Number 497
17 October 2003
Q
II
fott
Contributions
IN Science
Taxonomy and Life History of
Costa Rican Alabagrus
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a Key
TO World Species
Jason W. Leathers and Michael J. Sharkey
Natural History Museum
OF Los Angeles County
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Taxonomy and Life History of Costa Rican
Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae),
WITH A Key to World Species
Jason W. Leathers^ and Michael J. Sharkey^
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 2
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
COLOR AND MIMICRY 5
SEASONALITY 5
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE 5
SYSTEMATICS 6
Key to the Species of Alabagrus of the World 6
Species Descriptions of the Alabagrus of Costa Rica 19
Alabagrus albispina (Cameron) 19
Alabagrus arawak Sharkey 20
Alabagrus arua Sharkey 21
Alabagrus cara Sharkey 21
Alabagrus cocto Sharkey 22
Alabagrus combos new species 23
Alabagrus cuna Sharkey 24
Alabagrus derailersi new species 25
Alabagrus donnai new species 26
Alabagrus englishi new species 27
Alabagrus imitatus (Cresson) 28
Alabagrus janzeni Sharkey 29
Alabagrus juchuy Sharkey 30
Alabagrus kagaba Sharkey 31
Alabagrus latisoma Sharkey 32
Alabagrus latredlei (Spinola) 32
Alabagrus maculipes (Cameron) 33
Alabagrus masneri Sharkey 34
Alabagrus may a Sharkey 35
Alabagrus miqa Sharkey 36
Alabagrus mo j os Sharkey 37
Alabagrus nahuatl Sharkey 37
Alabagrus nicoya Sharkey 38
Alabagrus nigritulus (Szepligeti) 39
Alabagrus pachamama Sharkey 40
Alabagrus paruyana Sharkey 41
Alabagrus parvifaciatus (Cameron) 42
Alabagrus pecki Sharkey 42
Alabagrus roibasi Sharkey 43
Alabagrus sarapiqui new species 44
Alabagrus semialbus (Szepligeti) 45
Alabagrus stigma (Brulle) 46
1. Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, 2046 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2907.
2. Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-227 Agriculture Science Center North, Lexington, Kentucky
40546-0091.
Contributions in Science, Number 497, pp. 1-82
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 2003
2 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Alabagrus tricarinatus (Cameron) 47
Alabagrus tripartitus (Brulle)... 48
Alabagrus varius (Enderlein) 49
Alabagrus voto Sharkey 49
Alabagrus warrau Sharkey 50
Alabagrus watsoni new species 51
Alabagrus yaruro Sharkey 52
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................... 53
LITERATURE CITED 53
PEATE I 55
EIGURES. 56
ABSTRACT. The genus Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is revised to include specimens collected
throughout Costa Rica, including those from the Arthropods of La Selva (ALAS) project and rearings by
Janzen and Hallwachs at Santa Rosa National Park. Descriptions are provided for a total of 39 species
collected in Costa Rica, including 17 species that are new to Costa Rica and 6 species that are new to
science. New species are A. combos, A. derailersi, A. donnai, A. englishi, A. sarapiqui, and A. watsoni.
Species of Alabagrus are reported to be primarily associated with successional habitats, where they para-
sitize the larvae of Crambidae (Lepidoptera). The treatment of each species includes a total of 75 mor-
phological and color characters and host records. Graphs of the temporal distribution and color photo-
graphs are presented for each of the 39 Costa Rican species. An illustrated key to the species of Alabagrus
is provided.
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW
Parasitic wasps belonging to the genus Alabagrus
Enderlein (Braconidae: Agathidinae) are restricted
to the New World, and are found from southeast-
ern Canada to northern Argentina. They are espe-
cially diverse in wet tropical habitats. Species oi Al-
abagrus are solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoids of
concealed larvae of the family Crambidae (Eepi-
doptera) (Table 1). Some species of Alabagrus are
important in the control of pest Lepidoptera, in-
cluding A. stigma (Brulle), a parasitoid of the sugar
cane and rice borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabri-
cius).
Alabagrus was proposed by Enderlein (1920) for
several species of Neotropical agathidines. Muese-
beck and Walkley (1951) synonomized Alabagrus
under Agathis Enderlein, and Shenefelt (1970)
adopted this classification in his catalogue of world
Agathidinae. Sharkey (1988) resurrected Alabagrus
and included in the genus Astiria, Craspedoboth-
rus, and Liyptia, of Enderlein (1920). He included
a total of 104 species in his revision of the genus,
22 of which were recorded from Costa Rica.
Since his revision, the Arthropods of La Selva
(ALAS) project has extensively sampled the low-
land Neotropical rainforest surrounding the Orga-
nization for Tropical Studies (OTS) La Selva Bio-
logical Station at La Selva, Costa Rica (Longino,
1994). The project yielded a total of 904 specimens,
representing 26 species of Alabagrus from La Selva,
of which 12 are new Costa Rican records and 6 are
new to science. Based on the ALAS specimens, es-
timators of species diversity calculated by using
Estimates 5.0.1 (Colwell, 1994-1997) predict that
there are between 29 (Coleman richness expecta-
tion [Coleman, 1981; Coleman et ah, 1982]) and
33 (second-order jackknife richness estimator
[Burnham and Overton, 1978, 1979; Smith and
van Belle, 1984; Palmer, 1991]) species of Alaba-
grus at La Selva, indicating that the area has been
well sampled by Malaise traps. Furthermore, sub-
sequent Malaise trap samples from La Selva, as
well as canopy fogging and blacklight samples,
have yielded no new species of Alabagrus. We are
thus fairly confident that this revision includes most
species of Alabagrus found at La Selva. However,
a specimen of A. tricarinatus (Cameron) was reared
by H. Hespenheide (University of California, Los
Angeles) in 1986 from an unknown host on Bytt-
neria aculeata (Jacquemoud) (Sterculiaceae) at La
Selva. This species was not captured by the ALAS
sampling, suggesting that a few additional species
of Alabagrus could be present there.
Because of their diversity, abundance, and fre-
quent role as keystone species in the natural regu-
lation of ecosystems, parasitic wasps are an excel-
lent focal group for systematic and conservation
studies (Lasalle and Gauld, 1991). Members of the
genus Alabagrus are particularly abundant and di-
verse in lowland Neotropical rainforests. They are
efficiently captured with Malaise traps and, because
of their large size and colorful nature, they are com-
mon in museum collections and are relatively easy
to identify. It is our hope that the biodiversity in-
formation obtained on the species of Alabagrus of
La Selva will be used as a benchmark bioindicator
through which tropical sites may be compared.
This paper builds on Sharkey’s (1988) revision by
describing the 39 species recorded from Costa Rica.
Many of these species were previously described
from only a few specimens, so they have been re-
described to document the range of variation in
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 3
Table 1. List of known hosts of species of Alabagrus and the plants from which they have been reared. Blank spaces
represent incomplete records. Data are from Janzen and Hallwach’s caterpillar database, a specimen reared by Hespen-
heide, and Sharkey (1988).
Species
Alabagrus host
Host plant
A. albispina
Bicilia iarchasalis
Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaeae)
Conchylodes ovulalis
Baltimora recta (Asteraceae)
Eulepte concordalis
Cydista heterophylla (Bignoniaceae)
Glyphodes sybillalis
Trophis racemosa (Moraceae)
Phaedropsis sp.
Triplaris melaenodendron (Polygonaceae)
Pilocrocis ramentalis
Dyschoriste valeriana (Acanthaceae)
Salbia cassidalis
Easiacis sorghoidea (Poaceae)
A. imitatus
Diatraea sp.
A. janzeni
Eulepte concordalis
Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae)
E. concordalis
T. impetiginosa
A. latreillei
Phostria metalobalis
Genipa americana (Rubiaceae)
A. maculipes
Pilocrocis ramentalis
Dyschoriste valeriana (Acanthaceae)
Crambidae sp.
Maranta arundinacea (Marantaceae)
A. nahuatl
Lygropia tripunctata
Operculina pteripes (Convolvulaceae)
A. nicoya
Dichogama colotha
Capparis indica (Capparidaceae)
D. colotha
C. incana
D. redtenbacheri
C. frondosa
Lativalva pseudosmithii
Morisonia americana (Capparidaceae)
A. roibasi
Alatuncusia sp.
Capparis frondosa (Capparidaceae)
Aponia itzalis
Cornutia grondifolia (Verbenaceae)
Bicilia iarchasalis
Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae)
Phaedropsis cernalis
Triplaris melaenodendron (Polygonaceae)
Psara obscuralis
P. alliacea
A. stigma
Diatraea canella
D. impersonatella
D. lineolata
D. saccharalis
Unknown
Byttneria aculeata (Sterculiaceae)
A. watsoni
Omiodes humeralis
Inga vera (Fabaceae)
morphology and color observed in specimens col-
lected in Costa Rica since that date. A key gener-
ated with the DELTA software package (Dallowitz
et ah, 1997) is provided to the species oi Alabagrus
of the world. To better understand the phenology
of Alabagrus species, we have provided graphs il-
lustrating the temporal distribution of each species
at La Selva and throughout Costa Rica. All species
were collected in primary forest, secondary growth,
and successional areas unless otherwise mentioned
in the distribution information sections associated
with each species description. Maps illustrating the
distribution of every species aside from the new
ones found only at La Selva are available in Shar-
key’s (1988) revision. Linally, color photographs
are provided for each of the 39 species found in
Costa Rica.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY SITE
The La Selva Biological Station is an OTS research site of
1,536 ha located at the confluence of the Sarapiqui and
Puerto Viejo rivers in northeastern Costa Rica. The land
is composed of primary forest (55%) dominated by Pen-
taclethra macroloba (Willd.) (Fabaceae), selectively logged
primary forest (7%), secondary forest that has been re-
generating since the early 1970’s (11%), successional pas-
ture (18%), abandoned plantations (8%), and managed
habitats including an arboretum and successional plots
(0.5%) (McDade and Hartshorn, 1994).
SAMPLING PROGRAM
The ALAS project’s sampling regime was described by
Longino and Colwell (1997). In brief, the project involved
a total of 18 Malaise traps placed at La Selva. Sixteen of
these were divided between four habitat types: young al-
luvial soil with secondary growth vegetation, young allu-
vial soil with primary forest, old residual soil with sec-
ondary growth vegetation, and old residual soil with pri-
mary forest. Four traps were placed in each of the above
habitat types from March 1993 until June 1996. Only one
Malaise trap was used to sample all five successional plots.
These five plots are all contiguous and the single trap was
left in the same location for the duration of the project.
A single Malaise trap also was placed at the border of a
swamp (referred to as “borde suampo” in the DISTRI-
BUTION sections after each of the species descriptions)
from August 1997 until November 1998. Additionally,
canopy fogging, blacklight traps, and Berlese funnels were
used to sample La Selva, but yielded only two Alabagrus
4 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
specimens. One A. semialbus (Szepligeti) and one A. pa-
chamama Sharkey were collected by canopy fogging of
Pentaclethra macroloba. Blacklight traps and Berlese fun-
nels yielded no specimens.
KEY CONSTRUCTION
We have constructed the key to the species of Alabagrus of
the world by using the software package DELTA (Dallowitz
et ah, 1997), which is available at http://biodiversity.uno.
edu/delta. The DELTA software constructs keys by using
two text files: a CEIARS file that contains a list of characters
and states, and an ITEMS file that contains a list of taxa
and the character states of each taxon. The keys were con-
structed to facilitate identification rather than to be as ef-
ficient as possible, thus, many species will key out in mul-
tiple places. Interactive versions of both keys that allow the
user to choose which characters to examine for species de-
termination are available on M.J. Sharkey’s Web page at
http://www.uky.edu/~mjsharO. The CHARS and ITEMS
files used to produce the key also are available at this Web
site. The program INTKEY can be downloaded from this
site free of charge.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED
We examined a total of 1,617 specimens of Alabagrus,
over half of which were collected through the ALAS pro-
ject. Others were collected through a recent Mellon Eoun-
dation grant to J. Pickering and M.J. Sharkey. Some reared
specimens from Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica,
were provided by D.H. Janzen. Almost all specimens in-
volved in this project are labeled with a unique bar code
or rearing number. The ALAS specimens are labeled IN-
BIOCRI xxxxxxxxx, where the x’s represent a unique
number. Numbers for specimens of new species are in-
cluded m the DISTRIBUTION and MATERIAL EXAM-
INED sections. Specimens from the Mellon Eoundation
grant are labeled UGCA xxxxxx and also are included for
new species in the just-mentioned sections. Specimens
from Santa Rosa National Park are labeled yy-SRNP-
xxxx, where y’s represent the year of rearing. A database
of these records is available at http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu.
All holotype specimens are deposited at the National
Institute of Biodiversity (Instituto Nacional de Biodiver-
sidad de Costa Rica [INBC]) in Santo Domingo de He-
redia, Costa Rica. Paratypes and other specimens are de-
posited in a variety of other museums, including American
Entomological Institute, British Natural History Museum,
Canadian National Collection, Natural History Museum
of Eos Angeles County, Oregon State Arthropod Collec-
tion, University of Kentucky Insect Collection, and Na-
tional Museum of Natural History.
DESCRIPTION GENERATION
A description generated with DEETA (Dallowitz et ah,
1997) is provided for each species of Alabagrus from Cos-
ta Rica. In the case of previously described species, these
descriptions refer to all specimens found in Costa Rica
rather than holotypes, lectotypes, or other extralimital
material. The description of new species includes the range
of information on meristic, measured, and discrete mor-
phological characters for all known specimens of the spe-
cies. When this information is variable, holotype infor-
mation is set apart in square brackets ([ ]). Percentages
included in the descriptions of variable characters refer to
the approximate percentage of specimens that exhibit the
characteristic. The number of specimens examined to de-
termine percentages is reported with the first percentage
in each description as sample size. Characters that are
missing from some species descriptions represent charac-
ters that are not applicable to that taxon; for example, the
propodeum of A. pachamama is smooth, so characters 17
to 19 that describe propodeal sculpture are not included
in the description. The integers in parentheses before each
character identify the character in both the species descrip-
tion (ITEMS) and character list (CHARS) files of DEETA.
Character numbers have been used similarly by Sharkey
(1996) in his revision of the Agathidinae of Japan. Char-
acter numbers allow for easy comparisons among species.
The ITEMS and CHARS files are available at M.J. Shar-
key’s Web site at http://www.uky.edu/~mjsharO. Infor-
mation on species distribution outside Costa Rica and pre-
viously known host species provided in the descriptions
are taken from Sharkey’s (1988) revision.
MORPHOLOGY
Morphological terminology follows Sharkey and Wharton
(1997). All specimens collected by the ALAS project were
examined for a total of 7 continuous, 3 meristic, 22 dis-
crete morphological characters, and 42 color characters.
REPOSITORIES
The acronyms used here are taken from Arnett et al.
(1993), and UKIC is new.
AEIC American Entomological Institute, Townes’s
Collection, Cainesville, Elorida, USA.
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New
York, New York, USA.
ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, USA.
BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United
Kingdom.
CNCI Canadian National Collection, Agriculture Can-
ada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest,
Hungary.
INBC Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Do-
mingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
LACM Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Coun-
ty, Los Angeles, California, USA.
MIZT Museo ed Istituto di Zoologia Sistematica,
Universitya di Torino, Torino, Italy.
MNHN Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
Prance.
OSUO Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
SMEC Snow Museum of Entomology, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
UKIC University of Kentucky Insect Collection, Lex-
ington, Kentucky, USA.
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
ZMPA Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland.
TRAILS AT LA SELVA
Acronyms are used in the DISTRIBUTION AND MA-
TERIAL EXAMINED sections of new species descriptions
to provide an approximate location of their collection at
La Selva.
CC Camino Central
SCH Sendero La Chanchera
Contributions in Science, Number 497
COLOR AND MIMICRY
Most species of Alabagrus have bright, distinct col-
or patterns (Figs. 3-8). Many of these species be-
long to a Neotropical, presumably mimetic, com-
plex with thousands of other species composed of
members of several orders of winged insects (Shar-
key, pers. obs.). Representatives of this complex in-
clude approximately 1,300 species of Braconidae in
such other genera as Capitonius Brulle, Coccygi-
dium de Saussure, and Digonogastra Viereck, more
than 1,000 species of Ichneumonidae (e.g., Acro-
taphus Townes), at least 200 species of symphyta,
several hundred species of Reduviidae (e.g., Hira-
netis Stal), and unknown numbers of Diptera, Lep-
idoptera, and Coleoptera. The mimicry is not con-
strained to color. Some of the Reduviidae, the “bra-
coniformes” clade, have wing shape and physical
proportions very similar to some braconids (Fig.
4d). Although members of Alabagrus do not have
a foul odor detectable to humans and are not
known to sting (Sharkey, pers. obs.), other repre-
sentatives of the complex such as many Braconinae
(Quicke, 1997) have an odor (Braconidae) (Quicke
1997) and the Reduviidae are odiferous and can
bite painfully (Sharkey, pers. obs.). The species of
Alabagrus involved in this complex possibly are
Batesian mimics of other members in the complex.
Because of our interest in the mimetic color com-
plex, a great deal of attention is paid to the descrip-
tion of color patterns in this revision. Approxi-
mately one half of the characters included in the
descriptions are color characters, and the lateral
photographs will facilitate future analysis of color
patterns within Alabagrus and with other members
of the complex.
SEASONALITY
The seasonality of most tropical insect species, in-
cluding parasitoids, is traditionally considered to be
correlated with the periods of rainfall (Buskirk and
Buskirk, 1976; Wolda, 1978, 1989; Janzen, 1981,
1993; Smythe, 1985; Kato et ah, 1995; Coley and
Barone, 1996; Novotny and Basset, 1998; Shapiro
and Pickering, 2000), which can vary considerably
in most moist tropical forests. Like much of the
Atlantic side of Central America, La Selva averages
4 m of rain annually, distributed relatively evenly
throughout the year (Fig. la). The driest period typ-
ically occurs from February through April, with an
average of 172 mm per month (Sanford et ah,
1994). The wet season generally begins the second
week of May and has two peaks: June through Au-
gust (450 mm/month) and November through De-
cember (404 mm/month).
The greatest number of Alabagrus species were
collected by Malaise traps at La Selva in April
through September. Seventeen to 22 species were col-
lected each month during this period (Fig. lb). This
precedes the onset of the rainy season and the first
wet period of June and July. Specimens also were
most abundant in April through August (Fig. Ic).
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 5
Fewer species were collected at La Selva from
October through February, during the second part
of the wet season and the beginning of the dry sea-
son, respectively (Fig. lb). Individuals were also
least abundant from October through February
(Fig. Ic). However, an anomalous small peak in
specimen abundance occurred in January. Fifty-nine
specimens were collected in January at La Selva,
compared to 29 in December. Two of the four
abundant species in January are A. pachamama
(Fig. 4c) and A. cara Sharkey (Fig. 5e). Both of
these have bright color patterns, whereas the other
species, A. masneri Sharkey and A. arawak Shar-
key, do not. Specimen abundance and species rich-
ness for Costa Rica as a whole follow a similar
trend to La Selva (Fig. 2a, 2b), possibly because of
the inclusion of the large number of specimens from
La Selva.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE
DISTRIBUTION AT LA SELVA
Nearly one half of the specimens (44.4%) and most
of the species (84.6%) of Alabagrus collected at La
Selva were collected in the one Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots (Table 2). Four of the species found
in successional plots at La Selva were not collected
in any of the other habitats (A. cocto Sharkey, A.
may a Sharkey, A. sarapiqui new species, and A.
stigma). These plots were begun in the early 1970’s
to maintain patches of the early successional stages
of vegetation at La Selva (Hartshorn and Hammel,
1994). One of the five 0.5-ha strips is cut each Feb-
ruary on a 5-year rotation. These habitats are dom-
inated by both herbaceous and woody plants that
sprout after cutting, as well as classic pioneer spe-
cies such as Phytolacca rivmoides Kunth and Lou-
che (Phytolaccaceae) and Erechtites hieracifolia (L.)
(Asteraceae) (Hartshorn and Hammel, 1994).
Although the Malaise trap placed on the edge of
a swamp did not yield any new species of Alaba-
grus, it did yield many specimens of A. latisoma
Sharkey, which are rarely collected in other habitats
at La Selva. This trap accounted for 10.6% of the
specimens of Alabagrus and collected 61.5% of the
species. The four Malaise traps in secondary forest
collected a total of 27.7% of the specimens of Al-
abagrus and captured 76.9% of the species. No
species were found to be restricted to secondary
forest. The four Malaise traps in primary forest
caught a mere 17.3% of the specimens and only
65.4% of the species. Two species, A. derailersi
new species and A. latreillei (Spinola), were found
to be restricted to primary forest. One species, A.
kagaba Sharkey, was found to be restricted to sec-
ondary and primary forest and two species, A. cuna
Sharkey and A. mojos Sharkey, were found to be
restricted to successional plots and secondary for-
est. Although members of the genus are especially
diverse in lowland Neotropical rainforests, they ap-
pear to be primarily associated with successional
habitats.
6 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragns
Table 2. The habitat types in which each species of Al-
abagrus has been collected at La Selva.
Species
Habitat type"*
BS
SP
SF
PF
A. albispina
X
X
X
X
A. arawak
X
X
X
X
A. cara
X
X
X
X
A. cocto
X
A. combos
X
X
X
A. cuna
X
X
A. derailersi
X
A. donnai
X
X
X
A. englishi
X
X
X
A. imitatus
X
X
X
X
A. kagaba
X
X
A. latisoma
X
X
X
X
A. latreillei
X
A. maculipes
X
X
X
X
A. masneri
X
X
X
X
A. may a
X
A. mojos
X
X
A. nigritidus
X
X
X
X
A. pachamama
X
X
X
X
A. pecki
X
X
X
X
A. sarapiqui
X
A. semialbus
X
X
X
X
A. stigma
X
A. warrau
X
X
X
X
A. watsoni
X
X
X
A. yaruro
X
X
X
BS = borde suampo, SP = successional plots, SP =
secondary forest, PF = primary forest.
OVERALL DISTRIBUTION
Of the 39 species of Alabagrus that are known
from Costa Rica, 5 (12.8%) are endemic to Costa
Rica, 9 others (23.1%) are restricted to Central
America, 22 (56.4%) include South America in
their distribution, and 14 (35.9%) of these are
found on both sides of the Andes. However, only
one (2.6%) is found in the United States north of
the extreme southern tip of Florida, where two are
found because of the introduction of A. stigma
(Sharkey, 1988) and only three (7.7%) range north
of the limits of moist tropical forests in southern
Mexico.
SYSTEMATICS
Alabagrus Enderlein
Alabagrus Enderlein, 1920:203-205.
Astiria Enderlein, 1920:207-208; Sharkey 1988:
341.
Craspedobothrus Enderlein, 1920:206-207;
Sharkey 1988:341.
Liyptia Enderlein, 1920:210-211; Sharkey 1988:
341.
Diagnosis. Species of Alabagrus can be distin-
guished from other species of Agathidinae using the
key of Sharkey (1997), and by the following com-
bination of character states (Sharkey, 1988): tarsal
claws have a rounded basal lobe, the first metaso-
mal tergite is convex and often has a median lon-
gitudinal Carina (few males have two carinae pre-
sent), and the frons is bordered by carinae.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OE ALABAGRUS
OE THE WORLD
Some species of Alabagrus are slightly sexually di-
morphic in regard to sculpture, and the males of a
few species have yet to be collected. Thus, females
may be easier to identify with this key. Species
names in square brackets ([ 1) have not been col-
lected in Costa Rica.
1 Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a) . . 2
Propodeum mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 14a)
154
- Propodeum punctate in anterior half, are-
olate posteriorly (cf. Fig. 17c) .... 204
2(1) Antenna black or brown 3
- Antenna yellowish-orange 148
Antenna black or brown except distal
third yellowish-orange 151
3 (2) Metasoma entirely yellowish-orange to
red (cf. Figs. 5a, 6a) 4
- Metasoma entirely dark brown to black
(cf. Figs. 4f, 5f) 104
- Metasoma mostly yellowish-orange to
red anteriorly, but brown to black pos-
teriorly (cf. Figs. 4b, 7e) 105
4 (3) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b) 5
- Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c) 79
- Hind femur punctate ventrally (cf. Fig.
10a) 98
5 (4) Hind tarsus black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f) . . 6
- Hind tarsus yellowish-orange .... 76
- Hind tarsus orange in basal tenth, black
apically (cf. Figs. 6c, 6d)
A. voto Sharkey
6 (5) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9a) 7
- Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9b) 24
- Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) 59
- Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf.
Fig. 9c) 74
7 (6) Metapleuron black (cf. Fig. 7e) .... 8
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Fig.
7f) 10
- Metapleuron yellowish-orange in dorsal
third, black ventrally
[A. variegatus (Brulle)]
8 (7) Tergum 8 black (Fig. 5f); first median
tergite less than 1.1 X longer than wide
A. combos new species
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Tergum 8 yellowish-orange (cf. Figs. 5d,
5e); first median tergite more than 1.3
X longer than wide 9
9 (8) Forecoxa and midtarsus black (Fig. 7f);
ovipositor more than 1.2 X body
length; hind tibia with 5 to 9 spines . .
A. englishi new species
Forecoxa and midtarsus yellowish-or-
ange (cf. Figs. 6b, 6d); ovipositor less
than 0.8 X body length; hind tibia with
0 to 3 spines . . [A. variegatus (Brulle)]
10 (7) Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing yellow basally and black api-
cally with a sharp distinction (cf. Figs.
5a, 5c) 11
Forewing clear basally, black apically
(cf. Figs. 6f, 7c) 12
- Forewing entirely black but darker api-
cally (cf. Figs. 6d, 7d) 13
Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c) 14
- Forewing black except yellow or clear
basally and stigma yellow (cf. Fig. 5b)
23
11 (10) Antenna with 37 to 41 flagellomeres;
first median tergite 1.48-1.83 X longer
than wide; body length 5.77-6.98 mm;
(Fig. 3e) A. cuna Sharkey
Antenna with 34 to 36 flagellomeres;
first median tergite 1.05-1.35 X longer
than wide; body length 5.25-5.75 mm;
(Fig. 5e) A. cara Sharkey
12 (10) Mesopleuron black; ovipositor less than
1.0 X body length; body length greater
than 7 mm; midtarsus black (Fig. 7f)
A. englishi new species
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange; ovipos-
itor more than 1.2 X body length; body
length less than 6 mm; midtarsus yel-
lowish-orange (Fig. 6b)
A. arawak Sharkey
13 (10) Midcoxa black (Fig. 7a); 39 to 47 an-
tennal flagellomeres
A. cocto Sharkey
- Midcoxa entirely yellowish-orange or
yellowish-orange basally, black apically
(cf . Figs. 6a, 6b); 33 to 36 antennal fla-
gellomeres A. arawak Sharkey
14 (10) Mesopleuron black (cf. Fig. 5f) ... 15
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Fig.
5e) 22
15 (14) Flind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 16
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but
black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . . . 20
16 (15) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
weak anteriorly or absent (cf. Figs. 11b,
11c) 17
- Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
strong (cf. Fig. lid) 18
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragns ■ 7
17 (16) Ovipositor less than 1.0 X body length;
metasomal syntergite 2-1-3 less than 1.3
X longer than wide; (Fig. 8g)
A. maya Sharkey
Ovipositor greater than 1.25 X body
length; metasomal syntergite 2-^3 more
than 1.35 X longer than wide; (Fig. 7f)
A. englishi new species
18 (16) Midtarsus black (Fig. 7f)
A. englishi new species
Midtarsus yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 8c)
19
19 (18) Median syntergite 2-F3 less than 1.05 X
longer than wide; (Fig. 8c)
A. donnai new species
Median syntergite 2-1-3 greater than 1.3
X longer than wide; (Fig. 8f)
A. nigritulus (Szepligeti)
20 (15) Hind tibia mostly black (Figs. 7f, 8c)
21
- Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange (Fig.
7c) A. sarapiqui new species
21 (20) Midtarsus yellowish-orange; ovipositor
less than 0.9 X body length; (Fig. 8c)
A. donnai new species
Midtarsus black; ovipositor greater than
1.2 X body length; (Fig. 7f)
A. englishi new species
22 (14) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a); forewing
veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a);
hind tibia with 7 or more spines; (Fig.
8g) A. maya Sharkey
- Apex of scutellum with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d); forewing
vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig.
13b); hind tibia with 4 or fewer spines;
(Fig. 6b) A. arawak Sharkey
23 (10) Tergum 8 yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 5e);
first median tergite evenly convex, lack-
ing distinct bump anteromedially (cf.
Fig. 19b); antenna with 38 or fewer fla-
gellomeres .... [A. caingang Sharkey]
- Tergum 8 black (cf. Fig. 5f); first median
tergite with small longitudinal bump an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. 19a); antenna with 42
or more flagellomeres
[A. mocovi Sharkey]
24 (6) Head entirely black (cf. Fig. 6c) . . 25
- Head entirely yellowish-orange (cf. Fig.
6d) 58
- Head yellowish-orange except vertex
black or yellowish-orange except black
anteriorly ... A. maculipes (Cameron)
25 (24) Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 5f, 6f) . . .
