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ECONOMIC INSECT 
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Issued by 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele- 
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing 
list for this report should be sent to: 


Service Operations Division 
‘Office of Plant and Operations 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington, D. C. 20250 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Survey and Detection Operations 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Federal Center Building 
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781 


Volume 15 April 9, 1965 Number 15 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


HIGHLIGHTS: 


BROWN WHEAT MITE becoming damaging in southwestern Oklahoma, and live SOUTHWESTERN | 


CORN BORER larvae found in 80 percent of dry cornstalks in Harmon County of same 
area. Light numbers of full-grown ARMYWORM larvae found on rye cover crop in 
Maryland, and three adults of FALL ARMYWORM taken at Charleston, South Carolina, 
unusually early for area. (p. 299). ALFALFA WEEVIL feeding damage apparent on 
100 percent of alfalfa plants in northeast Georgia, and adults very active in 


western and central Nevada. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae damaging alfalfa and 


clover in Maryland. Larvae of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) heavy on alfalfa 
in San Luis Obispo County, California. PEA APHID increasing in several areas of 
Oklahoma and required controls on this crop in New Mexico. (pie 300) 


GREEN PEACH APHID population expected to be high in fruit area of Colorado. 
APPLE APHID noted on apple buds in Delaware. PLUM CURCULIO adults jarred from 
peach trees in Fort Valley, Georgia. Heavy leaf damage by EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH 
larvae appearing on unsprayed fruit in Willamette Valley of Oregon. (Go) GKOIL)) 4 C 
Increasing POTATO PSYLLID nymphal populations becoming hazard to potatoes in 
Arizona. (p. 302). RASPBERRY CROWN BORER caused extensive damage to untreated 
blackberry plantings in Oregon. (p. 303). 

PINK BOLLWORM larvae and pupae taken on farm in Maricopa County, Arizona; three 
moths emerged from bolls 4 inches deep on Cotton Research Center. (p. 304). 
CORRECTIONS 


See pages 309, 310, 


DETECTION 

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes emarginatae) reported for the first time from Ohio. 
(p. 301). AN ANT (Paratechina melanderi) reported for first time in Butte County, 
California. (p. 309). 

SPECIAL REPORTS 

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 307). 

Report of Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash Examinations 
During the Spring - 1965. (pp. 312-314). Reports indicate rather high counts 


in areas surveyed. Survival rate averages 100 percent in 4 central counties 
-in Texas. 


Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods 
Attacking Corn (grain and silage) in Arizona in 1964. (p. 315). 


Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964 


Insects Affecting Man and Animals, @e 36). 
Household and Structural Insects. (p. 326). 


Reports in this issue are for week ending April 2, unless otherwise indicated. 


- 298 - 
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
APRIL 1965 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for April calls for temperatures to average 
above seasonal normals east of the Continental Divide except for near to below 
normal in the Northern and Central Plains and the Upper Mississippi Valley. 
West of the Divide below normal averages are anticipated. Precipitation is 
expected to exceed normal west of the Divide except for near normal amounts in 
the Southern Plateau Region. East of the Divide above normal amounts are called 
for from the Northern Plains eastward over the Upper and Middle Mississippi 
Valley to the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley. Subnormal amounts are 
anticipated over the Middle and North Atlantic Coastal Region as well as over 
the Southern Plains, Near normal amounts are expected in unspecified areas, 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. 


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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 5 


Following several weeks of abnormal cold, a major warming trend occurred from 
the Pacific Ocean to the Appalachians. Heavy thundershowers occurred in the 
lower Mississippi River Valley and some heavy rains in southern California, 


TEMPERATURE: Temperatures over the Rocky Mountains and the northern and central 
Great Plains averaged from 20° to 30° warmer than the previous week. A few 
stations in Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota averaged more than 30° warmer. 
Increases in average temperature in Texas ranged from 7° at Galveston to 19° at 
Wichita Falls. Slight increases occurred along the Ohio River. Minnesota 
averaged about 20° warmer. Temperatures south and west of a line from northern 
Montana to Jacksonville, Florida, averaged above normal; below normal tempera- 
tures prevailed elsewhere, 


PRECIPITATION: A wide area from Montana and North Dakota to the middle Rio 
Grande Valley received no precipitation beyond light sprinkles or snow flurries. 
Scattered areas in the South and Southeast received substantial rains from 


thundershowers. One such area extended from Springfield, Missouri, to Nashville, 
Tennessee, and another from Shreveport, Louisiana, to Jackson, Mississippi. Some 


parts of Texas, such as at San Antonio and Waco, received more than 2 inches of 
rain. The eastern half of the Nation received precipitation early in the week 
while the northern and central Plains and the Southwest and Southeast received 
precipitation later on, Rains occurred over most of California on Wednesday, 
Thursday, and Friday, and continued in the south portions Saturday and Sunday. 
Parts of southern California received more than 2 inches and a few desert 
locations in one week received the equivalent normal amounts for a 7-month 
period. Heavy snow fell in some western mountains near the end of the week, and 
Flagstaff, Arizona, accumulated snow to 13 inches. (Weather supplied by U.S. 
Weather Bureau). 


= 299 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations moderate to heavy 
in many areas in southwest section. Brown spots appearing in some fields in 


| Jackson and Tillman Counties; limited spraying underway in several areas. [In- 


festations also present in Beckham and Jefferson Counties, but number still 
light to moderate. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Scattered, light to heavy 
infestations noted in alfalfa in Dona Ana and Lea Counties. Also a problem in 


/ small grain fields near Lovington, Lea County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). 


| WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Present on wheat in many areas 
_pbut numbers light. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Present but spotty in southwest; 
most counts ranged 5-35 per linear foot. Heaviest count was 300 per linear 
foot in southeastern corner of Cotton County (southwest). Present in most fields 


' checked in Tulsa, Mayes, Rogers, Craig and Nowata Counties (northeast), but 


counts did not exceed 30 per linear foot. Ranged 6-32 per linear foot in 


| Wagoner and Muskogee Counties (east central). Other counts per linear foot by 


county, were: Kingfisher 1-3; Beckham and Custer 0; Alfalfa 0; Grant 0; Pawnee 
0.5; Jefferson and Bryan 5. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative 
in south, east and northeast areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Increasing on small grains in 
Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, but still light to moderate. (Ariz. Coop. 


' Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Numbers light in wheat in scattered areas of central, south 


central and west central sections. Damaging barley in local areas of Cotton 
County (southwest). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Present on small grains 
in most areas checked in southwest, central, east central and northeast; some 
counts in southwest area as high as 250 per linear foot. Counts in other areas 


wary 0-80 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley 

locally in Norco, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Light (up to 
30 per linear foot) in wheat checked in Jackson, Cotton, Kingfisher, Beckham 

and Jefferson Counties. Widespread, but light, in wheat in northeast and east 
central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) — OKLAHOMA - Dry cornstalks 
checked in Harmon County (southwest) 80 percent infested with live larvae. Field 
in Tulsa County (northeast) 20 percent infested. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers noted in 
wheat in Kingfisher and Mayes Counties. Also noted on alfalfa in Wagoner 
County. - (Oklia. Coop. Sur.). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND -— Light numbers of full-grown larvae 


found on rye cover crop near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collection of 3 adults 
in light trap at Charleston, Charleston County, week ending March 28, unusually 
early for this area. (Nettles et al.). 


DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Building up rapidly in lawns 
throughout Maricopa County. Migration into homes underway, causing problems in 
Many homeowners. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 


CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) - IDAHO - Infestation spotted in lawn at 
Middleton, Canyon County, March 11. (Hall). 


= 300 = 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Feeding damage apparent on 100 percent | 
of alfalfa plants in northeast; as many as 6 larvae per terminal noted. Fields | 
show characteristic frosted appearance. (Johnson). Larvae numerous on alfalfa 
in Spalding County. (Tippins). MARYLAND - Small larvae continue active on 
alfalfa in Snow Hill area of Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - 
Eggs found in 25-34 percent of samples of old stems of alfalfa collected March 17 
in Lawrence County. Young larvae present in small numbers. (Niemczyk). 

ILLINOIS - No adults or larvae found in survey of alfalfa in southeast and south- 
west districts. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 0-30 per 10 sweeps 
in alfalfa in Pemiscot County, southeast. (Jones). WYOMING - No adult activity 
noted in alfalfa in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties as of March 30. Alfalfa 
plant crowns just budding in these areas. (Marks). COLORADO - Adults extremely 
difficult to find in alfalfa in Arkansas Valley. None taken to April 1 in fields 
with high populations in past seasons. (Schweissing). NEVADA - Adults very 
active and mating in most western and central counties on warmer days. (Coop. 
Rpt.). 


CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae present in all alfalfa 
checked in Tulsa, Wagoner and Payne Counties; ranged 1-18 per square foot. 
Averaged 2 per square foot in Beckham County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - 
Light larval feeding damage on alfalfa observed in Boone County, central. 
(Houser). ILLINOIS - Larvae noted in clover and alfalfa. Counts per square 
foot, by districts, as follows: Central 7-18 (average 12.5); west-southwest 0-22 
(average 8.7); southwest 0-11 (average 5.4); southeast 0-18 (average 7.0). 

Larvae averaged 16.3 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast; first to third 
instars present. Some diseased specimens noted. These counts would not indicate 
any serious damage from this pest in 1965. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Larvae 
caused light to moderate foliage injury to alfalfa and clover in all sections. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on alfalfa plantings 
in San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Larval 
counts decreased slightiy in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. New 
adult generation appearing in most areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 


PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) — ARIZONA - Populations decreasing in alfalfa in 
Yuma, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to 
moderate in majority of alfalfa checked in vicinity of Dexter, Hagerman and 
Roswell, Chaves County. Heavier infestations in this same area are requiring 
controls. Populations of A. pisum and Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa 
aphid) so heavy that stand of alfalfa is being destroyed. Populations continue 
unusually light in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - 
Counts increasing in southeast, east central, north central and northeast areas 
as alfalfa begins to grow. Numbers ranged from 8 to as high as 160 per square 
foot in most fields checked. Counts further west very low to absent. (Okla. 
Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys indicate no marked buildup in southwest and 
central areas to April 3. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS -— Ranged 20-430 (average. 
152) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast and 20-140 (average 0.6) in south- 
west. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 3-5 per 10 
sweeps in Choctaw County (southeast). Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys 
negative in southwest and central areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphs appearing in alfalfa in Maricopa and 
Pinal Counties. Light adult numbers present in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 
UTAH — Common in fields in North Logan, Cache County; mostly L. elisus. 
(Knowlton). a 


TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS — Averaged less than one adult 
per 100 sweeps in al¥alfa in southeast and southwest. Gable Ins] Rpt): 


= si0il = 


| THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Mostly light in alfalfa checked in Dona Ana, Chaves, Eddy 
_ and Lea Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES -— ARIZONA —- Spotted infestations of Tetranychus spp. occurring in 

| alfalfa in Chandler-Gilbert area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - 
| Moderate to heavy numbers of Bryobia sp. or Petrobia sp. observed on alfalfa in 
Fallon, Churchill County. (York). 


| FRUIT INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Approximately 40-45 percent of 
eggs nonviable; 30-35 percent hatched. Hatching delayed by cold weather during 
past 2 weeks with high mortality of nymphs. Outlook for high aphid population 
owing to large number of unhatched eggs. (Bulla). 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - DELAWARE - First specimens of season noted on apple 
buds in Sussex County, March 30. (MacCreary). 


PLANT BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Plant bug, largely L. elisus, common in 
orchards in North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). 


| PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) —- GEORGIA - Four adults jarred from 5 
| trees in Fort Valley area; trees now 50 percent in flower. (Holon, Mar. 25). 


APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus) - GEORGIA - Light in peach twigs in 
| Fort Valley area, Peach County. (Pollard). 


A SAP BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Feeding in fruit tree blossoms 
March 29; about 2 weeks earlier than usual. (Larson). 


EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - OREGON - Heavy leaf damage appearing 
in unsprayed fruit and ornamental trees in Willamette Valley; overwintered larvae 
noted in newly opening buds week of March 15. (Larson). 


ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pear trees in 
San Rafael, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Isolated infestations 
becoming very active on peaches in Dallas County. (McQueen). 


SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - Eggs severe on stem and bark 
of pear in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Mar. 23). 


AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes emarginatae) - OHIO - Adults collected from wildgoose 
plum (Prunus munsoniana) twigs at Mount Airy Arboretum in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
County, April 1. (Rings). This is a new State record. (ARS). 


