand and mud washing out as’
it came slowly through the water, and dumped
the contents, perhaps nearly a bushel, on the
deck, When I washed it out, judge of my sur-
prise and delight at finding over thirty species
of shells in several hundred samples, nearly
all living or in good condition, and many of
which were either new to me or had only been
found dead and badly worn. I could hardly
keep from jumping over board. and it was now
my turn to laugh at the old skipper.

From that day on I found this rude and sim-
ple machine a perfect success; in fact it con-
tained the essential principle of Ball’s celebra-
ted dredge. and I never had a particle of trou-
ble with it anywhere. For convenience of
carrying, or for working in rocky bottom, it is
better that the arms should be made in two
pairs, one pair at each end of the dredge and
fastened to it with an eye at each end of the
arm, passing around the curved iron at the
end of the frame. The drawing end of each
pair ofarms should end in a large eye, the
rope to be fastened through one of these, and
the other tied fast with rope yarn, and then, in
case the dredge becomes fast, the rope yarn
will break under a strain, allowing the one
pair of arms to swing back and with it one side
of the dredge, when it can generally be drawn
up without any trouble. A square box a few
inches deep and a couple of feet across, with a
bottom made of fine copper screen and held in
place by any simple means over the side or
stern of the boat, is of immense advantage, as
the contents of the dredge can be dumped into

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE.

it and easily washed out. With a large sail-
boat it is also an advantage to have a whip
leading down from the mast to lift the dredge
from the water, anda second whip or line lead-
ing through a block at the top of the mast, and
hooked into an eye made of rope in the bottom
of the sack, is very convenient in dumping, as
the dredge can be raised to its place with the
whip, then the line hooked into the bottom,
when it is easily lifted: up until the contents
will run out. One will find in dredging all
day by hand alone that it is heavy, fatiguing,
wet work, For small sail or row-boats the
dredge should be smaller, from 18 to 20 inch
blades will be found heavy enough. I hope
that the coming season, many who have never
tried dredging before, may be induced to do so,
and the result will be the obtaining of many
rare species and specimens and in better condi-
tion than usually found along the shores of
rivers or the sea beach,
Ogallala, Neb., Dec. 5th, 1887.

Notes on Teredo.
BY W. W. WESTGATE.

I see in “ Shell-bearing Mollusca” Mr. Carpen-
ter says that he has never seen a specimen of
any species (Teredo) in Rhode Island, ‘That
is strange, because there are several species of
Teredo found from Massachusetts Bay south-
ward: eredo navalis, Linn, found from Cape
Cod to Florida; VYeredo megotara, Hanley,
Massachusetts Bay to South Carolina; Teredo,
dilatata, Stimp., same as the last; Teredo
Thompsoni, Tryon, around Cape Cod; besides
Xylophaga dorsalis, Forbes and Hanley, and
Xylotrya fimbriata, Jeffreys, have an extended
range, and might occur there. I make the fol-
lowing extracts from Fisheries and Fishery In-
dustries of the U. S.: “This species (T, nav-
alis) is very abundant along the southern coast
of New England, from New York to Cape
Cod, wherever submerged wood-work, sunken

wrecks, timber buoys, or floating pieces of drift |

wood occur,” ‘At Provincetown, Cape Cod,
about forty feet of the end of the steamboat
wharf was so weakened by its borings that it
completely gave way under a load of merchan-
dise stored upon it.” ‘ Capt. B. J. Edwards
told me that formerly, when the cedar or chan-
nel buoys in Buzzards Bay, Mass., were not

| Ark.

| Thesaurus, Monograph Veneride.

taken up, they would not last more than two
years, owing chiefly to the attacks of this Tere-
do.” ‘Teredo megotara has been found in
floating pine wood at Newport, R. I., and in
cedar buoys at New Bedford, Mass.” I could
give more instances, but I think this is enough
to show that Mr. Carpenter can add a few more
species of shells to his already fine list.

' Ferychaunges.

Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells from this
locality for other shells. Have about 300 of Unio
cylindricus, Say; tuberculatus, Barnes; gibbosus,
Barnes; rectus, Lam.; alatus, Say; verrucosus,
Barnes ; pressus, Lea ; zig-zag, Lea; elegans, Lea ;
gracilis, Barnes; metanevrus, Raf.; soleniformis,
Lea; complanatus, Barnes ; cornutus, Barnes.
JAMES H. FERRISS, Joliet, Ill.

Will exchange minerals for other minerals, Pacific
shells or fossils. J. C. PARKER, Kennebunk,
Maine.

Curios, stamps and books to exchange. Wanted.—
No.1, Vol. 1 CoNcHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. E J. STEB-
BINS, 11 E. Maumee St., Mich.

Offered.—Sea shells for pyrites of iron from Colo-
rado gold mines. S. FERGUSON, Eureka Springs,

Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells for same
EDW. D, KEITH, Moore St., Providence, R. I.

Offered.—Botanical specimens for shells if in good
condition. Nodead shells wanted. T. G. BRINTON,
755 Corinthian Ave , Philadelphia, Pa.

Offered.—Fine, large foreign sea shells for South-
ern iand and fresh-water shells. List sent on appli-
cation. Also, good general curiosities in exchange
for land shells. THOS. E. ADDY, 54 N. Franklin
St., Janesville, Wis.

Wanted.—North American Land Shells and Ter-
tiary Fossils for recent Shells. D. W. FERGUSON,
138 Wilson St., Brooklyn, (E. D.) N. Y.

Wanted.—Correspondents interested in the study
of the Mollusca of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Ari-
zona, New Mexico, Kansas, Indian Territory and
Nebraska. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, West Cliff,
Col.

Offered.cKnorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby:
Wanted.— Vol-
umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other
conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon,
near Rotterdam. Holland.

Fioe specimens of the fossil Leda truncata from
the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for
offers. CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science, Alma,
Mich,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY.

SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.

CONOHOLOGY.

Tryon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND
SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN-
UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for
Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and filled.
Circulars sent on application.

SpeciaL NoricE:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s
STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOL-
OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA,
with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition.
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The
latest work on California and other West Coast
Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement.

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma-
tidze. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO.
W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,
postpaid.

List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Order Pholadacea

and other Papers. By GEO.W.TRYON, Jr. |

Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Complete Writings on Recent and Fos-
sil Conchology of C. 8S. Rafinesque

Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- |

ON, Jr.. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid.

Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- |

ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY
1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol-
ogy from the fext of Milne-Edwards and Achille-
Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30
cents pp.

Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post-
paid.

Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States, with illustrations of
all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine
edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored
and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi-
tion, $8.50.

Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERIA, 49 pages,
10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris,
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatley’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid.

Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni-
valve Mollusea of the United States.
By 8. S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation
to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, Jr.; 2 vols., with many
colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40;
with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18.

American Journal of Conchology, 1865-
ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by
150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand
wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for
7 vols., new, complete, $25. .

Mollusca of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN-
NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored;
134 figs.; 406 ills; Svo. New, unused. Price, post-
paid, $15.

Baldwin, D. D. Land Shells of the Hawaiian
Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming
scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous cbapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very
instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices:

Wol-shcompletes. (sar = $1 50
Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00
Vol. IT, complete, . 1 00
Vol. III, complete, . 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Science and Art.
Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

Description of the Inferior Maxillary.
Bones of Mastodons, «&e. 10 plates, 25
pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts.

Agassiz. Methods of Study in Natural History.
327 pp. ills., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. 8. A.

86 ° THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE:

———

\ COLLECTIONS OF SHELLS | “NAMED, LL SAS ;

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELIS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER
SPECIES. .THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR-
TATION WHICH MUST. IN ALE. CASES,.BE “PATD
BY SENDER.
All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.

EXCHANGE BOX, No. 1.
For $1.00

We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis
containing 30 different species, and 150 specimens
especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec-
tion for yourself and lots to trade.

ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED.

SCIENTIFIC PRINTIN G.

Orders received for Scientific and other Printing, in all its branches.
Labels, Catalogues, Mounting Cards, é&c. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

‘““Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”
for which good prices will be paid.
15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. 1 and 2 of Volume I,
in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con-
chological publications.

AN) fans oa NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Tek AeONCHOLOGISTS’

- EXCHANGE. 87

i. H. WILLIAMS,
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER,

4475 MAIN STREET,
(Below Mehl.)

Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Large stock of
WATCHES, JE WWABIE REY:
SILVERWARE,

Lverything guaranteed as represented.

Orders by Mail Solicited.

GLASS TUBES AND BOTTLES

For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied

at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates, |

Address

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,

OPTICAL, GOODS, &c. |

| 50 specimens, 10 v arieties, for 30 ets.

Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.

OFFERED.

Numerous species of land and fresh-water shells
in exchange for mollusks from the United States
and foreign countries. Collectors will please send
lists and receive mine in return.

ROBERT FETSCHIN, Patschkau, Germany.

Fossil Ferns. |

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns |
from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly
named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for
choice Marine Shells.

J. C. CARR,

Grundy County National Bank,
Morris, Il, |

CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,

HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES
BOE, SrA ay

Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex-

change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted

for De Land University.
BERLIN H. WRIGHT,

LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA.

JAMES SPENCER,

SALISBURY PLACE,

AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND,
AGENT FOR

Specimens of British Natural History Objects,
and Scientific Books in all branches.

Specialty—Micro-preparations of Coal Plants
of Halifax and Oldham. Prices reasonable.

FOR SALE.

30 specimens, 5 varieties, Cal. Coast Univalve
Shells, correctly named, sent post-paid for 15 cents.
Stamps taken.

A. Ki. PATECHILD, Whippany, Bs J.

$1.00.
OFFER NO. 9.

10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice
Shells.
Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00.

*136. Achatinella auricula, Fer., Oahu, S. I.
137. Achatinella straminea, Rve., Oahu, S. I.

*138. Achatinella venusta, Migh., Molokai, S.I.

*139. Bulimus pupa, L., Sciacca, Sicily.

*140. Littorina scutulata, Gld., Santa Rosa, Cal.

*t41. Littorina muricata, L., Hayti.

142. Helix Bamiana, Anc. (N. S.), Berrou-
aghia, Algeria.

*143. Goniobasis occata, Hds., Pitt River, Cal.
144. Acmezea asmi, Midd., Morro, Cal.; and
145. Helix similaris, Fer,, Mauritius, (intro-

duced). Address

THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

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THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG-
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By the REv. JAMES S. STONE, D. D.

a $1.75

A better and more thougitful book of travels
in the Mother Country has not appeared for a |
long time. ‘Though “ to the manor born,” and
consequently well acquainted with the manners
and customs of her people, the greater portion |
of his life has been passed in the new world,
and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun-
try, walked through the green lanes and by-
paths of ‘‘ Merrie England,” with all his love
for the old world quickened by his life in the |
new, and the result has been a work of the
greatest interest and value.

12mo. cloth, extra, .

THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE;
Or, the Story of the Deaf.
By JosEPH A. SEIss, D. D., LL. D.

Author of ‘Miracle in Stones,” ‘ Voices
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tion,’”’ etc. 12mo. cloth, extra, . $1.00

THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes
of Ben Barclay,
By Horatio ALGER, JR.

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25

THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS.
By EDwARD 5S. ELLIs.

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25

HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE;
Or a Week’s Delight of Sports
and Games.

Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00

900 CHESTNUT STREET,
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THE ~ CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

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EXCHANGE.

Flelix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon.
WEST COAST SHELLS.

By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.

beautiful

Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb.

To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia-
tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos-
sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists,
and a Check List are added. Beautifully printed
and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75.

Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532
Market St., San Francisco, Cal.

Please mention this paper.

. pee

EDUCATIONAL REVIEW,

A Monthly.

Devoted to advanced methods of educa-
tion and general culture, with special stress
on Natural Science. Wood-cut illustrated
lessons on Natural History, ete.

EDITORS:

PRINCIPAL MACKAY, B. A., B.Sc. (London), for
Nova Scotia.

PRINCIPAL ANDERSON, Prince of Wales Col-
lege, for Prince Edward Island.

PROFESSOR HAY,Ph. B., for New Brunswick.

$1.00 PER ANNUM.
Managing Editor : Gro. U. Hay, Ph. B.,

Sr. Joun, N. B., CaNaDA.
To whom all communications should be addressed,

Che CGonchologists’ Exchange.

A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists

generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher.

Vol: II: JANUARY, 1888. Nene:
CON TEENS:

PAGE.

The Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter, . F . 89
Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells of Mercer Co., Ill., Wm. A. Marsh, go
Andrew Garrett, by Rev. E. V. Cooper (kindness of the late Prof. Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.) g2
Notes on the Strepomatidze of Illinois, A. A. Hinkley, : ‘ 93
Notes on the Unionidz of Southern Florida, Dr. S. H. Wright and Berlin H. Wright, 95
Necrology, : : : 96
’ Gundlachia Ancyliformis Pfr. in Florida, C. T. Simpson, 96
Valves, 96
Editorial Notes, 97
Young Collectors’ Corner, 98
Distribution of Shells, W. W. Westgate, . 98
Foreign Mails, 3 . : . : - 98
Exchanges, 99
Palpi, . : : 99
Standard Works on Conchology, 100

CHESTNUT HILL, Philadelphia, Pa.

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Universal Postal Union, 75 cents.

i AMeli get

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NEW BOOKS.

THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG-
LAND.
By the Rev. JAmEs S. STONE, D. D.
12mo. cloth, extra, .

A better and more tHongntfal book of travels
in the Mother Country has not appeared for a
long time. Though “to the manor born,” and
consequently well acquainted with the manners
and customs of her people, the greater portion
of his life has been passed in the new world,
and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun-
try, walked through the green lanes and by-
paths of ‘* Merrie Engla ind,” with all his love
for the old world quickened by his life in the
new, and the result has been a work of the
greatest interest and value.

THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE;
Or, the Story of the Deaf.
By JosepH A. Sriss, D. D., LL. D.

Author of ‘Miracle in Stones,”
from Babylon,”
tion,”’ ete.

“ Voices
“Tuther and the Reforma-
12mo. cloth, extra,

THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes
of Ben Barclay,
By HoraTIo ALGER, JR.

Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25

THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS.
By EpwArRp S. ELLIs.

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Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon.
WEST COAST SHELLS.
By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.
A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh
Water and land Mollusks, found in the United
States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182
Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a

hand-painted engraving of the very rare and
beautiful

Gabb.

Samuel Carson & Co.,
Post St., San Francisco, Cal.

Please mention as paper.

Surceula Carpentertana,

Publishers, 208

TEE

A Monthly.

Devoted to advanced methods of educa-
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Wood-cut illustrated
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EDITORS:

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lege, for Prince Edward Island.

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WiOiu, We

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE !SLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter X LI1—Continued.

FAMILY PAPHIID.

This family, according to Tryon’s “S & S.
Conck., Vol. iii, 161, 1884,” contains two
genera, Paphia and Ervillia; Paphia being di-
vided into six sub-genera. In his “ Catalogue
of the Family Tellinidz,’ he makes a sub-
family Paphiidz and treats these sub-genera as
genera. The family contains thirty-three spe-
cies, only one of which inhabits New England ;
this is the

Genus Ceronia, Gray, 1849.

This genus contains four species, one inhab-
iting Australia, another Peru, a third ranging
from England through the polar regions to
Nova Scotia, and the fourth is

L60—Ceronia arctata, Conrad.
Syns:

Mactra arctata,Con. Mactra deaurata, Con.
Mactra sub-triangulata, Wood., Griffith. Meso-
desma arctata, Gould, De Kay, Stimp. Cero-
nia arctata, Chenu, Binney, Dall, Tryon, &c.

Shell sub-triangular, wedge shaped, solid,
very inequipartite, the posterior end very short,
its lower part truncated; anterior narrowed,
rounded; surface covered with a shining yel-
low epidermis; beaks erect; hinge a deep
spoon-shaped cavity for the cartilage; a long V
tooth, opening at an acute angle and a straight,

/ Striated lateral tooth on each side of it. Length,
1% inches, height, one inch, breadth, 33

This species was described by T. A. Conrad
in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci , Phila., vi, 257, 1830.
It is found abundantly in Mass. Bay, and at all
points north of Cape Cod to the St. Lawrence
River. Perkins does not mention it in his
“Molluscan Fauna of New Haven,” but S.

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1888.

No. 7.

Smith has found it at Montauk, Long Island ;
a few specimens have been found at Nantucket,
and Tryon quotes it from Massachusetts and
Rhode Island, but I have never found it in our
waters.

FAMILY SEMELIDA.

This family contains nine genera and about
one hundred and ten species, of which only
one inhabits New England.

161.—Cumingta tellinotdes, Conrad.
Syns :

Mactra tellinoides, Con., Russel, De Kay.
Cumingia tellinoides, Con., Gould, Stimp.,
Dall, &c.

Shell elongated, triangular-ovate, thin and
fragile, white, nearly equipartite, anterior -tu-
mid, broad and rounded, posterior compressed,
pointed and warped like a Tellina; beaks cen-
tral, not inclining to either side; surface with
sharp, elevated lines of growth crossed by mi-
croscopic radiating lines; interior glossy white;
lateral teeth distinct in the right valve, but not
in the left. Length, 2; height, 2; breadth,
4. Described by T. A. Conrad in Journ, Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., vi, 258, 1830. Habitat from
Cape Cod to Florida, (Verrill). Very rare at
New Haven, (Perkins), Florida, (Conrad,)
North Carolina, (Coues). Gould says: ‘It
is found abundanily in the region of New Bed-
ford, Martha’s Vineyard, and probably may be
found everywhere south of Cape Cod.”’ It has
not yet been found in R. IJ. to my knowledge.

The genus Cumingia was named in 1833 by
Sowerby, and dedicated to the late Hugh Cum-
ing, a distinguished collector of shells, the spe-
cies of which, ten in number, inhabit sponges,
sand and the fissures of rocks, in consequence
of which, the valves often assume an irregular
appearance. |

PAMILY TELIERNTD AR,
This family contains sixteen genera, and in-

cludes many of the most beautiful shells of the
tropics, with highly polished surfaces, and

DEE

- CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE

bright and glowing colors. Two of these genera,
Tellina and Macoma, are represented in R. I.

Genus Tellina, Linn., 17758.

This genus contains over three hundred spe-
cies living, and one hundred and seventy fossil.
The animals inhabit all shores, living in sand
and mud at no very great depths. They have
long and slender divergent syphons; the man-
tle is delicately fringed, and opens widely in
front for the tongue-shaped foot, by which it
travels about. The shells are generally thin,
highly colored and delicately sculptured. The
genus has divided into several sub-genera, two
of which are represented in R. I.

162.— Tellina ( Angulus) tenera, Say.

Shell small, thin and fragile, white or tinged
with rose, iridescent, concentrically wrinkled
by sharp lines of growth, inequipartite, shortest
and pointed behind ;
valve, one larger than the other and grooved ;
posterior lateral tooth distinct; anterior one
ne oles: beaks behind the middle.

Length, 33; height, 54; breadth, § inch.

Discovered by Mr. Benjamin Say, brother of
the great Naturalist, near Great Ege Harbor,
New Jersey, and described by Thos, Say in
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ii, 303, 1822.
Inhabits from Florida to the Gulf of St. Law-
rence. Not very common north of Cape Cod

Most abundant from Buzzard’s Bay to New |
A very pretty little species living on |

Jersey.
all our sandy shores just below low water mark.
Tellina (Angulus) modestus, Verrill.

I have never seen this species; it was de-
scribed in the April number of Silliman’s Jour-
nal, 1872, page 285
smooth, shining, iridescent, with fine concen-
tric strize; color pink, straw colored or white,
often banded. concentrically with these colors.
He enters at some length upon the characteris-
tics which distinguish it from A. tenera. He

finds it in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay |

in six to ten fathoms water, on a sandy bot-
tom, also in Long Island Sound, off New
Haven, in mud. A figure of the shell is given,
which, if printed of life size, is } inch in length,
by 38 in breadth.

In the “Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard
Sound,” page 383, 1874, he re-names it Angu-
lus tenellus, Verrill. In the Cat. Mar. Moll.,

hinge teeth, two in each |

He describes it as being |

1822, by the same author, he quotes it from
Narragansett Bay as well as the above locali-
ties, and says, “this may only be a variety of
A. tener.

163.—Tellina (Peronea) tenta, Say.

Shell small, oval, thin and fragile, inequi-
partite, the posterior end shortest, narrowed,
warped and gaping widely; valves very con-
vex, the left one more so, and bent far to the
right, exterior shining, covered with very fine
lines of growth, interior polished, white, tinged
with yellow near the beaks and covered with
radiating lines; margins indented; hinge deli-
cate; cardinal teeth, two in the right valve and
one in the left; lateral teeth minute: (Say says,
“lateral teeth, none’). Length, 2; height, 2;
breadth, + inch.