26
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5c) 41
Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellowish-
orange dorsally (cf. Fig. 5b) 57
26 (25) Hind coxa entirely yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 7b, 7d) 27
8 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
- Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but
black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) ... 32
Hind coxa mostly black, but yellowish-
orange basally (cf. Figs. 4c, 6b) . . . 40
27 (26) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a) 28
- Metapleuron areolate rugose in ventral
quarter (cf. Fig. 15b) 38
- Metapleuron areolate rugose in ventral
half (cf. Fig. 16a) 39
28 (27) Apex of scutellum rugose, lacking trans-
verse ridge (cf. Fig. 11c) 29
- Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a) .... 30
- Apex of scutellum rugose or smooth,
with transverse ridge (cf. Figs. 11a, 12d)
32
29 (28) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
strong (cf. Fig. lid); hind tibia black
(Fig. 8c) A. donnai new species
- Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c); hind tibia
mostly yellowish-orange but black api-
cally (cf. Fig. 8e) ... [A. nio Sharkey]
30 (28) Hind femur entirely black or black with
a yellowish-orange area distolaterally
(Fig. 8e) A. tripartitus (Brulle)
- Hind femur mostly to entirely yellow-
ish-orange (cf. Figs. 5a, 5c) 31
31 (30, 38) Ovipositor longer than 1.2 X body
length; first median tergite 1.34-1.49
X longer than wide; midtarsus black
A. englishi new species
- Ovipositor shorter than 1.0 X body
length; first median tergite 0.86-1.22
X longer than wide; midtarsus often
yellowish-orange but sometimes black
36
32 (26, 28) Ovipositor shorter than 1.0 X body
length; first median tergite 0.82-1.23
X longer than wide; median synter-
gite 2 + 3 0.89-1.27 X longer than
wide 33
Ovipositor longer than 1.1 X body
length; first median tergite 1.34-1.49
X longer than wide; median synter-
gite 2 + 3 1.35-1.60 X longer than
wide 37
33 (32) Antenna with less than 40 flagello-
meres 34
Antenna with 40 or more flagellomeres
35
34 (33) Median syntergite 2+3 1.12-1.24 X
longer than wide; antenna with 36 to
39 flagellomeres; body length 5.48-
7.81 mm; (Fig. 7b)
A. albispina (Cameron)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 0.89-1.05 X
longer than wide; antenna with 32 to
39 flagellomeres; body length 4.93-
5.76 mm; (Fig. 8c)
. A. donnai new species
35 (33) Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c), or clear basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (cf.
Figs. 7b, 7d); hind tibia with 4 to 13
spines; scutullar sulcus usually with
weak to strong median ridge (cf. Figs.
11b, lid), but occasionally without
median ridge (cf. Fig. 11c) 36
- Forewing entirely black but darker in
apical quarter to tenth (Fig. 7c); hind
tibia with 2 to 5 spines; scutellar sulcus
without median ridge (cf. Fig. 11c) . .
A. sarapiqui new species
36 (31, 35) Propleuron black (Fig. 7b); hind femur
rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c); gena
rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b)
A. albispina (Cameron)
- Propleuron dark brown or black (Fig.
7d, but can be browner); hind femur
usually smooth ventrally (except some
males) (cf. Fig. 10b); gena with obtuse
angle posteroventrally (but may ap-
pear rounded) (cf. Fig. 9c)
A. roibasi Sharkey
37 (32) Midtarsus black (Fig. 7f); hind tibia
with fewer than 10 spines
A. englishi new species
- Midtarsus yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7a, 7c); hind tibia with more than 12
spines [A. xolotl Sharkey]
38 (27) Ovipositor sheath black; body length
4. 5-8. 5 mm; antenna with 32 to 45
flagellomeres . 31
- Ovipositor sheath mostly black but
yellow at apex; body length 9.1-11.0
mm; antenna with 45 to 48 flagello-
meres A. nicoya Sharkey
39 (27) Metanotum black; anterior transverse
Carina of propodeum complete (cf. Fig.
11a, ATC); hind femur more than 4.0
X longer than wide
[A. texanus (Cresson)]
Metanotum yellowish-orange; anterior
transverse carina of propodeum weak-
ly defined or absent (cf. Figs. 11b,
11c); hind femur less than 3.0 X lon-
ger than wide ... A. nicoya Sharkey
40 (26) Ovipositor less than 1.0 X length of
body; first median tergite without an-
terolateral converging carinae; (Fig.
7b) ....... A. albispina (Cameron)
- Ovipositor longer than 1.4 X length of
body; first median tergite with antero-
lateral converging carinae; (Fig. 6e) . .
A. parvifaciatus (Cameron)
41 (25) Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (cf.
Figs. 5a, 5c) ... 42
Forewing dear basally and black api-
cally, or entirely black but darker api-
cally (Fig. 6b) . . A. araivak Sharkey
Contributions in Science, Number 497
- Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c) 45
Forewing yellow basally, gradually be-
coming infuscate apically
[A. masoni Sharkey]
42 (41) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
strong (cf. Fig. lid); hind tibia mostly
yellowish-orange except black apically
(cf. Figs. 6b, 6d) 43
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c) or absent
(cf. Fig. 11a); hind tibia black (cf. Fig.
6f) or mostly yellowish-orange except
black apically (cf. Figs. 6b, 6d) . . 44
43 (42) Antenna with 37 to 41 flagellomeres;
first median tergite 1.48-1.83 X lon-
ger than wide; body length 5.77-6.98
mm; (Fig. 3e) .... A. cuna Sharkey
Antenna with 34 to 36 flagellomeres;
first median tergite 1.05-1.35 X lon-
ger than wide; body length 5.25-5.75
mm; (Fig. 5e) A. cara Sharkey
44 (42) Metapleuron with several crenulae
along ventral margin; malar space
0.45-0.52 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena;
(Fig. 5e) A. cara Sharkey
Metapleuron with no crenulae along
ventral margin; malar space 0.57-0.79
X the distance from the eye to the
maximum extent of the gena; (Fig. 5a)
A. pecki Sharkey
45 (41) Hind coxa entirely yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 7b, 7d) 46
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical fifth (cf. Fig 6b, but
less black) 55
- Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . .
A. arawak Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth
A. masneri Sharkey
46 (45) Median areola of metanotum not ex-
cavated, posterior margin not elevated
(cf. Fig. 17a) .... [A. carih Sharkey]
Median areola of metanotum deeply
excavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or metanotum
bisected by strong median longitudinal
ridge 47
47 (46) Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 6b, 6d) 48
- Hind tibia mostly black (cf. Figs. 6c,
6f) 54
48 (47) Antenna with 33 to 45 flagellomeres;
forefemur, midfemur, and midtibia
usually black, but sometimes yellow-
ish-orange 49
- Antenna with 47 or more flagello-
meres; forefemur, midfemur, and mid-
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 9
tibia yellowish-orange
... [A. marginatifrons (Muesebeck)]
49 (48) Hind tibia with more than 10 spines;
midtibia with more than 6 spines 50
- Hind tibia with fewer than 8 spines;
midtibia with fewer than 5 spines 51
50 (49) Ovipositor 1.3-1. 6 X body length;
hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange but
black in apical and basal sixth
A. imitatus (Cresson)
- Ovipositor 1.1 X body length; hind
tibia mostly yellowish-orange with a
black area laterally
[A. xolotl Sharkey]
51 (49) Ovipositor 0. 5-1.0 X longer than
body 52
- Ovipositor 1.1-1. 6 X longer than
body 53
52 (51) Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical third to eighth; ma-
lar space 0.50-0.62 X the distance
from the eye to the maximum extent
of the gena; (Fig. 6b)
A. arawak Sharkey
- Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange
but black in basal and apical sixth;
malar space 0.73-1.00 X the distance
from the eye to the maximum extent
of the gena; (Fig. 6a)
A. derailersi new species
53 (51) Ovipositor 1.3-1. 6 X body length
(Fig. 3f) A. imitatus (Cresson)
Ovipositor 0.7-1. 3 X body length;
(Fig. 6a) . . A. derailersi new species
54 (47) Maxillary and labial palpomeres
black; ovipositor less than 1.0 X body
length [A. varipes (Cresson)]
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange or mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black basally; ovipositor
greater than 1.3 X body length
A. imitatus (Cresson)
55 (45) Hind femur black or mostly yellowish-
orange but black in basal and apical
twelfth (cf. Figs. 6f, 6c)
A. ?nas?ieri Sharkey
- Hind femur entirely yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 6b, 6d) 56
56 (55) Ovipositor 0.7-1. 3 X body length;
(Fig. 6a) . . A. derailersi new species
Ovipositor 1.3-1. 6 X body length;
(Fig. 3f) A. imitatus (Cresson)
57 (25) Foretrochanter black; foretrochantellus
black; forefemur black; foretibia black;
midtrochanter black (Fig. 3f)
A. imitatus (Cresson)
- Foretrochanter yellowish-orange; fore-
trochantellus yellowish-orange; forefe-
mur yellowish-orange; foretibia yel-
lowish-orange; midtrochanter yellow-
ish-orange
... [A. marginatifrons (Muesebeck)]
10 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
58 (24)
59 (6)
60 (59)
61 (60)
62 (61)
63 (62)
64 (62)
65 (60)
66 (59)
67 (66)
Hind tibia black (cf. Figs. 6c, 6f); max-
illary and labial palpomeres black . . .
[A. varipes (Cresson)]
Hind tibia mostly yellow but black in
apical eighth (cf. Figs. 6b, 6d); maxil-
lary and labial palpomeres yellowish-
orange .... A. maculipes (Cameron)
Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
60
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 66
Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsally (cf. Fig. 5b) . . .
A. yaruro Sharkey
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 61
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but
black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) ... 65
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing banded from base: clear,
black, clear, black; or black basally,
clear apically (Fig. 8e)
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c) 62
Midtarsus black or brown (cf. Figs. 6a,
6f) 63
Midtarsus yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
6b, 6c) 64 71 (69)
Gena usually acute (cf. Fig. 9d); fore-
wing often banded from base: clear,
black, clear, black, but may be black
basally and clear apically or entirely 72 (71)
and evenly black (Fig. 8e)
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Gena usually right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a);
forewing entirely and evenly black -
(Fig. 8g) A. maya Sharkey
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
weak to absent (cf. Figs, lla-llc);
hind tibia with 7 to 11 spines; (Fig. 8g)
A. maya Sharkey 73 (67)
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
strong (cf. Fig. lid); hind tibia with 3
to 5 spines; (Fig. 8f)
A. nigritulus (Szepligeti)
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c); maxil-
lary and labial palpomeres yellowish-
orange; tergum 6 black
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing entirely black (Fig. 7c); max- 74 (6)
illary and labial palpomeres mostly
yellowish-orange but black basally;
tergum 6 yellowish-orange
A. sarapiqui new species
Head black 67
Head yellowish-orange except labrum
black [A. caquetio Sharkey] 75 (74)
Midcoxa black (cf. Fig. 6f) 68
Midcoxa yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 6d)
69
- Midcoxa yellowish-orange basally,
black apically (cf. Fig. 6b) 73
68 (67) Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (Fig.
5d); hind coxa variable
A. yaruro Sharkey
- Forewing entirely black but darker
apically (Fig. 7a); hind coxa mostly
yellowish-orange but black laterally
A. cocto Sharkey
- Forewing entirely and evenly black
(Fig. 8g); hind coxa entirely yellowish-
orange A. maya Sharkey
69 (67) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a) ... 70
Apex of scutellum with transverse, ru-
gose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a)
A. cuna Sharkey
- Apex of scutellum with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d) 71
70 (69) Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (Fig.
5e); foretrochanter and trochantellus
yellowish-orange; forefemur yellow-
ish-orange A. cara Sharkey
Forewing entirely black (Fig. 8g); fore-
trochanter and trochantellus black;
forefemur black . . A. maya Sharkey
Antenna with 33 to 36 flagellomeres;
(Figs. 3e, 6b) 72
Antenna with 37 to 41 flagellomeres;
(Fig. 5e) A. cara Sharkey
Foretrochanter and trochantellus
black; forefemur black; midtrochanter
black; midtibia black (Fig. 6b) . . .
A. arawak Sharkey
Foretrochanter and trochantellus yel-
lowish-orange; forefemur yellowish-
orange; midtrochanter yellowish-or-
ange; midtibia yellowish-orange (Fig.
3e) A. cuna Sharkey
Apex of scutellum with transverse, ru-
gose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a); body length
7. 8-8. 2 mm; antenna with 43 to 47
flagellomeres; (Fig. 5d)
A. yaruro Sharkey
Apex of scutellum with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d); body
length 4. 0-6. 5 mm; antenna with 33
to 36 flagellomeres; (Fig. 6b) ....
A. arawak Sharkey
Metapleuron black (Fig. 5f)
A. combos new species
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Fig.
7d) 75
Metapleuron yellowish-orange in dor-
sal third, black ventrally
A. roibasi Sharkey
Median areola of metanotum not ex-
cavated, posterior margin not elevated
Contributions in Science, Number 497
(cf. Fig. 17a); antenna with 34 to 38
flagellomeres; (Fig. 8d)
A. arua Sharkey
Median areola of metanotum deeply
excavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by
strong median longitudinal ridge; an-
tenna with 40 to 44 flagellomeres;
(Fig. 7d) A. roibasi Sharkey
76 (5) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9a) 77
- Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) [A. guayaki Sharkey]
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) 78
77 (76) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a); antenna with 42 flagellomeres;
median longitudinal ridge of scutum
absent (cf. Fig. 11a); tergum 8 black
[A. watachupa Sharkey]
Scutellar sulcus with median ridge (cf.
Fig. 11b); antenna with 37 to 38 fla-
gellomeres; median longitudinal ridge
of scutum strong (cf. Fig. lid); tergum
8 yellowish-orange
[A. caingang Sharkey]
78 (76) Head black (cf. Fig. 6c); forewing yel-
low basally and black apically with a
sharp distinction (cf. Figs. 5a, 5c); an-
terior transverse carina of propodeum
absent (cf. Fig. 17d); foretrochanter
and trochantellus black
lA. sispacara Sharkey]
-- Head yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 6d);
forewing black with stigma yellow (cf.
Fig. 5b); anterior transverse carina of
propodeum complete (cf. Fig. lid);
foretrochanter and trochantellus yel-
lowish-orange . . [A. oyana Sharkey]
79 (4) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9a) 80
~ Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 85
•- Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) 93
80 (79) Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
81
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 82
- Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsaily (cf. Fig. 5b) . . .
[A. calibi Sharkey]
81 (80) Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d); hind femur yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 5d, 5e); maxillary and labial
palpomeres yellowish-orange; midtar-
sus yellowish-orange (cf. Figs. 6c, 6d)
A. nigritulus (Szepligeti)
- Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c);
hind femur black basally and yellow-
ish-orange apically; maxillary and la-
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 11
bial palpomeres black; midtarsus black
(cf. Figs. 6a, 6f)
[A. coatlicue Sharkey]
82 (80) Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 83
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but
black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) ... 84
83 (82) Foretrochanter and trochantellus
black; forefemur black; midtibia black
(Fig. 6b) A. araivak Sharkey
Foretrochanter and trochantellus yel-
lowish-orange; forefemur yellowish-
orange; midtibia yellowish-orange
(Fig. 3e) A. cuna Sharkey
84 (82) Hind femur yellowish-orange; foretro-
chanter and trochantellus black (Fig.
6b) A. araivak Sharkey
Hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in basal twelfth; foretrochanter
and trochantellus yellowish-orange (Fig.
5c) A. warrau Sharkey
85 (79) Hind tarsus black 86
- Hind tarsus yellowish-orange ....
[A. cora Sharkey]
- Hind tarsus orange in basal tenth,
black apically .... A. stigma (Brulle)
86 (85) Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
87
- Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 89
- Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsaily (Fig. 5b)
A. stigma (Brulle)
87 (86) Hind femur 3.15-4.47 X longer than
wide; maxillary and labial palpomeres
entirely yellowish-orange or mostly
yellowish-orange but black basally;
ovipositor sheath black 88
- Hind femur 2.5-2. 9 X longer than
wide; maxillary and labial palpomeres
mostly black but yellowish-orange api-
cally; ovipositor sheath mostly black
but yellow at apex
A. nicoya Sharkey
88 (87) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a) or areolate rugose in ventral
quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); antenna with 36
to 41 flagellomeres
A. albispina (Gameron)
- Metapleuron areolate rugose in ventral
half (cf. Fig. 16a); antenna with 41 to
45 flagellomeres
[A. texanus (Cresson)]
89 (86) Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 90
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . .
92
90 (89) Antenna with less than 37 flagellomeres;
forewing not black to clear except stig-
ma yellow (Figs. 3e, 6b) 91
- Antenna with 39 to 40 flagellomeres;
12 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragns
91 (90)
92 (89)
93 (79)
94 (93)
95 (94)
96 (95)
97 (95)
98 (4)
99 (98)
forewing black to clear except stigma
yellow (Fig. 5b) ... A. stigma (Brulle)
Foretrochanter and trochantellus
black; forefemur black; midtibia black
(Fig. 6b) A. aratvak Sharkey
Foretrochanter and trochantellus yel-
lowish-orange; forefemur yellowish-
orange; midtibia yellowish-orange
(Fig. 3e) A. cuna Sharkey
Hind femur yellowish-orange; foretro-
chanter and trochantellus black (Fig.
6b) A. arawak Sharkey
Hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in basal twelfth; foretrochanter
and trochantellus yellowish-orange (Fig.
5c) A. warrau Sharkey
Head entirely black 94
Head entirely yellowish-orange . . .
[A. oyana Sharkey]
Head yellowish-orange except labrum
black [A. caquetio Sharkey]
Head black except apical part of gena
yellow ... [A. testacens (Szepligeti)]
Mesopleuron black; mesonotum black
(Fig. 8f) ... A. nigritulus (Szepligeti)
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange; me-
sonotum yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7e, 7f) 95
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 96
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . .
97
Foretrochanter and trochantellus
black; forefemur black; midtibia black
(Fig. 6b) A. arawak Sharkey
Foretrochanter and trochantellus yel-
lowish-orange; forefemur yellowish-
orange; midtibia yellowish-orange
(Fig. 3e) A. cuna Sharkey
Hind femur yellowish-orange; foretro-
chanter and trochantellus black (Fig.
6b) A. arawak Sharkey
Hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in basal twelfth; foretrochanter
and trochantellus yellowish-orange (Fig.
5c) A. warrau Sharkey
Gena right-angled or with obtuse an-
gle posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a) ....
A. combos new species
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 99
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) 103
Hind coxa entirely yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 7b, 7d) . 100
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical fifth, or black but
yellowish-orange in basal twelfth . . .
A. masneri Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
100 (99)
101 (100)
102 (100)
103 (98)
104 (3)
105 (3)
106 (105)
107 (106)
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . .
[A. intimapa Sharkey]
Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
101
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 102
Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsally (Fig. 5b)
A. stigma (Brulle)
Foretarsus black; midtibia with up to
4 spines; hind tibia mostly yellowish-
orange but black apically (cf. Figs. 5d,
5e); maxillary and labial palpomeres
black [A. sanctus (Say)]
Foretarsus yellowish-orange; midtibia
with 5 to 9 spines; hind tibia black (cf.
Figs. 6c, 6f); maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres yellowish-orange
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (Fig.
5a) A. pecki Sharkey
Forewing black with stigma yellow
(Fig. 5b) A. stigma (Brulle)
Pronotum black; mesopleuron black;
hind coxa yellowish-orange; hind tibia
with 4 to 11 spines; (Fig. 8e) ....
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Pronotum yellowish-orange; meso-
pleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Figs. 5c,
5d); hind coxa mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a,
7c); hind tibia with 3 spines
[A. olmec Sharkey]
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b); metapleuron mostly smooth
(cf. Fig. 15a); antenna with 50 flagel-
lomeres [A. ekchuah Sharkey]
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf.
Fig. 9c); metapleuron areolate rugose
in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); anten-
na with 40 flagellomeres
[A. ixtilton Sharkey]
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b) 106
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c) 142
Hind femur punctate ventrally (cf. Fig.
10a) 146
Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9a) ..... 107
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 117
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) . . . . 128
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf.
Fig. 9c) 138
Propodeum black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e) . . .
108
Propodeum yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
4e, 7f) 109
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 13
108 (107)
109 (107)
no (109)
111 (109)
112 (111)
113 (112)
114 (109)
115 (114)
116 (109)
Midtarsus black; hind tibia black (Fig.
7e) A. tricarinatus (Cameron)
Midtarsus yellowish-orange; hind tibia
mostly yellowish-orange but black api-
cally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c)
[A. waorani Sharkey]
Flind coxa entirely black (cf. Fig. 7e)
no
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) Ill
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but
black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . . 114
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth
A. mojos Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange posteriorly 116
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a); hind femur black; terga 4 to 6
black (Fig. 7e)
A. tricarinatus (Cameron)
Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid); hind femur mostly
black with a yellowish-orange area ap-
icolaterally; terga 4 to 6 yellowish-or-
ange (Fig. 5f) .
A. combos new species
Hind tarsus black 112
Hind tarsus yellowish-orange ....
[A. watachupa Sharkey]
Metapleuron black (Fig. 7e)
A. tricarinatus (Cameron)
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 7d, 7f) 113
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing entirely and evenly black
(Fig. 8g) A. maya Sharkey
Forewing black except yellow or clear
basally and stigma yellow (cf. Fig. 5b)
[A. mocovi Sharkey]
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing clear basally and black api-
cally, or black except yellow or clear
basally and stigma yellow (cf. Figs. 5b,
7c) [A. fnuisca Sharkey]
Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Fip. 6a, 6c) 115
Hind tibia black; maxillary and labial
palpomeres yellowish orange; midtar-
sus black (Fig. 6f)
A. watsoni new species
Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical tenth; maxillary
and labial palpomeres mostly yellow-
ish-orange but black basally; midtar-
sus yellowish-orange (Fig. 7c) ....
A. sarapiqui new species
Scutellar sulcus with a strong median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b); maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres black; terga 5 and 6
black (cf. Figs. 6f, 7e)
[A. wachapu Sharkey]
- Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid); maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres yellowish-orange; ter-
ga 5 and 6 yellowish-orange (Fig. 5f)
A. combos new species
117 (106) Hind tarsus black; midcoxa and mid-
tibia black; forefemur and foretibia
black 118
- Hind tarsus yellowish-orange; mid-
coxa black anteriorly, yellowish-or-
ange posteriorly; midtibia yellowish-
orange; forefemur black in basal half,
yellowish-orange apically; foretibia
yellowish-orange
[A. guayaki Sharkey]
118 (117) Metapleuron black (Fig. 7e)
A. tricarinatus (Cameron)
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 7c, 7f) 119
- Metapleuron yellowish-orange in dor-
sal third, black ventrally 127
119 (118) Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 120
- Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c) . .
124
- Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth 126
120 (119) Scutum highly elevated; maxillary and
labial palpomeres black; antenna with
32 or 33 flagellomeres
[A. elatoscutum Sharkey]
- Scutum not highly elevated; maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-or-
ange or yellowish-orange but black ba-
sally; antenna with 36 to 44 flagello-
meres 121
121 (120) Midtarsus black (cf. Figs. 6a, 6f) 122
- Midtarsus yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
6b, 6d) 123
122 (121) Hind femur entirely yellowish-orange,
or mostly yellowish-orange but black
in apical and basal eighth to tenth; me-
tapleuron with several crenulae along
ventral margin; (Fig. 7b)
A. albispina (Cameron)
- Hind femur entirely black, or mostly
black with a yellowish-orange area
distolaterally; metapleuron with no
crenulae along ventral margin; (Fig.
8e) A. tripartitus (Brulle)
123 (121, 124) Propleuron black; hind femur ru-
gose ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c); gena
rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b);
(Fig. 7b) ... A. albispina (Cameron)
- Propleuron dark brown or black; hind
femur usually smooth ventrally (ex-
cept some males) (cf. Fig. 10b); gena
14 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
124 (119)
125 (124)
126 (119)
127 (118)
128 (106)
129 (128)
130 (129)
131 (130)
132 (131)
133 (132)
with obtuse angle posteroventrally
(but may appear rounded) (cf. Fig.
9c); (Fig. 7d) ... A. roibasi Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with strong to weak me-
dian ridge (cf. Figs. 11b, lid) . . 123
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a) 125
Hind tibia usually entirely black, but
sometimes mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical half to third (Fig.
7b) A. albispina (Cameron)
Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical tenth (Fig. 7c) . . .
A. sarapiqui new species
Ovipositor 1.5 X length of body; first
median tergite with anterolateral con-
verging carinae (cf. Fig. 19e); (Fig. 6e)
A. parvifaciatus (Cameron)
Ovipositor 0.6-0. 9 X length of body;
first median tergite without anterolat-
eral converging carinae (cf. Fig. 19a-
19d); (Fig. 7b)
A. albispina (Cameron)
Scutellar sulcus with strong median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b); forewing yellow
basally and black apically with a
sharp distinction (cf. Figs. 5a, 5c) . . .
[A. diegeli Sharkey]
Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid); forewing entirely
and evenly black, or clear basally,
black apically with a sharp distinction
(cf. Figs. 6a, 7d)
A. roibasi Sharkey
Propodeum black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e) . .
[A. puri Sharkey]
Propodeum yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
4e, 7f) 129
Hind tarsus black 130
Hind tarsus yellowish-orange .....
[A. shorteri Sharkey]
Metapleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
[A. mane Sharkey]
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 131
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
7b, 7d) 132
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c)
136
Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a) ... 133
Apex of scutellum with transverse,
smooth ridge or mostly smooth with
several weak punctures
A. pachamama Sharkey
Apex of scutellum with transverse, ru-
gose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a)
[A. erythromelas (Brulle)]
Tergum 8 yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5e) 134
Tergum 8 black (cf. Figs. 4b, 5f) 135
134 (133)
135 (133)
136 (131)
137 (136)
138 (106)
139 (138)
140 (138)
141 (140)
Gena usually acute (cf. Fig. 9d); fore-
wing often banded from base: clear,
black, clear, black, but may be black
basally and clear apically, or entirely
and evenly black; (Fig. 8e)
A. tripart itus (Brulle)
Gena usually right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a);
forewing entirely and evenly black
(Fig. 8g) A. maya Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a); forewing color pattern
banded from base: yellow, black, yel-
low, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with strong to weak
median ridge (cf. Figs. 11b, lid); fore-
wing color pattern banded from base:
clear, black, clear, black, or entirely
black, or black basally and clear api-
cally; (Fig. 8e)
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Hind tibia black (Fig. 6f)
A. watsoni new species
Hind tibia mostly yellow but black
apically (cf. Figs. 6b, 6d) 137
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black; maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres yellowish-orange; ter-
gum 6 black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Forewing entirely black; maxillary
and labial palpomeres mostly yellow-
ish-orange but black basally; tergum 6
yellowish-orange (Fig. 7c)
A. sarapiqui new species
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a) A. jucbuy Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with strong median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b) 139
Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid) 140
Metapleuron black; metapleuron are-
olate rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig.
15b); forewing clear basally, black
apically (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c); midtibia
with more than 7 spines
. [A. mixcoatl Sharkey]
Metapleuron yellowish-orange; meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a);
forewing pattern entirely and evenly
black (cf. Figs. 6a, 6c); midtibia with
fewer than 5 spines
A. arua Sharkey
Metapleuron black (Fig. 5f)
A. combos new species
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 141
Metapleuron yellowish-orange in dor-
sal third, black ventrally
A. roibasi Sharkey
Median areola of metanotum not ex-
cavated, posterior margin not elevat-
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 15
142 (105)
143 (142)
144 (143)
145 (142)
146 (105)
147 (146)
148 (2)
ed (cf. Fig. 17a); antenna with 34 to
38 flagellomeres; (Fig. 8d)
A. arua Sharkey
Median areola of metanotum deeply
excavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by
strong median longitudinal ridge; an-
tenna with 40 to 44 flagellomeres;
(Fig. 7d) A. roibasi Sharkey
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a)
A. semialbus (Szepligeti)
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 143
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) . 145
Forewing black except clear apically
(Fig. 4f); propodeum black; metapleu-
ron black; tergum 1 yellowish-orange
but black in posterior quarter; tergum
2 black dorsally, yellowish-orange
elsewhere . . A. semialbus (Szepligeti)
Forewing not black except clear api-
cally; propodeum yellowish-orange;
metapleuron yellowish-orange; terga 1
and 2 yellowish-orange 144
Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a) or areolate rugose in ventral
quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); body length
5.4-7.9 mm; (Fig. 7b)
A. albispina (Cameron)
Metapleuron areolate rugose in ven-
tral half (cf. Fig. 16a); body length
9.3-10.5 mm; (Fig. 3g)
A. nahuatl Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with one weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid); metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange in dorsal third, black
ventrally; metapleuron mostly smooth
(cf. Fig. 15a)
A. latisoma Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with two or more
ridges (cf. Fig. 17c); metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; metapleuron complete-
ly areolate rugose
[A. alixa Sharkey]
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a) 147
Gena rounded or acute posteroventrally
(cf. Figs. 9b, 9d)
A. tripartitus (Brulle)
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf.
Fig. 9c) A. combos new species
Pronotum yellowish-orange; meso-
pleuron yellowish-orange; metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange; propleuron yel-
lowish-orange
[A. fucistigma Enderlein]
Pronotum black; mesopleuron black;
metapleuron black; propleuron black
A. combos new species
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
149 (148)
150 (149)
151 (2)
152 (151)
153 (152)
154(1)
10b); hind coxa yellowish-orange; me-
sonotum yellowish orange (cf. Figs.
4e, 5e) 149
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c); hind coxa black; mesonotum
black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
[A. botocudo Sharkey]
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a); scutellar sulcus mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 12a); metapleuron
mostly yellowish orange with black
area laterally; antenna with up to 36
flagellomeres
[A. versicolor (Brethes)]
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b); scutellar sulcus with median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b); metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; antenna with 46 fla-
gellomeres or more 150
Scutellar sulcus with one ridge (cf. Fig.
11b); hind tarsus black; forecoxa and
midcoxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5c)
[A. marginatifrons (Muesebeck)]
Scutellar sulcus with two or more
ridges (cf. Fig. 17c); hind tarsus yel-
lowish-orange; forecoxa and midcoxa
black (cf. Figs. 7c, 7d)
[A. triangulifer (Enderlein)]
Metasoma entirely yellowish-orange
to red (cf. Eigs. 5a, 6a); scutellar sul-
cus with median ridge (cf. Eig. 11b);
tergum 8 yellowish-orange .... 152
Metasoma mostly yellowish-orange to
red anteriorly, but brown to black
posteriorly (cf. Eigs. 4f, 6f); scutellar
sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Eig. 12a);
tergum 8 black
[A. parunapi Sharkey]
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Eig.
10b) 153
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Eig.
10c) [A. aa Sharkey]
Hind femur punctate ventrally (cf. Eig.