A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Eggs not numerous in apple 
orchards examined at North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). 


OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy on walnut trees in 
Gustine, Merced County; populations vary on different cultivars. Heavy on 
almond in Los Banos, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pecans in 
Southern area. (Osborn). 


A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Xylobiops basilaris) - ALABAMA - Girdled and caused 
breaking of healthy pecan limb; pest usually damages only dying or dead limbs in 
State. (Bagby). 


- 302 - 


AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) -— CALIFORNIA - Medium on avocado trees in 
San Diego and heavy on litchi tree nursery stock in Carlsbad, San Diego County. 
(Call, Coop. Rpt.) 


A SOFT SCALE (Coccus acutissimum) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate to severe on 
leaves of litchi in nursery at Lotus, Brevard County. (Levan, Mar. 26). 


Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta 
Oleivora) infested 59 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 35 percent economic 
(™morm 35 percent). Population near normal moderate level for March. Although 
general trend is expected to be slightly downward, increase will occur in some 
groves. Highest districts south, west and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetrany-— 
chus banksi) infested 34 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 15 percent 
economic (norm 11 percent). Population slightly above low level normal for 
March, Gradual increase expected. All districts are low; however, few heavy 
infestations now present in south and central districts. CITRUS RED MITE 
(Panonychus citri) infested 32 percent of groves (norm 64 percent); 6 percent 
economic (norm 36 percent). This mite continues at record low level and little 
change is expected. Important infestations will be rare in any district. SIx- 
SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 11 percent of groves (norm 12 
percent); none economic (norm 1 percent). Gradual increase will occur, but few 
infestations are expected to be important. Little change is expected from the 
SCALE INSECT situation reported for the end of February. In February, the number 
of parasitized scales per hundred healthy scales was as follows: 40 parasitized 
individuals of PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii); 48 parasitized individuals of 
GLOVER SCALE (L. gloverii); 27 parasitized individuals of CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria 
pergandii); 14 parasitized individuals of YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina); and 
17 parasitized individuals of FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum). Popula- 
tions of WHITEFLIES will continue above average and in moderate range. An increase 
is expected in the number of adult whiteflies. APHIDS will increase through t 
April. Population expected to be below average and very few infestations will be 
important. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred). 


CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - FLORIDA —- Adults severe on dooryard plant- 
ings of Meyer lemon, calamondin, Japanese persimmon and Citrus spp. at Gainesville, — 
Alachua County. (Mead, Mar. 28). | 


SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Causing severe distortion to dooryard 
citrus at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). 


COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - ARIZONA - Infested citrus groves on Yuma Mesa, 
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) 


CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Increasing on new citrus growth 
in most areas of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orange trees 
in Davis, Yolo County. Cal. Coop. Rpt. 


GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) -— ALABAMA - First feeding signs on early 
flower buds observed. Few buds 50 percent or more destroyed. (McQueen). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) —- ARIZONA - Increasing nymphal populations 
becoming hazard to potatoes in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Some controls 
required. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA -— Treatments initiated in 
western Kern and Kings Counties; 5,347 rangeland acres treated. Populations in 
area ranged 10-40 per 10 sweeps. No significant population development noted 
further north. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 303 - 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Increasing rapidly on cantaloups in 
_ Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Heavy adult flights becoming general nuisance to 
' homeowners and business establishments in Yuma. GArAZ Coop.) SUL.) 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Continues to increase on lettuce 
| and cabbage fields in Yuma and Maricopa Counties; controls necessary in many 

| fields. (Ariz.Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate on commercial spinach 
checked in Tulsa and Wagoner Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - This species and Hyadaphis 
pseudobrassicae (turnip aphid) moderate on leaves of potatoes in Mobile County. 
(McQueen, Mar. 27). 


VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) — ALABAMA - Unusually large 
number of adults emerged; completely defoliated recently set tomato plants in 
home garden in Dale County. Recent reports from several counties indicate 
rather high infestations. (Thomason et al.). 


WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) -— OREGON - Larvae of B. sulcatus (black vine weevil) 
and B. ovatus (strawberry root weevil) heavy in Linn County mint fields but 
fumigation trials resulted in effective kills. (Morrison). 


_ GREAT BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera pruinina) - IDAHO - Larvae collected at soil 
| surface in potato field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards). 


_ A GROUND BEETLE (Bembidion sp.) - IDAHO - Collected at soil surface in potato 
_ field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards). 


FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Loganberry 
plants in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - OREGON - Damage to untreated black- 
berry plantings in Marion County extensive. Early instars now feeding at bases 
of new buds. (Larson). 


A MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus kondonis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on strawberries locally in 
Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


THRIPS -— NEW MEXICO —- Continue light in most onion fields checked in Dona Ana 
County; range 2-6 per plant. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - COLORADO -— Adult bait traps placed at several 
locations inVineland area, Pueblo County. Pearl onion cultivation requires 
close control for this pest; traps to establish adult emergence data for 
effective controls. (Schweissing, Jenkins). 


SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ARIZONA - Controls necessary on spotted 
infestations on cantaloups in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 


- TOBACCO INSECTS 


MOLE CRICKETS - GEORGIA - Scapteriscus acletus (southern mole cricket) moderate 
to heavy in transplanted tobacco in Colquitt and Lowndes Counties. (French, 
Girardeau, Mar. 31). SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species present on tobacco in 
Florence County. (Nettles et al., Mar. 30). 


WIREWORMS - GEORGIA -— Damaging several fields of tobacco in southern area. 
(Miles, Mar. 31). 


FLEA BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Florence County. (Nettles 
Bisal,, Mar. 30). 


- 304 - 


WHITE GRUBS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Berkeley County. (Nettles 
eti aly. eMairee30))). 


MIDGES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae present on tobacco in Berkeley County. (Nettles 
et al., Mar. 30). 


SNAILS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Florence, Georgetown and 
Clarendon Counties. (Nettles et al., Mar. 30). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— ARIZONA - Larvae and live pupae taken 
in screened trash and soil from farm northeast of Mesa, Maricopa County. Three 
moths emerged from bolls buried 4 inches deep on Cotton Research Center. (Ariz. 
Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA — Larvae taken on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at 4 
locations; Cape Sable, Monroe County (PPC, Mar. 24); Long Key, Monroe County 
(Creamer, Mar. 26); Madeira Bay, Dade County (Humphries, Mar. 18); and Sanibel 
Island, Lee County (Adkins, Mar. 23). 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton (Gossypium — 
hirsutum) at Cape Sable, Monroe County, March 24, (PPC). 


A WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) — ARIZONA -— Adult overwintering weevils still being 
found in field trash, bolls at ends of cotton fields and bolls lying next to 
bases of cotton plants in fields in eastern Yuma County. Some adult flight also 
observed. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Mar. 19). 


THRIPS — ALABAMA —- Quite plentiful on new growth of Johnson grass and other 
native grasses in and around cotton fields in Dallas County. (McQueen). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS aa 
BARK BEETLES -— CALIFORNIA - Phloeosinus cupressi larvae and adults heavy in 
juniper trees in Salinas, Monterey County, and on Monterey cypress in Santa Cruz, 
Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Mar. 26). Dendroctonus brevicomis (western 
pine beetle) and Ips spp. (engraver beetles) damaging ponderosa and Jeffrey pine li 
tree stands in Rattlesnake Road area, Sequoia National Forest. About 150 trees 
killed in groups up to 24 along road, Increasing damage noted, (R. D. Greenborn, F 
USFS). Ips spp. causing severe top damage to ponderosa pine trees in 10-acre ia 
area at Dawn area in Sierra National Forest resulting from thinning. (J. P. i. 
Harlan, USFS). D. brevicomis, Ips spp. and D, valens (red turpentine beetle) (a 
killing about 40 ponderosa pines in area of Old Quincy Ranger Station in Plumas | 
County; trees to be felled and treated. (USFS). Ips confusus (California five- ia 
spined ips) medium to heavy on Aleppo and Monterey pines in San Marcos, San Diego | 
County. (Cal..Coop. Rpt.). 


WEEVILS - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults, primarily Hylobius pales (pales weevil), 
caused considerable damage to several hundred acres of pine seedling in Brunswick 
and Columbus Counties. Adults, thought to be overwintering forms, began feeding 
on pines in early March. Damage occurred primarily to seedlings in mineral soils 
and not in organic soils. (H. J. Greene). 


PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - DELAWARE - Fairly numerous on small white pine 
plantings in northern Kent County. (MacCreary). MARYLAND - Adults actively 
laying eggs on white pines at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., 
Ent. Depts). 


PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - FLORIDA - Generally infesting 25 
pine trees in nursery at Davie, Broward County. (Shirah, Dowling, Mar. 23). 
OHIO - Several heavy infestations noted near Doylestown, Wayne County. (Rings). 


= 30 5— 


JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested juniper in 
Wake County. (Robertson, Mar. 12). 


A JUNIPER TWIG MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging junipers 
in Hayward, Alameda County. Active early this year and widespread. (Cal. Coop. 
ieRpt.). 


EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Hatched on 
wild cherry near Wilmington, New Hanover County, March 24, Small webs reported 
on crab apple trees in Wake County by April 2. (J. “He Green, Ro Council)’. 


A LYONETIID MOTH (Bucculatrix albertiella) - CALIFORNIA - Eggs, larvae and pupae 
medium on California live oak trees in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt.). 


BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - COLORADO - Adults numerous in flight 
along streams in foothills in Larimer County. (Vandermark).. 


A WHITEFLY (Aleuroplatus coronatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on oaks in Oroville, 


Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A PHYCITID MOTH (Acrobasis grossbecki) - FLORIDA - Larvae on leaves of Pyracantha 
sp. at Panama City, Bay County (Albritton) , and on Pyracantha sp. at Jackson- 
ville, Duval County (King, Mar. 24). 


ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy on roses in Yuma, 
Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Active on roses in 
Caldwell, Canyon County. (Bechtolt, Mar. 5). ALABAMA - Light to medium in Lee 
County; increasing somewhat slower than other aphid species. (McQueen). 


APHIDS - ARIZONA - Aphis nerii (oleander aphid) very heavy on oleanders in Yuma 
County and in Phoenix area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - 


Cinara tujafilina very abundant on arborvitae in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. 
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) populations continue 
heavy on all varieties of spirea in Lee County. (McQueen). FLORIDA - Acyrthosi- 
phon pisum (pea aphid) severe on periwinkle at Plant City, Hillsborough County. 
(Custead, Mar. 26). GEORGIA - Unspecified species heavy on weeping willow and 


| crapemyrtle in Fulton County. (Woodliff, Mar. 26). 


AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - ALABAMA - Early, light damage observed 


on several isolated azalea plants in Lee County. (Doughty, Ledbetter, Baskin. 
er al.) . 


| WHITEFLIES - FLORIDA - Adults of Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) severe on 


leaves of gardenia at Palatka, Putnam County, (Witherington, Mar. 24), and severe 
on gardenia and Viburnum odoratissimum at Gainesville, Alachua County, (Mead, 
Mar. 28). ALABAMA - Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry whitefly) nymphs caused consid- 
erable defoliation of laurelcherry in Lee County. Adults of unspecified species 
increased noticeably on gardenia and laurelcherry in same area, (McQueen) . 

UTAH - Unspecified species heavy on house plants in home at Logan, Cache County. 


(Knowlton, Mar. 30). 


_A PSYLLID (Pachypsylla celtidisgemma) - COLORADO - Adults emerging from hackberry 


at Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Thatcher). 