Discovered by Dr. Ravenel, in South Caro-
lina, and described by Say in American Con-
chology, part seven (no date is given for this
part. It was printed after Say’s death, which
occurred in Sept., 1833). It inhabits from
South Carolina to Cape Cod. It does not live
near the shore, but is obtained by dredging in

mud. We find it off Rumstick, at the mouth
of Warren River.
To be Continued.
+ Oe =

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
‘CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

FAMILY RISSOIDE (Continued).
Genus Somatogyrus, Gill.
79.—Somatogyrus subslobosus, Say.

Shell subglobose, whorls from 3% to 4,
rounded, very rapidly enlarging; suture im-
pressed, horn colored; aperture sub-ovate,
umbilicus very narrow, nearly closed by the
labrum; spire very short, convex. This shell
is found in all the small lakes and sloughs very
abundantly. I have never found it in the river,
nor in any of our creeks. The animal is quite
active at times.

80.—Somatogyrus depressus, Tryon.
Shell orbicular, rather solid; spire depressed ;
whorls four, convex, last whorl large; umbili-

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

cus narrow, aperture semicireular; labrum ap-
pressed within; sutures impressed.

T his fine little shell inhabits the Myers’ Slough,
below the Bogus Island, very near the river.
In 1822 I found it in great abundance clinging
to the moss which coyered the whole bottom
of the slough, which is what is known as a
spring slough, being fed by numerous springs,
the water being very clear and cold. It isa
very small species, not over one-half the size
of Somatogyrius subglobosus. As found, here it
is nearly typical. I have been informed that

of Davenport, Iowa, furnished Mr. Tryon with
his type specimens. I have never found the
little shell in any other locality in our county,
and I am inclined to believe that it 1s found
only in localities where the water is very clear
and cold.

Genus Amnicola, Gould and Halde-
man.
81.—Amnicola porata, Say.

Shell obtusely conic, or subglobose, volutions
four, rather convex, very slightly wrinkled.
Spire obtuse, labrum and labium equally
rounded, meeting above in a sub-acute angle,
the upper edge of the latter appressed to the
preceding whirl. Umbilicus distinct, This
species is probably common in all the sloughs
of the Mississippi River, and in the Bay Island
lakes. It is one of those species that is fond of
muddy situations often associated with 4. osa
and Som. sebglobosus. The difference between
porata and fimosa is so slight that they are
difficult to separate. Both of these species prob-
ably range from Maine to Colorado and Texas.
Porata seems to differ from 4. Amosa in being
larger and more globuse and has a more dis-
tinct umbilicus. It is not found here as numer-
ous as Ze705a.

82.—Amunicola limosa, Say.

Shell conic, sub-umbilicate, dark horn col-
ored, epidermis obsoletely wrinkled, aperture
ovate-orbicular, suture impressed. This shell is
probably much more common than 4. forata,
and is usually found in our river sloughs, often
associated with fovata. It seems to prefer mud-
dy localities. J have found it in considerable
numbers along the margins of Sturgeon Bay,
but not later than the latter part of August. I

have also found it sparingly several miles up
the Bay in the Myers Slough associated with
Som. depressus.
83.—Amnicola Cincinnatiensis, Anthony.
Shell ventricose, sub-umbilicate, greenish
horn color, whirls four and one-half to five,
very smooth, spire entire at the apex.
Sutures deeply impressed, aperture dilated,orbi-
cular. ‘This, our largest Aszicola, is perhaps
rare here, as only about a dozen specimens have
been found, and these in but one locality, at the

: : oo Renae | junction of the Lakey and Hanneman Sloughs.
my friend, the late Professor David S. Sheldon, J ¥ =

In the tertiary clay beds of our county are
found fossz/, what I suppose to be two species
of Ammnicola, probably Cincinnatiensis and
porate.

S4.—Amnicola parva, Vea.

Shell obtusely conical, rather thin, yellowish,

smooth, umbilicated, Spire short, suture im-

| pressed, whirls four, inflated, aperture large,

nearly round.

This very small species! did not suppose
would be found in our county, but quite re-
cently, on making a critical examination of a
lot of amnicola and the Somatogyrus depressus
from Myers Slough, Bay Island, I found a
very few of this shell. Future explorations
may reveal the fact that it is quite common in
the locality mentioned. It is a little difficult
to distinguish from di, orbicula‘a. and even
the young of Som. depressus without the aid of
a good glass. It is probably common in Win-
nebago County. My friend, Mr. J. B. Upson, of
Rockford, sent me several hundred of this very
interesting little species.

SUB-FAMILY POMATIOPSIN, STIMP-
SON.
Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon.
85.—Pomatiopsis lapidaria, Say.

Shell turreted, sub-umbilicate, with from five
to seven volutions, dark horn color, whorls
rounded, suture impressed, aperture longitudi-
nally ovate-orbicular, operculated.

This very interesting little univalve used to
be quite common along the margin of all our
small sloughs, adhering to leaves, sticks of
wood, and stones; also along Edward’s and
Pope Creeks, but at present it is rarely found,
and no doubt in a few years will become en-

ELE

- CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE.

tirely extinct. The last living specimens that I
have found were along the margin of a spring
swamp, near Wild Cat Slough. It is found
fossil here in the tertiary or postpleiocene
clays, and beds of our Mississippi River
bluffs.
PULMONATA.

Sub-order Limnophila.

FAMILY AURICULID.

SUB-FAMILY AURICULIN.

Genus Carychium, Miller.

86 —Carychiune exiguum, Say.

Shell elongated, tapering at both ends,
white, translucent, shining, apex obtuse, whirls
five to six, convex, oblique, with transverse
striz, suture distinct, impressed, aperture ob-
liquely oval, white lip thick, reflected, flattened;
umbilicus perforated, a plait-like tooth, on the
middle of the columella, about midway between
the extremities of the lip. This peculiar and
very minute species used to be found abundant
in nearly all moist situations in our county,
being found on moss, wet leaves, bark. drift-
wood. and even under old rails and fence
boards, along old fence rows, in moist places. It
probably inhabits nearly every State in the
Union. It is very sluggish in its movements,
but when in aon carries its shell horizontally.
Many years ago, after a freshet, in our small
spring sloughs, [ found great numbers of
this minute shell, in the 27/¢s, where they had
been swept down from their hiding places by
the sudden rise in the waters.

To be

ANDREW GARRETT.

Continued.

BY REV. EBENEZER V. COOPER.

Mr, Andrew Garrett, the celebrated conchol-
ogist, died at his residence, on the Island of
Huahine, Society Group, South Seas, on the
Ist of November, (1887,) in the 65th year of
his age. For some months past he had suffered
from a severe form of cancer in the face, which
at last brought about his death. Mr. Garrett

was the third child in a family of fourteen, and,

was born on the 9th of April, 1823, in Beaver
Street, Albany, New York State. His mother
was one Joanna Van Nean Campaneaux, a na-
tive of Belgium, of good education, and speak-

ing several languages; his father being Fran-
cis Garrett, a native of Canada. Both parents
lived to old age, the mother attaining 72 years,
and the father $4 years. ‘The early life of
Andrew Garrett was spent im Vermont State,
where he very soon manifested a decided sci-
entific turn of mind; on one occasion, at eight
years of age, he left home without warning to
visit a museum some hundred miles away,
which, having accomplished, he returned home
again in safety. lie had a great fondness for
travel, and to satisfy the longing, he went to
sea at the age of 18. Asa shell collector, he
made his first acquaintance with the South
Pacific in 1848, and in 1852 he ultimately
adopted that island-studded ocean as his special
field of research. Since that time Mr. Garrett
has visited almost every island of note in the
various groups of the poe Pacific, spending
considerable time in each group. His studies
not oply embraced shells of the marine, fresh
water and land orders, but also birds, fishes,
and other objects of natural history; he was
also a botanist. Lor one period of ten years
he was professionally engaged in the interests
of the Goddefroi Museum, Hamburg, during
which time was published ‘* Andrew Garrett’s
Fische der Sudsee, im six parts, edited by Dr.
Albert Giinther, of the British Museum.” Mr.
Garrett was also, for a time, associated with
Prof. Agassiz.

In addition to visiting and residing in every
group of Islands in the South Pacific, Mr, Gar-
rett visited and explored many parts of the At-
lantic and Pacific Coasts of South America, the
East and West Indies, the Sandwich Islands,
and some parts of the United Seas His dili-
gent and learned researches soon gave him a
place as an authority amongst conchologists—
an authority now everywhere recognized. His
correspondents were very numerous, residing
in all parts of the world. Mr. Garrett’s pri-
vate collection of shells (now on sale) consists
of over 8000 species, and comprising over
30,000 examples, representing almost every
known part of the globe. Of this large col-
lection, Mr. Garrett has himself collected some
4000 species. ‘The deceased was a correspond-
ing member of the California Academy of Sci-
ences, and of the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Science.

THE ACONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE. 93

’ The following is a list of Mr. Garrett’s prin-
cipal writings :

“In proceedings of Zool. Soc., London; list
of Ahtride collected at Rarotonga, Cook’s
Isles; descriptions of two new species of Se/-
aratista; of two new species of Coecem; of a
new species of Scésseed/a; on the terrestrial
Mollusca of the Viti Islands. In the Quarterly
Journal of Conchology, (Leeds, England,)
“ Occurrence of Crepidula aculeata at the Mar-
quesan Islands;’’ ‘Occurrence of Gadinia
reticulata in Eastern Polynesia; Annotated
catalogue of the species of Comes collected in
the South Sea Islands ;” “Catalogue of the
Polynesian JAftt‘7vide, with remarks on their
geographical distribution. station and descrip-
tion of supposed new species;’ ** Annotated
catalogue of the Cypraetdea collected in the
South Sea Islands.” In the Budd. Soc. Mala-
cologique de France (Paris)—on the terrestrial
Mollusca of the Marquesan Islands. In Azer-
tcam Journal of Concholoev, Vol VU, * De-
scriptions of new species of land and _ fresh-
water shelis from the South Sea Islands”
(plates). ‘List of Viti Aediwus, and descrip-
tions of new species ” (plate). In proceedings
of the California Academy Nat. Sciences— De-
scriptions of new species of shells inhabiting the
Sandwich Islands;” “ Descriptions of new
species of fishes inhabiting the Sandwich [s-
lands ;” ‘Descriptions of new species of South
Sea shells.” In proceedings of Acad, Nat.
Science, Philadelphia—‘On the terrestrial /7o/-
fusca inhabiting Cook’s Islands, Society Islands,
and Samoan group ;” ‘ List of land shells inhab-
ting Rurutu (one of the Austral Islands), with
remarks on their synonyms and geographical
range,’ and several other papers.

In conclusion I would state that I am glad to
have known Mr. Garrett, and to have had him
for a neighbor for nearly seven years. The
man was an interesting study in himself. He
was self-taught in every sense of the word, and
his ability and achievements were wonderful
and most striking. Outside his own special
study, Conchology, he was deeply read in kin-
dred subjects, and no branch of natural history
seems to have been overlooked |. He was very
unpretentious, and no one from casual observa-
tion would imagine him to be a savazit.

Mission Flouse, Flaahine, November 4, 1887.

Notes on the Strepomatidz of Mlinois.

HINKLEY, DU BOIS, ILL.

Having collected shells of this family in
different parts of the State, a few notes of those
that have come under my observation may be
of interest to some of the readers of THe
CoNncHoLocists’ EXCHANGE. Although this
is an extensive family, and offers a wide field
for research and observation, comparatively
few collectors take much interest in them.
Probably this is owing to the want of good
works on the subject, and the difficulty of ob-
taining the Southern forms.

Considering species found in the Wabash
river, White Co., Ill. as belonging to the
State, I have of the family four genera and
fourteen species.

Genus Angitrema, Haldeman.
A. arvniigera, Say.

Shell with a prominent row of knobs encir-
cling the body-whorl, plain or banded; habi-
tat, Wabash river. [ found this species rather
unexpectedly in a still pool formed by a log
which had drifted so as to turn the current,
associated with A. verrucosa, and attached to
small pieces of drift-wood, or crawling about
on the mud. But few specimens were found
of each. I have since been intormed that
they are plentiful lower down the stream near
Wabash Station, on the L. & N. R.R.

A. verrucosa, laf.

Shell with several rows of small tubercles.
Most of the specimens taken were young, and
do not exhibit the tubercles as plain as the full
grown ones; some are inclined to be purple

within the aperture and on the columella.

Subgenus Lithasia, Haldeman,
Ihe obovata, Say.

Sheil plain, some faintly banded, all are
truncate, two to four whorls remaining, Habi-
tat, Saline and Little Wabash rivers. The
young or half-grown shells answer very well to
Mr. Say’s description, but the mature ones pre-
sent considerable difference. I cannot see that

THE: CONCHOLOGISTS! EXCHANGE:

they have any resemblance to Azc. prerosa, as
he suggests in his observation. Ata glance I
would take them for some of the “heavy pu-
peeform or cylindrical species’? of Goniobasis.
Some of them compare well with Gor. /epida
in general outline, and a few resemble fig. 576,
on page 299 of ‘Tryon’s ‘‘ Strepomatide.”
Found most plentifully where there was con-
siderable current.

Subgenus Pleurocera, Rafinesque.
P. alveare, Conrad.

Shell with a row of small tubercles on the
last whorl, four or five striz on the base,
wanting on some, first few whorls plicate, to be
seen only on young specimens, as all mature
ones are decollate. Habitat, Saline river.
Common, found in swift water on rocks.

P. undulatum, Say.

Shell large with an impressed band, tubercu-
late on the angle of last whorl; on some the
tubercles are hardly discernible. Habitat,
Wabash river and ponds. Ali specimens col-
lected were in still water, on sand or mud bot-
tom,

P. moniliferum, Lea.

Shell striate on the
banded.
the same.

base, banded or not
Close to the last species, and may be
Found in the same situation.

P. canaliculaium, day.

Shell with a deep groove on the last whorl ;

difters from the two last species by not having |

tubercles, and not so strongly angulate on the
periphery. One specimen collected has two
well-defined grooves on the last whorl, one of
which is on the next two preceding ones.
Habitat, Wabash river.

P. troostii, Lea.

Shell, carinate on the body-whorl; a few
faint striz on the base. A few are banded,
and some have a slight groove on the last
whorl. Habitat, Litthe Wabash and Saline
rivers. It is common in the latter stream, and
inhabits swift water.

P. subulare, Lea.

Shell acutely elevated, striate, carinate.
rather thin ; whorls ten to twelve. Common in

the northern part of the State. Specimens re-
ceived from Mr. W. A. Marsh, of Mercer
county, are more elongate than those from
other localities.

P. lewtsti, Lea.

Shell striate on the base, carinate, one or more
grooves on the last two or three whorls. It is
a larger species than 2. sedu/are,and the spire
is not as acute. Received from Mr. J. Wolf.
Habitat, Spoon river.

P. elevatum, Say

Shell carinate on the frst few whorls, last
one angulate, and differs from /. éewésez in size
and not having the grooves or sulcations. Hab-
itat, northern part of the State.

A form found in the Kaskaskia river has the
whorls flat, and they do not increase in size as
rapidly as in the northern specimens. Often
when the first few whorls are gone the shell
has a cylindrical appearance, white within the
aperture, and sometimes has two bands. I
have sent this form out as P. elongatim, Lea.

P. neglectim, Anth.

Shell white within epidermis yellowish, car-
inate on the upper whorls, base striate, three
banded; a few being without bands. Habitat,
Little Muddy Creek, Washington Co, At one
place where the current is rapid and running
over fine gravel and mud, and shaded by for-
est trees, they were found in abundance.

Genus Goniobasis, Lea.
G. costifera, Hald.

Shell plicate on the upper whorls, with two
or three revolving lines; color, brown or red-
dish brown; whorls, 7 or 8. This species is
common in the creeks of Hardin Co., and dif-
fers somewhat in color and size in the different
streams, but the specimens are very much alike
in form and markings.

There are other species of Govzobasis found
in the State, and may be other species of Plew-
vocera, but I have seen none of them. Per-
haps some of the readers of “THE CONCHOLO-
cists’ EXCHANGE can give some information
of others.

THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA: OF SOUTH-
ERN FLORIDA.

BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT.

Unio Buckleyi, Lea.

This species is a very marked one, and ought
not to be mistaken for any other known Unio.
It was first found by the late S. B. Buckley,
LL. D., in Lake Monroe, Fla, but is quite
common in the St. johns River and its lacustral
expansions in South Florida. Mr. Buckley
was born and lived nearly all his life near
Penn Yan, N. Y. He traveled extensively in
the} South to study its new plants, shells and
animals, and located finally at Austin, Texas.
His Unio is peculiar in having the posterior end
elongated and pointed, with a great depressiou
of the posterior and dorsal margin, the beaks be-
ing far to the aztertor end, andscarcely elevated,
the largest diameter being just below and back
of the beaks. The young are smooth and
rayed faintly, as are the adults when the
epidermis is smooth, polished and like horn.
Much confusion has arisen about this species,

several other species having been distributed by |

this name. In some cases a ¢7ezzcation is ap-

- parent on the anterior margin as in U. Buddi-
anus. Mr. C. T. Simpson has found it on the west
side of the State, where it is more cylindrical,
and more nearly white, usually being a beauti-
ful salmon. ‘The greatest length is vertically
through the umbos, and three-fourths of the
width forward.

U. Buddianis, Vea.

Dr, Lea’s figure of this species is faulty in
showing a long straight dorsal margin. We
- found it plentiful in Lake Woodruff, and in a
few other localities, but never found one just
like the figured type, the dorsal margin always
being more or less arched, but occasionally
approximating a straight line. This too is a spe-
cies not well known to collectors, and it has been
sent out often as U. Buckleyi. It is an oblong
species, Buckleyi being ova/, and its length is
50 per cent. of its width. Shell rather thin

for its size, usually grayish black, rather flat |
and truneated before, above the middle of the

anterior margin.

U. Blandingianus, Lea.

The habitat of Iea’s type was not exactly
known, having been brought to St. Augustine
by some Indians. We found it in Lake Wood-
ruff and in the St. Johns River at Blue Spring
Landing. Our specimens are rayed, smooth,
and the outline agrees exactly with Lea’s type,
but Mr. Simpson found specimens in Manatee
River, Ila., on the west side of the State, which
are much larger, coarser, squamose, and are
like Conrad’s figure of U. viricolws, found in
the same region ‘The latter is claimed by
Lea, as being his blandingianus, yet it is more
distinct than many of Lea’s co-related species.

&”. coruscus, Gould.

None of Gould’s Florida Uniones were fig-
ured, the descriptions of which were published
in Latin inthe Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist.
The difficulty of recognizing a Unio from the
description alone, is well known to concholo-
gists, and this species has been an enigma to
collectors generally. ‘The name is w2sleading,
meaning columns of light, akin to those seen
in the Aurora Borealis. ‘The shell has no such
exhibit outside or inside, and is a misnomer.
The nacre in perfect specimens is very beautiful
being a mixture of copper color and purple,
with flashing iridescence of purple and orange
posterior. It is a sva// species with thick ray-
less valves, deep cicatrices, heavy dorsal and
dental plate, all the teeth short and heavy,
highly arched just behind the umbos, and slop-
ing off each way from that point. Pointed be-
hind and rounded or truncate before, epidermis
very dark brown, but not “ pitch black,” with
many close zones of growth, and _ generally
roughish, homely and zo¢ polished. The valves
are generally badly crowded in the anterior and
umbonial region, giving the shape of a scalene
triangle, with the right and left angles or ends
somewhat truncated, and nearly of the same

size. ‘Typical size 134 inches wide, % long,
5g diam. We found it in Lake Ashby, and in

Lake Beresford, the latter being the origina/
locality. None were more than 13¢ inches
transversely. Nearly all the pretty shells of
central Florida, not exceeding 2% inches, have
been distributed very generally as U. coruscus.
Gld., none being genuine.

To be Continued.

96 THe | CONCHOLOGISES?

NECROLOGY.

At Buftalo, N. Y., Professor Charles Linden,
a well-known naturalist, aged 68.

Professor Asa Gray, the eminent botanist
and professor at Harvard College for many
years, died at Cambridge, Mass., January 30th,
1888, of paralysis, aged 77 years.