10a) [A. llampu Sharkey]
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Eig. 9a); head yellowish-orange
(cf. Eig. 6d); metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Eig. 15a); hind tibia with
up to 4 spines .... [A. aa Sharkey]
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Eig. 9b); head black (cf. Eig. 6c); me-
tapleuron areolate rugose in ventral
quarter (cf. Eig. 15b); hind tibia with
5 to 9 spines
[A. marginatifrons (Muesebeck)]
Metasoma entirely yellowish-orange
to red (cf. Eigs. 5a, 6a) 155
Metasoma entirely dark brown to
black 171
Metasoma mostly yellowish-orange to
16 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
155 (154)
156 (155)
157 (156)
158 (157)
159 (157)
160 (159)
161 (159)
162 (161)
163 (161)
red anteriorly, but brown to black
posteriorly (cf. Figs. 4f, 6f) . . . . 172
Metasoma black dorsally, yellowish-or-
ange ventrally ..... [A. uru Sharkey]
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b) 156
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c) [A. mataco Sharkeyl
Hind femur punctate ventrally (cf. Fig.
10a) . 169
Antenna black 157
Antenna yellowish-orange
[A. kiska Sharkey]
Propodeum black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e) . .
. 158
Propodeum yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
4e, 7f) 159
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange; scutellar sulcus mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 12a) or with weak
median ridge (cf. Fig. lid); antenna
with 38 to 42 flagellomeres
A. englishi new species
Maxillary and labial palpomeres
black; scutellar sulcus with strong me-
dian ridge (cf. Fig. 11b); antenna with
50 to 51 flagellomeres
[A. pisipuka Sharkey]
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a) 160
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 161
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) ...... A. pachamama Sharkey
Terga 6 to 8 black; forewing banded
from base: yellow, black, yellow, black
(Fig. 4c) ... A. pachamama Sharkey
Terga 6 to 8 yellowish-orange; fore-
wing entirely black or clear basally
and black apically; (Fig. 7f) ....
A. englishi new species
Mesopleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
162
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 163
Mesopleuron black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsally (cf. Fig. 5b) ....
A. imitatus (Cresson)
Hind coxa yellowish-orange or mostly
yellowish-orange but black laterally
(cf. Figs. 5a, 5d, 7a, 7c); metanotum
black (Fig. 7f)
A. englishi new species
Hind coxa mostly black but yellow-
ish-orange in basal twelfth; metano-
tum yellowish-orange (Fig. 6e) . .
. A. parvifaciatus (Cameron)
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5d) 164
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical fifth (cf. Figs. 5c,
5e) 168
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth
. A. masneri Sharkey
164 (163) Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (Fig.
5a) A. pecki Sharkey
“ Forewing entirely and evenly black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c) ............... 165
165 (164) Propleuron black (cf. Figs. 6a, 6b) . .
... ... 166
- Propleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5c) 167
166 (165, 168) Ovipositor 1.3-1. 6 X body length;
(Fig. 3f) A. imitatus (Cresson)
- Ovipositor 0.7-1. 3 X body length;
(Fig. 6a) . . A. derailersi new species
167 (165) Hind femur yellowish-orange; foretro-
chanter and trochantellus black; forefe-
mur black (Fig. 3f)
168 (163)
169 (155)
170 (169)
171 (154)
172 (154)
A. imitatus (Cresson)
Hind femur mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical eighth and basal
tenth; foretrochanter and trochantellus
yellowish-orange; forefemur yellowish-
orange (cf. Figs. 4e, 5e)
[A. uchuk Sharkey]
Hind femur black or mostly yellowish-
orange but black in basal and apical
twelfth A. masneri Sharkey
Hind femur yellowish-orange ... 166
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (Fig. 5a)
A. pecki Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical fifth (cf. Figs. 5c,
5e) 170
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth
A. masneri Sharkey
Foretarsus and midtarsus black (cf.
Figs. 7e, 7f); body length greater than
10 mm; antenna with 45 to 49 flagel-
lomeres ........ [A. xipe Sharkey]
Foretarsus and midtarsus yellowish-
orange (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c); body length
less than 8 mm; antenna with 32 to 36
flagellomeres . . A. masneri Sharkey
Antenna black; scutellar sulcus with
median ridge (cf. Fig. 11b); forecoxa
and midcoxa black (cf. Figs. 7c, 7d)
[A. pisipuka Sharkey]
Antenna yellowish-orange; scutellar
sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a);
forecoxa and midcoxa yellowish-or-
ange (cf. Figs. 6a, 6d) ...........
[A. paqo Sharkey]
Margin between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a)
................. 173
Margin between metepisternum and
metepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 16f)
192
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 17
173 (172)
174 (173)
175 (174)
176 (175)
177 (176)
178 (174)
179 (178)
180 (179)
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b) 174
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c) [A. caudatus (Szepligeti)]
Propodeum black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e) . .
175
Propodeum yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
4e, 7f) 178
Propodeum mostly black but yellow-
ish-orange posteriorly (Plate I) ...
A. kagaba Sharkey
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b); head yellowish-orange ante-
riorly, black posteriorly; maxillary and
labial palpomeres black
[A. plaumanni Sharkey]
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d); head black; maxillary and labial
palpomeres yellowish-orange . . 176
Hind coxa entirely black (cf. Figs. 4f,
5f) 177
Hind coxa entirely yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 5a, 5d)
[A. waiivai Sharkey]
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c)
A. kagaba Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly yellowish orange
but black in apical third (cf. Figs. 5c,
5e) [A. lokono Sharkey]
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in basal third
[A. sispalatreillei Sharkey]
Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a); first me-
dian tergite with well-defined median
longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 19c); hind
femur and tibia yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 5a, 5d)
[A. leptosoma Sharkey]
Apex of scutellum with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d); first median
tergite evenly convex, lacking distinct
bump anteromedially (cf. Fig. 19b);
hind femur and tibia black (cf. Figs. 4f,
6f) [A. parusimi Sharkey]
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a) 179
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 182
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) . 185
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly
(cf. Fig. 9c)
A. varius (Enderlein)
Metapleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
180
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 5e) 181
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a); hind coxa mostly yellowish-
orange but black laterally; forewing
181 (179)
182 (178)
183 (182)
184 (182)
185 (178)
186 (185)
187 (186)
yellow basally and black apically with
a sharp distinction (cf. Figs. 5a, 5c)
[A. aymara Sharkey]
Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid); hind coxa black
but yellowish-orange posteriorly; fore-
wing black with stigma yellow (Fig.
3b) A. miqa Sharkey
First median tergite with well-defined
median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig.
19c); hind tibia with 6 to 8 spines;
(Fig. 4a) A. janzeni Sharkey
First median tergite without well-de-
fined median longitudinal carina (cf.
Figs. 19a, 19b); hind tibia with 4 or 5
spines; (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly black (cf. Figs. 4e,
4f) 183
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
(cf. Figs. 5a, 5d) 184
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in basal twelfth (Fig. 6e) . . . .
A. parvifaciatus (Cameron)
Forewing entirely black (Fig. 6e); an-
tenna with 40 to 45 flagellomeres . .
A. parvifaciatus (Cameron)
Forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black (Fig. 8b); antenna
with 49 to 52 flagellomeres
A. varius (Enderlein)
Sternaulus with several foveae poster-
oventrally and smooth groove (cf. Eig.
16f); hind tibia with up to 4 spines;
notaulus deeply impressed (cf. Eig.
lid) [A. suni Sharkey]
Sternaulus long, distinct and com-
posed of many small foveae (cf. Eig.
15b); hind tibia with 10 spines or
more; notaulus weakly impressed (cf.
Fig. 12a) . . [A. yanamapa Sharkey]
Hind tarsus black 186
Hind tarsus yellowish-orange
[A. tupinamba Sharkey]
Hind coxa black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e) ...
187
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Figs.
5a, 5d) 188
Hind coxa mostly black but yellowish-
orange in apical eighth (Fig. 4a) ....
A. janzeni Sharkey
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical fifth (cf. Fig. 5e)
A. latreillei (Spinola)
Hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally (cf. Figs. 7a, 7c)
190
Hind coxa black but yellowish-orange
posteriorly (Fig. 3b)
A. miqa Sharkey
Mesopleuron black (Fig. 4a); apex of
scutellum smooth, lacking transverse
18 1 Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
188 (186)
189 (188)
190 (186)
191 (190)
192 (172)
193 (192)
194 (193)
195 (193)
196 (195)
ridge (cf. Fig. 12a); first median tergite
with well-defined median longitudinal
Carina (cf. Fig. 19c)
A. janzeni Sharkey
Mesopleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 7f); apex of scutellum with
transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d);
first median tergite evenly convex,
lacking distinct bump anteromedially
(cf. Fig. 19b)
lA. levipodeum Sharkey]
Metapleuron black (cf. Figs. 4f, 7e)
[A. solox (Enderlein)]
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Figs. 4e, 7f) 189
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a); forewing banded from base:
yellow, black, yellow, black (Fig. 4c)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Scutellar sulcus with median ridge (cf.
Fig. 11b); forewing entirely black (cf.
Figs. 6a, 6c)
lA. erythromelas (Brulle)]
Pronotum black; metapleuron yellow-
ish-orange; forewing banded from
base: yellow, black, yellow, black
(Figs. 4b, 4c) 191
Pronotum black ventrally, yellowish-
orange dorsally; metapleuron black in
dorsal third, yellowish-orange ventral-
ly; forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction (cf.
Figs. 5a, 5c) ... [A. porteri Sharkey]
Antenna with 51 to 54 flagellomeres;
(Fig. 4b) A. latreillei (Spinola)
Antenna with 42 to 48 flagellomeres;
(Fig. 4c) ... A. pachamama Sharkey
Antenna black 193
Antenna yellowish-orange .... 203
Gena right-angled posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9a) 194
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9b) 195
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d) 201
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly
(cf. Fig. 9c) . . A. varius (Enderlein)
Metapleuron black (cf. Eigs. 4f, 6f);
sternaulus completely absent (cf. Eig.
16d); hind tibia black (cf. Eigs. 4f, 6f)
A. paruyana Sharkey
Metapleuron yellowish-orange (cf.
Eigs. 4f, 5f); sternaulus composed of
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf.
Eig. 16a); hind tibia mostly yellow but
black in apical eighth (cf. Eigs. 4e, 5e)
A. pachamama Sharkey
Hind tarsus black 196
Hind tarsus yellowish-orange . . . 200
Propodeum black (cf. Pigs. 4f, 7e) . .
197
197 (196)
198 (196)
199 (198)
200 (195)
201 (193)
202 (201)
203 (192)
Propodeum yellowish-orange (cf. Pigs.
4e, 7f) 198
Propleuron black; mesopleuron black
(cf. Pigs. 4f, 5f); metapleuron black;
forecoxa black; hind coxa yellowish-
orange (cf. Figs. 7b, 7d)
A. paruyana Sharkey
Propleuron yellowish-orange; meso-
pleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Figs. 4e,
5e); metapleuron yellowish-orange;
forecoxa yellowish-orange; hind coxa
black (cf. Figs. 5f, 7e)
[A. laevis (Enderlein)]
Metapleuron black; hind tibia black;
foretrochanter and trochantellus black;
midtarsus black (cf. Pig. 4f) .... 199
Metapleuron yellowish-orange; hind
tibia mostly yellowish-orange but
black apically; foretrochanter and tro-
chantellus yellowish-orange; midtar-
sus yellowish-orange (Pig. 8b) . . .
A. varius (Enderlein)
Hind coxa black (cf. Pigs. 5f , 7e); me-
dian areola of metanotum deeply ex-
cavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Pig. 17c); maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres black
[A. jatunqepi Sharkey]
Hind coxa yellowish-orange (cf. Pigs.
7b, 7d); median areola of metanotum
not excavated, posterior margin not
elevated (cf. Pig. 17a); maxillary and
labial palpomeres yellowish-orange . .
A. paruyana Sharkey
Pronotum entirely black; forecoxa and
midcoxa entirely black; median areola
of hind femur black
[A. esenbeckii (Spinola)]
Pronotum black anteriorly, orange
posteriorly; forecoxa and midcoxa
black anteriorly, yellowish-orange
posteriorly; hind femur yellowish-or-
ange [A. festivus (Enderlein)]
Propodeum black; metapleuron black
(cf. Figs. 4f, 5f)
[A. haenschi (Enderlein)]
Propodeum yellowish-orange; meta-
pleuron yellowish-orange (cf. Figs. 4e,
5e) 202
Pronotum black; mesopleuron black;
hind tibia mostly yellow but black in
apical eighth; mesonotum black (Fig.
4c) A. pachamama Sharkey
Pronotum black anteriorly, orange
posteriorly (cf. Fig. 6b); mesopleuron
yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 6b); hind
tibia mostly yellowish-orange but
black apically (cf. Fig. 6b); mesono-
tum yellowish-orange (cf. Fig. 6b) . .
[A. misa Sharkey]
Hind tarsus black; all coxae black;
Contributions in Science, Number 497
pronotum black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f) ....
[A. uchukqepi Sharkey]
Hind tarsus yellowish-orange; all cox-
ae at least party yellowish-orange;
pronotum black anteriorly, orange
posteriorly (cf. Fig. 6b)
[A. festivus (Enderlein)]
204 (1) Propodeum black; metapleuron black;
hind coxa black (cf. Figs. 4f, 5f); fore-
wing yellow basally, gradually becom-
ing infuscate
[A. chimu Sharkey]
Propodeum yellowish-orange; meta-
pleuron yellowish-orange; hind coxa
yellowish-orange; forewing black with
stigma yellow (Fig. 5b)
A. stigma (Brulle)
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS OP THE
ALABAGRUS OF COSTA RICA
Alabagrus alhispina (Cameron)
Figs. 7b, 16a
Agathis albispina Cameron, 1887:399. Holotype
A, Mexico (BMNH).
Alabagrus albispina Sharkey, 1988:356, figs. 4a,
18e.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing entirely and evenly
black; or clear basally, black in apical third with a
sharp distinction. Gena rounded posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9b). Pronotum black. Hind femur yellow-
ish-orange; or mostly yellowish-orange but black in
apical eighth and basal tenth. Antenna with 36 to
41 flagellomeres. Malar space 0.46-0.64 X the dis-
tance from the eye to the maximum extent of the
gena. Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.12-1.24 X longer
than wide. First median tergite 0.86-1.13 X longer
than wide. Ovipositor 2.21-3.24 X length of hind
femur. Tergum 4 yellowish-orange. Metapleuron
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); or areolate rugose in
ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b).
LENGTH. (1) 5.48-7.81 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 36 to 41 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Pig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.46-0.64 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Pig. 12a)
to deeply impressed (cf. Pig. lid); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Pig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent to strong (cf. Pigs. 11a, 11c, lid). (8,
9) Scutellar sulcus with strong (cf. Pig. lid) to
weak median ridge (cf. Fig. 11b), or mostly smooth,
lacking median ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of
scutellum with smooth (cf. Fig. 12d) to rugose (cf.
Fig. 11a) transverse ridge, or smooth, lacking trans-
verse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus composed
of large crenulae posteroventrally (Fig. 16a). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron usually
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a), sometimes areolate
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 19
rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with
several crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c), or not excavated, posterior margin not ele-
vated (cf. Fig. 16a). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf.
Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with
sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid), or with long,
blunt, wide ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.l7d), or weak
anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17a); (18) anterior transverse Ca-
rina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d), weakly
defined (cf. Fig. 14f), or complete (cf. Fig. lid);
(19) consisting of only one smooth, straight, trans-
verse ridge. (20) Midtibia with 2 to 8 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 4 to 13 spines. (22) Hind femur
rugose (usually) (cf. Fig. 10c) or smooth (cf. Fig.
10b) ventrally; (23) 3.15-4.47 X longer than wide.
(24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig.
13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig.
13b).
METASOMA. (25) Pirst median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Pig. 19a),
or with weak (cf. Pig. 19d) to strong (cf. Pig. 19c)
longitudinal median carina; (26) 0.86-1.13 X lon-
ger than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression.
(28) Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.12-1.24 X longer
than wide. (29) Second median tergite with trans-
verse depression ranging from distinctly to weakly
indicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking trans-
verse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.65-0.92 X
body length; (32) 2.21-3.24 X length of hind fe-
mur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange
or mostly yellowish-orange but black apically. Me-
sosoma mostly black, except metanotum sometimes
yellowish-orange, and propodeum and metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange. Poreleg and midleg black ex-
cept both tarsi sometimes yellowish-orange. Hind
leg highly variable in coloration. Porewing ranging
from clear basally, black in apical third with a
sharp distinction to entirely black. Hind wing en-
tirely clear. Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-orange. Terga 5
to 8 yellowish-orange, black, or partly black. Ovi-
positor sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna black.
(36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-or-
ange, or mostly yellowish-orange but black basally,
or entirely black (rarely). (37) Head black. Meso-
soma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black;
(40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black;
(44) metanotum black, or yellowish-orange; (45)
propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron
yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus black, or yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black;
(54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus
black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black;
(58) midtarsus black, or yellowish-orange; (59)
hind coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-
orange but black laterally, or yellowish-orange in
basal twelfth, black apically, or entirely black (rare-
20 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
ly); (60) hind trochanter black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (61) hind trochantellus black, or yellowish-
orange; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange, or most-
ly yellowish-orange but black in apical eighth and
basal tenth, or entirely black (rarely); (63) hind tib-
ia black, or mostly yellowish-orange but black in
apical and basal sixth, or mostly yellowish-orange
but black in apical third; (64) hind tarsus black;
(65) forewing clear basally, black in apical third
with a sharp distinction, or entirely black; (66) hind
wing pattern entirely clear, or entirely black. Me-
tasoma. (67-71) Terga 1 to 5 yellowish-orange;
(72) tergum 6 black, or yellowish-orange, or black
posteriorly, yellowish-orange otherwise; (73, 74)
terga 7 and 8 black, or yellowish-orange. (75) Ovi-
positor sheath black.
HOSTS. Leaf-rolling Crambidae, including Gly-
phodes sybillalis Walker on Trophis racemosa
(Moraceae) (81-SRNP-770, 81-SRNP-962, 90-
SRNP-1647), Phaedropsis sp. on Triplaris melaen-
odendron (Polygonaceae) (83-SRNP-1290), Eulep-
te concordalis Hiibner on Cydista heterophyUa
(Bignoniaceae) (90-SRNP-1985), Conchylodes ovu-
lalis (Guenee) on Baltimora recta (Asteraceae) (92-
SRNP-4747, 92-SRNP-4758, 92-SRNP-4791), Pil-
ocrocis ramentalis Lederer on Dyschoriste Valeri-
ana (Acanthaceae) (93-SRNP-3044, 94-SRNP-
7203), Bicilia iarchasalis Walker on Petiveria
alliacea (Phytolaccaeae) (90-SRNP-1256.2a), and
Salbia cassidalis Guenee on Lasiacis sorghoidea
(Poaceae) (95-SRNP-10813).
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread throughout Mex-
ico, through Gentral America to the Garibbean
countries of South America. Collected mostly in
successional plots at La Selva, from March through
August (Fig. 20).
Alabagrus arawak Sharkey
Figs. 6b, 9d, 12d, 17d, 19a, 19d
Alabagrus arawak Sharkey, 1988:357-358. Holo-
type $, Ecuador (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black in apical third to eighth. Antenna
with 33 to 36 flagellomeres. Mesonotum yellowish-
orange. Malar space 0.50-0.62 X the distance from
the eye to the maximum extent of the gena. Ante-
rior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig.
17a); or with long, blunt, wide ridge anteriorly (cf.
Fig. 17d). Foretibia black; or yellowish-black. Apex
of scutellum with transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig.
12d). Pronotum yellowish-orange; or mostly yel-
lowish-orange with some black spots. Hind wing
pattern entirely clear to entirely black.
LENGTH. (1) 3.99-6.30 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 33 to 36 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute (usually) (cf. Fig. 9d), rounded (cf.
Fig. 9b), or right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a) posteroven-
trally. (4) Malar space 0.50-0.62 X distance from
eye to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent to strong anteriorly (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c,
lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with one or more weak
(cf. Fig. lid) to distinct (cf. Fig. 11b) median ridg-
es, or without any median ridges (cf. Fig. 12a). (10)
Apex of scutellum with transverse, smooth ridge
(cf. Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus with several foveae
posteroventrally and smooth groove anteriorly (cf.
Fig. 16f), composed of large crenulae posteroven-
trally without smooth groove (cf. Fig. 16a), or com-
pletely absent (cf. Fig. 16d), or mostly absent, rep-
resented by a small, shallow depression (cf. Fig.
18d). (12) Margin between metepisternum and me-
tepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleu-
ron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a), or areolate rugose
in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with several
crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15)
Median areola of metanotum deeply excavated,
with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c).
(16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) ante-
rior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig.
17a), or with long, blunt, wide ridge anteriorly (Fig.
17d); (18) anterior transverse carina of propodeum
absent to weakly defined (Fig. 17d). (20) Midtibia
with 0 to 4 spines; (21) hind tibia with 1 to 4
spines. (22) Hind femur weakly to strongly rugose
ventrally (usually), or smooth ventrally (cf. Figs.
10b, 10c); (23) 3.29-5.73 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig.
13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (Fig. 19a); (26)
1.20-1.57 X longer than wide; (27) lacking trans-
verse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2-1-3 0.96-
1.35 X longer than wide. (29) Second median ter-
gite lacking transverse depression, or with trans-
verse depression barely indicated. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31)
Ovipositor 0.55-0.98 X body length; (32) 1.74-
3.94 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except pronotum
sometimes with black areas and propleuron some-
times black or dark yellow. Foreleg and midleg
black except forecoxa sometimes yellowish-orange,
foretibia sometimes dark yellow, foretarsus yellow-
ish-orange, midcoxa yellowish-orange or yellowish-
orange basally, black apically, midtarsus yellowish-
orange. Hind leg black except coxa yellowish-or-
ange or mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally,
femur yellowish-orange, and tibia mostly yellow-
ish-orange. Forewing yellow to clear basally and
black apically with a sharp distinction and costal
vein black or yellow, or forewing entirely black.
Hind wing entirely black to entirely clear. Meta-
soma yellowish-orange with ovipositor sheath
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head
black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-or-
ange, or mostly yellowish-orange with some black
areas; (39) propleuron black, or yellowish-orange.
Contributions in Science, Number 497
or black yellowish-orange; (40) mesonotum yellow-
ish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange;
(44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum
yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-orange;
(48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus
black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black, or
yellowish-black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa yellowish-orange, or yellowish-or-
ange basally, black apically; (54) midtrochanter
black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur
black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellow-
ish-orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange, or
mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally; (60)
hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange; (63) hind
tibia mostly yellow but black in apical eighth, or
mostly orange but black in apical third; (64) hind
tarsus black; (65) forewing yellow basally and
black apically with a sharp distinction, costal vein
black, or entirely black, or clear basally, black in
apical third with a sharp distinction; (66) hind wing
pattern entirely clear, or entirely black. Metasoma.
(67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovi-
positor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread, southern Mexico
to northern Argentina. Found throughout the year
at La Selva (Fig. 20). Most abundant in succession-
al plots and at the swamp site.
Alabagrus arua Sharkey
Fig. 8d
Alabagrus arua Sharkey, 1988:358-359. Holotype
9, Ecuador (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly
(cf. Fig. 9c). Median areola of metanotum not ex-
cavated, posterior margin not elevated (cf. Fig.
17a). Malar space 1.00-1.09 X the distance from
the eye to the maximum extent of the gena. Anten-
na with 34 to 38 flagellomeres. Pronotum black.
LENGTH. (1) 4.9-7.0 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 38 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf. Fig. 9c).
(4) Malar space 1.00-1.09 X the distance from the
eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply (cf. Eig. lid)
to weakly (cf. Eig. 12a) impressed; (6) notcrenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c), or absent (cf.
Fig. 11a). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with one strong (cf.
Fig. 11b) to weak (cf. Fig. lid) median ridge. (10)
Apex of scutellum rugose (cf. Fig. 11c) or smooth,
lacking (cf. Fig. 12a) transverse ridge, sometimes
with several weak punctures. (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
16a), or mostly absent, represented by small, shal-
low depression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median areola of metanotum
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 21
not excavated, posterior margin not elevated (cf.
Fig. 17a). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a);
(17) anterior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly
(cf. Fig. 17a); (18) transverse carina of propodeum
absent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weakly defined Fig-
14f). (20) Midtibia with 0 to 3 spines; (21) hind
tibia with 3 to 6 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 8-4.3 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect
(Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM
(Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) Eirst median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with weak longitudinal median carina (cf. Fig.
19d); (26) 1.25-1.90 X longer than wide; (27) lack-
ing transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite
2-1-3 1.1-1. 4 X longer than wide. (29) Second me-
dian tergite with transverse depression barely indi-
cated. (30) Third median tergite lacking transverse
depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.70-0.92 X body
length; (32) 2. 5-3. 5 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except metanotum, propodeum,
and metapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and
midleg entirely black, except tarsi sometimes yel-
lowish-orange. Hind leg black except coxa yellow-
ish-orange and femur sometimes brown or orange
distally. Metasoma mostly yellowish-orange except
tergum 8 and ovipositor sheath black. Forewing
and hind wing entirely black. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40) me-
sonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) me-
tanotum black, or yellowish-orange; (45) propo-
deum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellow-
ish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter
black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur
black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretarsus black, or
yellowish-orange, or yellowish-orange apically,
black basally; (53) midcoxa black; (54) midtro-
chanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56)
midfemur black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtar-
sus black, or yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa yel-
lowish-orange; (60) hind trochanter black; (61)
hind trochantellus black; (62) hind femur black, or
black basally and yellowish-orange apically, or yel-
lowish-brown; (63) hind tibia black; (64) hind tar-
sus black; (65) forewing entirely black; (66) hind
wing pattern entirely black. Metasoma. (67-73)
Terga 1 to 7 yellowish-orange; (74) tergum 8 black.
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread from Costa Rica
south to Bolivia. Found in Costa Rica from January
through June (Fig. 20). Has not been collected at
La Selva.
Alabagrus cara Sharkey
Fig. 5e
Alabagrus cara Sharkey, 1988:362. Holotype 9,
Ecuador (CNCI).
22 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia mostly yellow but black
in apical eighth. Forewing pattern yellow basally
and black apically with a sharp distinction, costal
vein black or yellow. First median tergite 1.48-1.83
X longer than wide. Foretrochanter yellowish-or-
ange. Hind wing pattern entirely black; or yellow
basally, black in apical twentieth.
LENGTH. (1) 5.77-6.92 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 37 to 41 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute (usually) (cf. Fig. 9d), right-angled
(cf. Fig. 9a), or rounded (cf. Fig. 9b) posteroven-
trally. (4) Malar space 0.45-0.52 X distance from
eye to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply (cf. Fig. lid)
to weakly (cf. Fig. 12a) impressed; (6) notcrenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum strong (cf. Fig. lid) to absent (cf. Fig. 11a).
(8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with one weak median ridge
(cf. Fig. lid), or mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a). (10)
Apex of scutellum with transverse, smooth ridge
(usually) (cf. Fig. 12d), or smooth, lacking trans-
verse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus composed
of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or
mostly absent, represented by small, shallow de-
pression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between mete-
pisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with sharp
ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18) anterior trans-
verse Carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d) to
complete (cf. Fig. lid); (19) when present consist-
ing of only one smooth, straight, transverse ridge,
or with additional transverse carina present, defin-
ing two extra areolae. (20) Midtibia with 2 to 5
spines; (21) hind tibia with 2 to 4 spines. (22) Hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.95-
5.11 X longer than wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-
a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 1.48-1.83 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.2-1. 4 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite lacking transverse
depression, or with transverse depression barely in-
dicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking trans-
verse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.67-0.94 X
body length; (32) 2.32-2.92 X length of hind fe-
mur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Flead black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma entirely yellowish-orange, with propleu-
ron black in some males. Foreleg and midleg both
entirely yellowish-orange, except midtrochanter
and trochantellus sometimes black. Hind leg yel-
lowish-orange except coxa sometimes black later-
ally, trochanter and trochantellus black, tibia black
in apical eighth, and tarsus black. Forewing yellow
basally and black apically with a sharp distinction,
costal vein black or yellow. Forewing of males may
be entirely black or rarely banded from base: yel-
low, black, yellow, black. Hind wing entirely yellow
but sometimes black in apical tenth. Metasoma yel-
lowish-orange with ovipositor sheath black. Head.
(34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Me-
sosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-orange; (39) pro-
pleuron yellowish-orange (usually), or black; (40)
mesonotum yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron
yellowish-orange; (44) metanotum yellowish-or-
ange; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) me-
tapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa yellow-
ish-orange; (48) foretrochanter yellowish-orange;
(49) foretrochantellus yellowish-orange; (50) fore-
femur yellowish-orange; (51) foretibia yellowish-
orange; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) mid-
coxa yellowish-orange; (54) midtrochanter yellow-
ish-orange (usually), or black; (55) midtrochantel-
lus yellowish-orange (usually), or black; (56)
midfemur yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia yellow-
ish orange; (58) midtarsus yellowish orange; (59)
hind coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-
orange but black laterally; (60) hind trochanter
black; (61) hind trochantellus black; (62) hind fe-
mur yellowish-orange; (63) hind tibia mostly yel-
low but black in apical eighth; (64) hind tarsus
black; (65) forewing yellow basally and black api-
cally with a sharp distinction, costal vein black, or
yellow basally and black apically with a sharp dis-
tinction, costal vein yellow, or rarely banded from
base: yellow, black, yellow, black; apical yellow
band not complete posteriorly and costal vein yel-
low; (66) hind wing pattern entirely yellow, or yel-
low basally, black in apical tenth. Metasoma. (67-
74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica and the coastal
lowlands of Ecuador. Found throughout the year at
La Selva (Fig. 20), in all habitat types.
Alabagrus cocto Sharkey
Fig. 7a
Alabagrus cocto Sharkey, 1988:364. Holotype $,
Panama (USNM).