COCCIDS - OREGON - Saissetia oleae (black scale) attacked leaves of oleander in 


| Benton County greenhouse. (Larson). CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus lataniae (an armored 


Scale) heavy on Agave sp. nursery stock in Santa Ana, Orange County. Eriococcus 


. coccineus (a dactylopiid scale) medium on cactus nursery stock in Santa Rosa, 
' Sonoma County. Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) heavy on Heteromeles arbutifolia 


in Willows, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Cryptococcus fagi 
(beech scale) heavy on American beech near Moosic, Lackawanna County. Det. by 


=e306H= | 


G. B. Sleesman. (Jeffery). Also collected on beech in Pike, Monroe and Wayne 
Counties. (Sleesman). Lepdiosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) and Lecanium 
nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) heavy on red maples near Moosic, Lackawanna 

County. (Jeffery). NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp. (a wax scale) infested 
Chinese holly in Johnston County. (Robertson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Fiorinia theae | 


(tea scale) unusually abundant on camellia and Burford holly in Clemson area. 
(Nettles et al., Mar. 30). GEORGIA - Toumeyella sp. (a soft scale) heavy on 
dogwood tree in De Kalb County. (Tippins, Mar. 19). FLORIDA - All stages of 
Asterolecanium pustulans (a pit scale) severe on stem of Leucophyllum texanum 

in nursery at Miami, Dade County.(Herrmann, Mar. 23). This is a new host record 
for Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Pinnaspis strachani 
(an armored scale) adults scattered and moderate and Howardia biclavis (mining 
scale) severe on Leucophyllum texanum in nursery at Miami. Eucalymnatus i 
tessellatus (a soft scale) moderate on leaves of Rhapis excelsa and adults of i 
Aspidiotus palmae severe on leaves of Bromelia spp. in nursery at Miami. | 
(Herrmann, Mar. 26). Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) moderate on leaves of 
Eugenia paniculata in nursery at Davie, Broward County. (Shirah, Dowling, 
Mar. 23). Saissetia hemisphaerica (hemispherical scale) severe on leaves of 
queen sago-palm in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Mar. 23). 


NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Heavy mining observed 
on several American holly trees at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ALABAMA - Multiplying very rapidly; previously 
damaged azaleas, Llaurelcherry and some perennial flowering plants in Lee County. 
(McQueen). ARIZONA - Infestations on hollyhocks and other ornamentals abundant 

in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - T, merganser 

medium on privet in Placentia, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ~ 


GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - OREGON - Heavy and damaging nursery 
planting of dogwood and white birch in Multnomah County. (Nicolaison). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - FLORIDA - Anopheles crucians abundant near light in Gainesville 
area, Alachua County. (Esser). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes canadensis larvae present 
in puddles around Charlotte, Mecklenburg County. (Ashton). COLORADO - No 
mosquito larvae found when sampling breeding areas at Fort Collins, Larimer 
County. (Thatcher). UTAH - Mosquito larvae present in northern section of State, 
(Knowlton) , ; 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 5 per animal; 60 percent 
of untreated animals infested. Numbers appear lower than in 1963 and 1964, 
(Noetzel). OKLAHOMA - Adults of H. lineatum (common cattle grub) moderate to 
heavy on and around cattle in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH 
CAROLINA - H. bovis (northern cattle grub) ranged 0-12 in backs of 5 untreated 


cattle and zero in 7 other animals examined in Buncombe Count Det. b 
Bruce, (Jones, Mar. 22), y- on Dye WicGe 


= 307 - 


STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST 


No screw-worm cases were reported from the Southwestern Eradication Area and no 
cases were reported from any other State in the United States during the period 
March 28-April 3. The Republic of Mexico reported 45 cases from Sonora, 2 each 
from Tamaulipas and Puebla, 4 each from San Luis Potosi and Durango, one each 
from Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, and 8 from Chihuahua, Total of 166,250 sterile 
flies released in Texas and 83,990,000 in Mexico, 


Ratio of Positive Cases 


Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative 
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative 
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 


1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area, 


1963 61 243 2d 835 22,02 29.10 

1964 5 WP 230 931 Pe AUT 1,28 

1965 0 4 45 615 0,00 -65 
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and 


in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico 
Barrier Zone,* 


1964 20 180 53 247 37.73 72.87 
1965 57 572 34 367 167.64 155.85 


Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only. 


1964 16 167 20 fal 80.00 239,21 
1965 57 570 7 222 335,29 256.75 
* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being 


carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw- 
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.). 


HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Averaged 0.3 per animal on untreated 
herd in Spalding County. (Roberts). 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - COLORADO - Reported abundant across State, 
(Hantsbarger) . 


CATTLE LICE - GEORGIA - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) and 
Solenopotes capillatus averaged 4,5 per square inch on cattle in Spalding County 
and 0.4 per square inch in Putnam County, March 16 and 18. Same two species, with 
S. capillatus predominant, averaged 7.7 per square inch on untreated herds in 
Spalding County and 2.3 per square inch in Putnam County, March 30. (Roberts). 

| OKLAHOMA - Several species moderate on cattle in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. 
Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - L. vituli averaged 1 per hair part and Haematopinus 
eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) averaged 9 per hair part on untreated 
feeder steers at Dickinson, Stark County. Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) 
light to severe at several locations over State. (Noetzel). 


TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) light on dog in Tulsa 
County and Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) light on dog in Mayes County. 
(Okla, Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - All stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus 
(brown dog tick) were severe in home at Christmas time. (Noetzel). 


- 308 = 


CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - MINNESOTA - Continued troublesome in 
Minneapolis home after death of cat last fall. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., Mar. 29). 


A CHIGGER (Eutrombicula sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Adult found in Wagoner County; first 
report of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Extremely large population 
found in garage in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS 


COCKROACHES - WYOMING - Adult female of Supella supellectilium (brown-—banded 
cockroach) collected in building in Laramie, Albany County. (Lawson). MISSOURI - 
Several species reported infesting homes in Boone County. (Houser). 

ALABAMA - Heavy infestations reported in Lee County. Blattella germanica (German 
cockroach) most numerous. Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) and S, 
supellectilium of lesser importance. (Walters, Duckett, et al.). 5 


CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW JERSEY - A household pest. (Ins.-Dis. 
Newsltr., Apr. 2). DELAWARE —- Numerous home infestations reported in New Castle 
County. (MacCreary), MARYLAND - Very numerous about foundation of home in 
Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - 
Extremely numerous in home in Anderson County. (Netties et al., Mar. 23). 

UTAH - Entering homes in Provo-Spanish Fork area of Utah County and Ogden-Taylor 
area of Weber County. Active on lawns and entering homes at North Logan, Cache 
County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Very heavy in home at Caldwell, Canyon County. 
(Bechtolt). 


BANDED HICKORY BORER (Chion cinctus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults found in home in 
Mecklenburg County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Hutchcraft, Mar. 25). 


A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Euderces pini) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults found in woodwork 
of home in Sampson County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Peterson, Margan, Mar. 24), 


SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - ALABAMA - Isolated severe infesta- 
tion in ash lumber at mill in Florala, Covington County. Further infestations 
expected. (Stephenson). 


FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes spp.) - IDAHO - A nuisance in basement at Nampa, Canyon 
County. (Bechtolt, Mar. 4). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA - Found in 
residence in Douglas County in March. Rhine). 


BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Active, but not numerous, about 
homes at North _Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Nuisance in home 
in Harrisburg. (Jeffery). 


CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Entered homes in communities in northern 
part of State. Numerous at North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) WISCONSIN - 
Inquiries received and specimens reported. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Present in home in 
Erie County. (Adams). 


SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - MARYLAND - Winged forms swarming 
in Prince Georges and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - R. 
hesperus (western subterranean termite) damaging additional home at Logan, 
Cache County. (Knowlton), 


TERMITES - COLORADO - Winged forms emerging in Fort Collins, Larimer County. 
(Hantsbarger). NEW JERSEY - Swarming and causing inquiries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr., 
April 2). 


= 309 — 


ANTS - NORTH CAROLINA - Acanthomyops interjectus (larger yellow ant) swarmed in 
basement of home in Caldwell County. Mount, Mar. 26). MISSOURI - Unspecified 
species active in homes in Boone County. (Houser). OREGON - Prenolepis imparis 
winged adults emerged from ground in large numbers in western section. (Larson) . 


A CLUBIONID SPIDER (Cheiracanthium mildei) - OHIO - Recently appeared in Columbus, 
Franklin County. (Gertsch, Knull). 

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - MARYLAND - Infested seed potatoes . 
in building at Mechanicsville, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE- 


Heavy in farm storage in Sussex County. (Boys). | 


CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - NEBRASKA - Boring into sides of farm grain +i 
bin in Cedar County. Rhine). 


A SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus sp.) - INDIANA - Light in fruit cellar where onions, 
potatoes and flower bulbs stored in Chesterton, Porter County. (Matthew). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


LADY BEETLES - NEVADA - Heavy in alfalfa in Churchill and Douglas Counties. 
(York). ILLINOIS - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and H. 
parenthesis adults averaged less than 0.5 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast 
and southwest districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 


GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - COLORADO - Adults reported in flight. Attracted 
to lights in Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Simpson). 


PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS - ARKANSAS - Becoming active. Parasitized aphids found 
in few instances where aphids present. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


GIANT WATER BUG (Lethocerus americanus) - ALABAMA - Unusual heavy emergence of 
adults attracted to lights at home in Elmore County. (Morriss). GEORGIA - 
Numerous specimens submitted for determination. (Coleman). 


A PHANTOM MIDGE (Chaoborus annulatus) - FLORIDA - Collected at light in Gaines- 
ville, Alachua County. Esser). 


AN ANT (Paratrechina melanderi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on concrete pavement in 
Chico, Butte County. This is a new county record, Previously known in Imperial 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


_VESPID WASPS - UTAH - Active in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; Provo, Utah 


County; Ogden, Weber County; and in Cache County. (Knowlton). 

A SCARAB (Aphodius distinctus) - IDAHO - This and 2 other species collected at 
soil surface in potato field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards). 
CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 15(13) 243 - A CRYPTOPHAGID MOTH (Pharaxonotha zamiae) should read A 
CRYPTOPHAGID BEETLE (Pharaxonotha zamiae) 


CEIR 15(13) :244 - COCCIDS - Lines 19 and 20 - Conchaspis argraeci should read 
Conchaspis angraeci.... 


= 310n— 


CEIR 15(13):247 - LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acnathomyops interjectus) should read 
(Acanthomyops interjectus) ... 


CEIR 15(13) :266 - STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) should read 
(Acalymma vittatum) 


CEIR 15(13) :269 —- STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthomomus signatus) should read (Anthonomus 
signatus) ‘ai 


CEIR 15(14):279 - Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry weevil) should read B. ovatus 
(strawberry root weevil). 


= 317 = 


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= 312 - 


Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash 
Examinations During the Spring - 1965 


Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per 
sample) have been completed in four Southern States and in three counties of 
Alabama. Wherever possible, samples were taken from the same locations that 
were sampled in the fall of 1964. The number of live boll weevil (Anthonomus 
grandis) adults per acre of ground trash examined and the percent survival 

are reported in the following paragraphs. For details of the fall (1964) 
hibernation survey in these five States, see CEIR 15(1):10-12. 


In NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA, samples were taken during the period March 9-18 

in the same three representative areas in which fall examinations were made in 
1964. In each area, a total of 30 locations (farm sites) was sampled with 3 
samples from each location. The areas are as follows: South central South 
Carolina (Orangeburg, Dorchester and Bamberg Counties), Coastal Plain of South 
and North Carolina (Florence, Darlington and Marlboro Counties, S.C., and 
Scotland County, N.C.), and north central North Carolina (Nash, Wilson, Franklin 
and Edgecombe Counties). The average number of live weevils per acre in these 
areas was 1,855, 10,164 and 1,371, respectively. The percent survival for these 
areas was 24.2, 66.9 and 41.4, respectively. The percent survival was lowest 

in south central South Carolina and was highest in the Coastal Plain of South 
and North Carolina. In Florence County, South Carolina, an average of 14,795 
weevils per acre was found for the spring of 1965 with a winter survival of 

83.1 percent. The number of weevils surviving in Florence County is 5.7 times 
the number surviving in 1964, (Taft, Hopkins). 


Spring trash examinations were made in ALABAMA from March 1 to April 2 in 3 of 
the 4 counties surveyed in the fall of 1964. Examinations in Dallas County are 
to be completed at a later date. The number of live weevils per acre in the 

3 counties completed was 162 in Morgan County, 3,230 in Henry County and 1,080 
in Tuscaloosa County. Survival counts are considerably higher than in 1964. 
The more important observation is that an average of 162 live weevils survived 
per acre of surface trash in Morgan County, compared with zero in 1964. 


Collections were started on February 24 in MISSISSIPPI and all examinations 
were completed on March 11. Three samples were taken from each location and 
either 7 or 8 locations were sampled in each county. Four counties made up 
each area and the State was divided into four areas as follows: Area 1 - lower 
delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Humphreys Counties); Area 2 - central 
delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower and Leflore Counties); Area 3 - north 
delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman and Panola Counties); Area 4 - hill section 
(Holmes, Madison, Noxubee and Monroe Counties). Ninety samples were taken from 
a total of 30 locations in each of the four areas. The average number of 
weevils found per acre in Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 1,129, 1,640, 296 and 914, 
respectively. The State average was 995 compared with 289 in 1964, 13 in 1963, 
1,132 in 1962, 1,246 in 1961, 821 in 1960, 464 in 1959, and 392 in 1958. The 
percent survival in Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 17.80, 31.28, 8.73 and 30.91, 
respectively. The State average (percent survival) was 22.19 compared with 
9.68 in 1964, 0.2 in 1963, 13.59 in 1962, 8.59 in 1961, 16.23 in 1960, 12.22 

in 1959 and 6.65 in 1958. (Pfrimmer). 