At Philadelphia, February 5th, 1888, of
asthma, Professor George W. ‘Tryon, Jr., in his
50th year. Professor ‘lryon was the author of
“Structural and Systematic Conchology,” the
‘* Manual of Conchology,’ and many other
kindred works, and was at the time of his
death, Conservator of the Conchological Section
of the Academy of Natural Sciences. A_ bio-
graphical sketch of this world-renowned con-
chologist will be printed later on in this paper.

Gundiachia Ancylifomis Pfr. in Florida.
CHAS. TV. SIMPSON.

In looking over, a short time ago, a lot of
small molJusea collected in Florida, and which
I have never had time to carefully examine be-
fore, I found three specimens of Gzzdlachia,
which, when submitted to Mr. Harry A. Pils-
bry, of Phila, were pronounced by him to be
G. Ancyliforis, Pfr., a Cuban species that, so
far as known, has not heretofore been reported
from Florida. They were found ina small
hammock near Palma Sola, in Manatee County.
This little hammock, which was the head of a
small stream that flowed into the Manatee Bay,
was not over ten or twelve rods in diameter, a
dense tangle of hardwood trees, vines and
shrubbery. with a soil almost boggy. In this
little spot [ made some remarkable discoveries.
I here found Vertigo moliwn, Gould, Vertigo
ovata, Say, Carychiuim exiguunm, Say, and the
Gundlachia, which, so far as I know, have not
been reported from this State, besides Azzcy/us-
Suscus, WUald., a rare species ; a specimen of the
new species Zonites dallianus, Pils. & Simp.,
and what is either a young shell of Zonztes
cerinoideus, Anth., or possibly a new species
and a very peculiar variety of Helix auriculata,
Say.: The presence of the Gandlachia helps
to strengthen the theory | advanced regarding
the distribution of certain tropical species in a
former articlt.—Ovgal/ala, Neb., Jan. 31st, 1888.

| long distance into the lake at this place.

EXCHANGE,

Valves.

Mr. E. W. Roper, of Revere, Mass., writes :
‘* Did I write in my last letter of the specimens
of Bulimius acutius, Mull, alive in my collection ?
Three out of a lot sent me in 1886, and labelled
Corfu, Greece, are still alive in a box, and do
considerable crawling around.”

Corrections, November Number: Page 68,
col. 1, line 17, for “ Valenctennt, Crosse,”
read Valenciennest, Crosse. Crosse spelled
the name differently from Webb and Van
Beneden. Page 68, col 2, line 27, for not
English authors,” read #zos¢ English authors.

Mr. 1. A. Pilsbry, formerly of the Davenport
(la.) Academy of Sciences, is now connected
with the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, as Professor ‘Vryon’s assistant in the
Conchological Section.

Mr. W. W. Westgate, of Houston, Texas,
writes: ‘I have been following Dr. Sterki’s
advice about collecting small shells, and the
result was amazing. Ihave secured shells so
small that I have to use a good glass to see
them at all.”

Mr. Joseph Anderson, of Muskegon, Mich.,
writes: ‘* There is.a long dock built of slabs,
edgings, etc., from the mills, which extends a
Near
the outer end, in about 10 feet of water, a space
about 20 feet wide was left, which is spanned
by a bridge. It was under this bridge that I
found a colony of Unio alatus, Say. They
were found on the bottom as close together as
they could be packed. I dived to the bottom
and filled a fruit basket before coming up.
Thus I took out about 600, and there are hun-
dreds left. Steamboats are constantly passing
under this bridge, causing a strong current to
flow throngh the opening, which led me to
think that I would find them in the river, but I
have been unable to find any outside of the ter-
ritory named above. I have found but one
locality where Jargazitana complanaia, Say,
can be found, but as the bottom is so full of
logs and sticks they are hard to get, and after
I get them over half prove to be worthless.”

THES

CONCHOLOGISTS)’-

She Conchalogisis’ Erchange.

A Publication designed for Conchologists and
Scventists generally.

Spe UA 8;

D MONGHLY

WM: D: AVBRELL,

Epitor ano PustisHEer

8as-Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the
tenth of each month,

Draw Money Orders upon Station H, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

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Entered at the Post- office at Philadelphia, Pa., as
second-class matter.

1 inch.. 50
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column, 1 month, 4.00
1 column, 6 nionths, 12.00 |

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW
DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE
DATE ON WRAPPER.

Editorial dlotes. |

THE study of Conchology has been too long

neglected. Other branches of Nature have |
made greater strides in popular esteem, owing,

no doubt, in great part, to the prevailing super-
stition that “shells only come from the sea-
shore,” to the total neglect of those great and
interesting families of the land, lake and river,
popularly but slightingly known as “snails’’
and “mussels.” The visit to the sea-shore
made, and a few shells gathered and placed in |

EXCHANGE:

the best room at home form the sum total of
the knowledge of most people about the neble
study of Conchology. What a fallacy to sup-
pose that this is the Alpha and Omega of mol-
luscan usefulness. “Vhe ocean’s flood and the
land it embraces are fairly teeming with mol-
lusks more beautiful in their coloring, and cer-
tainly more lasting. than the flowers of the field;
more regular in their forms; more cleanly in
habitation, and involving no use of acids in their
preparation and determination, like the
ducts of the mines and the quarry, interesting
as they are, and with a’ nomenclature the mere
study of which will give the student a tolerably
clear idea of Latin, one of the most useful of
classical languages.

pro-

Two new features have been added to THE
CONCHOLOGISTS’ ExXcCHaNGE this month, and
they are a cover and a free use ofthe Exchange
Column for all subscribers. The first will al-
low you to omit the advertisements in binding
the paper, and, we think you will admit, gives
a more finished appearance to it. The second
is simply dene to facilitate the collection and
study of what we regard as the most beautiful,
perfect and regular productions of Nature, ex-
cept the Mammalia.

THE ink is scarcely dry upon the page which
records the death of Mr. Andrew Garrett, and
now we are called upon to perform the same

sad office for Professor George W. Tryon, Jr.,
Mr. Garrett’s friend and co-laborer. The Joss
to conchology is great and irreparable, but we
feel assured that brave and able minds will be
found to continue the good work. Professor
Tryon’s ** Manual of Conchology ” will be com-
pleted, but when and by whom will be ‘an-
nounced later.

‘THE next issue will contain three very inter-
esting articles from the pens of Rev. W. M.
Beauchamp, of Baldwinsville, N. Y., Mr. B.
Shimek, of Iowa City, Iowa, and Mr. Harry
A. Pilsbry, of Philadelphia,

WE are desirous of increasing our circulation
and if any person wishes to secure a handsome
premium, we will send our Pera Tuist on
application.

95 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ * EXCHANGE.

Young Collections. Corner.

Distribution of Shelis.

BY -W. W. WESTGATE.

i read with much pleasure Mr. Simpson’s ar-
ticle on “ Distribution of Land and Fresh Wa-
ter Shells in the Tropics.’’ I think shells are
also distributed by other means. Henry Walter
Bates, in“ Naturalist on the River Amazon,”
speaks thus of pumice stone which he found
floating in the river: “A friend once brought
me, when I lived at Santarem, a large piece
which had been found in the middle of the
stream below Monte Alegre, about goo miles
farther down the river. Hlaving reached this dis
tance, pumice stones would be pretty sure of
being carried out to sea and floated thence with
the Northwesterly Atlantic current to shores
many thousand miles distant from the volcanoes
which ejected them (I have several pieces of
pumice stone picked on the beach of Galveston
Island.—W. W. W.) ‘They are sometimes
stranded on the banks in different parts of the
river. Reflecting on this circumstance since I
arrived in England, the probability of these
porous fragments serving as vehicles for trans-
portation of seeds of plants, eggs of insects,
spawns of fresh water fish, and so forth, has
suggested itself to me. ‘Their rounded. water-
worn appearance showed that they must have
been rolled about for a long time in the shal-
low streams near the sources of the rivers at
the feet of the volcanoes before they leaped the
water-falls and embarked on the currents
which lead directly for the Amazon. ‘They
may have been originally cast on the land and
afterwards carried to the river by freshets, in
which case the eggs and seed of land insects
and plants (also shells —W. W. W.) might be
accidentally introduced and safely inclosed with
particles of earth in their cavities. As the
speed of the currents in the rainy season has
been observed to be from three to five mixes an
hour, they might travel an immence distance
before the egg or seeds were destroyed.”

I think man plays an important part in dis-
tributing shells. Some time ago a fruit dealer
in this city received a large case of bananas
direct from South America. When it was
opened a small boa crawled out. (I now have
him in alcohol.) S. Jacob, in a little pamphlet
“The Student’s Aquarium,” speaks of finding
a “South American copper-head” in the
‘“ Narrows,”? New York Bay, which he thought
“had left a fruit vessel at quarantine.” Now,
if snakes are carried that way, why not shells ?
Mr. Singley says that “ wild ducks, geese, etc.,
do the distributing.” In ‘‘Conchologia Ces-
tria’’ several species of Mollusca are spoken of
as being introduced from England, France, etc.,
viz, Limax flavus, Linn, L. agrestis, Linn,
L. maximus, FHyalina cellaria, Mull., Actcula
acicula, Muller.

I have found a species of Z2#max mm my
greenhouse, which I thought came from West
Chester, Pa,, in plants which I had purchased
there. Several years ago I bought some water
lihes from Fayette, this State, and planted them
in tubs, Not long afterwards I got some from
Florida, now my tubs are filled with PAysa

gyria, Say, of a different form from those

found here. 1 do not know whether they came
from Florida or Fayette County, While I was
in the drug business T found two small Helices
in some juniper berries that I was selling. I
sent one to Professor Dall, and he marked it
thus: //e/ix, young, like extcetorum, exotic. I
could give other instances, but [ think this is
enough tor the present.

FOREIGN MAILS.

From New York City: Brazil, South Amer-
ica, West Indies; Steamer Advance, Feb, 18th.
Bremen, Germany; Steamer Werra, Feb. 18th.
South and Central America, via Panama; Str.
Acapulco, Feb, 20th. Hlayti and West Indies;
Steamer Alvena, leb, 18th.

Special Cuba mail closes daily, except Sun-
day, at Philadelphia, rr P. M.

THES CONCHOLOGISTS? -

EXCHANGE, 99

aL CHAUGCS.
FREE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Terms to NON-SUBS RIBERS, which must be
cash with order, are as follows: Fxchanges of 20

words including address, 10 cents; for each addi-
tional 10 words the charge will bed cents. No ex-

Oflered.—Unio alatus, Say, plicatus, Leseuer, fra-
Say, and many others, for marine shells. JOSEPH
ANDERSON, Box 1955, Muskegon, Mich

~ Offered.—70 species of inland and 50 of marine
shells for other shelis.
JOHN M. HOLZINGER, Winona, Minn.

American, especially Californian, and European
shells to exchange for books and papers on botany,
conchology, ete., for other specimens.
DEN, 54 N. Second St., Norwich, Conn.

Fossil and recent shells for shells, sea-curios, ete.
GLEN STEARNS, Georgetown, Texas.

Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells from this
locality for other shells. Have about 500 of Unio
eylindricus, Say; tuberculatus, Barnes; gibbosus,
Barnes; rectus, Lam ; alatus, Say; verrucosus,
Barnes ; pressus, Lea; zig-zag, Lea; elegans, Lea ;
gracilis, Barnes; metanevrus, Raf.; soleniformis,
Lea; complanatus, Barnes ; cornutus,
JAMES H. FERRISS, Joliet, Ill.

Curios, stamps and books to exchange. Wanted.—
No. 1, Vol. 1 CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. KE. J. STEB-
BINS, 11 E. Maumee St., Mich.

Offered —Land and fresh-water shells for same
EDW. D. KEITH, Moore St., Providence, R. I.

Offered.— Botanical specimens for shells if in good
condition. No dead shells wanted. T. G. BRINTON,
755 Corinthian Ave , Philadelphia, Pa.

Offered.—Fine, large foreign sea shells for South-
ern jand and fresh-water shells. List sent on appli-
eation. Also, good general curiosities in exchange
for land shells. THOS. E. ADDY, 54 N. Franklin
St., Janesville, Wis.

Wanted.—North American Land Shells and Ter-
tiary Fossils for recent Shells. D. W. FERGUSON,
188 Wilson St., Brooklyn, (EK. D.) N. Y.

Wanted.—Correspondents interested in the study
of the Mollusca of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Ari-
zona, New Mexico, Kansas, Indian Territory and
Nebraska. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, West Cliff,
Col.

Offered.—Knorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby:
Thesaurus, Monograph Veneride. Wanted.—Vol-
umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other
eonchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon,
near Rotterdam, Holland.

Fine specimens of the fossil Leda truncata from
the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for
offers. CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science, Alma,
Mich.

|
|
|
}

PALPI.

“PLEASE take out my ‘Exchange’ notice. I have

| “received answers from all over the United States

“and Germany. Jhave exhausted all my duplicates
“and have added some fine shells to nvy collection,”
is what Mr. W. W. Westgate, of Houston, Texas,
writes This is the experience of scores of collectors
who use the Exchange Column of Tum ConcHoLo-

We have examined ‘‘The Edueational Review,”

| published at St. John, N. B., and find it “advanced,”

Send your list for ours. |

G. R. LUMS- |

Barnes. |

| reasonable rates.

in every sense of the word, and scholars wishing to
keep up with the live thought of the Dominion of
Canada should advance themselves by reading it.
Tut demand for Professor Keep’s “West Coast
Shells” comes trom old as well as young collectors,
showing conclusively its popularity. The type is
clear, the illvstrations faithful, and the Latin names
are pronounced for you, so that all that is needful
for a clear insight to the lifeand habitations of West
Coast Mollusea, is the possession of this useful little
ook,

WE are as happy to advertise other men’s shells
as our own, and ii the latter suffer by comparison
that is their lookout. Try cur columns as an adver-
{ising medium.

Lots of people will exchange gold fora remedy
which “ never fails,” such as Mrs. Yates describes.

Now, then, why do you send us shells for naming
and tell us to keep them for the trouble? We pay
cash to an experienced conchologist for naming
shells sent, and we must insist on having cash with
the order for doing the work.

WE have known Mr. E. H. Williams for twenty
years, and we know he will fill all orders to your en-
tire satisfaction. Parties not being able to person-
ally visit Philadelphia will do well to order through
him.

OnE of the oldest manufacturers of glass tubes and
scientific glass ware, fills our orders in this line.
“Tu-be” exact is a great desideratum in tube mak-
ing, and we know we can please you.

Mr. J. C. Cakk, of Morris, Ill., has a large number
of beautiful Fossil Ferns, from the famous Mazon
Creek quarries, to which he directs your attention.
You can either buy of him or send him choice
marine shells in trade.

Ask us for any book you wish and if we haven’t
itin stock we will do our best to get it for you.

Pror. BeRLIN H. WRicuT should certainly please
the most fastidious with his attractive list of things
Floridian.

A. A. Hinkley of DuBois, Ils., has an extensive
and well selected line of Asparagus Roots for sale at
Try him,

‘YOO

STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY.

SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.
CONOHOLOGY.
Fryon, Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND
SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN-
UAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
Circulars sent on application.

SpeciaL Norick:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s
STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOL-
OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA,
with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations London, 1880 edition.
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.

The same, 1874 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah, WEST COAST SHELLS. The
latest work on California and other West Coast
Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.78, postpaid, See advertisement.

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- |

tidee. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO.
W.TRYON, Jr. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,
postpaid.

List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Grder Pholadacea
and other Papers. By GEO.W.TRYON, Jr.
Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

THE -CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE,

The latest works for |

Complete Writings on Recent and Fos- |

sii Conehoilogy of C. S&S. Rafinesque
Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY-
ON, Jr. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid.

Descriptions of Shetis of North Ameri-
ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY
1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Rusehenberger’s Elements of Conchol-
ogy from the rext of Milne-Edwards and Achille-
Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30
cents pp.

Lea, ¥sane. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition.
paid.

Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca
of the United States, with illustrations of
all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, JR. Fine
edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored
and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi-
tion, $8.50.

Price $2, post- |

Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERLA, 49 pages,
10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, -
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatlcy’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid.

Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni-
valve Mollusca of the United States.
By 8S. S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation
to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, JRr.; 2 vols., with many
colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, #40;
with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18.

American Journai of Conchology, 1865-
Zi. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by
150 plates, mauy colored, besides about a thousand
wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for
7 vols., new, complete, $25. ;

Mollusca of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN-
NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ;
134 figs.; 406 ills.; 8vo. New, unused. Price, post-
paid, $15.

Baldwin, DB. D.
Islands,

Land Shelis of the Hawaiian
9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal), now out of print, is rapidly becoming
searce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very
instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check List of Shells,’ besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices:

Mollet complete; tan. 5 $1 50
Vol. I. minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00
Vol. II, complete, : 1 00
Vol. III, complete, . 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Sciemce and Art.
Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

Deseription of the Enferior Maxillary.
Bones of Mastodoms, «&e. 10 plates, 25
pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts.

Agassiz. Methods of Study in Natural History.
327 pp. ills., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists' Exchange

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

‘SHELLS NAMED. KeSoASE

THERRCONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE. ii

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF
“Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”

for which good prices will be paid.

15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. 1 and 2 of Volume lI,
in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con-
chological publications.

(GLASS BEBES‘ AND. BOGITLES

For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates,

1. SOF aE Ee NTO. 7"
10 SPECIES (25 SPECIMENS) OF CHOICE SHELLS.

Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00.

*136. Achatinella auricula, Fer., Oahu, S. I.
' 137. Achatinella straminea, Rve., Oahu, S. I. aghia, Algeria.
*138. Achatinella venusta, Migh., Molokai,S.I. | *143. Goniobasis occata, Hds.. Pitt River, Cal.

| 142. Helix Bamiana, Anc. (N.S.), Berrou-
*139. Bulimus pupa, L., Sciacca, Sicily. | 144. Acmzea esmi, Midd., Morro, Cal.; and
|

140. Littorina scutulata, Gld., Santa Rosa, Cal. 145. Helix similaris, Fer., Mauritius, (intro-
*t41. Littorina muricata, L., Hayti. duced). Address

ADDRESS

i The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

AM i foo

CONCHOLOGISTS’

- EXCHANGE.

e H. WILLIAMS,

WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER,

4475 MAIN STREET,
(Below Mehl.)

Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Large stock of
EW ERY,
OPTICAL

WATCHES,
SILVERWARE, GOODS, &c.

Everything guaranteed as represented.

Orders by Mail Solicited.

The West American Scientist.

This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new
yolume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of

POPULAR SCIENCE.

A feature consists of articles on topography and
natural history of Upper and Lower California.
Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price, $1.00
per year, 10 cents per copy. Send 25 cents fora 4
months’ trial subscription. Agents wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Enron.

San Diego, Cal.

Fossil Ferns.

| CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,

HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES

| FOR SA Li.
Florida Mollusks,

change.

Recent and Fossil for Ex-
Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted

| for De Land University.

BERLIN H. WRIGHT,

LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA.

JAMES SPENCER,

SALISBURY PLACE,

AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND,
AGENT FOR

Specimens of British Natural History Objects,
| and Scientific Books in all branches.
| Specialty— Micro-preparations of Coal Plants
| of Bes gud Oldham. Prices reascpalle:

CRAIG, FINLEY & CO.,

STEAM-POWER

-LITHOGRAPHERS
and PRINTERS,

1020 ARCH STREET,

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns |

from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co.,

Iil., properly |

PHILADELPHIA.

named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for |

choice Marine Shells.

J. C. CARR,

Grundy County National Bank,
Morris, Il.

HAT HAVE YOU TO EXCHANGE

For a Catarrh Remedy that never Fails?
Address, Mrs. E. E. VYates, Sharon,
Wisconsin.

Send for Samples.

| Estimates Cheerfully Given.

| Er OR SALE. ASPARAGUS ROOTS.
| 100, 40c°; 1000, #2.50. Will exchange shells
| for a few good ee specimens of Cactus.

A. A, Hinkley, Dubois, Til.

Ch Conchologists Exchange.

A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists
generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher.

Wol? i: FEBRUARY, 1888. No. 8.

The Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter, : ‘ f es
Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh-Water aK of Mercer Co., Il]., Wm. A. Marsh, 103
Necrology, . : J : : : é 5 103
Notes on the Unionide of Florida, Dr. S. H. Wright and Berlin H. Wright, : 104
Special Notice, : : 4 . - s : : ; 105
Editorial Notes, ; : ict : ‘ : ‘ ; ; 106
Young Collectors’ Corner, : 0 : : : : , 107
_ Cabinet Notes, Prof. Josiah Keep, ; ¢ 3 : . : 107
Exchanges, : 5 : ; - ; : ‘ ; 108

CHESTNUT HILL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Single copies, 38 cents; 50 cents a year in the United States
and Canada; Foreign Countries, 62 cents; Countries not in

Universal Postal Union, 75 cents.

ii THE -\CONCHOLOGISTS

FAC-SIMILE OF

Vol. 1. No 1.