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing entirely black but darker
in apical tenth to twelfth. Hind tibia mostly yellow
but black in apical eighth. Gena right-angled pos-
teroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a); or acute posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9e). Antenna with 39 to 47 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 5.49-8.30 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 39 to 47 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a) or acute (cf. Fig.
9d) posteroventrally (usually). (4) Malar space
0.39-0.61 X distance from eye to maximum extent
of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf . Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
Contributions in Science, Number 497
turn weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to strong (cf. Fig. lid). (8,
9) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or
with one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid). (10)
Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 12a), or with transverse, smooth ridge (cf.
Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus composed of large cren-
ulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or mostly ab-
sent, represented by small, shallow depression (cf.
Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with sev-
eral crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b), or
with no crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17)
anterior areola of propodeum with sharp ridge an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. lid), or large and five-sided (cf.
Fig. 14d); (18) anterior transverse carina of pro-
podeum complete to absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f,
17d); (19) when present consisting of only one
smooth, straight, transverse ridge. (20) Midtibia
with 0 to 3 spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to 9
spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b); (23) 3.20-5.75 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig.
13b), or veins IM and Icu-a intersect (rarely) (Fig.
13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19a); (26) 0.79-1.51 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2-^3 1.07-1.28 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with strong trans-
verse depression. (30) Third median tergite lacking
transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.56-0.79 X
body length; (32) 2.07-2.86 X length of hind fe-
mur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except propleuron
black. Foreleg and midleg black except tarsi yellow-
ish-orange, or both legs entirely yellowish-orange
(rarely). Hind leg yellowish-orange with the follow-
ing parts black: coxa laterally, trochanter, trochan-
tellus, sometimes basal part of hind femur, apical
part of hind tibia, and tarsus. Forewing entirely
black but darker apically. Hind wing entirely black.
Metasoma yellowish-orange, with ovipositor
sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Max-
illary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37)
Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-
orange; (39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum
yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-
orange (rarely); (48) foretrochanter black, or yel-
lowish-orange (rarely); (49) foretrochantellus
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (50) forefemur
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (51) foretibia
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 23
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (52) foretarsus
yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black, or yellow-
ish-orange (rarely); (54) midtrochanter black, or
yellowish-orange (rarely); (55) midtrochantellus
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (56) midfemur
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (57) midtibia
black, or yellowish-orange (rarely); (58) midtarsus
yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa mostly yellowish
orange but black laterally; (60) hind trochanter
black; (61) hind trochantellus black; (62) hind fe-
mur yellowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-orange
but black in basal twelfth; (63) hind tibia mostly
yellow but black in apical eighth; (64) hind tarsus
black; (65) forewing entirely black but darker in
apical tenth or twelfth; (66) hind wing pattern en-
tirely black. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yel-
lowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica and Panama. Col-
lected in May, June, August, and September at La
Selva (Fig. 20), exclusively in successional plots.
Alabagrus combos new species
Fig. 5f
DIAGNOSIS. Midtarsus with basal tarsomere
yellowish-orange basally, otherwise black; or most-
ly yellowish-orange, but black posteriorly. Body
length 5.75-6.67 mm. Hind femur mostly black
with a yellowish-orange area laterally and apically.
Apex of scutellum rugose, lacking transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 11c); or mostly smooth with several weak
punctures.
LENGTH. (1) [5.75]-6.67 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with [37] to 39 flagello-
meres. (3) [Gena right-angled posteroventrally]
(usually) (cf. Fig. 9a), or with obtuse angle poste-
riorly (cf. Fig. 9c). (4) Malar space [0.49]-0.58 X
distance from eye to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus [deeply] (cf. Fig.
lid) to weakly (cf. Fig. 12a) impressed; (6) not
crenulate. (7) [Median longitudinal ridge of scutum
weak anteriorly] (cf. Fig. 11c), or absent (cf. Fig.
11a). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with one weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid). (10) Apex of scutellum mostly
smooth with several weak punctures, or rugose,
lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 11c). (11) Sternau-
lus composed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 16a). (12) Margin between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a), or areolate
rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with
several crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16) [Propodeum
areolate] (cf. Fig. 12a), or weakly areolate (cf. Fig.
14b); (17) anterior areola of propodeum weak an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. 17a), or with sharp ridge anteriorly
(cf. Fig. lld);U8) anterior transverse carina of pro-
podeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d) to weakly defined (cf.
Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia with 2 to 6 [4] spines, (21)
hind tibia with 2 to 6 [4] spines. (22) [Hind femur
24 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
punctate ventrally] (usually) (cf. Fig. 10a), or
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.28-[4.07] X
longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-
a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) IFirst median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly] (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with weak longitudinal median carina (cf. Fig.
19d); (26) 0.82-1.08 [0.95] X longer than wide;
(27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Median
syntergite 2 + 3 [1.03]-1.12 X longer than wide.
(29) Second median tergite with transverse depres-
sion barely indicated. (30) Third median tergite
lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor
[0.94]-0.97 X body length; (32) [3.35]-3.64 X
length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propodeum yellowish-or-
ange. Foreleg and midleg black except entire fore-
tarsus and basal portion of midtarsus yellowish-or-
ange. Hind leg black except sometimes posterior
portion of coxa and/or lateral portion of tibia yel-
lowish-orange. Forewing and hind wing both en-
tirely black. Terga 1 to 7 yellowish-orange. Median
tergum 8 black. Ovipositor sheath [black] except
sometimes yellowish at apex. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40) me-
sonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) me-
tanotum black; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange;
(46) metapleuron black; (47) forecoxa [black], or
yellowish-orange; (48) foretrochanter black; (49)
foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51)
foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa [black], or yellowish-orange; (54)
midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black;
(56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black; (58) mid-
tarsus with basal tarsomere yellowish-orange ba-
sally, otherwise black, or mostly yellowish-orange,
but black posteriorly; (59) hind coxa black, or
black but yellowish-orange posteriorly; (60) hind
trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus black;
(62) hind femur mostly black with a yellowish-or-
ange area laterally and apically; (63) hind tibia
black, or mostly yellow but black in apical and bas-
al third; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing en-
tirely black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely black.
Metasoma. (67-73) Terga 1 to 7 [yellowish-or-
ange], except terga 2 and 3 sometimes black dor-
sally, yellowish-orange laterally; (74) tergum 8
black. (75) [Ovipositor sheath black], or mostly
black but yellow at apex.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. Known from La Selva and Manuel
Antonio National Park (Parque Nacional [P.N.]
Manuel Antonio), Costa Rica. Collected in May
and June at La Selva, and in September through
November at Manuel Antonio National Park (Fig.
20).
Holotype 9. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0UW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in pri-
mary forest, CC: l.vi.l993, (INBIOCRI)
002277040 (INBC).
Allotype 6 . COSTA RICA: Puntarenas; P.N. Ma-
nuel Antonio: 80 m: ix.l991, (G.Varela), (INBIO)
000494263 (INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots: 1$, 18.V.1993, (INBIO)
002261305 (UKIC). Malaise trap in second-growth
forest, SCH: 1$, 19.V.1993, 002271696 (CNCI).
Puntarenas: P.N. Manuel Antonio: 80 m: 1$,
X.1991, (G. Varela), 000501775 (BMNH); 19,
xi.l991, (G. Varela), 000348712 (AEIC).
Alabagrus cuna Sharkey
Fig. 3e
Alabagrus cuna Sharkey, 1988:365. Holotype 9,
Panama (AMNH).
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction, costal vein yellow.
Body length 5.25-5.75 mm. Hind tibia mostly yel-
lowish-orange but black apically.
LENGTH. (1) 5.25-5.75 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 36 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a),
or rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b), or acute
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4) Malar space 0.51-
0.75 X the distance from the eye to the maximum
extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. lid); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Me-
dian longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig.
lid). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a). (10) Apex of scutellum with transverse, ru-
gose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a), or with transverse, smooth
ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus with several fo-
veae posteroventrally and smooth groove (cf. Fig.
16f), or completely absent (cf. Fig. 16d), or mostly
absent, represented by small, shallow depression
(cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Me-
tapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with
several crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b),
or with no crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig.
16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum deeply ex-
cavated, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16) Propodeum
areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of pro-
podeum with long, blunt, wide ridge anteriorly (cf.
Fig. 17d); (18) transverse carina of propodeum ab-
sent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weakly defined (cf. Fig. 14f).
(20) Midtibia with 1 to 5 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 1 to 3 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10b), or rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c); (23) 4. 0-4. 5 X longer than wide. (24) Fore-
wing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 1.05-1.35 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3
0.88-1.25 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
Contributions in Science, Number 497
tergite lacking transverse depression. (30) Third
median tergite lacking transverse depression. (31)
Ovipositor 0.50-0.79 X body length; (32) 1.88-
3.40 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellow. Mesosoma
entirely yellowish-orange. All legs entirely yellow
except hind trochanter and trochantellus sometimes
black and apical part of hind tibia and entire hind
tarsus usually black. Metasoma entirely yellow
with ovipositor sheath black. Forewing yellow ba-
sally and black in apical third with a sharp distinc-
tion. Hind wing yellow basally but black in apical
twelfth. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head
black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-or-
ange; (39) propleuron yellowish-orange; (40) me-
sonotum yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange;
(45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa yellowish-or-
ange; (48) foretrochanter yellowish-orange; (49)
foretrochantellus yellowish-orange; (50) forefemur
yellowish-orange; (51) foretibia yellowish-orange;
(52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa yel-
lowish-orange; (54) midtrochanter yellowish-or-
ange; (55) midtrochantellus yellowish-orange; (56)
midfemur yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia yellow-
ish-orange; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59)
hind coxa yellowish-orange; (60) trochanter black,
or yellowish-orange; (61) trochantellus black, or
yellowish-orange; (62) femur yellowish-orange;
(63) tibia mostly yellowish-orange but black api-
cally; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing yellow ba-
sally and black apically with a sharp distinction,
costal vein yellow; (66) hind wing pattern yellow
basally, black in apical twelfth. Metasoma. (67-74)
Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Barro Colorado Island in Pan-
ama and La Selva, Penas Blancas, and Limon, Cos-
ta Rica. Found most often in secondary forest and
sometimes in successional plots at La Selva. Has
been collected at La Selva in February, April, Au-
gust, September, October, and December (Fig. 20).
Alabagrus derailersi new species
Fig. 6a
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia mostly yellow but black
in apical and basal sixth. Sternaulus completely ab-
sent (cf. Fig. 16d). Ovipositor 0.78-1.28 X body
length, 2.82-4.61 X length of hind femur. Forewing
entirely and evenly black. Hind femur yellowish-
orange. Malar space 0.73-1.00 X the distance from
the eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
LENGTH. (1) 5.2-[7.0] mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 35 to 42 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space [0.73J-1.00 X the distance from the
eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 25
Fig. lid), or weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 12a), or
absent (cf. Fig. 12c); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid).
(7) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf.
Fig. lid), or weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c), or ab-
sent (usually) (cf. Fig. 11a). (8) Scutellar sulcus
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with weak median
ridge (rarely) (cf. Fig. lid); (9) with no ridges (cf.
Fig. 12a), or one ridge (rarely) (cf. Fig. 11b). (10)
Apex of scutellum rugose, lacking transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 11c), or smooth, lacking transverse ridge
(usually) (cf. Fig. 12a), or with transverse, rugose
ridge (cf. Fig. 11a). (11) Sternaulus completely ab-
sent (cf. Fig. 16d). (12) Margin between metepis-
ternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a).
(13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a);
(14) with several crenulae along ventral margin (cf.
Fig. 16b), or with no crenulae along ventral margin
(cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16)
Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a), or mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 14a); (17) anterior areola of pro-
podeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17a), or with
sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18) transverse
Carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weak-
ly defined (cf. Fig. 14f), or complete (cf. Fig. lid);
(19) consisting of only one smooth, straight, trans-
verse ridge. (20) Midtibia with 0 to 2 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 2 to 6 spines. (22) Hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 8-4. 8 X lon-
ger than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a
intersect (rarely) (Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects
Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with weak longitudinal median carina (cf. Fig.
19d), or with well-defined median longitudinal ca-
rina (cf. Fig. 19c); (26) 1.28-1.54 [1.47] X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2-i-3 1.09-1.23 [1.16] X [onger
than wide. (29) Second median tergite lacking
transverse depression, or with transverse depression
barely indicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking
transverse depression (usually), or with shallow
transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.78-1.28
[0.85] X body length; (32) [2.60]-4.61 X length of
hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except max-
illary and labial palpomeres entirely yellowish-or-
ange. Mesosoma yellowish-orange except entire pro-
pleuron, anterior part of pronotum, and parts of me-
sonotum sometimes black. Fore and midlegs both
entirely black except both coxae and tarsi sometimes
yellowish-orange. Hind leg black except basal three-
quarters of coxa and femur yellowish-orange and
trochanter, trochantellus, and central part of hind
tibia sometimes orange. Entire metasoma yellowish-
orange except ovipositor sheath black. Forewing and
hind wing black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36)
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish orange.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellow-
ish-orange, or black anteriorly, orange posteriorly;
26 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
(39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum black, or
yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellow-
ish-orange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-orange;
(48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus
black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black;
(52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa
black, or yellowish-orange; (54) midtrochanter
black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur
black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-
orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly
yellowish-orange but black in apical fifth; (60) tro-
chanter black, or yellowish-orange; (61) trochantel-
lus black, or yellowish-orange; (62) femur yellowish-
orange; (63) tibia mostly yellow but black in apical
and basal sixth; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing en-
tirely black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely black.
Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1-8 yellowish orange,
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. Costa Rica. Collected exclusively in
primary forest at La Selva, in all months except
April and October (Fig. 20).
Holotype $ . COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in pri-
mary forest: 30.vi.l995, (INBIO) 002302045
(INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in pri-
mary forest: 1$, 2.iii.l993, (INBIOCRI)
002285573 (CNCI); 19, l.vii.l993, 002277297
(CNCI); 1 9 , 15.vii.l993, 002277347 (INBC); 1 9 ,
Id, 3.viii.l993, 002292094 (INBC), 002277483
(BMNH); 29, 14.viii.l993, 002292478 (LACM),
002292475 (OSUO); 19, l.ix.l993, 002293306
(UKIC); Id, 16.ix.l993, 002292942 (UKIC); 19,
15.xii.l993, 002302115 (USNM); 19, 3.1.1994,
002293417 (USNM); 19, 6.i.l994, 002302111
(AEIC); 19, l.ii.l994, 002302112 (AEIC); 19,
3.ii.l994, 002302046 (CNCI); 49, 30.vi.l995,
002302113 (CNCI), 002302114 (INBC),
002302110 (INBC); 19, 17.vii.l995, 002302048
(BMNH); 2d, l.viii.l995, 002301662 (BMNH),
002301661 (LACM); 19, 14.ix.l995, 002300765
(LACM); Id, 14.ix.l995, 002300648 (UKIC); 19,
29.ix.1995, 002300798 (UKIC); 19, l.xi.l995,
002290033 (USNM); 29, 15.xi.l995, 002291742
(USNM), 002291740 (AEIC); 19, 14.xii.l995,
002291915 (AEIC); 19, 31.V.1996, 002270953
(CNCI); 19, 2.i.l996, 002292015 (CNCI); 19,
l.iii.l996, 002304176 (UKIC); 19, 15.iii.l996,
002304329 (UKIC); 19, 14.vi.l996, 002304986
(UKIC). Limon: Sector Cerro Cocori: 150 m: 19,
vii.1993 (E. Rojas), 001699530 (INBC); 19,
1.1994 (E. Rojas), 001855496 (UKIC). Guanacaste:
Est. Pitilla: 19, 22.viii.1993, 001639618 (INBC).
Alajuela: Penas Blancas: Malaise trap: 700 m: 19,
iv.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC), 29, 9.vi.l987 (E. Cruz)
(INBC); 19, l.viii.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC).
Alabagrus donnai new species
Fig. 8c
DIAGNOSIS. Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum strong (cf. Fig. lid). Metanotum black. Body
length 4.93-5.76 mm. Median syntergite 2-1-3
0.89-1.05 X longer than wide. Hind tibia black.
Midtarsus yellowish-orange. Antenna with 32 to
37 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) [4.931-5.76 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 32 to 37 [34] flagello-
meres. (3) Gena [rounded] (cf. Fig. 9b) or right-
angled (cf. Fig. 9a) posteroventrally. (4) Malar
space 0.47-0.72 [0.6] X distance from eye to max-
imum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to [deeply] (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenu-
late (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of
scutum strong (cf. Fig. lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus
with one weak to [strong median ridge] or mostly
smooth (cf. Figs. 11b, lid, 12a). (10) Apex of scu-
tellum [with transverse, rugose ridge] (cf. Fig. 11a),
or rugose, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 11c).
(11) [Sternaulus composed of large crenulae pos-
teroventrally] (cf. Fig. 16a) or mostly absent, rep-
resented by a shallow depression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) [with] (cf. Fig. 16b) or
without (cf. Fig. 16f) several crenulae along ventral
margin. (15) Median areola of metanotum deeply
excavated, with well-defined posterior margin (cf.
Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a);
(17) anterior areola of propodeum with long, blunt,
wide ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17d), or with sharp
ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18) anterior trans-
verse Carina of propodeum strongly defined to [ab-
sent] (cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d). (20). Midtibia with
0 to 3 spines; (21) Hind tibia with 1 to 7 [4] spines.
(22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b);
(23) 3.64-4.78 [4.17] X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing vein [Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM] (Fig.
13b), or vein IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite [with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly] (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf.
Fig. 19c); (26) 0.90-[1.23] X longer than wide;
(27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Median
syntergite 2-F3 0.89-1.05 [0.98] X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite lacking transverse
depression, or [with transverse depression barely
indicated]. (30) Third median tergite lacking trans-
verse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.66-[0.88] X
body length; (32) 2.17-[2.81] X length of hind fe-
mur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres [yellowish-orange
apically] or entirely yellowish-orange. Mesosoma
black except propodeum and metapleuron yellow-
ish-orange. Foreleg and midleg black except both
tarsi yellowish-orange. Hind leg black except coxa
[entirely yellowish-orange] or yellowish-orange ex-
Contributions in Science, Number 497
cept black laterally and femur yellowish-orange.
Forewing and hind wing black. Metasoma yellow-
ish-orange except ovipositor sheath black. Head.
(34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres mostly yellowish-orange but black basally.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black;
(39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43)
mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum black; (45)
propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron
yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black; (54)
midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black;
(56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black; (58) mid-
tarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa [yellowish-
orange], or mostly yellowish-orange except black
laterally; (60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind tro-
chantellus black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange;
(63) hind tibia black; (64) hind tarsus black; (65)
forewing entirely black; (66) hind wing pattern en-
tirely black. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yel-
lowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, and
Heredia provinces of Costa Rica and the Uxmal
Ruins on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Found
in January, May, and July through September at La
Selva (Fig. 20).
Holotype 9. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in sec-
ond-growth forest: 26.xii. 1997-8.1. 1998, (Brenes
and Vargas), (UGCA) 326876, (INBC).
Allotype S. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in sec-
ond-growth forest: 10-24. vii. 1997 (Blasier),
(UGCA) 326862 (INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap at the
swamp site: 19, 14.ix.l995, (INBIO) 002300718
(CNCI); 19, 15-29.V.1997 (Ness), (UGCA)
326688 (CNCI). 19, 9.iii.l998, (INBIO)
002283791 (INBC); 19, 14.V.1998, 002282358
(INBC); 19, 31.V.1998, 002304894 (BMNH).
Malaise trap in successional plots: 1(3,
01.viii.l995, 002289278 (LACIVI). Heredia: Est.
Magsasay: 200 m: lc3, i.l991 (M. Barrelier),
000298508 (UKIC). Alajuela: Penas Blancas: 700
m: Malaise trap: 99, ix-x.l986 (E. Cruz) (INBC,
UKIC); 2 9 , X.1986 (E. Cruz) (INBC); 1 9 , xi.l986
(E. Cruz) (INBC); 19, xii.1986 (E. Cruz) (INBC,
UKIC); 6 9 , ii.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC, USNM); 2 9 ,
iv.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC); 16, 9.vi.l987 (E. Cruz);
5 9, 7.vii.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC, AEIC); 29,
l.viii.l987 (E. Cruz) (UKIC); 29, l-12.xii.1987
(E. Cruz) (INBC). Guanacaste: Est. Pitilla: 700 m:
19, 4-25.xi.l991 (P. Rios), (INBIO) 000389982
(INBC); 19, 1V.1995 (P. Rios), 002335500 (CNCI).
Cartago: Grano de Oro: 1,120 m: 19, 13-
15.iv.l993 (P. Campos), 001307300 (INBC). MEX-
ICO: Yucatan: Uxmal Ruins: 5 m: 19, 2.viii.l983
(R.S. Anderson) (LACM).
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 27
Alabagrus englishi new species
Fig. 7f
DIAGNOSIS. Ovipositor 5.70-5.75 X length of
hind femur, 1.26-1.33 X body length. Mesonotum
black; or bicolorous, black and yellowish-orange.
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth, with (cf. Fig. lid)
or without (cf. Fig. 12a) one weak median ridge.
Pronotum black. Mesopleuron black.
LENGTH. (1) 7.00-9.50 [7.61] mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 38 to [42] flagello-
meres. (3) Gena [rounded posteroventraUy] (cf. Fig.
9b), or right-ang[ed posteroventra[[y (rarely) (cf.
Fig. 9a). (4) Malar space [0.59]-0.64 X distance
from eye to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus Ideeply impressed]
to absent (cf. Figs, lid, 12a, 12c); (6) notcrenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent to [strongly defined] (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c,
lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus [mostly smooth] (usu-
ally) (cf. Fig. 12a), or with one weak (cf. Fig. lid)
median ridge. (10) Apex of scutellum [with trans-
verse smooth] (cf. Fig. 12d) or rugose ridge (cf. Fig.
11a), or most[y smooth lacking (cf. Fig. 12a) trans-
verse ridge. (11) Sternaulus [mostly absent, repre-
sented by small, shallow depression] (cf. Fig. 18d),
or long, distinct, and composed of many small cren-
ulae (cf. Fig. 15b), or composed of large crenulae
(cf. Fig. 16a) posteroventraUy. (12) Margin between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron [mostly smooth] (cf. Fig.
15a), or areolate rugose (cf. Fig. 15b) in ventral
quarter; (14) with (cf. Fig. 16b) or [without] (cf.
Fig. 16f) crenuiae along ventral margin. (15) Me-
dian areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with
well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16)
Propodeum [mostly smooth] (cf. Fig. 14a) to weak-
ly areolate (cf. Fig. 12a). (20) Midtibia with [2] to
6 spines; (21) hind tibia with 5 to 9 [7] spines. (22)
Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23)
[3.33]-3.90 X longer than wide. (24) Forewing
vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (usually) (Fig.
13b), or vein IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite [with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly] (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with weak (cf. Fig. 19d) to well-defined (cf. Fig.
19c) median longitudinal carina; (26) 1.34-[1.49]
X longer than wide; (27) lacking transverse de-
pression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3 [1.35]-1.37
X longer than wide. (29) Second median tergite
with [weak] to strong transverse depression. (30)
Third median tergite lacking transverse depression.
(31) Ovipositor 1.26-[1.33] X body length; (32)
[5.70]-5.75 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma entirely black or [black except propo-
deum and metapleuron-yellowish orange]. Areas of
mesopleuron rarely yellowish-orange. Foreleg and
midleg black except foretarsus always yellowish-or-
ange and foretibia sometimes yellowish-orange.
Hind leg mostly black except yellowish-orange as
28 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
follows: coxa, femur, and tibia laterally. Hind tibia
sometimes entirely black and hind coxa sometimes
yellowish-orange with black area laterally. Fore-
wing [clear basally and black in apical third], or
entirely and evenly black. Hind wing black to clear.
Metasoma yellowish-orange with ovipositor sheath
black. One male specimen has terga 1 to 4 black
dorsally. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head
black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) pro-
pleuron black; (40) mesonotum [black], or bicolo-
rous, black and yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleu-
ron black; (44) metanotum black; (45) propodeum
[yellowish-orange] (usually), or black; (46) meta-
pleuron [yellowish-orange] (usually), or black; (47)
forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) for-
etrochantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51) for-
etibia [black], or yellowish-black; (52) foretarsus
yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black; (54) midtro-
chanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56)
midfemur black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtar-
sus black; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange, or
mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally; (60)
hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange, or mostly
yellowish-orange but black in basal twelfth, or
mostly yellowish-orange but black in basal and api-
cal twelfth; (63) hind tibia [mostly black with an
yellowish-orange area laterally], or black; (64) hind
tarsus black; (65) forewing [clear basally, black in
apical third], or entirely and evenly black; (66) hind
wing pattern entirely clear, or entirely black. Me-
tasoma. (67-70) Terga 1 to 4 [yellowish-orange],
or yellowish-orange but black dorsally (71-74); ter-
ga 4 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath
black.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. Heredia, Cartago, Guanacaste, Ala-
juela, and Puntarenas provinces of Costa Rica.
Found in January and April through July at La Sel-
va (Fig. 20).
Holotype 9. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots: 17.vii.l995, (INBIOCRI)
002302108 (INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in horde
suampo: 19, 9.L1998, (INBIOCRI) 002305305
(CNCI); Malaise trap in successional plots: 19,
2.V.1993, 002271982 (CNCI); 19, 18.V.1993,
002261316 (INBC); 19, l.vi.l993, 002261442
(INBC); Id, 17.vii.l995, 002302272 (BMNH); Mal-
aise trap in secondary forest: Id, 30.vi.l995,
002302098 (BMNH); Id, 31.V.1996, 002304894
(LACM); Malaise trap: 2d, iv-v.l993 (P. Hanson)
(INBC). Cartago: P.N. Tapanti: 29, iii.1994 (G.
Mora), 001733452 (INBC), 001733486 (UKIC). Car-
tago: P.N. Tapanti: Quebrada Segunda: 1,250 m: 1 9,
iv.l992 (R. Vargas), 000699858 (INBC); 1 9, vi.l992
(G. Mora), 000433473 (UKIC); 19, xii.1992 (G.
Mora), 001209401 (USNM); 1,300 m: 19, x.l993
(G. Mora), 001128696 (AEIC); 1,250 m: ld,xi.l993
(G. Mora), 001825836 (OSUO); 1,150 m: 19, 3d,
vii.1994 (G. Mora), 001885420 (CNCI), 001885417
(CNCI), 001885419 (INBC), 001885418 (BMNH).
Cartago: Turrialba: Malaise Trap: 3-5.vi.l976 (M.
Wasbauer) (INBC). Cartago: Grano de Oro: 1,120 m:
19, ix.l992 (P. Campos), 000935859 (INBC). Guan-
acaste: Est. Pitilla: 700 m: 19, viii.1988, 000124394
(INBC); 19, ix.l989, 000035738 (UKIC); 2d, 1-
ll.ix.l992 (C. Moraga), 000849118 (CNCI),
000849126 (AEIC); 29, xi.l992 (P. Rios),
000972147 (LACM), 000972172 (UKIC); 1 9, 22.x-
2.xi.l992 (C. Moraga), 000916540 (INBC); 4d,
19.v-3.vi.l993 (C. Moraga), 001342847 (INBC),
001342718 (CNCI), 001342775 (UKIC), 001342916
(UKIC); Id, viii.1993 (C. Moraga), 001639620
(INBC); Id, 6-17.ix.l993 (C. Moraga), 001614970
(CNCI); 2d, V.1994 (P. Rios), 001877958 (BMNH),
001877964 (UKIC); 2d, 19, viii.1994 (P. Rios),
002052133 (AEIC), 002052131 (UKIC), 002052132
(CNCI); Id, ix.l994 (C. Moraga), 002017961
(INBC); Id, V.1995 (P. Rios), 002203214 (CNCI).
Guanacaste: Rio San Lorenzo: 1,050 m: 1 9, viii.1992
(G. Rodriguez), 000378221 (INBC). Guanacaste: Fin-
ca YAFA: 320 m: 29, 8-26.i.l993 (E. Lopez),
001192406 (INBC), 001192405 (INBC). Guanacaste:
Los Almendros: 300 m: Id, 28.vii-14.viii. 1992 (E.
Lopez), 000874226 (INBC); 39, 3d, 3-22.viii.1993
(E. Lopez), 001850504 (INBC), 001850508 (INBC),
001850503 (CNCI), 001850509 (CNCI), 001850527
(UKIC), 001850272 (UKIC); 3d, 8-20.xi.l993 (E.
Lopez), 001633535 (INBC), 001633609 (CNCI),
001633629 (UKIC). Guanacaste: scrub forest: Id,
13.vii-3.viii.l985 (Gauld & Janzen) (INBC). Alajuela:
Penas Blancas: Malaise trap: 700 m: 19, iv.l987 (E.
Cruz) (INBC); 2d, 23.V.1987 (E. Cruz) (INBC); 19,
7.vii.l987 (E. Cruz) (INBC). Alajuela: R. San Loren-
cito: 900 m: 19, 13-18.vi.l993, 001365499 (INBC).
Puntarenas: San Luis: 1,000-1,350 m: ii.l995 (Z. Pu-
entes), 002165616 (INBC). San Jose: Zurqui de Mo-
ravia: 1,600 m: 29, 4d, v.1995 (P. Hanson),
002302116 (INBC), 002302117 (INBC), 002302120
(CNCI), 002302118 (CNCI), 002302109 (UKIC),
002302119 (BMNH).
Alabagrus imitatus (Cresson)
Fig. 3f, 16b
Microdus imitatus Cresson, 1873:51. Holotype 9,
USA (ANSP).
Microdus nigrotrochantericus Viereck, 1905:275.
Holotype 9, USA (SMEC).
Bassus floridanus Muesebeck, 1927:31. Holotype
d, USA (USNM).
Alabagrus imitatus Sharkey, 1988:370-371, figs.
4b, 7b, 13c.
DIAGNOSIS. Ovipositor length 5. 6-6. 4 X
length of hind femur; 1.3-1. 6 X length of body.