In central TEXAS, spring collections were made March 4-11. Three samples were 
taken from each location and 6 or 7 locations were sampled in each county. The 
average number of weevils found per acre in Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan 
Counties in the spring of 1965 was 3,629, 3,360, 5,502 and 6,785, respectively, 
with an area average of 4,925. This compares with 2,285, 2,957, 5,502 and 
6,640 found in these respective counties in the fall of 1964, with an average 
of 4,406 weevils per acre for the area. The survival percent was 100. This 
compares with survival counts of 31.1, 33.7, 33.1, 25.4 and 18.8 percent in 
March of 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 and 1964, respectively. The increase in numbers 
of boll weevil entering hibernation in the fall of 1964 was due primarily to 
late stalk destruction and farm cleanup. This resulted in more weevils being 


= 313 = 


found in the fall inspections than in the previous 4 years. The indicated 
spring survival was extremely high. More weevils were found in the spring of 
1965 than in any year since trash examinations were started. More weevils were 
found in Hill, Falls and McLennan Counties in the spring of 1965 than in the 
fall of 1964. The same number of weevils was found in Limestone County this 
spring as were found last fall. (Cowan). 


BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS - SPRING 1965 


Number of Weevils 


Per Acre 

Area (County and State) 
NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA 
South Central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg and 

Dorchester Counties) 753 1,855 
Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, 

Darlington and Marlboro Counties, §.C.; Scotland 

County, N.C.) 2,742 10,164 
North Central North Carolina (Franklin, Nash, Wilson 

and Edgecombe Counties) 107 rouge 
ALABAMA (incomplete) 
Henry County 537 3,230 
Tuscaloosa County 81 1,080 
Morgan County 0) 162 
MISSISSIPPI 
Lower Delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Humphreys 

Counties (area 1)) 753 1,129 
Central Delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower and 

Leflore Counties (area 2)) 108 1,640 
North Delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman and Panola 

Counties (area 3)) 188 296 
Hill Section (Holmes, Madison, Noxubee and Monroe 

Counties (area 4)) 108 914 
TEXAS 
Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties) 97 4,925 


See map on following page. 


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= 316) = 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964 
(continued from page 296) 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


Highlights 


MOSQUITOES and other FLIES were the major causes of annoyance to man and animals 
throughout the Nation. Mosquitoes caused particular apprehension in States 
reporting encephalitis cases even though the numbers and annoyance levels were 
reduced owing to drought. Rainfall deficiency did not appreciably reduce the 
annoyance level in some areas, however. Man-created environments such as catch 
basins, lagoons and other water-holding structures provided breeding places 
where natural water was low or absent. Natural water in the form of snow pools, 
tidewater and stream flooding was a factor in controlling populations of 
mosquitoes. FACE FLY was reported in Montana and Alabama for the first time in 
1964. Difficulty with the pest was greatest in States where it has been 
established for a number of years. States along the western limit of known 
distribution (see map page 319) continued to have few or no problems with face 
fly. HORN FLY was locally heavy in nearly every State reporting this pest. 
STABLE FLY and CATTLE GRUBS caused considerable difficulty on both dairy and 
beef cattle over the Nation. Reports of high cattle grub activity in Indiana 
during the summer of 1964 indicate that grubs will again be heavy during the 
winter of 1964-65. The SCREW-WORM eradication efforts in Southwestern United 
States have been remarkably sucessful. The incidence of screw-worm infested 
cattle has been reduced 99.9 percent in the 5-State area undergoing sterile 
screw-worm drops. TICKS, primarily AMERICAN DOG TICK and BROWN DOG TICK, caused 
considerable concern throughout the Nation but there were no cases of diseases 
transmitted by these two species reported. A CANARY LUNG MITE (Sternostoma 
tracheacolum) is apparently more prevalent in California and in 1964 caused 
several losses in that State. CATTLE LICE required constant attention to keep 
populations low on cattle. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER and a BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles 
reclusa) were reported more frequently than in the past. L. reclusa was 
reported for the first time in one new parish in Louisiana and two counties 

in Illinois during 1964. 


MOSQUITOES, mainly snow pool Aedes spp., were generally heavy throughout MAINE, 
Spring flood pools in VERMONT had normal populations of Culex spp. and Aedes spp. 
but spring flood lands did not materilaize to the normal extent and floodwater 
mosquitoes were not so abundant as in wetter-years. Adult mosquitoes persisted 
at annoyance levels most of the summer in Vermont. The usual spring abundance 
of mosquitoes was noted in RHODE ISLAND. Some decline occurred during the 
summer dry period and fall activity was negligible in Rhode Island. Mosquitoes 
in CONNECTICUT were variable due to dry spells and they were less abundant than 
usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Despite the deficiency in rainfall (more-than an 1l- 
inch departure from the long-term mean) in DELAWARE, several periods of mosquito 
annoyance were evident during July and August. In Kent and Sussex Counties, 
flooding of the salt marshes by tides produced several large broods of SALT- 
MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans). In New Castle County, heavy showers were 
sufficient to cause emergence of floodwater species, especially A. vexans, and 
pools along flood plains, in ditches, catch basins and other places remained 
long enough in some areas for Culex spp. to emerge. Culex spp. became a problem 
in a number of areas in Delaware where food processing plants use lagoons or 
open fields to dispose of wash water. Outbreak numbers of salt-marsh mosquito 
were present on the lower Eastern Shore of MARYLAND during June and July but 

it was not the usual problem in late summer, Aedes spp. and Culex spp. were 
common and annoying at times during the season in several areas of Anne 

Arundel and Price Georges Counties, Maryland. Salt-marsh mosquito and Aedes 
taeniorhynchus increased rapidly along the coast of NORTH CAROLINA during the 


=— 317 — 


week of July 19. Three hundred larvae per dip were recorded in one area of 
Pamlico County; however, mosquito populations were only moderate throughout 
the season in North Carolina. 


There were 4 confirmed cases of arthropod—borne encephalitis in humans in 
FLORIDA in 1964. All 4 cases were due to eastern encephalitis virus; 2 cases 
were fatal. From January through November, 111 cases of equine encephalitis 
were reported to the Florida State Board of Health as indicated by the board's 
monthly animal morbidity report. The year 1964 showed an upswing in the 
irregular epizootic cycles of eastern encephalitis virus in horses. The last 
major peak in Florida was in 1957 when 386 cases were reported in horses. In 
the Tampa Bay area, there were 68 cases of St. Louis encephalitis in 1959; 25 in 
1961 and 222 in 1962. There have been no cases confirmed since that time. 
Serological surveys of humans in the Tampa Bay area who were not known to have 
encephalitis, form the basis for estimating that 55,000 persons have had a 
"silent" or inapparent infection with the St. Louis encephalitis virus. The 
actual percentages of the affected population ranges from 3 percent in the 
Bradenton-Sarasota area to 8-12 percent in the Clearwater-St. Petersburg area. 
Sentinel chickens used in bait traps since February 1963 failed to give any 
evidence of infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus in the ensuing period 
in the Tampa Bay area. Serological studies of chicken blood are necessary to 
detect evidence of the disease. Mosquitoes collected by all methods used by 
the Board of Health personnel in the Tampa Bay area during 1964 totaled 234,239 
specimens. Of this total, 133,724 were Culex nigripalpus; 16,135 were Aedes 
infirmatus; 8,368 were Anopheles crucians; 5,411 were Culiseta melanura and 
3,430 were Aedes atlanticus/tormentor. These named species all yielded virus 
isolations at certain times during 1964. The monthly combined totals for all 
species became greatest in July, August and September with the yearly peak 
occurring in September. 


Various mosquito species and Musca domestica (house fly) continued to be the 
major insect problem to humans in ALABAMA. Salt-marsh mosquito, and other 
mosquitoes, were constant pests during the summer months from the coastal area 
to the Tennessee Valley. Although present throughout Alabama, most real concern 
about mosquitoes developed in the coastal areas of Mobile and Baldwin Counties 
and extended generally along rivers where large bodies of water are impounded. 
The constant annoyance of mosquitoes invading homes and recreational buildings 
and outdoor areas during the summer was statewide and not necessarily just in 
main stream or impounded lake areas of Alabama. Mosquito populations were much 
lower than the outbreak numbers of 1963 in LOUISIANA. Annoying populations of 
several species developed in some areas during the year. Aedes vexans, 

A. infirmatus, Psorophora ciliata and P. ferox were especially abundant following 
Hurricane Hilda in early October. an 


Several species of mosquitoes were reported from most areas of TEXAS and OKLAHOMA. 


In the latter State, populations were extremely heavy in many areas. Dominant 
species in Payne County, Oklahoma, were Culex tarsalis, COMMON MALARIA MOSQUITO 
(Anopheles quadrimaculatus) and Psorophora confinnis. Many species were still 
active in November in Oklahoma. Mosquitoes drew more attention than normal in 
KANSAS due to concern about encephalitis. The usual SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO 

- (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) and C. tarsalis populations were present. 
Adult and larval surveys conducted at recreational lake areas in the southern 
half of MISSOURI indicated low mosquito populations. This was due to the low 
water level which restricted the number of favorable breeding sites at these 
lakes. Mosquitoes were reported in several areas of ILLINOIS by May 20. 
Populations apparently remained high throughout the season. A few cases of 
encephalitis were reported in both humans and horses in Illinois. 


In OHIO, the Toledo Area Sanitary District reported the most important 

mosquito species in decreasing order of importance were Culex pipiens, Aedes 
vexans, C. restuans, C. territans, A. triseriatus and A. stimulans. Lower than 
usual mosquito numbers were present in MICHIGAN in the spring. A generally low 


- 318 - 


water table was considered responsible. Aedes spp. and Culex spp. caused 
annoyance over Michigan during periods in the summer, Mosquitoes, primarily 
Aedes vexans, were troublesome near the end of May in WISCONSIN but they became 
less bothersome late in the summer. Some increase occurred in the fall but not 
so much as in previous years, 


Larval mosquito collections in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area of MINNESOTA in the 
first half of May included Aedes vexans plus several other early spring species 
such as Aedes cinereus, A. excrucians, A. canadensis, A. fitchii and A. abserratus, | 
Adults of Culiseta inornata and a few A. vexans occurred May 17. Heavy emergence 
from flooded rivers in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area occurred about May 24. 
FLOODWATER MOSQUITO (A. sticticus), a species that breeds in floodwater plains, 
increased in importance in early June although A. vexans continued to be predom- 
inant both in light trap and bite collections. Mansonia perturbans, a cattail 

and sedge swamp breeder, began to appear in the latter part of June and continued 
troublesome through July and into August. Flooding rains in June in the Valley 

of the Red River of the North brought on tremendous populations of mosquitoes 

and numerous inquiries from municipalities on control measures. A population | 
peak comprised mainly of A. vexans occurred July 22 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul ‘a 
area as indicated by light trap collections. Cool temperatures beginning in mid- . 
August reduced mosquito activity. Heavy rains produced a moderate brood which 
emerged over the Labor Day weekend. Control efforts of the 6-county Metropolitan 
Mosquito Control District during the season were generally quite successful in 
keeping the mosquito nuisance at a low level. The noticeable exception was the 
movement into the district of mosquitoes developing on the flood plains of the 

St. Croix, Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers. 