This is the first issue of “THE CONCHOLOGISTS’
EXCHANGE.” As encouragement is received it will
assume the form of a printed sheet with columns for
“Exchanges in Mollusca,” “ New Localities,” “ Ans-
wers to Correspondents,” &e. This, our first number,
has been sent to 500 Conchologists. Subscription
price, 25 cents per annum, post paid. Exchanges of
20 words, 10 cents; for each additional 10 words the
charge wil! be5cents. The Conchologists’ Exchange
will be issued semi-monthly, and will endeavour to
become a cheap and useful medium for the exchange
of those most beautiful productions of nature—
“The Mollusks.”

EXCHANGES FOR MOLLUSCA ONLY.
CYPR@A erosa,L. lynx,L HELIX albolabris,Say, al-

CERITHIUM, maculosum
Kien. eburneum Brug.
CYCLOSTOMA suleatum,
Lam. elegans Mull.
LYMN A zebra Tryon.
STROMBIN Abicanalifera
Sby. Fissurella volcano.
Rve. Columbella fulgur-
ans Lam.
Prof. D. 8S. SHELDON,
Davenport, Ia.

SUCCINEA putris L.
HELIX arbustorum L.

< nemoralis L.

. ericetorum, Mull.

ee rotundata, Mull.

Af lapicida L.cellaria
Mull.

Pupa muscorum, L.
Cionella subeylindrea,
EK. LEHNERT,
Washington, D. C.

GONIOBASIS simplexSay
carinifera,Lam.bella,Con
perangulata, Con.
sordida Lea symmetrica,

Hald.
ebenum, Lea
Melantho subsolida Anth
Unio-rubiginosus Lea.
pustulosus Lea., gracilis,

Barnes

W. A. MARSH,
Aledo, Illinois.

ternata, Say. clausa, Say.
elevata, Say. fallax, Say.
hirsuta, Say. inflecta, Say.
solitaria, Say. monodon.
Rackett. Sayii. Binney.
Pupaarmifera, Say. corti-
caria, Say. fallax, Say.
Unio elegans Lea; lachry-
mosus, Lea;parvus, Barnes
EDWARD A. ENOS,
Connersyille, Indiana.

NASSA fossata Gld.
Purpura saxicola Val.
Amycla gausapata Gas.

Adula faleata Gld.
Acmezea spectrum Esch.

scabra, Nutt. pelta, Esch. |

Hipponyx cranioides Carp
G.W. PUTERBAUGH,
Greenfield, Indiana.

American and Foreign
Unionidae for exchange.

Send for list.

No responsibility will be
assumed for the standing
of the above parties.

Address, WILLIAM D. AVERELL, Propr’tor,
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA.

THE ROWLAND HILL
orang. aGheeig. “ly

Reliable, cheap and worth twice the money.

No Approval Sheets.

Sold only in packets.

Price 25 cents, post paid.
T. R. SWIFT, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

EXCHANGE.

Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon.
WEST COAST SHELLS.
By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.

Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb.

To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia-
tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos-
sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists,

; anda Check List are added. Beautifully printed

and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75.

Samuel Carson & Co., Publishers, 208
Post St., San Francisco, Cal.

Please mention this paper.

EDUCATIONAL REVIRW.

A Monthly.

Devoted to advanced methods of educa-
tion and general culture, with special stress
on Natural Science. Wood-cut illustrated
lessons on Natural History, etc.

EDITORS:

PRINCIPAL MACKAY, B. A., B.Sc. (London), for
Nova Scotia.

PRINCIPAL ANDERSON, Prince of Wales Col-
lege, for Prince Edward Island.

PROFESSOR HAY, Ph. B., for New Brunswick.

$1.00 PER ANNUM.
Managing Editor : Gro. U. Hay, Ph. B.,

St. Joun, N. B., CANADA.
To whom all communications should be addressed.

Che Conchologists Exchange.

Vow Le

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1888.

No. 8.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF
RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XLII.

Genus Macoma, Leach, 1819.

This genus contains eighty-five species, one
of which inhabits New England, south of Cape
Cod, and another from Cape Cod north to
Greenland. Our species is the

164.—Macoma fusca, Say, 1826.
Syns :

Psammolia fusca, Say.
Sanguinolaria fusca,

Migh., Stimp.
Tellina fusca, Phil.

‘¢ Greenlandica, Beck.

‘¢ ~ solidula, Pult., Hanley, Midd.

« zonata, Dill.

«rubra, DaCosta.

« Balthica, Linn, Phil.
Macoma fusca, Tryon, W. G. Binn., Dall., ete.

Con., Gould, DeKay,

Shell thin, compressed, ovate-orbicular, sub-
equipartite, rounded before and narrowed and
a little pointed behind; beaks small, ligament
external ; there are two unequal parallel teeth
in each valve, the large one grooved. Color,
variable, according to locality. Length, one
inch; height, four-fifths ; breadth, two-fifths.

Linnzeus, in 1767, in his Systema Nat., page
1120, described a small rose-tinted shell which
he called Tellina Balthica Most of the above
synonyms are probably of his species. It
might or might not be our species which he de-
scribed, and not being certain, we adopt Say’s
name, as next in order of time, and as we
know just what species he meant by his de-

scription in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., V.
220, 1826. It inhabits from Georgia to Green-
land. It is one of the most common species in
Rhode Island. Dead specimens can be seen
at all times at Field’s Point, and sometimes
even as far up as Red Bridge, on the Leekonk
River. It lives in sand or mud, just below the
surface, near low-water mark. They are found
on all our shores, but most abundantly in the
Barrington and Warren Rivers. In_ those
slimy, muddy, treacherous spots, where every
step brings to the surface bubbles of carburetted
Hydrogen gas, from the gradual decomposition
of vegetable matters, they are as black as ink ;
in the inlets of salt marshes, and near where
fresh water empties into the bay, they attain
their largest size; these specimens are quite
thick and are covered with a dark, rusty epi-
dermis in clean, quiet sandy places, or showing
through their semi-transparent epidermis the
tints of lemon or of rose.

FAMILY PETRICOLID.

This group consists of four genera and
about fifty species. They are mostly borers
in clay or soft rock, and are irregular in
form.

Genus Petricola, Lamarck, 1801.

There are thirteen species, one of which in-
habits the whole Atlantic coast of the United
States.

165.—Petricola pholadiformis, Lam.
Syns :

Petricola fornicata, Say, Russell.
« dactylus, Say, Gould.

Shell long, ovate-cylindrical, equivalve, very
inequipartite, chalky white within and without;

102

beaks at the anterior fourth, elevated and in-
clined forwards ; surface covered with numer-
ous lines on the posterior portion, radiating
from the umbones ; on the anterior portion, and
extending nearly to the middle of the basal
margin, are several large, sharp ribs, decussated
by the lines of growth; teeth, two in each
valve, one large and one small one in the
right valve, and one large tooth in the left
valve, deeply cleft, and a thin elevated one,
pointing toward the margin, generally detached
in removing the animal from the shell. Length,
two inches; breadth, three-fifths; height,
four-fifths.

This shell, at first sight, resembles a Pholas,
but is distinguished from it by its articulated
hinge and byits not gaping widely. It is
abundant on all our shores from Massachusetts
Bay to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico; local
and more rare from Massachusetts Bay to
Prince Edwards Island. Its habitat in Rhode
Island is from high to low-water mark in hard
clay, peat, old logs, etc.

Petricola dactylus, Say, not of Sowerby, Hanley
and others, was described as a distinct species
in Say’s American Conch., 1834, DeKay’s
Nat. Hist. of N. Y., Binney’s Gould second
edition, 1870. It is described as being broader
and shorter, the ribs less prominent and the
radiating lines more numerous. It is also said
to inhabit deeper water. It is now acknowl-
edged by Conchologists to be merely a variation*
from the normal form of P. pholadiformis.

FAMILY VENERID~.

This is a very large family, consisting of
many genera and species, a most elaborate clas-
sification of which is found in Deshayes’ Cata-
logue of the British Museum. The species are
found in all seas, generally in shallow water ;
they are strong and beautifully colored. ‘They
made their first appearance in the Oolite and
are now at their maximum of development.
Four sub-families are recognized.

SUB-FAMILY VENERIN.

There are three genera, two of which are
represented in Rhode Island.

THE ~ CONCHOLOGISTS’ > EXCHANGE.

Genus Venus, Linn., 1758,
There are 176 species living, and 200
fossil, Of the eleven sub-genera, into which

the genera is divided, one is represented in
Rhode Island by a single species.

166.— Venus ( Crasstvenus) mercenaria, Linn,

Syns :

Venus mercenaria, Linn.
Mercenaria mercenaria, Chenu, Dall.

cs violacea, Schum, Stimp., Adams,
Desh.
cf notata, Desh,

Venus notata, Say, Gld., Phil., Delay.
“ preeparea, Say, Hanley, Desh.
* obliqua, Anton.

Crassivenus mercenaria, Perkins.

Shell large, thick and solid; surface chalky
white with no epidermis ; in young specimens
the surface is covered with sharply defined con-
centric ridges ; as the shell grows older these
become gradually obliterated until the surface
is almost entirely smooth ; interior pure white,
except at the margin where it is usually of
a beautiful purple color. Length, four inches ;
height, three; breadth, two.

An extremely abundant species in Rhode
Island, living at and below low-water mark in
sand or mud, and known by the name of
Quahog or Round Clam, It is an article of
food, and from New York southwards it almost
entirely takes the place of the common long
clam, ‘The purple border of the inside of the
valves was used by the Indians for the manu-
facture of wampum, or circulating medium for
money; the white wampum was made from
the axis of Fulgur carica and Sycotypus canali-
culatus.

Linneeus, in Syst. Nat. ed xii. p. 1131, 1767,
named this species, mercenaria, Schumacher,
in 1817, separated from the genus Venus, a new
genus which he called mercenaria, and as our
species falls in that group, its name becomes
mercenaria mercenaria. According to the rules
of the British Association, specific names should
not be made generic, On this account Dr.

a eae

—

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

103

Geo. H. Perkins, in the ‘‘ Molluscan Fauna of | BRIEF NOTES ON

New Haven,” p. 147, 1869, proposed the name
of Crassivenus for this division. We cannot
change the specific name, for by so doing we
deprive Linnzeus of the honor due to him as
its first discoverer, and at the same time Schu-
macher is entitled to his generic name by law
of priority, but for the reason above given and
to avoid tautology, I think it better to adopt
Perkins’ genus, although of later date. Con-
trary to the plan adopted by most Concholi-
gists, | accept Crassivenus as a sub-genus of
Venus and reduce Mercenaria to a synonym.

The variety notata was described by Say, in
Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 11, 271, 1822, as
a distinct species. The shell is less solid, and
does not attain the size of mercenaria; the con-
centric ridges are not so prominent; the surface
is not chalky, but shining, approaching a flesh-
color, and marked with zigzag flashes of a
darker shade on the lower part of the shell;
interior of a yellowish white color, without any
tinge of purple on the margin and several other
minor points of difference. These points are
of no value in separating species, as suites of
specimens can be arranged, showing all the
grades of variation between the most marked
opposites ; the colored margin is no criterion,
as I have young and old specimens having no
color, and also those with the whole interior
covered with purple, and others with white
centres, and the entire margin colored.

To be Continued.

NECROLOGY.

Wm. L. Mactier, Conchologist, at Philadel-
phia, January 20th, 1888. Mr. Mactier was
for a number of years an active member of the

Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, |

and also an earnest student and collector.

He was Treasurer of the Conchological Sec-
tion for twenty-one years, in which he was
succeeded by Mr. S. Raymond Roberts, of
Germantown, Philadelphia.

THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

Sub-order Hygrophila.
FAMILY LIMNA‘ID AE.

SUB-FAMILY LIMNAIDA.
Sub-Genus Limnophysa, Fitzinger.
&7.—Limnea reflexa, Say.

Shell fragile, very much elongated, narrow,
brownish yellow, translucent, slightly reflected
from the middle; volutions six to seven, ob-
lique, wrinkled transversely; spire acute, termi-
nal whirls vitreous; body whorl very much di-
lated; aperture narrow; labrum with a pale
margin, and dusky red or blackish sub-margin.
This fine shell is rather common in the North-
ern States. It is very abundant in all the
small lakes of our county, and is also found in
some of the larger ponds, in the Mississippi
River bottom, but is found nowhere else except
in times of very high water, when these shells
are carried out of the lakes and then may be
found in considerable numbers along the river
clinging to limbs of trees and pieces of bark.
Swan lake, on the Bay Island, is the place
where this fine shell may be found most abun-
dant. From the middle of May to the middle of
June is the time to look for this shell. During
this period it seems to be ,in the heighth of its
glory, At this time vast numbers of them may
be seen feeding on the various kinds of water
plants, floating, shell downwards, on the sur-
face of the water. From the middle of June
they begin to disappear, burying themselves in
the mud.

58.—Limnea desidiosa, Say.

Shell oblong, sub-conical, whirls five, very
convex, the fourth and fifth very small, the
second rather large; suture deeply indented,
aperture equal to or rather longer than the
spire; labrum, caicareous deposit copious, not
perfectly oppressed at base, but leaving a very
small umbilical aperture. This is our most

104 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

common Limnzea, being found along the margins

of all our small Jakes and Mississippi River |

bottom ponds, also in all ponds along
our small creeks, especially about springy
places, and in grassy marshes. One remarkable
feature however is noticeable: that the species
attains a much larger size in the ponds of the
river bottom than it does in the inland ponds,
but is the same in other respects. This species
puts in an appearance much earlier in the
Spring than the other Limnzas. In the early
part of May it may be collected in vast num-
bers about springy places, usually from very
small to about half-grown. It can then be
found crawling around over the moist ground
some distance from the water.

89.—Limnea zebra, Vryon.

Shell turrited, thin; spire very attenuate;
whirls from six to seven, brownish yellow,
translucent, irregularly striate, covered with
whitish transverse lines or stripes, imperforate;
sutures impressed ; aperture narrow, elliptical.
It usually has from one to three obscure brown
lines within the margin of the outer lip. This
very beautiful species is found in small ponds
along Pope creek, and in the Doak Swamp, in
the Mississippi River bottom, “In the latter
locality associated with Lzmnca reflexa Say.”
It generally begins to put in an appearence
about the first of May, and disappears about
the latter part of June. I have taken very
young specimens of this shell and put them in
an aquarium with //anorbis, Physa, etc. In
this condition they grow very much more solid,
but attain their growth in a dwarfed condition,
not more than half their natural size, and with-
out the pale whitish stripes, which always
characterize the species in its normal condition.

go.—Limnea caperata, Say.

Shell somewhat oval, slightly oblong, light
horn color; whirls six; apex acute, covered
with numerous minute revolving lines; sutures
not very deeply impressed; aperture large, fold
of the labium not prominent. ‘This fine shell
is very rare here. Seven specimens before me,

found on the Bay Island, in 1877, is all that I
know to a certainty as ever being found in the
county. I know nothing of the habits of this
shell. It is probably common in the northern
portion of the State. A number of years ago I
received a large lot of this fine shell, collected
by Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, in Iowa.

To be Continued.

NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA. OF
FLORIDA.

BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT.

In Conchology, and especially in the Unioni-
dee, it is very often difficult to separate distinct
species of the same group. ‘This is owing to
the very few distinct specific characters which
shells have. In the Unionidz there appears to
be a character in the ratio of the altitude (length
from base to dorsum) to the transverse or longi-
tudinal axis, which we will represent by “ R,”
in our notes. In individuals of the same spe-
cies, if not very young, “ R” is substantially
constant. In co-related species, or in specimens
that appear to be the same, if on finding “ R”
to be clearly of a different value, the assumption
may be taken that the species or specimens are
not the same.

The location of the tip of the beaks, and
(when well formed) of the cardinal teeth, is
also a character, and in specimens of the same
species having nearly the same size or age, is
substantially constant. The location of these
joints from the anterior end is readily compared,
in two individuals supposed to be alike or un-
like, by taking the left valves of each, placing
the anterior ends of each against the table or
desk, one being horizontal and the inside facing
upwards, and the other placed upon it, verti-
cally and dorsum downward, will easily show
the agreement or non-agreement of the location
of the beaks and cardinal teeth. The signifi-
cance of the specific names of species, we will

» 99

give and the value of “ R.

THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

105

U. Anthonyi, Lea, Sig., personal name for I.
G. Anthony R—=.57.

U. aheneus, Lea, Sig., color of bronze, brass,
or copper. R=.40,

U. amygdalum, Lea, Sig., shaped like the

almond, or its seed R—.70.

U. augustatus, Lea, Sig., narrow, R=.39.

U. arctatus, Con., Sig., a bow or arch, Notin
Florida. R—.55.

U. Blandingianus, Lea, Sig., personal name
for Dr. Wm. Blanding, R—.65.

U. Buckleyi, Lea, Sig., personal name for S, B.
Buckley, R=.50.

U. Buddianus, Lea, Sig., personal name for
Dr. B. W. Budd, R=.51.

U. coruscus, Gould, Sig., ‘flashing, glittering,
R—.64.

U. cacao, Lea. Sig., Bean of Theobroma cacao
or coco, R=.69.

This is found in West Florida. It has a
squarish outline, flattish, chestnut brown, thick
dental plate, and carina high. A small species.

Unio Cunninghami, B. H. Wright, Sig.
Personal name for S. L. Cunningham, the first
collector of the species. Size of type 2 by 1%
inches. Diameter 1 inch. R=56. Diame-
ter being 90 per cent. of 1%, makes it very
broad across the back. Epidermis usually a
reddish black, shining, smooth above, and
striate, and unlike below. Teeth all very
~ heavy, nacre thick, salmon, white or purple.
Cicatrices a// deeply impressed. A ventral
cicatrix usually is found 4% or &% inch behind
the smaller anterior cicatrix. The posterior
slope is very depressed and the umbonial ridge
being high, a flattened or almost truncated ap-
pearance is given to the area below and behind
the ligament, the carina being scarcely obsery-
able.

The lines of growth are numerous and close,
showing that the shells, though small, are old,

the full-grown specimens being about half or
less in size than the mature U. Buckleyi, Lea,
the diameter of which is .64 to .75, to which
some persons are inclined to refer it. Its great
breadth across the dorsum, small size, heavy
teeth, and massiveness sufficiently distinguishes
it from U. Buckleyd and all others. Habitat
Lake Dora, and other lakes in Sumpter county,
South Florida. It has a close affinity with U.
coruscus, Gld., yet it is very distinct.

U. Floridensis, Lea, Sig., name for Florida.
R50.

This is another West Florida species, and in
the same waters as U. cacao, outline obovate,
shell thin, light yellow as in the U. Anadon-
toides, very narrow in front, rayless, lateral
teeth very long and slender, cardinal teeth very
small, width of shell 3 inches. Ul. fescatus,
Lea, Sig. Dark, the color of the posterior
slope, R=.53. Found in Black creek, Florida,
width 1.7inches, dark brown, numerous minute
green rays, valves ¢iz, and compressed behind.
Nacre coppery. Some confusion exists about
this species, other species of about the same
size, with copper colored nacre, having been
taken forit. WU. Jayanus, Lea, Sig. Personal
name for Dr. J. C. Jay. R=.48. As Lea
named this from a pair of unmated valves,
there has been some trouble with it since, and
is a species not well known. Valves thin 2.5
by 1.2 inches, color brown, rayless, lateral
teeth long and straight. It has an up-turned
nose, some like U. xasufus. Habitat Lake
Woodruff, Florida. Rather rare.

To be Continued.

WE propose to issue the number for March
much earlier, or know the reason why; and
to that end, have shortened this issue. The
articles by the Rev. Wm. M. Beauchamp, Mr.
B. Shimek, and Mr. Harry A. Pilsbry, will
appear in the next number. Several prominent
writers have been added to our list of corres-
pondents, while we cordially extend to all, the
privilege of contributing any articles, either
critical or descriptive, which will have the
tendency to make the literature of Conchology
more popular, terse and handy.—[ Ep.

106

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE.

Ohe Conchalogists’ Erchange,

A Publication designed for Conchologists and
Scientists generally.

ISSUED MONTHLY
BY

WM. D. AVERELL,

Epitor AND PuBLisHER

#@5-Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
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Editorial Jlotes.