Forewing entirely and evenly black; or entirely
black but darker in apical tenth to twelfth. Prono-
tum yellowish-orange; or black ventrally, yellow-
ish-orange dorsally. Foretrochanter black. Hind fe-
mur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b). Mesopleuron
Contributions in Science, Number 497
yellowish-orange; or black ventrally, yellowish-or-
ange dorsally.
LENGTH. (1) 5.50-9.40 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 35 to 45 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.62-0.90 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed
(usually) (cf. Fig. lid), or weakly impressed (cf.
Fig. 12a) to absent (cf. Fig. 12c); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent to strongly defined (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c,
lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (usual-
ly) (cf. Fig. 12a), or with one weak (cf. Fig. lid)
to strong (cf. Fig. 11b) median ridge. (10) Apex of
scutellum mostly smooth with several weak punc-
tures (cf. Fig. 11c), or rugose or smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or with transverse,
rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a); (11) Sternaulus com-
pletely absent (cf. Fig. 16d), or mostly absent, rep-
resented by small, shallow depression (cf. Fig. 18d),
or long, distinct and composed of many small cren-
ulae (rarely) (cf. Fig. 15b), or composed of several
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (usually) (cf. Fig. 16a) or smooth (cf. Fig.
16f). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a) or areolate rugose (cf. Fig. 15b) in ventral
quarter (rarely); (14) with several crenulae along
ventral margin (usually) (cf. Fig. 16b), or with no
crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f), or with
rugae on ventral third and on margin (cf. Fig. 16a).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (usually) (cf.
Fig. 17c), or bisected by strong ridge, or deeply ex-
cavated, with a hooklike projection from the pos-
terior margin. (16) Propodeum distinctly areolate
(cf. Fig. 12a), or weakly areolate (Fig. 11b), or
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 14a); (17) anterior areola
of propodeum with weak (cf. Fig. 17a) to sharp (cf.
Fig. lid) ridge anteriorly; (18) anterior transverse
Carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weak-
ly defined (cf. Fig. 14f), or complete (cf. Fig. lid).
(20) Midtibia with 0 to 8 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 2 to 15 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.65-4.53 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad
IM (usually) (Fig. 13b), or veins IM and Icu-a in-
tersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (usually) (cf.
Fig. 19a), or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump
anteromedially (cf. Fig. 19b), or with weak (cf. Fig.
19d) to strong (cf. Fig. 19c) longitudinal median
Carina; (26) 1.09-1.60 X longer than wide; (27)
lacking transverse depression. (28) Median synter-
gite 2 + 3 1.15-1.84 X longer than wide. (29) Sec-
ond median tergite with transverse depression bare-
ly indicated, or lacking transverse depression. (30)
Third median tergite lacking transverse depression.
(31) Ovipositor 1.3-1. 6 X body length; (32) 5.60-
6.40 X length of hind femur.
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 29
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres entirely or apically
yellowish-orange. Mesosoma entirely yellowish-or-
ange except propleuron, ventral parts of pronotum,
mesonotum, and/or ventral part of mesopleuron
sometimes black. Foreleg and midleg black except
both coxae and tarsi sometimes yellowish-orange.
Hind coxa, femur, sometimes trochanter and tro-
chantellus, and lateral part of tibia yellowish-or-
ange. Hind leg otherwise black. Forewing and hind
wing entirely black. Metasoma yellowish-orange
with ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-orange but
black basally. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum yellowish-orange, or yellowish-orange
and black ventrally; (39) propleuron black, or yel-
lowish-orange; (40) mesonotum yellowish-orange,
or black; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange, or
black ventrally, yellowish-orange dorsally; (44) me-
tanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yel-
lowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange;
(47) forecoxa yellowish-orange, or black; (48) fore-
trochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange, or black; (53) midcoxa yel-
lowish-orange, or black; (54) midtrochanter black;
(55) midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black;
(57) midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-or-
ange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly
yellowish-orange but black in apical fifth; (60) hind
trochanter black, or yellowish-orange; (61) hind
trochantellus black, or yellowish-orange; (62) hind
femur yellowish-orange; (63) hind tibia black, or
mostly yellow but black in apical and basal sixth,
or mostly black with an yellowish orange area lat-
erally; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing entirely
and evenly black, or entirely black but darker in
apical tenth to twelfth; (66) hind wing pattern en-
tirely black. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yel-
lowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Diatraea sp.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread in Mexico, Cen-
tral America, and the southeastern USA, as far
north as Kentucky. Commonly collected at La Selva
throughout the year except for April, May, Octo-
ber, and November (Fig. 21). Nearly all specimens
were collected in primary forest at La Selva.
Alabagrus janzeni Sharkey
Fig. 4a
Alabagrus janzeni Sharkey, 1988:373. Holotype 9,
Costa Rica (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Terga 3 and 4 black dorsally, yel-
lowish-orange laterally. Median longitudinal ridge
of scutum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c). Body
length 8.9-10.1 mm. Forewing banded from base:
yellow, black, yellow, black.
LENGTH. (1) 8.9-10.1 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 45 to 48 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a),
30 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
or acute posteroventrally (usually) (cf. Fig. 9d). (4)
Malar space 0.42-0.67 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c). (8) Scutellar sul-
cus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b), or with weak median ridge (cf.
Fig. lid); (9) with no ridges (cf. Fig. 12a), or one
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth,
lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternau-
lus composed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 16a). (12) Margin between metepisternum and
metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with sev-
eral crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b), or
with no crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c). (16) Propodeum mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 14a).
(20) Midtibia with 5 to 8 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 6 to 8 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 9-4.0 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect
(Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM
(Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig.
19c); (26) 1.38-1.43 X longer than wide; (27) lack-
ing transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite
l + ?> 1.2-1. 5 X longer than wide. (29) Second me-
dian tergite with transverse depression barely indi-
cated. (30) Third median tergite lacking transverse
depression, or with shallow transverse depression.
(31) Ovipositor 0.89-1.00 X body length; (32)
3.75-4.13 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except metanotum, propodeum,
and metapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and
midleg vary from entirely yellowish-orange to en-
tirely black with both tarsi yellow. Hind leg entirely
yellow except coxa mostly black, apical eighth of
hind tibia black, and hind tarsus black. Metasomal
terga 1 and 2 entirely yellowish-orange, 3 and 4
mostly yellowish-orange except black dorsally, and
terga 5 to 8 and ovipositor sheath entirely black.
Forewing banded from base: yellow, black, yellow,
black. Hind wing yellow basally, black apically.
Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black.
Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron
black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron
black; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-
orange; (48) foretrochanter black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (49) foretrochantellus black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (50) forefemur black, or yellowish-orange;
(51) foretibia black, or yellowish-orange; (52) fore-
tarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black, or
black basally, yellowish-orange apically; (54) mid-
trochanter black, or yellowish-orange; (55) midtro-
chantellus black, or yellowish-orange; (56) midfe-
mur black, or yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia
black, or yellowish-orange; (58) midtarsus yellow-
ish-orange; (59) hind coxa black, or mostly black
but yellowish-orange in apical eighth; (60) trochan-
ter yellowish-orange; (61) trochantellus yellowish-
orange; (62) femur yellowish-orange; (63) tibia
mostly yellowish-orange but black apically; (64)
tarsus black; (65) forewing banded from base: yel-
low, black, yellow, black; all bands complete and
costal vein black, or banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black: all bands complete and costal
vein yellow; (66) hind wing pattern yellow basally,
black in apical eighth. Metasoma. (67, 68) Terga 1
and 2 yellowish-orange; (69, 70) terga 3 and 4
black dorsally, yellowish-orange laterally else-
where; (71-74) terga 5 to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
HOSTS. Eulepte concordalis on Tabehnia rosea
and T. impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) (82-SRNP-670,
94-SRNP-5867, 94-SRNP-6353, 94-SRNP-6362,
94-SRNP-6364, 94-SRNP-6367, 94-SRNP-6369,
94-SRNP-6371, 94-SRNP-6385, 94-SRNP-6388,
94-SRNP-6389, 94-SRNP-6390). 94-SRNP-6367
and 94-SRNP-6388 were attacked by hyperparasi-
toids (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae).
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica south to Venezue-
la. Has been collected in Guanacaste and Puntar-
enas provinces of Costa Rica from June through
September (Fig. 21).
Alabagrus juchuy Sharkey
Figs. 3a, 9c
Alabagrus juchuy Sharkey, 1988:374-375. Holo-
type ?, Trinidad (BMNH).
DIAGNOSIS. Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly
(cf. Fig. 9c). Body length 5. 2-5. 5 mm. Malar space
0.5 X the distance from the eye to the maximum
extent of the gena. Maxillary and labial palpomeres
black. Antenna with 36 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 5.20-5.50 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 36 flagellomeres. (3)
Gena with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf. Fig. 9c). (4)
Malar space 0.5 X the distance from the eye to the
maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c), or absent (cf.
Fig. 11a). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
16a). (12) Margin between metepisternum and me-
tepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleu-
ron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with several
crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15)
Median areola of metanotum not excavated, pos-
terior margin not elevated (cf. Fig. 17a), or deeply
Contributions in Science, Number 497
excavated, with well-defined posterior margin (cf.
Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a);
(17) anterior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly
(cf. Fig. 17a), or large and five-sided (cf. Fig. 14d);
(18) transverse carina of propodeum weakly de-
fined (cf. Fig. 14f), or complete (cf. Fig. lid); (19)
consisting of only one smooth, straight, transverse
ridge. (20) Midtibia with 1 spine; (21) hind tibia
with 2 or 3 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.2-4. 7 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad
IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf.
Fig. 19c); (26) 1.3-1. 6 X longer than wide; (27)
lacking transverse depression. (28) Median synter-
gite 2 + 3 1.125-1.30 X longer than wide. (29) Sec-
ond median tergite with transverse depression bare-
ly indicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking
transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.8 X body
length; (32) 2.8 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propodeum and metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange and pronotum, mesonotum,
and metanotum sometimes yellowish-orange. Fore-
leg and midleg entirely black except both fore- and
midtarsus yellowish-orange. Hind leg black except
coxa yellowish-orange and femur rarely orange.
Metasoma yellowish-orange except tergum 8 black
and terga 5 to 7 sometimes black. Forewing black
with stigma sometimes yellow and base of wing
sometimes clear. Hind wing entirely black. Head.
(34) Antenna black; (35) flagellum paler than
scape. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres black.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yel-
lowish-orange; (39) propleuron black; (40) meson-
otum black, or yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron
black; (44) metanotum black, or yellowish-orange;
(45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48)
foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black;
(50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52)
foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black;
(54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus
black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black;
(58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa
yellowish-orange; (60) trochanter black; (61) tro-
chantellus black; (62) femur black, or yellowish-
orange; (63) tibia black; (64) tarsus black; (65)
forewing entirely black, or black with stigma yel-
low, or black with stigma yellow and base of wing
clear; (66) hind wing pattern entirely black. Meta-
soma. (67-70) Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-orange; (71-
73) terga 5 to 7 black, or yellowish-orange; (74)
terga 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica south to Argenti-
na. Has been collected at Turrialba and Peninsula
de Osa in Costa Rica, in August and September,
respectively (Fig. 21).
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 31
Alabagrus kagaba Sharkey
Plate I
Alabagrus kagaba Sharkey, 1988:375. Holotype 9,
Colombia (BMNH).
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing banded from base: clear,
black, clear, black. Metapleuron with several cren-
ulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). Hind fe-
mur mostly yellowish-orange but black in apical
eighth and basal tenth. Gena acute posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9d).
LENGTH. (1) 7.95-10.80 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 46-52 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4)
Malar space 0.42-0.54 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly impressed
(cf. Fig. 12a), or absent (cf. Fig. 12c); (6) not cren-
ulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge
of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to strong (cf. Fig.
lid) anteriorly. (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth
(cf. Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lack-
ing transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or mostly smooth
with several weak punctures. (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
16a). (12) Margin between metepisternum and me-
tepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleu-
ron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with several
crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15)
Median areola of metanotum deeply excavated,
with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or
weakly excavated, with posterior margin not ele-
vated. (16) Propodeum mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
14a). (20) Midtibia with 3 to 6 spines; (21) hind
tibia with 5 to 9 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth
ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 2.53-4.43 X longer
than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a in-
tersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 0.84-1.05 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3
1.10-1.24 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite with transverse depression. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.76-0.90 X body length; (32) 2.88-3.47
X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propodeum sometimes yel-
lowish-orange posteriorly. Foreleg and midleg en-
tirely black except foretarsus yellowish-orange.
Hind leg mostly black, coxa yellowish-orange but
black laterally, femur yellowish-orange centrally.
Forewing banded from base: clear, black, clear,
black. Hind wing entirely infuscate. Terga 1 to 4
yellowish-orange. Terga 5 to 8 and ovipositor
sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Max-
illary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37)
Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39)
propleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) me-
sopleuron black; (44) metanotum black; (45) pro-
32 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
podeum black, or mostly black but yellowish-or-
ange posteriorly; (46) metapleuron black; (47) fore-
coxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretro-
chantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51)
foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57)
midtibia black; (58) midtarsus black; (59) hind
coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally;
(60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in apical eighth and basal tenth; (63) hind
tibia black; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing
banded from base: clear, black, clear, black; (66)
hind wing pattern entirely clear. Metasoma. (67-
70) Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-orange; (71-74) terga 5
to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Veracruz, Mexico, south
through Central America and the Caribbean coun-
tries of South America. Collected at La Selva
throughout the year, except August and September
(Fig. 21). Collected only in primary and secondary
forest.
Alabagrus latisoma Sharkey
Figs. 8a, 11a
Alabagrus latisoma Sharkey, 1988:377. Holotype
9, Argentina (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Metapleuron yellowish-orange in
dorsal third, black ventrally. Gena acute postero-
ventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). Hind coxa mostly yellowish-
orange but black in apical fifth. Antenna with 40
to 41 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 6.8-9.9 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 40 to 41 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4)
Malar space 0.46-0.59 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent (Fig. 11a). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with
one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid). (10) Apex of
scutellum with transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig.
12d). (11) Sternaulus composed of large crenulae
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin be-
tween metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate
(cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral
margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median areola of me-
tanotum deeply excavated, with well-defined pos-
terior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum areo-
late (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of propo-
deum with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18)
anterior transverse carina of propodeum complete
(cf. Fig. lid); (19) consisting of only one smooth,
straight, transverse ridge. (20) Midtibia with 3 to 9
spines; (21) hind tibia with 10 or 11 spines. (22)
Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c); (23)
3.10-4.72 X longer than wide. (24) Forewing vein
Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with well-defined median longitudinal ridge (Fig.
19c); (26) 1. 0-1.1 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2-^3
0.85-1.10 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite with transverse depression. (30) Third me-
dian tergite with transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.60-0.71 X body length; (32) 2.60-3.34
X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propodeum and dorsal
third of metapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and
midleg black except both tarsi yellowish-orange.
Hind leg mostly black except coxa yellowish-or-
ange in basal four fifths, femur yellowish-orange,
and tibia sometimes yellowish-orange centrally.
Forewing and hind wing black. Terga 1 to 6 yel-
lowish-orange. Terga 7 and 8 and ovipositor sheath
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head
black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) pro-
pleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) meso-
pleuron black; (44) metanotum black; (45) propo-
deum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellow-
ish-orange in dorsal third, black ventrally; (47)
forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49)
foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51)
foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57)
midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange;
(59) hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black
in apical fifth; (60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind
trochantellus black; (62) hind femur yellowish-or-
ange; (63) hind tibia black, or mostly yellow but
black in apical and basal third; (64) hind tarsus
black; (65) forewing entirely black; (66) hind wing
pattern entirely black. Metasoma. (67-72) Terga 1
to 6 yellowish-orange; (73-74) terga 7 and 8 black.
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread from Costa Rica
to northern Argentina and east to Para, Brazil, ap-
parently absent from the Brazilian Highlands. Col-
lected at La Selva from March through July and
September and October (Fig. 21). Commonly col-
lected in the swamp site at La Selva, rarely else-
where.
Alabagrus latreillei (Spinola)
Figs. 4b, 9a
Agathis latreillei Spinola, 1840:191-192. Holotype
9, French Guiana (MIZT).
Agathis lepida Brulle, 1846:497. Holotype 9, Cen-
tral America (MNHN).
Craspedobothrus fuscovittatus Enderlein, 1920:
206. Holotype 9, Suriname (ZMPA).
Alabagrus latreillei Sharkey, 1988:377-378, figs.
2a, 20a.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing banded from base: yel-
Contributions in Science, Number 497
low, black, yellow, black; all bands complete and
costal vein yellow. First median tergite 0.83-1.20
X longer than wide. Ovipositor 0.75-1.00 X body
length. Antenna with 51 to 54 flagellomeres. Hind
tibia mostly yellowish-orange but black apically.
Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d).
LENGTH. (1) 8.7-10.5 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 51 to 54 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute (usually) (cf. Fig. 9d) to right-angled
(cf. Fig. 9a) posteroventrally.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 12a, 12c); (6) not crenulate.
(7) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum absent to
strong anteriorly (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c, lid). (8) Scu-
tellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with
one median ridge (cf. Fig. 11b). (10) Apex of scu-
tellum smooth, sometimes with transverse, ridge
(cf. Figs. 12a, 12d). (11) Sternaulus composed of
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or
long, distinct, and composed of many small cren-
ulae (cf. Fig. 15b). (12) Margin between metepister-
num and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13)
Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14)
with or without several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Figs. 16b, 16f). (16) Propodeum mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 14a). (20) Midtibia with 3 to 6
spines; (21) hind tibia with 4 to 6 spines. (22) Hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 7-4. 7
X longer than wide.
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
weak (cf. Fig. 19d) to well-defined (cf. Fig. 19c)
median longitudinal carina, or with small longitu-
dinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a), or evenly con-
vex, lacking distinct bump anteromedially (cf. Fig.
19b); (26) 1.1 X longer than wide. (28) Median
syntergite 2-^3 1.1-1. 3 X longer than wide. (29)
Second median tergite with or without weak to
strong transverse depression. (30) Third median
tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipos-
itor 0.75-1.00 X body length; (32) 2. 7-3. 5 X
length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propodeum, metapleuron,
and occasionally mesonotum and/or posterior area
of mesopleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and mid-
leg both usually black except tarsi and sometimes
tibiae yellowish-orange, but both legs may be en-
tirely yellowish-orange. Hind leg yellowish-orange
except tarsus and apical part of tibia always black,
and trochanter, trochantellus, and lateral part of
coxa sometimes black. Forewing banded from base:
yellow, black, yellow, black. Hind wing yellow ex-
cept black apically. Metasoma yellowish-orange an-
teriorly, black posteriorly. Ovipositor sheath black.
Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres yellowish orange. (37) Head black.
Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron
black; (40) mesonotum black, or yellowish-orange;
(43) mesopleuron black, or mostly black except yel-
lowish-orange posteriorly; (44) metanotum black,
or yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-or-
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 33
ange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) fore-
coxa black, or yellowish-orange; (48) foretrochan-
ter black, or yellowish-orange; (49) foretrochantel-
lus black, or yellowish-orange; (50) forefemur
black, or yellowish-orange; (51) foretibia black, or
yellowish-orange; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black, or yellowish-orange; (54) mid-
trochanter black, or yellowish-orange; (55) midtro-
chantellus black, or yellowish-orange; (56) midfe-
mur black, or yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia yel-
lowish-orange; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange;
(59) hind coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black
laterally, or mostly yellowish-orange but black in
apical fifth; (60) hind trochanter black, or yellow-
ish-orange; (61) hind trochantellus black, or yel-
lowish-orange; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange;
(63) hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange but black
apically; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing
banded from base: yellow, black, yellow, black: all
bands complete from foremargin to hind margin of
wing and costal vein yellow. (66) Hind wing yellow
basally, black in apical eighth, or yellow basally,
slightly black in apical quarter. Metasoma. (67-70)
Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-orange; (71) tergum 5 yel-
lowish-orange, or black; (72-74) terga 6 to 8 black.
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Phostria metalobalis (Hampson) on
Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) (80-SRNP-244.1,
80-SRNP-244.2, 81-SRNP-436).
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread but rare from
Costa Rica east to Suriname and through the Am-
azon Basin south to Brasilia and southern Bahia in
Brazil. Collected only once in April at La Selva (Fig.
21), in primary forest.
Alabagrus maculipes (Cameron)
Fig. 6d
Microdus maculipes Cameron, 1887:404. Holotype
<5, Guatemala (BMNH).
Microdus trochanteratus Cameron, 1905:50. Ho-
lotype 9, Nicaragua (BMNH).
Alabagrus maculipes Sharkey, 1988:380, fig. 17c.
DIAGNOSIS. Head yellowish-orange; or yellow-
ish-orange except vertex black; or yellowish-orange
except black anteriorly. Midtibia black; or mostly
yellowish-orange, black in apical fifth. Antenna
with 34 to 37 flagellomeres. Hind tibia mostly yel-
low but black in apical eighth. Gena rounded pos-
teroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). Malar space 0.62-0.94
X the distance from the eye to the maximum extent
of the gena. Anterior areola of propodeum with
sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid).
LENGTH. (1) 4.40-6.90 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 37 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.62-0.94 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate.
(7) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf.
Fig. 11c) to absent (cf. Fig. 11a). (8, 9) Scutellar
34 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
sulcus with one weak (cf. Fig. lid) to strong (cf.
Fig. 11b) median ridge. (10) Apex of scutellum with
transverse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a), with trans-
verse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d), or smooth, lack-
ing transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus
mostly absent, represented by small, shallow de-
pression (cf. Fig. 18d), or composed of large cren-
ulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin be-
tween metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate
(cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 15a), or areolate rugose in ventral quarter (cf.
Fig. 15b); (14) with several crenulae along ventral
margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median areola of me-
tanotum deeply excavated, with well-defined pos-
terior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by a strong
ridge (some males). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf.
Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with
sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18) anterior
transverse carina of propodeum complete to absent
(cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d); (19) consisting of only one
smooth, straight, transverse ridge. (20) Midtibia
with 2 to 6 spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to 5
spines. (22) Flind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b); (23) 2.91-4.34 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a),
or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite evenly
convex, lacking distinct bump anteromedially (usu-
ally) (cf. Fig. 19b), or with small longitudinal bump
anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a); (26) 1.21-1.55 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.02-1.24 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with transverse
depression barely indicated (usually), or lacking
transverse depression. (30) Third median tergite
lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor
0.60-0.78 X body length; (32) 1.96-2.91 X length
of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head yellowish-orange
except antenna and rarely vertex or anterior part
of head black. Mesosoma entirely yellowish-or-
ange. Foreleg mostly yellowish-orange, femur
sometimes partly to entirely black, tibia sometimes
black apically. Midleg mostly yellowish-orange, fe-
mur sometimes black in apical third, tibia black in
apical fifth; trochanter, trochantellus, and entire fe-
mur and tibia rarely black. Hind leg black except
trochanter and trochantellus sometimes black, tibia
black in apical eighth, and tarsus black to yellow-
ish-black. Forewing and hind wing black. Metaso-
ma yellowish-orange with ovipositor sheath black;
one male has the dorsal surface of terga 1 to 8
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head
yellowish-orange (99%, sample size = 190), or yel-
lowish-orange except vertex black, or yellowish-or-
ange except black anteriorly. Mesosoma. (38) Pron-
otum yellowish-orange; (39) propleuron yellowish-
orange; (40) mesonotum yellowish-orange; (43)
mesopleuron yellowish-orange; (44) metanotum
yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-or-
ange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) fore-
coxa yellowish-orange; (48) foretrochanter yellow-
ish-orange, or black; (49) foretrochantellus yellow-
ish-orange, or black; (50) forefemur yellowish-or-
ange, or yellowish-orange in apical and basal third,
black centrally; (51) foretibia yellowish-orange, or
mostly yellowish-orange but black apically; (52)
foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa yellow-
ish-orange; (54) midtrochanter yellowish-orange,
or black; (55) midtrochantellus yellowish-orange;
(56) midfemur yellowish-orange, or yellowish-or-
ange basally, black in apical third, or entirely black;
(57) midtibia mostly yellowish-orange, black in
apical fifth, or entirely black; (58) midtarsus yel-
lowish-orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange;
(60) hind trochanter black, or yellowish-orange;
(61) hind trochantellus black, or yellowish-orange;
(62) hind femur yellowish-orange, or black (rare);
(63) hind tibia mostly yellow but black in apical
eighth; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing entire-
ly black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely black. Me-
tasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange
(99%), or yellowish-orange but black dorsally. (75)
Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Pilocrocis ramentalis Lederer on Dys-
choriste valeriana (Acanthaceae) (94-SRNP-7176,
94-SRNP-7194) and an unknown crambid on Ma-
ranta arundinacea (Marantaceae) (90-SRNP-1513).
DISTRIBUTION. From the midlatitudes of
Mexico south through Central America and Cuba
to the Caribbean countries of South America. Col-
lected throughout the year at La Selva, except for
November (Fig. 21), mostly in successional plots.
Alabagrus masneri Sharkey
Figs. 6c, 11c, 16e
Alabagrus masneri Sharkey, 1988:381-382. Holo-
type 9, Panama (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind coxa mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black in apical fifth; or yellowish-orange
in basal twelfth, black apically. Hind femur black;
or mostly yellowish-orange but black in basal and
apical twelfth. Body length 3. 8-6.0 mm. Sternaulus
with several foveae posteroventrally and smooth
groove (cf. Fig. 16f); or completely absent (cf. Fig.
16d); or mostly absent, represented by a small shal-
low depression (cf. Fig. 18d). Gena rounded pos-
teroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). Ovipositor 0.71-1.13 X
body length. Hind tibia black.
LENGTH. (1) 3. 8-6.0 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 32 to 36 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.63-0.80 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 12a, 12c); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent (cf. Fig. 11a) to weak anteriorly (cf. Fig.
11c). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a), or with one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid).
(10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or mostly smooth with several
Contributions in Science, Number 497
weak punctures, or with transverse, rugose or
smooth ridge (cf. Figs. 11a, 12d). (11) Sternaulus
with several foveae posteroventrally and smooth
groove (cf. Fig. 16f), or mostly absent, represented
by small, shallow depression (cf. Fig. 18d), or com-
pletely absent (cf. Fig. 16d). (12) Margin between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16b), or with no crenulae along ventral
margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metan-
otum deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum weakly are-
olate (cf. Fig. 12a) to mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 14a);
(17) anterior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly
(cf. Fig. 17a), or with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.
lid), or large and five-sided (cf. Fig. 14d); (18) an-
terior transverse carina of propodeum complete to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d). (20) Midtibia with
0 to 4 spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to 5 spines.
(22) Flind femur smooth ventrally (usually) (cf. Fig.
10b), or punctate ventrally (cf. Fig. 10a); (23) 3.48--
4.93 X longer than wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-
a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b), or veins IM
and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b), or with well-defined median
longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 19c); (26) 1.07-1.64 X
longer than wide; (27) lacking transverse depres-
sion. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.10-1.38 X lon-
ger than wide. (29) Second median tergite lacking
transverse depression, or with transverse depression
barely indicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking
transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.71-1.13 X
body length; (32) 2.69-3.72 X length of hind fe-
mur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Flead black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except propleuron
sometimes black. Foreleg and midleg mostly black
but both tibia and mid coxa sometimes yellowish-
orange apically and both tarsi always yellowish-or-
ange. Hind leg black except coxa yellowish-orange
in basal four fifths and femur sometimes yellowish-
orange centrally. Forewing and hind wing black.
Metasoma almost always yellowish-orange but
rarely brown. Ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34)
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum yellowish-orange; (39) propleuron
black, or yellowish-orange; (40) mesonotum yel-
lowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange;
(44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum
yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter
black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur
black; (51) foretibia black, or black in basal half,
yellow apically; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black, or yellowish-orange; (54) mid-
trochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56)
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 35
midfemur black; (57) midtibia black, or yellowish-
orange in apical fifth, black basally; (58) midtarsus
yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa mostly yellowish-
orange but black in apical fifth, or yellowish-orange
in basal twelfth, black apically; (60) hind trochan-
ter black; (61) hind trochantellus black; (62) hind
femur black, or mostly yellowish-orange but black
in basal and apical twelfth; (63) hind tibia black;
(64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing entirely black;
(66) hind wing pattern entirely black. Metasoma.
(67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovi-
positor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread from Belize south
to Peru and east to Suriname. Collected throughout
the year at La Selva (Fig. 21). Collected mostly in
successional plots and at the swamp site.
Alabagrus maya Sharkey
Fig. 8g
Alabagrus maya Sharkey, 1988:384. Holotype 7,
Mexico (USNM).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia with 7 to 11 spines.
Gena right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a) or acute (cf. Fig. 9d)
posteroventrally. Tergum 8 yellowish-orange. Apex
of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf.
Fig. 12a). Malar space 0.45-0.55 X the distance
from the eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
Hind coxa yellowish-orange. Forewing entirely and
evenly black. Median syntergite 2-f 3 1.09-1.27 X
longer than wide. First median tergite 1.17-1.52 X
longer than wide. Metapleuron yellowish-orange.
LENGTH. (1) 5. 6-8.9 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 42 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled (usually) (cf. Fig. 9a), or
acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4) Malar space
0.45-0.55 X distance from eye to maximum extent
of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate.
(7) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf.
Fig. 11c) to absent (cf. Fig. 11a). (8, 9) Scutellar
sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), sometimes with
one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid). (10) Apex of
scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig.
12a). (11) Sternaulus composed of large crenulae
posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or mostly absent,
represented by small, shallow depression (cf. Fig.
18d). (12) Margin between metepisternum and me-
tepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleu-
ron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with several
(cf. Fig. 16b) or no (cf. Fig. 16f) crenulae along
ventral margin. (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16)
Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior
areola of propodeum weak (cf. Fig. 17a) or with
blunt (cf. Fig. 17d) to sharp (cf. Fig. lid) ridge
anteriorly; (18) anterior transverse carina of pro-
podeum complete to absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f,
17d). (20) Midtibia with 2 to 6 spines; (21) hind
tibia with 7 to 11 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth
36 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.76-5.03 X longer
than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a in-
tersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf.