Mosquitoes were abundant over NORTH DAKOTA. Aedes vexans and A. dorsalis were 

the dominant species, A. nigromaculis was abundant in some western areas. 
Mosquitoes caused considerable discomfort to humans and livestock in North Dakota. 
Mosquitoes were annoying to livestock and humans in COLORADO where Aedes spp., 
Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. were involved. Mosquito populations remained | 
approximately the same in WYOMING as those found in 1963. Considerable annoyance 
was inflicted on man and other animals by the presence and feeding activity of ; 
these pests. Only moderate success was realized from control measures applied tt 
by some cities and towns in Wyoming. Mosquitoes were more abundant in the spring 
and early summer than normal in UTAH; they were numerous in many areas of NEVADA 
also, but populations were below the 1963 level which was the heaviest in 5 years, 


Catches of greater than 15 Culex tarsalis adults per night were noted in 2 
mosquito abatement areas in Tehama and Glenn Counties of CALIFORNIA, Adult 
occurrences of all mosquito species were noted to be greater than L5 per night 
in Tehama, Glenn and Colusa Counties. Aedes nigromaculis developed enormous | 
numbers in flooded pastures in Grant County, WASHINGTON, by late June. For the 
second consecutive year, mosquitoes continued to bite until early August in i) 
ALASKA instead of diminishing in mid-June as they have for years in the south 9 
central area. oa 


FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) was found in MONTANA for the first time in 1964, 
Face fly was expected to cause much annoyance to livestock in WYOMING after 
having come into the State in 1961 but it has not yet become a problem. A few 
unconfirmed reports were received in 1964, but no collections of this species 
were made in Wyoming. This was an annoying pest of livestock in COLORADO. It 
was present in normal numbers in KANSAS. Some damage and problems were encoun- 
tered in NEBRASKA on cattle; however, the infestations and problems did not 
appear to be so severe as the 1961, 1962 and 1963 seasons. Early populations of 
face fly in SOUTH DAKOTA were generally quite light with a gradual increase of 
adults in midseason. During the last half of the grazing season, fly populations 
became quite high and caused discomfort to cattle in feedlots and on the range. 
Face fly numbers were down in NORTH DAKOTA from the past few years. 


yl) — 


DISTRIBUTION OF FACE FLY 


Plant Pest Control Division 


walt \ 
4 - ’ Go 
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2 io 
Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations rg - 
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ie 


Agricultural Researc h Service, USDA \ 
December 31, 1964 


Face fly activity was observed in WISCONSIN in mid-May. It was soon troublesome 
in Sauk and Grant Counties and later over most of the State. Face fly was 
particularly troublesome in Bayfield and Ashland Counties, reportedly causing 
blindness in some cattle. Reports of activity in Wisconsin were received until 
late September. The first specimens of the season in ILLINOIS were observed on 
cattle in Mercer County May 5. Populations were rather low through June and 
July, usually varying O-7 per face. The heaviest populations of the season were 
observed August 3-6 when numbers in the northern half of Illinois were 0-67 
(average 14.5) per face with many flies clustered on the backs and sides of the 
animals in the most heavily infested herds. Overwintering populations in INDIANA 
gave indications of high summer numbers during 1964 but these highs did not 
materialize and face fly numbers remained very low until early September when 
they reached highs of 30-35 per head. Face fly remainded at this level for only 
2 weeks then dwindled rapidly. High summer face fly populations occurred only 
in the eastern half of Indiana, primarily from U.S. Highway 40 northward. Up to 
25 or more adults per animal were observed May 3 on backs of dairy animals in 
Shiawassee County, MICHIGAN. The exudate caused by Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs) 
served as an attractant. Face fly was relatively low in Michigan on beef and 
‘dairy animals during the summer. 


Face fly infestations ranged 0-50 per animal with an estimated average of 20 
per animal in GEORGIA. This fly has been found in several additional counties; 
the known outer limits of counties infested in Georgia are Polk and Stephens, 
Face fly was the only new livestock pest entering ALABAMA for the first time in 
1964, It was located in several herds in Cherokee County along the Alabama- 
Georgia State line. Sufficient surveys have not been made to determine the 
entire infested area in Alabama, Face fly was reported to be a nuisance in a 
Yancey County home and a Buncombe County community about January 27 in NORTH 
CAROLINA. Populations were about the same as in 1963, which was relatively low. 
Face fly is still a problem only in the mountain counties of North Carolina, 
Face fly caused considerable irritation to livestock throughout VIRGINIA. 
Numbers were somewhat below normal on dairy and beef cattle in the central 


= S20) — 


counties of MARYLAND. It was present in PENNSYLVANIA but in fewer numbers than 
in 1961. Numbers were much lower in NEW YORK than they were in 1959 and 1961. 
The annoyance there was limited by the lack of hot, humid weather. Face fly 

was a serious nuisance to heifers in summer pastures in MASSACHUSETTS, In one 
instance, blindness resulted and in others, serious eye problems developed. High 
face fly populations were noted in all areas of VERMONT, but populations were 
generally near the normal level throughout MAINE. 


LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis) adults were "overrunning" a poultry (egg) 
house and its neighborhood in Augusta, MAINE, in mid-April. 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was abundant in barns with poor sanitation and poor 
insecticide use in NEW YORK, Wherever good insecticide use was practiced, 
numbers were low as weather was not conducive to excessive populations in New 
York. House fly was less abundant than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Populations were 
at troublesome levels in OHIO throughout the summer. House fly continues to be 
a problem in caged layer houses in NORTH CAROLINA and activity in homes was 
reported as late as early November in Wake County. House fly was a serious pest 
of swine around breeder pens. Populations in LOUISIANA were normal to lower than 
usual. House fly activity started during early April in OKLAHOMA but counts did 
not become heavy until mid-June, Numbers began to decrease in mid-October but 
activity continued until early December. In MISSOURI, this fly was annoying to 
man and other animals. It caused the usual complaints in KANSAS where it was 
present in normal numbers, Heavy populations were troublesome in farmyards and 
feedlot areas in NEBRASKA in August and September. House fly was annoying to 
livestock and humans in COLORADO. Populations were especially high in the 
southern counties of NEVADA starting in June. High numbers of adults caused 
much concern to urban and rural residents in WYOMING in 1964. Large populations 
invaded homes, barns and milking parlors in all areas of State, particularly in 
late August. In NORTH DAKOTA, populations built up to moderate to heavy in the 
southeast. 


HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) followed the usual pattern of building up to 
moderate numbers of 100-300 or more per animal on untreated herds in Lower 
MICHIGAN. Buildup occurred in the spring and persisted until autumn, Heavy 
populations occurred on beef cattle in many counties in southwestern OHIO in 
June and July. Populations were much lower in INDIANA in 1964 than during the 
preceding year. Even on untreated animals, numbers rarely reached 50 per head 
in the central area. Populations were higher in the southern part of Indiana 
during late August, reaching 250 per head for a period of one month. Horn fly 
was fairly abundant in ILLINOIS; the highest populations observed were 50-1,000 
(average 400) per animal on cattle in the southeast district June 29-July 2. 
This was the most troublesome insect on animals in MISSOURI during 1964, Counts 
from June to October ranged 200-400 or more per animal on untreated herds in 
Missouri. Horn fly was light during the dry summer in ARKANSAS but became heavy 
with the advent of August rains. The first seasonal record was February 8 in 
dairy barns in southwest. Flies were active on warm days in northwest Arkansas 
by late March, Populations in LOUISIANA were about normal although a few heavy 
populations were observed in isolated areas. 


Horn fly became active in mid-March in OKLAHOMA but remained light until early 
May. Populations increased throughout May and June reaching a peak in early 
July. Counts declined, remaining at light to moderate levels until heavy popula- 
tions again reached a peak in early September. Populations declined by early 
October but flies remained active until late November in Oklahoma, Averages 
ranged from 25 to 300 per animal throughout the season in NEBRASKA but some 
infestations were as high as 1,500 per animal. Early populations were generally 
quite light in SOUTH DAKOTA with a gradual increase in numbers in midseason, 
During the last half of the grazing season, populations became quite high and 
caused discomfort to cattle in feedlots and on the range in South Dakota. Horn 
fly was light to moderate in most areas of NORTH DAKOTA, 


= 321 = 


| Horn fly populations were larger than those found in 1963 in WYOMING, causing 
considerable annoyance to cattle in all areas. Some control was done with sprayers 
and backrubbers, but the population remained large in Wyoming. Horn fly was 
annoying to livestock in COLORADO. Infestations in UTAH were lighter than normal 
in Iron County. They were about average in NEVADA, but in some areas, infesta- 
tions were heavier than normal. Horn fly populations were about normal in 
WASHINGTON; this is one of the major pests of cattle in that State. 


| i 
| Horn fly was less annoying than usual in NEW YORK during 1964. It was again a 1} Kt 
| distinct season-long problem on dairy and beef cattle in all sections of MARYLAND. ai) | 
In VIRGINIA, this fly appeared quite heavily on herds in one section. Infesta- — i 
tions were light to heavy in GEORGIA where populations of 30 per animal in mid- ne 
)} April built up to 1,000 per animal in midsummer. There was little change on 
cattle in FLORIDA. 


; 
i) 
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) populations were normal to lower than normal in \) 
LOUISIANA. Average populations persisted in ARKANSAS until. heavy August rains ii 
when numbers increased. Stable fly became active in mid-May in OKLAHOMA but ‘ 
remained low to moderate until early July, when populations began to increase, i 
Counts were moderate to heavy through July but decreased during August. Heavier i 
' counts were again present during September and October in Oklahoma, Stable fly ‘ 
began pestering cattle early in KANSAS and continued as a pest until late in the 
season. In NEBRASKA, dry conditions held populations at constant levels with 
| very few extreme fluctuations in numbers occurring; infestations were approxi- 
mately 3-35 per animal. This fly ranged light to moderate in most areas of ||| 
NORTH DAKOTA. It was approximately normal in abundance and/or annoyance in | i 
UTAH, 


Stable fly appeared in early May in WISCONSIN and it was the most numerous fly 
species in barns from late May through the summer, Populations in most areas ‘| 
of ILLINOIS varied 0-8 per animal throughout the season, The one exception was 
in the northwest where populations reached 2-120 (average 22.9) per animal on 

cattle July 13. Higher populations were encountered in INDIANA during early 
summer in the north central area than had been reported in 1963. These popula- | 
tions dwindled until they were average or below for the remainder of the season, 
| Stable fly was more troublesome than usual to both man and cattle in several 
/ central and southern sections of MARYLAND. This fly was less annoying than 
/ normal in NEW YORK, 


A heavy infestation of COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) was observed at 1 | 
Brewer, Penobscot County, MAINE, on a small herd of American bison. Unspecified } 
CATTLE GRUBS were present throughout NEW YORK in normal numbers; little insecti- 
cide use is practiced. NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (H. bovis) ranged 1-20 per head on 
feedlot beeves in Sussex County, DELAWARE, during late March. By mid-April, most 
of the grubs of this species had dropped. Common cattle grub adults were noted 
in flight by April 17 in Delaware. Common cattle grub averaged 5.8 per animal } 
on 24 animals checked in Wake County, NORTH CAROLINA, during the latter part of Bal) 
January. Two H. bovis grubs were found on these animals on February 25 and one 
grub on March 18. A Similar group of cattle in the same location in Wake County | 
averaged 4.9 H. bovis grubs on March 8, 1963. Common cattle grub infestations 
were light to moderate in GEORGIA; however, most of the infestations were light. 

Beef and dairy cattlemen were more concerned with Hypoderma spp. and Haematobia 
irritans (horn fly) than they were with Musca autumnalis (face fly) in ALABAMA. 
Better overall control efforts appear to have reduced populations of cattle 

grubs and horn fly over the past years in Alabama. 


Increased activity during the summer of 1963 in INDIANA was reflected in higher 

counts of cattle grubs in the backs of animals during late winter. Reports of j 
high activity during the summer of 1964 indicate high grub populations will 

again occur during the winter of 1964-65. Almost all activity in Indiana was 

due to common cattle grub with scattered reports of northern cattle grub as far 
south as Dubois County. A high percentage of cattle grubs infesting native cattle 
reached maturity in MICHIGAN. These flies left host animals during late May. 


= 322 = 


The usual population levels of common cattle grub and northern cattle grub 
occurred in WASHINGTON. These ranged about 8-10 grubs per head in untreated 
herds. Common cattle grub was a problem statewide in NEW MEXICO, especially in 
untreated herds. Common cattle grub caused concern in TEXAS, and was light in 
ARKANSAS due in part to widespread control measures. Moderate to heavy infesta- 
tions of common cattle grub were present in OKLAHOMA from January through mid- 
March, Adults were active from mid-March to mid-May.:' Fall activity in Oklahoma 
was first noted in mid-November. Common cattle grub was present in normal 
numbers in KANSAS. Moderate populations of Hypoderma spp. were observed in the 
backs of cattle in the western part of NORTH DAKOTA in late March and early 
April. 


BOT FLIES chased cattle in some Wasatch County meadows in UTAH. There was little 
change in bot flies on cattle in FLORIDA but there was an increase of Cuterebra 
spp. on domestic cats. 