AN adjourned special meeting of the Concho-
logical Section of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, was held at the
Academy, on the evening of Wednesday, Feb.
20th, to provide for the continuation of the
work of Mr. George W. Tryon, Jr., its deceased
Conservator. The following members were
present, Dr. W. S. W, Ruschenberger, Direct-
Mr. John Ford, Vice-Director; Mr. S.
Raymond Roberts, Recorder; and Messrs.

or;

John H. Redfield, E. J. Nolan, M.D., Benj.
Sharp, M.D., Angelo Heilprin, John H, Camp-
bell and Wm, D. Averell. Resolutions of res-
pect (passed at a former meeting) for the late
Wim. L. Mactier,a prominent and useful mem-
ber, who died January 20th, 1888, were accept-
ed and engrossed upon the minutes. ‘That
portion of Mr. Tryon’s will providing for the
maintenance of the office of Conservator, and
of the Cabinet, was read, and its provisions
accepted. Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, formerly of the
Davenport (lowa) Academy of Natural Sciences,
was elected a member and afterwards chosen
Conservator - Action was then taken towards
the continuance of the publication of the
Manual of Conchology, Mr. Tryon’s latest
and greatest work, and Mr. Pilsbry was
elected to the position of Editor. Reports
of the Publication Committee were read,
which showed the work, so far as issued,
to be in good shape, and the Section obligated
itself to the fulfillment of the late Mr. Tryon’s
contracts with his subscribers, so far as laid in
their power. The Section then adjourned until
its regular meeting in April.

QuR readers will note a change in the title of
the interesting article upon Florida Unios, by
Dr. S. Hart Wright and Berlin H. Wright,
The descriptions will now cover the Uniones of
the entire State, which makes the article decid-
edly more comprehensive and useful,

PROFESSOR JOSIAH KEEP, the enthusiastic
Californian Conchologist and writer, has sent us
a very instructive article, which cannot fail to
please our young people, and we sincerely trust
that this branch of the service will not be neg-
lected in the frantic hunt for heavier game.

WE are at work upon an index for the first
volume of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
the first number of which we reproduce on the
second page of the cover of this number,
No. 1 of Vol. 1 was issued on a postal card,
in July, 1886, and although it has improved
since then, we need the hearty encouragement
of every scientist to make it a final success.

To those who are seeking for a first-class
investment, we would say, subscribe to THE
CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 107

Young Collectors’ Corner.

CABINET NOTES.

BY PROF, JOSIAH KEEP.

On the table before me is a drawer from my
cabinet of shells, This drawer contains a
good many species each one of which is care-
fully labelled. A few of the larger shells have
their names marked on some smooth surface,
with pen and ink, and lie loose within the
light and shallow drawer; those which are an
inch or two long are in pasteboard trays, with
the name upon a small card; the little shells,
however, are securely packed in short bottles or
glass tubes. The label is written upon a nar-
row slip of paper and is placed inside with
the shells, and then the bottle is corked.
By this arrangement the small shells are se-
cure from dust, cannot be scattered, and al-
ways haye the proper label with them Be-
sides, they take up very little space in the cab-
inet, and when they are needed it is easy to re-
move the cork and produce the shells for care-
ful examination.

For very small shells I use two drachm_ho-
meopathic vials, while for larger specimens the
small wide-mouthed morphine bottles of the
druggist are very useful. Naturalists’ tubes are
excellent, but are somewhat more expensive
than bottles,

The pasteboard trays were made for me at a
paper-box factory. They are about half an
inch deep, and are of different sizes. A good
plan is to have a small size as the standard,and
make the larger sizes just two or four times as
large. Thus the smallest ones may be an inch
and a half square; the next size is of the same
width but is three inches long, while the larg-
est ones are three inches square. In this way
they pack together very nicely, and as you will
naturally use the smallest size, as far as possi-
ble, the room is divided very economically.

As to labels, they should give the
name of the shell and the locality where it was
collected This last information is of particu-

lar value, as the name may possibly be chang-
ed, but the locality when once determined is a
fixed fact.

One of my cabinets is a simple and conven-
ient case, having two rows of drawers which
are so made that they may be easily withdrawn
and placed on the table. The slats on which
the drawers run are about four inches apart,
though a few of them are placed at a greater
disance to accommodate larger shells. A pair
of doors in front, to exclude the dust, com-
pletes the case. Such an one can be made by
any carpenter for a small sum, and the young
collector who is anxious to have a convenient
case without much expense may easily obtain
his desire.

The shells in the drawer now before me were
all found on the coast of California. Their
owners lived their little lives in the Pacific
Ocean, close tothe shore. Some of them loy-
ed to burrow in the sand, others clung to the
rocks while the waves dashed over them,
while a few preferred deeper water where they
sometimes anchored themselves to the long
stalls of the great sea-weeds. I know something
about a good many of the little creatures whose
shells are now so quiet and still in this cabinet
drawer, for I gathered them myself, and each
box or bottle brings up a long story of an early
morning walk, or an afternoon ramble, or a
tedious search, successful at last, however, and
I can almost hear the swish and gurgle and
roar of the waves as I sit here in the quiet
room. But though I remember how they were
living and where they were resting on those
same mornings, still there is not one about
which I would not like to find out a great
many more facts,—where the little mollusk
was hatched, how it looked while young, what
were its habits, how old it was and why it was
in such a place on that morning when I found
it at low tide.

Here is one that I particularly love to exam-
ine. It is‘the pretty Purple Olive-shell, Oxv-
ella biblicata, Sby.

It is about an inch in length, with smooth or
polished surface, and its color varies from pure
white to a rich bluish purple. After a long
search I found them abundantly, at the time of
the lowest tides, very early in the morning.
The little creatures have a beautiful pearl-col-

108

TEE \CONCHOLOGISTS®:

EXCHANGE.

ored body, and the mantle when extended
forms a triangular plow in front of the shell.
A breathing tube rises up between the mantle
lobes, and when the little fellow is left undis-
turbed he quickly plows his way just under the
surface of the sand, keeping up a communica.
tion with the water above through this eleyat-
ed trunk,

Here is another shell, one that I found
clinging to the rocks, down where the breakers
came in wild andhigh. It is shaped like the
bowl of a large spoon. ‘The outside is rough
and brown, and moreover it seems to have
been selected as a building site by several tiny
creatures which unhappily perished at the
same time that our mollusk lost his vitality.
But the inside of the shell is rich and dark
and glossy, and as you look at the long mus-
cle-scar you seem to see a big ow] solemnly
perched in this snug retreat. The shell is
named Lottia gigantea, Gray, but, besides its
mere name and nature, it tells me a_ story of
the hidden beauties of the sea.

There are two elements of our being which
the study of nature is fitted to develop. One
is the intellect, to which pure science appeals,
and which calmly and critically examines, de-
cides upon and then appropriates the truth as
its proper food. The other element is our
emotional nature, which rejoices in every re-
velation of beauty and which links pleasing
associations to every natural object in which
are found evidences of taste and wisdom and
skill. Happy is the young student who learns
to unite the two, who never sacrifices truth for
sentiment, but whose life grows richer and
happier as he gathers and appropriates the
wonderful facts of science.

Lxychanaes.

FREE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Offered.—300 species land, fresh-water and marine
shells in exchange for others. Correspond in Vola-
puk where possible. A. A. HINKLEY, DuBois, Il.

Will exchange a fine set of Agassiz Con. Nat.
Hist., 4 vols., 4to cloth, for old historieal works. S.
W. HUMPHREY, Dedham, Mass.

A collection of minerals, 50 varieties, for | a collec-
tion of stamps, coins or Indian relics. All letters
answered. WILL. P. ARNOLD, Shannock, R. I.

Offered.—Unio lens, subrostratus, sopus, dona-
ciformis, metanevrus, ellipsis, pustulatus, alatus.
Marg. complanata, marginata rugosa. Anodonta
fragilis, parvona, piana, grandis (said by Mr. W. A.
Marsh to be very fine and nearly typical.) Pleuro-
cera undulatum, troostii, florenceensis. Sph. trun-
catum. Lists exchanged. A printed list of Hen-
dricks county shells will be sent on application. C.
A. HARGRAVE, Danville, Ind.

arboreus, Say; viridulus,
Menke; limatulus, Ward; fulous, Drap; minuscu-
lus, Binn; Patula strigosa, Gld.; striatella, Anth.;
Helicodiscus lineatus, Say ; Ferussacia subcylindrica,
L.; Pupa muscorum, L.; blandi, Morse; fallax, Say ;
armifera, Say; Vertigo simplex, Gld.; Strobila laby-
rinthica, Say; Stenotrema monodon, Rack.; leaii,
Ward; Mesodon multilineata, Say ; clausa, Say;
Vallonia pulchella, Mull.; Suwecinea avara, Say ;
verilli, Bland; obliqua, Say, (all other Suecinea) ;
Limnea eaperata, Say; humilis, Say; desidiosa, Say:
all other Limnca resembling these; all Leptolimnea;
Helicina occulta, Say. Specimens are desired from
as many localities as possible. Jn all cases a careful
description of the habitat of each set of specimens is de-
sired. Wand, fresh-water, and marine shells are
offered in exchange. List sent on application. Vi-
viparide, Strepomatide, Pupade, and Corbiculade
are also wanted. B. SHIMEK, Iowa City, fa.

WANTED.— Zoniles

Offered.—Unio alatus, Say, plicatus, Leseuer, fra-
gosus, Con., trigonus, Lea, Maryaritana complanata,
Say, and many others, for marine shells. JOSEPH
ANDERSON, Box 1955, Muskegon, Mich.

Oftered.—70 species of inland and 50 of 1 marine
shells for other shelis, Send your list for ours,
JOHN M. HOLZINGER, Winona, Minn.

American, especially Califor nian, and “European
shells to exchange for books and papers on botany,
conchology, etc., “for other specimens. G. R. LUMS-
DEN, 54 N. Second St., Norwich, Conn.

Rare Volutes, Cypreeas, Olivas, Cones and Ss. Ameri i-
can Shells wanted. 500 duplicates offered for them.
THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia.

Wanted.—Scarce Postage Stamps.
Offered.—100 varieties of shells, named and local-
ized. T. R. SWIFT, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia,

Offered.—Land and fresh water shells from this
locality for other shells. Have about 300 of Unio
cylindricus, Say; tuberculatus, Barnes; gibbosus,

Barnes; rectus, Lam; alatus, Say; verrucosus,
Barnes; pressus, Lea; zig-zag, Lea; elegans, Lea;
gracilis, Barnes; metanevrus, Rat,; soleniformis,
Lea; complanatus, Barnes; cornutus, Barnes,

JAMES H. FERRIS, Joliet, Ll.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE,

STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY.

SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.

CONOHOLOGY.

Tryon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND
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UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for
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SPEcrAL Noricr:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s |
STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMs TIC CONCHOL-

OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA,
‘with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates,
441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition.
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.

The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS.
Mollusca. Especialfy adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement. -

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma-
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W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,
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List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Order Pholadacea
and other Papers. By GEO. W.TRYON, Jr.
Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

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Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY-
ON, JR. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid.

Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri-
‘ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY
1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol-
ogy from the fext of Milne-Edwardsand Achille-
Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30
cents pp.

Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post-
paid.

Monograph of the Terrestrial Molluses
of the United States, with illustrations ot
all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine
edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored
and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi-
tion, $8.50,

The |
latest work on California and other West Coast |

Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERIA, 49 pages,
10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris,
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatl.y’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid,

Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni-
\ valve Mollusea of the United States.
| By S.S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation
to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, Jr.; 2 vols., with muny
colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40;
with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18.

American Journal of Conchology, 186 °-
ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by
150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand
wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for
7 vols., new, complete, $25.

| Mollusea of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN-
| NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ;
134 figs.; 406 ills.; Syo. New, unused. Price, pust-
paid, $15.

Baldwin, D. D.
Islands, 9 pages, paper.

Land Shells of the Hawaiian
Price, 25 cts. post-paid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming
scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very
instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following

prices:
Vols Licomplete; . =). :sme $1 50
Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00
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Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Science and Art.
Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

Description of the Inferior Maxillary.
Bones of Mastodons. ee. 10 plates, 25
pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts.

Agassiz Methods of Study in Natural History.
327 pp. ills., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15.

The Conchologists' Exchange
CHESTNUT HILL, @
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE.

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER
SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR-
TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID
BY SENDER.

All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.
ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF

\ \ ‘*Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-

penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”
for which good prices will be paid.

15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume If,
in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con-
chological publications.

ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

~—E HLWILLIAMS. | CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,

HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES

WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, = rom sanm

Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex-
change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted

4475 MAIN STREET,

(Below Mehl.) | for De Land University.
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. BERLIN H. WRIGHT,
LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA,
Large stock of
— a | OR SALE, —ASPARAGUS ROOTS.
WATCHES, JEWELRY, 1000, $2. Will exchange shells
Peas a fen he hyine. specimens of Cactus.
&e. . Ao Hinkley, Dubois, dal.

ae ie OPTICAL GOODS,

Everything guaranteed as represented. | Wyeast HAVE YOU TQ EXCHANGE

For a Catarrh Remedy that a Fails?
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A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists

generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher.

Vol. Il. MARCH and APRIL, 1888. 7)
May % ee
Ce IN TEN eS.

PAGE.
The Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter, 5 " 109
Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells of Mercer Co., Ill., Wm. A. Marsh, 1@ fo)
Notes on the Unionidee of Florida, Dr. S. H. Wright and Berls H. W right, III
Lyogyrus, Gill, and other American shells, H. A. Pilsbry, 113
Margaritana Hildrethiana, Lea, B. Shimek, 114
Notes on American Shells, Rey. Wm. M. Beauchamp, 114
A Noted Scientist Dead (Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.) From Phila. Public Laden II5
Bell Taps, : : : : F : 116
Editorial Notes, 117
The Conchologist in Beamuded Me Matthew Tones 118
A Collecting Trip to Onset Bay, Mass., F. C. Baker, . 119
Exchanges, 3 119
Standard Works on Concho 120

CHESTNUT HILL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Single copies, 5 cents; 50 cents a year in the United States
and Canada; Foreign Countries, 62 cents; Countries not in

Universal Postal Union, 75 cents.

il DE CONCHOLOGISTS

WHAT NEXT?

Why just this. After May Ist, 1888, we
will give each subscriber sending us 50 cents,
a PREMIUM in choice

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FRESH WATER 08
MARINE SHELLS,

Make your choice of either of the three
kinds mentioned, send us 50 cents by Postal
Note, and we will send you, post-paid,

“THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE”

FOR ONE YEAR,

and a neat box containing 25 cents worth of
choice SHELLS as a Premium; or, Berlin H.
Wright’s New Check List of North American
Unionidzee and other Fresh Water Bivalves
(just issued); or, D. D. Baldwin’s Land Shells
of the Hawaiian Islands.

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Address,
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EXCHANGE.

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WEST COAST SHELLS.

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VoL. II.

CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAR. & APR., 1888.

No. 9.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF

RHODE iSLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

Chapter XLIV.

Genus Cytherea, Lam., 1805.

Distribution world wide. There are

living species and So fossils.
167.— Cytherea ( Callista) Sayiz, Conrad.
Syns :

Cytherea convexa, Say, Sowb., DeKay, Hanly,
Romer, Gld., Adams, etc.

Dione convexa, Desh., Reeve.

@allista 4“ Dall.

150

Shell oval, thin, convex ; surface dead white,
chalky ; interior milk white, polished; beaks
elevated and pointing forwards ; in front of the
beaks is a heart-shaped lunale. Length, one
and three-quarter inches ; height, one and one-
half; breadth, one inch. Inhabits from New
Jersey to Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is not an
attractive looking shell ; it appears like a small,

dead quahog. Say’s species, convexa, de- |

scribed in Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., iv,
149, 1824, was a fossil, and occurs in the mio-
cene of Maryland, North and South Carolina,
etc. Authors since have called our species by
Say’s name, supposing them to be the same,
but Conrad, in Silliman’s Jour. xxiii, 345, 1833,
described the recent species supposing them

still to be identical and named it Sayana, as he |

said Say’s name was preoccupied. In _ his
“ Cata. of Miocene Shells,’ in Proc. Phil.
Acad, Sci, xiv, 575, 1862, while recognizing
Cytherea convexa as a miocene fossil, he be-
lieves the recent species to be distinct.
two species are identical, then Mr. Say’s name
should stand, as convexa is not preoccupied in

If the |

the genus or sub-genus Callista, although it is
in Cytherea, If they are not identical, Con-
rad’s name is the properone. ‘These shells are

| not very abundant in Rhode Island; dead

shells are often found on the shores, and live
ones are dredged off Rumstick in mud.

168.— Cytherea (Gouldia) mactracea, Linsley.

| Syns :

Astarte mactracea, Linsley, Gould.
Gouldia ce Dall., Binney, Tryon.

Shell small, quadrant shaped; apex acute;
anterior margin a little concave; basal margin
rounded; surface with fourteen concentric
valves and striated between the waves by regu-
lar, minute, radiating lines. Color pale yellow-
ish green, with darker shades in fine radiation,
Length and height, each one-quarter inch ;
breadth, one-tenth.

This species was described from a single
valve, found in the stomach of a haddock, at
Stonington, Conn., by Rey. James H, Linsley,
in Silliman’s Jour,, xlviii, 275, 1845, (name
only), and by Dr. A. A. Gould, in the same
journal, 233, Sept. 1848. Since dredged in
New Bedford Harbor (Prime & Stimpson).
Huntington and Greenport, (C. Smith), Prof.
Verrill says: ‘ Florida and northern shores of
the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod. Common,
living and of large size, in Vineyard Sound and
Buzzard’s Bay, especially at Wood’s Holl, 3
to 10 fathoms.”’ It has not yet been found in
Rhode Island.

SUB-FAMILY MEROEINA‘) Not repre-
sented in the
SUB-FAMILY TAPESINA® USS:

Sub-family Dosiniinze contains four living
genera and four fossil, represented in New
England by one species.

169.—Tottenia gemma, Totten, 1834.
Syns :

Venus gemma, Totten, Gld., DeKay, Wood,
Sby., etc.

IIO

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS » EXCHANGE:

Gemma Toiteni, Stimp.

Cyrena purpurea, H. C. Lea,

Gemma gemma, Desh., Chenu., Adams, Dall.,
etc.

‘Tottenia gemma, Perkins.

Venus Manhattensis, Prime.

Shell small, nearly circular, beaks central,
slightly elevated ; surface shining, covered with
very minute concentric lines; color white, the
posterior portion purple inside and out. Length,
three-twentieths of an inch; height, one-eighth;
breadth, one-sixteenth. Inner margin crenu-
lated. inhabits from South Carolina to Lab-
rador.

This shell seems to combine the hinge of
a Venus, the external appearance of a Circe
and the deep angular mantle bend ofa Dosinia.
Although the first settlers observed this curious
little gem and sent home specimens of it to
England, no one seems to have taken the
trouble to describe it, until Col. Joseph G. Tot-
ten, finding it at Newport, R. I., gave a de-
scription of it in Silliman’s Jour, xxvi, 367, 1834,
under the name of Venus gemma, Deshayes,
in 1853, Catal. Brit. Mus., separated the genus
Gemma from Venus. The same objections to
this name exist as those given under Venus
mercenaria. Dr. Perkins, in the ‘‘ Molluscan
Fauna of New Haven,” proposed the Genus
Tottenia, which I have used in this work.

The variety Manhattensis was found near
Hell Gate, N. Y., by Temple Prime, who de-
scribed it as a new species in Ann. N. Y. Sye.
Nat. Hist., vil, 482, 1852. He made it a new
species on the ground that the interior of the
shell was white and the exterior straw color,
and the shape of the shell being more triangu-
lar, It is extremely abundant in Rhode Island,
and is found in our bay, from circular to trian-
gular through all its grades of shape; some
specimens are pure white; others with the pur-
ple posterior ; same with the anterior and base
rose colored and some of a beautiful amethystine
purple all over, inside and outside,

FAMILY GLAUCOMYIDA.
Absent from our fauna (Asiatic),

( Zo be continued.)

SUBSCRIBE now and get a premium.

BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND
FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER-
CER CO., ILL.

BY WILLIAM A. MARSH.

gi.—Limnaea humilis, Say.

Shell ovate-conic, thin, translucent. Slight-
ly wrinkled, whirls from five to six, convex, ter-
minal whirl very minute, often absent, sutures
indented, labrum covered with a calcareous de- °
posit, umbilicus distinct, color varying from
reddish brown to yellowish white. ‘This is
a common species throughout the northern
tier of States, but rather rare in this coun-
try. It is found sparingly in small ponds and
wet, marshy places throughout the whole length
of our county, especially along Pope and
Edwards Creeks, also about springs along all
our inland sloughs. Often found associated
with Lizmnwa desidiosa and issometimes difficult
to separate from the species. How long this spe-
cies may remain buried in the mud, I cannot
tell, but I have ponds on my land that have
remained dry for three years at a stretch and
the fourth year fillmg up with water in which
the little Zzmn@a humilis were found appar-
ently as abundant as ever.

92.— Limnea parva, Lea,

Shell subturreted, thin, smooth, diaphanous,
horn color. Subperforated, spire elevated, su-
tures impressed, whirls five, convex aperture,
elliptical. This very minute species I find
about perennial springs, sometimes in water
troughs, and cattle tanks, very remote trom
any ponds or sloughs. I have often
found this little species clinging to the moss
collected on the sides of my horse trough,

at my barn well, which is nowhere
near any pond or slough. How they
happened to be found here remains

a mystery to me. I have also found this spe-
cies in considerable numbers about the margins
of small basins on my lands that had been dry
for three or four years.

93.—Limnea curta, Lea.

Shell subturreted, thin, shining, diaphanous.
whirls five to six, terminal whirl very minute,
body whirl inflated, yellow aperture, small,

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

elliptical, perforate, columella thickened and
reflected over the perforation. I found this
shell in 1879, quite plenty in a slough in Green
Township, in this county, crawling over flat
slabs of coal measure limestone, a short dis-
tance below Blaine’s coal shaft. At the time
I supposed them to be Amnicolas and only
secured about forty specimens. I have looked
the same locality over many times since and
have failed to be rewarded with a single speci-
men. This should prove a warning to shell
collectors. When you have an opportunity to

secure a shell do not defer it until a more con- |

venient season, for very likely it will never
come.

Genus Physa. Draparnaud.
94.—Physa gyrina, Say.

Shell heterostrophic, oblong, rather solid,
whirls from five to six, gradually acuminating
to an acute apex, sutures slightly impressed,
labrum slightly thickened, spire elongated.
This very common and well-known species is
known to inhabit a very wide area of country,
having a distribution from Vermont to Utah,
also found in most of the Southern States. It
‘is our most common species, being found in all
the sloughs and lakes of the Mississippi River
bottom ; along all the creeks that flow through
our county above the river bluffs, and also in
our small ponds and basins, in many places
associated with Physa heterostropha. It va-
ries considerably in color, size and texture, be-
ing much lighter in color and much more solid
in the river bottom than it is above the bluffs.
This species is very active both in walking and
gliding along on the surface of the waters,
shell downward. This very remarkable species
puts in an appearence very early inthe Spring,
and can endure a considerable degree of cold

In the month of April I have watched its mo-
tions through the ice, sufficiently thick to bear
up a man, and have seen it in vast numbers
crawling around on the bottom of shallow

‘ponds. Full of motion and life it remains
with us much later in the season than Limnzea
as I have found fine specimens in October.

95:—Physa heterostropha, Say.

Shell sinistral, subovate, color pale yellow,
chestnut brown to reddish wine color; whirls
five, body whirl large, the others small, termin-

ating abruptly to an acute apex; aperture large,
oval, within pearly, often blackish ; lip thicken-
ed, sometimes tinged with red. ‘This species
has even a much greater distribution than
gyrina, being found in the British possessions, all
over the United States, and even in Mexico.
Here it is much less common than eyr7za,
rarely found above the Mississippi River
bluffs. It is, however, found in all the lakes
and sloughs of the river bottom, often associ-
ated with gy7z7za. Both the gyrina and heteros-
tropha as found here are very variable, yet it is
by no means likely that those variable forms
are more than varieties of those two protean
species.

Genus Planorbis. Guettard.
SUB-GENUS HELISOMA, SWAINSON.
96.— Planorbis (felisoma) trivolvis, Say.

Shell, pale yellow to light horn color, often
chestnut brown, sub-carinate above and be-
neath, whirls three to four, striate across, with
fine raised equidistant, acute lines, forming
grooves between them, spire concave, aperture
large, lip a little thickened internally, and of a
red or brownish color; vaulted above, umbili-
cus large, exhibiting the volutions. ‘This spe-
cies probably inhabits all North America, as far
south as Mexico, and of course throughout this
vast extent of country presents many vyaria-
ations. ‘The typical form is not very common
in our county, but seems to be found rather
sparingly in all stations where there is water.

To be Continued.

NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA OF
FLORIDA.

BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT.

Unio granulatus, Lea, Sig., little grains,

R=—=5 0}

Shell thin, about an inch long. and resembles
U. parvus, Bar. On the beaks, and about 4%
inch out, there are several concentric undula-
tions or granules, giving the appearance of
folds. Epidermis dark olive, generally rayless
and generally sulcate in front. Found in
Manatee River, on the west coast of Florida,
by Mr. C. T. Simpson. An Alabama shell.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE.

Unio Je vettit, Lea, Sig., personal name for
Col. E. Jewett, R=58.

Shell oblong, smooth, rather inflated, very
inequateral; rather thin, brownish; faintly
rayed with distant marks of growth. ‘The epi-
dermis is scaly, like that of U. Blandingianus
and obesus. ‘The posterior slope is wide and
raised into a sharp carina, which descends to-
wards the beaks. Nacre white, with salmon
near the margin. Lateral teeth very long,
lamellar ; cardinal teeth small. Lake Wood-
ruff and Lake Beresford, Fla.

Unio Kleinianus, Lea, Sig., personal name for
J. T. Klein, a Prussian naturalist, who died
in 1759, R=75.

Shell nearly oval, plicated irregularly be-
tween the lines of growth; color dark brown,
polished. Posterior slope large, with a high
abrupt carina. Umbonial ridge angular. Beak
inflated, posterior margin truncated, cavity deep,
nacre white. Habitat, Suwanee River, Fla.

Unio lepidus, Gould, Sig., elegant, R54.

Shell elongated, ovate, thin, ventricose, very
inequilateral, oblique: disc olivaceous, scarcely
radiated; umbos tumid. Anterior margin
rounded, posterior margin arcuate ; cardinal
teeth erect, lamellar, fimbriated ; lateral teeth
straight, acute Nacre silvery white, iridescent
transverse. Axis 23 inches long. Lake
Monroe, Fla.

Its affinity is very close to U. ¢rosculus, Lea,
but is Zexger, more fragile, and cardinal teeth
more compressed.

Unio minor, Lea, Sig., little, R=g2.

The largest specimens we find are 1.3 inches
wide, .8 long, and .56 diameter. Shell elliptical
when mature, and obovate when young ; very
inequilateral ; inflated below the umbos ; near-
ly black or olive-green above, not polished,
finely striated, with transmitted light a yellowish
brown color is noticed. Faint rays are some-
times seen. ‘The back view is that of an acute
isosceles triangle, like that of U. dectsus, Lea.
Umbonial ridge nearly obsolete ; cardinal teeth
not bifurcate, many pitted, A distinct cicatrix
(the third) may be seen on the side of the front
portion of the cardinal teeth. This character
is peculiar, and is seen in U7, ¢rosczlus, Lea, in
nearly the same position. No other North

American species of Unio, it is believed, will
show such a cicatrix. Habitats Lake Wood-
ruff, Lake Beresford, and found by Mr. C. T,
Simpson, near Manatee River, on the west side
of Florida.

U. modioliformis, Lea, Sig., like the Modiolus
in outline, which is a genus of marine bi-
valves, so named from their resemblance to
a small drinking vessel of the ancients,

Shell smooth, obovate, very narrow in front,
broadly rounded behind, and sometimes slightly

| emarginate on the basal margin, inflated, thin,

translucent, brown, grayish-black, or lutescent.
Rays usually present and mostly on the poster-
ior half. Lines of growth many and close.
Nacre thin, cream color or white, mingled with
purple. The lateral teeth are slender, long
and almost on the very margin of the dorsum.
This is a South Carolina species, but we found
itin Lake Beresford, and elsewhere in Florida.
Lea gives this shell as a sample of the obovate
form in page xxvii of the Introductory Chapter
of his Synopsis, and yet he classifies it
with the ovate shells on page 44. L. C. 4th.
Edition. His type was 2.7 inches transversely.
We have not found any as large as that, but
have specimens, apparently mature, much
smaller.
(Zo be Continued.)

Prof. Faber, of Germany, has invented pen-
cils for writing upon glass, porcelain and met-
als, in red, white or blue The pencils are
made of four parts of spermaceti, three of tal-
low, and two of wax, to which he adds six
parts of either red lead, white lead, or Prussian
blue, according to the color desired,

RECOLLECT that on and after May Ist, 1888,
all new subscribers, and all old subscribers re-
newing their subscriptions, will receive a choice
of three premiums, viz: Ist, 25 cents worth of
Choice Shells ; 2d, a free copy of Berlin H.
Wright’s New Check List of Fresh Water bi-
valves of North America; 3d, a free copy of.
D. D. Baldwin’s Land Shells of Hawaiian
Islands.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

1¥3

LYOGYRUS, GILL, AND OTHER
AMERICAN SHELLS

BY H. A, PILSBRY, PHILA., PA.

The genus Lyogyrus was established in
1862 for the single species Valvata pupoidea
Gld. Its distinctive characters as stated by

Mr. Gill, are found in the elongated form and |

last whorl loose from the preceding. From this
last character the shell receives its name, Zyo
(zo) meaning loose in the Greek,
this in order to correct a false etymology, Zzo-
gyrus, that-has found its way into print.

This group has been referred to Valvatide
as a subgenus of Va/vata by Binney, Tryon,
Fischer and others who have treated of it.
Upon examining specimens in the Academy col-

lection recently, I ascertained the dentition to |

be Amnicoloid. The operculum is multispiral,
and similar to that of Va/vata, These peculi-
arities are sufficient to give generic rank to the
group, which may be placed next to 4m-
nicola in the system. ‘Tryonin 1883, and Fis-
cher in 1885, referred /e¢erocyclus, Crosse, to
this genus. Itis hardly worth while to specu-
late upon this point until the dentition of the
new Caledonian form is examined,

A single species, 2. pupoides, Gld., is known.
The form recently described as Z. Lehnerti
has no affinity with the present genus, but is
simply a monstrosity of Amzzcola, possessing
paucispiral operculum and other characters of
that genus. Such distorted shels are of not
infrequent occurrence, and their characters
having no constancy, of ever varietal rank can
be given them.

Although American Conchologists have not
been finding “new species” of fresh water
shells in the Eastern States for the last decade
or two, Continental writers, with delicious cool-
ness, continue to describe ‘‘ novelties” from
Massachusetts, Maryland, and other well-
known localities.

In regard to another late edition to the nom-
enclature of U.S. shells, we may note that in
place of Zrtodopsis Harfordiana, W.G, Bin-
ney (preoc in //e/zx), Mr. Tryon, in Sept.
1887. proposed the name of /. Sa/monensis.
This will of course take precedence over the
name 7. commutanda, Ancey, 1888.

I mention |
| and specific names recently proposed.

Another of these ‘‘new species ” is the Va/-
vata mergella, \Vesterlund, described last year
from Alaska. This is nothing more than the
striate variety of V. stzcera, Say. The species
frequently in the north exhibits strong rib-like
strize; and indeed the names I. s¢r?atew, Lewis,
and V. Lezwz7st Currier, were applied to this very
form,

The fact that the nomenclature of our
American shells is becoming so over-burdened
with synonyms will perhaps justify me in offer-
ing a few additional remarks on useless generic

In an article in Ze Waturaliste, in which
certain of Mr, H. Crosse’s genera are rudely

| handled, Mr, C. F. Ancey, proposes for the
| Physa (“ Paludina”’) scalaris, Jay, the subgen-

eric name of “ 7hompsonia.” And, scalaris
being preoccupied in Physa, changes the name
of the species also, so as to stand /hysa@
( Thompsonia) carinifera, Ancey. We will now
analyze this result. That this Floridan species
is not a Physa was long ago recognized by one
of the foremost of American Conchologists,
who, in an admirable revision of the Limnue-
zde, placed it in the exotic group Ameria.
From a study of alcoholic material and very
numerous specimens of the shells, I find that
the real position of the species is in P/anorbzs,
and that some of its varieties are exceedingly
close to the Planorbis Duryt, Wetherby. We
may consider sca/arvzs to be a lengthened form
of the section of Planoréis known as fYelisoma,
So much for the generic reference. In view of
these indisputable facts, Zompsonta becomes
asynonym of /e/isoma. But even if it were
distinct, we could not use the name, because it
has long been in use in Zoélogy for a univers-
ally accepted genus. And since, so far as I
can ascertain, sca/aris is not preoccupied in
Planorbis, that name may still stand for the
species, with carzzzfera as a synonym.

Academy of Natural Sciences, Feb., 1888.

Prof. Cattell, of the University of Penna.,
read a paper recently before the Aristotelian
Society, at London, on ‘ The Psychological
Laboratory at Leipzig.”” The paper appeared
in January AZ.

114

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. '

MARGARITANA HILDRETHIANA (LEA.)

BY B. SHIMEK, C, E., IOWA CITY, IOWA.

Many of our species of A/o//usca are consid-
ered rare simply because, seeking secluded or
almost inaccessible places, they are seldom
found by those who are unfamiliar with their
habits.

Judging from the notes which have come
under the writer’s observation, as well as from
his own experience, Margaritana Hildrethiana
(Lea) is one of these species. During the
Summer of 1887 this species was found in such
numbers, and under such peculiar circum-
stances, in the Iowa River, Iowa City, that a
note of it may be of interest.

Living specimens of this species were first
discovered after the great overflow of the
Iowa River, in 1881, when one of our mill
ponds was drained by a washout. ‘These
specimens were found burrowing in the mud
under large stones in such a position that to
get them it was necessary in most cases to re-
move the stones. Careful search at different
times after this brought nearly 200 specimens
to light, which was considered a very large
set.

During the past Summer, however, a search
on the rocky bottom of the Iowa River, west
of the city, was rewarded by the discovery of
several thousand specimans of this species in
good condition and of all sizes, Nearly all of
these specimens were found in quiet water bur-
rowing wder large slabs of limestone in soft
mud, so that to secure the specimens it was
necessary to turn the slabs over. Some con-
ception of their abundance may be found from
the fact that under a single slab measuring 16
by 18 inches, three hundred and twenty-four
specimens were found! It may be remarked
that the river was very low during the past
year, and the place was thus made easily ac-
cessible. No doubt the species exists under
like conditions in other localities, and this note
is offered with the hope that it may lead to its
discovery in like abundance where now it is
considered rare.

January 25, 1888.

NOTES ON AMERICAN SHELLS.

BY REV. WM. M. BEAUCHAMP.

The various notes on American shells in the
COoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, are becoming
of great value, especially some of those
on the Unionidze, on which the average col-
lector finds it more difficult to get reliable in-
formation than on any other. It would be a
real boon if the CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE
could give serviceable descriptions of the spe-
cies of this great group. Our difficulty is the
incessant variations in all land and fresh water
shells in America; a difficulty which I think
Mr. Ancey hardly appreciates. I have always
found U. pressus (Lea) a dark green shell with
rays, but Mr. Benedict, of Syracuse, N. Y.,
has given me some from Jefferson County, N.
Y., which are orange color and without rays.
I have U. complanatus (Sol.) so different in
form, size, and color, that they would certainly
have been called different species had they
been found far apart. A radius of five miles
will not allow oftheir separation. Yet ahighly
alated specimen from Onondago Lake agrees
with no description, and a long compressed
specimen, with beaks nearly terminal, from the
Erie Canal, seems widely separated from the
short, swollen valves of some neighboring
streams.

Helix albolabris (Say) varies more than
many suppose. The shell may be thin or
thick, dentate or not, even in the same locality,
but the adult specimens that I have collected
at the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence,
and the Thimble Islands of Long Island Sound,
are more elevated than, and about half the size
of, the normal shell. In the same situations
LH. thyroides (Say) is small. J%elantho decisus
(Say) varies greatly in adjoining waters, and
the same thing is true of many shells.

Some years ago I announced the discovery of
Bythinia tentaculata (Lin.) at Oswego, N. Y.,
and soon after found it sparingly in the Erie
Canal at Syracuse. It has now become the
most abundant shell inthe canal in that vicinity.
I collected, last Spring, on a gravelly bottom
in the canal, favorable to Goniobasts Virginica
and Zivescens, but found only dead shells of
these, while every stone was occupied by the

- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

115

Bythinias. I think they devoured the food of
the others, and so starved them out. The
American shells in this way were yielding to
foreign invaders. ‘The latter thrive here and
better specimens can now be had in New York
than in Europe.

Though Carychium exiguum (Say) belongs
to low lands, I have found it at the base of
lime-stone cliffs, and other shells may as unex-
pectedly occur.

A NOTED SCIENTIST DEAD.

GEORGE W. TRYON, JR., THE EMINENT CON-
CHOLOGIST, AND HIS WORK FOR SCIENCE.

George W. Tryon, Jr., whose death occured
on Sunday afternoon, February 5th, 1888, was,
since the death of Mr. Lea, the most prominent
conchologist in this country, if not in the world,
and his loss will be severely felt, not merely in
this city, but wherever natural history is
studied.

He was the son of the well-known gun-
smith of this city, Edward K. Tryon, and was
born in the Northern Liberties, on Green Street,
between Front and Second, May 20, 1838.
His education was gained at Friends’ school,

and at an early age he engaged in business with |

his father and brother ‘The lack of collegiate
education he amply made up in later life by
private study. His early years were devoted
assiduously to his business and to his studies,
and his attention having been concentrated on
natural history, and especially on the study of
shells, he withdrew in 1867 from business in
order to devote himself solely to his favorite
pursuit. A man of untiring energy and perse-
verance, he soon became eminent in this do-
main of science. His first paper was published
in the proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences for 1881, under the title “‘On the
Mollusca of Harper’s Ferry, Virginia”? In
1865 he established the “American Journal of
Conchology,”’ of which seven annual volumes
were issued. ‘To this, and to the proceedings
of the Academy he contributed numerous pa-
pers, numbering at the end of 1873 no less than
64 contributions to this favorite science, all show-
ing characteristic accuracy of detail and patient

research. In addition to these papers he also
issued a bibliography of American Writers on
Conchology in 1861; a “ Monograph of the
Fresh Water Univalve Mollusca of the United
States,’ in continuation of Haldeman’s work
on the same subject; a “Synonymy of the
Species of Strepomatide,” in 1865; a ‘“* Mono-
graph of the Terrestrial Mollusca inhabiting
the United States,’’ 1866; an “American Ma-
rine Conchology,” 1873; the third volume of
the ‘‘Land and Fresh Water Shells of the
United States,”’ published by the Smithsonian
Institution, and a “ Structural and Systematic
Conchology,” in two volumes, issued in 1883.
The latter is a magniflcent work, profusely il-
lustrated, but was only preliminary to the
crowning work of his life, which, unhappily,
he has been unable to finish, This was his
* Manual of Conchology, Structural and Syste-
matic,” of which the first volume appeared in
1879, and of which nine volumes of the first
series, on marine shells, and three of the sec-
ond, on land she'ls, have been issued. It is no
exaggeration to say that this is the most exten-
sive systematic work on any branch of natural
science which has yet appeared in the United
States. The amount of labor involved in the
preparation of such a monograph can only be
appreciated by those familiar with the vast

collections at the Academy of Natural
Sciences, which formed its basis and
the ever-increasing literature of con-

chology, with which it had to keep pace.
Four lithographic artists and ten or twelve col-
orists were constantly engaged in the prepara-
tion of the beautiful illustrative plates, while
the author’s entire time was devoted with in-
defatigable industry in the preparation of the
regularly issued text. The reliability of the
work was at once recognized on the appearance
of the first number, and it is gratifying to be
able to states that the enterprise met with an
encouragment which was most gratifying to the
author, and stimulated him to continual
exertion,

But his literary industry did not prevent him
from serving the Academy of Natural Sciences
in many other ways. Elected a member of the
Academy in June, 1859, he was conservator of
the Conchological Section from the latter’s
formation in 1866, and was Secretary of the

116

Board of Trustees of the Building Fund of the
Academy, to which he contributed $3000, He
was curator of the Academy from January,
1869, to July, 1876, this period covering the
time when the institution was removed from
Broad and Sansom to its present location.
Much of the labor and responsibility of this re-
moval rested on Mr. Tryon, who gave up his
whole time to the work. It is impossible to
enumerate all the services for which the Acad-
emy is indebted to Mr. Tryon’s self-sacrificlng
spirit. His greatest service was undoubtedly
given to the branch of science to which his
whole life was devoted. On the upper floor of
the Academy museum is arrayed a collection
of shells, which is stated to be one-third larger
than that of the British Museum, the only
other collection with which it can be compared.
This collection was largely the gift of Mr. Try-
on, and its beautiful arrangement is wholly his
work. As the visitor passes along the rows of
cases, which seem endless, he sees displayed
betore him a representation of the conchology
of the world. Scarcely a known species of all
the tens of thousands described is missing, and
the arrangment is such that any particular
species may be found at once with its congeners
about it. The library of the Academy has re-
cently been described in these columns.
Speaking of this particular branch, the article
said: ‘On conchology the library contains, it
is believed, every important title ever published
on that subject. The collection has been very
much increased by George W. Tryon, Jr., who
gave his own valuable library, and has kept up
full knowledge on the subject by his important
work, ‘The Manual of Conchology,’’ which
has exhausted the bibliography of the subject.

Mr. Tryon was also well known in musical
circles, He edited for Lee & Sheppard a
pamphlet series of operas, which is very popu-
lar, and essayed on several occassions original
music work, including an opera.

Mr. Tryon’s death was very unexpected, and
appears to have resulted from heart failure.
He was seized about a week ago with what
appeared to be an attack of asthma, from which

he seemed recovering, when he was again sud- |

denly attacked, and died on Sunday afternoon.

—Phila. Public Ledger, of Feb. 7th, t888.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

BELL TAPS.

THE Rey. Hiram C. Hayden, a graduate of Am-
herst, has been chosen President of Adelbert College.

HARVARD receives Dr. Asa Gray’s copyrights and
collections of photographs.

Mr. JABEZ P. PENNINGTON, of Newark, N. J, and
a graduate of Princeton, Class of ’23, died March 27,
aged 86.

Mr. ANDREW LANG, hasbeen chosen for the Gifford
Lectureship at St. Andrew’s University, Edinburgh.

Hon. C. W. WoopMAN, a prominent graduate of
Dartmouth College, died recently, aged 78.

RicHarD E. KEMBLE, the oldest living graduate of
Columbia College (Class of 718), died recently, aged
88 years.

Pror. N. E. Crospy, of Columbia College, recently
returned from Greece, where he has been for a year
or more in learning the modern Grecian tongue.

A. AuGust PortER, who died March 15th, was an
Amherst graduate, and guined prominence for his
vigilance as U.S. Consul at Clifton, Ontario, during
the war.

THe Philadelphia Social Science Association will
soon issue a2 monograph on Chairs of Pedagogics in
our Colleges and Universities, by Prof. E. T. James, of
the University of Pennsylvania.

Mrs. Lucy M. MrircHeELL, who died in Berlin,
March 10, was the author of History of Ancient Sculp-
ture, (New York. 1883) had gained part of her educa-
tion at Mount Holyoke Seminary.

THREE names, well-known in the United States,
are mentioned in connection with the vacant Chair
of Botany in the University of Edinburgh: viz.:
Professors Balfour of Glasgow, McNab of Dublin, and
Traill of Aberdeen.

Pror. JEREMIAH TINGLEY, of Alleghany Collars
has been chosen to succeed Prof. Hugo Blanck, in the
Chair of Chemistry, at the Western Pennsylvania
Medical College.

ProF. VON HELMHOLTZ has been appointed Presi-
dent of the Imperial Physico-Technical Institute, at
Charlottenburg, Prussia.

Your attention is directed to the Premium Offers
on second page of cover. We have several thousand
shells which we will distribute in this way to all
subscribers sending us 50 cents after May 1, 1888.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 117

in exchange should be determined by

Bhe Srcehctonists cine: | their rarity, condition and history.
Should a shell be rare it cannot be rea-

A Publication designed for Conchologists and | sonably expected for a common one. A

Scientists generally.
ISSUED MONTHLY

WM. D. AVERELL,

Epitor AND PuBLisHER

8a Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as
reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca,
their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all.

Matter for publication must be received by the
tenth of each month.

Draw Money Orders upon Station H, Philadel- |
phia, Pa.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

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ADVERTISING RATES.

Vapi Cliteesscndesececocovees 20) | La Chiseeeesecerernsnscesse $ .50
1 4nch, 3 months....... 1.00 | 44 column, 1 month, 2.00
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Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as
second-class matter.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW
DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE
DATE ON WRAPPER.

Editorial Zlotes.

SEVERAL communications have been re-
ceived asking us for our opinion upon what we
shall term the Standard of Exchange. What
shells to exchange, and how to exchange them
to the best advantage, must be determined by
the owners, while the number and quality of
specimens to be sent must be regulated by the

| genera, such as Mya,

number and quality of specimens to be received;
that is self-evident. The relative value of shells

Scalaria pretiosa would not be traded evenly,
by a well-informed collector, for a Purpura
hemostoma, simply because, as values run, shells
such as these are greatly different i in price. And
so with all shells, concessions should be made
and extra specimens sent by the collector offer-
ing ordinary shells for rarer ones. A reliable
price list will be of great aid in adjusting ex-
changes. Condition is also a very important
preliminary to atrade, as no one wants poor
shells, and everybody wants good ones. There
are occasions, however, when a poor shell is
| far more valuable than a good one, simply be-
cause of its rarity and value for study. In the
case of rare bivalves a single valve is accepta-
ble to many collectors who value true science
above mere show and who prefer half a shell
to none at all. Therefore, condition, while
exceedingly important in exchanging, must de-
pend upon rarity in many cases ; ‘while in a
moral sense, and everything else being equal,
it is both wise and safe to treat your corres-
pondents liberally, and to send them as good
shells as theysend you. So far as possible
shells sent in trade should have the epidermis,
and should be free from borings, cracks and
scratches. Bivalves should be matched, with
hinge entire, and when belonging to the gaping
Pholas, Petricola, etc.,
should have as much of the mantle preserved
as possible; teeth perfect, and umbones, unless
naturally eroded, entire. Univalves should
have the spire intact unless zaturally decollated
as in many Melanias, Viviparas, etc.; the
operculum should be provided where possible;
and in all cases the body-whorl should be en-
tire and wot filed. Wy the history of a shell
we mean its name and location and other data
which is ordinarily } laced upon a label. Col-
lectors offering shells with complete and accur-
ate histories can com:nand better trades than
those having the material without that ad-
vantage. In these days of hurry we all want
to save as much time as possible and readily
recognize the importance of trading with those
having desirable shells, in good condition, and
provided with reliable histories.

118

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE.

Young Collecfors’ Corner.

The Conchologist in Bermuda:

BY J. MATTHEW JONES.

Each year, when the Autumn days return,
and the sear and tinted leaves fall before the
chilly blast, how often do we sigh in memory
of ‘*the days of auld lang syne” when the
pleasant balmy breezes of the “still vex’d
Bermoothes ”’ kindly fanned us as we roamed
along the coral strand, or traversed the half-
submerged reef, laved by the tepid waters of
the Gulf Stream, without whose aid those fair
isles would not have been. Yes, if the con-
chologist could only command the wild bird’s
wing and flit from the rude north to the gentle
south at his own sweet will, one flight would
assuredly be to those dear old ocean isles
where many a happy day was spent bagging
the numerous specimens now stored away
among our many treasures and valued more
highly than purest gold:

Perhaps no locality in the wide world could
present a more charming and interesting field
to the conchologist, or perhaps we should say
the general marine zoologist, than the Bermu-
das, for apart from the consideration that the

position of the place is so remote from any |
other terresterial formation, the chances of ob-

taining by thorough search, extremely rare and
in several cases entirely new forms gives a
smack ofexcitment to every day’s investigations

wholly unknown to the collector working on |

well known and exhausted shores.

First to attract the collector’s attention are
the Littorinas, here represented by northern
forms, whose original habitat was the Carib-
bean Sea, ZL. muricata and L. dilatata are
by far the most numerous, while Z. scadra
occurs in some abundance in the mangrove
swamps, those sheltered inlets where the cu-
rious matted roots of that tropical tree sink
deep into the rich mud watered by the flow of
each coming tide. ZL. z2czac, although not rare,
is yet not common, and Z. mauritiana, which

we think may prove to be but a variety of
2iczac, 1s very rare.

The Neritas come next, Verita fessellata
being especially abundant. AV. felovonta, com-
monly called “ bleeding tooth,” is not by any
means common, and the collector may consider
himself lucky if he gets a dozen good specimens
in his day’s ramble. The mollusca appears to
be gregarious, for it is rarely to be found singly,
generally two or three together, and sometimes
the minute young with them. Numbers of the
dead shells of JV. ¢esse/lata are tenanted by
hermit crabs, and the little rock pools at low
tide are rendered quite animated by the move-
ments of these crustaceans carrying their bur-
dens hither and thither, while the larger hermit
crabs occupy the 777bo pica shells, and seem
to keep away from the reach of the tide, and
mounting in some cases even the higher ground
of the cliffs, some fifteen or twenty feet above
the sea,

Occasionally after a northerly storm, when
the bays and inlets become filled with a solid
mass of gulf weed (Sayanum bucciferum) the
floating Janthina of two species comzmnis and

globosa occur in myriads of all sizes, and with

them and of the same lovely violet, the oblique
bellela, of which whole fleets are stranded on
the shelving rocks of the northern shore

The Limpets are represented by /ésszzel/a
barbadensis and Siphonaria brunnea, the latter
in great abundance adhering to the smooth
water-worn shore rocks near high water mark,
while the former shelter themselves underneath
the tubular rocks or wherever they are not
exposed to the force of the raging waters.
Chiton squamosus occurs in great abundance,
lining the smooth water worn sides of the chan-
nels and indentations of the shore rocks between
tidal marks. Old and young are massed to-
gether. The largest I have ever taken measured
5 inches in length by 2 inches, 3% lines in
breadth. It is called ‘‘suck-rock’’ by the
natives.

( Zo be continued.)

Don’? forget to tell your friends that THE
CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE is alive and well,
and that for 50 cents they can read it for one
year, and get the choice of 3 fine Premiums.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -

EXCHANGE. 11g

Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE:

Sir—Thinking it might be of interest to the read- |

ers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, I give you
herewith the result of one hours collecting at Onset
Bay, Massachusetts:

Urosalpinx cinerea, Say, . . 50 specimens.
fupleuwra caudata, Say,. . . . . 4A :

Fulgur carica, Gmelin, a, lO
Sycolypus cunuliculatusy oo 8 “
Phrontis vibex, Say, 15 ‘
Tritia trimtatta, Say, 50 oa
Tlyanassa obsoleta, Say, , 50 ee
Mitrelia lwnata, Say, . 100 i
Neverita duplicata, Say, 15 ef
Crepidula conveaxa, Say,. 25 i
fornicata, Linn,. 30 as
Litiorina palliaia, Say, 25 S
Me littorea, Linn, 50 if

Biltiwm nigrum, Stimp, . .. .
Triforis nigrocinctus, Adams, .

Colliselia testudinalis, Mull, . . . 3
Chetopleura apiculatus, Say,. . . 2 i

Melampus bidentatus, Say, 20)
Ensatella Americana, Gould, . . 10 se
Solecurtus gibbus, Spengler, . . . 5
Macoma fusca, Say, ; seus B25 re
Crassivenus mercenaria, Linn, 10 ss
Mya arenaria, Lind,. . ... 20 “
Argina pexrata, Say, 20 os

They were mostly live specimens.

Specimens of Mitredla lwnata were very plentifu
upon the sea-weed, from which I collected them by
seraping with a small piece of wood, from the sea-
weed upon a large flat rock, and thence into a small
bottle.

The specimens of Phrontis vibex seemed to forma
small colony, and were only found in a small space
about one foot square, and nowhere else in the bay.

Fulger carica and cunaliculatus were very large,
handsome specimens, averaging from six to seven
inches in length.

' Lalso wish to report the finding of a specimen of
Se ga crispata, Linn, at Newport, R. I., which
escaped the ever watchful eye of Mr. Carpenter.

This is the first specimen of Zirphea crispata
which has tomy knowledge been found in Rhode
Island; they are found at Nahant Beach, Mass.,
very large and fine; my specimen is a very small
one, but perfect in every respect. Length, '4 inch;

height, 5-16
Providence, R. I., Ap. 23, 1888. F. C. BAKER.

It is said that Herr Ladewigg, a German,
has invented a paper that resists the action of
both fire and water. It is composed of 25
parts of asbestos fibre, with from 25 to 30 parts
of aluminum sulphate, after which the mixture
is moistened with chloride of zine and thor-
oughly washed in water. It is then treated
with a solution of 1 part of resin soap in 8 to
10 parts of a pure aluminum sulphate, after
which it is made into paper in the usual way,

| any other county of the United States.

| Helicinuw oceulta, Say

day tpauges.
FREE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

in return for those of
WM. R.
San Francisco,

Shells of San Francisco Co.

ECKART, JR., 2906 California St.,
Cal.

Offered.—Land, fresh water and marine shells.
(recent and fossil) ; Puncium
Pygmaeum, Drap; Pupa Blandi, Morse (fossil);
Marg. Hildrethiana, Lea; Acmea testudinalis, Mull;
ete. ete.

Wanted—Sirepomatide, Viviparide,
Pupade, Succinea Corbiculade,
SHIMEK, Iowa City, Ia.

Limnaeide,
Unionidaec.. B.

Wanted—Land shells of Florida and Texas.

Offered —50 species of California Marine, 150
species of Foreign Land and Marine Shells. G. W.
MICHAEL, cae “Morro, Cal.

fra-
trigonus, Lea, Marvaritana complanata,
JOSEPH

Oflered.—Unio mate Say, plicatus, Leseuer,
g6sus, Con.,
Say, and many others. for marine shells.
AN DERSON, Box 1955, eee ae Mich.

Offered.—70 species of inland and 50 of marine
shells for other shelis. Send your list for ours.
JOHN M. HOLZINGER, Winona, Minn.

Will exchange a fine set of Agassiz Con. Nat.
Hist., 4 vols., 4to cloth, for old historieal works. S.
W. HUMPHREY, Dedbam, Mass.

A collection of aieniae 50 varieties, for a collec-
tion of stamps, coins or Indian relics. All letters
answered. WILL. P. ARNOLD, Shanneck, R. I.

Offered —Unio lens, subrostratus, Avsopus, dona-
ciformis, metanevrus, ellipsis, pustulatus, alatus.
Marg. complanata, marginata rugosa. Anodonta
fragilis, parvona, piana, grandis (said by Mr. W. A.
Marsh to be very fine and nearly typical.) Pleuro-
cera undulatum, troostii, florenceensis. Sph. trun-
catum. Lists exchanged. A printed list of Hen-
dricks county shells will be sent on application. C.
A. HARGRAVE, Danville, Ind.

Otfered.—300 species land, fresh-water and marine
shells in exchange for others. Correspond in Vola-
puk where possible. A. A. HINKLEY, DuBois, Ill.

120

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS”: EXCHANGE,

STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY.
SOLD ONLY FOR CASH.
OONOHOLOGY.
Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN-
UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for

Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled.
Circulars sent on application.

SprciaL Norice:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMAs TIC CONCHOL-

OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid.

Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA,

with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates, |

441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition.
Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60.
The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid.

Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The
latest work on California and other West Coast
Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors.
Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement.

Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma-
tidae. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO.
W. TRYON, JR.
postpaid.

Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75,

List of American Writers on Recent Con-
chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates
of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.
Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Monograph of the Order Pholadacea
and other Papers. By GEO. W. TRYON, JR.
Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid.

Complete Writings om Recent and Fos-
sil Conchology of C. S. Rafinesque.
Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY-
ON, Jr. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid.

Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri-
ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY
1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid.

Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol-
ogy fromthe Text of Milne-Edwards and Achille-
Comte. °43 edition, 25 cents pp.; 746 edition, 30
cents pp.

Lea, Isaac. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post-
paid.

AND |

|
| Bernardi, GALATEA EY FISCHERIA, 49 pages,

10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris,
1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatlcy’s copy. Price $4,
postpaid.

Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni-
valve Mollusca of the United States.
By 8.8. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation
to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, JR.; 2 vols., with many
colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40;
with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18.

| American Journal of Conchology, 1865-

74. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by
150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand
wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for
7 vols., new, complete, $25.

Mollusca of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN-
NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ;
134 figs.; 406 ills.; 8vo. New, unused. Price, post-
paid, $15,

Baldwin, D. D. Land Shellsof the Hawaiian
Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid.

Wright, Berlin H. Check List of North Amer-
ican Unionide and other Fresh Water Bivalves; 8
Pages, paper. Just issued. Price 25 cents, post
paid.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Random Notes on Natural History.
This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming
scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the
previous cbapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very
instructive article upon ‘The Shell Bearing Mol-
lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s
“Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles
of interest to the conchologist, at the following
prices:

Vol. I, complete, . ; $1 50

Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00

Vol. II, complete, Sign tod Bly)

Vole LDL Complete; uae emer e 75

Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6)
cents per volume.

American Journal of Science and Art.
Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid.

Description of the Inferior Maxillary’
Bones of Mastodons, «te. 10 plates, 25
pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts.

Methods of Study in Natural History.

Agassiz.
Post-paid, $1.15.

327 pp. ills., 1875.
ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE. ill

WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF
SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER
SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR-
TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID
BY SENDER.

All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.

ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF
\ V ‘“‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car-
penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”

for which good prices will be paid.
15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume I,
in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con-

chological publications.

GCiUASS Bap S AND BOAELES

For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates,

PASTEBOARD TRAYS FOR SHELLS,

In Sizes to Suit.
ADDRESS

The Conchologists’ Exchange,

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

iv EEE“ CONCHOLOGISTS? *
e

EXCHANGE.

E. H. WILETAMS
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER,

4475 MAIN STREET,
(Below Mehl.)
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Large stock of
WATCHES, JEWELRY,
SILVERWARE, OPTICAL GOODS, &c.
suerything guaranteed as represented.

Orders by Mail Solicited.

The West ae Scientist.

volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of
POPULAR SCIENCE.

A feature consists of articles on topography and |

natural history of Upper and Lower California.
Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price, $1.00
per year, 10 cents per copy. Send 25 cents fora 4
months’ trial subscription. Agents wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Eborror.
San Diego, Cal.

Fossil -

A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns
from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly
named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for
choice Marine Shells.

J. CG. CARR,

Grundy County National Bank,
Morris, Ill.

THE ROWLAND HILL

Stamp Packet, (‘11°

Reliable, cheap and worth twice the money.
No Approval Sheets. Sold only in packets.
Price 25 cents, post paid.

T. R. SWIFT, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS,

HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES
BO. bb SS Aves

Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex-
change. Lists exchanged.
for De Land University.

BERLIN H. WRIGHT,

LAKE HELEN,
FLORIDA

Specimens wanted

JUST OUT

BERLIN H. WRIGHT'S

| i . ae >
| Check List of North American Unionide and
This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new |

| paid.

other Fresh Water Bivalves.
Address

25 cents, post-

The Conchologists’ Exchange,
CHESTNUT HILL, PHILA.

CRAIG, FINLEY & CO.,

STEAM-POWER

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Send for Samples.

Estimates Cheerfully Given.

HAT HAVE YOU TO EXCHANGE

For a Catarrh Remedy that never Fails?
Address, Mrs. E. E. Yates, Sharon,
Wisconsin.

THE NAUTILUS. 43

INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 1

AN INDEX TO THE ‘‘ CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.”

The publication of this magazine was commenced by Mr. Wm.
D. Averill, of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, in July, 1886. The
first number was printed on a postal card. The August number
(No. 2) consists of four pages, without pagination, size 53 x 63
inches. The September number contains six pages, without pagina-
tion. October number contains eight pages, which are numbered,
the first being page 11; the last page (18) is blank. November
number contains six pages. December number, eight pages and
the last page is blank. January and February numbers (1887)
each contain eight pages. March and April (Nos. 9 and 10) were
printed together as a “ double number,” which consists of twelve
pages. The May and June numbers each contain twelve pages and
are a little larger, 53 x 7 inches. Vol. I, complete, contains 84
pages.

Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2 (July and August, 1887) each contain 16
pages. September number contains 12 pages, and with this num-
ber there was another increase in size to 5% x 72. October and
November numbers each contain 16 pages. December number, 12
pages. January (1888) number, 12 pages, plus a cover (pp. i-iv)
of the same kind of paper. February number contains 8 pages and
a cover (pp. i-iv). March and April were printed tpgether, but as
one number (No. 9); this contains 12 pages and a cover (pp. i-iv)»
and this was the last number published. Vol. II, complete, con-
tains 120 pages, exclusive of cover pages. No index to either vol-
ume was issued. The “ Exchange” contains many new generic or
subgeneric names, with other important changes in nomenclature,
and some new species. The Index herewith given has been ar-
ranged to aid conchologists who have not access to a complete copy
of the original publication. It has been cut into short pages in
order that those who have the Conchologist’s Exchange may bind
this Index with it—H. A. P. & C. W. J.