Fig. 19c); (26) 1.17-1.52 X longer than wide; (27)
lacking transverse depression. (28) Median synter-
gite 2-^3 1.09-1.27 X longer than wide. (29) Sec-
ond median tergite with transverse depression. (30)
Third median tergite with transverse depression ab-
sent to strong. (31) Ovipositor 0.58-0.93 X body
length; (32) 2.18-3.20 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except max-
illary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. Meso-
soma usually black except propodeum and metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange, but some specimens from out-
side Costa Rica have been recorded with entirely yel-
lowish-orange mesosomas. Foreleg black except
foretarsus yellowish-orange. Midleg highly variable in
coloration: usually entirely black but ranges to entire-
ly yellowish-orange. Hind leg usually black except
yellowish-orange coxa and lateral portion of femur,
but can be entirely yellowish-orange except tarsus
black. Metasoma yellowish-orange except tergite of
median tergite 7 sometimes black. Ovipositor sheath
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and
labial palpomeres yellowish orange. (37) Head black.
Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (39) propleuron black, or yellowish-orange; (40)
mesonotum black, or yellowish-orange; (43) meso-
pleuron black, or yellowish-orange; (44) metanotum
black, or yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellow-
ish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47)
forecoxa black, or yellowish-orange; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50) fore-
femur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yel-
lowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (54) midtrochanter black, or yellowish-orange;
(55) midtrochantellus black, or yellowish-orange; (56)
midfemur black, or yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia
black; (58) midtarsus black; (59) hind coxa yellowish-
orange; (60) hind trochanter black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (61) hind trochantellus black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (62) hind femur mostly black with a yellowish-
orange area laterally and apically, or entirely black,
or entirely yellowish-orange; (63) hind tibia black, or
yellowish-orange; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) fore-
wing entirely black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely
black. Metasoma. (67-72) Terga 1 to 6 yellowish-
orange; (73) tergum 7 yellowish-orange, or black; (74)
tergum 8 yellowish-orange. Metasoma of males
brown to black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico south to Co-
lombia. Collected at La Selva in April, May, July,
August, and October (Fig. 21), exclusively in suc-
cessional plots.
Alabagrus miqa Sharkey
Fig. 3b
Alabagrus miqa Sharkey, 1988:384-385. Holotype
9, Mexico (BMNH).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind coxa black but yellowish-or-
ange posteriorly. Notaulus absent (cf. Fig. 12c).
Median syntergite 2 + 3 0.88-1.00 X longer than
wide.
LENGTH. (1) 7.0-7.3 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 37 to 41 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a),
or acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4) Malar
space 0.9 X the distance from the eye to the max-
imum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus absent (cf. Fig. 12c).
(7) Median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. 11c). (8) Scutellar sulcus with weak
median ridge (cf. Fig. lid); (9) with one ridge (cf.
Fig. 11b). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
16a), or mostly absent, represented by small, shal-
low depression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16b), or with no crenulae along ventral
margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metan-
otum deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior
margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 14a). (20) Midtibia with 0 to 3
spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to 5 spines. (22) Hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 8-4.0
X longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and
Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig.
19c); (26) 0.72-1.30 X longer than wide; (27) lack-
ing transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite
2 + 3 0.88-1.00 X longer than wide. (29) Second
median tergite with strong transverse depression.
(30) Third median tergite with strong transverse de-
pression. (31) Ovipositor 0.4-1. 0 X body length;
(32) 1.5-2. 3 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except palpi
yellow; mesosoma brownish-black except metano-
tum, tegula, propodeum, hind trochanter and hind
coxa posteriorly orange; legs all brownish-black ex-
cept fore- and midtarsi yellow; metasoma orange
except black distad segment 5; forewing infuscate
except stigma yellow distally. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40) me-
sonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) me-
tanotum black, or yellowish-orange; (45) propo-
deum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron black;
(47) forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49)
foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51)
foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57)
midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange;
(59) hind coxa black but yellowish-orange poste-
riorly; (60) trochanter black; (61) trochantellus
black; (62) femur black; (63) tibia black; (64) tarsus
Contributions in Science, Number 497
black; (65) forewing entirely black, or black with
stigma yellow; (66) hind wing pattern entirely
black. Metasoma. (67-71) Terga 1 to 5 yellowish-
orange; (72, 73) terga 6 and 7 black, or yellowish-
orange; (74) tergum 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath
black.
DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico south to
Costa Rica. Collected only once in January in Li-
mon Province of Costa Rica (Fig. 21).
Alabagrus mojos Sharkey
Fig. 4e
Alabagrus mojos Sharkey, 1988:386-387. Holo-
type ?, Ecuador (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind coxa yellowish-orange in basal
twelfth, black apically. Gena right-angled poster-
oventrally (cf. Fig. 9a). Tergum 4 mostly yellowish-
orange but black posteriorly.
LENGTH. (1) 5.3-7.7mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 37 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Eig. 9a).
(4) Malar space 0.58 X distance from eye to max-
imum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Eig. lid); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Me-
dian longitudinal ridge of scutum absent (cf. Fig.
11a). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a), sometimes with one weak median ridge (cf.
Fig. lid). (10) Apex of scutellum with transverse
smooth (cf. Fig. 12d) or rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a).
(11) Sternaulus mostly absent, represented by
small, shallow depression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Mar-
gin between metepisternum and metepimeron cren-
ulate (usually) (cf. Fig. 16a) or smooth (cf. Fig. 16f).
(13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a);
(14) with no crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig.
16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum deeply ex-
cavated, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17)
anterior areola of propodeum with long, blunt,
wide ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17d); (18) anterior
transverse carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig.
17d) to weakly defined (cf. Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia
with 0 to 4 spines; (21) hind tibia with 2 to 4
spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b); (23) 4. 5-4. 7 X longer than wide. (24) Fore-
wing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) Eirst median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 1.36-1.80 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 1 + 3
1.06-1.80 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite lacking transverse depression, or with trans-
verse depression barely indicated. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.66-0.70 X body length; (32) 2.47-2.80
X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head usually black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange,
but sometimes orange except vertex black. Mesosoma
yellowish-orange except mesoscutum black. Foreleg
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 37
and midleg both entirely yellowish-orange. Hind leg
black except coxa in basal twelfth, femur, and tibia
in basal seven eighths yellowish-orange. Forewing and
hind wing usually banded from base: yellow, black,
yellow, black, but forewing can be entirely black or
black with one clear band in apical third quarter. Ter-
ga 1 to 3 yellowish-orange. Median tergum 4 yellow-
ish-orange but black posteriorly. Terga 5 to 8 and ovi-
positor sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36)
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
(37) Head black (98%, sample size = 41), or yellow-
ish-orange except vertex black. Mesosoma. (38) Pron-
otum yellowish-orange; (39) propleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (40) mesonotum bicolorous, black and yellow-
ish-orange; (41) mesoscutum black; (42) scutellum
yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange;
(44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum
yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange;
(47) forecoxa yellowish-orange; (48) foretrochanter
yellowish-orange; (49) foretrochantellus yellowish-or-
ange; (50) forefemur yellowish-orange; (51) foretibia
yellowish-orange; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa yellowish-orange; (54) midtrochanter
yellowish-orange; (55) midtrochantellus yellowish-or-
ange; (56) midfemur yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia
yellowish-orange; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange;
(59) hind coxa yellowish-orange in basal twelfth,
black apically; (60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind
trochantellus black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange,
or mostly yellowish-orange but black in apical eighth
and basal tenth; (63) hind tibia mostly yellow but
black in apical eighth, or mostly yellow but black in
apical and basal sixth; (64) hind tarsus black; (65)
forewing banded from base: yellow, black, yellow,
black; all bands complete from foremargin to hind
margin of wing and costal vein yellow, or entirely and
evenly black, or black with one clear band in apical
third quarter; (66) hind wing pattern banded from
base: yellow, black, yellow, black. Metasoma. (67-69)
Terga 1 to 3 yellowish-orange; (70) tergum 4 mostly
yellowish-orange but black posteriorly; (71-74) terga
5 to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread from Guatemala
south to northern Argentina. Collected at La Selva
from March through August, and in November and
December (Fig. 22), in successional plots and sec-
ond-growth forest.
Alabagrus nahuatl Sharkey
Fig- 3g
Alabagrus nahuatl Sharkey, 1988:388. Holotype 9,
Mexico (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing clear in basal half, black
apically. Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9b). Metapleuron areolate rugose in ventral half
(cf. Fig. 16a). First median tergite 1.0 X longer than
wide.
LENGTH. (1) 9.3-10.5 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 40 to 46 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Eig. 9b). (4)
38 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Malar space 0.5 X the distance from the eye to the
maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. lid); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Me-
dian longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig.
lid). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a), or with median ridge (cf. Fig. 11b), or with
weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid); (9) with no ridges
(cf. Fig. 12a), or one ridge (cf. Fig. 11b). (10) Apex
of scutellum with transverse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig.
11a), or with transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig.
12d). (11) Sternaulus long, distinct, and composed
of many small foveae (cf. Fig. 15b), or composed
of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a).
(12) Margin between metepisternum and metepi-
meron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron
areolate rugose in ventral half (cf. Fig. 16a). (15)
Median areola of metanotum deeply excavated,
with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c).
(16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) ante-
rior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig.
17a); (18) transverse carina of propodeum absent
(cf. Fig. 17d), or weakly defined (cf. Fig. 14f). (20)
Midtibia with 3 to 10 spines; (21) hind tibia with
8 to 20 spines. (22) Hind femur rugose ventrally
(cf. Fig. 10c); (23) 2. 9-3. 2 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 1.0 X longer than wide; (27) lacking trans-
verse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.1-
1.2 X longer than wide. (29) Second median tergite
with strong transverse depression. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.8 X body length; (32) 3.4 X length of
hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Black, reddish orange,
and brown; palpi, fore-, and midtarsus brown; red-
dish orange as follows: metanotum, metapleuron,
propodeum, hind femur, and metasoma except ter-
minally and along ventral midline black; forewing
clear basally, infuscate distad IRS cell. Head. (34)
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres black. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pron-
otum black; (39) propleuron black; (40) mesono-
tum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) metano-
tum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-
orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47)
forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49)
foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51)
foretibia black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57)
midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange;
(59) hind coxa black; (60) trochanter black; (61)
trochantellus black; (62) femur yellowish-orange;
(63) tibia black; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing
clear in basal half, black apically; (66) hind wing
pattern entirely black. Metasoma. (67-69) Terga 1
to 3 yellowish-orange; (70) terga 4 to 8 black. (75)
Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Lygropia tripunctata (Fabricius) feeding
on Operculina pteripes (Convolvulaceae) (94-
SRNP-5606).
DISTRIBUTION. Mexico south to Costa Rica.
One specimen reared in July in Guanacaste Prov-
ince of Costa Rica (Fig. 22).
Alabagrus nicoya Sharkey
Fig. 3c
Alabagrus nicoya Sharkey, 1988:388-389. Holo-
type 9, Costa Rica (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. First median tergite 0.58-0.70 X
longer than wide. Gena rounded posteroventrally
(cf. Fig. 9b). Maxillary and labial palpomeres most-
ly black, but yellowish-orange apically. Hind femur
2. 5-2. 9 X longer than wide.
LENGTH. (1) 9.1-11.0 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 45 to 48 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.63-0.77 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. lid), or weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 12a); (6)
not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal
ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig. lid), or weak an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. 11c). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with median ridge (cf. Fig.
11b), or with weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid); (9)
with no ridges (cf. Fig. 12a), or two or more ridges
(cf. Fig. 17c). (10) Apex of scutellum with trans-
verse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a), or with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus long,
distinct, and composed of many small foveae (cf.
Fig. 15b), or composed of large crenulae poster-
oventrally (cf. Fig. 16a) (almost always). (12) Mar-
gin between metepisternum and metepimeron cren-
ulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron areolate ru-
gose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b), or areolate
rugose in ventral half (cf. Fig. 16a). (15) Median
areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with well-
defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Pro-
podeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola
of propodeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17a), or
with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18)
transverse carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig.
17d), or weakly defined (cf. Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia
with 5 or 6 spines; (21) hind tibia with 5 to 12
spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b), or rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c) (almost al-
ways); (23) 2. 5-2. 9 X longer than wide. (24) Fore-
wing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite evenly
convex, lacking distinct bump anteromedially (cf.
Fig. 19b); (26) 0.58-0.70 X longer than wide; (27)
lacking transverse depression. (28) Median synter-
gite 2 + 3 0.88-1.00 X longer than wide. (29) Sec-
ond median tergite with strong transverse depres-
sion, or with transverse depression barely indicated.
(30) Third median tergite lacking transverse de-
pression, or with shallow transverse depression.
(31) Ovipositor 0.75-0.80 X body length; (32) 3.4-
3.7 X length of hind femur.
Contributions in Science, Number 497
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except api-
cal tips of maxillary and labial palpomeres yellow-
ish-orange. Mesosoma black except metanotum,
propodeum, and metapleuron yellowish-orange.
Foreleg and midleg both entirely black, but tarsi are
sometimes yellowish-orange. Hind leg black except
coxa and femur yellowish-orange. Forewing entire-
ly black but darker apically, or yellow basally and
black apically with a sharp or gradual distinction.
Hind wing entirely black. Metasoma mostly yel-
lowish-orange, with some black along venter and
rarely terga 2 to 4. Ovipositor sheath black. Head.
(34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres mostly black, but yellowish-orange api-
cally. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum
black; (39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum
black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum
yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-or-
ange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) fore-
coxa black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretro-
chantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51) fore-
tibia black; (52) foretarsus black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter
black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur
black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtarsus black, or
yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange;
(60) trochanter black; (61) trochantellus black; (62)
femur yellowish-orange; (63) tibia black; (64) tar-
sus black; (65) forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a weak distinction, costal vein black,
or yellow basally and black apically with a weak
distinction, costal vein yellow, or entirely black but
darker in apical tenth; (66) hind wing pattern en-
tirely black. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yel-
lowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath mostly black
but yellow at apex.
HOSTS. Dichogama colotha Dyar on Capparis
indica or C. incana (Capparidaceae) (79-SRNP-211,
89-SRNP-204, 90-SRNP-1194, 92-SRNP-665, 92-
SRNP-4177, 92-SRNP-4220, 92-SRNP-4222, 92-
SRNP-4228, 92-SRNP-4230, 92-SRNP-4232, 92-
SRNP-4242, 92-SRNP-4254, 92-SRNP-4261, 92-
SRNP-4532, 93-SRNP-831, 93-SRNP-833, 93-
SRNP-4953, 93-SRNP-4958, 93-SRNP-4964.1,
96-SRNP-1278, 96-SRNP-4969), Dichogamma red-
tenbacheri Lederer on Capparis frondosa (90-SRNP-
1242.1, 90-SRNP-1407.1, 90-SRNP-1407.2, 90-
SRNP-1407.3, 90-SRNP-1955, 93-SRNP-4734), and
Lativalva pseudosmithii Amsel on Morisonia ameri-
cana (Capparidaceae) (93-SRNP-4715). 93-SRNP-
4964.1 was attacked by a hyperparasitoid (Hyme-
noptera: Perilampidae).
DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Santa Rosa
National Park in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Has been
reared from larvae collected in May through Au-
gust (Fig. 22).
Alabagrus nigritulus (Szepligeti)
Figs. 8f, lid, 18c, 19b
Microdus nigritulus Szepligeti, 1902:76. Holotype
9, Brazil (HNHM).
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 39
Cremnops punctipennis Cameron, 1911:322. Ho-
lotype d, Guyana (BMNH).
Alabagrus nigritulus Sharkey, 1988:389, figs. 7d,
15d.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing entirely black. Gena
right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a) or acute (cf. Fig. 9e) pos-
teroventrally. Median syntergite 2-^3 1.30-1.52 X
longer than wide. Midtarsus yellowish-orange.
Pronotum black. Tergum 8 yellowish-orange. Ovi-
positor 2.67-3.80 X length of hind femur. Median
longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig. lid).
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a); or
with weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid). Mesonotum
black.
LENGTH. (1) 4.9-8.0 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 33 to 40 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute posteroventrally (usually) (cf. Fig.
9d), or right-angled (cf. Fig. 9a). (4) Malar space
0.52-0.76 X distance from eye to maximum extent
of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed;
(6) not crenulate. (7) Median longitudinal ridge of
scutum strong (cf. Fig. lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus
with one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid), or most-
ly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutellum
smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or
mostly smooth with several weak punctures, or
with transverse smooth (cf. Fig. 12d) or rugose
ridge (rarely) (cf. Fig. 11a). (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
16a), or with several crenulae posteroventrally and
a smooth groove (cf. Fig. 16f), or long, distinct, and
composed of many small crenulae (cf. Fig. 15b).
(12) Margin between metepisternum and metepi-
meron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron
mostly smooth (usually) (cf. Fig. 15a), or areolate
rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with
several crenulae along ventral margin (usually) (cf.
Fig. 16b), or with no crenulae along ventral margin
(cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with blunt
(cf. Fig. 17d) to sharp (cf. Fig. lid) ridge anteriorly,
or large and five-sided (cf. Fig. 14d); (18) anterior
transverse carina of propodeum strongly defined to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d). (20) Midtibia with
0 to 6 spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to 5 spines.
(22) Hind femur smooth (usually) (cf. Fig. 10b) or
rugose ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c); (23) 3.17-4.37 X
longer than wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-a inter-
sects Cu distad IM (usually) (Fig. 13b), or veins
IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking small longitudinal bump
anteriorly (Fig. 19b); (26) 1.00-1.59 X longer than
wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Me-
dian syntergite 2-^3 1.30-1.52 X longer than wide.
(29) Second median tergite with transverse depres-
sion barely indicated. (30) Third median tergite
40 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor
0.64-0.93 X body length; (32) 2.67-3.80 X length
of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except max-
illary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange. Me-
sosoma black except metanotum, propodeum, and
metapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and midleg
black except both tarsi yellowish-orange. Hind leg
black except coxa and femur yellowish-orange, and
tibia sometimes mostly yellowish-orange or with an
yellowish-orange area distolaterally. Forewing and
hind wing entirely black. Metasoma almost always
yellowish-orange with ovipositor sheath black, but
some males have more black posteriorly. Outside
Costa Rica some specimens have yellowish-orange
fore- and midcoxae and can even be entirely black.
Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial
palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Me-
sosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron
black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron
black; (44) metanotum black, or yellowish-orange;
(45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron
yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-
orange; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochan-
tellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia
black; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) mid-
coxa black, or yellowish-orange; (54) midtrochanter
black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur
black; (57) midtibia black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-
orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange; (60) hind
trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus black; (62)
hind femur yellowish-orange; (63) hind tibia black,
or mostly yellow but black in apical eighth, or most-
ly black with a yellowish-orange area laterally; (64)
hind tarsus black; (65) forewing entirely black; (66)
hind wing pattern entirely black. Metasoma. (67-74)
Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread in the Neotropics
from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to northern Argen-
tina. Collected throughout the year at La Selva, ex-
cept February and November (Fig. 22). Commonly
collected in successional plots at La Selva; occa-
sionally collected in other habitats.
Alabagrus pachamama Sharkey
Figs. 4c, 14c
Alabagrus pachamama Sharkey, 1988:391-392.
Holotype $, Ecuador (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia mostly yellow but black
in apical eighth. Forewing banded from base: yel-
low, black, yellow, black. Antenna with 42 to 48
flagellomeres. Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.21-1.56 X
longer than wide. Sternaulus composed of large
crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). Hind tibia
with 4 or 5 spines. Second median tergite lacking
transverse depression; or with transverse depression
barely indicated.
LENGTH. (1) 5.68-10.00 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 42 to 48 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute posteroventrally (usually) (cf. Eig.
9d), or right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Eig. 9a).
(4) Malar space 0.34-0.62 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply (cf. Eig. lid)
or weakly impressed (cf. Eig. 12a); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Eig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum strong (90%, sample size — 129) (cf. Eig. lid),
or weak (10%) (cf. Eig. 11c). (8) Scutellar sulcus
mostly smooth (cf. Eig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutel-
lum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Eig. 12a),
or mostly smooth with several weak punctures, or
with transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11)
Sternaulus composed of large crenulae posterov-
entrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin between mete-
pisternum and metepimeron smooth (95%) (cf. Fig.
16f), or crenulate (5%) (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with sev-
eral (cf. Fig. 16b) or no crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c), or rarely not excavated (<1%)
(cf. Fig. 17a). (16) Propodeum mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 14a), or areolate (cf. Fig. 12a). (20) Midtibia
with 0 to 5 spines; (21) hind tibia with 4 or 5
spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig.
10b); (23) 3.75-5.66 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a),
or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) Eirst median tergite evenly
convex, lacking distinct bump anteromedially (cf.
Eig. 19b), or with small longitudinal bump anteri-
orly (cf. Eig. 19a); (26) 0.98-1.50 X longer than
wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Me-
dian syntergite 2 + 3 1.21-1.56 X longer than wide.
(29) Second median tergite with transverse depres-
sion barely indicated or lacking. (30) Third median
tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipos-
itor 0.51-0.93 X body length; (32) 1.95-3.26 X
length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except clyp-
eus and maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-
orange. Mesosoma black except propodeum, me-
tapleuron, and sometimes metanotum yellowish-or-
ange. Eoreleg entirely yellowish-orange to entirely
black except tarsus yellowish-orange. Midleg yel-
lowish-orange except femur sometimes black in
part to entirely black except basal part of midtibia
yellowish-orange. Hind leg yellowish-orange except
coxa distolaterally, parts of tibia, and tarsus some-
times black. Eorewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black. Hind wing yellow except
black in apical quarter, or yellowish-orange with
black band in apical third quarter. Metasoma most-
ly to entirely black, terga 1 to 4 often yellowish-
orange. Ovipositor sheath black with yellowish-or-
ange area at apex. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36)
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black;
(39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43)
mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum black, or yel-
lowish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange;
(46) metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa
Contributions in Science, Number 497
yellowish-orange, or black, or black in anterior
half, yellow posteriorly; (48) foretrochanter yellow-
ish-orange, or black, or black in anterior half, yel-
low posteriorly; (49) foretrochantellus yellowish-
orange, or black, or black anteriorly, yellow pos-
teriorly; (50) forefemur yellowish-orange, or black,
or black in basal half, yellowish-orange apically;
(51) foretibia yellowish-orange, or black; (52) for-
etarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa yellowish-
orange, or black; (54) midtrochanter yellowish-or-
ange, or black; (55) midtrochantellus yellowish-or-
ange, or black; (56) midfemur yellowish-orange, or
black, or yellowish-orange in basal and apical
sixth, black elsewhere; (57) midtibia yellowish-or-
ange, or yellowish-orange in basal tenth, black api-
cally; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange, or black, or
mostly yellowish-orange, but apical tarsomere
black; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly
yellowish-orange but black laterally; (60) hind tro-
chanter black, or yellowish-orange; (61) hind tro-
chantellus black, or yellowish-orange; (62) hind fe-
mur yellowish-orange; (63) hind tibia mostly yel-
low but black in apical eighth; (64) hind tarsus
black; (65) forewing banded from base: yellow,
black, yellow, black: all bands complete from fore-
margin to hind margin of wing and costal vein yel-
low; (66) hind wing pattern yellow with one black
band in apical third quarter, or yellow basally,
black in apical quarter to eighth. Metasoma. (67-
70) Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-orange (usually), or
black; (71-74) terga 5 to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black, or mostly black but yellow at apex.
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread from Costa Rica
south to Bolivia, east to Trinidad and through the
Amazon Basin. Collected throughout the year at La
Selva (Fig. 22) in all habitat types.
Alabagrus paruyana Sharkey
Figs. 3d, 18b
Alabagrus paruyana Sharkey, 1988:393-394. Ho-
lotype $, Ecuador (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Sternaulus completely absent (cf.
Fig. 16d). Median areola of metanotum not exca-
vated, posterior margin not elevated (cf. Fig. 17a).
Body length 7.0-10.8 mm. Third median tergite
with shallow transverse depression; or with strong
transverse depression. Antenna with 44 to 50 fla-
gellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 7.0-10.8 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 44 to 50 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b)
(usually), or right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9a). (4) Malar space 0.63-0.67 X the distance from
the eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. lid), or weakly impressed (cf. Fig. 12a); (6)
not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal
ridge of scutum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c), or
absent (cf. Fig. 11a). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutellum
smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11)
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 41
Sternaulus completely absent (cf. Fig. 16d). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
smooth (cf. Fig. 16f). (13) Metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with no crenulae along
ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of
metanotum not excavated, posterior margin not el-
evated (cf. Fig. 17a). (16) Propodeum mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 14a). (20) Midtibia with 1 or 2
spines; (21) hind tibia with 1 to 7 spines. (22) Hind
femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.7-4. 1
X longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and
Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects
Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) Eirst median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 1.0-1. 4 X longer than
wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Me-
dian syntergite 2-f3 1.05-1.20 X longer than wide.
(29) Second median tergite with strong transverse
depression. (30) Third median tergite with strong
transverse depression, or with shallow transverse
depression. (31) Ovipositor 1.09-1.15 X body
length; (32) 4.37-5.16 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma entirely black except propodeum and
metanotum sometimes yellowish-orange. Foreleg
and midleg entirely black except foretarsus yellow-
ish-orange and both tibia and femur sometimes yel-
lowish-orange. Hind leg black except coxa and fe-
mur yellowish-orange. Forewing banded from base:
yellow, black, yellow, black with costal vein black.
Hindwing entirely yellow except apical tip some-
times black. Metapleuron yellowish-orange except
terga 6 to 8 and ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34)
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres yellowish orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40)
mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44)
metanotum black, or yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum black, or yellowish-orange; (46) metapleu-
ron black; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretrochanter
black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50) forefemur
black, or yellowish-orange; (51) foretibia black, or
yellowish-orange; (52) foretarsus yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black, or
yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia black, or yellowish-
orange; (58) midtarsus black; (59) hind coxa yel-
lowish-orange; (60) trochanter black; (61) trochan-
tellus black; (62) femur yellowish-orange; (63) tibia
black; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing banded from
base: yellow, black, yellow, black; all bands com-
plete and costal vein black; (66) hind wing pattern
yellow basally, black in apical twentieth, or yellow
basally, slightly black in apical quarter. Metasoma.
(67-71) Terga 1 to 5 yellowish-orange; (72-74) ter-
ga 6 to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica south to Ecuador.
Has been collected in March and June in Guana-
42 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
caste and Puntarenas provinces of Costa Rica (Fig.
22).
Alabagrus parvifaciatus (Cameron)
Figs. 6e, 16d, 19e
Cremnops parvifaciatus Cameron, 1911:323. Ho-
lotype (3, Guyana (BMNH).
Cremnops maculipes Cameron, 1911:322. Holo-
type $, Guyana (BMNH).
Liyptia rufiventris Enderlein, 1920:211. Holotype
$, Ecuador (ZMPA).
Alabagrus parvifaciatus Sharkey, 1988:394-395,
figs, le, 4d, 12b, 12d.
DIAGNOSIS. First median tergite with antero-
lateral converging carinae (cf. Fig. 19e). Hind fe-
mur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b). Hind coxa yel-
lowish-orange in basal twelfth, black apically. Ovi-
positor 1.5 X body length.
LENGTH. (1) 4.6-10.2 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 40 to 45 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Eig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0. 8-1.0 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Eig. lid), or weakly impressed (cf. Eig. 12a); (6)
not crenulate (cf. Eig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal
ridge of scutum strong (cf. Eig. lid), or weak an-
teriorly (cf. Eig. 11c), or absent (cf. Eig. 11a). (8)
Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Eig. 12a), or
with weak median ridge (cf. Eig. lid). (10) Apex
of scutellum rugose, lacking transverse ridge (cf.
Eig. 11c), or with transverse, rugose ridge (cf. Eig.
11a), or with transverse, smooth ridge (cf. Eig.
12d). (11) Sternaulus with several foveae poster-
oventrally and smooth groove (cf. Eig. 16f), or
long, distinct and composed of many small foveae
(cf. Eig. 15b), or composed of large crenulae pos-
teroventrally (cf. Eig. 16a), or mostly absent, rep-
resented by small, shallow depression (cf. Eig. 18d).
(12) Margin between metepisternum and metepi-
meron crenulate (cf. Eig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron
mostly smooth (cf. Eig. 15a); (14) with several cren-
ulae along ventral margin (cf. Eig. 16b). (15) Me-
dian areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with
well-defined posterior margin (cf. Eig. 17c), or
weakly excavated, with posterior margin not ele-
vated. (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Pig. 12a), or
mostly smooth (cf. Pig. 14a); (17) anterior areola
of propodeum with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Pig.
lid), or large and five-sided (cf. Pig. 14d); (18)
transverse carina of propodeum complete (cf. Pig.
lid), or weakly defined (cf. Pig. 14f); (19) consist-
ing of only one smooth, straight, transverse ridge.
(20) Midtibia with 0 to 2 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 4 to 6 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Pig. 10b); (23) 3-4 X longer than wide.