HORSE FLIES and DEER FLIES were of minor importance in ALASKA. Deer flies and 
horse flies were generally medium in NEVADA, but in several areas they were 
heavy. BLACK HORSE FLY (Tabanus atratus) and other horse flies and deer flies 
were approximately normal in abundance in UTAH, Horse flies (Tabanus spp.) and 
deer flies (Chrysops spp.) were bothersome in WYOMING but not so annoying as in 
1963. Largest populations were noted in Sheridan, Johnson, Lincoln and Uinta 
Counties. These flies caused much annoyance in these areas of Wyoming. Tabanus 
sp. and Chrysops sp. were annoying to livestock in COLORADO. Tabanus spp. were 
present in low numbers in KANSAS. In OKLAHOMA, both Tabanus spp. and Chrysops 
spp. were active from early May to mid-October. Counts were heavy from mid-June 
to early July, lighter during July and heavy again in southeastern Oklahoma 
during August and September. Deer flies and horse flies caused concern in TEXAS. 
Early season populations of Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. in LOUISIANA were 
average to lower than average in most areas, but late season populations of 
Tabanus spp. were unusually high in some areas of southern Louisiana with seasonal 
population peaks occurring during late August and early September. 


Horse flies were annoying to man and other animals in MISSOURI. They were very 
light throughout the season in ILLINOIS. Horse flies were more abundant than 
they had been for several years in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA; STRIPED HORSE FLY 
(Tabanus lineola) was the dominant species. Chrysops vittatus and other deer 
flies were in normal abundance in rural areas of RHODE ISLAND throughout the 
summer. C. atlanticus and Tabanus nigrovittatus were abundant on DELAWARE marshes | 
during mid-June. Chrysops spp. and Tabanus spp. again annoyed man and other 
animals in all sections of MARYLAND, especially in the tidewater areas. 


Early in 1964, self-perpetuating populations of SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia homini- i" 
vorax) were declared eradicated from the five-State screw-worm eradication area 
of TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS and LOUISIANA, Screw-worm incidence in | 
: 
| 
. 
| 


1964 was reduced 99.9 percent when compared with the million or more cases that 
occurred prior to the start of the eradication program in 1962. A total of 237 
screw-worm cases was reported in the eradication area during 1964, All cases 
occurred in Texas and New Mexico, while the areas to the north and east remained 
free of the insect. Infestations were confined to 65 counties in Texas and 8 
counties in New Mexico, 


the start of the screw-worm program; 4.6 billion were dispersed in 1964, Program 
workers continued to strengthen the sterile fly barrier zone along the inter- 
national border which provides protection against reinvasion by screw-worm from 
Mexico, Releases of screw-worm flies south of the international border were i 
extended to a distance of about 200 miles along the east coast of Mexico in an 
effort to weaken concentrated populations of screw-worm in that region, 


Nearly 12.5 billion sterile screw-worm flies have been reared and released since 
| 


A livestock inspection line along the Arizona-New Mexico State line continued 
operation during 1964, protecting the eradication area from shipments of screw- 
worm infested livestock from the regions to the west. In ARIZONA, light 


- 323 - 


infestations of screw-worm occurred in early summer and began to increase 


gradually by late summer in the infested areas in the southern part of the State. 


A BLOW FLY (Calliphora sp.) was annoying to livestock in COLORADO and BLACK BLOW 
| FLY (Phormia regina) w was more abundant and/or annoying than usual in UTAH. 
Calliphora sp. and ANTHOMYZID FLIES were the more common flies in barns and 
Manure piles in ALASKA. 


_A BLACK FLY (Simulium sp.) was numerous in the Sidney area in MAINE by May 4, 


but it was not taking blood until May 6 and 7. First appearance in central 
Aroostook County was about May 24. Populations in that part of Maine were heavy 
as usual. BLACK FLIES were exceptionally heavy in the spring in VERMONT. Black 
flies were about normal in abundance in RHODE ISLAND but in CONNECTICUT numbers 
were up over 1963. During May, Simulium sp. was annoying to humans in the 
Seabrook area of Prince Georges County, MARYLAND. Black flies were heavy and 


annoying horses in Du Page County, ILLINOIS, in late June and early July. Black 


flies were annoying to livestock in COLORADO. 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was especially abundant on untreated sheep in 


WASHINGTON, It was approximately normal in abundance and/or damage in UTAH, 


| Sheep ked was annoying to stock in COLORADO. Light populations were present in 


, small farm flocks of lambs and ewes in NEBRASKA. Several sheep shearers reported 


| 


moderate populations of keds in Morrow and Marion Counties in OHIO. Wool loss 
due to sheep ked was reported in Montgomery County, PENNSYLVANIA. 


_ EYE GNATS (Hippelates pusio and H. bishoppi) were the most abundant species in 


the sandhills and Coastal Plain of NORTH CAROLINA during late summer and early 
fall. H. collusor was a considerable nuisance to residents in ARIZONA in April 
and May, particularly in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. 


BITING MIDGES (Culicoides spp.) were more abundant and annoying in the spring in 
DELAWARE, especially in areas of eastern Kent County. C. variipennis and Cc. 
stonei were reported from jack rabbits in Presidio County, TEXAS, 


Other flies reported as a nuisance to animals included: A REINDEER WARBLE 
(Oedemagena tarandi) in ALASKA where it continues to be a constant problem in 
both reindeer and caribou on the mainland and on Nunivak Island. CATTLE WARBLES 
were not reported in Alaska in 1964. HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) 
was annoying to animals in MISSOURI. WARBLE FLIES remained unchanged as a pests 
of cattle in FLORIDA, 


AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) adults were prevalent in and about 
several wooded areas in southern sections of MARYLAND during June and July. 

This pest was very numerous during the spring in DELAWARE in areas of New 

Castle County. American dog tick is distributed statewide in RHODE ISLAND and 
was heavier in the damp areas near Narragansett Bay in 1964. TICKS, probably 
American dog tick, were reported as heavy in MAINE. The communities of Otisfield, 
Casco, Raymond, Naples, Bridgton, Baldwin and Standish in Cumberland County and 
Cornish in York County, as well as other southern Maine areas, reported that 


populations and occurrences were higher than in 1963. 


American dog tick populations on humans and wild animals were very heavy in many 
Upper Peninsula counties of MICHIGAN during the summer, In WISCONSIN, this pest 
was unusually plentiful in northern counties until mid-July. It was even found 
within city limits in someareas. It was common in Sauk and Marquette Counties, 
Wisconsin, This tick was reported numerous in MINNESOTA by May 8 in central and 
east central districts. Tick activity continued through June and even to mid- 
July in some areas. In eastern NORTH DAKOTA, American dog tick was common around 
wooded and grassy areas. Heavy populations were present on pets and around 
residences in eastern areas of NEBRASKA in May; several children were reported 
to have ticks. Infestations were fairly numerous on humans and dogs in KANSAS 
during the season. American dog tick caused considerable concern throughout 
OKLAHOMA. Populations were the highest recorded in MISSOURI in many years. 


- 324 - 


TROPICAL HORSE TICK (Dermacentor nitens) was first found in FLORIDA in Miami 

on August 10, 1961. Since then, well over 100 cases of equine piroplasmosis, a 
protozoan disease of horses transmitted by this vector, have been confirmed in 
Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Orange and Hillsborough Counties. In 1964, a decrease 
in the number of D. nitens was noted in the area south of West Palm Beach where 

a control program is in progress. Very few ticks of this species can be found 
north of the Palm Beach area, WINTER TICK (D. albipictus) was collected on a 
dairy cow in Mifflin County, PENNSYLVANIA, in November. Winter tick was reported 
on antelope in Presidio County, TEXAS, and in OKLAHOMA, infestations were light 
in January with fall activity beginning in mid-October. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD 
TICK (D. andersoni) was annoying to humans in COLORADO, and abundance was 
approximately normal in UTAH during the season. 


BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) infestations in CALIFORNIA continued 
during the year with periodic local flareups, but reports were fewer in number 
than in the previous 2 years. Infestations were heavy in Clark and Washoe 
Counties of NEVADA. Heavy infestations in ARIZONA caused considerable annoyance 
and concern to dog owners throughout the southern area. Brown dog tick caused 
considerable concern throughout OKLAHOMA on pets and in homes, and was of concern 
in TEXAS. An unusual number of infestations were reported in LOUISIANA. 


Brown dog tick infestations occurred in homes throughout MARYLAND during the 
winter. This tick was reported as numerous at times in PENNSYLVANIA in homes 
and on dogs, and infestations were higher in 1964 than during 1963 in NEW JERSEY 
homes. An increase in the number of infestations was reported in CONNECTICUT, 
There were periodic complaints in RHODE ISLAND concerning brown dog tick. 


LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) was taken from calves shipped in from out 
of the State in NORTH DAKOTA at Fargo, Cass County. TICKS, primarily lone star 
tick, were heavy as usual in ARKANSAS. Populations of lone star tick became 
active in late February in OKLAHOMA; were heavy on livestock throughout eastern 
Oklahoma through mid-September. Lone star tick and GULF COAST TICK (A. maculatum) 
caused concern in TEXAS. TICKS reached alarming porportions in and around homes 
in ALABAMA. Occasional reports of FOWL TICK (Argas persicus) were received in 
VIRGINIA. EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) was taken from calves from an out-of-State 
shipment at Fargo, NORTH DAKOTA. Ear tick was approximately normal in numbers 
and/or damage in UTAH. This tick caused concern in TEXAS during the season, 


MITES, tentatively identified as CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae), were a 
nuisance in Mechanic Falls, MAINE, where light populations attacked humans in 
early June. Chicken mite infested homes in Kingston, Washington County, RHODE 
ISLAND, in mid-July. Infestations of unspecified POULTRY MITES were greater in 
CONNECTICUT in 1964 than in 1963. Poultry mites were average in NEW YORK where 
outbreaks occurred, dependent mainly on lack of control measures. TROPICAL RAT 
MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) infestations were reported from several homes in 
southern TEXAS and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. NORTHERN FOWL MITE 

(O. sylviarum) was annoying to man and other animals in MISSOURI. Northern fowl: 
mite was present and required considerable control in poultry establishments in 
CALIFORNIA, Populations of wild birds occasionally carried infestations to homes 
and business establishments and caused considerable concern to humans. Local 
populations of tropical rat mite were not uncommon in California where rat popu- 
lations were high. Northern fowl mite is the most common pest of chickens in 
the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA. 


A CHIGGER MITE (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi) was a problem statewide in ALABAMA, 

It was present on lawns in towns, in recreation areas, campgrounds in general, 
and in nearby wooded lands adjacent to the ever-expanding housing developments. 
Unspecified CHIGGERS were a nuisance in untreated areas of KANSAS. In CALIFORNIA, 
a CANARY LUNG MITE (Sternostoma tracheacolum): caused losses in several instances 
early in the year. Apparently this rhinonyssid mite was more prevalent than in 
past years. Occurrence of an EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) has been high 
in earthworm beds of California. 


= 3740) — 


-SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) was occasionally noted on 


cattle in ALASKA, especially on young stock in barns during the winter months. 
Short-nosed cattle louse was about normal in WASHINGTON; it is one of the major 
cattle pests in that State. Haematopinus spp. were only occasionally reported in 


|) CALIFORNIA; infestations of lice on livestock were generally lower than in 1963. 

/ Populations of short-nosed cattle louse were slightly larger in 1964 than in 1963 
in WYOMING, CATTLE LICE are a serious problem to livestock even though many 

| herds throughout Wyoming are effectively treated. HOG LOUSE (H. suis) infesta- 
tions were moderate to heavy on hogs in southern and eastern OKLAHOMA in January 


and February and fall activity in Oklahoma began in mid-November. Hog louse on 
swine presented a serious winter problem in ALABAMA, A single specimen of short- 
nosed cattle louse was collected in GEORGIA. 


LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) was one of the major pests of cattle 


in WASHINGTON; about normal numbers occurred in that State. Linognathus spp. 
were occasionally reported in CALIFORNIA. Solenoptes capillatus populations in 


WYOMING were slightly larger in 1964 than they were in 1963. Long-nosed cattle 
louse was moderately abundant on range cattle in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA and 
S. capillatus was abundant on cattle in the Linton area of Emmons County. Long- 


/mosed cattle louse was collected from calves in NEW MEXICO near Crossroads, Lea 
| County. S. capillatus and long-nosed cattle louse were heavier than normal in 


ARKANSAS, especially in the northwest area. Infestations of long-nosed cattle 
louse were light to moderate in GEORGIA, most infestations being light. S. 
capillatus infestations were mostly light in Georgia; however, one herd in Putnam 
County had an average of 8.8 per square inch, 


HUMAN LICE (Pediculus spp.) and CRAB LOUSE (Phthirus pubis) incidence was 
fairly high in transient populations in concentrated areas of CALIFORNIA. 
Occasional local outbreaks of HEAD LOUSE (Pediculus humanus capitis) occurred. 
Crab louse incidence was low and confined primarily in the Sere or skid row 
districts. 


CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) was occasionally noted on young stock in 
barns in ALASKA during the winter months. About normal abundance of cattle 
biting louse was noted in WASHINGTON where this mammal chewing louse is one of 
the major cattle pests. Infestations of cattle biting louse were heavier on beef 
cattle in OHIO in 1964 than in 1963. LICE on livestock and poultry were average 
in NEW YORK with outbreaks due mainly to lack of control measures, Lice on beef 
and dairy cattle, particularly young stock, were present on many New York farms, 
but they seldom caused serious production losses as pesticides were effective. 
Young dairy stock, as usual, were the most seriously parasitized animals. CATTLE 
LICE were moderate to heavy throughout OKLAHOMA from January to early April, 
then populations began to decline. First fall activity in Oklahoma was noted in 


' mid-November. Several species of cattle lice caused concern in TEXAS. Popula- 


tions of cattle lice were about average in NEVADA but in some areas, infestations 
were above normal. 


POULTRY LICE were at low ebb due to new control measures in NEW YORK, CHICKEN 
BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) was heavy in northwest ARKANSAS. 


FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) caused the usual number of complaints in all sections 


of RHODE ISLAND in late summer and early fall. DOG FLEA (C. canis) and CAT FLEA 
(C. felis) populations remained about the same in CONNECTICUT but they were 
numerous. Cat flea was especially troublesome during the Summer months in NEW 
JERSEY in homes and lawns. Fleas were abundant in yards and in homes in GEORGIA 
in the Atlanta area during summer and fall. Cat flea and dog flea were wide- 
spread and annoying to pets throughout ALABAMA, where populations reached alarming 
proportions in basements, inside homes and on a few lawns. Fleas, presumably dog 
flea, were reported on dogs in the Anchorage area of ALASKA for the first time in 
many years. Cat flea was locally heavy in some CALIFORNIA cities; the incidences 
were probably much lower in 1964 than in 1963. Only an occasional report of 

HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) was reported in California. Human flea populations 
were heavy in a home in Hazen, Churchill County, NEVADA, in March. This consti- 
tuted a new State record, 


- 326 - 


HORNETS and WASPS were very numerous in CONNECTICUT, and wasps were more numerous 
than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Wasps and BEES were a severe problem during late 
Summer and early fall in NEW JERSEY where they were troublesome around swimming 
pools, refreshment stands, picnic areas and homes. The high incidence in these 
areas was attributed to drought which prevailed over most of New Jersey. Wasps, 
especially YELLOW JACKETS and Polistes spp., were very annoying to many suburban- 
ites in MARYLAND during late summer. GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) caused 
much concern to homeowners in the Atlanta area of GEORGIA; numerous calls were 
noted. 


BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) was reported feeding on a man in 
Douglas County, MISSOURI, on August 26, and was found in homes in several areas 
of OKLAHOMA during the season, Triatoma sp. caused considerable concern to 
residents in areas of TEXAS, 


A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) was reported in Webster Parish, LOUISIANA, 
for the first time in 1964. An unusual number of BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus 
mactans) infestations were reported in Louisiana also. L. reclusa was found in | 
numerous homes throughout OKLAHOMA and occasional bites were reported. L. reclusa 
was observed in homes and other structures in MISSOURI. Two additional county 
records were recorded in ILLINOIS when L. reclusa was found in office buildings 
or homes in Edwards and Wayne Counties. 


HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS 


Highlights: 


TERMITES were considered the most important structural pests in Indiana, Missouri, 
Arkansas, Alabama, Maryland and Connecticut. Infestations of CARPENTER ANTS 
appeared to have increased in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and structural 
damage was reported from Alaska. NOCTUID MOTHS (Litoprosopus spp.) damaged rugs 
and furniture in Florida and California. LARDER BEETLE infestations were more 
widespread in Michigan and Indiana, COCKROACHES were the most important house- 
hold and food pests in New Jersey, Alabama, Missouri, and Alaska. BOXELDER BUG, 
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL and CLOVER MITE were common nuisance pests in many States. 
FACE FLY was more numerous in houses in Connecticut and occurred in homes in 
Pennsylvania and Virginia. OLD-HOUSE BORER was recorded as a new State record 
for Missouri and EUROPEAN EARWIG was found for the first time in Alaska. Both 
were found in material shipped from other States, 


WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) and WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE 
(Reticulitermes hesperus) were extremely damaging to residences and other 
structures in CALIFORNIA in 1964. Western subterranean termite caused heavy 
damage to the foundation of a house near Friday Harbor, San Juan County, 
WASHINGTON. Reports of damage by this species were received from all areas of 
WYOMING about as often as they were in 1963. In NEVADA, a heavy infestation of 
a DESERT DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Paraneotermes simplicicornis) occurred in wood under 
a home in East Las Vegas, Clark County, and swarms of adults were numerous in 
homes in that county. Infestations of SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) 
in Nevada homes were above the 1963 level and equal to the 1962 level. A few 
homes were found to be infested by TERMITES at Cedar City and elsewhere in [Iron 
County, UTAH, during the summer, Several species of termites caused concern to 
homeowners in various sections of TEXAS, Incisitermes sp. being collected from 
homes in Matagorda County. 


= 327 — 


| In KANSAS, about 6,200 buildings were treated for termites, a slight increase 

| over previous years. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) was 
considered the most important structural pest of 1964 in MISSOURI. Although no 
unusual population fluctuations were observed in INDIANA, subterranean termites 
continue to be the most important structural pests. A similar condition was 
reported from ARKANSAS, where winged forms were observed in the northwestern 
section on March 28. 


| Eastern subterranean termite occurs statewide in ALABAMA where it is considered 
' the most important structural pest. Swarming termites were reported from all 
sections of NORTH CAROLINA from February through May, with one swarm reported 
from Orange County on August 29. Termites were reported to be very common 
throughout VIRGINIA and were the most important structural pests in MARYLAND 
during 1964, Large swarms were noted in New Castle County, DELAWARE, from mid- 
March through April and new infestations in houses were rather numerous during 
the season. Swarms were more widespread throughout NEW JERSEY than in 1963, 
Termites were the number one insect problem for homeowners in CONNECTICUT during 
1964. The first winged forms of eastern subterranean termite were reported from 
Saunderstown, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, on February 18, with reports 
common through mid-May. 


A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus cavicollis) infested wood in several residences in 

| CALIFORNIA, Infestations of unspecified POWDER-POST BEETLES were more numerous 
than normal in UTAH. These beetles were observed in homes and other structures 
in MISSOURI, These pests caused about the usual number of complaints in NEW 
HAMPSHIRE, 


BOSTRICHID BEETLES were pests in ALABAMA. In Anaheim, Orange County, CALIFORNIA 
Stephanopachys substriatus occurred locally in kitchen cabinets. LEAD-CABLE 
BORER (Scobicia declivis) occurred occasionally in wood paneling and oak pallets 
im California. ~— 


WHARF BORER (Nacerdes melanura) was a household pest in PENNSYLVANIA. ANOBIID 
BEETLES were structural pests in ALABAMA and an infestation was found in a 
building in Chepachet, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND. BARK BEETLES were about 
normal in Rhode Island during 1964, 


OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) was found in Boone County, MISSOURI, in a 


piece of furniture brought from out of State in 1959. This is a new State record. 


This species was reported occasionally in VIRGINIA and was a structural pest in 
ALABAMA , 


A HORNTAIL (Urocerus flavicornis) was very common in ALASKA, with several speci- 


mens reported to have emerged from the walls of buildings in the Matanuska Valley. 


CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) damaged buildings in Bonnet Shores Beach, 
Quonset Point, and Hope Valley in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and damage 
also occurred in VIRGINIA. Unspecified CARPENTER BEES were more numerous in 
PENNSYLVANIA, and home infestations in NEW JERSEY appeared to be somewhat above 
1963 levels. 


CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) were much more numerous than usual in ALASKA 
and were destructive to rough-finished beams in buildings and to many log 
buildings. Several species were of concern to homeowners in parts of TEXAS. 
These pests were a common problem to homeowners in NORTH CAROLINA and were 
occasionally reported in VIRGINIA. In NEW JERSEY, infestations in homes appeared 
to be somewhat higher than in 1963. Large swarming flights occurred throughout 
MASSACHUSETTS and caused more inquiries than usual. They were abundant statewide 
in RHODE ISLAND and the volume of complaints suggests some increase in house 
infestations, or at least an increased awareness on the part of householders, 


Several infestations of an unspecified brown POWDER-POST BEETLE were found in 
bamboo curtains in NEW JERSEY. Several species of CARPET BEETLES, including 
BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) and FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus 


- 328 - 


flavipes) , were collected on numerous occasions inside homes in all sections of 
MARYLAND, Carpet beetles remain one of the most destructive household pests in 
PENNSYLVANIA. No change was reported from CONNECTICUT; reports of household 
infestations were received from all parts of RHODE ISLAND. Several black carpet 
beetle infestations were reported in NORTH DAKOTA, In ALASKA, black carpet 
beetle and other species are becoming a widespread pao lent with specimens 
received almost weekly throughout 1964, fe 


In INDIANA, CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) and WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH | 
(Tineola bisselliella) continued to decline in importance. This may be due to | 
numerous factors including increased use of synthetic fabrics, improved cleaning 
and storage facilities, and more effective household insecticides. Casemaking 
clothes moth was of concern to homeowners in parts of TEXAS, and no change in 
importance was observed in CONNECTICUT. 


A NOCTUID MOTH (Litoprosopus coachella) was a problem in several areas of ti 
CALIFORNIA, The larvae invaded residences and business establishments to pupate, 
where they caused severe damage to rugs and other materials. The larvae of } 
L. futilis were a nuisance during midsummer in the Daytona Beach-De Land area | 
of Volusia County, FLORIDA, where they migrated into homes to pupate in rugs, 
draperies and stuffed furniture. 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) infested a variety of stored foods in 

homes at numerous locations in MARYLAND. Infestations were numerous in homes in 
DELAWARE, particularly in New Castle County. This pest was quite general in 
PENNSYLVANIA and was observed in homes in various areas of NORTH DAKOTA, YELLOW + 
MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) was occasionally reported in VIRGINIA. 


SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) waS common in cereals and 
packaged mixes in ALASKA. In COLORADO, most infestations were reported from | 
households. This pest was observed in homes and other structures in MISSOURI . 
and was reported numerous times in PENNSYLVANIA. Moderate to heavy infestations i 
were reported in two apartments in Augusta, Kennebec County, MAINE, in January. | 


Household infestations of LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) continued to be 7a 
reported in greater numbers than usual in MICHIGAN, especially in insulating 

materials. An unprecedented number of infestations occurred in INDIANA homes 
during spring and summer. Indications suggest that dead Musca autumnalis (face | 
fly) and Pollenia rudis (cluster fly) adults in the walls of homes may have been | 
a contributing factor, Larder beetle was also reported frequently in homes in | 
VERMONT, with one instance of adults coming through accoustical ceiling tile noted 
in 1964, Several species of DERMESTID BEETLES were of concern to homeowners in | 
parts of TEXAS. More infestations were reported in WYOMING in 1964 than in 1963, | 
Several species were found in foodstuffs and clothing in many areas, but only 
slight damage resulted in most cases. Attagenus sp. was reported in homes in 
OKLAHOMA. ree ga ae | 


CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) waS a common pantry pest in CALIFORNIA, ; 
CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) and CONFUSED FLOWER BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) 
were common pests in cereals and packaged mixes in ALASKA. Most reports of I 
confused flour beetle in COLORADO were by housewives. In RHODE ISLAND, an 
infestation of GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) was found in a home in 
Riverside and BROAD-HORNED FLOUR BEETLE (Gnathocerus cornutus) was collected in 
Providence, , Providence County. 