44 THE NAUTILUS.

il INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES IN THE CONCHOLOGISTS’

EXCHANGE, Vozs. I ann II.

Amnicola porata, A. limosa, A. cincinnatiensis, A. parva,

Anatina papyracea Say, é

Anceyia Pilsbry, n. subg. (Pristina Ancey being preoe
cupied in Vermes), ; :

Ancylus fuscus Adams; Ancylus par alellus Hald.,

Angasella Ancey, n. subg., type Helix cyptopleuse Pfr. ;
Australia,

Angitrema armigera Say, A. verrucosa Raf, : 3

Angrandiella Ancey, n. subg., type Helix agora
Morelet ; Andes of Peru, ;

Anodonta gibbosa Say and A. couperiana Lea,

Anodonta edentula Say,

Anodonta ferussaciana Lea,

Anodonta imbecilis Say ; Anodonta grandis Say,

Anodonta plana, A. corpulenta, A. suborbiculata,

Arion subfuseus and Helix hispida var. fusca in York-
shire,

Atlantica Ancey, n. subg, type Helix semiplicata Pfr. ; ;
Madeira,

Averellia Ancey, n. subg. ,—Ccelospira Ancey non “Hall,

Bathyaxis, Ancey, n. subg., type Ceeliaxis Layardi Ad.
& Angas; Cape Colony,

Bermudia, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Burmudensis
Pfr. : Bermuda, :

Bertia, Ancey, n. subg., type Nanina cambodjiensis
Reeve ; Indo-China, :

Brazieri, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix velata Hombron
et Jacq ; Caroline Isls.,

Bulimini found in Central oe

Burtonia Bourg.,

Bythinia tentaculata Linné,

Bythinella obtusa Lea,

Calostropha, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix pee TPDs
Canefri ; New Guinea, : :

Campeloma subsolida, C. exilis, and C, “rufa,

Carychium exiguum Say, . ‘ 5 1, 65);

TL, Oe
Il, 78

II, 38
II, 66
Th 2, sie

THE NAUTILUS.

INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

ili

Gredler ; China, II, 39
Ceronia arctata ‘Conrad, : hy, 89
Chalepotaxis Ancey, n. subg., type Nanina ) infantilis

Gredler ; China, ‘ 4 ie 22
Chelidonura Rochebrune non Adams, ; EE 22
Chelidonopsis Ancey, n. gen., Chelidonura Rochebrune

being preoccupied, : TI, 22
Chrysodon Ancey, n. subg., type Helix auridens Rang. ;

Martinique, J, 54
Coelospira Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Macneili Crosse ;

Costa Rica, : ; iS 20, 26, 54
Conomitra found living in the West Indies, IL, 9
Corbula contracta Say, II, 61
Coxia Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Macegre egori ‘Cox;

New Ireland, 1 ergs
Crystallopsis Ancey, n. subg., types H. Hunteri “Cox ;

H. Allasteri Cox, ete.; Solomon Is., . ne?
Cumingia tellinoides Conrad, ; ; II, 89
Cypreea, a list of the rarer species, II, 54
Cytherea Sayii Conrad and Cytheren (Gouldia) mactra-

cea Linsley, : ‘ II, 109
Ensatella americana Gould, II, 34
Entodina Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Reyrei Souy erbie ;

Ecuador, s I, 64
Eurystyla Ancey, n. subg., types Helix cerina a Mor.; H.

viridis Desh., : MA Gee's)
Gastrodonta multidentata Ey, var. umbilicaris An-

cey (n. var.), : J, 54
Pidtackia ancyliformis Pfr. in Florida, II, 96
Goniobasis costifera Hald., II, 94
Helicina Durangoana Mouss. 1g a
Helicina hanleyana Pfr., I, 21
Helicina orbiculata Say, ae 8, 21, 21
Helicina subtropica Jan. [Error tor H. tropica Jan.], 1, 8, 26
Helix nemoralis in a new locality (Great Skellig Island), I, 1
Helix commutanda Ancey (n. name for 7’r ivdopsis Har-

fordiana W. G. ee non Helix mess as

Cooper), : : : ; , (9,113

46 THE NAUTILUS.

lv INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,
Helix (Polygyra) unguifera Mouss. (H. acutedentata

W.G. Binney), ; ; 1 7)
Helix salmonensis ‘Tryon having priority over H. com-

mutanda Ancey, : : ; EE, 193
Helix verrilli Ancey, n. sp. ; Mexico, : II, 63
Helix Levettei Bland, var. Thomsoniana Ancey and

var. orobeena Ancey (i. vars.), . : : : IT, 64
Helix armigera Ancey, : : i : : ; II, 64
Helix Dschulfensis Dubois, . : : : : : ye
Helminthoglypta Ancey, n. subg., types Helix arrosa

Gld., H. ramentosa Gld., ete. . ; : : dae

Lejeania Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Darnaudi Pfr.,
H. Isseliana Mor., H. Jickeliana Nevill, ete.;

Abyssinia, : Lato
Limneea reflexa Say and L. desidiosa Say, , : TI, 108
Limneea zebra Tryon and L. caperata Say, 4 : II, 104

Limnzea humilis Say ; L, parva Lea; L. casta Lea, . TT; 10
Liogyrus Lehnerti Ancey, n. sp., Washington, 1B» Ob - LE. 795.413

Lioplax subcarinata Say, . : II, 66
Lithasia obovata Say, ; ‘ : [, 56) 11293
Lyogyrus Gill (L. pupoides Gila), : : : T1138
Lyonsia hyalina Conrad, : , Gn
Macoma fusca Say, P : é , : II, 101
Mactra solidissima ; Mactra fareralie ; ; : ; Tes
Margaritana complanata ; M. rugosa Barnes, : ; GS 8s)
Margaritana confragosa, M. deltoidea, M. mars ; TT, 20
Margaritana Hildrethiana Lea, . : : II, 114
Mastus chion Pfr. Bil: polygyratus Pirs ‘ete., : Le 37
Melongena anifernie Blainy., 5 : : : 1S:
Mesodon dentiferus Binney, : : : 4 ; I, 55
Mesopleura centralis Say, . : : ; : II, 46
Mesorhytis, . : : : ; T+ 9
Microphysa Ingersolli ‘Bland, var. convexior Ancey

(ij var. a. : : II, 64
Mitra Fergusoni Sby., ae Mitra Rivoli Dall, ; : e239
Modiola tulipa found at Cape May, N. J., . : I, 22

Mollendorfia Ancey, n. subg., types Helix trisinuata
Mart.; H. Hensaniensis Gredler ; H. Eastlakeana
Molldf. ; China, ; ; ; , ‘ : I, 64

THE NAUTILUS.

INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

Vv
Mya arenaria Linné, . : : : : II, 4
Mytilopsis leacopheata Conr., , attached to Unios, . I, 27
Natica Fordiana Simpson, n. sp.; Florida, II, 51
Nevra pellucida Stimp., : II, 61
Nesobia Ancey, n. subg., type Bulimus Helence Q. et

G.; St. Helena, 10 ee)
Oligospira Ancey, n. subg., types H. Waltoni Rve. ; ; H.

Skinneri Rve. ; Ceylon, Il, 22
Ophiosphila Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Kuhni Pfr. ;

H. andicola Pfr. ; H. catenifera, ete., I, 64
Pandora trilineata Say, IT, 62
Parmacella valenciennii Webb & Van Ben., var ‘pune.

tulata Cockerell; var. maculata Cockerell ; and

var. olivacea Cockerell (new varieties),. II, 68
Patula strigosa Gld., var. Bruneri Ancey, II, 64
Periploma Leana Conrad, ‘ TG ae:
Petricola pholadiformis eam, : : ; : TitOL
Pholas truncata Say, . : ‘ ‘ ; ; I, Go hig
Pholas costata Linn., . LS:
Physa solida Phil. , syn. Oigk ‘heterostropha Say, 5 : I, 20
Physa (-Paludina, ) scalaris Jay a Planorbis (Heli-

soma), : dS (SS Las
Physa gyrina $ Say ; ‘Ee. heterostropha Say, : : Reel
Pilsbrya Ancey, n. subg., in nee of Poecilostola An-

cey, preoccupied, I, 54
Pisidium compressum Prime ; P. variabile Prime, . : tl 49
Pisidium zquilaterale Prime, II, 50
Planorbis dilatatus Gld., in England, I, 63
Planorbis lens Lea, : j TL, 63,76
Planorbis havanensis Pfr. ; Pp tumidus, 5 ; 20. Te ot
Planorbis exacutus Say, : ; ; I, 76
Planorbis deflectus Say ; P. dilatatus Gld., iS tie
Planorbis hirsutus Gld., f eas
Planorbis parvus Say ; P. Jenksii H. F. Carpenter

(n. sp.), Tio
Planorbis inabilicadellus Cockerell new name for P. um-

bilicatus Taylor, non Miller, IT, 68
Planorbis trivolvis Say, v 111

; dis

Planorbis (Helisoma) scalaris Jay (Physa scalaris Jay),
Pleurocera subulare Lea, ‘ : :

II, 81, 94

48 THE NAUTILUS.

al INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.

Pleurocera alveare; P. undulatum; P. moniliferum ;
P. canaliculatum ; P. troostii; P. lewisii; P. ele-

vatum; P. neglectum, IT, 94
Pleuroxia Ancey, new name for Angasella, which is

preoccupied i in marine shells; type Helix cyrto-

pleura Pfr.; Australia, II, 38
Peecilostola Anecey, n. subg., type Helix Farrisi Pir

Andes of Peru, . 3 L 20, 26, 54
Polygyrella polyg grella Bld. & Cooper, v var. montanensis

Ancey (n. var.), II, 80
Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say, . tT, 91
Pristina Ancey, n. subg., types Hyalina Stearnsi Bld.:

H. Lansingi Bld.; North America, 120526
Pristiloma Ancey, n. subg, i in place of Pristina Ancey,

and Anceyia Pilsbry, non Anceya Bourguignat, . I, 54
Pseudiberus Ancey, n. subg., types Helix tectum-sinense

Mart.; H. zenonis Gredler; H. plectotropis

Mart.; and H. mataiensis Nevill ; China, Tt6
Pupa corpulenta Morse, var. parietalis Ancey, var. nov. ;

Utah, : II, 80
Rhysotina Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Welwitschi Mor.,

and H. hepatizon “Gid. ; Island of Sao-Tome, I, 53
Rhyssotopsis Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Haughtoni

Benson ; Andaman Isls., : ; I, 64
Saxicava rugosa Linn., II, 42
Segmentina Wheatleyi Lea, I, 20
Segmentina armigera Say, . é : : : ; Le 2
Sheldonia Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Trotteriana

iBens.5: EL, phytostylus Bens. ; H. natalensis Pfr.

and perhaps cotyledonis Benson ; S. Africa, I, 53
Siliqua costata Say, and Solecurtus sibbus Spleng., 1B HS
Somatogyrus subglobosus Say and §. depressus Tryon, . II, 90
Spheerium suleatum Lam.; 8. solidulum Pr. ; S. striati-

num Lam.; S. Jayanum rs ae ; II, 48
Spheerium truncatum Linsley; 8. occidentale Pr.; S:

transversum Say, : II, 49
Sphincterochila Ancey, n. subg., types H. filia, Mouss. :

H. Boissieri Char 1S near the Dead Sea and N.

Arabia, : ; ; ; Il, 23

(70 be concluded in September number.)

THE NAUTILUS. Da

INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE. Vii
Succinea lineata W. G. B. in Nebraska, ; : I, 65
Succinea obliqua Say, and Succinea totteniana eae ‘ 23
Tellina tenera Say ; T. modestus Verr.; T. tenta Say, . II, 90
Teredo, Notes on, ; ; i : 2 : I, 19, Il, 84
Tetrodontina Ancey, n. subg., types Helix yantaiensis,

tetrodon and Houaiensis ; N. China, . : I, 64
Thompsonia carinifera Ancey a ‘y he of Planorbis

scalaris Jay, . : : : : 1B ipa es:
Thracia Conradi Couthony, . ; ; : : Li 62
Thracia truncata Migh. & Adams, 5 ‘ 2 : II, 63
Tottenia gemma Totten, : TES109
Traumatophora Ancey, n. subg., type Helix triscalpta

Mart.; China, . I, 59
Trihelix Ancey, n. subg., type Helix horrida Pfr. ;

Mts. of aos, .* 2 : : I, 64
Triodopsis Harfordiana W. GB by : ‘ : » Ll, 79s
Triton Swifti Tryon, from the Bermudas, : : : I, 65
Unio parvus and U. gracilis from Texas, . : : Tat
Unio anodontoides; U. esopus; U. alatus; U. arctior;

U. asperrimus; U. capax; : I, 42

Unio coccineus; U. cornutus; U. crassidens ; U. dona-
ciformis ; U. Dorfeueillianus : ey. ebenus ; U. el-

lipsis ; (UL elegans, . : : I, 43
Unio graniferus ; i gibbosus ; wT gracilis ; U. Hig-

ginsii; U. levissimus; U. ligamentinus, . : I, 50
Unio luteolus; U. laerymosus ; Wi monodontus;_ U.

metanever; U. occultus, . ‘ : : ok

Unio multiplicatus ; U, mississippiensis ; U. occidens ;
U. pustulosus; U. ae U. plicatus; U.
parvus, ‘ : ‘ : ; 3 JT, 62

Unio pressus; U. rectus, 3 : : : : I, 63

Unio rubiginosus ; U. solidus; U. spatulatus; U.sub-

ovatus, ; ; : ; ; : , : I, 74
Unio securis; U.schooleraftii, . : : : ; I, 75
Unio tuberculatus; U.trigonus; U. tenuissimus; U.

undulatus, ; , ; . : ; : 1D are:
Unio ventricosus; U. zigzag, c Ears:

Unio anthonyi; U.aheneus; U. amygdalum U. an-
gustatus ; U. arctatus, ‘ 5 . II, 67, 105

58 THE NAUTILUS.

Vill INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE.

Unio Buckleyi; U. Buddianus; U. Blandingianus; U.
coruscus,

Unio cacao Lea; Unio Cunninghami pace Wright (n.
Spa) sm. floridensis Lea; U. Jayanus Lea,

Unio eranulatus Lea in Fla., : :

Unio Jewettii ; U. Kleinianus ; U. -Tepidus U. minor ;
U. modioliformis,

Unio Liebii in Lake Erie, :

Unio papyracea Gould in Lake Ashby, Fla., :

Unio monroensis Lea; U. fuscatus Lea ; U. paludico-
lus Gld., : : : :

Valvata tricarinata Say and V. bicarinata Lea,

Valvata mergella Westerlund, only a striate variety of
V. sincera Say, . : :

Venus mercenaria Linn.,

Vivipara intertexta; V. ‘subpurpurea ; ‘NG contectoides,

Voluta Gouldiana, found in 150 to 200 fathoms ee ey
Rock Light, Fla., 2

Zirpheea crispata Linn.,

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS AND TITLES.

. IT, 95, 105

- TI, 105
I, tae

II, 112
I, 26

I, 81

I, 27
II, 80
Ia
II, 102
II, 65
II, 9, 10

II, 54

Titles in brackets are the general subjects of notes placed under

“ Correspondence.”

Ancey, C. F. Diagnoses of a few subgenera in Helici-

dee, -.

Descriptions of new genera or subgenera of Hel-
icide, : ; : I, 53, 64, 75
[Notes on new subgenera, and some American
Helices |

A Catalogue of the Bulimini found in Central
Asia,

On the generic name ofa remarkable bivalve shell
found in the Congo,
Description of North American shells,

Baker, F.C. [A collecting trip to Onset Bay, Mass. ],
Be: auchamp, Rev. Wm. M. Erosion of fresh water
shells,

Notes on Ammenena Shells,

I, 20

, II, 22, 38
I, 54

1 Be

II, 22
II, 53, 79

II, 119

I, 49
II, 19

THE NAUTILUS. 59

INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE. 1X

Brown, Dr. J. J. Notes on the mollusea of the Baha-
MAS; ive : : eh

Carpenter, Horace F. The shell eae mollusea of

Rhode Island, _ I, 76, II, 2, 18, 34, 46, 61, 77, 89, 101, 109
Cockerell, T. D. A. The Gibraltar and Tangier forms

of Parmacella, : : II, 67

[ Note on Planorbis umbilicatus Taylor], : II, 68
Cooper, Rev. Ebenezer V. Andrew Garrett (obituary),

Dall, Wm. H. [Notes on some rare West Indian Shells], 1B as,

Ford, John. A day among the mollusks, . 3 : I, 21
Helices in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, ‘ veer
The Succinea obliqua Say of Fairmount Park,
Philadelphia, with some remarks regarding the

relationship of Succinea Totteniana Lea, . : II, 23

The fresh water mollusks of Fairmount Park, . IT, 39

Some remarks on the migration of mollusks, ; eG
Hinkley, A. A. Record of a collecting trip in White,

Hardin and Gallatin Counties, Ill., . I, 56

Notes on the Strepomatide of TH, : : : II, 93
Jones, J. Matthews. The Conchologist in Bermuda, . 18 pels:
Keep, Josiah. Cabinet Notes, . : : : ; II, 107
Loofbet, Adam. <A suggestion to our young friends, . I, 80

Marsh, Wm. A. _ Brief Notes on the land and fresh wa-
ter shells of Mercer Co., Ill., I, 42, 50, II, 4, 20,

36, 48, 65, 80, 90, 103, 110
Michael Jr., Geo. W. [Shells on the coast of San Luis

Obispo Co., Cal.], : : . II, 68
On collecting and preserving Chitons, : : I; 8
Obituaries and notices of deceased conchologists and
scientists. Prof. Daniel ey lvester ou : I, 4
Dr. Isaac Lea, . ah, ok 2Du ae
Dr. Ezra Michener, . : : : : Ted
Prof. Spencer Fullerton Baird, : : : : II, 26
Dr. J. C. McCormick, ; : : IT, 54

Prof. Ferdinand Vanderveer Hayden, ; ‘ II, 81

60 THE NAUTILUS.

x INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE.

Andrew Garrett, ; ; i ‘ : . BES, ‘92

Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., . : : : : . DE SG, 115

Ww. L. Mactier, ; : . : Hee IT, 103
Pilsbry, H. A. Notes on some New Orleans fresh water

shells, : : : E20

[ Notes on Ancey’s new w subgenera of Helices], : I, 26

Lyogyrus Gill, and other American shells . ; iM ia le
Rogers, Thos. Planorbis dilatatus Gould in England, I, 68
Roper, Edw. W. [Pholas truncata pi at Scarboro,

Me.], ; I, 65
Rush, Dr. Wm. H. [Notes « on deep sea dredging], ‘ II, 24
Shimek, B. Margaritana Hildrethiana Lea, ; Tisai
Simpson, Chas. T. Record of a two- days dredging

cruise in Tampa Bay, Fla., . I, 44, 2

[Notes on Melongena fusiformis], : : ; I, 83

Succinea lineata in Nebraska, . T, 65

On the distribution of land and fresh water shells

in the tropics, . ‘ ; : : ; 5 AS 7..50

Blacklist them, . : ‘ TEAO

A new Floridian Natica . Fordiana), : ‘ I; 61

Shell collecting, ; : II, 52

The dredge, : : II, 83

Gundlachia ancyliformis Pfr. in Florida, II, 96
Singley, J. A. New localities for Unio parvus and U.

gracilis; |, 5 Rea
Sterki, Dr. V. Collecting shells in drift, I, 45

[Pupz found in the vicinity of ‘New Philadel-

phia, Ohio], 4 : I, 54

How to collect small land shells, : ; : I, 67

The Faunatic dependence of the Mediterranean upon

the Atlantic, : : : i v6
The strength of snails (Helix aspersa), : ; I, 34
Trombley, Jerome. [Note on Unio Liebii], I, 26

Vitality of mollusea (Nassa obsoleta), . ; F , I, 35

Wright, Dr. S. Hart. [New localities for Unionide], I, 27, 51
W right, Dr. 8S. Hart, and Berlin, H. Notes upon the
Unionids of Southern Florida, . 2) E6795. AOd ala

— a Se ee

Oarded

Se ae! ee 2 ee -Cl.
MITHSONIAN INSTITUT!

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3 9088 00843 8145

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