(24) Porewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM
(Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) Pirst median tergite with an-
terolateral converging carinae (cd. Pig. 19e); (26)
0.95-1.70 X longer than wide; (27) lacking trans-
verse depression. (28) Median syntergite l + ?> 1.1-
1.5 X longer than wide. (29) Second median tergite
with strong transverse depression, or with trans-
verse depression barely indicated. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 1.5 X body length; (32) 5.90-6.25 X length
of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Black, orange, and yel-
low; palpi, foretarsus, and portions of midtarsus
yellow; orange as follows: metapleuron, propo-
deum, hind coxa except laterally slightly darker,
hind femur except apical fifth, and metasoma ex-
cept apical third; forewing infuscate; stigma con-
colorous with remainder of wing. Head. (34) An-
tenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres
yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40)
mesonotum black, or bicolorous, black and yellow-
ish-orange; (41) mesoscutum black, or yellowish-
orange; (42) scutellum black, or yellowish-orange;
(43) mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum yellow-
ish-orange; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46)
metapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa
black; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochan-
tellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia
black; (52) foretarsus black, or yellowish-orange;
(53) midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55)
midtrochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57)
midtibia black; (58) midtarsus black, or yellowish-
orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish orange in basal
twelfth, black apically; (60) trochanter black; (61)
trochantellus black; (62) femur yellowish-orange;
(63) tibia black; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing
entirely black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely
black. Metasoma. (67-72) Terga 1 to 6 yellowish-
orange; (73) terga 7 and 8 black, or yellowish-or-
ange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Honduras south to Ecuador
and east to Brazil. Has been collected in Guana-
caste Province of Costa Rica in August and Septem-
ber (Pig. 22).
Alabagrus pecki Sharkey
Pigs. 5a
Alabagrus pecki Sharkey, 1988:395. Holotype $,
Mexico (CNCI).
DIAGNOSIS. Porewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction, costal vein black.
Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Pig. 9b). Hind
wing yellow basally, black in apical eighth. Ster-
naulus with several foveae posteroventrally and
smooth groove (cf. Pig. 16f); or completely absent
(cf. Pig. 16d); or mostly absent, represented by a
small, shallow depression (cf. Pig. 18d). Malar
space 0.57-0.79 X the distance from the eye to the
maximum extent of the gena.
LENGTH. (1) 6.75-9.70 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 40 to 46 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Pig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.57-0.79 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
Contributions in Science, Number 497
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 12a, 12c); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c), or absent (cf.
Fig. 11a). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 12a), or with one weak median ridge (cf. Fig.
lid). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, with (cf. Fig.
12d) or without (cf. Fig. 12a) transverse ridge. (11)
Sternaulus with several foveae posteroventrally and
a smooth groove (cf. Fig. 16f), or mostly absent,
represented by small, shallow depression (cf. Fig.
18d), or completely absent (cf. Fig. 16d). (12) Mar-
gin between metepisternum and metepimeron
smooth (usually) (cf. Fig. 16f), or crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with no crenulae along ventral margin
(cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Propodeum weakly areolate
(cf. Fig. 12a) to mostly smooth (usually) (cf. Fig.
14a). (20) Midtibia with 1 to 6 spines; (21) hind
tibia with 3 to 9 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth
ventrally (usually) (cf. Fig. 10b), or punctate ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10a); (23) 2.66-5.14 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect
(Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM
(usually) (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 1.01-1.47 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3
1.19-1.48 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite with transverse depression lacking to strong.
(30) Third median tergite lacking transverse de-
pression. (31) Ovipositor 0.79-1.26 X body length;
(32) 2.78-5.35 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except propleuron
and ventral half of pronotum sometimes black and
mesonotum sometimes with black areas. Foreleg
and midleg highly variable in coloration, from en-
tirely yellowish-orange to entirely black. Hind leg
black except yellowish-orange coxa, femur, and
sometimes tibia except apical eighth. Forewing yel-
low basally and black apically with a sharp dis-
tinction, costal vein black. Hind wing yellow ba-
sally, black in apical eighth. Metasoma yellowish-
orange. Ovipositor sheath black, sometimes yellow-
ish at apex. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36)
Maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yel-
lowish-orange, or black ventrally, yellowish-orange
dorsally; (39) propleuron yellowish-orange, or
black; (40) mesonotum yellowish-orange, or yel-
lowish-orange with black areas; (43) mesopleuron
yellowish-orange, or yellowish-orange with black
spots; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (47) forecoxa yellowish-orange, or
black; (48) foretrochanter yellowish orange, or
black; (49) foretrochantellus yellowish orange, or
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 43
black; (50) forefemur black, or yellowish-orange,
or mostly yellowish-orange, black laterally; (51)
foretibia black, or yellowish-orange, or mostly
black but yellowish-orange apically; (52) foretarsus
yellowish-orange, or black; (53) midcoxa yellow-
ish-orange, or black; (54) midtrochanter yellowish-
orange, or black; (55) midtrochantellus yellowish-
orange, or black; (56) midfemur black, or yellow-
ish-orange, or yellowish-orange in basal and apical
sixth, black elsewhere, or black basally, yellowish
orange in apical tenth; (57) midtibia black, or yel-
lowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-orange, black
in apical fifth, or mostly yellowish-orange, black in
basal and apical fifths; (58) midtarsus black, or yel-
lowish-orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange;
(60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange; (63) hind
tibia black, or mostly yellow but black in apical
eighth, or mostly yellowish-orange but black in api-
cal tenth; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) forewing yel-
low basally and black apically with a sharp dis-
tinction, costal vein black; (66) hind wing pattern
yellow basally, black in apical eighth. Metasoma.
(67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovi-
positor sheath black, or mostly black but yellow at
apex.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica, Belize, Guatema-
la, and southern Mexico. Collected throughout the
year at La Selva, except for December (Fig. 22).
Most commonly collected in primary forest.
Alabagrus roibasi Sharkey
Fig. 7d
Alabagrus roibasi Sharkey, 1988:397-398. Holo-
type 9, Costa Rica (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Scutellar sulcus with weak median
ridge (cf. Fig. lid). Hind tibia with 7 to 11 spines.
Forewing entirely and evenly black; or clear basally,
black in apical third with a sharp distinction. Gena
rounded (cf. Fig. 9b) or with obtuse angle posteri-
orly (cf. Fig. 9c). Ovipositor 0.70-0.86 X body
length. Antenna with 40 to 44 flagellomeres. An-
terior areola of propodeum with sharp ridge ante-
riorly (cf. Fig. lid). Ovipositor 2. 8-4.0 X length
of hind femur. Midtarsus yellowish orange. Median
longitudinal ridge of scutum weak anteriorly (cf.
Fig. 11c); or absent (cf. Fig. 11a). Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally and a
smooth groove (cf. Fig. 16f). Anterior transverse
Carina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d) to weak-
ly defined (cf. Fig. 14f).
LENGTH. (1) 5.6-8.5 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 40 to 44 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (usually) (cf.
Fig. 9b), or with obtuse angle posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9c). (4) Malar space 0.55-0.80 X the distance
from eye to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to absent (cf. Fig. 11a). (8,
44 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
9) Scutellar sulcus with one weak median ridge (cf.
Figs. lid). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking
transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus com-
posed of large crenulae posteroventrally and a
smooth groove (cf. Fig. 16f). (12) Margin between
metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a), or areolate rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig.
15b); (14) with several crenulae along ventral mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median areola of metanotum
deeply excavated, with well-defined posterior mar-
gin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16)
Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior
areola of propodeum with sharp ridge anteriorly
(cf. Fig. lid); (18) anterior transverse carina of pro-
podeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d) to weakly defined (cf.
Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia with 2 to 5 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 7 to 11 spines. (22) Hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 2.70-4.17 X
longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-
a intersect (Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu
distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 0.89-1.22 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.0-1. 2 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with transverse
depression barely indicated. (30) Third median ter-
gite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor
0.70-0.86 X body length; (32) 2. 8-4.0 X length of
hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propleuron sometimes
dark yellow, metanotum sometimes yellowish-or-
ange, and propodeum and metapleuron yellowish-
orange. Foreleg and midleg black except foretarsus
yellowish-orange and midtarsus sometimes yellow-
ish-orange. Hind leg mostly yellowish-orange ex-
cept tarsus and apical part of tibia always black
and remainder of tibia and lateral part of coxa
sometimes black. Forewing clear basally, black in
apical third with a sharp distinction to entirely
black. Hind wing entirely clear to black. Metasoma
yellowish-orange with terga 7 and 8 rarely black
and ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black, or yellow-
ish-orange; (40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleu-
ron black; (44) metanotum black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) me-
tapleuron yellowish-orange, or yellowish-orange in
dorsal third, black ventrally; (47) forecoxa black;
(48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus
black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black;
(52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa
black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochan-
tellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia
black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind
coxa yellowish-orange, or mostly yellowish-orange
but black laterally; (60) hind trochanter black, or
yellowish-orange; (61) hind trochantellus black, or
yellowish-orange; (62) hind femur yellowish-or-
ange; (63) hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange but
black in apical eighth; (64) hind tarsus black; (65)
forewing clear basally, black in apical third with a
sharp distinction, or entirely and evenly black; (66)
hind wing pattern entirely clear, or entirely black.
Metasoma. (67-72) Median terga 1 to 6 yellowish-
orange; (73, 74) terga 7 and 8 yellowish-orange
(usually), or black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Leaf-rolling Crambidae including Apo-
nia itzalis Munroe on Cornutia grandi folia (Ver-
benaceae) (89-SRNP-442b), Bicilia iarchasalis
Walker on Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) (90-
SRNP-1216, 90-SRNP-1256.1, 90-SRNP-1256.2a,
90-SRNP-1256.2b), Phaedropsis cernalis (Guenee)
on Triplaris melaenodendron (Polygonaceae) (90-
SRNP-1247A, 90-SRNP-1397A), Psara obscuralis
Lederer on Petiveria alliacea (90-SRNP-1435), and
Alatuncusia sp. on Capparis frondosa (Capparida-
ceae) (90-SRNP-1418.2).
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread in Mexico south
to northern Costa Rica. Has been collected in Costa
Rica from May through September (Fig. 22). Has
not been collected at La Selva.
Alabagrus sarapiqui new species
Fig. 7c
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tibia mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black in apical tenth. Maxillary and labial
palpomeres mostly yellowish-orange but black ba-
sally. Hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in basal twelfth; or mostly yellowish-orange
but black in basal eighth and apical twelfth. Body
length 5.47-7.55 mm.
LENGTH. (1) 5.47-7.55 [5.69] mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 39 to 46 [42] flagello-
meres. (3) Gena acute posteroventrally (usually) (cf.
Fig. 9d), or right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9a), or rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.49-0.62 [0.50] X distance from eye
to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly impressed
(cf. Fig. 12a); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7)
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig.
11c) to strong (cf. Fig. lid). (8) Scutellar sulcus
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a). (10) Apex of scutel-
lum smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a),
or with transverse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a). (11)
Sternaulus composed of large crenulae posterov-
entrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin between mete-
pisternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig.
16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
15a); (14) with (cf. Fig. 16b) or without (cf. Fig.
16f) crenulae along ventral margin. (15) Median
areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with well-
defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected
by strong ridge. (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with weak
Contributions in Science, Number 497
(cf. Fig. 17a) to sharp (cf. Fig. lid) ridge anteriorly;
(18) anterior transverse carina of propodeum com-
plete to absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d); (19) con-
sisting of only one smooth, straight, transverse
ridge. (20) Midtibia with 0 to 4 [1] spines; (21)
hind tibia with 2 to [6] spines. (22) blind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 2.10-4.66
[3.56] X longer than wide. (24) [Forewing vein
Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM] (usually) (Fig. 13b),
or veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) [0.82]-1.16 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3
1.01-[1.32] X longer than wide. (29) Second me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (30)
Third median tergite lacking transverse depression,
or with shallow transverse depression barely indi-
cated. (31) Ovipositor 0.64-[1.00] X body length;
(32) 2.33-3.88 [3.35] X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange
apically. Mesosoma black except metanotum, pro-
podeum, and metapleuron yellowish-orange. Fore-
leg and midleg black except both tarsi yellowish-
orange. Hind leg mostly yellowish-orange with the
following parts black: coxa laterally, trochanter,
trochantellus, femur basally and sometimes apical-
ly, tibia apically, and tarsus. Forewing black but
darker apically. Hind wing entirely black. Metaso-
ma entirely yellowish-orange except terga 7 and 8
sometimes black. Ovipositor sheath black. Head.
(34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres mostly yellowish orange but black basally.
(37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black;
(39) propleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43)
mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum yellowish-or-
ange; (45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) me-
tapleuron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black;
(48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus
black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black;
(52) foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa
black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochan-
tellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia
black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind
coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally;
(60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) [hind femur mostly yellowish-orange
but black in basal twelfth], or mostly yellowish-
orange but black in basal eighth and apical twelfth;
(63) hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange but black
in apical tenth; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) fore-
wing entirely black but darker in apical tenth; (66)
hind wing pattern entirely black. Metasoma. (67-
72) Terga 1 to 6 yellowish-orange; (73, 74) terga 7
and 8 [yellowish-orange] (usually), or black. (75)
Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. La Selva, Limon province, and the
Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica.
Found exclusively in successional plots at La Selva,
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 45
from March through October and December (Fig.
22).
Holotype $. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots, 14.viii.l993, (INBIOCRI)
002277561 (INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots: 19, 15.iii.l993, (INBIOCRI)
002276468 (INBC); 19, 15.iv.l993, 002276503
(CNCI), Id, 002276504 (CNCI); 3d, iv-v.l993 (P.
Hanson), 002302280 (INBC), 002302282
(BMNH), 002302281 (LACM); Id, 2.V.1993,
002271979 (OSUO); 19, l.vi.l993, 002261429
(UKIC); Id, 3.viii.l993, 002261762 (UKIC); Id,
14. viii.l993, 002277559 (USNM); 2d, l.ix.l993,
002277428 (AEIC), 002277425 (UKIC); 19,
15. X.1993, 002285445 (AEIC), Id, 002285438
(UKIC); Id, 1.X11.1993, 002302061 (INBC); 19,
17.vii.l995, 002302089 (CNCI); Id, 16.X.1995,
002300549 (CNCI). Limon: Est. Hitoy Cerere: 100
m: 19, X.1992 (G. Carballo), 000906881 (INBC).
Guanacaste: Est. Pitilla: 700 m: 1 9 , ix.l993,
001932278 (INBC).
Alabagrus semialbus (Szepligeti)
Fig. 4f
Microdus semialbus Szepligeti, 1902:76. Holotype
d, Brazil (HNHM).
Alabagrus semialbus Sharkey, 1988:399-400.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing black basally, clear api-
cally. Tergum 1 yellowish-orange but black in pos-
terior quarter. Metapleuron areolate rugose in ven-
tral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b).
LENGTH. (1) 8.11-8.35 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 42 to 47 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b), or
right-angled posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9a). (4) Ma-
lar space 0.49-0.55 X distance from eye to maxi-
mum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly impressed
(cf. Fig. 12a); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7)
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig.
lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a), or with one distinct (cf. Fig. 11b) to weak (cf.
Fig. lid) median ridge. (10) Apex of scutellum
smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or
with transverse, rugose (cf. Fig. 11a) or smooth
ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus composed of
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron areolate
rugose in ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b). (15) Median
areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with well-
defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16) Pro-
podeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola
of propodeum with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig.
lid); (18) anterior transverse carina of propodeum
absent (cf. Fig. 17d) to complete (cf. Fig. lid); (19)
consisting of only one smooth, straight, transverse
ridge, or with additional transverse carina present.
46 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
defining two extra areolae, or with one carina on
either side anterad opposite carina. (20) Midtibia
with 0 to 7 spines; (21) hind tibia with 5 or 6
spines. (22) Hind femur rugose ventrally (cf. Fig.
10c); (23) 3.86-4.46 X longer than wide. (24)
Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (usually)
(Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad IM
(Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 0.83-0.92 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3
1.03-1.11 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite with transverse depression, or with trans-
verse depression barely indicated. (30) Third me-
dian tergite lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.50-0.91 X body length; (32) 1.69-3.48
X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange
apically. Mesosoma black. All legs black, except
foretarsus, hind femur, and sometimes midtarsus
yellowish-orange apically. Forewing and hind wing
both black basally, clear apically. Median tergite 1
yellowish-orange to red but median tergite black in
posterior quarter. Median tergite 2 black dorsally,
yellowish-orange to red elsewhere. Median tergite
3 black, but sometimes anterior half yellowish-or-
ange to red. Terga 4 to 8 and ovipositor sheath
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres mostly black, but yellowish-
orange apically. (37) Head black. Mesosoma. (38)
Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black; (40) me-
sonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black; (44) me-
tanotum black; (45) propodeum black; (46) meta-
pleuron black; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange apically, black basally; (53)
midcoxa black; (54) midtrochanter black; (55) mid-
trochantellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57) mid-
tibia black; (58) midtarsus black, or black basally,
yellowish-orange apically; (59) hind coxa black;
(60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur black, or yellowish-orange;
(63) hind tibia black; (64) hind tarsus black; (65)
forewing black basally, clear apically; (66) hind
wing pattern black basally, clear apically. Metaso-
ma. (67) Median tergite 1 yellowish-orange to red
but median tergite black in posterior quarter; (68)
tergum 2 black dorsally, yellowish-orange to red
laterally; (69) tergum 3 black, or mostly black but
anterior half yellowish-orange to red; (70-74) terga
4 to 8 black. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica, Trinidad, Vene-
zuela, and Sao Paulo, Brazil. Collected throughout
the year at La Selva except for January, April, and
December (Fig. 23), mostly in secondary forest.
Alabagrus stigma (Brulle)
Figs. 5b, 10a, 12b, 15b, 17c
Agathis stigma Brulle, 1846:501. Holotype 9, Bra-
zil (MNHN).
Microdus stigmaterus Cresson, 1865:65. Holotype
9, Cuba (ANSP).
Microdus diatraeae Turner, 1918:82. Holotype 9,
Guyana (BMNH).
Alabagrus citreistigma Enderlein, 1920:203. Holo-
type 9, Brazil (ZMPA).
Microdus crossi Brethes, 1927:163. Holotype 9,
Argentina (?).
Microdus sacchari Myers, 1931:274. Holotype 9,
Guyana (BMNH).
Alabagrus stigma Sharkey, 1988:401-402, figs. 3a,
3g, 6b, 8b, 9c, 12a, 20f.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing black with stigma yel-
low. First median tergite with well-defined median
longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 19c), or with antero-
lateral converging carinae (cf. Fig. 19e). Gena
rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). Ovipositor
5. 0-6. 8 X length of hind femur. Hind femur rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c); or punctate ventrally (cf.
Fig. 10a). Antenna with 39 to 40 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 6.8-11.6 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 39 to 40 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b). (4)
Malar space 0.7-0. 8 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply impressed (cf. Fig. lid); (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 11c). (8, 9) Scutellar
sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with one or
more strong (cf. Fig. 11b) to weak (cf. Fig. lid)
median ridges. (10) Apex of scutellum mostly
smooth with or without several weak punctures (cf.
Fig. 12a), or with transverse smooth (cf. Fig. 12d)
or rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a). (11) Sternaulus long,
distinct and foveolate (cf. Fig. 15b), or composed
of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a).
(12) Margin between metepisternum and metepi-
meron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a), or areolate rugose in
ventral quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with several
crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15)
Median areola of metanotum deeply excavated,
with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c).
(16) Propodeum punctate in anterior half, areolate
posteriorly (cf. Fig. 17c), or entirely areolate (cf.
Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areolae of propodeum weak
anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17a); (18) anterior transverse ca-
rina of propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17a). (20) Mid-
tibia with 1 to 4 spines; (21) hind tibia with 6 to
13 spines. (22) Hind femur rugose (cf. Fig. 10c) to
punctate (cf. Fig. 10a) ventrally; (23) 3. 0-3. 5 X
longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-
a intersect (usually) (Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a inter-
sects Cu distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig.
19c), or with anterolateral converging carinae (cf.
Fig. 19e); (26) 0.9-1. 5 X longer than wide. (28)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 1.2-1. 4 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with transverse
Contributions in Science, Number 497
depression deeply to barely indicated. (30) Third
median tergite with transverse depression lacking to
barely present. (31) Ovipositor 1.1-1. 5 X body
length; (32) 5.0-6. 8 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange
basally. Mesosoma yellowish-orange except some-
times propodeum, propleuron, and ventral part of
mesopleuron black. Foreleg and midleg black ex-
cept both coxae, foretibia, and foretarsus can be
yellowish-orange. Hind leg mostly yellowish-or-
ange except apical part of tibia and tarsus black,
and trochanters and remainder of tibia can be
black. Forewing black with stigma and sometimes
base yellow. Hind wing entirely black. Metasoma
yellowish-orange with ovipositor sheath black.
Head. (34) Antenna black; (35) flagellum some-
times paler than scape. (36) Maxillary and labial
palpomeres mostly yellowish-orange but black ba-
sally, or entirely yellowish-orange. (37) Head black.
Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-orange, or
black ventrally, yellowish-orange dorsally; (39)
propleuron black, or yellowish-orange; (40) meson-
otum yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellow-
ish-orange, or black ventrally, yellowish-orange
dorsally; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45)
propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron
yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black, or yellow-
ish-orange; (48) foretrochanter black; (49) foretro-
chantellus black; (50) forefemur black; (51) foreti-
bia black, or yellowish-orange, or mostly black but
yellowish-orange basally; (52) foretarsus black, or
yellowish-orange, or yellowish-orange apically,
black basally; (53) midcoxa black, or yellowish-or-
ange; (54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochan-
tellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia
black, or yellow in basal tenth, black apically; (58)
midtarsus black, or yellowish-black; (59) hind coxa
yellowish-orange; (60) hind trochanter black, or
yellowish-orange; (61) hind trochantellus black, or
yellowish-orange; (62) hind femur yellowish-or-
ange, or black; (63) hind tibia yellowish-orange, or
black, or mostly yellowish-orange but black api-
cally; (64) hind tarsus black, or orange in basal
tenth, black apically; (65) forewing pattern black
with stigma yellow, or black with stigma and some-
times base yellow; (66) hind wing pattern entirely
black. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-
orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Diatraea canella Hudson, Diatraea im-
personatella (Walker), Diatraea lineolata (Walker),
and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius).
DISTRIBUTION. Widespread south from Flor-
ida to Uruguay and northern Argentina. Known at
La Selva from only one specimen collected in May
(Fig. 23) in successional plots.
Alabagrus tricarinatus (Cameron)
Figs. 7e, 10b
Agathis tricarinata Cameron, 1905:385. Holotype
?, Brazil (BMHN).
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 47
Alabagrus tricarinatus Sharkey, 1988:405, figs. 3b,
18c.
DIAGNOSIS. Forewing entirely and evenly
black; or black with one clear band in apical third
quarter. Sternaulus composed of large crenulae pos-
teroventrally. Tergum 2 yellowish-orange anterior-
ly, black posteriorly. Tergum 3 black.
LENGTH. (1) 6.0-8.2 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 37 to 44 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (usually) (cf.
Fig. 9a), or rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b).
(4) Malar space 0.55-0.70 X the distance from the
eye to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to strong (cf. Fig. lid) an-
teriorly. (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking trans-
verse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a), or with transverse rugose
ridge (cf. Fig. 11a). (11) Sternaulus composed of
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 15a), or areolate rugose in ventral
quarter (cf. Fig. 15b); (14) with several crenulae
along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Median
areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with well-
defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected
by strong ridge. (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum with long,
blunt, wide ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17d); (18) an-
terior transverse carina of propodeum absent (cf.
Fig. 17d). (20) Midtibia with 0 to 4 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 1 to 7 spines. (22) Hind femur
smooth ventrally (Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 3-4. 6 X longer
than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a in-
tersect (Fig. 13a), or vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad
IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a) or
evenly convex, lacking distinct bump anteromedi-
ally (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 0. 8-1.4 X longer than wide;
(27) lacking transverse depression. (28) Median
syntergite 2 + 3 0.9-1. 3 X longer than wide. (29)
Second median tergite with transverse depression
absent to strong. (30) Third median tergite trans-
verse depression absent to strong. (31) Ovipositor
0. 8-1.1 X body length; (32) 3.20-3.42 X length of
hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres sometimes yellow-
ish-orange. Mesosoma black except propodeum
can be yellowish-orange. All legs entirely black ex-
cept posteroventral part of hind coxa yellowish-or-
ange and foretarsus, forecoxa, and hind coxa some-
times yellowish-orange. Forewing and hindwing en-
tirely black (usually) to black with one clear band
in apical third quarter. Terga 1 and 2 entirely yel-
lowish-orange to red. Terga 3 to 5 black dorsally
and yellowish-orange to red ventrally. Terga 6 to 8
48 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
and ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34) Antenna
black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpomeres yel-
lowish-orange, or black. (37) Head black. Meso-
soma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron black;
(40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron black;
(44) metanotum black; (45) propodeum black, or
yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron black; (47)
forecoxa black, or yellowish-orange; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange, or black; (53) midcoxa black;
(54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus
black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black;
(58) midtarsus black; (59) hind coxa black, or yel-
lowish-orange; (60) hind trochanter black; (61)
hind trochantellus black; (62) hind femur black;
(63) hind tibia black; (64) hind tarsus black; (65)
forewing entirely black, or black with a clear band
in apical third quarter (rarely); (66) hind wing pat-
tern entirely black. Metasoma. (67) Tergum 1 yel-
lowish-orange; (68-70) terga 2 and 3 yellowish-or-
ange in anterior half, black posteriorly; (71-74) ter-
ga 4 to 8 black; (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
HOSTS. Unknown, but a specimen was reared
from an unknown host feeding on Byttneria acu-
leata (Sterculiaceae).
DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, from northern
Costa Rica south to northern Argentina. Reared
once by Henry Hespenheide in January at La Selva
(Fig. 23).
Alabagrus tripartitus (Brulle)
Figs. 8e, 15a, 19c
Agathis tripartita Brulle, 1846:496. Holotype ?,
Guyana (MIZT).
Alabagrus tripartitus Sharkey, 1988:406, figs, la,
6d, 6e, 11b, 18a, 18b.
DIAGNOSIS. Hind femur black; or mostly black
with a yellowish-orange area distolaterally. Midti-
bia with 5 spines. Gena acute posteroventrally (cf.
Fig. 9d). First median tergite with well-defined me-
dian longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 19c). Body length
6. 5-9. 2 mm. Hind coxa yellowish-orange. Ovipos-
itor 0.67-0.80 X body length. Antenna with 39 to
44 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 6.5-9.2 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 39 to 44 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (usually) (cf.
Fig. 9b), or acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4)
Malar space 0.50-0.75 X the distance from the eye
to the maximum extent of the gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (usually) (cf.
Fig. 12a) to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not
crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal
ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to strong (cf.
Fig. lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus with one weak (cf.
Fig. lid) to strong (cf. Fig. 11b) median ridge. (10)
Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse ridge
(cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus composed of large
crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or mostly
absent, represented by small, shallow depression
(cf. Fig. 18d). (12) Margin between metepisternum
and metepimeron crenulate (usually) (cf. Fig. 16a),
or smooth (cf. Fig. 16f). (13) Metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with no crenulae along
ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of
metanotum weakly excavated, with posterior mar-
gin not elevated, or deeply excavated, with well-
defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected
by strong ridge. (16) Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig.
12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum weak an-
teriorly (cf. Fig. 17a); (18) transverse carina of pro-
podeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weakly defined (cf.
Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia with 3 to 5 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 4 to 11 spines. (22) Hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b), or punctate ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10a); (23) 3.2-4. 7 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect
(Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
well-defined median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig.
19c); (26) 1.00-1.29 X longer than wide; (27) lack-
ing transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite
2 + 3 1.10-1.23 X longer than wide. (29) Second
median tergite with weak to strong transverse de-
pression. (30) Third median tergite with transverse
depression absent to strong. (31) Ovipositor 0.67-
0.80 X body length; (32) 2. 7-3. 9 X length of hind
femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head entirely black ex-
cept maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-or-
ange. Mesosoma black except propodeum and me-
tapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and midleg en-
tirely black except foretarsus yellowish-orange.
Hind leg mostly black except coxa yellowish-or-
ange and sometimes lateral parts of femur yellow-
ish-orange. Forewing entirely black, black but clear
distally, or banded from base: clear, black, clear,
black. Hind wing entirely black. Metasoma yellow-
ish-orange except terga 7 and 8 sometimes black.
Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and la-
bial palpomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black.
Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) propleuron
black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) mesopleuron
black; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48) foretro-
chanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black; (54)
midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black;
(56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black; (58) mid-
tarsus black; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange; (60)
trochanter black; (61) trochantellus black; (62) fe-
mur black, or mostly black with a yellowish-orange
area distolaterally; (63) tibia black; (64) tarsus
black; (65) forewing entirely black, or black basal-
ly, clear apically, or banded from base: clear, black,
clear, black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely black.
Metasoma. (67-72) Terga 1 to 6 yellowish-orange;
(73, 74) terga 7 and 8 black, or yellowish-orange.
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Mexico south to Peru and
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Para, Brazil. Collected in Puntarenas and Limon
provinces of Costa Rica, in January, March
through May, and November (Fig. 23).
Alabagrus varius (Enderlein)
Fig. 8b
Astitia varia Enderlein, 1920:207. Holotype 9,
Mexico (ZMPA).
Alabagrus varius Sharkey, 1988:410.
DIAGNOSIS. Midfemur black in basal half, yel-
lowish-orange apically. Body length 10.0-11.6 mm.
Midcoxa yellowish-orange basally, black apically.
Antenna with 49 to 52 flagellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 10.0-11.6 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 49 to 52 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b), or
with obtuse angle posteriorly (cf. Fig. 9c). (4) Malar
space 0.64 X the distance from the eye to the max-
imum extent of the gena. Occiput deeply excavated
medially; occipital excavation right-angled.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly impressed
(cf. Fig. 12a); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7)
Median longitudinal ridge of scutum absent to
strong (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c, lid). (8, 9) Scutellar sul-
cus mostly smooth, lacking median ridge (cf. Fig.
12a), or with one weak median ridge (cf. Fig. lid).
(10) Apex of scutellum smooth, lacking transverse
ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11) Sternaulus composed of
large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or
completely absent (cf. Fig. 16d). (12) Margin be-
tween metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate
(cf. Fig. 16a), or smooth (cf. Fig. 16f). (13) Meta-
pleuron mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with sev-
eral crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b), or
with no crenulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f).
(15) Median areola of metanotum deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig.
17c). (16) Propodeum mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 14a).
(20) Midtibia with 0 to 4 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 5 or 6 spines. (22) Hind femur smooth ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3. 5-4.0 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad
IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 1.15-1.20 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2-1-3 1.30-1.44 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with strong trans-
verse depression, or with transverse depression
barely indicated. (30) Third median tergite lacking
transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 1.25-1.30 X
body length; (32) 5. 0-5. 9 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except propleuron, part or all of
pronotum, scutum, propodeum, and metapleuron
yellowish-orange. Foreleg yellow except middle
part of femur black. Midleg yellow except dorsal
half of coxa, basal half of femur, and sometimes
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 49
trochanter and trochantellus black. Hind leg black
except apical third of femur and basal half of tibia
yellowish-orange. Forewing banded from base: yel-
low, black, yellow, black; costal vein yellow. Hind
wing entirely yellow. Terga 1 and 2 yellowish-or-
ange, terga 3 to 6 yellowish-orange or black, terga
7 and 8 and ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34)
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum yellowish-orange, or black ventrally,
yellowish-orange dorsally; (39) propleuron yellow-
ish-orange; (40) mesonotum yellowish-orange; (43)
mesopleuron black; (44) metanotum black; (45)
propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron
yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa yellowish-orange;
(48) foretrochanter yellowish-orange; (49) foretro-
chantellus yellowish-orange; (50) forefemur black
in basal half, yellowish-orange apically; (51) fore-
tibia yellowish-orange; (52) foretarsus yellowish-
orange; (53) midcoxa yellowish-orange basally,
black apically; (54) midtrochanter black, or yellow-
ish-orange; (55) midtrochantellus black, or yellow-
ish-orange; (56) midfemur black in basal half, yel-
lowish-orange apically; (57) midtibia yellowish-or-
ange; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind
coxa black; (60) trochanter black; (61) trochantel-
lus black; (62) femur black basally and yellowish-
orange apically; (63) tibia mostly yellowish-orange
but black apically; (64) tarsus black; (65) forewing
banded from base: yellow, black, yellow, black: all
bands complete and costal vein yellow; (66) hind
wing pattern yellow. Metasoma. (67, 68) Terga 1
and 2 yellowish-orange; (69-72) terga 3 to 6 black,
or yellowish-orange; (73, 74) terga 7 and 8 black.
(75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Known from Chiapas, Mexi-
co, and Los Almendros National Park, Guanacaste,
Costa Rica. Collected once at Los Almendros in
October (Fig. 23).
Alabagrus voto Sharkey
Fig- 5g
Alabagrus voto Sharkey, 1988:411. Holotype $,
Costa Rica (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind tarsus orange in basal tenth,
black apically. Hind femur 3.7 X longer than wide.
Head yellowish-orange. Antenna with 38 to 40 fla-
gellomeres.
LENGTH. (1) 6.0-7.3 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 38 to 40 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b), or
acute posteroventrally (usually) (cf. Fig. 9d).
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum strong (cf. Fig. lid), or weak anteriorly (cf.
Fig. 11c), or absent (cf. Fig. 11a). (8) Scutellar sul-
cus mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 12a), or with median
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b), or with weak median ridge (cf.
Fig. lid); (9) with no ridges (cf. Fig. 12a), or one
ridge (cf. Fig. 11b). (10) Apex of scutellum rugose.
50 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 11c), or with trans-
verse, rugose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a), or with transverse,
smooth ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11) Sternaulus mostly
absent, represented by small, shallow depression
(cf. Fig. 18d) (usually), or composed of large cren-
ulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin be-
tween metepisternum and metepimeron crenulate
(cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly smooth (cf.
Fig. 15a); (14) with several crenulae along ventral
margin (cf. Fig. 16b), or with no crenulae along
ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Median areola of
metanotum deeply excavated, with well-defined
posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c), or bisected by
strong ridge (some males). (16) Propodeum areolate
(cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of propodeum
weak anteriorly (cf. Fig. 17a), or with sharp ridge
anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid); (18) transverse carina of
propodeum absent (cf. Fig. 17d), or weakly defined
(cf. Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia with 2 to 8 spines; (21)
hind tibia with 4 to 8 spines. (22) Hind femur
smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.7 X longer
than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and Icu-a in-
tersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b), or with weak longitudinal
median carina (cf. Fig. 19d), or with well-defined
median longitudinal carina (cf. Fig. 19c); (26) 1.1
X longer than wide; (27) lacking transverse de-
pression. (28) Median syntergite 2-F3 1.1 X longer
than wide. (29) Second median tergite lacking
transverse depression, or with strong transverse de-
pression, or with transverse depression barely in-
dicated (most often). (30) Third median tergite
lacking transverse depression. (31) Ovipositor 0.6
X body length; (32) 2.1 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head yellowish-orange
except antenna black. Mesosoma entirely yellow-
ish-orange. All legs yellowish-orange except apical
part of hind tibia and most of hind tarsus black.
Forewing banded from base: yellow, black, yellow,
black. Hind wing black with one yellow band in
apical third quarter. Metasoma entirely yellowish-
orange, except dorsally black in some males. Head.
(34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial pal-
pomeres yellowish-orange. (37) Head yellowish-or-
ange. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum yellowish-orange;
(39) propleuron yellowish-orange; (40) mesonotum
yellowish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-or-
ange; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange; (45) pro-
podeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yel-
lowish-orange; (47) forecoxa yellowish-orange;
(48) foretrochanter yellowish-orange; (49) foretro-
chantellus yellowish-orange; (50) fore femur yellow-
ish-orange; (51) foretibia yellowish-orange; (52)
foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa yellow-
ish-orange; (54) midtrochanter yellowish-orange;
(55) midtrochantellus yellowish-orange; (56) mid-
femur yellowish-orange; (57) midtibia yellowish-or-
ange; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind
coxa yellowish-orange; (60) trochanter yellowish-
orange; (61) trochantellus yellowish-orange; (62)
femur yellowish-orange; (63) tibia mostly yellow-
ish-orange but black apically; (64) tarsus orange in
basal tenth, black apically; (65) forewing banded
from base: yellow, black, yellow, black: all bands
complete and costal vein black; (66) hind wing pat-
tern yellow with one black band in apical third
quarter. Metasoma. (6 7-74) Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-
orange to red. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Guanacaste
Province of Costa Rica. Collected there from May
through August, and October (Fig. 23).
Alabagrus warrau Sharkey
Fig. 5c
Alabagrus warrau Sharkey, 1988:413. Holotype $,
Trinidad (AEIC).
DIAGNOSIS. Hind femur mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black in basal twelfth. Hind femur rugose
ventrally (cf. Fig. 10c). Malar space 0.44-0.46 X
the distance from the eye to the maximum extent
of the gena. Forewing yellow basally and black api-
cally with a sharp distinction, costal vein black; or
banded from base: yellow, black, yellow, black;
basal black band not complete posteriorly and cos-
tal vein yellow.
LENGTH. (1) 5.0-6. 1 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 34 to 38 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena right-angled posteroventrally (usually) (cf.
Fig. 9a), or rounded posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9b).
(4) Malar space 0.44-0.46 X distance from eye to
maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus weakly (cf. Fig. 12a)
to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not crenulate
(cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal ridge of scu-
tum absent to strong anteriorly (cf. Figs. 11a, 11c,
lid). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a). (10) Apex of scutellum smooth (cf. Fig. 12a),
sometimes with transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12d). (11)
Sternaulus composed of large crenulae posterov-
entrally (cf. Fig. 16a), or mostly absent, represented
by a small, shallow depression (cf. Fig. 18d). (12)
Margin between metepisternum and metepimeron
crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron mostly
smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with several crenulae
along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b), or with no cren-
ulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16f). (15) Me-
dian areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with
well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16)
Propodeum weakly areolate (cf. Fig. 14b); (17) an-
terior areola of propodeum weak anteriorly (cf. Fig.
17a), or with sharp ridge anteriorly (cf. Fig. lid);
(18) anterior transverse carina of propodeum weak-
ly defined (cf. Fig. 14f), or complete (cf. Fig. lid).
(20) Midtibia with 3 or 4 spines; (21) hind tibia
with 2 to 4 spines. (22) Hind femur rugose ven-
trally (cf. Fig. 10c); (23) 3.38-4.53 X longer than
wide. (24) Forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu distad
IM (usually) (Fig. 13b), or IM and Icu-a intersect
(Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
Contributions in Science, Number 497
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a),
or evenly convex, lacking distinct bump antero-
medially (cf. Fig. 19b); (26) 1.05-1.20 X longer
than wide; (27) lacking transverse depression. (28)
Median syntergite 2 + 3 0.89-1.08 X longer than
wide. (29) Second median tergite with transverse
depression barely indicated to absent. (30) Third
median tergite lacking transverse depression. (31)
Ovipositor 0.79-0.80 X body length; (32) 2.62-
3.03 X length of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except propleuron
sometimes black. Foreleg yellowish-orange except
femur black or black centrally, foretibia sometimes
dark yellow. Midleg black except coxa yellowish-
orange or yellowish-orange basally, midtarsus yel-
lowish-orange. Hind leg black except coxa mostly
yellowish-orange but black laterally, femur mostly
yellowish-orange but black in basal twelfth, and
tibia mostly yellow but black in apical eighth. Fore-
wing yellow basally and black apically with a sharp
distinction and costal vein black, or banded: yellow,
black, yellow, black, basal black band sometimes
not complete posteriorly. Hind wing yellow basally,
slightly black in apical quarter. Metasoma yellow-
ish-orange with ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34)
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum yellowish-orange; (39) propleuron
yellowish-orange, or mostly black, yellowish-or-
ange posteriorly; (40) mesonotum yellowish-or-
ange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange; (44) me-
tanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yel-
lowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange;
(47) forecoxa yellowish-orange; (48) foretrochanter
yellowish-orange; (49) foretrochantellus yellowish-
orange; (50) forefemur black, or yellowish-orange
in apical and basal eighths, black centrally; (51)
foretibia yellowish orange, or yellowish black; (52)
foretarsus yellowish orange; (53) midcoxa yellow-
ish-orange, or yellowish-orange basally, black api-
cally; (54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochan-
tellus black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia
black; (58) midtarsus yellowish-orange; (59) hind
coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally;
(60) hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur mostly yellowish-orange but
black in basal twelfth; (63) hind tibia mostly yellow
but black in apical eighth; (64) hind tarsus black;
(65) forewing yellow basally and black apically
with a sharp distinction, costal vein black, or band-
ed from base: yellow, black, yellow, black: basal
black band not complete posteriorly and costal vein
yellow; (66) hind wing pattern yellow basally,
slightly black in apical quarter. Metasoma. (67)
Terga 1 to 8 yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Scattered from San Luis Po-
tosi, Mexico, south through Central America to
Colombia, and east to Trinidad. Collected in April
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■51
through November at La Selva (Fig. 23), in all hab-
itat types.
Alabagrus watsoni new species
Fig. 6f
DIAGNOSIS. Hind femur mostly yellowish-or-
ange but black apically and basally with a black
area laterally. Body length 6.64-7.27 mm. Hind
coxa mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally.
Midtarsus black. Gena right-angled posteroventral-
ly (cf. Fig. 9a); or acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig.
9d). Midtibia black.
LENGTH. (1) 6.64-[7.27] mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 38 to 48 [41] flagello-
meres. (3) Gena [acute posteroventraUy] (usua[ly)
(cf. Fig. 9d), or right-angled posteroventrally. (4)
Malar space 0.37-0.55 [0.47] X distance from eye
to maximum extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus [weakly] (cf. Fig.
12a) to deeply (cf. Fig. lid) impressed; (6) not
crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Median longitudinal
ridge of scutum weak (cf. Fig. 11c) to strong (cf.
Fig. lid) anteriorly. (8, 9) Scutellar sulcus [mostly
smooth] (cf. Fig. 12a), sometimes with one weak
median ridge (cf. Fig. lid). (10) Apex of scutellum
smooth, lacking transverse ridge (cf. Fig. 12a). (11)
Sternaulus composed of large crenulae posteroven-
trally (cf. Fig. 16a). (12) Margin between metepis-
ternum and metepimeron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a).
(13) Metapleuron [areolate rugose in ventral quar-
ter] (cf. Fig. 15b), or mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a).
(15) Median areola of metanotum [deeply excavat-
ed, with well-defined posterior margin] (cf. Fig.
17c), or bisected by strong ridge. (16) Propodeum
areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior areola of pro-
podeum with weak (cf. Fig. 17a) to [sharp] ridge
(cf. Fig. lid) anteriorly; (18) anterior transverse Ca-
rina of propodeum complete [weakly defined] to
absent (cf. Figs, lid, 14f, 17d); (19) consisting of
only one smooth, straight, transverse ridge, or
[with Carina branching into two carina before
reaching edge of propodeum]. (20) Midtibia with 2
to 6 [3] spines; (21) hind tibia with 3 to [9] spines.
(22) Hind femur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b);
(23) 3.65-4.58 [4.16] X [onger than wide. (24)
Forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite [with
sma[[ longitudinai bump anterioriy] (cf. Fig. 19a),
or with well-defined median longitudinal carina
(some males) (cf. Fig. 19c); (26) 0.70-1.09 [1.00]
X [onger than wide; (27) lacking transverse de-
pression. (28) Median syntergite 2 + 3 [0.88]-1.32
X longer than wide. (29) Second median tergite
with weak to [strong] transverse depression. (30)
Third median tergite [lacking transverse depres-
sion], or with weak transverse depression. (31) Ovi-
positor 0.75-[0.93] X body length; (32) 2.57-
[3.46] X [ength of hind femur.
COLOR. (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma black except metanotum, propodeum.
52 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
and metapleuron yellowish-orange. Foreleg and
midleg entirely black except foretarsus yellowish-
orange. Hind leg mostly black except coxa mostly
yellowish-orange but black laterally, hind femur
mostly yellowish-orange but black apically and ba-
sally with a black area distolaterally. Forewing and
hind wing entirely and evenly black. Terga 1 to 4
yellowish-orange, terga 5 and 6 yellowish-orange
or black, terga 7 and 8 black. Ovipositor sheath
black. Head. (34) Antenna black. (36) Maxillary
and labial palpomeres yellowish orange. (37) Head
black. Mesosoma. (38) Pronotum black; (39) pro-
pleuron black; (40) mesonotum black; (43) meso-
pleuron black; (44) metanotum yellowish-orange;
(45) propodeum yellowish-orange; (46) metapleu-
ron yellowish-orange; (47) forecoxa black; (48)
foretrochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black;
(50) forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52)
foretarsus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black;
(54) midtrochanter black; (55) midtrochantellus
black; (56) midfemur black; (57) midtibia black;
(58) midtarsus black; (59) hind coxa mostly yellow-
ish-orange but black laterally; (60) hind trochanter
black; (61) hind trochantellus black; (62) hind fe-
mur mostly yellowish-orange but black apically
and basally with a black area distolaterally; (63)
hind tibia black; (64) hind tarsus black; (65) fore-
wing entirely black; (66) hind wing pattern entirely
black. Metasoma. (67-70) Terga 1 to 4 yellowish-
orange; (71, 72) terga 5 and 6 yellowish-orange, or
black; (73, 74) terga 7 and 8 black. (75) Ovipositor
sheath black.
HOSTS. Omiodes humeralis Guenee on Inga
vera (Fabaceae) (93-SRNP-2814).
DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL
EXAMINED. La Selva and Guanacaste Province of
Costa Rica. Collected in April through August and
November at La Selva (Fig. 23).
Holotype $ . COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°0rW, 50-150 m, Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots, l.vi.l993, (INBIOCRI) 002261453
(INBC).
Paratypes. COSTA RICA; Heredia: La Selva:
10°26'N, 84°01'W: 50-150 m: Malaise trap in suc-
cessional plots: 19, l.iv.l993, (INBIOCRI)
002275405 (INBC); 19, 15.iv.l993, 002276505
(CNCI); 19, 15.vii.l993, 002276237 (CNCI).
Malaise trap in second-growth forest, SCH: IT,
16.iv.l993, 002264032 (INBC); Id, l.vi.l993,
002292362 (CNCI); 3d, 15.vii.l993, 002261999
(BMNH), 002262003 (LACM), 002262007
(UKIC); 4d, 3.viii.l993, 002292480 (CNCI),
002292481 (UKIC), 002292483 (CNCI),
002292484 (UKIC); Id, 14.viii.l993, 002292129
(AEIC); Id, 2.V.1996, 002303253 (AEIC). Malaise
trap in horde suampo: 19, 2.iv.l998, 002283670
(INBC). Guanacaste: Guanacaste Conservation
Area: 1 9, 93-SRNP-2814 (INBC). Guanacaste: Est.
Pitilla: 700 m: 19, 19.v-3.vi.l993 (C. Moraga),
(INBIOCRI) 001342828 (INBC). Alajuela: Cano
Negro: 20 m: 2d, 22.viii.1993, 001931971
(INBC), 001931972 (UKIC).
Alabagrus yaruro Sharkey
Fig. 5d
Alabagrus yaruro Sharkey, 1988:416. Holotype 9,
Venezuela (USNM).
DIAGNOSIS. Midtibia yellowish-orange in basal
twentieth, otherwise black. Body length 7. 8-8. 6
mm. Hind tibia mostly yellowish-orange but black
in basal eighth. Forewing yellow basally and black
apically with a sharp distinction.
LENGTH. (1) 7.8-8.6 mm.
HEAD. (2) Antenna with 43 to 47 flagellomeres.
(3) Gena acute posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 9d). (4)
Malar space 0.71 X distance from eye to maximum
extent of gena.
MESOSOMA. (5) Notaulus deeply impressed (cf.
Fig. lid); (6) not crenulate (cf. Fig. lid). (7) Me-
dian longitudinal ridge of scutum strong (cf. Fig.
lid). (8) Scutellar sulcus mostly smooth (cf. Fig.
12a). (10) Apex of scutellum with transverse, ru-
gose ridge (cf. Fig. 11a). (11) Sternaulus composed
of large crenulae posteroventrally (cf. Fig. 16a).
(12) Margin between metepisternum and metepi-
meron crenulate (cf. Fig. 16a). (13) Metapleuron
mostly smooth (cf. Fig. 15a); (14) with several cren-
ulae along ventral margin (cf. Fig. 16b). (15) Me-
dian areola of metanotum deeply excavated, with
well-defined posterior margin (cf. Fig. 17c). (16)
Propodeum areolate (cf. Fig. 12a); (17) anterior
areola of propodeum large and five-sided (cf. Fig.
14d); (18) anterior transverse carina of propodeum
weakly defined (cf. Fig. 14f). (20) Midtibia with 3
spines; (21) hind tibia with 4 spines. (22) Hind fe-
mur smooth ventrally (cf. Fig. 10b); (23) 3.86-4.27
X longer than wide. (24) Forewing veins IM and
Icu-a intersect (Fig. 13a), or Icu-a intersects Cu
distad IM (Fig. 13b).
METASOMA. (25) First median tergite with
small longitudinal bump anteriorly (cf. Fig. 19a);
(26) 1.00-1.01 X longer than wide; (27) lacking
transverse depression. (28) Median syntergite 2-1-3
1.14-1.30 X longer than wide. (29) Second median
tergite with transverse depression barely indicated.
(30) Third median tergite lacking transverse de-
pression. (31) Ovipositor 0.73-0.86 X body length;
(32) 2.71-3.17 X length of hind femur.
COLOR: (33) Summary. Head black except
maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish-orange.
Mesosoma yellowish-orange except pronotum
sometimes black ventrally, propleuron sometimes
black or dark yellowish-orange, and mesopleuron
sometimes black ventrally. Foreleg and midleg
black except forecoxa sometimes yellowish-orange,
midcoxa and midtibia sometimes yellowish-orange
basally, and both tarsi yellowish-orange. Hind leg
black except coxa yellowish-orange and sometimes
black laterally, femur yellowish-orange, and tibia
yellowish-orange in apical seven eighths. Forewing
yellow basally, black apically with a sharp distinc-
tion and costal vein black. Hind wing yellow ba-
sally, black in apical twelfth. Metasoma yellowish-
orange with ovipositor sheath black. Head. (34)
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Antenna black. (36) Maxillary and labial palpom-
eres yellowish-orange. (37) Head black. Mesosoma.
(38) Pronotum yellowish-orange, or black ventrally,
yellowish-orange dorsally; (39) propleuron black,
or dark yellowish-orange; (40) mesonotum yellow-
ish-orange; (43) mesopleuron yellowish-orange, or
black ventrally, yellowish-orange dorsally; (44) me-
tanotum yellowish-orange; (45) propodeum yel-
lowish-orange; (46) metapleuron yellowish-orange;
(47) forecoxa black, or yellowish-orange; (48) fore-
trochanter black; (49) foretrochantellus black; (50)
forefemur black; (51) foretibia black; (52) foretar-
sus yellowish-orange; (53) midcoxa black, or yel-
lowish-orange basally, black apically; (54) midtro-
chanter black; (55) midtrochantellus black; (56)
midfemur black; (57) midtibia yellowish-orange in
basal twentieth, otherwise black; (58) midtarsus
yellowish-orange; (59) hind coxa yellowish-orange,
or mostly yellowish-orange but black laterally; (60)
hind trochanter black; (61) hind trochantellus
black; (62) hind femur yellowish-orange; (63) hind
tibia mostly orange but black in basal eighth; (64)
hind tarsus black; (65) forewing yellow basally and
black apically with a sharp distinction, costal vein
black; (66) hind wing pattern yellow basally, black
in apical twelfth. Metasoma. (67-74) Terga 1 to 8
yellowish-orange. (75) Ovipositor sheath black.
DISTRIBUTION. Las Quiguas, Venezuela, and
La Selva, Costa Rica. Collected in August, Septem-
ber, and November at La Selva (Fig. 23), in all hab-
itats except successional plots.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the following people and institutions: Jack Lon-
gino and the ALAS staff at La Selva, Danilo Brenes, Ron-
ald Vargas, Maylin Paniagua, and Nelci Oconitrillo, for
their time and expertise in collecting, mounting, and sort-
ing specimens to morphospecies. We also thank Martha
Potts who assisted in the measurement of continuous char-
acters; John Pickering and Ryan Bartlett at the University
of Georgia for laboratory space and help sorting speci-
mens, respectively; Darlene Judd and Andy Brower at
Oregon State University for laboratory space and the use
of laboratory equipment; Dan Janzen and Winnie Hall-
wachs at the University of Pennsylvania for supplying
reared material and host records; Jane Phillips in the Clas-
sics Department at the University of Kentucky for help
with Greek names; Anuj Patel for help with DELTA; Hen-
ry Hespenheide for supplying reared material; Robert Col-
well for help with species estimates; Alma Solis for help
with author names of Crambidae; Thomas Henry for help
identifying some reduviid mimics; David Wahl for help
identifying additional mimics as well as comments on a
draft; and Robert Wharton and three anonymous review-
ers for also providing comments. Kentucky Agricultural
Experiment Station Project 99-08-95 and NSE grants
DEB-9706976 and 9972024 to Mike Sharkey supported
this research. A Mellon Foundation grant to John Pick-
ering and Mike Sharkey supported some of the collecting
in Costa Rica.
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Received 17 September 1999; accepted 10 September 2002.
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 55
Plate I Lateral photograph of Alabagrus kagaba
56 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Average Monthly Rainfall at La Selva
J FMAMJ J ASOND
Month
Species Richness of La Selva
25 I
Month
Total Number of Specimens Collected at La Selva
140 I
Figure 1 a, The total number of specimens of Alabagrus collected in each month by the ALAS project, b, The total
number of species of Alabagrus collected in each month by the ALAS project, c, The average monthly rainfall in mm at
La Selva from 1963 to 1991 (Sanford et al., 1994)
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragiis ■ 57
250
^§200
+->
O
3150
1 100
^ 50
0
Number of Specimens Collected in Costa Rica
a
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
Species Richness of Costa Rica
30 I
JFMAMJ JASOND
® Month
Figure 2 a, The total number of specimens of Alabagrus known to have been collected in each month in Costa Rica, b,
The total number of species of Alabagrus known to have been collected in each month in Costa Rica
58 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 3 Lateral photographs of species of Alabagrus. a, juchuy (8.4X magnification); b, miqa (7.0X); c, nicoya (4.7X);
d, paruyana (4.5x); e, cuna (4.5x); f, imitatus (4.7X); g, nahuatl (4.8 X)
Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 59
Figure 4 Lateral photographs of species of Alabagrus and a mimic, a, janzeni (5.0X); b, latreillei (3.6X); c, pachamama
(4.7X); d, Hiranetis nr. braconiformis (Burmeister) (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) (5.7X); e, mojos (7.1 X); f, semialbus
(4.9X)
60 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 5 Lateral photographs of species of Alabagrus. a, pecki (4.5 X); b, stigma (4.2 X); c, warrau (5.6x); d, yaruro
(7. Ox); e, cara (6.6X); f, combos (4.8X); g, voto (5.0 X)
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 61
Figure 6 Lateral photographs of species of Alabagrus. a, derailersi {5.7X)-, b, arawak (7.9X); c, masneri {9.2X); d,
maculipes (7.3 X); e, parvifaciatus (4.0 X); f, watsoni (4.7X)
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 7 Lateral photographs of species oi Alabagrus. a, cocto (5.4X); b, albispina (6. Ox); c, sarapiqui (5.8X); d, roibasi
(4.8 X); e, tricarinatus (4.5 X); f, englishi (4.2x)
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 63
Figure 8 Lateral photographs of species of Alabagrus. a, latisoma (5.0X); b, varius (3.0x); c, donnai (5.8 X); d, arua
(5. Ox); e, tripartitus (3.1 X); f, nigritulus (4.4X); g, maya (3.4X)
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 9 Lateral heads of species of Alabagrus. a, latreillei; b, texanus; c, juchuy; d, araivak. Arrows point to the gena
of each species
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 65
Figure 10 Hind femurs of species of Alabagrus. a, stigma; b, tricarinatus; c, texanus
66 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 11 Dorsal mesosoma of species of Alabagrus. a, latisoma: MLC = median longitudinal carina, ATC = anterior
transverse carina, AMA = anterior median areola, LLC = lateral longitudinal carina, PMA = posterior median areola,
PTC = posterior transverse carina; b, imitatus-, c, masneri; d, nigritulus
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 67
Figure 12 Dorsal mesosoma of species of Alabagrus. a, iichuk; b, stigma-, c, versicolor-, d, arawak
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
icu-a
Figure 13 Wings of Digonogastra sp. a, forewing veins IM and Icu-a intersect; b, forewing vein Icu-a intersects Cu
distad IM
ii;u-ei
1M
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragiis ■ 69
Figure 14 Propodeum of species of Alabagrus. a, kiska; b, wachupa; c, pachamama; d, triangitlifer; e, uchuk; f, sanctits
70 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 15 Lateral mesosoma of species of Alabagrus. a, tripartitus; b, stigma-, c, iichuk
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 71
Figure 16 Lateral mesosoma of species of Alabagms. a, albispina; b, imitatus-, c, texanus; d, paruifaciatus; e, masneri; f,
haenschi
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Figure 17 Dorsal mesosoma of species of Alabagrus. a, versicolor, b, elatoscutunr, c, stigma-, d, araivak
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 73
Figure 18 Species of Alabagrus. a, varipes, lateral mesosoma; b, paruyana, dorsal metanotum; c, nigritulus, lateral
mesosoma; d, kiska, lateral mesosoma; e, versicolor, lateral mesosoma; f, elatoscutum, lateral mesosoma
74 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
Figure 19 Dorsal metasoma of species of Alahagnis. a, arawak; b, nigritulus; c, tripartitus\ d, arawak; e, parvifaciatus
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 75
A. arawak
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. arua
Month
A. cocto
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. car a
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. combos
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
J FMAMJ JA SOND
Month
A. cuna A. derailersi
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASOND
Month Month
A. donnai A. englishi
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Month Month
Figure 20 Temporal distribution of species of Alabagrus at La Selva. Solid black bars represent specimens collected at
La Selva. Gray bars represent specimens collected in Costa Rica, outside of La Selva. White bars represent specimen data
from Sharkey (1988)
Number collected Number collected Number collected Number collected Number collected
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
A. imitatus
A. janzeni
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. juchuy
A. k a gab a
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. latisoma
JFM AMJ JASOND
Month
A. latreillei
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. maculipes
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. masneri
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. may a
•
-J
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. miqa
JFMAMJ J ASOND
Month
1 1 — I r — I 1 — I 1 1 r
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
Figure 21 Temporal distribution of species of Alabagrus at La Selva. Solid black bars represent specimens collected at
La Selva. Gray bars represent specimens collected in Costa Rica, outside of La Selva. White bars represent specimen data
from Sharkey (1988)
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Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus ■ 77
A. mojos
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. nicoya
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. nahuatl
Month
A. parity ana
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. parvifasciatus
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. pecki
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASOND
Month Month
Figure 22 Temporal distribution of species of Alabagrus at La Selva. Solid black bars represent specimens collected at
La Selva. Gray bars represent specimens collected in Costa Rica, outside of La Selva. White bars represent specimen data
from Sharkey (1988)
78 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 497
Leathers and Sharkey: A Review of Alabragus
A. semialbus
A. stigma
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
A. tricarinatus
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. varius
1“
— r~i — I — I — I — \ — I — I — — — I —
J FMAMJ JASOND
Month
A. warrau
J FMAMJ JA SOND
Month
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
A. tripartitus
Month
A. voto
"O
(U
5-
o
<u
4-
"o
o
3-
(U
XI
2-
s
=5
1 -
0-
2:
— I — I — r
J FMAMJ JA SOND
Month
A. watsoni
A. yaruro
JFMAMJ JASOND
Month
Figure 23 Temporal distribution of species of Alabagrus at La Selva. Solid black bars represent specimens collected at
La Selva Gray bars represent specimens collected in Costa Rica, outside of La Selva. White bars represent specimen data
from Sharkey (1988)
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