An average number of reports of BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) , 
ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) , GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica 
and WOOD COCKROACHES (Parcoblatta spp.) were received from all parts of RHODE 
ISLAND, In CONNECTICUT, COCKROACHES were about as abundant as in past years, 
AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta australasiae) was collected in a home in 
Centre County, PENNSYLVANIA, Cockroaches increased generally in urban and rural 
areas of NEW JERSEY. Oriental cockroach, brown-banded cockroach and American 


= B78) So 


cockroach were common, but German cockroach was the most widespread and trouble- 
some in New Jersey. In MARYLAND, numerous reports of brown-banded cockroach and 
German cockroach were received from homeowners. Oriental cockroach was reported 
from several locations in VIRGINIA. In NORTH CAROLINA, brown-banded cockroach, 
fuliginosa) were observed in homes. Cockroaches are perhaps the most important 
household insects in ALABAMA, including German cockroach, oriental cockroach, 
brown-banded cockroach, and smoky-brown cockroach, in order of importance, 


In INDIANA, German cockroach continues to be the most important cockroach in 
hotels, restaurants and other establishments where food is processed or served, 
Reports indicate that resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has 
reached a high level. In MISSOURI, American cockroach, German cockroach, oriental 
cockroach and brown-banded cockroach were considered the most troublesome house- 
hold pests of 1964. Brown-banded cockroach, oriental cockroach and German 
cockroach were probably more prevalent in CALIFORNIA. Cockroaches were one of 
the main household pests in Clark County, NEVADA, and in WYOMING, infestations 
of German cockroach were reported from Fremont, Goshen, Laramie and Albany 
Counties, during 1964. In ALASKA, cockroaches, especially German cockroach and 
brown-banded cockroach, were the most numerous pests in homes, apartments and 
buildings on military installations, 


FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) were more numerous than usual around lights and in 
homes throughout OKLAHOMA and were a problem in and around homes in eastern 
NORTH DAKOTA. CAMEL CRICKETS (Ceuthophilus spp.) were found in homes in south- 
eastern North Dakota and in Newport, Newport County, RHODE ISLAND. A CRICKET 
(Gryllus sp.) was less conspicuous than in previous years in Rhode Island, but 
there was a complaint of a household infestation from Warwick, Kent County, in 
September. 


The first seasonal reports of BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) in NORTH 
CAROLINA were from Person and Stanly Counties during the first week of February. 


Reports were also received during March and again from late May through the first 


week in June, primarily from the Piedmont area. Relatively few reports were 
received in the fall. This insect appeared to be very abundant in various 
sections of VIRGINIA. In MARYLAND, it was a nuisance in and around homes and 
buildings, usually during fall and early winter. Numbers were heavy in DELAWARE 
homes, especially in New Castle County. Infestations in NEW JERSEY did not 
appear to be so heavy as in 1963, but this coreid bug was a nuisance in several 
areas during the fall, continuing through December. Boxelder bug migrated into 
homes in PENNSYLVANIA in increasing numbers during 1964. In CONNECTICUT, more 
requests for information about this pest are received every year, It was 
abundant locally in the Blackstone Valley section of Providence County, RHODE 
ISLAND, where it has beena perennial nuisance for over a decade. Numerous speci- 
mens were sent in by concerned homeowners in NEW HAMPSHIRE, where it is apparently 
most troublesome in Manchester, Hillsboro County, and Concord, Merrimack County. 
No statewide population trend was noted in INDIANA. Overwintering adults were 
annoying in homes in WISCONSIN by early April and were particularly numerous in 
some houses near boxelder trees until warm weather began. Migration into homes 


occurred with the arrival of cool, fall weather, Adults migrated into homes in 


NEBRASKA in late October, and were reported in homes in MISSOURI and COLORADO. 


A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) and a COREID BUG (Arhyssus scutatus) invaded 
residences in CALIFORNIA, causing a considerable nuisance. Another COREID BUG 
(Jadera sp.) was of concern to homeowners in areas of TEXAS. GIANT WATER BUG 
(Lethocerus americanus) was a nuisance around homes in the Fargo area of Cass 
County, NORTH DAKOTA, 


An undetermined ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLE was numerous in a house in Westerly, 
Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in late July. The source of the infestation 
was not determined. BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) infested a house in 
Greenville, Providence County, Rhode Island, in May and adults were a nuisance 
in a few residences and commercial buildings in CALIFORNIA. An unidentified 


wee yee 


—- 330 —- 


GROUND BEETLE invaded a house in West Warwick, Kent County, RHODE ISLAND, in 
early June. Several CERAMBYCID BEETLES (Neoclytus sp. and Phymatodes spp.) 
infested fireplace wood in Rhode Island. RED-HEADED ASH BORER (N. acuminatus) , 
P, variabilis, and a BUPRESTID BEETLE (Buprestis striata) caused concern to 
homeowners in PENNSYLVANIA by emerging from fireplace wood. 


An average number of reports of ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) in 
homes were received in RHODE ISLAND. Adults migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA 
and were common in homes throughout VIRGINIA. This insect was observed in homes 
and other structures in MISSOURI, and was a nuisance in some homes in ARKANSAS 
and northwestern TEXAS. 


A SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium affine) was moderate to heavy in a home in Augusta, 
Kennebec County, MAINE, in April. DARKLING BEETLES were unusually heavy in 

urban areas of Clark County, NEVADA, and adults concentrated at night near lighted, 
populated areas in NEBRASKA during August. Blapstinus spp. plagued many areas 

of ARIZONA, large numbers invading homes and causing a general nuisance, 


STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) was abundant in homes in several 
areas in eastern NORTH DAKOTA. Many inquires were made by householders in 
MINNESOTA, indicating this pest to be exceptionally numerous statewide. In 
WISCONSIN, adults emerged by May 15 and migrated into homes soon afterwards, with 
annoyance continuing through the summer, Household infestations occurred in late 
July in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, at Lincoln, Riverside, Johnston and 
Cumberland. In MASSACHUSETTS, a larger number of inquiries than usual were 
received regarding this household nuisance. This pest migrated into homes in 
PENNSYLVANIA and adult populations were high during mid-July in DELAWARE where 
more house infestations occurred than in the past several years. Strawberry root 
weevil adults occurred in homes in Carroll, Harford and Talbot Counties, MARYLAND, 
and were common in homes throughout VIRGINIA. 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) was occasionally reported in 
VIRGINIA, A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) was less of a problem in 
Virginia than in 1963, but caused some annoyance by migrating into homes. In 
RHODE ISLAND, a very heavy infestation of C. setarius occurred around a house in 


Richmond, Washington County, for the second year. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus 


sulcatus) migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA. Some other WEEVILS which caused 
annoyance by entering homes were Ophryastes sp. in Potter County, TEXAS; 
Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus in western WASHINGTON during late spring and fall; 

and Eudiagogus rosenschoeldi in the western section of Tampa, Hillsborough County, 
FLORIDA, during late June and early July. 


ANTS caused about the usual number of complaints in NEW HAMPSHIRE during 1964, 
Various species, especially PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) and LARGER 
YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops interjectus) , caused annoyance to homeowners throughout 
MARYLAND. These two species were very common throughout NEW JERSEY where they 
were troublesome through December. Mating flights caused considerable concern 
and, in many instances, were mistaken for termite swarms. Most-.inquiries about 
pavement ant during fall and winter concerned infestations in homes with slab 
construction. In VIRGINIA, a few reports of pavement ant were received and 
SILKY ANT (Formica fusca) was frequently reported by homeowners throughout the 
State. In NORTH CAROLINA, several reports of larger yellow ant were received 
during March. Several species of ANTS caused concern over a wide area of TEXAS. 
In NORTH DAKOTA, a well established colony of PHARAOH ANT (Monomorium pharaonis) 
was observed in Fargo, Cass County. In CALIFORNIA, ODOROUS HOUSE ANT (Tapinoma 
sessile) was more troublesome in residences in 1964 than before. 


Various WASPS became troublesome around homes in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA during 
the latter part of the season, Complaints of annoyance by VESPID WASPS in homes 
and other building were about normal in UTAH, These pests were widespread and 
annoying in ALASKA, especially the paper-nest building species, but a few ground 
nesting species were also occasional problems. In RHODE ISLAND, a normal number 
of reports of SAWFLIES infesting firewood was received. 


| 


= "33 — 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was one of the most important household pests in 


ALABAMA and was more abundant than normal in UTAH. FACE FLY (M. autumnalis) 


-rudis) entered homes in PENNSYLVANIA and were reported in VIRGINIA. Cluster fly 


populations in homes increased in CONNECTICUT. Face fly and CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia 


was more abundant than usual in homes in Montgomery, Prince Georges and Talbot 
Counties, MARYLAND, and was troublesome in houses in VERMONT during early and 
late fall. Numbers were approximately normal in UTAH. MOTH FLIES were unusually 
abundant generally in PENNSYLVANIA and were heavy in homes in Hamilton County, 
TEXAS. A MOTH FLY (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) was a problem in several homes 


in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties, MARYLAND, during July and August. 


Face fly, cluster fly, FLESH FLIES, and SOLDIER FLIES were observed in homes and 
other structures in MISSOURI. 


EARWIGS invaded houses in many localities in NEW HAMPSHIRE, causing numerous 
complaints; populations increased in CONNECTICUT in 1964. Several species were 
of concern to homeowners in one or more areas of TEXAS. An EARWIG (Labidura 
riparia) caused much annoyance when continuous heavy infestations occurred in 
homes in ARIZONA during spring and summer. Repeated controls were necessary. 
Infestations of this species were general in GEORGIA and caused considerable 
concern to homeowners. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) continued to 
bother homeowners in the Portland area and coastal region of Cumberland County, 
MAINE. Light infestations were reported around homes in the Rockland area of 
Knox County. This species was reported over widely scattered areas of VERMONT, 


' Although it sometimes occurred in large numbers, no damage was reported. In 
| RHODE ISLAND, this earwig became evident statewide in late June and was more 
abundant than usual, but declined in mid-August. European earwig was found in 


packing material that had been shipped to ALASKA from out of State. Whether or 
not European earwig will survive in Alaska is unknown. 


Several species of PILLBUGS were a nuisance to homeowners in many areas of TEXAS, 
SILVERFISH (Lepisma saccharina) was one of the main household pests in Clark 
County, NEVADA, and FIREBRAT (Thermobia domestica) was a household pest in 
PENNSYLVANIA. During June and July, SPRINGTAILS migrated into many homes in the 
central counties of NEW JERSEY. There was a substantial increase over similar 
occurrences in 1963. Numerous homes were invaded in DELAWARE during early July. 
Springtails were unusually abundant and troublesome inside buildings and homes 

in Howard, Prince Georges and Talbot Counties, MARYLAND, and were occasionally 
reported in VIRGINIA. Springtails were of concern to homeowners in parts of 


| TEXAS, 


Mass migrations of MILLIPEDS into homes in INDIANA were less numerous than in 
previous years, Dry weather from mid-July on may have contributed to the 
reduction. In NEBRASKA, millipeds migrated into houses in late August and were 
abundant in and around homes in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA during the latter part 
of the season. Infestations prompted very few reports in NORTH CAROLINA during 
1964, whereas they were quite numerous in 1963. Occurrences of HOUSE CENTIPEDE 
(Scutigera coleoptrata) were occasionally reported in VIRGINIA. 


CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was very numerous in CONNECTICUT in 1964 and 
invaded homes in VERMONT on several occasions. Complaints of household infesta- 


tions, some very heavy and persistent, were received from all parts of RHODE 


ISLAND, In DELAWARE, it continued to be a serious nuisance pest. Clover mite 
was annoying to homeowners in Several suburban communities in MARYLAND and 
invaded homes throughout VIRGINIA. Most reports in NORTH CAROLINA occurred 
during February, March and April. This pest was not so troublesome there as 

it was in 1963, Clover mite migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA, was a nuisance 
in some homes in ARKANSAS and was observed in homes and other structures in 
MISSOURI. This mite was a nuisance to homeowners in many areas of WISCONSIN, 

and was present throughout the summer, Fadil migrations into houses caused much 
concern to homeowners throughout WYOMING. This mite was present in homes in 


COLORADO and was more troublesome than usual in homes in UTAH. Migrations into 


homes occurred almost statewide in NEVADA during winter and spring. In CALIFORNIA, 
clover mite infestations in homes were about the same as in past years, with the 


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normal irritation to residents. MUSHROOM MITE (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was 
also a household pest in CALIFORNIA, Infestations occurred occasionally through- 
out the year, WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) was very numerous in one 
home in PENNSYLVANIA, 


UNITED STATES. DEPART SS ae” POEWAGE 19) 
(@ : x : ' 7 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF .