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Disclaimer

This publication is intended to be used as a guide only.
Information contained here is that available at the time of
printing (February 2004). While every effort has been made to
ensure accuracy, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural
Development does not accept responsibility for label changes,
errors in conversion or otherwise. It remains the responsibility of
the readers to follow product information contained on the
product label or package insert. The publisher, editor and all
contributors to this publication cannot be held responsible for
publication errors or any consequence resulting from the use of
this publication.

Note: Some approved minor use registrations may not appear
on the product label. Check with product write-up for details.

All recommendations in this publication are given in
quantity of commercial product per acre (L or kg/ac).

Product labels are given in quantity of product per hectare
(L or kg/ha). To avoid application errors, be sure to read and
understand label recommendations.

Warning

The use of a pesticide in any manner not published on the
label or registered under the Minor Use of Pesticides
regulation constitutes an offence under both the Federal
Pest Control Products Act and Alberta's Environmental
Protection and Enhancement Act.

Copies of this publication may be obtained from:
Publications Office

Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development

Phone: 1-800-292-5697 (toll free in Canada)

(780) 427-0391
or

see our website <www.agric.gov.ab.ca> for information on
other publications, videos and CD-Roms

Revised 2004 02

CROP

PROTECTION

^004

Edited by

Shaffeek Ali, RAg.

Crop Diversification Division, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development
in co-operation with the agro-chemical industry

Published by:

Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development

Information Packaging Centre

7000 - 113 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

Canada T6H 5T6

Production Editor: Chris Kaulbars
Graphic Designer: John Gillmore
Page Production: Sherrill Strauss

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise
without written permission from the Information Packaging
Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.

ISSN -1201-5059

Printed February 2004

Contents

Page/s

Addresses and Telephone Numbers -

Chemical Companies 1

Leaf Stages - Cereals and Grasses 3

Leaf Stages - Broadleaf Weeds 4

Cereal Growth Stages 5

Pea Node Leaf Stages 6

Bean Leaf Stages 7

Lentil and Chickpea Leaf Stages 8

How to Use This Book 9

Chemical Pest Control Summary 9

Pesticide Resistance 10

The problem 10

Identifying resistance 10

Management strategies 10

Sprayer Operations 11

Sprayer calibration 12

Standard benchmarks 12

Calibrating small sprayers 13

Sprayer clean-out 13

Preparation and Application of Pesticides 14

Proper mixing of pesticides 14

Adjuvants (surfactants, wetting agents,

spreaders, etc.) 14

Tank mixtures 15

What to do if results are unsatisfactory 15

Reporting a complaint 16

Pesticide applicator certificate 16

Farmer certification requirements 16

Pesticide user responsibility 17

Pesticide Container Site Locations 21

Safety Precautions 24

Warning symbols 24

Pesticide toxicity, hazard and risk 24

Reducing the risk of exposure to pesticides 25

Protective clothing and equipment 26

Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment 29

Specific cleaning procedures for pesticides 30

Other Precautions and Safety Tips 31

Grazing and haying restrictions 31

Farm safety program 31

Page/s

First Aid 32

Poison information centres 32

Standard first aid measures 32

Glossary of Terms in Pest Control 33

Herbicides

Herbicide Index 34

Chemical weed control in Alberta 37

Water used for spray application 38

Herbicide resistance 38

Herbicide group classification by

mode of action 40

Herbicides 43

Herbicide Selector Charts 431

Insecticides

Insecticide Index 319

Chemical insect control in Alberta 320

Insecticide group classification by

mode of action 325

Insecticides 326

Insecticide Selector Charts 479

Fungicides

Fungicide Index 371

Chemical control of plant diseases in

Alberta 372

Seed treatment of cereal, forage,

oilseed and pluse crops 372

Fungicide group classification by

mode of action 373

Fungicides 375

Fungicide Selector Charts 484

Rodenticides

Rodenticide Index 430

Chemical control of rodents 431

Marketing classification 431

Rodenticides 432

Pesticide Application Records

505

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016

mm'

https://archive.org/details/cropprotection00albe_4

Address and Telephone Numbers

Chemical Companies

Abell Pest Control Inc.

636 Notre Dame Avenue
Winnipeg, MB R3B 1S9
(204) 783-3396 Fax: (204) 783-6925

Arvesta Canada, Inc.

998, 105 - 150 Crowfoot Crescent N.W.
Calgary, AB T3G 3T2
Toll Free: 1-866-761-9397
Fax:1-866-231-8957
Website: www.arvesta.com

BASF Canada

345 Carlingview Drive

Toronto, ON M9W 6N9

(416) 675-3611 Toll Free: 1-877-371-2273

Website: www.agproducts.basf.com

Bayer CropScience

#100, 3131 - 114 Avenue S.E.

Calgary, AB T2Z 3X2
1-888-283-6847

Website: www.bayercropscience.ca

Cheminova Canada

5915 Airport Road, Suite 316
Mississauga, ON L4V ITl
(905) 405-1923 Toll Free: 1-888-316-6260
Website: www.cheminova.com

Apache Seed Co.

10136 - 149 Street
Edmonton, AB T5T ILl
(780) 489-4245

Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

#201, 1144 - 29 Avenue N.E.

Calgary, AB T2E 7P1
Toll Free: 1-800-667-3852
24 Hour Emergency: 1-613-996-6666
Website: www.dowagro.ca

DuPont Canada Inc.

4444 - 72 Avenue S.E.

Calgary AB T2C 2C1
Toll Free: 1-800-667-3925
Website: www.dupont.ca/ag

Elston Equipment Co. Inc.

Goodwin Enterprises
R.R. 2

Sundre, AB TOM 1X0
(403) 638-3215

Engage Agro Corporation

848 Gordon Street

Guelph, ON NIG 1Y7

(519) 826-7878 Toll Free: 1-800-900-5487

Website: www.engageagro.com

Garden City Ag Supplies

3895 - 9th Avenue N

Lethbridge, AB TIH 6G8

(403) 320-8101 Fax: (403) 320-8041

Gustafson Partnership

#10, 2712 - 37 Avenue N.E.

Calgary, AB TIY 5L3
(403) 250-9481

24 Hour Emergency: (519) 744-3060
Toll Free: 1-800-880-9481
Website: www.gustafson.com

Interprovincial Co-operatives Ltd.

945 Marion Street
Winnipeg, MB R2J 0K7
(204) 233-3461 Fax: (204) 233-8462
Website: www.ipco.ca

K-9 Cattle Company

Box 1422

Prince Albert, SK S6V 5S9
(306) 764-8102

Address and Telephone Numbers - Chemical Companies (cont'd)

Monsanto Canada Inc.

67 Scurfield Blvd.

Winnipeg, MB R3Y 1G4
Toll Free: 1-800-667-4944
Website: www.monsanto.com

Norac Concepts Inc.

EO. Box 62023
Ottawa, ON KIC 7H8
(613) 841-2907 Fax: (613) 841-2908
24 Hour Emergency: (613) 787-5620
Website: www.noracconcepts.com

Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

#300, 6700 MacLeod Trial South
Calgary, AB T2H 0L3
Toll Free: 1-800-665-9250
24 Hour Emergency: 1-800-327-8633
Website: www.syngenta.ca

United Agri Products

Suite 2210, 360 Main Street
Winnipeg, MB R3C 3Z3
24 Hour Emergency: 1-800-561-8273
Website: www.uap.ca

Nufarm Canada

5507 - 1st Street S.E.
Calgary, AB T2H 1H9
Toll Free: 1-800-868-5444
Website: www.nufarm.ca

Univar Canada Ltd.

4220 - 78 Avenue S.E.

Calgary, AB T2C 2Z5
(403) 236-1713

Website: www.univarcanada.com

NuGro

10 Craig Street
Brantford, ON N3T 7J1
Toll Free: 1-800-461-7356

Peacock Industries Inc.

Box 577

Hague, SK SOK 1X0

(306) 225-4691 Fax: (306) 225-4600

Website : www. grasshoppercontrol. com

Wilson Laboratories Inc.

36 Head Street
Dundas, ON L9H 3H3
(416) 627-9205

Pest Management Regulatory Agency

The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Health Canada is responsible for providing safe
access to pest management tools, such as pesticides and sustainable pest management strategies, while
minimizing risks. The Agency registers all pest control products that may be used in Canada, It also re-
evaluates the existing pesticides available to the agriculture, forestry, manufacturing and other sectors,
PMRA’s risk-management approach to regulatory decision-making involves objective, scientific
assessment of the risks to human health and the environment, while considering the need for a pest
control product. With this approach, growers and consumers are better protected and have access to the
information regulatory decisions are based on.

If there are questions or inquiries regarding pesticides, product labels or safety precautions, contact
PMRA at the following phone numbers:

Edmonton (780)495-7014 Calgary (403)292-4106 Lethbridge (403)382-4794

National toll free number: 1-800-267-6315 - Pest Management Information Service
Visit our website: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pmra-arla

Leaf Stages - Cereals and Grasses

Leaf Stages - Broadleaf Weeds

Whorled Leaves

Cotyledon Stage

Leaf Stages - Legume Crops

Alfalfa and Clovers

Second Trifoliate Leaf Stage

Cereal Growth Stages

Zadoks Decimal Growth Stages

11 12 - 21 22 23 - 29 30 31 32 37 39 45 50 - 51 58 - 59 75

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 105 TT

Feekes Large Growth Stages

One

leaf

Two

tillers

formed

Tillering

begins

Leaf sheaths
strongly
erect

Second

node

detectable

Ligule of
flag leaf
just visible

Leaf

First

Flag leaf

sheaths

node

just

lengthen

detectable

visible

Fist ear
just
visible

Boots

swollen

Ripening

All ears
out of
sheath

The Feekes and Zadoks scales define the growth
stages of a relatively uniform cereal crop.
Completion of these growth stages by the cereal
crop will be influenced greatly by soil temperature,
moisture, air temperature and day length. For
example, stages 2 to 5 in the Feekes scale may take
5 or 6 weeks, whereas stages 6 to 10 may be
completed in 2 to 3 weeks under prairie conditions.

To establish the growth stage of a cereal crop using
either of these scales, it is necessary to collect a
random sample of plants to determine the level of
growth attained by the majority of the plants.

Under good growing conditions, examination of up
to 10 random selected plants may be appropriate.
Under conditions of uneven germination and low
soil moisture, growth stage assessment may require
larger samples.

Precise timing of the application of an
agrochemical, be it a fungicide, growth regulator,
herbicide or supplemental nutrient, is of vital
importance in maximizing the desired effect on the
target crop. Physiological growth stage, not farming
practices based on calendar days, will achieve this
desired effect from the agrochemical.

Pea Node Leaf Stages

Semi-leafless Type

6th node

5th node

4th node
3rd node

2nd node
1st node

Scale leaf

Soil surface

Bean Leaf Stages

Source: BASF Canada

Acknowledgement: Technical expertise from Dr. Al Slinkard.

Lentil and Chickpea Leaf Stages

Chickpea

5th leaf

4th leaf

2nd leaf

2nd scale leaf

Do not include scale
leaves in staging for
spray application timing

seed

1st leaf

3rd leaf

Begin leaf count here

1st scale leaf

1st scale leaf can occur
above or below ground

Source: BASF Canada

Acknowledgement: Technical expertise from Dr. Al Slinkard.

How to Use This Book

This publication is intended to be of assistance in
the selection and application of pesticides. The
pesticides are grouped into four main sections:
herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and
rodenticides. Growth regulators are at the end of
the herbicide section, and insecticide/fungicide
mixes are included in the fungicide section. Each
section is indexed separately.

Use the pesticide selector charts at the end of the
book and the detailed pesticide descriptions to

choose the most appropriate chemicals. To select a

suitable pesticide, follow these steps:

• Identify the pest(s).

• Refer to the chart for weed or insect pests, and
record the pesticide (s) available.

• Refer to the appropriate pesticide (s) in the text,
and select the product best suited to your
operation.

• Apply the pesticide strictly according to
instructions given on the label attached to the
product container.

Chemical Pest Control Summary

Know your problem(s).

• Indentify the pest(s).

• Estimate infestation level or probable economic
loss to determine if treatment is required.

• Know the crop variety. Some products are
restricted to, or excluded from, use on specific
crop types or varieties.

• If necessary, note soil type or texture of the area
to be treated.

If chemical control is necessary, choose
a pesticide based on the following
criteria:

• Registered products for the given crop (tank
mixes may have separate recommendations).

• Pests controlled by the product.

• Crop and pest stage of growth or development.

• Recommended application time (e.g. spring,
summer, fall; time of day) .

• Cropping and/or harvest restrictions of
product(s) considered.

• Use the least toxic, suitable product.

Read product label directions for:

• Recommended rate(s) for the particular pest,
infestation level, crop and field conditions.

• Method of application.

• Any application restrictions during adverse or
extreme weather conditions.

• Any other restrictions, cautions or special
instructions.

Clean, prepare, maintain application
equipment.

• Lubricate and repair equipment to get the best
possible performance.

• Clean spray tank of residues to prevent crop
damage or problems with equipment.

• Clean, calibrate and, if necessary, replace spray
nozzles.

• Check pump and pressure system.

Safely prepare pesticides for application.

• Use protective clothing and recommended safety
equipment; the exposure hazard is greatest
during mixing.

• Follow the mixing instructions.

• Use the specified amount and quality of water.

• Use recommended rates (tank mix rates may be
different from each pesticide used alone).

• If specified, add adjuvants.

• Record the following: rates used, mix order,
pesticides and adjuvants used as well as water
quality for future reference.

Apply pesticides using:

• Recommended safety precautions and
equipment.

• Proper application equipment.

• Recommended rates of pesticides, adjuvants and
water.

• Proper time (e.g. growth stage, time of day,
season).

• Recommended techniques (e.g. ground speed,
pressure, incorporation).

• Record weather conditions at time of
application, techniques used, growth stage of
crop and pests for future reference.

Pesticide Resistance

The Problem

Agricultural pests can develop resistance to
fungicides, herbicides or insecticides. Resistance is
the result of repeated use of one or more similar
pesticides over a number of years. In Alberta, the
potential exists for resistance to develop to a
number of products. Producers should follow
agronomic practices that both prevent or minimize
the development of resistance and prevent the
spread of existing resistant populations.

Pest biot5q>es resistant to one or more chemical
pesticides occur naturally. Repeated use of either
one pesticide or of pesticides with a similar mode of
action can result in a build-up of resistance and a
loss of control. Pesticide resistant biotypes do not
differ in appearance from the susceptible biotypes.
Therefore, it is extremely difficult to observe the
progression of resistance until a loss of control is
observed.

Identifying Resistance

• Loss of control is observed. One pest may escape
control while other pest species are controlled.

• Was pesticide performance adversely affected by
weather conditions or misapplication?

• Does the field history indicate repeated use of
one or more pesticides with a similar mode of
action?

• Did the pest infestation occur after pesticide
application?

Management Strategies

Producers should attempt to prevent or delay the

appearance of resistance through the rotation of

both crops and pesticides.

• Keep accurate records of crop rotation and
pesticide use.

• Rotate both crops and pesticides. When rotating
pesticides, use products with different modes of
action.

• Avoid the repeated use of one or more similar
pesticides.

• Use clean seed.

• Use pest resistant crop varieties.

• Use cultural pest controls, including tillage
where practical.

• Avoid pesticides with long residual activity.

• Follow label directions regarding management
practices.

• Use good sanitation practices. Avoid spreading
crop seed, weed seed, crop residues or manure
from suspicious fields.

• Use mixtures or split applications of pesticides
with different modes of action.

• Follow all label directions and restrictions
carefully.

Sprayer Operations

A summary of sprayer operations is presented in

this publication.

Getting the sprayer ready:

• Preliminary maintenance, adjustments and
settings must be made according to the
operator’s manual.

• The entire sprayer system should be cleaned and
rinsed.

• Ensure that all nozzles are the same size and
spray angle by checking the code number on the
nozzle tip.

• Partially fill sprayer tank with clean water.

• Check the pump for adequate output. If the
desired spraying pressure can be achieved with
the agitator and boom valves open, the pump
output is okay.

• Check accuracy of main sprayer gauge by
installing a new gauge on the boom end
temporarily and compare the pressure readings.
The readings should be identical.

• Inspect spray patterns and replace tips that have
streaky patterns. Flat fan nozzles should be
aligned, so the patterns do not interfere with
each other.

Sample Nozzle Chart

Nozzle Pressure Litres Litres per acre (50 cm spacing)

number

kPa

per minute

8km/h

8 km/h

9 km/h

10 km/h

11001

275

0.38

110015

275

0.57

11002*

275

0.75

* Standard Tips for 40 L/ac at 275 kPa and 9 km/h. For nozzles not included, refer to manufacturer's data or
Pesticide Application Equipment, Agdex 744'5.

Note; If spray charts are not available for your nozzles, the following formula may be used to establish the
ground speed required to apply the desired litres per acre.

Formula: Example:

Average nozzle output (t/min) x 240 - km/h 0.75 l/min x 240 = 180 ^ 9 km/h

Litres per acre x nozzle spacing (m)* 40 L/ac x 0.5 m 20

* Standard nozzle spacing is 0.5 m.

Nozzle tip calibration

The output of individual nozzles must be within
5 per cent of the average nozzle output to provide
an even volume over the width of the spray swath.
Nozzles with outputs either above or below this
value must be replaced.

Step 4: Select nozzles for 40 litres per acre from
the manufacturer’s chart or the sample nozzle chart
in this publication.

Example: Nozzle No. 1 1 002 at 275 kPa and 9 km/h =

40 lyacre

• With the spayer operating at the recommended
spraying pressure (275 kPa), collect, measure
and record the output from each nozzle on the
boom for one minute. Note: if nozzle strainers
are equipped with ball-check valves, increase
pressure by 35 kPa.

• Calculate the average output.

• Replace nozzles with output 5 per cent greater
than average. Clean and recheck nozzles with
output 5 per cent less than average.

Ground speed determination

Actual ground speed can be confirmed by noting
the time it takes to travel a measured distance. The
following ground speed chart is based on the time
required to travel 800 metres.

Speed

Travel time for 800 m

(km/h)

(minrsec)

6:48

6:00

5:20

4:48

4:22

4:00

Sprayer Calibration - Example
L/Acre

Step 1 : Determine the number of acres to spray
using your field records.

Example: 30 acres

Step 2; Know the sprayer tank capacity, which is
marked on sprayer tank.

Example: 2,000 litres

Step 3: Determine spray volume needed per acre,
which can be obtained from the pesticide label or
this publication.

Example: 40 litres per acre recommended

Step 5: Check nozzle output. See nozzle tip
calibration.

Example: Nozzle flow between 0.71 to 0.79 litres per minute
per nozzle is okay

Step 6: Calculate total spray solution needed by
multiplying number of acres x litres per acre.

Example: 30 acres x 40 litres per acre = 1,200 litres

Step 7: Calculate the total amount of pesticide
needed from the pesticide label or this publication
(multiply litres of pesticide per acre x number of
acres to spray).

Example: 0.60 L/acre x 30 acres = 1 8 L of pesticide and
1 , 1 82 L of water in sprayer tank

Step 8: Set sprayer to travel at desired speed.

See Step 4 (example) and nozzle chart.

Example: Required speed = 9 km/h (36 seconds to travel 90 m)

Standard Benchmarks

Application volume: 40 litres per acre (L/ac) = 100 litres
per hectare (Dha) = 8.8 Imperial
gallons per acre

Spraying pressure: 75 kilopascals (kPa) =

40 pounds per square inch (psi)

Speed for spraying: 9 kilometres per hour (km/h) =

5.4 miles per hour (mph)

Nozzle spacing on spray boom: 0.5 m = 20 inches (in.)

Height above target for 80° and 1 1 0°

Nozzle tips: 45 centimetres (cm) = 18 inches (in.)

Nozzle tips: 8002 or 11 002

Note: A standard nozzle puts out 0.75 litres per
minute at 275 kPa. At 9 km/h, these nozzles apply
40 L/ac of spray.

Metric equivalents

1 acre
2.471 acre
6.9 kPa
1 .6 km/h
2.54 cm
1 litre/ac

0.405 hectare
1 hectare
1 psi
1 mph
1 in

2.5 litre/ha

Calibrating Small Sprayers

The Spray volume that a backpack or hand-held
sprayer will apply per acre can be determined by
field testing the sprayer on a portion of an acre.

The size of the test area commonly used is 1/100 of
an acre. It is important that the test area surface is
similar to the surface to be sprayed, so the walking
speed will remain the same.

Step 1: Establish a test run distance to spray
1/100 acre (40.5 m2) according to the swath width
of the sprayer.

Swath width

0.5 metres

1 .0 metres
1 .5 metres

2.0 metres

Test run length

81.0 metres
40.5 metres

27.0 metres
20.2 metres

Step 2: At a comfortable walking speed, spray the
test area and measure the volume of water used
(repeat 2 or 3 times to obtain an average). This is
the amount applied to 1/100 acre.

Example: 2 litres

Clean the sprayer thoroughly when changing
chemicals. Clean all parts - sprayer tank, pump,
booms, hoses, strainers and nozzles. Plugged nozzle
tips should be cleaned with a soft bristle brush or
compressed air. Never use your mouth to
blow a tip clean.

Reduce waste by mixing only the required volume
of spray solution and by spraying or reusing as
much of the leftover residue as possible. Select a
special site for flushing and cleaning of the sprayer.
Do not clean sprayers near creeks, dugouts,
sloughs, wells or any other water sources. Ensure
that wash water does not come into contact with
any desirable vegetation or its roots. Make sure
discharged wash water (especially from
insecticides) will not be accessible to children or
animals. Do not contaminate any watercourse or
water body with wash water. Note: Pesticides may
have specific recommendations for sprayer clean-
out. Refer to product labels on the container for
recommendations.

Step 3: Multiply the figure arrived at in Step 2 by
100 to get the spray volume per acre.

Example: 2 L x 1 00 = 200 L/ac

Step 4: Determine the amount of pesticide to add
per tank load. Divide the volume applied per acre
by tank capacity to determine the number of fills
required to spray an acre.

Example: 200 L/ac ^ 20 L/tank = 10 fills

Divide the chemical rate per acre by the number of
tank loads required to spray an acre to determine
the amount of product to add per tank load.
Example: 1 L/ac 10 fills = 0.1 L/tank

Sprayer Clean-out

Reasons for sprayer clean-out

• To prevent crop injury by leftover residues.

• To avoid loss of activity of the next pesticide by
leftover residues.

• To stop chemicals from corroding or plugging
spray equipment.

Cleaning at day's end

• Drain the tank.

• Open boom ends.

• Flush entire system with clean water.

• Remove and clean nozzle tips and strainers as
needed.

Cleaning the sprayer when changing
chemicals or for sprayer storage

• A more complete cleaning of the sprayer is
needed when changing pesticides. Even a small
amount of some pesticides left in the sprayer can
create serious damage to subsequently sprayed
crops.

• Wash outside of sprayer, then drain the tank
completely.

• Remove and clean all strainers and nozzle tips.
Open boom-ends.

• Partially fill sprayer tank with clean water,
circulate and flush through the booms for at
least 10 minutes, then drain. If any visible
residues remain, repeat clean water rinse cycle.

• Fill sprayer tank with clean water. Add one litre
of household ammonia for every 100 litres of
water. Re-circulate the solution through the
agitator and/or b)rpass for at least 15 minutes.

• Spray out and drain completely.

• Repeat the ammonia wash cycle.

• Rinse twice with clean water and drain.

Note: If ammonia is not available, add one of the
following alternatives to 100 L of water:

0.5 kg nutrasol or solvental, or 1.0 kg trisodium
phosphate or 0.6 L agral 90. Liquid spray tank
cleaner containing potassium hydroxide can also be
used.

At end of spraying season

• Add light oil or automobile antifreeze during the
final stage of the last rinsing procedure.

• Remove the pump and store it indoors.

• Close all openings into the sprayer to prevent
entry of debris or rodents.

• Protect plastic tanks from direct sunlight during
storage to ensure longevity.

Preparation and Application of
Pesticides

Proper Mixing of Pesticides

1. Fill the sprayer with half the required amount of
clean water.

2. Shake the closed pesticide container vigorously.

3. Slowly add pesticide to sprayer with agitator
operating.

4. Add the remaining amount of water and spray at
once.

5. If tank mixing more than one pesticide, add
pesticides to the tank in the order recommended
on the label.

6. Triple rinse empty containers and add rinsate to
the tank.

7. Always agitate vigorously if sprayer has been
standing for a time after mixing.

Adjuvants (surfactants, wetting
agents, spreaders, etc.)

Adjuvants are added to a pesticide to enhance
application and/or performance. The most common
adjuvants used in pesticides are surfactants. If
adjuvants are required, use only those products

named and recommended on the label. Failure to
do so could result in;

• crop injury

• reduced pest control

• invalidation of pesticide warranty

Surfactants facilitate and enhance the emulsifying,
dispersing, wetting, spreading, sticking, penetrating
or other surface-modifying properties of liquids to
bring about enhanced pesticidial action. Because
these chemicals produce physical changes at the
surface of liquids, surfactants are often referred to
as surface-active agents.

Surfactants are generally classified into two major
groups based on how they react in water: ionic or
non-ionic. Ionic surfactants break down when
mixed in water, into two entities - a positively
charged ion (cation) and negatively charged ion
(anion). An example is ammonium sulphate
(2 NH/ -I- SO,-).

Non-ionic surfactants do not break down in water.
Consequently, they are unaffected by hard water,
can be used in strong acid solutions and are more
soluble in cold water than in hot water. Some of the
commonly recommended non-ionic surfactants for
herbicide mixtures are Agral 90, Ag-Surf,
Companion, Citowett Plus, Enhance, Super
Spreader-Sticker, Tween 20.

Tank Mixtures

Tank mixtures are two or more separate pesticides
mixed in the sprayer tank, as opposed to a mixture
formulated by the manufacturer. For example, wild
oat herbicides are frequently mixed with a
broadleaf herbicide to control a wide range of
weeds.

Rate to use in preparing a tank mix

Always check the product labels for the
recommended tank mix rates. Generally, add the
amount you would use if each pesticide was applied
separately, but there are exceptions.

Generalizations may be dangerous to your wallet
and your crop.

Preparing a tank mix

To avoid physical incompatibilities, go through the
following steps:

• add half the required amount of water and mix
with one pesticide

• agitate

• with agitator running, add the other pesticide.
Add pesticides to the spray tank in the following
order to reduce the possibility of formation of
precipitates or gums that may clog nozzles and
filters:

- soluble powders

- wettable powders and flowable liquids

- solutions (amines and salts)

- additives (surfactants)

- emulsifiable concentrates (esters)

For specific mixing instructions, always check the
product labels as there may be exceptions to these
guidelines.

Avoid tank mix problems

Check the labels for recommended crops, pests and
rates for tank mixes as they may be restricted
compared to the recommendations for each
individual product. For example, either Poast or
MCPA Amine alone can be used on several crops. A
Poast -t- MCPA Amine tank mix can only be used on
flax.

Crop injury, reduced pest control or physical
incompatabilities may be the result of using tank
mixes improperly. When herbicides for grassy weed
control are mixed with herbicides for broadleaf
weed control, a partial loss (sometimes total loss)
of activity on grassy weed control is quite common.
When reduced weed control or crop injury is likely
to occur, the advantages of tank mixing are soon
lost.

• Tank mix properties are not necessarily the same
as those of the individual pesticides applied
separately.

• Use registered tank mixes only.

• Check the labels for recommended crops, pests,
rates and adjuvants for tank mixing.

• Follow label directions for preparing the mix.

• Use only on crops or varieties registered for the
particular tank mix.

• Apply at the recommended stage of growth or
development of crop and pest(s).

What to Do if Results Are
Unsatisfactory

• Ensure the choice of pesticide (s) was suitable.
Are the treated crops and pests listed on the
product label(s)?

• Compare your method of pesticide preparation
to the product label (s) instructions.

• Check for equipment malfunction - e.g. plugged
screens, nozzles worn or mixed type or size.

• Compare your application techniques with those
given on label (s) - e.g. stage of growth or
development of crop and pest(s), ground speed,
pressure and incorporation.

• Consider weather conditions at application time
- several labels include cautions against
application during weather extremes -

e.g. cold, heat, drought.

• Consider time since application. Some results are
not apparent for several days. Look for early
symptoms of the chemical taking effect.

• If results are unsatisfactory, seek technical help.
Gather all relevant data, particularly evidence
such as photos or specimens. Record wind,
rainfall, soil moisture condition, crop variety,
fertility, quantity of material used, acres treated
and temperature at time of spra)dng.

• Document everything in writing. If crop damage
is involved, submit a specimen for diagnosis.
Disease or insect damage can resemble herbicide
injury.

Reporting a Complaint

Farmers who are present during an application and
have observed that drift of pesticide has occurred
on their property should take the following actions
to assist in any investigation that may take place at
a later date.

• Record as much detail on the application
equipment as possible (i.e. colour, make, call
numbers of aircraft, etc.). If possible, take
photographs.

• Write down everything you can recall of the
incident (including time of the occurrence,
weather conditions at the time, other people
who may have witnessed the incident, other
people the farmer may have talked to about the
incident and their responses, etc.) .

• Contact Alberta Environment at the 24-hour
environmental complaint number at
1-800-222-6514 or #PERT (#7378) on Telus
Mobility.

Pesticide Applicator Certificate

Anyone applying pesticides (herbicides,
insecticides, fungicides or rodenticides) in exchange
for a fee must be certified and hold a Pesticide
Service Registration issued by Alberta Environment.
If someone is offering to spray your property, ask to
see a Pesticide Service Registration and a Pesticide
Applicator Certificate (all applicators are issued
wallet-size identification cards).

For questions pertaining to pesticide applicator
certification, please call Lakeland College at
1-800-853-8648. For questions pertaining to service
registrations, contact the nearest regional office of
Alberta Environment.

Please remember that a certificate is not a
guarantee of performance. A certificate only
certifies that the certificate holder has met a
minimum standard of knowledge; it cannot assess
an applicator’s integrity or the honesty of his
business practices. If you are uncertain about the
reliability of a particular applicator, ask for
references.

Farmer Certification
Requirements

The Federal Pest Management Regulatory Agency
(PMRA), in consultation with the provincial
agriculture and environment departments across
Canada, has agreed that some pesticides have
unique hazard characteristics and require the
applicator (producer) to be knowledgeable to use
them. This means that producers will be required to
take a course and become certified to purchase and
use certain hazardous pesticides on their own
property. Certification ensures that producers are
familiar with the hazardous characteristics of the
pesticide (s) and with the safety requirements to
ensure a safe application. Mandatory certification
for producers to use certain pesticides is currently
only applicable in Alberta for:

• Aluminum phosphide (Phostoxin, Gastoxin)

• Picloram (Tordon)

Producers must present a valid applicator certificate
to the vendor at the time of purchase. Producers
are encouraged to contact Olds College Extension
Services at 1-800-661-6537 to obtain further
information about the producer certification course.

Note: The producer certification course offered by
Olds College does not qualify a producer to apply
pesticides for hire or reward for his neighbours or
other people as defined under Alberta’s
Environmental Protection Act. Producers wanting to
become commercial pesticide applicators should
contact Lakeland College at 1-866-853-8646.

Pesticide User Responsibility

Pesticide drift

Pesticide drift is a concern for ground as well as
aerial application. Landowners are responsible for
ensuring that any pesticide applications conducted
on their property are conducted in a safe,
responsible manner.

• The choice of chemical should be made with
adjacent land uses in mind. If neighbours have
livestock, bees, shelterbelts and gardens that
may be affected by off-target drift, they should
be consulted prior to application. Perhaps a
different chemical, formulation or application
method will provide the same control and
greater compatibility with neighbouring land
uses.

• All sprayers (ground or air) should be calibrated
prior to use, taking into consideration nozzle
type, nozzle pressure and boom height.
Calibration will assure better performance as
well as reducing the risk of chemical drift. If you
are hiring a custom applicator, be sure to ask
when the equipment was last calibrated, and be
sure to check during the application to see
whether any visible drift is occuring.

• Buffer strips should be left when applying
pesticides next to sensitive crops and farmsteads.
The size of these strips will depend on the
chemical used, the application method and the
degree of risk from escaping drift. Pesticide
applications conducted near rivers, creeks, lakes,
irrigation canals or other open bodies of water
require extra care and caution to ensure water
users will not be affected by the proposed
pesticide application and that the application is
conducted in a manner that will not adversely
affect aquatic or riparian habitats. Ideally,
natural vegetation should be left along natural
water bodies to ensure bank stability and to
provide a natural buffer and filter for
agricultural chemicals. A permit must be
obtained from Alberta Environment to perform
pesticide applications within this 30-metre area.

• Pesticides should not be sprayed when winds are
excessive (generally winds over 16 km/hr are
considered a drift hazard). Pesticides should only
be sprayed when winds are blowing away from
farmsteads, sensitive crops or water bodies.

Conditions of “dead-calm” or temperature
inversions should also be avoided to prevent
vapour clouds. A suitable drift retardant additive
to the spray tank may help reduce the potential
drift hazard associated with the spraying of
pesticides.

• Always assess the risk to adjacent landowners,
and never push weather conditions to meet
deadlines. If completing an application as
planned may mean damaging your neighbour’s
property, postpone the application or modify it
to prevent off-target damage. Landowners can
be held liable for pesticide drift even if a custom
applicator was hired to perform the application.
When you hire a custom applicator, it is
important that you hire a company that is
registered, operates with certified applicators
and has the knowledge, equipment, experience
and desire to perform an application properly.
Custom applicators must be aware of
neighbouring residences and sensitive crops,
(including gardens, livestock, bees, shelterbelts
and gardens) that could present problems if drift
should occur.

• All pesticide users, commercial pesticide
applicators and farmers are legally responsible
for safe pesticide use. Farmers who cause
damage from their pesticide application
activities or who counsel a commercial pesticide
service to conduct either an illegal pesticide
application or an application under questionable
circumstances (e.g. extremely windy conditions)
that results in damage, can be held liable for
compensation and face potential prosecution.
Farmers are cautioned not to counsel
commercial applicators to apply pesticides not
registered for the use intended or to direct
applications to occur under known
circumstances that could cause damage (such as
under windy conditions) . Results of such actions
could cost you time and money by having to
appear in court to answer to charges or through
the subsequent remediation of damaged crops,
shelterbelts, gardens, etc.

Notification of neighbours before
applying pesticides

• Notifying your neighbours before you or a
custom application service begins spraying for
you is not a legislated requirement; however, it
is strongly recommended and good
practice, particularly if your fields border your
neighbours farmstead or other sensitive areas
(e.g. where beehives, gardens or shelterbelts
may be located). Many potentially harmful
situations may be avoided if you talk to your
neighbour and advise what and when you
anticipate spraying. Let them know whether you
will be spraying by ground or by air (noise from
low flying aircraft has been known to cause
panic in livestock), and ask if your neighbour is
planning any events (e.g. family reunions/
picnics) where larger numbers of people may be
gathered and could potentially be exposed to
pesticides from your application. By notifying
your neighbours, you are not seeking their
consent, but rather letting them know you are
concerned about them and their property and
want them to be able to take whatever action
they believe is necessary before spra)dng to
reduce the potential exposure to the pesticide.

Disposal of pesticide treated seed

Seed treated with a fungicide, fungicide mixture or
fungicide/insecticide combination can be very toxic
and should be treated with respect. A blue or red
colouration on seed indicates it is pesticide-treated.
Extra care must be taken during the transport and
disposal of pesticide treated seed to prevent
domestic animals, birds and other wildlife from
consuming the treated seed.

Treated seed is very hazardous to birds. Any left
lying on the ground can be eaten by birds, killing
them. Be sure treated seed is properly seeded and
never leave surplus seed unburied. Spills of treated
seed, such as from trucks lurching, can be enough
to kill deer or cattle. Treated seed blowing off along
the road can kill many birds.

Cover granular pesticides with soil immediately
after application to prevent birds and other wildlife
from being able to consume them.

Spillage

Move treated seed, particularly insecticide treated
seed, in labelled, marked bags. Open container
transport is not recommended. Bags should be
checked for damage, and containers should be
sealed or lined with plastic or other suitable
material. Truckloads of seed should be tarped down
securely to avoid any possible highway spillage. All
treated seed and seed treatment residue should be
placed into the seeder at planting time - never
dumped in a field.

Disposal

Normally, treated seed is planted within one or two
years of treatment. If there is treated seed, either
bagged or loose that is either considered too old or
too low in germination, then consider its disposal.
Such treated seed should be mixed with new seed
and planted at higher rates or seeded by itself. For
example “old canola seed” can be mixed and sown
with new canola seed or overseed alone along field
margins or low areas. If disposal is necessary, check
with your local landfill authority before disposing
in a sanitary landfill. Ensure that the treated seed is
covered immediately after dumping.

Pesticide disposal

Unwanted or out-of-date pesticides should be
disposed of very safely and responsibly. Pesticides
are hazardous wastes and cannot be disposed of in
sanitary landfills or by burning. If you will not be
able to use pesticide supplies, check to see whether
a neighbour may have some use for them.

Pesticides that have no further use must be
disposed of through a qualified (approved)
hazardous waste disposal firm. Names of
companies that are licenced to handle hazardous
waste can be obtained by contacting Alberta
Environment’s Recycle Information Line at
1-800-463-6326.

In 2004, a program called Operation CleanFarm
will be operating in the southern Alberta region to
enable farmers to dispose of old and obsolete
pesticides at no cost. Watch your mailbox and local
newspapers for more information on collection
dates and sites, or check the Operation CleanFarm
website at: http://www3.gov.ab.ca/env/protenf/
pesticide/cleanfarm/index.html

Water protection

• The preservation of water quality is critical to
our sustained quality of life and agricultural
production.

• Pesticides must not be stored, mixed or
applicaton equipment cleaned within 30 metres
of an open body of water.

• Pesticides subject to leaching should not be used
on coarse-textured soils (i.e. sandy or gravelly)
to prevent groundwater contamination.

• Never store pesticides in well houses.

• Haul water to your sprayer and fill it in the field
rather than taking the sprayer near the water
source.

• Do not leave sprayers unattended while filling.

Pesticide container disposal

Triple rinsing or pressure rinsing of pesticide
containers is the recommended method of cleaning
pesticide containers prior to disposal. Triple rinsing
renders used pesticide containers (metal, plastic,
glass) more than 99 per cent free (less than 1 ppm)
of residues in most cases. There are a number of
systems for pressure rinsing. The simpler style
consists of a hollow spike connected to a water line,
which injects water under pressure into the jug,
which is then drained into the spray tank. A newer
style consists of a small hopper mounted right on
the sprayer with a sharp metal jug opener and a
pressure rinse nozzle in the bottom of the hopper.
The full jug is inserted on the jug opener, which
drains the chemical into the tank. Wash water is
injected under pressure to rinse the container. The
chemical and rinse solution is then pumped into the
spray tank by direct hose connections.

Unrinsed containers have the potential to
contaminate soil, ground water and surface water,
and can be toxic to fish and wildlife. Unrinsed
containers impede the processing and recycling of
empty pesticide containers, as containers have to be
emptied, and workers are exposed to the residue.
Residues can be transported to the atmosphere
during storage, processing, shipping and energy
recovery, or they can contaminate end products
from plastic recycling processes. In addition, it is
estimated that 6 to 7 per cent of product can be left
in unrinsed containers. This amount of material can
treat 1/2 to 1 acre of land and can result in several
dollars of savings.

Containers disposed of at a container collection site
are to be clean (triple rinsed or pressured rinsed)
and well drained (dry). Paper bags and cardboard
containers that contained pesticides should be
thoroughly emptied and disposed of at a sanitary
landfill. Do not bum paper bags or
cardboard containers.

Under the Alberta Environmental Protection and
Enhancement Act, non-refillable plastic or metal
pesticide containers (restricted, agricultural and
industrial products) must be disposed of at a
pesticide container collection site.

Outer packaging (cardboard box) can be disposed
of in a regular landfill or recycled if non-
contaminated. Some pesticide container sites have
bins or separate areas for collecting outer
packaging materials.

Steps to follow for manual triple rinsing

(without using a pressure rinse system) :

• Empty contents of the container into the spray
tank and drain in a vertical position for

30 seconds.

• Add water to container to about 1/5 full.

• Shake the container thoroughly and empty into
the spray tank, and drain for 30 seconds.

• Repeat the procedure two more times; it should
only take about 5 minutes in total.

• Triple rinsed containers should be punctured or
broken to render them non-reusable. Punctured
containers also identify themselves as being
triple rinsed. Note: Do not puncture unrinsed
containers - pesticide from unrinsed containers
is concentrated material, and puncturing
unrinsed containers will cause them to leak and
create exposure of the concentrated material to
the environment and to persons handling the
containers.

• Dispose of all plastic and metal containers at a
pesticide container collection site (see list).

Pesticide spill cleanup

In the event of a pesticide spill, follow the steps

listed below:

• Isolate affected area.

• Put on protective clothing and equipment.

• Ventilate the area (if indoors). For outdoor spills,
work from the upwind side of the spill.

• If possible, stop the containers from further
leaking.

• Contain the spread of the spill using soil, sand
bags, vermiculite, kitty litter, etc. to provide a
barrier to the spread of the spill. Prevent
pesticide entry into sewers or water supply.

• Clean up the spilled pesticide. Absorb spill on
paper, sand, dirt or other inert material

(e.g. kitty litter). Wash site with detergent or
other cleaning products such as ammonia. Check
the product label or contact the manufacturer
for advice on cleanup procedures (most products
have a 1-800 customer service number on the
label) . Dispose of all absorbant materials in an
approved landfill. If the spill is large, evacuate
the area and notify safety personnel.

Contact Alberta Environment, Environmental

Services for more information.

Emergencies or spills can be reported to the

24 hour environmental emergency/complaint

telephone number: 1-800-222-6514.

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Woodlands County Fort Assiniboine MO Yard SW2-62-6-W5 Dawn Fortin (780) 584-3866

Yeliowhead County Evansburg Contact Ag. Fieldman Daryl Switzer (780) 325-3782

Safety

Safety Precautions

Warning Symbols

Visual warning symbols on pesticide labels indicate
the kind of harm that can result from pesticide
misuse or mishandling. They alert the user to the
degree of the hazard (by the shape of the border)
and to the t)rpe of hazard (by the centre picture).

Pesticide Toxicity, Hazard and
Risk

The terms “toxicity,” “hazard” and “risk” do not all
have the same meanings. Users of pesticides should
understand the difference in meanings among these
terms.

Flammable

The “fire” symbol is a warning that
the pesticide is flammable or easily
ignited. Keep the pesticide away
from heat, sparks or open flames.
Do not smoke while mixing or
applying the product.

Explosive

The “exploding grenade” symbol
indicates that the pesticide can
explode, e.g. pesticide in
pressurized cans. Explosive
conditions may also be created by
using Roundup or Rustler
(glyphosate) in a galvanized steel
spray tank.

Corrosive

The “corroded hand” symbol
indicates that the pesticide is
corrosive to the skin and eyes. The
chemical is either acid or alkali
(caustic) and can burn the skin.
Protect the skin and eyes when
using these products.

Poisonous

The “skull and crossbones” symbol
warns that the chemical is
poisonous if taken into the body.
Keep the product out of reach of
children. Use the appropriate safety
measures when dealing with
poisonous products.

Pesticides vary in toxicity or the degree of being
poisonous. How poisonous a pesticide is depends
on its inherent chemical and physical properties.

The relative hazard of a pesticide depends on the
toxicity of the pesticide, the dose received and the
length of time exposed. No hazard exists when the
pesticide container is sealed, but once the seal is
broken and the pesticide is handled, exposure can
occur, and a hazardous situation is created.

Risk of exposure is a function of how an individual
handles the product. Although the hazard may be
the same whenever a pesticide is being poured into
the spray tank, the risk is different if one person
wears a hard hat, goggles, respirator, nitrile gloves,
waterproof apron and neoprene or rubber boots
and the other person wears none of these. A
knowledge of the toxicity of a product and the
potential for personal exposure can be used to
lower the risk of exposure. The user can control the
risk by carefully managing the hazard. Even when
highly toxic pesticides are used, if the degree of
exposure is kept low enough, the risk can be kept at
an acceptable level. The toxicity of the pesticide
can’t be changed, but the risk can be managed.

values are used to rate the toxicity of the
pesticides. The is an abbreviation for the dose
(expressed in milligrams per kilogram of body
weight of the test animal) that is lethal to 50 per

The following table relates the oral 10^^ value (mg/kg) of a pesticide

to its toxicity symbol.

LDgg less than 500 mg/kg

500- 1,000 mg/kg

LD,„ 1,000 - 2,500 mg/kg

LDgp greater than

indicates high XJjlN

indicates moderate ySiV

indicates low ( ,0, )

2,500 mg/kg

toxicity

indicates very

DANGER POISON

WARNING POISON

CAUTION POISON

low toxicity

cent of the group of test animals. For example, if a
pesticide has an oral value of 10 mg/kg and
the test animals each weigh 1 kg, 50 per cent of the
animals would die of poisoning if each ate
10 mg of the pesticide.

The smaller the value, the more toxic
the pesticide. The value usually refers to the
active ingredient in the pesticide formulation. In
this publication, the of the formulated product
is also given when available.

Symptoms of Poisoning

Pesticide poisoning can be acute (due to an
accident) or chronic (due to continued
exposure over a long period). Foi' example,
chronic health problems may develop alter
long term exposure to pesticides low in
toxicity. Accidental contact with a pesticide,
however, will not necessarily lead to
poisoning. Both types of poisoning can exhibit
mild, moderate or severe symptoms as follows:

Mild poisoning symptoms: Mild
symptoms may be vague and can be compared
with a sickness such as influenza. Typical
symptom.s include nausea, headache, tightness
of chest, loss of appetite and stomach cramps.
These symptoms can be immediate or be
delayed by 12 to 24 hours.

Moderate poisoning symptoms: These
symptoms are usually more pronounced than
mild symptoms. They include nausea,
trembling, lack of muscle co-ordination,
excessive saliva, blurring of vision, lightness of
chest, difficulty^ in breathing, flushed or yellow
skin, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea,
tearing from eyes, profound weakness, rapid
pulse and cough.

Severe poisoning symptoms: Severe
symptoms are often more specific and require
immediate hospital treatment. They include
vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating,
inability to breatlie, convulsions, fever, intense
thirst and coma. It is imperative to reduce
exposure when using all pesticides whether
they are higlily toxic or have very low
toxicities.

Reducing the Risk of Exposure to
Pesticides

Pesticides may enter the body through the skin
(dermally), the mouth (orally) or the nose
(inhalation) .

Skin

Absorption through the skin is the most common
route of exposure. Different areas of the body
absorb pesticides at different rates. For example,
assuming ihe forearm is given an absorption rate of
1.0, ibe relative absorption rate of pesticides in the
ear canal is 5.4. on the scalp 3.7, on the forehead
4.2 and the genital area 1 1 .8 - almost 12 times
greater than the forearm.

Safety

The genital area and the head are the areas where
absorption is the greatest.

Reducing the risk of exposure through the skin is
possible through the careful selection, use and care
of protective clothing and safety equipment.
Protective clothing and equipment can provide a
barrier that reduces contact between the skin and
pesticides. See the section on Protective Clothing
and Equipment for recommended wear. To help
reduce pesticide build-up, clothing should be
washed daily using recommended procedures; see
Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment section.

How skin is exposed to pesticides:

• Direct handling of pesticides - this includes any
activity where the pesticide could come into
direct contact with the skin, from spills and
splashes during mixing and handling of the
concentrated pesticide, during equipment
adjustment and from spray drift during
application. The greatest risk occurs when the
chemical concentrate is being handled; extra
protection should be used at that time. The use
of a waterproof apron is highly recommended
when handling all pesticide concentrates,
regardless of toxicity,

• Transfer from contaminated clothing or
equipment - clothing worn during pesticide use
should be restricted to that use only, thereby
eliminating the possibility of continued dermal
exposure due to pesticide residues remaining in
the clothing. Some types of concentrated
pesticides are not removed after multiple
washings. Clothing contaminated by accidental
spills of concentrated pesticide should be
discarded rather than laundered. Avoid entering
the house wearing contaminated clothing and
equipment. Pesticides may be transferred from
boots to floors and carpets where children and
pets may be exposed.

• Transfer to other clothing during washing -
always store and wash pesticide-contaminated
clothing separately from the rest of the family
wash as pesticides can be transferred to other
clothing during the laundering process.

Protective Clothing and
Equipment

Even pesticides not absorbed by the skin may still
cause skin problems such as redness, blisters or dry
scaliness, which may lead to serious skin eczema
and dermatitis. Good personal hygiene is important
to help minimize pesticide absorption through the
skin. Shower, shampoo your hair and put on clean
clothing immediately after you finish using
pesticides for the day or after an accidental spill.
Cuts and scrapes should be cleaned and bandages
changed after handling pesticide to avoid possible
dermal absorption from contaminated bandages.

Eyes

Eyes are very sensitive to pesticides and can be
exposed to vapour or fumes, dust, spray drift, or
accidental spills and splashes when containers of
liquid concentrates are being opened or when the
concentrated chemical is being poured into the
sprayer tank. Do not wear contact lenses when
mixing or applying pesticides.

Ears

Sprays and spills may contaminate the head and
ear canal.

Nose

Pesticides can enter the body through breathing in
fumes, dusts or spray mists. Fumes and extremely
fine particles of dust or spray can be completely
absorbed by the lungs. To minimize exposure,
respirators always should be worn when opening
and mixing all concentrated pesticides. Read the
pesticide label and follow the precautions outlined.
A respirator may be required when applying
pesticides.

Mouth

Pesticides can enter the body through the mouth
when users eat, lick their lips or smoke when hands
are contaminated. Face and hands should be
washed thoroughly prior to eating or smoking.
Children may be poisoned if they drink pesticides
stored in pop bottles. All pesticides must be stored
in their original containers and should be placed in
a locked area out of reach of children.

Extra Protection

Minimum Protection

Extra protection is required for mixing, loading and
handling pesticide concentrates, especially when working
with highly toxic pesticides. Check pesticide label.

A minimum level of protection is required when working
with dilute, less toxic or granular pesticides. Where there
is a direct contact with the pesticide, add extra protection.

Goggles or
face shield

Hard hat

(wide brimmed,
no leather liner}

Respirator

(check label if needed
for less toxic pesticides)

Coveralls

cloth or disposable
(wear closed at neck,
over long-sleeved shirt
and full-length pants)

Gloves

unlined, nitrile or
neoprene (cuff gloves
and wear sleeves over
gloves)

Boots

neoprene overboots or
high rubber boots
(wear pants outside boots)

Hooded coveralls

chemically resistant
(when mixing,
loading or applying
very toxic pesticides
and when application
drenches applicator)

Waterproof apron

(when handling all
concentrated pesticides)

Coveralls

Wear coveralls, closed at the neckline and wrists
and over full-length pants and long-sleeved shirts,
also worn closed at the neckline and wrists.

Minimum protection

• Cloth - if cotton or cotton/polyester coveralls
are worn, they should be washed after daily use.
Some pesticides are difficult to remove from
cloth.

• Disposable, nonwoven - a number of limited
use, disposable, nonwoven, hooded coveralls are
now on the market; instead of laundering, they
are disposed of at an approved landfill and thus,
the problem of decontamination is avoided. Not
all disposables are suitable for pesticide use,
especially for liquid pesticides. Check with your
supplier.

Common disposable brands are Kimberly-Clark
KleenGuard LP (Liquid Protection) and DuPont
Tyvek. Both disposables provide an extra layer of
protection. Check for comfort and size before
purchase. Disposable coveralls are more fragile

than standard ones and are only expected to last
a limited number of wearings.

Extra protection

• DuPont’s Tyvek QC (polyethylene coated Tyvek)
and Tyvek/Saranex (saran coated Tyvek) provide
greater durability and are more repellent to
larger pesticide spills. However, they are more
expensive and must be specially ordered. These
coveralls are uncomfortable when worn for long
periods in hot weather because of heat build-up
and lack of breathability.

• Impermeable rainwear - two styles are available:
coveralls or two-piece suits. They are similar in
price to the more expensive disposable coveralls.
Generally, they are a RVC. (polyvinyl chloride)
coating on nylon. Although excellent in liquid
repellency, they too can be uncomfortable
because they do not breathe and cannot be worn
for long periods in hot weather. After use, they
should be hosed down and washed with soap
and water.

Remember, When Using
Disposable Coveralls . . .

• Before purchasing any disposable coveralls,
make sure they are recommended by the
manufacturer for pesticide use. Avoid
tvearing all-purpose disposables.

• When removing disposable coveralls, take
care not to contaminate the interior if the
coveralls are to be worn more than once.
Between wearings^ hang in a well ventilated
area, away from other clothing.

* Do not launder disposables, but do launder
all clothing worn under disposables, just as
you would other clothing worn during
pesticide use.

* Replace with a new coverall when severe
pilling (balls of fiber on the surface), rips or
holes occur. To discard, place in a plastic
garbage bag and take to an approved
landfill site; do not burn.

Gloves

Unlined gloves are required when handling, mixing
or pouring concentrated pesticides, during field
application and when equipment needs adjusting.
Never use bare hands to do these jobs. Studies
reveal that the greatest exposure is often through
the hands. A variety of glove materials may be
found on the market. Unlined nitrile and neoprene
gloves are suitable for most pesticides. All gloves
should be washed soon after the concentrated
chemical has been mixed as pesticide may
penetrate into the material if it is not cleaned off.
Care should be exercised to avoid contaminating
the interior of gloves when they are taken off and
put on. If possible, wash the outside of the gloved
hands prior to glove removal, to avoid
contaminating the interior. At the end of the day,
both the inside and outside of the glove should be
washed.

Prior to use, inspect gloves and replace immediately
if cracks, swelling, discolouration, holes or rips
develop. Cuff glove and wear sleeves over top of
gloves to help prevent spills and splashes of
pesticides from running down inside the gloves. Do
not continue to wear contaminated gloves and
avoid wearing leather, cloth or natural rubber

gloves as they soak up the chemical and become a
source of continuous contamination.

Boots

Neoprene overboots or long rubber boots are the
recommended footwear as they are less likely to
absorb pesticides and are more easily cleaned. Be
sure to wear the pant leg over the boot to avoid
pesticides running down into the boot. In case of
such an accident, wash the boots out immediately;
otherwise, wash the outside of the boots daily.

Minimum protection

Prevent powders, dusts or spray mists from being
deposited on the hair or scalp by wearing a hard
hat. The hard hat should be washed daily. Avoid the
use of a hard hat with a leather inner band.

Extra protection

Protect hair, scalp, ears and neck from dust, sprays
and spill when you are likely to contaminate the
head area. Wear a wide brimmed hat that covers
the neck or hooded coveralls, with the hood under
the hard hat. Only wear ear plugs if required for
hearing protection. Use disposable ear plugs made
of self-molding foam, and dispose of them after use.

Goggles or face shields

Protect the eyes and face against pesticide vapours,
dust and splashes when handling concentrated
pesticides. Goggles and face shields must have
resistance to chemicals and have ventilation to
prevent fogging. Clean after each day of use and
store away from direct sunlight.

Avoid Wearing

(These materials absorb chemicals and prolong
exposure to the wearer; most are not easily
cleaned).

• fabric baseball caps

• cloth or leather gloves, shoes or boots

• natural rubber or plastic gloves (not
resistant to pesticides)

• leather belts or watch bands

• contact lenses

Respirators

Purchase a respirator recommended for the pesti-
cides used and make sure it fits properly. A good
airtight fit is required over the nose and mouth;
beards and moustaches can prevent a close fit.

Respirators have two cartridges attached onto a
facepiece. Each cartridge contains a pre-filter that
removes dust particles and a filter of activated
charcoal that absorbs the chemical. The cartridges
should be unscrewed and replaced as soon as any
odor of the pesticides is detected in the facepiece.
Clean respirators after each day’s use; unscrew the
cartridges and wash the facepiece with soap and
water. Rinse the facepiece in clean water, dry with a
clean cloth and screw on the cartridges. The clean
respirator should be stored away from direct
sunlight in a sealed plastic bag to prevent cartridges
from absorbing airborne contaminants. Disposable
respirators are also available. Replace as soon as
any pesticide odor is detected. Wash after daily
use - do not get the charcoal filter wet. Store in a
sealed plastic bag. Note: Gauze and dust masks are
not respirators and are not recommended for
pesticide use!

Gas masks

These are used when an applicator is likely to be
exposed to very high levels of pesticides
(fumigants) . The face piece covers the eyes, nose
and mouth. It is connected by a flexible hose to a
charcoal canister worn on the belt. The lifespan of
this canister is longer than that of the respirator
cartridges. Manufacturer’s directions are to be
followed for cleaning and storing gas masks and
canisters.

Minimize Exposure

• wear recommended protective clothing and
safety equipment

• limit cothing worn for pesticide use to that
use only

• wash clothing and equipment daily after use

• replace clothing and equipmetit that is no
longer serviceable

Cleaning of Clothes and
Equipment

Skin can absorb chemicals from inadequately
cleaned clothing and equipment. Safe removal of
pesticide demands special care in handling and
washing contaminated clothes.

Handling pesticide soiled clothing

• handle soiled clothing with unlined, nitrile
gloves

• remove pesticide granules from cuffs and
pockets outdoors

• discard any garment saturated with pesticide
concentrate

• temporarily store clothing in disposable plastic
bags before washing

• take disposables to approved landfill

Washing pesticide soiled clothing

• wash daily

• wash separately from regular laundry

• pre-treat with a stain removal product if an
emulsifiable formulation used, or

• pre-rinse on pre-soak cycle of washer

• avoid overcrowding washer

• use hot water setting

• use full water level and normal cycle

• use extra heavy duty detergent as recommended
for heavily soiled loads

• repeat wash procedure

• clean washer after use (run empty washer
through full cycle with hot water and detergent)

safety

Drying

• line dry to prevent contamination of dryer and
increase the chemical breakdown of pesticide
residues

Washing other equipment

• wash other equipment daily in hot soapy water:
hard hat, goggles, apron, gloves, boots and
respirator (avoid getting charcoal wet; remove if
possible)

Specific Cleaning Procedures for
Pesticides

The standard washing procedure mentioned above
reduces pesticides from contaminated clothing, but
new research is gradually identifying more specific
washing procedures to further reduce the residues
on contaminated clothing or equipment. Note that
each product requires unique washing procedures,
and more testing is required for those that still have
high residues remaining. Refer to the guide below:

Recommendations

1. 18 per cent residue is an unacceptable level. For
better protection, choose a disposable coverall
and discard after use.

2. Soak contaminated clothing in undiluted
limonene for required time. (Examples of this
product are Odor Crush or Citra-Solv.).

3. Pre-treat contaminated clothing before washing,
let soak.

4. Fill 70 L washing machine with warm water
(50°C); add 280 mL of chlorine bleach. Soak for
required time. (Note: loss of strength and
colour results from bleach soak, more so for
cotton than for cotton/polyester blends)

Note: Acceptable levels of residue
remaining - less than 3 per cent.

For further information on protective

clothing for pesticide use, contact the Alberta

Ag-lnfo Centre at 1-866-882-7677.

Product

Suggested washing procedure

% Residue remaining

2,4-D(Amine)

One wash

<1%

2,4-D(Estet)

1/2 hour Limonene soak (2) (degreaser), one wash

18% (1)

Captan

One wash

Chlorpyrifos {Lorsban, Dursban, Pyrinex)

3 hour bleach soak (4), one wash

<1%

Oiazinon

Hot wash (eO'^C) or Spray'n Wash soak, one wash

Iprodione IRovrai)

One wash

Malathion (diluted)

Two washes

Triallate (Avadex)

Spray'n Wash soak (3), two washes

18% (1)

Any concentrated pesticides

Discard

Too high

Source: Ejfective Pesticide Decontamination Procedures for Clothing, Equipment and Spills, Research Project Report,
University of Alberta, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Heritage Grant Program, 1994.

Other Precautions and Safety Tips

Fresh water supply

Always carry a supply of fresh water to clean up
accidental spills and a clean pair of gloves for
equipment adjustments.

Remote control devices

Devices (e.g. solenoid valves) can be installed to
remotely control the sprayer, preferably from
within the tractor cab. These devices can reduce
operator exposure to pesticides.

Tractor cab cleanup

After spraying pesticides, the inside of the tractor
(seat, steering wheel, etc.) can be decontaminated
by wiping with warm soapy water and a sponge.

Tractor cab filters

Charcoal filters are available for fitting onto the
tractor air intake system, to filter out pesticides
from the air entering the tractor cab. The use of
these filters is highly recommended to reduce
pesticide exposure during spraying operations.
Check with tractor manufacturers to determine
which charcoal filter is recommended for your
tractor.

Grazing and Haying Restrictions

Traditionally, pesticides have been registered for
use on crops grown to maturity. Grazing or cutting
of the immature crop for hay has not been
considered as the intended use, so residue
information on the immature plant has not been
requested in the registration process. A grazing or
haying interval is considered in the registration
process only if the green matter is to be fed to
livestock. Consequently, many pesticide labels are
currently silent about grazing, i.e. there is no
statement on the label as to whether or not it is safe
to graze the crop(s) listed on the label prior to
maturity. The absence of this information may lead
producers to assume that since there is no specific
warning with respect to grazing, it is safe to do so.

Present pesticide labelling policy is meant to define
only the acceptable uses of the product. It does not
list or take into account the “do not’s.” Therefore, it
cannot be assumed that if something is not stated
on the label, it is accepted for use. A new accepted
use can only be made through the submission of
relevant data to support that use.

In light of the above, pesticide labels that are silent
on grazing will carry the following statement: “Do
not graze the treated crops or cut for hay; there are
not sufficient data available to support such use.”

Honey bee safety

Bees may be affected by pesticides. Avoid spraying
near hives or contaminating puddles of water from
which bees may drink. Spray early in the morning
or late in the afternoon when bee activity is at a
minimum. Warn beekeepers of your intentions, so
they can confine the bees or move them until
spraying is over.

Farm Safety Program

For further information on farm safety, please
contact the Farm Safety Program of Alberta
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development at
427-4231 or write to 7000 - 113 Street,
Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

Safety Equipment and
Clothing

Protective clothing and equipment is available
from the following:

Local U.F.A. and safety equipment suppliers
Fleck Bros.

1-800-262-9063
Levitt-Safety Limited
1-800-661-3973
Acklands-Grainger Inc.

1-800-661-3950

Safety

First Aid

Poison Information Centres
(Alberta) 1-800-332-1414

(Calgary only) 944-1414 Standard First Aid Measures

The emergency department of most hospitals can
deal with pesticide poisoning. However, the Poison
Centre in Calgary can provide information on
recognizing poisoning symptoms and in giving the
right treatment. It offers a 24-hour toll free service.

Some manufacturers have emergency telephone
numbers to call in case of pesticide poisoning.

BASF Canada

1-800-454-2673

Bayer CropScience

CANUTEC (collect)

1-613-996-6666

Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

1-519-339-3711

DuPont Canada Inc.

1-613-348-3616

Gustafson

CANUTEC (collect)

1-613-996-6666

Monsanto Canada Inc.

1-314-694-1000 or 1-800-332-3111

Nufarm Canada

1-202-483-7616 (collect)

Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

1-800-327-8633

United Agri Products

1-800-561-8273

Before using a pesticide, look for the warning
symbol on the label. This label indicates the toxicity
of the pesticide. If you are severely exposed to a
pesticide and you are alone, do not panic. The
symptoms of the pesticide do not show up
immediately. You will have some time to
decontaminate yourself.

If in eyes

Wash eyes with water at once. Hold the eyelids
open and wash eyes for at least 15 minutes with
fresh water each time. Get help to take you to the
emergency department of the nearest hospital and
take the labelled container with you. Do not use
any eye medication unless prescribed by a doctor.

If on skin

Get any spilled pesticide off your body immediately.
If the pesticide is on your clothes, remove them and
rinse your skin with water. After rinsing, wash the
area with soap and water. Obtain medical attention
if area of contact is large or if irritation persists.

If swallowed

Seek medical attention. Do not induce vomiting
even though label instructions may say so. Health
and Welfare Canada states that inducing vomiting
by a non-trained person can be more hazardous to
the victim than the chemical itself. Get to the
nearest hospital as soon as possible.

Glossary off Terms in Pest Control

Acaricides: Pesticides that kill ticks and mites.

Active ingredient (a.i.) : The concentration of
chemical in a formulated product responsible for
action.

Antagonism: Opposing action of different
chemicals such that the sum of their total effect is less
than the effect if each pesticide were used alone.

Antidote: A first aid treatment to offset the toxic
effect of a pesticide.

Bioassay: Determination of concentration of a
pesticide by comparing its effect on a test organism
with that of a standard preparation.

Carrier: Liquid or solid used to facilitate application
of a pesticide.

Chlorotic: Loss or fading of green colour in foliage.

Contact pesticide: Causes localized injury to plant
tissue, or causes an effect when the pesticide hits the
pest or the pest contacts the treated surface.

Degradation: Breakdown of a pesticide by action of
air, water, sunlight, microbes or other agents.

Desiccant: Chemical use to accelerate drying of
plant tissues.

Efficacy: Effectiveness of chemical on the pest.

Established forage: A forage crop that has gone
through three months of a growing season.

Foliar application: Made to the leaves of plants,
as opposed to soil application.

Formulation: Form in which the manufacturer
prepares a pesticide to facilitate its use: granular,
solution, emulsifiable concentrate, dry flowable, liquid
flowable, wettable powder.

Fumigant: Vapour active chemical used against
pests.

Half-life: Time required to break down 50 per cent
of a pesticide.

Herbicide group: A collection of herbicides that
have the same method of killing the weed.

Incompatibility: Where one pesticide cannot be
satisfactorily mixed with another: mixture may gel,
lose activity, settle out or be phytotoxic.

Inhibit: Prevent or stop a process, e.g. inhibits
photosynthesis.

Mode of action: The specific mechanism through
which a pesticide affects a pest.

Necrosis: Localized death of plant tissue, usually
characterized by browning and desiccation.

Non-cropland: Land not in crop production or not
intended for crop production.

Pesticide group: A number of pesticides that have
the same mode of action.

Photos3mthesis: Process by which green plants use
sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce plant
food.

Phytotoxic: Injurious to a plant.

Plant growth regulators (PGR) : Chemical that
affects the normal growth process of plants.

Preharvest interval (PHI): Time (days) between
the last application of the pesticide and harvest.
Harvest includes cutting (swathing) or grazing; it does
not include combining or baling for hay.

Residual herbicide: Persists in soil, kills regrowth
and/or germinating seedlings over an extended time.

Resistance: A genetic change in a pest population
as a result of selection by a pesticide, which results in
a loss of control.

Synergism: Complementary action of different
pesticides such that the total effect is greater than the
sum of their independent effects.

Systemic pesticide: Able to move in the plant,
insect or other organism from the initial point of
contact.

Weed control: A minimum of 80 per cent reduction
in weed stand and/or growth.

Weed suppression: A minimum of 60 per cent
reduction in weed stand and/or growth.

Herbicide Index

Name Page/s

Chemical Weed Control in Alberta 37

Conservation tillage and herbicides 37

Nitrate poisoning of livestock 37

Weed control in forage crops 37

Herbicide performance ratings 37

Water Used for Spray Application 38

Herbicide and water quality 38

Herbicide Resistance 38

How to identify herbicide resistance 39

How to minimize the development of

resistance 39

Herbicide resistant weeds in Alberta 39

Herbicide Group Classification by
Mode of Action 40

Absolute 43

Accent 45

Achieve Liquid 47

Achieve Liquid Gold 49

AC 299,263 120 AS + 2,4-D Ester LV 700 51

Adrenalin 51

Advance - Cereals 291

Advance - Oilseed, Special Crops and Barley .... 283

Advance lOG 158

Ally Toss-N-Go 53

Amitrol 240 56

amitrole 56

Arsenal 59

Assert 300 61

Assure II 63

Atrazine 65

atrazine 65

Attain 67

Avadex BW 69

Avenge 200-C 73

Badge 84

Banvel II 75

Basagran 79

Basagran Forte 81

bentazon 79,81

bentazon + atrazine 177

Betamix 83

Bonanza - Cereals 291

Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops and Barley .... 283

bromacil 168

bromacil + 2,4-D 86

Name Page/s

bromacil + (Huron 176

bromoxynil 203

bromoxynil + 2,4-D 270

bromoxynil + MCPA 84

bromoxynil/MCPA + sethoxydim 112

bromoxynil + triasulfuron 300

Buctril M 84

Caliber 400 114

Calmix Pellets 86

Casoron 87

Centurion 251

Champion Extra 89

Champion Plus 91

chlorsulfuron 267

clethodim 251

clodinafop propargyl 164

clodinafop propargyl + bromoxynil +

MCPA Ester 166

clodinafop-propargyl + thifensulfuron methyl +

tribenuron methyl 156

clopyralid 182,280

clopyralid + glyphosate 108

clopyralid + MCPA Ester 96

Clovitox Plus 298

Cobutox 600 ...114

Compitox 193

Credit 144

Crossfire 94

Curtail M 96

Desormone - Industrial 123

dicamba 75,304

dicamba + MCPAK-salt 101

dichlobenil 87

Dichlorprop-D 121

Dichlorprop-D - Industrial 123

diclofop methyl 162

diclofop methyl + bromoxynil 160

difenzoquat 73

Diphenoprop BK700 98

Diphenoprop 700 - Industrial 123

diquat 233,237

diuron 172

Diurex 80W 172

Dual II Magnum 99

DyVel 101

DyVel DS 103

Herbicide Index (cont'd)

Name Page/s

2,4-D (Amine/LV Ester) 105

2,4-D (LV Ester) - Industrial 107

2,4-D + dichlorprop 98,123

2.4- D + mecoprop + dicamba 103

2.4- DB 114

Eclipse 108

Edge 110

Elite 112

Embutox 625 114

Eptam 116

EPTC 116,118

Eradicane 8-E 118

Escort 119

Estaprop 121

Estaprop - Industrial 123

ethalfluralin 110

ethametsulfuron methyl 195

ethofumesate 199

Everest 124

Express Pack 127

Express Toss-N-Go 129

Factor 144

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 222

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + fluazifop-p-butyl 142

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + MCPA +

thifensulfuron methyl 293

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + MCPA + 2,4-D +

thifensulfuron methyl 91

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + thifensulfuron methyl +

tribenuron methyl 89

FlaxMax 130

florasulam + 2,4-D 140

florasulam + glyphosate 210

florasulam + MCPA Ester 138

florasulam + MCPA + clopyralid 258

fluazifop-p-butyl 317

flucarbazone sodium 124

fluroxypyr + 2,4-D LV Ester 67

fluroxypyr + clopyralid + MCPA Ester 212

fluroxypyr + MCPA Ester 296

Fortress 133

fosamine 175

Freedom Gold 135

Frontline 138

Frontline 2,4-D 140

Fusion 142

Garlon 4 235

glufosinate ammonium 179

Glyfos 144

glyphosate 144,239,273,306

glyphosate -\- dicamba 250

Name Page/s

Gramoxone 152

Gramoxone PDQ 153

Grazon 155

Harmony Total 156

Heritage 5G 158

hexazinone 314

Hoe-Grass II 160

Hoe-Grass 284 162

Horizon 164

Horizon BTM 166

Hyvar X/X-L 168

imazamethabenz 61

imazamox + imazethapyr 201

imazamox -f- imazethapyr H- clopyralid 43

imazapyr 59

imazethapyr 225

Interprop 121

K-2 170

Karmex DF 172

Kerb 50W 174

Koril 203

Krenite 175

Krovar I 176

Laddok 177

Liberty 150 SN 179

Linuron 480 186

linuron 186

Lontrel 182

Lorox 186

Maverick 144

MCPA (Amine/Ester/K-salts/Na-salts) 189

MCPA -I- mecoprop -I- dicamba 266

MCPB + MCPA 298

Mecoprop 193

mecoprop 193

metolachlor 99

metolachlor -\- atrazine 217

metribuzin 254

metribuzin -\- MCPA Na-salt 205

metsulfuron methyl 53,119

Mextrol 84

MicroActiv 69

Muster 195

Muster Gold II 197

nicosulfuron 45

Nortron 199

Odyssey 201

paraquat 152

paraquat -h diquat 153

Pardner 203

Pea Pack 205

Herbicide Index (cont'd)

Name Page/s

phenmedipham + desmedipham 83

pidoram 271

pidoram + 2,4-D 271

Poast Ultra 206

PrePass 210

Prestige 212

Prevail 214

Primextra II Magnum 217

Princep Nine-T 218

Prism 220

propanil 261

propyzamide 174

Puma^2° Super 222

Pursuit 225

Pursuit Ultra 227

Pyramin 229

pyrazon 229

quizalofop-p-ethyl 63

quizalofop-p-ethyl +

ethametsulfuron methyl 197

Refine Extra 230

Reglone Desiccant 233

Remedy 235

Renegade 144

Reward 237

rimsulfuron 220

Rival - Cereals 291

Rival - Oilseed, Special Crops and Barley 283

Roundup Dry 239

Roundup Original 239

Roundup Transorb 239

Roundup Weather Max 239

Rustler 250

SEE Diphenoprop 121

Select 251

Sencor 254

sethoxydim 206

sethoxydim + dopyralid + MCPA Ester 130

sethoxydim + imazethapyr 227

simazine 218

Spectrum 258

Name Page/s

Stampede EDF 261

sulfosulfuron 263

Sundance 263

Sword 266

Target 266

Telar 267

thifensulfuron methyl + quizalofop-p-ethyl 135

thifensulfuron methyl + tribenuron methyl 230

thifensulfuron methyl + tribenuron methyl +

flucarbazone sodium 170

Thumper 270

Topside 298

Tordon 22K 271

Tordon 101 Mixture 271

Touchdown iQ 273

tralkoxydim 47

tralkoxydim + bromoxynil + MCPA 49

tralkoxydim + dopyralid + MCPA Ester 214

Transline 280

Treflan - Cereals 291

Treflan - Oilseed, Special Crops and Barley 283

triallate 69

triallate + trifluralin 133

tribenuron methyl 127,129

tribenuron methyl + metribuzin 94

tridopyr 235

trifluralin 158,283,291

triflusulfuron methyl 302

Triumph Plus 293

Trophy 296

Tropotox Plus 298

Turboprop 600 121

Turboprop 600 - Industrial 123

Unity 300

UpBeet 302

Vanquish 304

Vantage 306

Vantage Plus 306

Velpar DF 314

VelparL 314

Venture L 317

Chemical Weed Control in
Alberta

Chemical weed control functions on the basis that
certain chemicals are capable of killing some kinds
of plants (weeds) without injury to other kinds
(crops) . As a group, these chemicals are called
herbicides.

Herbicides are effective tools for the control of
weeds, and herbicides demand respect. When
properly used, herbicides can safely and effectively
acconiplish their objective; misused, they can cause
severe economic loss. The misuse of herbicides is
usually due to:

• ignorance of their characteristic activity and/or

• carelessness in their application

Misuse includes such factors as applying improper
dosages; using the wrong herbicide; failure to
properly calibrate application equipment; failure to
wash application equipment thoroughly before
switching herbicides; improper soil incorporation;
timeliness of application, with respect to the growth
stage of crop or weed.

This guide lists the major herbicides registered for
field crop use in Alberta. Refer to product labels
attached to the herbicide containers for final
detailed information.

Conservation tillage and herbicides

Conservation tillage is a general term used to
describe a cropping program in which some or all
of the tillage operations are replaced by using
herbicides to control weed growth while, at the
same time, preventing soil erosion and conserving
soil moisture. The following terminologies are
included under conservation tillage: reduced
tillage, minimum tillage, no-tillage or zero tillage,
direct drilling and chemical fallow.

Herbicides for conservation tillage are listed
below. Rates of application, weeds controlled and
other pertinent information can be found by
referring to each herbicide in this guide.

• 2,4-D or MCPA - To control winter annuals
such as flixweed, shepherd’s-purse and
stinkweed. Application should be made to
emerged weeds prior to freeze-up.

• Heritage - Use in the Brown soil zone only
during the fallow year.

• Gl5^hosate Formulation - Apply any
gl5q)hosate formulation mixed with a non-ionic
surfactant (if required) to actively growing
v/eeds. Can be tank mixed with Banvel;

2,4-D Amine; Pardner.

• Rustler - Controls annual grasses, broadleaf
weeds and volunteer cereals. Can be tank mixed
with 2,4-D.

Nitrate poisoning of livestock

Nitrate accumulations may be caused by leaf
damage from frost, hail or herbicide action.
Symptoms of nitrate poisoning include reduced
milk production and growth rate, abortions and in
severe cases, death by suffocation. A veterinarian
should be called immediately if livestock show
unusual symptoms when they are fed forages that
may contain nitrates.

After severe frost, hail or herbicide damage, the
nutrient value of the crop will decrease rapidly. In
terms of nutrition, it is important to harvest as soon
as practical; however, in the case of herbicide
treated crops, there may be a waiting period
specified on the herbicide label. Especially in the
case of high risk crops, such as oats or corn, a delay
may be advisable to permit nitrate levels to
decrease. If there is a possibility of high nitrates in
feed, have the feed analysed at a feed testing
laboratory.

Weed control in forage crops

Make sure all forages, as well as any companion
crops, present in the stand are listed for the
intended use on the herbicide label. Follow the
label directions on the herbicide container closely,
especially for stage of crop and weed development,
water volume, grazing and feeding restrictions.

Herbicide performance ratings

Herbicide performance ratings (numbers in
brackets after the names of crops or weeds) are
based on data from the Expert Committee on
Weeds (Western Section) Research Reports. These
numbers are not absolute and, therefore, not a
guarantee of expected performance. They are
meant to be used as as guide when selecting a
herbicide. When a number is not included, there is
not sufficient data to provide a rating.

Herbicides

Tolerance of crop to herbicides

The number appearing in brackets following the
crop on which each herbicide is registered
represents the expected tolerance of the crop to
that herbicide. Due to variations in variety, weather,
timing and application techniques, this number is
only approximate. 0 = complete kill of the crop and
9 = no measurable injury to the crop.

Level of weed control with each herbicide

The number appearing in brackets after each weed
represents the average level of weed control
expected with the herbicide. Due to variation in
weather, growth stage, time of day, application
technique, etc., this number is only approximate.

0 = no control of the weed and 9.0 = complete kill
of the weed. A weed control rating of 7.0 or greater
is considered commercially acceptable.

Water Used for Spray Application

which result in ‘hard’ water, and excessive sodium
bicarbonate, which results in ‘soft’ water.
Mineralized water is most commonly a problem
when well-water is used. When efficacy decreases,
it is most apparent on hard to control weeds and is
easily confused with late application, poor growing
conditions or reduced herbicides rates.

The pH of water or water temperature can affect
the ability of some herbicides to stay dissolved in
the spray solution. To avoid these problems, the
manufacturer will suggest a specific order to add
surfactant or mixtures of products. For example, to
mix the herbicide Horizon, the herbicide is added
first, followed by the surfactant. Score, and all
mixing is done under agitation. Follow label
recommendations for mixing. Products cannot work
unless they are dissolved or miscible (capable of
being mixed) in the water. Also, if products are not
in solution they can form a sludge in the spray tank
and block nozzles.

The quality of water used can affect the efficacy of
some herbicides. Water quality includes the
cleanliness (silt, organic matter and soil), the
hardness or softness of the water and the water pH.

Some herbicides, including Roundup/Touchdown,
adsorb to silt and become inactivated. This causes a
decrease in herbicidal activity. Silty water is usually
a problem where surface water is being used.

Other herbicides, including 2,4-D Amine and
several Group 1 herbicides have reduced efficacy
when applied in mineralized water. Minerals
include both calcium and magnesium sulfates.

It is best to avoid using poor quality water if
possible; however, the following remedies can limit
the loss of herbicidal activity.

Herbicide Resistance

Herbicide resistance is an issue of increasing
concern in Alberta. Since the first documented case
of chickweed resistance in the mid 1980’s, the
number of herbicide resistant weeds and the area
infested by them continue to increase. At present in
Alberta, more than 10 weed biotypes are resistant
to chemicals from six herbicide groups. In addition.

Herbicide

2,4-D Amine*

Achieve (tralkoxydim)
Poast (sethoxydim)
Roundup/Touchdown

Roundup/Teuchdown
Select (clethodim)

Herbicide
Quality concern

Mineralized water
Mineralized water
Mineralized water
Mineralized water

Silty or dirty water
Mineralized water

Water Quatity
Remedy

Use a non-ionic surfactant like Agral 90
Add ammonium sulfate (1% v/v)

Add ammonium sulfate (1% v/v)

Add ammonium sulfate fertilizer
3 kg/1 00 L application solution
Filter water or use clean water
Add ammonium sulfate {1% v/v)

* Note: 2,4-D Ester formulation is not affected.

Information primarily derived from F. A. Holm, J. L. Henry, D. W. Gruber and R McMullan, 1995 Water quality effects
on phenoxy and ACCase inhibiting herbicides. Proceedings of the Weed Research/Symposium, University of Alberta.

some of these resistant weeds are resistant to more
than one herbicide group (see table below). It is
essential that producers be able to identify these
resistant weeds and take action to minimize or
prevent the development of resistance on their
farms.

How to identify herbicide resistance

Investigate all areas of the sprayed field where
weed control did not occur. Rule out other factors
that might have affected herbicide performance
including mis-application, spray misses,
unfavorable weather conditions, herbicide
application at an improper leaf stage and weed
flushes after application. If resistance remains a
likely possibility, check for the following:

• Are other weeds listed on the product label
controlled satisfactorily?

• Is herbicide failure patchy with no reasonable
explanation?

• Did the same herbicide or herbicide group fail in
this area of the field in the previous year?

• Do weeds show herbicide injury symptoms such
as root pruning by a Group 3 herbicide or
yellow/purple coloration caused by Group 2
applications. Resistant weed biotypes will not
show these typical injury symptoms.

• Do field histories indicate extensive use of the
same herbicide (or herbicide group) year after
year?

How to minimize the development of
resistance

Follow the guidelines below to delay the
appearance of resistance:

• Integrated pest management practices -

use herbicides as part of an integrated control
program that includes scouting, historical
information related to herbicide use and crop
rotation, and consider mechanical, cultural,
biological and other control practices.

• Herbicide and crop rotations - herbicides
must be rotated. It is important not only to use a
different herbicide, but to use one from a
different herbicide group with a different mode
of action.

• Field history - records are needed to make
sensible decisions on herbicide rotation and to
evaluate the probability of resistance developing.
A pesticide application record sheet can be
found at the back of this book.

• Tank mixture - a tank mix may delay the
appearance of resistant weeds if the components
of the tank mixture control the same weed by a
different mode of action.

• Monitor results - Monitor treated weed
populations for resistance development.

• Preventive measures - prevent the
movement of resistant weed seeds to other fields
by cleaning harvesting and tillage equipment as
well as planting clean seed.

If resistance is suspected, contact your local
extension office, weed specialist or the appropriate
chemical company to follow up on the problem.

Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Aiberta

Herbicide group Weeds

Group 1

Green foxtail, wild oats

Group 2

Ball mustard, chickweed, cleavers, hemp-nettle, kochia, Russian thistle.

spiny annual sow-thistle, stinkweed, wild mustard, wild oats

Group 3

Green foxtail

Group 4

Hemp-nettle

Group 8

Wild oats

Group 1 +2 + 25 {multiple resistance!

Wild oats

Group 1 +2 + 8 + 25 (multiple resistance)

Wild oats

Group 1 + 3 (multiple resistance)

Green foxtail

Group 2 + 4 (multiple resistance)

Cleavers

Herbicides

Herbicide Group Classification by Mode of Action I

Mode of action

Chemical family

Active ingredients

Found in*

Group 1

Inhibitors of acetyl CoA

Aryloxyphenoxy

clodinafop propargyl

Harmony Total, Horizon, Horizon BTM

carboxylase ACCase.

propionate

diclofop methyl

Hoe-Grass 284, Hoe-Grass 11

These chemicals block
an enzyme called

(Fop)

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl

Champion Extra, Champion Plus, Fusion,
Puma’® Super, Triumph Plus

ACCase. This enzyme

fluazifop-p-butyl

Fusion, Venture L

helps the formation of
lipids in the roots of

quizalofop-p-ethyl

Assure 11, Freedom Gold, Muster Gold 11

grass plants. Without

Cyclohexanediones

clethodim

Centurion, Select

lipids, susceptible

(Dim)

sethoxydim

Elite, FlaxMax, Poast Ultra, Pursuit Ultra

weeds die.

tratkoxydim

Achieve Liquid, Achieve Liquid Gold,
Prevail

Group 2

ALS/AHAS inhibitors.

Imidazolinones

AC 299,263 120 AS

Adrenalin

These chemicals block

imazamethabenz

Assert 300

the normal function

imazaraox + imazethapyr

Absolute, Odyssey

of an enzyme called

imazapyr

Arsenal

acetolactate (ALS)
actohydroxy acid

imazethapyr

Pursuit, Pursuit Ultra

(AHAS). This enzyme
is essential in amino
acid (protein) synthesis.

Sulfonytamino-

carbonyltriazolinones

flucarbazdne sodium

Everest K2

Without proteins, plants

Sutfonytureas

chtorsulfuron

Telar

starve to death.

ethametsulfuron methyl
florasulam

metsulfuron methyl

nicosuifuron

rimsulfuron

sulfosulfuron

thif ensulf uron methyl

triasulfuron
tribenuron methyl

triflusulfuron methyl

Muster, Muster Gold 11
Frontline, Frontline 2,4-0, PrePass,
Spectrum

Ally Toss-N-Go, Escort

Accent

Prism

Sundance

Champion Extra, Champion Plus,
Freedom Gold, Harmony Total, K2
Refine Extra, Triumph Plus
Unity

Champion Extra, Crossfire,

Express Pack, Express Toss-N-Go,
Harmony Total , K2, Refine Extra
UpBeet

Group 3

Microtubule assembly

Dinitroanilines

ethalfturalin

Edge

inhibitors. These
chemicals inhibit the
celt division in roots.

trifluralin

Advance 10G, Bonanza, Fortress,
Heritage 5G, Rival, Treflan

(continued)

Herbicide Group Classification by Mode of Action

Mode of action
tup 4

Chemicat family

Active ingredients

Found in*

Synthetic auxins. These
chemicals disrupt plant
cell growth in the

Benzoic acids

dicamba

Banvel 11, DyVel, DyVel DS, Rustler,
Sword, Target, Vanquish

newly forming stems
and leaves; they affect
protein synthesis and

Carboxylic acids

clopyralid

Absolute, Curtail M, Eclipse, Lontret,
FlaxMax, Prestige, Prevail, Spectrum,
Transline

normal cell division.

fiuroxypyr

Attain, Prestige, Trophy

leading to malformed

picloram

Grazon, Tordon 22K, Tordon 101 Mixture

growth and tumors.

triclopyr

Garlon 4, Remedy

Phenoxy

2,4-D

2,4-D, Adrenalin, Attain, Calmix Pellets,

dichlorprop (2,4-DP)

2,4-DB

MCPA

MCPB

mecoprop (MCPP)

Champion Plus, Desormone,
Dichlorprop-D, Diphenoprop 700,
Diphenoprop BK700, DyVe) DS,
istaprop, Frontline 2,4-D, Grazon,
Interprop, SEE Diphenoprop, Thumper,
Tordon 10T Mixture, Turboprop 600
Desormone, Dichlorprop-D,

Diphenoprop 700, Diphenoprop BK700,
Estaprop, Interprop, SEE Diphenoprop,
Turboprop 600

2,4-DB, Caliber 400, Cobutox 600,
Embutox 625

Achieve Liquid Gold, Badge, Buctril M,
Champion Plus, Clovitox Plus, Curtail M,
OyVel, Elite, FlaxMax, Frontline,

Horizon BTM, MCPA, Mextrol,

Pea Pack, Prestige, Prevail, Spectrum,
Sword, Target, Topside, Triumph Plus,
Trophy, Tropotox Plus
Clovitox Plus, Topside, Tropotox Plus
Compitox, DyVel DS, Mecoprop, Sword,
Target

Group 6

Photosynthetic inhibitors
at Photosystem 11,

Phenyl carbamates

desmedipham

phenmedipham

Betamix

Site A. These

chemicals interfere

Triazines

atrazine

Atrazine, Laddok, Primextra H Magnum
Princep Nine-T

with photosynthesis
and disrupt plant

simazin©

growth, ultimately

Triazinones

hexazinone

Velpar DF, Velpar L

leading to death.

metribuzin

Crossfire, Pea Pack, Sencor

pyrazon

Pyramin

Uracils

bromacil

Calmix Pellets, Hyvar XA-L, Krovar 1

{continued}

Herbicides

Herbicide Group Classification by Mode of Action

Mode of action

Cbomical bmily

Active ingredioftts

Found in*

Group 6

Photosynthetic
inhibitors at

BenzthiadiaEoles

bentazon

Basagran, Basagran Forte, Laddok

Photosystem fl. Site II.

Nitriles

bromoxynil

Achieve Liquid Gold, Badge, Buctril M,

Elite, Hoe-Grass H, Horizon BTM, Koril
Mextrol, Pardner, Thumper, Unity

Group 7

Photosynthetic
inhibitors at

Amides

propanil

Stampede EDF

Photosystem If, Site B.

Ureas

diuron

Divrex SOW, Karmex DF, Krovar 1

linuron

Linuron 480, Lorox

Group 8

Lipid synthesis

Thiocarbamates

EPTC

Eptam, Eradicane 8-E

inhibitors (not ACCase
inhibition). These

triallate

Avadex BW, Fortess, MicroActiv

chemicals inhibit the
cell division and
elongation in the
seedling shoots before
they emerge above
ground.

Unknown

difenzoquat

Avenge 200-C

Group 9

Inhibitors of EPSP

None

glyphosate

Credit, Eclipse, Factor, Glyfos, Maverick,

synthesis. These

PrePass, Renegade, Roundup Dry,

chemicals inhibit the

Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb,

amino-acid synthesis.

Roundup Weather Max, Rustler,
Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus

Group 10

Inhibitors of glutamine
synthetase.

None

glufosinate ammonium

Liberty 150 SN

Group 11

These chemicals
inhibit the carotenoids
biosynthesis.

Triazole

amitrole

Amitroi 240

Group 15

Inhibitors of cell growth

Chloroacetamides

metolachlor

Dual 11 Magnum, Primextra H Magnum

and division.

propyzamide

Kerb SOW

Group 22

Cell membrane Bipyridyliums diquat Gramoxone PDQ, Reglone Desiccant,

disrupters. Chemicals Reward

that disrupt the internal paraquat Gramoxone, Gramoxone PDQ

cell membrane and

prevent the cells from

manufacturing food.

* A herbicide may appear in more than one group if it contains more than one active ingredient.

Absolute (imazamox + imazethapyr + clopyralid)

Groups 2,4

Manufacturer; BASF Canada

1. Formulations: Odyssey: Water dispersible granule 70% (imazamox 35% + imazethapyr 35%),

4 X 86.5 g bags per jug, 2 jugs per case, water soluble bags; Lontrel: Liquid 360 g/L (clopyralid),
2 X 3.4 L jugs; Merge: 1 x 8.1 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactants: Merge.

Mixing instructions: Use a 50 mesh (or coarser) filter screen. Fill sprayer tank with 3/4 the amount of
clean water, start agitation and continue throughout the entire mixing and spra5dng procedure. Add the
required amount of Odyssey directly into the sprayer tank opening. Agitate for at least 10 minutes to
dissolve herbicide. Add the required amount of Merge. Continue filling and add Lontrel. Finish filling the
tank to the desired level with water.

3. Crops: Clearfield canola.

4. Weeds Controlled:

alsike clover
barnyard grass
Canada thistle
chickweed
cleavers

common groundsel
flixweed
green foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed:

6. When Used:

hemp-nettle
perennial sow thistle
Persian darnel
redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
scentless chamomile
shepherd's purse
smartweed

[ia, lamb’s quarters.

stinkweed
stork's bill
tufted vetch
volunteer alfalfa
volunteer barley
volunteer canola (non-
CLEARFIELD varieties)

volunteer mustard
volunteer oats
volunteer wheat
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats

Crop stage: CLEARFIELD Canola: All soil zones, 2 - 6 leaf stage.

Weed stage:

Grassy weeds: 1 - 4 true leaf stage up to early tillering.

Broadleaf weeds: Cotyledon to the 4 leaf stage. Canada thistle: rosette to pre-bud stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only.

Rate: Odyssey: 17 g/ac. Lontrel: 170 mL/ac. Merge: 0.5% v/v (e.g. 5 L/1,000 L spray solution).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: 50 mesh screens (or coarser). Flat fan recommended, tilted 45 degrees forward for better
penetration.

8. Application Tips: Water-soluble bags of Odyssey will dissolve better when kept intact; do not split bags. If
agitation is stopped for more than 5 minutes, resuspend spray solution by full agitation prior to commencing
spraying again. Do not spray if freezing temperatures are forecast. Treat CLEARFIELD canola during warm
weather when weeds are actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for rapid growth. Under cool or dry
conditions, control of Canada thistle may be severely reduced. Sow-thistle plants emerging after spraying
will not be controlled.

Absolute (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Odyssey is absorbed by foliage and roots and disrupts plant metabolism, causing growth to
stop. Lontrel is a systemic hormone-type herbicide. It is absorbed by leaves and stem surfaces and is readily
translocated. Maximum efficacy results from foliar applications to young, actively growing plants.

1 0. Expected Results: Odyssey: Susceptible weeds may stop growing within 24 - 48 hours. Yellow striping and
purplish or reddish discolouration of the leaves may occur. Leaves begin to die in 3 - 10 days, starting with
the youngest and moving to the older leaves. Death of the plant may occur in 1 - 3 weeks. Lontrel symptoms
on affected plants include swollen growing points and roots, cupping of leaves, twisted and distorted stem.
Plants will gradually stop growing and will change colour, first to dark green and then to yellow before
turing brown as they die. Maximum effectiveness results from foliar application to young, actively growing
plants. Death of weeds may not occur until 14 - 21 days after application. On Canada thistle, some re-growth
may occur by the end of the season, but this will not interfere with harvesting of the crop.

11. Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 4 - 6 hours is recommended.

12. Movement in Soil: The Odyssey components are not leached appreciably. Lontrel is somewhat soluble in
water and is somewhat mobile in soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Small amount of drift may damage sensitive plants such as legumes.

Minimum interval to harvest: 60 days.

Succeeding crops: Barley, CLEARFIELD canola, canary seed, durum wheat, oats and spring wheat can be
grown safely the year following an application. Flax, lentils, peas and non-CLEARFIELD canola can be grown
in the second year after an Absolute application (e.g. if Absolute was applied in 2002 then non-CLEARFIELD
canola can be planted in 2004). For other crops call BASF at 1-877-371-2273. Conduct a field bioassay
(a test strip grown to maturity) the year before growing any crops other than those listed above. In case of
crop failure, replant to CLEARFIELD canola only.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crops or cut for hay; there are insufficient data to support
such use. Apply Absolute only once per year.

14. Toxicity: Odyssey: low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. Not toxic to birds,
fish or beneficial insects such as bees. Lontrel: very low acute mammalian toxicity.

Acute oral LC^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg. Acute oral LD^^ (bees) 100 ^ag/bees. Extremely low toxicity to fish.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Flammable. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls,
brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for
further information) . Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Odyssey: store at temperatures above 5°C, Keep unused water soluble bags in resealed, original
containers. Keep package dry at all times. Lontrel: store away from food, feed stuff, fertilizer and pesticides.
Store in a heated storage, away from open flames or sparks. If frozen, warm slowly to room temperature and
mix thoroughly before use.

17. Resistance Management: Absolute is both a Group 2 and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Absolute and other Group 2 and 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Accent (nicosulfuron)

Group 2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada tnc.

1. Formulations: Dry flowable 75%; Toss-N-Go 133.6 g (4 x 33.4 g) water soluble pouches.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactants; Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Citowett Plus.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill clean tank 1/4 full with clean water.

2. Turn on full agitation.

3. Add the proper amount of Accent to the water in the spray tank with the agitator running. Maintain full
agitation until water soluble bags are completely dissolved and product is fully dispersed. Continuous
agitation is required to keep the product in suspension.

4. After Accent has been well mixed and is in suspension, add a recommended non-ionic surfactant.

5. Add the remainder of the water.

On repeat tank loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the tank from the previous load is less
than 10% of the volume to be mixed.

3. Crops: Field corn.

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass green foxtail quackgrass

fall panicum old witchgrass wild oats

5. Weeds Suppressed: Yellow foxtail.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply when the corn is between 1 - 8 leaf stage (6 visible collars). The coleoptile (short, blunt
leaf) is counted as the first leaf.

Weed stage: Wild oats: 3 - 6 leaf stage. Barnyard grass, fall panicum, green foxtail, old witch grass, yellow
foxtail: 1 - 6 leaves (maximum 2 tillers). Quackgrass: 3 - 6 leaves (10 - 20 cm in height, leaf ear extended).

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 13.5 g/ac.

Surfactant: 2 L/ 1,000 L of spray solution.

Water volume: 40 L/ac (minimum).

Pressure; 175 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan types. 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid subsequent injury to desirable crops, thoroughly clean all mixing and spray
equipment immediately after spraying as follows:

1 . Drain tank, thoroughly hose down the interior surfaces of the tank, then flush tank, boom and hoses with
clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes.

2. Fill the tank with clean water while adding 1 litre of household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) for every 100 litres of water. Flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with the cleaning solution
and then add more water to completely fill the tank. Circulate the cleaning solution through the tank and
hoses for at least 15 minutes. Again flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with the cleaning solution and
then drain the tank.

irbicides

Herbicides

Accent (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens, and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing the water through the
hoses and boom.

6. Prior to using the sprayer for the next application, flush the tank, boom and hoses for 5 minutes with
fresh water.

Application Tips: Do not tank mix Accent with any organophosphate insecticide. Do not apply a foliar
organophosphate insecticide within 7 days before or after applying Accent. When corn is injured by frost,
wait 48 - 72 hours before applying Accent. Stress conditions after application may also result in injury or
poor weed control.

How it Works: Accent is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed by the foliage and translocated to the growing
points of the plant. Growth of susceptible plants stops shortly after application. Accent rapidly stops the
growth of susceptible species; typical symptoms usually appear within 5 - 7 days, but may not be noticeable
for 2 - 3 weeks after application, depending on the prevailing growing conditions.

Expected Results: Typical injury symptoms include yellowing, purpling and reddening of the newest leaves
and usually appear within 5 - 7 days, but may not be noticeable for 2 - 3 weeks after application, depending
upon the prevailing growing conditions. Eventually the entire plant discolours and dies. Poor weed control
or crop injury may result from applications made to plants under stress from abnormally hot or cold
weather; environmental conditions such as drought, water-saturated soils, hail damage or frost; disease,
insect or nematode injury; prior herbicide or carryover from a previous year’s herbicide application.

Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 - 4 hours after application may reduce weed control.

Movement in Soil: None.

Cropping Restrictions: Corn and spring cereals (including wheat and barley) crops may be planted the year
following Accent application. For all other crops including sugarbeets, a field bioassay is recommended
before planting. Do not plant sugarbeet until a field bioassay indicates it is Safe to do so.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crops or cut for hay.

Pre-harvest interval: Do not apply with 30 days of harvest.

Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Store in a dry place. Keep water soluble bags away from moisture.

Resistance Management: Accent is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Accent and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant bio types may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Achieve Liquid (tralkoxydim)

Group!

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

Achieve Liquid: 400 g/L, 1x8 L jug, 8 L Turbocharge, 1.6 L SC conditioner.

2. Registered Mixes: Attain, Buctril M, Buctril M + Decis, Buctril M + MCPA Ester, Calibre, Combutox,
Curtail M, Diclorprop + 2,4-D (Estaprop, Diphenoprop 600, SEE Diphenoprop, Turboprop), 2,4-DB,

2,4-D Ester, Embutox, Lontrel + MCPA Ester, MCPA Ester, Matador, Pardner, Partner + Decis, Prestige,
Thumper.

Mixing restrictions: Not compatible with sulfonylureas (group 2 products) and amine formulations of
2,4-D or MCPA. Tank mixing with unregistered tank mixes may lead to poor weed control and/or
unacceptable crop injury.

Mixing instructions: Recommended mixing order: Achieve Liquid, followed by tank mix partner. Always
add Turbocharge adjuvant last.

3. Crops: Barley (all 2 and 6 row varieties) (8.9), fall rye, spring rye, spring wheat (all varieties, including
durum) (8.9), timothy (grown for hay or seed production), triticale, winter wheat (8.9).

Cereal crops underseeded to forage legumes (alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil, clover, sainfoin) .

Underseeding: Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil, clovers, sainfoin; when not tank mixed with a broadleaf
herbicide. Do not feed or graze forage crops in year of treatment.

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass (8.0), green foxtail (8.3), Persian darnel (8.0), yellow foxtail,
volunteer oats (8.3), wild oats (8.3).

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley (all 2 and 6 row barley varieties), fall rye, spring wheat (including durum), winter
wheat, triticale, forage grasses (except Timothy) and legumes (listed above) : no restriction in terms of leaf
staging.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass: 1 - 4 leaf stage. Persian darnel: 1 - 4 leaf stage, (Zadoks growth stage of
11 - 14). Green and yellow foxtail: 1 - 5 leaf stage (up to emergence of second tiller), Zadoks growth stage
of 11, 20 - 14, 21. Wild oats and volunteer oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage of growth (up to emergence of third tiller),
Zadoks growth stage of 11, 20 - 14, 21.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground and aerial equipment.

Aerial equipment: Do not apply if the wind is more than 13 km/h. This approach will avoid spray drift
onto non-target areas. Do not apply within 50 m of non-crop areas, which includes fish-bearing
waters, wetlands (potholes, sloughs, etc.) and wildlife habitat (hedgerows, rights-of-way, etc.). Do not
spray Achieve if tame oats are present in adjacent, downwind fields.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. 50 mesh or larger screens.

Pressure: 275 kPa (ground), 140 - 275 kPa (aerial).

Rate: 200 mL/ac.

Surfactant: 0.5% v/v or 1 L/200 L of spray solution.

Water volume: Ground: 20 - 40 L/ac. Air: 12-18 L/ac.

Hard water: Always add ammonium sulfate first at 0.75 - 1.5 kg/100 L (7.5 - 15 lb/100 gallons) of water
when water analysis indicates bicarbonate (BCO3) ion levels are 400 ppm or greater.

^rbicides

Achieve Liquid (cont'd)

Mixing instructions:

1. Add Achieve Liquid herbicide to the spray tank. Only use sprayers in good running condition with high
agitation. Ensure the sprayer and pre-mix tank is cleaned according to instructions on label of the product
used prior to Achieve Liquid herbicide. Use only clean water for the spray solution. Ensure that all in-line
strainer and nozzle screens in the sprayer are 50 mesh or coarser.

2. Begin to fill sprayer tank or pre-mix tank with clean water, and engage agitator. Agitation must be
continued throughout the entire mixing and spraying procedure.

3. When the sprayer or pre-mix tank is three quarters full of water, add SC conditioner with ammonium
sulfate first and then Achieve Liquid. If more than 1 case of Achieve Liquid is to be used, add the Achieve
Liquid from all cases prior to adding tank mixed products or Turbocharge.

4. If tank mixing, add the recommended product(s) next.

5. Lastly, add Turbocharge, and then continue to fill tank to desired level with water.

8. Application Tips:

Weed control: Optimum weed control is obtained by applying herbicides when targeted weeds are actively
growing. Applying herbicides under stressful conditions (drought, heat, frost, poor soil fertility, flooding or
prolonged cool temperature) may delay or reduce weed control.

Crop safety: Applications of Achieve Liquid to non-tillered crops exposed to 4°C temperatures before or
after spraying should be avoided to prevent the possibility of crop injury. Tillered cereal crops may incur
injury if Achieve Liquid is sprayed within 48 hours of freezing temperatures.

Sequential applications: Always apply Achieve Liquid first and allow 5 - 7 days before applying any
other non-registered tank mix herbicide. This is especially critical for sulfonylureas (group 2 products).

9. How it Works: Achieve Liquid is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed through the leaves and translocated
to the growing points within the plant where it inhibits an enzyme involved in lipid biosynthesis. Thorough
coverage of the foliage is important for consistent grass control.

10. Expected Results: Grass growth stops in 48 hours. Young shoots turn brown in 7 - 8 days. Complete death
of plant will take 2 - 3 weeks.

11. Effects of Rainfall: No effect 1 hour after application.

12. Movement in Soil: No soil movement. This product will not leach in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Immature cereal crops may be grazed, harvested or cut for hay 16 days after
treatment. Mature straw may be fed to livestock. Do not feed or graze underseeded forage crops in the year
of treatment.

Other restrictions: Pre-harvest interval is 60 days.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before use.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep packages dry at all times. Product is not affected by freezing.

17. Resistance Management: Achieve Liquid is a Group 1 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Achieve Liquid and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biot)qDes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Achieve Liquid Goid

(tralkoxydim + bromoxynil + MCPA)

Group 1,6,4

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Achieve Liquid: suspension concentrate 400 g/L; 1 x 4 L.

2. Buctril M: emulsifiable concentrate 280 g/L bromoxynil + 280 g/L MCPA; 1 x 8 L.

3. Turbocharge: 1x4 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Achieve Liquid: MCPA Ester, Decis.

Mixing instructions: Recommended mixing order: Add ammonium sulfate first before Achieve Liquid,
followed by Buctril M and tank mix. Always add Turbocharge adjuvant last.

3. Crops: Barley (all 2 and 6 row varieties) (8.9), fall rye, spring rye, spring wheat (all varieties, including
durum) (8.9), winter wheat (8.9).

4. Weeds Controlled:

American nightshade
ball mustard
barnyard grass (8.0)
bluebur
cocklebur

common buckwheat
common groundsel
common ragweed
cow cockle (7.8)

flixweed (5.7)
green foxtail (8.3)
green smartweed
kochia (6.7)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.6)
night-flowering catchfly (7.8)
pale smartweed (8.2)

Persian darnel (8.0)
redroot pigweed (7.9)
Russian thistle (7.1)
scentless chamomile (7.2)
shepherd's-purse (6.0)
stinkweed (8.9)
tartary buckwheat (8.5)
volunteer oats

volunteer rapeseed (8.7)
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (8.1)
wild mustard (8.4)
wild oats (8.3)
wild tomato
wormseed mustard
yellow foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (4.9), perennial sow-thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley (all 2 and 6 row barley varieties), fall rye, spring wheat (including durum), winter
wheat: 2 leaf to early flag leaf.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass: 1 - 4 leaf stage. Persian darnel: 1 - 4 leaf stage, (Zadoks growth stage of
11-14). Green foxtail: 1 - 5 leaf stage (up to emergence of second tiller), Zadoks growth stage of
11, 20 - 14, 21. Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage of growth (up to emergence of third tiller).

Broadleaf weeds: Up to 4 leaf stage: American nightshade, ball mustard, bluebur, cocklebur, cow
cockle^ flixweed, green smartweed, kochia^, lady’s thumb, night-flowering catchfly redroot pigweed, pale
smartweed, Russian thistle^, scentless chamomile^, shepherd’s-purse, volunteer canola, volunteer sunflower.
Up to 6 leaf stage: Wild tomato. Up to 8 leaf stage: Common buckwheat, common groundsel,
common ragweed, lamb’s-quarters, stinkweed, tartary buckwheat, wild buckwheat, wild mustard,
wormseed mustard.

^ In normal conditions, cow cockle will be controlled up to the 4 leaf stage. Plants beyond this stage are unlikely to be
controlled.

^ Spray before plants are 5 cm high.

^ Spring annuals only.

Achieve Liquid Gold (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground and aerial equipment.

Aerial equipment: Do not apply or Achieve Liquid Gold if the wind is more than
13 km/h. This approach will avoid spray drift onto non-target areas. Do not apply within 50 m of
non-crop areas, which includes fish-bearing waters, wetlands (potholes, sloughs, etc.) and wildlife habitat
(hedgerows, rights-of-way, etc.). Do not spray Achieve Liquid Gold if tame oats are present in adjacent,
downwind fields.

Ground equipment: Nozzle may be angled at 45° to enhance penetration of Achieve into crop canopy
and provide better coverage. Do not apply within 15 m of non-crop areas.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. 50 mesh or larger screens.

Pressure: 275 kPa (ground), 137 - 275 kPa (aerial).

Rate:

Water voiame Rate Aftjuvant rate

Product (L/ac) Achieve Buctrit M Turbocharge

Achieve Liquid Gold 20 - 40 (ground) 200 ml/ac 400 ml/ac 0.50% v/v or t L/200 L

12 -18 (air)

Hard water: Add ammonium sulfate at 0.75 - 1.5 kg/100 L (7.5 - 15 lb/100 gallons) of water when water
analysis indicates bicarbonate (BCO3) ion levels are 400 ppm or greater.

Mixing instructions:

1. Use Achieve Liquid Gold in previously cleaned sprayers with good agitation. Agitation should be used
throughout mixing.

2. Fill sprayer tank with 3/4 of the required volume of clean water. If water has bicarbonate ion
levels of 400 ppm or greater add ammonium sulfate at a rate of 0.9 - 1.8 kg per 100 L of
water.

3. Add the Achieve Liquid required to the spray solution.

4. Add the Buctril M followed by the tank mix partner (if desired).

5. Add the Turbocharge adjuvant, and complete filling the sprayer tank with water to the desired final water
volume.

Note: Achieve Liquid Gold must be sprayed within the same day of mixing.

8. Application Tips:

Crop safety: Applications of Achieve Liquid Gold to non-tillered crops exposed to 4°C temperatures before
or after spraying should be avoided to prevent the possibility of crop injury. Tillered cereal crops may incur
injury if Achieve Liquid Gold is sprayed within 48 hours of freezing temperatures.

9. How it Works: Achieve is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed through the leaves and translocated to the
growing points within the plant where it starts killing the susceptible grasses. Thorough coverage of the
foliage is important for consistent grass control. Buctril M contains two components, bromoxynil and MCPA.
Bromox3mil is a contact herbicide inhibiting respiration and photosynthesis of the susceptible weeds.
MCPA is a systemic herbicide absorbed through foliage and roots and is readily translocated to the actively
growing regions of the plant.

10. Expected Results: Grassy weeds: growth stops in 48 hours. Young shoots turn brown in 7 - 8 days.

Complete death of plant will take 2 - 3 weeks. Broadleaf weeds: small burnt spots on the leaf can appear
within hours; death takes up to two weeks. Poor results may be expected as a result of poor coverage or poor
penetration through canopy.

Achieve Liquid Gold (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect l hour after application.

12. Movement in Soil: Achieve: no soil movement. This product will not leach in the soil. Buctril M: readily
leached from the soil. Longer residual in dry soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Immature crops may be grazed or cut for hay 30 days after treatment. Mature straw
may be fed to livestock. Do not feed or graze underseeded forage crops in the year of treatment.

Other restrictions: Pre-harvest interval is 60 days.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 2,950 mg/kg.

Acute dermal (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. Bromoxynil/MCPA: high acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral
(rats) = 365 mg/kg. Very toxic to birds and fish. Non-toxic to bees. May cause bums and may be
absorbed through the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: store in a cool, dry place, away from children, animals, food, feed or fertilizers. Keep unused
product in resealed original container. Store above -5°C. Shake well before reuse.

17. Resistance Management: Achieve Liquid Gold is a Group 1 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Achieve Liquid Gold and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Adrenalin (ac 299,263 120 as +

2,4-D Ester LV 700)

Groups 2,4

Manufacturer; BASF Canada

1. Formulations:

One case contains 2 split-neck jugs containing:

1. AC 299,263 120 AS: Aqueous solution - 1.34 L/jug.

2. 2,4-D Ester LV 700: Emulsifiable concentrate - 6.8 L/jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactants: A non-ionic surfactant at 0.25 % volume/volume is required; i.e. add 2.5 L non-ionic
surfactant per 1,000 L spray volume (Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Surf 92). Only use a surfactant with a minimum
concentration of 80% active ingredient. The surfactant is not included in the Adrenalin case.

Mixing instructions: Fill the tank 3/4 full with water. Start agitation. Pour the applicable number of
Adrenalin jugs into the tank. Add the correct amount of non-ionic surfactant. If excess foaming occurs, add
an anti-foaming agent (such as Halt). Continue filling the tank. Maintain agitation throughout mixing
procedure and application.

Tbicides

Herbicides

Adrenalin (cont'd)

3. Crops: CLEARFIELD wheat only.

Weeds Controlled:

annual sow thistle
bluebur
cocklebur
cow cockle
daisy fleabane
false flax
flixweed
goat's-beard

green foxtail
kochia

lamb's quarters
mustards (except
dog and tansy)
plantain
prickly lettuce
ragweeds

Top growth control

bull thistle chicory

burdock curled dock

buttercup field bindweed

Canada thistle

5. Weeds Suppressed:

blue lettuce

biennial wormwood

chickweed

cleavers

dandelion

groundsel

6. When Used:

gumweed

hawkweed

heal-all

hedge bindweed
knotweed
leafy spurge

redroot pigweed
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's purse
stinging nettle
stinkweed
sweet clover
volunteer barley

hoary cress

mouse-eared chickweed
perennial sow-thistle

volunteer canola (all types
including all HT types)
volunteer wheat
(non-CLEARFIELD)
wild mustard
wild oat
wild radish
wild sunflower

tartary buckwheat
teasel

yellow rocket

mustard (dog and tansy)
oak-leaved goosefoot
peppergrass
pineappleweed
prostrate pigweed
purslane

Russian knapweed
sheep sorrell
smartweed
velvet leaf
wild buckwheat
yellow rocket

CLEARFIELD wheat: Application should be made from the 4 leaf up to and including the 6 leaf stage of
CLEARFIELD wheat.

Grassy weeds: Application should be made when the grassy weeds are in the 1 to 6 leaf stage (total leaves
including tillers with a maximum of 2 tillers).

Broadleaf weeds: Application should be made when the broadleaf weeds are in the cotyledon to
4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only.

Rate: AC 299,263 120 AS: 67 ml/ac.

2,4-D Ester LV 700: 340 mL/ac.

Surfactant: Non-ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v (e.g. 2.5L/1,000 L spray solution).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: 50 mesh screens (or coarser). Flat fan recommended tilted 45 degrees forward for better
penetration.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply Adrenalin more than once per year. If application of Adrenalin is early (prior
to the 3 leaf stage), there may be 2,4-D damage. Application prior to the 3 leaf stage of wheat may cause
severe twisting of leaves and leaf stem and head deformities, which may reduce yield. Do not spray if
freezing or near freezing (-l-2°C) temperatures are forecast. Treat CLEARFIELD wheat during warm weather
when weeds are actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for rapid growth. Lfnder cool or dry
conditions, control of some weeds may be severely reduced. Application must be made before the crop
canopy shields the weeds. Ground application only.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots. Disrupts plant metabolism causing growth to stop. Works best
under good growing conditions.

Adrenalin (cont'd)

1 0. Expected Results: 2,4-D will cause twisting of the growing point. AC 299,263 will cause yellowing of the
growing point. Grassy weeds will stop growing within 24 hours of application. After 7-10 days, symptoms
start occurring. There is a definite yellowing of the growing point, interveinal chlorosis and newest leaves
are noticeably affected by yellowing. Death occurs for grassy weeds in 14 - 21 days. Broadleaf weeds stop
growing within 24 hours and weed activity stops within 1 - 5 days. There will be a twisting of the growing
point (result of the 2,4-D component) and yellowing of the growing point (result of the AC 299,263).

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 3 hours is recommended.

12. Movement in Soil: The AC 299,263 and 2,4-D Ester LV 700 components do not leach appreciably.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Small amount of drift may damage sensitive plants such as legumes.

Minimum interval to harvest: 79 days.

Succeeding crops: Spring wheat, durum wheat, spring barley, field peas, CLEARFIELD and non-
CLEARFIELD canola, lentils, oats and flax can be grown safely the year following an application. There are
insufficient data for following with other crops. Conduct a field bioassay (a test strip grown to maturity) the
year before growing any crops other than those listed above. In case of crop failure, replant only to
CLEARFIELD wheat or CLEARFIELD canola. For other crops, call BASF at 1-877-371-2273.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop within 14 days of application or cut for hay within
42 days of application.

14. Toxicity: AC 299,263: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to
fish, birds and bees. 2,4-D Ester LV 700; Moderate acute mammalian toxicity.

Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 300 - 1,200 mg/kg. Some formulations may cause skin irritation. Some
formulations are toxic to fish. May cause burns and can be absorbed through the skin.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
had, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If on skin, remove contaminated clothing. Wash hands with soap and water after handling. In case of
eye contact, flush with plenty of water. Get medical attention or contact a poison control centre
immediately. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention or contact a poison control
centre. If inhaled, remove individual from site of exposure.

1 6. Storage: Store above 5°C. Store in a cool, dry place away from children, animals, food, feed or fertilizers.
Keep from freezing.

Ally TosS"N"Go (metsulfuron methyl)

Group 2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; 60%; Toss-N-Go 122 g (4 x 30.5 g) water soluble pouches.

2. Registered Mixes: 2,4-D Amine 500 (340 - 450 mL/ac H- surfactant), 2,4-D LV Ester 700

(240 - 320 mL/ac), Avenge 200-C (1.72 L/ac, no surfactant). Avenge 200-C + MCPA Ester (1.7 L/ac +

280 - 400 mL/ac, no surfactant), MCPA Amine or Ester 500 (280 - 450 mL/ac -I- surfactant), Puma^^° Super
(156-312 mL/ac, no surfactant), Horizon (95 - 115 mL/ac) -t- Score surfactant). Consult tank mix partner
labels for mixing instructions and additional crop staging restrictions.

Surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90, Citowett Plus, Companion, Super Spreader-Sticker.

Herbicides

Ally Toss-N-Go (cont'd)

Mixing instructions: Add 1/2 required amount of water. While agitating, add Ally and ensure it is
completely suspended. Add second herbicide, if required. Complete filling, then add surfactant if required.
Continuous agitation is required. If anti-foam is needed, add it last.

3. Crops: Barley spring and durum wheat, established creeping red fescue, orchard grass, crested and
intermediate wheat grass (seed or forage) (soil pH 7.9 or lower).

Pasture and rangeland: Western snowberry wild rose only.

Note: Not recommended for underseeding with legumes or other grasses not listed.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Ally 3 g/ac -I- surfactant

ball mustard

flixweed (6.6)

prostrate pigweed (7.3)

stork's-bill (7.7)

bluebur (7.8)

green smartweed (7.2)

redroot pigweed

tartary buckwheat (8.3)

chickweed (8.9)

hemp-nettle (8.8)

scentless chamomile (8.3)

volunteer rapeseed

common groundsel (8.6)

kochia (8.0)

shepherd's-purse (8.8)

(excluding CLEARFIELD)

corn spurry (8.1)

lady's-thumb (8.5)

stinkweed (8.8)

wild mustard (8.8)

cow cockle (8.8)

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard

Ally 2 - 3 g/ac -1- MCPA -l-

surfactant

annual sunflower

green smartweed (8.5)

redroot pigweed (8.0)

sweet clover

ball mustard

hemp-nettle (8.5)

Russian pigweed

tartary buckwheat*

bluebur^

kochia (6.7)

Russian thistle (8.0)

tumble mustard

chickweed (8.6)

lady's-thumb*

scentless chamomile*

volunteer rapeseed

common groundsel*

lamb's-quarters

shepherd's-purse (7.6)

(including CLEARFIELD) (8.E

corn spurry*

plantain

stinkweed (8.6)

wild mustard (8.7)

cow cockle (8.7)

prickly lettuce

stork's-bill*

wormseed mustard

flixweed (7.6)

prostrate pigweed*

Ally 2 - 3 g/ac -I- 2,4-D + surfactant

annual sunflower

green smartweed (8.6)

prickly lettuce

stork's-bill*

ball mustard

hemp-nettle (8.4)

prostrate pigweed*

sweet clover

bluebur*

kochia (7.4)

redroot pigweed (8.3)

tartary buckwheat*

chickweed

lady's-thumb*

Russian pigweed

volunteer rapeseed

common groundsel*

lamb's-quarters

Russian thistle (7.7)

(including CLEARFIELl

corn spurry*

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard

scentless chamomile*

wild mustard (8.7)

cow cockle (8.6)

(spring seedlings only)

shepherd's-purse (6.2)

wormseed mustard

flixweed (9.0)

plantain

stinkweed (8.2)

* Weeds controlled only when mixtures contain Ally at 3 g/ac.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Ally -l- surfactant 3 g/ac: annual sow-thistle, Canada thistle, lamb’s-quarters,
perennial sow-thistle, Russian thistle, toadflax, wild buckwheat (6.8).

Ally 2 g/ac -I- 2,4-D -I- surfactant: Canada thistle (7.1), wild buckwheat (6.7).

6. When Used:

Crop stage:

Post-emergent treatments

Crop stage

Crops

Ally

2 leaf - flag leaf

barley, wheat, creeping red fescue

Ally -f 2,4-D (Amine/Ester)

full 3 leaf - just before flag leaf

barley, wheat

Ally + MCPA (Amine/Ester)

full 3 leaf - just before flag leaf

barley, wheat

Ally + Avenge

2 leaf - 6 leaf (shot blade)

barley, wheat

Ally -1- Avenge -t- MCPA Ester

3 leaf - 6 leaf (shot blade)

barley, wheat

Ally + Puma'^“ Super

Meaf - 5 leaf -t- 2 tillers

barley

1 leaf - 6 leaf + 3 tillers

wheat (including durum)

Ally + Horizon

2 leaf - flag leaf

spring wheat only

Ally + Assure II -i- surfactant

2 leaf - flag leaf

creeping red fescue

Ally Toss-IM-Go (cont'd)

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf stage. For best results, apply to actively growing weeds. Note: Apply before crop
canopy is dense enough to prevent thorough coverage of weeds.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: When used alone: Ally 3 g/ac. When used with 2,4-D or MCPA: Ally 2 - 3 g/ac.

Surfactant: 2 L/ 1,000 L spray solution.

Water volume: 40 L/ac (minimum).

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan types. 50 mesh or larger screens. Only metal or nylon filters.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Ally when cleaning equipment.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually inspect
tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Ally. If necessary, repeat Step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum 3% ammonia)
per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water and ammonia
to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for 15 minutes
with agitation. Again flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain tank.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat Step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Effectiveness may be reduced if spray mixture remains in tank for more than 48 hours.

9. How it Works: Ally is absorbed by the foliage and roots, readily translocated throughout the plant and
inhibits the cell division.

1 0. Expected Results: Discolouration of the dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after
application. Poor results may be expected if there is improper mixing, timing, coverage or when weeds
are under drought stress or moisture stress.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately before or after application may cause temporary lightening
of crop. Rainfall within 2 hours of application may lessen degree of weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by fine textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral to acidic
conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not use on soils with pH greater than 7.9. Do not apply to irrigated land where
tail water will be used to irrigate other crop land.

Mintmum recropping intervals (months)*

Crops for rotation

Soil pH

8iach/Grey Wooded soils

Brown^ark Brown soils

Alfalfa, peas, red clover

7,5 or lower

22 ■

Field bioassay

Barley, durum wheat

7.9 or lower

Canary seed

6.9 or lower

, 48

7.0 to 7.9

. 48

Canola, flax

6.9 or lower

Canola

7.0 to 7.9

. 34

F^cue

7.5 or lower

Field bioassay

flax

7.0 to 7.9

Laitils

6.9 or lower

7.0 to 7.9

■ 48

rbicides

Ally Toss-N-Go (cont'd)

(continued}

Crops for rotation

Oats

Yellow mustard
All other crops

Minimum recropping intervals (months)'

Soil pH Btack/Grey Wooded soils

6.9 or lower 10

7.0 to 7.9 10

6.9 or lower 48

7.0 to 7.9 48

7.9 or lower Field bioassay

Brown/Dark Brown soils

22 I
48

48 ,

Field bioassay

" If land has been treated with Ally and Assert the same year or in successive years, seed only wheat, excluding durum,
until a field bioassay demonstrates that other crops can be seeded. When recropping to broadleaf crops following an
Ally application, extend the rotational interval by 1 year if rainfall was less than 130 mm in the Brown and Dark Brown
Soil Zones or 250 mm in the Black and Grey Wooded Soil Zones in any year within the stated interval prior to planting.

Grazing restrictions: Wheat, barley or forage crops may be grazed by or fed to livestock any time after
treatment.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

1 7. Resistance Management: Ally Toss-N-Go is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Ally Toss-N-Go and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

Amitrol 240 (amitrole)

Group 11

Manufacturer; Nufarm Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; 231 g/L; 10 L containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Glyphosate. Follow directions on product label for timing and use precautions.

3. Crops: Pre-plant: barley, canola, corn, field peas, wheat, white beans. Non-crop areas: ditch banks, fence
rows, pasture, roadsides, shelterbelts. Post harvest: grains, peas. After final cutting alfalfa, clover
(renovation) .

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sow-thistle cattails hoary cress quackgrass

annual weeds (most) dandelion leafy spurge showy milkweed

Canada thistle (7.4) field horsetail perennial sow-thistle toadflax

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

Amitrol 240 (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Alfalfa, clover renovation: After final cutting, generally not after October 1.

Pre-planting crops: Barley, canola, corn, field peas, wheat, white beans. Crops: Non-selective, spot treatment.
Post-harvest: Generally not after October 1. Shelterbelts: In established plantings only.

Weed stage: Canada thistle: Early bud to bloom. Cattails: After catkins are fully formed, up to frost.

Field horsetail: During vigorous growth. Hoary cress and leafy spurge: Advanced rossette to bud stage.
Milkweed: Early summer when all shoots have emerged. Quackgrass: 10 - 15 cm tall.

Yellow toadflax: Advanced rossette to pre-bud.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment; hand sprayer. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Pre-seed:

Crop

Barley, canola, wheat
Field peas

Post-harvest:

Rate (L/ac) Weeds controlled

1.7 Annual weeds, dandelion

Timing Rate (L/ac)

After harvest of crops 5-6.6

Alfalfa and clover renovation:

Crop

Alfalfa

Alfalfa, clover

Non-crop use:

Weed

Dandelion

Canada thistle, sow-thistle

Cattails

Field horsetail
Hoary cress

Days to plant

0-1

5-7

Weeds controlled

Canada thistle, sow-thistle

Rate (L/ac) Plants controlled

1.7 -3.4 Alfalfa, annual weeds, dandelion

5.0 - 6.6 Alfalfa, annual weeds, Canada thistle, clover,

dandelion, sow-thistle

Rate (L/ac) Application directions

1.7-5 Treat when weeds are young and actively growing.

Tillage can occur 3 weeks after treatment but is not necessary.

5 - 6.6 Apply when most thistles are in the early bud to bloom stage.

Treated plants should not be mowed, but may be tilled 3 weeks
later. Do not tilt infested areas during the fall or spring before
treatments.

1 5 - 1 8.5 Apply after catkins are fully formed and up to frost. Do not disturb

sprayed plant. Do not apply where water will be used for
irrigating, drinking or other domestic uses. Do not apply where
water is not wholly confined to users property.

5 - 6.6 Spray when field horsetail Is growing vigorously during the

vegetative growth stage. Usually when 10 - 15 cm in height.

7.5 - 1 1 Spray during advance rosette and bud stages. Treated area should

not be mowed. If necessary re-treat with one half the original rate
when re- sprouts are 1 0 - 1 5 cm tall.

(continued}

Herbicides

Amitrol 240 (cont'd)

{continued)

Weed

Leafy spurge

Milkweed

Quackgrass

Poison ivy, poison oaks
Toadflax

Rate (l/ac)
15-18.5

7.5-11
5 - 6.6
3.7

7.5-11

Orchard and shelterbelt use:

Use

Apple orchards
oneiterDelts

Rate (L/ac)
3.8 - 5.5

7.6 - 1 1

Application directions

Spray between the advanced flowering and early seed development
stage. Treated areas should not be mowed but may be plowed after
top growth is bleached. Spot treat re-growth the following year.
Spray in early summer when a majority of shoots have emerged.

Spot treat any re-growth die following year.

Apply when growth is , 1 0 - 1 5 cm in height. For best results,
cultivate 3 weeks after treatment.

Apply in 500 to 1,000 litres of water per hectare as an overall
spray or as a spot treatment. Apply any time after foliage is fully
developed in spring until plants begin to turn colour in the fall.

Spray thoroughly, wet leaves, stems and suckers to ground line.
Treat during advanced rosette to pre-bud stage. Till 3 weeks after
treatment when top growth is bleached. Spot treat any re-growth
the following year.

controlled

Annual weeds, Canada thistle, dandelion, poison Ivy, poison oak,
sow-thistle, suppression lof quackgrass
Annual weeds, Canada thistle, dandelion, field horsetail, hoary cress,
milkweed, poison ivy, poison oak, quackgrass, sow-thistle, toadflax

Water volume: Non-crop areas: 40 - 120 L/ac minimum. Crop areas: 20 - 80 L/ac;

Shelterbelts: 40- 120 L/ac.

Pressure: 150 - 275 kPa.

8. Application Tips: Spray to point of runoff, complete coverage of weeds essential. Under or around desirable
plants or trees; avoid contact with foliage, green stems or fruit as severe injury or destruction may result.

Use a hooded sprayer if necessary. Do not disturb or mow treated plants for at least 2 weeks after treatment.
If no tillage is possible, then spot treat weed regrowth with 1/2 original rate. Do not apply where water will
be used for irrigating, drinking or other domestic use. Do not spray near sparks or open flame. For best
results, apply Amitrol 240 in the early morning or evening when the humidity is higher. Avoid application
when daytime temperatures exceed 25°C or when air conditions are very dry.

9. How it Works: Systemic herbicide that inhibits chlorophyll production. Moves through foliar and root
system.

10. Expected Results: whitening begins in 7 - 14 days and plants die. Poor results may be expected if poor
coverage, inadequate rate, plants over-mature or under drought stress or if tilled too soon after application.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rain within 6 - 8 hours reduces effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Average field half-life is 14 days.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Crops, other than those listed in a pre-seed application may be seeded 8 months after
treatment with Amitrol 240.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crops or weeds; sufficient data is not available to support such
use. Most crops susceptible to drift.

Amitrol 240 (cont'd)

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical amitrole >4,000 mg/kg,
technical ammonium thiocyanate - carrier 764 mg/kg. May be irritating to skin and eyes. Non-toxic to fish
and birds. Caution: Possible human goitrogen. Do not apply on foraging bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Do not
re-enter treated areas within 12 hours,

16. Storage: Do not freeze or store above 30°C. No shelf life limitation. If frozen, contents will crystallize - to
re-suspend, warm to 27°C and agitate as necessary.

17. Resistance Management: Amitrol 240 is a Group ll herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Amitrol 240 and other Group 11 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38 - 42).

1. Formulations: Aqueous solution; 240 g/L; 9.5 L container,

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactants: Only required if spray volume is greater than 223 L/ac. Use non-ionic surfactant at 1 L/400 L
of spray solution.

Foam reducing agent: May be added at the recommended rate, if required.

3. Crops: Non-crop/non-graze areas such as industrial sites or rail road ballast. Spot treatments for hydro,
pipeline and rail rights-of-way; pipeline stations including well sites; battery stations and compressor or
valve stations.

Arsenal (imazapyr)

CAUTION POISON

4. Weeds Controlled:

Annual broadleaf weeds

annual sow-thistle
black medic
common groundsel
hemp-nettle

kochia

lamb's-quarters
mustard spp.
pigweed spp.

pineappleweed
ragweed spp.
rough cinquefoil
Russian thistle

stinkweed
wild buckwheat

Annual grass weeds

annual bluegrass

foxtail spp.

old witchgrass

Perennial/biennial weeds

bladder campion
bull thistle
burdock
Canada thistle
clover spp.
dandelion

dog-strangling vine
field bindweed
goat's-beard
goldenrod
leafy spurge
milkweed

mouse-eared chickweed

mullein spp.
ox-eye daisy
plantain spp.
poison ivy
sheep sorrel

sulphur cinquefoil
toadflax

tufted vetch
wild carrot
wild grape

wild strawberry

Herbicides

rbicides

Arsenal (cont'd)

Perennial grass/sedge weeds

bromegrass fescue spp. yellow nutsedge

Canada bluegrass quackgrass

Woody species (seedling)

maple poplar raspberry wild rose

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Weed stage: Apply post-emergent to actively growing weeds and seedling woody species.

7. How to Apply: This product is to be applied by licensed applicators only.

With: Ground equipment: high volume, high pressure handguns and vehicle-mounted directed spray
equipment or conventional boom-mounted, manifold-mounted or off-centre nozzles. Low volume hand-held
backpacks, knapsack or other pump-up type sprayers may also be used for direct applications to foliage.
Rate: 1.21 L/ac.

Water volume: 40 - 223 L/ac.

Pressure: 175 - 425 kPa.

Nozzles: Select proper nozzles to avoid spraying a fine mist. Recommended nozzle tips include: Spraying
Systems 1503E, 1504E, 1506E, 2003E, 2004E, 4003E or 4004E Flat Fan Tip; Spraying Systems 5500X-3 or
X-4 Adjustable Cone Tip; Spraying Systems 5780 Cone Tip (attached to a Model 43L Gunjet or comparable
applicator) .

Sprayer cleanup: Thoroughly clean all traces of Arsenal from application equipment immediately after
use. Flush tank, pump, hoses and boom with several changes of water after removing nozzle tips and
screens. Clean nozzles and screen separately. Drain and flush equipment away from desirable trees and
plants. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters.

8. Application Tips: Apply in sufficient water (40 - 223 L/ac) to wet all foliage during periods of active growth.
Do not mix or store in unlined steel (except stainless steel) containers or spray tanks. Do not use where roots
from desirable vegetation may extend into the treated area. Maintain a distance from desirable trees equal to
at least twice the distance from the trunk to the drip-line. Do not apply where runoff water may flow onto
agricultural land.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by both roots and foliage of sensitive vegetation. Translocated throughout the
plant including the root system in both the xylem and the phloem. Non-selective. Plant stops growing shortly
after application.

10. Expected Results: Plants stop growing within 24 - 48 hours. Yellow, purplish and/or red, discolouration of
the leaves may occur. The growing point of the plant and the youngest leaves begin to die first, with
symptoms eventually progressing to older leaves. Chlorosis and tissue necrosis may not be apparent in some
plant species until 2 weeks after application. Complete kill of plants may not occur for several weeks.
Season-long control of sensitive species.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 hours may decrease foliar activity. Rainfall does not affect root activity
or the control of non-emerged sensitive species.

12. Movement in Soil: Is not leached appreciably.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Non-crop/non-graze applications only.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated area or cut for hay.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) 5,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish, birds and
bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Arsenal (cont'd)

16. Storage: Store above -12°C. Arsenal should not be mixed or stored in unlined steel (except stainless steel)
containers or spray tanks.

17. Resistance Management: Arsenal is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Arsenal and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Assert 300 (imazamethabenz)

Group 2

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Suspension concentrate 300g/L; 10.8 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes:

Barley, durum wheat and spring wheat: 2,4-D Ester, MCPA Ester, Puma^^° Super, Puma^^° Super +
MCPA Ester, Puma^^° Super -f- Refine Extra, Attain, Curtail M, Estaprop, Express Pack, Refine Extra -1-
MCPA Ester, Unity 75WG -f Unity 280EC, Frontline, Spectrum.

Spring wheat (including durum): Turboprop 600, Puma^^° Super, Puma^^° Super -I- Refine Extra,
Trophy.

Barley and spring wheat (not including durum): Prestige. Do not tank mix Assert when used on
sunflowers.

Mixing instructions: Fill tank 3/4 full with water, start agitation. If mixing with Express Pack, Frontline,
Refine Extra, Spectrum or Unity 75WG, add the Express Pack, Frontline, Refine Extra, Spectrum or
Unity 75WG to the tank and agitate, mixing thoroughly to ensure the product is completely dissolved. Add
one package of Spray Water pH Adjuster per jug of Assert to tank and agitate until dissolved. Add Assert to
the partially filled tank while agitating. If using MCPA Ester, 2,4-D Ester, Estaprop, Curtail M, Prestige,
Puma^2° Super, Trophy, Turboprop 600 or Unity 280EC in the tank mix, add broadleaf herbicide first to the
partially filled tank while agitating. Fill remainder of tank with water and agitate, or, cycle at least five
minutes before spraying to ensure thorough mixing. Continue agitation until spraying is complete.

Note: When using Express Pack, Refine Extra or Unity on repeated tank loads, if any tank mix solution
remains in the tank, prepare a slurry and add it to the 3/4 filled tank.

Mixing restrictions: Do not tank mix with phenoxy amines.

Mixing rates: MCPA Ester (500 g/L) up to 0.45 L/ac; 2,4-D Ester (570 g/L) up to 0.4 L/ac.

Refine Extra (8 g/ac) and Refine Extra (8 g/ac) -I- MCPA Ester (500 g/L) up to 0.45 L/ac,

Estaprop (710 mL/ac), Express Pack (4 g/ac Express Plus 0.25 L/ac 2,4-D Ester), Curtail M (0.8 L/ac),
Turboprop 600 (710 mL/ac). Unity 75WG (4.3 g/ac). Unity 280EC (200 mL/ac), Prestige (A - 320 mL/ac,

B - 809 mL/ac). Frontline (40 mL/ac Frontline A, 335 mL/ac Frontline B), Spectrum (40 mL/ac Florasulam,
600 mL/ac Curtail M). Puma^^° Super (116 mL/ac), Trophy (240 mL/ac - Trophy A Starane,

450 mL/ac - Trophy B MCPA Ester).

3. Crops: Annual rye grass (grown for seed), barley (all varieties) (8.5), durum wheat (all varieties) (8.3),
spring wheat (all varieties) (8.8), sunflowers (all varieties including semi-dwarf and sunola).

4. Weeds Controlled: Stinkweed (8.2), wild mustard (7.8), wild oats (7.8). Sunflower rate will control
stinkweed and wild mustard only.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Tartary buckwheat (3.5), wild buckwheat (5.4).

Herbicides

Assert 300 (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley (all varieties), spring wheat (including durum): Up to and including 6 leaf stage
(before the flag leaf). Sunflower: 2 - 8 leaf (less than 38 cm high for regular varieties, less than 30 cm for
semi-dwarf varieties, and less than 10 cm high for dwarf varieties). Annual rye grass grown for seed:

4 - 6 leaf stage.

Note: When mixed with 2,4-D Ester, MCPA Ester, Estaprop or Turpoprop, do not apply before 4 leaf stage of
the crop. Do no apply Assert within five days of any herbicide that is not a registered tank mix with the
exception of Ally, Laser or Lontrel.

Weed stage: Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage (all leaves, including tillers). Wild mustard and stinkweed:
Cotyledons to 6 leaf stage. Suppression of tartary and wild buckwheat: Cotyledons to 4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply;

with: Ground equipment only.

Rate:

Amrt tank mixes (l/ac|

Black and Grey
Wooded

Brown and Dark
Brown

1 > 3 leaves
4 - 6 leaf stage (all lea)
tillers), up to 2 tillers
1 - 3 leaves
4 • 6 leaf stage (all lea)
tillers), up to 2 tillers

1 Pftma^^ <!

ivav; I unra a

0.54

0.67

including

0.67

0.54

0.67

0.54

induding

0.67

0.54

0.67

Sunflower rate: 0.34 L/ac.

Water volume: Assert tank mixed with Refine Extra, Refine Extra -I- MCPA Ester, Curtail M, Express Pack,
Frontline, Prestige, Puma^^° Super, Spectrum, Trophy, Unity: 40 L/ac. Assert alone. Assert tank mixed with
2,4-D Ester, MCPA Ester or Estaprop: 20 L/ac.

Water: Use Assert with the pH reducing agent Spraywater pH Adjuster or poor weed control may occur. For
ground-driven pump systems, ensure Spraywater pH Adjuster is dissolved before engaging pump.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended, tilted 45° forward for better penetration. 50-mesh screens and filters.

8. Application Tips: Do not spray if freezing temperatures are forecast.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated to the growing points in the plants. Disrupts
plant metabolism causing growth to stop in susceptible plants. Works best under good growing conditions.

10. Expected Results:

wild oats: Stop growing within 24 - 48 hours. Yellow striping and purplish discolouration of the leaf may
occur. Leaves begin to die in 3 - 10 days, starting with the youngest and moving to the older leaves. Death of
the plant may occur in 1 - 3 weeks. Symptoms may occur more slowly at lower temperatures and high
rainfall.

Stinkweed and wild mustard: Begin to yellow and die in 3 - 10 days; usually die before the wild oats.
At the sunflower rate, injury signs on the wild mustard may take up to 2 weeks. Death may not occur for
several weeks.

Wild and tartary buckwheat: Will slow or stop growth. Competition from these weeds will be reduced.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours may decrease activity.

12. Movement in Soil: is not leached appreciably.

Assert 300 (cont'd)

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not apply Assert to the same field two years in a row.

Succeeding crops:

Black and Grey Wooded soil zones: Rotate to spring wheat, durum wheat, barley, sunflower, canola
(including CLEARFIELD), flax and peas the year following Assert.

Brown and Dark Brown soil zones: Rotate only to wheat, durum wheat, barley, CLEARFIELD canola
and sunflowers the year following Assert. Two years after application of Assert, the following crops can be
grown in all soil zones: wheat (spring and durum), barley, sunflower, peas, canola (including CLEARFIELD),
flax, oats and canary grass. Conduct a field bioassay before planting lentils or sugar beets.

Grazing restrictions: Fields treated with Assert may be grazed, cut for hay and fed to livestock after
harvest of the grain.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 3,078 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish, birds or
bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Do not freeze.

17. Resistance Management: Assert 300 is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Assert 300 and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Assure II (quizalofop-p-ethylj

Group 1

Manufecjfurer; DuPont Canada Inc,

1 :mjl

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 96 g/L; 1 x 8 L -I- 8 L Sure-Mix.

2. Registered Mixes: Canola: Muster (8-12 g/ac); creeping red fescue: Ally (3 g/ac).

Mixing instructions:

1. Make sure that spray tank is thoroughly cleaned before mixing.

2. Fill tank half full with water. Keep agitator running.

3. If tank mixing Assure II with Muster, use the following sequence:

- Muster (ensure Muster is thoroughly dissolved before moving to next step)

- Assure II

- slowly add Sure-Mix

- ensure that the herbicide is completely mixed before proceeding to the next step

4. Add the rest of the required water to the tank. Mix well before applying to the crop.

On repeat tank loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the tank from the previous load is less
than 10% of volume about to be mixed.

3. Crops: Canola, creeping red fescue (for seed production), field peas, flax (including linolenic acid varieties),
lentils, navy beans, pinto beans, processing peas, seed alfalfa, seedling legumes (for seed production),
soybeans, sugarbeets.

irbicides

Assure II (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, quackgrass, volunteer barley, volunteer corn, volunteer
oats, volunteer wheat, wild oats.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Quackgrass at the 220 mL/ac rate.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Up to beginning of bolting of canola.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass: 2 leaf to early tillering. Green foxtail: 2 leaf to early tillering. Volunteer
barley, volunteer oats, volunteer wheat: 2 leaf to early tillering. Wild oats: 2 leaf to early tillering (up to
2 tillers). Yellow foxtail: 2 leaf to early tillering.

Note: For best results on wild oats, apply prior to tillering. Use higher rate of Assure II when wild oats have
tillers or when there is a heavy infestation of wild oats.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 150 - 300 mL/ac of Assure II plus Sure-Mix at 5 L/1,000 L of spray solution. In sugarbeets, if a second
flush of annual grasses or volunteer cereals is observed, apply an additional application of Assure II at
150 mL/ac plus surfactant. Do not exceed an accumulative, seasonal use rate of 300 mL/ac of Assure per

year.

Green foxtail, volunteer barley, volunteer corn, volunteer oats, volunteer wheat, wild oats 1 50 ml/ac

Barnyard grass, quackgrass (suppression), plus above weeds 200 ml/ac

Quackgrass (season long) 300 ml/ac

Water volume: 40 L/ac. Under heavy weed pressures, you can use up to 160 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan with 50 mesh or coarser nozzle screens.

Sprayer cleanup: Thoroughly clean all traces of Assure II from application equipment immediately after
use. Flush tank, pump, hoses and boom with several changes of water after removing nozzle tips and screens
(clean these parts separately) . Failure to thoroughly clean the equipment may result in injury to
subsequently sprayed grass crops.

8. Application Tips: When using a broadleaf herbicide other than those registered for tank mixing with Assure
II, wait a minimum of 24 hours after the Assure II application to apply the broadleaf herbicide, or wait

7 days after the broadleaf application to apply Assure II.

9. How it Works: Assure II is a systemic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed and readily translocated from the
treated foliage to the root systems and growing points of treated plants.

10. Expected Results: Grassy weeds show a reduction in growth and a loss of competitiveness. An early
yellowing or browning of the younger plant tissues is followed by a progressive collapse of the remaining
foliage. These results will generally be observed in 1 - 3 weeks, depending on the grass species treated and
the environmental conditions. Poor results may be expected if there is improper mixing, timing or
coverage, or when weeds are under stress.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour of application may reduce control.

12. Movement in Soil: No soil movement.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields or harvest for forage or hay.

Other restrictions: Do not apply to canola within 64 days of harvest. Do not apply to flax within 82 days
of harvest. Do not apply to lentils or peas (field and processing) within 65 days of harvest.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD5Q (rats) >5,000 mg/kg. May irritate eyes, nose,

throat and skin. i

Assure li (cont'd)

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information).
Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place not below 5°C.

17. Resistance Management: Assure II is a Group l herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Assure II and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Atrazine (atrazine)

Group 5

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada IncTUnited Agri Products

1. Formulations:

Liquid: Aatrex Liquid (Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.); 480 g/L; 1 x 14 L.

Water dispersible granule (WDG): Aatrex Nine-0 (Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.); 90%;

1 X 10 kg pack.

Flowable: Atrazine 480 (United Agri Products); 480 g/L; 2 x 10 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: Crop oil concentrate, dry bulk granular fertilizers, nitrogen solutions or complete liquid
fertilizers, Banvel II, Dual, Bladex, Duel.

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix oil concentrates, surfactants or hormone type herbicides with any
mixture of Atrazine plus Bladex. Tank mixes: add water, then Atrazine, agitate, add Bladex slowly, agitate
thoroughly. Note: Crop oil concentrates must be added when Aatrex alone is applied post-emergent.

3. Crops: Field corn (9.0), sweet corn (8.6).

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual smartweed lamb's-quarters volunteer clover wormseed mustard

common purslane ragweed wild buckwheat

lady's-thumb redroot pigweed wild mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Pre-plant incorporated. Pre-emergent surface treatment (after planting but before emergence
of the crop and weeds). Band applied or post-emergence: 1 to 6 leaf stage and when corn is less than 30 cm
tall.

Weed stage: Broadleaf weeds (post emergence applications): less than 10 cm tall.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate: Aatrex Liquid, Atrazine 480: 0.85 - 1.25 L/ac. Aatrex Nine-0: 0.44 - 0.68 kg/ac.

Note: Vary rates according to different soil types. (Lower rates in light and sandy soils. Higher rates in
heavy clay soils).

rbicides

Atrazine (cont'd)

Water volume: 60 - 120 L/ac.

Pressure: 200 - 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Incorporation: Only Aatrex Liquid, Atrazine 480, Aatrex Nine-0 are applied pre-plant; Do not incorporate
deeper than 5.0 cm. Pre-emergent treatments require rainfall within 10 days or a light cultivation.

8. Application Tips: Continuous gentle agitation is needed. Avoid excessive agitation, especially with oil
mixtures, as a grease-like mass may form. Use oil mixes at once and clean tank and system with a strong
detergent solution. Use 50 mesh or larger strainers and use only metal filters. Bypass line should discharge
to bottom of tank. Band treatments are desirable when cultivation is to alleviate hard soil conditions or to
control annual weeds.

9. How it Works: A systemic herbicide absorbed through both roots and foliage and it is translocated to the
leaves where it inhibits photosynthesis.

1 0. Expected Results: Affected plants are slow to emerge and are wilted, yellowish and eventually turn brown
and die. Poor weed control may be expected if improper incorporation is done, or when post-emergent
application is made with oil concentrate or sprayed too late. Heavy rainfall on sandy soils may cause
leaching and a decrease in weed control and/or crop injury.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall will activate the chemical, carr3dng it into the root zone where kill will begin.

12. Movement in Soil: Heavy rainfall on sandy soils may cause leaching and soil movement.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Plant only to corn in year of treatment. The use of atrazine on the prairies is not
recommended when corn is grown in rotation with other crops except triazine-tolerant canola. Breakdown of
atrazine in the soil is slow and may cause injury to sensitive crops (e.g. cereals, canola, sugar beets) one or
more years after application. Crops most tolerant after corn and triazine tolerant canola are sorghum, then
flax, faba beans and peas. The risk of damage to succeeding crops from atrazine residues may be reduced by
ploughing or deep tilling treated fields in the fall prior to seeding the next crop in the rotation. Spreading
and incorporating manure may also help to reduce the atrazine levels. Uneven application, excessive sprayer
overlap or applications in excess of recommended rates will not injure corn but may result in a longer
carryover of atrazine residues. A prolonged period of dry weather will also lengthen the time that atrazine
residues remain in the soil.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) Aatrex = 1,075 mg/kg, Aatrex
Nine-0 = 1,600 mg/kg. May cause eye irritation. Very low toxicity to fish and birds. This product should not
be mixed/loaded within 30 metres of any wells, lake, stream or pond to avoid potential well or surface water
contamination.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: The flowable formulations should be kept from freezing. If stored in unheated areas, the product
should be warmed and agitated thoroughly prior to using.

17. Resistance Management: Atrazine is a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Atrazine and other Group 5 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Attain (fluroxypyr + 2,4-D LV Ester}

Group 4

Manufacturer: Oov\r AgroSciences Canada Inc.

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations:

Attain A: Fluroxypyr 180 g/L EC 9.6 L jug.

Attain B: 2,4-D LV Ester 564 g/L EC 2 x 8.0 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Barley, spring wheat (excluding durum): Achieve Liquid (200 mL/ac) -I-
Turbocharge adjuvant, Assert 300SC (540 - 670 mL + acidulate). Spring wheat (excluding durum):
Everest 70DF solupak (17.4 g/ac) + non ionic surfactant. Horizon (95 mL/ac) -h Score adjuvant, Puma^^°
Super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass, green foxtail and wild oats).

3. Crops: Barley, tall fescue (grown for seed) (established, seedling), spring wheat (except durum).

4. Weeds Controlled:

kochia^^* (8.0)
lamb's-quarters (8.8)
mustards (except dog, green tansy)
plantain
prickly lettuce
ragweed

round-leaved mallow (1-6 leaf) (8.6)
shepherd's-purse (9.0)
stinkweed (8.9)

The following weeds will be controlled only when growing rapidly (control may be reduced when weed
infestations are heavy or if flowering has initiated) :

annual sunflower

bluebur

burdock

cleavers (1-4 whorls) (8.8)

cocklebur

flixweed (9.0)

field horsetail*

goat's-beard

hoary cress*

stork's-billd -8leaf)(8.4)

sweet clover

vetch

volunteer canola (9.0)
volunteer flax (1-12 cm) (8.4)
wild buckwheat (1-4 leaf) (8.4)
wild mustard (8.9)
wild radish

lady's-thumb
leafy spurge*
oak-leaved goosefoot
redroot pigweed (8.8)

hemp-nettle (2 - 6 leaf stage) (7.7)
perennial sow-thistle* (8.1)

Russian thistle (7.6)
smartweed (8.3)
tansy

tartary buckwheat

blue lettuce* field peppergrass

dandelion** gumweed

docks hairy galinsoga

dog mustard hedge bindweed

field bindweed*

5. Weeds Suppressed:

annual sow-thistle

common chickweed*** (up to 8 cm) (7.2)

Canada thistle (6.8)

* Top growth control only.

** Spring rosettes.

*** Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS/AHAS enzyme.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, spring wheat: 4 leaf to flag leaf stage.

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. With sprayer that can apply 45 L/ac spray solution because lower water
volume may cause mixing problems and/or unacceptable crop injury may occur.

Rate:

Attain A: 240 mL/ac.

Attain B: 400 mL/ac.

rbicides

Attain (cont'd)

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 135 - 270 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. Use 50 mesh or larger screens.

Mixing instructions: Only use in sprayers with good agitation. Ensure sprayer is properly
cleaned prior to applying Attain.

1. Fill the sprayer with 1/2 the required amount of water, start agitation and continue agitation throughout
the mixing and spra5dng procedure.

2. Add required number of jugs of Attain A, then Attain B.

3. Complete filling the sprayer tank.

8. Application Tips: Attain activity is influenced by weather conditions. Optimum activity requires active weed
growth. Temperature range for optimum activity is 12°C to 24°C. Reduced activity will occur when
temperatures are below 8°C or above 27°C. Frost before application (3 days) or shortly after (3 days) may
reduce weed control and crop tolerance. Weed control may be reduced during stress conditions, e.g. heat,
drought or cold or if weeds have initiated flowering or if heavy infestations exist. Wet foliage at time of
application may result in reduced weed control. Optimum timing of application is 2 - 4 leaf stage of weeds.
Application on cleavers can be made up to 6 whorl (20 cm height) stage. Do not apply to wheat and barley
underseeded to legumes. Make only one application per year. Application prior to 4 leaf stage of wheat and
barley may cause severe twisting of leaves and leaf stem and head deformities which may reduce yield up to
10%. Do not apply later than flag leaf stage of crop. Some twisting may be evident 1 week after application
on barley. This twisting is transitory and will disappear within 3 weeks.

9. How it Works: Attain herbicide tank mix is non residual. The components of Attain tank mix move within
the plant to control exposed and underground plant tissue. It mimics naturally occurring plant hormones
and controls weeds by disrupting normal plant growth patterns. Symptoms include twisting of stems and
swollen nodes.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: Weeds start to twist shortly after spraying. After twisting and bending, plants stop
growing, turn brown and die.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected in 1 hour.

12. Movement in Soil: 2,4-D and fluroxypyr bind lightly to soil organic matter but do not bind readily to sand,
silt or clay. Due to their relatively short half life, they rarely move deeper than 15 cm deep in soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Attain herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, flax, forage grasses, lentils, mustard, oats, peas, rye, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed
crops other than those listed above for at least one year following treatment.

Drift: Broadleaf crops are sensitive to spray drift. Minimize drift by using nozzles that put out sufficient
spray volume and large droplets.

Grazing restrictions: Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 7 days after application.
Do not harvest forage or cut for hay within 30 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated
fields at least 3 days prior to slaughter.

Other restrictions: Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application.

14. Toxicity: 2,4-D has moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ = technical 639 - 764 mg/kg.
Fluroxypyr has very low mammalian toxicology. Acute oral LD^^ >2,000 mg/kg.

Attain (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a dry heated area. If product is frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before use.

17. Resistance Management: Attain is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants naturally
resistant to Attain and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually dominate the weed
population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of
action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate
resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Avadex BW/IVlicroActiv (triallate)

Group 8

Manufacturer: Monsanto Canada Inc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Avadex BW/MicroActiv Liquid; 400 g/L; 22.7 L pail. Granular;
Avadex BW/MicroActiv Granular; 10%; 22.7 kg bags.

2. Registered Mixes: Wheat and barley: Rival or Treflan (for wild oats and green foxtail control), dry bulk
or liquid fertilizers.

Mixing instructions: Thorough mixing is essential. Agitation is required to suspend mixture or to
resuspend if spray mixture is allowed to settle at any time.

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix with nitrate fertilizers, they may cause explosions and fires.

3. Crops:

barley (8.9) field peas (9.0) mustard (9.0) spring wheat (8.3)

durum wheat (8.3) flax (8.9) rapeseed (8.2) sugar beets (8.0)

Underseeding: Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil, clovers (provided they are not harvested for green feed, hay or
silage in year of seeding). Do not underseed with grasses or legume-grass mix.

4. Weeds Controlled: wild oats (7.6).

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Spring: Pre-plant incorporated on flax, mustard, peas, rapeseed, sugar beets. Pre-plant and post-plant
incorporated on barley and wheat. Do not apply pre-plant with wheat in soils with 4% or less organic matter
where discers are to be used for the seeding operation. Seed to the proper depth immediately or up to
3 weeks after application.

Fall: All crops. Granules: September 15 to freeze-up. Liquid: October 1 to freeze-up.

Note: For fall applications: where erosion may be a problem, maximize crop residue cover with only one fall
tillage incorporation.

sapiofqji

Avadex BW/MicroActiv (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft (granules only) or ground equipment.

Rate:

Spring Application

Organic matter

4% or less Greater than 4%

Liquid

Granules

Liquid

Granules

Crops

Application timing

L/ac

kg/ac

l/ac

kg/ac

Barley

Before and after seeding

1.4

5.7

1.7

6.9

Flax, mustard, rapeseed, sugar beets

Before seeding

1.7

2.2

8.9

Peas (dry)

Before seeding

1.7

NR^

Durum wheat, spring wheat

Before seeding

1.2

1.4

5.7

After seeding

1.4

6.9

NR - Nor Registered

Fall Application

f-.: '

Greater than 4%

Liquid

GranufeA ;

Uqwd

Granules

Uquid

Granules

Crops

l/ac

Barley

1.2

4.4

1.4

6.9

Flax, mustard, rapeseed, sugar beets

1.4

5.7

1.7

2.2

8.9

Durum wheat, spring wheat

1.2

4.4

1.4

6.9

imum tillage

Barley

6.9

Flax, mustard, rapeseed, sugar beets

6.9

8.9

Durum wheat, spring wheat

6.9

Water volume: Liquid formulation only: 36 L/ac minimum.

Pressure: Liquid formulation only: 200 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Incorporation:

Avadex BW/MicroActiv in conventional tillage systems: Two incorporation operations are
necessary for thorough mixing. For application made prior to seeding, incorporation with disc plus harrows
or field cultivator plus harrows is recommended. The second incorporation should be at right angle to first,
with suitable disc or cultivator type implement. For application made after seeding, shallowly incorporate to
a depth of 4 - 5 cm using suitable equipment such as harrow. The second incorporation can be conducted
any time prior to crop emergence. Adjust incorporation equipment to a depth that will not disturb the seed.
Do not incorporate more than 5 cm. This can be accomplished by setting the tillage equipment to work the
soil no deeper than 7,5 cm - 10 cm. Shallow incorporation is necessary to prevent dilution of the product,
thus decreasing wild oat control and increasing the risk of crop injury.

Liquid: The first incorporation should be completed as soon as possible on the day of spraying.

Granules: The first incorporation should be completed within 48 hours of application. The second
incorporation for both liquid and granules may or may not be done immediately after the first. For maximum
results from spring application of granules, delay second incorporation for at least 3 - 5 days.

Avadex BW/MicroActiv (cont'd)

Avadex BW/MicroActiv + fertilizer banding: Avadex BW/MicroActiv may be broadcast prior to or in
conjunction with fall fertilizer banding. Banding unit should be operated at no less than 8 km/h to provide
adequate soil mixing. Depth of operation of banding unit should be as recommended for proper fertilizer
placement. An effective shank spacing of 30 cm or less will provide optimum results.

Spring application: If Avadex BW/MicroActiv is applied in the spring prior to banding unit operated
using knife-type openers, two additional incorporations are required at right angles.

Fall application: The use of tine harrow on banding unit is not required but may provide superior
incorporation where excessive trash is not a factor. The second incorporation should be at right angle to the
banding operation with suitable disc or cultivator type implement.

Avadex BW/MicroActiv in high disturbance systems (minimum tillage): A high disturbance
incorporation can be conducted prior to seeding or as part of the seeding operation. A high disturbance
system is one that disturbs the soil enough so that emerged weeds are controlled by the tillage. (High
disturbance may be caused by the seed drill - cultivator or disc type, or with harrows following the seed drill
or both.) Levelling the soil at or after seeding with harrows will ensure uniform product coverage and best
performance. Application of granules 10 - 14 days prior to incorporation is rquired for best results.

8. Application Tips:

Choice of formulation: Use liquid formulation on soil free of trash. Use granules on all soils including
those with heavy trash cover. Granules may be applied in the fall prior to or in conjunction with fertilizer
banding.

Fall minimum tillage application: fall minimum tillage applications should be made when the average
soil temperature at the 5 cm depth is 4°C or less and within 3 weeks of soil freeze-up. This situation
generally occurs by October 1. No fall incorporation is required. Incorporation may be conducted in the
spring prior to seeding or at seeding. Do not use this treatment on soil with less than 2% organic matter.
Under excessively warm or wet conditions between application and crop emergence, control may be
reduced. For best results on heavy wild oat infestations, use the incorporated treatments only.

Spring minimum tillage application: Apply Avadex BW/MicroActiv granules in the spring when
average soil temperature at the 5 cm depth is 4°C or less. Applications should be made to soil which have
adequate trash cover to prevent soil erosion between application and seeding. Ensure that the time between
application and incorporation is a minimum of 10 - 14 days. Do not apply more than 4 weeks before
intended seeding.

For optimum results with Avadex BW minimum tillage treatments, seed when wild oat growth is noticeable
in the field. This will ensure that the soil is warm enough for activation of Avadex BW. Minimum tillage
applications should not be made to fields covered with snow or excessive crop residue that will not allow
granule contact with soil. If excessive crop residue exists at the time of application, a vigorous harrowing can
be used to ensure that the herbicide granules make adequate contact with the soil. Under excessively warm
or wet conditions between application and crop emergence, control may be reduced. For best results on
heavy wild oat infestations, use the incorporated treatment only. Soil colour may not be a precise indicator of
organic matter content. Ensure that the application rate chosen from the table is appropriate for your soil
type.

Field preparation: Make sure the soil is in good working condition. Reduce trash to an acceptable level
before application. If soil is excessively wet or lumpy, cultivate with suitable equipment to improve soil
condition.

Seeding: Flax, mustard and rapeseed can be seeded in treated layers. Barley and wheat are more sensitive
and should be planted 6.0 - 7.5 cm. Wheat must be seeded below the treated layer. After seeding, any deep
ridges left by drills must be levelled by harrowing. Treflan/Rival Mixes: Drought conditions in the year of
treatment may result in higher levels of Treflan/Rival carryover. To avoid wheat injury, seed 6.0 - 7.5 cm into
warm, moist seedbed.

Herbicides

rbicides

Avadex BW/MicroActiv (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Absorbed by germinating wild oat shoots, usually resulting in death before emergence.
Under dry conditions, wild oats may emerge before being killed.

10. Expected Results:

wild oats: Usually kills wild oats before they emerge. Scraping away the soil 1 - 2 weeks following
treatment will expose white to yellow wild oats shoots 2.0 - 2.5 cm in length with pinched tips. Plants which
have emerged and absorbed a lethal dose will cease growth, leaves become brittle and bluish-green in
colour. Under dry conditions, a rainfall of 1.5 cm or more when wild oats are emerging can cause post-
emergent die-back of a high percentage of wild oat plants.

Crop: Wheat seeded into the treatment zone under very dry soil conditions may be thinned and delayed
when germinating and emerging just prior to a heavy rainfall. Wheat must be seeded at least 1.5 cm below
the treated layer of soil (e.g. 5 - 7.5 cm). Some wheat thinning may be noted on eroded knolls. Poor
results may be expected if incomplete incorporation due to wet, cloddy soil or heavy trash,
incorporation delayed, very dry soil conditions in spring or prolonged cool soil temperatures at time of
germination. Ridges left by seeding may disrupt the treated layer and allow escapes.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Moisture is required for activation. Rainfall of at least 1.5 cm within 2 weeks of
application in the spring is required to ensure maximum performance.

12. Movement in Soil: Negligible.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Oats should not be seeded into soil treated with Avadex BW in the previous year.
Drift: No effect on standing crops.

Grazing restrictions: Treated underseeded legumes cannot be harvested for green feed, silage or hay in
year of seeding. Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support such
use.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 1,675 - 2,165 mg/kg. May cause slight eye
irritation. Slightly toxic to fish. Non-toxic to birds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store above 0°C. If frozen, warm to 22°C and agitate to redissolve crystals.

17. Resistance Management: Avadex BW/MicroActiv is a Group 8 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain plants naturally resistant to Avadex BW/MicroActiv and other Group 8 herbicides. The resistant
individuals can eventually dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Avenge 200-C (difenzoquat)

Group 8

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

WARNING POISON

1 . Formulations: Liquid; Avenge 200-C; 200 g/L; 20 L pail.

2. Registered Mixes: Avenge wheat varieties and barley: 2,4-D Ester, Ally, Buctril M, Clean Crop
(Diphenoprop 600, Estaprop, Turboprop 600, Dichlorprop-D, Interprop), Curtail M, 2,4-D B (Embutox 625,
Caliber 400, Cobutox 400, 2,4-D Butryic 400), MCPA Ester, Pardner, Refine Extra, Thumper. Avenge wheat
varieties and barley under-seeded to legumes: 2,4-DB (Embutox, Cobutox, 2,4-D Butryic 400).
Canary grass: Buctril M, Pardner.

Mixing instructions: Fill tank 1/2 - 3/4 full with water; start agitation. If mixing with Ally or Refine
Extra, add the Ally or Refine Extra to the tank and continue agitation, mixing thoroughly to ensure product
is completely dissolved. Add Avenge to the partially filled tank while agitating. If using a liquid broadleaf
herbicide in the tank mix, add to the tank. Fill remainder of the tank with water and agitate, or cycle at least
five minutes before spraying to ensure thorough mixing. Continue agitation until spraying is complete.

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix or spray within 5 days any formulation containing MCPA Amine,
Banvel II, DyVel, Target, 2,4-D Amine or Blagal.

3. Crops:

barley (all varieties) (8.7) fall rye (Cougar, Frontier, Kodiak, Puma, Rymin) (8.6)

canary grass (8.4) triticale (Carman, Welsh) (9.0)

Forages underseeded to wheat or barley

alfalfa (7.9) crested wheatgrass (7.0) red clover (7.2)

bird's-foot trefoil Kentucky bluegrass red fescue

bromegrass (7.9) meadow fescue (7.4) reed canary grass (7.0)

creeping red fescue (7.8) orchard grass (7.8)

Do not treat underseeded legumes if they are to be grazed or used for feed.

Seedling grasses for forage

meadow foxtail pubescent wheatgrass tall fescue

meadow bromegrass streambank wheatgrass tall wheatgrass

Spring wheat (8.4) use only on the following varieties

AC Barrie

CDC Teal

Fielder

Kenyon

Oslo

Biggar

Columbus

Genesis

Lancer

Pasqua

Bluesky

Conway

Glenlea

Leader

Selkirk

CDC Macua

Cutler

Katepwa

Neepawa

Wildcat

4. Weeds Controlled: Wild oats (7.5).

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

winter wheat (Norstar) (8.7)

Russian wild ryegrass (6.5)
sweet clover (7.6)
timothy (5.1)

Crop stage: Do not apply after the 6 leaf stage of barley, canary seed or wheat.

Weed stage: 3 - 5 leaf stage of wild oats.

Note: apply 3 - 4 leaf stage to minimize early wild oat competition. Very good control at 4 - 5 leaf stage, but
yield increases may be reduced.

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment. Do not apply Ally, Laser, Buctril M, Curtail M, Pardner, Embutox 625,
Estaprop, Refine Extra tank mixes by air.

Herbicides

Avenge 200-C (cont'd)

Rate:

Wild oat infestation level

1 - 200 plants/m^

Over 200 plants/m^

Mixing rates: MCPA Ester (500 g/L): Up to 0.45 L/ac. 2,4-D Ester (570 g/L): Up to 0.4 L/ac.

Ally: Use high rate of Avenge. Others: Label recommended rate.

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac minimum; Ground: 40 L/ac; Spra-Coupe: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended; tilted 45° forward for better spray penetration. 50 mesh metal screens and
filters.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply if the crop is stressed from extreme drought or excessive moisture. Do not
spray if freezing temperatures are forecast. Avenge can be sprayed if leaf surface is wet, as long as the spray
solution will not drip off the leaf surface after application. Apply a minimum of 30 days after seeding for best
results.

9. How it Works: Acts on the growing point located at or just above the soil surface; placing herbicide at or
below this point is most efficient. Disrupts cell division and elongation causing growth to stop. Best at high
temperature and humidity.

10. Expected Results:

Wild oats: Start to yellow within 3 - 5 days. Effect is faster when temperature and humidity are high.
Affected plants will turn brown or remain stunted and partially green throughout the season but competitive
effect will be removed. Wild oats in the 1 - 2 leaf stage at spraying or those that emerge after spraying will
be unaffected.

Crop: Slight yellowing may be visible 5 - 7 days after application and will remain visible for 2 weeks. Poor
results may be expected if spraying before 3 leaf stage; too low a rate for wild oat population;
inadequate coverage due to dense broadleaf weeds; drought or temperature stress.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not spray if rainfall is forecast within 6 hours of application.

12. Movement in Soil: is strongly absorbed to soil particles, is not leached nor carried in runoff appreciably.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Only oats can be seriously affected by drift.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or feed crop for 8 weeks after treatment. Treated underseeded forages
or seedling grasses for forage should not be grazed or harvested for feed during the year of treatment.

Crop use after hail: Do not process for 8 weeks after treatment.

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 863 - 912 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish,
birds or bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Headaches, tiredness and diarrhea.

16. Storage: Will withstand freezing temperatures, returning to full solution as temperature increases.

17. Resistance Management: Avenge 200-C is a Group 8 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Avenge 200-C and other Group 8 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

200-C atr or Qround

1.4 l/ac
1.7 l/ac

Banvel II (dicamba)

Group 4

Manufacturer; BASF Canada

1. Formulations: Solution 480 g/L diglycolamine salt formulation; 2 x 10 L jugs; 55 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Barley, wheat: Sencor, 2,4-D, MCPA. Winter wheat: 2,4-D, MCPA. Canary seed
and oats: MCPA. Corn, pasture, non-crop: 2,4-D. Chemical fallow, stubble: 2,4-D, Roundup,
Touchdown. Red fescue, spring rye: 2,4-D. Seedling grasses - 2,4-D.

3. Crops:

barley (8.2)

non-crop areas

red fescue (seed crops)

spring wheat (8.2)

canary seed

oats (8.6)

reduced tillage

summerfallow stubble

durum wheat (8.2)

pasture grasses

spring rye

winter wheat (8.2)

field corn

rangeland grasses

Seedling grasses

creeping fescue

meadow fescue

slender wheatgrass

tall fescue

crested wheatgrass

orchard grass

smooth bromegrass

tall wheatgrass

foxtail

pubescent wheatgrass streambank wheatgrass

timothy

intermediate wheatgrass

Weeds Controlled:

Banvel II alone (crop rates): 95-115 miyac

annual smartweeds (6.4)

corn spurry

perennial sow-thistle*

Canada thistle

cow cockle (6.9) tartary buckwheat (6.7)

cleavers (at 1 1 5 mL/ac rate

) lady's-thumb

wild buckwheat (7.9)

* Top growth only.

Banvel II -t- 2,4-D (crops rates, reduced tillage), Banvel II + MCPA (crop rates)

burdock

Indian mustard

Russian thistle

volunteer sunflower

common ragweed

kochia

stinkweed

wild mustard

false ragweed

lady's-thumb

tartary buckwheat

wild radish

flixweed

lamb's-quarters

wild buckwheat

wormseed mustard

giant ragweed

prostate pigweed

volunteer canola

tumble mustard

hare's-ear mustard

redroot pigweed

volunteer cow cockle

hemp-nettle*

Russian pigweed

volunteer shepherd's-purse

* Banvel II -I- MCPA only.

Banvel II alone (pasture, rangeland, non-crop areas; 2 rates)

Lower rate (0.67 L/ac)

Canada thistle

field bindweed

perennial sow-thistle

English daisy

goldenrod

tansy ragwort

Higher rate (1.9 L/ac)

diffuse knapweed

ground cherry

poverty weed thyme-leaved spurge

goat's-beard

pasture sage

sheep sorrel

Banvel II + Roundup (reduced tillage, preseeding in direct seeding)

cleavers (1 -4 whorls)***

lady's-thumb

stinkweed (9.0)

wild buckwheat*

cow cockle (8.6)

lamb's-quarters

volunteer brome

wild mustard (8.9)

flixweed**

Persian darnel*

volunteer cereals

wild oats (8.4)

green foxtail (8.5)

Russian thistle (8.0) volunteer downy*

kochia

smartweed*

volunteer canola****

* Preseeding applications prior to direct seeding only.
** For flixweed, use 400 mL/ac rate of Roundup.

*** Suppression.

**** Excluding volunteer Roundup Ready Canola.

Banvell II (cont'd)

Banvel II + 2,4-D (brush)

alder cherry wild rose

aspen poplar western snowberry wolf willow

5. Weeds Suppressed: Controls top growth of Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle and suppresses
cleavers at in-crop rates. Top growth control of curled dock at lower pasture rate. Banvel II -I- Roundup
suppresses foxtail barley, redroot pigweed and wild buckwheat. Banvel II -f 2,4-D on reduced tillage controls
top growth of Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle. Apply Banvel II at 240 mL/ac + 600 mL of 2,4-D
Amine in the spring for suppression of volunteer alfalfa in established grass pasture.

6. When Used:

Summerfallow: Banvel II alone for Canada thistle rosette only, cultivate in the early spring and continue
as required. Final cultivation must occur by the end of July (between July 15 and August 1). To encourage
rosette formation, the final cultivation should cut the thistles off at 5 - 7.5 cm below the soil surface. Under
normal growing conditions, regrowth of Canada thistle should take 3 - 4 weeks. Apply Banvel II at least
2 weeks prior to a killing frost when the majority of Canada thistle plants are in the rosette stage and
15 - 25 cm in diameter. Resume cultivation 3 weeks after treatment. For maximum control, use Banvel II in a
cereal crop the following year at the recommended crop stage and rate.

Banvel II -I- Roundup: For Canada thistle and/or perennial sow-thistle only, perform the final tillage
operation the last week of July or first week of August. Allow thistles to regrow for a minimum of
4 weeks and apply when the majority of thistles have emerged. Apply before thistles reach early bud stage
(15 - 25 cm tall).

Stubble: Banvel II alone or Banvel II -I- Roundup. When thistle regrowth is 10 - 15 cm tall. Apply 2 weeks
prior to first killing frost.

Pastures, rangeland grasses: When weeds are actively growing or brush species are under 2 m tall.
Reduced tillage for annual weeds, summerfallow: Banvel II -t- Roundup on actively growing weeds
from 8 - 15 cm tall. Banvel II + 2,4-D on actively-growing weeds at the 2 - 4 leaf stage.

Preseeding application in direct seeding: Banvel II -I- Roundup may be applied to emerging annual
grasses and broadleaf weeds in direct seeding systems prior to seeding wheat, barley, oats and field corn (not
sweet corn). Planting should follow soon after application since this tank mix does not provide residual weed
control. Delayed planting following application will allow weeds to emerge between application and crop
emergence.

Cleavers: Spray before 3 whorl stage for better control.

Rscofflmended Leaf Stage or Height of Crop

Banvel 11/

Banvel II +

Crop

alone

2,4-0 Amine 500

Ally**

MCPA Amine 500

MCPA K 400

Metribuzin

Barley

2 - 5

2-5

2 - 5

2-3

Canary seed

3 - 5

IMR"

3 - 5

Corn (post-emergent)

Up to 20 cm

Up to 10 cm

(drop nozzles)

20 - 50 cm

1 0 - 50 cm

Durum wheat

2 - 5

|2 -

Oats

2-5

|2 -

Red fescue (seedling)

5 cm tall

|nr

(established)

Up to flag leaf

t NR

Seedling grasses

2-4

Spring rye

2-3

Spring wheat

2-5

Winter wheat

15 - 25 cm

1 5 ‘ 25 cm

1 5 - 25 cm

* NR - Not Registered.
** Do not use surfactant.

Banvell II (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac minimum. Ground: Cereals, seed grasses: 45 L/ac. Corn: 90 - 140 L/ac.
Summerfallow/stubble (thistles): 45 - 90 L/ac. Reduced tillage: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Pastures, rangeland grasses: 45 - 90 L/ac. Preseeding application prior to direct seeding: 40 L/ac.
Pressure: Air: not above 200 kPa. Ground: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Rate:

Air: (Banvel II + phenoxy mixes only). Apply only 95 mL/ac of Banvel II by air.

Ground: See table.

Banvel it 480 g/L Formulation

Banvel II

Banvel it +

Banvel It +

Banvel II +

Banvel 1! +

Banvel II + Metribuzin

alone

2,4»D Amine 500

Ally

MCPA Amine 500

MCPA K 400

(Sencor or Lexone DF)

Crop

mL/ac

ml/ac + ml/ac

ml/ac + g/ac

mt/ac + ml/ac

ml/ac + ml/ac

ml/ac + (ml/ac or g/ac)

Barley

95 -t- 340

95 + 2

95 + 340

95 + 445

95 + 110 - 170 or 110

Canary seed

115

NR*

115 + 340

Durum wheat,
wmter wheat

95 - 115

95 - 115 + 340

95 - 115 + 445

Field corn

245 - 500

115-^340

Oats

95 - 115

95 - 115 + 340

95 - 115 + 445

Red fescue

245

245 + 600

Seedling grasses

95 - 115

95-115-1- 340

95 - 115 + 340

95 - 115 + 445

Spring rye

95 - 115

95 - 115 340

Spring wheat

95-115

95 - 115 -f 340

95 + 2

95 - 115 + 340

95 - 115 + 445

95 + 110 - 170 or no

* NR - Not Registered.

Banvet It
atone

Banvel It + 2,4<D
Amine 500

Banvet II + 2,4-D
LV Ester 600

Banvel II + Roundup +
non-ionic surfactant

Other uses

t/ac

rate/ac

ml/ac

Fallow (thistle rosette)

0.5 L

f^llow/stubble (thistles)

1.0 L

510 + 690 + 142

Reduced tillage

95 - 115 mL + 445 ml

95- 115 ml + 370 mL

(115 - 245) + (305 - 400)

Pastures/range (brush)

2.1 L + 4.0 L
in 1 ,000 L water

2.1 L + 3.3 L
in 1,000 L water

Pastures/range (weeds)

0.67 L- 1.9 L 0.67 L+ 0.90 L

0.67 L + 0.75 L

Pastures (volunteer

240 ml + 600 ml

alfalfa)

Pre- seeding

125 + 375 + 0.5%v/v

(direct seeding)

Brush species

Aspen poplar
Western snowberry
Wild rose

Broadcast application of Banvet II + 2,4-D in 90 - 130 l/ac of w

1.3 l/ac + 1.7 l/ac 2,4-0 Amine 500 or 1.5 L/ac 2,4-D Ester 600
1 .5 L/ac + 1 .5 l/ac 2,4-D Ester 600

1.5 L/ac + 1.7 l/ac 2,4-D Amine 500 or 1.5 l/ac 2,4-D Ester 600

* NR - Not Registered.

Herbicides

Banvell II (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Best when crop is under good growing conditions and air temperature 10 - 25°C. Avoid
application when crop is under stress from adverse environmental conditions. Do not spray if risk of frost or
severe drop in night temperature is forecast. Do not use on bentgrass. Apply only at recommended crop
stage otherwise crop damage can occur.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through roots and leaves and translocated in phloem and xylem, disrupting the
metabolism.

1 0. Expected Results:

Weeds: Results may take 10-14 days to appear. Proliferation of tissues in plant causes twisting, bending of
stem and leaf petioles; cupping of leaves; increase in root size; increase in fibrous roots.

Crops: Shortening of straw may occur in treated crops without adverse affects on yield. If applied at other
than recommended crop stage, head and stem deformities may occur. Crops under stress from adverse
environmental conditions may suffer a further setback. Crop injury may be offset by weed control obtained.
Poor results may be expected if it rains within 4 hours, older weeds are sprayed or insufficient water.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall more than 4 hours after application will not reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Dicamba is more subject to leaching in sandy soils than in clay textured soils. During the
growing season, the half-life of dicamba is less than 30 days.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: When Banvel II is applied at 1.0 L/ac on fallow or stubble. Grow only beans (white),
cereals, corn (field, sweet) or soybeans the next year. After Banvel II (510 mL/ac) -I- Roundup (690 mL/ac)
for thistle control, grow only beans (white), cereals, corn (field, sweet), rapeseed or soybeans. If application
is after September 1 or if soil is dry subsequent to application, crop injury may occur next spring.

Drift: Can harm ornamentals and other desirable plants.

Grazing restrictions:

Canary seed: Use seed only as bird seed.

Cereals, seedling grasses: Follow as per grazing and haying restrictions.

Corn: Do not graze or harvest for silage until 7 days after Banvel II alone or Banvel II + 2,4-D Amine; at
least 12 weeks after other tank mixes.

Pastures, rangeland, non-crop area (meat animals): If treated vegetation has been consumed by meat
animals within 30 days of Banvel II application, feed the animal with untreated diet for 30 days before
slaughter. Meat animals may graze or feed on treated pasture 30 days after Banvel II application without
restrictions on slaughter.

Grazing and hay restrictions (dairy cattle): (Days = time between treatment and grazing or cutting.)
Up to 500 mL/ac: 0 days, 501 - 930 mL/ac: 7 days, 931 mL/ac - 1.86 L/ac: 14 days,

1.87 -2.87 L/ac: 30 days.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = formulated 2,629 mg/kg. May cause mild
skin irritation and extreme eye irritation and swelling. Non-toxic to fish and birds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: If frozen, shake thoroughly before use. No activity is lost if completely resuspended.

17. Resistance Management: Banvel II is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Banvel II and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Basagran (bentazon)

Manufacturer: BASF Canai

Group 6

‘X

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; 480 g/L; 2 X 9 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Basagran: Spring wheat only: 2,4-D 500 Amine or Ester.

Surfactants: Assist Oil Concentrate (all crops), Citowett Plus (processing peas), Super Spreader.

3. Crops:
aifalfa^'^
alsike clover"
black beans
blueberry
bromegrass'’
creeping red fescue'’
crested wheatgrass'’
dry beans (8.1)
fababeans (8.6)

^ Seedling legumes for seed production only.

^ Seedling grasses for seed production only.

Established stand for seed production.

4. Weeds Controlled:

field corn (8.8)
field peas (8.5)
flax (8.8) (including low
linolenic acid varieties)
kidney beans
lima beans
linola

meadow foxtail'’

orchard grass'’
pinto beans
processing peas (8.3)
red clover"
sainfoin""
seed corn (8.8)
silage corn (8.8)
snap beans (8.1)

snow peas
soybeans

spring wheat (including under-
seeded to forage crops listed)
sweet clover"
sweet corn (8.8)
timothy'’
white beans

annual smartweed (7.0)

bird rape*

buttercup

cleavers

cocklebur

common chickweed (7.2)

common groundsel (8.5)*
common ragweed*
corn spurry (7.0)
giant ragweed*
hairy galinsoga
hairy nightshade (6.0)

lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (6.2)*
low cudweed
purslane

redroot pigweed (7.2)*
Russian thistle (7.9)

shepherd's-purse (7.3)
stinkweed (7.8)
stork's-bill
volunteer canola
wild mustard (8.4)
wild radish

* Triazine resistant strains of these weeds are controlled by Basagran.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle** (single application) (4.7), field bindweed*, Russian thistle.

* Treat field bindweed before it is dark green and has begun to trail.

** Repeat application may be required for control.

6. When Used:

Beans (dry, kidney, lima, snap, white): 1 - 3 trifoliate leaves.
Corn: 1 - 5 leaf.

Fababeans: Soon after 3 leaf stage.

Flax: Soon after crop reaches 5 cm.

Peas (field, processing): Soon after 3 pair of leaves form.

Soybeans: Unifoliate - 2 expanded trifoliate leaves, usually 18-28 day after planting.

Spring wheat: Tolerant at any growth stage.

Seedling forage legumes (alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, sainfoin): Tolerant after 3rd trifoliate stage.
Seedling forage grasses: Tolerant at 1 - 7 leaf stage.

Established forage legumes (Alfalfa, tolerant before crop canopy closes, prior to flowering).

Sainfoin, clover: Tolerant between 7.5 - 25 cm height.

Herbicides

Basagran (cont'd)

How to Apply:

with: Aircraft (Basagran and Assist only) or ground equipment.

Rate:

Basagran:

910 mL/ac: All crops/weeds listed.

710 mL/ac: For control of cocklebur, lady’s-thumb, wild mustard, bird rape, stinkweed or shepherd’s-purse
only. For Canada thistle suppression, repeat applications 7-15 days after application if necessary.

400 mL/ac: For spring wheat (not underseeded) only when tank mixed with 2,4-D Amine or Ester
(470 g/L) at 300 - 400 mL/ac. This tank mix will control lady’s-thumb, bluebur, burdock (<4 leaf),
cocklebur, common plantain, flixweed, lamb’s-quarters, mustard (except dog and tansy), prickly lettuce,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, shepherd’s-purse, stinkweed, sweet clover, volunteer canola, wild radish
and wild sunflower. Application should be made at the 2 - 4 leaf stage of these weeds.

Assist: Ground: Add 400 mL of Assist per 40 litres of water with a maximum rate of 810 mL/ac. Reduce
Assist to 400 mL/ac under hot, humid conditions. Air: Add 50 - 100 mL/ac of Assist. Do not use Assist in
excess of 100 mL/ac as substantial crop injury could occur.

Water volume: Air: 20 - 40 L/ac. Ground: 40 - 160 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 275 kPa minimum. Ground: 275 - 425 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan or hollow cone only recommended. Tilt 45° forward to ensure better coverage.

Note: Basagran Forte is not registered for aerial applicaiton.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply to crops that have been stressed (e.g. hail damage, flooding, drought, widely
fluctuating temperatures, prolonged cold weather). Best results are when weeds are young and actively
growing. Apply Basagran when broadleaf weeds are small and actively growing and before the weeds reach
the maximum size recommended for treatment. Apply Basagran to stork’s-bill at the 2 - 6 leaf stage and to
cleavers at the 1 - 3 whorl stage. Basagran should be applied when the main weed of concern is in the
suggested growth stage for treatment.

Band spraying: Spray minimum of 25 cm wide band. Minimize the amount of dust striking target weeds
to ensure adequate coverage and penetration. Do not use cultivation equipment when spraying. Adjust the
Basagran rate to proportion of the total area to be sprayed.

9. How it Works: Contact herbicide which interferes with photosynthesis. In resistant plants, metabolized to a
non-toxic material. Uptake into the plant occurs primarily through the leaves. Thorough coverage of foliage
is important for consistent weed control.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Weeds turn yellow initially and then brown, usually within 2 weeks.

Crops: Yellowing, bronzing, speckling or burning occurs sometimes. The crop usually outgrows the
condition within 10 days. Poor results may be expected when weeds are beyond recommended
growth stage, when spray coverage is poor or under poor growing conditions (cool weather conditions or
drought) .

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 - 8 hours of application may reduce activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Bentazon is not adsorbed to soil particles but is rapidly incorporated into the soil organic
matter by microorganisms. Does not leach below plow layer.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Avoid drift onto susceptible crops such as adzuki and mung beans, cucumbers, lentils, mustard,
rapeseed, sugar beets and sunflowers.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Basagran (cont'd)

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral 103^ (rats) = technical 1,100 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to
fish. Non-toxic to birds and bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a heated place, freezing will not affect activity. If frozen, warm to room temperature and
shake well.

1 7. Resistance Management: Basagran is a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Basagran/Basagran Forte and other Group 6 herbicides. The resistant individuals can
eventually dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed
(seepage 38 - 42).

Basagran Forte (bentazon)

1. Formulations: Liquid; 480 g/L; 2 X 10 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None

3. Crops: Dry bean, kidney bean, white bean, grain corn, silage corn, sweet corn, seed corn), flax (including
low linolenic acid), forages, field peas, processing peas, soybeans, fababeans.

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual smartweed (7.0) common chickweed (7.2) hairy galinsoga

bird rape* common groundsel (8.5)* hairy nightshade (6.0)

buttercup common ragweed* lady's-thumb

cleavers corn spurry (7.0) lamb's-quarters (6.2)*

cocklebur giant ragweed* low cudweed

* Triazine resistant strains of these weeds are controlled by Basagran Forte.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (4.7), field bindweed*, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle.

* Treat field bindweed before it is dark green and has begun to trail.

6. When Used:

Beans (dry, kidney, white): 1 - 3 trifoliate leaves.

Corn: 1 - 5 leaf.

Forages: 3-8 leaf stage before closure of crop canopy.

Flax: Soon after crop reaches 5 cm.

Peas (field, processing): Soon after 3 pair of leaves form.

Soybeans: Unifoliate - 2 expanded trifoliate leaves, usually 18-28 day after planting.

Fababeans: Soon after 3 leaf stage.

purslane

shepherd's-purse (7.3)
stinkweed (7.8)
wild mustard (8.4)
wild radish

Basagran Forte (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate: 910 mL/ac: All crops/ weeds listed.

Water volume: 40 - 160 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 425 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan or hollow cone only recommended. Tilt 45° forward to ensure better coverage.

Note: Basagran Forte is not registered for aerial applicaiton.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply to crops that have been stressed (e.g. hail damage, flooding, drought, widely
fluctuating temperatures, prolonged cold weather) . Best results are when weeds are young and actively
growing. Apply Basagran Forte when broadleaf weeds are small and actively growing and before the weeds
reach the maximum size recommended for treatment. Basagran Forte to cleavers at the 1 - 3 whorl stage.
Basagran should be applied when the main weed of concern is in the suggested growth stage for treatment.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Weeds turn yellow initially and then brown, usually within 2 weeks.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 - 8 hours of application may reduce activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Bentazon is not adsorbed to soil particles but is rapidly incorporated into the soil organic
matter by microorganisms. Does not leach below plow layer.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Avoid drift onto susceptible crops such as adzuki and mung beans, cucumbers, lentils, mustard,
rapeseed, sugar beets and sunflowers.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 1,100 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to
fish. Non-toxic to birds and bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a heated place, freezing will not affect activity. If frozen, warm to room temperature and
shake well.

17. Resistance Management: Basagran Forte is a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Basagran Forte and other Group 6 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Betamix (phenmedipham + desmedipham)

10 L bottle.

2. Registered Mixes: Herbicide 273.

3. Crops: Sugar beet.

4. Weeds Controlled:

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate: 75 g/L phenmedipham + 75 g/L desmedipham;

green foxtail
kochia

lamb's-quarters

mustard

nightshade

ragweed

redroot pigweed
stinkweed

wild buckwheat
yellow foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used: Early post-emergence when weeds are early cotyledon to 4 leaves. Do not commence spray
application until mid-afternoon.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment as a band or broadcast treatment.

Rate: 1.0 - 4.45 L/ac broadcast equivalent in a maximum of 42 litres of water for each litre of Betamix. Use
low rate on early cotyledon beets and high rate on beets with at least 4 fully expanded leaves. Repeat
application for improved weed control.

8. Application Tips: Avoid spraying until mid-afternoon when daytime temperatures will exceed 22°C. High
humidity increases efficacy. Best results are obtained with repeat applications of the lowest rate commencing
when the first weeds emerge.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through leaves. Sharply inhibits rate of assimilation of CO2 in treated plants within
6 hours. Resistant species (sugar beets) begin recovery in this time while susceptible species do not.

1 0. Expected Results: Under warm conditions, weed kill is complete in 4 - 7 days. Cool conditions require
longer periods of up to 2 weeks.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours of application may reduce weed kill.

12. Movement in Soil: Very little leaching occurs.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

1 4. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ phenmedipham (rat) = 8,000 mg/kg. Acute dermal LD^^ phenmedipham
(rat) = 4,000 mg/kg. Acute oral LD^^ desmedipham (rat) = >10,250 mg/kg. Toxic to fish - avoid
contamination of water supply.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Do not store below 0°C.

sapioiqji

Betamix (cont'd)

17. Resistance Management: Betamix is a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may contain plants
naturally resistant to Betamix and other Group 5 herbicides. The resistant individuals can eventually
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Buctril M: 280 g/L bromoxynil + 280 g/L MCPA; 8 L jugs, 113 L.
Mextrol: 200 g/L bromoxynil + 200 g/L MCPA; 11.36 L jugs.

Badge: 225 g/L bromoxynil + 225 g/L MCPA; 10 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Spring wheat, durum wheat, winter wheat: Accord*, Accord and Avenge*,
Achieve Liquid*, Ally, Avenge, Horizon, MCPA Amine, Ester, K-salt, Puma^^° Super*, Refine Extra*,

Puma^^° Super + Refine Extra*. Barley: Achieve Liquid*, Ally, Avenge, MCPA Amine, Ester, K-salt,

Puma^2° Super*, Refine Extra*, Puma^^° Super -I- Refine Extra*. Oats: MCPA Amine, Ester, K-salt.

Flax: Fusion, Poast Ultra, Select. Low linolenic acid flax varieties: Fusion*, Select. Corn: Atrazine.

* Buctril M only.

Mixing restrictions: Ally: add 1/2 amount of water to tank, add Ally, agitate, add rest of water, add
Buctril M/Mextrol and then surfactant. Atrazine: add Atrazine (450 - 910 g active/ac) to tank first. Do not
add oil or surfactant. Observe precautions and limitations of both labels. TCA: Prepare Buctril M/Mextrol
mix, then add TCA. Avenge: add 1/2 of the water, add Buctril M/Mextrol, add rest of water, add Avenge.
MCPA: add 1/2 of the water, add MCPA, agitate, add rest of water, add Buctril M/Mextrol.

Achieve Liquid: Refer to Achieve Liquid write-up for mixing instructions. Select: Prepare Buctril M/Mextrol
mix, then add Select plus Amigo. Horizon: add Buctril M/Mextrol, then add Horizon, then add Score.
Puma^^o Super; add Buctril M/Mextrol, then add Puma^^o Super.

Buctril M/Mextrol/Badge

(bromoxynil + MCPA)

WARNING POISON

3. Crops:

barley (8.8)
canary seed (8.5)
durum wheat (8.6)

fall rye

field corn (9.0)
flax (8.4)

oats (8.8)

solin (low linolenic flax)
spring wheat (8.6)

sweet corn (9.0)
winter wheat (8.8)

(fall or spring applied)

Seedling grasses (for seed)

bromegrass (8.9)
creeping red fescue (8.7)
crested wheatgrass (8.5)
intermediate wheatgrass (8.5)
meadow fescue (8.3)

meadow foxtail
orchard grass (8.9)
reed canary grass
Russian wild ryegrass (9.0)

slender wheatgrass (8.5)
tall fescue

tall wheatgrass (8.5)
timothy (8.5)

Established grasses

timothy (for seed or hay)

Underseeding: Legumes not recommended.

Buctril M/Mextrol/Badge (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

American nightshade
ball mustard
bluebur
cocklebur

common buckwheat
common groundsel
common ragweed
cow cockle (7.8)
flixweed (5.7)

green smartweed

kochia (6.7)

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters (8.6)

night-flowering catchfly (7.8)

pale smartweed (8.2)

redroot pigweed (7.9) (except flax)

Russian thistle (7.1)

scentless chamomile (7.2) (seedlings only)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (4.9), perennial sow-thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage:

Barley, oats and wheat: 2 leaf to early flag leaf.

shepherd's-purse (6.0)
stinkweed (8.9)
tartary buckwheat (8.5)
volunteer rapeseed (8.7)
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (8.1)
wild mustard (8.4)
wild tomato
wormseed mustard

Winter wheat, fall rye: 2 - 4 leaf in the fall or after growth begins in the spring, but prior to flag leaf.
Canary seed: 3 - 5 leaf. Flax: 5 - 10 cm. Corn: 4 - 6 leaf.

Seedling grasses: 2 - 4 leaf (establishment year only, not underseeded to legumes).

Established timothy (for hay): 3 - 6 leaf stage.

Weed stage:

Weeds controlled up to 4 leaf stage: American nightshade, bluebur, ball mustard, cocklebur, cow cockle*,
flixweed, green smartweed, lady’s-thumb, night flowering catchfly, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle**,
scentless chamomile***, shepherd’s-purse, volunteer rapeseed, volunteer sunflower.

Weeds controlled up to 8 leaf stage: Canada thistle (top growth), common buckwheat, common groundsel,
common ragweed, lamb’s-quarters, pale smartweed (seedlings), perennial sow-thistle (top growth),
stinkweed, tartary buckwheat, wild buckwheat, wild mustard, wild tomatos (up to 6 leaf stage) wormseed
mustard.

* In normal conditions, cow cockle will be controlled up to the 4 leaf stage. Plants beyond this stage are unlikely to be
controlled.

** Spray before plants are 5 cm high.

*** Spring annuals only.

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft (wheat, barley and oats only) or ground equipment.

Rate: 400 mL/ac (Buctril M); 567 mL/ac (Mextrol); 500 mL/ac (Badge).

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac or more. Ground: 20 L/ac or more. Corn: 80 - 120 L/ac.

Seedling grasses: 60 L/ac; Established timothy: 60 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended. Hollow cone (air only).

8. Application Tips: Avoid spraying during a severe drought. Under conditions of high temperature and
humidity, slight discolouration of cereals may occur but no effect on crop yields. Flax is less tolerant than
cereals; therefore, do not spray flax in hot humid weather when daytime temperatures are over 25 - 29°C.
Best results are achieved when weeds are sprayed in seedling stage, with good spray coverage.

Corn: Buctril M at 400 mL/ac (or Mextrol at 567 ml/ac) as an overall spray only up to 6 leaf stage.

Buctril M -1- Atrazine (or Mextrol -I- Atrazine) for a broader spectrum of weed control. Cultivation after
application is not recommended.

9. How it Works: Bromoxynil is a contact type herbicide; therefore, good spray coverage is essential. Inhibits
photosynthesis and plant respiration. MCPA is absorbed through leaves and is readily translocated in the
plant.

10. Expected Results: Small burnt spots on the leaf can appear within hours, death takes up to 2 weeks. Poor
results may be expected if poor coverage. Poor penetration through crop canopy.

Herbicides

Buctril M/Mextrol/Badge (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect.

12. Movement in Soil: Readily leached from soil. Longer residual in dry soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for greenfeed until 30 days after treatment.

1 4. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 365 mg/kg. Very toxic to fish and birds.
Non-toxic to bees. May cause burns and may be absorbed through the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Buctril M formulations will solidify at temperatures below -20°C but will become useable at
temperatures above 0°C.

17. Resistance Management: Buctril M/Mextrol/Badge is both a Group 4 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Buctril M/Mextrol and other Group 4 and

6 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used
repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management
strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

1. Formulations: Calmix Pellets; 3.0% bromacil -f- 5% 2,4-D; 1 kg, 5 kg bags.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Non-crop areas only.

4. Weeds Controlled: Non-selective.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used: May be applied during the growing season, but to prevent growth, apply in fall or early spring.

7. How to Apply:

With: Calmix spreader or shaker.

Rate: Apply higher rate to heavier soils and/or to extend the growth control period.

Spot treatment Calmix; 37.5 g to about 1 m^. Repeat treatment when required. Around utility poles, treat
1.25 m around each pole, 250 g Calmix/pole.

Calmix Pellets (bromacil H- 2,4-D)

CAUTION POISON

Weeds

Annual weeds and perennial seedlings
Heavy perennial growth
Shallow-rooted perennials

Calmix Pellets
kg/100 m*

2.5

5.0

3.75

Calmix Pellets (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Do not use near lawns or flower beds. Do not apply closer than 1.5 times the

height of nearby trees. Roots from large trees may extend well beyond the height of the tree and may
extend beneath areas to be treated. Be cautious where trees are in close proximity to the treatment site. Do
not apply on slopes where water erosion may carry chemical onto areas of desirable vegetation. Do not
contaminate water used for irrigation or other domestic uses.

9. How it Works: Systemic action, enters plant via roots.

10. Expected Results: Vegetation turns brown and dies. No new growth will appear, resulting in bare ground.
Rapidity and duration of control will depend upon amount of chemical applied, soil type and environmental
conditions. Poor results may be expected if inadequate application rates, soil erosion removes chemical
from treated area when applied on slopes or insufficient rainfall to activate chemical.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Moisture will activate and carry the herbicide into the root zone.

12. Movement in Soil: Once fixed in the soil, there is very little lateral movement. Pellets and granular can be
carried by erosion.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Use on non-crop areas only.

Grazing restrictions: Use on non-crop areas only.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = bromacil 5,200 mg/kg;

2,4-D = 375 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to fish. Non-toxic to birds. May cause burns and may be absorbed through
the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in dry area.

Casoron (dichlobenil)

1. Formulations: Granular; 4%; 2 kg, 3 kg shaker jug, 15 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

arbor vitae
ash

caragana shelterbelts
crabapple

cutleaf weeping birch

established fruit trees*

honeysuckle

juniper

lilac

linden

maple

non-crop areas
raspberries

roses

saskatoons
white cedar
willow

* Apple, cherry, peach, pear, plum at least 1 year old.

Herbicides

Casoron (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual bluegrass

artemisia*

bindweed*

Canada thistle*

chickweed

dandelion*

foxtail

groundsel

horsetail

knotweed

kochia

lamb's-quarters

mustard

pigweed

plantain

purple loosestrife

purslane

quackgrass*

* Controlled with higher rates with late fall application.

shepherd's-purse

smartweeds

sow-thistle

spurge

vetch*

wild buckwheat*

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used: For best results apply when soil temperatures are cool.

Annual weeds: Apply to prepared weed-free soil either in early spring before seeds of annuals germinate
or after cultivation has removed weeds. Do not apply until 4 weeks after transplanting tolerant crops.
Perennial weeds: Apply in fall (October 15 until soil freeze-up) on crops established for at least 1 year.
Quackgrass and artemisia in established woody ornamentals, apply in fall and again in the early spring
before May 1.

Raspberries: Apply in late fall but before soil freeze-up. Do not cultivate or work into the soil. Do not
apply in spring as injury may occur.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground granular applicator.

Rate: Annual weeds: 45 - 70 kg/ac, based on area actually treated.

Quackgrass, artemisia in woody ornamentals: 60 kg/ac in fall; 60 kg/ac again in spring.

Quackgrass, thistles, bindweed in woody ornamentals: 91 - 111 kg/ac.

Raspberries: 71 kg/ac.

8. Application Tips: Do not use on light sandy soils with less than 2% organic matter. Do not use on firs,
hemlock, spruce, Mugho pine or on herbaceous perennials. Do not use in seedbeds, transplant, or cutting
beds or in greenhouses. Do not apply until 6 months after rooting of cuttings in the field.

9. How it Works: Snow melt or rain moves Casoron into the soil. Casoron inhibits germination but acts
primarily on growing points and root tips.

1 0. Expected Results: Growth of emerging shoots of some perennials controlled. Tolerant crops are unaffected
if roots do not come in contact with Casoron in the upper layers of the soil.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If it is dry, poor results can be expected.

12. Movement in Soil: Some movement in coarse-textured soils.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not transplant into treated soil for 1 year. Do not plant vegetables or other
sensitive crops the year following treatment.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

14. Toxicity: Very low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^q (rats) = 3,160 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to fish.

1 5. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Dry storage - not affected by frost.

Champion Extra (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl +

thifensulfuron methyl + tribenuron methyl)

Group 1,2

Manufacturer; DuPont Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Extra: Dry flowable; 50% thifensulfuron methyl, 25% tribenuron methyl; 2 x 162 gram containers.

2. Champion: Emulsifiable concentrate; 92 g/L. fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.; 2 x 8.1 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: mcpa Ester 500 (340 mL/ac).

3. Crops: Barley (all spring varieties).

4. Weeds Controlled:

Champion Extra

barnyard grass
ball mustard
chickweed (8.5)
common groundsel
corn spurry (8.8)
cow cockle (8.7)
flixweed

green foxtail
green smartweed
hemp-nettle (8.4)
kochia (7.8)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.6)

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard
redroot pigweed (8.4)
Russian thistle (7.9)
shepherd's-purse (8.2)
stinkweed (8.6)
tartary buckwheat (8.3)

volunteer rapeseed (8.6)
(excluding CLEARFIELD)
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (7.7)
wild mustard (8.6)
wild oats

Champion Extra + MCPA

Refer to MCPA Ester label for additional weeds controlled.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (7.1), cleavers (6.7), round-leaved mallow (6.4),
scentless chamomile (6.9), sow-thistle, stork’s-bill (6.7), toadflax (less than 15 cm tall) (7.1).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: For optimum crop safety, apply at the 3 - 4 leaf stage of barley. However, Champion Extra may
be applied to barley at the 2 - 5 leaf stage on the main stem with no more than 2 tillers. The
2 tiller stage of barley usually occurs within 25 days after seeding.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass, green foxtail and wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage, prior to the emergence
of the 3rd tiller.

Broadleaf weeds: Apply to young, actively growing broadleaf weeds before the canopy closes. Weeds
emerging after treatment may not be controlled.

Wild buckwheat: 1 - 3 leaf stage.

Cleavers: Apply at 1 - 3 whorl stage.

Canada thistle, sow-thistle: Up to 15 cm tall, apply when the majority of the thistles have emerged and
are actively growing. A single application will effectively inhibit the ability of emerged thistles to compete
with the crop. Later emerging thistles will not be controlled.

Chickweed: 1 - 6 leaf stage and actively growing. Chickweed emerging after application will not be
controlled.

Round-leaved mallow: 2 - 6 leaf stage (10 - 12 cm in height).

Toadflax: up to 15 cm in height. A control program for this weed includes both frequent tillage and
chemical application.

Volunteer rapeseed: Champion Extra alone will not control CLEARFIELD canola.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Champion: 405 mL/ac, Extra: 8 g/ac.

Champion Extra (cont'd)

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Ground 275 kPa.

Nozzles: The use of 80 or 110 flat fan nozzles is recommended for optimum spray coverage.

Mixing instructions:

1. Ensure that the spray tank, lines and filter are thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the spray tank half full with clean water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. Add the required amount of Extra (container #1) while maintaining agitation until Extra is completely in
suspension. Use all containers of Extra, if using more than one container.

4. Add the correct amount of Champion (container #2) and continue agitation. Use all containers of
Champion, if using more than one container.

5. Triple rinse the emptied containers into the spray tank.

6. Add the remaining amount of water while agitation continues.

7. On repeat loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the spray tank from the previous load is
less than 10% of the volume to be mixed.

8. Spray out immediately. Spray mixture should not be left in the tank overnight. If spray solution is left
standing without agitation, thoroughly agitate and re-suspend any settled Champion Extra tank mix
before resuming the spraying operation.

9. Do not tank mix with any other chemical additives, pesticides. Surfactants or fertilizers.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Champion Extra when cleaning.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually inspect
tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Champion Extra. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, then add more water and
ammonia to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for
15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses booms and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain
the tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately in bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Reduced control may result during periods of stress when plants are not actively growing,
or when daytime temperatures - before or following application - are very hot combined with very dry
conditions and low humidity, or when plants are under stress. Do not apply to crop that is stressed by
severe weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil, disease or insect damage as crop
injury may result. A time interval of 7 days prior to application or 4 days after application of Champion Extra
tank mix is required before any other pesticide can be applied.

9. How it Works:

Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl: Contact as well as systemic, no soil activity. Regions of high meristematic activity
such as root and shoot tips are known to be affected.

Thifensulfuron and Tribenuron: Absorbed by foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results:

Grassy weeds: Reduction of leaf growth and chlorotic blotching within 1 - 3 days after application. Initial
development of leaf chlorosis within 5 - 8 days after application and complete death within 14 - 21 days
after application.

Broadleaf weeds: Growth stops almost immediately. Discolouration of dying weeds may not be noticeable
for 1 - 3 weeks after application, depending on growing conditions and weed susceptibility. Poor results
may be expected if there is improper mixing, timing or coverage, or when weeds are under drought
stress.

Champion Extra (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 4 hours of application may lessen degree of weed control,

12. Movement in Soil: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl appears to undergo rapid hydrolysis in the soil. Thifensulfuron and
Tribenuron move very little in the soil and have a very short life in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crops or cut for hay; sufficient data is not available to
support such use. Pre-harvest interval: 50 days. Do not exceed a total of 8 grams/acre of Extra per crop year.

14. Toxicity:

Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl: Acute oral LD^^ (rat) = >2,940 mg/kg.

Thifensulfuron and Tribenuron: Low acute mammalian toxicity.

Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store product in closed, original container in a cool, dry, well ventilated room.

1 7. Resistance Management: Champion Extra is both a Group 1 and a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Champion Extra and other Group 1 and 2
herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly
in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual
chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies
should be followed (see page 38-42).

Champion Plus (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl -\-

MCPA -h 2,4-D thifensulfuron methyl)

Group 1,4,2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Champion FM: Emulsifiable concentrate; 45 g/L. fenoxaprop-p-ethyl -I- 210 g/L.
MCPA Ester + 70 g/L. 2,4-D Ester, 2 x 8.1 L containers.

2. Plus; Dry flowable; thifensulfuron; 75%, 2 x 81 g containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Lontrel.

3. Crops: Barley (all spring varieties).

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sunflower
ball mustard
burdock
chickweed
cocklebur
corn spurry
cow cockle
field horsetail
flixweed

green foxtail
green smartweed
hemp-nettle
hoary cress
kochia

lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters
mustards (except dog,
green tansy)

plantain
prickly lettuce
ragweeds
redroot pigweed
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed

vetch

volunteer rapeseed (including
CLEARFIELD)
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats
wild radish
yellow foxtail

Champion Plus (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Treatment at the 3 to 4 leaf stage of both crop and grassy weeds combines maximum crop
tolerance and weed susceptibility. However, Champion Plus may be applied to barley that has a minimum of
2 leaves and up to a maximum of 5 leaves on the main stem. Plants must not have more than 2 tillers. The
2-tiller stage of barley usually occurs within 25 days of seeding.

Weed stage:

Annual grassy weeds: Green foxtail, yellow foxtail, wild oats: 1 leaf up to a maximum of
5 leaves on the main stem plus 2 tillers.

Broadleaf weeds:

2-4 leaf stage: Annual sunflower, ball mustard, burdock, cocklebur, field horsetail, flixweed, hoary cress,
kochia, mustards, plantain, prickly lettuce, ragweeds, Russian pigweed, shepherd’s-purse, vetch and wild
radish.

Less than 10 cm tall or across: Canada thistle, corn spurry, cow cockle, green smartweed, hemp-nettle,
lad/s-thumb, lamb’s-quarters, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer rapeseed and wild
mustard. Weeds that emerge after application will not be controlled.

Chickweed: 1 - 6 leaf stage.

Wild buckwheat: 1 - 3 leaf stage.

Note: Some broadleaf weeds may not be controlled under the following conditions: if infestation is heavy,
weeds are in bud stage or weather is dry and cool. Under stressed conditions and/or heavy crop canopy,
earlier application will result in improved grassy weed control.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Champion FM: 0.81 L/ac. Plus: 8.1 g/ac.

Water volume: 45 L./ac.

Pressure: Ground 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Only 110° or 80° stainless steel flat fan nozzles are recommended. Uniform, thorough coverage is
important to achieve good control.

Mixing instructions:

1. Ensure that the spray tank is thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the tank with half the required amount of water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. Slowly add the correct amount of Plus (container #1) to the spray tank. Agitate thoroughly until Plus is
completely in suspension.

4. Add the correct amount of Champion FM (container #2) and continue agitation.

5. Triple rinse containers into the spray tank.

6. Add the remaining amount of water while agitation continues. Spray out immediately. Spray mixture
should not be left in the tank overnight.

7. On repeat loads, prepare a Plus (container 1) slurry in water by slowly adding the correct amount of Plus
to 20 L of water and add to the spray tank. Agitate thoroughly until Plus is completely is suspension.
Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6.

Sprayer cleanup:

When moving into wheat, barley, spring or fall rye immediately following the application of Champion Plus
tank mix, clean the sprayer by thoroughly flushing with a water/detergent mixture.

Note: Broadleaf crops can be damaged by Champion Plus tank mix residues in the spray tank even after a
number of applications of a different product. It is critical to thoroughly clean and remove all traces of
Champion Plus tank mix from the spray tank prior to moving into a broadleaf crop.

Champion Plus (cont'd)

When moving into broadleaf crops: In all cases, prior to spraying a broadleaf crop (such as canola,
peas, lentils, alfalfa, sugar beets, vegetables, etc.), complete a thorough cleaning of the tank, because the
Plus component of Champion Plus tank mix can cause crop injury to sensitive crops at very low
concentrations. Follow the cleanup instructions below to ensure adequate sprayer cleaning and removal of
the Champion Plus tank mix.

Cleanup instructions prior to spraying broadleaf crops:

1. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

2. Drain tank and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually
inspect tank to assure removal of all residues. If necessary, repeat step.

3. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum 3% ammonia)
per 100 L of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water to completely fill
tank. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with cleaning
solution and drain tank.

4. Repeat step 3.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: During periods of stress, plants are not actively growing. When daytime temperatures
before or after application are very hot (28°C or 82°F) and/or conditions are very dry and/or there is low
humidity, plants are under stress. Application of Champion Plus tank mix during these periods may result in
substantially reduced control. Application of the spray at a forward angle of 45° will result in better
penetration of the canopy and better coverage. Do not apply to crop that is stressed by severe weather
conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soils, disease or insect damage as crop injury may
result. A time interval of 7 days prior to application of Champion Plus is required before another pesticide
can be applied.

9. How it Works: Fenoxprop-p-ethyl: Contact as well as systemic, no soil activity. Regions of high meristematic
activity such as root and shoot tips are known to be affected.

MCPA, 2,4-D: Disrupts cell division and causes abnormal growth responses that affect respiration and food
reserves.

Tbifensulfuron: Absorbed by foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: Grassy weeds: reduction of leaf growth and chlorotic blotching within 1 - 3 days after
application. Initial development of leaf chlorosis within 5 - 8 days after application and complete death
within 14-21 days after application. Broadleaf weeds - growth stops almost immediately. Discolouration of
d)dng weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application depending on growing conditions and
weed susceptibility. Poor results may be expected if improper mixing, timing, coverage or when weeds are
under drought stress.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply Champion Plus if rain is expected within 2 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl appears to undergo rapid hydrolysis in the soil. Tbifensulfuron
moves very little in the soil and has a very short life in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields prior to harvest.

Other restrictions: Preharvest interval 50 days.

14. Toxicity:

Fenoxaprop-p-etbyl + MCPA Ester: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,940 mg/kg.

Tbifensulfuron: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

2,4-D: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 300 - 1,200 mg/kg. Some
formulations may cause skin irritation. Some formulations are toxic to fish. May cause burns and can be
absorbed through the skin.

Herbicides

Champion Pius (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Keep away from fire or open flame or other sources of heat. Cannot be stored below freezing. If
stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using.

17. Resistance Management: Champion Plus is considered to be part of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 4
herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Champion Plus and
other Group 1, 2 and 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these
herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of
action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate
resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Crossfire (tribenuron methyl + metribuzin)

Group 2,5

Manufacturer: OuPoiit Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: TBM75 Herbicide, tribenuron methyl 75%; 4 x 40.5 g water soluble pouches: Fire DF
Herbicide, metribuzin dry flowable 75%; 4 x 540 g water soluble pouches. Bag-in-a-bag; 4 water soluble
pouches, each containing 540 g metribuzin dry flowable 75% and also containing 1 water soluble pouch
filled with 40.5 g tribenuron methyl dry flowable 75%.

2. Registered Mixes: Crossfire Herbicide tank mix must be used only as a tank mix with MCPA
Amine. Do not use Crossfire alone. Directions for the proper use of Crossfire Herbicide tank mix
appear on the label attached to the TBM75 Herbicide Portion of the tank mix.

Mixing instructions: Add one-half of the necessary volume of water to the spray tank. With the agitator
running, add the required number of Fire DF Herbicide Toss-N-Go pouches. When the Fire DF Herbicide is in
suspension, add the required number of TBM75 Herbicide Toss-N-Go pouches. Add the remaining water. Add
the appropriate amount of MCPA Amine last. Continuous agitation is required.

3. Crops: Spring barley, spring wheat (excluding durum).

4. Weeds Controlled: (Crossfire and tank mixes) -

Canada thistle (top growth control) hemp-nettle volunteer canola

common chickweed lamb's-quarters (including CLEARFIELD)

(including sulfonylurea-tolerant populations) stinkweed wild mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: (Crossfire and tank mixes) - Annual sow-thistle, wild buckwheat.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, spring wheat (excluding durum wheat): Full 3 leaf stage to full 5 leaf stage. For best
crop safety, apply at mid-tillering or sooner. Do not use on the Klondike variety of barley, or barley varieties
with Klondike parentage, such as AC Lacombe.

Weed stage: For best results, apply to young, actively growing weeds that are less than 10 cm tall or across
and before the crop canopy closes. Weeds that emerge after treatment will not be controlled.

Crossfire (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 4 g/ac TBM75 Herbicide + 53 g/ac Fire DF Herbicide + 0.22 L/ac MCPA Amine 500.

Surfactant: None.

Water volume: 40 L/ac minimum.

Pressure: Do not exceed 275 kPa spray pressure.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles, 80° or 110°. Use 50 mesh filter screens or larger (metal or nylon).

Sprayer cleanup:

1 . Drain tank, then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes to remove all
visible residues.

2. Fill the tank with clean water, then add 1 liter of household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 liters of water. Fill the boom and hoses with solution and allow the sprayer to sit
for 15 minutes. Drain.

3. Repeat step 2.

4. Nozzles and screens should be removed and cleaned separately. To remove traces of ammonia, rinse the
tank, hoses and booms thoroughly with clean water.

5. Dispose of tank rinseate according to Provincial directions.

Caution: Do not use ammonia with chlorine bleach. Using ammonia with chlorine bleach will release a gas
with a musty chlorine odour which can cause eye, nose, throat and lung irritation. Do not clean equipment
in an enclosed area.

8. Application Tips: When applying sequentially with a wild oat herbicide, if not specified on the wild oat
herbicide label, allow 4 - 5 day interval after the application of the wild oat product or 7 days before the
wild oat product. Control depends on growing conditions and weed susceptibility. Degree of control and
duration of effect depend on weed sensitivity, weed size, spray coverage and growing conditions. Warm,
moist growing conditions promote active weed growth and enhance the activity of the Crossfire Herbicide
tank mixture by allowing maximum foliar uptake and contact activity. If the spray preparation is left standing
without agitation, thoroughly agitate the mixture to resuspend the mixture before spraying. Do not allow the
mixture to stand for more than an hour without agitation. Uneven application such as swath overlapping,
variable tractor speed, spraying on turns, etc. may result in crop injury and increase injury to rotating crops.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage, inhibits photosynthesis as well as cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: Crossfire Herbicide tank mixture rapidly stops growth of common chickweed, including
sulfonylurea tolerant populations. However, typical symptoms (discolouration) of dying weeds may not be
noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application. Herbicide activity may be delayed by cold, dry conditions after
application.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rain occurs soon after application, control may be reduced. If heavy rains occur soon
after application, plant injury may result, especially in poorly drained areas where water may stand for
several days. At least 4 - 6 hours of dry weather is needed to allow Crossfire Herbicide tank mixture to be
absorbed by weed foliage. Environmental conditions that slow the drying of the spray mixture on the foliage
such as high relative humidity, cool air temperatures or cloud cover may increase the time required.

12. Movement in Soil: Do not use on muck soil or subsequent crops may be injured.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Rotation crops such as onions, celery, peppers, cole crops, lettuce, spinach, sugar
beets, table beets, turnips, pumpkin, squash, cucumbers, melons, tobacco and canola may be injured if
planted both during the year of application or the following crop year.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or feed crop to livestock within 30 days of application.

Other restrictions: Do not apply within 60 days of harvest.

14. Toxicity: Slightly toxic by inhalation (LC3Q (rats) 4 hours, is greater than 885 mg/m^). Slightly toxic by
ingestion (LD^^ (rats) is 2,795 mg/kg). Contact eye irritant (rabbits).

Herbicides

rbicides

Crossfire (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If inhaled, remove individual from site of
exposure to fresh air. Consult a physician or Poison Control Centre. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from fire, heat or open flame.

1 7. Resistance Management: Crossfire is both a Group 2 and a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Crossfire and other Group 2 and 5 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Curtail IVI (clopyralid + MCPA Ester)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Canada inc.

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 50 g a.e./L; clopyralid, + 280 g a.e./L MCPA Ester 2 x 8 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes:

Barley spring wheat, durum wheat: Achieve Liquid (200 mL/ac) + Turbocharge adjuvant.
Barley, spring wheat (excluding durum): Avenge 200C, Refine Extra.

Durum wheat, spring wheat: Everest 70DF Solupak, Horizon (95 mL/ac) + Score adjuvant,
Puma^^° Super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass, green foxtail and wild oats).

Spring wheat (excluding durum): Assert 300SC + acidulate.

3. Crops: Barley, CPS, durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, oats, soft white spring wheat, utility wheat,
timothy (seedling, established).

Underseeding: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes or companion crops.

Weeds Controlled:
800 mL/ac

annual sow-thistle (8.7)

lamb's-quarters (9.0)

scentless chamomile (2 - 4 leaf)

Canada thistle (8.1)*

perennial sow-thistle

shepherd's-purse**

common groundsel (9.0)

(top growth) (8.6)

smartweed (7.9)

dandelion (7.4)**

redroot pigweed (7.7)

stinkweed (9.0)**

flixweed**

Russian pigweed

600 mL/ac

Canada thistle (light infestations) (8.1 )* shepherd's-purse (spring seedlings 2 - 4 leaf)

flixweed (spring seedlings 2 - 4 leaf) stinkweed (spring seedlings 2 - 4 leaf) (9.0)

lamb's-quarters volunteer sunflower

* Season-long control, with some regrowth in the fall.

** Spring rosettes only.

tartary buckwheat
volunteer canola (9.0)
wild buckwheat (8.2)
wild mustard (9.0)

wild mustard

Curtail M (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Kochia (2 - 4 leaf).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, Canada prairie soft wheat, durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, oats, soft white spring
wheat and utility wheat: 3 leaf just before flag leaf.

Weed stage: Broadleaf weeds: 1 - 4 leaf stage of growth. Canada thistle: 10 - 15 cm in height.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 800 mL/ac. Under low Canada thistle population and easier to control weeds - 600 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 - 60 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat Fan type. Use 50 mesh or larger screens.

Mixing instructions: Clean spray tank and add 1/2 required amount of water. With agitator running, add
the required amount of Curtail M. Add the remaining amount of the water and continue to agitate while
spraying.

8. Application Tips: when weeds are under extreme drought stress or showing effects of excessive moisture,
control can be reduced or delayed. Weed escapes may occur under prolonged stress conditions or low
fertility. Do not apply to weeds stressed for more than 20 days due to lack of moisture as unsatisfactory
control can result. Ensure uniform spray coverage over the entire area of target weeds.

9. How it Works: Clopyralid is a growth regulator type of herbicide. It is primarily absorbed through the
foliage and is translocated to all parts of the plant causing leaf and stem twisting and yellowing and then
death. MCPA is a systemic herbicide for broadleaf weeds which is translocated throughout the plant causing
rapid undifferentiated growth, which usually results in the death of susceptible weeds.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: Weeds start to twist after spraying, and after twisting and bending, plants turn brown
and die.

Difficult to control weeds such as Canada thistle and wild buckwheat stop growing, change colour to dark
green and then turn yellow before they die. Death may not occur for 14 - 21 days after application. Some
weak Canada thistle regrowth may occur by end of season.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected in 6 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: MCPA is readily leached from soil. Clopyralid is somewhat soluble in water, but it is
generally not mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Curtail M herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, corn, flax, forage grasses, mustard, oats, peas, rye, sugar beets, wheat or summerfallowed.

Do not seed crops other than those listed above for at least one year after treatment.

Grazing restrictions: Do not cut or graze treated fields of barley, oats or wheat within 7 days of
application.

14. Toxicity:

clopyralid: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LC^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg. Acute oral
LDjq (bees) = >100 /xg/bee. Extremely toxic to fish.

MCPA: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 700 - 880 mg/kg. Low
toxicity to fish. May cause burns upon contact with skin and eyes, and it can be absorbed through the skin.

irbicides

Herbicides

Curtail M (cont'd)

1 6. Storage: Dry heated storage preferred.

1 7. Resistance Management: Curtail M is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Curtail M and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate
the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Diphenoprop BK700

(2,4-D + dichlorprop)

Group 4

Manufacturer; United Agri Products

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 329 g/L 2,4-D -l- 350 g/L dichlorprop; 10 L, 115 L, 205 L
containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Vanquish.

Mixing instructions: Add 1/2 amount of carrier, start agitation, add herbicide, add rest of carrier. If used
in oil, do not let water get in mixture.

3. Crops: Non-crop areas, industrial areas, rights-of-way and roadsides.

Underseeding: Not applicable.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Brush

alder

bur oak

hickory

Scotch pine

white oak

aspen

elderberry

honeysuckle

silver maple

wild apple

balsam fit

elm

Manitoba maple

sumac

wild cherry

basswood

ground juniper

poison-ivy

tamarac

wild plum

birch

hardback

poplar

tame raspberry

wild raspberry

blueberry

buckbrush

hawthorn

hazel

red pine

white cedar

willow

Weeds

alfalfa

buttercup

dandelion

horsetail

tansy

broadleaf weeds

Canada thistle

dogbane

mullein

teasel

(most annual)

chicory

goat's-beard

perennial sow-thistle

vetch

bull thistle

cinquefoil

goldenrod

plantain

wild carrot

burdock

curled dock

hawkweed

sweet clover

yellow rocket

5. Weeds Suppressed: Milkweed, rose, sugar maple, toadflax.

6. When Used: Throughout growing season.

Diphenoprop BK700 (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft, power equipment, knapsack sprayer.

Rate: Brush: 7.0 - 11.0 L in 1,000 L of water for foliage stem treatment. Weeds: 2.3 - 6.7 L/ac.

Water volume: Spray to point of runoff. For fixed wing application - 8 L/ac minimum. Water may be
replaced by oil.

Pressure: As recommended for equipment used.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Forms an emulsion in water - agitate to prevent separation.

9. How it Works: A translocated, systemic herbicide absorbed by leaves.

10. Expected Results: Leaves brown and wilt shortly after spraying - no leaves appear the following year.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 3 or 4 hours after application may reduce control.

12. Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

Drift: Over susceptible crops, causes injury.

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,4-D 300 - 1,000 mg/kg; dichlorprop
= 800 mg/kg. Do not apply when bees are foraging. Toxic to bees. May cause burns and may be absorbed
through the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: If frozen, warm to 5°C and mix well.

Note: Similar products are Estaprop/Turboprop 600.

1 7. Resistance Management: Diphenoprop BK700 is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Diphenoprop BK700 and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Dual II Magnum (metolachlorj

Group 15

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 915 EC; 1 x 12 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: May be applied as split application or tank mixed as follows. With Aatrex Liquid, Aatrex
Nine-0. Liquid nitrogen - 28% nitrogen solutions or complete liquid fertilizers may replace all or part of the
water for pre-plant incorporated or pre-emergent application of Dual tank mixes in corn.

Dual II Magnum (cont'd)

6.
7.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Mixing restrictions: Do not tank mix with Banvel, Estemine 2,4-D. Do not impregnate on nitrate
fertilizers (ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium) or on single superphosphate (0-26-0), triple
superphosphate (0-46-0) or on ammonium phosphate or on limestone. Fertilizer blends containing limestone
may be impregnated. For tank mixes for crops other than corn, refer to Dual label.

Crops:

black spruce (second year or older)
broccoli

cabbage (transplanted)

cauliflower

corn (all types)

dry common beans

fruit trees (second year or older)

Jack pine

kidney beans
lima beans

Norway spruce (second year or older)
pinto beans

poplar (second year or older)
potatoes (except Superior)
processing peas
snap beans

red pine

soybeans

sugar beets

sweet white lupins

tomatoes (transplanted)

white beans

white pine

white spruce (second year or older)

Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass, green and yellow foxtail plus weeds controlled by the second material
in mix or oversprayed, American nightshade. Eastern black nightshade, fall panicum, hairy crabgrass,
old witchgrass, smooth crabgrass, yellow nutsedge.

Weeds Suppressed: Redroot pigweed (pre-plant incorporated and pre-emergent treatments only).
When Used: Pre-plant incorporated or irrigated within 10 days if applied pre-emergent.

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment: band or overall spray.

Rate: Corn: 0.7 L/ac.

Corn: Tank mixes of Dual II Magnum at above rate plus:

Wwds controlled

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

Tank mixes for corn prcM-ptant

Aatrex Nine-0 - 0.5 - 0.7 kg/ac

Aatrex Liquid - 0.9 - 1.3 l/ac

Split application pre-emergent
(under irrigation only)

Aatrex Nine-0 - 0.5 - 0.7 kg/ac

Aatrex Liquid - 0.9 - 1 .3 L/ac

Water volume: 70 - 140 L/ac.

Incorporation: Incorporate to 5 cm. Do not exceed this depth since product dilution can occur. If using
tandem discs, set to cut to a depth of 10 cm operated at 6 - 9 km/h. If using vibrating shank cultivators with
overlapping sweeps, set 10 cm deep and operate at 10 - 13 km/h. Spike tooth or diamond tooth harrows are
good incorporation equipment. Immediate incorporation is not necessary although desirable.

Pressure: 200 - 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Application Tips: For band treatments, use a press wheel ahead of the nozzle to level the band.

How it Works: inhibits germination, particularly grasses.

Expected Results: Annual grasses do not germinate or under dry conditions, may die back soon after
emergence.

Effects of Rainfall: Moisture required to move chemical to area of germination but an excess may move it
below this area.

Movement in Soil: Some movement may occur if excess moisture on light soils.

Cropping Restrictions: Do not apply on muck, peat or high organic soils or after growth has begun. Winter
cereals may be seeded 4.5 months after treatment.

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 2,780 mg/kg.

Dual (2,690). Prolonged exposure may cause eye injury. Slightly toxic to birds; non-toxic to fish.

100

Dual II Magnum (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage required.

17. Resistance Management: Dual II Magnum is a Group 15 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Dual II Magnum and other Group 15 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

PyVel (dicamba + MCPA K-salt)

Group 4

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Water soluble solution; 84 g/L dicamba -f- 336 g/L MCPA K-salt; 2 x 10 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Everest in spring wheat only (17.4 g/ac -t- Agral 90 or Ag-Surf at 0.25 L per 100 L of
spray solution). Horizon in durum and spring wheat only, (wild oats: 95 mL/ac + Score at 0.8% v/v; green
and yellow foxtail: 115 mL/ac -I- Score at 1.0% v/v). Puma^^° Super (green foxtail: 156 mL/ac).

Mixing instructions: When using DyVel + Horizon, add DyVel first, followed by Horizon, then Score.

3. Crops: Barley (8.1),

Underseeding: Le;

4. Weeds Controlled:
annual smartweeds (7.7)
annual sow-thistle (6.6)
ball mustard (8.1)
burdock
cleavers (7.2)
cocklebur
common ragweeds
corn spurry (5.6)
cow cockle

* Apply before bolting when this weed is at the 2 - 4 leaf stage.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (7.3), cleavers and sow-thistle top growth control.

6. When Used:

durum wheat, oats (9.0), spring wheat (8.7), winter wheat,
gume underseeding not recommended.

false ragweeds
flixweed
giant ragweeds
hare's-ear mustard (8.8)
hemp-nettle (6.5)

Indian mustard (8.8)
kochia (7.9)
lady's-thumb (8.1)

lamb's-quarters (8.5)
perennial sow-thistle (7.6)
prostrate pigweed
redroot pigweed (7.8)
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle (7.0)
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed (8.4)

tartary buckwheat (7.6)
tumble mustard (8.8)
volunteer canola (8.1)*
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (7.7)
wild mustard (8.6)
wild radish
wormseed mustard

Crop stage: Barley oats, spring wheat (including durum): 2 - 5 leaf stage.

Winter wheat: Apply in spring when wheat is 15 - 25 cm tall or before shot blade stage.

Weed stage: For cow-cockle and hemp-nettle, apply at the 2 - 3 leaf stage, and for corn spurry, apply at the
2 - 3 whorl stage.

101

Herbicides

DyVel (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 500 mL/ac.

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac minimum. Ground: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: not above 200 kPa. Ground: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Best under good growing conditions and air temperature 10 - 25°C. Avoid application
when crop is under stress from disease or adverse environmental conditions. Do not spray if rain is expected
within 4 hours of application. Avoid application if frost or severe drop in night temperature is forecast. To
prevent drift to sensitive crops, do not spray if temperatures are expected to exceed 30°C, when humidity is
high or fog is present. Crop damage can occur if the chemical is applied at any time other than the
recommended crop stage. Shortening of straw may occur without loss in yield.

9. How it Works: DyVel is a systemic herbicide absorbed through the roots and leaves and translocated readily.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Twisting, bending of main stem and leaf petioles, cupping of leaves or increase in root size occur
within 10 - 14 days. Poor results may be expected if it rains within 4 hours of application, or when older
weeds are sprayed or if less than recommended water volume is used.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall 4 hours after application will not reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: At recommended rates, very little movement occurs.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Suceeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Allow 30 days after application of DyVel, or DyVel + Horizon, and grazing or
cutting of cereal crop for hay.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = dicamba 2,629 mg/kg,

MCPA = 700 mg/kg. Non-toxic to birds, fish and bees. May cause burns and can be absorbed through the
skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Protect from freezing, but if frozen, no activity is lost if completely resuspended.

1 7. Resistance Management: Dyvel is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Dyvel and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

102

DyVel DS (2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; 295 g/L 2,4-D + 80 g/L mecoprop -I- 110 g/L dicamba; 2 x 10 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Aatrex Liquid or Aatrex Nine-0 (corn). Everest in spring wheat only (17.4 g/ac +
Agral 90 or Ag-Surf at 0.25 L per 100 L of spray solution). Puma Super (green foxtail: 200 mL/ac).
Puma^2° Super (green foxtail: 156 mL/ac).

3. Crops:

barley (8.5) native rangeland roadsides summerfallow

durum wheat (7.9) permanent pasture spring wheat (7.9) Stubblefields

field corn (8.3)

Underseeding: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes.

4. Weeds Controlled:

In crops

annual smartweeds (7.7)
annual sow-thistle
ball mustard
Canada thistle (7.5)
cocklebur
common ragweed
corn spurry (7.3)
cow cockle (7.6)

field bindweed*
flixweed (7.8)
hedge bindweed*

Jerusalem artichoke (in corn)

kochia

knotweed

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters (8.5)

perennial sow-thistle (8.6)
prostrate pigweed
redroot pigweed (7.7)
Russian thistle (7.3)
shepherd's-purse (8.6)
stinkweed (8.6)
tartary buckwheat
volunteer buckwheat

Pastures and along roadsides

alders bull thistle poison-ivy sheep-laurel

chicory goat's-beard ragwort white cockle

* If applied to field bindweed when it is actively flowering.

sweet corn (8.3)
winter wheat (7.9)

volunteer canola
volunteer mustard
wild buckwheat (8.1)
wild mustard (8.6)
wormseed mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (7.5), cleavers (7.0), field bindweed, round-leaved mallow.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley: 2 - 3 true leaf stage.*

Corn: Overall, spray prior to 15 cm height of corn: use drop nozzles after 30 cm height.

Wheat (durum, spring): 3 - 5 true leaf stage.*

Wheat (winter): In spring, before crop is 30 cm high.

Weed stage: For best results, apply when weeds are actively growing and are in the 2 - 3 leaf stage.
Summerfallow: When Canada thistle is in the early bud stage. Do not cultivate for a minimum of 4 weeks
after treatment.

Pastures and roadsides: Spring, when weeds are in 2 - 5 leaf stage and actively growing.
* All leaf stages refer to true leaf stage, and tillers should not be counted as true leaves.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Barley: 340 mL/ac.

W^eat: 340 - 445 mL/ac.

Corn (field, sweet): 340 - 445 mL/ac.
Pastures and roadsides: 1.3 L/ac.

103

Herbicides

DyVel DS (cont'd)

Crop free land (stubble, summerfallow): 445 - 710 mL/ac.

Tank mix: 345 - 445 mL/ac + (Aatrex Liquid: 910 mL/ac or Aatrex Nine-0: 506 g/ac).

Water volume: 40 L/ac for cereals; 80 - 140 L/ac for corn.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Ensure that proper rate, water volume and timing are used; otherwise, crop injury may
occur. Risk of crop injury increases as water volume drops below 36 L/ac. Do not apply when temperatures
exceed 27°C and relative humidity is very high. Use the 445 mL/ac rate for hard to kill weeds, suppression of
cleavers and round-leaved mallow, for top-growth control of Canada thistle, when weeds are at an advanced
growth stage, when weed densities are high, or under adverse weather conditions. Use the 345 mL/ac rate
for easy to kill weeds, when weed densities are low and growing conditions are optimum. Apply to weeds
that are actively growing and are in the 2 - 3 leaf stage for best results.

9. How it Works: Accummulates in the growing points resulting in abnormal growth which disrupts the
transport system in plants.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Visible effects occur 7-14 days after spraying. Leaves curl, leaf petioles twist, leaf edges turn
brown, the whole plant ceases growth, eventually turns brown and dies.

Crop: Improper applications can result in abnormal bending at the internodes of grain stalks, difficulty in
head emergence from sheath, curled awns, malformed kernels and sterile florets. Poor results may be
expected with overmature weeds, inadequate coverage or rainfall less than 4 hours after application.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not spray if rain is expected within 4 hours.

12. Movement in Soil:

2,4-D/mecoprop: Readily mobile in the soil.

Dicamba: Relatively mobile; mobility affected by capillary movement and/or surface evaporation.
Concentration and location in the soil profile will be determined by total seasonal precipitation, its frequency
and original herbicide dosage.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 7 days. Do not harvest
forage or cut hay within 30 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least 3 days
before slaughter.

Drift: Tomatoes, sugar beets, sunflowers, beans, turnips, cauliflower, cabbage, ornamentals and fruit crops
are very sensitive to drift.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) formulated product = 1,000 mg/kg. Non-
toxic to fish and bees. Intake may cause convulsions.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage preferred. If frozen, shake thoroughly before use.

1 7. Resistance Management: D)^el DS is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to D)rvel DS and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

104

2f4"D (Amine, LV Ester)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Numerous Manufacture

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Liquids: Amines, LV Ester; Dry soluble powder.

Amine 500: Amsol; 2,4-D Amine; Estemine 2,4-D; No-Weed 2,4-D. 470 g/L. 4 L, 2 x 10 L, 20 L containers.
Amine 600: 2,4-D Amine (560 g/L), 2 x 10 L containers.

LV Ester 500: SEE - 2,4-D; 450 g/L; 2 x 10 L pack.

LV Ester 600: 2,4-D LV Ester (600, 96); No-Weed 2,4-D; 564 g/L; 2 x 10 L pack, 115 L.

LV Ester 700: 2,4-D LV Ester 700; 660 g/L; 20 L pails 2 x 10 L pack, 115 L, 205 L.

Savage: 2,4-D Amine (80%); 2 x 4.54 kg.

2. Registered Mixes:

2,4-D Amine: Atrazine (non-crop areas); atrazine -t- dicamba -t- mecoprop (corn); bromoxynil (barley,
wheat); dicamba [barley, corn, non-crop areas, pastures, rangeland, red fescue (for seed only), rye (spring),
turf, wheat (spring, winter)]; dicamba -I- mecoprop (barley, wheat); mecoprop (turf);
propanil [wheat (durum, spring)]; Sencor (barley, wheat); sodium TCA (barley, brush, flax).

2,4-D Ester: Bromoxynil (barley, wheat); dicamba (non-crop areas, pastures, rangeland);
dicamba + dichlorprop (non-crop areas, rangeland) ; dichlorprop (barley, non-crop areas, turf, wheat) ;
difenzoquat (barley. Avenge wheat varieties); propanil [wheat (durum, spring)]; sodium TCA (brush).
Note: Some formulations can be mixed with liquid fertilizer (28-0-0).

3. Crops:

asparagus fall fallow stubble grasses spring rye (8.9)

barley (9.0) fall rye (8.9) non-crop areas spring wheat (8.7)

corn grass pasture rangeland winter wheat (8.6)

established turf

* Use only if crop is heavily infested with MCPA resistant weeds; crop injury may occur.

4. Weeds Controlled;

Note: First rating Amine; second rating Ester.

ball mustard (8.3) (8.2)

bluebur

burdock

cocklebur

common plantain

common ragweed

false ragweed

flixweed (4.6) (7.4)**
giant ragweed
hare'-ear mustard (8.3) (8.2)
Indian mustard (8.3) (8.2)
kochia(5.9)(7.3)
lamb's-quarters (8.0) (8.3)

prickly lettuce
Russian pigweed (7.0)
shepherd's-purse (8.6) (8.0)**
stinkweed** (7.2) (7.7)
sweet clover
thyme-leaved spurge

tumble mustard (8.3) (8.2)
vetch

wild mustard (8.3) (8.2)
wild radish
wild sunflower

wormseed mustard (8.3) (8.2)

For the control of fall rosettes in stubble or fallow, apply to emerged weeds prior to freeze-up.

More resistant weeds

annual smartweeds (6.5) (5.5)
common peppergrass
common purslane
curled dock
dog mustard

field peppergrass
goat's-beard
hairy galinsoga
lady's-thumb

oak-leaved goosefoot
pineappleweed
prostrate pigweed
redroot pigweed (6.6)

Russian thistle (8.0) (7.5)
small-seeded false flax
tansy mustard
tumble pigweed

105

2,4-D (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed:

alfalfa

annual sow-thistle (6.2)
biennial wormwood
blue lettuce

Canada thistle (4.6) (5.4)

6. When Used:

control or suppression,
creeping buttercup
dandelion (3.0)
field bindweed
field horsetail
gumweed

hedge bindweed
hoary cress
leafy spurge

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard

perennial sow-thistle
Russian knapweed
tartary buckwheat (5.2) (4.9)
wild buckwheat (4.8) (5.3)

Crop stage: Asparagus: Just before first spears appear. May be repeated at the end of the cutting season.
Barley, spring wheat, rye: 3 leaf expanded to just before flag leaf.

Fall rye, winter wheat : Early spring, before flag leaf.

Corn: Up to 15 cm tall; at 15 - 20 cm tall, use drop nozzles to keep spray off corn.

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Recommendations vary from label to label.

Formulation and Concentration (quantity/ac|

Crop

Amine 500

Amine 600

Ester 500

Ester 600

Ester 700

Savage

Asparagus

140 mL

NRF

650 g

Barley, rye,
wheat

285 - 445 ml

243 - 405 ml

170 - 470 ml

210 - 385 ml

190 - 345 ml

166 - 261 g

Corn

200 - 445 ml

243 - 324 ml

NRF

285 ml

NRF

131 -261 g

Resistant weeds
in cereals

505 - 710 mU*

405 - 567 ml

465 - 750

375 - 610 mU*

375 - 445 ml**

Fallow

0.31 - 1.3 L

NRF

0.5- 1.3 L

NRF

Fall fallow
stubble

340 - 445 ml

NRF

340 - 445 ml

NRF

429 - 769 g

Non-crop areas

0.7 - 2.3 L

0.69 - 1.34 L

1.2- 1.9 L

1.5 1

1.3- 2.5 L

429 - 769 g

Pasture,
rangeland, turf

0.81 - 1.7 L

0.69 - 1.34 1

0.75 - 2.1 L

0.61 - 1.1 L

0.61 - 1.0 L

405 g- 1.13 kg

* NRF - No Recommendation Found.

** Higher rates can be used if weed infestation is high, but some crop injury may occur.

*** Rates over 607 mL/ac may cause a delay in maturity.

Water volume: Aircraft: 12 L/ac minimum. Ground: Barley, corn, oats, rye, wheat: 40 - 80 L/ac;

Flax: 45 - 70 L/ac recommended; Pasture, rangeland, turf: 182 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 235 kPa or less; Ground: 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Recommendations vary from label to label; read label of product used. Do not use on
sanfoin, bentgrasses, or freshly seeded grass. Spray during warm weather when the weeds are young and
growing actively. At high temperatures, vapourization of more volatile Esters may cause injury to susceptible
plants.

9. How it Works: Systemic, non-selective herbicide which is readily moves through foliage and root system. It
inhibits pigment including chlorophyll leadng to lant death.

10. Expected Results: Susceptible plants become malformed before they die.

11. Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 2 hours for Esters, 4 hours for Amine and 6 hours for salts is
needed after application.

12. Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

106

2,4-D (cont'd)

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 7 days after application.
Do not harvest for livestock feed until 30 days after treatment. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at
least 3 days before slaughter. Tank mixes: Check label of other product for grazing restrictions.

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 300 - 1,200 mg/kg. Some
formulations may cause skin irritation. Some formulations are toxic to fish. May cause burns and can be
absorbed through the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Do not freeze Amine; if frozen warm to 4°C and mix thoroughly before using.

17. Resistance Management: 2,4-D is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to 2,4-D and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

2,4-D (LV Ester)

Industrial

Group 4

Manufacturer; Numerous Manufacturers

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; low volatile ester; 570 g/L. Estasol LV600: 8 L jug;

Esteron 600: 20, 205 L drum; No Weed 2,4-D: 10 L jug; 2,4-D Ester LV 600: 20 L pail, 2 x 10 L, 115 L;
IPCO LV 700: 2 x 10 L, 110 L, 205 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Bromacil, dicamba, dicamba -f dichlorprop, dichlorprop, picloram, sodium TCA.

Mixing restrictions: Carriers: water, oil. Use only diesel oil No. 1 or No. 2 fuel oil or kerosene where oil is
recommended. When using oil carriers, do not allow water to get into product or spray tank. (Oil mixes are
very expensive; use may be limited to small areas during the dormant season.) Add 1/3 of the carrier, start
agitation, add herbicide, then remainder of the carrier.

3. Crops: Forestry and industrial locations. To control unwanted vegetation.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Brush: Alder, balsam poplar, birch, cherry, elm, hazelnut, Manitoba maple, sumac, trembling aspen poplar,
western snowberry, willow.

Weeds: Common broadleaf weeds.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, field bindweed.

6. When Used:

Foliar treatment: After foliage is fully developed.

Stump treatment: On freshly cut stump, anytime, including winter.
Basal bark treatment: Anytime. Do not cut for 1 year after application.

107

2,4-D > Industrial (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Aircraft:

Brush control: 6.6 L in 30 L of spray solution.

Snowberry, willows: 1.33 L/ac.

Ground: Foliar treatment: 8 L in 1,000 L of water; 6.25 L of LV 700 in 1,000 L of water.

Stump treatment: 30 L in 1,000 L of diesel oil, fuel oil or kerosene; 25 L of LV 700 in 1,000 L of diesel
fuel.

Basal bark treatment: 20 - 30 L in 1,000 L of diesel oil, fuel oil or kerosene; 25 L of LV 700 in 1,000 L of
diesel fuel.

Frill treatment: 30 L in 1,000 L oil.

Broadleaf weeds: 405 mL/ac - 1.6 L/ac.

Pressure: Aircraft: 235 kPa or less. Ground: up to 1,700 kPa.

8. Application Tips: Wet all foliage and stems to point of runoff. Spray during warm weather when weeds and
brush are actively growing. Continuous agitation is required for the oil-water mixture. Do not apply by air in
dead-calm conditions as the “cloud” of suspended droplets may drift when wind comes up.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through leaves and bark in trees. A hormone-type herbicide causing an abnormal
growth.

1 0. Expected Results: Brown crisp leaves first appear, then death.

11. Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 4 - 6 hours is needed after application.

12. Movement in Soil: Minimal soil movement. 30 day half-life.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: intended for non-crop areas only. Use only on established turf grasses except
creeping grasses such as bentgrass.

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 300 - 1,000 mg/kg. Some
formulations may cause skin irritation. Toxic to fish and should not be introduced into aquatic environments.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store away from fertilizers, seeds, insecticides, fungicides or other herbicides intended for use on
2,4-D sensitive crops. If frozen, bring to room temperature before using.

1. Formulations:

Eclipse A: Clop5n:alid 360 g/L -I- Eclipse B: Glyphosate 360 g/L (acid equivalent present as
isopropylamine salt); 3 x 6.2 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Glyphosate tolerant canola varieties only.

Eclipse (clopyralid + glyphosate)

CAUTION POISON

CAUTION IRRITANT

108

Eclipse (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Canada thistle (season-long)

hemp-nettle

kochia

lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters
night-flowering catchfly
quackgrass (season-long)

redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse
smartweed

volunteer canola

corn spurry
cow cockle
green foxtail

chickweed

cleavers

stinkweed
volunteer barley

(non- glyphosate tolerant)
volunteer wheat
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats
wild tomato

5. Weeds Suppressed: Dandelion, perennial sow-thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Glyphosate tolerant varieties only. Apply at the 2 - 6 leaf stage of the crop.

Note: Some short term visual yellowing may occur when a late application (4 - 6 leaf stage) of Eclipse
herbicide is applied to the crop, on canola varieties.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air. Note: Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks
as a combustible gas may be formed.

Rate: Eclipse A: 113 mL/ac. Eclipse B: 506 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Use low pressures 200 to 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzles that deliver higher volumes and coarser droplets.

8. Application Tips: Apply when the canola is in the 2 - 6 leaf stage. Ensure that the crop has not advanced
beyond the recommended leaf stage for application. Treat crops during warm weather when weeds are
actively growing. Best results are obtained when Canada thistle is actively growing and soil moisture is
adequate for rapid growth. Do not treat weeds under poor growing conditions such as cool, dry conditions,
drought stress, disease or insect damage as reduced weed control may result. Reduced results may occur
when treating weeds heavily covered with dust. Reduced results may occur if water-containing soil is used,
such as water from ponds and unlined ditches.

9. How it Works: Eclipse tank mix is readily absorbed by foliage and roots. It translocates both upwards and
downwards in plants. Eclipse A is a systemic, hormone-type herbicide. It is absorbed by leaf, stem surfaces
and roots. It is readily translocated upwards and downward. Eclipse B is a non-selective, systemic herbicide
that moves from the foliage into the roots and kills the entire plant. Maximum efficacy results from foliar
application to young, actively growing plants.

1 0. Expected Results: Under good growing conditions, wilting and yellowing of annuals occurs within

2 - 4 days. Herbicide symptoms on affected annual and perennial weeds may also include swollen growing
points and roots, cupping of leaves, twisted and distorted stems and leaves. Cool or cloudy weather may
slow activity. Affected weeds turn yellow before turning brown as they die. Death of weeds may not occur
until 14-21 days after application. Browning of above ground growth and deterioration of roots occurs.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage, and
a repeat treatment may be required. Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application.

12. Movement in Soil: Eclipse A herbicide is somewhat soluble in water but is generally not mobile in soil under
typical prairie conditions. The amount of Eclipse B herbicide leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Eclipse herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, flax, forage grasses, mustard, oats, peas, rye, wheat or summerfallowed.

Do not seed crops other than those listed above for at least one year after treatment.

109

Eclipse (cont'd)

Manure and straw: Residues of Eclipse tank mix occurring in the straw may be harmful to susceptible
plants. Do not use straw or crop residue from treated crops for composting or mulching susceptible broadleaf
crops. If straw or crop residue is used for animal bedding or feed, return the manure to fields to be planted
to clopyralid tolerant crops. Do not grow susceptible broadleaf crops such as beans, lentil, potato and
sunflower on land mulched with straw containing clopyralid residue within the last 12 months.

Drift management: Do not allow spray mist to drift since even small amounts of spray can cause severe
damage to non-target crops and plants. Do not apply when winds are gusty or in excess of
8 km/h.

Grazing restrictions: Allow 3 to 5 days before grazing treated areas.

14. Toxicity:

Eclipse A: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg.

Acute oral LD^^ (bees) = >100 /xg/bee. Extremely low toxicity to fish.

Eclipse B: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 4,320 mg/kg. Eye irritant.

Non-toxic to bees, birds and fish.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Keep out of reach of children. Causes eye and skin irritation. Avoid contact with
skin, eyes and clothing. After use, wash hands and other exposed skin. Protect yourself by reducing skin and
eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene
overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide
concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment
(see page 29) before reuse. Avoid contamination of ponds, streams, rivers and desirable vegetation.

If in eyes or on skin, the affected areas should be thoroughly washed with cold water. In case of eye
contact, wash with soap and water. Get medical attention immediately. If inhaled, remove individual to
fresh air. Loosen tight clothing. Get immediate medical assistance. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.

1 6. Storage: store away from food, feedstuff, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides, fungicides or other pesticides or
herbicides intended to be used on crops sensitive to clopyralid. Store in heated storage. If products are
frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before use. Soak up small amounts of spill with absorbent
clays.

1 7. Resistance Management: Eclipse is a Group 4 and a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may contain
or develop plants naturally resistant to Eclipse and other Group 4 and 9 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Edge (ethalfluralin)

Group 3

Manufacturer. Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

1 . Formulations: Granular; 5%; 25 kg bag and 544 kg returnable bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Alfalfa (establishment), canola (9.0) (including triazine tolerant), caraway, coriander, dill,
dry common beans, fababeans, kidney beans, peas (9.0), safflower (9.0), soybeans, sunflowers (8.7),
white beans, yellow mustard (8.6). Lentils - fall application only.

110

Edge (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass (8,2)
blueweed
chickweed (7.3)
corn spurry
cow cockle

crab grass
fall pancium
giant foxtail
green foxtail (8.5)
kochia (7.0)

lamb's-quarters (8.6)
prostrate pigweed
purslane

redroot pigweed (8.2)

volunteer wheat (7.9)
wild buckwheat (8.3)
wild oats (8.2)
yellow foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: American nightshade, black nightshade, cleavers (6.4), hemp-nettle,
lady’s-thumb (7.7), Russian thistle, volunteer barley (6.3).

6. When Used:

FaU: Between September 1 and soil freeze-up.

Spring: Cultivate to destroy weeds; apply prior to seeding crop.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only.

Rate:

Organic matter

Spring

Sand to sandy loam
5%G«

Spring

Loams to clays
5% G.**

Sand to sandy loam
5% G.**

Fall

Loams to clays
5% G **

2-4%

6.9 kg/ac

8.9 kg/'ac

8.9 kg/ac

4-6%

6.9 kg/ac

8.9 kg/ac

11.3 kg/ac

6-15%

8S kg/ac ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

8.9 -11.3 kg/ac*

11.3 kg/ac

1 1 .3 kg/ac

* For improved results, use higher rates for fields with high populations of weeds.
** G. - Granular.

Incorporation: First incorporation must be done within 24 hours of application. Second incorporation
should be done at right angles to the first.

Spring application: Apply Edge 5G when the soil is in good working condition. Ensure that the early
season flush of weeds are killed by either first or second incorporation. Delay second incorporation a
minimum of 3 days. This allows time for greater release of Edge from the granule into the soil and assures a
more uniform distribution. Seed into a weed-free seedbed using accepted cultural practices.

Fall application: It is recommended that both incorporations be completed in the fall. For optimum weed
control, prework the field early in the spring to promote germination of weeds and to allow green growth of
resistant weeds to develop. Use a 5 - 8 cm deep cultivation with Vibrashank type cultivator or disc prior to
seeding to destroy existing green growth. Seed into a weed-free seedbed using accepted cultural practices.
Implements: A tandem disc, discer, or field (vibrashank) cultivator is recommended. Set to work
8 - 10 cm deep. Discimplements at 7 - 10 km/hr; cultivators at 10 - 13 km/hr. Do not use a field cultivator to
incorporate when soil is crusted, lumpy or too wet for good mixing. A tandem disc gives best mixing action
on stubble.

8. Application Tips: To avoid concentrating wild oat and volunteer cereal seeds below the treated layer, do not
plow the land prior to Edge application. Do not apply to fields spread with manure during the past

12 months. Do not apply to soils subject to prolonged periods of flooding or soils in poor working condition.
If swath from previous crop has been removed by burning, cultivate once to remove the charcoal layer prior
to Edge application. Edge 5G can be used where trash is heavier or on standing weeds provided they do not
interfere with distribution of the granules and do not limit incorporation. Do not apply on soils with less
than 2% organic matter. Application on eroded knolls or Grey Wooded Soils with highly variable texture and
organic matter may result in a reduced crop stand, delayed development or reduced yield in either treated
crop or rotational crop.

9. How it Works: A pre-emergence herbicide that kills seedlings as they germinate. Inhibits cell division in the
actively growing points of the root and shoot. Does not control established weeds.

Ill

Herbicides

Edge (cont'd)

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Most die before emerging. Weeds will exhibit swelling of the coleoptile region, stubby, thick
primary root development and lack of secondary roots. Plants die from lack of ability to obtain moisture.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect once incorporated into the soil.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Will not harm rotational crops if used as directed. As a precaution, very sensitive crops
such as oats, sugar beets or small-seeded grasses such as timothy, canary seed and creeping red fescue
should not be grown following an Edge treated crop. Over application caused by overlapping, improper
calibration or non-uniform application may reduce stands of crops grown in rotation. Drought conditions in
the year of treatment may result in higher than normal levels of Edge in the soil at the end of the growing
season. Therefore, to reduce the possibility of injury to rotational crops, seed shallow into a warm, moist
seedbed using recommended agronomic practices which willl promote rapid germination and emergence of
the rotational crop. Avoid direct seeding (zero till) and seeding into loose seedbeds. Refer to industry or
government extension documents which outline seeding practices for each crop. Use good quality certified
seed. As an additional safety precaution, seeding rate may be increased slightly (10%). As a precaution, do
not seed wheat as a rotational crop on land that has received ethalfluralin or trifluralin at oilseed/special
crop/barley rate for two consecutive years.

Grazing Crops: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support such
use.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical >5,000 mg/kg. Direct
contamination of any body of water may kill fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in areas not exposed to high temperatures or prolonged direct sunlight. Do not let Edge 5G
remain in standing applicator under these conditions.

17. Resistance Management: Edge is a Group 3 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants
naturally resistant to Edge and other Group 3 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed
population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Elite (bromoxynil/MCPA + sethoxydim)

Group 6,4,1

Manufacturer: Nufarm Agriculture Inc.

1. Formulation: Bromoxynil/MCPA 400 g/L; 11.36 L jug -1- sethoxydim 450 g/L; 3.65 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Flax.

112

Elite (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Broadleaf weeds controlled

American nightshade cow cockle

pale smartweed

volunteer rapeseed

ball mustard

flixweed

Russian thistle

volunteer sunflower

bluebur

green smartweed

scentless chamomile

wild buckwheat

cocklebur

kochia

(seedlings only)

wild mustard

common buckwheat

lady's-thumb

shepherd's-purse

wild tomato

common groundsel

lamb's-quarters

stinkweed

wormseed mustard

common ragweed
Grass weeds controlled

barnyard grass
crabgrass (large)
fall panicum

5. Weeds Suppressed:

night-flowering catchfly tartary buckwheat

green foxtail volunteer cereals witchgrass

Persian darnel volunteer corn yellow foxtail

proso millet wild oats

Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle, quackgrass.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Flax 5 - 10 cm.

Weed stage:

Broadleaf weeds controlled up to 4 leaf stage: American nightshade, ball mustard, bluebur,
cocklebur, cow cockle*, flixweed, green smartweed, ladys-thumb, night-flowering catchfly, Russian thistle**,
scentless chamomile***, shepherd’s-purse, volunteer rapeseed, volunteer sunflower.

Broadleaf weeds controlled up to 8 leaf stage: Canada thistle (top growth), common buckwheat,
common groundsel, common ragweed, lamb’s-quarters, pale smartweed (seedlings), perennial sow-thistle
(top growth), stinkweed, tartary buckwheat, wild buckwheat, wild mustard, wild tomato (up to 6 leaf stage),
wormseed mustard.

* In normal conditions, cow cockle will be controlled up to the 4 leaf stage. Plants beyond this stage are unlikely to be
controlled.

** Spray before plants are 5 cm high.

*** Spring annuals only.

Grass weeds controlled from 1-6 leaf stage: Barnyard grass, crabgrass (large), fall panicum, green
foxtail, Persian darnel, Proso millet, volunteer corn, witchgrass, yellow foxtail, wild oats, volunteer cereals,
suppression of quackgrass.

7. How to Apply: with ground equipment only.

Rate:

Mextrol: 567 mL/ac.

Poast Ultra: 190 mL/ac.

Merge: 0.4 L/ac.

One case treats 20 acres.

Water volume: 20 - 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 135 -270 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. Use 50 mesh or larger screens.

8. Application Tips: This treatment may cause some leaf burn and check to crop growth and delayed crop
maturity. Do not spray unthrifty crops or when flax is under stress due to drought or excess soil moisture. Do
not spray in hot, humid weather conditions, when daytime temperatures are over 25 - 29°C.

9. How it Works: Bromox5mil is a contact type herbicide; therefore, good spray coverage is essential. Inhibits
photosynthesis and plant respiration. MCPA is absorbed through leaves and is readily translocated in the
plant. Sethoxydim is a contact and a systemic herbicide. Absorbed primarily by foliage and translocated to
the growing points. Inhibits the formation of fatty acids in these tissues.

113

Herbicides

Elite (cont'd)

10. Expected Results: Weeds turn yellow and then brown.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour of application may reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Relatively immobile, breaks down rapidly in soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Allow a minimum of 14 days between application and re-planting of cereal or grass
crop. A cultivation to a minimum depth of 10 cm is recommended 7 days prior to seeding. Otherwise, no
restriction.

Spray to harvest time: Flax - 60 days.

Grazing restriction: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

1 4. Toxicity: Bromoxynil/MCPA: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 365 mg/kg. Very toxic
to fish and birds. Non-toxic to bees. May cause burns and may be absorbed through the skin.

Sethoxydim: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = formulation 2,500 mg/kg. Causes
moderate skin and eye irritation. Low toxicity to birds, fish and bees. Hazards to the environment are low
because of rapid breakdown in soil.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store product in cool dry place.

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Caliber 400; 400 g/L, 10 L Cobutox 600; 600 g/L; 10 L container.
Embutox 625; 625 g/L; 10 L jug. SEE 2,4-DB; 480 g/L, 10 L containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Avenge (refer to Avenge label for details), MCPA Amine, Embutox 625: MCPA Na-salt
(300 g ai/L), MCPA K-salt (400 g ai/L).

Embutox 625/Caliber 400/
Cobutox 600 (2,4-DB)

WARNING POISON

3. Crops:

alfalfa (seedling) (8.0)
alsike clover (8.9)
alsike white (8.9)

barley (9.0)

bird's-foot trefoil (seedling)
grasses for forage (seedling)

field corn
oats (8.2)

pastures (9.0)
spring wheat (8.8)

4. Weeds Controlled:

ball mustard (5.8)
bull thistle
chicory

curled dock (8.0)

lamb's-quarters (8.5)
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard*
oak-leaved goose-foot
plantain

ragweed

redroot pigweed (7.5)
shepherd's-purse (6.5)
stinkweed

wild buckwheat (5.7)
wild mustard (5.8)**
wormseed mustard (5.8)
yellow rocket

* Fall application for legumes.

** For better control tank mix with MCPA.

114

Embutox 625/Caliber 400/Cobutox 600 (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Canada thistle (5.4)

field bindweed

horsetail

perennial sow-thistle (5.4)

dandelion

green smartweeds (5.4)

lady's-thumb

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, oats and spring wheat: 5th leaf to early flag leaf.

Field corn: After crop is 38 cm high, but before the beginning of tasselling.

Legumes: Seedling alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil: 1 - 4 trifoliate leaf. Seedling white, alsike clover: after the first
trifoliate leaf.

Pastures: After cutting or grazing and before regrowth is 7.5 cm tall.

Weed stage: 1 - 3 leaf stage. Narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard: Rosette stage in late fall after alfalfa has
become dormant, but weeds are still growing.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Embutox 625

Cobutox 600

Caliber 400

L/ac

l/ac

Alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil, grasses (seedling; direct or underseeded)

0.7 - 0.9

1.1 - 1.4

Barley, oats, wheat

0.7 - 0.9

1.1 - 1.4

Clovers (seedling; direct or underseeded)

0.7 - 0.9

1.1 - 1.4

Dandelion, horsetail, smartweeds*

1.1

1.7

Field corn

0.7 - 0.9

1.1 - 1.7

Pasture (containing legumes)

0.7 - 1.1

07-1.1

1.1 -1.7

Perennial weeds

0.9 - 1.1

1.1 - 1.7

* Seedlings only stunted.

Use 500 mL/ac Embutox 625 tank mixed with 47 mL/ac MCPA Na-salt or 36 mL/ac MCPA K-salt for
improved wild mustard control beyond the 4 leaf stage. Refer to other formulation labels for tank mixes for
wild mustard control.

Water volume: 60 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Damage to forage legumes (especially to established alfalfa) may occur and increase in
severity the longer treatment is delayed beyond stage recommended. Do not spray in drought conditions.
Oats are sensitive if treated before the 5 leaf stage. For better wild mustard control, tank mix with MCPA
Amine for use on seedling alfalfa and bird’s-foot trefoil - some crop stunting may occur. Use low rate when
tank mixing with MCPA (see product label).

9. How it Works: Susceptible plants convert 2,4-DB to 2,4-D. Certain legumes do not convert it. 2,4-DB is
translocated to actively growing parts.

10. Expected Results: Weeds should die within 2 - 3 weeks of treatment. Smartweeds seedlings only stunted.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall before the foliage has dried from the spraying may decrease activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed until 30 days after treatment.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,960 mg/kg. Toxic to fish. Non-toxic to
birds and bees.

Embutox 625/Caliber 400/Cobutox 600 (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage is not required. If frozen, warm to 20 - 22°C and agitate thoroughly.

1 7. Resistance Management: Embutox 625/Caliber 400/Cobutox 600 is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Embutox 625/Caliber 400/Cobutox 600 and
other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are
used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but
specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-
management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Eptam (EPTC)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Eptam 8-E; 800 g/L; 10 L can.

2. Registered Mixes: Treflan and Rival [beans (dry common white and red kidney) only], Eptam 8-E -f
Lexone or Sencor (Irish potatoes), liquid or granular fertilizers (except nitrate based). Rival, Treflan.

Mixing restrictions: Check fertilizer compatibility before tank mixing.

3. Crops: Alfalfa (7.7), bird’s-foot trefoil, dry beans (7.8), flax (7.5), Irish potatoes (8.8), snap beans (8.7),
sugar beets (8.3), sunflowers (7.8), turnips (rutabagas) (8.0).

Seed production only: Cicer milk vetch, sweet clover. Underseeding: Not recommended.

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual bluegrass (7.2)
barnyard grass (8.6)*
common chickweed
corn spurry (9.0)
green foxtail (7.7)*

hairy nightshade (6.3)
henbit

Italian ryegrass (8.4)
lamb's-quarters (6.4)*
prostrate pigweed*

purslane

quackgrass

redroot pigweed (6.3)*
tumble pigweed*

volunteer barley (7.0)
volunteer oats
volunteer wheat (7.9)
wild oats (8.1)

* In dry beans, improved control can be obtained by tank mixing with Treflan or Rival.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil (seedings), cicer milk vetch, sweet clover - Pre-planting: Do not use
if seeding a grain or grass nurse crop.

Snap beans or dry beans (including red kidney) - Pre-planting: Do not use on cow peas or Adzuki, soy, lima
or other flat-podded beans except Romano.

Flax, sunflower - Spring - Pre-planting: Do not apply in spring to soils with less than 3% organic matter.
Fall - Before freeze-up: Cultivate lightly to destroy any overwintering rosettes in spring before seeding.
Potatoes: Incorporate in the fall or spring, after pre-emergence cultivation or before the last cultivation.
Eptam 8-E can also be metered into sprinkler irrigation equipment (read label for instructions).

Turnips: Apply and incorporate 6-10 days before planting.

Sugar Beets: In sprinkler irrigation water.

Note: Fall application should not be used in areas where soil drifting is a hazard.

116

Eptam (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment or irrigation water.

Rate:

Crop

Eptam 8-E l/ac

Crop

Eptam 8-E L/ac

Alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil,

1.7

Potatoes (pre-plant, pre-emergent)

1.7 - 3.4

cicer milk vetch, sweet clover

(post-emergent)

1.7 - 2.2

Dry beans, snap beans

1.7 - 2.2

(sprinkler)

1.7 -2.2

(see exceptions in When Used)

(fall)

2.2 - 3.4

Flax (spring; sandy soil)

1.4

Sugar beets (sprinklers)

1.1 - 1.7

(spring; clay soil)

1.7

Sunflowers (spring)

1.7

(fall; sandy soil)

1.7

(fall)

1.7 - 2.2

(fall; clay soil)

2.2

Turnips (sandy soil)

1.3

(Do not use on Flax south of Highway 1

in Alberta)

(clay soil)

1.7

Dry common beans, red kidney beans, white beans, Eptam 8-E + Treflan 545EC or Rival 500EC,

1.2 L/ac + 445 mL/ac or 486 mL/ac.

Water volume: 45 L/ac minimum.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Incorporation: Incorporate immediately. Second incorporation must be at right angles to the first.
Power-driven cultivation equipment, set to cut 5 - 7.5 cm deep. Tandem, one way discs, set to cut
10 - 15 cm and operate at 6.5 - 9.5 km/h followed by harrows. Field cultivators, for lighter soils in good
tilth. Use 3 - 4 rows of sweeps spaced no wider than 18 cm. Cut 10 - 15 cm deep at 9.5 km/h. Pull a levelling
device (such as harrows) behind incorporating equipment.

8. Application Tips: For use on mineral soils only. When applying Eptam 8-E with granular fertilizer, a
minimum of 81 kg/ac and a maximum of 324 kg/ac of fertilizer is required. See product label for further
instructions.

Flax, special instructions: Seed shallow, less than 3 cm, into a firm seedbed. Deep seeding reduces
stands.

9. How it Works: Taken up by the roots and shoots of a germinating weed where it disrupts and stops further
growth.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Absorbed by the weed shoot, therefore, most affected weeds will not emerge. Numerous chlorotic
and bleached shoots may be visible by removing the top few inches of treated soil. Provides effective weed
control for approximately 6 - 8 weeks.

Crops: If crop seedlings are weak, some injury may occur.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Very soluble in water so excessive moisture may cause leaching (usually not a problem
in Alberta).

12. Movement in Soil: Eptam will move readily in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed in year of treatment.

Harvest restriction: Pre-harvest interval (days) after treatment - potatoes (45).

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,600 mg/kg. Very toxic to fish. Non-toxic
to birds.

117

Eptam (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage not required. Store away from seed and fertilizer.

17. Resistance Management: Eptam is a Group 8 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Eptam and other Group 8 herbicides. The resistant biot)q)es may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Eradicane 8-E (epto

Group 8

Manufacturer: Norac Concepts Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 800 g/L; 10 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Atrazine (80W or F), liquid fertilizer, granular fertilizer, urea and urea blends. Sencor
and Dual.

Mixing restrictions: Check fertilizer comparability before tank mixing.

3. Crops: Field corn, sweet corn (9.0).

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual bluegrass
annual ryegrass
barnyard grass (8.6)
crabgrass

common chickweed

corn spurry
green foxtail (7.7)
hairy nightshade (6.3)
henbit

lamb's-quarters (6.4)

prostrate pigweed
purslane
quackgrass
redroot pigweed (6.3)
tumble pigweed

5. Weeds Suppressed: wild proso millet.

6. When Used: Apply, incorporate and seed corn crop as soon as possible.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

volunteer barley (7.0)
volunteer oats
volunteer wheat (7.9)
wild oats (8.1)
yellow foxtail

Rate:

Crop

Field corn, silage corn
Sweet corn
sandy soils
clay soils

annual weed control
quackgrass control

Vac

1.7 - 3.4
1.7 - 2.2
1.7
2.2

2.2 (maximum)
3.4

Water volume: 45 L/ac minimum
Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

118

Eradicane 8-E (cont'd)

Incorporation: Within minutes of application. Use power-driven cultivation equipment, set to cut
5 - 7.5 cm deep or discs set 10 - 15 cm - both these types of equipment should operate at 6.5 - 9.5 km/h.

A second working at right angles to the first will provide adequate mixing. Pull a levelling device (such as
harrows) behind incorporating equipment.

8. Application Tips: Proper soil coverage and immediate and adequate soil mixing are important.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by roots and shoots of a germinating weed, disrupts and stops growth and causes
eventual death.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Affected weeds do not emerge, chlorotic and bleached shoots are visible by removing a layer of
treated soil.

Crops: Weak seedlings may be injured. Poor results may be expected if soils are wet, cloddy and trashy or
not suitable for proper application or incorporation.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Very soluble therefore, excessive moisture may cause leaching (usually not a problem in
Alberta).

12. Movement in Soil: will move readily.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: No restrictions on grazing, crop use after hail or on succeeding crops. Danger from
drift is low.

Caution: Excessive incorporation required may cause erosion on some soil.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 1,600 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Heated storage not required.

17. Resistance Management: Eradicane 8-E is a Group 8 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Eradicane 8-E and other Group 8 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38 - 42).

Escort

(metsulfuron methyl)

Group 2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; 60%; 250 g container.

2. Registered Mixes: 2,4-D Ester or Amine. Surfactants: Escort must be used with a recommended
surfactant such as Ag-Surf, Agral 90, or Citowett Plus.

Mixing instructions: Add 1/2 - 3/4 required amount of water. While agitating, add Escort and ensure it is
completely suspended. If mixing with 2,4-D, add 2,4-D after the Escort is in suspension. Complete filling,
then add surfactant. Continuous agitation is required. Antifoaming agent may be needed.

119

rbicides

Escort (cont'd)

3. Crops: Non-crop areas, pasture, rangeland, rough turf.

4. Weeds Controlled: Common tansy, kochia, Russian thistle, scentless chamomile, sweet clover: 8 g/ac.
Western snowberry plus above weeds: 10 g/ac.

Dandelion, wild rose plus above weeds: 12 g/ac.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, sow-thistle.

6. When Used:

Brush: Mid- June to mid-August after weed species has leafed out but before fall colouration begins.

Weeds: Annuals - For best results, apply to young (less than 10 cm). Biennial and perennial weeds up to the
early bud stage. Weeds should be actively growing at the time of application.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 8-12 g/ac depending on weed species.

Surfactant: 2 L/1,000 L spray solution.

Water volume: 40 - 90 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat Fan types. 50 mesh or larger screens. Only metal or nylon filters.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, clean sprayer thoroughly immediately after
spra)dng.

1. Drain tank; then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually
inspect tank to assure removal of all visible residues of Escort. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill the tank with clean water and add one litre of household ammonia (containing a minimum of
3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Fill boom and hoses with solution and allow sprayer to sit for
15 minutes. Drain.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens, and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Nozzles and screens should be removed and cleaned separately. To remove traces of ammonia, rinse the
tank, hoses and booms thoroughly with clean water.

8. Application Tips: Apply as a full coverage spray to foliage and stems using equipment that will assure
uniform coverage. Use spray preparation within 48 hours or product degradation may occur. If spray
preparation is left standing without agitation, thoroughly agitate before spraying. Avoid overspray or drift to
important wildlife habitats such as shelterbelts, wetlands, sloughs, and dry slough borders, woodlots,
vegetated ditchbanks and other cover on the edge of fields. Leave a 50 metre buffer zone between the last
spray swath and the edge of any of these habitats.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: Escort rapidly stops growth of susceptible species; however, typical symptoms
(discolouration) may not be noticeable for several weeks after application, depending on growing conditions
and weed susceptibility. Warm, moist conditions following treatment promote the activity of Escort while
cold, dry conditions may reduce or delay activity. Brush hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may
not be controlled.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 hours of application may lessen the degree of weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement of Escort is restricted by fine-textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral to
acidic conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: The treated area may be grazed on the day of treatment.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

120

Escort (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Non-corrosive, non-flammable, non-volatile and does not freeze.

17. Resistance Management: Escort is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Escort and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Estaprop/Turboprop 600/
SEE Diphenoprop/
Dichlorprop-D/Interprop

(2,4-D + dichlorprop)

Group 4

Manufacturer; Nufarm/United Agri Products/Interprovincial Co-operatives

WARNING POISON

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 282 g/L 2,4-D Ester isomer specific -f 300 g/L dichlorprop;
Dichlorprop-D, 10 L; Estaprop; 10 L, 114 L container; Turboprop 600; 10 L, 115 L containers; SEE
Diphenoprop; Solventless Concentrate; 222 g/L 2,4-D -f 222 g/L dichlorprop; 10 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Assert 300SC, Avenge (barley. Avenge wheat varieties). Achieve 80DG, Everest, Horizon,
Puma^2° Super.

Mixing instructions: Add 2,4-D -I- dichlorprop. Agitate. Add Avenge. Refer to Achieve 80DG write-up for
mixing instructions. Puma: add Estaprop, then add Puma.

3. Crops: Barley (8.1), spring wheat (8.2), winter wheat (8.9). Underseeding: Legumes not recommended.

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sow-thistle (7.6)
ball mustard
bluebur (9.0)
burdock
cocklebur
dog mustard
flixweed (7.6)
hare's-ear mustard

Indian mustard
kochia (8.1)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.4)
night-flowering catchfly
oak-leaved goosefoot
ragweeds

redroot pigweed (7.9)

round-leaved mallow (6.9)
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle (8.1)
shepherd's-purse (7.8)
smartweeds (6.9)
stinkweed (8.4)
stork's-bill (7.3)

tartary buckwheat (8.2)
tumble mustard
volunteer rapeseed
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (6.8)
wild mustard (8.6)
wormseed mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (5.6), curled dock, perennial sow-thistle, round-leaved mallow**,
toadflax. ** (Turboprop, See Diphenoprop).

121

Herbicides

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Estaprop/Turboprop 600/SEE Diphenoprop/Dichlorprop-D/Interprop (cont'd)

When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, wheat (not underseeded with legumes: 4 leaf stage to the early flag leaf (shot blade)
stage. Do not apply before the 4 leaf stage or between flag leaf to full-headed stages. Do not use on oats.
Winter wheat: Should be treated in early spring only, between full tillering and early flag leaf stages.

Weed stage: Apply when weeds are young and actively growing. Early spra3dng of stork’s-bill, round-
leaved mallow and kochia gives good control.

How to Apply:

With: Ground or air equipment.

Rate: 710 mL/ac.

Water volume: 20 - 80 L/ac. Air: 12 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa. Air: 235 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Application Tips: Crops under stress from adverse environmental conditions such as excess moisture,
drought, or disease may suffer a further setback when Estaprop or Turboprop is applied; however, the crop
injury that may occur is usually offset by weed control obtained.

How it Works: A systemic herbicide absorbed by leaf and stem.

Expected Results: Twisting and curling of weeds will commence 2 - 10 days after application. Growth
ceases, eventually plants turn brown and die. Poor results may be expected if poor coverage or low relative
humidity during and after spraying.

Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 3 or 4 hours of application may reduce control.

Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed until 30 days after treatment.

Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,4-D, 300 - 1,000 mg/kg,
dichlorprop = 800 mg/kg. Do not spray on foraging bees. Toxic to bees. May be absorbed through the skin
and may cause burns.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: May be stored at any temperature. Shake well after storing for 1 year or longer.

** Toadflax: Apply when the majority of the toadflax are no taller than 15 cm. The degree of suppression
will vary with the size of toadflax and environmental conditions prior to and following treatment. Use of
Estaprop or Turboprop for suppression of toadflax in wheat or barley is part of a long-term planned
approach for toadflax control. Do not apply before the 4 leaf stage or between flag leaf to full-headed stages.
Note: This is a minor use registration and may or may not appear on the current product label.

Resistance Management: Estaprop/Turboprop 600/SEE Diphenoprop/Dichloprop-D/Interprop is a
Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to
Estaprop/Turboprop 600/SEE Diphenoprop/Dichloprop-D/Interprop and other Group 4 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38-42).

122

Estaprop/Turboprop 600/
Dichlorprop-D/Desormone/

Diphenoprop 700 (2,4-D + dichlorprop)

Industrial

Group 4

Manufacturer: Nufarm Canada/United Agri Products/interprovincial Co-operatives Ltd.

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Estaprop/Turboprop 600/Dichlorprop-D, 282 g/L 2,4-D Ester
isomer specific -I- 300 g/L dichlorprop; Estaprop, 10 L, 114 L container; Turboprop 600, 10 L, 115 L, 400 L
containers; Dichlorprop-D, 10 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Vanquish, fuel oil (basal, frill, stump), TCA (spruce, balsam, pine).

Mixing instructions: Add 1/2 amount of carrier, start agitation, add herbicide, then add rest of carrier. In
water, agitate to prevent separation. In oil, do not let water get into mixture.

3. Crops: Industrial areas, non-crop areas, rights-of-way, roadsides.

Underseeding: Not applicable.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Brush:

Group 1

buckbrush

poplar

sugar maple

wild plum

white cedar

hawthorn

Scotch pine

wild cherry

wild raspberry

Group 2

alder

bur oak

hickory

red pine

tamarack

aspen

elderberry

honeysuckle

rose

tame raspberry

balsam fir

elm

Manitoba maple

Scotch pine

white oak

basswood

ground juniper

poison-ivy

silver maple

wild apple

birch

hazel

poplar

sumac

willow

blueberry

hardback

Weeds (also weeds listed for Estaprop, Turboprop 600)

alfalfa

cinquefoil

hawkweed

tansy

bull thistle

curled dock

horsetail

teasel

burdock

dandelion

mullein

vetch

buttercup

dogbane

perennial sow-thistle

wild carrot

Canada thistle

goat's-beard

plantain

yellow rocket

chicory

goldenrod

sweet clover

5. Weeds Suppressed: Milkweed, toadflax.

6. When Used:

Brush control: Apply on foliage and stems just before or just after brush is in full leaf in late spring or
early fall. Many species may require retreatment the following year.

Basal treatment (not ash or basswood) : Any time of year.

Frill treatment: Standing trees more than 13 - 15 cm in diameter.

Stump treatment: Immediately after cutting.

Weeds: During May or in early fall. Some species may require a second treatment.

123

Herbicides

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Estaprop/Turboprop 600/Dichlorprop-D/Desormone/Diphenoprop 700 (cont'd)

How to Apply:

With: Power equipment, knapsack sprayer, air.

Rate: Brush control (rate/1,000 L of water): Group 1 (see Weeds Controlled): Estaprop/Dichlorprop-D,

8.75 L; Turboprop 8.0 L. Group 2: Estaprop/Dichlorprop-D, 11.7 L; Turboprop, 11.0 L.

Basal (not ash or basswood) (rate/ 100 L of fuel oil): Group 1: Estaprop/Dichlorprop-D, 3.25 L;
Turboprop, 2.4 L. Group 2: Estaprop/Dichlorprop-D, 5.1 L; Turboprop 3.2 L.

Frill/stump treatment (rate/100 L fuel oil): Estaprop/Dichlorprop-D, 3.25 L; Turboprop, 3.2 L.
Weeds: Estaprop/Turboprop/Dichlorprop-D, 1.6 L/ac.

Water volume:

Ground: Brush Control 305 - 610 L/ac depending on brush density and height. Weeds 80 - 240 L/ac, spray
to point of runoff.

Pressure: As recommended for equipment used.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Application Tips: Thoroughly wet down all foliage and stems to ground level. Do not spray during high
winds or high temperatures.

How it Works: A translocated, systemic herbicide absorbed by leaves.

Expected Results: Leaves brown and wilt shortly after sprajdng - no leaves appear the following year.
Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 3 or 4 hours after application may reduce control.

Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: No grazing restrictions specified.

Drift: Over susceptible crops causes injury.

Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,4-D, 300 - 1,000 mg/kg;
dichlorprop = 800 mg/kg. Do not apply when bees are foraging. Toxic to bees. May be absorbed through the
skin and may cause burns.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: if frozen, warm to 5°C and mix well.

Note: Similar products are Desormone/Diphenoprop 700.

Everest (flucarbazone sodium)

Group 2

Manufacturer: Arvesta Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; 70%; 696g (4 X 174g) water-soluble packets.

2. Registered Mixes: Green foxtail and wild oat control in spring wheat: Everst at 17.4 g/ac + non-
ionic surfactant at 0.25 L/lOO L: 2,4-D Amine or Ester, MCPA Amine or Ester, Ally** -t- 2,4-D Amine or Ester,
Attain, Buctril M, Curtail M, DyVel, DyVel DS, Estaprop, Express Pack, Frontline, Frontline/2,4-D, Pardner,
Prestige, Refine Extra** -I- 2,4-D Amine or Ester, Spectrum, Target*, Thumper, Unity**.

124

Everest (cont'd)

In durum wheat: 2,4-D Amine or Ester, Frontline, Spectrum.

Green foxtail control only in spring wheat: Everest at 8.7 g/ac + non-ionic surfactant at

0. 25. L/lOO L: 2,4-D Amine or Ester, Buctril M, Estaprop, Thumper, Refine Extra** -t- 2,4-D Amine.

* Reduction in wild oat control may be observed with this tank mix partner.

** Addition of a second surfactant is not required for Everest Solupak tank mixes with Ally, Refine Extra and Unity
Herbicide tank mix. Use only one of the recommended surfactants from the Everest Solupak label at an application
rate of 0.25% v/v (0.25 L per 100 L total spray solution).

Note: Everest must be tank mixed with a broadleaf partner for crop safety. Broadleaf tank mix partners
containing 2,4-D will provide the greatest crop safety.

Non-ionic surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90. L 1700, Super spreader. Surf 92. Mixing with other adjuvants is
not recommended.

Mixing restrictions: Do not use packets in liquid fertilizer. Do not use packets in a tank mix with products
that contain boron or release-free chlorine. The resultant reaction of water-soluble packets and boron or free
chlorine is a plastic, which is not soluble in water or solvents such as diesel oils, kerosene, gasoline or
alcohol.

3. Crops: Canada Prairie spring wheat, durum wheat, extra strong spring wheat, hard red spring wheat, soft
white spring wheat, utility spring wheat.

Underseeding: Do not apply to spring wheat underseeded to legumes.

4. Weeds Controlled: Green foxtail (including Group 1 and 3 herbicide resistant green foxtail), wild oats
(including Group 1 and 8 herbicide resistant wild oats) .

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: 1 - 6 leaf stage (1 leaf to 4 leaves on the main stem, plus 2 tillers).

Weed stage: Green foxtail, wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage (1 leaf to 4 leaves on the main stem, plus 2 tillers).

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 17.4 g/ac. Add Agral 90 or Ag-Surf at 0.25 L per 100 L of spray solution. Green foxtail: 8.7 g/ac.

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 207 - 345 kPa.

Nozzles: The use of 80° or 110° flat fan nozzles is recommended for optimum spray coverage. Nozzles may
be oriented 45° forward to enhance crop penetration and to give better weed coverage. In-line strainers and
nozzle screens should be 50-mesh or coarser.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill the spray tank 3/4 full with clean water and begin agitation or bypass.

2. Add the required number of unopened packets of Everest Solupak, as determined by the rate, directly to
the spray tank. Depending on the water temperature and the degree of agitation, the packets should be
completely dissolved within approximately 5 to 10 minutes from the time they were added to the water.
Maintain sufficient agitation during both mixing and application.

3. Add the broadleaf herbicide.

4. Add the surfactant, then complete filling the tank with the balance of water needed.

Sprayer cleanup:

1. Drain the tank and thoroughly rinse spray tank, boom and hoses with clean water. Pay particular attention
to flushing out any visible deposits.

2. Fill the tank with clean water and 1% v/v (1 L/lOO L) household ammonia. Flush the hoses, boom and
nozzles with the cleaning solution. Circulate for at least 15 minutes. Flush hoses, boom and nozzles once
more, then drain the tank.

3. Clean nozzles and screens in a separate container using the ammonia and water.

4. Repeat #2.

125

Herbicides

Everest (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

5. Rinse the tank, boom and hoses with clean water.

6. Check the tank mix partner label for any additional cleanup procedures.

Do not clean sprayer near desirable vegetation, wells or other water sources. Dispose of all rinsings in
accordance with provincial regulations. Check the tank mix partner label for any additional cleanup
procedures.

Application Tips: wheat exposed to the following at application time could show unacceptable injury
symptoms: water-logged or saturated soils, temperature extremes such as heat or freezing weather, drought,
low fertility or plant disease. Weed control may also be reduced by these same conditions. Crop tolerance
and weed control may be reduced if applications are made to plants growing under stress. Stress includes
saturated or water logged soil, drought, extreme temperatures, low fertility or visible disease symptoms at
application. Adopting practices to increase crop vigour will improve crop tolerance.

How it Works: Flucarbazone-sodium is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed by both leaves and roots and
moves rapidly to the growing point of the plant.

Expected Results: Growth of susceptible plants stops soon after application. Symptoms include
discolouration (yellowing, reddening and purpling), and complete control may take 1 to 2 weeks.

Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rainfall is expected in 1 hour after application.

Movement in Soil: None.

Cropping Restrictions: The following crops may be planted 1 1 months after application:

Black soil zone: Barley, canola (all varieties), field bean, field peas*, flax, spring wheat.

Brown soil zone: Spring wheat.

Dark Brown soil zone: Barley, canola (all varieties), field peas*, flax, spring wheat.

Grey-Wooded soil zone: Barley, canola (all varieties), field peas*, spring wheat.

* Field peas may be grown the year following an Everest application where precipitation has been equal to or above the
10 year average (during the growing season of the year of application) and where organic matter content is above 4%
and soil pH is below 7.5.

Rotational crops can be adversely affected if rainfall is below normal (10 year average) during the year of
application. Use certified seed and good agronomic practices to reduce the effect on rotational crops.

Everest applications to eroded knolls in the Dark Brown and Black soil zones with low organic matter (less
than 2%) and high pH (greater that 7.5) or to Grey-Wooded soils with highly variable soil texture and
organic matter may result in delayed development or reduced yield of rotational crop.

Grazing restrictions: Do not feed or graze treated fields. Wheat grain or straw from treated fields may be
fed to livestock.

Other restrictions: Observe minimum interval to harvest of 80 days after treatment.

Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: store in a cool, dry place and in such a manner as to prevent cross contamination with other
pesticides, fertilizers, food, or feed. Store in original container and out of reach of children, preferably in a
locked storage area. Everest Solupak is not affected by freezing. Avoid physical damage to Everest Solupak
water-soluble packets during storage and prior to mixing in spray tank.

Resistance Management: Everest is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Everest and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

126

Express Pack (tribenuron methyl)

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc,

Group 2

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Dry flowable, 75%, 160 g container Express packaged with 10 L jug 2,4-D Ester LV 700.

2. Registered Mixes: Express herbicide must be tank mixed with 2,4-D. Do not use Express alone.

2,4-D Ester LV 700 (240 mL/ac - 323 mL/ac), Assert -t- 2,4-D Ester LV 700 (spring and durum wheat), Banvel
II -I- 2,4-D Ester LV 700 (spring wheat and barley), Puma^^“ Super + 2,4-D Ester LV 700 (spring wheat,
durum wheat and barley).

Mixing instructions: Add 1/3 required amount of water. While agitating, add Express and ensure it is
completely suspended. Add 2,4-D Ester. Complete filling. Antifoaming agents may be required. For repeat
tank loads, reduce remaining mixture to 10% of original spray volumes or pre-slurry Express.

3. Crops: Barley durum wheat, spring wheat, summerfallow.

Underseeding: Do not apply to wheat and barley underseeded to legumes or grasses.

4. Weeds Controlled: Express and 2,4-D Ester

annual sunflower
ball mustard (8.6)
cow cockle (8.9)
flixweed

hare's-ear mustard (8.6)
Indian mustard (8.6)

kochia(2-10leaf)(8.1)
lamb's-quarters (8.2)
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard
prickly lettuce
redroot pigweed (8.6)

Russian pigweed
Russian thistle (8.5)
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed (8.9)
sweet clover

thyme-leaved spurge
tumble mustard (8.6)
wild mustard (8.6)
wild radish

wormseed mustard (8.6)

Express -1- 2,4-D Ester + Assert: All weeds controlled by Express Pack plus wild oats.

Express -I- 2,4-D -I- Banvel II: All weeds controlled by Express Pack plus sulfonyurea resistant kochia.
Express + 2,4-D Ester + Puma^^® Super: All weeds controlled by Express Pack plus green foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (top growth control) (6.9), wild buckwheat (1 - 3 leaf) (8.1).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, spring wheat (including durum): 3 leaf expanded to just before the flag leaf stage (shot
blade). Do not apply after the head has emerged.

Weed stage: Apply to young, emerged actively growing weeds that are less than 10 cm tall or across and
before the crop canopy closes.

Summerfallow (control of fall rosettes and spring seedlings of shepherd’s-purse, narrow-leaved hawk’s-
beard, flixweed and stinkweed) : Apply the tank mix in the spring after emergence, up to the early flowering
stage. Only weeds that have emerged at the time of application will be controlled.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Express

2,4-D Ester LV 700

Assert

Banvel

Tank mixes

(g/ac)

(ml/ac)

Express Pack alone

250

Express Pack plus Assert

250

500 - 670

Express Pack plus Banvel 11

250

Express Pack plus Puma Super

250

Puma’2® Super
(mL/ac)

156

Herbicides

Express Pack (cont'd)

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Do not use flood jet nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, clean sprayer thoroughly immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Express when cleaning equipment. Use the following
procedure:

1 . Drain tank; then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes to remove all
visible residues.

2. Fill the tank with clean water, then add 1 litre household Ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. (Do not use ammonia with chlorine bleach). Fill boom and hoses
with solution and allow sprayer to sit for 15 minutes. Drain.

3. Repeat step 2.

4. Nozzles and screens should be removed and cleaned separately. To remove traces of ammonia, rinse the
tank, hoses and booms thoroughly with clean water.

5. Dispose of tank rinseate according to Provincial directions. Note: It is difficult to remove all traces of
2,4-D Ester from a sprayer. Therefore, take extra precautions when spraying crops sensitive to 2,4-D Ester
immediately following a 2,4-D Ester application.

8. Application Tips: Wild oat herbicides require a 4 - 5 day interval before or after an application of Express.
Effectiveness may be reduced if spray mixture remains in tank for more than 24 hours. When tank mixed
with Assert, apply within 12 hours of mixing.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots, inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: Express stops growth of susceptible weeds immediately. However, typical systoms
(discolouration) of dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application, depending on
growing conditions and weed susceptibility. Degree of control and duration of effect depend on weed
sensitivity, weed size, spray coverage and growing conditions. Favorable growing conditions following
treatment promote the activity of Express while cold, dry conditions delay the activity.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rain occurs soon after application, control may be reduced. 4 - 6 hours of dry weather
are needed to allow Express to be absorbed by weed foliage.

12. Movement in Soil: Express moves little in the soil. Its life in the soil is very short.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Wheat or barley may be grazed or cut for hay 7 days after application. A minimum
recropping interval of 2 months should be left between the application of Express and seeding of the next
crop. The following crops can be seeded after 2 months: canola, flax, lentils, alfalfa.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. May irritate eyes,
nose, throat and skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

1 7. Resistance Management: Express Pack is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Express Pack and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biot)q)es may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

128

Express Toss-iy-tio

(tribenuron methyl)

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada tnc.Od

Group 2

1. Formulations: Dry flowable, 75%, 160 g container Express.

2. Registered Mixes: Round-Up Original, Round-Up Transorb, Round-Up Dry or Touchdown 600.

Mixing instructions: Add 1/3 required amount of water. While agitating, add Express and ensure it is
completely suspended. Add the appropriate amount of tank mix partners. Once components are in
suspension, add Agral 90. Complete filling. Anti-foaming agents may be required. For repeat tank loads,
reduce remaining mixture to 10% of original spray volumes or pre-slurry Express.

3. Crops: Pre-seed burn-off, summerfallow.

4. Weeds Controlled: Express and registered glyphosate.

canola kochia stinkweed wild buckwheat

dandelion lady's- thumb volunteer barley wild mustard

top growth control lamb's-quarters volunteer wheat wild oats

green foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, narrow-leaved hawk’s beard , redroot pigweed, Russian thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Spring wheat, durum or barley can be seeded 24 hours after application.

Weed stage: Apply to young, emerged actively growing weeds that are less than 10 cm tall or across and
before the crop canopy closes.

Summerfallow: (control of fall rosettes and spring seedlings of narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard and
stinkweed) Apply the tank mix in the spring after emergence, up to the early flowering stage. Only weeds
that have emerged at the time of application will be controlled.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 4 g/ac of Express Toss-N-Go, 0.4 1/ac registered glyphosate.

Surfactant: 3.5 L/1,000 L of solution.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Do not use flood jet nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, clean sprayer thoroughly immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Express Toss-N-Go when cleaning equipment. Use the
following procedure:

1. Drain tank; then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes to remove all
visible residues.

2. Fill the tank with clean water, then add 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. (Do not use ammonia with chlorine bleach). Fill boom and hoses
with solution and allow sprayer to sit for 15 minutes. Drain.

3. Repeat step 2.

4. Nozzles and screens should be removed and cleaned separately. To remove traces of ammonia, rinse the
tank, hoses and booms thoroughly with clean water.

5. Dispose of tank rinseate according to provincial directions.

129

Express Toss-N-Go (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Effectiveness may be reduced if spray mixture remains in the tank for more than 24 hours.

9. How it Works; Absorbed by foliage and roots, inhibits cell elongation.

1 0. Expected Results: Express stops the growth of susceptible weeds immediately. However, typical systems
(discolouration) of dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application, depending on
growing conditions and weed susceptibility. Degree of control and duration of effect depend on weed
sensitivity, weed size, spray coverage and growing conditions. Favorable growing conditions following
treatment promote the activity of Express while cold, dry conditions delay the activity.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rain occurs soon after application, control may be reduced; 4 hours of dry weather are
needed to allow Express Toss-N-Go to be absorbed by weed foliage.

12. Movement in Soil: Express Toss-N-Go moves little in the soil. Its life in the soil is very short.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: A minimum recropping interval of 2 months should be left between the application
of Express and seeding of canola, flax, lentils, alfalfa.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD50 (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. May irritate eyes,
nose, throat and skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Express Toss-N- Go is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Express Toss-N- Go and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

FlaxMax

(sethoxydim + clopyralid + MCPA Ester)

Group 1,4

Manufacturer; BASF Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

Poast Ultra: 450 g/L, 3.65 L.

FlaxMax: 50 g/L clopyralid + 280 g/L. MCPA Ester: 2 x 8.1 L.
Merge: 8.1 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Flax (excluding low linolenic acid varieties).

130

FlaxMax (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Poast Ultra

FlaxMax

Merge

Weed species

Leaf stage

(ffll/ac)

(mtyac)

(niiyac)

Annual grasses

Barnyard grass, crabgrass {large), fall panicum,
green foxtail, Persian darnel, proso millet,
volunteer corn, wild millet, witchgrass,
yellow foxtail

1 -6

130

607

304

Wild oats and volunteer cereals

Volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, wild oats

1 - 4

Annual broadleaf weeds

Flixweed, lamb's-quarters, shepherd' s*purse,
stinkweed, volunteer sunflower, wild mustard

2-4*

Perennial weeds

10 cm to early

Canada thistle** (light infestations),
common groundsel

bud stage

Annual grasses

Barnyard grass, crabgrass (large), fall panicum,
green foxtail, Persian darnel, proso millet,
volunteer corn, wild millet, witchgrass,
yellow foxtail

1 - 6

190

810

405

Wild oats and volunteer cereals

Volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, wild oats

1 - 6

Annual broadleaf weeds

Annual sow-thistle, common groundsel,
flixweed, lamb's-quarters, redroot pigweed,
Russian pigweed, scentless chamomile,
shepherd' s-purse, smartweed, stinkweed,
tartary buckwheat, volunteer canola, volunteer
sunflower, wild buckwheat, wild mustard

2-4*

Perennial weeds

Spring rosette

190

810

405

Dandelion

stage

Perennial weeds

Perennial sow-thistle

Top growth

190

810

405

Perennial weeds

1 0 cm to early

Canada thistle (medium to heavy infestations)

bud stage

* Treatments made to broadleaf weeds after the 4 leaf stage may result in less than satisfactory control.

** Spring-long control with potential regrowth in the fall.

Note: Some delay in crop maturity and crop injury may result from the use of the high rate, but any
potential yield reductions will usually be offset by increased yields due to better weed control.

131

FlaxMax (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage; Flax: 5 - 15 cm tall. Early spraying will reduce the risk of crop injury.

Weed stage: (see weed control chart above).

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Poast Ultra FlaxMax Merge

130 - 190 mUac 607 - 809 ml/ac 304 - 405 ml/ac

Water volume: 40 - 60 L/ac.

Pressure: 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles tilted 45° forward preferred. The use of flood jet or hollow cone nozzles is not
recommended because of uneven and inadequate spray coverage.

8. Application Tips: Early spraying will reduce the risk of crop injury. Ensure thorough and uniform spray
coverage over the entire leaf area of the target weeds. When weeds are stressed due to drought, flooding or
prolonged hot or cool temperatures (15°C or less), control can be reduced or delayed since weeds are not
actively growing. Weed escapes may occur under prolonged stress conditions or low fertility. Do not make
applications to weeds stressed longer than 20 days due to lack of moisture as unsatisfactory control can
result. Ensure thorough and uniform spray coverage over the entire leaf area of the target weeds. Do not
apply FlaxMax herbicide directly to or otherwise permit it to come into contact with sunflowers, legumes,
fruit or vegetable crops, flowers or other desirable broadleaf plants, and take precautions to avoid spray
mists drifting onto them. Equipment used to apply FlaxMax herbicide should not be used to apply other
pesticides to sensitive crops without thorough cleaning.

9. How it Works: Poast is a contact and systemic herbicide. Uptake is primarily through the leaves and
thorough coverage of foliage is important for consistent control. Susceptible annual grasses stop growing
and slowly turn brown. Complete control takes 7-21 days. Clopyralid is a growth regulator type of
herbicide, which is primarily absorbed through the foliage and is translocated to all parts of the plant
causing leaves and stems to twist, yellow and then die. MCPA is a systemic herbicide for broadleaf weeds
that is translocated throughout the plant causing rapid undifferentiated growth, which usually results in the
death of susceptible weeds.

1 0. Expected Results:

Grasses: Susceptible annual grasses stop growing and slowly turn brown. Complete control takes
7-21 days.

Broadleaf weeds: Weeds start to twist after spraying; after twisting and bending, plants turn brown and
die.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is forecast within 6 hours of application.

12. Movement in Soil: Poast is relatively immobile in the soil and breaks down quickly. Clopyralid is somewhat
soluble in water, but is generally not mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions. MCPA is readily leached
from the soil.

132

FlaxMax (cont'd)

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields of flax within less than 7 days after application.
Succeeding crops: Fields previously treated with FlaxMax herbicide can be seeded to wheat, barley, oats,
rye, corn, flax, canola, sugar beets, mustard or should be summerfallowed. Field peas can be grown the
following year (10 months after applicaiton). Do not seed to crops other than those listed above for at least
one clear year following treatment.

14. Toxicity:

Poast: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute LD^^ (rats) = 2,500 mg/kg. Clopyralid: Very low acute
mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD5P (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg. Acute oral LD^^^ (bees) = >100 /xg/bee.
Extremely low toxicity to fish.

MCPA: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = technical 700 - 880 mg/kg. Low
toxicity to fish. May cause burns upon contact with skin and eyes, and it can be absorbed through the skin.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear overalls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in original, tightly-closed container and do not allow water to be introduced into this
container. Store in cool (above 5°C), dry and well ventilated area. If product is frozen, bring to room
temperature and agitate before use.

17. Resistance Management: FlaxMax is both a Group l and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to FlaxMax and other Group 1 and 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Fortress (triallate + trifluralinj

Group 8,3

Manufacturer; Monsanto Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Granular; 10% triallate -I- 4% trifluralin; 22.7 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley (8.9), flax (8.0), durum wheat (9.0), mustard (9.0), rapeseed (9.0) (including canola), spring
wheat (8.2).

4. Weeds Controlled: Green foxtail (7.1), wild oats (7.3), yellow foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Kochia, lamb’s-quarters, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, wild buckwheat.

6. When Used:

spring: Pre-plant incorporated on barley, flax, spring and durum wheat and rapeseed (including canola).

Do not apply pre-plant with wheat in soils with 0 - 4% organic matter.

Fall: Apply in fall, after September 15 until soil freeze-up. Do not apply preplant with wheat in soil with less
than 2% organic matter.

Note - Fall applications: Where erosion may be a problem, maximize crop residue cover with only one
fall tillage incorporation.

133

Fortress (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate:

Fall Granular Fortress Rates (fcg/ac)

Organic matter

Crops

Less than 2%

2-4%

4-6%

Greater than 6%

Greater than 8%

Barley

5.7

6.9

Durum wheat, sping wheat

4.5

6.9

Flax, mustard, rapeseed

5.7

6.9

Barley

Durum wheat, sping wheat
Flax, mustard, rapeseed

Before seeding

Barley

Durum wheat, sping wheat
Flax, mustard, rapeseed

Incorporation:

Time: First incorporation within 24 hours, second incorporation can be either in the fall or spring.
Implement: Use a double disc or light duty cultivator plus harrows. Harrowing does not provide effective
incorporation if compacted soil prevents penetration of harrow teeth, if trash accumulates in harrow section
or if harrows bounce.

8. Application Tips: Calibrate equipment to deliver desired amount of product. Use only a hoe-drill or a double
disc press drill to seed barley or wheat into a Fortress-treated field. Do not apply to soil with less than 2%
organic matter if it is to be seeded to wheat. Do not apply Fortress for wheat on land that has been treated
with trifluralin since June 1 of the previous year.

Seeding: Flax, mustard and rapeseed can be seeded in treated layers. Barley and wheat are more sensitive
and should be planted 6.0 - 7.5 cm. Wheat must be seeded at least 1.0 cm below the treated layer. Do not
seed deeper than 7.5 cm. To ensure an even crop stand, increase the usual seeding rate of barley and wheat
by 10%. Seed into warm, moist seedbed.

Fall surface application: Where fields are prone to water and/or wind erosion and fall tillage is
therefore undesirable, fall surface applications should be made after October 15 or within three weeks of soil
freeze-up (average soil temperature at the 5 cm depth should be 4°C or less). Fall surface application should
be made to standing stubble, chemical fallow or summerfallow fields in a state of low soil erodibility. Avoid
smooth, hard packed soil conditions in summerfallow which may allow granules to drift. Surface
applications should not be made to fields covered in snow or that have excessive crop residue, which will not
allow granules contact with soil. Under excessively warm and/or wet conditions between application and
crop emergence, control may be reduced. For best results under heavy wild oat infestations, use the
incorporated treatments only.

134

Fortress (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Absorbed by wild oat shoots and foxtail roots, usually resulting in death before emergence.
Under dry conditions, some wild oats and foxtail may emerge before being killed.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Wild oats and foxtail die before they emerge. Weed control may be reduced under conditions of
prolonged, cool soil temperatures at the time of germination or extreme drought in spring.

Crops: Thinning in barley and wheat are known to occur under conditions of heavy rainfall and/or cold
weather after application and before crop emergence. In most cases, thinning is more than offset by tillering.
Some thinning may be noted on eroded knolls. Poor results may be expected if there is incomplete
incorporation due to wet, cloddy soil or heavy trash, very dry soil conditions in spring or prolonged cool soil
temperatures at time of germination. Ridges left by seeding may disrupt the treated layer and allow escapes.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Moisture is required for activation. Rainfall of at least 1.5 cm within 2 weeks of
application in the spring is required to ensure maximum performance.

12. Movement in Soil: Negligible.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

Succeeding crops: Under normal conditions. Fortress carryover will not harm crops grown in rotation. As
a precaution, domestic oats, sugar beets, creeping red fescue and small-seeded grasses such as timothy and
canary seed should not be grown in rotation following a Fortress-treated crop.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. May cause skin and
eye irritation.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: store in a dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Fortress is both a Group 3 and a Group 8 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Fortress and other Group 3 and 8 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Freedom Gold (thifensulfuron methyl +

quizalofop-p-ethyl)

Groups 1,2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Freedom (dry flowable): 75%; 320 g canister.

2. Assure II (emulsifiable concentrate): 96 g/L; 1 x 8 L.

3. 1 jug Sure-Mix (adjuvant): 1 x 8 L.

135

Herbicides

Freedom Gold (cont'd)

2. Registered Mixes: Lontrel (170 mL/ac).

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill tank with 1/2 - 3/4 amount of required water with agitator running.

2. Add the required amount of Freedom herbicide and ensure it is completely in suspension.

3. Add required amount of Assure II and continue agitating.

4. Add remainder of water, then add the Sure-Mix (adjuvant). Continuous agitation is required.

3. Crops: Registered on the following CLEARFIELD varieties: 45A71, 46A73, 46A74, 46A76.

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass
chickweed*
corn spurry
cow cockle
green foxtail
green smartweed

hemp-nettle

lady's-thumb (smartweed)
lamb's-quarters
redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
stinkweed

volunteer barley
volunteer corn
volunteer oats
volunteer rapeseed
(excluding CLEARFIELD canola)

* Apply when the chickweed is small (1-6 leaf) and actively growing.
** Wild buckwheat: 1 - 3 leaf stage.

volunteer wheat
wild buckwheat**
wild mustard
wild oats

5. Weeds Suppressed: Kochia, quackgrass.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: 3 - 6 leaf stage of CLEARFIELD canola. Application of 46A76 should not be made prior to the
full 4 leaf stage.

Weed stage: Annual grassy weeds: 2 leaf to early tillering stage. Best results on wild oats if application is
made prior to tillering.

Quackgrass: 2 - 6 leaf stage.

Broadleaf weeds: Less than 10 cm tall or across. May apply Assure II and Sure-Mix from the Freedom
Gold pack prior to the 3 leaf stage. Follow up with an application of Freedom Gold plus recommended non-
ionic surfactant at 2 L/ 1,000 L of water (1 L/lOO gal of water) once the canola has reached the full 3 leaf
stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Assure II 200 mL/ac -I- Freedom 8 g/ac 5 L of Sure-Mix per 1,000 litres of spray solution. Follow
mixing instructions above.

Water volume: Minimum of 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Do not use flood jet nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, clean sprayer thoroughly immediately after
spraying. When cleaning equipment, ammonia must be used to deactivate Freedom.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually inspect
the tank to ensure the removal of all visible residues of Freedom. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, then add more water and
ammonia to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for
15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, booms and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain
the tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean them separately in bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

136

Freedom Gold (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Under dry conditions, control may be reduced. Large plants may regrow after treatment.
When very high weed seedling population occurs, larger seedlings may interfere with coverage of smaller
seedlings, and control may be reduced. Regrowth may also occur if crop competitiveness is reduced by thin
stands and/or reduced vigour. Do not apply Freedom Gold to plants that have been stressed prior to
application by severe weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil, disease or insect
damage as crop injury may result. Do not apply if the above stress conditions are expected within 3 days
after application as crop injury may result.

! 9. How it Works: Assure II is a systemic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed and readily translocated from the

treated foliage to the root system and growing points of the plant. Freedom is absorbed by the foliage and
1 roots. It inhibits cell elongation.

1 0. Expected Results: Broadleaf weed growth stops almost immediately. Grassy weeds show a reduction in
growth and a loss of competitiveness. An early yellowing or browning of the younger plant tissues is
followed by a progressive collapse of the remaining foliage. These signs will generally be observed in

1 - 3 weeks, depending on the grass species treated and the environmental conditions. Poor results may be
expected with improper mixing, timing or coverage or when weeds are under stress including from drought
j or frost.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rainfall occurs soon after application, control may be reduced. Four to six hours of dry
weather are needed to allow Freedom Gold to be absorbed by weed foliage. Environmental conditions that

i slow the drying of Freedom Gold on the foliage, such as high relative humidity, cool air temperature or cloud
! cover, may increase the time required for absorption.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by finely textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral to acidic
I conditions. Product is relatively immobile in most agricultural soils.

! 13. Cropping Restrictions:

i Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields or harvest for forage or hay. Do not harvest within
1 64 days of treatment.

Minimum crop rotation guidelines: Wheat or barley can be replanted any time after application. Wait
30 days after application to plant any crop other than wheat or barley.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard

ii hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
I information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

I 16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, but not below 5°C.

i 17. Resistance Management: Freedom Gold is both a Group 1 and a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Freedom Gold and other Group 1 and 2 herbicides. The
I resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same

field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,

I such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
I followed (see page 38 - 42).

137

rbicides

FrOntliilO (florasulam + MCPA Ester)

Group 2,4

Manufacturer; OowAgroSciences Canada tnc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Frontline A: Florasulam 50 g/L SC 1.6 L jug. Frontline B: MCPA Ester 500 g/L EC 13.4 L Jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Barley, durum wheat, spring wheat: Assert 300 SC (670 mL/ac) + acidulate,
Puma^2° Super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass, green foxtail and wild oats).

Durum wheat, spring wheat: Everest, 70 DF solupak (17.4/ac) + non-ionic surfactant.

Horizon (95 mL/ac) -I- Score adjuvant.

3. Crops: Barley, oats, spring wheat (including durum).

4. Weeds Controlled:

ball mustard
chickweed (8.7)
cleavers (8.8)
common ragweed

5. Weeds Suppressed;

annual sow-thistle (8.1)

Canada thistle (6.4)

(top growth control)

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply to actively growing barley, oats or spring wheat. Apply when the majority of the crop is
past the 2 leaf stage and up to the 6 leaf stage. When tank mixing, always check the tank mix partner(s)
recommendations for crop staging restrictions.

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. With a sprayer that can apply 40 L/ac spray solution. Do not apply by air.
Rate: Frontline A (florasulam): 40 mL/ac, Frontline B (MCPA Ester); 335 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Use low pressures 200 to 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzles that deliver higher volumes and coarser droplets. Use 40 L/ac of spray solution.
Mixing instructions: Only use sprayers that have good agitation. Ensure the sprayer is properly cleaned
prior to adding Frontline.

1. Fill the sprayer tank 1/2 full with water.

2. Start the sprayer agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure.

3. Add Frontline A herbicide to the spray tank followed by Frontline B. Add the required tank mix partner
and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. Complete the filling of the spray tank.

Sprayer cleanup:

1. Immediately after application, drain the sprayer.

2. Rinse the inside of the tank with clean water and flush through the booms and hoses using at least 10% of
the spray tank volume and then drain spray tank completely.

3. Add 1 liter of household ammonia per 100 L of water while filling the tank with clean water. Agitate and
then briefly flush the boom and hoses with the cleaning solution. Top up the tank with water and allow it
to stand for 15 minuets with agitation. Flush boom and hoses, and drain the tank completely.

4. Remove nozzles and screens and clean separately with ammonia solution (100 mL/10 L water).

5. Rinse the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms using at least 10% of the spray tank volume
and then drain the tank.

flixweed

hemp-nettle (7.8)
lamb's-quarters (8.9)
redroot pigweed (8.4)

shepherd's-purse
smartweed (8.6)
stinkweed (8.9)

volunteer canola (8.9)
(all canola)
wild buckwheat (8.2)
wild mustard

dandelion (seedlings (6.6)
and overwintered rosettes
less than 15 cm)

perennial sow -thistle (7.5)
(top control only)
stork's-bill (8.0)

138

Frontline (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

16.

17.

Application Tips: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes. Apply Frontline early post-emergence, to
the main flush of broadleaf weeds. Warm moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed size
and competitive crop and good growing conditions after application will optimize the weed control.Weeds
hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed, and
regrowth may occur. For best results, ensure adequate spray coverage of the target weeds. Only weeds that
are emerged at time of application will be controlled. If the foliage of the weed is wet at the time of
application, control may be reduced.

How it Works: Frontline tank mix is readily absorbed by the weed foliage. The florasulam inhibits the ALS
enzyme in plants, resulting in a rapid halt in growth followed by yellowing and reddening of the foliage,
followed by the death of susceptible weeds. The MCPA portions of Frontline mimic naturally occurring plant
hormones and control the weeds by disrupting normal plant growth patterns.

Expected Results: Weeds susceptible to Frontline A will stop growing almost immediately. The weeds turn
yellow or reddish. Symptoms such as yellowing and red colouration may not be noticeable for 1 - 2 weeks.
Some twisting may also be observed on weeds sensitive to MCPA. Warm moist conditions, small weed size
and competitive crop will optimize weed control provided by Frontline.

Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage, and
a repeat treatment may be required. Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application.

Movement in Soil: Frontline A is not persistent in soil. Dissipation of florasulam occurs primarily through
microbial degradation. Field studies in a wide-variety of soils have shown the half-life of florasulam in soil to
range from 2-18 days. Florasulam degradation is not affected by soil type or by soil pH, but is moisture and
temperature-dependent. The herbicide is somewhat soluble in water, but is generally not mobile in soil
under typical prairie conditions. Frontline B (MCPA Ester) is readily leached from soil.

Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crop or cut for feed within 7 days of application.

Drift: Do not allow spray mist to drift since drift can cause damage to non-target crops and plants. Do not
apply when winds are gusty or in excess of 15 km/h. When spraying, avoid combinations of pressure and
nozzle type that will result in fine particles (mist), which are more likely to drift.

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Frontline herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, peas, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed crops other than those listed above for at least
one year after treatment. For more cropping and use information, contact your Dow AgroSciences Canada
Inc. representative.

Other restrictions: Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application.

Toxicity: Frontline A has extremely low acute toxicity. Acute LD^^ = >6,000 mg/kg. Frontline B has
moderate acute toxicity. Acute LD^^ of technical = 700 - 800 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear impervious gloves, coveralls and
chemical workers’ goggles during the mixing and handling of Frontline. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Wash contaminated clothes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes and leather articles.

Storage: Store away from food, feedstuff, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides, fungicides or other pesticides or
herbicides. Store in a dry, heated storage. If products are frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate
before use. Soak up small amounts of spill with absorbent clays.

Resistance Management: Frontline is both a Group 2 and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Frontline and other Group 2 and 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

139

\rbicides

sapiofqj

Frontline 2,4-D (florasulam + 2,4-D)

Group 2,4

Manufacturer; Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulation: Florasulam SC: 50 g/L, 1.6 L jug; 2,4-D Ester LV 600 (564 g/L); 2 x 8.0 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Durum wheat, spring wheat: Everest 70 DF solupak (17.4 g/ac) + non-ionic
surfactant.

3. C*’0ps: Durum wheat, spring wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled:

stork's-bill
tartary buckwheat
vetch

volunteer canola**
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild radish

* Seedlings will be controlled.

** All types of volunteer canola including herbicide tolerant.

annual sow-thistle

annual sunflower

ball mustard

bluebur

burdock

chickweed

cleavers

cocklebur
common ragweed
dandelion*
flixweed
kochia

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

plantain
prickly lettuce
redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse
smartweed
stinkweed

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Canada thistle* dandelion** hemp-nettle perennial sow-thistle*

* Top growth control only.

** Rosettes greater than 6" (15 cm) will be suppressed.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply to actively growing durum wheat or spring wheat. Apply when the majority of the crop
is in the late 3 leaf stage up to the 6 leaf stage. When tank mixing, always check the tank mix partner(s)
recommendations for crop staging restrictions.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. With a sprayer that can apply 40 L/ac of spray solution. Do not apply by air.
Rate: Florasulam SC: 40 mL/ac. 2,4-D Ester LV 600: 405 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Use low pressures 200 to 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzles that deliver higher volumes and coarser droplets.

Mixing instructions: Only use sprayers that have good agitation. Ensure the sprayer is properly cleaned
prior to adding Frontline 2,4-D.

1. Fill the sprayer tank 1/2 full with water.

2. Start the sprayer agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure.

3. Add Florasulam SC herbicide to the spray tank followed by 2,4-D herbicide. Complete the filling of the
spray tank.

Sprayer cleanup:

1. Immediately after application, drain the sprayer.

2. Rinse the inside of the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms and hoses using at least 10%
of the spray tank volume, and then drain spray tank completely.

140

Frontline 2,4-D (cont'd)

® 4. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately with ammonia solution (100 mL/10 L water).

B 5. Rinse the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms using at least 10% of the spray tank

IV volume, and then drain the tank.

I 8. Application Tips: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes. Apply Frontline 2,4-D early post-
m emergence to the main flush of broadleaf weeds. Warm moist conditions that promote active weed growth,
small weed size, competitive crop and good growing conditions after application optimize weed control.
Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed, and
re-growth may occur. For best results, ensure adequate spray coverage of the target weeds. Only weeds that
are emerged at time of application will be controlled. If the foliage of the weed is wet at the time of
! application, control may be reduced.

! 9. How it Works: Florasulam SC is taken up by leaves and stops growth of susceptible weeds rapidly via

' inhibition of the ALS enzyme. 2,4-D is a systemic, non-selective herbicide, which readily moves through the
I foliage and root system. It inhibits pigment, including chlorophyll, leading to plant death.

10. Expected Results: Florasulam A symptoms will initially appear in the upper regions of the plant. Newer
I leaves start to yellow and wilt, followed by a loss of green colour. Symptoms will spread to the rest of the
plant with some weeds showing purpling or reddening. Under ideal conditions, complete control may occur
within 7 - 10 days after application. Plants susceptible to 2,4-D will become malformed before they die.
i 11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rainfall is expected within 2 hours.

! 12. Movement in Soil: Florasulam sc is not persistent in soil. Field studies in a wide variety of soils have shown
j the half-life of Florasulam SC in soil to range from 2-18 days. Florasulam SC degradation is not affected by
j soil type or by soil pH, but is moisture and temperature dependent. Florasulam SC is somewhat soluble in

i water, but is generally not mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions. 2,4-D leaching does not pose a

problem.

1 1 13. Cropping Restrictions:

j i Drift: Do not allow spray mist to drift since drift can cause damage to non-target crops and plants. Do not
apply when winds are gusty or in excess of 15 km/h. When spra3dng, avoid combinations of pressure and
i nozzle type that will result in fine particles (mist), which are more likely to drift.

j Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Frontline 2,4-D herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following

! year to barley, canola, peas, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed crops other than those listed above for

I one year after treatment.

I Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated areas within 7 days of application. Do not harvest for livestock
feed until 30 days after treatment. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least 3 days before
' slaughter.

j 14. Toxicity: Florasulam SC has extremely low acute toxicity. Acute LD^^ = >6,000 mg/kg. 2,4-D has moderate
i acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 300 - 1,200 mg/kg. Some formulations may
I cause skin irritation. Some formulations are toxic to fish. May cause burns and can be absorbed through the
skin.

j 15. Precautions, First Aid: Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear impervious gloves, coveralls and
chemical workers’ goggles during the mixing and handling of Frontline 2,4-D. Wash thoroughly after
1 handling. Wash contaminated clothes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes and leather articles.

I If swallowed, seek medical attention.

‘ 16. Storage: Store away from food, feedstuff, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides and fungicides or other pesticides or
; i herbicides. Store in dry, heated storage. If products are frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before
use. Soak up small amounts of spill with absorbent clays.

17. Resistance Management: Frontline 2,4-D is both a Group 2 and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population
i may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Frontline 2,4-D and other Group 2 and 4 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,

, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38-42).

herbicides

rbicides

Fusion (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + fluazifop-p-butyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Component #1 (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl), emulsifiable concentrate, 80.5, g/L, 3.7 L jug;
Component #2 (fluazifop-p-butyl), emulsifiable concentrate, 125 g/L, 6.5 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes:

Canola and triazine tolerant canola: Lontrel (227 mL/ac), Muster (8-12 g/ac - no surfactant
required (Argentine varieties only).

Flax: Buctril M (400 mL/ac), MCPA Ester or Amine 500 (340 mL/ac).

3. Crops: Canola (triazine tolerant canola), flax (including low linolenic acid varieties), field peas, lentils,
mustard.

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, Persian darnel, volunteer barley, volunteer wheat,
wild oats.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Do not apply after the 5 leaf stage of canola. Do not apply later than the 6th node stage of
lentils.

Weed stage: Apply to young emerged, actively growing weeds. Weeds that emerge after application will
not be controlled.

Annual grassy weeds: 1 - 6 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Component #1 at 185 mL/ac and Component #2 at 325 mL/ac.

Caution: Both components of the Fusion tank mix must be applied at the recommended rate or a reduction
in grassy weed control may result.

Water volume: 22.5 - 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa or 310 kPa if using check valves.

Nozzles: The use of 80° or 110° flat fan nozzles is recommended for optimal spray coverage.

Mixing instructions:

1. Ensure the spray tank is thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the tank half full with clean water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. If a broadleaf herbicide is to be used with Fusion tank mix, add it first and agitate.

4. Slowly add the correct amount of Component #1 to the spray tank. Agitate thoroughly until
Component #1 is mixed completely.

5. Add the correct amount of Component #2 and continue agitation.

6. Triple rinse the emptied containers into the spray tank.

7. Add the remaining amount of water while agitation continues. Spray out immediately. Spray mixture
should not be left in tank overnight.

8. Thoroughly clean the spray tank after using Fusion tank mix and before using any other pesticide.

142

Fusion (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: A time interval of 4 days prior to application or 4 days after application of Fusion tank mix
is required before any other pesticide can be applied, unless registered as a tank mix. During periods of
stress, plants are not actively growing. When daytime temperatures before and after application are very hot,
combined with very dry conditions and low humidity, plants are under stress. Application of Fusion during
these periods may result in substantially reduced control. Application of the spray at a forward angle of 45°
will result in better penetration of the canopy and better coverage. Do not apply to crop stressed by severe
weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil, disease or insect damage as crop injury
may result.

9. How it Works: Contact as well as systemic, no soil activity. Regions of high meristematic activity such as
root and shoot tips are known to be affected.

1 0. Expected Results:

Grassy weeds: Reduction of leaf growth and chlorotic blotching within 1 - 3 days after application. Initial
development of leaf chlorosis within 5 - 8 days after application and death within 14-21 days after
application.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect 2 hours after application.

12. Movement in Soil: No soil movement. This product will not leach into the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields prior to harvest. Pre-harvest interval: Canola: 80 days,
Flax: 80 days. Lentils: 82 days. Field peas: 75 days. Mustard: 70 days.

14. Toxicity:

Component #1 (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) : Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 3,355 mg/kg. May cause eye irritation
and severe irritation of the skin.

Component #2 (fluazifop-p-butyl): Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,451 mg/kg.

Warning: Experimental feeding studies in rats have demonstrated that the active ingredient in
Component #2 can produce birth defects and other adverse effects in the developing fetus of rats. Women
capable of bearing children should be particularly careful when handling this product. Occupational
exposure to this product will be reduced by strict adherence to the handling precautions. Use directions
provided.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Causes eye and skin irritation. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure.
Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or
rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate
(see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29)
before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If inhaled, remove patient from site of exposure.
If swallowed, seek medical attention. If the tank mix spray solution. Component #1 or
Component #2 are swallowed, do not induce vomiting but rush patient to nearest hospital taking label
“Directions for Use” or the labelled container with you.

16. Storage: Keep away from fire, open flame or other heat sources. Do not store below freezing. If stored for
1 year or longer, shake well before using. Keep in original container during storage.

17. Resistance Management: Fusion is a Group l herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Fusion and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

143

Herbicides

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/

Credit/Factor (glyphosate)

Group 9

Manufacturer. Chemmovat/Oow AgroSctencesyiSluf arm Canada/tnterprovincial Co-operatives

CAUTION IRRITANT

1. Formulations:

Glyfos: 360 g/L acid equivalent present as isopropylamine salt, 10 L, 115 L, 450 L, 1,000 L containers.
Maverick: 356 g/L acid equivalent present as isopropylamine salt, 10 L, 115 L, 450 L containers.
Renegade, Credit: 356 g/L acid equivalent present as isopropylamine salt, 10 L, 115 L,

750 L containers.

Factor: 356 g/L acid equivalent present as isopropylamine salt, 10 L, 115 L.

2. Registered Mixes:

Minimum tillage systems: Pardner + non-ionic surfactant, only for applications prior to planting barley,
oats, wheat.

Chemical fallow use only: 2,4-D Amine (or Banvel or Pardner) -I- non-ionic surfactant.

Non-ionic surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90, Companion, LI 700. Mixing with other pesticides: Not
recommended.

3. Crops: Prior to planting (all crops): Barley, canola, fall stubble treatment, flax (preharvest, including linola),
lentils, non-crop areas, minimum or zero till cropping systems, pasture renovation, peas, soybeans,

spot treatment (in-crop), summerfallow, wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Annuals

annual bluegrass (9.0)

flixweed

Persian darnel

volunteer barley

annual sow-thistle

green foxtail (7.9)

prickly lettuce

volunteer canola

barnyard grass

green smartweed

redroot pigweed

volunteer corn

Canada fleabane

hemp-nettle

round-leaved mallow

volunteer flax

chickweed

kochia

Russian thistle

volunteer mustard

common ragweed

lady's-thumb

shepherd's-purse

volunteer wheat

corn spurry

lamb's-quarters

smooth pigweed

wild mustard

crabgrass

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard stinkweed

wild oats

dodder

downy brome

Perennials

narrow-leaved vetch
night flowering catchfly

stork's-bill

wild tomato

alfalfa

curled dock

Japanese knotweed

quackgrass

Canada bluegrass (9.0)

field bindweed (7.2)

Kentucky bluegrass (9.0)

smooth bromegrass

Canada thistle (7.8)

foxtail barley

perennial sow-thistle

toadflax

cattail

hemp dogbane

poison ivy

wormwood

common milkweed hoary cress purple loosestrife

cottontop

Brush

alder cherry maple raspberry snowberry

birch Douglas fir pine rhododendron willow

cedar hemlock poplar sheep laurel withrod

Weeds Suppressed: Some weeds suppressed at lower rates.

yellow nutsedge

144

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Annual weeds: Grassy and broadleaf weeds that are actively growing (see annual weed control chart for
details). Dodder: spot treatment in sugar beets.

Perennial weeds:

Canada thistle (bud stage): At or beyond bud stage of growth.

Canada thistle (fall rosette): 15 cm in diameter and at least 5 weeks of growth. Majority of plants in a
rosette stage.

Dandelion: Prior to seeding and post harvest.

Field bindweed: At or beyond full bloom and actively growing.

Milkweed: Bud to full bloom stage of growth.

Note: Reduced results may occur on plants treated after full bloom.

Quackgrass (spring, summerfallow, fall stubble): At least 20 cm high (3 - 4 leaf stage of growth)
and actively growing.

Quackgrass (fall-tilled ground): Delay application in the spring until majority of quackgrass has
4 - 5 leaves. This stage usually occurs 1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled ground than on undisturbed ground.
Other perennials: Mostly in head and early bud stage.

Brush: Actively growing brush from June through August.

7. How to Apply: Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks, as a combustible gas may
be formed.

with: Ground equipment only: boom equipment, handgun, high volume equipment, wipers.

Rate:

Annual Weed Control

Rato (par ac)

Growth stago

Weeds controlied

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 L/ac water)

305 mL

Weeds up to
8 cm In height

Green foxtail, lady's-thumb,
stinkweed, volunteer barley,
volunteer canola, volunteer wheat,
wild mustard, wild oats.

For wild oats, apply at 1 - 3 leaf stage.

Add 1 50 mL of a surfactant registered for use
such as Agrai 90, Ag-Surf and Companion.

For heavy wild oat infestations, use 405 mL/ac

405 mL

Weeds 8 cm to
15 cm in height

For annual grasses listed above
plus foxtail barley’"* (suppression

All other broadleaf weeds listed
above plus flixweed** and
kochia**.

Add 1 45 mL of surfactant registered for use as
listed above.

Apply before initiation or senescence.

** Suppression only.

505 - 770 mL

Weeds up to
1 5 cm in height

Alt annual grasses listed above
plus downy brome, giant foxtail,
Persian darnel.

All annual broadleaf weeds listed
above plus Canada fleabane,
common ragweed*, flixweed,
hemp-nettle, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
volunteer flax, wild buckwheat**.

No additional surfactant is required.

* Do not use these rates on plants greater
than 8 cm in height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use 770 ml/ac rate.
*** For weeds 8 - 15 cm in height, use
770 ml/ac rate.

(continued)

145

Herbicides

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control (continued}
Rate (per ac) Growth stage

910 mL

1.4 L

Weeds up to
1 5 cm in height

Weeds over
15 cm in height

Weeds controlled

All annual grasses listed above,
plus annual blue grass, crab grass.
All broadleaf weeds listed above
plus annual sow-thistle, kochia,
narrow-leaved vetch, prickly lettuce,
shepherd' s-purse.

All annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds listed above.

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 l/ac water)

For additional broadleaf weed control option,
refer to tank mix table.

Perenniat Weed Control

Weed

Growth stage

Rate (l/ac)

Water volttme (t/ac)

Comments

Canada thistle

Rosette stage
(summer fallow)

20-40

Allow 1 0 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Bud stage or
beyond

1.9 -2.8

40-120

Allow 5 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Common

milkweed

Bud to full bloom

4.9

40-120

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Reduced control may occur after full

Milkweed may not be present in a
correct stage, therefore, repeat
treatment may be required.

Field bindweed

Full bloom or
beyond

40-120

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Foxtail barley

Seedling to
heading

1-2

20 - 40

Allow a minimum of 1 day after
treatment before tillage or seeding.
Use higher rate for larger, more
established plants, heavy infestations
or if plants are stressed.

Qoackgrass

(control, light
to moderate
infestations)

3 - 4 green
leaves or more

20-120

Allow 3 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

For higher water volumes
(i.e. 60 - 120 l/ac), an approved

surfactant must be added at

0.5 litres per 100 litres of clean water

(0.5% v/v).

(continued)

146

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

Peramiial Waad Confrot {cominued}

Growth stage

3 - 4 green
(eaves or more

ImM

Quackgrass

(long-term
control, heavy
infestations,
high water
volumes)

Toadflax

Application

Rate (l/ac) Water volume (l/ac)

1 - 2.8 20 - 120

Vegetative stage 1
(summer fallow)

20 - 40

Comments

Allow 3 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Rates higher than 1 lyac will provide
more consistent long-term control,
especially with heavier infestations
and/or higher water volumes
(i.e. 60- 120 l/ac).

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Glyfos,
Maverick,
Renegade,
Credit,
Factor +
Banvel

Glyfos,
Maverick,
Renegade.
Credit,
Factor -i-
Pardner

Glyfos,

Maverick,

Rato (ml/acl

300 -f- 120

300 - 400 -r-
500

300 - 400 +
485

Credit, Factor +
2,4-D Amine or
LV Ester (adjust
rate If different
formulation is
used)

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 l/ac water and
cotttfotied add 145 mt/ac of surfactant)

Cow cockle, flixweed*,
green foxtail, kochia,
lady’s-thumb, lamfa's-quarters,
redroot pigweed**,

Russian thistle, stinkweed,
volunteer canola (rapeseed),
volunteer cereals,
wild buckwheat**, wild mustard,
wild oats.

Green foxtail, kochia**,
lady's-thumb, redroot pigweed**,
stinkweed, volunteer canola
(rapeseed), volunteer cereals,
wild buckwheat*, wild mustard,
wild oats*.

Flixweed, green foxtail*, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
stinkweed, volunteer canola
(rapeseed), volunteer cereals,
wild mustard, wild oats*.

This tank mixture is registered for summer-
fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall and
actively growing for best results.

Use higher rate if weeds are beyond 8 cm tall.

* Glyfos, Renegade, Factor Is applied at
405 ml/ac.

** Suppression only. See other tank mixtures
for control option.

This tank mixture is registered for summer-
fallow use only and prior to wheat, oats and
barley in minimum tillage systems.

Weeds should be at least 15 cm tall and
actively growing for best results.

Use higher rate If weeds are beyond 8 cm in
height.

* Use Glyfos, Renegade, Factor at 400 ml/ac
rate only for wild buclo/vheat control.

** 400 mL suppression only. See other tank
mixtures for control option.

This tank mixture is registered for summer-
fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 1 5 cm tall and
actively growing for best results.

Use higher rate if wee^ are beyond 8 cm In
height.

* Use Glyfos, Renegade, Factor at 400 ml/ac
for wild oats and green foxtail control.

** Suppression only. See other tank mixtures
for control option.

147

Herbicides

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control with Glyphoeate Tank Mixtures (summer fallow and minimum tillage systems)

Rate (l/ac)

0.5 - 0.77
Glyfos, Maverick,
Renegade, Credit, factor +
0.2-0.28’

MCPA’

Weeds controlted

Canada fleabane, common ragweed*,
downy brome, flixweed, gaint foxtail,
green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,

Persian darnel, redroot pigweed,

Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer
canola (rapeseed) (non-Roundup Ready),
volunteer flax, volunteer cereals,
wild buckwheat**, wild mustard,
wild mustard.

Bluebur^, burdock (before 4 leaf stage),
false flax^ flixweed, lamb's-quarters^
mustard^ (except dog & tansy),
prickly lettuce^ ragweed®, redroot pigweed®,
Russian pigweed®, shepherd's-purse®,
stinkweed®, vetch®, wild radish®,
wild sunflower®.

’ 500 9^1 formulation, if another formulation is used, adjust rate accordingly

0.5-0.77
Glyfos, Maverick,
Renegade, Credit, Factor +
0.2 - 0.4®

MCPA’

0.5-0.77
Glyfos, Maverick,
Renegade, Credit, Factor
0.2 -0.4’

BuctrilM

Canada fleabane, common ragweed*,
downy brome, flixweed, giant foxtail,
green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,

Persian darnel, redroot pigweed,

Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer
canola (rapeseed) (non-Roundup Ready),
volunteer cereals, volunteer flax,
volunteer Roundup Ready Canola
(1 - 4 loaf stage)®'®, wild buckwheat**,
wild mustard, wild oats.

Seedlings up to the 4 leaf stage®:
American nightshade, ball mustard,
bluebur, cow cockle, flixweed,
green smailweed, kochia®, lady's-thumb,
night-flowering catchfly, pale smartweed,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle®,
scentless chamomile®, shepherd's-purse.
Seedlings up to 8 leaf stage: Wild tomato.
Seedlings up to 8 leaf stage: Common
buckwheat, common groundsel, common
ragweed, lamb's-quarters, stinkweed,
tartary buckwheat, wild buckwheat,
wild mustard, wormseed mustard.
Perennials (top growth)®; Canada thistle,
perennial sow-thistle.

Comments

(apply in 50 - 100 tyac water)

Use this tank mix prior to seeding in

wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn (field b

sweet), flax, and field peas.

No surfactant required.

* Do not use these rates on plants
greater than 8 cm in height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use 0.77 L/ac
rate.

*** For weeds 8 cm to 15 cm in height,
use 1 .9 L/ac rate.

’ MCPA amine at 0.2 - 0.28 L/ac
(101 - 141 g ai/ac) prior to peas.

® MCPA at 0.2 - 0.4 L/ac
(101 - 202 g al/ac) prior to wheat,
barley, oats, corn (field h sweet),
rye and flax.

® MCPA at 0.28 - 0.4 l/ac
(141 - 202 g ai/ac) only.

Use this tank mix prior to seeding In
wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, flax,
canary seed and seedling grasses
(for complete listing of grasses,
refer to label).

No surfactant required.

* Do not use these rates on plants
greater than 8 cm in height
** For 3 - 4 leaf stage use 0.77 L/ac
rate.

*** For weeds 8 cm to 15 cm in height
use 0.77 l/ac rate.

’ Buctril M at 0.2 - 0.4 l/ac
(1 13 - 226 g ai/ac) for all crops listed.

® Buctril M at 0.4 l/ac (226 g ai/ac only).
® Spray before plants are 5 cm high.

® Spring annuals only. 5 Spray before
plants are 8 cm high.

148

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

Preplant or preseed application in direct seeding systems (all crops): 500 - 750 mL/ac on
annual weeds up to 15 cm in height. Apply prior to seeding or after seeding but before crop emergence for
control of emerged weeds in direct seeding systems. Ensure weeds are at the desired stage at time of
application. This product does not provide pre-emergent weed control, and newly germinating weeds may
be a problem in the crop.

Water volume: Handgun, high volume (coarse sprays only): 80 - 120 L/ac. Boom: 40 - 120 L/ac. Chemical
fallow, reduced rates: 20 - 40 L/ac. Always use clean water, free of sediments.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles for volumes 20 - 40 L/ac: flood jet type or flat fan for volumes above 40 L/ac.

8. Application Tips: Tillage or mowing prior to application will reduce effectiveness on perennial weeds.
Minimum (days) to wait before tillage after application: annual weeds (3); spring and fall quackgrass (3);
Canada thistle bud stage (5), fall rosette stage (7-10); field bindweed, milkweed, other perennials (7).
Before commencing tillage, allow at least 3 full days (72 hours) after application for quackgrass control and
5 - 7 days after application for thistles if applied other than at early bud stage.

Quackgrass control:

Spring and fall treatments in annual and forage cropping systems: Apply to actively growing
quackgrass. Reduced control may result if rhizomes become dormant. This may occur when soil fertility is
poor or land has not been tilled for several years.

Application on forages should be followed by tillage and should be made when good growing conditions
exist.

Fall treatments should be applied 3 - 4 weeks after swathing to actively growing quackgrass. Quackgrass can
be treated after mild frost provided there are 3 - 4 green leaves actively growing at the time of application.
Do not apply after first damaging frost in the fall. Frost of -5°C is usually tolerated by new shoots. Frost
damage is evident by the drying of new shoots shortly after frost.

Allow 3 or more days after application before tillage.

For best results on fall till ground, delay application in the spring until majority of quackgrass has
4 - 5 leaves. This stage usually occurs 1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled ground than on undisturbed ground.
Canada thistle (fall rosette): Conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform last tillage operation
between July 15 and August 1. Allow thistles to regrow for a minimum of 5 weeks until they are 15 cm in
diameter and majority of them are in a rosette stage.

9. How it Works: A non-selective, systemic herbicide that moves from the foliage into the roots and kills the
entire plant.

1 0. Expected Results: wilting and yellowing of annuals occurs within 2 - 4 days; perennials require

7-10 days. Complete browning of above ground growth and deterioration of roots occurs. Cool or cloudy
weather may slow activity.

12. Movement in Soil: The amount of glyphosate leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest treated areas until plants have turned brown and started to
deteriorate.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 4,320 mg/kg. Eye irritant. Non-toxic
to bees, birds and fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

149

^rbicides

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

1 6. Storage: Heated storage not required.

17. Resistance Management: Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor is a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor
and other Group 9 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides
are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but
specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-
management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Roundup Ready Canola (Glyfos and Factor only)

Crop: Canola with Roundup Ready Gene. Note: Always use pedigreed (i.e. certified) canola seed. Canola,
which is not designated as glyphosate tolerant, will be damaged or destroyed by this treatment.

Weed controlled, growth stage and rate:

Product rate

0.33 - 0.50 L/ac

0.5 lys

Repeat application at 0.5 L/ac
0.75 tyac

Weeds controlled

Annual weeds: Barnyard grass, chickweed, cleavers, corn spurry, cow cockle,
flixweed, green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia, lady’s-thumb, lamb's-quarter,
narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, night-flowering catchfly, redroot pigweed,
round-leaved mallow, Russian thistle, shepherrfs-purse, smartweed, stinkweed,
stork' s-bill, volunteer barley, volunteer canola (except Roundup Ready varieties),
volunteer wheat, wild buckwheat, wild mustard, wild oats, wild tomato.

Cleavers, cow cockle, flixweed, narrow-leaved hawk's-beard, night-flowering
catchfly, shepherd's-purse, smartweed, stork' s-bill, wild buckwheat.

Perennial weed suppression: Canada thistle, dandelions, perennial sow-thistle,
quackgrass (season-long control).

Perennial weed season-long: Foxtail barley, round-leaved mallow.

Perennials (season-long control): Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle.

Roundup Ready Corn (Glyfos and Factor only)

Crop: Corn with the Roundup Ready gene. Note - Always use glyphosate tolerant pedigreed (i.e. certified)
corn seed. Corn that is not designated as glyphosate tolerant will be damaged or destroyed by this treatment.

Weed controlled, growth stage and rates:

Product rate Weeds controlled

1 .0 L/ac Annual weeds: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, wild oats.

Annual broadleaf: Chickweed, cleavers, corn spurry, cow cockle, flixweed, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarter, narrow-leaved hawk's-beard, night-flowering catchfly,
redroot pigweed, round-leaved mallow*, Russian thistle, shepherd's-purse, smartweed, stinkweed,
stork's-bill, volunteer canola (except Roundup Ready varieties), wild buckwheat, wild mustard,

Perennials: Canada thistle**, dandelion, perennial sow-thistle**, quackgrass
* For control of round-leaved mallow, use two applications of 1.0 L/ac.

** A second (sequential) application of 1.0 L/ac will improve control in heavy weed infestations.

Application tips: A second application may be used for late emerging weed flushes after initial
application. This second application must be made no later than the 8 leaf stage of the corn. Weeds will be
more easily controlled, and early crop competition may be avoided with applications made when weeds are
small. Control of weeds greater than 25 cm in height will be inconsistent, although some weeds may be
controlled.

150

Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor (cont'd)

Rate: 1.0 L/ac. No additional surfactant is required.

With: Ground application only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 40 - 90 L/ac.

Crop stage: Up to and including 8 leaf stage.

Grazing and cropping restrictions: All portions of the treated crop may be fed to livestock.

Preharvest: Glyfos/Maverick/Renegade/Credit/Factor

Application may be made prior to harvest for the control of quackgrass, Canada thistle, common milkweed,
toadflax, dandelion, season-long control of perennial sow-thistle.

Crop: Wheat, barley (including malting barley), canola (rapeseed), dry beans, flax, lentils, peas and
soyabean.

Rate: 1 L/ac. Do not apply to crop grown for seed.

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Crop timing: Apply when average seed moisture content is at or below 30%. Accurate measurement of
seed moisture content must be made before application. This stage typically occurs 7 - 14 days before
harvest. For forage crops, apply at 1 - 2 L/ac 3 - 7 days prior to the last cut before rotation or forage
renovation. Consult the table below for visual indicator of this stage in each crop.

Guidelines for Timing of Pre-harvest Applications

Crops

Per cent seed moisture

Visual symptoms

Barley, wheat

Less than 30

Hard dough stage, a thumb impression remains on the seed

Canola

Less than 30

Pods are yellow to green and most seeds are yellow to brown

Dry beans

Less than 30

Stems are green to brown; pods are mature (yellow to
brown); 80 - 90% leaf drop (original leaves)

Flax (including linola) ,

Less than 30

i Majority (75 - 80%) of pods are brown

Forages

Not applicable

! Normal stage for forage harvesting

Lentils

Less than 30

Lowermost pods (bottom 1 5%) ere brown and seeds rattle

Peas

Less than 30

; Majority 75% - 80% of pods are brown

Soybean

Less than 30

i Stems are green to brown; pod tissue is brown and dry in
appearance (80 - 90% leaf drop)

Weeds controlled: Quackgrass, Canada thistle, common milkweed, toadflax, dandelion, perennial sow-
thistle (season-long) and most of the annual weeds.

Weed stage: For best weed control results, apply when quackgrass is actively growing and at least
4 - 5 green leaves. Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle should be actively growing and at or beyond the
bud stage for best results.

Application tip: This treatment may also provide harvest management benefits by drying down crop and
vegetative crop growth and late tillering that may interfere with harvest operations. Apply only during the
period 7-14 days (or 3 - 7 days for forage applications) before harvest to ensure best weed control and to
maximize harvest-aid benefits. Earlier application may reduce crop yield and/or quality and may lead to
excess glyphosate residues in the crop. Extremely cool, wet and/or cloudy weather between time of
application and the anticipated harvest date may slow down activity of this product, thereby delaying crop
dry down and harvest date.

Caution: Do not apply to any crops if grown for seed.

Consult malt buyers before using preharvest on malt barley. All portions of the treated crops may be fed
to livestock.

151

rbicides

Herbicides

Gramoxone (paraquat)

Group 22

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada tnc,

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Solution; 200 g/L; 1, 4 x 5 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: Lexone, Lorox, Patoran, Sencor and 2,4-D.

Chemical mowing of non-crop areas: May be tank mixed with certain soil sterilants where immediate
top kill and long-term sterilization are required.

3. Crops: Asparagus, non-crop areas, potatoes, shelterbelts, stale seedbed (field crops, vegetables), sugar beets.

4. Weeds Controlled: All top growth. Generally kills annuals in 1 application. Repeat applications may be
needed on perennials.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Most perennial weeds.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Prior to crop emergence but soon after weeds emerge.

Potatoes: Apply up to ground crack (potatoe tops about to emerge) only for Netted Gem and Cherokee.
Other varieties apply up until the first potato tops are 5 - 8 cm. Do not apply to emerged potato foliage in the
evening, or to early potatoes when potatoes are under moisture stress due to extremely dry soil conditions.
Stale seedbed: Apply up to 3 days before crop emergence and no later.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not use mist blowers.

Rate:

Chemical mowing: 1.1 L in 220 - 445 L/ac of water.

Non-crop areas: 2.2 - 4.5 L in 220 - 445 L/ac of water.

Potatoes: Quackgrass, annual grasses and broadleaf weeds: 1 - 1.75 L in 120 - 220 L/ac of water; emerged
seedlings thereof: only 610 mL in 120 - 220 L/ac of water. Note: Application to exposed or emerged potato
foliage will cause temporary injury and chlorosis. Use of poor or diseased seed and cut seed with 1 eye will
make potatoes more susceptible to injury by post-emergence sprays. Will not control weeds that germinate
after treatment.

Shelterbelts: 2.2 L in 445 L of water/ac or 75 mL in 10 L of water/ 100 m^. 550 mL of this mixture will
treat an area 1.75 min diameter around a tree. Keep chemical off the tree foliage.

Stale seedbed technique (vegetables, field crops): Beans (all types), beets, carrots, cole crops, corn,
cucumbers, onions, peas, potatoes, soybeans, turnips. Prepare a seedbed at least 2 - 4 weeks before seeding
to stimulate weed growth. Seed with minimum soil disturbance. Burn-off of emerged
weeds: 1.1 - 2.2 L in 120 - 445 L of water/ac before or after seeding. Weeds above 5 cm tall: 2.2 L/ac.

Water volume: 120 - 445 L/ac. Thoroughly wet all foliage. For dense weed growth, use the greater volume
of water.

Pressure: 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Incorporation: Not applicable.

8. Application Tips: Use only clean water to avoid reduction in effectiveness. Use high volume, low pressure
type spraying equipment to thoroughly cover foliage. Special equipment is necessary to shield some row
crops from spray. Applications on cloudy days or just prior to or during periods of darkness will generally
increase the treatment effectiveness. Wash equipment thoroughly after spraying - use a wetting agent (Agral
90 at 60 mL/100 L of water), flush and spray out, then thoroughly rinse with clean water. Fill with clean
water and leave overnight, then spray out.

152

Gramoxone (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Gramoxone is a contact type herbicide; therefore, good spray coverage is essential. It is
absorbed by all leaf and stem surfaces and is non-systemic. It interferes with photosynthesis.

10. Expected Results; Provides immediate, fast and virtually complete annual weed kill from 1 application.
Repeat applications may be necessary for perennial weeds. Yellowing occurs within a few hours and
desiccation of the plant continues rapidly until death.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rain prior to spray solution drying on plant or muddy water will reduce effectiveness of
the chemical. Once spray solution has dried on plant tissue, rain will not reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Binds to the soil and becomes biologically unavailable. No residual effect.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restriction.

Drift: Prevent drift onto crops, ornamentals, lawns, grazing areas or other desirable areas.

Grazing restrictions: Not applicable.

Crop use after hail: No restriction.

14. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^q (rats) = paraquat ion 120 - 150 mg/kg. Symptoms
of acute poisoning may occur. Intake can cause heart, liver and kidney damage and can be fatal. It can be
absorbed through the skin.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Keep out of reach of children and animals. Protect yourself by reducing skin
and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves arid
neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the
pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and
Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage preferred. Will crystallize if frozen. Never transfer to other containers.

1 7. Resistance Management: Gramoxone is a Group 22 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Gramoxone and other Group 22 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

Gramoxone PDG (paraquat -I- diquat)

Group 22

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada tnc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; paraquat 132 g/L diquat 66 g/L; 10 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley, canaryseed, canola, corn, dry common beans, field peas, flax (including low linolenic acid
varieties), lentils, mustard, oats, potatoes, rye, soybeans, sunflowers, triticale, wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled: Annual grass and broadleaf weed seedlings.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Perennial grass and broadleaf weeds, winter annual weeds.

6. When Used: Apply before seeding or after seeding, but prior to crop emergence, to control emerged weeds
in conventional and minimum tillage production systems and when using stale seedbed production
techniques.

153

Herbicides

rbicides

Gramoxone PDQ (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply through mist blowers. Do not apply by aircraft.

Rate:

For control of annual grass and broadleaf weed seedlings: 0.8 - 1.6 L/ac.

Minimum 1.2 L/ac for control of winter annual weeds or when weed growth is dense and weeds are greater
than 10 cm in height, (also increase volume of water).

Water volume: Apply in at least 40 L/ac. Thoroughly wet all foliage. For dense weed growth, use higher
volume of water.

8. Application Tips: Use clean water for spraying. Muddy water will reduce effectiveness. Dust disturbed by
equipment tires or on plant leaves will reduce effectiveness. Applications made on cloudy days, during dull
sunlight or just prior to or during periods of darkness will generally increase effectiveness. Avoid application
or drift onto crops, ornamental plants, lawns, grazing areas or other desirable growth. Not to be used as a
desiccant.

9. How it Works: Gramoxone PDQ is a contact type herbicide; therefore, thorough spray coverage is essential.
Absorbed by all leaf and stem surfaces, non systemic. Interferes with photosynthesis.

1 0. Expected Results: Fast and complete top kill of all annual weeds. Yellowing starts within a few hours of
applications. No systemic activity therefore will only control the top growth of perennial plants.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rain falling shortly after application normally will not reduce the effectiveness of the
treatment.

12. Movement in Soil: inactivated on contact with the soil, therefore has no residual effect.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest crops within 30 days of treatment.

14. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 661 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Wear long-sleeve chemical resistant gloves, goggles or a face shield, a long-sleeve
shirt and long pants and chemical resistant apron when handling the concentrate. Avoid contact with spray
solution. Do not re-enter treated areas within 24 hours.

If in eyes, flush with clean water for 15 minutes and get medical attention even if no irritation arises.

Call a physician or contact a Poison Control Centre. If on skin, wash thoroughly with water. Remove
contaminated clothing immediately. Wash separately from household laundry before reuse. If irritation
develops, contact a physician or contact a Poison Control Centre. If swallowed, induce vomiting if not
already occurring. Get to nearest hospital fast. This is essential. If delay unavoidable, administer
fluids and induce further vomiting. Contact a Poison Control Centre.

16. Storage: Do not freeze. If crystallization occurs because of storage below 0°C, warm to room temperature
and agitate until reconstituted.

17. Resistance Management: Gramoxone PDQ is a Group 22 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Gramoxone PDQ and other Group 22 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

154

GrflZOH (picloram + 2,4-0} Iml

Group 4

Manufacturer; OowAgroSciences Canada Inc.

1. Formulation: Emulsifiable concentrate; 65 g picloram + 240g 2,4-D Amine/L; 10 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Permanent grass pastures and rangeland.

4. Weeds Controlled: 1.5 L/ac: Canada thistle, common yarrow, dandelion. 2.8 L/ac: Burdock, Canada thistle,
common ragweed, common yarrow, fleabane, goldenrod, plantain, prickly lettuce, red clover, sweet clover,
vetch, wild carrot.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply in spring or early summer.

Weed stage: After weeds have fully emerged and when weeds are growing rapidly.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment or by air using a drift control system or agent.

Rate: 1.5 - 2.8 L/ac.

Water volume: 60 - 80 L/ac.

Nozzles: Apply with nozzles that produce coarse uniform droplets.

Pressure: Use pressures within nozzle manufactures recommended range.

8. Application Tips: Apply in spring or early summer after weeds have fully emerged and when weeds are
growing rapidly. Ensure that there is adequate coverage of target weeds. Broadleaf crops are extremely
sensitive to Grazon, and care should be taken to prevent drift onto sensitive crops. Do not contaminate water
used for irrigation or domestic purposes. Do not apply on soils that are very permeable (sandy loam to sand)
through the entire profile and that have an underlying shallow aquifer.

9. How it Works: Interferes with cell division, causing leaf cupping, stem distortion and eventual death of
plant. Grazon is absorbed through leaves and roots.

1 0. Expected Results: Perennial weeds show distorted stems and cupped leaves, which turn yellow and then
brown. Usually native grass increases in abundance as a result of reduced competition. Poor results may be
expected if weeds are not actively growing in late summer or due to drought or frost.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage,
resulting in reduced weed control. Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application.

12. Movement in Soil: Picloram, one of the components of Grazon, is very soluble in water and moves with
water in coarsely textured soils.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Legumes may not be established in a pasture for several years after a Grazon
treatment. If legumes are essential in a pasture, do not use Grazon. Do not break up treated pasture and
plant to sensitive broadleaf crops for at least 5 years after application of Grazon. Do not graze lactating dairy
animals in treated area within 7 days after treatment. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields 3 days
prior to slaughter. Do not harvest forage or cut hay within 30 days after application. Do not move cut forage
or manure from treated areas to areas that may be seeded to a sensitive corp.

1 4. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^, (rats) = 2,598 mg/kg.

155

Herbicidei

Grazon (cont'd)

If in eyes, flush with flowing water immediately and continuously for 15 minutes. Get medical attention or
contact a Poison Control Centre. If on skin, wash off with plenty of soap and water. Get medical attention
or contact a Poison Control Centre if irritation persists. If swallowed, call a physician or contact a Poison
Control Centre. Take container, label or product name and Pest Control Product Registration number with
you and seek medical attention. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by qualified medical personnel.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Do not freeze. If freezing occurs, bring to room temperature and mix
thoroughly.

1 7. Resistance Management: Grazon is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Grazon and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Harmony Total (clodinafop-propargyl +

thifensulfuron methyl + tribenuron methyl)

Group 1,2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada tnc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Refine Extra (Dry flowable): 50% thifensulfuron methyl, 25% tribenuron methyl; Toss-N-Go 320 grams,
(4 X 80 grams) water soluble pouches.

2. Horizon emulsifiable concentrate: 240 g/L; 1 x 3.7 L -I- 2 x 6.4 L Score.

Registered Mixes: MCPA Ester (250 - 340 mL/ac).

Crops: All t5q)es of durum wheat and spring wheat.

Weeds Controlled:

chickweed (8.5)
common groundsel
corn spurry (8.8)
cow cockle (8.7)
green foxtail
green smartweed

hemp-nettle (8.4)
kochia (7.8)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.6)
narrow-leaved
hawk's-beard

redroot pigweed (8.4)
Russian thistle (7.9)
shepherd's-purse (8.2)
stinkweed (8.6)
tartary buckwheat (8.3)

volunteer rapeseed (8.6)
(excluding CLEARFIELD)
wild buckwheat (7.7)
wild mustard (8.6)
wild oats

Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (7.1), cleavers (6.7), round-leaved mallow (6.4),

scentless chamomile (6.9), sow-thistle, stork’-bill (6.7), toadflax (less then 15 cm tall) (7,1).

6. When Used:

Crop stage; Apply post-emergence to crop from 2 leaf to before emergence of the 4th tiller.

Weed stage: Green foxtail: 1 - 5 true leaves on the main stem, prior to emergence of 3rd tiller, while
actively growing. Wild oats: 1 - 6 true leaves on the main stem and prior to emergence of the 4th tiller.
Broadleaf weeds: Apply to young, actively growing broadleaf weeds before the canopy closes. Weeds
emerging after treatment may not be controlled. Annual smart weed, green smart weed, lady’s thumb, ball
mustard, corn spurry, cow cockle, flix weed, hemp-nettle, common groundsel, kochia, lamb’s quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk’s beard, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, shepherd’s purse, stinkweed, tartary
buckwheat, volunteer canola, wild mustard: less than 10 cm tall or across. Chickweed: 1 - 6 leaf stage.
Cleavers: 1 - 3 whorl stage. Wild buckwheat: cotyledons to 3 leaf stage.

156

Harmony Total (cont'd)

Canada thistle, sow-thistle: Apply when the majority of the thistles have emerged and are actively
growing. For best top growth control, apply when thistles are larger than 15 cm tall before bud stage and
before crop canopy prevents thorough coverage of the thistles. Round-leaved mallow: 2 - 6 leaf stage
(10 - 12 cm in height). Toadflax: less than 15 cm in height. A control program for this weed includes both
frequent tillage and chemical application.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Horizon: 95 mL/ac, Refine Extra: 8 g/ac. Score 0.8% v/v of spray solution.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger. Use only metal or nylon filters.

Mixing instructions:

1. To clean spray tank, fill 1/4 to 1/3 with clean water. Start agitation or bypass system.

2. Add Refine Extra first to the spray tank and agitate for 2 - 3 minutes.

3. Add required amount of Horizon.

4. Agitate for 2 - 3 minutes.

5. Add required amount of Score Adjuvant.

6. Agitate for 1 - 2 minutes before adding remainder of water.

7. After any break in spraying operations, agitate thoroughly before spraying again.

8. Use the spray suspension as soon it is prepared.

9. If an oil film starts to build-up in the tank, drain tank and then clean with a detergent.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Harmony Total when cleaning.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually inspect
tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Harmony Total. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, then add more water and
ammonia to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for
15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, booms and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain
the tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately in bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Higher spray volumes are required for dense crop canopy and/or large weeds. Weeds
should be less than 10 cm tall or across at application. Effectiveness of Harmony Total may be reduced if it
remains in the tank for more than 24 hours. Do not use flood type nozzles, controlled droplet application
equipment, spray foils or hollow cone nozzles. Do not apply to crop stressed by conditions such as frost, low
fertility, drought, flooding, disease or insect damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Harmony Total is absorbed by the foliage and rapidly translocated to the growing points.
Inhibits cell elongation in broadleaf weeds. Thorough coverage of the plants is essential for consistent
control.

1 0. Expected Results: Broadleaf weed growth stops immediately. Discolouration of dying weeds may be
noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application, depending on growing conditions and weed species. Grassy
weeds - depending on the species, growing conditions and crop competition - leaves and growing points
turn yellow within 1 - 3 weeks after application. Further colour changes and loss of vigor will be observed
followed by a browning, and complete control occurs 3 - 5 weeks after application. Poor results may be
expected if there is improper mixing, timing or coverage, or when weeds are under drought stress.

157

Harmony Total (cont'd)

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 4 hours of application may lessen degree of weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Harmony Total moves little in the soil and disappears from the soil quickly.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not treat wheat underseeded to forages. Do not plant to any crop until 2 months
after application. Do not exceed a total of 8 g/ac of Refine Extra per crop year.

Grazing restrictions: Wheat may be grazed 7 days after the application of Harmony Total.

Other restrictions: Pre-harvest interval is 60 days.

14. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,276 mg/kg; Acute dermal LD^^ (rats) = 4,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store product in closed, original container in a cool, dry, well ventilated room.

1 7. Resistance Management: Harmony Total is both a Group 1 and a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Harmony Total and other Group 1 and 2 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38 - 42).

1. Formulations: Heritage granular; 5%; 25 kg bag and 725 kg returnable bulk bag. Advance granular; 10%;
22.7 kg bag and 454 kg returnable bulk bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Durum wheat, spring wheat (8.6).

Underseeding: Not recommended.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Crop year: Green foxtail, lamb’s-quarters.

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Crop year: Wild buckwheat, wild oats.

6. When Used: Apply to summerfallow in May, June and July for weed control during both years of a
summerfallow-wheat rotation. Maximum benefit comes when applied as early as possible in the fallow year.
Also see Special use below under number 17.

Heritage 5G/Advance 10G

(trifluralin)

Wheat -Brown Soil Zones Only

Fallow year

barnyard grass (8.3) green foxtail (8.1 ) Persian darnel

cow cockle (9.0) lamb's-quarters (8.0) redroot pigweed (8.2)

Russian thistle (7.9) wild oats (7.5)

wild buckwheat (8.3)

158

Heritage 5G/Advance 10G (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment with granular applicator.

Rate:

May

June

July

1 - 3% Organic matter

- Heritage

7.7 kg/^ac

6.5 kg/ac

5.3 kg/ac

-Advance 106

3.8 kg/ac

3.2 kg/ac

2.6 kg/ac

4 - 8% Organic matter

- Heritage

8.9 kg/ac

7.7 kg/ac

6.5 kg/ac

- Advance 106

4.5 kg/ac

3.8 kg^ac

3.2 kg/ac

Brown soil zones only.

Incorporation: If green growth prevents proper mixing, it must be destroyed before application. Apply
over standing or pre-worked stubble, provided straw is chopped and evenly distributed. Incorporate within
24 hours of application to 5 - 8 cm with cultivator (field or deep tillage) at 10 - 13 km/h or disc at
7-10 km/h. Second incorporation at the same depth and right angles to first. Repeat when necessary to
control resistant weeds in fallow year. Cultivation with a rodweeder or shallow tillage cultivator may be
required. Do not cultivate when soil is crusted, lumpy or too wet for good mixing action. Working deeper
than 8 cm can result in erratic weed control and crop injury.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply on soils subject to prolonged flooding, sandy soils with less than 1% organic
matter, soils with more than 8% organic matter or soils in poor working condition. Application to severly
eroded knolls may result in reduced crop stands. In the fall, prior to application, spread straw evenly over
field and leave stubble standing to trap snow. For maximum effectiveness, apply in May. After filling granular
applicator, close lid quickly to avoid exposure to direct sunlight. In crop year, after application and when soil
is warm enough for good germination, prepare seedbed with field cultivator set at 5 cm deep. Seed into a
weed-free seedbed, 3 - 6 cm deep, using double disc or hoe drill. Separate spring tillage may not be
necessary with a discer or airseeder. Pack or harrow after seeding. Drought conditions in fallow year, prior to
seeding, may result in higher carry-over of Heritage at seeding time. To reduce possible injury by carry-over,
seeding to the correct depth (3 - 6 cm) and into a warm, moist seedbed is critical. Use quality seed and
agronomic practices that promote good, rapid, even crop germination and emergence for each crop seeded.
Drought conditions in fallow year, prior to seeding, may result in higher carry-over of Heritage at seeding
time.

9. How it Works: Seedlings are killed during germination by inhibited cell division at active growing points.
This activity results in puffy, brittle, slow growing shoots and swollen brittle root tips. Established weeds are
not controlled.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: After first incorporation, susceptible weeds are partially controlled. After second operation,
susceptible weeds are controlled before emergence.

Crop: No injury to wheat, after summerfallow. Over-application caused by overlapping, improper
calibration, non-uniform application, etc. may reduce crop stand, delay development or reduce )delds.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect once incorporated into the soil.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 10,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to
bees. Very toxic to fish. Large amounts of Heritage can be tolerated by fish in runoff or muddy water because
it binds to suspended soil. Intake can cause heart, liver and kidney damage. A small amount of vomited
liquid inhaled can be fatal.

159

Herbicides

Heritage 5G/Advance 10G (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in areas not exposed to high temperatures, prolonged direct sunlight or moisture.

17. Resistance Management: Heritage 5G/ Advance lOG is a Group 3 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Heritage 5G/ Advance lOG and other Group 3 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38 - 42).

Special use: Durum wheat , spring wheat (including semi-dwarf) - Fall application only.

(September 1 to soil freeze-up).

Weeds controlled: Green foxtail.

Incorporation: (as above) First incorporation within 24 hours of application, 5 - 8 cm deep. Second
incorporation at same depth and right angles to first, in the fall at least 3 days later or in the spring during
seedbed preparation.

Application tip: Do not apply Heritage on stubble in the fall if the crop harvested in the current calendar
year was treated with either a trifluralin product or Edge (ethalfluralin). This condition includes application
made in the previous year.

Rate: Heritage: 4.5 kg/ac. Advance lOG: 2.25 kg/ac.

Hoe-Grass II (diclofop methyl + bromoxynilj

Group 1,6

Manufacturer; Bayer CropSctence

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable liquid; 230 g/L diclofop-methyl + 80 g/L bromoxynil; 20 L, llOL, 400L
containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Decis: barley (except Betzes and Klages), flax, wheat. MCPA (Amine or Ester) (only
28 mL/ac): barley (except Betzes and Klages), spring rye, triticale, wheat.

Caution: Do not exceed, under any circumstances, the recommended amount of MCPA as a severe
reduction in grassy weed control will result.

3. Crops: Barley (8.4) (except Betzes and Klages), durum wheat (8.8), flax (7.6), spring rye (9.0),
spring wheat (8.7), triticale (9.0).

Seedling grasses (seed production only): Bromegrass, creeping red fescue, crested intermediate
wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass.

Underseeding: Do not treat crops underseeded to legumes.

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass (9.0)
common groundsel (9.0)
cow cockle (7.9)
green foxtail (7.4)
green smartweed (8.8)
knawel

kochia (8.2)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (7.0)
night-flowering catchfly (8.8)
Persian darnel (6.9)

redroot pigweed (7.2)
Russian thistle (8.2)
scentless chamomile (8.7)
stinkweed (8.2)
tartary buckwheat (7.2)

volunteer corn (8.4)
wild buckwheat (8.0)
wild mustard (8.3)
wild oats (7.4)
yellow foxtail

160

Hoe-Grass II (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley (except Betzes and Klages): 1 - 4 leaf and prior to tillering. Application beyond
the 4 leaf stage or after tillering will result in crop damage.

Flax; 5 - 10 cm in height. During periods of stress [for example, very hot temperatures (28°C or 82°F)] or
high humidity, flax may show leaf burn, retarded growth and a slight maturity delay. Avoid spra)dng flax
under these conditions. Early evening spraying has been shown to be best.

Wheat: No leaf stage restrictions.

Grasses: 2 - 5 leaf stage.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass, foxtail, wild oats: 1 - 4 leaf. Persian darnel: 1 - 3 leaf. Volunteer corn:

15 - 25 cm. Broadleaf weeds: seedling to early 4 leaf stage. Russian thistle: seedling to 5 cm in height.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 1.4 L/ac.

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure; 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Only flat fan nozzles recommended.

8. Application Tips: For best results and maximum yield enhancement, apply when majority of weeds are in
the 2 - 3 leaf stage. During periods of stress, plants are not actively growing. When daytime temperatures are
very hot (28°C or 82°F) and/or conditions are very dry and/or there is low humidity, plants are under stress.
Application of Hoe-Grass during these periods may result in substantially reduced control. Under these
conditions, yellow blotches may appear on crop leaves. These blotches will be rapidly outgrown and will not
affect maturity or yield. Good spray coverage and penetration may be difficult if weed populations are
extremely high. Apply the spray at a forward angle of 45° and ensure that weeds are young and actively
growing. Hoe-Grass II must be applied at least 4 days before the use of any other herbicide to eliminate a
reduction of control.

9. How it Works: Diclofop-methyl possesses contact as well as systemic action. Uptake is primarily through the
leaves. The site of action is the growing point. Bromoxynil is primarily a contact herbicide with limited
translocation in susceptible annual broadleaf weeds.

10. Expected Results: Yellowing of susceptible plants is visible within 2 - 4 days. New leaf growth exhibits light
chlorosis which deepens, and browning develops within 10 - 14 days of application. Photosynthesis and
growth are inhibited and uptake of water and nutrients ceases. Lack of adequate crown root development is
one of the most distinguishable features of diclofop-methyl activity. Bromoxynil activity is evident within

24 hours as necrotic spots appear on the leaves of susceptible broadleaf weeds. This damage spreads rapidly
until the plants ultimately die. Chlorosis may develop in the untreated leaves of these susceptible weeds
even though very little movement of the bromoxynil occurs.

Precautions:

Barley: Under certain environmental conditions, yellow blotches may appear on the barley leaves. These
blotches will be rapidly outgrown and will not affect maturity or yield.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour will decrease activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Some movement may occur if sufficient moisture is present.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restriction.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields prior to harvest.

Drift: Avoid treatment near susceptible crops.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = 2,350 mg/kg. Eye irritant. Toxic to fish. A
small amount of vomited liquid inhaled can be fatal. May cause burns to the skin and eyes.

161

Herbicides

Hoe-Grass II (cont'd)

1 5. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Do not store below freezing. If stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using.

1 7. Resistance Management: Hoe-Grass II is both a Group 1 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant toHoe-Grass II and other Group 1 and 6 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38-42).

Hoe-Grass 284

(diclofop methyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer. Bayer CropScience

DANGER CORROSIVE

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable liquid; 284 g/L; 20 L, 110 L, 400 L containers.

2. Registered Mixes: Lontrel (227 mL/ac only) (canola), Pardner [barley*, flax, wheat (durum, spring)],
Decis [barley*, canola, flax, mustard, potatoes, wheat (durum, spring, winter)].

Note: *Barley (except Betzes or Klages).

Mixing restrictions: Mixing with any broadleaf herbicide other than those registered on the Hoe-Grass
284 label will result in a reduction of grassy weed control.

3. Crops:

sunflowers (8.6)
(except Corona)
tame buckwheat (8.6)
tame mustard (8.9)
triticale (8.5)
winter wheat (8.9)

sweet clover (8.0)

Seedling legumes for seed production only.

barley (8.2)

(except Betzes, Klages)
canola (8.9)
carrots

dry common beans (8.8)
(only black, pinto, white)
dry bulb onion (8.6)

durum wheat (8.9)
fababeans (9.0)
fall rye (9.0)
field peas (9.0)
flax (8.9)
lentils (8.4)
potatoes (8.7)

Forages, only in year of establishment

aflalfa (8.5) creeping red fescue (7.9)

alsike clover** crested wheatgrass (7.3)

bromegrass (7.5) intermediate wheatgrass

processing peas (9.0)
snap beans
soybeans (8.8)
spring rye (8.7)
spring wheat (8.5)
sugar beets (8.5)

red cover (8.0)

Russian wild ryegrass (7.6)
sainfoin**

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass (8.0), green foxtail (7.6), Persian darnel (6.8), volunteer corn (8.4),
wild oats (7.7), yellow foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley: 1 - 4 leaf, prior to tillering.

Forages: Only in year of establishment; cannot use for food or feed.

Wheat: No leaf stage restrictions.

Weed stage: Barnyard grass, foxtail, wild oats: 1 - 4 leaf. Persian darnel: 1 - 3 leaf.
Volunteer corn: 15 - 25 cm.

162

Hoe-Grass 284 (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment. Do not use controlled droplet application equipment.

Rate: 1.0 - 1.13 L/ac.

Beans, carrots, fababeans, onions, potatoes, soybeans, sugar beets: 1.4 L/ac.

Wild oats in 4 - 5 leaf stage: 1.1 L/ac.

When tank mixing: 1.13 L/ac, except with Decis 1.0 - 1.13 L/ac.

Water volume: Air: 14 L/ac minimum. Ground: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 300 kPa. Ground: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Only flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Do not use on Betzes and Klages barley. When tank mixing with bromoxynil, do not delay
Hoe-Grass 284 application if grassy weed is in correct stage. Reduced control can be expected if Hoe-Grass
284 is applied to weeds growing under stress. Control may be further reduced if tank mixed. Apply at least
4 days before any broadleaf herbicide, except bromoxynil products, to eliminate a reduced grass kill from
Hoe-Grass 284. Not recommended to apply Hoe-Grass 284 after a broadleaf herbicide, during periods of
stress, plants are not actively growing, when daytime temperatures are very hot (28°C or 82°F) and/or
conditions are very dry and/or there is low humidity. Application of Hoe-Grass during these periods may
result in substantially reduced control. Under these conditions, yellow blotches may appear on crop leaves.
These blotches will be rapidly outgrown and will not affect maturity or yield. Good spray coverage and
penetration may be difficult if weed populations are extremely high. Apply the spray at a forward angle of
45°, and ensure that weeds are young and actively growing.

9. How it Works: Contact as well as systemic action. Uptake primarily through leaves and translocated to
growing point. Penetration and uptake via roots may occur if soil is sufficiently moist and the rate of
application is relatively high.

1 0. Expected Results: Yellowing of susceptible plants is noticeable within 2 - 4 days of application. New leaf
growth exhibits light chlorosis which deepens, and browning develops 10-14 days after application.
Photosynthesis and growth are inhibited and uptake of water and nutrients ceases. Lack of adequate crown
root development is evident on wild oats as well as in some sensitive barley varieties.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour will decrease activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Some movement in soil if sufficient moisture is present.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restriction.

Drift: Danger from drift is low.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields prior to harvest. Do not apply within 60 days of harvest.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,350 mg/kg. Toxic to fish. Non-toxic to
birds. A small amount of vomited liquid inhaled can be fetal.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Do not store below freezing. If stored 1 year or longer, shake well before using.

17. Resistance Management: Hoe-Grass 284 is a Group l herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Hoe-Grass 284 and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biot)q)es may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

163

Horizon (clodinafop propargyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 240 g/L; 1 x 3.68 L Horizon + 2 x 6.4 L Score.

2. Registered Mixes: Horizon tank mixes: Ally (3 g/ac), Attain (Attain A 240 mL/ac +

Attain B 400 mL/ac), 2,4-D Amine 500 (340 mL/ac), Buctril M (400 mL/ac), Curtail M (800 mL/ac),

Beds flowable (32 - 48 mL/ac), Dichlorprop D (700 mL/ac), DyVel (500 mL/ac), Estaprop (700 mL/ac),
Lontrel (170 - 340 mL/ac), Lontrel + MCPA Ester 500 (110 - 170 mL/ac + 450 mL/ac),

Lontrel 360EC + Refine Extra (85 mL/ac + 8 g/ac). Matador (25 - 34 mL/ac), MCPA Amine,

MCPA Ester 500 (340 - 440 mL/ac), MCPA Na-salt (485 mL - 1.09 L/ac), Mecroprop (2.2 - 2.8 L/ac),

Mextrol (567 mL/ac), Pardner (400 mL/ac), Prestige: Prestige A (324 mL/ac), Prestige B (810 mL/ac),
Refine Extra (8 g/ac). Target (400 - 600 mL/ac), Thumper (400 mL/ac), Tilt (202 mL/ac),

Trophy (240 mL/ac Strane + 450 mL/ac MCPA Ester), Turboprop 600 (700 mL/ac),

Unity (202 mL/ac + 4.3 g/ac).

3. Crops: All types of durum and spring wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, Persian darnel, volunteer canary seed, volunteer oats,
wild oats, yellow foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply prior to emergence of the 4th tiller. When tank mixing, always refer to the label of the
broadleaf partner herbicide.

Weed stage:

Green and yellow foxtail, Persian darnel, barnyard grass: 1 - 5 true leaves on the main stem.

(For optimum control, apply before tillering and when Persian darnel and barnyard grass are actively
growing. For optimum control of green and yellow foxtail, apply prior to emergence of 3rd tiller and while
foxtail is actively growing.)

Volunteer oats: 3 - 6 true leaves on the main stem and prior to emergence of the 4th tiller.

Wild oats and volunteer canary seed: 1 - 6 true leaves on the main stem and prior to emergence of
the 4th tiller.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by aircraft.

Rates:

Wild oats, green and yellow foxtail, barnyard grass, volunteer oats, volunteer canary seed: 95 mL/ac +

Score (0.8 % v/v).

Above weeds + Persian darnel: 115 mL/ac + Score (1.0% v/v).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 310 kPa.

Nozzles: 80° or 110° flat fan stainless steel nozzles are recommended for optimal spray coverage.

Mixing instructions:

1. Clean spray tank and 1/2 fill with clean water. Start agitation or bypass system.

2. If a broadleaf herbicide is to be tank mixed, add the product first prior to adding Horizon and agitate for
2 - 3 minutes.

3. Add correct amount of Horizon.

4. Agitate for 2 - 3 minutes.

164

Horizon (cont'd)

5. Add correct amount of Score Adjuvant.

6. Agitate for 1 - 2 minutes before adding remainder of water.

7. After any break in spraying operations, agitate thoroughly before spraying again.

8. Use the spray suspension as soon as it is prepared.

9. If an oil film starts to build-up in the tank, drain tank and then clean with a detergent.

Sprayer cleanup: Thoroughly clean application equipment immediately after spraying. Ensure all traces of
the product are removed. The following recommendations are provided:

1. Drain and flush tank walls, boom and all hoses for ten minutes with clean water. Do not clean the sprayer
near desirable vegetation, wells or other water sources.

2. Remove the nozzles and screens and wash separately.

3. Dispose of all rinsings in accordance with provincial regulations.

4. If a broadleaf tank mix partner is used, always check tank mix partner label for any additional cleanup
procedures.

8. Application Tips: For optimum results, apply Horizon to actively growing weeds. An early application will
maximize crop yields by reducing weed competition. Application of the spray mixture at a 45° angle in the
direction of travel will result in improved spray coverage. Do not use flood type nozzles, controlled droplet
application equipment, spray foils or hollow cone nozzles. Weeds emerging after application will not be
controlled. Do not apply to crop stressed by conditions such as frost, low fertility, drought, flooding, disease
or insect damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Horizon is absorbed by the leaves and is rapidly translocated to the growing points of leaves
and stems. Thorough coverage of the plants is essential for consistent control.

1 0. Expected Results: Grassy weeds - Depending on species, growing conditions and crop competition, leaves
and growing points turn yellow within one to three weeks after application. Further colour changes and loss
of vigor will be observed, followed by a browning and complete control 3 - 5 weeks after application.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 30 minutes of application may reduce the effectiveness of Horizon.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not treat wheat underseeded to forages.

Grazing restrictions: Observe a minimum of 3 days before grazing livestock on crops treated with
Horizon.

Pre-harvest interval: 60 days.

1 4. Toxicity: Acute Oral LD^g (rats) = 2,276 mg/kg; Acute dermal (rats) = 4,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store the product in closed, original container in a well ventilated room.

17. Resistance Management: Horizon is a Group 1 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Horizon and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

165

Horizon BTM (clodinafop propargyl +

bromoxynil + MCPA Ester)

Group 1,6,4

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Horizon 240 EC: clodinafop-propargyl 240 g/L emulsifiable concentrate; 1 x 1.84 L.

2. Buctril M 560 EC: bromoxynil 280 g/L + MCPA 280 g/L.

3. Score Adjuvant: 1 x 6.4 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Durum wheat and spring wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf prior to emergence of 4th tiller.

Green foxtail: 1 - 5 leaf prior to emergence of 3rd tiller.

Barnyard grass, green foxtail, volunteer canary seed, volunteer tame oats, yellow foxtail.

Seedlings up to 4 leaf stage

American nightshade
ball mustard
bluebur
cocklebur
cow cockle*

Seedlings up to 6 leaf stage

wild tomato

Seedlings up to 8 leaf stage

buckwheat (wild, tartary, common) common ragweed stinkweed wormseed mustard

common groundsel lamb's-quarters wild mustard

* In normal conditions, cow cockle will be controlled up to the 4 leaf stage. Plants beyond this stage are unlikely to be
controlled.

** Spray before plants are 5 cm.

*** Spring annuals only.

**** Spray before plants are 8 cm high.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage:

Spring and durum wheat: 2 leaf prior to emergence of 4th tiller.

Weed stage:

Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage prior to emergence of 4th tiller.

Green foxtail: 1 - 5 leaf stage prior to emergence of 3rd tiller.

Broadleaf weeds: Buckwheats, groundsel, lamb’s-quarters, ragweed, stinkweed, wild mustard, wormseed
mustard up to 8 leaf stage. Wild tomato up to 6 leaf stage. All other broadleaf weeds up to 4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Horizon 240 EC: 93 mL/ac. Buctril M 560 EC: 400 mL/ac. Score Adjuvant: 0.8% v/v.

Water volume: Minimum of 40 L/ac.

flixweed

green smartweed

kochia**

lady's-thumb

night flowering catchfly

pale smartweed
redroot pigweed
Russian thistle**
scentless chamomile***

shepherd's-purse
velvetleaf****
volunteer canola
volunteer sunflower

166

Horizon BTM (cont'd)

Nozzles: 80° or 110° flat fan. Use 50 mesh nozzle screens.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Mixing instructions:

1. Clean spray tank and add 1/2 amount of clean water. Start agitation.

2. Add correct amount of Buctril M 560 EC.

3. Agitate for 2 - 3 minutes.

4. Add correct amount of Horizon 240 EC.

5. Agitate for 2 - 3 minutes.

6. Add correct amount of Score Adjuvant.

7. Agitate for 1 - 2 minutes.

8. Add remainder of water and then maintain constant agitation.

9. After any break in spraying operations, agitate thoroughly before spraying again.

10. Use the spray suspension as soon as it is prepared.

Sprayer cleanup: Thoroughly clean application equipment immediately after spraying. Ensure all traces
of product are removed.

1. Drain and flush tank walls, boom and all hoses for 10 minutes with clean water. Do not clean sprayer
near desirable vegetation, wells or other water sources.

2. Remove the nozzles and screens, and wash separately.

3. Dispose of all rinsings in accordance with provincial regulations.

8. Application Tips: For optimum results, apply Horizon BTM to actively growing weeds. An early application
will maximize crop yields by reducing weed competition. Application of the spray mixture at a 45° angle in
the direction of travel will result in improved spray coverage. Do not use flood t)q)e nozzles, controlled
droplet application equipment, spray foils or hollow cone nozzles. Weeds emerging after application will not
be controlled. Do not apply to crop stressed by conditions such as frost, low fertility, drought, flooding,
disease or insect damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Horizon 240 EC is absorbed by the leaves and is rapidly translocated to the growing points
of leaves and stems. Thorough coverage of the plants is essential for consistent control. Buctril M 560 EC -
Bromoxynil is a contact-type herbicide; therefore, good spray coverage is essential. Inhibits photosynthesis
and plant respiration. MCPA is absorbed through the leaves and is readily translocated in the plant.

10. Expected Results:

wild oats: Actively growing wild oats stop growing within 48 hours after treatment. Depending on growing
conditions and crop competition, leaves and growing points turn yellow within 1 - 3 weeks after application.
Further colour changes and loss of vigour will be observed, followed by browning and complete control
3 - 5 weeks after application.

Broadleaf weeds: Small burnt spots on leaf can appear within hours; death can take up to two weeks.
Poor results may be expected as a result of poor coverage or poor penetration through the canopy.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 30 minutes of application may reduce the effectiveness of Horizon BTM.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not use treated crops for grazing of livestock or green feed until 30 days
after application of Horizon BTM. Do not cut treated crops for forage until 30 days after application of
Horizon BTM.

Pre-harvest interval: 60 days.

14. Toxicity:

1. Horizon 240 EC: Acute Oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,276 mg/kg; Acute dermal (rats) = 4,000 mg/kg.

2. Buctril M 560 EC: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 365 mg/kg.

167

Horizon BTM (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store the product in closed, original container in well ventilated room.

17. Resistance Management: Horizon BTM is considered to be a Group 1, Group 4 and Group 6 herbicide. Any
weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Horizon BTM and other Group 1, 4 and
6 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used
repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management
strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Hyvar X/X-L (bromacil)

Group 5

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

1 . Formulations: Wettable powder; Hyvar X; 80%; 2 kg, 25 kg bags. Water soluble liquid; Hyvar X-L; 240 g/L;
4 L, 10 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: H)war X: Weigh out proper amount of Hyvar X and mix into necessary volume of
water (minimum 20 L/kg of Hyvar X). Agitate continuously by mechanical or hydraulic means.

3. Crops: Non-crop areas only. Total vegetation control.

4. Weeds Controlled: A non-selective, total vegetation control chemical for weeds, grasses and some brush.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used: Just before or during the period of active weed growth. Do not apply when ground is frozen.
Brush: Apply in spring or summer as a basal (spot) treatment.

7. How to Apply:

Hyvar X-L:

With: Power sprayer. Handguns, backpack sprayers or a watering can may be used to treat small areas.

Rate:

Initial treatment: Apply 12-18 L/ac. Higher dosage on soils containing 5% or more organic matter, or
soils high in clay content.

Retreatment of regrowth: 7 - 9 L/ac.

Small areas: 450 mL/100 m^.

Brush control: Spot Treatment Undiluted: At 8 mL/m of tree height up to 3 m. Four or five 8 mL deposits
around the root collar for brush taller than 3 m with a spot gun. Spot Treatment Diluted: mix 1 L in 5 L of
water, apply in 55 mL deposits with a spot gun.

168

Hyvar X/X-L (cont'd)

Hyvar X:

With: Same as Hyvar X-L, except more efficient agitation of the spray solution is required.

Rate:

Initial treatment: 3 - 5 kg/ac. Use the higher dosage on soils containing 5% or more organic matter, or
soils high in clay content.

Retreatment of regrowth: 1.5 - 2.7 kg/ac.

Small areas: 135 g/100 m^.

Brush control: Mix 870 g Hyvar X in 10 L of water and apply 30 - 60 mL/stem 5 - 10 cm in basal
diameter. Wet base of stem to point of runoff.

Water volume: 100 - 1,000 L/ac. Use enough water to uniformly cover the area to be treated.

Hyvar X-L: With a handgun, apply 650 L of spray solution/ac. Hyvar X: Minimum of 20 L of water/kg of
Hyvar X.

Nozzles: Screens should be 50 mesh or larger.

8. Application Tips:

Weed control: If dense growth is present, results will be improved if vegetation is removed before
treatment. Do not apply closer then 1.5 times the height of nearby trees. Roots from large trees may extend
well beyond the height of the tree and may extend beneath areas to be treated. Be cautious where trees are
in close proximity to the treatment site. Do not apply to brush standing in water, lawns, walks, driveways,
tennis courts or similar areas. Applying, draining or flushing equipment too near feeding roots of susceptible
vegetation may cause injury. Thoroughly clean all traces of Hyvar from application equipment immediately
after use.

9. How it Works: Hyvar X is readily absorbed through the roots but much less readily through the leaves. Once
in the plant, it inhibits photosynthesis.

10. Expected Results: Susceptible plants become chlorotic and then die. Vegetation kill is faster with higher
rainfall. Degree and duration of control depends on amount of chemical applied, soil type, rainfall and other
conditions. Brush: final kill may not take place until the year following treatment.

Poor results may be expected if weed growth too mature or if there is insufficient rainfall.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall will carry the chemical into the root zone where it is absorbed.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement in soil is dependent upon soil type and soil moisture. Bromacil will move
faster in a vertical direction in sandy soils than in soils high in organic matter or clay content. Movement can
be severe on slopes.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: All crops and ornamentals may be injured by chemical drift. Do not apply in areas subject to severe
soil erosion.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,200 mg/kg. Toxic to fish. Intake of
Hyvar X-L can cause damage to lungs, liver, heart and kidney and can lead to a coma. May also cause
blindness.

15. Precautions, First Aid: H)^ar X-L is combustible, while applying undiluted product, do not smoke and keep
away from heat and open flame. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls,
brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for
further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Hyvar X: Store in a cool, dry place. Hyvar X-L: Combustible, keep away from heat or open flame.

Do not allow to freeze.

169

K2 (thifensulfuron methyl+ tribenuron methyl +
flucarbazone sodium)

Group 2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

1. Formulations:

1. Refine Extra (dry flowable); 50% thifensulfuron methyl + 25% tribenuron methyl; 320 g (4 x 80 g)
water-soluble bags.

2. Everest (dry flowable); 70% flucarbazone-sodium; 696 g (4 x 174 g) water-soluble packets.

2. Registered Mixes: K2 must be applied with 2,4-D Amine at 340 mL to 450 mL/ac (based 500 g/L
formulation) -t- 0.25% v/v of a recommended surfactant.

3. Crops: All spring wheat varieties.

4. Weeds Controlled:

K2 + 2,4-D tank mix

ball mustard
burdocks (seedlings)
chickweed
cocklebur
common groundsel
common plantain
common ragweed
corn spurry
cow cockle

false ragweed
flixweed
giant ragweed
green foxtail*
green smartweed
hare's-ear mustard
hemp-nettle
Indian mustard
kochia

lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard
prickly lettuce
redroot pigweed
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed

* Includes Group 1 and 3 resistant green foxtail.

Includes CLEARFIELD Canola when applied with 2,4-D Amine.
*** Includes Group 1 and 8 resistant wild oats.

sweet clover
tumble mustard
volunteer rapeseed**
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats***
wild radish
wormseed mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, cleavers, round-leaved mallow (2 - 6 leaf), scentless chamomile,
sow-thistle, stork’s-bill (2 - 6 leaf), toadflax (less than 15 cm tall).

6. When Used:

Crop stage:

Wheat: Apply when wheat has a minimum of 1 leaf, up to a maximum of 4 leaves, on the main stem with
two tillers.

Weed stage: Apply to young, actively growing weeds before canopy closes. Weeds emerging after
treatment may not be controlled.

Canada thistle, sow-thistle: Apply when the majority of the thistles have emerged and are actively
growing. For best top growth control, apply when thistles are not larger than 15 cm tall, before bud stage
and before crop canopy prevents thorough coverage of the thistles. A single application will effectively
inhibit the ability of emerged thistles to compete with the crop. Later emerging thistles will not be
controlled.

Chickweed: Apply when the chickweed is small (1-6 leaf) and actively growing, but before crop canopy
prevents thorough coverage of weeds. Chickweed emerging after application will not be controlled.
Cleavers: 1 - 3 whorls.

Green foxtail: 1 - 6 leaf (4 leaves on the main stem -I- 2 tillers).

Round-leaved mallow: Apply to actively growing round-leaved mallow in the 2 - 6 leaf stage (10 - 12 cm
in height). K2 will keep mallow stunted, but may not reduce the overall populations.

170

K2 (cont'd)

Wild buckwheat: 1 - 3 leaf.

Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf (4 leaves on the main stem + 2 tillers).

Application outside this window may result in crop injury and/or loss of weed control.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 8 g/ac Refine Extra + 17.4 g/ac Everest + 340 - 450 mL/ac 2,4-D Amine (500 g/L formulation) +

0.25 L per 100 L of spray solution of Agral 90 or Ag-Surf.

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 207 - 276 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended at 80° or 110°. Use 50 mesh or larger screens.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill the spray tank 3/4 full with clean water and begin agitation or by-pass.

2. Add the required number of Everest pouches as determined by the rate directly to the spray tank.
Depending on the water temperature and the degree of agitation, the packets should be completely
dissolved within approximately 5-10 minutes from the time they were added to the water. Maintain
sufficient agitation during both mixing and application.

3. Add the required number of Refine Extra pouches.

4. Add the required amount of 2,4-D.

5. Add the required amount of surfactant, then complete filling the tank with the balance of the water
needed.

Sprayer cleanup: K2 can cause severe injury to sensitive crops at very low concentrations. Sprayers used
to spray K2 should be flushed out immediately before using another product. Follow the steps below:

1. Drain the tank and thoroughly rinse the spray tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of
10 minutes. Visually inspect the tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of K2.

2. Fill the tank with clean water and 1% v/v (1 L/lOO L) household ammonia. Flush the hoses, boom and
nozzles with the solution, and then add more water and ammonia to completely fill the tank so that all
surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Flush hoses, boom
and nozzles once more, then drain the tank.

3. All nozzles, screens and filters should be removed and cleaned after applying this product. Clean nozzles
and screens in a separate container using the ammonia and water solution.

4. Repeat step #2.

5. Rinse tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes.

Do not clean sprayer near desirable vegetation, wells or other water sources. Dispose of all rinsings in
accordance with provincial regulations.

8. Application Tips: wheat exposed to the following conditions at application time may result in unacceptable
levels of injury: water-logged or saturated soils, temperature extremes such as heat or freezing weather,
drought, low fertility or plant disease. Weed control may also be reduced by these same conditions. Under
certain conditions (heavy rainfall, prolonged cool weather, frost conditions, wide fluctuations in day/night
temperature), lightening in crop colour and reduction in crop height may occur.

9. How it Works: K2 is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed by both leaves and roots and moves rapidly into
the growing point of the plant. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: Growth of susceptible plants stops soon after application. Symptoms include
discolouration (yellowing, purpling, and reddening) of newest leaves, and complete control may not be
observed for 1 - 2 weeks.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours of application may reduce degree of weed control.

171

Herbicides

K2 (cont'd)

12. Movement in Soil: Refine Extra moves little in the soil and disappears from the soil quickly.

13. Cropping Restrictions: The following crops may be planted 11 months after an application:

Black, Dark Brown and Grey Wooded soil zones: Spring wheat, barley, canola and field peas.
Brown soil zone: Spring wheat.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields. Mature grain or straw may be fed to livestock.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. K2 is not affected by freezing, but the water-soluble bags may become
brittle and break if handled roughly. Avoid physical damage to water-soluble packets during storage and
prior to mixing in the spray tank.

1 7. Resistance Management: K2 is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants
naturally resistant to K2 and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed
population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Karmex DF/Diurex SOW (diuron)

Group 7

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc., United Agri Products

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; 80%; 2 kg, 25 kg packs.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: Agitate continuously by mechanical or hydraulic means.

3. Crops: Asparagus, dug-outs, irrigation and drainage ditches, ponds and spot treatment for general weed
control. Non-crop areas.

4. Weeds Controlled: Broadleaf and grassy weed seedlings.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used: May be used at any time, except when the ground is frozen. Best results obtained when applied
shortly before weed growth begins. Dense weed growth should be removed first, then treatment applied.
Sufficient rainfall or irrigation is necessary following treatment to carry the chemical to the root zone.
Asparagus (established): No earlier than 4 weeks before spear emergence and no later than the early
cutting period.

Irrigation and drainage ditches: Before expected seasonal rainfall, if possible, when soil in the ditch is
still moist. Apply during the non-crop season when the ditch is not in use.

172

Karmex DF/Diurex SOW (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Field sprayer, hand sprayer, back-pack or sprinkling can.

Rate:

General weed control: Sandy or sandy loam soils 5.8-11 kg/ac. Clays or high organic soils
16-22 kg/ac. Use the lower rate when annual weed growth predominates and where only one season’s
control is desired.

Retreatment of regrowth: Annuals and seedlings 500 g/ac.

Irrigation and drainage ditches: 250 - 750 g/100 m^ or 9.3 - 27 kg/ac. Flush once before using for
irrigation purposes. Karmex must be fixed in the soil by moisture to minimize movement in irrigation water.
Spot treatment: Quackgrass, toadflax 0.75 - 1.0 kg/100 m^.

Small areas: 50 g/10 m^ is equal to 20.2 kg/ac.

Water volume: Use 100 - 160 L of water/acre to provide thorough, uniform coverage.

Nozzles: Screens should be 50 mesh or larger.

8. Application Tips: Do not use on sand, loamy sand or gravelly soils with less than 1% organic matter. Spray
booms must be shut off while starting, turning, slowing or stopping as injury to the crop may result. Do not
apply to newly seeded asparagus or to young plants during the first growing season after setting or on plants
with exposed roots as severe injury may result. Do not apply to slopes as soil erosion may occur.
Applying, draining or flushing equipment too near feeding roots of susceptible vegetation may cause injury.
Do not use on lawns, walks, driveways, tennis courts or similar areas. Thoroughly clean all traces of Karmex
from application equipment after use.

9. How it Works: Diuron is readily absorbed through the root system and less readily absorbed through stem
and foliage.

10. Expected Results: Susceptible plants become chlorotic soon after treatment and then die. Degree of control
and duration of effect will vary with the amount of chemical applied, soil type, rainfall and other conditions.
Regrowth of plantain, thistle, or wild carrot will indicate that retreatment is necessary. Poor control may
be expected if inadequate rate or weeds too old or insufficient rainfall.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall will activate the chemical, carr5dng it into the root zone.

12. Movement in Soil: Diuron absorbs readily to the soil, and there is little movement by leaching.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: All crops and ornamentals may be injured by chemical drift.

Succeeding crops: Do not replant treated areas to any crop within 2 years after last treatment as injury to
subsequent crops may result.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 3,400 mg/kg. Non-toxic to birds and
fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: store in a cool, dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Karmex DF/Diurex SOW is a Group 7 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Karmex DF/Diurex SOW and other Group 7 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38 - 42).

173

Herbicides

Kerb SOW (propyzamidej

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Wettable powder; 50%; 1.36 kg bag (containing 3 x 454 g pouches). Order directly from
Univar.

2. Registered Mixes: None specified.

3. Crops: Alfalfa (established) (8.7), bird’s-foot trefoil (established), grass (established), pastures (grass/
legume).

4. Weeds Controlled:

chickweed (8.2) grasses (most annual) (8.3) timothy volunteer wheat

dodder orchard grass (8.3) volunteer barley wild oats (5.9)

foxtail barley (7.5) seedling quackgrass (7.4)

temperature is low but above freezing, and soil moisture is high.

Spring: Alfalfa (grown for seed). For optimum control, the soil temperature should be cool.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only.

Rate:

Alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil (established)

- annual grasses, volunteer grain, wild oats 710

- chickweed, orchard grass, quackgrass, timothy 910 - 1310

Pasture established on Brown, Dark Brown, Grey Wooded soils

- foxtail barley 275 - 365

Pasture established on Black and Thin Black soils

- foxtail barley 365 - 455

Alfalfa (grown for seed)

- annual grasses, volunteer grain, wild oats 710 (maximum)

- chickweed, orchard grass, quackgrass, timothy 910 (maximum)

Water volume: 120 - 200 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan. 50 mesh or larger metal filters and nozzle screens.

Incorporation: None. Spring application on alfalfa, if soil temperature is high and moisture content low, a
light incorporation is recommended.

8. Application Tips: Do not use on highly organic peat or muck soils. Avoid application to timothy, fescue,
crested wheat grass or perennial bluegrass. In fall, rain in 1 or 2 days or a light overhead irrigation
(1.25 - 2.5 cm) improves results.

9. How it Works: Root absorption. Inhibits cell division.

1 0. Expected Results: Plant growth stops; plant turns brown and dies.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Fall: Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil. Apply between October 1 and freeze-up. Best results are obtained when soil

174

Kerb SOW (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Improves efficacy.

12. Movement in Soil: Very little leaching. Readily absorbed on organic matter.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Wait 9 months before planting other crops.

Grazing restrictions: Do not harvest or graze within 90 days of applying 1.3 kg/ac or 60 days after lower
rates.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 5,620 - 8,350 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: store in cool, dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Kerb 50W is a Group 15 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Kerb 50W and other Group 15 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate
the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Krenite (fosamine)

1. Formulations: Water soluble liquid; 480 g/L; 10 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Non-ionic surfactants: Tween 20.

3. Crops: Brush control on non-crop areas only.

4. Weeds Controlled:

alder

beech

elm

largetooth aspen*

pine

ash

birch

hazel

maple

trembling aspen poplar

balsam fir*

cherry*

hemlock*

oak

white spruce*

* Highest rate.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used: From mid- June to end of July.

7. How to Apply:

With: High volume ground equipment.

Rate: 10.0 - 15.0 L/1,000 L of water. Add 1 - 2 L of surfactant to the mixture. Use higher rate for balsam fir,
cherry, hemlock, largetooth aspen, white spruce.

Water volume: 200 - 1,200 L of spray solution/ac to point of runoff.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply to food crops. A non-ionic surfactant is required to control most conifers and
to control the root suckering of deciduous brush.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by leaves, stems and buds. Restricts bud development the following spring.

175

Herbicides

Krenite (cont'd)

1 0. Expected Results: Injury may not be observed until the following spring, particularly if minimum rates are
used or if cool temperatures prevail when spraying is done. Plants will fail to develop leaves and
subsequently die.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 24 hours of application may reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Little downward movement as Krenite readily adsorbs to soil colloids.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze on land treated with Krenite,

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 24,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to birds and
fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

Krovar I (bromacil -i- diuron)

Group 5,7

Manufacturer; DuPont Canada Inc.

1 . Formulations: Dry flowable; 40% bromacil + 40% diuron; 2 kg, 25 kg bags.

2. Registered Mixes: Telar at 48 g/ac + surfactant.

Mixing instructions: Weigh out the proper amount of Krovar and mix into necessary volume of water
(minimum 20 L water/kg of Krovar). Agitate continuously by mechanical or hydraulic means. Do not use air
agitation. If mixing with Telar, add the Telar first, then the required amount of Krovar, then surfactant.

3. Crops: Non-crop areas only. Total vegetation control.

4. Weeds Controlled: Most annual and perennial weeds and grasses.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used:

Weed stage: Before weeds emerge or when actively growing. Remove dense growth before treatment. Do
not apply when ground is frozen. Sufficient moisture is required to carry the chemical to the root zone of the
weeds.

7. How to Apply:

with: Boom sprayer, handgun, back pack or sprinkling can.

Rate:

General weed control: 5.3 - 7.3 kg/ac. Use higher rates on soils containing 5% or more organic matter
or soils high in clay content. Use 5.5 kg/ac on sandy or sandy loam soils only.

Retreatment of regrowth: 2.75 - 3.6 kg/ac when annual weeds reappear on previously treated sites.
Small areas: 180 g/100 m^, approximately 7.3 kg/ac.

Water volume: 20 L water (minimum)/kg of Krovar I. 100 - 1,000 L/ac. Use enough water to uniformly
cover area to be treated.

Nozzles: Screens should be 50 mesh or larger.

176

Krovar I (cont'd)

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Application Tips: Applying, draining or flushing equipment too near feeding roots of susceptible vegetation
may cause injury. Do not use on lawns, walks, driveways, tennis courts or similar areas. Do not apply to
slopes as soil erosion may occur. Thoroughly clean all traces of Krovar I from application equipment
immediately after use.

How it Works: Readily absorbed through the roots, leaves and stems.

Expected Results: Plants become chlorotic and then die. The degree of control and duration of effect will
vary with the amount of chemical applied, soil type, rainfall and other factors. Poor results occur if
weeds are too mature or if insufficient rainfall.

Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall will leach the chemical into the root zone.

Movement in Soil: Movement in soil is faster with heavier rainfall. Do not use in areas subject to soil
erosion.

Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: All crops and ornamentals may be injured by chemical drift.

Succeeding crops: Krovar I is a non-selective residual herbicide. It should only be used on non-crop areas
where bare ground is desired.

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = bromacil 5,200 mg/kg,
diuron = 3,400 mg/kg. Non-toxic to birds. Toxic to fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention,

Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

Resistance Management: Krovar I is a Group 5 and 7 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Krovar I and other Group 5 and 7 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Laddok (bentazon -h atrazine)

Group 6,5

Manufacturer; BASF Canad

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Liquid suspension; 200 g/L bentazon -I- 200 g/L atrazine; 1 x 10 L Laddok -I- 1 x 8 L Assist oil
concentrate.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactant: Assist oil concentrate.

3. Crops: Field corn, seed corn, silage corn, sweet corn. Seed corn producers should consult the seed corn
company regarding tolerance of seed production lines to Laddok + Assist oil concentrate.

177

Herbicides

Laddok (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual smartweeds
bird rape*
black nightshade

common chickweed
common groundsel*
common ragweed
corn spurry
giant ragweed*

hairy galinsoga
lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters*

redroot pigweed*
Russian thistle
velvetleaf
wild mustard

buttercup

cocklebur

low cudweed
purslane

* Triazine resistant strains of these weeds are controlled by Laddok.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used: Crop stage: Corn is tolerant to Laddok at all stages of growth.

Weed stage: Apply early post-emergence when weeds are small and actively growing (usually corresponds
to corn growth stages of 1 - 5 leaves). Under good growing conditions, the most effective time for
application usually is 18 - 28 days after planting. Cultivation may be necessary if additional weeds emerge
after the application.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate: 1.2 - 1.6 L/ac. Use the rate appropriate for weed size as shown in the application rate table of the
Laddok label. Where Dual II Magnum has been applied as a pre-emergent grass herbicide, the application
rate of Laddok may be reduced to 0.8 - 1.0 L/ac. Assist oil concentrate at 1.0 L/lOO L of spray volume should
be added for all applications of Laddok.

Water volume: 80 - 160 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 400 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan or cone type only recommended.

8. Application Tips: Best results if weeds are young and actively growing. Do not apply where runoff erosion is
likely to occur. Do not apply if crop is under stress from prolonged cold weather, poor fertility or when crop
is wet and succulent from recent rainfall as crop injury may occur. It is important to obtain complete spray
coverage of all leaves for best control.

9. How it Works: Both bentazon and atrazine are contact herbicides interfering with photosynthesis.

1 0. Expected Results:

Weeds: Turn yellow, then brown, usually within 2 weeks.

Crops: Occasionally show light leaf speckling. Poor results may occur if weeds are too mature, if spray fails
to penetrate crop canopy or under conditions of prolonged cool weather or drought.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Within 6 - 8 hours may reduce activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Very little, except in sandy soil and with excessive moisture.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: On very light soils with low organic matter, some atrazine may carryover and injure
susceptible crops. Injury may also occur if land treated with Laddok is planted to any crop other than corn in
the same season.

Grazing restrictions: Treated plants can be used for silage.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 3,000 mg/kg. Intake may cause
convulsions and coma.

178

Laddok (cont'd)

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
! information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

.16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place above 0°C.

1 7. Resistance Management: Laddok is both a Group 5 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may
b contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Laddok and other Group 5 and 6 herbicides. The resistant

I ' biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other

resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Liberty 150 SN (glufosinate ammonium)

Group 10

Manufacturer; Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

I 1. Formulations: Liquid; 150g/L; 13.5 Ljug.

2. Registered Mixes: Poast ultra. Select.

3. Crops: Canola varieties tolerant to Liberty. These varieties will be labelled with Liberty Link symbol.
Desiccation only; Alfalfa (grown for seed), lentils, potatoes.

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass
cleavers

common chickweed
cow cockle
dandelion
flixweed

green foxtail
hemp-nettle
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters
perennial sow-thistle
redroot pigweed

round-leaved mallow
scentless chamomile
smartweed
stinkweed
stork's-bill
volunteer canola

volunteer flax
volunteer wheat
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle, quackgrass, volunteer barley.

6. When Used: Crop stage: Liberty Link Canola: cotyledon stage up to the early bolting stage of canola.
Slight discolouration of the canola may be visible after application. This effect is temporary and will not
influence crop growth, maturity or yield.

Desiccation: Alfalfa: Apply Liberty at 50 - 75% pod turn (brown) stage. Do NOT apply more than once per
year.

Lentils: Apply Liberty at 40 - 60% pod turn (yellow to brown) stage. Do NOT apply to lentils grown for seed
(sufficient data are not available to support such use).

Potatoes: Apply Liberty approximately 14-21 days to expected harvest. Do NOT apply to potatoes grown for
seed stock.

179

Herbicides

Liberty 150 SN (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment and by air.

Rate: Best control will be obtained when Liberty is applied in the recommended leaf stages of Liberty Link
canola.

Apply Liberty at 810 ml/ac

Weed

Leaf stage

Weed

Leaf stage

barnyard grass

1 - 4 leaves

Russian thistle

up to 8 cm

cow cockle

1 - 4 leaves

smartweed

1 - 6 leaves

green foxtail*

1 - 6 leaves

stinkweed

1 - 8 leaves

(maximum 3 tillers)

volunteer canola

1 - 4 leaves

lady's-thumb

1 - 6 leaves

volunteer flax

up to 6 cm

lamb's-quarters

1 - 6 leaves

wild mustard

1 - 5 leaves

■ Fields with only green foxtail; 538 mL/ac.

Apply Liberty at 1.08 L/ac

Weed

Leaf stage

Weed

Leaf stage

Canada thistle

10 cm height

redroot pigweed

1 - 4 leaves

(top growth suppression only)**

round-leaved mallow

1 - 4 leaves

common chickweed

1 - 4 leaf pairs

scentless chamomile

up to 1 0 cm

hemp-nettle

1-3 leaf pairs

shepherd's-purse

1 - 6 leaves

kochia

up to 8 cm

volunteer barley**

1 4 leaves (maximum 2 tillers)

perennial sow-thistle

1 - 8 leaves

(suppression only)

quackgrass

1 - 4 leaves

volunteer wheat**

1 - 4 leaves (maximum 2 tillers)

(top growth suppression only)

wild buckwheat**

1 - 3 leaves

Use 1.35 L/ac for heavy populations. For control of volunteer barley, add Venture at 40 - 80 g/ac with recommended
adjuvant. For control of volunteer barley and wild oats, add Select at 26 mL/ac plus adjuvant recommended on the
Select label. For improved volunteer barley control, add Poast Ultra at 95 mL/ac plus Merge at 200 mL/ac using
45 L/ac water volume.

Apply Liberty at 1.35 L/ac

Weed

cleavers

dandelion

flixweed

hemp-nettle

Leaf stage

1 - 2 whorls
1 - 15 cm rosette
1 - 1 0 cm
1 - 4 leaf pairs

quackgrass (season-long control)

stork's-bill

wild oats

Leaf stage

1 - 4 leaves
1 - 3 leaves

1 - 4 leaves (maximum 2 tillers)

For control of volunteer barley and enhanced control of wild oats, add Select at 26 mL/ac plus adjuvant
recommended on Select label.

Apply Liberty at 1.62 L/ac

Canada thistle (better top growth suppression)
quackgrass (season-long control for heavy populations)

Leaf stage

1 0 cm height
1 - 4 leaves

180

Liberty 150 SIM (cont'd)

Rate:

Desiccation use

Alfalfa Apply Liberty at 1 .08 L/ac

Lentils Apply Liberty at 810 ml/ac - 1 .08 L/ac (use the higher rate when the canopy is dense and/or there are higher

populations of weeds present at application
Potatoes Apply Liberty at 1.21 L/ac

Second application: A second application of Liberty can be made to fields treated initially if new weed
germination or growth is present. Apply when the new weed growth is in the correct leaf stage and up to the
early bolting stage of canola growth. Apply at a rate of 0.8 - 1.35 L/ac in the second application.

Water volume: Ground: Minumum of 45 L/ac of water. Air: Minimum of 22 L/ac of water, when used
post-emergent in Glufosinate tolerant canola. Apply Liberty in a minimum of 13 - 22 L/ac of water when
used for desiccation.

Pressure: 275 kPa (310 kPa if check valves used).

Nozzles: Only 110° or 80° flat fan recommended for optimum spray coverage and canopy penetration.
Application of the spray at a 45° angle forward will result in better spray coverage. Do not use flood jet
nozzles, controlled droplet application equipment or air-assisted spray equipment.
Uniform, thorough spray coverage is important to achieve consistent weed control.

Mixing instructions:

Liberty:

1. Fill tank within one-half the amount of clean water.

2. Add the correct amount of Liberty.

3. Add the remaining amount of water, begin agitation and spray out immediately.

Liberty and Select: Liberty Link canola only. When tank mixing Liberty and Select, always add Amigo
adjuvant to the tank first, then add Liberty to the tank followed by Select.

1. Thoroughly clean the sprayer by flushing the system with water containing detergent.

2. Fill clean spray tank half full with clean water. Start agitation system.

3. Add the required amount of Amigo adjuvant to the tank. Continue to agitate until thoroughly mixed.

4. Stop agitation. Add the correct amount of Liberty to the spray tank. Start agitation system.

5. Add the correct amount of Select along with the remaining amount of water necessary to fill the spray
tank.

6. Continue to agitate or run the by-pass system and spray out immediately.

7. After any break in the spraying operation, agitate thoroughly before spraying again. Check inside the tank
to ensure that sprayer agitation is sufficient to remix the spray materials. Do not allow the mixture to sit
overnight.

8. If an oil film starts to build-up in the tank, drain it and clean tank with strong detergent solution.

9. Immediately after use, thoroughly clean the sprayer by flushing the system with clean water containing
detergent.

Note: Ensure that all circuits (pipes, booms, etc.) have the correct Liberty/water concentration before
application is started.

Note: The addition of an anti-foaming agent may reduce foaming, especially when using soft water.
Sprayer cleanup: Before and after using Liberty, always complete a thorough cleaning of the spray tank,
lines and filter. Spray equipment should be thoroughly rinsed using a strong detergent solution.

8. Application Tips: For best results, apply to emerged, young actively growing weeds. Weeds that emerge
after application will not be controlled. Liberty will have an effect on weeds larger than the recommended
leaf stage; however, speed of activity and control may be reduced.

181

Herbicides

Liberty 150 SN (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Liberty works primarily as a contact herbicide. Thorough coverage of the weeds to be
controlled is essential. Absorbed by all leaf and stem surfaces. Interferes with plants’ ability to detoxify
ammonia. The speed of action of Liberty is influenced by environmental factors. At cool temperatures (below
10°C), poor moisture and low humidity, speed of action may be reduced.

1 0. Expected Results: Generally visual symptoms appear 2 - 4 days after application. When a rate range is
given, the higher rate should be used:

1. When weed or crop growth is dense.

2. When the weeds are large and/or mature - i.e. advanced leaf stages and plant height.

3. When environmental conditions are cool and dry.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rainfall occurs within 4 hours of application, effectiveness may be reduced.

12. Movement in Soil: Liberty breaks down rapidly in the soil, which will effectively limit soil movement.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; sufficient data are not available to
support such use. There are no cropping or rotational restrictions after application.

14. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ (male rats) = 2,270 mg/kg; female rats = 1,730 mg/kg. Moderate dermal irritant.
No allergic potential.

1 5. Precautions, First Aid: Keep out of reach of children and animals. This product may cause eye irritation.
Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined
nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron
and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow
directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Workers
should not enter treated canola fields within 24 hours of treatment. Workers who must enter field within this
time period should wear long sleeved shirt, long pants and chemical resistant gloves.

1 6. Storage: Do not store below freezing. If stored for one year or longer, shake well before using.

17. Resistance Management: Liberty 150 SN is a Group lO herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Liberty 150 SN and other Group 10 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Lontrel (clopyralid)

Manufacturer; Dow AgroSciences Canada inc.

Group 4

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Solution; 360 g/L; 4.45 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Canola: Hoe-Grass 284, Poast Ultra; Flax: MCPA (Amine or Ester), Poast Ultra, Poast
Ultra -I- MCPA (Amine), Fusion, Select; Oats: MCPA (Amine or Ester); Wheat and barley: 2,4-D or MCPA
(Amine or Ester), Refine Extra -I- MCPA Ester 500, Refine Extra -I- 2,4-D Ester 600. CLEARFIELD Canola:
Odyssey; Wheat (spring only, not durum) : Triumph Plus; Gl)rphosate Tolerant Canola: Roundup Original/
Transorb, Vantage and Vantage Plus.

Mixing restrictions: Add 1/2 amount of water to tank, add Lontrel, add more water, add other herbicide,
then add remaining amount of water. Mix order with Refine Extra or Odyssey: Add Refine Extra or
Odyssey herbicide, then Lontrel, then other herbicides, surfactant last.

182

Lontrel (cont'd)

3. Crops:

altari wild ryegrass
barley
cabbage
canola

creeping red fescue
crested wheat grass
* Forage production only.

flax

intermediate wheat grass
Kentucky bluegrass
meadow fescue
meadow foxtail
non-crop farmland

oats

orchard grass
reed canary grass
Russian wild ryegrass
slender wheat grass
smooth bromegrass

Underseeding: Not recommended for forage legumes.

sugar beets

summerfallow

tall fescue

tall wheat grass*

timothy

wheat

4. Weeds Controlled: Alsike clover, Canada thistle (7.2), common groundsel, golden rod, perennial sow-thistle
(7.0) (top growth control), scentless chamomile, tufted vetch, volunteer alfalfa, wild buckwheat (6.5).

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (top control only at 170 mL/ac rate), ox-eye daisy, sorrel.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Canola: 2 - 6 leaf stage. Flax: 5 - 10 cm high. Forage grasses: Seedling: 2 - 4 leaf stage.
Established: Shot blade or in fall after harvest or early spring. Sugar beets: Cotyledon to 8 leaf stage.
Wheat, barley and oats: 3 leaf to flag leaf stages. When tank mixed with 2,4-D or MCPA, observe timing
on their respective labels.

Weed stage: Canada thistle: rossette to prebud stage and actively growing; other susceptiable weeds at
appropriate seedling stage and actively growing.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Crop

Barley, oats,
wheat

113 mL/ac + MCPA or
2,4-D Amine or Ester
170 mL/ac + MCPA or
2,4-D Amine or Ester
85 ml/ac 4- 8 g/ac Refine Extra
340 mL/ac MCPA Ester 500**
or

85 mt/ac + 8 g/ac Refine Extra +
283 ml/ac 2,4-D Ester 600**

Weeds controited

Canada thistle (top growth; 6 - 8 weeks) + MCPA or
2,4-D susceptible weeds.

Canada thistle (season-long control) + MCPA or 2,4-D
susceptible weeds.

Lady's-thumb, perennial sow-thistle (top growth control),
stinkweed, volunteer canola, wild buckwheat, wild mustard.
Seasonal control of Canada thistle and suppression of
cleavers.

Note; Refer to MCPA or 2,4-D Ester labels for additional
weeds.

Canada thistle (top growth; 6 - 8 weeks).

Canada thistle (season-long control).

1 70 mL/ac
227 mL/ac

Do not apply 2,4-D on oats due to probability of crop injury.

Do not use these tank mixes on oats. Mix order: Refine Extra, then Lontrel, then MCPA or 2,4-D, then surfactant.
When tank mixing with 2,4-D or MCPA, refer to rate and weeds controlled on respective labels.

Cabbage

202 ml/ac in 120 L/ac water volume

(continued}

183

Herbicides

Lontrel (cont'd)

(continued)

Crop

Woods controlled

Canola (seedling 170mL/ac

and established), 227 mL/ac

grasses,

non-crop farmland

and summerfallow* 336 mL/ac

* On non-crop farmland and summerfallow, 336 ml/ac rate only

Canada thistle (top growth control) for 6 - 8 weeks.
Canada thistle (season-long control), common groundsel,
perennial sow-thistle (top growth control), .
scentless chamomile, wild buckwheat.

Canada thistle (season-long control and suppression into
following season), common groundsel, perennial sow-
thistle (top growth control), scentless chamomile,
wild buckwheat.

CLEARFIELD canola

1 70 mL/ac -t- Odyssey
227 mL/ac + Odyssey

Canada thistle top growth (6 - 8 weeks),

Canada thistle (season-long control).

Note; See Odyssey label for other weeds controlled.

Glyphosate tolerant
canola

113 miyac + 506 mL/ac
Roundup Original, Transorb,
Vantage or Vantage Plus

Season-long top growth control of Canada thistle,
dandelions and perennial sowthistle < 1 5 cm. Control of
wild buckwheat. Suppression of dandelion >15 cm.
Note: See Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb,
Vantage/Vantage Plus labels for other weeds controlled.

Flax

170 mL/ac -i- MCPA Amine
or Ester
227 mL/ac

336 mL/ac

Canada thistle (top growth control) 4 MCPA susceptible
weeds.

Canada thistle (season-long control), common groundsel,
perennial sow-tiiistle (top growth control), scentless
chamomile, wild buckwheat.

Canada thistle (season-long control and suppression into
the following year), common groundsel, perennial sow-
thistle (top growth control), scentless chamomile,
wild buckwheat.

Sugar beets

227 - 336 mL/ac

Canada thistle.

Renovation one
application per year

336 miyac

Canada thistle (season-long and suppression into the
following year), ox-eye daisy, sheep sorrel, tufted vetch.

Water volume: 40 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles preferred.

8. Application Tips: Do not use products containing 2,4-D on oats due to probability of crop injury. Rates of
MCPA Ester of 170 g active ingredients/ac or higher, or MCPA Amine of 200 g active ingredient/ac may
cause some delay in maturity of flax resulting in yield reduction. Make sure the sprayer tank has been
thoroughly cleaned before Lontrel is mixed. Treat crops during warm weather when weeds are actively
growing. Best results are obtained when Canada thistle is actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for
rapid growth. Under cool or dry conditions, control of Canada thistle may be severely reduced, sow-thistle
plants emerging after spraying will not be controlled. Where contact herbicides are used, such as
bromoxymil, that damage the leaves of the Canada thistle, apply Lontrel 14 days prior or after an interval of
14 days, which allows Canada thistle to recover and resume growth.

184

Lontrel (cont'd)

! Forage grasses: For control of the weeds listed on the label plus alsike clover, apply Lontrel at the rate of
170 - 336 mL/ac in 45 - 90 L/ac of water. Make one application per season by ground sprayer. For seedling
grasses, apply at the 3 leaf stage and beyond. For established grasses, apply in the fall after harvest or early
I ^ spring.

9. How it Works: Clopyralid is a systemic, hormone-type herbicide. It is absorbed by leaf and stem surfaces
i and is readily translocated. Maximum efficacy results from foliar application to young actively growing
plants.

1 0. Expected Results: Herbicide symptoms on affected plants include swollen growing points and roots,
cupping of leaves, twisted and distorted stems and leaves. Plants will gradually stop growing and change

' colour, first to dark green and then to yellow before turning brown as they die. Maximum effectiveness
I results from foliar applications to young actively growing plants. Death of weeds may not occur until

j 14-21 days after application. With the lowest rate of Lontrel on Canada thistle, some regrowth may occur

I by the end of the season, but this will not interfere with harvesting of the crop.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 4 - 6 hours is required.

1 12. Movement in Soil: Clopyralid is somewhat soluble in water but is generally not mobile in soil under typical
prairie conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

I Drift: Small amounts of drift may damage sensitive plants such as legumes.

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Lontrel can be seeded to barley, canola, forage grasses, flax,
mustard, oats, rye, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed to crops other than those listed above for at least

I' one year after treatment.

Use of straw and manure from treated crops: Lontrel residues in straw may be harmful to
susceptible plants. Do not use straw from treated crops for composting or mulching on susceptible broadleaf
I crops. Manure can be spread on fields that will be seeded to barley, flax, oats, canola (rapeseed), rye or
wheat. Do not grow susceptible crops such as peas, beans, lentils, potatoes, sunflowers or other sensitive
crops on land that has been mulched with straw containing Lontrel 360 residues within the last 12 months.
Grazing restrictions: Crops or areas treated with this product may be grazed immediately following
treatment. Sugar beets - Do not apply within 90 days of harvest. Strawberry - RH.I. = 200 days.

Other restrictions: Sugar beet pre-harvest interval is 90 days. Strawberry pre-harvest interval is
I 200 days.

114. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LC^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg.

Acute oral LD^^ (bees) = >100 )U,g/bee. Extremely low toxicity to fish.

.15. Precautions, First Aid: Flammable. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls,
j brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for
j further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: store away from food, feedstuffs, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides, fungicides or other pesticides. Store
in heated storage away from open flames or sparks. If frozen, warm slowly to room temperature and mix
1 thoroughly before use.

17. Resistance Management: Lontrel is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
i plants naturally resistant to Lontrel and other Group 10 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the

t weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that

I are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
I exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

185

Lorox/Linuron 480 (linuron)

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; Lorox DF; 50%; 5.0, 10.0 kg jug; Dry Flowable, Toss-N-Go water soluble
pouches, 50%, 2.0, 2.5 kg bag. Linuron 480, 480 g/L, lOL jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Estemine MCPA, MCPA Amine 500 (barley, oats, spring wheat); MCPA K-salt (barley,
spring wheat); Target (refer to Target label for application rates) (barley, durum wheat, spring wheat).

Mix instructions:

1. Fill tank with 1/4 required amount of water.

2. Turn on full agitation.

3. Add the required number of Lorox DF Toss-N-Go pouches. Maintain full agitation until pouches are
completely dissolved and product is fully dispersed.

4. Continue filling tank with water and add tank mix partners (if applicable) in the following sequence:

- dry formulations,

- liquid formulations,

- emulsifiable concentrates and surfactants.

5. Continue with full agitation.

6. On repeat tank loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the tank from the previous load is
less than 10% of the volume to be mixed.

3. Crops:

Lorox/Linuron 480

apple cherry field corn (6.5) plum

asparagus (8.7) established fruit trees* pear potatoes (8.7)

carrots (8.2) established shelterbelts**

Lorox/Linuron 480 + MCPA Amine 500 (on cereals, do not use Lorox/Linuron alone)

barley (8.6) durum wheat (8.2) oats (8.9) Saskatoon berry spring wheat (8.2)

established - stock established at least 1 year.

" Apple, cherry, pear, plum.

** American elm, caragana, Colorado spruce, green ash, Manitoba maple, poplar, Scotch pine, Siberian elm, white
spruce, willow.

Lorox DF

carrots (8.2)

potatoes (8.7)

soybeans

4. Weeds Controlled:

Lorox/Linuron 480 (in crops other than cereals greater than 400 g/ac)

annual sow-thistle
barnyard grass (8.3)
common chickweed (9.0)
goosefoot (8.4)

knotweed

lamb's-quarters (7.9)
purslane (8.4)
ragweed

redroot pigweed (7.9)
shepherd's-purse
smartweeds (9.0)

stinkweed (8.5)
wild buckwheat (8.5)
wormseed mustard (8.9)

Lorox/Linuron 480 + MCPA Amine 500 (in cereals 210 g/ac)

common chickweed (7.4)
corn spurry
cow cockle (6.8)
flixweed

hemp-nettle (7.5)
lamb's-quarters (8.9)
ragweed

redroot pigweed (7.8)

shepherd's-purse
smartweeds (7.0)
stinkweed (8.9)

stork's-bill

tartary buckwheat (7.9)
wild buckwheat (7.5)

Underseeding: Forages not recommended.

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Lorox/Linuron 480: Green foxtail (6.7), yellow foxtail.

Lorox/Linuron 480 + MCPA: Canada thistle (4.7), green foxtail, yellow foxtail.

186

Lorox/Linuron 480 (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Crop stage:

Asparagus: Immediately after discing, before crop emergence; may be repeated after last cutting.
Carrots: Pre-emergent; after planting (at least 1 cm deep) but before crop emergence. Post-emergent; 2 or
more fully developed true leaves (8 - 15 cm tall). Before annual grasses 5 cm tall, broadleaf weeds 15 cm
tall. Pre- + post-emergent; observe limitations of pre- and post-emergent treatments. To prevent crop injury,
treatments must be at least 2 weeks apart.

Cereals: 2 - 4 leaf. Must be tank mixed with MCPA Amine when applying on wheat, oats and barley or
MCPA K-salt when applying to wheat and barley. Do not use Lorox/Linuron 480 alone on cereals.
Corn: Lorox L; post-emergent, after corn is at least 38 cm tall, directed spray. Atrazine 80W mix; pre-
emergent, after planting at least 5 cm deep but before crop emergence. Do not spray over top of corn.
Potatoes: Pre-emergent; after planting (at least 5 cm deep) but before crop emergence. Before grassy
weeds 5 cm tall, broadleaf weeds 15 cm tall. Treat after final hilling operation.

Chemical fallow: Sweep -I- MCPA mix; when broadleaf weeds small and actively growing, annual grasses
2 - 4 leaf. Only one application per season. Apply only in spring.

Fruit trees (established at least 10 years, peach 1 year): Directed spray under trees and bushes
before buds open and before weeds 10 cm tall.

Shelterbelts (established): Stock planted for at least 1 year; directed spray under trees and bushes
before buds open in spring, before weeds 10 cm tall.

Weed stage: Annual broadleaf weeds - 2 to 4 leaf stage; green foxtail: 1 - 3 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate:

Crop

Time (crop)

Lorox/Linuron 480 (t/ac)

Tank mix

Asparagus

Pre-emergent

1.4 - 1.8

NA*

Barley, oats, spring wheat

2 - 4 leaf

0.17 - 0.22

MCPA Amine 500; 345 - 445 mL/ac

Barley, spring wheat

2 - 4 leaf

0.17 - 0.22

MCPA K-salt; 405 - 567 ml/ac

Carrots

Pre-emergent

0.45-1.37

Post-emergent

0.91-1.82

Pre -1- post-emergent

0.45-0.91:0.91 - 1.82

.'iS

Corn (2% or less soil O.M.)

Pre-emergent

0.91

Atrazine 80 W; 610 g/ac

(2 - 5% soil O.M.)

Pre-emergent

1.3

Atrazine 80 W; 910 g/ac

Post-emergent

0.97 - 1.82

Oil - water emulsion

Fruit trees

Spring

Surfactant

Potatoes

Pre-emergent

0.91 - 1.82

Shelterbelts (established)

Spring

'■ NA - Not Applicable.

Crop

1tm« (crp|pi /

Lorox DF (kg/ac)

Tank mix

Barley, oats, spring wheat

Post-emergent

0.16 - 0.21

MCPA Amine 500; 345 - 445 mDac

Barley, spring wheat

Post-emergent

0.16 - 0.21

MCPA K-salt; 405 - 567 ml/ac

Carrots

Pre-emergent

Post-emergent

Pre ■+■ post-emergent

0.4 -0.9; 0.9 -1.8

Potatoes

Pre-emergent

0.9 - 1 .8 kg/ac

187

Herbicides

Lorox/Linuron 480 (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Water volume: Asparagus, potatoes: 120 L/ac. Carrots: 90 - 135 L/ac. Cereals: 40 L/ac minimum.

Corn: pre-emergent 90 - 135 L/ac; post-emergent 70 - 140 L/ac. Fruit trees: 160 - 240 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended. 50 mesh line strainers and screens.

Incorporation: Not applicable.

Must be tank mixed with MCPA Amine when appl3ring to wheat, oats and barley or
MCPA K-salt when applying to wheat and barley.

Application Tips: Do not use on sandy or coarse-textured soils, low in organic matter, as crop
injury may result. Do not use when crops are under drought stress. Fruit trees: avoid contact with fruit,
foliage and green bark with spray or drift as injury may result.

How it Works: A systemic herbicide absorbed by leaves and roots. Yellowing (chlorosis), stunting and finally
death occurs 10-14 days after treatment.

Expected Results:

Weeds: Yellowing starts 7 - 10 days after application. Effect greatest under excellent growing conditions.
Weed control will vary depending on species, time of application and growing conditions.

Crop: A slight yellowing of crop, leaf tip and leaf margin burn may be seen 7-10 days after application.
Crop recovers within 14 - 18 days. Crop injury can occur if applied during period of high heat.

Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall within 2 hours may decrease activity. Pre-emergent treatment requires
rainfall or irrigation for activation. Carrots, corn or potatoes may be severely injured if unusually heavy rains
follow application.

Movement in Soil: Movement by leaching is least in soils high in clay and/or organic matter; greatest in
sand.

Cropping Restrictions: Do not apply post-emergent corn treatment within 60 days of harvest.

25% carryover into next growing season if rates are 1.8 L/ac or higher.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data available to support such
use.

Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 4,000 mg/kg. Very toxic to fish.
Non-toxic to bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Lorox/Linuron 480: Store in a heated area. Do not freeze as settling may occur. If frozen,
thoroughly mix to resuspend. Lorox DF: Store in a dry place.

Note: Similar product is Afolan F.

Resistance Management: Lorox/Linuron 480 is a Group 7 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Lorox/Linuron 480 and other Group 7 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

188

MCPA (Amine, Ester, K and Na-salts)

Group 4

Manufactufer: Numerous Manufacturers

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations:

Liquid: MCPA Amine (500, 80), Estemine MCPA; 500 g/L; 2 x 10 Ljugs. MCPA Potassium (K) salt:
MCPA K-salt; 400 g/L.

Emulsifiable concentrate: MCPA Ester (500, 80); 500 g/L.

Solution: Sodium (Na) salt: MCPA Na-salt 300 g/L. 2 x 10 L, 20 L containers.

Solventless Ester: SEE MCPA.

2. Registered Mixes: Tank mix crops in brackets. Check the labels.

MCPA Amine: Afolan F (barley, oats, wheat); Banvel (barley, canary seed, oats, spring rye, wheat);
Buctril M (barley, oats, wheat); Hoe-Grass II (barley: not Betzes or Klages, spring rye, triticale, wheat);
Lorox L (barley, oats, wheat); NaTA (barley, flax, oats, peas); Sencor (wheat); Sweep (chemical fallow);
Pardner (barley, oats, wheat).

MCPA Ester: Avenge (barley, canary seed. Avenge wheat varieties); Avenge + Pardner (barley. Avenge
wheat varieties); [Buctril M, Hoe-Grass II (see Amine)]; Stampede 360 (wheat); [Sweep, Pardner (see
Amine)], Poast Ultra (flax).

MCPA K-salt: Banvel, Buctril M, Lorox L, Pardner.

MCPA Na-salt: Buctril M.

Note: Some formulations can be mixed with liquid fertilizers (28-0-0).

Mixing restrictions: Ensure that the proper formulation of MCPA, rate and order of mixing are used
when tank mixing.

3. Crops:

MCPA Amine

asparagus
barley (8.7)
corn

durum wheat
fall rye
MCPA Ester
asparagus
barley (8.0)
durum wheat
fall rye

Underseeding: Do not use on crops underseeded to legumes.

field peas (7.8)

flax (8.0)

grasses (estab.)

hard red spring wheat (8.7)

non-crop areas

flax

grasses (estab.)

hard red spring wheat (8.7)

oats (9.0)

pasture grass (estab.)
processing peas
rangeland

non-crop areas
oats (9.0)

pasture grass (estab.)

red clover (seedling, estab.)
spring rye
turf (estab.)
winter wheat (8.9)

rangeland
spring rye
winter wheat (8.9)

MCPA K-salt

barley

durum wheat

flax

oats

winter wheat

corn

fall rye

hard red spring wheat spring rye

MCPA Na-salt

barley

field peas (7.8)

oats

turf (estab.)

corn

flax

pasture grass (estab.)

winter wheat

durum wheat

hard red spring wheat

processing peas

fall rye

non-crop areas

spring rye

(estab.) = established

189

Herbicides

MCPA (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

MCPA Amine - Group 1

ball mustard

giant ragweed

Russian pigweed

vetch

burdock

hare's-ear mustard

shepherd's-purse

wild mustard (8.5)

cocklebur

Indian mustard

stinkweed (7.5)

wild radish

common ragweed

kochia

sweet clover

wild sunflower

false ragweed

lamb's-quarters (7.2)

thyme-leaved spurge

wormseed mustard

flixweed (7.1)

prickly lettuce

tumble mustard

Group II

American dragonhead

field peppergrass

pineappleweed

tall buttercup

bluebur

hairy galinsoga

purslane

tansy mustard

common peppergrass

oak-leaved goosefoot

redroot pigweed (6.5) tumble pigweed

dog mustard

MCPA Ester - Group 1

ball mustard

giant ragweed

Russian pigweed

vetch

burdock

hare's-ear mustard

shepherd's-purse

wild mustard (5.7)

cocklebur

Indian mustard

stinkweed (8.3)

wild radish

common ragweed

kochia

sweet clover

wild sunflower

false ragweed

lamb's-quarters (8.4)

tumble mustard

wormseed mustard

flixweed

prickly lettuce

Group II

bluebur

dog mustard

hairy galinsoga

purslane

common peppergrass

field peppergrass

oak-leaved goosefoot

tansy mustard

MCPA K-salt - Group 1

ball mustard

flixweed

lamb's-quarters (8.5)

tumble mustard

bluebur

giant ragweed

prickly lettuce

wild mustard

burdock

hare's-ear mustard

Russian pigweed

wild radish

cocklebur

Indian mustard

shepherd's-purse

wild sunflower

common ragweed

kochia

stinkweed (8.3)

wormseed mustard

false ragweed

Group II

annual smartweed

curled dock

field peppergrass

purslane

annual sow-thistle

dandelion

goat's-beard

redroot pigweed

biennal wormwood

dog mustard

prostrate pigweed

tansy mustard

MCPA Na-salt - Group 1

ball mustard

flixweed

prickly lettuce

wild mustard

burdock

giant ragweed

Russian pigweed

wild radish

cocklebur

hare's-ear mustard

shepherd's-purse

wild sunflower

common ragweed

Indian mustard

stinkweed (8.3)

wormseed mustard

false ragweed

lamb's-quarters (8.5)

tumble mustard

Group II

annual smartweed

dog mustard

peppergrass

spear-leaved goosefoot

bluebur

goat's-beard

purslane

tall buttercup

curled dock

hairy galinsoga

redroot pigweed

tansy mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: (includes top growth control)

MCPA Amine - Group I

field horsetail

Group II

annual smartweed (4.3)
annual sow-thistle
biennial wormwood
blue lettuce
Canada thistle (5.8)

common plantain

curled dock
dandelion
field bindweed
goat's-beard

gumweed
hedge blindweed
hemp-nettle (4.2)
hoary cress

leafy spurge
perennial sow-thistle
tartary buckwheat
wild buckwheat (3.6)

190

MCPA (cont'd)

MCPA Ester - Group 1

field horsetail

common plantain

Group II

annual smartweeds

curled dock

hedge bindweed

perennial sow-thistles

annual sow-thistle

dandelion

hemp-nettle (5.8)

redroot pigweed (4.4)

biennial wormwood

field bindweed

hoary cress

tartary buckwheat (4.3)

blue lettuce

goat's-beard

leafy spurge

wild buckwheat (4.7)

Canada thistle (4.5)

gumweed

MCPA K-salt - Group 1

field horsetail

vetch

Group II

blue lettuce

goosefoot

hemp-nettle

perennial sow-thistle

Canada thistle

gumweed

hoary cress

tartary buckwheat

field bindweed

hedge bindweed

leafy spurge

wild buckwheat

MCPA Na-salt - Group 1

field horsetail

Group II

annual sow-thistle

field bindweed

hemp-nettle

Russian knapweed

biennial wormwood

goosefoot

hoary cress

tartary buckwheat

blue lettuce

gumweed

leafy spurge

wild buckwheat

Canada thistle

hedge bindweed

perennial sow-thistle

6. When Used:

Crop

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

MCPA K-Sait

MCPA Na Salt

Asparagus

After cultivation just
before spears appear.
May repeat at end of
cutting season.

Barley, rye,

3 leaf expanded to

spring wheat

early flag leaf; milk
stage to full maturity.

early flag leaf.

Corn

Before 15 cm tall;
after 15 cm,
directed spray.

Before 1 5 cm tall;
after 1 5 cm,
directed spray.

Fall rye.

Before flag leaf in

winter wheat

spring.

Field peas,
processing peas

2 - 5 nodes.

Flax

5 cm to early pre-bud.

Oats

Up to flag leaf.

2 - 6 leaves.

Up to flag leaf.

(continued)

191

Herbicides

MCPA (cont'd)

{continued}

Crop

Red clover
(for seed)

(estab.)

Seedling red clover
for forage

Seedling red clover
for seed

MCPA Amine

Breaking of
dormancy in spring
up to 7.5 cm.

1 - 3 trifoliate
in year of
establishment.

1 - 3 trifoliate stage.

(estab.) = established

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

MCPA Ester

MCPA K-Salt

MCPA Na Sait

Rate: MCPA alone. MCPA rate for tank mixes may be different.

Crop

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

MCPA K-salt

MCPA Na-salt

Asparagus

Barley, oats, rye, wheat

1.4 l/ac

1.4 L/ac

NRF*

NRF

(not underseeded)
(Group 1 weeds)

280 - 445 mL/ac

280 - 445 ml/ac

375 - 505 ml/ac

485 - 710 ml/ac

(Group II weeds)

505 - 710 mL/ac

505 - 710 ml/ac

610 -810 ml/ac

810 - 1200 ml/ac

Corn

Up to 445 ml/ac

NRF

505 ml/ac

Up to 705 ml/ac

Flax

Up to 445 mL/ac

Up to 445 ml/ac

605 - 850 ml/ac

Up to 705 ml/ac

IMon-crop areas

1.0 -2.0 l/ac

1.6 l/ac

NRF

Up to 2.85 l/ac

Pasture, rangeland, turf

1.1 - 1.7 l/ac

0.6 - 1.1 l/ac

NRF

Up to 2.85 l/ac

Peas

135 - 220 ml/ac

NRF

380 - 505 ml/ac

Red clover

225 ml/ac

(seedling & estab.)

* NRF - No Recommendation Found.

Rate: MCPA used in tank mixes, if different from MCPA rate alone. Check the labels before
you mix.

Tank mix

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

MCPA K-salt

MCPA Na-salt

Buctril M

223 ml/ac

278 ml/ac

Hoe-Grass 11

28 ml/ac

* NR - Not Recommended.

Water volume: Aircraft: 12 L/ac minimum. Ground: 40 L/ac.
Peas: 70 L/ac minimum (Amine), 60 L/ac minimum (Na-salt).
Pasture, rangeland, turf: 180 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 235 kPa or less; Ground: 200 - 275 kPa.
Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

192

MCPA (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Recommendations vary from label to label, read label of product used. Do

not spray when air temperature is above 27°C. Extremely hard water may reduce performance or cause
problems in spraying the product. Do not use on bentgrasses. Always use recommended volume of water
when applying on peas to avoid crop damage.

9. How it Works: A systemic, absorbed by leaf and stem surfaces and translocated to the actively growing
regions. MCPA disrupts cell division, causing abnormal growth response, thereby affecting respiration and
food reserves.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Weeds start to twist between 2 - 20 days after spraying, depending on weather conditions,
formulation and weeds. Following the twisting and bending, plants will turn brown and then die. Only
^ emerged weeds will be controlled.

Crops: Yellowing and thinning of the crop may be noticed if higher than recommended rates are used.
Poor resultsmay occur if extremely hard water is used or incorrect rate of MCPA is used in tank mixes.
|11. Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 2 hours of application will decrease activity.
j12. Movement in Soil: Readily leached from soil. Longer residual in dry soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

f Drift: Danger from drift with Amine and salts is lower than from Esters.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or cut for greenfeed until 7 days after spraying. Seedling red clover
j for forage: Do not graze or cut for green feed in the first year.

14. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 700 - 880 mg/kg. Low
toxicity to fish. May cause burns upon contact with skin and eyes, and it can be absorbed through the skin.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard

’ hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
I waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further

I information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: If frozen, warm to 5°C and mix well before using.

!17. Resistance Management: MCPA is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to MCPA and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
I weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Mecoprop/Compitox (mecoprop)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; Compitox; 150 g/L; 4 L, 8 L containers, Mecoprop; 150 g/L; 10 L containers.

2. Registered Mixes: MCPA for turf only.

3. Crops: Barley (9.0), durum wheat (8.7), lawns, oats, spring wheat (8.7), turf.

Underseeding: Not recommended.

193

Herbicides

Mecoprop/Compitox (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

black medic (Mecoprop only)

buttercup

chickweed (7.6)

cleavers

corn spurry (7.3)
ground ivy

lamb's-quarters

plantain

volunteer clover
wild mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (top growth control) (4.6).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: 3 leaf to early flag leaf.

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf and mature plants.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate: Cereals: 2.2 - 2.8 1/ac. Lawns, turf: 2.2 - 3.4 L/ac. Low rate for seedling weeds. High rate for mature
weeds.

Water volume: Cereals: 80- 120 L/ac. Lawns, turf: 80- 160 L/ac.

Pressure: 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Recommended water volume is essential for optimum weed control. Cold weather and
drought may cause a delay in weed control action. Do not spray bentgrass when temperatures are above
27°C, particularly if high rates are used.

9. How it Works: A systemic that disrupts the plant’s translocation system causing the accumulation of plant
food in the shoots and subsequent starvation of the roots.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Leaf curling and stem twisting should be visible within 4 - 5 days after spraying. Weeds should be
dead within 3 - 4 weeks of application.

Crop: Deformed heads, missing florets and twisted awns could result if recommendations are not followed
or if crop is under stress conditions.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 4 - 6 hours will reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Readily leached from soils. Longer residual in dry soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Drift: Danger of vapour drift is low.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = 1,060 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store above 0°C. If stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using.

17. Resistance Management: Mecoprop/Compitox is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain
or develop plants naturally resistant to Mecoprop/Compitox and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

194

Muster (ethametsulfuron methyl)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Dry flowable: 75%; Toss-N-Go 320 grams, (4 x 80 gram) water soluble pouches.

2. Registered Mixes: Assure il, Poast ultra.

Suifactants: Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Citowett Plus, Super Spreader.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill tank with 1/2 - 3/4 amount of required water with agitator running.

2. Add the required amount of Muster and ensure it is completely in suspension.

3. Add remainder of water, then add surfactant. Continuous agitation is required.

4. For tank mixtures with Assure II or Poast Ultra: Ensure the Muster pouches have completely dissolved,
then add the required amount of Assure II or Poast Ultra with agitator running. Once the herbicide is
completely in suspension, slowly add the required amount of partner surfactant (Assure II/Sure-Mix,
Poast Ultra/Merge). Additional surfactant is not required.

3. Crops: Canola (spring), condiment mustard (Brown and Oriental mustards only).

4. Weeds Controlled:

6. When Used: Crop stage: Canola: 2 leaf to the beginning of bolting. Condiment mustards: 4 leaf to late
rosette stage.

Weed stage: Cotyledon to 6 leaf stage of the target weeds. Stinkweed: 1 - 4 leaf stage and actively
growing.

7. How to Apply:

with; Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Muster alone: 8 - 12 g/ac (apply with 2.0 L of surfactant in 1,000 L of spray volume). Not more than
8 g/ac on Brown or Oriental mustards.

Muster + Assure II: 8 - 12 g/ac + 0.15 - 0.2 L/ac + 5 L/1,000 L Sure-Mix. Do not apply in combination
with other pesticides.

Muster + Poast Ultra: 8 - 12 g/ac + 130 - 190 ml/ac. (Use surfactant as outlined on Poast Ultra label).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzle: Flat fan recommended. Use 50 mesh screens or larger (metal or nylon).

Muster 8 g/ac

flixweed (spring seedlings) (8.3)
green smartweed (7.3)

hemp-nettle (8.1)
wild mustard (8.0)

Muster 12 g/ac

flixweed green smartweed (7.7) wild mustard

hemp-nettle stinkweed (7.9*)

* Controlled at 8 g/ac of Muster when tank mixed with Assure II -I- Sure-Mix or Poast Ultra -I- Merge.

wild mustard

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Muster 8 g/ac stinkweed (7.1) Muster 12 g/ac redroot pigweed (7.0)

195

Herbicides

Muster (cont'd)

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Muster when cleaning equipment.

Drain tank and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually
inspect tank to assure removal of all visible residues of Muster. If necessary, repeat step 1.

Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum 3% ammonia)
per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water and ammonia
to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for 15 minutes
with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain tank.
Remove the nozzles and screens, and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.
Repeat Step 2.

Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: For optimum weed control, apply Muster at the cotyledon to 6 leaf stage of the target
weeds. For best control of stinkweed, apply Muster plus surfactant on actively growing emerged stinkweed in
the 1 - 4 leaf stage. When very high weed seedling population occurs, larger seedlings may interfere with
coverage of smaller seedlings and control may be reduced. Regrowth may also occur if crop competitiveness
is reduced by thin stands and/or reduced vigour.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots. Inhibits cell elongation.

1 0. Expected Results: Weed growth stops almost immediately. Poor results may be expected if improper
mixing, timing or coverage, or when weeds are under drought stress or moisture stress.

11. Effects of Rainfall: If rain occurs soon after application, control may be reduced. 4 - 6 hours of dry weather
are needed to allow Muster to be absorbed by weed foliage. Environmental conditions that slow the drying
of Muster on the foliage, such as high relative humidity, cool air temperature or cloud cover, may increase
the time required.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by finely textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral-to-acidic
conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Minimum crop rotation guidelines: Minimum interval is that from the last application of Muster to
date of planting the rotational crop.

Interval prior to planting (months after application):

10 months - spring wheat, durum wheat, barley, flax, oats.

22 months - alfalfa, canary grass, canola, drybeans, fababeans, fescue, lentils, peas, red clover, tame
mustard. All other crops, field bioassy at 22 months.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or feed crop to livestock within 60 days of treatment. Do not harvest
within 60 days of treatment.

* Wherever Muster is used on land previously treated with Ally herbicide, read the rotational guidelines on both labels
and follow the label with the longest interval stated for your situation.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammaliam toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

196

Muster (cont'd)

17. Resistance Management: Muster is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Muster and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Muster Gold II (quizalofop-p-ethyl +

ethametsulfuron methyl)

Group 1,2

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada tnc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

Muster (dry flowable): 75%; 320 grams, (4 x 80 grams) water soluble pouches.

Assure II (emulsifiable concentrate) : 96 g/L; 1 x 8 L -F 1 jug Merge (adjuvant) .

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Canola (spring).

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass green smartweed volunteer barley wild mustard

flixweed (spring seedlings) hemp-nettle volunteer wheat wild oats

green foxtail stinkweed

5. Weeds Suppressed: Quackgrass at 200 mL/ac rate.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: 2 leaf to the beginning of bolting.

Weed stage: Annual grasses: 2 leaf to early tillering stage. Wild oats: prior to tillering.

Quackgrass: 2 - 6 leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds: cotyledon to 6 leaf stage Stinkweed: 1 - 4 leaf stage and
actively growing.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Assure II 200 mL/ac -f- Muster 8 g/ac plus 5 L of Merge per 1,000 litres spray solution.

Water volume: Minimum of 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Do not use flood jet nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill tank 1/2 - 3/4 amount of required water with agitator running.

2. Add the required amount of Muster and ensure it is completely in suspension.

3. Add required amount of Assure II and continue agitating.

4. Add remainder of water, then add the Merge (adjuvant). Continuous agitation is required.

197

Herbicides

Muster Gold II (cont'd)

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Muster when cleaning equipment.

1. Drain tank and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually
inspect the tank to assure removal of all visible residues of Muster. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, then add more water and
ammonia to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for
15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, booms and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain
the tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately in bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Best results on wild oats if application is made prior to tillering. For optimum control,
apply Muster Gold II at the cotyledon to 6 leaf stage of the target broadleaf weeds. For stinkweed, apply
Muster Gold II when actively growing: 1 - 4 leaf stage. When very high weed seedling population occurs,
larger seedlings may interfere with coverage of smaller seedlings, and control may be reduced. Regrowth
may also occur if crop competitiveness is reduced by thin stands and/or reduced vigour. Do not apply Muster
Gold II to plants stressed by severe conditions such as drought, low fertility, saline soils, waterlogged soils,
disease or insect damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Assure II is a systemic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed and readily translocated from the
treated foliage to the root system and growing points of the plant. Muster is absorbed by the foliage and
roots. Inhibits cell elongation.

I - 3 weeks, depending on the grass species treated and the environmental conditions. Poor results may
be expected if there is improper mixing, timing or coverage, or when weeds are under stress.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: If rainfall occurs soon after application, control may be reduced. Four to six hours of dry
weather are needed to allow Muster Gold II to be absorbed by weed foliage. Environmental conditions that
slow the drying of Muster Gold II on the foliage, such as high relative humidity, cool air temperature or
cloud cover, may increase the time required.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by finely textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral to acidic
conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Minimum crop rotation guidelines: Minimum interval is that from the last application of Muster Gold

II to the date of planting the rotational crop.

Interval prior to planting (months after application) :

10 months - spring wheat, durum wheat, barley, flax, oats.

22 months - alfalfa, canary grass, canola, drybeans, fababeans, fescue, lentils, peas, red clover, tame
mustard.

All other crops, field bioassay at 22 months.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated fields or harvest for forage or hay. Do not harvest within
64 days of treatment.

* Wherever Muster is used on land previously treated with Ally herbicide, read the rotational guidelines on both labels
and follow the label with the longest interval stated for your situation.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LDg^ (rats) >5,000 mg/kg. May irritate eyes, nose,
throat and skin.

198

Muster Gold II (cont'd)

1 15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
1 hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention,
j 1 6» Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, but not below 5°C.

1 7. Resistance Management: Muster Gold II is both a Group l and a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Muster Gold II and other Group 1 and 2 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
, field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38-42).

]

I Nortron (ethofumesate)

Group 16

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

1. Formulations: Suspension concentrate: 480 g/L; 10 L jug.

I 2. Registered Mixes: Ro-Neet, Pyramin.

I 3. Crops: Sugar beets.

|; 4. Weeds Controlled:

I barnyard grass lamb's-quarters redroot volunteer oats

I I foxtail pigweed shepherd's-purse volunteer wheat

! i kochia purslane volunteer barley wild oats

I lady's-thumb

I 5. Weeds Suppressed: Black nightshade, Russian thistle, wild buckwheat.

1 6. When Used: Nortron may be fall-layered, spring-applied before planting and pre-emergence.

7. How to Apply:

' with: Ground equipment.

I Rate: Dependent upon soil type - 1.3 L - 3.3 L per acre broadcast; 0.4 - 1.13 L per acre applied on an 18 cm
i band/ 55 cm row.

I Norton -H Pyramin tank mix: For medium textured soils (silt and clay loams with <3% organic matter)

I 1.48 L/ac Nortron -f- 2.12 L/ac Pyramin broadcast basis; or 0.48 L/ac Nortron •+■ 0.7 L/ac Pyramin applied

I on an 18 cm band/55 cm row. Note: This tank mix is not recommended on light textured soils (sands,

loamy sands and sandy loams) .

Water volume: 44 - 222 litres per acre.

i Pressure: Apply Nortron to the soil using standard low pressure (150 - 350 kPa) spray equipment.

1 Nozzles: Do not use smaller than 50 mesh strainer nor less than an 8002E nozzle orifice.

199

rbicides

Herbicides

Nortron (cont'd)

Application Tips: Apply Nortron before or at planting time and incorporate into the soil to a depth of
2.5 - 5.0 cm. Deeper incorporation may reduce effectiveness. Nortron may be applied pre-emergence at the
time of planting or shortly after, but prior to weed emergence.

Incorporation equipment; Hooded-power or ground-driven rotary tillers, rolling cultivators and harrows are
most effective for incorporating Nortron into the soil. Do not apply Nortron through soil injector shanks.
Large clods can reduce the effectiveness of Nortron. All existing vegetative growth should be thoroughly
worked into the soil before treatment. Do not allow spray mixture to stand in tank overnight.

9. How it Works: Uptake of ethofumesate occurs primarily via the emerging shoot as it passes upwards

through treated soil; however, for certain broadleaf species, root uptake is more important. Ethofumesate is
non-volatile, and in all cases, uptake occurs from aqueous solution.

1 0. Expected Results: Nortron, applied pre-plant incorporated with proper activation, will normally not permit
weed emergence. If emergence should occur, uptake has occurred; seedling will show loss of vigour and
eventual death.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Normally 1.5 cm of rainfall is sufficient to activate Nortron. In areas where moisture can
be marginal, incorporation is recommended.

12. Movement in Soil: Under normal conditions, ethofumesate is only slowly leached from the soil surface, and
most of the material remains concentrated in the upper 15 cm.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not rotate with any crops other than sugar beets for 12 months after application.
Thorough tillage, including moldboard plowing, should precede the planting of crops other than sugar beets.
Do not use Nortron on muck or peat soils. If crop is lost due to climatic or soil conditions following
application of Nortron, do not plant crops other than sugar beets in Nortron-treated land during the same
season. If fields are replanted to sugar beets, reseed into treated band. Do not retreat field with Nortron. To
reduce injury to rotational crops following a dry sugar beet season, Nortron should be applied only in a
band, and field should be moldboard plowed after harvest. Wheat and barley may be injured if planted
following a dry sugar beet year.

Grazing restrictions: Where Nortron is used in combination with TCA, do not use treated sugar beet tops
for feed or forage.

14. Toxicity:

S.C. formulation

Acute oral LD^^ (rat): 2,100 mg/kg

Acute dermal LD^^ (rat): >4,100 mg/kg

Technical material

Acute oral LD^^ (rat) : 6,400 mg/kg

Acute oral LD^^ (bobwhite quail): >8,343 mg/kg

Acute dermal LD^^ (rat): >1,440 mg/kg

Dietary LD^^ (mallard duck): >10,000 mg/kg

Toxic to fish

Danger: Eye irritant. Causes eye or skin irritation. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Harmful if
swallowed. Avoid inhalation of fumes.

If in eyes, immediately flush with water for 15 minutes. If on skin, wash with soap and water.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, call a physician or Poison Control
Centre. Drink one or two glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with a
finger.

Environmental hazards: Keep out of lakes, ponds or streams. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of
equipment or disposal of wastes.

200

Nortron (cont'd)

16. Storage: Do not use or store near heat or open flames. Store Nortron in a cool place, above 0°C.

1 7. Resistance Management: Nortron is a Group 16 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Nortron and other Group 16 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Odyssey (imazamox -t- imazethapyr)

Group 2

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

II . Formulations: Water dispersible granular; 70% (imazamox - 35% -t- imazethapyr - 35%); 4 - 173 g water
soluble bags or 8 x 86.5 water soluble bages and 1 x 8.1 L jug of Merge.

2. Registered Mixes: Lontrel (Clearfield Canola),
j Surfactants: Merge (included in case) at 0.5% of the water volume.

j Mixing instructions: Use a 50 mesh (or coarser) filter screen. Fill sprayer tank with 3/4 the required

! amount of clean water, start agitation and continue agitation throughout the entire mixing and spraying

I procedure. Add the required amount of Odyssey soluble bag(s) directly into the sprayer tank opening,
i Agitate for at least 10 minutes to dissolve herbicide, if mixing with Lontrel, add Lontrel to the tank and

' agitate, mixing thoroughly. Add the required amount of Merge. Complete filling the tank to the desired level

! with water.

li 3. Crops: Alfalfa (seedling and established grown for seed), CLEARFIELD canola, field peas.

Weeds Controlled:

17 g/ac

barnyard grass

hemp-nettle*

stinkweed

volunteer tame mustard

chickweed

lamb's-quarters**

stork's-bill

volunteer wheat

cleavers

Persian darnel

volunteer barley

wild buckwheat*

flixweed

redroot pigweed

volunteer canola (except

wild mustard

green foxtail

Russian thistle

CLEARFIELD canola)

wild oats

green smartweed

shepherd's-purse

volunteer tame oats

* Suppression in field peas.

** Suppression in field peas and CLEARFIELD canola.

i 5. Weeds Suppressed: Kochia, lamb’s-quarters.

I 6. When Used:

! Crop stage: Alfalfa: 1 - 4 leaf stage and after the weeds have emerged. CLEARFIELD canola (all soil
zones): 2 - 6 true leaf. Field peas: 1 - 6 node of field peas and after the weeds have emerged.

Weed stage: Grasses: Apply from the 1 - 4 true leaf stage up to early tillering. Broadleaf weeds: Apply from
the cotyledon to 4 leaf stage.

201

Herbicides

■ I

Odyssey (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only.

Rate: 17 g/ac.

Surfactant: Merge at 0.5% v/v (e.g. 5 L/1,000 L spray solution).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: 50 mesh screens (or coarser). Flat fan recommended tilted 45° forward for better penetration.

Incorporation: Not applicable.

8. Application Tips: Water soluble bags will dissolve better when kept intact, do not split bags. If agitation is
stopped for more that 5 minutes, re-suspend spray solution by full agitation prior to commencing spraying
again. Do not spray if freezing temperatures are forecast. Initial transient crop yellowing may be observed
after application, but this is outgrown and should not affect yield.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots. Disrupts plant metabolism causing growth to stop. Works best
under good growing conditions. Residual activity of small seeded, shallow germinating flushing weeds (not
wild oats) expected until crop flowering. Moist conditions result in beter residual control.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Insufficient data, recommend 6 hours between application and rainfall.

12. Movement in Soil: Not leached appreciably.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Minimum interval to harvest: 60 days.

Succeeding crops: Barley, CLEARFIELD canola, canary seed, durum wheat, lentils, oats and spring wheat
can be grown safely the year following an application. Flax and non-CLEARFIELD canola can be grown in
the second year after an Odyssey application (e.g. if you used Odyssey in 2002, you can grow conventional
canola in 2004). For other crops, call BASF at 1-877-371-2773. Conduct a field bioassay the year before
growing any crops other than those listed above. In case of crop failure, replant only to CLEARFIELD canola
or field peas.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crops or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use. Field peas treated with Odyssey may be fed to livestock 30 days after application. Only apply
Odyssey once per year.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) 5,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish, birds and
bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store at temperatures above 5°C. Keep unused water soluble bags in resealed, original container.
Keep packages dry at all time.

1 7. Resistance Management: Odyssey is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Odyssey and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

202

Pardner/Koril (bromoxynil)

Group 6

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience/Nufarm Canada

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Pardner: 280 g/L, 8 L jug; Koril: 235 g/L, 9.71 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Pardner: Low rate Atrazine (corn, sweet, field); Avenge or Avenge + MCPA Ester
(barley. Avenge wheat varieties); Banvel (field corn), Hoe-Grass 284 [barley (not Betzes or Klages), seedling
grasses (brome, creeping red fescue, crested and intermediate wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass), spring
wheat]. MCPA (Amine, Ester, K-salt) (barley, oats, wheat, canary seed, seedling grasses, fall rye); Roundup
(chemical fallow); 2,4-D (Amine, Ester) (barley, wheat). Achieve 40/80 DG (barley, wheat). Horizon
(wheat), Ultim or Ultim -I- Atrazine (corn). Accent (field corn).

Koril: Atrazine (field corn, sweet corn). MCPA (Amine, Ester, K-salt) barley, oats and wheat. 2,4-D (Amine,
Ester) barley and wheat.

Mixing restrictions: Add Atrazine; MCPA; or 2,4-D to water first, then Pardner/Koril.

3. Crops:

Underseeding: Not recommended for legumes other than alfalfa.

alfalfa (seedling) durum wheat (8.9) garlic sweet corn (8.3)

barley (9.0) fall rye oats (8.8) triticale (9.0)

canary seed (9.0) field corn (9.0) spring wheat (8.9) winter wheat (8.9)

Seedling grasses for seed production

bromegrass (8.7) intermediate wheatgrass reed canary grass (8.3) tall wheatgrass

creeping red fescue (8.6) meadow fescue (8.3) Russian wild rye (8.9) timothy (8.8)

crested wheatgrass (8.3) orchard grass (8.6) slender wheatgrass

Established alfalfa (for seed production only).

Note: Koril is registered on the following crops only: barley, durum wheat, field corn, oats, spring wheat,
sweet corn, winter wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled:

American nightshade
annual smartweed (8.1)
black nightshade
bluebur
cocklebur

* Triazine resistant.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, canary seed, corn (field, sweet), oats, triticale, wheat: 2 leaf to early flag leaf. 2,4-D
mix on wheat or barley after 4 leaf. Winter wheat, fall rye: first growth to early flag leaf. Corn: Pardner/Koril
alone or Atrazine mix: until crop is 25 cm tall. Canary seed: 3-5 leaf. Seedling grasses, grown for seed
production: 2 - 4 leaf. Seedling alfalfa: 2 - 6 trifoliate stage.

Established alfalfa: Treat at any stage of growth; maximum 2 applications per year.

Weed stage: Seedling to 4 leaf stage, except Russian thistle to 5 cm tall. Generally best results if weeds are
in seedling stage. Scentless chamomile and knawel: before 3 leaf stage.

common groundsel (9.0)
common ragweed
cow cockle (6.9)
knawel (7.7)
kochia

lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.4)
night-flowering catchfly (8.0)
redroot pigweed (7.9)*
Russian thistle (8.4)

stinkweed (8.4)
tartary buckwheat (8.4)
volunteer buckwheat (8.4)
wild buckwheat (8.4)
wild mustard (8.5)

203

Herbicides

Pardner/Koril (cont'd)

7. How to Apply;

with: Ground equipment or aircraft (wheat and barley only). Spra-coupes not recommended.

Rate:

Pardner

Koril

Barley, field corn, oats, sweet corn, triticale, wheat

405 - 485 mL/ac

486 - 567 mL/ac

Canary seed

405 mL/ac

Fall rye, winter wheat

405 - 485 ml/ac

486 - 567 ml/ac

Seedling grasses (grown for seed production only)

405 - 485 mL/ac

Seedling alfalfa

405 mL/ac

Established alfalfa (for seed production only)

405 - 485 mL/ac

Water volume: 40 L/ac. Corn: 60 L/ac; 8 L/ac (air).

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles recommended or Hollow cone (air only).

8. Application Tips: Avoid spraying crops during adverse growing conditions, especially drought, high
temperatures (over 29°C) or in high humidity.

9. How it Works: A contact herbicide, so good coverage is essential. Inhibits respiration and photosynthesis
causing death.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Turn brown and die within 3 - 5 days - more rapid under good growing conditions and when
applied to seedling weeds. Poor results can be expected if weeds past 4 leaf stage, poor spray coverage
or lower than recommended rate used. Injury to corn may occur if under stress.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: None.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for green feed until 30 days after treatment.

1 4. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 440 mg/kg. Very toxic to
fish. Intake of a large dose may cause convulsions, sudden collapse and coma. Can be absorbed through the
skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Symptoms of acute poisoning: Stomach cramps, diarrhea, sore throat may appear.

1 6. Storage: Pardner and Koril formulations will solidify at temperatures below -20°C, but will be usable again
at temperatures above 0°C.

17. Resistance Management: Pardner/Koril is a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Pardner/Koril and other Group 6 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

204

Pea Pack (metribuzin + MCPA Na-salt)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

Sencor 75 DF: Dispersible granule; 750 g/kg; 1 x 3 kg container.

MCPA Na-salt: Solution; 300 g/L; 1 x 7.6 L container.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Field peas, processing peas only. Do not use on lentils or chickpeas. Do not use on soils with less
than 3% organic matter.

4. Weeds Controlled:

green smartweed redroot pigweed volunteer canola (including wild mustard

lady’s-thumb stinkweed all herbicide tolerant canola's

lamb's-quarters except triazine-tolerant cultivars)

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply before pea vines are 15 cm long or before the 6 node stage. Crop tolerance is not
affected by early application. Do not use if soil has less than 3% organic matter.

Weed stage: Apply post-emergent when weeds are small, i.e. less than 5 cm in height or diameter.

7. How to Apply:

Rate: 77 g/ac Sencor DF and 190 mL/ac MCPA Na-salt per acre.

Water volume: 70 L/ac.

Pressure: 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles with an opening no smaller than 8002 or TK2 with 50 mesh screen. Angle nozzles
45° forward.

Sprayer cleanup: Spray equipment must be thoroughly cleaned to remove traces of herbicide that might
injure other crops to be sprayed.

1. Drain any remaining solution from the spray tank.

2. Rinse the spray tank.

3. Refill with water, adding a heavy-duty detergent at the rate of 0.25 L per 100 L of water. Recycle this
mixture through the equipment for 5 minutes and spray out.

4. Repeat this procedure twice.

5. Fill the spray tank with clean water, recycle for 5 minutes, and spray out.

6. Clean pump and nozzle screens thoroughly.

7. Wash away and spray mixture from the outside of the spray tank, nozzles or spray rig.

8. Application Tips: Allow 4 - 5 days between applications of Pea Pack and the application of a post-emergent
wild oat herbicide. Allow 4 - 5 days after frost for crop to recover before applying Pea Pack. Weed control
may be reduced if Pea Pack is applied later than the 6th node of crop.

9. How it Works: Sencor is a systemic herbicide that kills weeds by stopping photosynthesis. MCPA sodium salt
is a systemic herbicide that disrupts cell division. MCPA sodium salt is absorbed through leaves and roots and
is translocated to actively growing areas in the plant.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: For weeds susceptible to Sencor 75 DF, initial yellowing will occur within 7-10 days;
weeds turn brown and die within 14-16 days. For weeds susceptible to MCPA Na-salt, twisting begins
between 2 - 20 days after application, followed by the plant turning brown and dying.

Pea Pack (cont'd)

Crop: Yellowing may occur if high temperatures take place within 48 hours of application. Cold, cloudy
weather or frost within 3 days of application may cause reduced weed control and some yellowing of crop. If
frost occurs, allow 4 - 5 days for crop to recover prior to appl)dng Pea Pack. Applications made under
conditions of high humidity may cause pea vines to droop, but the crop will recover quickly.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours after application may reduce weed control of Pea Pack, and
within 2 hours may reduce weed control of MCPA Na-salt.

12. Movement in Soil: For Sencor 75DF, little leaching occurs in soil with a high organic matter. MCPA Na-salt is
readily leached from soil. Longer residual in dry soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Re-cropping: No re-cropping restrictions in the year following application.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze peas within 70 days of application.

Other restrictions:

Pre-harvest: Do not harvest peas within 70 days of application.

14. Toxicity:

Sencor 75 DF: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = 1,100 - 2,300 mg/kg. Slightly toxic
to fish and birds.

MCPA Na-salt: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 700 - 800 mg/kg.
Low toxicity to fish. May cause bums upon contact with skin and eyes, and it can be absorbed through the
skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage:

Sencor 75 DF: No damage by freezing, but avoid large temperature fluctuations. Store in a cool, dry place.
MCPA Na-salt: If frozen, warm to 5°C and mix well before using.

1 7. Resistance Management: Pea Pack is both a Group 4 and a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Pea Pack and other Group 4 and 5 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Poast Ultra (sethoxydim)

Group 1

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 450 g/L; 1 x 7.7 L Poast Ultra -f 2 x 8.1 L Merge.

2. Registered Mixes:

Canola: Lontrel, Muster, Pursuit (CLEARFIELD canola only). Liberty (Liberty Link canola only).
Flax: Buctril M, MCPA Ester, Lontrel, Lontrel -I- MCPA Ester.

Field peas: Pursuit.

206

Poast Ultra (cont'd)

Mixing instructions:

Poast Ultra + Pursuit: A reduced rate of Pursuit (42.5 mL/acre) can be used when Poast Ultra and
Pursuit are tank mixed. The 85 mL/ac rate of Pursuit may also be tank mixed with Poast Ultra. Do not use a
rate of Poast Ultra less than 190 mL/acre in tank mixes with Pursuit.

Poast Ultra + Liberty + Merge: A reduced rate of Poast Ultra (95 mL/ac) can be tank mixed with
Liberty to control volunteer barley. Merge should be added at 200 mL/ac using 45 mL/ac water volume.
Refer to Liberty label for use instructions.

Usual mix outer

1 . Poast Ultra

2. Broadleaf herbicide

3. Merge

Mix order exceptions

1 . Muster

2. Poast Ultra

3. Merge

3. Crops:

adzuki beans (9.0)

creeping red fescue

hops

safflower

alfalfa

(seed production only)

lentils (9.0)

shrubs (fruit bearing)

(seedling & established)

cucumbers* (8.9)

lima beans (9.0)

snap beans (9.0)

asparagus

dill

linola

soybeans (9.0)

broccoli

dry bulb onions (8.8)

mung beans (9.0)

spearmint

buckwheat

dry common beans (9.0)

mustard

spinach

cabbage

ethnic cole crops

orchards (newly

squash

caraway

fababeans (9.0)

planted, non-bearing)

strawberry

carrots

field peas (9.0)

peppermint

sugar beets (9.0)

cauliflower

field peppers

potatoes (9.0)

sunflower

chickling vetch

flax (including

processing peas (9.0)

sweet potatoes

chickpeas

low linolenic)(9.0)

pumpkin

tomatoes

chokecherry (shelterbelts)

fresh peas (9.0)

rapeseed

trees (fruit bearing &

common beans (9.0)

garlic

(including canola)(9.0)

non-fruit bearing)

coriander

green peppers

raspberry

turnip

cranberry

highbush blueberries

Forage legumes for seed (seedling & established)

alfalfa cicer milkvetch sainfoin

sweet clover

alsike clover

Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass (8.6)

Persian darnel (8.7)

volunteer oats (8.4)

wild proso millet

crabgrass

quackgrass (6.0)*

volunteer spring wheat (8.4)

witchgrass

fall panicum

volunteer barley (8.5)

wild oats (8.4)

yellow foxtail

green foxtail (8.3)

* Season-long control.

volunteer corn (7.0)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Foxtail barley, quackgrass.

6. When Used:

Weed stage: Annual grasses: 1 - 6 leaf stage (optimium results at 2 - 5 leaf stage when annual grasses are
small and actively growing). Wild oats and volunteer cereals: 1-4 leaf stage (best results prior to tillering).
Quackgrass: up to 3 leaf (8 - 12 cm tall). Foxtail barley: 1 - 4 leaf.

207

Herbicides

Poast Ultra (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate:

Poast Uttra/Merge Applicatioii Rate Table

Ground application

Mange^

Aerial appUcation

Grass leaf

Poast Uftra*

water volume

water vofome

Grass species controlled

stage

mt/ac

20 - 44 l/ac

45 -80 l/ac

t0-20t/ac

Annual grasses

Barnyard grass, crabgrass (large),

1 -6

130

0.2 - 0.4

0.4

0.1 - 0.2

fall panicum, green foxtail,
Persian darnel, proso millet,
volunteer corn, witchgrass,
yellow foxtail

Wild oats, volunteer cereals

(Canola, flax and peas only)
Annual grasses - listed above

190

0.2 - 0.4

0.1 - 0.2

including volunteer cereals,
wild oats

Suppression of quackgrass

(Western Canada only)

Quackgrass control

Up to 3

445

0.4 - 0.8

N/A

Suppression of foxtail barley

plus annual grasses listed above

For band application, adjust rate per acre in relation to the band width (annual grasses only).

For ground application, it is recommended to use 2 jugs of Merge with every jug of Poast Ultra regardless of water
volume.

Water volume: Air: 10 - 20 L/ac. Ground: 20 - 45 L/ac. Dense foliage, heavy infestations and for
quackgrass control: 45 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 200 kPa. Ground: 240 kPa with low water volumes; 275 - 425 kPa with higher water
volumes.

Nozzles: Flat fan only. Tilt forward 45° for better coverage. The use of flood jet or hollow cone
nozzles is not recommended because of uneven and inadequate spray coverage.

8. Application Tips;

Poast Ultra applied at 130 mL/ac for the control of wild oats and volunteer cereals should only be applied
under the following conditions:

- adequate moisture

- adequate fertility

- moderate temperatures (15°C - 28°C)

- absence of stress

- canola, flax and peas only (good crop stand is essential)

- early timing (1-4 true leaf stage of volunteer cereals and wild oats)

- light to moderate weed infestation levels

- low water volumes (20 - 40 L/ac)

208

Poast Ultra (cont'd)

Treat when weedy grasses are actively growing, there is good soil moisture and crop is small enough to
permit thorough spray coverage. If annual grass weeds and broadleaf weeds are not in the correct stages for
treatment, apply separate applications of each herbicide. Control of grasses growing under drought, flooding
or prolonged cool temperatures under 15°C may be reduced or delayed. Escapes or re-tillering may occur
under prolonged stress conditions or low fertility. Do not apply on grasses stressed longer than
20 days due to lack of moisture as unsatisfactory control can result. Thorough pre-plant tillage
I operations are required to fields where sod or forage grass crops may have grown in the previous year. For
quackgrass only on cultivated land, pre-plant tillage will fragment rhizomes and improve control. Crop
competition generally enhances control of quackgrass. In wide row crops, the quackgrass treatment should
be followed by a cultivation after a minimum 7 days. Do not apply where runoff or erosion is likely. Allow
I 4 days between application of Poast Ultra and any other chemical not recommended as a tank mix

combination. Do not allow mixtures to stand. Thoroughly clean sprayer after use by flushing with water and
detergent. Prior to using Poast Ultra, ensure that the sprayer has been cleaned according to previous product
i manufacturer’s specifications or sprayer cleanout recommendations. When tank mixing with Pursuit, the rate
of Pursuit can be lowered to 42.5 mL/ac for the control of redroot pigweed, stinkweed, wild buckwheat, wild
1 mustard, chickweed, cleavers, hemp-nettle and smartweed.

I 9. How it Works: Poast Ultra is a contact and a systemic herbicide. Absorbed primarily by foliage and
I translocated to the growing points. Inhibits formation of fatty acids in these tissues. Thorough coverage of
the foliage is important for consistent grass control.

; 1 0. Expected Results: Susceptible grasses stop growing immediately, gradually turn yellow and then brown.

I The time required for complete control is normally 7 - 21 days (annual grasses). Control of quackgrass
develops more slowly than control of annual grasses. Poast Ultra is translocated through the quackgrass
plant to the rhizomes and kills actively growing rhizome buds, as well as above ground vegetation. Dormant
rhizome buds will remain unaffected by the spray and regrowth can occur from these buds. The regrowth
^ will not be significant until 6 - 8 weeks after treatment, depending on growing conditions, crop cultivation
practices and crop competition.

I 11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour of application may reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Relatively immobile, breaks down rapidly in soil.

I 13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Allow a minimum of 14 days between application and re-planting of cereal or grass
I crop. A cultivation to a minimum depth of 10 cm is recommended 7 days prior to seeding. Otherwise no
restriction.

Spray to harvest interval (days): Alfalfa (70), beans [snap (56), common (60), white, kidney, pinto
(80), adzuki, faba, lima, mung (80)], buckwheat (85), cucumbers (30); flax (60), garlic (50), lentils (65),
onions (50); peas [fresh (30), processing (30), dry (60)], potatoes (80), rapeseed (70), soybeans (80);

! sugar beets (85), tomatoes (60).

, Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

I 14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = formulation 2,500 mg/kg. Causes

moderate skin and eye irritation. Low toxicity to birds, fish and bees. Hazards to the environment are low
because of rapid breakdown in soil.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

209

Herbicides

Poast Ultra (cont'd)

16. Storage: Store product in a cool, dry place. Freezing will not reduce effectiveness.

1 7. Resistance Management: Poast ultra is a Group l herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Poast Ultra and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate
the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (seepage 38 - 42).

P|*GP3SS (florasulam + glyphosate)

Group 2,9

Manufacturer. Dow AgroSctences Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1 Formulation: PrePass A: 50 g/L florasulam SC, 1.6 L jug; PrePass B; Glyphosate: 360 g/L (acid equivalent:
present isopropylamine salt); 2 x 10 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Pre-seed burn-down application prior to planting barley, oats or wheat; summerfallow applications.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Canada fleabane
cleavers

common chickweed
common ragweed
crab grass
dandelion*
downy brome
flixweed

giant foxtail
green foxtail
hemp-nettle
lady's thumb
lamb's quarters
narrow-leafed
hawk's beard
Persian darnel

" Seedlings will be controlled.
** Up to 5 leaf stage.

redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's purse
stinkweed
volunteer barley
volunteer canola (conventional,
CLEARFIELD & Liberty)

volunteer glyphosate
tolerant canola**
volunteer flax
volunteer wheat
wild buckwheat**
wild mustard
wild oats

5. Weeds Suppressed:

annual sow-thistle dandelion* kochia perennial sow-thistle

* Rosettes greater than 6" (15 cm) will be suppressed.

6. When Used:

Pre-seed burn-down: apply PrePass prior to planting barley, oats or wheat to control emerged labelled
weeds.

Summerfallow:

Annual weeds: Grassy and broadleaf weeds that are actively growing.

Dandelion: Seedlings will be controlled; rosettes greater than 6" (15 cm) will be suppressed.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. With a sprayer that can apply 40 L/ac of spray solution.

Do not apply by air.

Rate: PrePass A: 40 mL/ac. PrePass B: 500 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Use low pressures 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzles that deliver higher volumes and coarser droplets.

210

PrePass (cont'd)

Mixing instructions: Only use sprayers that have good agitation. Ensure the sprayer is properly cleaned
prior to adding PrePass.

1. Fill the sprayer tank 1/2 full with water.

2. Start the sprayer agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure.

3. Add PrePass A herbicide to the spray tank followed by PrePass B herbicide. Complete the filling of the
spray tank.

Sprayer cleanup:

1. Immediately after application, drain the sprayer.

2. Rinse the inside of the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms and hoses using at least
10% of the spray tank volume, and then drain spray tank completely.

3. Add 1 liter of household ammonia per 100 L of water while filling the tank with clean water. Agitate and
then briefly flush the boom and hoses with the cleaning solution. Top up the tank with water and allow to
stand 15 minuets with agitation. Flush boom and hoses, and drain the tank completely.

4. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately with ammonia solution (100 mL/10 L water).

5. Rinse the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms using at least 10% of the spray tank
volume, and then drain the tank.

8. Application Tips: Warm, moist growing conditions promote active weed growth and enhance the activity of
PrePass. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may show delayed symptoms and result in
reduced levels of control. Reduced control may occur when applied to weeds heavily covered in dust.

9. How it Works: PrePass A is taken up by leaves and stops growth of susceptible weeds rapidly via inhibition
of the ALS enzyme. PrePass B is a non-selective systemic herbicide that moves through foliage into the roots,
resulting in plant mortality.

1 0. Expected Results: Weeds susceptable to PrePass A will stop growing almost immediately. Newer leaves start
to yellow and wilt, followed by a loss of green colour. Symptoms will spread to the rest of the plant with
some weeds showing purpling or reddening. Under good growing conditions, complete control may occur
within 7-10 days after application. Annual weeds susceptable to PrePass B will wilt and yellow within

2 - 4 days. Perennials will show similar symptoms within 5-10 days after application.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage, and
a repeat application may be required. Do not apply if rainfall is forcast for time of application.

12. Movement in Soil: PrePass A is is somewhat soluble in water, but generally not mobile in soil under typical
prairie conditions. Dissipation of PrePass A occurs primarily through microbial degradation. Field studies in a
wide variety of soils have shown the half-life of PrePass A in soil to range from 2-18 days. The amount of
PrePass B leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops:

Pre-seed burn-down application: Fields treated with PrePass herbicide tank mix can be seeded to
barley, oats or wheat in the year of application.

Summerfallow application: Fields treated with PrePass herbicide tank mix can be seeded to barley,
canola, durum wheat, peas, wheat or summerfallowed the year after treatment.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated areas within 7 days of application.

14. Toxicity: PrePass A has extremely low acute toxicity. Acute LD^^ = >6,000 mg/kg. PrePass B has very low
acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD5Q (rats) = 4,320 mg/kg. Eye irritant.

211

Herbicides

PrePass (cont'd)

1 5. Precautions, First Aid: Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear impervious gloves, coveralls and
chemical workers’ goggles during the mixing and handling of PrePass. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash
contaminated clothes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes and leather articles.

16. Storage: Store away from food, feedstuff, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides and fungicides or other pesticides or
herbicides. Store in dry, heated storage. If products are frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before
use. Soak up small amounts of spill with absorbent clays.

1 7. Resistance Management: PrePass is both a Group 2 and a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to PrePass and other Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Prestige (fluroxypyr -I- clopyralid + MCPA Ester)

Manufacturer: Dow AgroScieitces Canada Inc.

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations:

Prestige A: Fluroxypyr, 180 g/L, 6.4 L jug.

Prestige B: Clop)n:alid 50 g/L -f MCPA Ester, 280 g/L, 2 x 8.0 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Barley, spring wheat (excluding durum): Achieve Liquid (200 mL/ac) + Turbocharge
adjuvant. Assert 300 SC (540 - 670 mL/ac) -I- acidulate, Puma^^° Super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass,
green foxtail and wild oats). Spring wheat (excluding durum): Achieve 80DG (100 g/ac) -I- Turbocharge
adjuvant, Everst 70 DF solupak (17.4 g/ac) + non-ionic surfactant. Horizon (95 mL/ac) + Score adjuvant,
Puma^^° Super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass, green foxtail and wild oats).

3. Crops: Barley tall fescue (established), wheat (spring wheat only).

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sow-thistle (8.7)
Canada thistle (8.5)^^
cleavers (1-4 whorls) (8.7)
common groundsel (8.9)
dandelion (8.0)*
flixweed*

kochia***
lamb's-quarters
perennial sow-thistle**
redroot pigweed (8.5)
round-leaved mallow
(1 -6 leaf) (8.6)

Russian pigweed
scentless chamomile
shepherd's-purse (9.0)
smartweed (8.4)
stork's-bill (1 - 8 leaf) (8.3)
stinkweed (8.9)

* Spring rosettes only.

** Season-long control, with some regrowth in the fall (top growth control).

*** Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme.

tartary buckwheat
volunteer canola (8.9)
volunteer flax (1-12 cm) (8.9)
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (1 - 4 leaf) (8.7)
wild mustard (9.0)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Common chickweed***, hemp-nettle (2 - 6 leaf stage) (8.3).

*** Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Cereals: 3 leaf to just before flag leaf stage.
Weed stage: Actively growing and in seedling stage stage.

212

Prestige (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With; Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Always keep the same proportions of Prestige A and Prestige B when mixing less than a full tank.

Prestige A: 320 mL/ac.

Prestige B: 800 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure; 200 - 270 kPa.

Nozzels: Flat fan type.

Mixing instructions: Use only sprayers with good agitation. Ensure that sprayer is properly cleaned prior
to applying Prestige.

1. Fill the sprayer with half the required amount of clean water, start agitation and continue agitation
throughout the mixing and spraying procedure.

2. Add required amount of Prestige A and then Prestige B.

3. Complete filling the sprayer tank.

8. Application Tips: Prestige is a non-residual herbicide and will only control emerged weeds. Prestige activity
is infuenced by weather conditions. Optimum activity requires active weed growth. Temperature range for
optimum activity is 12°C to 24°C. Reduced activity will occur when temperatures are below 8°C or above
27°C. Frost before application (3 days) or shortly after (3 days) may reduce weed control and crop tolerance.
Weed control may be reduced during stress conditions, e.g. heat, drought or cold, or if weeds have initiated
flowering or if heavy infestations exist. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed
control. Optimum timing of application is 2 - 4 leaf stage of weeds. Do not apply to wheat and barley
underseeded to legumes. Make only one application per year. Do not apply before 3 leaf stage or later
than flag leaf stage of crop.

9. How it Works: Prestige herbicide tank mix does not control weeds that have not emerged at the time of
application. The components of Prestige tank mix move within the plant to control exposed and
underground plant tissue. The herbicide mimics naturally occurring plant hormones and controls weeds by
disrupting normal plant growth patterns. Symptoms include twisting of stems and swollen nodes.

1 0. Expected Results: Weeds start to twist shortly after being sprayed. After twisting and bending, plants stop
growing, turn brown and die. Difficult-to-control weeds such as Canada thistle and wild buckwheat stop
growing, change colour to dark green and then turn yellow. Death may not occur for 14 - 21 days. Some
weak Canada thistle regrowth may occur by the end of season

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected within 6 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: Pestige A is bound tightly to soil organic matter but not readily bound to sand, silt or
clay. Due to the relatively short half life of Prestige A, it rarely moves deeper than 15 cm in soil. Prestige B is
made up of MCPA and clopyralid. MCPA is readily leached from soil. Clopyralid is somewhat soluble in
water, but is generally not mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application.
Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Prestige herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, flax, forage grasses, mustard, oats, peas, rye, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed crops
other than those listed above for at least one year after treatment.

Drift: Broadleaf crops are sensitive to spray drift. Minimize drift by using nozzles that put out sufficient
spray volume and large droplets.

Grazing restrictions: Do not cut or graze fields of treated wheat or barley within 7 days after application.

213

Herbicides

Prestige (cont'd)

14. Toxicity:

Prestige A: Very low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg.

Prestige B: Clopyralid: Very low acute mammalian toxicity Acute (rats) = >2,000.

MCPA: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 700 - 800 mg/kg. May case
burns upon contact with skin and eyes and can be absorbed through the skin.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a dry, heated area. If product is frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before use.

1 7. Resistance Management: Prestige is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Prestige and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Prevail (tralkoxydim + clopyralid + MCPA Ester}

Group 1,4

Manufacturer; Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. . . , , T

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Prevail A (tralkoxydim); dispersible granule: 80% 2 kg carton. Liquid: 400g/L, 4 L jug.

2. Prevail B 50 g a.e./l clopyralid -I- 280 g a.e./L, MCPA Ester 2x8 L jug.

3. Prevail C adjuvant 1x4 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: Recommended mixing order: Prevail A from all cartons. Prevail B and then
Prevail C.

3. Crops: Barley durum

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sow-thistle
Canada thistle* (8.0)
common groundsel
dandelion**
flixweed**

green foxtail (wild millet)

* Season-long control;
** Spring rosettes only.

lat, spring wheat.

lamb's-quarters (8.9)
perennal sow-thistle
(top growth)
Persian darnel
redroot pigweed
Russian pigweed
some re-growth in the fall.

scentless chamomile
(2 - 4 leaf)
shepherd's-purse**
smartweed (7.7)
stinkweed** (9.0)

tartary buckwheat
volunteer rapeseed (8.9)
wild buckwheat (8.6)
wild mustard (8.6)
wild oats (8.6)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Kochia (2 - 4 leaf).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Cereals: 3 leaf to expanded 6 leaf stage of crop.

Weed stage: Wild oats: 1 - 6 leaf stage of growth (up to emergence of third tiller). Green foxtail: 1 - 5 leaf
stage of growth (up to emergence of second tiller). Broadleaf weeds: 1 - 4 leaf stage of growth.

Canada thistle: 10 - 15 cm in height.

214

Prevail (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. With sprayers that can apply 40 L/ac spray solution because lower water
volumes can cause mixing problems, and/or unacceptable crop injury can occur.

Rate: Always keep the same proportions of Prevail A, B and C (below) when mixing less than a full tank.
Prevail A: 100 g/ac (granule) or 200mL/ac (liquid).

Prevail B: 0.8 L/ac.

Prevail C: 0.5 L/lOO L spray solution

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Mixing instructions:

1. Only use sprayers with high agitation. Ensure the sprayer is properly cleaned prior to applying Prevail.

2. Add 3/4 required amount of water, start agitation and continue agitation throughout the entire mixing
and spraying procedure. Do not enlarge the opening of the Prevail box. Remove strainer screen from filler
opening of spray tank. Add Prevail slowly. Prevail A must be added directly into the sprayer through the
tank opening and not through injector or hopper systems. For shallow spray tanks where water depth is
60 cm (24 inches) or less, add Prevail A towards agitator unit and away from outlet in the bottom of the
tank to enhance dispersion. If more than one case of Prevail A is used, add Prevail A from all cases first
prior to adding Prevail B and Prevail C.

3. Wait at least one minute after the last of the Prevail A has been added to the tank to allow for complete
dispersion of the granules. A longer agitation period may be required to disperse Prevail A when using
cold water (less than 5°C).

4. Add Prevail B and C.

5. Add remaining amount of water.

6. Always ensure the agitator is running until spraying is completed, even if stopping for brief periods. If
agitation is stopped for more than 5 minutes, re-suspend spray solution by full agitation prior to
respra)dng.

Note: Prevail must be sprayed within the same day of mixing.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. 50 mesh or larger screens.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply if crop is under extreme drought stress or showing effects of excessive
moisture. When grasses are stressed due to drought, heat, lack of fertility, flooding or prolonged cool
temperature, control can be reduced or delayed since grasses are not actively growing. Apply to young
actively growing weeds. Do not make applications to weeds stressed longer than 20 days due to lack of
moisture or unsatisfactory control will result. Cereal crops exposed to temperatures below 5°C up to

48 hours before or after application may incur unacceptable injury. Unacceptable injury could also occur
when application is made to crops under stress due to foliar diseases or lack of fertility. Allow a minimum of
7 days between application of Prevail and any other herbicide. Do not apply to wheat or barley which has
been underseeded to forages or other companion crops. Do not make more than one application of
Prevail during the gowing season.

9. How it Works: Tralkoxydim is translocated quickly after application to the growing points and youngest
leaves. Weed growth stops almost immediately. First visible symptoms occur within a few days to 1 week,
depending on the speed of growth of the plants, and appear in the form of yellowing. Clopyralid is a growth
regulator type of herbicide, which is primarily absorbed through the foliage and is translocated to all parts of
the plant causing leaves and stems to twist, yellow and then die. MCPA is a systemic herbicide for broadleaf
weeds that is translocated throughout the plant causing rapid undifferentiated growth, which usually results
in the death of susceptible weeds.

215

Herbicides

Prevail (cont'd)

10. Expected Results:

Grassy weeds: Growth stops in 48 hours. Young shoots turn brown in 7 - 8 days. Complete death of plant
will take 2 - 3 weeks.

Broadleaf weeds: Weeds start to twist after spraying and after twisting and bending, plants turn brown
and die.

Difficult to control weeds such as Canada thistle and wild buckwheat stop growing, change colour to
dark green and then turn yellow before they die. Death may not occur for 14 - 21 days after application.
Some weak Canada thistle regrowth may occur by end of season.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is forecast within 6 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: Prevail A is not mobile in soil. MCPA is readily leached from soil. Clopyralid is somewhat
soluble in water but is generally not mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not harvest grain until 60 days after treatment with Prevail Herbicide tank mix.
Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Prevail herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, corn, flax, forage grasses, mustard, oats, peas, rye, sugarbeets, wheat or summerfallowed. Do
not seed crops other than those listed above for at least one year after treatment.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or cut for feed immature crops treated with Prevail herbicide tank
mix. Straw from treated fields may be used to feed to livestock. There is insufficient data to support such
use. For more cropping and use information, contact your Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. representative.

14. Toxicity:

Tralkoxydim: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,000 mg/kg. Treat
symptomatically for ingestion and/or skin and eye contact. Avoid respiratory depressants unless otherwise
indicated.

Clopyralid: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LC^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg.

Acute oral LD^^ (bees) = >100 /xg/bee. Extremely low toxicity to fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep packages dry at all times. If any component is frozen, bring up to
room temperature and agitate.

1 7. Resistance Management: Prevail is both a Group l and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Prevail and other Group 1 and 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

216

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Primextra II Magnum

(metolachlor + atrazine)

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada ti

Group 15,5

Formulations: Flowable; 400 g/L S-metolachlor + 313 g/L atrazine + 7.0 g/L related active triazines;

1 X 14 L jug.

Registered Mixes: Nitrogen fertilizer solutions may replace all or part of the water carrier on preplant

applications.

Crops: Field corn, silage corn, sweet corn.

Weeds Controlled:

American nightshade

fall panicum

purslane

witchgrass

annual smartweed

green foxtail

ragweed

yellow foxtail

barnyard grass

lady's-thumb

redroot pigweed

yellow nutsedge

crabgrass

lamb's-quarters

wild buckwheat

Eastern Black nightshade

Weeds Suppressed: None.

prostrate pigweed

wild mustard

When Used: Spring applied: pre-plant incorporated or banded. Pre-emergent (under irrigation only).

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate: 1.2 - 1.6 L/ac. Infestation Level: Light 1.2 L/ac; Medium 1.4 L/ac; Heavy 1.6 L/ac.

Water volume: 60-120 L/ac.

Pressure: 200 - 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Use metal filters and screens 50 mesh or larger.

Incorporation: Broadcast and lightly harrow before planting. Do not exceed 5 cm depth. Band treatment:
mount a press wheel ahead of the nozzle to level the band.

Application Tips:

How it Works: Absorbed by roots and inhibits photosynthesis.

Expected Results: Weeds die at germination or under dry conditions, die-back soon after emergence.

Effects of Rainfall: Enhances results.

Movement in Soil: Some movement may occur if there is excess moisture on light soils.

Cropping Restrictions: Follow corn with corn only.

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = atrazine 3,080 mg/kg,
metolachlor = 2,780 mg/kg, Primextra = 4,680 mg/kg. May cause severe skin irritation and perhaps eye
injury. Low toxicity to fish and birds. Intake may cause convulsions and coma.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

217

Herbicides

Primextra II Magnum (cont'd)

1 6. Storage: Dry heated storage preferred.

17. Resistance Management: Primextra II Magnum is both a Group 5 and a Group 15 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Primextra II Magnum and other Group 5 and
15 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used
repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management
strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Princep Nine-T (simazine)

Group 5

Manufacturer. Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Water dispersible granule, Princep Nine-T; 89% simazine -f- 1% related triazines;

5 X 5 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

alfalfa (estab.) (8.5)*

cherry

low bush blueberries

raspberries

apples

Christmas tree plantings

nursery stock (estab.)*

shelterbelts (estab.)*

apricots

field corn

peaches

sweet corn

asparagus

high bush blueberries

pears

woody ornamentals (estab.)

bird's-foot trefoil (estab.)
blackberries

loganberries

plums

woodland tree plantings

* Established - at least 1 year

old.

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual smartweeds

lady's-thumb

purslane

wild buckwheat

barnyard grass

lamb's-quarters

ragweed

wild oats

crabgrass

perennials (most seedling)

volunteer clovers

yellow foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used: Prior to weed emergence. May be applied in either the spring or fall, prior to freeze-up.

Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil: Late fall.

Asparagus, blueberries; Early spring.

Corn: Apply one week prior to seeding or within 4 days after seeding.

Raspberries: Early spring but not on young shoots.

Shelterbelts (established): Fall or in spring prior to weed emergence.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

218

Princep Nine-T (cont'd)

Rate: (On established stands only: at least 1 year old)

Alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil
Asparagus, blackberries, high bush blueberries,
nursery stock, woody ornamentals
Corn

Loganberries
Low bush blueberries
Non-bearing fruit trees (first year) apples,
apricot, cherry, peach, pear, plum
Raspberries

Shelterbelts (1 year or older),

Christmas tree, woodland plantations

Princep Ntne-T

0.45 kg/ac
1-1.5 kg/ac

0.6 - 1 kg/ac
1.5 - 2.4 kg/ac
0.6 - 0.8 kg/ac
0.45 - 0.9 kg/ac

0 8-1 kg/ac
2 - 2.8 kg/ac

Water volume: 120 L/ac. Shelterbelts: 200 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzle screens of 50 mesh or larger.

Incorporation: In corn, Princep may be applied 1 week before seeding and incorporated to a depth of
2.5 cm.

8. Application Tips: Gentle agitation required during mixing and spraying. After any break in the spray
application, agitate thoroughly. Do not overlap application. Alfalfa, bird’s-foot trefoil: Do not apply to the
same field for more than 3 consecutive years. Do not apply Gramoxone within 1 year after the Princep
application.

9. How it Works: Acts through the roots of germinating weeds and inhibit photosynthesis.

10. Expected Results: Weed-free ground.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Negligible.

12. Movement in Soil: Very little movement is possible on clay soil, but on sandy ground with high rainfall,
some leaching may occur.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Plant only corn in the treated area in the same year. Breakdown of simazine in the soil
is slow and may cause injury to sensitive crops (e.g. cereals, canola, sugar beets, white beans, onions, peas,
tomatoes, turnips) one or more years after application. The risk of damage to succeeding crops from
simazine residues may be reduced by ploughing or deep tilling treated fields in the fall prior to seeding the
next crop in the rotation. Spreading and incorporating manure may also help to reduce the simazine levels.
Uneven application, excessive sprayer overlap or applications in excess of recommended rates will result in a
longer carry-over of simazine residues. A prolonged period of hot dry weather will also lengthen the time
that simazine residues remain in the soil.

Grazing restrictions: Allow 30 days between application and grazing of dairy, beef cattle, and sheep and
60 days between application and cutting for hay.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 5,000 mg/kg,

Princep Nine-T = 5,000 mg/kg. May be irritating to eyes and cause dermatitis.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

219

Herbicides

Princep Nine-T (cont'd)

1 6. Storage: Store in dry area, heating not required.

17. Resistance Management: Princep Nine-T is a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Princep Nine-T and other Group 5 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

1 . Formulations: Dry flowable; 25%; 480 g.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactants: Citowett Plus, Agral 90 or Ag-Surf.

3. Crops: Potatoes (irrigated).

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass green foxtail redroot pigweed yellow foxtail

fall panicum quackgrass witchgrass

5. Weeds Suppressed: Lamb’s-quarters.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Post-emergent, prior to the initiation of flowering.

Weed stage: Annual grasses: 1 - 6 leaf stage, maximum 2 tillers. Quackgrass: 3 - 6 leaf stage (less than
10 inches leaf extended). Broadleaf weeds: 4 - 6 leaf stage. Apply to young, actively growing broadleaf
weeds before the canopy closes. Weeds emerging after treatment may not be controlled.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 24 g/ac plus plus 2 L of surfactant per 1,000 liters of spray solution.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 175 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Mixing instructions:

1. Ensure that the spray tank, lines and filter are thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the spray tank with one quarter required amount of clean water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. Add the required amount of Prism while maintaining agitation.

4. After Prism herbicide has been well mixed and is completely in suspension, add recommended non-ionic
surfactant.

5. Fill the remainder of the spray tank with water.

6. On repeat tank loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the spray tank from the previous
load is less than 10% of the volume to be mixed.

7. Use spray preparation within 24 hours or product degradation may occur, resulting in loss of weed
control. Use vigorous agitation to thoroughly disperse spray mixtures that have been allowed to stand in
the tank.

8. Do not tank mix with any other chemical additives, pesticides or fertilizers.

Prism (rimsulfuron)

CAUTION POISON

220

Prism (cont'd)

I Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, thoroughly clean sprayer immediately after
sprajdng. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Prism when cleaning.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually inspect
j tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Prism. If necessary, repeat step 1.

! 2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre of 3% ammonia per 100 litres of water. Flush solution

I through boom and hoses, then add more water and ammonia to completely fill tank so that all surfaces

! are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, booms

and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain the tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens, and clean separately in bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

' 5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses

and boom.

I 8. Application Tips: During periods of stress, plants are not actively growing. When da)Aime temperatures,

I] before or following application, are very hot combined with very dry conditions and low humidity, plants are

( under stress. Application of Prism during these periods may result in substantially reduced control. Do not

I apply to crop that is stressed by severe weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil,

! disease or insect damage as crop injury may result.

!’ 9. How it Works: Prism is absorbed through the foliage and inhibits cell elongation.

1 1 0. Expected Results: Rapid cessation of weed growth; initial development of leaf chlorosis within 5 - 7 days
! after application. Discolouration of dying weeds may not be noticeable for 2 - 3 weeks after application,
j depending on growing conditions and weed susceptibility. Application to potatoes may result in temporary
foliar symptoms (discolouration of younger leaves and pinching of the terminal leaf) that may be confused
with symptoms of a viral disease. Early application timing may reduce the likelihood of foliar s)miptoms.
Poor results may be expected if improper mixing, timing, coverage or when weeds are under stress,
j [ 1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 - 4 hours of application may lessen degree of weed control.

1 1 12. Movement in Soil: The soil mobility of Prism and its degradation products are negligible. Prism degrades
! , rapidly in soil, regardless of soil type.

: 13. Cropping Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval: 30 days. Make only one application per year.

Minimum crop rotation guidelines: The minimum interval is the time from the last application of
I Prism to the date of planting the rotational crop.

I Interval prior to planting (months after application) :

[ 4 months: winter wheat.

10 months: barley, soybeans, white beans, red clover, sorghum, potatoes, field corn. All other crops, field
1 bioassay.

I : Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crops or cut for hay; sufficient data is not available to

! I support such use.

j [ 14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) is >5,000 mg/kg.

I i 15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard

I ■ hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a

waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse,
j If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

K 16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated room.

17. Resistance Management: Prism is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Prism and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
‘ are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

221

Puma^^^ Super (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer; Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 120 g/L; 2 x 6.2 L container or 99.3 L pod container.

2. Registered Mixes: See tables.

Weed Control in Spring Barley

Puma’“ Super {rate)

Tank mix partner

Tank mix partner (rate)

Barnyard grass,
green foxtail, wild
oats, yellow foxtail

Green foxtail only

2,4-0 Ester 600

283 mL/ac

3 1 2 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

2,4-0 Ester LV 700

243 mL/ac

312mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Ally

2,0 - 3.0 g/ac

312 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

Buctrii M

405 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Curtail M

607 - 810 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

Oichlorprop 0

709 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

156 ml/ac

OyVel

506 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

Estaprop

709 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Express Pack

(Express + 2,4-D LV 700)

4 g/ac + 243 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

MCPA Amine 500

340 mL/ac

312mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

MCPA Ester 500

340 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Prestige

(Prestige A -f Prestige 8}

324 mL/ac -l- 810 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Refine Extra

8.1 g/ac

312 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

Refine Extra + Adapt

8.1 g/ac -t- 1% v/v

312 mL/ac

156 mL/ac

Refine Extra + Buctrii IVI

2.7 g/ac -f- 400 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 mL/ac

Refine Extra + MCPA Ester 500

8.1 g/ac + 340 ml/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

Use only MCPA Ester 500 in this tank mix and only at recommended rates. Failure to do so may result in reduced

wild oat control. 00 NOT USE MCPA Amine.
Thumper 405 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

1 56 ml/ac

Trophy

Trophy A + Trophy B

243 mL/ac + 453 mL/ac

312 mL/ac

Unity

Unity 280EC 4- Unity 75WG

202 mL/ac -f 4,3 g/ac

312mL/ac

1 56 mL/ac

222

Puma’2® Super (cont'd)

Weed Control in Ourum and Spring Wheat

Puma^^ Super (rate)
Barnyard grass.

Tank mix partner

Tank mix partner (rate)

green foxtail, wild oats

Green foxtail only

2,4-0 Ester 600

283 miyac

312 miyac

156 ml/ac

2,4-0 Ester LV 700

243 ml/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Aliy

2.0 - 3.0 g/ac

31 2 mL/ac

156 ml/ac

Attain

For use on spring wheat only. Do not apply on durum wheat.

(Attain A -t Attain B)

243 mL/ac + 405 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Buctril M

405 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Curtail M

810mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Oichiorprop 0

708 mL/ao

312 ml/ac

1 56 ml/ac

OyVel

507 mL/ac

156 ml/ac

OyVel OS

445 mL/ac

156 ml/ac

Estaprop

710 ml/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Express F^ck

(Express + 2,4-D LV 700)

4.0 g/ac + 243 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Lontrel360

170 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Lontrei 360 + MCPA Ester 500

170 ml/ac + 340 mL/ac or

312 ml/ac

1 1 3 ml/ac + 340 - 453 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

Use only MCPA Ester 500 in this tank mix and only at recommended rates. Failure to do so may result in reduced

wild oat control. 00 NOT USE MCPA Amine,

MCPA Amine 500

340 ml/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

MCPA Ester 500

340 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Mecoprop (150 g active per litre)

2.2-2.8L/ac

312 ml/ac

Note: A reduction in wild oat control may be observed when Puma

Super is applied in a tank mixture with Mecoprop.

Prestige

For use on spring wheat only. Do not apply on durum wheat.

(Prestige A + Prestige B)

324 mL/ac + 810 ml/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Refine Extra

8.1 ^ac

312 ml/ac

1 56 ml/ac

Refine Extra + Buctril M

2.7 g/ac + 400 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

1 56 ml/ac

Refine Extra + MCPA Ester 500

8.1 g/ac + 340 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

1 56 ml/ac

Use only MCPA Ester 500 in this tank mix and only at recommended rates. Failure to do so may result in reduced

wild oat control. DO NOT USE MCPA Amine.

Thumper

405 mL/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

Trophy

Trophy A + Trophy B

243 mL/ac + 453 mlVac

312 ml/ac

Unity

Unity 280EC + Unity 75WG

202 ml/ac + 4.33 g/ac

312 ml/ac

156 ml/ac

3. Crops: Barley, durum wheat, all spring wheats.

4. Weeds Controlled: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, wild oats, yellow foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

223

rbicides

Puma^^° Super (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Crop Recommended stage

Barley 1 - 5 leaves on main stem plus 2 tillers (Zadoks 1 1*15,22)

Durum wheat, spring wheat 1-6 leaves on main stem 3 tillers (Zadoks 1 1-16,23)

Do not apply Puma^^® Super alone in barley. Always tank mix with a recommended
broadleaf weed partner.

Weed stage: Annual grassy weeds: Wild oats, green foxtail, yellow foxtail and barnyard grass: 1 - 6 leaf
stage up to emergence of the third tiller. Plants must be actively growing. Weeds that emerge after
application will not be controlled.

Broadleaf weeds: When tank mixing with a broadleaf weed herbicide, consult the appropriate label for
proper timing of application, weeds controlled and any possible recropping restrictions.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment, aircraft.

Rate: 312 mL/ac. Under low wild oat infestations and when applying Puma^^° Super alone in
wheat: 270 mL/ac. Green foxtail control only: 156 mL/ac.

Water volume: Ground: 22.5 - 45 L/ac in barley and wheat. Air: 13.5 L/ac or more.

Pressure: Ground: 275 kPa; Air: no less than 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Only 110° or 80° flat fan nozzles are recommended. Uniform, thorough coverage is important for
good control.

Mixing instructions:

1. Ensure that the spray tank is thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the tank half full with clean water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. If a broadleaf herbicide is to be tank mixed, add the broadleaf herbicide first prior to adding Puma^^°
Super.

4. Slowly add the correct amount of Puma^^° Super to the spray tank. Agitate thoroughly.

5. Triple rinse the emptied containers into the spray tank.

6. Add the remaining amount of water while agitation continues. Spray out immediately. Spray mixture
should not be left in the tank overnight.

7. When mixing second and subsequent tankfuls, ensure that the tank is half-full of clean water prior to
adding herbicide, and follow steps 2 - 6.

8. Thoroughly clean the spray tank by flushing with a water/detergent mixture after using Puma^^° Super or
before using any other pesticide.

8. Application Tips: A time interval of 7 days prior to application or 4 days after application of Puma^^° Super
is required before any other pesticide can be applied, except for those recommended on the label. During
periods of stress, plants are not actively growing. When daytime temperatures before and after application
are very hot and are combined with very dry conditions and low humidity, plants are under stress.
Application of Puma^^° Super during these periods may result in substantially reduced control. Application of
the spray at a forward angle of 45° will result in better penetration of the canopy and better coverage. Do
not apply to crop stressed by severe weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil,
disease or insect damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl: Contact as well as systemic, no soil activity. Regions of high
meristematic activity, such as root and shoot tips, are known to be affected.

10. Expected Results:

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected within 1 hour of application.

224

Puma’2“ Super (cont'd)

12. Movement in Soil: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl appears to undergo rapid hydrolysis in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions: observe a minimum of 25 days before grazing livestock on crops treated with
Puma^^° Super.

Pre-harvest interval: 65 days.

14. Toxicity: Acute oral (rats) = 3,735 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: May cause eye damage. Causes eye and skin irritation. Protect yourself by reducing
skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and
neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the
pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and

: Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Do not
re-enter treated areas within 12 hours of application.

|16. Storage: Keep away from fire or open flame or other sources of heat. Cannot be stored below freezing. If
stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using. Store the tightly closed containers away from seeds,

I fertilizer, plants and foodstuffs. Do not use or store in or around the home. Keep in original container during
I storage.

17. Resistance Management: Puma^^° Super is a Group l herbicide. Any weed population may contain or

develop plants naturally resistant to Puma^^° Super and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
' mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Pursuit (imazethapyr)

Group 2

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

1 . Formulations: Aqueous solution; 240 g/L; 3.3 L container.

2. Registered Mixes:

CLEARFIELD canola: Poast Ultra.

Field peas: Poast Ultra, at 190 mL/ac -I- Merge at 1 L/lOO L water volume.

Seed alfalfa (seedling and established) and dry beans: None.

Surfactants: Pursuit alone:

Non-ionic surfactant (minimum of 80% active ingredient) such as Ag-Surf or Agral 90 or Surf 92 (added at
the rate of 0.25% of the water volume).

Tank mixes: With Poast Ultra, add Merge at 1 L/ 100 L water volume; Check Poast Ultra, Select and Venture
label for recommendations.

Mixing instructions: For Pursuit alone: Fill sprayer tank with 1/2 the required amount of water. Add the
required amount of Pursuit herbicide while agitating, followed by the required amount of surfactant. Add
remainder of water. For tank mixes, check Poast Ultra, Select and Venture label for recommendations.
Mixing rates: See Poast Ultra for tank mixing rates.

3. Crops: Chickling vetch/green peas, CLEARFIELD canola, field peas*, pink dry beans*, pinto dry beans, red
dry beans, seed alfalfa (seedling and established).

* Black, Grey Wooded and irrigated Brown soil zones only.

225

Herbicides

Pursuit (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

Weeds Controlled:

Chickling vetch/green pea, CLEARFIELD canola, peas: Chickweed, cleavers, green foxtail,
hemp-nettle, redroot pigweed, shepherd’s-purse, smartweed, stinkweed, volunteer canola (except
CLEARFIELD canola), wild buckwheat, wild mustard, wild oats.

Dry beans: Hairy nightshade.

Established alfalfa (seed): Redroot pigweed, stinkweed, wild mustard, volunteer canola.

Seedling alfalfa (seed): Redroot pigweed, smartweed, stinkweed, volunteer canola, wild mustard.
Weeds Suppressed: Chickling vetch/green pea. CLEARFIELD canola: lamb’s-quarters, volunteer barley,
volunteer wheat. Established alfalfa: green foxtail. Peas: lamb’s-quarters. Seedling alfalfa: lamb’s-quarters,
common groundsel, shepherd’s-purse, green foxtail.

When Used:

Crop stage: CLEARFIELD canola: 1 - 4 leaf stage. Field peas: up to and including the 6th node stage.
Established alfalfa (for seed production only): 1 - 4 trifoliate leaf stage of alfalfa; apply before alfalfa reaches
30 cm in height. Seedling alfalfa, apply only in the year of establishment and only one application of Pursuit
during the life of the alfalfa stand, on stands that will remain for 3 years or more. In established alfalfa
stands used for seed production only, do not make more than one application per year and do not apply in
the last year of the alfalfa stand. Chickling vetch/green pea: 5 - 7 leaf stage. Dry beans: Up to and including
the second trifoliate.

Weed stage: Apply early post-emergence, up to the 4 true leaf stage of actively growing weeds.

Wild oats: 2 - 4 leaf stage. Hairy nightshade: up to 6 leaf stage.

How to Apply:

Witb: Ground equipment only.

Rate: 85 mL/ac.

Surfactant: 1 L non-ionic surfactant/400 litres of spray solution when using Pursuit alone.

Water volume: 40- 160 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended; tilted 45° forward for better penetration. 50-mesh screens and filters.

Incorporation: Not applicable.

Application Tips: Do not spray if freezing temperatures are forecast.

How it Works: Absorbed by foliage and roots. Disrupts plant metabolism causing growth to stop. Works best
under good growing conditions.

Expected Results: Susceptible weeds stop growing within 24 - 48 hours. Yellow striping and purplish or
reddish discolouration of the leaves may occur. Leaves begin to die in 3 - 10 days starting with the youngest
and moving to the older leaves. Death of the plant may occur in 1 - 3 weeks.

Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours of application may reduce activity.

Movement in Soil: is not leached appreciably.

Cropping Restrictions: Only one application of Pursuit may be made during the season.

Field peas: May be fed to livestock 30 days after application.

CLEARFIELD canola: Do not graze or cut for hay, insufficient data to support such use.

Alfalfa: May be grazed or harvested for forage 14 days after application.

Miniumum interval to harvest: Field peas: 60 days; CLEARFIELD canola 70 days; dry beans: 75 days;
chickling vetch/green pea: 60 days.

226

Pursuit (cont'd)

Succeeding crops:

Black, Grey Wooded and Irrigated Brown soil zones: Spring wheat, CLEARFIELD canola, field peas,
j lentils and alfalfa may be planted the season following a Pursuit application. Barley may be planted in the
black and grey wooded soil zones the season following application. Non-CLEARFIELD canola can be grown
in the third year after Pursuit application (e.g. if you used Pursuit in 2001, you can grow conventional canola
in 2004). Perform a bioassay on other crops prior to planting them on a field-scale. In case of crop failure,
replant only to CLEARFIELD canola or field peas the year of application.

1 4. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) 5,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish, birds and
bees.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard

* hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a

i waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further

i information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store at temperatures above 0°C. If product is exposed to temperatures below 0°C during shipment
or storage, make sure the product has thawed completely and shake container vigorously.

17. Resistance Management: Pursuit is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop

i plants naturally resistant to Pursuit and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the

I weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that

j are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also

i exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Pursuit Ultra (sethoxydim -t- imazethapyr)

Group 1,2

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

1. Formulations: Poast ultra - 450 g/L emulsifiable concentrate; 7.7 L; Pursuit - 240 g/L liquid; 1.65 L;
Merge - 2 x 8.1 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: CLEARFIELD canola, field peas.

Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass

Persian darnel

volunteer barley

wild buckwheat'

chickweed

proso millet

volunteer canola (non-

wild mustard

cleavers

redroot pigweed*

CLEARFIELD varieties)

wild oat

green foxtail

smartweed

volunteer corn

witchgrass

hemp-nettle*

stinkweed

volunteer wheat

yellow foxtail

* Field peas only.

** Light infestations.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Quackgrass.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: CLEARFIELD canola: After the 1 leaf stage. Field peas: Up to the 6th above ground node stage
(6 true leaves) .

Weed stage: Grassy weeds: 1 to 6 leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds: Up to 4 leaf stage.

227

Herbicides

Pursuit Ultra (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only.

Rate: Poast Ultra - 0.19 L/ac; Pursuit - 0.04 L/ac.

Surfactant: Add Merge at 0.4 L/ac in a water volume of 10 gal/ac (45 L/ac).

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa (40 psi).

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles tilted forward at a 45° angle.

8. Application Tips: Do not spray if freezing temperatures are forecast. Treat when weeds are actively growing,
there is good soil moisture and crop is small enough to permit thorough coverage. Do not apply on weeds
stressed longer than 20 days due to lack of moisture as unsatisfactory control may result. Reduced weed
control may result if applied when weeds are stressed by hot, cold, dry or wet conditions. Control of grass
weeds may be reduced if temperatures are below 15°C. Prior to using Pursuit Ultra, ensure that the sprayer
has been cleaned according to the previous product manufacturer’s specifications or sprayer clean-out
recommendations.

9. How it Works: Poast Ultra is a systemic and a contact herbicide. It is absorbed through foliage and plant
roots and is translocated to growing points where it disrupts the plant metabolism causing growth to stop.

1 0. Expected Results: Susceptible weeds stop growing within 24 - 48 hours. Yellow striping and purplish or
reddish discolouration of the leaves may occur. Leaves begin to die in 3 - 10 days, starting with the youngest
and moving to the older leaves. Death of the plant may occur in 1 - 3 weeks. Susceptible grasses stop
growing immediately, gradually turn yellow and then brown. The time required for complete control is
normally 7-21 days (annual grasses). Control of quackgrass develops more slowly than control of annual
grasses. Pursuit Ultra is translocated through the quackgrass plant to the rhizomes and kills actively growing
rhizome buds, as well as above ground vegetation. Dormant rhizome buds will remain unaffected by the
spray, and regrowth can occur from these buds. The regrowth will not be significant until 6 - 8 weeks after
treatment, depending on growing conditions, crop cultivation practices and crop competition.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 1 hour of applying Poast Ultra may reduce grass weed control. For
Pursuit, rainfall within 6 hours may reduce activity. Contact manufacturer for more information.

12. Movement in Soil: Poast ultra: relatively immobile, breaks down rapidly in soil. Pursuit: is not leached
appreciably.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated area prior to maturity.

Recropping interval: Rotate to barley, spring wheat (not durum), lentils, alfalfa, field peas or
CLEARFIELD canola the year following application. Conduct a field bioassay (a test strip grown to maturity)
the year before growing any crop other than those listed above. Non-CLEARFIELD canola can be grown in
the third year after Pursuit Ultra application (e.g. if you used Pursuit Ultra in 2000, you can grow
conventional canola in 2003) . In case of crop failure, only field peas or CLEARFIELD canola may be re-
planted in the year of application. Note: Do not use in the Brown or Dark brown Soil zones as
rotational crops may be severely injured due to carryover in these soils. Do not apply
Pursuit to the same field two years in a row.

14. Toxicity: Sethoxydim: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = formulation 2,500 mg/kg.
Causes moderate skin and eye irritation. Low toxicity to birds, fish and bees. Hazards to the environment are
low because of rapid breakdown in soil. Imazethapyr: Low acute mammalian toxicity.

Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,000 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish, birds and bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

228

Pursuit Ultra (cont'd)

16.

17.

10.

11.

12.

Storage: May be stored at freezing temperatures. Warm to room temperature and agitate before use.
Resistance Management: Pursuit Ultra is both a Group 1 and a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Pursuit Ultra and other Group 1 and 2 herbicides. The
resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same
field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals,
such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be
followed (see page 38 - 42).

Pyramin (pyrazon)

Manufacturer. BASF Canada

Formulations: Flowable formulation 430 g/L; 3 L jugs.
Registered Mixes: Avadex BW, tca or Ro-Neet, Nortron sc.

Surfactants: Super Spreader.

Crops: Sugar beets.

Weeds Controlled:

black nightshade

chickweed

knotweed

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

oak-leaved goosefoot
prostrate pigweed
purslane
ragweed
redroot pigweed

Weeds Suppressed: None.

shepherd's-purse
smartweed
stinkweed
wild buckwheat

wild carrot
wild mustard
wormseed mustard
yellow rocket

When Used: Pyramin may be used as a pre-plant incorporated, pre-emergent or post-emergent treatment.
Post-emergent treatments should be applied before the weeds have 3 leaves.

How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate: Light soils: 3.3 L/ac. Heavy soils: 4.1 L/ac. Nortron tank mix - Pyramin: 2.12 L/ac -I-
Nortron SC: 1.48 L/ac.

Water volume: 40-101 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 350 kPa.

Nozzles: All standard low pressure nozzles delivering 40 - 101 L/ac.

Incorporation: Pre-plant - incorporate shallow. Fall ridging - apply P5n'amin in a 17.5 cm band and cover
with a 15 - 20 cm high ridge of soil. In the spring, level the ridges and leave guide marks to enable planting
the bands. Avoid levelling deeper than the chemical placement.

Application Tips: Pyramin must not be mixed into soil deeper than seed is planted to reduce beet injury.
How it Works: The active ingredient in Pyramin is absorbed by the roots and is translocated to the leaves.

Expected Results:

Weeds: If adequate moisture is present, the weeds will fail to emerge. If the soil is dry for a long time,
weeds that emerge and become well established will not be fully controlled, but small emerged weeds may
die back, once adequate moisture is present.

Effects of Rainfall: No effect.

Movement in Soil: Pyramin does not move readily in the soil and cannot be leached out.

229

Herbicides

Pyramin (cont'd)

13. Cropping Restrictions: None.

Drift: Care should be taken to avoid drift onto sensitive plants such as rapeseed and mustard.

Grazing restrictions: The tops of beets grown in Pyramin treated soil may be used for human
consumption or fed to livestock.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Oral (rats) = 3,030 mg/kg. No short term or long term
human health problems are associated with this product when used according to label. Non-toxic to bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store below 0°C.

1 . Formulations: Dry flowable; 50% thifensulfuron methyl, 25% tribenuron methyl; Toss-N-Go 320 g
(4 X 80 g) water soluble pouches.

2. Registered Mixes: Curtail M (600 mL/ac -t- surfactant); Lontrel (85 mL/ac) + surfactant; Lontrel -t- MCPA
(83 mL/ac Lontrel + 336 mL/ac MCPA Ester 500) -I- surfactant; Lontrel -I- 2,4-D (83 mL/ac Lontrel +

336 mL/ac 2,4-D Amine 500 or 240 mL/ac 2,4-D Ester LV 700) -I- surfactant; Accord (55 - 67 g/ac -I-
Merge 1.0 L/lOO L spray volume) ; Accord -I- Avenge 200-C (55 - 67 g/ac -I- 1.4 L/ac -I- Merge 1.0 L/lOO L
spray volume); MCPA (280 - 445 mL/ac Amine or Ester 500 -t- surfactant); 2,4-D (340 - 445 mL/ac
Amine 500 -f- surfactant; 280 - 365 mL/ac Ester 600 -I- surfactant; not for use on oats). *Assert, *Assert -I-
MCPA Ester, * Avenge, Horizon -I- Score surfactant (see Horizon label for mixing instructions),

Puma^^° Super (312 mL/ac or 156 mL/ac on green foxtail only); Attain (121 mL/ac of fluroxyp5n: -t-
225 mL/ac 2,4-D Ester).

* Do not use surfactant when tank mixing with grass herbicide unless specified on grass herbicide label.

Surfactants: Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Citowett Plus, Curtail M, Lontrel, Super Spreader. Use a surfactant when
Refine Extra is used alone or in a mixture with MCPA or 2,4-D.

3. Crops: Barley, durum wheat, oats, spring wheat, winter wheat. ^

Seedling or established grasses for forage or seed production

creeping red fescue meadow bromegrass slender wheatgrass tall fescue (seedling only)

crested wheatgrass northern wheatgrass smooth bromegrass tall wheatgrass

intermediate wheatgrass orchard grass streambank wheatgrass western wheatgrass

Kentucky bluegrass (established) pubescent wheatgrass

Under seeding: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes or grasses.

Refine Extra (thifensulfuron methyl +

tribenuron methyl)

CAUTION POISON

230

Refine Extra (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:
Refine Extra 8 g/ac alone
ball mustard
chickweed (8.5)
common groundsel
corn spurry (8.8)
cow cockle (8.7)
flixweed

green smartweed
hemp-nettle (8.4)
kochia (7.7)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.6)
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard

redroot pigweed (8.4)
Russian thistle (7.9)
shepherd's-purse (8.2)
stinkweed (8.6)
tartary buckwheat (8.3)

volunteer rapeseed

volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (7.7)
wild mustard (8.6)

(excluding smart-trait) (8.6)

Refine Extra 8 g/ac + MCPA or 2,4-D

ball mustard
burdocks (seedling)
chickweed (8.8)
cocklebur*
common groundsel
common plantain
corn spurry
cow cockle
false ragweed*
flixweed

giant ragweed*
green smartweed
hare's-ear mustard
hemp-nettle (8.2)
Indian mustard
kochia*
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.7)
narrow-leaved

prickly lettuce
ragweed* (8.3)

tartary buckwheat
tumble mustard
volunteer rapeseed

redroot pigweed* (8.7)
Russian pigweed*

(including smart-trait)
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat (7.7)
wild mustard
wild radish
wormseed mustard

Russian thistle

shepherd's-purse (7.9)

stinkweed (8.6)

stork's-bill (2 - 6 leaf) (8.2)
(2,4-D Ester only)

hawk's-beard

sweet clover**

* Use a minimum of 320 mL/ac of MCPA Amine 500.

** Refine Extra + 2,4-D only.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (7.1), cleavers (6.7), round-leaved mallow (6.4),
scentless chamomile (6.9), sow-thistle, stork’s-bill (6.7), toadflax (less than 15 cm tall) (7.1).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Refine Extra alone: Barley, oats, spring wheat (including durum), winter wheat: 2 leaf - flag
leaf stage.

Refine Extra + MCPA: Barley, oats, wheat: Full 3 leaf to expanded shot blade.

Refine Extra -1- 2,4-D: Barley and wheat: Full 3 leaf to expanded shot blade.

Refine Extra -I- Accord: Spring wheat, including durum: 2 - 5 leaf stage.

Weed stage: Apply to young, actively growing weeds before the canopy closes. Weeds emerging after
treatment may not be controlled. Wild buckwheat: 1 - 3 leaf stage and actively growing. Apply Refine
Extra -1- Curtail M -I- surfactant to actively growing wild buckwheat in the cotyledon to 5 leaf stage.

Cleavers: 1 - 3 whorl stage. Canada thistle, sow-thistle: Apply when the majority of the thistles have emerged
and are actively growing. For best top growth control, apply when thistles are no larger than 15 cm tall,
before bud stage and before crop canopy prevents thorough coverage of the thistles. A single application will
effectively inhibit the ability of emerged thistles to compete with the crop. Later emerging thistle will not be
controlled. Apply Refine Extra -I- Curtail M + surfactant post-emergent when the majority of the thistles
have emerged and are actively growing. For best control, apply when thistles are no larger than
15 cm tall, before the bud stage and before crop canopy prevents thorough coverage of the thistles. Later
emerging thistles will not be controlled. Chickweed: Apply when the chickweed is small (1-6 leaf) and
actively growing, but before crop canopy prevents thorough coverage of weeds. Chickweed emerging after
application will not be controlled. Round-leaved mallow: Apply to actively growing round-leaved mallow in
the 2 - 6 leaf stage (10 - 12 cm in height). Refine Extra will keep mallow stunted but may not reduce the
overall populations. Toadflax: Apply when toadflax is no taller than 15 cm in height. A control program for
this weed includes both frequent tillage and chemical application.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Barley, wheat (spring, winter, durum), oats: Refine Extra 8 g/ac.

Surfactant: 2 L/1,000 L of spray solution.

Water volume: 22 L/ac (minimum).

231

Herbicides

Refine Extra (cont'd)

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan t)rpe. Use 50 mesh of larger screens. Use only metal or nylon filters.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid injury to susceptible crops, clean sprayer thoroughly immediately after
spraying. Ammonia must be used to deactivate Refine Extra when cleaning.

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Visually inspect
tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Refine Extra. If necessary, repeat step 1.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum 3% ammonia)
per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water and ammonia
to completely fill tank so that all surfaces are in contact with the solution. Allow to sit for 15 minutes
with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain tank.

3. Nozzles and screens should be removed and cleaned seperately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and
water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Higher spray volumes are required for dense crop canopy and/or large weeds. Weeds
should be less than 10 cm tall or across at application. Effectiveness of Refine Extra may be reduced if it
remains in the tank for more than 24 hours. Use Assert tank mixes within 12 hours.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Growth stops immediately. Discolouration of dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks
after application depending on growing conditions and weed species. Poor results may be expected if
there is improper mixing, timing, coverage or when weeds are under drought stress.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 4 hours of application may lessen degree of weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Refine Extra moves little in the soil and disappears from the soil quickly.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Barley, wheat and oats may be grazed or fed to livestock 7 days after application of
Refine Extra. Do not plant to any crop until 2 months after application. Do not exceed a total of 8 g/ac per
crop year. Do not apply Refine Extra plus Accord tank mix or Refine Extra plus Accord plus Avenge 200-C
tank mix more than once every 2 years.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay within 7 days of application of these
mixes.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

1 5. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Refine Extra is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Refine Extra and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38 - 42).

232

Reglone Desiccant (diquat)

Group 22

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid. 240 g/L diquat; 10 L jug, 110 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Surfactant: Agral 90, Ag-Surf.

3. Crops:

adzuki beans
alfalfa

bird's-foot trefoil
canola*

dry peas
field peas
flax

kidney beans

lentils

mustard

potatoes

red beans sunflowers (all)

red clover white beans

soybeans white clover

* Argentine canola varieties: should only be used to facilitate harvest of lodged crops. Losses can occur due to pod drop
and pod shatter from handling and if unfavourable weather conditions occur.

4. Weeds Controlled: Non-selective for green vegetation, used for weed control and crop desiccation for

!' harvest.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Not applicable.

6. When Used: For crop desiccation:

Alfalfa, clover (for seed), trefoil: Prior to seed harvest. To prevent seed pods from shattering and
subsequent loss of seed, the interval between spra5dng and harvest should not exceed 7 days.

Note: Do not use Reglone on forage legumes that have been with a residual herbicide in the past
12 months.

Beans, soybeans: Application should coincide with 80 - 90% natural leaf defoliation.

Canola: When the crop is at the 60 - 70% seed turn (green to brown) stage.

Chickpeas: Desi type: Apply when majority of plants are yellow, most pods are mature and seed colour
has turned. Kabuli type: Apply when majority of plants are ripe and dry. Determine the youngest pod you
will be able to harvest. Seeds from this pod should be detached and turning colour (green to white).

Note: Chickpeas treated with Reglone Desiccant cannot be used for seeding purposes.

Flaxseed: When the crop is at the 75% boll turn stage (normal swathing time).

Lentils: When swathing would normally commence, lowermost pods are yellow-brown and rattle.
Mustard: When the crop is at the 75% seed turn (green to brown) stage.

Peas: When the crop has reached maturity.

Potato vines: At least 2 weeks before harvest. Do not apply Reglone during drought periods, especially
when soil is so dry that plant leaves wilt during the day. After such conditions wait at least 3 days after soil
has been moistened by rain or irrigation.

Sunflowers: When the seeds reach maturity (20 - 50% moisture in the seed and hull).

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment. Booms on ground equipment must be high enough to ensure proper
coverage of foliage.

233

Reglone Desiccant (cont'd)

Rate:

Reglone: Add Agral 90 at 1 L/1,000 L spray mixture.

Ground application

Aerial application

Reglone

Water volume

Reglone

Water

l/ac

L/ac

Alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil, clover (for seed)

0.68 - 1.1

90 - 220

0.68-1.1

Beans, soybeans (normal crop)

0.68

90 - 220

0.68

Beans, soybeans (dense crop)

0.68

90 - 220

Canola, chickpeas*, flaxseed, lentils, mustard.

0.68

90 - 220

0.68

peas, sunflowers (normal crop, no weeds)

Canola, flaxseed, lentils, mustard, peas.

0.68

sunflowers (dense crop, weedy)

Potatoes (top growth fully mature.

0.68

220 - 445

0,68

top growth light and weedy)

Potatoes (light stands, little weed growth)

0.68 - 1.0

220 - 445

0.68 - 1.0

Potatoes (heavy stands or weedy fields)

1.4

220 - 445

1.4

* Not registered for aerial application.

Note: Add Agral 90 or Ag-Surf at the rate of 1 L/1,000 L of spray solution

Water volume: Aircraft: 18 L/ac. Ground: 100 - 400 L/ac. Higher volumes for best results.

Alfalfa, canola, clover, trefoil, beans, soybeans, flax, mustard, peas, sunflowers:

90- 180 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 400 kPa.

Nozzles: Aircraft flat fan type or hollow cone type (D8, DIO or D12 disc with 46 or 56 swirl plate). For
ground application, flat fan.

8. Application Tips: Muddy water will reduce effectiveness. Applications made on cloudy days or just prior to
or during periods of darkness will increase effectiveness. Polish varieties may be straight combined.
Immature weeds may require higher application rates to increase effectiveness.

9. How it Works: Reglone is a contact type herbicide; therefore, thorough spray coverage is essential.

Absorbed by all leaf and stem surfaces, non-systemic. Interferes with photosynthesis.

Warning: During adverse weather (heavy rain, hail or strong winds), the resultant damage to crops may be
enhanced.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Fast and virtually complete top kill of annual weeds. Yellowing starts within a few hours of
application. Desiccation of the plant will continue rapidly till death.

Crops: Leaf kill will occur within a few days of application. Stem dry-down will take longer depending on
the crop; however, harvesting should normally commence within 7 - 14 days. Crop losses can occur due to
pod drop and pod shatter from handling and if unfavourable weather conditions occur.

11. Effects of Rainfall: No effect once the spray solution has dried.

12. Movement in Soil: Binds to the soil and becomes biologically unavailable. No residual effect.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Crop waste remaining after harvest (e.g. pea and lentil vines, alfalfa stems, etc.)
may be used as a feed supplement for livestock. Prevent drift onto crops, ornamental plants, lawns,
shelterbelts, grazing areas, wildlife cover, wetlands and other desirable growth.

234

Reglone Desiccant (cont'd)

1 4. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 230 mg/kg. Potential to cause eye
damage, if eyes are constantly exposed. May cause oral and nasal irritation shortly after use. Does
not cause lung damage. May cause burns upon contact with skin and eyes. Intake can cause kidney failure
and liver damage.

15. Procautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage is necessary. Store in original container, tightly closed in a safe place away from
children.

17. Resistance Management: Reglone Desiccant is a Group 22 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Reglone Desiccant and other Group 22 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Remedy/Garlon 4 (triclopyr)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Remedy: Emulsifiable concentrate; 480 g/L; 10 L jug.

Garlon4: Emulsifiable concentrate; 480 g/L; 10 Ljug; 110 L container.

Note: Garlon 4 is available only to authorized pesticide applicators.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Remedy: Pasture, rangeland. Garlon 4: Communication lines, fence rows, industrial
manufacturing, pipelines, power lines, rail roads, roadsides, storage sites, utility rights-of-way.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Brush

alder

birch

dogwood

pine*

tamarack

aspen

chokecherry*

elderberry

poison oak

wild rose

balsam poplar*

* Hard to control.

cottonwood

maples*

raspberry*

willow

Weeds

burdock

dandelion

lamb's-quarters

smartweed

curled dock

field bindweed

ragweed

smooth bedstraw

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Foliar applications: For best results, application of Remedy or Garlon 4 should be made when brush is
actively growing. Applications can commence once leaves are fully expanded and continue until 10 days
prior to the first signs of autumn colouration. Unsatisfactory results are likely if foliage has lost its normal
colour and/or texture.

Basal bark applications: Any time (dormant or growing) the target zone of the stem and/or root collar
can be clearly seen and treated. Stems must be dry when application is made.

235

Herbicides

Remedy/Garlon 4 (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

A. Ground application

With: Boom, Radi-arc, OC nozzles, handgun or backpack.

Rate:

Brush: 1.6 - 3.2 L/ac.

Weeds: 0.4- 1.6 L/ac.

Water volume: 80 L/ac or more.

Nozzles: Apply with a medium or coarse droplet nozzle that will ensure good uniform coverage of leaves.

B. Aerial application

With: Fixed wing or rotary wing aircraft.

Rate:

Brush: 1.6 - 3.26/ac.

Water volume: 18 L/ac minimum. 60 L/ac with a thru-valve boom.

Nozzles: Apply with a medium or coarse droplet nozzle that will ensure good uniform coverage of leaves.

8. Application Tips:

Foliar application: Weeds and brush should be actively growing. Best results occur when uniform
coverage occurs. Higher application volumes (80 L/ac or more), depending on the application system,
provide the desired uniformity of coverage. The key to successful applicaiton is even uniform application
with no shadows or scattered, large splotch drops on target plants. Do not treat woody plants more than
2.5 m in height. For woody plants exceeding 2.5 metres, cut and spray regrowth or use basal bark treatment.
Use higher rates for species listed as hard to control. Use higher rate for late summer application when plant
growth rates are reduced. If lower rates are used on hard to control species, resprouting may occur and
treatment may be necessary the following year. Do not contaminate water. Keep out of lakes, streams, ponds,
irrigation ditches and domestic water supplies. Avoid drift or overspray of vegetable crops, grapes, fruits,
flowers and other desirable broadleaf plants.

Streamline basal bark treatment: Use 20 or 30 L of Remedy or Garlon 4 in enough mineral oil dilutent
to make 100 L of spray mixture. Use on stems that are 8 cm in basal diameter. Apply sufficient spray to form
a band 5 cm wide. If stems are 8-15 cm in diameter, treat both sides of the stem so that a 5 cm wide band is
treated. Direct spray to a point on the stem 30 - 50 cm above ground level. Old rough bark may require more
spray than smooth young bark. Apply any time, including winter months, except when snow or water
prevent spraying at desired height above ground level. To control resprouting of cut stumps of woody
species, mix 20 - 30 L of Remedy or Garlon 4 in enough mineral oil to make 100 L of spray mixture. Apply
with a backpack sprayer using a flat fan or a solid cone nozzle. Thoroughly wet outer portion of the cut
surface adjacent to the cambium and the sides of the stumps, including the root collar area, but not to the
point of runoff. Apply at any time including winter months, except when snow or water prevents spraying to
the ground line. Care must be given to ensure treatment of all cut stems in a clump.

9. How it Works: Interferes with cell division and elongation, causing leaf cupping, stem distortion and
eventual death. Remedy/Garlon 4 is absorbed through leaves and stems of susceptible plants.

1 0. Expected Results: Within l or 2 weeks of treatment, leaves of treated vegetation display cupping and
browning. Within the first season, smaller twigs and stems become brittle and die.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rain within 2 hours of application may cause poor results to occur.

12. Movement in Soil: Triclopyr is relatively strongly bound to organic carbon and clay colloids, so movement
with soil water is unlikely to occur.

236

Remedy/Garlon 4 (cont'd)

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions:

Grazing or harvesting green forage:

1. Lactating dairy animals:

Up to 1.9 L/ac - Do not feed for 14 days following treatment.

1.9 - 3.2 L/ac - Do not feed for 60 days following treatment.

2. Other livestock:

Up to 1.9 L/ac - No restriction.

1.9 - 3.2 L/ac - Do not feed for 14 days following treatment.

Note: If less than 25% of grazed area is treated, there is no grazing restriction (for other livestock
only).

Ha5ring (harvesting of dried forage) :

I 1. Lactating dairy animals:

j Do not feed hay which has been harvested within 60 days of treatment.

2. Other livestock:

Up to 1.9 L/ac - Do not harvest hay for 7 days following treatment,
j 1.9 - 3.2 L/ac - Do not harvest hay for 14 days following treatment.

|l 4. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (male rats) = technical triclopyr 729 mg/kg;
Formulated product = 2,460 mg/kg.

|I5. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard

, hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a

waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

I If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

^ 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place above -2°C. If stored below -2°C, agitate before use.

[17. Resistance Management: Remedy/Garlon 4 is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Remedy/Garlon 4 and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
I may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other

' resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as

j enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
I (see page 38 - 42).

1. Formulations: 240 g/L; 4 x 3.78 L case.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: For control of weeds in still or slow moving water of farm ditches, farm dugouts, farm ponds, lakes
and canals.

4. Weeds Controlled: Canada waterweed, coontail, duckweed, pondweeds, water milfoil.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Algae: Cladophora, Pithophora and Spirogyra will be temporarily controlled.

Reward

CAUTION POISON

Herbicides

Reward (cont'd)

6. When Used: Apply only after weeds are visible and in an active growth stage, which is normally sometime
in late May through June as growth depends on water temperatures. Application must be made to actively
growing weeds before they become so thick that they make application difficult. Application to dense growth
of mature or fully established weeds will not give satisfactory control.

7. How to Apply:

For floating weeds, use surface application: Dilute one part Reward with at least four parts clean
water and spray over water surface. Apply from the banks of small bodies of water.

For submerged weeds, inject below the water surface: A suction type of boat bailer is mounted on
the cavitation plate of an outboard motor and the end of the inlet tube inserted into a solution containing
one part Reward diluted with at least 10 parts of clean water (a backpack sprayer may also be used). Make
lines of travel at regular intervals through the water (3 m or less apart) over the area to be treated until the
whole area has received a uniform application.

Rate:

For areas less than 1.5 m (5 feet) deep: 7.4 L/ac.

For areas more than 1.5 m (5 feet) deep: 10 - 11.8 L/ac.

Calculating area to be treated: length (m) x width (m) 10,000 m^ x 2.47 = acres.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply to muddy water and do not agitate water excessively during one or two days
after treatment as the effectiveness of the chemical will be reduced. Use clean water for diluting the
chemical. Do not use wetting agents or surfactants for water treatment. Repeat treatment may be necessary
if weed growth reappears. Avoid application or drift onto crops or other desirable growth.

9. How it Works: Reward is a contact herbicide. Thorough coverage on the weeds is essential to ensure
satisfactory control. Interferes with photos)mthesis.

10. Expected Results: Control of susceptible weeds generally occurs within 1 - 2 weeks.

11. Effects of Rainfall: None.

12. Movement in Soil: Is absorbed rapidly and becomes biologically inactive and unavailable upon contact with
soil, mud or lake bottoms.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not use treated water for at least 24 hours after application for swimming or
animal consumption. For human consumption and irrigation do not use for at least 5 days after treatment. In
water containing fish, do not treat more than 1/4 to 1/3 of the area at one time, otherwise the dying weeds
over a large area will cause a serious loss of oxygen which may result in injury or kill the fish.

14. Toxicity: Acute mammalian toxicity. Oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,389 mg/kg. Potential to cause eye damage, if eyes
are constantly exposed. May cause oral and nasal irritation shortly after use. May cause burns upon contact
with skin and eyes. Intake can cause kidney failure and liver damage.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store above 0°C. If frozen, warm to room temperature, agitate gently until reconstituted.

1 7. Resistance Management: Reward is a Group 22 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Reward and other Group 22 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

238

Roundup Weather Max/
Roundup Transorb/Roundup
Original/Roundup Pry (glyphosate)

Group 9

Manufacturer; Monsanto Canada in<

1. Formulations:

CAUTION IRRITANT

Weather Max: 540 g/L glyphosate acid equivalent (present as potassium salt), 10 L, 115 L, 450 L, 1,000 L.
Transorb: 360 g/L gl)rphosate acid equivalent (present as isopropylamine salt), 10 L, 115 L, 450 L, 750 L,
1,200 L.

Original: 356 g/L glyphosate acid equivalent (present as isopropylamine salt), 10 L, 115 L, 450 L, 750 L.
Dry: Water soluble granules; 68.5 glyphosate acid equivalent (present as monoammonium salt),

10,95 kg/box.

2. Registered Mixes:

Chemical fallow: 2,4-D (Amine or Ester) or Banvel II or Pardner + non-ionic surfactant.

Minimum tillage: Pardner -l- non-ionic surfactant, 2,4-D (Amine and Ester) or Banvel II or Pardner -I-
non-ionic surfactant.

Roundup Ready canola: Lontrel.

Surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90, Companion, Enhance, Frigate.

3. Crops: Prior to planting (all crops), fall stubble treatment, spot treatment (in-crop), non-crop areas,
minimum or zero till cropping systems, pasture renovation, summerfallow, preharvest in flax (including
linola), wheat, barley, oats, canola, lentils, peas, soybeans, dry beans, forages.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Annuals

annual bluegrass (9.0)

giant foxtail

narrow-leaved vetch

volunteer canola

annual sow-thistle

green foxtail

Persian darnel

volunteer corn

Canada fleabane

hemp-nettle

prickly lettuce

volunteer flax

cleavers*

kochia

redroot pigweed

volunteer mustard

common ragweed

lady's-thumb

Russian thistle

volunteer wheat

cow cockle*

lamb's-quarters

shepherd's-purse

wild buckwheat (6.7)

dodder

large crabgrass

stinkweed

wild mustard

downy brome

narrow-leaved

volunteer barley

wild oats

flixweed

hawk's-beard

Perennials

alfalfa

curled dock

Japanese knotweed

quackgrass

Canada bluegrass

dandelion

Kentucky bluegrass

smooth bromegrass

Canada thistle (7.8)

field bindweed

perennial sow-thistle

toadflax

cattail

foxtail barley

poison ivy

wormwood

common milkweed

hemp dogbane

purple loosestrife

yellow nutsedge

cottontop

hoary cress

Brush

alder maple

poplar

sheep laurel willow

birch pine

raspberry

snowberry

* Transorb/Original only

5. Weeds Suppressed: Some weeds suppressed at lower rates.

239

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

6. When Used:

■ Annual weeds: Grassy and broadleaf weeds at least 15 cm tall and actively growing. Dodder: spot
treatment in sugar beets.

Perennial weeds:

Canada thistle (bud stage): At or beyond bud stage of growth.

Canada thistle (fall rosette): 15 cm in diameter and at least 5 weeks of growth. Majority of them in a
rosette stage.

Dandelion: Prior to seeding and post harvest.

Field bindweed: At or beyond full bloom and actively growing.

Milkweed: Bud to full bloom stage of growth.

Note: Reduced results may occur on plants treated after full bloom.

Quackgrass (spring, summerfallow, preharvest, fall stubble): At least 20 cm in height (3 - 4 leaf
stage) of growth and actively growing.

Quackgrass (fall tilled ground) : Delay application in the spring until majority of quackgrass has
4 - 5 leaves. This stage usually occurs 1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled ground than on undisturbed ground.
Other perennials: Mostly in head and early bud stage.

Brush: Actively growing brush from June through August.

7. How to Apply: Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may
be formed.

With: Ground equipment only: boom equipment, handgun, high volume equipment, wipers.

Rate:

Annual Weed Control

Rate (per ac)

Growth stage

Weeds controlled

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 L/ac water}

Weather Max

Weeds up to

Green foxtail, lady's-thumb,

For wild oats, apply at 1 - 3 leaf stage.

0.2 L

8 cm in height

stinkweed, volunteer barley,

Add 0.1 4 L of a surfactant registered for

Transorb/Original

non glyphosate tolerant volunteer

use such as Agral 90, Ag-Surf and

0.3 L

canola, volunteer wheat,

Companion.

Dry

wild mustard, wild oats.

For heavy wild oat infestations, use

0.16 kg

0.27 L/ac of Weather Max.

Weather Max

Weeds 8 cm to

For annual grasses listed above

Add 0.4 L of surfactant registered for

0.27 L

15 cm in height

plus foxtail barley*"' (suppression

use as listed above.

Transorb/Original

Apply before initiation or senescence.

0.4 L

All other broadleaf weeds listed

** Suppression only.

Dry

above plus flixweed** and

0.21 kg

kochia**.

Weather Max

Weeds up to

All annual grasses listed above

No additional surfactant is required.

0.33- 0.5 1L

15 cm in height

plus downy brome, giant foxtail.

Transorb/Originai

Persian darnel.

* Do not use these rates on plants

0.51 - 0.77L

All annual broadleaf weeds listed

greater than 8 cm in height.

Dry

above plus Canada fleabane.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use 0.51 L/ac

0.27 - 0.40kg

cleavers, common ragweed*,

of Weather Max.

flixweed, hemp-nettle,

*** For weeds 8 - 1 5 cm in height.

lamb's-quarters,

narrow-leaved hawk's-beard**\

use 0.77 L/ac rate.

redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
volunteer flax, wild buckwheat**.

(continued)

240

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control (continued)
Rate (per ac) Growth stage

Weather Max
0.61 L

Transorb/Original
0.91 L
Dry

0.48 kg

Weather Max
0.94 L

Transorb/Original
1.42 L
Dry

0.74 kg

Weeds up to
1 5 cm in height

Weeds over
1 5 cm in height

Weeds controlled

Alt annual grasses listed above,
plus annual blue grass, crab grass.
All broadleaf weeds listed above
plus annual sow-thistle, kochia,
narrow-leaved vetch, prickly lettuce,
shepherd's-purse.

All annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds listed above.

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 lyac water)

For additional broadleaf weed control
option, refer to tank mix table.

Perennial Weed Control

Application rate

Weather

Transorb/

Weed/

Max

Original

Dry

Water

Growth stage

(L/ac)

(l/ac)

(kg/ac)

volume (lyac)

Comments

Alfalfa

Early bud to
full bloom stage.
Fall application
only.

1 - 1.34

1.5 -2.0

0.80-1.1

20-120

Allow 5 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

Use the higher rates when alfalfa
populations are high or when heavy
grass infestations are also present.
For spring applications and control
in minimum tillage systems using
a 2,4-D tank mix, see section 8.

Canada thistle

Rosette stage
(summer fallow)

0.67

0.53

20 - 40

Allow 1 0 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

Bud stage or
beyond

Dandelion

1.28 - 1.89

1.9 -2.8

1.0 -1.5

20-120

Allow 5 or more days after
treatmenat before tillage.

<15cm

0.67

1 0

0.53

20-40

Allow 3 or more days after
treatment before tillage for all rates.

>15 cm

1 - 1 .34

1 .5 - 2.0

0.80-1.1

20-40

Use the higher rates when
infestations are heavy.

Rosette to full
bloom (preharvest)

Field bindweed

0.67

1 .0

0.53

20-40

Allow 7 or more days after pre-
harvest treatment before tillage.

Full bloom or
beyond

1 .89 - 3.24

2.8 - 4.8

1.0 -1.5

20-120

Allow 7 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

(continued)

241

Herbicides

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)
Perennial Weed Control (continued)

Application rate

Weather

Transorb/

Weed^ Max

Original

Dry

Water

Growth stage (i/ac)

Foxtail barley

(lyac)

(kg/ac)

votumo (L/ac)

Commants

Seedling to 0.67-1 .34

heading

1-2

0.53-1.1

20-40

Allow a minimum of 1 day after
treatment before tillage or seeding.
Use higher rate for larger, more
established plants, heavy
infestations or if plants are
stressed.

(control, light to moderate infestations)

3 - 4 green 0.67 1 0.53

leaves or more

(long-term control, heavy infestations, high water volumes)

20-120

Allow 3 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

For higher water volumes
(i.e. 60 - 120 L/ac), an approved
surfactant must be added at
0.5 litres per 1 00 litres of clean
water (0.5% v/v).

3 - 4 green 0.67 - 1 .89

leaves or more

1 -2.8

0.53-1.5

20-120

Allow 3 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

Rates higher than 0.67 l/ac of
Weather Max provide more
consistent long-term control,
especially with heavier infestations
and/or higher water volumes
(I.e. 60 - 120 L/ac).

Vegetative stage 0.67

(summer fallow)

0.53

20-40

Allow 7 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

242

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control with Roundup Tank Mixtures (summer fallow and minimum tillage systems)

Comments

Tank mixtures

Rate (per ac)

Product -h Banvel II

Weather Max

0.20 - 0.27 L
+ 0.12L

Transorb/Original

0.3 - 0.4 L
-h0.12L

Dry

0.16-0.21 kg
+ 0.12 L

Product + 2,4-D LV Ester 600*****
Weather Max 0.20 - 0.27 L

+ 0.48 L

Transorb/Original

0.3 - 0.4 L
0.48 L

Dry

0.16-0.21 kg
0.48 L

Product -H 2,4-D LV Ester 600*****
Weather Max 0.33 - 0.50 L

+ 0.24 - 0.36 L

Transorb/Original

0.5 - 0.75 L
+ 0.24 ■ 0.36 L

Dry

0.27 - 0.4 kg
+ 0.24 - 0.36 L

Weeds controlled

Cow cockle, flixweed, green foxtail,
kochia, lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
stinkweed, non glyphosate tolerant
volunteer canola (rapeseed),
volunteer cereals, wild buckwheat**,
wild mustard*, wild oats.

Flixweed, green foxtail*, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters**,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
stinkweed, volunteer canola
(rapeseed), volunteer cereals,
wild mustard, wild oats.

Bluebur, burdock, Canada fleabane,
common plantain, daisy fleabane,
downy brome, flixweed, giant foxtail,
goat's-beard, green foxtail, hemp-nettle,
kochia, lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
mustards (except dog & tansy),
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard****,
Persian darnel, prickly lettuce,
ragweeds, redroot pigweed,

Russian pigweed, Russian thistle,
shephercfs-purse, stinkweed,
sweet clover, thyme-leaved spurge,
volunteer cereals, volunteer flax,
volunteer Roundup Ready
(1-4 leaf stage), wild buckwheat***,
wild mustard, wild oats, wild radish,
wild sunfower.

(apply in 20 • 40 L/ac water and
add 0.14 lyac of surfactant)

This tank mixture is registered for
summer fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm
tall and actively growing for best
results.

Use higher rate if weeds are
beyond 8 cm in height.

This tank mixture is registered for
summer fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm
tall and actively growing for best
results.

Use higher rate if weeds are
beyond 8 cm in height.

Use this tank mixture prior to
seeding or after seeding but
before crop emergence in barley,
rye, spring and winter wheat.

No surfactant is required.

(continued)

243

Herbicides

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control with Roundup Tank Mixtures (summer fallow and minimum tillage systems) {continued}

(apply in 20 • 40 t/ac water and

Tank mixtures

Rate (per ac)

Weeds controlled

add 0.14 L/ac of surfactant)

Product + 2,4-D LV Ester 600*****

Weather Max

0.33 - 0.50 L
+ 0.49 - 0.61 L

Above weeds plus annual
sow-thistle, common chickweed,
common purslane, dog mustard,

Transorb/Orlginal

0.5 - 0.75 L
+ 04.9 - 0.61 L

groundsel, hawkweed, heal all,
knotweed, oak-leaved goosefoot,
peppergrass, pineapple weed,

Product + Pardner

0.27 - 0.4 kg
+ 0.49 - 0.61 L

prostrate pigweed, sheepsorrel,
smartweed, tansy mustard,
tumble pigweed, volunteer canola,

volunteer Roundup Ready canola
(4-6 leaf stage).

Weather Max

0.20 - 0.27 L

Green foxtail, kochia**,

This tank mixture is registered for

+ 0.5 L

lady's-thumb, redroot pigweed**,
stinkweed, volunteer canola (rapeseed),

summer fallow use only and prior
to barley, oats and wheat in

Transorb/Original

0.3 - 0.4 L

volunteer cereals, wild buckwheat*.

minimum tillage systems.

+ 0.5 L

wild mustard, wild oats**.

Weeds should be less than 1 5 cm
tall and actively growing for best

Dry

0.16 -0.17 kg
+ 0.5 L

results.

Use higher rate if weeds are

beyond 8 cm in height.

* Use the highest rate within the rate range for control.

** Suppression only. See other tank mixtures for control options.

*** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use the highest rate within the rate range for control.

**** For weeds 8 - 15 cm in height, use the highest rate within the rate range for control.

***** Adjust rates accordingly for other 2,4-D formulations.

244

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control with Roundup Tank Mixtures (summer fallow and minimum tillage systems}

Rate (lyac} Weeds controlled Comments (apply in 50 • 100 lyac water)

0.5 - 0.77
Roundup Transorb
0.2-0.28’

MCPA

0.5-0.77

Roundup Transorb -f-
0.2 - 0.4'

MCPA*

500 g/L formulation, if
another formulation is used,
adjust rate accordingly.

0.5 - 0.77

Roundup Transorb +

0.2 - 0.4’

Buctril M

Canada fleabane, common ragweed*,
downy brome, flixweed, gaint foxtail,
green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,

Persian darnel, redroot pigweed,

Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer
canola (rapeseed) (non-Roundup Ready),
volunteer flax, volunteer cereals,
wild buckwheat**, wild mustard,
wild mustard.

Bluebur', burdock (before 4 leaf stage),
false flax', flixweed, lamb's-quarters',
mustarcP (except dog & tansy),
prickly lettuce', ragweed', redroot pigweeif,
Russian pigweed', shepherd’ s-purse',
stinkweed', vetch', wild radish',
wild sunflower'.

Canada fleabane, common ragweed*,
downy brome, flixweed, giant foxtail,
green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,

Persian darnel, redroot pigweed,

Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer
canola (rapeseed) (non-Roundup Ready),
volunteer cereals, volunteer flax,
volunteer Roundup Ready Canola
(1 - 4 loaf stage)'-', wild buckwheat**,
wild mustard, wild oats.

Seedlings up to the 4 leaf stage':
American nightshade, ball mustard,
bluebur, cow cockle, flixweed,
green smartweed, kochia', lady's-thumb,
night-flowering catchfly, pale smartweed,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle',
scentless chamomile'’, shepherd's-purse.
Seedlings up to 6 leaf stage: Wild tomato.
Seedlings up to 8 leaf stage: Common
buckwheat, common goundsel, common
ragweed, lamb's-quarters, stinkweed,
tartary buckwheat, wild buckwheat,
wild mustard, wormseed mustard.
Perennials (top growth)': Canada thistle,
perennial sow-thistle.

Use this tank mix prior to seeding in

wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn (field 8

sweet), flax, and field peas.

No surfactant required.

* Do not use these rates on plants
greater than 8 cm in height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use 0.77 L/ac
rate.

*** For weeds 8 cm to 15 cm in height,
use 1.9 L/ac rate.

’ MCPA amine at 0.2 - 0.28 L/ac
(101 - 141 g ai/ac) prior to peas.

' MCPA at 0.2 - 0.4 L/ac
(101 - 202 g ai/ac) prior to wheat
barley, oats, corn (field £r sweet),
rye and flax.

' MCPA at 0.28 - 0.4 L/ac
(141 - 202 g ai/ac) only.

Use this tank mb( prior to seeding in
wheat barley, rye, oats, corn, flax,
canary seed and seedling grasses
(for complete listing of grasses,
refer to label).

No surfactant required.

* Do not use these rates on plants
greater than 8 cm In height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage use 0.77 L/ac
rate.

*** For weeds 8 cm to 15 cm in height
use 0.77 L/ac rate,

’ Buctril M at 0.2 - 0.4 L/ac
(1 13 - 226 g ai/ac) for all crops listed.

' Buctril M at 0.4 L/ac (226 g ai/ac only).
' Spray before plants are 5 cm high.
Spring annuals only. 5 Spray before
plants are 8 cm high.

Use only amine formulations of MCPA prior to corn and peas.

245

Herbicides

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Originai/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Preplant or preseed application in direct seeding systems (all crops): 0.33 - 0.54 L/ac of
Weather Max for annual weeds up to 15 cm in height. Apply prior to seeding or after seeding, but before
crop emergence for control of emerged weeds in direct seeding systems. Ensure weeds are at the desired
stage at time of application. This product does not provide pre-emergent weed control, and newly
germinating weeds may be a problem in the crop.

Water volume: Handgun, high volume (coarse sprays only): 80 - 120 L/ac. Boom: 20 - 120 L/ac. Chemical
fallow, reduced rates: 20 - 40 L/ac. Always use clean water, free of sediments.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles for volumes 20 - 40 L/ac: flood jet type or flat fan for volumes above 40 L/ac.

8. Application Tips: Tillage or mowing prior to application will reduce effectiveness on perennial weeds.
Minimum (days) to wait before tillage after Roundup applications: annual weeds (1); spring and fall
quackgrass (3); Canada thistle bud stage (5), fall rosette stage (7-10); field bindweed, milkweed, other
perennials (7). Before commencing tillage, allow at least 3 full days (72 hours) after application for
quackgrass control and 5 - 7 days after application for thistles if applied other than at early bud stage.
Quackgrass control:

Application on forages should be followed by tillage and should be made when good growing conditions
exist.

Allow 3 or more days after application before tillage.

For best results on fall tilled ground, delay application in the spring until majority of quackgrass has
4 - 5 leaves. This stage usually occurs 1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled ground than on undisturbed ground.
Canada thistle (fall rosette): Conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform last tillage operation
between July 15 and August 1. Allow thistles to regrow for a minimum of 5 weeks until they are 15 cm in
diameter and majority of them are in a rosette stage.

Toadflax: To ensure the proper timing, conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform the last tillage
operation from July 15 to July 21. Allow toadflax to regrow for a minimum of four weeks following last
tillage. When the toadflax reach the height of 15 cm and have a large number of green leaves, apply
1.0 L/ac. Wait a minimum of 7 days after application before tilling again.

Note: Canada thistle and toadflax can be treated after a mild frost provided the leaves are still green and
actively growing at the time of application. Do not treat after first killing frost.

Alfalfa control with 2,4-D tank mix: For fall control of established stands of alfalfa, apply

0.67 - 1.34 L/ac of Weather Max + 0.48 - 0.97 L/ac of any 500 g/L of 2,4-D Amine or Ester in 40 - 80 L/ac

of water. For spring applications, use only the low rate of 2,4-D and 1 - 2 L/ac of Roundup. Only cereal crops

not underseeded to legumes may be planted following spring applications of this tank mix. A 14 day interval

between application and planting is required. Use the higher Roundup rates when perennial grasses are

prevalent.

9. How it Works: A non-selective, systemic herbicide that moves from the foliage into the roots and kills the
entire plant.

10. Expected Results: wilting and yellowing of annuals occurs within 2 - 4 days; perennials require 7 - 10 days.
Complete browning of above ground growth and deterioration of roots occurs. Cool or cloudy weather may
slow activity.

246

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage, and
] a repeat treatment may be required. Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application.

|l2. Movement in Soil: The amount of glyphosate leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 4,320 mg/kg. Eye irritant. Non-toxic
to bees, birds and fish.

j waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further

j information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

. If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Heated storage not required.

17. Resistance Management: Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry is

group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Weather Max/
Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry and other Group 9 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Roundup Ready Canola (Weather Max, Original and Transorb only)

i Crop: Canola with Roundup Ready Gene. Note: Always use pedigreed (i.e. certified) canola seed. Canola,

! which is not designated as glyphosate tolerant, will be damaged or destroyed by this treatment.

Weed controlled, growth stage and rate:

Product rate

Weather Max Transorb/Origittal

0.22 - 0.33 IVac 0.33 - 0.50 L/ac

0.33 lyac

Repeat application at
0.33 L/ac
0.50 lyac

0.5 lyac

Repeat application at
0.5 l/ac
0.75 l/ac

Weeds controHed

Annual weeds: Barnyard grass^^ chickweed, cleavers, corn spurry,
cow cockle, flixweed, green foxtail, hemp-nettle, kochia,
lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarter, narrow-leaved hawk's-beard,
hi ght-f lowering catchfly, redroot pigweed, round-leaved mallow,

Russian thistle, shephercTs-purse, smartweed, stinkweed, stork's-bill,
volunteer barley, volunteer canola (except Roundup Ready varieties),
volunteer wheat, wild buckwheat, wild mustard, wild oats, wild tomato.

Cleavers, cow cockle*, flixweed**, narrow-leaved hawk's-beard" *,
night-flowering, catchfly*, shepherd's-purse, smartweed*,
stork's-bill**, wild buckwheat.

Perennial weed suppression: Canada thist)e, dandelions,
perennial sow-thistle, quackgrass (season-long control).

Perennial weed season-long: Foxtail barley,, round-leaved mallow.

Perennials (season-long control): Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle.

The lower rate can be used for control of cow cockle and night-flowering catchfly at 1 - 3 leaf stage of crop or for
control of smartweed at 4 - 6 leaf stage.

'* Weather Max and Transorb only.

247

Herbicides

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Application tips: Repeat applications may be required if second flush of weeds germinates prior to canopy
closure. Ensure crop has not advanced beyond the recommended growth stage. A short term visual yellowing
may occur when Roundup Original, or Roundup Transorb is applied at the late application 4 - 6 leaf stage of
the crop. This effect is temporary and will not influence crop growth, maturity or yield. Maximum IL/ac
of Transorb/Original or 0.67 L/ac of Weather Max is allowed for post-emergence use.

With; Ground application only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Crop stage: 0 - 6 leaf stage.

Grazing or cropping restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; sufficient data are not
available to support such use.

Roundup Ready Corn (Weather Max and Transorb only)

Weed controlled, growth stage and rates:

Product rate

Weeds controlled

Weather Max Annual weeds: Barnyard grass, green foxtail, volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, wild oats.

0.67 L/ac Annual broadleaf: Chickweed, cleavers, corn spurry, cow cockle, flixweed, hemp-nettle, kochia,

lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarter, narrow-leaved hawk's-beard, night-flowering catchfly.

Transorb redroot pigweed, round-leaved mallow*, Russian thistle, shepherd' s-purse, smartweed, stinkweed,

1 .0 L/ac stork' s-bill, volunteer canola (except Roundup Ready varieties), wild buckwheat, wild mustard,

wild tomato

Perennials; Canada thistle**, dandelion, perennial sow-thistle**, quackgrass

* For control of round-leaved mallow, use two applications of 1.0 L/ac of Transorb or 0.67 L/ac of Weather Max.

** A second (sequential) application of 1.0 L/ac of Transorb or 0.67 L/ac of Weather Max will improve control in heavy
weed infestations.

With: Ground application only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 40 - 90 L/ac.

Crop stage: Lfp to and including 8 leaf stage.

Grazing and cropping restrictions: All portions of the treated crop may be fed to livestock.

248

Roundup Weather Max/Roundup Transorb/Roundup Original/Roundup Dry (cont'd)

Preharvest Weather Max/Transorh/Original/Dry

Application may be made prior to harvest for the control of quackgrass, Canada thistle, toadflax, dandelion,
season-long control of perennial sow-thistle and most annual weeds.

Crop: Barley (including malting barley), canola (rapeseed), dry beans, flax (including low linolenic acid
varieties), forages, lentils, oats, peas, soyabean, wheat.

Rate:

Weather Max: 0.67 L/ac.

Transorb/Original: 1 L/ac.

Dry: 0.53 kg/ac.

Forage crops only: Weather Max: 0.67 - 1.34 L/ac. Transorb/Original: 1 - 2 L/ac. Dry: 0.53 - 1.1 kg/ac.
With: Ground equipment. Only Roundup Original/Transorb can be applied by air.

Crop timing: For annual crops, apply when average seed moisture content is at or below 30%. Accurate
measurement of seed moisture content must be made before application. This stage typically occurs
7-14 days before harvest. For forage crops, apply at 3 - 7 days prior to the last cut before rotation or forage
renovation. Consult the table below for visual indicators of this stage in each crop.

Guidelines for Timing of Pre-harvest Applications

Crops

Per cent grain moisture

Visual symptoms

Barley, oats, wheat

Less than 30

Hard dough stage, a thumb impression remains on the seed

Canola

Less than 30

Pods are green to yellow and most seeds are yellow to brown

Dry beans

Less than 30

Stems are green to brown; pods are mature (yellow to
brown); 80 - 90% leaf drop (original leaves)

Flax (not including low
linolenic acid varieties)

Less than 30

Majority (75 - 80%) of bolls are brown

Forages

Not applicable

Normal stage for forage harvesting

Lentils

Less than 30

Lowermost pods (bottom 15%) are brown and seeds rattle

Peas

Less than 30

Majority 75% - 80% of pods are brown

Soybean

Less than 30

Stems are green to brown; pod tissue is dry and brown in
appearance (80 - 90% leaf drop)

Weeds controlled: Canada thistle, dandelion, perennial sow-thistle (season-long), quackgrass, toadflax
and most of the annual weeds.

Weed stage: For best weed control results, apply when quackgrass is actively growing and has at least
4 - 5 green leaves. For best results, Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle should be actively growing and
at or beyond the bud stage.

Application tips: This treatment may also provide harvest management benefits by drying down crop and
vegetative crop growth and late tillering that may interfere with harvest operations. Apply only during the
period 7-14 days (or 3 - 7 days for forage applications) before harvest to ensure best weed control and to
maximize harvest-aid benefits. Earlier application may reduce crop yield and/or quality and may lead to
excess glyphosate residues in the crop. Extremely cool, wet and/or cloudy weather between time of
application and the anticipated harvest date may slow down activity of this product, thereby delaying crop
dry down and harvest date.

Caution: Do not apply to any crops if grown for seed.

Consult malt buyers before using preharvest on malt barley.All portions of the treated crops may be fed to
livestock.

249

rbicides

10.

Rustler (glyphosate + dicamba)

Group 9,4

Manufacturer: Monsanto Canada Inc.

DANGER CORROSIVE

Formulations: Water soluble liquid; 194 g/L glyphosate + 46 g/L Dicamba isopropylamine salt. 10 L, 115 L,
400 L containers.

Registered Mixes: 2,4-D.

Crops: Chemical fallow. Preseeding to cereal crop (wheat/barley).

Weeds Controlled:

COW cockle

lady's-thumb

smartweed

wild buckwheat

downy brome

lamb's-quarters

stinkweed

wild mustard

flixweed

Persian darnel

volunteer cereals

wild oats

green foxtail

redroot pigweed

volunteer rapeseed (excluding

kochia

Russian thistle

Roundup Ready canola)

Weeds Suppressed: Foxtail barley.

When Used:

Annual grassy weeds: Any time between emergence and heading. Wild oats 1 - 3 leaf stage.

Annual broadleaf weeds: Up to 15 cm tall. Wild buckwheat 1 - 4 leaf stage.

Foxtail barley: Before initiation of seed head or browning of lower leaves.

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Avoid galvanized steel or unlined steel (except stainless steel) spray tanks.

Rate:

Weeds

Annual broadleaf
Annual grassy weeds
Foxtail barley

Above weeds + redroot pigweed

Rustler L/ac

1.0

1.3

1,0 L/ac + 0.4 Vac 2.4-0

Water volume: 20 - 40 L/ac clean water. Lower water volume may improve results, particularly with
extremely hard water (greater than 700 ppm calcium + magnesium).

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles.

Application Tips: For best control of winter annual weeds such as flixweed, 2,4-D should be applied to
emerged, actively growing weeds in the fall previous to the fallow season or in early spring in the fallow
season when winter annual weeds are less than 10 cm tall. Under certain stress conditions such as drought,
cool temperatures or where extremely hard water (>700 ppm Ca -h Mg) has been used, weed control may
be reduced with this product. However, lower water volume (20 L/ac) may improve results. Clean the entire
sprayer after application of this product. Failure to clean the sprayer thoroughly may result in injury to
desirable crops that are subsequently sprayed. First, add clean water to the tank and thoroughly rinse the
entire spray system. Secondly, fill the tank with water and ammonia (1 L household ammonia/100 L water).
Pump enough solution through the system to fill all parts completely. Then fill tank, close and leave for
24 hours before draining and rinsing with water.

How it Works: A post-emergent herbicide. Moves from foliage into roots and kills entire plant.

Expected Results: visual effects will usually appear within 5 - 7 days. Wilting or yellowing of weeds
advances to complete browning of above ground growth and deterioration of affected underground parts.

250

Rustler (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall within 2 hours may wash the chemical off the foliage and repeat
treatment may be required. Rainfall within 6 hours may reduce effectiveness.

1 2. Movement in Soil: The amount of leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Do not seed a crop in a field treated with Rustler for at least 3 weeks after application.
Certain broadleaf crops such as lentils, peas, canola and flax can be injured by a preseeding application of
Rustler and should not be planted in a field that has been treated with this product.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or harvest treated areas until plants have turned brown and started to
deteriorate.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = glyphosate 4,300 mg/kg;

Dicamba = 2,600 mg/kg. Eye irritant. May cause allergic skin reaction. Non-toxic to bees and birds. Can be
absorbed through the skin and causes burns to skin and eyes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store above 5°C to keep product in solution. If crystals form, place in a warm room (20°C). Roll or
shake solution until crystals have redissolved.

1 7. Resistance Management: Rustler is both a Group 4 and a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Rustler and other Group 4 and 9 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

Select/Centurion (clethodimj

Group 1

Manufacturer; Arvesta Canada, lnc./Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 240 g/L clethodim; 3 L Select -I- 9 L Amigo;

3 L Centurion + 9L Amigo.

2. Registered Mixes: Addition of the adjuvant Amigo at 0.5% v/v is mandatory. Buctril M (400 mL/ac) in flax,
including low linolenic varieties. Amigo must be used in tank mix of Select/Centurion and Buctril M. Follow
recommendations on Buctril M, Lontrel (flax, canola), MCPA Ester (flax). Muster (canola) labels and Pursuit
(field peas. Smart canola - 85 mL/ac or 42.5 mL/ac), Muster (8 or 12 g/ac). Liberty (Liberty Link Canola).

3. Crops:

black dry beans
brown mustard
canola

Desi chickpea
field peas
flax

great northern dry beans
Kabuli chickpea
lentils

linola (including
low linolenic flax)

navy dry beans
oriental mustard
pink dry beans
pinto dry beans
potatoes

red dry beans
seedling alfalfa
soybeans
sunflowers
yellow mustard

251

rbicides

Herbicides

Select/Centurion (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

barnyard grass Persian darnel

fall panicum proso millet

green foxtail quackgrass

large crabgrass smooth crabgrass

5. Weeds Suppressed: Quackgrass.

6. When Used:

volunteer barley volunteer wheat

volunteer canary grass wild oat

volunteer corn witchgrass

volunteer oat yellow foxtail

Crop stage: Apply at any growth stage of crops listed above. Chickpeas: Before crop reaches the 9th node
stage (18 cm height maximum).

When tank mixing Select/Centurion plus Amigo with Buctril M for use in flax, do not spray in hot humid
weather when daytime temperatures are over 25 - 29°C.

Weed stage: Apply when the annual grasses and the volunteer cereals are in the 2 - 6 leaf stage. Apply
Select/Centurion when quackgrass is in the 2 - 5 leaf stage. Most effective when application is made at the
3 - 5 leaf stage, and the canopy is uniform and actively growing.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Grass species

Green foxtail, volunteer cereals,
wild oats, yellow foxtail.

Barnyard grass, fall panicum,
proso millet, volunteer canary
grass, volunteer corn,
witch grass.

Barnyard grass, crabgrass,
fall panicum, green foxtail,
Persian darnel, proso millet,
quackgrass suppression,
volunteer canary grass,
volunteer cereals, wild oats,
witch grass, yellow foxtail.

Quackgrass control

Leaf stage
2-4

2-6

Rate (ml/ac)
50

Rate of Amigo

0.5% v/v

2-6

152

1.0% v/v

Water volume: 20 L/ac minimum - 80 L/ac maximum.

Pressure: 240 - 275 kPa minimum.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Mixing instructions:

Select/Centurion and Liberty -

1. Thoroughly clean the sprayer by flushing the system with water containing detergent.

2. Fill clean spray tank half full with clean water. Start agitation system.

3. Add the required amount of Amigo adjuvant to the tank. Continue to agitate until thoroughly mixed.

4. Stop agitation. Add the correct amount of Liberty to the spray tank. Start agitation system.

5. Add the correct amount of Select/Centurion along with the remaining amount of water necessary to fill
the spray tank.

6. Continue to agitate or run the by-pass system and spray out immediately.

252

Select/Centurion (cont'd)

8. If an oil film starts to build-up in the tank, drain it and clean tank with strong detergent solution.

9. Immediately after use, thoroughly clean the sprayer by flushing the system with clean water containing
detergent.

For all other tank mixes, refer to instructions on Select/Centurion label.

8. Application Tips: The use of 80° stainless steel flat fan nozzles tilted 45° forward is recommended for
optimum spray coverage. Use high water volumes on dense crop canopies for better penetration to weeds.
Best results will occur if applications are made to weeds not stressed by lack of moisture, excessive moisture,
low temperature and/or very low relative humidity. Select/Centurion at 50 mL/ac should only be applied
under the following conditions: good crop stand, early application (prior to tillering), light to moderate
weed infestation, adequate moisture and fertility, absence of stress, good growing conditions. Do not tank
mix at lower rate with other pesticides. Do not apply the lower 50 mL/ac rate to volunteer winter cereals or
when tank mixing with other pesticides.

9. How it Works: Select/Centurion is a systemic herbicide that is translocated from the treated foliage to the
growing points of leaves, shoots and roots.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Leaf foliage will first change from green to yellowish, then purplish and finally a brown colour.

The time required for complete control is 7 - 21 days following treatment, depending on growing conditions
and crop competition.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within one hour of application may reduce the effectiveness of the spray.

12. Movement in Soil: At recommended rates, very little movement occurs.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze or feed treated foliage to livestock until 60 days after application.
Field peas: 75 days after application. Seedling alfalfa: 30 days after application.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = 3,610 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to rainbow
trout.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Does not require heated storage.

17. Resistance Management: Select/Centurion is a Group 1 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Select/Centurion and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes
may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

253

Herbicides

Sencor (metribuzin)

Group 5

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

1. Formulations: Flowable; Sencor 480 F; 480 g/L; 4 x 5 L pack, 2 x 10 L pack. Water dispersible granular;
Sencor 75 DF; 750 g/kg; 4x5 kg, 4 x 2.5 kg pack. Water dispersible granular in water soluble packets;
Sencor 75 (Solupak) 5 x 0.5 kg bags; 4 x 2.5 kg per case.

2. Registered Mixes: Banvel (barley, wheat); Target (barley, wheat); MCPA Amine 500 (barley, wheat);
Eptam (potatoes); 2,4-D Amine (barley and wheat); Treflan 545 EC (fababeans, field peas); MCPA Na-salt
(field peas), Eptam (potatoes).

Mixing instructions: Shake container thoroughly before adding to spray tank. Mix Sencor in the tank
before adding Edge or Treflan. Continually agitate until all the mixture is sprayed. Do not allow the sprayer
to stand without agitation. When tank mixing with other products, add Sencor first then the tank mix
partner.

Mixing restrictions: Do not tank mix with any other pesticide, wetting agent or surfactant.

Crops:

alfalfa (established)

fababeans (8.6)*

potatoes (8.6)**

tomatoes (processing)

asparagus

field peas (8.5)

processing peas (7.9)

winter wheat

barley (8.9)

lentils (8.4)***

spring wheat (8.5)

Underseeding: Do not underseed.

* Sencor -I- Treflan or Edge, not Sencor alone.
** Not on red skinned varieties.

*** In lentils, Sencor may only provide weed suppression rather than control.

4. Weeds Controlled: Sencor alone, post-emergent

Chickpea, lentils, field peas, processing peas

ball mustard (8.0) green smartweed (8.5)

chickweed (8.1 ) hemp-nettle (8.4)

corn spurry (7.1 ) lady's-thumb

Barley, spring wheat

annual smartweeds (8.5)
ball mustard
chickweed (8.1)
common groundsel
corn spurry (7.1)

Winter wheat**

downy brome
* Apply Sencor at
** Apply Sencor in
(227 g/ac - 304

Potatoes

ball mustard
chickweed (8.1)
corn spurry (7.1)
green smartweed (8.5)
Sencor -I- Treflan preplant
annual bluegrass
barnyard grass
bromegrass
chickweed
cow cockle

hemp-nettle (8.4)
henbit (8.0)*
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.4)

hemp-nettle (8.4)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.4)

green smartweed

hemp-nettle

knotweed

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

lamb's-quarters (8.4)
stinkweed (8.2)
tartary buckwheat (5.3)

night-flowering catchfly
(sticky cockle)
redroot pigweed (7.1)
Russian thistle (7.2)*

volunteer canola (non-
triazine tolerant) (8.8)
wild mustard

stinkweed (8.2)
tartary buckwheat (5.3)
volunteer canola (8.8)
wild mustard (8.0)
wormseed mustard (8.0)

flixweed shepherd's-purse stinkweed (8.2)

225 mL/ac (150 g/ac) for control of these weeds.

October or November post-emergent after secondary root development 345 mL/ac to 453 mL/ac
g/ac).

redroot pigweed (7.1)
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed (8.2)

tartary buckwheat (5.3)
volunteer canola (8.8)
wild mustard (8.0)

Persian darnel
purslane
redroot pigweed
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse

stinkweed
volunteer rapeseed
wild buckwheat
wild mustard
wild oats

Sencor (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Banvel: Canada thistle (6.6) and sow-thistle; MCPA; or 2,4-D mixes: Barley and wheat.
Sencor -I- Edge: Volunteer barley, Russian thistle in fababean or field peas.

6. When Used:

Alfalfa (only irrigated): Sencor: In fall to dormant established stands. Injury may occur if
Sencor is applied earlier than 18 months after seeding.

Barley, wheat: Do not use if soil has less than 3% organic matter. Sencor: 2 - 5 leaf. Banvel mix: barley,

2 - 3 leaf; wheat, 2 - 4 leaf. MCPA Amine mix: 3 - 5 leaf. Target mix: barley, 2 - 3 leaf; wheat, 2 - 5 leaf.

2,4-D Amine mix: 3 - 5 leaf.

Chickpea: Apply only up to the 3rd node above ground stage. Application past this growth stage may result
in damage to the crop.

Fababeans: Treflan or Edge mix: pre-plant incorporated spring or fall. Do not use on muck soils.

Field peas: Treflan or Edge mix: pre-plant incorporated, spring or fall. Do not use on soils with less than
4% organic matter in fall or 5% in spring.

Lentils: Treflan mix: pre-plant incorporated, fall only. Do not use on soils with less than 4% organic matter.
Lentils, peas (post-emergent): Do not use if soil has less than 4% organic matter. Apply before vines
are 15 cm long or before the 6th node stage and after weeds have emerged, but are less than 5 cm in height
or diameter. In peas and lentils, use a single post-emergence application or a post-emergence split
application. Under certain field or weather conditions, a split application of Sencor may provide better weed
control than a single application. The first application should be made at the cotyledon, 2 leaf stage, of the
weeds. The second application should be made when a second flush of weeds have emerged or if weeds that
were more advanced at the time of the first application have started to regrow. In field peas only, tank mix
with MCPA Na-salt at normal post-emergence application timing.

Potatoes: Sencor: post-emergent; before weeds are 4 cm tall. Eptam mix: pre-plant incorporated. Do not
use on muck soils. Eptam mix: pre-emerge through sprinkler irrigation system.

Winter wheat (Norstar only): Apply in late fall after winter wheat has commenced tillering and
initiated the development of secondary roots. Do not apply to irrigated wheat.

Note: Fall application of Sencor -I- Treflan or Edge is not recommended where soil drifting is a problem.

7. How to Apply:

Lentils, peas: Do not apply within 3 days after periods of cool, wet or cloudy weather as crop injury may
occur. Plant lentils and peas at least 5 cm below the soil surface.

With: Ground equipment. Sencor can be affected by dusty conditions, particularly from wheel tracks;
therefore, when these conditions are present, spray early in the day when dew will reduce dust. Slower
sprayer speed will lower dust levels.

Rate:

Barley Wheat

-t- 2,4-D Amine
-t- Banvel 480
■f MCPA Amine
+ Target

Sencor 500 f (75 OF) ml/ac + ml/ac

Alone

110 - 225 (80 - 150) -h 345 - 445
110- 170 (80- 110) -h 405 - 605

110 -225 (80 - 150)

110- 225 (80 - 150) -h 345 - 445
110 - 170 (80 - 110) + 93

Klondike, Leduc,

Johnston. AC Lacombe.

TR128, Manley barley Spring wheat
mt/ac (g/ac) + mt/ac mi^ac (g/ac| + mt/ac

110- 170(80- 110) 110 - 170 (80 - 110)

Not Recommended 1 1 0 - 1 70 (80 - 1 1 0) + 345 - 445

Not Recommended 1 1 0 - 1 70 (80 - 1 1 0) + 93

110 (80) -t- 345 - 445 110 - 170 (80 - 110) + 345 - 445

Not Recommended 1 1 0 - 1 70 (80 - 11 0) + 405 - 605

255

Herbicides

Sencor (cont'd)

Crop

Sencor 500 F (mt/ac)

Sencor 75 DF (g/ac)

Tank mixes

Alfalfa (only irrigated)

910

610

No mixes

Chickpea (post-emergent)

170

110

No mixes

Lentils (post-emergent)

170

No mixes

(post-emergent, split application) 85 - 110 + 85 - 110

55 - 75 + 55 - 75

No mixes

Peas (pre-plant)

170 - 225

110-150

See below

(post-emergent)**

113

MCPA Na-salt, 1 90 mL/ac

(post-emergent, one application) 1 70 - 225

110-150

No mixes

(post-emergent, split application) 85 - 11 0 + 85 - 1 1 0

55 - 75 + 55 - 75

No mixes

Potatoes (pre-plant)*

225 - 345

150 - 225

Eptam 8-E, 1 .70 - 2.2 L/ac

(pre-emergent irrigation)

225 - 450

Eptam 8-E, 1.70 - 2.2 L/ac

(post-emergent)*

225

150

Sencor alone

Winter wheat

345 - 500

225 - 300

Sencor atone

'• Not on red skinned or any early maturing varieties.

' * Refer to Pea Pack.

Fababean - Spring, Pre-plant Application

Sandy soils

Loam to clay soils

Organic matter

Sencor 500 F (75 DF)

2-3% 3-6%

6 - 10%

10-15%

Atone

170 mL/ac 225 mL/ac

225 - 345 mL/ac

345 mL/ac

(110 g/ac) (150 g/ac)

(150- 225 g/ac)

(225 g/ac)

+ Edge DC

+ 560 g/ac + 560 g/ac

+ 770 g/ac

+ Treflan 545 EC

+ 610 mL/ac +610 mL/ac

+ 810 - 1,050 mL/ac

+ 810- 1,050 mL/ac ,

Fababean - Fall, Pre-plant Application

Alone

225 mL/ac 285 mL/ac

285 - 345 mL/ac

345 mL/ac

(150 g/ac) (190 g/ac)

(190 - 225 g/ac)

(225 g/ac)

+ Edge DC

+ 770 g/ac + 770 g/ac

+ 930 g/ac

+ Treflan 545 EC

+ 810 mt/ac + 810 mL/ac

+ 1,050 - 1,300 mL/ac

Field peas - Spring, Pre-ptant Application
Sandy soils

Sencor 500 F (75 OF)

Alone

+ Edge DC
+ Treflan 545 EC

Organic matter
4 - 6%

225 mL/ac
(150g/ac)

+ 560 g/ac
+ 610 mL/ac

Field peas - Fall, Pre>piant Application

Alone 285 mL/ac

(190 g/ac)

+ Edge DC + 770 g/ac

+ Treflan 545 EC +810 mL/ac

Loam to clay soils
Organic matter
6 - 10%

225 - 285 mL/ac
(150 - 190 g/ac)

+ 770 g/ac
+ 810 - 1,050 miyac

■

285 - 345 mL/ac
, (190 - 225 g/ac)

+ 930 g/ac

+ 1,050 - 1,300 mL/ac

10 - 15%

285 mL/ac

(190 - 225 g/ac)

+ 770 g/ac
+ 810 - 1,050 mL/ac

345 mL/ac
(225 g/ac)

+ 930 g/ac

+ 1,050 - 1,300 mL/ac

256

Sencor (cont'd)

Lentils - Fail, Pre>piant incorporated

Sandy soils

Sencor 500 F (75 OF)

Alone

+ Treflan 545 EC

Organic matter
4 - 6%

285 mL/ac
(190 g/ac)

+ 810 mlVac

Loam to clay soils
Organic matter
6-15%

285 ’ 345 mL/ac
(190 - 255 g/ac)

+ 1,050 - 1,215 mL/ac

Water volume:

Barley, spring wheat, winter wheat, soybean, fababean: 40 L/ac.

Chickpea, lentils, peas: 70 L/ac.

Potatoes, asparagus: 40 - 120 L/ac.

Higher rates of water increase crop tolerance.

Pressure: 200 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Tilt nozzles 45° forward for better spray penetration in post-emergent applications.
Screens: Use 50 mesh or larger nozzle screens or metal filters. Do not use felt filters.

Incorporation:

Sencor + Eptam: On potatoes, see Eptam.

Sencor + Treflan: On fababeans and field peas: Apply and incoporate in the same operation if possible.
Must be incorporated within 24 hours. Work twice in different directions. Use a tandem disc, discer or
vibrashank type cultivator to cut 8 - 10 cm deep. Operate disc implements at
7-10 km/h; cultivators at 10 - 13 km/h.

With irrigation:

Sencor + Eptam: Potatoes: pre-emergence in sprinkler irrigation. Apply specified dosage in 3 - 8 mm of
water per acre on a continuous injection in centre pivot systems, or in the last 15-30 minutes of set in
permanent solid set sprinkler system of self-propelled wheel move systems. On sandy soil, apply in
3 - 5 mm of water and use the lower rate of Sencor and Eptam. Apply pre-emergence to crop and weeds. Use
the higher rate for control of grassy weeds or when broadleaf weeds are dense.

8. Application Tips: Allow 4 - 5 days between application of Sencor and post-emergent wild oat herbicides.
Allow 4 - 5 days after frost for crop to recover before applying Sencor. Weed control may be reduced if
Sencor is applied later than the 5 leaf stage of crop. Crop may be sprayed when wet with dew. Crop must be
planted at least 5 cm below soil surface.

Sencor + Treflan: Cultivate to destroy existing weeds before application. On stubble fields, chop and
thoroughly mix crop residues into soil to a depth of 10 - 15 cm. Disc type implements provide the best
results. To avoid concentrating wild oat seeds below the treated layer and causing soil erosion, do not plow
(moldboard) land prior to application. On variable soils with light, sandy areas, some injury may occur on
the sandy areas if the rate used is for loam-clay soils. On soils with 10% organic matter and higher, broadleaf
weed control may not be adequate. Do not apply to wet soils or soils subjected to periods of flooding. Do not
incorporate with a field cultivator when the soil is crusted, lumpy or too wet for good mixing action.

Sencor post-emergence: For optimum weed control, it is important to apply Sencor post-emergent when
weeds have just emerged and are very small. Crop tolerance is not affected by early application.

9. How it Works: A systemic herbicide absorbed by leaves and roots and translocated to new growth. Inhibits
photosynthesis and the weed turns brown and dies.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: Initial yellowing 5 - 7 days after application; weeds turn brown and die within
14 - 16 days. Active in soil for a short period and can control new shallow-rooted germinants, like
chickweed.

257

Sencor (cont'd)

Crops: In extremely hot weather or when frost occurs within 1 - 2 days of application, crop will show some
yellowing and slight reduction in height. Discolouration disappears in 7 - 10 days. On Klondike, Johnston,
AC Lacombe and Leduc barley varieties, temporary lightening in colour and reduction in height may occur.
Lentils and peas provide little competition against weed growth due to their low growth habit. Under heavy
weed infestations or lush growth, control may be poor.

Field peas and lentils: Stress such as disease, cold, deep planting, excessive moisture, high salts or
drought may weaken seedlings and increase the possibility of damage. Temporary lightening on the margins
of cotyledons and a slight delay in development may occur. Ensure 70 L/ac water volume is used to reduce
crop injury.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours after application may reduce weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Little leaching occurs in soils with high organic matter.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze or feed treated crop to livestock within 30 days of application (lentils,
peas: 70 days).

Application to harvest interval (days): Grain (60); potatoes (60); lentils, peas (70).

Succeeding crops: 24 months are required for crops other than potatoes if 910 mL/ac (610 g/ac) is
applied on irrigated alfalfa. Canola, celery, cole crops, cucurbits, lettuce, onions, peppers, spinach, sugar
beets, sunflowers, table beets and turnips may be injured if planted in soil treated with Sencor during the
year of application and the following crop year. Fall seeded or cover crops such as wheat, oats, and rye may
be injured when seeded in the same season as the application of Sencor. For pre-plant applications of Sencor
-I- Treflan or Edge, oats, sugar beets, creeping red fescue and small-seeded grasses
(e.g, timothy, canary seed) should not be planted the following crop year as a precaution.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,100 - 2,300 mg/kg. Slightly toxic to fish
and birds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: No damage by freezing but avoid large temperature fluctuations. Store in a cool, dry place.

Note: A similar product is Lexone.

1 7. Resistance Management: Sencor is a Group 5 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Sencor and other Group 5 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

Spectrum (florasulam + MCPA + clopyralid)

Group 2,4

Manufacturer; Oow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: spectrum A: 50 g/L Florasulam SC; 0.8 L jug and Spectrum B: 50 g/L clopyralid -f
280 g/L MCPA Ester EC, 12.0 L jug.

258

Spectrum (cont'd)

2. Registered Mixes:

Barley, durum, spring wheat: Assert 300 SC + acidulate, Puma^^o super (312 mL/ac for barnyard grass,
green foxtail and wild oats). Durum, spring wheat: Everest 70 DF solupak (17.4 g/ac) + non-ionic
surfactant. Horizon (95 mL/ac) + Score adjuvant.

3. Crops: Barley, oats, spring wheat (including durum).

4. Weeds Controlled:

Canada thistle (8.0) hemp-nettle (8.2)

chickweed (8.8) lamb's-quarters (8.9)

cleavers (8.8) redroot pigweed (8.6)

flixweed shepherd's-purse (8.9)

smartweed (8.8)
annual sowthistle (8.8)
stinkweed(8.9)
stork's bill (8.1)

volunteer canola (8.9)
(all canola)
wild buckwheat (8.6)
wild mustard (9.0)

5. Weeds Suppressed: Dandelion (seedlings and overwintered rosettes less than 15 cm) (8.4),
perennial sowthistle (7.6).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Apply to actively growing spring wheat, barley or oats. Apply when the majority of the crop is
past the 2 leaf stage and up to the 6 leaf stage of the crop. When tank mixing, always check the tank mix
partners’ recommendations for crop staging restrictions.

Weed stage: Annual broadleaf weeds: 1 - 4 leaf stage, except flixweed, which is best controlled in the
2 - 4 leaf stage. Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle: after all thistles have emerged and when the
majority are in the rosette to pre-bud stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. With a sprayer that can apply 40 L/ac spray solution. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Spectrum A: 40 mL/ac; Spectrum B: 600 mL/ac.

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Use low pressures, 200 to 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use nozzles that deliver higher volumes and coarser droplets.

Mixing instructions: Only use sprayers with good agitation. Ensure that the sprayer is properly cleaned

prior to adding Spectrum.

1. Fill the sprayer tank 1/2 full with water.

2. Start the sprayer agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure.

3. Add Spectrum A herbicide to the spray tank followed by Spectrum B. Add the required tank mix partner
and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. Complete the filling of the spray tank.

Sprayer cleanup:

1 . Immediately after application, drain the sprayer.

2. Rinse the inside of the tank with clean water, and flush through the booms and hoses using at least
10% of the spray tank volume and then drain spray tank completely.

3. Add 1 liter of household ammonia per 100 L of water while filling the tank with clean water. Agitate and
then briefly flush the boom and hoses with the cleaning solution. Top up the tank with water and allow to
stand 15 minutes with agitation. Flush boom and hoses and drain the tank completely.

4. Remove nozzles and screens and clean separately with ammonia solution (100 mL/lOL water).

5. Rinse the tank with clean water and flush through the booms using at least 10% of the spray tank volume
and then drain the tank.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply to crops underseeded to legumes. Apply Spectrum early post-emergence, to
the main flush of broadleaf weeds. Warm, moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed
size and a competitive crop as well as good growing conditions after application will optimize the weed
control provided by Spectrum. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately
controlled or suppressed and regrowth may occur. For best results, ensure adequate spray coverage of the
target weeds. Only weeds emerged at time of application will be controlled. If the foliage of the weed is wet
at time of application, control may be reduced.

259

Spectrum (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Spectrum tank mix is readily absorbed by the weed foliage. The florasulam inhibits the ALS
enzyme in plants, resulting in rapid stopping of growth followed by yellowing and reddening of the foliage,
followed by the death of susceptible weeds. The Curtail M portion of Spectrum mimics naturally occurring
plant hormones and controls the weeds by disrupting normal plant growth patterns. Symptoms include
twisting of stems and swollen nodes.

1 0. Expected Results: The weeds susceptible to florasulam will stop growing almost immediately. The weeds
turn yellow or reddish. Symptoms such as yellowing and red coloration may not be noticeable for

1 - 2 weeks. Twisting of stems may also be observed on weeds sensitive to Curtail M. Warm, moist
conditions, small weed size and a competitive crop will optimize weed control provided by Spectrum

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage, and
a repeat treatment may be required. Do not apply if rainfall is expected within 6 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: Florasulam is not persistent in the soil. Dissipation of florasulam occurs primarily
through microbial degradation. Field studies in a wide-variety of soils have shown the half-life of florasulam
in soil to range from 2-18 days. Florasulam degradation is not affected by soil type or by soil pH, but it is
moisture and temperature-dependent. The herbicide is somewhat soluble in water, but is generally not
mobile in soil under typical prairie conditions. The clopyralid portion of Curtail M is somewhat soluble in
water, but is generally not mobile under typical prairie conditions. MCPA is readily leached from the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crop or cut for feed within 7 days of application.

Drift: Do not allow spray mist to drift since drift can cause damage to non-target crops and plants. Do not
apply when winds are gusty or in excess of 15km/h. When spraying, avoid combinations of pressure and
nozzle type that will result in fine particles (mist), which are more likely to drift.

Succeeding crops: Fields treated with Spectrum herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following year to
barley, canola, peas, wheat or summerfallowed. Do not seed crops other than those listed above for at least
one year after treatment. For more cropping and use information, contact your Dow AgroSciences Canada
Inc. representative.

Other restrictions: Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application.

14. Toxicity: Spectrum A has extremely low acute toxicity. Acute LD^g = >6,000 mg/kg. Spectrum B (Clopyralid
and MCPA) has very low acute toxicity. Acute LD^g rats = >2,000 mg/kg. MCPA has moderate acute toxicity.
Acute LDgg of technical = (700 - 800 mg/kg).

15. Precautions, First Aid: Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear impervious gloves, coveralls and
chemical workers’ goggles during the mixing and handling of Spectrum. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Wash contaminated clothes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes and leather articles.

If in eyes, irrigate immediately with water for at least 5 minutes. If on skin, wash off in flowing water or
shower; use soap if available. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Consult a physician. If swallowed,
do not induce vomiting. Call a physician. The decision of whether to induce vomiting or not should be made
by an attending physician. Never give fluids or induce vomiting if patient is unconscious or is having
convulsions. Take container label or product name and Pest Control Product registration number with you
when seeking medical attention.

1 6. Storage: store away from food, feedstuffs, fertilizer, seeds, insecticides, fungicides or other pesticides or
herbicides. Store in a dry, heated storage. If products are frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate
before use. Soak up small amounts of spill with absorbent clays.

17. Resistance Management: Spectrum is both a Group 2 and a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Spectrum and other Group 2 and 4 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

260

Stampede EPF (propanil)

Group 7

Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Extruded dry flowable; 80%; 10 kg.

2. Registered Mixes: Stampede EDF should not be used alone. Always apply as a tank mix with 2,4-D or
MCPA or Refine Extra + surfactant.

Mixing instructions: Add 1/2 required amount of water to spray tank and start agitation. Slowly add
Stampede EDF. Then add 2,4-D or MCPA. Add remainder of water.

3. Crops: Barley (8.4), canary seed, durum wheat (8.7), flax (8.4), oats (8.9), spring wheat (8.8).

4. Weeds Controlled:

Stampede EDF alone: green foxtail, redroot pigweed

Stampede EDF -I- MCPA (Ester or Amine): Barley, canary seed, flax, wheat. Oats (Ester only)

bluebur* (7.8)

lady's-thumb

smartweeds (8.6)

volunteer rapeseed (8.8)

flixweed* (7.4)

lamb's-quarters (8.7)

stinkweed* (8.7)

wild buckwheat (7.1)

green foxtail (7.1)

redroot pigweed (8.8)

tartary buckwheat (8.6)

wild mustard (7.5)

kochia* (6.7)

shepherd's-purse (9.0)

volunteer canola

yellow foxtail

Stampede EDF + 2,4-D (Amine or Ester): Wheat

annual smartweeds

green foxtail

prickly lettuce

tartary buckwheat

annual sunflower

kochia*

redroot pigweed

volunteer rapeseed

bluebur*

lady's-thumb

Russian pigweed

wild buckwheat

burdock*

lamb's-quarters

Russian thistle (7.5)

wild mustard (7.3)

cocklebur

narrow-leaved

shepherd's-purse

wild radish

flixweed*

hawk's-beard*

stinkweed

yellow foxtail

goat's-beard*

plantain

sweet clover

Stampede EDF + Refine Extra and surfactant: Barley, oats, wheat (including durum)

chickweed

lamb's-quarters

smartweed

wild mustard

green foxtail

redroot pigweed

volunteer canola

yellow foxtail

hemp-nettle

Russian thistle

wild buckwheat

* In seedling or rosette stage.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Stampede + MCPA: Cereals 2 - 5 leaf stage only. Flax: 5 - 12.5 cm tall,

Canary seed: 2 - 4 leaf stage. Stampede -I- 2,4-D: Wheat 3 - 5 leaf stage only. Refine Extra mix:

Cereals: 2 - 5 leaf stage.

Weed stage: Green foxtail: when the majority of plants are in the 3 leaf stage (less than 2.5 cm tall),
effectiveness declines rapidly after the 5th leaf. Under dry conditions (soil moisture deeper than 5 cm), apply
when green foxtail is in the 2 - 3 leaf stage.

Bluebur, kochia, flixweed, hawk’s-beard, shepherd’s-purse, stinkweed: seedling or rosette stage. Other
broadleaf weeds: 1 - 4 leaf stage.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only. Spra-coupe not recommended. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Stampede EDF: 0.5 kg/ac.

MCPA Amine or Ester 500: 325 mL/ac; 2,4-D Amine 500: 325 mL/ac, 2,4-D Ester 600: 270 mL/ac
(spring wheat).

261

rbicides

Stampede EDF (cont'd)

MCPA Ester 500: 225 mL/ac; 2,4-D Amine 500: 325 mL/ac, 2,4-D Ester 600: 270 mL/ac (durum wheat).
MCPA Ester 500: 225 mL/ac (barley, oats, canary seed, flax).

Refine Extra plus surfactant: 8 g/ac + 0.2 L/lOO L of spray volume (wheat, durum, barley, oats).
Surfactant: any non ionic surfactant such as Companion, Citowett Plus, Ag-Surf or Agral 90.

Water volume: Field sprayers: 45 L/ac. Floater type equipment: 65 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Only flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens.

Ground speed: 8 km/h for field sprayers, 20 km/h or less for floaters.

8. Application Tips: Temperature effects: Do not spray crops when daily temperatures remain below
10°C or when they are expected to exceed 30°C. Under hot, dry and low relative humidity conditions, spray
during early morning or evening. Avoid spraying if crop is recovering from frost damage or if frost is
expected within 24 hours.

Drain and flush sprayer tank and lines after spraying is completed. Do not apply Stampede EDF to crops
grown in fields in which Atrazine or other triazine herbicides (such as Lexone, Sencor, Bladex, Blagal,
Marksman, Simadex, Princep, Laddok) have been applied until soil analysis confirms that the residues have
completely disappeared. A 3 day interval is required before or after an application of Stampede EDF and
another herbicide.

Insecticide intervals: Severe crop injury may result from a tank mix or separate applications of
Stampede EDF and certain insecticides in the same crop year (e.g. Sevin (carbaryl), parathion methyl or
Guthion). Decis may be applied any time before or after Stampede EDF or tank mixed with Stampede EDF.
After applying Stampede EDF, wait a minimum of 5 days for wheat and 10 days for barley before appl)dng
Furadan. After applying Stampede EDF, wait a minimum of 14 days before applying dimethoate (Cygon) or
Malathion. No other insecticides are registered for foliar use in the same year as Stampede EDF. Do not spray
with Stampede EDF if the field was treated with soil-applied systemic organophosphorous insecticides in the
same or previous crop year.

9. How it Works: Absorbed by leaves and causes cell wall breakdown and interference with the cellular

metabolism. Activity is primarily contact; therefore, thorough spray coverage is necessary for optimum weed
control. Susceptible weeds become tolerant beyond the 4 leaf stage. Stress conditions will trigger a
hardening- off process and hasten the development of tolerance to chemical control.

10. Expected Results:

Weeds: Affected weeds turn brown in 3 - 5 days and have a “burnt-off,” or desiccated appearance. Weeds
past the recommended stage will show extensive browning, but some degree of green tissue remains. New
tissue is produced, and the weed will recover. Weeds emerging after spraying are unaffected.

Crops: Temporary yellowing and leaf tip burn occur and are more pronounced in oats, flax and barley than
in wheat. Effects will disappear 10 - 14 days after treatment. New growth is not affected and yields are not
reduced. Under stress conditions, a slight delay in crop maturity may be noticed.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Light rainfall 1 hour after application does not reduce weed control. A heavy rain of
25 mm or more within 4 hours of application may reduce control.

12. Movement in Soil: Propanil is relatively non-mobile.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; sufficient data are not available to
support such use.

Drift: Danger is low; however, avoid spray drift to susceptible crops such as rapeseed, sunflowers,
vegetables or ornamentals.

1 4. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 560 mg/kg.

Stampede EDF = 3,130 mg/kg. Propanil has potential to cause chlorachne, a skin disease in man following
long-term exposure.

262

Stampede EDF (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

S3miptoms of poisoning: Giddiness, intoxication and headache.

1 6. Storage: Heated storage not required.

1 7. Resistance Management: stampede EDF is a Group 7 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Stampede EDF and other Group 7 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

Sundance (sulfosulfuron)

Group 2

Manufacturer: Monsanto Canada Inc.

Formulations: Water dispersible granule; 75%; 1 x 432 g pouches Sundance -t- 1 x 8 L Merge + 1 x 4 L pH
Balancer.

Registered Mixes:

Tank mix partner

2,4-D LV Ester 500
2,4-D LV Ester 600
2,4-D LV Ester 700
Buctril M
MCPA Ester 500
F^rdner EC

Tank mix partner rate

356 ml/ac
283 mL/ac
243 mtyac
400 ml/ac
388 ml/ac
400 ml/ac

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill the spray tank 3/4 full and start agitation.

2. First adjust the pH of the spray water prior to any mixing of Sundance herbicide by adding 1 L of pH
Balancer for every 400 L of spray solution. This will ensure that after the Sundance herbicide granules are
added, they will be completely dissolved.

3. Slowly add Sundance granules (10.8 g/ac).

4. Add the broadleaf herbicide. Add Merge (200 mL/ac) and complete the filling process while maintaining
agitation.

5. Maintain an air gap during filling and remove the hose from the mixing tank immediately after filling to
avoid siphoning back into the carrier source.

6. Spray solutions should be applied immediately. If spraying is interrupted, sufficient agitation must be
conducted to completely re-suspend any precipitated product.

3. Crops: Durum wheat (Kyle and Plenty), spring wheat.

263

sapfOfqj

Sundance (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Sundance 10.8 g/ac (alone)

cleavers

common chickweed
foxtail barley

redroot pigweed
stinkweed

volunteer canola
(excluding CLEARFIELD)

wild mustard
wild oats

Additional weeds controlled

dandelion
green smartweed
kochia

when 2,4-D Ester is added

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

narrow-leaved
hawk's-beard
perennial sow-thistle

stork's-bill

volunteer canola (CLEARFIELD)
wild buckwheat

Additional weeds controlled

burdock
cocklebur
common plantain
common ragweed
flixweed

when MCPA Ester is added

kochia

lamb’s-quarters

mustards

(except dog, tansy)

narrow-leaved
hawk's-beard
prickly lettuce
Russian pigweed

shepherd's-purse
stork's-bill
sunflower
wild radish

Additional weeds controlled when Pardner EC Is added

American nightshade common ragweed

bluebur cow cockle

cocklebur green smartweed

common buckwheat kochia*

common groundsel lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters
narrow-leaved
hawk's-beard
pale smartweed

pigweed
Russian thistle
tartary buckwheat
wild buckwheat

Additional weeds controlled

dandelion

flixweed

green smartweed
hemp-nettle

when Buctril M is added

kochia*

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

mustards

(except dog, tansy)
scentless chamomile**

shepherd's-purse
stinkweed
volunteer canola
wild buckwheat

* Spray before plants are 5 cm high.
** Spring annuals only.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Sundance + Merge: Barnyard grass, dandelion, green foxtail, perennial sow-thistle,
quackgrass. Sundance -I- MCPA + Merge: Canada thistle, dandelion, green foxtail, green smartweed,
perennial sow-thistle, quackgrass, wild buckwheat.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Wheat: Before the fourth tiller.

Weed stage: Wild oats: Up to the 6 leaf stage and no later than the 3 tiller stage. For optimum
performance and yield response, apply prior to tillering of wild oats. For annual broadleafs, seedling weeds
are controlled much easier than larger weeds. Perennial weeds should be treated prior to the flower stage
and during a period of active growth.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only.

Rate: Sundance: 10.8 g/ac -I- Merge: 200 mL/ac

Water volume: 23 - 45 L/ac. Always use clean water, free of sediments.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid subsequent injury to crop other than wheat, immediately after Sundance
herbicide use and prior to spraying other crops, thoroughly clean all mixing and spraying equipments as
follows:

1. Drain tank; then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually
inspect tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of Sundance herbicide. It may be necessary to repeat
Step 1.

264

Sundance (cont'd)

2. Fill the tank with clean water, add one litre of household ammonia (containing minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses and then add more water to
ensure tank is completely filled. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again flush the hoses, booms
and nozzles with clean solution and drain tank.

3. Remove nozzles and screens and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat Step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

Incorporation: Not applicable.

8. Application Tips: For optimum control, apply Sundance to actively growing weeds. Early application (prior
to the first tiller of wild oats) will maximize crop yields by reducing weed competition. Do not apply
Sundance to wheat stressed by conditions such as frost, low fertility, drought, flooding, disease or insect
damage because crop injury may result.

9. How it Works: Sundance is a systemic herbicide that is translocated to the growing points in plants.
Sundance inhibits cell division rapidly.

10. Expected Results: Growth is inhibited rapidly. S5miptoms will be observed in 4 - 5 days. However, complete
kill will not be observed until 14 - 25 days after treatment.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 hours after application may reduce performance.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement of this herbicide in soil is minimal.

13. Crop Restrictions:

Greater than 4% Organic Matter: Sundance herbicide-treated wheat fields with soil organic matter of
4% or greater may be rotated to the following crops the year after treatment: all wheat varieties including
durum, canola, barley, peas and flax. In areas where fields may have been affected by extreme drought or
drought conditions and high soil pH (pH 7.5 and greater) between application and soil freeze-up, injury to
crops other than wheat or CLEARFIELD canola may be observed within the recommended plantback timing
interval.

Less than 4% Organic Matter: Sundance herbicide-treated wheat fields with organic matter less than
4% may be rotated to the following crops the year after treatment: all wheat varieties including durum, and
imazethapyr tolerant canola, i.e. CLEARFIELD canola. In the second year after treatment (22 months after
application), the following crops may be planted: wheat, durum wheat, barley, canola, peas or flax. In areas
where fields may have been affected by extreme drought or drought conditions and high soil pH (pH 7.5 and
greater), between application and soil freeze-up, injury to crops other than wheat or CLEARFIELD canola
may be observed within the recommended plantback timing interval.

14. Toxocity: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) == >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store under cool, dry conditions (below 50°C). Do not store under moist conditions.

17. Resistance Management: Sundance is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Sundance and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate
the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

265

Herbicides

Target/Sword (MCPA + mecoprop + dicamba)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada tncyiinited Agri Products

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; 275 g/L MCPA + 62.5 g/L mecoprop + 62.5 g/L dicamba; 2 x 10 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: Horizon (95 or 115 mL/ac + Score, wheat), Afolan F (barley, wheat), Lorox L (barley,
wheat), Sencor (barley, wheat), Linuron 480 (wheat, barley).

3. Crops:

annual canary seed (9.0) hard red

barley (8.5) spring wheat (8.4)

durum wheat (8.8) oats (9.0)

Seedling and established grasses grown for forage

creeping red fescue intermediate wheatgrass

crested wheatgrass meadow foxtail

Additional established grasses grown for forage:
Kentucky bluegrass meadow fescue

meadow bromegrass slender pubescent

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual smartweeds (8.0)
annual sow-thistle
ball mustards
chickweed*
cleavers (7.5)
common ragweed
corn spurry (8.8)

* Only in tank mix with

cow cockle (8.5)
flixweed (8.5)
hemp-nettle
knotweed
kochia (8.0)
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters (8.7)

F, Lorox L and Sencor.

summerfallow
(thistle control)
winter wheat (8.6)

orchard grass timothy

smooth bromegrass

tall fescue western wheatgrass

tall wheatgrass

night-flowering catchfly (7.5)
prostrate pigweed (8.5)
redroot pigweed (8.5)
Russian thistle (8.5)
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed (8.8)
tartary buckwheat (8.5)

volunteer buckwheat
volunteer mustards
volunteer rapeseed (9.0)
volunteer sunflowers (8.3)
wild buckwheat (8.5)
wild mustards (8.8)
wormseed mustards

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle (6.6), field bindweed, hedge bindweed, perennial sow-thistle.

6. When Used: Annual canary seed, durum wheat, oats, spring wheat: 2 - 5 leaf stage. Barley: 2 - 4 leaf stage.
Winter wheat: apply in spring before crop is more than 30 cm tall. Seedling grasses grown for forage:

2 - 4 leaf stage. Weed growth stage: 2 - 5 leaf stage. Cleavers (1 - 2 whorl), hemp-nettle (before second pair
of true leaves). Russian thistle (less than 5 cm). Summerfallow: Canada thistle is in the early bud stage. Post
harvest (stubble): Canada thistle actively growing 15-20 cm, do not apply within 2 weeks of a killing frost.

7. How to Apply:
with: Ground or air.

Rate: 400 - 600 mL/ac. For Canada thistle, cleavers, field bindweed, hedge bindweed, hemp-nettle,
perennial sow-thistle, volunteer canola, winter annuals: 600 mL/ac. Summerfallow: 800 mL/ac.

Post harvest (stubble) : 800 mL/ac.

Water volume: Ground: 40 L/ac. Air: 12 L/ac (minimum).

Pressure: 200 - 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Use the higher rate when weeds are beyond the 3 leaf stage, when weed densities are
high, when weeds are not actively growing due to extended periods of hot and dry or cold and wet weather
prior to application or for control of overwintering fixweed, shepherd’s-purse and stinkweed. In winter
wheat, spray winter annuals as soon as growth begins in spring. Do not let contents stand for long periods.
Agitate every 8 hours.

9. How it Works: A combination of 3 systemic hormonal herbicides that accummulate in the growing point of
susceptible plants, produce abnormal growth and disrupt the transport system in plants.

266

Target/Sword (cont'd)

1 0. Expected Results:

Weeds: Can take up to 7 - 14 days depending on weather and growing conditions. Leaves curl, leaf edges
turn brown, petioles twist, plant ceases growth and turns brown and dies.

Crop: Improper or untimely application can result in abnormal bending at the nodes of grain stalks,
difficulty in head emergence from sheath, curled awns, malformed kernels and sterile florets. Under certain
conditions, straw shortening may occur but )deld will not be affected. Poor results may be expected if
there is poor coverage, rainfall less than 3 hours after application or weeds are too advanced. Dicamba
containing products can be hard on crops if incorrectly applied.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 3 hours will reduce activity.

12. Movement in Soil:

MCPA/mecoprop: Readily mobile in the soil.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed within 7 days of application. Most
vegetables and fruit crops are very sensitive to drift. Cereal and broadleaf crops can be grown the year
following application.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = MCPA 100 - 500 mg/kg, mecoprop =

930 mg/kg, dicamba = 2,629 mg/kg. Target = 1,600 mg/kg. Non-toxic to fish. Toxic to bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Heated storage only.

17. Resistance Management: Target/Sword is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Target/Sword and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

1. Formulations: Dry flowable; 75%, 500 g (5 X 100 gram water soluble bags).

2. Registered Mixes: Telar Toss-N-Go (48 g/ac) -t- Krovar I (2.75 - 3.6 kg/ac -l- surfactant); Telar Toss-N-Go
(6 g/ac) -I- 2,4-D Amine (.32 - .45 L/ac) or 2,4-D Ester (.24 - .32 L/ac).

Surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90, Citowett plus. Companion, Super Spreader.

Suggested sequentials: Atrazine, Hyvar X, Hyvar X-L, Karmex DF, Krovar I, Princep, Spike, or Velpar.

Telar (chlorsulfuron)

CAUTION POISON

267

Herbicides

Telar (cont'd)

Mixing instructions: Fill the spray tank 1/4 - 1/3 full with clean water. Add the recommended number of
Telar Toss-N-Go bags to the spray tank while agitator is running. Continuous agitation is required to keep
Telar herbicide in suspension. After Telar Toss-N-Go Bags have fully dissolved and Telar is in suspension,
other tank mix components may be added while continuing to full the tank with water. The proper sequence
for tank mix components is as follows:

1. dry formulations,

2. emulsifiable concentrates,

3. surfactants.

If a drift control agent is to be tank mixed, it is to be added last.

For repeat loads, reduce the tank heel to 10% or less of the previous load. Fill tank with clean water as
described in step 1, and continue as directed. Emulsifiable concentrates may make dispersion of Telar more
difficult. For that reason, tank heels of the previous tank mix should be kept to 10% or less of the spray tank
volume. Do not allow the spray mixture to remain in the tank for more than 24 hours before spraying, or the
effectiveness may be reduced. If the spray mixture has been allowed to stand in the tank, use vigorous
agitation to thoroughly disperse before resuming spraying.

3. Crops: Non-crop land such as lumber yards, petroleum tank farms, plant sites, railroads and storage areas
where the object is to achieve and maintain control of all vegetation.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Telar at 6 g/ac + 2,4-D

annual sunflower

hemp-nettle

plantain

stinkweed

ball mustard

kochia

prickly lettuce

stork's-bill

common ragweed

lady's-thumb

redroot pigweed

sweet clover

cow cockle

lamb's-quarters

Russian pigweed

volunteer rapeseed

flixweed

narrow-leaved hawk's-

Russian thistle

wild mustard

green smartweed

beard (spring seedlings)

shepherd's-purse

Telar alone at 12 g/ac

blue bur

flixweed

lamb's-quarters

stinkweed

chickweed

green smartweed

redroot pigweed

stork's-bill

common groundsel

hemp-nettle

scentless chamomile

volunteer rapeseed

corn spurry
cow cockle

lady's-thumb

shepherd's-purse

wild mustard

Telar alone at 16 g/ac

Weeds controlled at 1 2

g/ac, plus wild carrot

Telar alone at 28 g/ac

Weeds controlled at 1 6

g/ac, plus common tansy

kochia Russian thistle sweet clove

Broadleaf weed control in non-crop land (where vegetation is not desirable).

This rate of Telar Toss-N-Go Bags may cause severe injury for certain grass species.

Telar alone at 48 g/ac

Weeds controlled at 28 g/ac, plus Canada thistle narrow-leaved wild buckwheat

dandelion hawk's-beard

horsetail

5. Weeds Suppressed:

Telar (alone) 28 g/ac: Canada thistle, dandelion, golden rod, horsetail, perennial sow-thistle, wild rose,
wild strawberry.

Telar (alone) 48 g/ac: Golden rod, perennial sow-thistle, wild rose, wild strawberry, willow.

6. When Used:

Weed stage: Apply when weeds are small (less than 10 cm tall). Under adverse conditions the addition of
a recommended surfactant at 1 L/ 1,000 L spray solution may improve control of weeds.

268

Teiar (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Alone at 12, 16, 28 or 48 g/ac. At 6 g/ac when tank mixing with 2,4-D and at 28 g/ac when tank
mixing with Krovar I.

Surfactant: 1 L/ 1,000 L spray solution.

Water volume: Not less than 40 L/ac. Spray volumes of 80 - 160 L/ac are recommended.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: 50 mesh or larger screens. Only metal or nylon filters.

Sprayer cleanup: If the sprayer is to be used to spray sensitive crops or ornamentals, thoroughly remove
all traces of Teiar herbicide from the mixing and spray equipment immediately after spraying as follows:

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually inspect
tank to assure removal of all visible residues of Teiar herbicide. If necessary, repeat step 1. Do not clean
sprayer near well or water source or near desirable vegetation.

2. Fill the tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water
to completely fill tank. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, boom and
nozzles with the cleaning solution and drain tank.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Select a spray volume that will ensure thorough coverage and uniform spray pattern. Best
results are obtained when weeds are actively growing.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through the roots and foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

1 0. Expected Results: Teiar rapidly inhibits growth of susceptible weeds. Typical symptoms (discolouration) of
dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application depending on growing conditions and
weed susceptibility. Degree of control and duration of effect depend on the following factors: rate used,
weed sensitivity and weed size, growing conditions at and following treatment, precipitation, soil organic
matter and pH.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 2 hours may lessen degree of weed control. Residual control of weeds
germinating after spray application as achieved when Teiar herbicide is carried into the root zone by rainfall.
For best results, sufficient rainfall to move Teiar 5 - 7 cm deep into the soil is required after application,
before weeds develop an established root system and grow beyond the seedling stage.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by finely textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral-to-acidic
conditions.

13. Cropping Restrictions: For use on non-crop land only.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = 5,919 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27) for further
information. Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Teiar Toss-N-Go Bags are dry flowable granules contained within a water
soluble film. The water soluble film dissolves readily in water. Reseal unused Toss-N-Go Bags into cardboard
cylinder when not in use.

269

Herbicides

Telar (cont'd)

1 7. Resistance Management: Telar is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants

I naturally resistant to Telar and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed
population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

10.

11.

12.

Thumper (bromoxynil + 2,4-D)

Group 6,4

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

WARNING POISON

Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 280 g/L bromoxynil -I- 280 g/L 2,4-D; 2x8 L jugs.

Registered Mixes: Achieve 80DG ( barley, wheat); Avenge (barley, spring wheat); Horizon (spring wheat,
durum wheat) ; Puma^^° Super (barley, spring wheat, durum wheat) . Refer to Achieve 80DG label for mixing
instructions.

Crops: Barley, durum wheat, spring wheat.

Weeds Controlled:

American nightshade
ball mustard
bluebur
cocklebur

common buckwheat
common groundsel
common ragweed

cow cockle
flixweed

green smartweed
kochia

lady's-thumb

lamb's-quarters

night-flowering catchfly
pale smartweed
redroot pigweed
(triazine resistant)
Russian thistle
shepherd's-purse

stinkweed
tartary buckwheat
volunteer canola
volunteer sunflower
wild buckwheat
wild mustard

Weeds Suppressed: None.
When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, durum wheat, spring wheat: 4 leaf to early flag leaf.

Weed stage: Up to 4 leaf stage. Buckwheats, groundsel, lamb’s-quarters, stinkweed, wild mustard: up to
8 leaf stage. Kochia, Russian thistle: up to 5 cm high. Velvet leaf: up to 8 cm high.

How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 405 mL/ac.

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac or more. Ground: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended. Hollow cone (air only).

Application Tips: Do not treat cereals underseeded with forages. For best results, spray when weeds are in
the seedling stage and actively growing. Application before the 4 leaf stage may injure the crop.

How it Works: Bromoxynil is a contact type herbicide; therefore, good spray coverage is essential. Inhibits
photosynthesis and plant respiration. 2,4-D is a hormone t5q)e herbicide which causes abnormal growth,
affects respiration, food reserves and cell division in broadleaf plants. Absorbed primarily by leaves and
stems and translocated to the growing tips and roots.

Expected Results: Small burn spots on the leaf can appear within hours; death takes up to 2 weeks.

Effects of Rainfall: No effect.

Movement in Soil: Leaching does not pose a problem.

270

Thumper (cont'd)

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze of harvest for greenfeed until 30 days after treatment.

Succeeding crops: No restrictions.

14. Toxicology: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 230 mg/kg (active ingredient).
Intake of a large dose may cause convulsions, sudden collapse and coma. Can be absorbed through the skin.
Very toxic to fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Does not require heated storage.

17. Resistance Management: Thumper is both a Group 4 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Thumper and other Group 4 and 6 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38 - 42).

Tordon 22K
Tordon 101

(picloram)

Mixture

(picloram -I- 2,4-D) c~m~>

Group 4

Manufacturer; Dow AgroSciences.Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

Note:

Tordon 22K: Rangeland and pasture applicaitons. Does not require a licenced pesticide applicator.
Tordon 101: Available only to authorized pesticide applicators.

1. Formulations: Solution: Tordon 22K; 240 g/L; 3.6 L and 10 Ljug: Tordon 101 Mixture; 65 g -t- 240 g/L;
10 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Tordon lOl plus Sodium TCA, Tordon 101 plus Sylgard.

3. Crops:

Tordon 22K: Permanent grass pastures, rangeland, spot treatment on cultivated cropland,
utility rights-of-way.

Tordon 101 mixture: Non-crop areas (utility rights-of-way).

4. Weeds Controlled:

Tordon 22K:

Group 1: Scentless chamomile.

Group 2: Diffuse knapweed, spotted knapweed.

Group 3: Canada thistle, pasture sage, poverty weed, Russian knapweed, sow-thistle.

Group 4: Field bindweed, leafy spurge, toadflax.

271

Herbicides

Tordon 22K/Tordon 101 Mixture (cont'd)

Tor don 101 mixture:

Brush: Alder, birch, cedar, maple, pine, poplar, spruce and other species.

Weeds: Burdock, Canada thistle, common ragweed, dandelion, dock, goldenrod, fleabane, plantain,
prickly lettuce, red clover, sweet clover, vetch, wild carrot.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Tordon 22K: Any time when, green fully developed leaves are present.

Tordon 101 mixture:

Brush: After foliage is well developed. Unsatisfactory results may occur if applications are made when
foliage has lost its normal green colour.

Weeds: Spring or early summer after growth appears.

7. How to Apply:

Tordon 22K: Boom, handgun or backpack.

Tordon 101 mixture: Ground equipment or helicopter using drift control system or agent.

Rate:

Tordon 22K

Tordon 22K per lOOm^

Group 1 : 445 mUac

Group 1 : 1 1 ml

Group 2: 910 m L/ac

Group 2: 22 ml

Group 3: 1.8 L/ac

Group 3: 45 ml

Group 4: 3.6 L/ac

Group 4: 90 mL

Tordon 181 mixture

Brush: 7.3-10 L/ac (ground); 10
Weeds: 2.8 l/ac

- 1 4 l/ac (air)

Water volume:

Tordon 22K: 160 - 324 L/ac.

Tordon 101 mixture: 80 L/ac.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Tordon 22K used as a spot treatment in a crop. No spot treatment should exceed 1 acre,
and the total area treated in any 1 field in a year should not exceed 5% of the field.

Note: Picloram is extremely persistent and water soluble. Small quantities may cause damage to desirable
plants. Do not apply or permit any Tordon to contaminate soil used to grow desirable, susceptible plants. Do
not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes.

9. How it Works: interferes with cell division, causing leaf cupping, stem distortion and eventual death of
plant. Tordon 101 and 22K are absorbed through leaves and roots.

10. Expected Results:

Tordon 22K: Perennial weeds show distorted stems and cupped leaves, which turn yellow and then brown.
Usually native grass increases in abundance as a result of reduced competition.

Tordon 101 mixture: 2 - 3 weeks after the first rainfall after treatment, leaves of affected trees become
dull and cupped; orange streaks appear on stems of poplar trees and leaves become brown and brittle as the
tree dies. Poor results may be expected if there is heavy rainfall immediately after treatment on light
sandy soil.

272

Tordon 22K/Tordon 101 Mixture (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rainfall may carry picloram away from the target area.

12. Movement in Soil: Picloram is very soluble in water and moves with water in coarsely textured soils.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze dairy animals in treated area within 6 weeks after treatment. For
Tordon 101, withdraw meat animals from treated fields 3 days prior to slaughter. Manure from picloram
treated vegetation should not be used to grow sensitive crops but rather be returned to a cereal crop field.
When applied as a spot treatment on cropland, picloram may persist in soil for up to 5 years and prevent the
establishment of sensitive crops.

Succeeding crops:

1st year: Oats.

2nd year: Oats or barley.

3rd year: Oats, barley or wheat. A reduction in yield in the 1st year is usually offset by benefits of weed
control obtained. Legumes may not be established in a pasture for several years after a Tordon treatment. If
legumes are essential in a pasture, do not use Tordon.

14. Toxicity: Tordon 22K = >5,000 mg/kg; Tordon 101 = 2,598 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Tordon 22K: Store in a cool, dry place. Do not freeze. If freezing occurs, bring to room temperature
and mix thoroughly. Tordon 101 Mixture: Store in a cool, dry place.

17. Resistance Management: Tordon 22K/Tordon lOl Mixture is both a Group 4 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any
weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Tordon 22K/Tordon 101 Mixture and
other Group 4 and 6 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these
herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of
action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate
resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

Touchdown id (glyphosate)

Group 9

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Water soluble liquid; 360 g/L acid equivalent (present as 480 g/L diammonium salt);

10 L jug, 450 L tote.

2. Registered Mixes:

Minimum tillage; Pardner
Summerfallow: Dicamba, 2,4-D amine

Non-ionic surfactants: Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Frigate, Companion, Enhance.

3. Crops: Fall stubble treatment, minimum or zero tillage, non-crop areas, pasture renovation, pre-plant or pre-
seed application in direct seeding systems, spot treatment (in-crop), summerfallow.

Herbicides

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Annuals - Grasses

annual bluegrass

giant foxtail

tame rye grass

wild oats

barnyard grass

green foxtail

volunteer barley

yellow foxtail

downy brome

Persian darnel

volunteer wheat

volunteer corn

Annuals - Broadleaf

annual sow-thistle

hairy galinsoga

narrow-leaved vetch

stork's-bill

black nightshade

hemp-nettle

prickly lettuce

volunteer canola

Canada fleabane

kochia

prostrate knotweed

volunteer corn

common chickweed

lady's-thumb

redroot pigweed

volunteer flax

common ragweed

lamb's-quarters

Russian thistle

wild buckwheat

crabgrass

low cudweed

shepherd's-purse

wild mustard

dodder

narrow-leaved

stinkweed

yellow nutsedge

flixweed

hawk's-beard

Perennials - Grasses

Canada bluegrass

foxtail barley

quackgrass

smooth bromegrass

Canada Kentucky bluegrass

orchard grass

round-leaved mallow

wire stem mulhy

common redtop

Perennials - Broadleaf

absinth

common milkweed

hoary cress

sheep's sorrel

alfalfa

colt's foot

horsetail

smooth bedstraw

broadleaf plantain

cottontop

Japanese knotweed

toadflax

Canada goldenrod

curled dock

Jerusalem artichoke

white clover

Canada thistle

field bindweed

mouse-eared chickweed

wild carrot

cattail

grass-leaved stitchwort

perennial sow-thistle

wild grape

common dandelion

hemp dogbane

poison ivy

wormwood

5. Weeds Suppressed: Some weeds suppressed at lower rates.

6. When Used:

Annual weeds: Grassy and broadleaf weeds at least 15 cm tall and actively growing.

Perennial weeds: Canada thistle (bud stage): At or beyond bud stage of growth.

Canada thistle (rosette stage): Ensure the majority of the rosettes are a minimum of 15 cm in diameter.
Field bindweed: Full bloom stage or beyond.

Milkweed: Bud to full bloom for most shoots.

Quackgrass (spring application, no fall tillage): 3 - 4 green leaves or approximately 20 cm in
height.

Quackgrass (spring application, fall-tilled land): 4 - 5 green leaves or approximately 20 cm in
height.

Quackgrass (fall application, after harvest): 3 - 4 green leaves or approximately 20 cm in height.
Other perennial weeds: At the early heading or early bud stage.

274

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Boom (ground boom) and boomless equipment, knapsack sprayers, hand
held and high volume equipment; wiper, wick and roller equipment.

Annual Weed Centrol

Weeds controlled

Green foxtail, lady's-thumb,
stinkweed, volunteer cereals,
wild mustard, wild oats.

All annual grasses listed above plus
foxtail barley* (suppression only).

Alt annual broadleaf weeds listed
above plus flixweed** and kochia**.

All annual grasses listed above plus
downy brome, giant foxtail,

Persian darnel.

All annual broadleaf weeds listed
above plus Canada fleabane*,
common ragweed, flixweed,
hemp-nettle, kochia, lamb's-quarters,
narrow-leaved hawk's-beard***,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
volunteer flax, wild buckwheat**.

All annual grasses listed above plus
crab grass and annual bluegrass.

All annual broadleaf weeds
listed above plus annual sow-thistle,
kochia, narrow-leaved vetch,
prickly lettuce, and shepherd' s-purse.

All annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds listed above.

Growth stage

Weeds up to
8 cm in height

Rate (lyac)
0.30

Weeds
8 -15 cm

Weeds up to
15 cm In height

0.40

0.51-0.77

Weeds up to
15 cm in height

Weeds over
15 cm in height

0.91

1.41

Comments

For wild oats, apply at 1 - 3 leaf stage.
Add 350 ml of a registered surfactant
(Agral 90 or Ag-Surf).

For heavy wild oat infestation, use heavy

No additional surfactant is required.

Add 350 ml of surfactant registered for
use as listed above.

* Apply before initiation of seed head or
senescence of lower leaves.

** Suppression only.

No additional surfactant is required.

* Do not use these rates on plants greater
than 8 cm in height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use higher rate,
*** For weeds 8 - 15 cm cm in height,
use heavy rate.

For additional broadleaf weed control
options, refer to tank mix section on the
label.

275

Herbicides

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

Annual Weed Control Tank Mixtures for Suinmerfatlow

Rata (Mac)

Tank mixture

Weetls controlied

TOfQ

plus tank mix paitner

Touchdown iQ

Cow cockle, green foxtail.

0.30 - 0.40

plus

flixweed*, kochia,

plus 0.12

Dicamba 480

lamb's-quarters, lady's-thumb,
stinkweed, redroot pigweed**,
Russian thistle, volunteer cereal,
volunteer canola (excluding
glyphosate tolerant},

wild buckwheat**, wild oats.

Touchdown iQ

Green foxtail*, flixweed*.

0.30 - 0.40

plus

kochia, lamb's-quarters.

plus 0.49

2,4-D amine'

lady's-thumb, stinkweed,
redroot pigweed**,

Russian thistle, volunteer cereal,
volunteer canola (excluding
glyphosate tolerant),
wild buckwheat**, wild oats*.

Touchdown iQ

Green foxtail, kochia**,

0.30 - 0.40

plus

lamb's-quarters, lady's-thumb.

plus 0.50

Pardner

stinkweed, redroot pigweed**,
Russian thistle, volunteer cereal,
volunteer canola (excluding
glyphosate tolerant),
wild buckwheat*, wild oats**

^ 0.56 kg ai/ha of 2,4-D. Adjust rates accordingly for other 2,4-D formulations.

276

Comments

Apply in 20 - 40 L/ac of water.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall
and actively growing for best results.
Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm in height.

* Use higher rates of Touchdown iQ.

** Suppression only.

Apply in 20 - 40 lyac of water.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall
and actively growing for best results.
Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm in height.

* Use higher rates of Touchdown iQ
for wild oat and green foxtail control.

** Suppression only.

This tank mixture is registered for use
in summerfallow and prior to seeding
or after seeding, but before crop
emergence in wheat, barley and oats
in direct seeding systems.

Apply in 20 - 40 lyac of water.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall
and actively growing for best results.
Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm in height.

* Use higher rates of Touchdown IQ
for wild buckwheat control.

** Suppression only.

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

W«ed Canfrol

Weeds cofifrolled

Growth stage

Gate (t/ac)

Water vot.

Comments

Canada thistle

Bud stage or
beyond

1 .9 - 2.9

100 - 300

Allow 5 days after application before
tillage.

Heavy frost prior to application may
decrease control.

Rosette stage
(summerf allow)

50-100

Perform the last summerfallow tillage
operation between July 5 and August 1.
Allow regrowth for a minimum of
5 weeks to reach rosette stage and a
minimum of 15 cm in diameter.

Allow 1 0 days after application before
tillage. Treatment after mild frost is
possible if leaves are still green and
actively growing.

Field bindweed

Full bloom or
beyond

2.8 - 4.9

100 - 300

Allow 7 days or more after application
before tillage.

Common milkweed

Bud to full
bloom for most
shoots

4.9

100 - 300

Spot treatment rate is 95 mL/1 00 m^
and spray to wet.

Quackgrass
spring application
(no fall tillage)

3 - 4 green
leaves; approx.
20 cm high

1.0

50 - 300

Season-long control. For higher water
volume, use approved surfactant at
0.5% vA/. Allow 3 days after application
before tillage. '

spring application
(M tilled land)

4 - 5 green
leaves; approx.
20 cm high

1.0

50-100

Season-long control. Apply in spring prior
to seeding. Growth stage usually reached
1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled land.

fall application

3 - 4 green
leaves; approx.
20 cm high

1.0

Season-long control the following year.
Do not till between harvest and
application. Allow 5 days or more after
application before tillage.

3 - 4 green
leaves; approx.
20 cm high

1.0 -2.9

Long-term control. Treatment after mild
frost is possible if 3 - 4 leaves are still
green and actively growing.

(continued)

Herbicides

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

Perennial Weed Control {continued)
Perennial Weed Control

Weeds controlled

Wire stemmed muhly,
alfalfa, broadleaf plantain,
Canada goldenrod, horsetail,
mouse eared chickweed,
sheep sorrel, wild grape

Growth stage Rate (L/ac) Water vol. Comments

0.7 - 1.4 1 00 - 300 Use higher rates for weeds beyond 8 cm

in height or in heavy weed infestation.
Allow 7 days after application before
tillage.

Dandelion, round-leafed
mallow, smooth bedstraw,
stork' s-bill, white clover,
wild carrot

1 .4 - 2.3 1 00 - 300 Use higher rates for weeds beyond 8 cm

in height or in heavy weed infestation.
Allow 7 days after application before

tillage.

Other perennial weeds Early heading or 2.3 - 3.9

early bud stage

1 00 - 300 Use higher rates for weeds beyond 8 cm

in heighE or in heavy weed infestation.
Allow 7 days after application before
tillage.

Note: The following grasses and broadleaf weeds require a use rate of 0.7 - 1.5 L/ac. Wire stemmed mulhy,
alfalfa, broadleaf plantain, Canada goldenrod, horsetail, mouse-eared chickweed, sheep’s sorrel and wild
grape. All other perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds require a use rate of 1.5 - 2.3 L/ac. These include
common redtop, orchard grass, colt’s foot dandelion, grass-leafed stitchwort, Jerusalem artichoke, round-
leaved mallow, smooth bedstraw, stork’s-bill, white clover and wild carrot.

Water volume: Handgun, high volume (coarse spray only): 80 - 120 L/ac. Boom: 40 - 120 L/ac.

Chemical fallow, reduced rates: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles for volumes 20 - 40 L/ac. Flood jet type or flat fan for volumes above 40 L/ac.

8. Application Tips: Tillage or mowing prior to application will reduce effectiveness on perennial weeds.
Minimum (days) to wait before tillage after Touchdown applications: Quackgrass spring application (3); fall
application (5); Canada thistle bud stage (5); Canada thistle rosette stage (10); field bindweed, milkweed,
other perennials (7). Reduced results may occur if water containing soil is used, such as water from ponds
and ditches. Poor control may also occur when treating weeds heavily covered with dust.

Quackgrass control: Spring and fall treatments in annual and forage cropping systems: Apply to actively
growing quackgrass. Reduced control may result if rhizomes become dormant. This may occur due to poor
sod or land has not been tilled for several years. For fall application, straw should be removed or evenly
spread to allow regrowth and adequate spray coverage. Treatment after a mild frost is possible if 3 - 4 leaves
are still green and actively growing, but not after a heavy frost. For spring application on fall tilled ground,
delay application until the majority of quackgrass have 4 - 5 green leaves. This stage is usually reached

1 - 4 weeks later than on undisturbed ground.

Canada thistle (fall rosette): Conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform the last tillage
operation from July 5 to August 1. Allow thistles to regrow for a minimum of 5 weeks until they are 15 cm in
diameter and the majority of them are in a rosette stage. Treatment after mild frost is possible if leaves are
still green and actively growing, but not after heavy damaging frost.

9. How it Works: A non-selective, systemic herbicide that moves from the foliage into the roots and kills the
entire plant.

1 0. Expected Results: Gradual wilting and yellowing of the plant that advances to complete browning of above
ground growth, and deterioration of underground plant parts occurs. For annuals, this result occurs within

2 - 4 days; perennials require 7-10 days. Extremely cool and cloudy weather may slow activity of this
product and delay visual effects of control.

278

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application.

12. Movement in Soil: The amount of glyphosate leaching is very low.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze or harvest treated areas.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,298 - 1,760 mg/kg. Eye irritant.
Non-toxic to bees, birds and fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Heated storage not required.

1 7. Resistance Management: Touchdown iQ is a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or
develop plants naturally resistant to Touchdown iQ and other Group 9 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may
dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed

(see page 38-42).

Preharvest - Touchdown iQ

Application can be made prior to the harvest of wheat for the control of quack grass, Canada thistle,
common milkweed and season-long control of perennial sow thistle.

Crop: Barley, oats, wheat, canola, flax (including low linolenic acid varieties), lentils, peas, soybean and
drybean. Do not apply to crops grown for seed.

Rate: 1 L/ac.

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Crop timing: Apply when seed moisture is less than 30%. An accurate evaluation and measurement of
seed moisture content must be made before pre-harvest application. This stage typically occurs 7 - 14 days
before harvest. Consult table below to review visual indicators for each crop.

Weeds controlled: Quack grass, Canada thistle, common milkweed and season-long control of perennial
sow-thistle and annual weeds.

Application tips: This treatment may also provide harvest management benefits by dr)dng down crop and
weed vegetative growth, for example, where late flushes of annual weeds, green vegetative crop growth or
late tillering may interfere with harvest operations. Extremely cool and/or cloudy weather conditions
between the time of application and the anticipated harvest date may slow down activity of this product,
thereby delaying crop drydown and harvest date. For best weed control results, quackgrass should be
actively growing and have at least 4 - 5 green leaves; Canada thistle and perennial sow-thistle should be
actively growing and at or beyond the bud stage. Applications for weed control (not harvest management)
must be made at the correct stage of both weed and crop growth. Apply only during the period 7-14 days
before harvest to ensure best weed control and maximize the harvest management benefits. Earlier
application may reduce crop yield and/or quality, and may lead to excess glyphosate residues on the crop.

Glyphosate Tolerant Canola

Crop: Canola varieties with Roundup Ready Gene. Note: Always use pedigreed (i.e. certified) gl)q)hosate
tolerant canola seed. Canola, that is not designated as glyphosate tolerant will be damaged or destroyed by
this treatment.

279

sapfoiqji

Herbicides

Touchdown iQ (cont'd)

Weeds controlled.

growth stage and rate:

Crop

Rate

Weeds controlled

Annual weeds

0.33 - 0.50 L/ac

Chickweed, cleavers*, com spurry, cow cockle green foxtail
hemp-nettle, kochia, lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarter,
night-flowering catchfly*, non-glyphosate tolerant canola,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, shepherd' s-purse', smartweed,
stinkweed, volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, wild buckwheat*,
wild mustard, wild oats, wild tomato

Perennial weed
suppression

0.5 L/ac

Canada thistle, dandelions, perennial sow-thistle,
quackgrass (season-long control)

Perennial weed
season-long

Repeat application
at 0.5 L/ac

Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle

* Use 0.5 L/acre rate for the control of these weeds at all crop growth stages The lower rate can be used for control of
cow cockle and night-flowering catchfly at 1-3 leaf stage of crop or for control of smartweed at 4 - 6 leaf stage.

Application tips:

Repeat applications may be required if second flush of weeds germinates prior to canopy closure. Ensure
crop has not advanced beyond the recommended growth stage. A short term visual yellowing may occur
when Touchdown iQ is applied at the late application 4 - 6 leaf stage of the crop. This effect is temporary
and will not influence crop growth, maturity or yield.

Rate: 0.33 - 0.50 L/ac. No addition surfactant is required.

With: Ground application only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Crop stage: 0 - 6 leaf stage.

Grazing or Cropping restrictions. Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; sufficient data are not
available to support such use. Make preharvest applications at least 7 days before harvest.

Transline (clopyralidj

Available to Industrial Application Only

Group 4

Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Solution; 360 g/L; 4.45 Ljug.

2. Registered Mixes: 2, 4-D Ester and Amine, MCPA Ester and Amine.

3. Crops: Balsam fir Christmas tree stands or plantations, non-crop areas, rangeland or grass pasture,
right-of-ways, roadsides, storage sites, industrial manufacturing sites.

4. Weeds Controlled: Alsike clover, Canada thistle, common groundsel, common ragweed,
perennial sow-thistle (top growth control), scentless chamomile, vetch, wild buckwheat.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Ox-eye daisy, sheep sorrel.

6. When Used: Non-crop land: Canada thistle, perennial sow-thistle, scentless chamomile: between rosette
and pre-bud stage. Common ragweed: 5 - 10 cm in height. Vetch: when stems are 10 - 15 cm long.

Wild buckwheat: 2 - 6 leaf. All other weeds prior to 15 cm height. Apply when weeds are actively growing
with adequate soil moisture.

280

Transline (cont'd)

Rangeland or grass pasture: Seedling grasses at 2 - 4 leaf stage. For established grasses, apply at shot
blade stage or in fall after harvest or early spring. Do not apply tank mixes containing 2,4-D or MCPA.
Balsam fir Christmas tree stands or plantations: Apply when vetch stems are 10 - 15 cm long and
prior to the vetch climbing into the tree crown. Do not use on seedbeds, transplants or any over-the-top
applications. Do not apply tank mixes containing 2,4-D or MCPA.

7. How to Apply:

Crop

Non-crop

Rate

1 70 ml/ac
227 mL/ac

336 ml/ac

Weeds controlled

Alsike clover, Canada thistle {suppression of top
growth for 6 - 8 weeks), vetch {Vida spp.).

Canada thistle (season-long top growth control)
common groundsel, common ragweed,
ox-eye daisy (suppression), perennial sow-thistle
(top growth control), scentless chamomile,
sheep sorrel (suppression), wild buckwheat.

Canada thistle (season-long control of top growth with
a reduction in population in the following year).

Tank mix with 170 - 225 g/ac (active ingredient) 2,4-D or MCPA Amine or Ester for additional weed control
on roadsides or vacant lots.

Tank mix with 170 - 225 g/ac (active ingredient) 2,4-D Amine for additional broadleaf control on right-of-
way and associated station, industrial manufacturing sites and storage sites.

Rangeland and pasture

Rate

Weeds controlled

Creeping red fescue, Kentucky blue grass,
meadow foxtail, reed canary grass,
smooth bromegrass

170 ml/ac

Alsike clover, Canada thistle (suppression of top
growth for 6 - 8 weeks), vetch (Vida spp.)

Altai wild ryerass, crested wheatgrass,
intermediate wheatgrass, orchard grass,
Russian wild ryegrass, slender wheatgrass,
streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass,
timothy

227 ml/ac

Common groundsel, common ragweed,

Canada thistle (season-long top growth control),
ox-eye daisy (suppression), perennial sow-thistle
(top growth control), scentless chamomile,
sheep sorrel (suppression), wild buckwheat

Meadow fescue, tall fescue.

Only one application per season
Do not tank mix with MCPA or 2,4-D

Christmas tree stands or plantations

336 ml/ac

Canada thistle (season-long control of top growth
with a reduction in population in the following year)

Balsam fir

1 70 ml/ac

Vetch

8. Application Tips: Non-crop areas. Make sure the sprayer tank has been cleaned thoroughly before Transline
is mixed. Treat during warm weather when weeds are actively growing. Best results are obtained when
Canada thistle is actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for rapid growth. Under cool or dry
conditions, control of Canada thistle may be severely reduced. Sow-thistle plants emerging after spraying
will not be controlled.

Tank mixing Transline with 2,4-D or MCPA Ester or Amine will control many additional weeds (see
appropriate 2,4-D and MCPA labels).

281

Herbicides

Transline (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Rangeland and grass pasture: Dilute in 45 - 50 L/ac water. Make only one application per season by
ground sprayer. For seedling grasses, apply at 2 - 4 leaf stage. For established grasses, apply at shot-blade
stage or in the fall after harvest or in early spring. Do not apply tank mixtures containing 2,4-D or MCPA.
Balsam fir Christmas tree stands or plantations: Dilute in 60 - 80 L/ac water. Apply when vetch is
10 - 15 cm long and before it climbs into tree crown. Avoid contact with upper two thirds of crown. Do not
use on seedbeds, transplants or any over-the-top applications. Do not apply tank mixtures containing 2,4-D
or MCPA.

How it Works: Clopyralid is a systemic, hormone-type herbicide. It is absorbed by leaf and stem surfaces
and is readily translocated. Maximum efficacy results from foliar application to young, actively growing
plants.

Expected Results: Herbicide s5mnptoms on affected plants include swollen growing points and roots,
cupping of leaves, twisted and distorted stems and leaves. Plants will gradually stop growing and change
colour, first to dark green and then to yellow before turning brown as they die. Maximum effectiveness
results from foliar applications to young, actively growing plants. Death of weeds may not occur until
14-21 days after application. With the lowest rate of Transline on Canada thistle, some regrowth may occur
by the end of the season.

Effects of Rainfall: A rain-free period of 4 - 6 hours is required.

Movement in Soil: Clopyralid is somewhat soluble in water but is generally not mobile in soil under typical
prairie conditions.

Cropping Restrictions:

Drift: Small amounts of drift may damage sensitive plants such as legumes.

Succeeding crops: Areas previously treated with Transline can be seeded to barley, canola, forage grass
crops, flax, mustard, oats, rapeseed, rye, wheat, or they can be summerfallowed the year after treatment. Do
not seed to crops other than those listed above the year after treatment. For more cropping and use
information, contact your Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. representative.

Grazing restrictions: None. If necessary, forages may be grazed immediately following application.

Use of manure and straw from treated crops: Transline residues in straw maybe harmful to
susceptible plants. Do not use straw from treated crops for composting or mulching on susceptible broadleaf
crops. Manure can be spread on fields that will be seeded to barley, flax, oats, canola (rapeseed), rye or
wheat. Do not grow susceptible crops such as peas, beans, lentils, potatoes, sunflowers or other sensitive
crops on land that has been mulched with straw containing Transline residues within the last 12 months.
Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >2,000 mg/kg.

Acute oral LD^^ (bees) = >100 [xg/bee. Extremely low toxicity to fish.

Precautions, First Aid: Flammable. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls,
brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlines nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for
further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Store in heated storage away from open flames or sparks. If frozen, warm slowly to room
temperature and mix thoroughly before use.

Resistance Management: Transline is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Transline and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

282

Treflan/Advance/Rival/

Bonanza (trifluralin)

Oilseed, Special Crops

Group 3

Mdnuf^Ctiirers: OowAgroScienGes/Nufarm Canada/United Agri Products

1. Formulations: Granular: Advance lOG: 10.0%; 22.7 kg bag; 454 kg bulk bag. Bonanza lOG: 10%;
22.7 kg bag; 500 kg bulk bag. Rival lOG: 10%; 22.7 kg; 567 kg bag. Treflan QR5: 5%; 25 kg;

725 kg bag. Emulsifiable concentrate: Bonanza 400: 400 g/L; 10 L; 115 L; 205 L. Rival EC: 500 g/L;
9 L; 110 L; 200 L; 900 L containers. Treflan EC: 480 g/L; 9.45 L; 115 L containers.

Dry Flowable: Rival DF: 60%; 7.5 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5: None.

Bonanza 400/Rival/Treflan: For oilseeds and special crops: Liquid nitrogen fertilizer (28-0-0);
Sencor for T.T.C.

3. Crops:

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5

alfalfa establishment* dry beans

flax*** (7.7)

soybeans

canning peas (8.9)

fababeans (8.6)

lentils** (8.5)

sunflowers (8.9)

canola (rapeseed) (including

field peas (8.9)

mustard (8.9)

triazine tolerant) (8.9)

Bonanza 400

asparagus

canning peas

field peas

strawberries

black beans

crambe

lentils**

sunflower

canola (including

dry beans (field & kidney)

safflower

sweet clover*****

triazine tolerant)

fababeans

sainfoin

transplanted shelterbelts******

Rival EC/DF

asparagus (established)

carrots

flax***

snapbeans

black beans

cauliflower

lentils**

soybeans

broccoli

crambe

mustard

strawberries*****

brussels sprouts

dry comon beans

peppers

sunflower

cabbage

(kidney & white)

rutabaga

sweet clover*****

canning peas

fababeans

safflower

tomato

canola

field peas

sainfoin*****

transplanted shelterbelts

Treflan EC

alfalfa establishment*

cicer milk vitch

lentils**

soybeans

asparagus established

crambe

mustard

sunflower

bird's-foot trefoil

dry common beans

red clover

sweet clover*****

black beans

(kidney & white) (8.0)

safflower

transplanted shelterbelts

canning peas

fababeans

sainfoin

vegetables (refer to product

canola including

field peas (8.8)

Saskatoon berries

label for details)

triazine tolerant (8.8)

flax***

seeding alsike clover

* Canola and flax cover crops only.

** Fall application only.

*** Summer and fall application only.

**** Fall application only.

***** Spring application only.

****** American elm, caragana, green ash, Siberian elm, Scotch pine.

Underseeding: Not recommended.

283

rbicides

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual bluegrass (8.6) downy bromegrass (5.9) Persian darnel wild buckwheat (8.3)

barnyard grass (8.3) green foxtail* pigweed (8.2) wild oats (7.5)

chickweed (7.1) knotweed purslane (7.9) yellow foxtail (8.1)

cow cockle (9.0) lamb's-quarters (8.0)

* Excluding trifluralin resistant green foxtail.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

Certain formulations are not registered for all crops listed here. Refer to specific product label for details.
Advance lOG;

Spring: Not recommended.

Summer^: Canola (including triazine tolerant), flax. Apply between June 1 and September 1.
Summerfallow^: To be seeded the following spring to wheat. Apply between May 1 and September 1.
Fall^: Alfalfa establishment, canola (including triazine tolerant), dry beans, fababeans, flax, lentils, mustard,
peas, soybeans, sunflowers. Apply between September 1 and prior to soil freeze-up.

Bonanza lOG:

Spring: Not recommended.

Summer^: Canola (including triazine tolerant), dry beans, fababeans, flax. Apply between June 1 and
September 1.

Summer or falP: On stubble or summerfallow to be seeded the following spring to wheat. Apply between
May 1 and September 1.

Fall^: Alfalfa establishment, canola (including triazine tolerant), fababeans, flax, lentils, mustard, peas,
sunflower, soybeans. Apply between September 1 and prior to soil freeze-up.

Rival lOG:

Spring: Not recommended.

Summer^: Canola, fababeans, flax, lentils, mustard, sunflower. Apply to summerfallow between June 1
and September 1.

FalP: Canola (including triazine tolerant), fababeans, mustard, peas, sunflower. Apply between September 1
and soil freeze-up.

Treflan QR5:

Spring: Not recommended in Alberta.

Summer: Canola (including triazine tolerant), flax. Apply between June 1 and September 1.

FalP: Alfalfa, beans (dry only), canola (including triazine tolerant), fababeans, flax, lentils, mustard, peas,
soybeans, sunflowers. Apply between September 1 and soil freeze-up.

Bonanza 400:

Spring: Alsike clover, asparagus, bird’s-trefoil, blackbeans, broccoli, cabbage, canola (including triazine
tolerant), carrots, cicer milk vetch, crambe, fababeans, forage legumes, mustard, peas, red clover, rutabaga,
safflower, sainfoin. Saskatoon berries, soybeans, strawberries, sunflowers, sweet clover. Cultivate to destroy
existing weeds and apply as a pre-plant treatment.

Summer^: On summerfallow to be seeded to canola (including triazine tolerant), flax, safflower. Apply
between June 1 and September 1.

FalP: Black bean, dry beans (field and kidney), fababeans, flax, lentils, mustard, peas, soybeans, sunflower.
Apply between September 1 and soil freeze-up.

Shelterbelts: Apply prior to transplanting seedlings.

284

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

Rival EC/Rival DF:

Spring: Asparagus, beans, broccoli (transplant), brussel sprouts (transplant), cabbage, canola, carrots,
cauliflower, crambe, fababeans, forage rape, mustard, peas, peppers, safflower, sainfoin. Saskatoon berries,
soybeans, sunflowers, sweet clover, tomatoes, turnips (stubble). Cultivate to destroy existing weeds and
apply as a pre-plant.

Summer^: Canola, flax, safflower. Apply on summerfallow between June 1 and September 1.

FaU^: Beans (black only), canola, flax, lentils, mustard, peas (field), safflower, sunflowers. Apply between
September 1 and soil freeze-up.

Shelterbelts: Apply before transplanting.

TrefLan EC:

Spring: Alfalfa, beans, canola (including triazine tolerant), crambe, fababeans, mustard, peas, safflower,
sainfoin, shelterbelts, sunflowers and sweet clover. Cultivate to destroy existing weeds and apply
immediately prior to or up to 3 weeks before planting.

Summer^: Canola (including triazine tolerant), flax and safflower. On summerfallow, apply between June 1
and September 1.

Fall^: Beans, canola (including triazine tolerant), flax, lentils, mustard, peas, safflower, soybeans,
sunflowers. Apply between September 1 and soil freeze-up. Fall application is discouraged where soil drifting
is a problem.

^ Not recommended for fall or summer applications where soil erosion may be a problem.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate - for use in oilseed and specialty crops:

Soil texture, soil organic matter and soil zones

Light (sand to sandy loam)
2 - 6 % 6 - 15%

Medium to heavy (loam to clay)
2-6% 6 - 15%

Crop

Advance 10G

Season

Organic matter

Canola (including triazine
tolerant), flax

Summer

6.9 kg/ac

Alfalfa establishment,
canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans, fababeans,
flax, lentils, mustard, peas

Fail

4.5 kg/ac

5.7 kg/ac

5.7 - 6.9 kg/ac

Bonanza 10G ,

'V r ■ '

Canola (including triazine
tolerant), fababeans, flax

Summer

6.9 kg/ac

Alfalfa establishment,
canola (including triazine

Fail

4.5 kg/ac

5.7 kg/ac

5.7 - 6.9 kg/ac

tolerant), dry beans, fababeans,
flax, lentils, mustard, peas

285

Herbicides

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

fcontimjed}

Soil texture, soil organic matter and sod zones

Light (sand to sandy foam)

Medium to heavy (loam to clay)

2-6% 6-15%

2-6%

8-15%

Rival 10G

Season

Organic matter Organic matter

Organic matter

Canola (including triazine

Summer

6.9 kg/ac 6.9 kg/ac

6.9 kg/ac

tolerant), flax
Alfalfa establishment,

Fall

4.5 kg/ac 5.7 kg/ac

5.7 kg/ac

5.7 - 6.9 kg/ac

canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans, fababeans,
mustard, peas, sunflower

Flax, lentils

4.5 kg/ac 5.7 kg/ac

4.5 kg/ac

5.7 - 6.9 kg/ac

Alfalfa establishment.

Spring

m m

canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans, fababeans,
peas (southern Alberta only)

Canola (including triazine

Summer

NR 13.7 kg/ac

13.7 kg/ac

tolerant)

Alfalfa establishment.

Fall

8.9 kg/ac 11.3 kg/ac

11.3 kg^ac

11.3 -13.7 kg/ac

canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans, fababeans,
flax, lentils, mustard, peas

SonasiBa 400

Asparagus, black beans.

Spring

0.8 L/ac

1.11 L/ac

canola (including triazine
tolerant), canning peas, crambe,
dry beans (field & kidney),
fababeans, field peas,
safflower, sainfoin, soybeans,
strawberries, sunflower,
sweet clover

Shelterbelts

Spring

2.22 l/ac

4.44 L/ac

Black beans, canola (including

Fall

1.11 L/ac

1.41 l/ac

triazine tolerant), dry beans,
fababeans, flax, lentils,
mustard, peas, soybeans,
safflower, sunflower

Canola (including triazine Summer 1.71 L/ac 1,71 L/ac

tolerant), flax

286

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

Soil texture, soil organic matter and soil zones

light {sand to sandy loam)

Medium to heavy (loam to clay}

2-6%

6-15%

2-6%

6-15%

Organic matter

Litre/acre

Rival

...Crop

Season

Rival EC/DF

All the crops listed for

Spring

0.65

0.52

0.89

0.72

0.89

0.93

0.89-1.13

1.13

Rival EC/DF except
lentils and flax

Fall

0.89

0.72

1.13

0.93

1.13

0.93

1.13-1.3

0.93-1.1

Canola, flax

Summer

1.38

1.14

1.38

1.14

1,38

2.95

1.38

2.95

Shelterbelts

1.8

1.5

3.6

3.0

3.6

3.0

3.6

3.0

Strawberries

0.89

0.52

0.89

0.73

0.89

0.73

0.89

0.73

Asparagus

0.81

0.69

0.81

0.69

1.2

1.02

1.6

1.34

Flax, lentils

Fall

0.89

1.13

0.89

1.13-1.8

— II

Rates per acre tor specffm soil texture

Ught

Medium to heavy

Alfalfa establishment,
canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans,
fababeans, peas
Canola (including triazine
tolerant)

Alfalfa establishment,
canola (including triazine
tolerant), dry beans,
fababeans, flax, lentils,
mustard, peas

Spring

Summer

Fall

^if zone and
soil organic matter

Brown and dark brown
(southern Alberta only)
2 - 4% organic matter

Brown, dark brown,
black and deep black
2 - 6% organic matter
Brown, dark brown
and black

2 - 6% organic matter
Black and deep black
6 - 1 5% organic matter

Sand, sandy
loam

8.9 kg/ac

Loam, siffy clay toam, sih loam,
clay toam, silt silty clay,
sandy clay toam, clay

11 3- 13.8 kg/ac

1 1 .3 kg/ac

11.3 kg/ac 11.3 - 13.8 kg/ac

(contintued)

287

Herbicides

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

{continued}

Rates per acre Ibr specific soil texture

light

Medium to heavy

Loam, silty clay loam, silt loam.

Soil zone and

Sand, sandy

clay loam, silt silty clay.

Treftan EC

Season

soil organic matter

toam

sandy clay loam, clay

Alfalfa establishment,

Spring

Brown, dark brown

0.69 L/ac

0.93 L/ac

black beans, canola (including

and black

triazine tolerant), crambe.

2 - 6% organic matter

dry common beans (white &

Black and deep black

0.93 L/ac

0.93-1.21 l/ac

kidney), mustard, peas,
safflower, sainfoin, sunflower,
sweet clover

6 - 1 5% organic matter

Canola (including triazine

Summer

Brown, dark brown.

1.38 L/ac

tolerant), flax, safflower

black and deep black

Alfalfa establishment, t

Fail

Brown, dark brown

0.93 L/ac

black beans, canola (including

and black

triazine tolerant), crambe.

2 - 6% organic matter

dry common beans (white &

Black and deep black

1.21 L/ac

1.21 - 1.37 L/ac

kidney), mustard, peas, 6 - 1 5% organic matter

safflower, sainfoin, sunflower,

Advance lOG/Treflan QR5:

First incorporation should be in the same direction as application, within 24 hours of application. Second, at
right angles to the first, should be delayed a minimum of 3 days. This delay allows for greater release and
more uniform distribution of trifluralin in the soil.

Implements: A tandem disc, discer or field cultivator (vibrashank) set to cut 5 - 8 cm. Disc implements
should be operated at 6 - 10 km/h and cultivator at 10 - 13 km/h. Both incorporations should be completed
in the fall.

Summer application: The second (and subsequent incorporations) can be done as necessary to destroy
resistant weed growth.

Flax, lentils: Both incorporations must be done in the fall. Fall or summer application should be followed
by spring tillage to a 5 - 8 cm depth before seeding.

Bonanza lOG:

First incorporation should be in the same direction as application, within 24 hours of application. Second, at
right angles to the first, should be delayed a minimum of 5 days. This delay allows for greater release and
more uniform distribution of trifluralin in the soil. Both incorporations should be to a depth of 8 - 10 cm.
Implements: Incorporate with disc implements only. Deep tillage cultivators are not recommended. A
tandem disc is recommended for the first incorporation. Disc implements should operate at 6 - 10 km/h and
cultivator at 10 - 13 km/h.

Summer application: The second (and subsequent incorporations) can be done as necessary to destroy
resistant weed growth.

Flax, lentils: Both incorporations must be done in the fall. Fall or summer application should be followed
by spring tillage to a 5 - 8 cm depth before seeding.

288

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

Rival lOG:

Incorporate 8-10 cm. The first incorporation within 24 hours and the second delayed for at least 5 days for
more effective weed control. A shallow tillage in the spring, prior to seeding, is required.

Wheat: Summerfallow application: Incorporate to 8 cm. The first incorporation within 24 hours and
the second delayed 5 days or until new weed regrowth requires a cultivation or discing. Additional shallow
(8 cm) tillage operations may be required to control resistant weed growth.

Flax, lentils: Both incorporations should be done prior to soil freeze-up in the fall. A tandem disc, discer or
field (vibrashank) cultivator are recommended for incorporating to 8 - 10 cm. For best mixing action,
operate disc implements at 6 - 10 km/h; cultivators at 10 - 13 km/h. Deep tillage cultivators are not
recommended.

Bonanza 400:

First incorporation at a right angle, within 8 hours of application. Fall application should follow with I
2 incorporations at right angles before freeze up. A tandem disc, discer or field (vibrashank) cultivator is
recommended for incorporating to 7.5 - 10 cm. For best results, operate disc implements at 6.5 - 10 km/h;
cultivator at 10 - 13 km/h.

Rival EC/DF:

Incorporate 2 - 4 cm with 2 cross harrowings with tyne or diamond harrows operated at a minimum of
9 km/h. Both incorporations should be done within 24 hours of application.

Treflan EC:

First incorporation must be done within 24 hours of application. Second incorporation should be done at
right angles to the first.

Fall application: It is recommended that both incorporations be completed in the fall.

Spring application: Apply when soil is in good working condition. Ensure early season flush of weeds is
killed by first or second incorporation. Seed into a weed-free seedbed using an accepted cultural practice.
Summer application: The second incorporation (and subsequent incorporations) may be done whenever
necessary to destroy resistant weed growth.

Spring tillage: After fall or summer application should be shallow with a disc or field cultivator
(vibrashank) set to cut 5 - 8 cm deep. This should be done when soil is warm enough to promote
germination. In areas with high wild oat populations, pre-work early in the spring with a shallow cultivation
to promote weed seed germination, followed by a 5 - 8 cm deep cultivation prior to seeding to destroy
existing green growth. Avoid transplanting weed seedlings, and seed into a weed-free seedbed.

Flax, lentils: Both incorporations of must be done in the fall. Fall or summer application should be
followed by spring tillage to a 5 - 8 cm depth before seeding.

Implements: A tandem disc, discer or field (vibrashank) cultivator are recommended for incorporating to
8 - 10 cm. Operate discs at 6 - 10 km/h and cultivator at 10 - 13 km/h. A tandem disc gives the best mixing
action on stubble conditions. Do not use a field cultivator to incorporate when soil is crusted, lumpy or too
wet for good mixing.

8. Application Tips: Do not apply on soils that are wet, in poor tilth or that contain 15% or more organic
matter. Do not apply to fields spread with manure during the past 12 months. Ensure that after this period,
manure has been thoroughly disintegrated and mixed into the soil. Ensure that large clods are broken down
prior to application. Do not apply on soils that are subjected to prolonged periods of flooding. Do not apply
on soils with less than 2% organic matter. Application on eroded knolls may result in reduced crop stand or
rotational crop injury. Granular formulations can be used where trash is heavier or on standing weeds
provided that they do not interfere with distribution of the granule on the soil and do not limit incorporation
by plugging the incorporation equipment. To avoid concentrating wild oat seeds below the treated layer, do
not plow land prior to application of trifluralin. Injury to flax , lentils and wheat may occur if soil and
weather conditions are not conductive to rapid crop emergence. To minimize the crop injury, seed into
warm, moist seed bed.

289

Herbicides

saninmiau

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Oilseed, Special Crops (cont'd)

Wheat: Apply only on trash free or summerfallow fields. Wheat must be seeded 5 - 8 cm deep in well tilled
seedbed to prevent contact between the chemical and the seed.

Flax, lentils: Shallowly till and pack the soil in spring to ensure a firm seedbed and accurate depth of
seeding. Seed into a well-packed, warm moist seedbed. Do not seed deeper than 4 cm.

9. How it Works; Kills weed seedlings as they germinate. Inhibits cell division in the actively growing points of
root and shoot.

10. Expected Results: Weeds: Most weeds die before emerging. Weeds will exhibit swelling in the coleoptile
region, stubby, thick primary root development and lack of secondary roots, which leads to death due to
inadequate moisture obtaining ability.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: No effect once trifluralin is incorporated into the soil.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Normally, trifluralin carryover will not harm crops grown in rotation. As a
precaution, oats, sugar beets, creeping red fescue and small-seeded grasses such as timothy and canary seed
should not follow trifluralin treated crop. Drought conditions in the year of treatment may result in higher
levels of trifluralin carryover into the next year. To avoid wheat injury, seed less than 7 cm deep into a warm,
moist seedbed using recommended agronomic practices that will promote rapid, even germination of the
crop. Avoid direct seeding (zero till) and seeding into loose seedbeds. Refer to industry or government
extension documents that outline the best seeding practice for each crop. As a precaution, do not seed wheat
as a rotational crop on land that has received ethalfluralin or trifluralin at oilseed/special crop rate for two
consecutive years. Over-application caused by overlapping, improper calibration or non-uniform application
may reduce the stand of treated crops or crops grown in rotation.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 10,000 mg/kg. In clean
water, fish are very sensitive to trifluralin, but in runoff or muddy water, trifluralin binds to soil particles and
large amounts can be tolerated by fish. Non-toxic to bees.

/ waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further

information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Granular formulation must be stored in a cool dry location out of sunshine. Do not store Rival EC
below 5°C. Do not freeze Treflan EC and Bonanza 400.

17. Resistance Management: Advance/Bonanza/Rival/Treflan, is a Group 3 herbicide. Any weed population
may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Advance/Bonanza/Rival/Treflan and other Group 3
herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly
in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual
chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies
should be followed (see page 38-42).

290

Tr ef I a n/Ad va n ce/R i va 1/
Bonanza (trifluralin)

Cereals

Group 3

Manufacturers: OowAgroSctenGes/Nufarm Canada^nited Agri Produc

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate: Bonanza 400: 400 g/L; 10 L; 115 L; 205 L.

Rival EC: 500 g/L; 9 L; 110 L; 200 L; 900 L containers. Treflan EC: 480 g/L; 9.45 L; 115 L containers.
Dry Flowable: Rival DF: 60%; 7.5 kg bag. Granular: Advance lOG: 10%; 22.7 kg bag; 454 kg bulk bag.
Bonanza lOG: 10%; 22.7 kg; 500 kg bag. Rival lOG: 10%; 22.7 kg bag; 567 kg mini bag.

Treflan QR5: 5%; 25 kg; 725 kg bags.

2. Registered Mixes: Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5: None.

Bonanza 400/Rival EC/Rival DF/Treflan EC: Wheat and barley: Avadex BW; dry bulk fertilizer;
Avadex BW + liquid fertilizer (28-0-0). Liquid nitrogen fertilizer.

Mixing restrictions: Add Bonanza/Rival EC/Rival DF/TreflanEC or Bonanza/Rival EC/Rival DF/

Treflan EC + Avadex directly into the liquid fertilizer, mix thoroughly and apply immediately after mixing.
Agitate until application is complete.

3. Crops:

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5: Barley, wheat (special use).

Bonanza 400/Rival EC/Rival DF/Treflan EC: Barley (8.9), durum wheat (8.6), spring wheat (8.6).
Underseeding: Not recommended.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Bonanza/Rival EC/Rival DF/Treflan EC: Green foxtail.

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5: Barley, wheat (fall): Green foxtail,
yellow foxtail. Wheat (summerfallow crop year): Green foxtail, yellow foxtail, lamb’s-quarters.

5. Weeds Suppressed: wild oats and wild buckwheat.

6. When Used:

Bonanza 400/Rival EC/Rival DF/Treflan EC: Alone or with Avadex BW in the spring only after
seeding and prior to crop emergence.

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival 10G/TreflanQR5: Barley, spring wheat, durum wheat: Fall only,
September 1 and soil freeze-up. Wheat summerfallow: May 1 - July 31.

Warning: Do not apply Advance/Bonanza/Rival/Treflan on land treated with trifluralin products since the
previous year.

291

Herbicides

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Cereals (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Liquid or dry flowabie formulations
Product

Bonanza 400
Rival EC
Rival DF
Treflan EC

Wheat (suminaifailow} oii^ .

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival 10G
Treflan QR5 (fall application only)

Light and medium soil texture

570 mL/ac
490 - 570 miyac
400 - 485 g/ac
490 ml/ac

All soils (2 -8% organic

2.23 kg/ac
4.45 kg/ac

Heavy soil texture

850 mL/ac
650 mL/ac
525 g/ac
690 mL/ac

For use in barley:

Soil type

Light

Medium to heavy

Brown and

Black and

dark brown

Black

dark brown

Black

deep black

Product/season

2^4% O.M.

4-6%0.M.

2-4%0.Wl.

4^6%O.M,

6 - 10% O.M.

Advance 10G (fall applied)

3.4 kg/ac

4.4 kg/ac

5.7 kg/ac

Bonanza lOG (fall applied)

3.4 kg/ac

4.5 kg/ac

4.5/kg/ac

5.7 kg/ac

Rival 1 0G (fall applied)

3.4 kg/ac

4.5 kg/ac

4.5Ag/ac

5.7 kg/ac

Treflan QR5

6.7 kg/ac

8.9 kg/ac

1 1 .7 kg/ac

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Mixing instructions:

Rival DF: Fill sprayer 1/3 full of clean water, then add the recommended amount of Rival 60 DF. Continue
the filling operation until required volumes are achieved. Vigorous agitation is required before and during
application of Rival 60 DF.

Note: Spray out immediately. Spray mixture should not be left in the tank without agitation.

Incorporation:

Bonanza 400/Rival EC/DF/Treflan EC: Incorporate 2 - 4 cm with 2 cross harro wings with tyne or
diamond harrows operated at a minimum of 9 km/h. Both incorporations should be done within 24 hours of
application.

Advance lOG/Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG/Treflan QR5: Fall application, incorporate to 8 - 10 cm. The
first incorporation within 24 hours and the second delayed for at least 3 - 5 days for more effective weed
control. A shallow tillage in the spring, prior to seeding, is required. Wheat: Summerfallow application,
incorporate to 8 cm. The first incorporation within 24 hours and the second delayed 5 days or until new
weed regrowth requires a cultivation or discing. Additional shallow (8 cm) tillage operations may be
required to control resistant weed growth.

292

Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza - Cereals (cont'd)

8. Application Tips:

Bonanza 400/Rival EC/DF/Treflan EC: Apply only on trash free or summerfallow fields. Crops must be
seeded 5 - 8 cm deep in a well tilled seedbed to prevent contact between the chemical and the seed.
Caution: Crop injury, delayed maturity or reduced yields, may occur if emerging crops are weakened from
factors such as improper seeding depth, excessive moisture, cold temperature, seedling disease, poor soil
fertility, drought or saline soils.

Advance lOG: Do not apply on soils that are wet, in poor tilth, or contain 15% or more organic matter.
Bonanza lOG/Rival lOG: Do not apply to soils with less than 2% organic matter or more than 10%
organic matter. Seeding should be done into a warm, moist seedbed. Avoid seeding in cold soil. In wheat,
drought conditions in the fallow year may result in higher than normal carryover of Rival lOG; increase
seeding rate of wheat.

Treflan QR5 (special use): Do not apply on soils with less than 2% organic matter or on deep black soils
with more than 6% organic matter.

9. How it Works: Kills weed seedlings as they germinate. Inhibits cell division in the actively growing points of
root and shoot.

10 Expected Results:

Green foxtail: Seeds that germinate below the treated layer will produce plants that will emerge. The
secondary root system of plants that form within the treated layer is completely inhibited by trifluralin
present in that area. The affected plant dies slowly as crop competition and temperature stress over-tax the
rootless plant’s ability to take up moisture.

Crop: Crop safety is maintained when seeded to a depth of 5 - 8 cm.

11. Effects of Rainfall: No effect once incorporated into the soil.

12. Movement in Soil: None.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

Succeeding crops: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

14. Toxicity: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

15. Precautions, First Aid: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

16. Storage: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

17. Resistance Management: See Treflan/Advance/Rival/Bonanza (Oilseed, Special Crops).

Triumph Plus (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + MCPA +
thifensulfuron methyl)

Group 1,4,2

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations:

1. Triumph FM: Emulsifiable concentrate; 56 g/L; fenoxaprop-p-ethyl -I- 256 g/L MCPA Ester,
13.3 L container.

2. Plus; Dry flowable; thifensulfuron; 75%, 162 g container.

2. Registered Mixes: Lontrel: 85 mL/ac for season-long control of Canada thistle.

293

Herbicide^

Herbicides

Triumph Plus (cont'd)

Crops: All spring wheats (except durum). Seedling grasses for forage and seed: creeping red fescue, meadow
bromegrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Northern wheat grass, slender wheat grass, smooth bromegrass, tall
fescue, tall wheat grass. Western wheatgrass.

Weeds Controlled:

annual sunflower
burdock
chickweed
cocklebur
corn spurry
cow cockle
field horsetail**
flixweed*
green foxtail

green smartweed
kochia
hemp-nettle
hoary cress**
lady's-thumb
lamb's-quarters
mustards (except dog,
green tansy)

plantain**
prickly lettuce
ragweeds
redroot pigweed
Russian pigweed
Russian thistle*
shepherd's-purse

stinkweed

vetch

volunteer rapeseed
wild buckwheat
wild oats
wild radish
yellow foxtail

* Spring seedings only.

** Top growth control only.

5. Weeds Suppressed: Canada thistle.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Spring wheat (except durum): Apply when crop has a minimum of 2 leaves and up to a
maximum of 6 leaves on the main stem plus 3 tillers. Seedling grasses: 2 - 4 leaf stage.

Weed stage: Annual grassy weeds: Wild oats and foxtail (green and yellow): apply when the weeds
are in the 1 - 6 leaf stage of growth. Plants will be controlled up to the emergence of the 3rd tiller.
Broadleaf weeds: Annual sunflower, ball mustard, burdock, cocklebur, field horsetail, flixweed, hoary
cress, kochia, mustards, plantain, prickly lettuce, ragweeds, Russian pigweed, shepherd’s-purse, vetch and
wild radish: apply at 2 - 4 leaf stage. Corn spurry, cow cockle, green smartweed, hemp-nettle, lady’s-thumb,
lamb’s-quarters, redroot pigweed, Russian thistle, stinkweed, volunteer rapeseed and wild mustard: apply
when weeds are less than 10 cm tall or across. Chickweed: apply at 1 - 6 leaf stage. Wild buckwheat: apply
at 1 - 3 leaf stage. Apply to emerged, young, actively growing weeds. Weeds that emerge after application
will not be controlled. Canada thistle: apply when less than 10 cm tall or across.

Note: Treatment at the 3 - 4 leaf stage of crops and weeds usually combines maximum crop tolerance and
weed susceptibility. Some broadleaf weeds may not be controlled if infestation is heavy, if weeds are in bud
or if weather is dry and cool.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. Do not apply by aircraft.

Rate:

Triumph FM: 0.67 L/ac.

Plus: 8.1 g/ac.

Water volume: 22.5 - 45 L/ac.
Pressure: Ground: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Only 110° or 80° stainless steel flat fan nozzles are recommended. Uniform, thorough coverage is
important to achieve good control.

Mixing instructions:

1 . Ensure the spray tank is thoroughly clean.

2. Fill the tank half full with clean water and start agitation or bypass system.

3. Slowly add the correct amount of Plus (container #1) to the spray tank. Agitate thoroughly until Plus is
completely in suspension.

4. Add the correct amount of Triumph FM (container #2) and continue agitation.

5. Triple rinse containers into the spray tank.

294

Triumph Plus (cont'd)

6. Add the remaining amount of water while agitation continues. Spray out immediately. Spray mixture
should not be left in tank overnight.

7. On repeat loads, prepare a Plus (container #1) slurry in water by slowly adding the correct amount of
Plus to 20 litres of water, and add to spray tank. Agitate thoroughly until Plus is completely in suspension.
Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6.

Sprayer cleanup:

When moving into wheat, barley, rye or flax: When moving into wheat, barley, spring or fall rye, or
flax immediately following the application of Triumph Plus tank mix, clean the sprayer by flushing
thoroughly with a water/detergent mixture.

Note: Broadleaf crops can be damaged by Triumph Plus tank mix residues in the spray tank even after a
number of applications of a different product. It is critical to thoroughly clean and remove all traces of
Triumph Plus tank mix from the spray tank prior to moving into a broadleaf crop.

When moving into broadleaf crops: In all cases, prior to spraying a broadleaf crop (such as canola,
peas, lentils, alfalfa, sugar beets, vegetables, etc.), complete a thorough cleaning of the tank because the Plus
component of the Triumph Plus tank mix can cause crop injury to sensitive crops at very low concentrations.
Follow the cleanup instructions below to ensure adequate sprayer cleaning and removal of the Triumph Plus
tank mix.

Cleanup instructions prior to spraying broadleaf crops:

1. Drain and flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually inspect
tank to ensure removal of all residues. If necessary, repeat step.

2. Fill tank with clean water while adding 1 litre household ammonia (containing a minimum 3% ammonia)
per 100 L of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water to completely fill
tank. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again, flush the hoses, boom and nozzles with cleaning
solution and drain tank.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

8. Application Tips: Do not treat spring wheat underseeded to forages. During periods of stress, plants are not
actively growing. When daytime temperatures before or after application are very hot (28°C or 82°F) and/or
conditions are very dry and/or there is low humidity, plants are under stress. Application of Triumph Plus
tank mix during these periods may result in substantially reduced control. Application of the spray at a
forward angle of 45° will result in better penetration of the canopy and better coverage. Do not apply to crop
stressed by severe weather conditions, frost, low fertility, drought, water saturated soil, disease or insect
damage as crop injury may result.

9. How it Works:

Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl: Contact as well as systemic, no soil activity. Regions of high meristematic activity,
such as root and shoot tips are known to be affected. MCPA: disrupts cell division and causes abnormal
growth responses that affect respiration and food reserves. Thifensulfuron: absorbed by foliage. Inhibits cell
elongation.

10. Expected Results: Grassy weeds: reduction of leaf growth and chlorotic blotching within 1 - 3 days after
application. Initial development of leaf chlorosis within 5 - 8 days after application and complete death
within 14-21 days after application. Broadleaf weeds: growth stops almost immediately. Discolouration
of dying weeds may not be noticeable for 1 - 3 weeks after application depending on growing conditions and
weed susceptibility. Poor results may be expected if improper mixing, timing, coverage or when weeds
are under drought stress.

295

Herbicides

Triumph Plus (cont'd)

11. Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply Triumph Plus if rain is expected within 2 hours.

12. Movement in Soil: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl appears to undergo rapid hydrolysis in the soil. MCPA is readily
leached from the soil. Thifensulfuron moves little in the soil and has a very short life in the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze treated fields prior to harvest. Pre-harvest interval: 80 days.

14. Toxicity: Triumph FM (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl -I- MCPA Ester): acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,940 mg/kg;
Thifensulfuron: low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Keep away from fire or open flame or other sources of heat. Cannot be stored below freezing. If
stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using. Store the tightly closed containers away from seeds,
fertilizer, plants and foodstuffs. Do not use or store in or around the home.

17. Resistance Management: Triumph Plus is considered to be a Group 1, Group 2 and Group 4 herbicide. Any
weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Triumph Plus and other Group 1, 2 and
4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used
repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management
strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

TfOphy (fluroxypyr + MCPA Ester)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Nufarm Canada

1. Formulations: Starane: fluroxypyr 180 g/L EC; 4.8 L jug. MCPA Ester 500 g/L EC; 9 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: Achieve Liquid (200 mL/ac) -I- Turbocharge (spring wheat and barley);

Assert (540 mL/ac for wild oats 1 - 3 leaf stage, 670 mL/ac for wild oats at 4 leaf stage) (spring wheat and
barley); Horizon (115 mL/ac) -E Score adjuvant (spring wheat); Puma^^° Super (312 mL/ac) (spring wheat

and barley).

3. Crops: Barley spring wheat (except durum).

4. Weeds Controlled:

annual sunflower

flixweed

mustard

stinkweed

cleavers (1-4 whorl)

hempnettle (2 - 6 leaf)

(except dog, green tansy)

vetch

cocklebur

kochia

prickly lettuce

volunteer canola

common burdock

lamb's-quarters

redroot pigweed (1-4 leaf)

volunteer flax (1-12 cm)

common ragweed

shepherd's-purse

wild radish

5. Weeds Suppressed: Green smartweed, stork’s-bill (1 - 8 leaf), wild buckwheat (1 - 4 leaf).

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, spring wheat: 3 leaf to early flag.

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf stage.

296

Trophy (cont'd)

7. How to Apply:

With: ground equipment only. With sprayer that can apply 45 L/ac spray solution because lower water
volume may cause mixing problems and/or unacceptable crop injury may occur.

Rate:

Starane: 240 mL/ac.

MCPA Ester: 450 mL/ac.

Water volume: 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 135-270 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. Use 50 mesh or larger screens.

Mixing instructions: Only use in sprayers with good agitation. Ensure sprayer is properly cleaned prior to
applying Trophy.

1. Fill the sprayer with 1/2 the required amount of water, start agitation and continue agitation throughout
the mixing and spraying procedure.

2. Add required number of jugs of Starane, then MCPA Ester

3. Complete filling the sprayer tank.

8. Application Tips: Trophy activity is influenced by weather conditions. Optimum activity requires active
weed growth. Temperature range for optimum activity is 12°C to 24°C. Reduced activity will occur when
temperatures are below 8°C or above 27°C. Frost before application (3 days) or shortly after (3 days) may
reduce weed control and crop tolerance. Weed control may be reduced during stress conditions, e.g. heat,
drought or cold, or if weeds have initiated flowering or if heavy infestations exist. Wet foliage at time of
application may result in reduced weed control. Optimum timing of application is 2 - 4 leaf stage of weeds.
Application on cleavers can be made up to 6 whorl (20 cm height) stage. Do not apply to wheat and barley
underseeded to legumes. Make only one application per year. Application prior to 3 leaf stage of wheat and
barley may cause severe twisting of leaves and leaf stem and head deformities, which may reduce yield. Do
not apply later than flag leaf stage of crop.

9. How it Works: Trophy herbicide tank mix is non-residual. The components of Trophy tank mix move within
the plant to control exposed and underground plant tissue. It mimics naturally occurring plant hormones
and controls weeds by disrupting normal plant growth patterns. Symptoms include twisting of stems and
swollen nodes.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: Weeds start to twist shortly after spra)dng. After twisting and bending, plants stop
growing, turn brown and die.

11. Effect of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected in 1 hour.

12. Movement in Soil: MCPA and fluroxypyr bind lightly to soil organic matter but do not bind readily to sand,
silt or clay. Due to their relatively short half life, they rarely move deeper than 15 cm into the soil.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Succeeding crops: Fields previously treated with Trophy herbicide tank mix can be seeded the following
year to wheat, barley, oats, rye forage grasses, flax, lentils, peas, canola and mustard, or fields can be
summerfallowed. Do not seed crops other than those listed above for at least one year following treatment.

Drift: Broadleaf crops are sensitive to spray drift. Minimize drift by using nozzles that put out sufficient
spray volume and large droplets.

Grazing restrictions: Allow 7 days between application and grazing.

Other restrictions: Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application.

14. Toxicity: MCPA has moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = technical 700 - 880 mg/kg.
Fluroxypyr has very low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LDg^ = > 2,000 mg/kg.

297

Herbicides

Trophy (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a dry heated area. If product is frozen, bring to room temperature and agitate before use.

1 7. Resistance Management: Natural populations of certain weeds have developed resistance to some
herbicides. To delay the selection of resistant weed populations, rotate the use of herbicides with different
modes of action. Trophy herbicide tank mix can be used in a weed resistance management program to delay
selection for kochia, chickweed or other susceptible weeds resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the
ALS/AHAS enzyme.

Tropotox Plus/Clovitox Plus/
Topside (mcpb + mcpa)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Nufarm Canadat/tnterprovincial Co-operatives Ltd.Alnited Agrt Products

1. Formulations: Water soluble solution; 375 g/L MCPB + 25 g/L MCPA; 10 L container.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

alfalfa (seedling,
grown for seed)
alsike clover
(seedlings) (7.2)
barley (8.8)

clover seedlings
fall rye
field corn
Ladino clover
(seedlings)

oats
pasture
peas (7.2)
red clover
(seedlings)

spring wheat (8.9)
white Dutch clover
(seedlings)
wild white clover
(seedlings)

Underseeding: Clover can be used on barley, oats, wheat companion crops.

Seedling grasses

altai fescue
altai wild ryegrass
creeping red fescue
crested wheatgrass
green needlegrass

4. Weeds Controlled:

ball mustard (7.9)
bull thistle
curled dock

5. Weeds Suppressed:

annual sow-thistle (5.4)
Canada thistle
creeping buttercup

intermediate wheatgrass
meadow bromegrass
meadow fescue
northern wheatgrass
pubescent wheatgrass

lamb's-quarters (8.1)

plantains

ragweed

field bindweed (3.2)

hemp-nettle (5.9)

red canary grass
Russian wild ryegrass
slender wheatgrass
smooth bromegrass
streambank wheatgrass

redroot pigweed (7.4)
shepherd's-purse (5.0)
stinkweed (7.5)

horsetail

perennial sow-thistle

tall fescue
tall wheatgrass
timothy

western wheatgrass

wild mustard (7.9)
wormseed mustard (7.9)
volunteer rapeseed

tall buttercup
wild radish

298

Tropotox Plus/Clovitox Plus/Topside (cont'd)

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Barley, fall rye, oats, spring wheat: 2 leaf to flag leaf stage. Clover: 1 - 4 true leaf stage.

Corn: After 45 cm high but before tasseling begins, with drop nozzles. Peas: 3 - 6 expanded leaves or
2 - 5 nodes. (Important: damage may be caused, particularly in early maturing varieties, if spraying is
carried out after this stage). Seedling alfalfa: 3 - 6 trifoliate. Seedling grasses: 2 - 4 leaf stage.

Pasture: After grazing or cutting.

Weed stage: Annual weeds: Seedling stage. Bull thistle: Rosette to early bud stage.

Bindweed, buttercups: in spring, when growth is vigorous. Canada thistle: 15 cm to early bud stage. Curled
dock, perennial sow-thistle, plantains: young plants in rosette stage. Horsetail: when 15 cm tall.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate: 1.1 - 1.7 L/ac depending on weeds to be controlled.

Seedling grasses: 1.1 - 1.4 L/ac.

Water volume: 60 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

8. Application Tips: Spray in warm weather when plants are actively growing. Peas: Spray when growing
conditions are good and the peas are not under stress from drought or disease. Seedling alfalfa: Alfalfa
vigour may be reduced in the year of treatment; however, the crop recovers and yield will not be affected.

9. How it Works: A systemic, absorbed by leaves and stems and translocated to actively growing regions. It
disrupts cell division, stops cell growth and interferes with respiration and food reserves. Selectivity based on
ability of plant to efficiently convert MCPB to MCPA.

10. Expected Results:

Broadleaf weeds: Should be dead within 2 - 3 weeks of treatment. Poor results and/or crop injury

may be expected if water volume is incorrect or weeds are too mature.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall before the foliage has dried from the spraying may decrease activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Readily leached from soil. Longer residual in dry soil.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for forage until 30 days after treatment. Do not
graze the seedling grasses or cut for hay in the year of establishment.

14. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 500 mg/kg. Non-toxic to bees. Intake can
cause convulsions and coma. Can cause burns to the skin and eyes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in heated area.

1 7. Resistance Management: Tropotox Plus/Clovitox Plus/Topside is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed
population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Tropotox Plus/Clovitox Plus/Topside and
other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are
used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but
specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-
management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

299

Herbicides

Unity (bromoxynil + triasulfuron)

Group 6,2

Manufacturer; Bayer CropScience

WARNING POISON

1 . Formulations: Unity 280EC; Emulsifiable concentrate; 280 g/L bromoxynil, 2 x 4 L jug; Unity 75WG: water
dispersible granule; 75% triasulfuron 4 x 43 g.

2. Registered Mixes; MCPA Ester (wheat and barley), 2,4-D Ester (wheat and barley), Lontrel (wheat and
barley). Puma (durum and spring wheat), Puma^^° Super (spring wheat).

Surfactants: Always use a surfactant with this tank mix application. Use a recommended non-ionic
surfactant such as Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Citowett Plus, Super Spreader-Sticker, or Companion when applying
Unity post-emergent at 0.25% v/v (2.5 L per 1,000 L spray mixture).

3. Crops: Barley, durum wheat, spring wheat.

4. Weeds Controlled;

chickweed green smartweed

cleavers hemp-nettle

cow cockle kochia

flixweed lady's-thumb

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used:

lamb's-quarters
redroot pigweed
shepherd's-purse
stinkweed

Crop stage: Barley, wheat: 2 leaf stage just prior to flag leaf.

Weed stage: 2 - 4 leaf stage (2 pairs of true leaves).

7. How to Apply:

volunteer canola
wild buckwheat
wild mustard

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Unity 75WG at 4.3 g/ac plus Unity 280EC at 200 mL/ac.
Surfactant: 0.25% v/v (2.5 L per 1,000 L of spray mixture).

Water volume: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan with 50 mesh screens or larger.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill the spray tank one-quarter full with water. Engage gentle jet agitation. On sprayers with by-pass
agitation, the agitation should not be engaged until the water soluble bags are completely dissolved.
Otherwise, undissolved bags can become lodged on the main screen.

2. Ensure the agitation system is working properly and that it creates a rippling or rolling action on the
water surface.

3. Add the appropriate number of Unity 75WG water soluble bags directly into the spray tank. Do not
touch water soluble bags with wet gloves. Allow 6 minutes for complete mixing. Add the required amount
of Unity 280EC to the spray tank. Allow a further 2 minutes for complete mixing. Longer mixing time may
be required due to cold water or if the water soluble bags are brittle.

4. Continue agitation while completing the filling of sprayer; then add the recommended surfactant 2.5 L for
each 1,000 L of water. Ensure Unity 75WG is completely in suspension before spraying.

5. Continuous agitation is required to keep Unity 75WG in suspension. Do not allow the spray mixture to
stand without agitation.

6. Use the spray suspension as soon as it is prepared.

300

Unity (cont'd)

Sprayer cleanup: To avoid subsequent injury to crops other than cereals, thoroughly clean application

equipment immediately after spraying. Ensure that all traces of the product are removed. The following

recommendations are provided.

1. Drain and flush the tank, boom and all hoses for several minutes with clean water containing a household
detergent. Do not clean the sprayer near desirable vegetation, wells or other water sources.

2. Fill the sprayer tank with clean water and add 1 litre of household ammonia (containing 3% ammonia)
per 100 L of water. Allow the solution to agitate for 15 minutes prior to flushing through the boom and
nozzles and then drain the system.

Caution: Do not use ammonia with chlorine bleach.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens, and wash separately in a bucket containing the ammonia solution.

4. Thoroughly rinse the tank, hoses, booms, nozzles and screens with clean water for 5 minutes to remove
all traces of ammonia.

5. Dispose of all rinsings in accordance with provincial regulations.

8. Application Tips: Adequate control may not be achieved under unfavorable conditions such as drought,
flooding, prolonged temperature extremes or insufficient fertility.

9. How it Works: Absorbed through the leaves of emerged weeds and is rapidly translocated to the weed’s
growing points.

10. Expected Results: Weeds: Visual symptoms (discolouration) take 1 - 3 weeks to appear, depending on the
weed species and growing conditions. Death of weeds usually takes 3 - 4 weeks after application.

1 1 . Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply if rain is expected within 2 hours of spraying.

12. Movement in Soil: Degradation of Unity 75WG in the soil is affected by rainfall, soil temperature and
soil pH. The breakdown process is more rapid with soil conditions of high moisture, high temperature and
low pH.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Grazing restrictions: Do not use treated cereals for grazing of livestock or green feed until 30 days after
application. To avoid injury to subsequent crops after an application of recommended rates of Unity, the
following recropping intervals should be observed.

Recropping Guidelines for Post<emergent Use

Crop

Barley, durum wheat, oats
Canary seed

Lentils, sunflowers, all other crops

Mustard

Peas

Spring wheat (hard red, Canada Prairie extra strong)

Minimal interval (months)

Soil pH

6.4 or less

6.5 - 7.4

greater than 7.5

Bioassay

No, Restrictions

No Restrictions

1 4. Toxicity: Unity is a package mixture of bromoxynil and triasulfuron. Bromoxynil has moderate acute
mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 440 mg/kg. Triasulfuron has low acute mamalian toxicity.
Acute oral LD3Q (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

301

Herbicides

Unity (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If inhaled, remove individual from site of
exposure. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage:

Unity 280EC will solidify at temperatures below -20°C but will become useable again at temperatures
above 0°C. Shake well before using.

Unity 75WG; Store above freezing. Prolonged storage at temperatures below 0°C may cause the soluble
bag to become brittle.

17. Resistance Management: Unity is both a Group 2 and a Group 6 herbicide. Any weed population may
contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Unity and other Group 2 and 6 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

UpBeet (triflusulfuron methyl)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Dry flowable 50%, 117 g container.

2. Registered Mixes: Betamix.

Surfactants: Agral 90, Ag-Surf, Citowett Plus, Sure-Mix.

Mixing instructions:

1. Fill the tank 1/4 to 1/3 full with fresh water.

2. Add the recommended amount of UpBeet to the spray tank with the agitator running. Continue agitation
for at least five minutes, until UpBeet is fully dispersed. UpBeet should be thoroughly mixed with water
before adding any other material.

3. As the tank is being filled, add tank mix partners. Add adjuvants last, if needed.

4. Triple rinse all empty containers at this time and add rinsate to spray tank.

5. If the mixture is not continually agitated, settling will occur. If settling occurs, thoroughly re-agitate
before using.

6. For repeat tank loads, ensure that the amount of spray solution left in the tank from the previous load is
less than 10% of the volume about to be mixed. Fill tank with fresh water as described in step 2 and
continue as directed. Emulsifiable concentrates may make dispersion of UpBeet more difficult. For that
reason, tank heels of the previous tank mix should be kept to 10% or less of the spray tank volume.

Note: Continuous agitation is required to keep UpBeet in suspension. To avoid product degradation, apply

UpBeet spray mixture within 24 hours of preparation. When using tank mix partners, follow the most

restrictive label.

3. Crops: Sugar beet.

4. Weeds Controlled:

UpBeet -I- adjuvant: velvetleaf.

UpBeet -I- Betamix: lamb’s-quarters, kochia (rosette stage), redroot pigweed, velvetleaf.

302

UpBeet (cont'd)

5. Weeds Suppressed: UpBeet + Betamix: green foxtail.

6. When Used:

Crop stage: Sugar beets: apply any time after planting and after weeds have emerged.

Weed stage: Apply when kochia is less than 2.5 cm in diameter and when tank mix with Betamix is
preceded by a pre-plant or pre-emergence treatment. If velvetleaf is the predominant weed, 2 applications of
UpBeet + adjuvant is preferable to a tank mix of UpBeet and Betamix because of the possibility of
antagonism.

7. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air. Do not apply through any type of irrigation equipment.

Rate:

UpBeet: 14 - 28 g/ac plus surfactant 2.5 liters per 1,000 liters of spray solution.

UpBeet + Betamix: 14 - 28 g/ac UpBeet plus 700 - 1,400 mL/ac Betamix (do not use an adjuvant when
tank mixing Betamix with UpBeet).

Make two sequential applications. The total grams of product applied must not exceed 40 g/ac per growing
season.

Water volume: Minimum of 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Use flat fan nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: It is important that spray equipment is cleaned and free of existing pesticide deposits
before using UpBeet herbicide. To avoid subsequent injury to desirable crops, thoroughly remove all traces of
UpBeet Herbicide from all mixing and spray equipment immediately after spra5dng and prior to spraying
other crops. Use the following procedure:

1. Drain tank; then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of ten minutes. Visually
inspect tank to ensure removal of all visible residues of UpBeet Herbicide. If necessary, repeat Step 1.

Do not clean sprayer near well or water source or near desirable vegetation.

2. Fill the tank with clean water, then add 1 litre household ammonia (containing minimum of

3% ammonia) per 100 litres of water. Flush solution through boom and hoses, and then add more water
to completely fill tank. Allow to sit for 15 minutes with agitation. Again flush the hoses, boom and nozzles
with the cleaning solution and drain tank.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens, and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Repeat Step 2.

5. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

Note: Do not use ammonia with chlorine bleach. Using ammonia with chlorine bleach will release a gas
with a musty chlorine odor, which may cause eye, nose, throat and lung irritation. Do not clean equipment in
an enclosed area. When UpBeet is tank mixed with other pesticides, the most rigorous clean-out procedure
should be followed. When UpBeet will be applied over several days, the following method is recommended:
at the end of each day, rinse the interior of the tank with fresh water, then partially fill the tank and flush the
boom and hoses. This approach will prevent the build-up of dried pesticide deposits, which are difficult to
remove from application equipment.

8. Application Tips: Applications should be made 5 - 10 days apart or as weeds germinate. Weeds should be
actively growing and not under stress. For best results, apply to small, emerged weeds between the
cotyledon and 4 true leaf stage at approximately 5 cm tall or across. Applications made to larger weeds or to
weeds under stress may result in unsatisfactory control. Since UpBeet has little or no soil activity, only weeds
that have emerged above the soil surface will be controlled. Use sequential tank mix applications to control
new weed flushes. Timely cultivation (s) can be used in addition to UpBeet tank mixes for optimum weed
control in a sugar beet management program. Dry, dusty field conditions may reduce weed control in wheel
track areas. Higher water volumes may improve control in these conditions.

303

UpBeet (cont'd)

9. How it Works: Absorbed through foliage. Inhibits cell elongation.

10. Expected Results: UpBeet herbicide rapidly stops the growth of susceptible weeds; weeds turn yellow
usually 7-21 days after post-emergent application, followed by the death of the growing plant. Warm, moist
growing conditions before, during and immediately after application promote the activity of UpBeet, while
cool and/or dry conditions may reduce or delay herbicidal activity. Large weeds or weeds stressed due to
frost, drought or water-saturated soil, disease or insect damage may not be controlled adequately.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall within 6 hours may reduce weed control.

12. Movement in Soil: Movement is restricted by finely textured soils, soil organic matter and neutral to acidic
conditions. The product is relatively immobile in most agricultural soils.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Do not harvest within 60 days of treatment.

In case of crop failure, only sugar beets may be replanted 30 days after application of UpBeet. However, if a
total of 100 g/ha of UpBeet has already been applied to the first crop of sugar beets, then no more UpBeet
may be applied to the second crop of sugar beets. Cereal crops (spring wheat, durum wheat, winter wheat,
barley) may be planted the following year after application of UpBeet. For all other crops, a field bioassay
must be conducted. A successful field bioassay means growing to maturity a test strip of the crop(s) intended
for production the following year.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) >5,000 mg/kg.

15. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron
and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow
directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, but not below 5°C.

1 7. Resistance Management: UpBeet is a Group 2 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to UpBeet and other Group 2 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

1. Formulations: Liquid; 480 g/L; 10 Ljug.

2. Registered Mixes: 2,4-D (Amine, LV Ester); 2,4-D -f dichlorprop (Desormone LV 700, Diphenoprop BK700,
Turboprop 600).

Roundup and Roundup -I- 2,4-D: For roadside vegetation control.

Vanquish (dicamba)

WARNING POISON

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix with oils. Use aerial tank mixes only on aspen poplar and white birch.
3. Crops: Non-crop areas such as established turf, railways, roadsides and utility rights-of-way.

304

Vanquish (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

0.50 L/ac Vanquish (turf)

clover erect knotweed mouse-eared chickweed sheep sorrel

0.95 L/ac Vanquish
Canada thistle
common ragweeds
English daisy
1.90 L/ac Vanquish
diffuse knapweed
goat's-beard
3.7 L/ac Vanquish
baby's breath
0.85 L/ac Vanquish +
wild carrot

false ragweeds
field bindweed

ground cherry
pasture sage

fringed sage brush

L/ac 2,4-D Amine 500

1.8

giant ragweeds perennial sow-thistle

goldenrod tansy ragwort

poverty weed thyme-leaved spurge

sheep sorrel

lambkill velvet grass

Brush: Rates/ 1,000 L of water.

Group 1: 2.1 L Vanquish -I- (4.0 L 2,4-D Amine or 3.3 L 2,4-D Ester 600)

alder cherry wild rose

aspen poplar western snowberry wolf willow

Group 2: 4.0 L Vanquish -I- (8.0 L 2,4-D Amine or 6.6 L 2,4-D Ester 600)

balsam fir black cottonwood

balsam poplar bur oak

birch elm

Group 3; 5.2 L Vanquish + 7.1 L (2,4-D + dichlorprop)

sugar maple white ash

5. Weeds Suppressed: Top growth control.

0.50 L/ac Vanquish

absinthe leafy spurge

Canada thistle perennial sow-thistle

0.95 L/ac Vanquish
curled dock
3.7 L/ac Vanquish

bracken fern

6. When Used:

perennial cinquefoil

hickory
pine
red oak

spruce
tamarack
vine maple

poverty weed
scentless chamomile

Russian knapweed

white cedar

Coniferous and deciduous species: When leaves are fully expanded (spring-early summer), and stop
applications at least 3 weeks prior to a change of leaf colour in the fall.

Roadside vegetation control: Vanquish can be used in a tank mix with Roundup for annual vegetation
control on 1 - 2 metre wide roadside shoulders. Vanquish tank mixes with Roundup and 2,4-D offer a
broader spectrum of total control of roadside vegetation.

Weed stage: Broadleaf weeds: When actively growing, normally between May and July.

7. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment. Thorough coverage essential.

Rate: See Weeds Controlled, Weeds Suppressed. Rates vary depending on species.

Roadside vegetation control:

1. 0.5 - 1.06 L/ac Vanquish -I- 0.3 - 0.4 L/ac Roundup.

2. 0.12 L/ac Vanquish + 0.49 L/ac 2,4-D (500 g/L) + 0.3 - 0.4 L/ac Roundup.

Water volume: Aircraft: 35 L/ac minimum. Ground: Turf weeds: 45 L/ac; Weeds: 45 - 90 L/ac;

Brush: rate/1,000 L of water.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

305

Herbicides

Vanquish (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Thorough coverage of weed and wetting brush to the point of runoff is essential for
control. Brush and trees over 2 m should be cut and regrowth sprayed. Do not use on bentgrass. Do not rake,
mow or water turf within 24 hours after treatment. 2,4-D Ester tank mix may improve brush control,
especially under drought stress. Tank mix with 2,4-D (Amine or Ester) for control of a broader range of
weeds. Avoid spraying if temperatures exceed 30°C, to reduce risk of vapour drift. Avoid spraying onto soil
over root system of desirable trees and shrubs. Thoroughly clean application equipment after use.

9. How it Works: Dicamba is a systemic herbicide absorbed through roots or leaves and translocated in most
plants. Disrupts the metabolic and growth activities in the plant.

1 0. Expected Results: Excellent control of brush can be expected within a year of application. Effect on
broadleaf weeds may be seen in 10 - 14 days with twisting and bending of main stem, cupping of leaves,
increase in root size and increase in fibrous roots.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall 4 hours after application will not reduce effectiveness.

12. Movement in Soil: Dicamba is more subject to leaching in sandy soils than in clay textured soils. During the
growing season, the half-life of dicamba is less than 30 days.

13. Cropping Restrictions: Use on non-crop areas such as roadsides, utility rights-of-way, railways, wasteland
and similar areas.

Grazing restrictions:

Pastures, rangeland, non-crop area (meat animals): If treated vegetation has been consumed by
meat animals within 30 days of Vanquish application, feed the animal with untreated diet for 30 days before
slaughter. Meat animals may graze or feed on treated pasture 30 days after Vanquish application without
restrictions on slaughter.

Dairy cattle: (Days == time between treatment and grazing or cutting.) Up to 500 mL/ac - 0 days,

501 - 930 mL/ac - 7 days, 931 mL/ac - 1.86 L/ac - 14 days, 1.87 - 2.87 L/ac - 30 days.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 3,512 mg/kg. Acute dermal LD^^ (rats) =
>2,000 mg/kg. Low toxicity to fish. Non-toxic to bees. May cause severe damage to eyes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Freezing may cause crystalization but no activity is lost if completely resuspended.

17. Resistance Management: Vanquish is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Vanquish and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38-42).

1. Formulations:

Vantage: 356 g/L glyphosate acid equivalent (present as isopropylamine salt), 10 L.

Vantage Plus: 360 g/L glyphosate acid equivalent (present as isopropylamine salt), 10 L, 115 L and
450 L.

Vantage/Vantage Plus (glyphosate)

CAUTION IRRITANT

306

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

2. Registered Mixes:

Chemical fallow use only: 2,4-D Amine (or Banvel or Pardner) + non-ionic surfactant.

Minimum tillage: Pardner -t- non-ionic surfactant, only for application prior to planting barley, oats,
wheat.

Glyphosate tolerant canola: Lontrel.

Surfactants: Ag-Surf, Agral 90, Companion, Enhance, Frigate.

4. Weeds Controlled:

Annuals

annual bluegrass (9.0)

giant foxtail

narrow-leaved vetch

volunteer canola

annual sow-thistle

green foxtail

night-flowering catchfly

volunteer corn

Canada fleabane

hemp-nettle

Persian darnel

volunteer flax

cleavers

kochia

prickly lettuce

volunteer mustard

common ragweed

lady's-thumb

redroot pigweed

volunteer wheat

cow cockle

lamb's-quarters

Russian thistle

wild buckwheat (6.7)

dodder

large crabgrass

shepherd's-purse

wild mustard

downy brome

narrow-leaved

stinkweed

wild oats

flixweed

hawk's-beard

volunteer barley

Perennials

alfalfa

curled dock

Japanese knotweed

quackgrass

Canada bluegrass

dandelion

Kentucky bluegrass

smooth bromegrass

Canada thistle (7.8)

field bindweed

perennial sow-thistle

toadflax

cattail

foxtail barley

poison ivy

wormwood

common milkweed

hemp dogbane

purple loosestrife

yellow nutsedge

cottontop

hoary cress

Brush

alder maple

poplar

sheeplaurel willow

birch pine

raspberry

snowberry

5. Weeds Suppressed: Some weeds suppressed at lower rates.

6. When Used:

Annual weeds: Grassy and broadleaf weeds that are actively growing (see annual weed control chart for
details). Dodder: spot treatment in sugar beets.

Perennial weeds:

Canada thistle (bud stage): At or beyond bud stage of growth.

Canada thistle (fall rosette): 15 cm in diameter and at least 5 weeks of growth. Majority of them in a
rosette stage.

Dandelion: Prior to seeding and post harvest.

Field bindweed: At or beyond full bloom and actively growing.

Milkweed: Bud to full bloom stage of growth.

Note: Reduced results may occur on plants treated after full bloom.

Quackgrass (spring, summerfallow, preharvest, fall stubble): At least 20 cm in height (3 - 4 leaf
stage) of growth and actively growing.

Quackgrass (fall tilled ground): Delay application in the spring until majority of quackgrass has
4 - 5 leaves. This stage usually occurs 1 - 4 weeks later on fall tilled ground than on undisturbed ground.
Other perennials: Mostly in head and early bud stage.

Brush: Actively growing brush from June through August.

307

rbicides

Herbicides

VantageA/antage Plus (cont'd)

7. How to Apply: Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may
be formed.

With: Ground equipment only: boom equipment, handgun, high volume equipment, wipers.

Rate:

Annual Weed Control

Rate

Growth stage

Weeds controlled

Comments (apply in 20 - 40 L/ac water)

0.3 lyac

Weeds up to
8 cm in height

Green foxtail, lady's-thumb,
stinkweed, volunteer barley,
volunteer canola, volunteer wheat,
wild mustard, wild oats.

For wild oats, apply at 1 - 3 leaf stage.

Add 0.14 L of a surfactant registered for use
such as Agral 90, Ag-Surf and Companion.
For heavy wild oat infestations, use 0.4 L/ac
rate.

0.4 t/ac

Weeds 8 cm to
15 cm in height

For annual grasses listed above
plus foxtail barley** (suppression
only).

All other broadleaf weeds listed
above plus fllxweed** and
kochia**.

Add 0.14 L of surfactant registered for use
as listed above.

Apply before initiation or senescence.

** Suppression only.

0 51 -0.77
lyac

Weeds up to
1 5 cm in height

All annual grasses listed above
plus downy brome, giant foxtail,
Persian darnel.

No additional surfactant is required.

* Do not use these rates on plants greater
than 8 cm in height.

** For 3 - 4 leaf stage, use 0.77 L/ac rate.
*** For weeds 8 - 15 cm in height, use
0.77 mL/ac rate.

0 91 l/ac

Weeds up to
1 5 cm in height

All annual grasses listed above,
plus annual blue grass, crab grass.
All broadleaf weeds listed above
plus annual sow-thistle, kochia,
narrow-leaved vetch, prickly lettuce,
shepherd's-purse.

For additional broadleaf weed control option,
refer to tank mix table.

1.42 l/ac

Weeds over
1 5 cm in height

All annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds listed above.

For additional broadleaf weed control option,
refer to tank mix table.

308

VantageA^antage Plus (cont'd)

Peranniat Weed Control

Application

Weed

Growth stage

Rate (L/ac)

Water volume ftyac)

Comments

Alfalfa

Early bud to
full bloom Stage.
Fall application
only.

1.5 -2.0

20-120

Allow 5 or more days after
treatment before tillage.

Canada thistle

Rosette stage
{summer fellow)

1.0

20-40

Allow 1 0 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Bud stage or
beyond

19-2.8

20-120

Allow 5 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Common

milkweed

Bud to full bloom

4.9

20-120

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Bud to full bloom
{preharvest)

1.0

20-100

Reduced control may occur after full
bloom.

Milkweed may not be present In a
correct stage, therefore, repeat
treatment may be required.

Dandelion

<15cm

1.0

20 - 40

Allow 3 or more days after
treatment before tillage for all rates.

>15 cm

1.5- 2.0

20 - 40

Use the higher rates when
infestations are heavy.

Rosette to
full bloom
{preharvest)

1.0

20-40

Allow 7 or more days after pre-
harvest treatment before tillage.

Field bindweed

Full bloom or
beyond

2.8 - 4.9

20- 120

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Foxtail barley

Seedling to
heading

1.0 -2.0

20 - 40

Allow a minimum of 1 day after
treatment before tillage or seeding.
Use higher rate for larger, more
established plants, heavy infestations
or if plants are stressed.

Duackgrass

{control, light
to moderate
infestatlonsl

3 - 4 green
leaves or more

1.0

20-120

Allow 3 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

For higher water volumes
(he. 60 - 120 Uac), an approved

surfactant must be added at 0.5 L per
100 L of dean water (0.5% v/v).

(continued)

309

Herbicides

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

Perennial Weed Control (continuedj

Weed

Growth stage

Rate (L/ac)

Vinter volume (l/ac)

Comments

Quackgrass

(continued)
(long-term
control, heavy
infestations,
high water
volumes)

3 - 4 green
leaves or more

1.0 -2.8

20 - 120

Allow 3 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

Rates higher than 1 I7ac will provide
more consistent long-term control,
especially with heavier infestations
and/or higher water volumes
(i.e. 60 - 120 l/ac).

Toadflax

Vegetative stage
^summer fallovy)

Bud to full bloom
{preharvest)

20-40

Allow 7 or more days after treatment
before tillage.

JUtiwa} Weed Gohtrot with Vantage/Vantage Plus Tank Mixtures for Summaii Pdftow ai^ Minim#

■ta|a|iphrln»-40t/aevnler
140 nil/ac of suriactMt}

Vantage -l-

0.3 - 0.4 L

Cow cockle, fiixweed*, green foxtail.

This tank mixture is registered for

Banvei II

+ 0.12 L

kochia, lady's-thumb, lamb's-quartefs,
redroot pigweed**, Russian thistle,
stinkweed, volunteer canola (rapeseed),
volunteer cereals, wild buckwheat**,
wild mustard, wild oats.

summer fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall
and actively growing for best results.
Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm tall.

* Vantage is applied at 0.4 l/ac.

** Suppression only. See other tank
mixtures for control options.

Vantage -f

0.3 - 0.4 L

Flixweed, green foxtail*, kochia.

This tank mixture is registered for

2,4-D Amine
or LV Ester
(adjust rates
if different
formulation
is used)

-t- 0.48 L

lady's-thumb, lamb's-quarters,
redroot pigweed, Russian thistle,
stinkweed, volunteer canola
(rapeseed), volunteer cereals,
wild mustard, wild oats*.

summer fallow use only.

Weeds should be less than 15 cm tall
and actively growing for best results.
Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm in height.

* Use Vantage at 0.4 l/ac for wild oats
and green foxtail control.

** Suppression only. See other tank
mixtures for control options.

(continued}

310

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

Aimaal Weed Control wHh ^ntago/Vantage Plus Tank Mixtures for Summer Fallow and Minimum Tillage Systems

Comments {apply in 20 • 40 L/ac water
and add 140 mi/ac of surfactant)

This tank mixture is registered for
summer fallow use only and prior to
barley, oats and wheat in minimum
tillage systems.

Weeds should be at least 15 cm tall and
actively growing for best results.

Use higher rate if weeds are beyond
8 cm in height.

* Use Vantage at 0.4 L/ac rate only for
wild buclfwheat control.

** 0.4 L suppression only. See other
tank miktures for control options.

Preplant or preseed application in direct seeding systems (all crops): 0.5 - 0.75 L/ac annual
weeds up to 15 cm in height. Apply prior to seeding or after seeding, but before crop emergence for control
of emerged weeds in direct seeding systems. Ensure weeds are at the desired stage at time of application.
This product does not provide pre-emergent weed control, and newly germinating weeds may be a problem
in the crop.

Water volume: Handgun, high volume (coarse sprays only); 80 - 120 L/ac. Boom: 20 - 120 L/ac. Chemical
fallow, reduced rates: 20 - 40 L/ac. Always use clean water, free of sediments.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan nozzles for volumes 20 - 40 L/ac: flood jet type or flat fan for volumes above 40 L/ac.

8. Application Tips: Tillage or mowing prior to application will reduce effectiveness on perennial weeds.
Minimum (days) to wait before tillage after Vantage applications: annual weeds (1); spring and fall
quackgrass (3); Canada thistle bud stage (5), fall rosette stage (7-10); field bindweed, milkweed, other
perennials (7). Before commencing tillage, allow at least 3 full days (72 hours) after application for
quackgrass control and 5 - 7 days after application for thistles if applied other than at early bud stage.
Quackgrass control:

Application on forages should be followed by tillage 3 days or later and should be made when good growing
conditions exist.

Allow 3 or more days after application before tillage.

Pbfdner

Rets (per MS) Weesis centroled

0.3 ' 0.4 L Green foxtail, kochia**,

4- 0.48 L lady's-thumb, redroot pigweed**,

stinkweed, volunteer canola (rapeseed),
volunteer cereals, wild buckwheat*,
wild mustard, wild oats*.

311

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

Canada thistle (fall rosette); Conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform last tillage operation
between July 15 and August 1. Allow thistles to regrow for a minimum of 5 weeks until they are 15 cm in
diameter and majority of them are in a rosette stage.

Toadflax: To ensure the proper timing, conduct summerfallow tillage as usual and perform the last tillage
operation from July 10 to July 21. Allow toadflax to regrow for a minimum of four weeks following last
tillage. When the toadflax reach the height of 15 cm and have a large number of green leaves, apply
1.0 L/ac. Wait a minimum of 7 days after application before tilling again.

Note: Canada thistle and toadflax can be treated after a mild frost provided the leaves are still green and
actively growing at the time of application. Do not treat after first killing frost.

Alfalfa ploughdown (fall application only): Apply 1.5 L/ac at early bud to full bloom stage. Allow
5 or more days after treatment before tillage. Use the higher rate when alfalfa populations are high or when
heavy grass infestations are present.

Alfalfa control with 2,4-D tank mix: For fall control of established stands of alfalfa, apply 1 - 2 L/ac of
Vantage + 0.48 - 0.97 L/ac of any 500 g/L of 2,4-D Amine or Ester in 40 - 80 L/ac of water. For spring
applications, use only the low rate of 2,4-D and 1 - 2 L/ac of Vantage. Only cereal crops not underseeded to
legumes may be planted following spring applications of this tank mix. A 14 day interval between
application and planting is required. Use the higher Vantage rates when perennial grasses are prevalent.

9. How it Works: A non-selective, systemic herbicide that moves from the foliage into the roots and kills the
entire plant.

12. Movement in Soil: The amount of glyphosate leaching is very low.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock.

1 4. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 4,320 mg/kg. Eye irritant. Non-toxic
to bees, birds and fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Heated storage not required.

1 7. Resistance Management: Vantage/Vantage Plus is a Group 9 herbicide. Any weed population may contain
or develop plants naturally resistant to Vantage/Vantage Plus and other Group 9 herbicides. The resistant
biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed
(see page 38-42).

312

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

Preharvest - Vantage/Vantage Plus

Application may be made prior to harvest for the control of quackgrass, Canada thistle, common milkweed,
toadflax, dandelion, season-long control of perennial sow-thistle and most annual weeds.

Crop: Wheat, barley (including malting barley), canola (rapeseed), dry beans, flax (including low linolenic
acid varieties), lentils, oats, peas, forages and soyabean. \

Rate:

Vantage/Vantage Plus: 1 L/ac.

Forage crops only: VantageA'antage Plus: 1 - 2 L/ac.

With: Ground equipment only.

Crop timing: For annual crops, apply when average seed moisture content is at or below 30%. Accurate
measurement of seed moisture content must be made before application. This stage typically occurs
7-14 days before harvest. For forage crops, apply at 1 - 2 L/ac 3 - 7 days prior to the last cut before rotation
or forage renovation. Consult the table below for visual indicators of this stage in each crop.

Guidelines for Timing of Pre-harvest Applications

Crops

Per cent grain moisture

Visual symptoms

Barley, oats, wheat

Less than 30

Hard dough stage; a thumb impression remains on the seed

Canola

Less than 30

Pods are green to yellow; most seeds are yellow to brown

Dry beans

Less than 30

Stems are green to brown; pods are mature (yellow to
brown); 80 - 90% leaf drop {original leaves)

Flax {not including low
linolenic acid varieties)

Less than 30

Majority {75 - 80%) of bolls are brown

Forages

Not applicable

Normal stage for forage harvesting

Lentils

Less than 30

Lowermost pods {bottom 1 5%) are brown and seeds rattle

Peas

Less than 30

Majority 75 - 80% of pods are brown

Soybean

Less than 30

Stems are green to brown; pod tissue is dry and brown in
appearance {80 - 90% leaf drop)

Weeds controlled: Canada thistle, common milkweed, dandelion, perennial sow-thistle (season-long),
quackgrass, toadflax and most of the annual weeds.

Caution:

Do not apply to any crops if grown for seed.

Consult malt buyers before using preharvest on malt barley.

All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock.

313

Herbicides

Vantage/Vantage Plus (cont'd)

Glyphosate Tolerant Canola (Vantage/Vantage Plus)

Crop: Glyphosate tolerant canola. Always use pedigreed (i.e. certified) glyphosate tolerant canola seed.

Weeds controlled

chickweed

lady's-thumb

stinkweed

volunteer wheat

corn spurry

lamb's-quarters

volunteer barley

wild mustard

green foxtail

redroot pigweed

volunteer canola

wild oats

hemp-nettle

kochia

Russian thistle

(non-glyphosate tolerant)

wild tomato

Weeds controlled at 0.5 L/ac rate

cleavers

night-flowering catchfly

shepherd's-purse

wild buckwheat

cow cockle

quackgrass (season-long)

smartweed

Weeds controlled at 0.5 L/ac rate with sequential applications

Canada thistle (season-long)

perennial sow-thistle (season-long)

Weed suppressed with higher rate: Canada thistle, dandelion, perennial sow-thistle.

Rate: 0.34 - 0.5 L/ac. No additional surfactant is required.

With: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Water volume: 20 - 40 L/ac.

Crop stage: 0 - 6 leaf stage.

Application tips: The lower rate can be used for the control of shepherd’s-purse, cow-cockle and night-
flowering catchfly at the 1 - 3 leaf stage or for the control of smartweed at the 4 - 6 leaf stage. A repeat
application may improve performance. Ensure crop has not advanced beyond the recommended growth
stage. Repeat application may be required if second flush of weeds germinates prior to canopy closure. Some
short-term visula yellowing may occur when Vantage/Vantage Plus is applied at the late application
(4 - 6 leaf stage). This effect is temporary and will not influence crop growth, maturity or yield. Maximum
1 L/ac is allowed for post-emergence use.

Grazing and cropping restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; sufficient data are not
available to support such use.

Velpar l/lfelpar PF (hexazinone)

Group 5

Manufacturer; DuPont Canada Inc.

DANGER CORROSIVE

1. Formulations: Water dispersible solution; Velpar L; 240 g/L; 10 L jugs. Water dispersible granule;

Velpar DF; 75%, 2.0 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

Velpar L: Established seed alfalfa for selective weed control. Non-crop areas as an industrial herbicide for
total vegetation control. Forestry use for weed and deciduous brush control in coniferous woodland
plantations (balsam fir, black spruce, red pine, white spruce) . Velpar L used for weed and deciduous brush
control in coniferous woodland plantations (balsam fir, black spruce, red pine, white spruce) .

Velpar DF: Blueberries, Christmas tree plantations (balsam fir, black spruce, Colorado blue spruce, red
pine, scotch pine, white spruce), established seed alfalfa, woodland management areas less than 50 hectars.

314

Velpar LA/elpar DF (cont'd)

4. Weeds Controlled:

Alfalfa: Dandelion, narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, quackgrass, sow-thistle, scentless chamomile.

Non-crop

annual grasses
bedstraw
bladder campion
bromegrass
burdock
Canada thistle
common ragweed

Cypress spurge
dandelion
field bindweed

goldenrod

ground-ivy

hemp-nettle

horsetail

lamb's-quarters

milkweed

mullein

perennial grasses
poison-ivy
purple vetch
spreading dogbane

tansy ragwort
toadflax

vine trumpet
wild carrot

wild grape
wild raspberry

Forestry: Ash, aspen poplar, birch, cherry, maple.

5. Weeds Suppressed: None.

6. When Used: Established seed alfalfa: Velpar L: Apply in late fall or early spring when alfalfa is dormant. It
must be seed alfalfa established for at least 18 months.

Non-crop (herbaceous weed control):

Velpar L and Velpar DF: Just before or soon after weed emergence. Do not apply to frozen or snow-
covered soil or soil with less than 1% soil organic matter.

Forestry:

Conifer site preparation (Velpar L): In spring after ground has thawed.

Undiluted spot treatment for brush (Velpar L): To thawed ground in spring or early summer.
Blueberry: In spring after burning operations but before blueberries emerge.

7. How to Apply:

Established seed alfalfa:

With: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Velpar L: 0.85 - 1.7 L/ac. Applied to dormant, established alfalfa.

Velpar DF: 272 - 544 g/ac.

Blueberry: Velpar DF: 777 gm - 1.04 kg/ac.

Water volume: 81 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Non-crop and forestry:

With:

Velpar L: Fixed boom sprayer, handgun, back pack sprayers, a watering can for smaller areas or a spot gun.
Velpar DF: By air (forestry only). Fixed or rotary wing, minimum droplet size: 200 micometers UMD
(optimum droplet size 400 micometers).

Rate:

Velpar DF: Air: 1.17 - 2.33 kg/ac in 14 L/ac of water. Ground: 1.17 - 2.33 kg/ac in 100 L/ac of water
(min) .

More than 1 season: 1.8 - 3.6 kg/ac as a foliar spray. Higher rates on clay or clay loam soils and on soils
with more than 5% organic matter.

315

Velpar L/Velpar DF (cont'd)

Velpar L;

Conifer site preparation: 3.6 - 7.2 L/ac. Black or white spruce and jack pine may be planted
immediately after the 3.6 L/ac application, but should not be planted until a year after application at higher
rates.

Undiluted spot treatment for brush: 0.75 - 1.50 mL for each 1 cm of stem diameter (breast height) of
plants to be controlled. Direct treatment within 0.5 m of the root collar of plants to be controlled and at least
1.0 m from desirable conifers.

Water volume: Handgun, minimum of 650 L/ac of spray solution. Velpar L: at least 5 L of water for each
litre of Velpar L.

8. Application Tips: Avoid overlapping spray swaths. Do not apply to slopes as soil erosion may
occur. Do not apply when vegetation is dormant or semi-dormant as the treatment may not be effective. Do
not use on gravelly or rocky soils, exposed subsoil or sandy soils. Since the effect on conifers varies with soil
type, uniformity of application and environmental conditions, it is suggested growers first test Velpar L or DF
on small areas.

9. How it Works: A systemic herbicide readily absorbed through the roots and foliage and translocated
upwards. Inhibits photosynthesis.

1 0. Expected Results: Plants become chlorotic soon after treatment and then die. Rainfall will increase efficacy.
Poor results may be expected if there is inadequate application rate, weed growth too mature,
insufficient rainfall or application on areas subject to severe soil erosion.

11. Effects of Rainfall: Rainfall less than 4 hours after application may affect the contact activity.

12. Movement in Soil: Velpar moves downward in the soil to the root zone of woody species.

13. Cropping Restrictions:

Alfalfa: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there is insufficient data available to support such use.
Do not seed any crop following alfalfa that has been treated with Velpar L until a successful field bioassy
shows that the crop in question may be grown safely. A successful field bioassy means growing a test strip of
the crop to maturity across the field. Persistence of Velpar L or DF in the soil is influenced by temperature,
rainfall, soil type and organic matter. Seeding of field bioassys is not recommended less than 24 months after
the last Velpar application.

14. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^^ (rats) = technical 1,690 mg/kg. May cause some
eye irritation. Slightly toxic to fish. Velpar irritates eyes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 6. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame.

316

Venture L (fluazifop-p-butyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: 125 grams/L as the emulsifiable concentrate; 2 x 8 L case.

2. Registered Mixes: Canola: Lontrel, Muster (Argentine varieties only), Poast Ultra *, Poast Ultra + Lontrel,
Poast Ultra + Muster. Flax: Poast Ultra. Potatoes: Lexone or Sencor. Alfalfa, bird’s foot trefoil, red
clover: 2,4-DB. Creeping red fescue: Ally. TTC canola only: Bladex.

* Add Turbocharge or Merge or a combination of two adjuvants so that the final adjuvant concentration is 0.5 L/lOO L
spray solution.

No mixes with fertilizers or insecticides are registered. When tank mixing always check the tank mix partner
recommendations for additional restrictions.

3. Crops: Alfalfa (8.8), bird’s foot trefoil* (7.4) canola (8.6), creeping red fescue* (seedling and established),
field peas, flax (8.9) including linola, lentils, mustard, potatoes, red clover*, sunflowers.

* For seed production only. Do not graze or harvest for feed in year of treatment.

4. Weeds Controlled:

wild oats (8.2)
wild proso millet
yellow foxtail

5. Weeds Suppressed: Quackgrass.

6. When Used:

barley (8.4)
barnyard grass (7.5)
crabgrass
fall panicum

green foxtail (8.4)
old witchgrass
Persian darnel (6.8)

spring wheat (8.4)
volunteer corn
volunteer wheat

Weed stage: Apply to actively growing, grassy weeds. Wild oats and volunteer cereals: full 2 - 5 leaf stage*.
For optimum control of annual grasses, apply at the 2 - 3 leaf stage. Green and yellow foxtail: full
2 - 4 leaf stage. Quackgrass: 3 - 5 leaf stage, maximum 20 cm tall, not heading.

* Most effective control of wild oats is achieved when application is made before tillering.

7. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment only.

Water volume: 22 - 45 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan type. 50 mesh or larger screens.

Rate: Maximum use rate 280 g/ac.

Grass weed species controlled Rate

Quackgrass suppression (all crops), green and yellow foxtail 0.57 l/ac

Quackgrass suppression (canola), wild proso millet 0.4 L/ac

Volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, Persian darnel, barnyard grass 0.32 l/ac

Volunteer corn 0.24 L/ac

Wild oats 0.4 l/ac

Add turbocharge adjuvant at a rate of 0.5 L/lOO L spray solution (2 L/454 L).

Mixing instructions:

If Muster is to be tank mixed, it must be added to the spray tank before Venture as follows: Add Muster to
the spray tank followed by agitation for 2 - 3 minutes. Then add the required amount of Venture and
continue agitation for at least 1 minute.

317

Herbicides

Venture L (cont'd)

8. Application Tips: Application made to annual grasses that have tillered and are under moisture and/or

B temperature stress will not provide acceptable control. Fragmenting of quackgrass rhizomes by tillage in fall

or spring prior to seeding will enhance quackgrass control. Crop competition generally enhances control of
quackgrass. Do not cultivate for 5 days after application. Less than acceptable weed control may be expected
if weeds are under stress because of excessive moisture, drought, or cool weather. Crops offering poor
competition to weeds may not provide acceptable control.

9. How it Works: Systemic, Venture L is readily translocated from leaf surface to the growing points where it
starts killing the grasses. Translocation also carries Venture L to the roots and rhizomes to help prevent
regrowth and to add to the control of perennial grasses.

10. Expected Results: Grass growth stops in 48 hours. Young shoots turn brown in 7 - 8 days, and complete kill
takes place over a 3 - 4 week period.

11. Effects of Rainfall: No effect 2 hours after application.

12. Movement in Soil: No soil movement. This product will not leach in the soil.

1 3. Cropping Restrictions: Do not harvest red clover, bird’s-foot trefoil or creeping red fescue for feed or graze
livestock in the year of treatment. Alfalfa (treated crop) and field peas (straw) may be fed to lactating dairy
animals and other livestock 41 days (alfalfa) or 66 days (field peas) after treatment.

Minimum harvest interval to harvest (days): Canola, flax (80), lentils (70), mustard (75),
peas (field) (66), alfalfa (41).

Succeeding crops: Seed only broadleaf crops listed on this label if it is necessary to reseed a crop within
60 days of applying Venture 25DG.

14. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 4,770 mg/kg. May cause eye and
severe skin irritation.

15. Precautions, First Aid: when spraying, avoid spray mist by staying upwind from the spray and/or by
wearing a suitable mask or respirator. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls,
brimmed hard hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for
further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

16. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep packages dry at all times. Product is not affected by freezing.

1 7. Resistance Management: Venture L is a Group 1 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop
plants naturally resistant to Venture L and other Group 1 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate
the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed (see page 38 - 42).

318

Insecticide Index

Name Page/s

Chemical Insect Control in Alberta 320

Chemical control 320

Safety 320

Bee safety 320

Toxicity of pesticides to honeybees 321

Livestock and residues 322

The guide 322

Economic threshold 322

Economic thresholds for forage and

special crops 322

Economic thresholds for cereals and

corn crops 323

Economic thresholds for oilseed crops 324

Insecticide Group Classification by
Mode of Action 325

acephate 356

Admire 326

aluminum phosphide 357

azinphos methyl 343

carbaryl 337,365

carbofuran 338

Chlorpyrifos 480 EC 348

chlorpyrifos 348

clothianidin 359

clothianidin + carbathiin + thiram +

metalaxyl 362

Clean Crop Lagon 329

Counter 327

Cygon 4E 329

Cygon 480 329

Cygon Hopper Stopper 329

cyhalothrin lambda 353

Cymbush 363

cypermethrin 363

Beds 331

deltamethrin 331

Dibrom 334

dimethoate 329

Dimethoate Plus 329

Dylox 335

ECO Bait 337

Name Page/s

endosulfan 369

Endosulfan 369

Furadan 338

Fyfanon 50% EC 351

Gaucho 480 340

Gaucho CS FL 340

Genesis 341

Guthion 343

Helix 344

Helix XTra 344

imidacloprid 326,341

imidacloprid + carbathiin + thiram 340

Imidan 50-WP Instapak 345

Lannate 347

Lorsban 4E 348

malathion 351

Malathion 351

Matador 120EC 353

methamidophos 355

methomyl 347

Monitor 355

naled 334

Nufos 4E 348

Orthene 75% 356

permethrin 360

phorate 367

phosmet 345

Phostoxin 357

Poncho 359

Pounce 360

Prosper 362

P5n-inex 480 EC 348

Ripcord 363

Sevin XLR-Plus 365

Sniper 343

terbufos 327

thiamethoxam + difenoconazole + metalaxyl-M +

fludioxonil 344

Thimet 367

Thiodan 369

Thionex EC 369

trichlorfon 335

319

Insecticides

Chemical Insect Control in
Alberta

The degree of infestation and the severity of insect
damage vary drastically from area to area and
season to season. Most pests, such as grasshoppers,
cutworms and Bertha armyworms, require control
during periods of abundance that may last from
one to several years. Other pests, like flea beetles,
require control annually in some parts of Alberta.

To ensure proper use of insecticides, identify the
pest, learn its biology, check your fields and do not
panic when you see an insect in your crop. Obtain
information on pending pest problems and keep in
mind the previous years’ problems, so you are
prepared for changes in insect population levels.

Chemical control

Attention to the following points should lead to
more effective control once a decision to apply an
insecticide is made. Insecticides will kill the pest
insect if applied properly at a stage when the pest is
susceptible. An application made too early or too
late in the life cycle may not provide adequate
control and would be wasteful. Follow label
instructions for proper application. Consider factors
like penetration through foliage, weather
conditions, age and size of the insect, wait period to
grazing or harvest and dosage required when
making an application decision. If insects are
moving into crops or emerging over an extended
period, several applications in the same season may
be necessary since most insecticides have limited
residual properties when applied to foliage.

Safety

In general, insecticides are more toxic to
humans, wildlife, fish, bees and other non-
target organisms than herbicides or
fungicides. Follow label directions for safety
precautions associated with application of each
insecticide. Refer to the introductory section of this
book for general information on pesticide toxicity,
exposure, safety precautions, protective equipment,
symptoms, first aid. Poison Control Centres and
disposal. Specific information on safety is included
with each insecticide.

Bee safety

The insecticides used to protect crops from
damaging outbreaks of insect pests can also kill
some beneficial insects. The problem facing the
applicator is one of how to remove the problem
insects from the crop with the least possible impact
to beneficial insects such as honeybees, leafcutter
bees and other insects. Because bees play such an
important role in pollinating some crops, neither
beekeepers nor producers want to see them
harmed. Although it may not be possible to totally
eliminate the impact of insecticides on beneficial
insects, their impact can be greatly reduced when
agricultural producer, pesticide applicator and the
beekeeper work together.

Beekeepers should:

• Talk with the landowners near their bee yards
before spray season and provide the producers
with their phone number.

• Ask producers if spraying to control insects is
likely this year.

• Request the producer to provide them with
notification 48 hours in advance of applying an
insecticide.

Producers and applicators should:

• Check for potential insect infestations in field
crops early and frequently, and determine what
the economic thresholds are for problem insects
so that a spray program can be planned should it
be required.

• Notify beekeepers of intentions to spray
48 hours in advance of spraying.

• Avoid application of insecticides to crops in
bloom or to fields containing blooming weeds,
which are attractive to foraging bees. Where
feasible, use a preventative program early in the
season when insecticides may be as effective and
crops are not blooming.

• Spray late in the day or early in the morning
when the temperature is below ideal foraging
temperatures to reduce direct exposure to bees.
Honeybees are most active when the
temperature is above 18°C (72°F), usually in the
heat of the day. As a general rule, evening
applications are less hazardous than morning
applications.

320

• Where there is a risk to bees, use an insecticide
that has short residual activity to reduce the
impact on the bees and to reduce possibilities of
residues occurring in honey and pollen.

• Learn about pollination requirements of the
different crops grown and about honeybees and
leafcutter bees.

Caution

Unusually low temperatures during and
immediately following applications cause
insecticides to remain toxic to bees for a much
longer period than normal. High temperatures will
extend the foraging period, and application time
must be adjusted accordingly. Prevent insecticides
from drifting into adjacent blooming crops,
roadsides and pastures with weeds in bloom, water
used by bees, leafcutter shelters or apiaries by
maintaining a reasonable distance from field
boundaries and allowing for the potential
movement of insecticides by wind. For more
information, contact the Alberta Ag-Info Centre at
1-866-882-7677.

Rights and good practice

By law, persons, provided they do not contravene
any land use by-laws, regulations or generally
accepted practices, may operate an agricultural
operation (including the application of pesticides) .
It’s important to follow label directions and good
practices regarding protection of pollinator species
from insecticide applications.

Laws generally allow persons to obtain a benefit on
their property, provided that the benefit is not
achieved at the expense of adjacent landowners.
Ensure that pesticides are used in a manner where
drift does not occur.

Notification ensures that hazards are identified
prior to spraying so that farmers or their custom
applicators can adjust application practices to
prevent problems, and beekeepers can adjust
practices to accommodate spraying. Notification
does not mean seeking permission to spray.
Producers have the legal right to apply pesticides
on their property.

Highly toxic

Severe losses may be expected if
the following materials are used
when bees are present at treatment
time or within a few days
thereafter:

Admire

APM 50W Instapak
Cygon 480
Cymbush 250 EC
Decis 5 EC
Furadan 480F
Guthion Solupak
Imidan 50 WP
Lorsban 4E
Malathion 25 W
Matador 1 20EC
Pounce

Ripcord 400EC
Sevin XLR Plus
Sniper

Non-toxic

These are relatively non-toxic
to honeybees:

Benlate T-N-G
Bravo 500
Captain 80 WDG
Dithane DG
Gavel 75 DF
Kumulus DF
Manzate 200 DF
Manzate 200 WP
Penncozeb 75DF
Polyram OF
Ridomil Gold 480 EC
Ridomil Gold M2
Ronilan EG
Rovral

Senator 70WP

Toxicity of Pesticides to Honeybees
Moderately toxic

These can be used around bees
if dosage, timing, and method of
application are correct, but do not
apply them directly on bees, in
the field or at the colonies:

Endosulfan 50W
Lannate T-N-G
Thiodan 4EC
Thiodan 50WP

321

Insecticides

Notification is a two-way street - both the
beekeeper and farmer have to make efforts to
protect pollinators.

Note: In many cases, beekeepers cannot move or
cover their bees, especially during honey flow, so
timing and accuracy of an insecticide application,
plus selection of the safest insecticide where there
is risk to bees, are the only ways to safeguard bees.

Livestock and residues

The number of days between the application of an
insecticide and harvesting, feeding to livestock or
grazing is given on the label. These restrictions
must be followed to prevent illegal residues in
crops and livestock and to eliminate hazards to
consumers.

The guide

This guide only includes the major insecticides
registered for use on field crops in Alberta. Not all
insects controlled are listed for each insecticide.

Economic threshold

Before making a decision to apply an insecticide,
producers need to know if the application would be
economically justified. In addition to the expected
dollar value of the crop, the producer needs to
determine whether the insects present will cause a
yield loss greater in value than the cost of control.
The economic thresholds listed below will assist in
making this decision.

Thresholds are given as the number of insects/unit
of measure (such as #/plant or #/m^) or, for
insects that are difficult to sample, the amount of
damage evident. Chemical controls are generally
only warranted when numbers meet or exceed the
threshold level. Remember to sample throughout
the field (minimum of 10 samples per 160 acres) to
obtain an average infestation level.

Economic Thresholds for Insect Pests of Forage and Special Crops

Insect

Economic threshold

Comments

Alfalfa weevil

Alfalfa hay crops: Apply controls when 25 - 50% of
leaves on upper one-third of stem show damage or
when 50 - 70% of terminals show injury
Alfalfa seed crops: 20 - 25 larvae per 90° sweep or
when 35 - 50% of foliage tips show damage

Alfalfa hay crops; 20 • 30 larvae per
sweep cause a 12% leaf loss; 50 - 75
larvae per sweep cause a 30% leaf loss;
56 larvae per stem will return treatment
costs.

Aphids

Canary grass: 50 per head between heading and soft
dough

Beet leafminer

Sugar beet: Only infestations causing more than 25%
defoliation require treatment

Grasshoppers

Alfalfa: See Cereals and Corn table. Safflower: 1 5/m

Pea aphid

Alfalfa: 75 - 100 aphids per plant

Field peas: 1 - 4 aphids per 20 cm stem tip when

50 - 75% of plants have begun to flower

Plant bugs

Alfalfa seed: 5 nymphs per sweep (any or all species of
plant bugs) when alfalfa Is in bud or bloom

Red clover thrips

Red clover seed fields: 50 - 80 thrips per raceme

Threshold levels have occurred only during
years of early spring drought on dryland.

Sweetclover weevil Seedling crop (cotyledon stage): 1 weevil per

5 seedlings under slow growing conditions or 1 weevil
per 3 seedlings under normal growing conditions
Newly emerged 2nd-year sweetclover: 9-12 weevils
per plant.

322

Economic Thresholds for Insect Pests of Cereals and Corn Crops

insect

Economic threshold

Comments

Aphids

8lrdcherry*oat
Com leaf
English grairt
Greenbug
Russian wheat

Seetfling: 20; Boot: 30 (aphids per stem)

Seedling: 20; Boot: 30 (aphids per stem)

Seedling: 30: Boot: 50 (aphids per stem)

Seedling: 5-15: Boot; 10-25 (aphids per stem)
Spring cereals - Seedling: 10 - 15%; Boot: 15 - 20%
(% plants infested)

Winter cereals - Seedling: 15 - 20% after October 1st

Do not treat for aphids in cereals after
the soft dough stage. Aphid populations
decrease rapidly as heads mature.
Birdcberry*oat aphid and greenbug
vector barley yellow dwarf virus.
Greenbug injects a toxin that stunts
plants.

Armyworm

Barley thrips

Mean of 7.5 thrips per stem based on a sample size
of 50 stems, chemical control = $5.75/ac and
market value = $ 1.90/bushel

Infestations of one thrip per stem have
caused losses of 0.4 - 1 .25 bushels/ac.

Cutworms
Pale western
Red-backed

3 - 4/m^

5 - 6/m^ moisture

8.4 PWC larvae/m^ caused 25% loss in
wheat; 30 PWC larvae/m^ caused 1 00%
yield loss. PWC and RBC: well
established crops with good moisture
can tolerate higher numbers.

European com borer

Dryland grain corn: when 50% of plants show leaf feeding

Grain stink bug

Wheat: 1 per head caused losses greater than 30%

Grasshoppers

1 3/m^ in fields or 25/m^ in roadsides

Hessian fly

None available

Several larvae per plant may kill barley
and wheat.

Orange wheat
blossom midge

1 adult seen per every 4 - 5 heads of wheat

Infestations of 30, 60 and 90% reduced
spring wheat yields by 40, 65 and 80%
respectively in Saskatchewan.

Wheat stem sawfly

None available

Plant resistant varieties if 10 - 15% of

the previous crop was cut by sawfly.
Infested stems of wheat averaged 1 7%
yield loss.

323

Insecticides

1 Economic Thresholds for Insect Pests of Oilseed Crops I

Insect

Economic threshold

Comments

Aphids

Canola: rarely a problem

Flax: 8-10 aphids per stem at green boll stage

Aphids on the top 10 - 1 5 cm of canola
plants near the end of flowering do not
cause yield losses.

Army cutworm

Seedling mustard: less than 5/m^

Bertha armyworm

20 larvae/m^ consume 65 kg
Argentine canola seed/ha

Economic threshold for Polish canola
types is likely 25% less than for
Argentine.

Diamondback moth

200 - 300 larvae/m^ in canola; if leaves are on plants,
feeding on pods is limited

Threshold may be Imver for Polish than
for Argentine type canolas. Timing of
the infestation also influences the
threshold.

Flea beetles

50% leaf tissue consumed; less if growing and
moisture conditions are poor

Damage is usually most severe along field
margins and frequently only field margins
require treatment.

Lygus bug

Canola: 1 .5 and 2.0 lygus bugs per sweep at the end
of bloom and early pod development, respectively
(crop stage 4.4 and 5.1 )

Threshold during pod ripening (crop stage 5.2)
appears to be greater than 3 per sweep

A threshold for the bud stage has not
been determined. Experience in 1 998
indicates that heavy adult numbers can
cause severe bud blast under dry, hot
conditions. At least 10 sets of
1 5 sweeps, each taken anywhere in a
field, are necessary to have an accurate
assessment of Lygus numbers. Controls
should not be required within 10 days of
swathing.

Sunflower beetle

1 adult per 2 - 3 seedlings or over 10 larvae
per plant

Severe leaf damage may occur to plants
in the 2-6 leaf stage when adults are
numerous, or at any time when larvae
are numerous.

Sunflower maggots

None established

Sunflower midge

Losses are more severe around field edges; estimate
losses by sampling heads and classifying them on the
degree of head distortion

Sunflower seed
weevils (grey & red)

Confectionery sunflower; 1 adult per head

Oil sunflower: 10-12 seed weevil adults per head

(R - 5.1 stage). Re-infestation may occur
with a high weevil population. Re-check
fields when 80 - 100% of heads are at
the R - 5.5 stage.

Apply treatment at early anthesis when

30 - 70% of sunflower heads are in early
pollen formation.

324

Insecticide Group Classification by Mode of Action

Mode of action

Chemical family

Active ingredients

found in

Group 1A, IB

Acetylcholinesterase

Carbamates

carbaryl

ECO Bait, Sevin XtR-Ptus

inhibitors. These

(Group 1A}

carbofuran

Furadan

chemicals inhibit an

methomyl

Lannate

enzyme, interrupting

Organophosphates

acephate

Orthene 75%

the transmission of

(Group 18}

azinphos-methyl

Guthion, Sniper

nerve impulses.

chlorpyrifos

Lorsban 4E, Nufos 4E, Pyrinex 480 EC

Chlorpyrifos 480 EC

diazinon

Agrox B-2*, Agrox CD*, DCT*

dimethoate

Clean Crop Lagon, Cygon 4E,

Cygon 480, Cygon Hopper Stopper,
Dimethoate Plus

malathion

Fyfanon 50% EC, Malathion

methamidophos

Monitor

naled

Oibrom

phorate

Thimet

phosmet

Imidan 50-WP Instapak

terbufos

Counter

trichlorfon

Oylox

Group 2A

These chemicals

Chlorinated

endosulfan

Endosulfan, Thiodan, Thionex EC

interfer with GABA
receptors of insect
neurons, leading to
repetitive nervous
damage.

cyclodienes

Group 3

These chemicals act

Synthetic

cyhalothrin-lambda

Matador 120EC

as a axonic poison

pyrethroids

cypermethrin

Cymbush, Ripcord

by interfering with the

deltamethrin

Decis

nervous system,
leading to paralysis.

permethrin

Pounce

Group 4

These chemicals

Ghloronicotines

clothianidin

Poncho Prosper*

binds to nicotinic

imidacloprid

Admire, Gaucho 480*, Gaucho CS FL*

acetylcholine receptor,

Genesis

disrupting nerve
transmission.

thiamethoxam

Helix*. Helix XTra*

Group 8B

Unknown

Fumigant

aluminum phosphide

Phostoxin

* Contains insecticide and fungicide combination.

325

Insecticides

10.

11.

Admire (imidacloprid)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

Formulations: Flowable; 240 g/L; 1 L; 3.785 L.

Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: To prepare the spray, add a portion of the required amount of water to the spray
tank and, with agitation, add Admire Flowable. Complete filling the tank with the balance of water needed.
Maintain sufficient agitation during both mixing and application.

Crops: Potatoes.

Insects Controlled: Foliar application: Buckhory aphid, Colorado potato beetle, foxglove aphid, green peach
aphid, potato aphid, potato flea beetle.

Soil application: Buckhory aphid, Colorado potato beetle, foxglove aphid, green peach aphid, potato aphid,
potato flea beetle, potato leaf hopper.

When Used:

Foliar application: A maximum of two foliar applications of Admire may be made per season.

Soil application: For best results, direct spray on the seed pieces or seed potatoes in the furrow. The
higher rate is recommended when extended length of control is needed.

One, in-furrow soil application of Admire where high Colorado potato beetle populations are expected is
allowable; foliar applications of Admire cannot be applied in fields where in-furrow treatment has been used
earlier in the same season. Up to a maximum of 2 foliar applications of Admire 240 can be applied where
field population monitoring indicates the need and precise timing for treatment.

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Soil application: 7.5 - 12 mL per 100 meter row or 345 mL to 525 mL per acre based on 90 meter row.

Foliar application: 80 mL/ac.

Water volume: Water volume should be adequate to provide sufficient coverage.

Application Tips: For best results during soil application, direct spray on the seed pieces or seed potatoes in
the furrow.

How it Works: Admire is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide.

Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not apply to within 15 metres of wellheads or aquatic
systems, including marshes, ponds, ditches, streams, lakes, etc. Do not apply to terrain where there is a
potential for surface runoff to enter aquatic systems. Do not apply when rainfall is forecast for the next
48 hours. Do not mix, load or clean spray equipment within 30 metres of wellheads or aquatic systems. Do
not apply this product through any type of irrigation system. Do not re-enter treated areas for 24 hours
after foliar application of Admire.

Toxicity: Acute oral toxicity LD^^ (rats) = 4,143 - 4,870 mg/kg. Dermal toxicity LD^^ (rabbits) ^ 200 mg/kg.
Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes of Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Harmful if
swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Applicators and other
handlers must wear long-sleeved shirt and long pants, waterproof gloves, shoes and socks. Follow
manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). If no such
instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.

326

Admire (cont'd)

Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove clothing
immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove personal
protective equipment immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing.
As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention if
irritation occurs. If on skin, wash thoroughly with soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation
occurs. If swallowed, contact a Poison Control Centre or a physician. Drink one or two glasses of water
and induce vomiting by touching back of throat with finger, or, if available, by administering syrup of ipecac.
If syrup of ipecac is available, administer 15 mb (1 tablespoon) of syrup of ipecac followed by 1 to 2 glasses
of water. If vomiting does not occur within 20 minutes, repeat the dose once. Do not induce vomiting or give
anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

For physician: No specific antidote is available. Treat the patient symptomatically.

1 2. Storage: Store in cool, dry place and in such a manner as to prevent cross contamination with other
pesticides, fertilizers, food and feed. Store in original container and out of reach of children.

13. Resistance Management: Admire insecticide contains a Group 4 insecticide. Any insect population may
contain individuals naturally resistant to Admire and other Group 4 insecticides. The resistant individuals
may dominate the insect population if this group of insecticides is used repeatedly in the same fields. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

Counter (terbufosj

Group 1 B

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

DANGER POISON

1 . Formulations: Granular: Counter 5G; 5%; 20 kg bag, 500 kg mini-bulk bag;

Counter 15G; 15%; 20 kg lock and load.

2. Registered Mixes: 5G may be mixed with fungicide-treated seed.

3. Crops: 5G: Canola, mustard. 15G: Field corn, sugar beets, sweet corn.

4. Insects Controlled: 5G: Flea beetles. 15G: Seedcom maggot, sugar beet root maggot, wireworms.

Insect reduction in feeding: 5G: Cabbage root maggots.

5. When Used:

Canola, mustard: At planting.

Corn, sugar beets: At planting time.

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment. May be applied with airseeders.

Rate: If extreme infestations of flea beetles are anticipated, use the higher rate.

Crop

Insect

Formulation

kg/ac

Canola, mustard

Flea beetles, root maggots

2.2 -4.5

Field corn,

Northern corn rootworm.

15G

75g/100mrow

svireet corn

seedcorn maggot, Western corn
rootworm, wireworms

(minimum 75 cm

row spacing)

Sugar beet

Sugar beet root maggot, wireworms

15G

45 g/100 m row
{minimum 50 cm

row spacing)

327

Insecticides

Counter (cont'd)

Incorporation:

Canola, mustard: Counter 5G and seed may be mixed at seeding time. Use a mechanical mixer or mix in
the drill box. Do not handle with bare hands.

Corn: Place in an 18 cm- wide band over the row directly behind the planter shoe in front of the press
wheel, or place directly in the seed furrow behind the planter shoe.

Sugar beets: Apply in furrow, 5 - 8 cm behind the seed drop zone after some soil has covered the seed. Do
not place 15G granules in direct contact with seed.

7. Application Tips: when a seed treatment is also used - mix the seed treatment with seed, then mix granules
with treated seed. Empty hoppers of equipment while still in the field. Cover granules that may be exposed
on the ends of the treated rows, turns and field loading or cleaning areas.

8. How it Works: Counter is a systemic, organophosphorus insecticide with effective initial and residual
activity.

Effects of rainfall: The effect of normal rainfall is not appreciable.

Movement in soil: Insoluble in water, therefore, movement is not appreciable.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Treated sugar beet tops and beet pulp may be fed to livestock
after harvest.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) - technical 1.6 mg/kg. Highly toxic to fish,
birds and other wildlife. Rapidly absorbed through skin. Repeated inhalation or skin contact may, without
symptoms, progressively increase susceptibility to poisoning.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes of Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Keep out
of reach of children and animals. Rapidly absorbed through skin. Repeated inhalation or skin contact
may, without symptoms, progressively increase susceptibility to poisoning. Counter 15G - pour downwind,
allow as little free fall as possible. Do not pour at face level. Sweep up granules and place in a tightly closed,
labelled container. Contact BASF Canada to obtain details on how to detoxify product.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention for eyes. If inhaled, remove
to fresh air. If person is not breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen. If swallowed, seek medical attention immediately.

Symptoms of poisoning: Weakness, headache, tightness of chest, blurred vision, non-reactive pinpoint
pupils, salivation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal cramps. Call a physician at once
in all cases of suspected poisoning. In emergency endangering life or property, call collect day or
night, 1-800-454-2673. Antidote is atropine. Consult your physician about obtaining a supply of
0.65 milligram tablets for emergency use.

Caution: Seed treated with this product is extremely hazardous to livestock. Livestock can be poisoned
due to improper storage, improper drill clean-out or improper disposal of treated seed. Never store this
insecticide or treated seed in any area accessible to livestock. Clean seed drills away from areas accessible to
livestock, and clean up all treated seed spills immediately. Excess treated seed should be disposed of by
double planting.

Highly flammable: Fine airborne dust can cause an explosion.

Decontamination: All mixing equipment must be rinsed with the decontamination solution.
Decontamination solution: Wash the surface with the decontamination solution prepared by mixing
9 L of water with 1 L of commercial bleach and 0.5 L of rubbing alcohol. Rinse with clean water. If spills
occur on floor areas, use a sweeping compound to clean up. Decontaminate the waste with decontamination
solution. Wash floor with decontamination solution and rinse well with clean water. Clean up solution and
rinse water with absorbent materials such as sawdust, sweeping compound, rags, etc. Dispose of the
contaminated absorbent material in accordance with provincial requirements.

12. Storage: store open bags in labelled, sealed drums or heavy plastic bags.

328

Cygon 4E/Cygon 480/
Cygon Hopper Stopper/
Clean Crop Lagon/
Dimethoate Plus (dimethoate)

Group IB

Manufacturer; Interprovinciat Co-operatives/United Agrt Products/Peacack tndustries/Cheminova Canada

WARNING POISON

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Cygon 4E: 480 g/L; 4 L. Cygon 480; 480 g/L; 10 L. Clean Crop
Lagon 480; 480 g/L; 10 L. Dimethoate Plus; 400g/L; 10 L. Hopper Stopper bran bait; 5.2% 20 kg box.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: See crop/insect controlled and rate chart.

4. Insects Controlled: See crop/insect controlled and rate chart.

5. When Used: Apply when economic damage is apparent. Repeat if necessary.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Use lower rate for young insects, minor infestations or sparse foliage; higher rate for adult insects
(beetles and winged grasshoppers), severe infestations or dense foliage.

Crop

insect controlled

Rate mL/ac

Clean Crop Lagon 480

Alfalfa (hay or seed)

Plant bugs

444

Beans

Aphids, bean beetles, leaf hoppers, leaf miners, mites

283 ’ 404

Canary grass

Aphids

202

Flax

Potato aphids

177

Peas

Aphids

111- 172

Potatoes

Aphids, leafhoppers

222 - 444

Safflower

Grasshoppers (nymphs and adults)

222 - 404

Oimethoate Plus

Alfalfa ,

Lygus bug, plant bug, potato leaf hopper

344 - 407

Pea aphids, grasshoppers

212

Beans

Aphids, bean beetles, leaf hoppers, leaf miners, lygus bugs.

344 - 505

tarnished plant bug

Cereals

Grasshoppers*

212-484

Say's stink bug

283

Forage crops and

Grasshoppers*

212-484

pastures

Sweet clover weevil

484 - 606

Peas

142-212

Potatoes

Aphids, leaf hoppers

283

* Use higher rate if mature grasshoppers present.

329

Insecticides

Cygon 4E/Cygon 480/Cygon Hopper Stopper/Clean Crop Lagon/Dimethoate Plus (cont'd)

Crop

Insect controlled

Rate ml/ac

Cygon 4E

Alfalfa, forage

Aphids, leafhoppers, lygus bugs, reduction of alfalfa weevil larvae.

172

crops, pastures,

young grasshoppers

waste areas

Adult or winged grasshoppers

344

Sweet clover weevil

344 - 444

Beans

Aphids, bean beetles, leaf hopper, leaf miner, lygus bugs, mites,
tarnished plant bugs

283 - 404

Peas

Aphids

in - 172

Potatoes

Aphids, leafhopper

222 - 444

Cygon 480

Alfalfa

Aphids, leafhoppers, lygus bugs, reduction of alfalfa weevil

171

Blotch leafminers, grasshopper (nymphs)

222

Grasshopper (adults)

344 ^ 364

Alfalfa (seed production)

Lygus bugs, plant bugs

444

Alsike clover, red clover,
sweet clover

Sweet clover weevil

344 - 444

Barley, oats, wheat

Aphids, thrips

404

Russian wheat aphids (suppression)

172

Beans

Aphids, bean beetles, leaf hopper, leaf miner, lygus bugs, mites,
tarnished plant bugs

283 > 404

Canary grass

Aphids

202

(seed production)

Canola

Aphids, grasshoppers, leafhoppers

344 - 364

Flax

Potato aphids

173

Forage crops

Lygus bugs, plant bugs

172

(grasses, hay.

Grasshopper (low infestation)

172

clover, trefoil)

Grasshoppers (nymphs)

222

Grasshoppers (adults)

344 - 404

Pasture, wasteland

Grasshopper (nymphs)

222

Grasshopper (adults)

344 - 444

Peas

Aphids

111 - 172

Potatoes

Aphids, leafhopper

222 - 444

Safflower

Grasshoppers

222 - 404

Wheat

Orange blossom midge, say's stinkbug

404

Cygon Hopper Stopper Bran Bait

Cereals, forages.

Grasshoppers

323 - 449 g/

roadsides, waste areas

Note: Check product label to ensure the registration for a pest insect is covered by the company.

Water volume: 18 L/ac for good coverage. Potatoes: 80 L/ac minimum; Safflowers: 9 L/ac.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

7. Application Tips: Not suitable for application in oil. Do not use when bees are foraging. When using foliar
sprays, do not apply during heat of the day or when temperatures are excessively high.

330

Cygon 4E/Cygon 480/Cygon Hopper Stopper/Clean Crop Lagon/Dimethoate Plus (cont'd)

8. How it Works: Dimethoate is a broad-spectrum - systemic and contact - organophosphate insecticide and
acaricide.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not treat when bees are foraging. Do not apply to
crops such as alfalfa when in full bloom. Remove cattle prior to spraying.

Preharvest intervals (days): Alfalfa and forage crops: 171 - 222 mL/ac (2), 344 - 364 (28), beans (7),
canary grass (21), canola (21), clover (28), peas (3), potatoes (7), safflower (21), wheat (21).

Grazing restrictions (days): Beans do not feed or allow livestock to graze treated forage. Alfalfa and
forage crops 171 - 222 mL/ac (2), 344 - 364 (28), canola (21), clover (21), pasture waste land (28),
peas (21), wheat (7).

Maximum allowable applications per season: Alfalfa seed (1), canola (repeat only when necessary),
flax (1), safflower (2).

1 0. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 500 - 680 mg/kg,

technical = 180 - 336 mg/kg. Highly toxic to birds, bees and other animals. Can be absorbed through the
skin. Do not use when bees are foraging.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pinpoint pupils, excessive salivation, muscle
twitching, convulsions or coma.

Notes to physician: Dimethoate is a cholinesterase inhibitor and an organophosphate insecticide.
Atropinize slowly to avoid cardiac arrest. Avoid aspiration and respiratory depressants.

Decontamination: Spills, scrub contaminated area immediately with a strong laundry soap solution or
use household lye - detergents are not satisfactory. Repeated scrubbings are necessary on plain wood
surfaces.

1 2. Storage: Store between 5°C and 30°C, away from feed and food.

Decis (deltamethrin)

mMBSESm

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Decis 5 EC; 50 g/L; 2.0 L jugs. Flowable; Decis 5 F; 50 g/L;

3 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Hoe-Grass II, Hoe-Grass 284. Banvel, Buctril M, 2,4-D, MCPA, Pardner, Stampede,
Puma^^° Super, Puma^^° Super -I- Buctril M.

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix with any other chemicals, additives or fertilizers.

3. Crops:

Decis 5 EC: Alfalfa (for seed production only), barley, canola, fence rows, field corn, flax, lentils, mustard,
oats, pastures, potatoes, rangeland, roadsides, sugar beets, sunflowers, wheat (all types).

Decis 5 F: Barley, canola, flax, lentils, mustard, oats, pastures, rangeland, wheat (all t)^es).

331

Insecticides

Decis (cont'd)

potato flea beetle
sunflower beetle
tarnished plant bug

4. Insects Controlled:

Decis 5 EC

alfalfa weevil Colorado potato beetle flea beetles

Bertha armyworm cutworms grasshoppers

cabbage seedpod weevil diamondback moth leafhoppers

clover cutworm European corn borer lygus bugs

Decis 5 F; Only flea beetles and grasshoppers.

5. When Used: when economic damage is apparent. Grasshoppers: Best results on young (non-flying)
grasshoppers (2 - 4 nymphal stage). Sunflower beetle: When crop is in cotyledon to 2 leaf stage. European
corn borer: Apply when egg masses begin to hatch. Consult your crop specialists for appropriate spray
schedule.

Number of applications: Maximum of 1 per year on Bertha armyworm, cutworms, diamondback moth,
potato flea beetle, sunflower beetle. Other pests, maximum of 3 per year. Only 1 aerial application per year
except for grasshoppers and potato pests, which can be sprayed twice per year by air.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft: Decis 5 EC and 5 F: Barley, canola, flax, lentils, mustard, oats, pastures, rangeland, wheat.
Decis 5 EC only: potatoes, sunflowers. Ground equipment: All crops.

Rate: Use a higher rate for severe infestations, when foliage is dense or when grasshoppers are in the late
nymphal or adult stage.

Crop

Alfalfa (seed production only)
Barley, flax, oats, pasture,
rangeland, sugar beets, wheat
Canola, mustard, rapeseed

Field corn
Flax

Sunflowers
Sweet corn

I r- ' -

Crop

Barley, flax, lentils, oats, pastures
rangeland, roadside, wheat
Canola, mustard

Insects

Alfalfa weevil, lygus bugs
Cutworms '

Grasshoppers

Bertha armyworm, clover cutworm,
diamondback moth, flea beetles
cabbage seed pod weevil
lygus bug

European corn borer
Beet webworm, clover cutworm
Colorado potato beetle, leafhoppers,
potato flea beetle, tarnished plant
Buckthorn aphid, potato aphid
Sunflower beetle

. European com borer, com ean/vorm

bug

■

Grasshoppers

Flea beetles

Decis 5 EC miyac

80-100

40 - 60
40 - 60

100-120

40-60

100

100-120

40-60

Note: Decis 5 EC on high organic (muck) soils: apply 80 mL/ac. Apply only once during each crop year,
prior to August 1.

Water volume: Air: Decis 5 EC and 5 F: 4.4 - 8.8 L/ac. Ground: Decis 5 EC: Alfalfa 40 - 120 L/ac;
Field corn 100 L/ac minimum; Potatoes 80 - 200 L/ac. Decis 5 EC and 5 F: Canola, mustard 40 L/ac;
Cereals 40 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: Air: 200 kPa minimum. Ground: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Aerial droplet size 150 - 250 micron recommended. Flat fan only.

Decis 5 F: 50 mesh or larger line strainers and screens.

332

Decis (cont'd)

7. Application Tips:

Air application: Leave 100 m border between edge of treated fields and environmentally sensitive areas
(e.g. wetlands, sloughs, rivers, houses, farm buildings). Best control is achieved by morning or evening
applications. Do not spray under a strong temperature inversion or when temperature exceeds 25°C. With
severe flea beetle and grasshopper infestations, spray fence rows and a 15 m strip into adjacent
summerfallow and cropped fields. For grasshoppers use high EC rate only.

8. How it Works: Deltamethrin is a non-systemic, synthetic p)n'ethroid that works by contact and ingestion.
Expected results: Speed of kill depends on target insect and environmental conditions, and death can
occur within 2 hours.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply within 1 hour of rain.

Movement in soil: Becomes fixed on soil colloidal particles and broken down by micro-organisms.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Alfalfa (20), barley (40),
canola (7), flax (40), lentils (30), mustard (7), oats (31), potatoes (3), sunflower (70), wheat (40).
Grazing: Barley, field corn, flax, oats, sweet corn: Do not allow beef cattle to graze treated fields within
1 day of application.

Maximum allowable applications per year: Alfalfa for seed production only (1); field and sweet corn
for European corn borer (3); sweet corn for corn earworm and European corn borer (2 - one of which may
be by air); barley, flax, oats, wheat for grasshopper (3); strawberries (2).

Warning: Do not allow dairy cattle to graze Decis SEC treated fields. Do not allow beef or dairy cattle to
graze treated fields of sweet corn within 1 day of application.

Feeding: Do not feed treated silage or stubble of field and seed corn to dairy cattle. Do not feed harvested
alfalfa forage within 90 days of harvest.

1 0. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) Decis = 395 mg/kg. Severe eye and skin
irritant. Very toxic to aquatic organisms and fish. Toxic to bees and other beneficial insects. Do not apply
when bees are foraging.

Caution: Studies have shown that synthetic pyrethroid insecticides can be 1,000 - 10,000 times more toxic
to fish than many other insecticides in common use. Careless use of these insecticides can seriously harm
sport and commercial fisheries. Entry of these insecticides into small wetlands such as prairie sloughs can
affect invertebrate life that is needed for waterfowl reproduction and fish farming. Maintain a minimum
30 metre buffer for ground application and a minimum 100 metre buffer for aerial application.

Applications should not be made when wind or rain could favour drift or run-off into lakes, ponds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Neurological dysfunction, such as convulsion, with severe poisoning.

12. Storage: Do not store below freezing. Do not store near feed or food. Keep away from heat, sparks and open
flames.

333

Insecticides

Dibrom (naled)

Group IB

Manufacture: United Agri Products

1. Formulations: 864g/L formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate. Container size: 2 x 9.46 L.

2. Registered Mixes: This product is compatible with most insecticide and fungicide formulations. Do not use
with alkaline materials such as lime or bordeaux.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, beans, clover, field areas, pastures, potato, rangeland, sugar beats, vetch.

4. Insects Controlled: Aphids, Colorado potato beetles, flea beetles, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, loopers, lygus
bugs.

5. When Used: Begin application at first sign of insects. Repeat as necessary.

6. How to Apply: Apply Dibrom by ground or air. Use designated amounts in full volumes of water.

Ground application: Dilute with water to 100 - 300 L/ha unless otherwise stated.

Aerial application: Unless otherwise stated, dilute with water to 10 - 30 L/ha when aerial application is
specified.

Rates:

Alfalfa, clover, vetch Aphids, leafhoppers, loopers, 445 - 890 mL/ac Use ground or aerial application,

lygus bugs

Beans, Alfalfa looper, aphids, 445 - 890 mL/ac

peas for processing red spider mites
Potatoes Colorado potato beetle, flea beetle, 445 ml/ac

Use ground or aerial application.
Use ground or aerial application.

Sugar beets

Dairies, field areas,
pastures, range land

Leafhoppers, red spider mites
Grasshoppers

890 mL/ac

Young hoppers:

222 - 344 mL/ac
Arkiit grasshoppers;
283 - 404 mL/ac

Do not apply within 5 days of
harvest. Use ground application.
Use ground or aerial application.

Note: Grasshoppers - add sufficient water to give a thorough cover and contact spray. Effect of Dibrom may
be observed within a few hours. If grasshoppers move in from surrounding areas, repeat treatment as
required. Animals may be present during treatment. Use ground or aerial application.

Corrals, adjacent pastures, holding pens (beef and dairy cattle, hogs, horses, sheep): Adult
houseflies, mosquitoes - Airplane application - use 110 - 275 mL of Dibrom per hectare (110 - 275 g ai/ha).
Dilute 1.5 - 3 L in 100 L water. Apply 9 L diluted spray/ha. Apply over areas with animals present. Repeat as
necessary to maintain pest control. To supplement control, treat buildings and protected areas with a space
spray, with rotating motion for 2 minutes. Scatter resulting bait on floors, window sills and loading docks in
barns, kennels, around garbage cans, refuse areas and other places where flies congregate. Use 90 - 125 g/
100 m^. Repeat as necessary. Bait will remain effective for 2 or 3 weeks. Keep in closed container.

7. Application Tips: Thorough coverage required. Do not apply when temperature is over 32°C.

8. How it Works: Works through contact action.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not apply to food or forage crops within 4 days of harvest or
grazing.

334

Dibrom (cont'd)

10. Toxicity; This product is an organic phosphate insecticide. If symptoms of cholinesterase inhibition appear,
atropine sulfate by injection is antidotal. 2-PAM is also antidotal and may be administered, but only in
conjunction with atropine.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Concentrate may cause skin damage. Do not get on skin, eyes or clothing. Use
waterproof gloves and face shield or goggles when handling concentrate. Harmful if swallowed. Avoid
breathing spray mist. Avoid contamination of feed, foodstuffs and drinking water. Do not use or store near
heat or open flame. May corrode metal spray equipment. Wash equipment thoroughly after use. May be toxic
to bees; avoid application during periods of bee activity. If this pest control product is to be used on a
commodity that may be exported to the U.S. and you require information on acceptable residue levels in the
U.S., contact 1-866-375-4648 or www.cropro.org/. This product contains a petroleum distillate that is
moderately to highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid contamination of aquatic systems during application.
Do not contaminate these systems through direct application, disposal of waste or cleaning equipment.

In case of accidental contact, immediately remove clothing and wash thoroughly; for eyes and skin, wash
thoroughly and get medical attention or contact a Poison Control Centre. If swallowed, immediately call a
doctor or contact a Poison Control Centre. If conscious, give a large amount of water to drink and make
person vomit. Take container, label or product name and pest control product registration number with you
when seeking medical attention. Keep out of reach of children.

12. Storage: Do not reuse this container for any purpose. This is a recyclable container and is to be disposed of
at a container collection site. Contact your local distributor/dealer or municipality for the location of the
nearest collection site. Before taking the container to the collection site:

1. Triple or pressure-rinse the empty container. Add the rinsings to the spray mixture in the tank.

2. Make the empty, rinsed container unsuitable for further use. If there is no container collection site in your
area, dispose of the container in accordance with provincial requirements. For information on disposal of
unused, unwanted product, contact the manufacturer or the provincial regulatory agency. Contact the
manufacturer and the provincial regulatory agency in case of a spill and for cleanup of spills.

Pylox (trichlorfon)

Group IB

Manufacturer: Bayer CropSctence

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Solution; 420 g/L; 20 L container; 100 L drum.

2. Registered Mixes:

Mixing instructions: Use immediately after mixing as the product breaks down rapidly in water,
especially at pH above 7.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, barley, canola, dry beans, field corn, flax, lima beans, oats, popcorn, snap beans, sugar beets,
sweet com, wheat.

4. Insects Controlled:

alfalfa caterpillar
alfalfa webworm
beet armyworm
beet webworm

Bertha armyworm
common armyworm
diamondback moth
dipterous leaf miner

imported cabbageworm
lygus bugs
stink bugs
tarnished plant bug

true armyworm

variegated cutworms

western yellow-striped armyworm

335

Insecticides

Dylox (cont'd)

5. When Used:

Alfalfa: Do not apply to alfalfa 48 hours before or after a period when the temperature drops below 5°C or
a frost occurs.

Barley, flax, oats, wheat: Apply prior to flowering or head emergence. Do not apply to flax after
flowering. One additional application may be made to barley, oats and wheat after head emergence from leaf
sheath. Repeat as necessary.

Dry beans, lima beans, snap beans: Do not apply within 14 days of harvest. Do not apply to lima
beans after pod set. Repeat as necessary.

Canola: Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. Repeat as necessary.

Field corn, sweet popcorn: Early application - apply when plants are 8 - 30 cm high.

Late application - up to day of harvest.

Sweet corn: Make 2 foliar applications a week apart in early to mid July. Applications may be made up to
day of harvest.

Note: Do not make a total of more than 3 applications per season to any one crop of corn.

Sugar beets: Do not apply within 14 days of harvest. Repeat as necessary.

6. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Low rate for immature insects, light infestations or sparse foliage.

Exception: Webworm control on sugar beets - use higher rate with low volume air application, low rate
with row crop sprayers.

Crop

lyac

Alfalfa

Alfalfa caterpillar

0.4 - 0.6

Alfalfa webworm

0.28-1.1

Beet armyworm, vari gated cutworm

0.6- 1.1

Lygus bugs, stink bugs, tarnished plant bug

1.1

Barley, flax, oats, wheat

Common armyworm, true armyworm, western yellow-striped armyworm

0.6

Beet webworm, varigated cutworm

0.6 -1.1

Bertha armyworm

1.1

Beans

Armyworms, dipterous leaf miner,

Imported cabbageworm, lygus bugs, stink bug

1.1 -1.6

Canola

Beet webworm

0.6

Diamondback moth

0.55

Field corn, sweet corn

Armyworms, cutworms

0.6 -1.1

Sugar beets

Beet webworm

Dipterous leaf miners, varigated cutworm

0.28-0.6

Alfalfa webworm, beet armyworm

1.1 -1.6

7. Application Tips: Trichlorfon is a selective insecticide: beneficial insect species are less affected. This
selective advantage is lost when product is used in conjunction with or alternated with non-selective
pesticides.

Corn: For early applications to control armyworms and cutworms, spray when plants are 8 - 30 cm high,
and direct the spray to the lower portions of the plant. Later applications may be made as full coverage. Do
not apply to or allow spray drift onto varieties of sorghum that are sensitive to phosphates.

8. How it Works: Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide that works by contact and ingestion.

336

Dylox (cont'd)

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest or pre-grazing interval (days): Alfalfa (14); barley,
flax, oats, wheat (21); beans (14); canola (21); corn (0); sugar beets (14). Re-entry interval: Do not enter
treated areas until 24 hours after application.

Sugar beets: Do not feed tops harvested within 28 days of treatment. Do not re-enter treated areas for
24 hours after applicaiton.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 144 mg/kg,

80% Powder = 470 mg/kg. Liquid solution = 950 mg/kg. Can cause eye damage and be absorbed through
the skin. Intake can cause respiratory failure. Do not apply when bees are actively foraging.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Symptoms of poisoning: Tightness in the chest, sweating, contracted pupils, stomach pains, vomiting
and diarrhea.

For physician: Antidote is atropine sulphate administered in large therapeutic doses, repeated as
necessary to the point of tolerance. 2-PAM is also antidotal and may be administered in conjunction with
atropine. Do not give morphine.

12. Storage: Store above 0°C and away from excessive heat and open flame. Store in an area specially
designated for pesticides. Do not store near any material intended for use or consumption by humans or
animals.

ECO Bait (carbaryl)

Group 1 A

Manufacturer: Peacock Industries )nc.

1 . Formulations: 2% carbaryl ; 20 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Cereal crops, forages, pasture, roadsides, waste areas.

4. Insects Controlled: Grasshoppers.

5. When Used: Apply when pest emergence is at its peak and grasshopper populations are above the economic
threshold. Repeat application only as necessary, but not more frequently than once a week during periods of
heavy infestation and once every two weeks during moderate to low infestation

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: 0.8 - 1.6 kg/ac. Note: The higher rate should be used for older grasshoppers or severe infestation

7. Application Tips: Timing and good coverage are essential for effective control. Do not apply within

50 meters of sloughs, ponds, streams, dugouts or open water. Apply when winds are between 3 - 8 kph and
do not favor drift.

337

Insecticides

ECO Bait (cont'd)

8. How it Works: A carbamate insecticide that works by contact and ingestion. Moderate to rapid in speed of
action with moderate to long residual effectiveness (2 days to 4 weeks) depending on crop/pest complex,
formulation and climatic conditions.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply just before rain.

Movement in soil: None.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest or pre-grazing interval (days): Barley, sweet white
lupin (28); canola (treat only seedling); beans (5); oats, rye, wheat (14); field corn, sweet (1); alfalfa,
clovers (2), forage crops (2); field borders, headlands, rights-of-way; roadsides, wasteland (0). Livestock re-
entry period to pasture or rangeland (days): Beef cattle or other livestock (1), dairy cattle (2).

10. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD50 (rats) = 540 mg/kg. Although carbaryl is
toxic to honey bees, presence of ECO Bait on flowering crops such as alfalfa and clover will not harm
foraging honey or leafcutter bees.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Can be absorbed through the skin. Ensure the residue on the plants is dry before
foraging begins. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat,
goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition,
wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information).
Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Symptoms of poisoning: Salivation, tearing, urination, defecation, pinpoint pupils, muscle spasms,
general muscular weakness, nausea, prostration, convulsions.

For physician: Carbaryl insecticide is a moderate, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropine is
antidotal. Do not use 2-PAM opiates or cholinesterase inhibiting drugs.

12. Storage: Store away from food and feed.

1 3. Resistance Management: Carbaryl is a Group lA insecticide. Any insect population may contain
individuals naturally resistant to carbaryl and other Group lA insecticides. The resistant individuals can
dominate the insect population if these insecticides are used repeatedly. These resistant insects will not be
controlled by carbaryl or other insecticides.

Furadan (carbofuran)

Group 1A

Manufacturer: Bayer CropSctence

DANGER POISON

1 . Formulations: Flowable; Furadan 480; 480 g/L; 4 x 4 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: Furadan 480: all formulations of 2,4-D and MCPA (use only on crops listed on both
labels). Compatible with most fungicides. Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or hydrated lime.

3. Crops:

canola mustard silage corn

field corn potatoes sugar beets

4. Insects Controlled:

aphids flea beetles

Colorado potato beetle leafhoppers

European corn borer potato flea beetle

sweet corn

potato leafhopper
sugar beet root maggot
tarnished plant bug

338

Furadan (cont'd)

5. When Used:

Aphids, Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, potato leafhopper, tarnished plant bug:

Apply as soon as insects reach threshold level.

European corn borer: No later than when first feeding is seen on foliage. Follow provincial
recommendations based on the moth flight monitoring program. For second brood borers in late planting,
apply before tassels show.

Flea beetles: Apply about 2 weeks after seeding or when insects are noticeable.

Sugar beet root maggots: Apply at the very early stage of root maggot activity, usually the first week in
June. Application must be followed with light sprinkle irrigation to incorporate Furadan.

Sunflower beetle: Apply when these insects are first noticeable. Do not apply after plants are more than
60 cm in height or after heads have started to form.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft (excluding potatoes) or ground equipment.

Rate:

Crop

Insects

ml/ac

Canolai mustard

Flea beetles

Red turnip beetle

111

Field corn, silage corn, sweet corn

European com borer

445

Potatoes

Potato flea beetle, potato leafhopper;

445

tarnished plant bug

Colorado potato beetle

225

Sugar beets

Sugar beet root maggot

950

Sunflower

Sunflower beetle

111

Water volume: Air: 8 L/ac minimum. Ground: 40 L/ac minimum. Potatoes: 325 - 405 L/ac. Use sufficient
water for thorough coverage.

Sugar beets: 80 L/ac as a drench over the row followed by a light sprinkler irrigation to incorporate
Furadan into the soil.

Pressure: Potatoes: 275 kPa minimum.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

7. Application Tips: Check fields shortly after emergence. Boom sprayers: equip with hydraulic or mechanical
agitation and 50 mesh screens; remove any felt filters.

8. How it Works: Carbofuran is a broad-spectrum, carbamate insecticide, acaricide and nematicide.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval or pre-grazing interval (days):

Canola (60); corn (7); mustard (21), potatoes (7); sunflower (60).

Pre-grazing interval: Corn (3).

Maximum allowable application per season: Corn, potatoes, sunflower (2).

Sugar beet tops and pulp may be fed to beef and dairy cattle without causing residues in meat or milk.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 11 mg/kg,

Flowable 480 = 38 mg/kg. Highly toxic to bees, waterfowl, birds, fish and other wildlife.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

339

Insecticides

Furadan (cont'd)

Symptoms of poisoning: Blurred vision, nausea, excessive perspiration, weakness, headache, light-
headedness, constriction of pupils, cramps, salivation and vomiting. Carbofuran causes reversible
cholinesterase inhibition.

Notes to physician: It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropinize slowly to avoid cardiac arrest. Don’t use
oximes (e.g. 2-PAM).

12.

Special precautions for burrowing owl: The use of Furadan may pose a hazard to the burrowing owl,
a threatened species. The burrowing owl is known to nest in abandoned ground squirrel and badger burrows
in specific areas of the southern Prairies. These burrows are commonly found in non-cultivated land such as
roadsides, ditchbanks, pastures and rangeland. Areas heavily grazed by livestock and where ground squirrels
(gophers) abound are favorite nesting habitats of the burrowing owl. Prior to applying Furadan 480F, the
user must determine whether burrowing owls are in or around the area to be treated and must not apply
Furadan 480F within 250 meters of burrowing owl nests. Information in identification, range and habits of
the burrowing owl can be obtained by calling: Fish and Wildlife Division, Red Deer (403-340-5142) or
Lethbridge (403-381-5281).

Storage: Do not store below 2°C.

Gaucho 480/Gaucho CS FL

(imidacloprid + carbathiin + thiram)
Insecticide - Fungicide

Group 4 (Insecticide) Group 7,M (Fungicide)

r/anufacturer: Gustafson Partnership

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulations: Gaucho 480: Flowable containing imidacloprid 480 g/L; Gaucho CS FL: Flowable containing
imidacloprid (285.7 g/L) -H carbathiin (47.6 g/L) -h thiram 95.3 g/L.

2. Registered Mixes: Gaucho 480 is only available to commercial treaters. The following two systems are
available for treated canola, mustard and rapeseed:

Gaucho Canola System which is a combination of Vitavax rs Fungicide, metalaxyl and Gaucho 480 at the
low rate applied to the seed or Gaucho CS at 1,400 mL plus metalxyl. Gaucho Platinum is a combination
of Vitavax rs Fungicide, metalxyl and Gaucho 480 at the high rate applied to the seed or Gaucho CS at
1,400 mL plus metalxyl and Gaucho 480 at 833 mL.

3. Crops: Canola, mustard, rapeseed.

4. Insects Controlled: Flea beetle. The fungicides in the two other products in the Gaucho Canola System and
Gaucho Platinum will protect against seed-borne blackleg, seed rot and seedling blight caused by Alternaria,
Pythium and Rhizoctonia. Gaucho at the high rate (Gaucho Platinum) is also approved for control of aphids,
suppression of exit hole damage to pods from seed pod weevil lavrae and the suppression of second
generation of lygus.

5. When Used: Available to custom seed applicators only. Rate of Gaucho 480 is 833 - 1,667 mL per 100 kg of
seed. Rate of Gaucho CS is 1,400 mL per 100 kg of seed. Treated seed should be tested for germination if
stored for more than 9 months.

6. How to Apply: Must be applied with a suitable colourant. Can be applied with the Magna Coat Coating.
Gaucho CS is a ready-to-use product with colourant.

7. Application Tips: Applicators should consult with Gustafson regarding application procedures for the
different products.

340

Gaucho 480/Gaucho CS FL (cont'd)

8. How it Works: Imidadoprid is a systemic insecticide, and it is absorbed into the germinating seed and
seedling to protect the plant from feeding. Some damage will occur as the flea beetle must ingest the plant
for mortality to occur. Imidadoprid has direct toxic effects and anti-feeding effects on flea beetles. The
higher rate will extend the level of protection.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not graze or feed livestock for 4 weeks after planting.

1 0. Toxicity: Moderate acute toxicity. Acute (rats) = 400 mg/kg. Safe to bees foraging on plants when
applied as a seed treatment.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Do not reuse container for any purpose. Keep out of reach of children. Work
in a well ventilated area when treating seed or while angering or handling treated seed. Augers used for
handling treated seed should not be used to move seed or for feed, food or oil processing. Do not reuse bags
from treated seed to handle food or feed products. Do not contaminate feed or foodstuffs with treated seed.
Treated seed must be labelled as follows; “This seed has been treated with Gaucho - contains
imidadoprid, do not use for food, feed or oil processing.” Wear chemical resistant gloves when
handling treated seed.

If in eyes, wash immediately with running water for 15 minutes. Contact a Poison Control Centre or a
physician. If on skin, wash with warm water and soap. Get medical attention if irritation persists. If signs
of intoxication (poisoning) occur, get medical attention immediately. If inhaled, remove victim to fresh air
or uncontaminated area. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention as soon as
possible. If swallowed, induce vomiting by giving the patient ipecac (adult or child 12 years or older,

30 mL; child under 12, 15 mL), followed by water to enhance vomiting. If vomiting is not induced, repeat
the dosage once. Keep patient quiet and contact a Poison Control Centre or a physician, bringing the labelled
container with you. Do not give anything by month or attempt to induce vomiting if the person is
unconscious.

1 2. Storage: Store product in original container only, away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed. Do not
store Gaucho 480 FI in direct sunlight. Do not store Gaucho 480 Fl above 35°C or below 10°C.

13. Resistance Management: Gaucho CS fl seed treatment contains a Group 4 insecticide and Group 7 and M
fungicides. Any insect or fungal population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Gaucho CS FL seed
treatment and other Group 4 insecticides or Group 7 or M fungicides. Other resistance mechanisms that are
not linked to the site of action but are specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed. A gradual or total loss of pest
control may occur over time if these insecticides/fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields.

Genesis (imidadoprid)

Group 4

Manufacturer: Gustafson

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulation: Flowable; imidadoprid 240 g/L, 3.8 L.

2. Registered Mixes: Apply sequentially before fungicide dusts application.

3. Crops: Potatoes.

4. Insects Controlled: Control of aphids, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetle, potato leaf hopper.

5. When Used: Seed treatment. Apply just prior to seeding. Can be applied when potato pieces are being cut.

6. How to Apply: Apply specified dosage as a diluted spray onto seed-pieces using a shielded spray system that
is well contained and will prevent the loss of any liquid. Do not dilute with any more than 3 parts water to 1
part GENESIS 240 Insecticide. Agitate or stir spray solution as needed. For optimal insect control, good
coverage of the seed piece is required.

341

Insecticides

Genesis (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: As part of the seed cutting and treating process, application of a fungicide registered for
potato seed treatment or an inert absorbent ingredient is recommended right after applying liquid Genesis.

How it Works: Imidacloprid is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide

Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Treated areas may be replanted with any crop specified on an
imidacloprid label, or any crop for which a tolerance exists for the active ingredient, as soon as is practical.
Rotation of fields treated with GENESIS 240 Insecticide to cereal grains (wheat, barley, oats) is acceptable
after a minimum plant-back interval of 30 days and to peas and beans (including fababeans, soybeans,
adzuki beans, mung beans, lima beans, scarlet runners, dry common beans, snap common beans) is
acceptable after a minimum plant-back interval of 9 months. Rotation to all other food and feed crops will
require a 12 month plant-back interval be observed. Green manure and other cover crops not intended for
human or animal consumption are acceptable rotational crops that do not require a plant-back interval
following treatment. Do not graze or harvest such cover crops for food or feed. It is not recommended that
this product be used in fields treated with GENESIS 240 Insecticide or ADMIRE 240 F Insecticide during the
previous season. This product is toxic to wildlife. Keep out of lakes, streams, ponds or other aquatic systems.
Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. Apply this product only in accordance
with the label directions. Dispose of all excess and any spilled treated seed pieces by covering or
incorporating into the soil. Leftover treated seed should be double sown around the headland or buried
away from water sources such as lakes, streams, ponds or other aquatic systems.

10. Toxicity: Acute oral toxicity LD^^ (rats) = 4, 143 - 4,870 mg/kg. Dermal toxicity of (rabbits) = 200 mg/kg.

11. Precautions, First Aid: Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or
clothing. Keep out of reach of children.

Applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants, water-proof gloves
and shoes plus socks. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining personal protective
equipment (PPE) . If there are no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and
wash PPE separately from other laundry. Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or
using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then, wash thoroughly and put on
clean clothing. Remove personal protective equipment immediately after handling this product. Wash the
outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.
Apply only in areas with adequate ventilation or in areas that are equipped to remove spray mist. Do not
apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only
protected handlers may be in the area during application. Handlers of treated seed must wear personal
protective equipment listed above.

If in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention
immediately if irritation occurs. If on skin, wash thoroughly with soap and water. Get medical attention
immediately if irritation occurs. If swallowed. Contact a Poison Control Centre or a physician immediately.
Drink one or two glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching back of throat with finger or, if available,
by administering syrup of ipecac. If S5u-up of ipecac is available, administer 15 mL (1 tablespoon) of syrup of
ipecac followed by 1 to 2 glasses of water. If vomiting does not occur within 20 minutes, repeat the dose
once. Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Take container, label or
product name and Pest Control Product Registration Number with you when seeking medical attention.

Toxicological information: No specific antidote is available. Treat the patient symptomatically.

12. Storage: Store in cool, dry place and in such a manner as to prevent cross contamination with other
pesticides, fertilizers, food and feed. Store in original container and out of reach of children.

342

Guthion/Sniper (azinphos methyl)

Group IB

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience/United Agri Products

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Spray concentrate (SC); 240 g/L; 20 L pail; water soluble bag - 500 gm; 2 kg bag (SOW).

2. Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: Wettable powder: mix the required amount with a small quantity of water. Add this
pre-mix through the screen while filling the sprayer tank, or fill the tank to the required level and then add
the pre-mix. Operate the agitator while mixing. Depending on the water temperature and the degree of
agitation, the packets should be completely dissolved within 5-10 minutes from the time they were added
to the water.

Rate: Pour the required amount into full amount of water and then agitate.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, clover, potatoes, rye.

4. Insects Controlled:

alfalfa plant bug diamondback moth leafhoppers spittle bug

alfalfa weevil flea beetles lygus bugs sweet clover weevil

Colorado potato beetle grasshoppers red turnip beetle tarnished plant bug

5. When Used: Maximum number of applications: one per season on rye. One per season on alfalfa and clover,
except 2 per season for sweet clover weevil control or when using rates of 910 mL SC/ac or less. Repeat as
necessary on potatoes to a maximum of 3 applications per season.

6. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. May be applied by air only on alfalfa, clover and rye.

Rate: Lower rate on immature insects, light infestations or sparse foliage.

Uquid

Powder

Crop

mtyac

g/ac

Alfalfa, clover

Alfalfa plant bug, alfalfa weevil, clover leaf weevil,

900 - 1400

450 - 700

flea hopper, leathopper, lesser clover leaf weevil,
lygus bug, spittlebug

Grasshoppers

440 - 700

212-344

Sweet clover weevil
Colorado potato beetle

900

450

Potato

700

■ 344

European corn borer, flea beetle, leafhoppers.

900 - 1400

445 - 710

spittlebug, tarnished plant bug

Rye

Cereal leaf beetle

440 - 700

344 - 453

Grasshoppers

700 - 900

212-344

Water volume: Air: 16 L/ac minimum. Ground: 32 L/ac minimum. Alfalfa weevil: 60 -

■ 80 L/ac on heavy

growth.

7. Application Tips: Do not apply when crop is in bloom.

8. How it Works: Azinphos-methyl is a contact, non-systemic, organophosphate insecticide and acaricide.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest or pre-grazing interval (days): alfalfa (21),

clover (21), potatoes (7), rye (30). Re-entry interval: 48 hours. Do not plant root crops other than those with
registered azinphos-methyl uses in azinphos-methyl treated soil sooner than 6 months after last application.
Do not plant any crop other than those with registered azinphos-methyl uses in treated soil sooner than
30 days after last application.

343

Insecticides

Guthion/Sniper (cont'd)

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 11 mg/kg, 50% wettable powder
= 34 mg/kg, spray concentrate = 21 mg/kg. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on
crops. Poisonous if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Call a physician immediately. Have patient lie down and keep quiet. If in eyes or on skin, use

standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Tightness in the chest, sweating, contracted pupils, stomach pains, vomiting
and diarrhea.

For physician: Compound inhibits cholinesterase, resulting in stimulation of the central nervous system,
the parasympathetic nervous system and the somatic motor nerves. Do not give morphine. Watch for
pulmonary edema which may develop in serious cases of poisoning even after 12 hours. At first sign of
pulmonary edema, the patient should be placed in an oxygen tent and treated symptomatically. Antidote is
atropine sulphate in large therapeutic doses. Repeat as necessary to the point of tolerance. 2-PAM is also
antidotal and may be administered in conjunction with atropine.

12. Storage: Do not store spray concentrate below -4°C. Protect products from heat and open flame. Do not

1. Formulations:

Helix: Flowable seed treatment, containing 10.3% thiamethoxam, 1.24% difenoconazole,

0.39% metalaxyl-M and 0.13% fludioxonil.

Helix XTra: Flowable containing 20.7% thiamethoxam, 1.25% difenoconazole, 0.39% metalaxyl-M and
0.13% fludioxonil; 105 L, 200 L, 450 L, 1,050 L Bulk.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Canola, mustard.

4. Insect Controlled: Flea beetles, duration of control: Helix (14 - 21 days). Helix XTra (28 - 35 days).
Diseases controlled: Seed-borne Ahernaria, seed-borne blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans), seedling
disease complex (damping off, root rot, seed rot), Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp.

5. When Used: Seed treatment.

6. How to Apply:

With: Custom application at seed cleaning plant.

Water volume: Helix and Helix XTra do not require the addition of water for application. Do not dilute
with water.

Rate: Helix and Helix XTra: 1,500 mL/100 kg of seed.

heat.

Helix/Helix XTra (thiamethoxam -i-

difenoconazole + metalaxyl-M -t- fludioxonil)
Insecticide - Fungicide

CAUTION POISON

344

Helix/Helix XTra (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Available only as pretreated seed.

8. How it Works: The active ingredient difenoconazole is a systemic fungicide from the triazole chemical class
that provides broad-spectrum protection against seed and soil-borne diseases. Metalaxyl-M is a phenylamide
fungicide with systemic activity against diseases caused by the Oomycetes class, including Pythium damping
off. Fludioxonil is a phenylpyrole chemistry derived and synthesized from exudates of the soil bacterium
Pseudomonas, contact and local penetrant properties.

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide from the neonicitinoid chemical class that acts by interfering with
the acetylcholine receptor of the insect’s nervous system.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not graze, feed green forage or cut for hay within 55 days of
planting. Do not plant any crop other than wheat within 30 days to fields in which treated seeds were
planted. Commercially treated seed with Helix must be labeled with the following statement: "This seed
has been treated with thiamethoxam insecticide, fludioxonil, difenoconazole and
metalaxyl-M fungicides. Do not use for food, feed or oil purposes.”

10. Toxicity: Acute oral LDj^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg - practically non-toxic.

Acute dermal LD3Q (rabbits) = >2,000 mg/kg.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a
waterproof apron and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes, rinse with lots of water for 15 minutes. Hold eyelids apart to rinse the entire surface of the eye
and lids. Do not apply any medicating agents except on the advice of a physician. If on skin, remove
contaminated clothing and thoroughly wash the affected part of the body with soap and water, including the
hair and under the fingernails. If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if
necessary. If swallowed, give victim 1 - 2 glasses of water if the person is conscious and induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician immediately.

12. Storage: Keep in heated storage. Product will freeze at -20°C.

Imidan 50-WP Instapak

(phosmet)

Group IB

Manufacturer; United Agri Produci

DANGER POISON

1. Formulation: Wettable powder: Imidan 50-WP - 1 kg water soluble sachets; 2 x 1 kg (50% phosmet).

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, carrots, potatoes.

4. Insects Controlled: Alfalfa weevil, carrot weevil, Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle,
potato leafhopper.

5. When Used: when first signs of infestation are visible.

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Carrot: Must be added to spray water first, and sachet must be completely dissolved. Use up to 405 L of
water per acre. Apply only twice per season. Do not apply 40 days prior to harvest.

345

Insecticides

insecticides

Imidan 50-WP Instapak (cont'd)

Alfalfa: Must be added to spray water first, and sachet must be completely dissolved. Use 81 to 202 L of
water per acre. Maximum of one application per cutting. Do not apply during bloom. Do not apply 7 days
prior to harvest.

Potato: Must be added to spray water first, and sachet must be completely dissolved. Use sufficient water to
provide good coverage. Apply as required. Do not apply 7 days prior to harvest.

Rate:

Alfalfa

Carrot

Potato

g/ac

910

7. Application Tips: See How to Apply.

How it Works: Phosmet is a non-systemic, contact, organophosphorous insecticide.

Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not apply 7 days prior to harvest on alfalfa or potatoes. Do
not apply 40 days prior to harvest on carrots. This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of any body of water.
This product is toxic to bees. Do not apply when fruits or cover crops are in bloom.

1 0. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 285 mg/kg.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: if in eyes, immediately flush the eyes with running water for a minimum of

20 minutes. Hold eyelids open during flushing. If irritation persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention
immediately. If on skin, flush skin with running water for a minimum of 20 minutes. Start flushing while
removing contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention immediately.
If inhaled, move victim to fresh air. Give artificial respiration only if breathing has stopped. Give
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if there is no breathing and no pulse. Oxygen administration may be
beneficial in this situation but should only be administered by personnel trained in its use. Obtain medical
attention immediately. If swallowed, if victim is alert and not convulsing, rinse mouth out and give 1/2 to
1 glass of water to dilute material. Immediately contact local Poison Control Centre. Vomiting should only
be induced under the direction of a physician or a Poison Control Centre. If spontaneous vomiting occurs,
have victim lean forward with head down to avoid breathing in vomitus, rinse mouth and administer more
water. Immediately transport victim to an emergency facility. Phosmet is a cholinesterase inhibitor.
Atropine is antidotal. 2-PAM (pralidoxime) is also antidotal when administered early and in conjunction with
atropine.

Symptoms: Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, headache, weakness, impaired vision, sweating,
tightness in the chest, convulsions.

1 2. Storage: Store above 0°C. Keep water soluble sachets in its protective container and store in a cool, dry
place. Do not store at temperatures above 40°C.

346

Lannate (methomyl)

Group 1A

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

1. Formulations: Soluble powder; 90%; 24 x 225 g Toss-N-Go water soluble pouches; 5.4 kg/case. Liquid
formulation: 215 g/L, 10 L per jug, 2 jugs/case.

2. Registered Mixes:

Mixing instructions: Fill spray tank 1/4 - 1/2 full of water. Add the appropriate number of water soluble
pouches directly to spray tank, mix thoroughly. Once dissolved, continued agitation is not required. Do not
use air agitation; use mechanical or hydraulic agitation.

3. Crops: Barley, canola, flax, oats, peas, potatoes, sweet corn, wheat.

4. Insects Controlled:

alfalfa looper clover cutworm European corn borer leafhopper

aphids common armyworm flax bollworm « thrips

beet webworm corn earworm flea beetle variegated cutworm

Bertha armyworm

5. When Used: when insects are causing economic damage; continue applications at 5 - 7 days intervals or as
needed. No restriction on number of applications. Early morning or late evening sprays are recommended.
Aphids: Apply up to 3 applications at 5 day intervals.

Corn earworm: Apply 4 sprays at 2 - 4 day intervals beginning when 25% of the ear shows silk.
European corn borer: Apply at 5 day intervals when egg masses begin to hatch.

6. How to Apply: Refer to the label for application instructions.

With: Aircraft (barley, canola, flax, oats, wheat) or ground equipment (all crops).

Rate: Low rate only for very young insects, small plants or light infestations.

9/ac

Barley, oats, wheat

Common armyworm

109-218

Thrips

121

Canola

Alfalfa looper, armyworm, Bertha webworm, beet webworm,

87 - 206

clover cutworm
European comborer

250

Flax

Bertha armyworm, flax bollworm

89 - 109

Peas

Alfalfa looper, aphids

200

Poteto

Aphids, flea beetles, leaf hoppers

215

Varigated cutworm

109-218

Sweet corn

Aphids, com earworm

175 - 250

European corn borer

253

Water volume: Air: 9 L/ac minimum. Ground: 40 - 140 L/ac.

7. Application Tips: Refer to the label for application instructions.

8. How it Works: A carbamate insecticide that works by contact and ingestion and has some systemic action.
Rapidly degraded in green, growing plants; short-term residual. Rapid knock-down.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): barley, oats, wheat (20);
canola, flax (8); peas (1); potatoes, sweet corn (3).

347

Insecticides

Lannate (cont'd)

Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = technical 17-24 m/kg. Toxic to bees. May
be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. Poisonous if inhaled. Causes eye damage. Can be absorbed through
the skin. Intake can cause heart, liver and kidney damage.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots (see
page 30 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29)
before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Aircraft
pilot should not assist in the mixing and loading operation.

Symptoms of poisoning: Weakness, blurred vision, headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, discomfort in
the chest, constriction of pupils, sweating, slow pulse or muscle tremors.

For physician: Administer atropine sulphate in repeated doses, 1.2 - 2.0 mg intravenously every
10 - 30 minutes until full atropinization is achieved. Maintain atropinization until patient recovers. Do not
use morphine. 2-PAM may be used to supplement atropine treatment.

Decontamination :

Spill or leak procedure: Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Keep people away and upwind of
spill/leak. If necessary to enter the spill area, wear self-contained breathing apparatus, gloves, boots and
protective clothing. Remove leaking containers and put them into leak-proof containers. Sweep up spills;
apply earth, sand or sweeping compound to spill area and re-sweep to pick up residue. Package spill material
in plastic, cardboard or metal containers; dispose in accordance with provinicial regulations. If product
enters crevices and cannot be effectively swept, treat with a sodium hydroxide (Drano) water solution and
allow to stand 4 hours. Thereafter, flush well with water; do not flush into any body of water. If product
enters sewers or bodies of water, notify appropriate local and federal authorities.

1 2. Storage: Store product in original container only. Store away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed.
Not for use or storage in or around the home. Do not allow the product to freeze.

10.

11.

Lorsban 4E/

Pyrinex 480 EC/Nufos 4E/

Chlorpyrifos 480 EC (chlorpyrifos)

Group IB

Manufacturer; Dow AgroSciences/United Agrt Products/Chetntnova Canada/Interprovinciat Co-operatives

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 480 g/L; 10 L jug, 208 L returnable container.

2. Registered Mixes: Avenge 200C, Banvel -l- 2,4-D Amine, Buctril M, 2,4-D Amine, 2,4-D Ester, MCPA Amine,
MCPA Ester.

Mixing restrictions: Do not add adjuvants, surfactants or spreader stickers other than those allowed on
mixing partner label. When tank mixing, first add the herbicide to spray tank, then add Lorsban 4E.

3. Crops: Barley, canola, field corn, flax, lentils, oats, potatoes, sugar beets, sunflowers, sweet corn, wheat.

348

Lorsban 4E/Pyrinex 480 EC/IMufos 4E/Chlorpyrifos 480 EC (cont'd)

4. insects Controlled:

alfalfa looper

army cutworm

Bertha armyworm

black cutworm

Colorado potato beetle larvae

common armyworm
dark-sided cutworm
diamondback moth larvae
grasshoppers
lygus bug

pale western cutworm
potato flea beetle
red-backed cutworm
Russian wheat aphid

sunflower seed weevil
tarnished plant bug
variegated cutworm
wheat midge

5. When Used: When economic damage is apparent or when insect numbers reach the economic threshold.

Wheat midge: When adults are found in crop (1 midge/4 - 5 wheat heads). When 25% of wheat head has
emerged from boot, but preferably delayed until flowering (in 30% of crop).

Number of applications: Once per season as a foliar, seedling or soil treatment. Maximum of 9 weekly
applications on potato foliage.

6. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Use lower rate for young insects, light infestations or sparse foliage.

Crop

Stage

Insects

ml/ac

Barley, oats, wheat

foliage

Armyworm, army cutworm, dark-sided cutworm,

355 - 485

pale western cutworm, red-backed cutworm

Brown wheat mite

250

Grasshopper (nymphs)

235

Grasshopper (adults)

355

Russian wheat aphid

202

Wheat midge

335 - 405

Canola

foliage

Alfalfa looper, Bertha armyworm, common armyworm

305 - 405

Diamonback moth larvae

405

Grasshoppers

235 - 355

Lygus bug

202 - 405

Canola, flax

seedling

Army cutworm, dark-sided cutworm, pale western

355 - 485

cutworm, red-backed cutworm, variegated cutwonn

Field corn, potatoes,

preplant

Black cutworm, dark-sided cutworm, red-backed cutworm

970

sweet com

seedling

Black cutworm, dark-sided cutworm, red-backed cutworm

485 - 970

Flax

seedling

Bertha armyworm

305 - 405

Lentils (Lorsban only)

seedling

Cutworms

275 - 485

seedling

Pale western cutworm

355 - 485

foliage

Grasshoppers

235 - 485

Potatoes

foliage

Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle.

405

tarnished plant bug

Sugar beets

seedling

Pale western cutworm, red-backed cutworm

485 - 970

Sunflower

seedling

Army cutworm, pale western cutworm.

485

red-backed cutworm, seed weevils

Water volume:

Air: 4 - 12 L spray solution/ac.
Ground: 20 - 80 L spray solution/ac.
Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

349

Lorsban 4E/Pyrinex 480 EC/Nufos 4E/Chlorpyrifos 480 EC (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Uniform coverage of crop is essential: use a boom configuration that provides optimum
coverage. Use higher rates when infestations are heavy and when foliage is dense.

Bertha armyworm, alfalfa looper and armyworm: Use higher rate for large larvae and when canopy
is dense.

Cutworms: Higher rates and water volumes when the top 1 cm of soil surface is extremely dry or when the
infestation is heavy.

Foliage treatments: When spraying crops near maturity an application system that gives maximum
penetration of the crop canopy is necessary to get good insect kill. Do not apply to crops in bloom. Best
results will be obtained when application is made during early evening.

8. How it Works: A broad-spectrum, non-systemic insecticide. Works by contact, ingestion and vapour action.
Expected results: Insects must come in direct contact with the insecticide to be affected. Degrades on
foliage by weathering, and a significant kill of insects eating treated foliage may not last beyond 48 hours
after treatment. Somewhat more persistent in soil; control of soil-dwelling insects may be more durable.
Effects of rainfall:

Foliar treatments: Should be made 4 - 6 hours before forecast rainfall.

Soil treatment: Do not apply if heavy rainfall is forecast. A light rainfall during or after application is
probably helpful.

Movement in soil: Binds to organic matter in soil and is not likely to leach in soils with some organic
matter.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions:

Re-entry restriction: Do not enter treated field for at least 24 hours after application.

Application restrictions: Barley oats, wheat: Do not apply more than 2 times per season or more
than a total of 2.4 L/ha. See label for restrictions on other crops.

Pre-harvest interval (days): Barley, oats, wheat (60), canola (21), corn - field and sweet only (70),
flax (21), lentils (21 for applications up to 875 mL/ha), (60 for applications greater than 875 mL/ha),
potatoes (7), sugarbeets (90), sunflowers (42).

Grazing restrictions: Cereals grown for cover crop treated with Lorsban insecticide should not be
harvested for human or animal consumption if treated within 60 days of harvest.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^frats) formulation = 440 - 900 mg/kg. Toxic to fish.
Toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops and weeds. Avoid use when bees are
actively foraging.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention for eyes. If swallowed,
seek medical attention.

S3miptoms of poisoning by inhalation: Stuffy, runny nose, scratchy throat, asthmatic wheezing,
sudden bronchospasm, swelling of oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, shock.

For physician: Contains a cholinesterase inhibitor and a solvent. Antidote is atropine.

12. Storage: Combustible liquid; keep away from heat, sparks and open flame.

Malathion/Fyfanon 50% EC

(malathion)

Group IB

Manufacturer; Ufiited Agrt ProdacWinterprovinciaf Co-operatives Ltfi./Cheminova Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrates; Malathion (50% EC); 500 g/L; 4x4 pack; 2 x 10 L.

Grain protector dust; Malathion (2%); 22.7 kg bag. Grain protectant; Malathion (5%); 20 kg bag.

Fyfanon 50% EC, 500 g/L, 10 mL jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, barley, canary seed, canola, clover, corn, flax, lentils, mustard, oats, pasture, peas, potatoes,
rye, stored grain, sugar beets, sweet clover, wheat.

4. Insects Controlled:

Foliar spray

alfalfa weevil larvae
aphids
armyworms
corn earworm
Stored grain treatment
confused flour beetle
flat grain beetle
grain mites

5. When Used:

diamondback moth larvae
English grain aphid
European corn borer
flea beetles

granary weevil
Indian meal moth
lesser grain borer

grasshoppers
greenbug
leafhoppers
lygus bug

red flour beetle
rice weevil
rusty grain beetle

spider mite
spittle bug (adults)
sweet clover weevil
winter grain mite

saw-toothed grain beetle

Foliar spray: Legumes; When economic thresholds are reached. Do not apply to legumes in bloom.
Sweet clover: Spray field margins of first year clover in late summer or early fall when migration of weevil
adults is occurring. Canola, flax: When bees are absent from field and temperatures is above 18°C.

Sugar beets: At 3 - 5 leaf stage when insects or damage first appears.

Stored grain treatments: As grain is being loaded or turned into final storage. Surface protectant -
immediately after grain is loaded into storage.

Storage protectant: Prior to filling of grain storage structures.

6. How to Apply:

Emulsifiable concentrates

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Use lower rate for immature insects, light infestations or sparse foliage.

Crop

Insects

i/ac

Alfalfa

Alfalfa weevil larvae, aphids, grasshoppers,
leafhoppers, lugus bugs, spittlebugs (adult),
spider mites

0.91 - 1.1

Barley, oats, wheat

Armyworms, English grain aphids, greenbugs,
winter grain mites

0.44-1.01

Canola, flax, mustard, pasture

Grasshoppers

0.4 - 1.1

Clover

Aphids, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, spider mites

0.91 -1.1

Flax

Grasshoppers

0.44 - 0.78

Grain com, forage corn

Earworms, European corn borer

0.91 - 1.1

Rye

Cereal leaf beetle

0.9

351

Insecticides

Malathion/Fyfanon 50% EC (cont'd)

Water volume: Potato pests - 400 L/ac.
Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Stored grain treatments
With: Spray or dust applicators.

Rate:

Liquid

0.5% Dusts

Insect

Grain

g/1 ,000 kg grain

2.0% Dusts

Confused flour beetle.

Barley

2000

520

flat grain beetle, grain mites,

Corn

granary weevil, Indian meal

Oats

3000

735

moth, lesser grain borers.

Rye

1750

450

red flour beetle, rice weevil,
rusty grain beetle,
saw-toothed grain beetle

Wheat

415

Indian meat moth

Barley, corn, oats
rye, wheat

300 miyiOOm' of
grain surface

Note: The Canadian Grain Commission does not recommend the use of grain protectants. Malathion is more
effective in dry grain than in tough or damp grain because the pesticide breaks down rapidly.

Water volume: 10 - 20 L water; Indian meal moth (surface treatment) 5 - 10 L water.

Incorporation: Add to grain as it is being angered, or scatter proper amount of dust on each load and cut
in with shovel before dumping.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

7. Application Tips;

All crops: Apply when day temperature is expected to exceed 20°C. Do not apply to plants in bloom.
Stored grain: To protect from Indian meal moth, spray evenly over the surface of uninfested grain and
rake to a depth of 15 cm. Where special application equipment is not available, any type of low pressure
sprayer holding 5 L or more can be used. Apply spray to the grain stream as it is being elevated into storage.
Test sprayer calibration by discharging into a tank of water, then regulate flow of grain to get the proper rate
of spray. Keep spray coarse to avoid loss as “drift.”

Before storing new grain: Thoroughly clean up old grain and debris from bins, elevators or grain
handling equipment. Remove and burn all sweepings. After cleaning the premises, apply a residual
malathion spray to walls, floors and machinery in grain elevators or farm storage, using 200 mL Grain
Protectant/5 L water. Force spray into cracks and crevices. Apply at 5 L of spray/100 m^ of surface area using
a coarse wetting spray. Wait until spray has thoroughly dried before storing grain in treated areas. Spray this
mixture around the outside of bins and elevators to help prevent the insects from entering the bins.

8. How it Works: A non-systemic, contact, organophosphate insecticide and acaricide of brief to moderate
persistence. Generally non-phytotoxic. Do not apply foliar sprays at temperatures below 20°G.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest and pre-grazing intervals (days): canola (7),
cereals (7), flax (7), hay (7), legumes (7), mustard (7), pastures (0), potatoes (3).

Forages and pasture: Remove cattle before spraying; cattle may be returned immediately after spraying.
Stored grain sales: Do not apply within 7 days of selling grain. Do not apply to barley destined for
malting.

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2,800 mg/kg. Highly toxic to bees and
fish.

352

Malathion/Fyfanon 50% EC (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Symptoms of poisoning: Headache, weakness, sweating, giddiness, blurred vision, nausea, abdominal
cramps, diarrhea and discomfort in chest.

Notes to physician: It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropinise slowly to avoid cardiac arrest. Do not give
respiratory depressants.

Decontamination: Malathion breaks down rapidly in the presence of water and alkaline materials.
Containers and spillages can be readily decontaminated by using Javex, lye or washing soaps that contain
sodium hydroxide.

1 2. Storage: Flammable. Do not store near food or feed. Keep container tightly sealed when not being used.

IVIatador 120EC (cyhalothrin lambda)

Groups

Manufacturer; Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 120 g/L; 3.78 Ljug.

2. Registered Mixes: Achieve, Horizon and Tilt.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, grain corn, mustard, oats, popcorn, potatoes, summerfallow, sunflowers,
sweet corn, unimproved pasture, wheat.

4. Insects Controlled:

alfalfa weevil
cabbage seedpod weevil
Colorado potato beetle
corn earworm

crucifer flea beetle
cutworm

European corn borer
fall armyworm

5. When Used: When economic damage is apparent.

grasshoppers
leafhopper
lygus bug
pea aphid

potato leaf hopper
sunflower beetle
tarnished plant bug
tuber flea beetle

Colorado potato beetle: Apply when insects or damage appears. Use the high rate once larvae are past
the second instar. Timing of applications should be based on the presence of vulnerable pest developmental
stages and significant populations as determined by local monitoring. Colorado potato beetle susceptibility to
pyrethroid insecticides should be confirmed using an appropriate assay.

Crucifer flea beetle: To prevent migration of overwintering flea beetle adults throughout the field,
ground spray a 15 m strip around the field at the first sign of flea beetle feeding.

Grasshoppers: Best results on young, non-flying grasshoppers (up to 3rd nymphal stage, up to 1 cm in
length) or when insect numbers are low. Use higher rate when grasshopper are larger, up to but not
including winged adults (up to 2.5 cm in length) or when insect numbers are high. If insect migration into a
field is severe, apply a spray to a 15 m strip around the field.

353

Insecticides

Matador 120EC (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

Ground equipment: All registered crops. Do not apply within 15 m of productive fisheries, water or
waterfowl habitat.

Aircraft: Matador is only registered for aerial application on the following crops: alfalfa, barley, canola,
corn, flax, mustard, oats, potatoes, summerfallow, sunflower, unimproved pasture, wheat.

Rate: Use a higher rate for severe infestations, when foliage is dense or when grasshoppers are in the late
nymphal or adult stage.

mt/ac

Alfalfa

Alfalfa weevil, lygus bug, pea aphid,
potato leafhopper, tarnished plant bug

Alfalfa, summerfallow,
unimproved pasture

Grasshoppers

25-34

Barley, oats, wheat

Grasshoppers

25-34

Canola, mustard

Cabbage seed pod weevil*, Crucifer flea beetle,
lygus bug

Grasshoppers

26-34

Field corn, forage com,

Corn earworm, cutworm, European corn borer.

popcorn, sweet corn

fall armyworm

Grasshoppers

25-34

potatoes

Potato flea beetle, potato leafhopper,
tarnished plant bug, tuber flea beetle

Colorado potato beetle

34-51

Sunflower

^ Adult stage only.

Sunflower beetle

17-26 (ground)
34 (air)

Water volume: Ground: Use sufficient water for thorough coverage, 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/ac).

Air: 4-16 L/ac.

7. Application Tips: Control of some insects species with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides decreases as
temperature rises. For best results, apply Matador 120EC during early morning before temperature rise and
during the evening, past the heat of the day. Temperature must be warm enough for insects to be active.

8. How it Works: Cyhalothrin-lambda is a photostable, synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is a fast acting
stomach and contact insecticide effective against a broad spectrum of foliar pests. It has no fumigant or
systemic activity. Best results will be obtained with Matador 120EC when applied against the early
developmental stages of the pest as determined by regular monitoring.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Barley, oats, wheat, (28);
canola, flax (50); potatoes (7); sunflowers (70). Do not allow livestock to forage treated fields within

14 days of application. Do not graze or feed lactating dairy animals on treated green cereal forage or treated
pasture. Do not use more than 2 applications of the high rate on potatoes or 3 applications per year in all
other situations.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (female rats) Matador 120 = 278 mg/kg;

technical = 56 mg/kg. Skin and eye irritant. Very toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. This product is
toxic to bees and other beneficial insects. Avoid spra)dng when bees are foraging. Do not re-enter treated
areas until 24 hours after treatment. If early re-entry into treated areas is required, workers must wear long
pants, long sleeved shirts, chemical resistant gloves, boots and a hat.

354

Matador 120EC (cont'd)

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Avoid splashing into eyes or on
skin, particularly the face. If hands are contaminated, wash with soap and water before touching other areas
of skin. When applying this product, workers should wear long pants, long sleeved shirts and chemical
resistant boots. In addition, during mixing, loading, cleanup and repair activities, workers must also wear
chemical resistant gloves, safety goggles and a face shield (see page 27 for further information). Avoid
touching face with contaminated gloves and clothing. Wash gloves before removal. Wash protective
equipment with soap and water after each use. For directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment

(see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention for eyes. If swallowed, do
not induce vomiting. Get medical attention or call Poison Control Centre immediately.

1 2. Storage: Store in a cool, well ventilated area away from food or feed and out of the reach of children and
animals. Store above 0°C. Storage below 0°C will not impair the effectiveness of Matador 120EC; however
following such storage, agitate well before use.

Monitor (methamidophos)

Group IB

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid; 480 g/L; 10 L pail.

2. Registered Mixes: Compatible with most commonly used fungicides.

3. Crops: Canola, potatoes.

4. Insects Controlled:

aphids Colorado potato beetle potato flea beetle

Bertha armyworm grasshoppers potato leafhopper

5. When Used:

Canola: Bertha arm)rworm: when larvae number 20 or more /m^ and are feeding on pods or flowers;
maximum 2 applications per season.

Grasshoppers: Application should begin when migration of grasshoppers from ditches and field borders
becomes apparent; maximum 2 applications per season.

Potatoes: Apply in a 10 - 14 day program when necessary.

6. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Higher rate for severe infestations, adult insects or dense foliage.

Crop

Insects

ffll/ac

Canola

Bertha armyworm

233 - 500

Grasshoppers

500

Potato

Aphids, Colorado potato beetle,
potato flea beetle, potato leafhopper

707 - 910

Water volume: Air (canola): 4 L/ac minimum. Ground:
Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

80 - 400 L/ac.

7. Application Tips: Avoid use during flowering and pollination periods.

355

Insecticides

Monitor (cont'd)

8. How it Works: Methamidophos is a broad spectrum, organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide that works
by contact and systemic action. Non-phytotoxic when used as directed. Contact effectiveness may persist for
7-21 days.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): canola (10), potatoes (14).

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 95% technical 13 - 15 mg/kg.

Monitor = 17-20 mg/kg. Extremely toxic to wildlife. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or
residues on crops. Can cause burns to both skin and eyes.

12. Storage: Store and display apart from food or feed. Do not store in or around the home. Store in a cool, dry
place but not below -10°C. Protect from heat.

Orthene 75% (acephate)

Group IB

Manufacturer; Arvesta Corporation

1 . Formulations: Soluble powder 75%.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Field corn, potato, sweet corn.

4. Insects Controlled:

Colorado potato beetle green peach aphid potato flea beetle tarnished plant bug

European corn borer potato aphid potato leafhopper

Insects suppressed: Not applicable.

5. When Used: Begin treatment when eggs or insects first appear.

6. How to Apply:

With: Ground equipment. Do not apply by air.

Rate:

Crop insects g/ac

Field corn, sweet corn European corn borer 300 - 440

Potato Green peach aphid, potato aphid, 300 - 440

potato flea beetle, potato leafhopper,
tarnished plant bug

Water volume: Corn: 90 - 400 L/ac; Potatoes: 90 - 660 L/ac.

356

Orthene 75% (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Do not apply more than four times per season.

8. How it Works: Systemic insecticide: Stomach poison.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Preharvest intervals depend on the crop. Do not feed trimmings
to livestock or allow animals to graze on treated areas. Do not feed corn fodder or forage from treated crop
to livestock. Pre-harvest interval (days): com (21); potatoes (21).

10. Toxicity: Toxic. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 605 - 1,100 mg/kg. Toxic to fish and wildlife. Highly toxic to bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Orthene is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropine is the antidote. 2-PAM may also be used in conjunction
with atropine but should not be used alone.

12. Storage: store in cool, dry place. Protect from excessive heat.

13. Resistance Management: To reduce the potential for target pests to develop insecticide resistance, the use
of acephate should be alternated with products of differing modes of action.

Phostoxin (aluminum phosphide)
Restricted Uses

Group 8B

Distributors: Abell Pest Control Inc. (Restricted Use)

DANGER POISON

Note: This product is available only to provincially licensed persons.

1. Formulations:

Tablets (3 g); release 1.0 g phosphine upon decomposition.

Pellets (0.6 g); release 0.2 g phosphine upon decomposition.

Sache (34 g); release 11.0 g phosphine upon decomposition.

Order directly - Gastoxin - Garden City Ag. Supplies: 1-888-320-8101; Phostoxin - Garden City Ag.
Supplies: 1-888-320-8101; Gardex Chemicals Ltd.: 1-204-989-4790 (Collect).

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Raw agricultural products, grain or feeds.

4. Insects Controlled:

Angoumois grain moth dermestids Indian meal moth

bean weevil dried fruit moth khapra beetle

cadelle flour beetles lesser grain borer

cigarette beetle granary weevils

5. When Used: when the temperature is above 5°C.

Mediterranean flour moth
rusty grain beetle
saw-toothed grain beetle

357

Insecticides

Phostoxin (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

Rate:

Uses

Tablets

Raw agricultural commodities, animal feeds

4 - 6/m3

and processed foods

Commoditv temperature

Exposure times (days)

Over 20
16-20
12-15
5-11
Below 5

Do not fumigate

Note: Suggested exposures should be observed. A shortened exposure period cannot be compensated for by
increased dosage.

7. Application Tips:

General: Never fumigate alone. Never fumigate any structure occupied by man or animals or physically
adjoining another structure occupied by man or animals. Personnel involved in fumigation must leave the
structure within 2 hours of starting fumigation. Person supervising must be a licensed fumigator and
personnel assisting must be trained and appropriately licensed in the use of aluminum phosphide.
Fumigating grain storages: Make sure the structure is tight enough to retain the fumigant. Seal the
structure as necessary. During fumigation leave all doors, vents, etc. open to create a cross-ventilation in the
structure. Tablets may be probed into grain or fed into the grain stream as the grain is transferred from one
bin to another. Probing requires a pipe 3 cm in diameter and long enough to reach within 1.5 m of the
bottom of the storage. Probes are made in a 1.5 m horizontal grid across the grain surface. Fumigant tablets
are dropped down the pipe at 15 cm intervals as the pipe is withdrawn from the grain. The objective is to
distribute the tablets as evenly as possible throughout the grain mass. To achieve the proper dosage when
treating a stream, apply the tablets uniformly to the grain stream based on flow rate. After application, all
openings should be sealed and entries locked and placarded. After the exposure period, open doors and
windows for aeration. Remove all warning placards when aeration is complete.

8. How it Works: Phosphine (hydrogen phosphide) is a colourless gas with a carbide-like odour and high
volatility. Formulated product consists of aluminium phosphide, ammonium bicarbonate, urea and paraffin.
Upon exposure to air, the ammonium bicarbonate breaks down to form ammonia (a pungent, warning gas)
and carbon dioxide (a fire suppressant). Within 1 - 4 hours, depending on temperature and humidity, the
product begins to decompose and release phosphine. After decomposition, there remains a grey- white dust
composed almost entirely of non-poisonous aluminum hydroxide with trace amounts of undecomposed
aluminum phosphide. The dust is eliminated when raw agricultural commodities are moved.

Expected results: The effectiveness of this product depends on the fumigation achieved by the release of
phosphine gas. Therefore, tightness of the area to be fumigated and temperature of the commodity are
essential when determining dosage rates and exposure rates. The tighter the bin and the warmer the
temperature of the commodity, the lower the dosage required and vice versa.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Aerate finished food for 48 hours before it is offered to the
consumer.

1 0. Toxicity: Hydrogen phosphide gas is very toxic to all forms of animal life, and exposure to even small
amounts should be prevented. Poisoning results from ingestion or inhalation as hydrogen phosphide is not
absorbed through the skin. It is also insoluble in water, fats and oils.

358

Phostoxin (cont'd)

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid:

Protective equipment: It will be necessary to wear a gas mask if the treated area is entered prior to
aeration. It is not necessary to wear a gas mask when product is applied according to label directions. Wear
gloves of cotton or other breathable material when handling the product. Only open containers in open air
and with the opening pointing away from your face. Wash hands after use of the product.

Reduce gas hazards: Never let tablets come in direct contact with liquid - this contact causes the
immediate release of hydrogen phosphide. Never open a container except for immediate usage. Never
confine the product in small gas proof enclosures such as plastic bags. Such confinement could cause the gas
concentration to reach the lower flammability level. Take precautions in areas where copper, brass or gold
are present, as corrosion may occur. Never fumigate in areas containing electronic or telephone equipment,
photographic film or copy paper. Remove such items or protect them from exposure to the gas. Hydrogen
phosphide has great penetrating power, and gas may slowly seep through concrete block walls. Hydrogen
phosphide does not layer, but expands to fill the available space.

Symptoms of poisoning: Severity depends on concentration of hydrogen phosphide involved. Mild
poisoning results in fatigue, nausea, pressure or pain in the chest, ringing in the ears and uneasiness.
Hydrogen phosphide is not a chronic poison, and these symptoms will readily disappear with rest and fresh
air. Greater quantities of gas produce such symptoms as vomiting, stomach ache, diarrhea, disturbance
in equilibrium and dyspnea (difficulty in breathing). Very high concentrations quickly cause bluish-purple
skin colour, agitation, poor muscle co-ordination, sub-normal blood oxygen content, unconsciousness and
death. Death can occur very quickly or be delayed several days as a result of pulmonary edema and collapse,
by paralysis of the central respiratory system. In cases of severe poisoning, disturbance in liver and kidney
function can also occur.

First aid: Should exposure to hydrogen phosphide be documented or suspected - remove patient from gas
atmosphere to open air. Call a physician immediately. Have the patient lie down, keeping him warm
and comfortable. Treat as for shock. Make no antidotal use of fats, oil, butter or milk. Do not administer
atropine as it is contraindicative. Begin artificial respiration if breathing has ceased. When exposure to low
concentrations of hydrogen phosphide have been documented or suspected, the individual involved should
rest for 24 hours, and under no circumstances should he resume any work dealing with fumigation. If
ingested, induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with a blunt object.

12. Storage: Tablets are received in resealable flasks. As long as flasks remain intact, the storage life of the
product is unlimited. Storage should be in a dry, locked, ventilated area and out of the reach of children and
irresponsible persons.

Poncho (clothianidin)

Group 4

Manufacturer; Gustafson

1. Formulation: Flowable; clothianidin 600 g/L , 100 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Corn.

4. Insects Controlled: Corn aphid, corn seed maggot, cutworm, flea beetle, grubs, wireworm.

5. When Used: Seed treatment.

6. How to Apply: Available pretreated from corn seed supplier.

Rate: 33 mL per seed unit.

359

Poncho (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Available only as pretreated seed.

8. How it Works: Clothianidin is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide. It protects the seed and developing
plant from insect damage.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Corn and canola may be replanted at any time. A one-year plant
back interval is required for leafy, root and tuber vegetables. A 30-day plant back on cereal grains, grasses,
non-grass animal feeds, soybean and dried beans is required.

10. Toxicity: Acute oral LD3Q (rats) = formulation >5,000.

11. Precautions, First Aid: Do not get into eyes. May irritate eye. Work in a well-ventilated area when
handling Poncho insecticide-fungicide or Poncho insecticide-fungicide treated seed. Workers involved in
treating, cleanup, or maintenance of seed treatment equipment, bagging, sewing or stacking must wear
coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves, head gear, and respiratory
protection (i.e., half-mask respirator with suitable dust filter or fresh air hood). Do not use leather or cloth
gloves. Avoid breathing vapours. Alcoholic beverages should be avoided for 24 hours before and after
working with Poncho insecticide-fungicide or treated seed, because of possible unpleasant side effects. Use
good personal hygiene, washing hands and exposed skin with warm water and soap before eating, drinking
or smoking. No food, drink or tobacco should be allowed in areas of chemical storage or use. Do not use
treated seed for food, feed or oil processing. Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment

(see page 29) before reuse. Keep out of reach of children and animals.

If in eyes, immediately wash with running water for 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention. If on skin,
remove contaminated clothing. Wash exposed areas of skin with soap and water. If swallowed, do not
induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control centre or doctor. Do not give anything by mouth to
an unconscious person.

1 2. Storage: Store to prevent cross contamination with other pesticides, fertilizers, food and feed. Store in
original container and out of reach of children.

Pounce (permethrin)

Group 3

Manufacturer: United Agri Products

CAUTION FLAMMABLE

1 . Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrates; Pounce 384 g/L, 1 L, 6 x 1 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

barley

flax

peas

sugar beets

canola

lentils

potatoes

sunflowers

corn

oats

rye

wheat

4. Insects Controlled:

army cutworm

European corn borer

potato flea beetle

red-backed cutworm

Colorado potato beetle

fall armyworm

potato leafhopper

tarnished plant bug

corn earworm

pale western cutworm

5. When Used: Post-planting treatment.

Air: Apply only once per season.

Corn borer, corn earworm: Spray no later than when first feeding damage is seen on foliage.
Cutworms: Applications should be made under warm, moist conditions in the evening or at night when
cutworm activity is highest.

Pounce (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Use higher rate for heavy infestations, when adult insects are present, foliage is dense or for
cutworms when soil is dry and/or larvae are large.

Crop

Sugar beets, sunflowers, wheat

Insect

Army cutworm, black cutworm, dark-sided cutworm,
pale western cutworm, red-backed cutworm
Pale western cutworm
Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle,
potato leafhopper, tarnished plant bug
Corn earworm, European corn borer
Fall armyworm

mt/ac

73-158

Sweet corn

Barley, oats, rye, wheat
Potato

73 - 158
75-110

111 - 152
73

Water volume: Corn: 140 - 180 L/ac. Potato: sufficient water for thorough coverage of foliage.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

7. Application Tips: Corn: Corn earworm, spray to ensure coverage of ears and silk. European corn borer
control, consult with provincial personnel for proper timing of spray. Cutworms: Do not disturb soil surface
for 5 days after application.

8. How it Works: Works by contact and as a stomach poison on a wide range of pests. No systemic or fumigant
activity.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Cover crop or crop treated with permethrin should not be used
as a green feed for animals. Pre-harvest interval (days): corn (1), potatoes (1).

10. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) Ambush 500 EC = 3,000 mg/kg.

Pounce EC = 1,030 mg/kg. Severe eye irritant. Very toxic to bees and fish. Do not spray when bees are
foraging. Spray deposit should be dry before bees begin foraging in treated crops.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention
immediately. Do not induce vomiting as this product contains petroleum distillates.

1 2. Storage: Keep product away from fire, open flame, electric light bulbs and other sources of heat. Minimum
storage temperature for Ambush 0°C, Pounce -12°C.

361

Insecticides

Prosper (clothianidin + carbathiin +
thiram + metalaxyl)

Group 4 (Insecticide) Group 7,M,4 (Fungicide)

Manufacturer: Gustafson

1. Formulation: Flowable; clothianidin 120 g/L + carbathiin 56 g/L + thiram 120 g/L + metalaxyl 4 g/L.

100 L, 1,000 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Canola, rapeseed.

4. Insects Controlled: Flea beetles.

Diseases controlled: Seed rot and seedling blight caused by Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Pythium spp.
and Rhizoctonia solani. Seed-borne blackleg.

5. When Used: Seed treatment.

6. How to Apply: Available pretreated from corn seed supplier.

Rate: 1,250 mL/100 kg of seed.

7. Application Tips: Available only as pretreated seed.

8. How it Works: Clothianidin is a systemic chloronicotinyl insecticide (Group 4). Prosper 400 will protect up
to the 3 to 4 leaf stage of development from flea beetle feeding damage. Carbathiin is a systemic fungicide
(Group 7 ). Thiram is a contact fungicide (Group M). Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide (Group 4). Fungicides
protect seed and developing plant from disease infection.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not use rape greens for human consuption. Corn and canola
may be replanted at any time. A one-year plant back interval is required for leafy, root and tuber vegetables.
A 30-day plant back on cereal grains, grasses, non-grass animal feeds, soybean and dried beans is required.

10. Toxicity: Acute oral (rats) = formulation >5,000.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Do not get into eyes. May irritate eye. Work in a well-ventilated area when
handling Prosper insecticide-fungicide or Prosper insecticide-fungicide treated seed. Workers involved in
treating, cleanup, or maintenance of seed treatment equipment, bagging, sewing or stacking must wear
coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves, head gear, and respiratory
protection (i.e., half-mask respirator with suitable dust filter or fresh air hood). Do not use leather or cloth
gloves. Avoid breathing vapours. Alcoholic beverages should be avoided for 24 hours before and after
working with Prosper insecticide-fungicide or treated seed, because of possible unpleasant side effects. Use
good personal hygiene, washing hands and exposed skin with warm water and soap before eating, drinking
or smoking. No food, drink or tobacco should be allowed in areas of chemical storage or use. Do not use
treated seed for food, feed or oil processing. Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment

(see page 29) before reuse. Keep out of reach of children and animals.

1 2. Storage: Store to prevent cross contamination with other pesticides, fertilizers, food and feed. Store in
original container and out of reach of children.

362

Ripcordl/CYmbMsh (cypermethrin)

Group 3

Manufacturer: BASF Canada/Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; Cymbush; 250 g/L; 1 L jugs;

Ripcord 400 EC; 407 g/L; 6 x 1 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops:

Cymbush: Canola, corn, mustard, potatoes, sunflowers.

Ripcord: Barley, canola, corn, headlands, potatoes, rapeseed, roadsides, summerfallow, sunflower, wheat.

4. Insects Controlled:

Bertha armyworm

cutworms

potato flea beetle

sunflower beetle

Colorado potato beetle

European corn borer

potato leafhopper

tarnished plant bug

corn earworm

flea beetles

strawberry weevil

tuber flea beetle

crucifer flea beetle

5. When Used:

grasshoppers

Ground: Do not apply more than 3 times per season.

Air: Canola, sunflowers: once per season. Corn, potatoes: up to 2 times per season.
Apply when insects appear or early signs of insect feeding.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Cutworms: Ground only.

Rate:

Crop

Insect

Cymbush niL/ac

Ripcord ml/ac

Barley, canola, headlands,

Grasshoppers

20 - 28

roadsides, summerfallow,
wheat

European corn borer

Potatoes

Colorado potato beetle, flea beetle.

25-50

leafhopper
Tarnished plant bug

Variegated climbing cutworm

Canola, mustard

Bertha armyworm

80-113

36 {air)

{canola only)

Crucifer flea beetle

28 (ground)

Flea beetles

20 (ground)

Barley, com, seedling

Army cutworm, black cutworm, dark-

potatoes, wheat
Strawberry

sided cutworm, pale western cutworm,
red-backed cutworm, white cutworm
Strawberry weevil

Tarnished plant bug

100

Sunflowers

Sunflower beetle, sunflower seed weevil

363

Insecticides

Ripcord/Cymbush (cont'd)

Water volume:

Ground: Corn, potatoes, strawberries: 120 - 202 L/ac. Cutworms: 80 - 200 L/ac.

Other crops: minimum of 45 L/ac.

Air: Canola (Bertha armyworm), corn (European corn borer), potatoes (Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles,
leafhoppers and tarnished plant bug), sunflowers (sunflower beetle): 4.5 - 9.0 L/ac.

Pressure: 250 - 300 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

Application Tips:

Corn: Direct spray to ensure coverage of ears and silk. Consult your local provincial personnel for proper
timing of spray.

Grasshoppers: Avoid application when temperatures are above 25°C. Bees: spray mist must be dried
before bees begin foraging in treated crop.

Cutworms: Spray under warm, moist conditions and do not disturb the soil surface for at least 5 days.

8. How it Works: By contact and stomach action. Good residual activity. No systemic or fumigant activity.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Barley (45), canola (30), corn (5),
mustard (30), potatoes (7), strawberries (7), sunflowers (70), wheat (30). Do not graze the treated crops or
cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support such use. 15 m buffer zone from water must be
maintained when applying by ground. 100 m buffer zone from water must be maintained when spraying by
air.

10. Toxicity: Low-moderate mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) cypermethrin = 3,200 mg/kg,

Cymbush = 760 mg/kg; Ripcord = 542 mg/kg. Very toxic to bees and fish.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Harmful or fatal if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with eyes and
clothing. Spray mist must be dried before bees begin foraging in treated crop. Protect yourself by reducing
skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene
gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the
pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes of
Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention
immediately. Do not induce vomiting as this product contains petroleum distillates.

Caution: Studies have shown that synthetic pyrethroid insecticides can be 1,000 - 10,000 times more toxic
to fish than many other insecticides in common use. Careless use of these insecticides can seriously harm
sport and commercial fisheries. Entry of these insecticides into small wetlands such as prairie sloughs can
affect invertebrate life which is needed for waterfowl reproduction and fish farming. Maintain a minimum
15 metre buffer for ground application and a minimum 100 metre buffer for aerial application.
Applications should not be made when wind or rain could favour drift or run-off into lakes and ponds. May
explode if heated.

Notes to physician: It is a CNS depressant. Steroids can be used to reduce inflammation. Avoid
aspiration.

12. Storage: Store in a heated chemical shed.

364

Sevin XLR-Plus (carbaryl)

Group 1 A

Manufacturer; Bayer CropScience/Peacock Industries Inc.

WARNING POISON

1. Formulations: Liquid suspensions; XLR-Plus; 466 g/L; 10 Ljug.

2. Registered Mixes: Most formulations are compatible with a wide range of pesticides. Do not apply mixes if
they are physically incompatible (e.g. curdle or precipitate). Liquid formulations are not compatible with
diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, aromatic solvents or any Stampede formulation. All formulations are unstable
when mixed with alkaline materials such as Bordeaux mixture, lime-sulphur and casein-lime spreaders.
Mixing instructions: Prepare only the required amount of spray on the day of application. Do not store
spray mixtures overnight. Agitate, stir or recirculate all carbaryl sprays prior to use.

Crops:

alfalfa

clover

non-crop areas

potato

sweet corn

barley

field corn

oats

rangelands

wheat

canola

forage grasses pastures

rye

Insects Controlled:

alfalfa caterpillar

Colorado potato beetle

flea beetles

stink bug

alfalfa weevil larvae

corn earworm

grasshoppers

sweet clover weevil

armyworm

European corn borer

leafhoppers

tarnished plant bug

blister beetles

fall armyworm

potato flea beetle

webworm

5. When Used: Apply when necessary to prevent economic damage. Do not apply when crops are in bloom.

6. How to Apply:

with: Sevin XLR: aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Lower rate on immature insects, light infestations or sparse foliage. Higher rate for adult insects,
severe infestations or dense foliage.

Insect

XLR-Pius

L/ac

Alfalfa, clover

Alfalfa caterpillar, armyworm, webworm

1.0 -2.1

Alfalfa weevil larvae

Blister beetle

1.0- 1.6

Climbing cutworm

Leafhoppers

1.0 -1.6

Barley, oats, rye, wheat

Grasshoppers: nymph

0.5 -1.0

1.0- 1.4

Canola (seedlings only, up to 4 weeks

Flea beetles

0.2

after emergence)

Field corn, sweet com

Corn earworm, European com borer, fall armyworm

1.0- 1.6

Grasshoppers: nymph

0.5 - 1.0

1.0 -1.4

Colorado potato beetle

0.5

Leafhopper

0.5

Potato flea beetle

0.5

Ditch banks, field borders, forage grasses.

Grasshoppers (nymphs or sparse vegetation)

0.5 - 1.0

headlands, pastures, rangeland,

Grasshoppers (adults or dense vegetation)

1.0 - 1.4

rights-of-way, wasteland

365

Insecticides

Sevin XRL-Plus (cont'd)

Water volume: Aircraft: 4 L/ac minimum. Ground: 12 L/ac minimum. Sevin XLR-Plus applicaitons are
more resistant to wash-off when applied as a concentrated suspension. To ensure wash-off resistance, apply
dilutions 1 part Sevin XLR to no greater than 39 parts water. Application should be made to dry foliage to
maximize wash-off resistance.

All crops: Use sufficient water to obtain thorough and uniform coverage of spray depending on equipment,
severity of infestation and stage of crop growth.

Low volume air applications: Hot, dry conditions may cause excessive evaporation of droplets. A
higher spray volume per acre may be required under hot, dry conditions and when crop canopies are
particularly dense.

Nozzles: Low volume applications: 50-mesh, in-line strainers and 25-mesh, slotted strainers behind the
nozzle; cone type nozzles, sizes D6-45 or D8-45.

Note: Flat fan nozzles may be used, but care should be taken as excessive droplet breakup and resulting
production of fine droplets may occur. Flat fan nozzles are also prone to plugging under hot, dry conditions.

7. Application Tips: Timing and good coverage are essential for effective control. Calibrate spray equipment to
deliver the required volume. Agitate, stir or recirculate all carbaryl formulations prior to use.

Com: Treat entire plant for larvae in whorls or on foliage. Spray in a 25 - 30 cm band over the row for
climbing cutworms. Apply at 2 - 4 day intervals, if necessary, for insects attacking silks and ears; start when
first silks appear and continue until silks begin to dry (3 or more applications may be needed).

Alfalfa weevil: If pre-treatment damage is extensive, cut and make application to stubble.

Expected results: Some immediate control is expected, but the majority of control occurs 24 - 48 hours
after application.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply just before rain.

XLR-Plus: Maximum resistance to wash-off is obtained when dilutions are not greater than 1:39
(XLR-Plus: water).

Movement in soil: None.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest or pre-grazing interval (days): Barley (28), oats,
rye, wheat (14); corn (1); potatoes (7). Alfalfa, clovers (2), forage grasses, non-crop areas, pasture,
rangeland (1 - 2). Remove cattle from area to be sprayed. Treated forage and feed crops may be fed to dairy
animals and animals for slaughter provided sprays are applied as directed. Beef cattle may be re-introduced
to range 1 day after application; dairy cattle after 2 days.

1 0. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 540 mg/kg. Although carbaryl is toxic
to honey bees, Sevin XLR and XLR-Plus have a reduced honey bee hazard warning; do not apply directly to
foraging bees.

11. Precautions, First Aid: Can be absorbed through the skin. Ensure the residue on the plants is dry before
foraging begins. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat,
goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition,
wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further information).
Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Salivation, tearing, urination, defecation, pinpoint pupils, muscle spasms,
general muscular weakness, nausea, prostration, convulsions.

For physician: Carbaryl insecticide is a moderate, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropine is
antidotal. Do not use 2-PAM opiates or cholinesterase inhibiting drugs.

366

Sevin XLR-Plus (cont'd)E

1 2. Storage: Do not store where temperature frequently exceeds 38°C. All formulations will withstand freezing.

13. Resistance Management: Sevin is a Group lA insecticide. Any insect population may contain individuals
naturally resistant to this product and other Group 1 insecticides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the
insect population if these insecticides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms
that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may
also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

10.

Thimet (phorate)

DANGER POISON

Formulations: Granular; Thimet 15-G; 15%; 25 kg bag; 20 kg Lock and Load.

Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: Potatoes.

Insects Controlled:

aphids leafhopper thrips

Colorado potato beetle lygus bug

Insects suppressed: Potato flea beetle, wireworm.

When Used: One application at planting time only.

How to Apply:

with: Granular pesticide applicator.

Rate:

Crop Insects Onaittfly

Potatoes Aphids, Colorado potato beetle (early 1 40 g/1 00 m row (sandy soils)

season control), leafhopper, leaf miners, 215 00 m row (slit to clay soils)

psyllids, reduction of potato flea beetle and
wireworm damage, tuber flea beetle

Application Tips: Beans: distribute in the row to the side of the seed. Potatoes: distribute evenly in the
furrow on each side of the row. Do not place in direct contact with the seed. Do not use in muck soils. Do not
apply to any area not specified on the label. Do not apply later than at planting time of potatoes.

How it Works: A systemic, organophosphorus insecticide with effective initial residual activity against soil
insects and other arthropods.

Expected results: Only early season control of Colorado potato beetle. Reduction of potato flea beetle and
wireworm damage.

Effects of rainfall: Relatively insoluble in water, therefore, the effect of normal rainfall is not appreciable.
Movement in soil: Relatively insoluble, therefore, movement is not appreciable.

Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Do not feed treated foliage within 60 days of treatment.

Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 2-4 mg/kg.

Acute dermal LD^^ (rabbits) = 226 mg/kg. Highly toxic to fish, birds and other animals. Birds consuming
granules may be killed. Poisonous by skin contact, inhalation or swallowing. Repeated inhalation or skin
contact may, without symptoms, progressively increase susceptibility to poisoning.

367

Insecticides

insecticides

Thimet (cont'd)

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. If
inhaled, remove victim to fresh air. If victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably mouth to
mouth. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Weakness, headache, tightness of chest, blurred vision, non-reactive pinpoint
pupils, salivation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps.

Call a physician at once in case of suspected poisoning. In emergency endangering life or
property, call collect day or night 1-800-454-2673. Antidote is atropine.

For physician: Give atropine intramuscularly or intravenously depending on severity of poisoning,

2 - 4 mg every 10 minutes until fully atropinized. 20 - 30 mg or more may be required during the first
24 hours. Never give opiates or phenothiazine tranquillizers or other depressants. Clear chest by postural
drainage. Artificial respiration or oxygen administration may be necessary. Observe patient continously for at
least 48 hours. Repeated exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors may, without warning, cause increasing
susceptibility to very small doses of any cholinesterase inhibitor. Allow no further exposure to any
cholinesterase inhibitor until cholinesterase regeneration has taken place. Pralidoxime chloride
(2-PAM: Protopam chloride) may be effective as an adjunct to atropine. Use according to label directions.
Decontamination:

Procedure for decontamination of surfaces: Keep unprotected persons out of the contaminated area.
Protective equipment: Hat, overalls, rubber apron, rubber boots and rubber gloves. Do not allow
product to contact eyes and skin. Launder clothing and clean protective equipment after use.

Warning: Avoid smoking, open flames and sparks in the operating area as the decontamination procedure
involves use of alcohols. Cover spilled granules with an absorbent material such as sweeping compound to
minimize dust. Sweep up granules and place in a tightly closed, labelled container. Store in a secure place.
Contact Cyanamid Canada Inc. or federal authorities for details on how to detoxify product. Granules that
remain in a broken bag should be transferred to a clearly marked, tightly closed alternate container. Dispose
of material in accordance with provincial requirements. Wash surface with a bleach decontamination
solution prepared by mixing 9 L water with 1 L commercial bleach and 0.5 L rubbing alcohol. Rinse with
clean water. Clean up the liquid with absorbent material such as sawdust, sweeping compound or other
materials. Repeat washing with bleach solution and water until liquid is cleaned up. Dispose of contaminated
absorbent material in accordance with provincial requirements. Wash disposal equipment with bleach
solution and rinse with clean water. If spill occurs on the ground, collect material and dispose as directed.
Treat affected area with the decontamination solution and cover with clean soil.

12. Storage: Do not use or store in or around the home. Must be stored or displayed away from food and feed.
Store open bags in labelled, sealed drums or heavy plastic bags.

368

Thiodan/Endosulfan/

Thionex EC (endosulfan)

Group 2A

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience/Urttfed Agri Products

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate; 400 g/L; 10 L container. Wettable powder; 50%; 2 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: Endosulfan is compatible with most insecticides and fungicides except Bordeaux
mixture, hydrated lime, calcium arsenate or zinc sulphate.

Mixing instructions: Wettable powder: fill spray tank nearly full and either pour recommended amount
on water surface or pre-mix powder in a bucket 1/2 filled with water, then pour mix through screen into
nearly filled spray tank. Finish filling tank. Keep agitator running during filling and spraying.

3. Crops:

alfalfa

beans (except lima)

4. Insects Controlled:

aphids

beet webworm
black bean aphid
Colorado potato beetle
corn earworm

canning peas field corn seed peas sunflowers

clover potatoes sugar beets sweet corn

corn leaf aphid
green peach aphid
leafhoppers
pea aphid

pea weevil
potato aphid
potato flea beetle
potato leafhopper

spittle bug
sunflower beetle
tarnished plant bug
tuber flea beetle

5. When Used: Repeat as necessary unless directed otherwise.

Alfalfa, clover: Apply soon after spittle bug eggs hatch. Do not apply when bees are present.

Corn, peas: Do not apply more than twice per season. Apply to peas only if crop is to be harvested by
combine.

Sugar beets, sunflowers: Do not apply more than once per season.

Sunflower beetle: Economic threshold - 1 - 2 adults/seedling or 10 - 15 larvae/plant causing
25% defoliation on the upper 8 - 12 leaves.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Lower rate for young insects (larvae), light infestations or sparse foliage.

Crop

Insect

EC/WP

Quanity/ac

Alfalfa, clover

Spittle bugs

0.3 L/ac

Beans (except lima)

Black bean aphid, green clover worm.

0.6 L/ac

Mexican bean beetle, potato leafhopper

445 - 605 g/ac

Canning peas

Pea aphid, pea weevil

0.6 - 0.8 l/ac

445 - 710 g/ac

Field com, sweet com

Corn earworm

1,1 - 1.7 L/ac

Corn leaf aphid

1.1 L/ac

Potatoes

Aphids, Colorado potato beetle, potato flea

0.6 L/ac

beetle, potato leafhopper, tuber flea beetle

445 g/ac

Tarnished plant bug

0.8 L/ac

605 - 710 g/ac

(continued)

369

Insecticides

Thiodan/Endosulfan/Thionex EC (cont'd)

(continued}

Crop

Insect

EC/WP

Quanity/ac

Sugar beete

Sunflower

Beet webworm
Green peach aphid
Sunflower beetle

1.1 lyac
0.8 l/ac
0.6 L/ac

Water volume: Thorough wetting of all plant parts is essential for good results.

Nozzles: Flat fan recommended.

7. Application Tips: Apply during late evening. Spray upper and lower leaf surfaces. Prevent sprays or dusts
from drifting to areas occupied by people or animals.

8. How it Works: A non-systemic, organochloride insecticide/acaricide with both contact and stomach action.

9. Grazing, Cropping and Other Restrictions: Pre-harvest intervals (days): alfalfa (30), beans (2),

corn (50), clover (30), peas (7), potatoes (1), sugar beets (45), sunflower (60). Do not feed alfalfa or clover
forage within 30 days of application. Do not feed treated bean threshings or crop refuse to livestock. Do not
feed fresh, dry or ensiled pea vines and pea pods to any livestock or allow grazing in treated fields. Do not
feed treated sugar beet foliage to livestock; however, roots may be fed. Do not feed treated sunflower foliage
to livestock.

Succeeding crops: Do not apply to crops that are to be followed by a root crop other than carrots,
potatoes, sweet potatoes or sugar beets.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = technical 80-110 mg/kg. Toxic to bees.
Highly toxic to fish. Moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Do not contaminate streams or lakes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Nausea, headache, general feeling of being unwell, followed by generalized
convulsion.

Decontamination:

Spilled powder: Cover with sawdust or dirt to prevent scattering. Apply sodium carbonate, caustic soda or
hydrated lime on contaminated area. After 1 hour, collect and wash paved areas with water.

Spilled liquid: Decontaminate with any of above alkaline chemicals and allow to stand for 1 hour. Apply
sawdust, talc or sand to absorb all liquid. Decontaminate tools with hydrated lime. Dispose of waste in
accordance with provincial requirements.

Notes to physician: Do not give stimulants. Epinephrine or equedrine may cause ventricular fibrillation.
Use an anti-convulsant.

12. Storage: Do not store E.C. below -7°C.

370

Name Page/s

Chemical Control of Plant Diseases in Alberta ... 372

Introduction 372

Chemical control of disease 372

Seed Treatment of Cereal, Forage, Oilseed and

Pulse Crops 372

Purpose of seed treatment 372

Methods of seed treatment 373

Fungicide Group Classification by
Mode of Action 373

Seed Treatment

Agrox B-2 375

Agrox CD 375

Allegiance FL 376

Apron FL 376

Ba)Ttan 30 377

captan 378

Captan Flowable 378

carbathiin 397

carbathiin + thiabendazole 381

carbathiin + thiram 384,396

Charter 379

Crown 381

D-B Red 382

DCT 383

diazinon + captan 375

diazinon + captan + thiophanate methyl 383

difenoconazole + metalaxyl-M 384

Dividend XL RTA 384

fludioxonil 388

Foundation Lite 386

iprodione + thiram 386

MancoPlus 387

mancozeb 387

maneb 382

Manzate 200 387

Maxim PSP 388

Mertect SC 389

metalaxyl 376

metiram 390

Polyram 16D 390

Potato Seed Treatment 387

Raxil FL 391

Raxil 250 391

Senator PSPT 392

tebuconazole 391

Name Page/s

thiabendazole 389

thiophanate methyl 392

thiram 393

Thiram 75WP 393

triadimenol 377

triticonazole 379

Tuberseal 387

Vitaflo 280 394

Vitavax Powder 394

Vitavax rs Fungicide 396

Vitavax Single Solution 397

Foliar Treatment

Acrobat MZ 399

azoyystrobin 416

Benlate 50WP 400

Benlate Toss-N-Go 400

benomyl 400

boscalid 412

Bravo 419

Bravo 500 401

chlorothalonil 401

chlorothalonil + metalaxyl 419

copper hydroxide 414

Curzate 60 DF 403

cymoxanil 403

dimethomorph + mancozeb 399

Dithane M-22 407

Dithane DG Rainshield NT 405

fenamidone 418

Gavel 75 DF 408

Headline 409

iprodione 423

Kumulus DF 411

Lance 412

mancozeb 405

mancozeb + zoxamide 408

maneb 407

Manzate 200 405

metalaxyl + mancozeb 420

metiram 415

Parasol WP/FL 414

Penncozeb 75DF 405

Polyram 16D 415

Polyram DF 415

propamocarbhydrochloride + chlorothalonil 427

371

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Fungicide Index (cont'd)

Name Page/s

propiconazole 428

pyraclostrobin 409

Quadris 416

Reason 500 SC 418

Ridomil Gold 419

Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP 420

Ronilan EG 422

Rovral Flo 423

Rovral WP 423

Senator 70WP 425

Stratego 250 EC 426

sulfur 411

Tattoo C 427

thiophanate methyl 425

Tilt 250E 428

trifloyystrobin + propiconazole 426

vinclozolin 422

Chemical Control of Plant
Diseases in Alberta

Introduction

Plants, like other living organisms, are attacked by
many diseases that are caused by fungi, bacteria,
viruses, mycoplasmas and nematodes. The
management of plant diseases is based on four
general parameters:

• Exclusion or quarantine, i.e. prevention of a
disease organism or diseased plant material from
entering a country or disease-free area where
the disease could become established.

• Protection whereby proper sanitation
practices, chemical controls, adequate soil
nutrient levels and good soil drainage may be
used to protect plants from disease organisms,

• Eradication involving the use of crop rotations
or the application of eradicant chemicals such as
fungicides.

• Plant breeding whereby crop plants are
selected for partial or complete resistance to a
specific disease or range of infectious diseases.

Chemical control of disease

At present, foliar fungicides are registered for
Sclerotinia white mold and blackleg control in
canola, cereal leaf diseases, field beans, lentils and
foliar diseases of potatoes. For convenience, dual
purpose treatments with the insecticide lindane and
diazinon, used in seed-treatment formulations,
have been included in this chapter on fungicides.
For principles and procedures involving the use of
plant disease control chemicals, follow the
information outlined in the first section of this
guide.

Seed Treatment of Cereal,

Forage, Oilseed and Pulse Crops

Purpose of seed treatment

Seed treatment provides economical insurance
against many diseases and some insect pests of seed
and seedlings. Chemical treatment can give
seedlings a head start by preventing or reducing
damage resulting from certain crop pests.

In Alberta, fungal diseases of some field crops may
be subject to direct chemical control by fungicides.
Control of most other field crop diseases relies on
alternate methods. The major use of fungicides in
these crops, at present, is in the treatment of seeds
(cereal, forage, oilseed) and potato seed pieces.
This situation may change in the near future as
grain growers move to adopt more intensive crop
management strategies in an attempt to increase
profit margins.

Diseases are controlled by contact fungicides that
destroy fungi carried on the seed, such as common
bunt of wheat, the surface-borne smuts of barley
and oats, fungus stripe of barley, and some leaf-
spotting and seed decay fungi. Systemic fungicides
destroy fungi carried in the seed, such as loose
smut of wheat and barley, and they protect the
early growth of the seedling.

372

Specific recommendations:

• Rye and flax should be treated because they are
very susceptible to seed decay.

• Winter wheat should be treated to prevent bunt
and seed decay as well as to promote good
seedling growth.

• If bunt or smut was observed in a crop that will
be used for seed, the grain should be treated. If a
variety is grown that is susceptible to bunt or
smut and the presence of the disease is
uncertain, it may be wise to treat the seed
annually or every second year, depending on the
susceptibility of the variety.

• Canola should always be treated to control the
seed-borne phase of blackleg.

• Alfalfa seed is treated to control verticillium wilt.

Insecticidal seed treatment will prevent or reduce

damage caused by certain crop pests.

• Crops on newly-broken land or cereals on fields
with previous wireworm damage should be
treated with an insecticide formulation. For a
lasting effect, the treatment should be done over
two consecutive years.

• Canola and mustard are protected against flea
beetles by lindane formulations. Granular
insecticides offer extended protection.

Methods of seed treatment
Custom treatment

Fungicides are applied to the seed sometime before
planting. Seed cleaning plants are equipped to treat
seed with liquid fungicides. Farmers can use a
variety of methods for both liquid and dry
formulation application.

Drill box treatment

Seed is treated directly in the drill box. Fungicides
and seed are layered and then mixed thoroughly.
This technique avoids the problem of storing
treated seed or treating more seed than necessary
for planting. Use protective gloves, clothing and
breathing equipment for this operation.

Precautions

• read and follow label directions carefully

• treated seed must not be allowed to
contaminate grain intended for food, feed or
commercial use

• bury leftover treated seed or store it safely in
labelled bags for future use as seed

• treated seed offered for sale must be labelled
with the name of the treated chemicals
(Canada Seed Act)

• treated seed in transit must be bagged or bulk
loads tarped to prevent spillage (Alberta Act)

1 Fungicide Group Classification by Mode of Action I

Mods of action

Chemical family

Active ingredients

Found in

Group 1

Inhibition of tublin

Benzimidazole

benomyl

Benlate 50WP, Benlate Toss-N-Go

formation.

thiabendazole

Crown, Mertect SC

thiophanate-methyl

DCP, Senator 70WR Senator PSPT

Group 2

Affect DIMA and RIM A

Dicarboximides

iprodione

Foundation Lite, Rovral Flo, Rovral WP

- synthesis & metabolism.

vinclozolin

Roniian EG

Group 3

Demethylation inhibitors.

Tri azoles

difenoconazole

Dividend XL RTA, Helix \ Helix XTra’'

(includes conazoles)

propiconazole

Tilt 250E, Stratego 250 EC

tebuconazole

Raxil 250, Raxil FL

triadimenol

Baytan 30

triticonazole

373

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Fungicide Group Classification by Mode of Action

Mode of action

Cbemical family

Active ingredients

Found in

Group 4

Phenylamides. Affects
RNA synthesis.

Acylamides

metal axyl
metal axyl'M

Allegiance Ft, Apron Ft, Bravo, Prosper*,
Ridomil Gold, Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP
Dividend XL RTA, Helix*, Helix XTra*

Group 5

Morpholines inhibition of
an isomerase in sterol
biosynthesis.

Morpholines

dimethomorph

Acrobat MZ

Group 7

Oxathiin. Affect
mitochondrial transport
chain.

Anilide (oxathiin)

boscalid

carbathiin

Lance

Crown, Gadcho 480*, Gaucho GS FL*,
Prosper*, Vitaflo 280, Vltavax Powder,
Vitavax rs Fungicide,

Vitavax Single Solution

Group 1 1

Strobilurin type action
and resistance. Inhibit
mitochondrial respiration.

Strobilurin

azoxystrobin

cymoxanil

fenamidone

pyraclostrobin

trifloxystrobin

Quadris
Curzate 60 DF
Reason 500 SC
Headline
Stratego 250 EC

Group 12

Phenylpyrroles,

Phenylpyrroles

fludioxonil

Helix*, Helix XTra*, Maxim PSP

Group 22

zoxamide

Gavel 75 DF

Group M

Multi-site activity.

Chloronitrile

chlorothalonil

Bravo, Bravo 500, Ridomil Gold, Tattoo C
Acrobat MZ Oithane DG Rainshield NT,
Gavel 75 DF, MancoPlus, Manzate 200,
Penncozeb 75DF, Potato Seed Treatment,
Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP, Tuberseal
D‘B Red, Dithane M-22
Polyram 16D, Poiyram DF
Foundation Lite, Gaucho 480*,

Gaucho CS FL*, Prosper*, Thiram 75WP
Vitaflo 280, Vitavax Powder,

Vitavax rs Fungicide
Parasol WP/FL
Kumulus DF

Agrox B-2*, Agrox CD*,

Captan Flowable, DCT*

Dithi ocarbamates

Inorganic

Phthalimide

mancozeb

maneb

metiram

thiram

copper hydroxide

sulfur

captan

Group U

Unclassified

Carbamate

propamocarb-

hydrochloride

Tattoo C

* Contains fungicide and insecticide combination.

374

Agrox B-2/Agrox CD (diazinon + captan)

Fungicide - Insecticide

Group 1 B (Insecticide) Group M (Fungicide)

Manufacturer; Norac Concepts Inc

DANGER POISON

1. Formulation:

Seed treatment: Powders; Agrox B-2; 11% diazinon + 33.5% captan; 2 kg container.

Agrox CD; 15% diazinon + 15% captan; 200 g and 600 g tube.

2. Registered Mixes: Use this product only on seed previously treated with captan or thiram. Do not use on
seed already treated with an insecticide (other than methoxychlor or malathion).

I 3. Crops: Beans, corn, peas, soybeans.

i 4. Diseases Controlled: Captan in this formulation supplements previous fungicide treatment for seedling
I blight and seed rot.

j Insects controlled: Root maggots, seed maggots.

* 5. When Used: At planting time.

6. How to Apply:

with: Protective equipment, using standard dry seed treatment methodology described. Agrox B-2 may be
made into a slurry for application onto seed. Read label for specific mixing instructions.

DriU box treatment: At the start, treat enough seed in a separate container to cover bottom of empty drill
box. Mix product and seed thoroughly until seed is a uniform colour using the following mixing method
(Do not mix with hands) :

1. Place and level 1/2 of the seed in drill box and sprinkle 1/2 of the required amount of product uniformly
over seeds. Mix thoroughly with a paddle. Fill box with seed and sprinkle remaining 1/2 of product over
seed, mix again. Thoroughly mix with a paddle when drillbox is 1/2 full and again when full.

Rate:

Agrox B-2

Agrox CO

Crop

Disease

Insect

miy25 kg seed

mty2S kg seed

Com

Seed rot, seedling blight

Seed corn maggots

Beans (all)

Seed rot, seedling blight

Seed com maggots

Peas

Seed rot, seedling blight

Seed corn maggots

Soybean

Seed rot, seedling blight

Seed corn maggots

7. Application Tips: Treat only the amount of seed to be sown to avoid the problem of storing treated seed.

8. How it Works: A protective seed treatment for the control of seedling diseases and the control of soil
insects.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not use treated seed for food, feed or oil processing.

10. Toxicity: Oral LD30 (rats) captan = 8,400 - 15,000 mg/kg, diazinon = 300 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take
patient to nearest hospital, taking the labelled container with you.

Toxicology: Diazinon may cause cholinesterase inhibition. Atropine is antidotal.

375

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Agrox B-2/Agrox CD (cont'd)

1 2. Storage: Store in cool, dry place away from food or feed. Keep container closed when not in use. Keep away
from fire and sparks. Stored treated grain should be labelled: “Do not use for food or feed. This seed
has been treated with Agrox CD. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of
children.”

Apron FL/Allegiance FL

(metalaxyl)

For Commercial Seed Treaters Only

Group4

Manufacturer. Gustafson Partnership

Formulation: Water-based liquid suspension, 317 g/L . Apron 3.78 L; Allegiance 3.78 L.

Registered Mixes: Apron FL may be applied to seed treated with Vitaflo 280, Vitavax rs Flowable or
Thiram 75 WP to provide a broader spectrum of disease control.

Crops: Alfalfa, barley, beans, birds-foot trefoil, canola, chickpeas, clover, field corn, forage grasses, low
tannin lentils, oats, peas, rapseed, rye, sainfoin, soybeans, sugar beets, sunflowers, sweet corn, turf grasses,
vetch, wheat.

Diseases Controlled: Seed rots and seedling blights caused by Pythium species. Early season Phytophthora
in soybeans and downy mildew in corn, peas, sunflower.

When Used: Apply as a seed treatment prior to planting. Apron FL is sold only to commercial seed treaters
who can comply with regulations pertaining to colouration of treated seed enforced under the Seeds Act.

How to Apply:

With: Accurate seed treating equipment. Consult Gustafson for information on seed treating equipment,
calibration and use of colourants. Seed quality should be checked before committing a seed lot to chemical
treatment. Avoid treating mechanically-damaged seed.

Rate: Apron FL should be mixed with water to form a slurry seed treatment.

Alfalfa, beans, clover, field com, sainfoin, sweet com, vetch

Canola, processing peas, rapeseed

Chickpeas, dry peas

Forage grasses, soybeans

Low tannin lentils

Sugar beets, turf grasses

Sunflowers

Apron FI/
Allegiance FL

Water

Total volume

ml/100 kg seed

46-110

454 - 390

500

32-110

484 - 390

500

16 - 110

484 - 390

500

46-93

454 - 407

500

484

500

407

500

110-189*

390 - 311

500

* High rate needed for downy mildew control.

Note: A suitable seed colourant such as Gustafson Pro-Ized Seed Colourant must be added to the slurry
prior to application on seed. Follow instructions on the colourant package for mixing with the Apron FL
slurry.

376

Apron FL/Allegiance FL (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Use only recommended rates.

8. How it Works: Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide that is absorbed into the germinating seed and is
transported through the growing seedling, providing control of seed and seedling diseases.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze or feed livestock on crops grown from treated seed for four
weeks after planting.

1 0. Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity value. Acute oral (rats) product = 2,900 mg/kg. Mild skin irritant.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store product in original container only, away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed. Keep
container closed.

13. Resistance Management: Apron FL/Allegience FL fungicide contains a Group 4 fungicide. Any fungal
population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Apron FL/Allegience FL fungicide and other
Group 4 fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest control may occur over time if these fungicides are used
repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management
strategies should be followed.

1. Formulation: Water-based liquid suspension, 3.78 L package.

2. Registered Mixes: Baytan 30 may be applied to seed previously treated with Vitaflo 280.

3. Crops: Barley, wheat.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Barley: Covered smut, false loose smut, leaf stripe, true loose smut and suppresses common root rot,
net blotch, scald.

Wheat: Controls powdery mildew, stinking smut (common bunt), true loose smut and suppresses take-all.

5. When Used: Apply as a seed treatment prior to planting. Baytan 30 is sold only to commercial seed treaters
who can comply with regulations pertaining to colouration of treated seed enforced under the Seeds Act.

6. How to Apply: Baytan 30 will only be applied by certified commercial applicators. Consultation with a
Gustafson technical representative is recommended for information on seed treating equipment and
calibration, use of colourants and premixing with Vitaflo 280.

Baytan 30 (triadimenol)

For Commercial Seed Treaters Only

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Fungicides -Seed Treatment

Baytan 30 (cont'd)

Rate:

Baytan 30

Water added

Slurry

Crop treated

miyiOO kg seed

application rate

Barley, spring wheat

200 - 450

250 - 500 mL

Winter wheat

100

150- 400

250 - 500 mL

Note: A suitable seed colourant such as Gustafson Pro-lzed Seed Colourant must be added to the slurry
prior to application on seed. Follow instructions on the colourant package for mixing with the Baytan 30
slurry. The addition of a seed colourant is not required when applying Baytan 30 to seed already treated with
Vitaflo 280. The seed will already be sufficiently coloured from the application of Vitaflo 280.

7. Application Tips:

1. Certified commercial applicators are advised to consult with the manufacturer regarding special
application procedures.

2. Baytan treated seed should not be planted at depths exceeding 4 cm.

3. Do not apply Baytan to mechanically damaged seed or to seed lots of unknown or poor quality.
How it Works: Triadimenol is a systemic fungicide that is absorbed into the germinating seed and
transported through the growing seedling, providing control of seed and seedling diseases.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze or feed livestock on crops grown from treated seed for
40 days after planting.

10.

Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity value. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) product = 3,300 mg/kg. Moderate skin
irritant.

11.

12.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Keep out
of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If inhaled, remove victim to fresh air. If breathing has ceased, clear airway and begin artificial respiration.
If victim has difficulty breathing, give oxygen. Contact a physician or Poison Control Centre.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Administer water freely and induce vomiting by giving one dose
(15 mL) of syrup of ipecac. If vomiting does not occur within 10 - 20 minutes, administer a second dose. If
syrup of ipecac is not available, induce vomiting by sticking finger down throat. Repeat until vomit fluid is
clear. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Contact a physician or Poison Control Centre.
Storage: store product in original container only, away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed. Keep
container closed.

Captan Flowable (captan)

Group M

Manufacturer; Norac Concepts tnc.

1. Formulation: Flowable; Captan 30% methoxychlor 3% liquid suspension; 20 L container.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Dry beans, field corn, lima beans, peas, snap beans, soybeans, sugar beets, sweet corn.

4. Diseases Controlled: Damping off, root rot, seed decay, seedling blight.

378

Captan Flowable (cont'd)

5. When Used: A seed treatment in the slurry method applied prior to seeding.

6. How to Apply:

with: Protective equipment, using standard seed treatment methodology described.

Slurry method: Apply in slurry treater equipment with the amount of water required. Seed treated by this
method should be dried before bagging.

Rate:

Crop

Bean, pea, soybean
Field corn
Sugar beet
Sweet corn

Damping off, root rot, seed decay, seedling blight
Damping off, root rot, seed decay, seedling blight
Damping off, root rot, seed decay, seedling blight
Damping off, root rot, seed decay, seedling blight

30% Captan FL
ml/25 kg seed

30-50

155

60-85

This rate is to be applied only by a professional applicator to ensure complete and uniform coverage.

7. Application Tips: None.

8. How it Works: A protective seed treatment for the control of seed and seedling diseases.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed treated seed to livestock. Do not expose treated seed to
birds and other wildlife.

1 0. Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity. Captain LD^^ (rats) = 8,400 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take labelled container with you.

1 2. Storage: In cool, dry place away from flammable materials and sources of heat and flame and away from
foodstuffs. Stored, treated grain should be labelled: “Do not use for food or feed. This seed has
been treated with captan.”

Charter (triticonazole)

Group 3

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulation: 25g/L triticonazole FS.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley, oats, wheat.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Barley: Covered smut, false loose smut, loose smut, seed rot (Fusarium spp.), seedling blight (seed- and
soil-borne Fusarium spp.), suppression of Fusarium crown and root rot.

Oats: Covered smut, loose smut.

Wheat: Common smut, loose smut, seed rot (Fusarium spp.), seedling blight (seed- and soil-borne
Fusarium spp.), suppression of Fusarium crown and root rot.

379

Fungicides - Seed Treatmem

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Charter (cont'd)

5. When Used: Seed treatment.

6. How to Apply; Seed should be well conditioned and cleaned before treating with Charter. Treated seed
should not require drying after treatment and can be stored or bagged immediately. Uniform seed coverage
is required for good disease control. To ensure adequate seed coverage, add Charter to seed slowly in a
calibrated treating equipment system to ensure proper rates. Thoroughly mix the recommended amount of
Charter into the required amount of water for the treated seed, and follow manufacturer’s instructions for
the seed treating equipment being used.

Rate:

100 mL concentrate/ 100 kg seed (300 mL diluted product/ 100 kg seed).

Mixing instructions: When using 100 mL/100 kg seed. Charter must be diluted with water to provide
adequate application volume to ensure good coverage of seed and mix thoroughly. For best results add 2
parts water with 1 part Charter while adding sufficient dye to ensure optimal seed colouration.

Bushels treated

Container size Barley* Date** Wheat***

3.1 L jug of concentrate 142 201 114

66.7 L drum of concentrate 3,064 4,325 2,451

* Based on 48 Ibs/bu
" * Based on 34 Ibs/bu
*** Based on 60 Ibs/bu

Important: Recommended dilution is 2 parts water plus one part concentrate.

7. Application Tips: Uniform coverage is important to obtain optimum disease control.

8. How it Works: Charter is a systemic seed treatment that controls certain seed-borne diseases.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not use treated seed for food, feed or oil processing. Do not feed
treated seed, or otherwise expose, to wildlife or domestic birds.

10 Toxicity: Acute oral = >5,000 mg/kg rats. Acute dermal = >2,000 mg/kg rabbits. Tested as mildly irritating
to the eye. Tested as slightly irritating to the skin (rabbits). Do not feed treated seed or otherwise expose
wildlife or domestic birds. If treated seed is spilled outdoors or in areas accessible to birds, promptly clean
up or bury to prevent ingestion. Do not contaminate domestic or irrigation water supplies, lakes, streams,
ponds or any other body of water.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Harmful if inhaled. Avoid inhaling or breathing
dust. Wear chemical resistant gloves and chemical resistant coveralls when handling Charter or treated seed.
When handling Charter and when treating seed or while auguring or handling treated seed, work in a well
ventilated area. Wear a NIOSH-approved dust filtering respirator during cleanup activities or if working area
is not well ventilated. Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling the concentrate and after
application. Keep out of reach of children.

Remove person from contaminated area; remove contaminated clothing. Keep patient warm, comfortable
and at rest. If in eyes, irrigate with water for 20 minutes. Get medical attention. If on skin, wash exposed
skin with soap and cold water. If inhaled, if breathing stops, start artificial respiration. If swallowed, if
patient is conscious, wash out mouth. Induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with finger or
blunt object. Do not give milk or oils. Get medical attention.

12. Storage: Protect from frost and freezing. Do not store Charter seed treatment fungicide near feed or
foodstuffs.

1 3. Resistance Management: For resistance management, note that Charter seed treatment fungicide contains
a Group 3 fungicide. Some loss of disease control may occur over time if triticonazole or other Group 3
fungicides in this group are used repeatedly or consecutively in successive years on the same fields, due to
development of resistant strains of pathogens. It is recommended that fungicides with a different mode of
action be alternated in the disease control program.

380

Crown (carbathiin + thiabendazole)

Group 7,1

Manufacturer: Gustafson Partnership

1. Formulation: 10 L jug; 92 g/L carbathiin + 58 g/L thiabendazole, 10 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.
i 3. Crops: Chickpeas, lentils.

1 4. Diseases Controlled: Chickpeas: Seed-borne Ascoch)rta (Ascochyta rabili). Lentils: Seed-borne Ascochyta

(Ascochyta lends), seedling blight, seed rot.

I 5. When Used: Pre-seeding or drill box treatment.

I 6. How to Apply:

j with: Protective equipment, using standard dry seed treatment methodology described. Seed-dressing
equipment for liquid formulations. Clean planter plates periodically to prevent excessive chemical powder
build-up.

Pre-seeding treatment: Crown can be applied in a continuous treating operation with S-Series Treaters
or OFT Treaters, batch treaters or cement mixers.

Rate: Chickpeas: 75 - 150 mL/25 kg. Lentils: 150 mL/25 kg.

7. Application Tips: it is important that the seed and chemical are mixed quickly and uniformly. Crown’s liquid
properties enable this product to act as a sticker for innoculants. The product is SAFE to the nitrogen fixing
bacterium found in peat and granular innoculants.

8. How it Works: Thiabendazole, a fungicide, controls seed-borne diseases. Carbathiin, a systemic fungicide,
penetrates the seed coat to control diseases of the seed and seedling. Controls the diseases listed.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not use treated seed for feed, food or oil processing. Do not leave
treated seed exposed to birds or animals.

1 0. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) carbathiin = 3,820 mg/kg; thiabendazole = 3,300 mg/kg.

If in eyes, flush immediately with running water. If on skin, wash with warm water and soap.

If swallowed, seek medical attention immediately.

Symptoms of poisoning: Skin contact with fungicides may result in irritation and dermatitis.

1 2. Storage: Do not store in or around the home. Do not store Crown at temperatures below 0°C or exceeding
35°C. Label stored, treated seed with: “Do not use for food, feed or oil-processing. This seed has
been treated with carbathiin + thiabendazole. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of
reach of children.”

381

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

D-B Red (maneb)

<$>

WARNING POISON

1 . Formulations: 323 g/1 liquid.

2. Registered Mixes: Compatible with most insecticides and fungicides but not with Bordeaux mixture or lime.

3. Crops: Barley, oats, rye and wheat.

4. Diseases Controlled: Bunt, covered smut, false loose smut, root rot, seed borne seedling blight.

5. When Used:

Pre-seeding or drill box treatment: Treat seed before sowing. Seed should be well cured, dry and
cleaned before treatment. Do not store treated grain more than 1 year.

Potatoes: Apply early (when plants are 15 cm high) and treat at 7 - 10 day intervals throughout the season.
Shorten interval to 5 - 7 days when weather favours disease.

6. How to Apply:

with: Protective equipment, using standard dry seed treatment methodology described.

Pre-seeding treatment: Apply with any standard dry seed treatment application equipment or the shovel
method.

Drill box treatment: At the start, treat enough seed in a separate container to cover bottom of empty drill
box. Mix product and seed thoroughly until seed is a uniform colour by the following alternate mixing
methods (Do not mix with hands):

Place and level 1/2 of the seed in drill box and sprinkle 1/2 of the required amount of product uniformly
over seed. Mix thoroughly with a paddle. Fill box with seed and sprinkle remaining 1/2 of product over
seed, mix again, or

Dribble the required amount of product into seed as it is poured into drill box. Thoroughly mix with a
paddle when drill box is 1/2 full and again when full, or

Apply through a mechanical dispenser or proportioner that attaches to the auger that conveys seed into
the drill box.

Water volume: Foliar spray: Potatoes: 325 - 405 L/ac; Heavy vines: 405 - 610 L/ac.

Rate:

Crop Disease inL/25 kg seed

Barley Covered smut, false loose smut, root rot, 99

seed-borne seedling blight
Flax Damping off, seedHing blight

Oats Covered smut, loose smut, root rot, 1 38

seed-borne seedling blight

Rye Bunt root rot seed-borne seedling blight 65

Wheat Bunt root rot, seed-borne seedling blight 78

7. Application Tips: Treat only the amount of seed to be sown to avoid the problem of storing treated seed.
Slurry treatment not recommended for flax. Calibrate treater prior to treating seed. Use only recommended
rates. Lower amounts may not give the desired control. Excessive amounts may cause seed injury.

8. How it Works: D-B Red is a protective seed treatment fungicide.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Potatoes (1). Do not feed treated seed to
livestock. Do not expose treated seed to birds and other wildlife.

382

D-B Red (cont'd)

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) maneb = 6,750 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take
patient to nearest hospital, taking the labelled container with you.

1 2. Storage: Store product in a cool, dry place away from food or feed. Prevent the contents from becoming wet
as this will reduce effectiveness and may cause flammable vapours. Keep away from fire and sparks. Stored,
treated grain should be labelled: "Do not use for food or feed. This seed has been treated with
maneb. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of children.”

13. Resistance Management: D-B Red is a group M fungicide. Any fungal population may contain individuals
naturally resistant to D-B Red and other group M fungicides. A gradual or total lost of pest of control may
occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms that
are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also
exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

DCT (diazinon + captan + thiophanate methyl)

Fungicide - Insecticide

Group IB (Insecticide) Group M,1 (Fungicide)

Manufacturer; Norac Concepts Inc.

1. Formulation: Wettable powder contains diazinon 6% -I- captan 18% -I- thiophanate-methyl 14%.

10 kg and 400 g.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Common dry beans, sweet corn.

4. Diseases Controlled: Common dry beans: Seedling blight and root rot, seed-borne Anthracnose.

Sweet corn: Seed-borne Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium spp.

Insects controlled: Root maggots.

5. When Used: As a seed treatment at planting time.

6. How to Apply:

Common dry beans - slurry machines: Use 520 g seed treatment per litre of water and apply 1 L of slurry per
100 kg of seed. For other rates of slurry application, adjust to maintain 130 g of seed treatment per 25 kg of
seed. Hand mixing: For each 25 kg of seed, use 130 g in 350 mL of water. Mix well to keep powder
suspended in water. Pour mixture over the seed, and mix with a paddle or shovel until seed is coated evenly.
Dry the seed before seeding or bagging.

Sweet corn - as a seed box treatment: Apply 125 g of DCT to 25 kg of seed. When starting with an empty
planter, place enough treated seed in the planter box to cover the bottom. Treat this seed in a separate
container that can be destroyed later. Add the remaining seed to the planter box, and treat by stirring
thoroughly with a paddle or lath so that the seed is coated with the seed treatment.

7. Application Tips: See “How to Apply:'

8. How it Works: DCT is a protective seed treatment for the control of seedling diseases and soil insects.

9. Grazing and Harvost Restrictions: Do not use treated seed for food, feed or oil processing.

383

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

DCT (cont'd)

1 0. Toxicity: Diazinon may cause cholinesterase inhibition. If poisoning occurs, get prompt medical aid.
Atropine is antidotal.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: May be fatal if swallowed. Never handle material with bare hands. Use rubber
gloves; do not use leather or cloth gloves. Avoid spilling on skin or clothing. Do not breathe dust. When
treating, auguring or handling treated seed, work in a well ventilated area, and wear a respirator, goggles
and gloves. When handling or applying, wear a respirator, goggles and clothing that completely covers arms
and legs to minimize exposure. Change contaminated clothing daily, and wash thoroughly before reuse.
Wash hands, face and arms thoroughly after handling this product and before drinking, eating or smoking.
Shower after use or at the end of workday. Wash clothing and gloves before reuse. Always work out of the
wind during mixing and loading operations. Keep unprotected persons out of the operating area or vicinity
where there may be drift. Do not contaminate food or feed. Do not contaminate any body of water. If an
accident occurs, remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Keep out
of reach of children.

In case of poisoning, call a physician or Poison Control Centre immediately. If on skin, remove
contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. If in eyes, flush with water for
5-10 minutes and obtain medical attention. If swallowed, give the patient one to two glasses of water
and cause vomiting by giving one dose of syrup of ipecac. If the patient does not vomit within 20 minutes,
give a second dose. If syrup of ipecac is not available, give the patient one to two glasses of water and cause
vomiting by inserting a finger down the throat. Repeat with water until vomit fluid is clear. The patient
should be l)dng down with the head below the level of the feet. Do not try to cause vomiting if the patient is
unconscious or in a convulsive state.

12.

Storage: store in cool, dry place away from food or feed. Keep containers closed when not in use. Treated
seed should be coloured and labelled: “Poisonous to humans and animals. This seed has been
treated with Diazinon, Captan and thiophanate-methyl for control of insects and seed-
borne diseases. Do not use for food or feed purposes.”

Dividend XL RTA

(difenoconazole + metalaxyl-M)

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada tn^

Group 3,4

WARNING POISON

1. Formulation: 3.48% FS; 3.37% difenoconazole + 0.27% metalaxyl-M; 2 x 10 L jugs, 115 x 450 returnable
totes.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley, durum wheat, spring wheat and winter wheat varieties.

4. Diseases Controlled: Dwarf bunt, loose smut, seed- and soil-borne common bunt, seed- and soil-borne
Fusarium, seed-borne Septoria, general seed rots (caused by Saproph)n;ic fungi such as Penicillium and
Aspergillus), lithium damping off, early season control of Septoria leaf blotch.

Fungi suppressed: Common root rot (Cochliobolus spp.) and take-all, Fusarium crown and root rot.

5. When Used: Treat seed prior to or at seeding.

6. How to Apply:

With: Dividend XL RTA can be applied on farm or commercially. Dividend XL RTA may be applied to seed
with any standard gravity flow or mist-type seed treatment equipment that accurately meters and mixes a
flowable seed treatment. Dividend XL RTA may also be used with treat-on-the-go air seeders. The application

384

Dividend XL RTA (cont'd)

Durum wheat,
spring wheat

Winter wheat

miyioo kg

325

equipment used must provide uniform coverage of Dividend XL RTA on the seed. Uneven seed coverage may
not give the desired level of disease control.

Rate:

Crop

Barley Common root rot, covered smut false loose smut

Fusarium crown and root rot Pythium damping off, seed rot,
seed-borne Fusarium

All of the above diseases plus seed-borne Septoria
Common bunt general seed rot loose bunt Pythium damping off,
seedling blight caused by seed- and soil-borne Fusarium
Suppression of common root rot {Cochliobolus spp.),

Fusarium crown and root rot, take-all
All of the above diseases plus seed-borne Septoria
Common bunt dwarf bunt, general seed rots, loose smut,

Pythium damping off, seedling blight caused by seed- and
soil-borne Fusarium

Suppression of common root rot {Cochliobolus spp.),

Fusarium crown and root rot take-all
All of the above diseases plus Septoria leaf blotch

650

325

650

325

650

Note: One 10 L jug of Dividend XL RTA applied at the 325 mL/100 kg seed rate will treat 112 bushels of
wheat, and 140 bushels of barley.

7. Application Tips: Uniform coverage is important to obtain optimum results in the field.

8. How it Works: Dividend XL RTA is a systemic seed treatment, which controls or suppresses certain seed- and
soil-borne diseases of barley and wheat.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze, feed green forage or cut for hay within 55 days of
planting. Do not plant any crop other than wheat within 30 days to fields in which treated seeds were
planted.

1 0. Toxicity: Practically non-toxic acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 5,050 mg/kg. Toxic to fish
and other aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. If
treated seed is spilled outdoors or in areas accessible to birds, promptly clean up or bury to prevent
ingestion.

11. Precautions, First Aid: when handling Dividend XL RTA, contaminated equipment or seed treated with
Dividend XL RTA, wear long pants, a long-sleeved shirt and chemical resistant gloves. Harmful if swallowed.
Avoid contact with eyes or prolonged contact with skin. Avoid inhalation of vapours or spray mist. Wash
hands and face after handling and before eating or smoking. Wear a suitable dust mask when transferring
seed to a storage bin. Keep out of the reach of children.

If in eyes, immediately rinse eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Hold eyelids apart to rinse the entire
surface of the eyes and lids. Obtain medical attention or contact a Poison Control Centre. If on skin, wash
thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and wash prior to reuse. If irritation occurs,
obtain medical attention or contact a Poison Control Centre. If inhaled, move patient to fresh air. Apply
artificial respiration if necessary. If swallowed, repeatedly administer medicinal charcoal in a large volume
of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do not induce vomiting. Obtain prompt
medical attention or contact a Poison Control Centre.

12. Storage: Keep product in heated storage prior to use.

385

Fungicides - Seed Treatmem

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

10.

11.

12.

Foundation Lite

(iprodione + thiram)

Group 2,M

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

DANGER POISON

Formulation: Liquid; 132 g/L iprodione + 88 g/L thiram; 100 L, 200 L or 1,000 L containers.

Registered Mixes: Counter 5G only.

Crops: Canola, mustard.

Diseases Controlled: Alternaria black spot and seed-borne blackleg on emerging seedlings, damping off rot
caused by Rhizoctonia solani.

When Used: Treat seed once before seeding. Do not store treated seed for more than 6 months. Treated seed
stored for more than 6 months should be tested for germination before planting.

How to Apply: Stir well before using. 100 L container treats 4,444 kg of seed; 200 L treats 8,888 kg of seed;
1,000 L treats 44,444 kg of seed.

Rate:

Foundation Lite

Crop

Disease

insect

mL/25 kg seed

Canola, mustard

Alternaria, blackleg, rhizoctonia

Flea beetles

563 mL

Application Tips: Roll drum or stir well before using. Thorough seed coverage is required. Treated seed
should not require drying after treatment and can be stored or bagged immediately. Treat only the required
amount of seed.

How it Works: iprodione fungicide protects against seed-borne blackleg, Alternaria and seedling blight
caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Thiram fungicide protects against soil-borne pathogens. Prevents the above-
mentioned diseases from developing and protects against flea beetles for a few days after seedling
emergence.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not leave treated seed exposed to birds or other animals.

Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 200 - 400 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Keep out
of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. When treating seed or while angering or handling treated seed, work
in a well ventilated area and wear a suitable respirator. Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after
handling the concentrate and after application.

Storage: Do not store in the home or near food or feed. Protect from freezing.

386

10.

11.

12.

IVIanzate 200/MancoPlus/
Tuberseal/Potato Seed

Treatment (mancozeb)

Formulation; Dispersible granule; Manzate 200; 80%; 2.5 kg, 20 kg bags. Dust; MancoPlus; Tuberseal;

16%; 10 kg bags. Potato Seed Treatment; 80%, 20 kg bag.

Registered Mixes: A dust may be prepared by diluting and thoroughly mixing Manzate 200 with prophylite
or other neutral diluent; commonly used insecticides may displace an equivalent amount of diluent. Use dust
mixtures as soon as possible after preparation. A spreader-sticker may be added to Manzate 200 in spray
preparations.

Crops: Alfalfa seed, corn, potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Fusarium decay (potato), root rot (corn).

When Used: Potato seed pieces and corn seed: treat before planting.

How to Apply:

with: Potato seed duster, protective equipment, using standard seed treatment methodology described. 1

Rate: 1

Crop

Seed treatments

Disaass

Formulation

OuantHy 1

Com seed

Root rot, seedling blight

Manzate 200

0.22 kg/100 kg seed |

Potato seed pieces

Application Tips:

Fusarium decay

Tuberseal

Potato Seed Treatment

0.5 kg^lOO kg seed

Corn seed: Apply as dust or slurry. Treated seed should not be stored.

Potato seed pieces: Thoroughly coat the surface of whole or cut potato pieces. If treated whole seed is
cut, make a second application. Plant as soon as possible after treating. If planting is delayed beyond 2 days
after treating, seed should be air dried before bagging or loose piling.

How it Works; A protective seed-treatment fungicide that controls Fusarium decay. A contact fungicide.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions:

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LDg^ (rats) mancozeb = 11,200 mg/kg. Prolonged
exposure may cause eye, nose, throat and skin irritation.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place away from fire and sparks. Do not allow product to become
wet or overheated during storage as chemical changes may reduce fungicidal effectiveness and flammable
vapours may be generated. Treated seed should be labelled: “Do not use for food or feed. This seed
has been treated with mancozeb. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of
children.”

387

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

10.

11.

12.

13.

Maxim PSP (fludioxonil)

Group 12

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

Formulation: Dust 0.5% fludioxonil formulated as a dry powder seed piece treatment. 10 kg bag.

Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: Beans, cereals, corn, field peas, grasses, oilseeds, potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Black scurf including stem and stolon canker (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium dry rot
{Fusarium spp.) and silver scurf [Helminthosporium solani).

When Used: Maxim PSP is a preplant seed piece treatment. Cut pieces should be treated immediately after
cutting. If treated seed pieces are to be bagged, they should be stored for 2 - 3 days in open crates before
bagging. For optimum protection against silver scurf, ensure that seed tubers are completely free of soil.

Total skin coverage is essential.

How to Apply:

With: Apply using appropriate seed piece treater designed for treating potatoes.

Rate: 500 g/100 kg seed.

Application Tips: For optimum protection against disease, ensure that seed pieces are completely free of
soil. Complete coverage of the seed piece with Maxim PSP is essential.

How it Works: Fludioxonil is phenylpyrrole chemistry derived and synthesized from exudates of the soil
bacterium Pseudomonas and possesses contact and local penetrant properties.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed or allow livestock to graze on treated crops.

Toxicity: Practically non-toxic, acute toxicity acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. Toxic to aquatic
invertebrates and fish. Do not contaminate domestic or irrigation water supplies, lakes, streams and ponds.
Precautions, First Aid: During treatment, wear two layers of clothing (e.g. coveralls over a full-length
undergarment, a dust mask and work boots). In addition, wear chemical-resistant gloves when handling
Maxim PSP and when handling treated seed. May be harmful if swallowed. Avoid inhalation of dust. Wash
hands and face after handling. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes, rinse with lots of water for 15 minutes. Hold eyelids apart to rinse the entire surface of the eye
and lids. Do not apply any medicating agents except on the advice of a physician. If on skin, remove
contaminated clothing and thoroughly wash the affected part of the body with soap and water. If inhaled,
remove person to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if necessary. If swallowed, give victim
1 - 2 glasses of water if conscious and induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious
person. Take person to the nearest hospital.

Storage: Store in a dry place.

Resistance Management: Maxim PSP contains fludioxonil. Any fungal population may contain individuals
naturally resistant to fludioxonil or strains of some fungi may develop tolerance to fungicides after
prolonged usage. It is important to follow label rate and directions and to observe all practices that minimize
the occurrence of resistance. Whenever possible, alternate with products from different chemical families. In
order to minimize the potential for the development of resistance among the labelled disease organisms, do
not use Maxim PSP in any two consecutive seed generations.

388

10.

11.

12.

13.

Mertect SC (thiabendazole)

Group 1

Manufacturer Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

Formulation: Suspension; 500 g/L; 4 x 5 L pack.

Registered Mixes: Consult with manufacturer before mixing with other chemicals.

Crops: Potatoes (tubers).

Diseases Controlled: Fusadum spp., Helminthosponum spp., Oospora spp., Phoma spp., Rhizoctonia spp.
When Used: Once per season.

Potatoes: Post-harvest control of storage rot in whole potatoes.

How to Apply:

Water volume; 7.5 L Mertect/170 L of water. 2 L of this suspension treats 1 metric tonne.

Potatoes (storage rot): 7.5 L Mertect/170 L water.

Rate:

Crop Disease

Potatoes Storage rot

Quanity

7.5 L of MertecVnO L of water
2 L of this suspension treats 1 ,000 kg of potato tubers

Application Tips: Do not allow suspension to stand without continuous agitation. Potatoes must rotate along
the conveyor line to ensure complete coverage. Prior to treating potatoes destined for export, confirm with
the proper authorities that treated potatoes will be allowed entry into the importing country.

How it Works: Thiabendazole belongs to the benzimidazole family of fungicides. It has systemic activity.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: None.

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) thiabendazole = 3,300 mg/kg. May
cause skin irritation.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Product contains petroleum distillates.

Storage: Minimum storage temperature 0°C.

Resistance Management: Mertect sc fungicide contains a Group 1 fungicide. Any fungal population may
contain individuals naturally resistant to Mertect SC fungicide and other Group 1 fungicides. A gradual or
total loss of pest control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

389

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Polyram 16P (metiram)

8.
9.

10.

11.

12.

WARNING CORROSIVE

Formulation: Dry flowable: Polyram 16D - 16%; 10 kg box. Polyram 16D is generally used on potato seed
treatment.

Registered Mixes: Benlate sow, Diazinon, Malathion. Compatible with most commonly used insecticides,
adjuvants and fungicides, including Superior Oil Mixtures with Diazinon or Malathion. These should be
prepared immediately prior to use and not allowed to stand in the tank. Open bags should be sealed if stored
until the following season.

Crops: Potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Fusarium seed piece decay (potatoes), seed-borne common scab (potatoes).

When Used: See “How to Apply. ”

How to Apply:

with: Potato seed duster.

Rate:

Crop/dis0a$e

Potato seod pieces

Fusarium seed piece
decay, seed-borne
common scab

Formulation

Polyram 16D

QuantHy/Wften to use

0.45 - 0.65 kg/100 kg seed. Apply to entire surface of seed pieces after
cutting. If not planted immediately, provide sufficient ventilation to allow
the cut surfaces to dry. May be applied to uncut seed pieces at the same
rate of control of seed-borne common scab. If treated whole seed is cut
after treatment, a second application is needed to control Fusarium seed
piece decay and black leg.

Application Tips: See “How to Apply’

How it Works: A contact and protectant fungicide.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions:

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) technical = >10,000 mg/kg.
Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Keep out
of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place. Do not allow product to become wet or overheated as this will
reduce its effectiveness and may create flammable vapours.

390

10.

11.

Raxil FiyRaxil 250 (tebuconazole)

Group 3

Manufacter; Gustafson Partnership

DANGER CORROSIVE

Formulations; Flowable 6.0 g/L; Raxil 250 g/L. Container size: 2 x 10 L, 200 L.

Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: Barley, oats, wheat.

Diseases Controlled: Barley: Barley leaf stripe, covered smut, false loose smut, seed rot and seedling
blight caused by Fusarium, true loose smut. Oats: Loose smut. Wheat: Common bunt (stinking smut),
loose smut, seed rot and seedling blight caused by Fusarium. Suppression of common root rot caused by
Cochliobolus sativus.

When Used: A ready-to-apply water based seed treatment formulation for commercial treaters and on farm
auger treating. Chemical is added directly to the seed as it enters the mixing chamber or auger. Seed may be
planted immediately or can be stored.

How to Apply:

with: On farm treatment: through an auger with atomizing equipment or with an pump or dripolator
device; can also be used with treat-on-the-go air seeders or commercially treated at seed plant.

Water volume: Water base formulation can be diluted with water.

Rate:

Raxil 250

Crop

Disease

mty25 kg seed

ml/25 kg seed

Barley

Barley leaf stripe, covered smut, false loose
smut, seed rot and seedling blight caused by
Fusarium, true loose smut

45 - 60

63-83

Oats

Loose smut

Wheat

Common bunt {stinking smut), loose smut,
seed rot and seedling blight caused by
Fusarium

Suppression of common root rot caused by
Cochliobolus sativus

45-60

63-83

Application Tips: Uniform coverage is important for optimum disease control.

How it Works: Tebuconazole is a systemic fungicide that is absorbed into the germinating seed and
transported through the growing seedling, providing control of seed and seedling diseases.

Grazing and Harvesting Restrictions: Do not graze or feed livestock on crops grown from treated seed for
4 weeks after planting.

Toxicity: Very low mammalian toxicity value. Acute oral (rats) = 5,000 mg/kg.

Dermal = >2,000 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: Do not reuse container for any purpose. Work in a well ventilated area when
treating seed or while angering or handling treated seed. Augers used for handling treated seed should not
be used to move seed for feed, food or oil processing. Do not reuse bags from treated seed to handle food or
feed products. Do not contaminate feed or foodstuffs with treated seed. Keep out of reach of children.
If in eyes, wash immediately with running water for 15 minutes. Contact a Poison Control Centre or a
physician. If on skin, wash with warm water and soap for 15 minutes. If swallowed, induce vomiting by

391

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Raxil FL/Raxil 250 (cont'd)

giving the patient ipecac (adult or child 12 years or older, 30 mL; child under 12 - 15 mL), followed by
water to enhance vomiting. Keep patient quiet and contact a Poison Control Centre or a physician, bringing
the labelled container with you.

1 2. Storage: Store product in original container; store away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed.
Treated seed must be labelled as follows: “This seed has been treated with Raxil FL - contains
tebuconazole; do not use for food, feed or oil processing. Wear chemical resistant gloves
when handling treated seed.”

Senator PSPT (thiophanate methyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer: Engage Agro Corporation

1. Formulation: Senator Potato Seed Piece Treatment: Dust; 10%; 10 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Senator PSPT: Potatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Fusarium rot, silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani), verticillium wilt. Also aids in
control of seed piece decay and blackleg infections.

5. When Used: Potato seed piece treatment: Cut pieces should be treated within 6 hours of cutting. If
planting is to be delayed more than 1 - 2 days, treated pieces should be stored for 2 - 3 days in open crates
before bagging.

6. How to Apply:

With: Senator PSPT: Convenient container or by dust attachment over belt.

Rate: Potatoes: 500 grams per 100 kg of cut seed.

Water volume: Potatoes: Do not add water.

7. Application Tips: For optimum control of silver scurf, ensure that seed tubers are completely free of soil.
Total skin coverage of potato is essential. Reduced control can be expected in fields where
volunteers from the previous year’s crop act as a source of infection.

Consult your provincial specialist for recommendations.

8. How it Works: Senator PSPT is a systemic and is translocated to the early seedling stage of the potato plant.
Under cool, wet conditions. Senator PSPT may improve overall emergence due to protecting the tuber and
seedling from Fusarium and seed piece decay.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Potatoes: None.

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) technical = 7,500 mg/kg. Senator (non-
toxic).

Do not contaminate domestic or irrigation water supplies, lakes, streams or ponds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes. If
swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store in a dry place.

392

Thiram 75WP (thiram)

Group M

Manufacturer: Gustafson Partnership

WARNING POISON

1. Formulation: Wettable powder; 75%; 5 kg, 25 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Alfalfa, dry beans, grasses, mustard, peas, safflowers, snap beans, soybeans, sugar beets, sweet corn.

4. Diseases Controlled: Damping off; seed decay; seedling blight (corn, beans, grasses, mustard, peas,
soybeans, sugar beets); verticillium wilt (alfalfa).

5. When Used: Pre-seeding or drill box treatment: Treat seed before sowing. Seed should be well cured, dry
and cleaned before treatment.

6. How to Apply:

With: Protective equipment, using standard dry seed treatment methodology described.

Pre-seeding treatment: Apply with any standard dry seed treatment application equipment or the shovel
method.

1. Place and level 1/2 of the seed in drill box and sprinkle 1/2 of the required amount of product uniformly
over seed. Mix thoroughly with a paddle. Fill box with seed and sprinkle remaining 1/2 of product over
seed, mix again, or

2. Dribble the required amount of product into seed as it is poured into drill box. Thoroughly mix with a
paddle when drill box is 1/2 full and again when full, or

3. Apply through a mechanical dispenser or proportioner that attaches to the auger that conveys seed into
the drill box.

Rate:

Disease

Powder
g/25 kg seed

Alfalfa

Verticillium wilt

Dry bean. pea. snap bean, soybean

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight i

25-35

Field corn

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

Grasses, mustard, sugar beet

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

Safflower

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

Sweet corn

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

Water volume for Thiram 75WP:

Slurry treatment on alfalfa and peas: Pre-mix Thiram 75WP in water as indicated below and apply
with commercial seed treating equipment.

kfl Thiram 75WP
1.5

416

Peas, kg of seed treated

1,070 - 1,498

Application Tips: Mustard: Mix powder and seed in drill box. Simultaneous treatment with an insecticide
for control of flea beetles is recommended (also see the manual sections on carbofuran and terbufos).
How it Works: Thiram is a protective fungicide applied as a seed-treatment powder.

393

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Thiram 75WP (cont'd)

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze treated areas or feed from treated areas to livestock. Do
not expose treated seed to birds and other wildlife.

Seed treatment: Do not graze for 4 weeks after planting.

1 0. Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) thiram = 780 - 865 mg/kg, product

(800 - 3,100). May irritate eyes, nose, throat or skin. May cause allergenic exzema in sensitive individuals.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Consumption of alcohol 24 hours before and after working with thiram or thiram-
treated seed may cause sweating, flushing and nausea. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure.
Wear coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene
overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate
(see page 27 for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29)
before reuse. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take labelled container with you.

1 2. Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place away from food or feed. Keep away from fire or sparks. Stored
treated grain should be labelled: "Do not use for food or feed. This seed has been treated with
Thiram. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of children.*’

Vitavax Powder/Vitaflo 280

(carbathiin + thiram)

Group 7,M

Manufacturer: Gustafson Partnership

WARNING POISON

1. Formulation: Dust; 26.7% carbathiin + 38.8% thiram; 1.5 kg tube. Suspension: Vitaflo 280, 10 L,

200 L.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Vitavax powder: Bromegrass, barley, flax, oats, rye, soybeans, wheat. Vitaflo 280: Barley, corn,
dry beans, flax, lentils, oats, peas, rye, soybeans, triticale, wheat.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Crop

VRavax Powder

Vitaflo 280

Barley

Covered smut, false loose smut,
true loose smut

Covered smut, false loose smut, seed decay,
seedling blight, true loose smut
Suppression of net bloch

Bromegrass

Head smut

Dry beans, snap beans

Damping off, seed decay

Canola {export only)

Alternarina blight, damping off, Phythlum
and seedling decay, Pioma (blackleg).

Rhizoctiona solani, seed decay, seedling blight

Field com, sweet corn

::r; - i

Damping off, seed decay

Flax including Unota

Damping off, seed decay

Seed rot, seedling blight

lentils

Seedling blight caused by Fusarium and

Phythium

(continued)

394

Vitavax PowderA/itaflo 280 (cont'd)

Vitavax Powdar

Vitaflo 280

Oats

Covered smut, loose smut, seed decay,
seedling blight

Covered smut loose smut

Peas

Seedling blight caused by Fusarium and
Phythium

Rye

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight.

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

stem smut

Soybeans

Damping off, seed decay

Triticale

Damping off, seed decay, seedling blight

Wheat

Covered smut loose smut

Covered smut loose smut seed decay.

seedling blight

5. When Used: Drill box treatment: treat seed before sowing. Seed should be well cured, dry and cleaned
before treatment. Do not store treated seed.

Vitaflo 280: Seed should be dry and cleaned before treatment. Seed can be treated prior to seeding.

6. How to Apply:

With: Protective equipment, using standard dry seed treatment methodology described.

Vitaflo 280: On-farm treatment using an auger with a pump, or a dripolater device or custom application at
seed cleaning plants. This is a water-based formulation.

Pre-seeding treatment: At the start, treat enough seed in a separate container to cover bottom of empty
drill box. Mix product and seed thoroughly with a stick or paddle until seed is a uniform colour. Do not mix
with hands. Fill the drill or planter box to 1/2 capacity and sprinkle 1/2 the required amount of powder over
the seed and mix thoroughly. Seed should all be pink. Then add enough seed to fill the box, cover with the
remaining powder and repeat mixing procedure. For large drill or planter boxes, it may be necessary to
divide the seed into several portions. Clean planter plates periodically to prevent excessive build-up of
treatment chemicals.

Rate:

Vitavax Powder

Vitaflo 280

undiluted (mlAOO kg seed)

undiluted (mi/100 kg seed)

Barley

200

230 - 330*

Brcmegrass

460

Dry beans, snap beans

260

Canola (export only)

600**

Field com, sweet com

280

Flax (including Linola)

240

525

Lentils

330

Oats

330

Peas

■!f pf 1/

330

230 - 330*

Soybeans

260

Triticale

200

Wheat

160 - 220

230 - 330

* Use higher rates for true loose smut or stem smut.

7. Application Tips: Vitavax Powder has no vapour action; therefore, thorough seed coverage is required.
Seeding rate should be checked before planting and periodically during planting.

395

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Vitavax PowderA^itafio 280 (cont'd)

8. How it Works: Thiram is a fungicide that controls diseases carried on the seed. Carbathiin is a systemic
fungicide that penetrates the seed coat to control diseases inside the seed and seedling.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not use treated seed for feed, food or oil processing. Do not graze or
feed livestock on treated areas for 4 weeks after planting.

10. Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) carbathiin: thiram = 1,600 mg/kg.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Do not consume alcohol within 24 hours before or after working with thiram; may
cause flushing, sweating, headache and nausea. Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear
coveralls, brimmed hard hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots
or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27
for further information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.
Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes, flush immediately with running water. Get medical attention. If on skin, wash with warm
water and pumice soap to remove dye. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Keep patient quiet. Intake
may cause kidney, liver and nervous system damage. In severe cases, a coma may result.

S3miptoms of poisoning: Skin contact may result in irritation and dermatitis.

1 2. Storage: Do not store product in or around the home or near food or feed. Store powder in a dry area.

10.

11.

Vitavax rs Fungicide

(carbathiin + thiram)

Group 7,M

Manufactor: Gustafson Partnership

CAUTION POISON

Formulation: Flowable 5.97% carbathiin + 11.94% thiram.

Registered Mixes: Compatible on the seed with Apron FL and Gaucho 480.

Crops: Canola, mustard, rapeseed.

Diseases Controlled: Seed-borne blackleg. Seed rot and seedling blight caused by Alternaria, Pythium and
Rhizoctonia.

When Used: Available to custom seed applicators only.

How to Apply: Apply 833 - 1,250 mL per 100 kg of seed. Can be applied with the Magna Coating.
Application Tips: Applicators should consult with Gustafson regarding application procedures for combining
with Apron FL and Gaucho 480.

How it Works: Thiram is a contact fungicide. Carbathiin is a systemic fungicide that protects the seed and
seedling from disease.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze or feed livestock for four weeks after planting.

Toxicity: Moderate acute mamalian toxicity.

396

Vitavax rs Fungicide (cont'd)

If in eyes, wash immediately with running water for 15 minutes. Contact a Poison Control Centre or a
physician. If on skin, wash with warm water and soap for 15 minutes. If swallowed, induce vomiting by
giving the patient ipecac (adult or child 12 years or older, 30 mL; child under 12 - 15 mL), followed by water
to enhance vomiting. Keep patient quiet and contact a Poison Control Centre or a physician, bringing the
labelled container with you.

1 2. Storage: Store product in original container; store away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed.
Storage at low temperatures is not recommended. Treated seed must be labelled as follows: “This seed
has been treated with Vitavax rs Fungicide - contains carbathiin and thiram; do not use for
food, feed or oil processing. Wear chemical resistant gloves when handling treated seed.”

Vitavax Single Solution

(carbathiin)

Group 7

Manufacturer: Gustafeon Partnership

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulation: Solution; 230 g/L; 10 L, 200 L containers.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley, flax, oats, rye, wheat.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Barley

Covered smut,
false loose smut,
true loose smut
Suppression of
common root rot,
leaf stripe, net :
blotch*

Flax

Damping off, seed
» decay

Oats

Covered smut, loose
smut

Suppression of
common root rot*

Rye

Stem smut
Suppression of
common root rot*

Wheat

Bunt (stinking smut),
true loose smut
Suppression of
common root rot*

* Seed treatment will not protect post-seedling plants from infection.

5. When Used: A ready-to-apply formulation for commercial treaters and on-farm auger treating. Chemical is
added directly to the seed as it enters the mixing chamber or auger. Seed may be planted immediately.

6. How to Apply:

with: On-farm treatment: through the auger with special equipment, or with an inexpensive pump or
dripolator device, or treat at a seed cleaning plant.

Water volume: Do not dilute with water.

397

Fungicides - Seed Treatment

Vitavax Single Solution (cont'd)

Rate:

Crop

(01725 kg seed

Bariey

60 - 75*

Flax

100

Oats

Rye

Wheat

60 - 75*

* For wheat and barley varieties highly susceptible to true loose smut and for high levels of smut or bunt on seed, the
75 mL rate will give increased disease control.

7. Application Tips: Run auger at less than capacity to provide adequate mixing. Uniform coverage at the
correct rate is important for satisfactory results. Under-treatment results in loss of efficacy and over-
treatment may reduce germination. Calibrate seeding equipment using treated seed to ensure proper seeding
rate.

8. How it Works: Carbathiin, a systemic fungicide, penetrates the seed coat to control disease.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Treated seed not to be used for food, feed or oil processing. Do not graze
or feed livestock on treated areas for 4 weeks after planting.

10. Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) carbathiin = 3,820 mg/kg.

Do not reuse bags from treated seed or auger used for treated seed for other purposes.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention,

12. Storage: store above 0°C. Do not store in or around the home. Label stored treated seed: “Do not use for

food, feed or oil processing. This seed has been treated with carbathiin. Keep out of reach
of children.”

13. Resistance Management: Vitavax single solution contains a Group 7 fungicide. Any fungal population may
contain individuals naturally resistant to Vitavax Single solution and other Group 7 fungicides. A gradual or
total lost of pest of control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields.
Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such
as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

398

10.

11.

12.

Acrobat MZ (dimethomorph + mancozeb)

Group 5,1VI

Manufacturer; BASF Canada

Formulations: Wettable powder; 69%; 10 kg bag.

Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: Potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Early blight, late blight. Reduction of tuber blight.

When Used: First application when disease threatens or when first visible signs of disease occur within the
field or nearby. Apply every 5 - 7 days under high disease pressure or every 7-10 days under low disease
pressure. It is recommended that Acrobat MZ be applied in alternation with a fungicide having a different
mode of action. Under high levels of late blight infection, apply after top kill to control tuber blight.

How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 1 kg/ac.

Water volume: Ground: At least 80 L of water per acre. Air: 20 L of water per acre.

Application Tips: Good spray coverage is required. It is essential to use Acrobat MZ as part of a regularly
scheduled preventative fungicide program.

How it Works: Acrobat MZ provides the systemic activity of dimethomorph and the contact activity of
mancozeb to prevent both early and late blight. The dimethomorph penetrates the plant and moves upward
to protect the leaves and stems, while the contact activity prevents blight on the plant surface. Acrobat MZ
has anti-sporulant activity and is active against most stages of the late blight pathogen.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply if rain is likely within 2 - 3 hours of spraying. Apply to dry foliage.
Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not apply within 14 days of harvest. Do not plant a new crop in the
treated area within 120 days of the last application. Use a maximum of 3 applications per season.

Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 1,971 mg/kg. Highly toxic to aquatic
organisms.

Precautions, First Aid: During all activities, workers must wear long pants, long-sleeved shirt and boots.
During mixing, loading, cleanup and repair activities, workers must also wear chemical-resistant gloves and
safety goggles or a face shield. Keep out of reach of children and animals.

If in eyes, flush eyes with water. Get medical attention if irritation persists. If on skin, wash skin with
plenty of soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation persists. If inhaled, move subject to fresh air.
If swallowed, dilute by giving 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting. Do not induce vomiting or give
anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Symptoms of poisoning: Unknown.

For physician: There is no specific antidote. Treat symptomatically.

In case of a spill: Wear personal protective equipment. Absorb spillage with sand or earth. Scrub
contaminated surfaces with detergent solution and contact the manufacturer or Provincial Regulatory
Agency for disposal.

Storage: store under cool and dry conditions in secure, well ventilated buildings away from foodstuffs and
animal feed and out of reach of children.

399

Fungicides ~ Foliar Treatment

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Benlate 50WP/

Benlate Toss-N-Go (benomyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada Inc.

1. Formulation: Wettable powder; 50%; 10 kg bags. Toss-N-Go, 5 kg (5 x 1 kg water soluble pouches).

2. Registered Mixes: No registered mixes for canola or beans.

Mixing restrictions: Do not mix with alkaline pesticides such as basic copper sulphate, Bordeaux mixture
or lime sulphur. Do not tank mix or alternate Benlate with thiophanate products such as Easout.

Mixing instructions:

1. Wear protective clothing such as coveralls, goggles or face shield and suitable chemical resistant gloves
during mixing and loading. Do not handle Toss-N-Go bags with wet gloves or place on wet surfaces.

2. Add the required amount of Benlate Toss-N-Go bags to a 1/4 to 1/3 full tank of clean water with no
agitation.

3. Avoid stacking bags or conditions that could cause laminating or folding of Toss-N-Go bags’ film onto
itself. The bags should be floating free of one another on the surface of the water.

4. Do not cut or pierce the Toss-N-Go bags during the loading operation.

5. Use a rinse-down nozzle (low pressure) to wet the tops of the Toss-N-Go bags for a wetting period of
45 seconds. Centre nozzle in top of tank if possible, for maximum coverage. Plumb clean water through
the rinse-down nozzle; if possible, supply warm water to nozzle. Allow 45 seconds from loading the final
Toss-N-Go bag into the tank until agitation is turned on. Use 5-10 gal/min. to wet the tops of the bags as
evenly as possible. Do NOT agitate the tank during this period.

6. If a rinse-down nozzle is not available, allow the Toss-N-Go bags to float in the tank for 45 seconds
without agitation.

7. Once the 45 seconds wetting period is complete, continue filling the tank to the required volume with the
agitator running full. Apply the mixture the same day. Do not leave overnight.

The situation you are trying to create is a floating bag that is being gently showered from above with clean
water. When this step is done, without agitation, the Toss-N-Go bags are allowed to hydrate prior to
agitation. The end result should be fully dissolved bags within about a 4-minute period, from start of loading
the bags into the tank to the time the bags dissolve.

3. Crops: Alfalfa grown for seed, canola, dry beans, lima beans, snap beans.

4. Diseases Controlled: Botrytis (beans), Sclerotinia (beans, canola), Sclerotinia, Botrytis (alfalfa).

5. When Used: Do not make more than 2 applications per crop unless otherwise specified.

Alfalfa: Alfalfa for seed from early to late bloom (not more than 2 applications per year).

Beans: Between 50% and full bloom.

Canola: Can be applied up to the 50% bloom stage. Optimal protection is the 20 - 30% bloom stage, which
is before the first petals begin to fall and when there is the maximum number of petals and buds that can be
covered by the spray application.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Water volume: Beans: air - 16 L/ac, ground - 40 - 80 L/ac. Canola: air - 16 L/ac minimum,
ground - 32 - 40 L/ac.

Nozzles: Flat fan or hollow cone.

400

Benlate 50WP/Benlate Toss-N-Go (cont'd)

10.

11.

12.

Rate: Use the high rate for application after 30% bloom or under severe or prolonged disease conditions,
high humidity or excessive rainfall.

Crop

Disease

g/ac

Canola

Sclerotinia (stem rot)

303 - 606

Dry beans, snap beans

Botrytis (grey mold)

707 - 909

lima beans

Sclerotinia (white mold)

707 - 909

Seed alfalfa

Sclerotinia, Botrytis (blossom blight)

606

Application Tips: Canola: Thorough coverage of plant parts prior to infection is essential for effective
disease control. Ensure continuous agitation in the spray tank until all the spray solution is sprayed out.

How it Works: Benlate provides protection against disease both on the surface as well as in the interior of
the plant. Benlate has two properties that insure its curative control of Sclerotinia and Botrytis:

1. The ability to inhibit the growing point of the Hyphae in estabilished lesions

2. The systemic movement of Benlate to the target site.

Effects of rainfall: Rain-free period is 1 - 2 hours. Effects of irrigation: do not irrigate within 6 hours of
application.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Beans (14). Do not graze or feed treated
bean hay or alfalfa to livestock. Maximum allowable applications: Alfalfa (2).

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) technical = >10,000 mg/kg. May irritate
eyes, nose, throat and skin. Toxic to fish.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse. Keep out
of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Storage: Never allow product to become wet during storage as reduced fungicidal effectiveness may result.
Keep container closed when not in use. Keep away from fire or sparks.

Bravo 500 (chlorothalonil)

Group M

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

Formulation: Flowable; 500 g/L; 10 L, 110 L, 200 L, 2 x (0.83 L -f 8L).

Registered Mixes: None.

Mixing instructions: The required amount of Bravo 500 should be added slowly into the spray tank
during filling. With concentrate sprays, pre-mix the required amount of Bravo 500 in a clean container and
add to the spray tank as it is being filled. Keep agitator running when filling spray tank and during spray
operations.

Crops: Blueberry, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chickpeas, conifers,
cucumber, field peas, lentil, melons, potato, pumpkin, squash, strawberry, sweet corn, tomato, wheat.
Diseasos Controlled: Anthracnose, Ascochyta (chickpeas, field peas, lentils), Botrytis (potatoes), early and
late blight, Septoria glume blotch, Septoria leaf spot, suppression of Fusarium head blight (wheat), tan spot.

401

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Bravo 500 (cont'd)

5. When Used; Bravo 500 can be used effectively in diluted or concentrated sprays.

6. How to Apply:

With: Ground field sprayers, high clearance sprayers, aircraft.

Water volume: 91 - 650 L/ac for dilute applications; 20 - 40 L/ac for concentrate ground and aerial
applications.

Pressure: 345 - 1,380 kPa.

Nozzles: Hollow cone or flat fan. Cone type nozzles are preferred since they will improve coverage.

Rate:

Crop/disease

Chickpea

Ascochyta

Use recommendation

Use 1 .2 L - 1 .6 IVac In the first application and 0.8 L ■ 1 .2 L/ac in subsequent
applications. Make the first application at very early flowering and remaining
applications at 10-day intervals. Do not make more than 3 applications per season.

Field peas

Ascochyta blight
Mycosf^arelta pinodes

Apply Bravo at a rate of 0.8 L to 1 .25 L/ac beginning at early flowering. Make a
second application at early pod set (mid-flowering), about 1 0 days after the first
application. If conditions remain favorable for disease, a third application should be
made at 1 0 - 1 4 days later during pod filling. Always apply the higher rate when
conditions are favorable for disease. Do not make more than 3 applications per
season.

Lentfl

Anthracnose,
Ascochyta blight

Use recommendations. Use 0.8 - 1 .6 L/ac in 91 - 650 L water/ac beginning at
pre-flowering prior to row closure, make a second application 10-14 days after
the first application (during bloom period). Do not make more than two applications
per season. Do not apply Bravo in combination with Poast herbicide and Merge
surfactant or within 48 hours of the application of Poast and Merge,

Potato

Early bli^t or Botjytis vine rot

1 UliMU+

laie Diigni

Use 0.65- 1.0 L
Use 0.45 - 0.97 L

Use sufficient water to obtain adequate spray coverage. Begin applications when
plants are 15 - 20 cm high or when disease threatens. Repeat applications at
7 - 10 day Intervals or as necessary to maintain disease control. Under severe
disease conditions, use the higher rates at 7-day intervals.

Wheat

Septoria leaf spot,
Septoria glume blotch,
tan spot

Apply Bravo at 0,6 L to 1 .0 L/ac at Zadoks growth stage 37 (flag leaf emergence),
and repeat 10-14 days later at Zadok's growth stage 51-55 (head visible), A
third application at Zadok's 59 - 69 (head fully visible) may be necessary if
conditions favor disease spread.

Wheat

Suppression of
Fusarium head blight (scab)

Apply Bravo at 0.8 L to 1 .0 L/ac at Zadoks growth stage 61-65 (early flowering)
to suppress Fusarium head blight. For best results, this application must be made
prior to conditions favoring infection, before flowering has started in the majority of
tillers.

Do not make more than 3 applications per season.

7. Application Tips: Thorough, uniform coverage is essential for disease control. Bravo is rainfast once the
spray solution has dried on the plant surface.

8. How it Works: A contact and protectant fungicide.

402

Bravo 500 (cont'd)

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed or allow grazing of treated material to livestock.

Crop

Days to harvest

Crop

Days to harvest

Chickpea, lentil

Potato

Field peas

Wheat

1 0. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 4,200 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take labelled container with you. Avoid breathing spray mist.
Precautions: Do not re-enter treated area within 48 hours. If required, individuals may re-enter treated
area within 48 hours for short term tasks not involving hand labour, only if at least 4 hours has passed since
application. Long pants, long-sleeved shirt, hat and chemical resistant gloves should be worn.

Note: Bravo 500 may produce temporary allergic side effects, characterized by redness of the eyes, mild
bronchial irritation and redness or rash on exposed skin areas. Persons having allergic reactions should
contact a physician. Affected persons respond to treatment with antihistamines or steroid creams and/or
systemic steroids. Apply only to areas specified on label. This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes,
streams or ponds. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes. Do not apply
where runoff is likely to occur. Do not apply when weather conditions favour drift from areas being treated.

12. Storage: Do not store near food or feed. Protect from excessive heat.

Curzate 60 DF (cymoxanil)

Group 11

Manufacturer: DuPont Canada tnc.

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Dry flowable 60%, 1.8 kg

2. Registered Mixes: Manzate 200 df

Mixing instructions:

Ensure the spraying equipment is clean.

1. Fill spray tank 1/4 - 1/3 full with clean water and engage agitation. Prepare mixture volume to apply a
minimum of 200 litres spray volume per hectare.

2. With the agitator running, add the required amount of Curzate 60 DF slowly to the spray tank. Then add
the required amount of Manzate 200 DF to the spray tank while maintaining the spray solution agitation.

3. Continue to agitate until Curzate 60 DF and Manzate 200 DF are completely dispersed.

4. Completely fill the remainder of the spray tank with water.

5. On repeat tank loads, draw down the tank contents to less than 10% of the original volume, and repeat
from step 1. If more than 10% of the spray volume remains, pre-slurry the Curzate 60 DF and
Manzate 200 DF in a bucket of water before adding to the spray tank.

Note: Continuous agitation is required to keep Curzate 60 DF and Manzate 200 DF in suspension in the

spray tank for a uniform application.

Use spray preparation of Curzate 60 DF and Manzate 200 DF within 48 hours, or product degradation may

occur. If spray preparation is left standing without agitation, thoroughly agitate before spraying.

403

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Curzate 60 DF (cont'd)

3. Crops: Potatoes

4. Diseases Controlled: Late blight {Phytophthora infestans)

5. When Used: Use Curzate 60 DF only in a tank mix with Manzate 200 DF.

Initial application should start when local conditions indicate that late blight is imminent; make additional
applications at 5 - 7 day intervals.

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment only. Do not apply by air.

Rate: Apply Curzate 60 DF at 0.091 kg/ac plus Manzate 200 DF at 0.65 kg/ac

Water volume: 20 - 100 L/ac.

Pressure: 210 - 275 kPa

Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fan. Do not use flood jet nozzles. Use 50 mesh screens or larger.

Sprayer cleanup: Immediately after application, thoroughly remove all traces of Curzate 60 DF and
Manzate 200 DF from mixing and spray equipment. Follow these instructions:

1. Completely drain tank, then flush tank, boom and hoses with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes.
Visually inspect tank to assure removal of all visible residues of Curzate 60 DF and Manzate 200 DF. If
necessary, repeat step 1 .

2. Do not clean sprayer near well or water source or near desirable vegetation.

3. Remove the nozzles and screens, and clean separately in a bucket containing cleaning agent and water.

4. Thoroughly rinse the tank with clean water for a minimum of 5 minutes, flushing water through the hoses
and boom.

7. Application Tips: Do not apply to a potato crop that is suffering from stress as a result of drought, water
saturation, low temperatures, insect infestations, nutrient deficiency or any other factors contributing to a
reduction in crop growth.

Do not apply product during periods of intense rainfall, or to soils saturated with water. Do not apply
directly to standing or running water. Do not apply in areas where surface water from treatment site can
runoff to adjacent cropland, either planted or to be planted, or into streams, irrigation waters or wells. Do
not contaminate any body of water, including irrigation water.

Care must be taken to avoid spray drift outside the target area or onto ponds, waterways or ditches.

8. How it Works: The active ingredient cymoxanil in Curzate 60 DF is a highly active, locally systemic
fungicide recommended for the control of late blight on potatoes. It works at several levels of preventative,
curative and inhibitive (against sporulation) .

Curzate offers a unique feature for late blight management called “kick-back” activity. It controls infections
that have already attacked the crop but are not yet visible. This unique activity is especially important in
preventing late blight flare-ups after an infection period has already occurred or in areas more prone to
disease because of microclimates. Kick-back is also important for protecting new foliage that developed after
the last fungicide treatment. The active ingredient mancozeb in Manzate 200 DF is a dithiocarbamate
fungicide with contact activity.

Effects of rainfall: Curzate is rainfast within 2 hours after application.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not harvest within 8 days of treatment. Do not re-enter treated area
within 24 hours. A buffer zone of 50 metres is required between the downwind edge of the boom and
sensitive aquatic habitats such as ponds, lakes, rivers, streams and wetlands. Do not contaminate these
habitats when cleaning and rinsing equipment or containers. Do not mix, load or apply within

15 metres of all wells. Do not use on hydroponically grown crops or on any container-grown crops or
ornamentals.

10. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >433 mg/kg. May irritate eyes, nose,
throat and skin. May be harmful if inhaled or swallowed.

404

Curzate 60 DF (cont'd)

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, unlined nitrile or neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In addition, wear a waterproof apron
and respirator when handling the pesticide concentrate. Follow directions for cleaning of clothes and
equipment before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

1 2. Storage: Store product in original container in a secure, dry area away from food or feed. Protect against
humid air and water. Not for use or storage in or around the home. Keep container tightly closed.

13. Resistance Management: Since Curzate 60 DF is to applied only in a tank mix with Manzate 200 DF, two
fungicides having different modes of action, there is a low potential for resistance build-up. Thus, the
Curzate 60 DF and Manzate 200 DF tank mix should be used in alternation with other fungicides as a
resistance management tool in a integrated pest management program. When fungicides with the same
mode of action are used repeatedly over several years in the same field, naturally occurring, less sensitive
strains may survive, propagate and become dominant in the field.

Dithane DG Rainshield NT/
Manzate 200/

Penncozeb 75DF/ (mancozeb)

Group M

Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Canada/DuPont Canada/United Agrt Products

1. Formulation: Dispersible granule; Dithane DG Rainshield NT; 75%; 20 kg bag. Manzate 200; 80%; 2.5 kg,

20 kg bags.

2. Registered Mixes: A dust may be prepared by diluting and thoroughly mixing Manzate 200 with prophylite
or other neutral diluent; commonly used insecticides may displace an equivalent amount of diluent. Use dust
mixtures as soon as possible after preparation. A spreader-sticker may be added to Manzate 200 in spray
preparations.

3. Crops: Lentils, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat (all varieties, including durum).

4. Diseases Controlled:

Anthracnose (lentils)

Ascochyta blight (lentils)
Cercospora leaf spot (sugar beet)

5. When Used:

early and late blights (potato)
leaf rust (wheat)
root rot (corn)

seedling blight (corn)
Septoria (wheat)
tan spot (wheat)

Foliar sprays:

Lentils: Apply the first application before flower when bud formation is evident. A second application
should be applied 10-12 days after the initial application, but before rows close in to form a dense canopy.
If conditions for disease persists, a third application may be applied 10-14 days later.

Early and late blights in potatoes: Apply when plants are 10 - 15 cm tall; repeat at 7 - 10 day
intervals.

Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beets: Apply when disease first threatens and repeat at 7 - 10 day
intervals.

Foliar spray on wheat: An early application can be made at Feeks 1 - 3 growth stage or when crop is in
the 3 leaf to tillering stage and/or a late application can be made at Feeks 10.5 when the head is fully
emerged but prior to flowering.

405

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Dithane DG Rainshield NT/Manzate 200/Penncozeb 75DF (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft, ground equipment.

Water volume: Aircraft: 18 L/ac (4 gallons/ac); Ground: 45 - 80 L/ac (10 - 18 gallons/ac);
Sugar beets: 324 L/ac.

Pressure: 345 kPa.

Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fan recommended.

Rate: Potatoes: start with low rate and increase to maximum rate as foliage develops.

Disease

Root rot, seedling blight
Anthracnose, Aseochyta blight
Early and late blight
Cercospora leaf spot

Wheat Leaf rust, Septoria, tan spot

7. Application Tips: Sprays: Continuous agitation required.

8. How it Works: A contact fungicide.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions:

Application restrictions: Do not make more than 2 applications of Dithane DG Rainshield NT in wheat
during the season. Do not make more than 3 applications of Dithane DG Rainshield NT in lentils during the
season.

Grazing restrictions: Do not graze treated crops or cut for hay; there is insufficient data to support such
use.

Pre-harvest interval (days): Lentils (35), potatoes (1), sugarbeets (21), wheat (40).

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) mancozeb = 11,200 mg/kg. Prolonged
exposure may cause eye, nose, throat and skin irritation.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place away from fire and sparks. Do not allow product to become
wet or overheated during storage as chemical changes may reduce fungicidal effectiveness and flammable
vapours may be generated. Treated seed should be labelled: “Do not use for food or feed. This seed
has been treated with mancozeb. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of
children.”

Formulatioii

Dithane DG Rainshield NT
Dithane DG Rainshield NT
Manzate 200,

Manzate 200,

Dithane DG Rainshield NT
Dithane DG Rainshield NT

Quantity

0.59 kg/ac
0.9 kg/ac
0.44 - 0.90 kg/ac
0.91 kg/ac

Early spray: 0.45 kg/ac
Late spray 0.9 kg/ac

Crop

Foliar sprays

Alfalfa
Lentils
Potatoes
Sugar beets

406

Dithane M-22 (maneb)

Group M

10.

11.

12.

13.

Manufacturer; United Agri Products/Dow AgroSctences Canada Inc.

Formulations: 80% wettable powder; 10 kg bag.

Registered Mixes: Compatible with most insecticides and fungicides but not with Bordeaux mixture or
lime.

Crops: Potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Early and late blight of potatoes.

When Used: Apply early (when plants are 15 cm high) and treat at 7 - 10 day intervals throughout the
season. Shorten interval to 5 - 7 days when weather favours disease.

How to Apply:

with: Protective equipment.

Water volume: Foliar spray: Potatoes: 325 - 405 L/ac; Heavy vines: 405 - 610 L/ac.

Rate: Potatoes* (early, late blight) 700 - 910 g/ac.

* Increase the rates as vines increase in size.

Application Tips: Treat only the amount of seed to be sown to avoid the problem of storing treated seed.
Slurry treatment not recommended for flax. Calibrate treater prior to treating seed. Use only recommended
rates. Lower amounts may not give the desired control. Excessive amounts may cause seed injury.

How it Works: Dithane M-22 is a foliar applied fungicide, effective against many foliar diseases.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days): Potatoes (1).

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^q (rats) maneb = 6,750 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hard
hat, goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and neoprene overboots or rubber boots. In
addition, wear a waterproof apron when handling the pesticide concentrate (see page 27 for further
information). Follow directions for Cleaning of Clothes and Equipment (see page 29) before reuse.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take
patient to nearest hospital, taking the labelled container with you.

Storage: Store product in a cool, dry place away from food or feed. Prevent the contents from becoming wet
as this will reduce effectiveness and may cause flammable vapours. Keep away from fire and sparks. Stored,
treated grain should be labelled: “Do not use for food or feed. This seed has been treated with
maneb. Poisonous to man and animals. Keep out of reach of children.”

Resistance Management: Dithane M-22 is a group M fungicide. Any fungal population may contain
individuals naturally resistant to Dithane M-22 and other group M fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest
control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

407

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Gavel 75 DF (mancozeb + zoxamide)

10.

11.

12.

13.

Group M,22

Manufacturer; Oow AgroSciences Canada Inc.

Formulations: 66.7% mancozeb and 8.3% zoxamide formulated as a dry flowable; 20 kg bag.

Registered Mixes: None.

Crops: Potatos.

Diseases Controlled: Early and late blight.

Rate: 0.69 to 0.90 kg/ac.

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment or aircraft

Water volume: Ground equipment; 90 L/ac. Aircraft: 18 to 36 L/ac.

Nozzles: Ground equipment: Generally hollow cone, disc - D5 to D7.

Application Tips: Optimum disease control is achieved when the fungicide is applied in a regularly
scheduled preventative spray program. Begin applications at the first sign of disease or when blight is
reported in the area. Apply Gavel at 0.90 kg/ac every 7 days under high disease pressure when either disease
is present and environmental conditions favour continued disease development. Gavel can be applied at
0.68 kg/ac every 7 days under low disease pressure and environmental conditions unfavourable for disease
development. Thorough, uniform coverage is essential for good disease control. Under high disease pressure,
use higher water volume (36 L/ac) to provide better crop coverage. For best results, use hollow cone brass
nozzles with a D-series orifice discs and cores (whirlplate) . Nozzles should point straight down or slightly
backward.

How it Works: The active ingredient zoxamide is a benzimidazole type fungicide with contact activity. The
mancozeb component is a dithiocarbamate fungicide with contact activity.

Grazing and Harvest Restrications: Preharvest interval: 3 days. Recropping: A 30 day plant back
interval (PBl) is required for leafy vegetables and root and tuber vegetables. For all other crops not included
on the label, the FBI should be 140 days. Applications: Maximum of 6 applications per season.

Toxicity: Practically non-toxic, oral LD^q (rats) >5,000 mg/kg. Toxic to fish. Drift and runoff from treated
areas may bq hazardous to aquatic organisms. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water
is present.

Precautions, First Aid: if in eyes, hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for
15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye.

Call a Poison Control Centre or doctor for treatment advice. If on skin or clothing, take off contaminated
clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15 - 20 minutes. Call a Poison Control Centre or
doctor for treatment advice. If inhaled, move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an
ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth if possible. Call a Poison Control
Centre or doctor for further treatment advice. If swallowed, call a Poison Control Centre or doctor
immediately for treatment advice. Have the person sip a glass of water if the person is able to swallow. Do
not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a Poison Control Centre or doctor. Do not give an)nhing by
mouth to a unconscious person. Take container, label or product name and Pest Control Product Registration
Number with you when seeking medical advice.

Storage: Do not allow product to freeze. Keep away from fire and sparks. Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated
place away from feed or food.

Resistance Management: For resistance management, please note that Gavel 75 DF fungicide contains
both a Group 22 and Group M fungicide. Any fungal population may contain individuals naturally resistant
to zoxamide and other Group 22 or Group M fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest control may occur
over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields.

408

Headline (pyraclostrobin)

1. Formulations: Liquid; emulsifiable concentrate; 250g/L; 2 x 6.5 L jug or 104 L tote.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Barley, chickpea, dry bean, fababean, field pea, grasses grown for seed (bluegrass, fescue, ryegrass),
lentil, potatoes, rye, wheat, sugarbeets.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Crop

Disease Spray interval

Cereals

Barley

Het blotch {Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis),
spot blotch {Cochliobolus sativus), stripe rust {Puccinia stiiformis)

Rye

Wheat

Leaf rust {Puccinia recondita), powdery mildew {Erysiphe graminis)
leaf rust {Puccinia recondita), powdery mM&N {Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici),
Septor\a leaf spot {Septoria tritici or Septoria nodorum),
spot bloch {Cochliobolus sativus), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis),

tan spot {Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)

Grasses grown for seed

Bluegrasses, fescues, Leaf and stem rust {Puccinia recondita and graminis),

ryegrasses grown
for seed

powdery mildew suppression {Erysiphe graminis)

Pulses

Chickpeas

Dry beans Lupinus spp.
Phaseolus spp.

Ascochyta blight (/Iscoc/jyfa spp.)

Mycosphaerella blight {Mycosphaerella spp.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe spp.)
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), powdery mildew {Erysiphe spp.),
rust (Uromyces spp.)

Vigna spp.

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), Mycosphaerella blight |Mycosp/)ae/ie//a
spp.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe spp.), rust (Uromyces spp.)

Dry field peas

Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta spp.), Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella spp.)
powdery mildew (Erysiphe spp.)

Fababean

Lentil

Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella spp.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe spp.)
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta spp.)

Potatoes

Early blight (4/femar/a so/a/7/) 7 -14 days

late Might (Phytophthora infestans) 5 - 7 days

Sugarbeets

Cercospera leaf spot (Cercospera beticola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae)

5. When Used:

Chickpea, dry field bean, dry field pea, fababean, lentil: Apply at the beginning of flowering or at
the onset of symptoms for the more aggressive diseases (anthracnose, ascochyta blight, powdery mildew) ;
apply a second application 10-14 days later if disease persists or weather conditions are favourable for
disease development. Early applications are key to optimizing disease control.

409

Headline (cont'd)

Barley, rye, wheat: To maximize yield in cereals, it is important to protect the flag leaf from disease. The
optimum time for application is immediately after flag leaf emergence.

Grasses grown for seed: Apply prior to disease development; apply a second application 14 - 21 days
later if disease conditions persist.

Potatoes: Applications should begin prior to row closure or before symptoms appear; do not make more
than 6 applications of Headline per season.

Sugarbeets: Apply at the onset of cercospera leaf spot and powdery mildew; do not make more than
4 applications per season.

6. How to Apply:

With:

Cereals and pulses: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Grasses grown for seed, potatoes and sugarbeets: Ground equipment.

Rate:

Cereals: 120 mL/ac (for wheat only), 160 mL/ac.

Pulses: 160 mL/ac.

Grasses grown for seed: 160 - 270 mL/ac - use the higher rate when disease pressure is high.

Potatoes: Early blight: 180 - 270 mL/ac; Late blight: 180 - 360 mL/ac - use higher rates and shorter spray
intervals under heavy disease pressure.

Water volume:

Aerial application: Minimum of 20 L/ac (4.5 gal/ac).

Ground application: Cereals, pulses and grasses grown for seed: Minimum of 40 L/ac (9 gal/ac).
Potatoes: Minimum of 80 L/ac (18 gal/ac).

As with all fungicides, coverage is very important and higher water volumes tend to increase performance
with dense canopies.

Pressure: Consult nozzle manufacturers’ recommendation for spray pressures for specific nozzles.

7. Application Tips: Clean the spray tank following sprayer cleanup recommendations on the label of the
product applied previously. Fill the spray tank 1/2 full with clean water and begin agitation. Add the
specified amount of Headline fungicide to the tank. Continue agitation while filling the tank to the desired
volume to obtain the required spray concentration. Maintain agitation throughout the spraying operation.
Good coverage is essential for effective disease control. Any reduction in water volume can reduce disease
control.

As with all fungicides. Headline works better if it is applied in a preventative manner and performs best if
applied in a regularly scheduled protective spray program.

8. How it Works: Headline has a protective effect because it inhibits spore germination and a curative-
eradicative effect due to the inhibition of mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus on the leaf surface.
Headline works by first stopping the disease that is already present on the plant, and then by giving the plant
protection against further disease infestation. Headline stops spores immediately upon germination and is
systemic within the leaf. Headline applied to the top surface of the leaf binds tightly in the waxy cuticle and
also moves to the lower surface where it again binds to the leaf surface to provide dual-sided protection
against disease entry. Because Headline is locked into the waxy layer of the leaf, it is very rainfast
(approximately one hour after application). Headline is curative and will control all stages of fungal
development.

ElTects of rainfall: Headline is rainfast within one hour of application.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: All crops can be grazed or fed to livestock.

Preharvest intervals: Cereals - apply no later than the end of flowering. Pulses - 30 days.

Grasses - 14 days. Potatoes - 3 days. Sugarbeets - 7 days.

Crop rotation restrictions: Labelled crops can be planted immediately following application. All other
crops can be planted 14 days after the last application.

410

Headline (cont'd)

10. Toxicity: Acute oral LD“ (rats) >500 mg/kg. Acute dermal (rats) >4,000 mg/kg. Treat
s)miptomatically.

11. Precautions, First Aid: Harmful if swallowed. Call a physician or poison control centre immediately. Drink
large quantities of water. Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Keep out of reach of children.

In case of eye contact, flush eyes immediately with flowing water for at least 15 minutes and consult a
physician if irritation develops. In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated
clothing and launder separately from household laundry before re-use. Consult a physician if irritation
develops. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Assist breathing if necessary. Consult a physician
immediately. Take container, label or product name and pest control product registration number with you
when seeking medical attention. Wash thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking or smoking.
Wear long sleeved shirt, long pants, chemical resistant gloves, socks and footwear during mixing/loading,
application, cleanup and repair. If clothing becomes contaminated, remove and wash separately from
household laundry before reuse. Clean spray equipment thoroughly after use. Apply only when the potential
for drift to areas of human habitation or areas of human activity such as houses, cottages, schools and
recreational areas is minimal. Take into consideration wind speed, wind direction, temperature, application
equipment and sprayer settings. If this pest control product is to be used on a commodity that may be
exported to the U.S. and you require information on acceptable residue levels in the U.S., contact
1-866-375-4648 or www.cropro.org.

1 2. Storage: Store in original, tightly closed container. Protect from freezing. Do not ship or store near food,
feed, seed and fertilizers. Store in a cool, dry, locked, well ventilated area without a floor drain.

13. Resistance Management: Headline contains a Group 11 fungicide. Do not exceed the total number of
sequential applications of Group 1 1 fungicides and total number of applications of Group 1 1 fungicides per
season as stated on their labels.

Kumulus DF (sulfur)

Group M

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

1. Formulation: 80% water dispersible granular, 25 kg bag.

2. Registered Mixes: Polyram DF.

3. Crops: Greenhouse cucumbers, peas. Saskatoon berries.

4. Diseases Controlled: Entomosporium leaf and berry spot (saskatoon berries), powdery mildew (cucumbers,
peas).

5. When Used: See “How to Apply.”

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Water volume: Peas and cucumbers: Minimum of 40 L/ac. Saskatoon berries: 40 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 345 kPa.

Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fans recommended.

411

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Kumulus DF (cont'd)

Rate:

Greenhouse cucumbers

powdery mildew 1 20 g/1 00 L water Apply once every 5 days as required.

I Peas ' ' " " I ^'’^1: ^ ' 'I

s powdery mildew 0.6 kg/ac Spray at first appearance of disease and repeat at

7 - 10 day intervals as necessary.

I Saskatoon henries i

Entmosporium leaf and berry spot 3.0 kg/ac Apply first at flower bud break and at 10 - 14 day

intervals white disease persists.

7. Application Tips: Do not apply if temperature is above 27°C (in shade) and high humidity prevails or if any
of the aforementioned conditions are expected within 3 days after the treatment. Treat when conditions are
such that spray will dry on plants. Do not apply under intense sunshine.

8. How it Works: A contact and protectant fungicide/acaricide.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not apply later than l day before harvest.

10. Toxicity: Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 12,400 mg/kg , Acute inhalation (rats) = >5.7 mg/L.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself by reducing skin and eye exposure. Wear coveralls, brimmed hat,
goggles, respirator, unlined nitrile or neoprene gloves and rubber boots.

If in eyes, flush immediately with flowing water for at least 15 minutes. If on skin, wash with soap and
water, remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse. If swallowed, give two glasses of water;
induce vomiting. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air and assist breathing if necessary. In all cases, a

physician or Poison Control Centre should be consulted.

1 2. Storage: Store in cool, dry, well ventilated locked area without a floor drain.

Lance (boscalid)

1. Formulations: 70% water dispersible granular (WDG); 2 x 2.83 kg per case.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Canola, dry and succulent beans, fababeans, lentil, chickpeas, berries group, bulb vegetables group,
carrots, fruiting vegetables (except cucurbits group), grapes, field lettuce (head and leaf), potatoes,

stone fruits group and strawberries.

4. Diseases Controlled:

Crop* Disease

Canola Sclerotinia stem rot {Sclerotinia sderotiorum)

Chickpea and lentil Ascochyta blight {Ascochyta spp.), gray mold {Botiytis cinerea),

white mold (Sclerotinia sderotiorum)

Dry beans White mold (Sclerotinia sderotiorum)

Potato Early blight (Alternaria solani)

* Refer to the label for crops not detailed above.

412

Lance (cont'd)

5. When Used:

Canola: Apply at 20 - 50% flowering. Apply a second time 7 - 14 days later up to 50% bloom if disease
persists, or weather conditions are favourable for disease development.

Dry beans: Apply at 20 - 50% flowering. Apply a second time 7-14 days later if disease persists, or
weather conditions are favourable for disease development. Use the higher rate to obtain extended
protection and maximum yield benefit.

Chickpea, lentil: Apply at the beginning of flowering. Apply a second time 7-14 days later if disease
persists, or weather conditions are favourable for disease development.

Potatoes: Apply prior to disease development if conditions are favorable for disease development. Do not
apply more than 4 times per season. Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications before rotating to a
different mode of action for at least 1 application.

6. How to Apply:

With:

Ground or aerial application: Canola, dried beans (except soybean), chickpea and lentil.

Ground application only: Succulent beans, lettuce, fruiting vegetables (except cucurbits), potatoes,
carrots, bulb vegetables, stone fruits, berries, grapes and strawberries.

Rate:

Canola: 142 g/ac.

Dry beans: 227 - 312 g/ac - use the higher rate to obtain extended protection and maximum yield benefit.

Chickpea, lentil: 170 g/ac.

Potatoes: 70 - 125 g/ac - use the high rate under severe disease conditions.

Water volume:

Aerial application: Minimum of 16 L/ac. Ensure thorough coverage of foliage.

Ground application: Minimum of 40 L/ac.

Pressure: Consult nozzle manufacturers’ recommendation for spray pressures for specific nozzles.

7. Application Tips: Clean the spray tank following sprayer clean-up recommendations on the label of the
product applied previously. Fill the spray tank 1/2 full with clean water and begin vigorous agitation. Add
the specified amount of Lance WDG fungicide to the tank. Continue agitation while filling the tank to the
desired volume to obtain the required spray concentration. Maintain vigorous agitation throughout the
spraying operation. If spray solution sits in the tank for more than one hour without being sprayed out, make
sure it is in solution prior to subsequent application. Do not tank mix with any other products. Good
coverage is essential for effective disease control. Any reduction in water volume can reduce disease control.
As with all fungicides, Lance works better if it is applied in a preventative manner and performs best if
applied in a regularly scheduled protective spray program. Maximum number of applications per season:
canola, dry beans, chickpeas, lentil - 2. Do not apply to any body of water. Avoid drifting of spray onto any
body of water or other non-target areas. Specified buffer zones should be observed.

8. How it Works: Due to its protective and curative-eradicative effects, Lance WDG can therefore be applied in
either pre- or post-infection situations. However, optimum disease control is achieved when Lance WDG
fungicide is applied in a regularly scheduled protective spray program and is used in a rotation program with
other fungicides.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply if rainfall is imminent.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: All crops can be grazed or fed to livestock.

Preharvest intervals: Canola, dry beans, chickpeas, lentil - 21 days; Potatoes - 30 days. For all other
labeled crops, please refer to the label. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours after application or until dry.

Crop rotation restrictions: Labelled crops can be planted immediately following application. All other
crops can be planted 14 days after the last application.

413

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Lance (cont'd)

10. Toxicity: Acute oral LD3Q (rats) >2,000 mg/kg/bw. Acute dermal (rats) >2,000 mg/kg/bw. Treat
symptomatically.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Do not take internally - harmful if swallowed. Call a physician or poison control
centre immediately. Drink large quantities of water. Do not induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. Do not get in eyes, causes eye irritation, potential skin sensitizer. Avoid contact with
skin and clothing. Keep out of reach of children.

In case of eye contact, flush eyes immediately with flowing water for at least 15 minutes and consult a
physician if irritation develops. In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated
clothing and launder separately from household laundry before re-use. Consult a physician if irritation
develops. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Assist breathing if necessary. Consult a physician
immediately. Take container, label or product name and pest control product registration number with you
when seeking medical attention. Wash thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking or smoking.
Wear long sleeved shirt, long pants, chemical resistant gloves, socks and footwear during mixing/loading,
application, cleanup and repair. If clothing becomes contaminated, remove and wash separately from
household laundry before reuse. Clean spray equipment thoroughly after use. Do not contaminate domestic
or irrigation water, lakes, streams or ponds by the cleaning of equipment or the disposal of wastes. Apply
only when the potential for drift to areas of human habitation or areas of human activity such as houses,
cottages, schools and recreational areas is minimal. Take into consideration wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, application equipment and sprayer settings. If this pest control product is to be used on a
commodity that may be exported to the U.S. and you require information on acceptable residue levels in the
U.S., contact 1-866-375-4648 orwww.cropro.org.

1 2. Storage: Store in original, tightly closed container. Do not ship or store near food, feed, seed and fertilizers.
Store in a cool, dry, locked, well ventilated area without a floor drain.

13. Resistance Management: Any fungal population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Group 7
fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly
in the same locations. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

Parasol WP/FL (copper hydroxide)

Group M

Manufacturer: Nufarni Canada

1. Formulations: Wettable Powder, 50%, 10 kg bags. Flowable, 24.4 %, 2 x 10 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: Mancozeb.

3. Crops: Flowable: Potatoes. Wettable powder: Beans, cucumbers, peppers, potatoes, sugarbeets, tomatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Bacterial blight (Halo beans, common beans), Cercospora leaf spot (sugarbeets),
early blight (potatoes), late blight (potatoes).

5. When Used:

Potatoes: Apply when plants are 15 cm high; apply at 7 - 10 day intervals; Parasol WP or FL may be
applied at vine kill with a desiccant or alone after vine kill, prior to harvest.

Beans: Apply when plants are 15 cm high; repeat at 7 - 14 day intervals.

Sugarbeets: Begin applications when disease threatens; repeat every 10 - 14 days.

Cucumbers: Apply weekly once plants begin to vine.

Tomatoes/peppers: Apply when disease threatens; repeat every 7 - 10 days.

414

Parasol WP/FL (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

Water volume: Enough to ensure complete coverage.

Rate: Use high rates if conditions favour disease or if crop canopy is dense.

Crop

Parasol WP

Parasol FL

Beans

0.9 - 1 .3 kg/ac

Potatoes

0.45 - 1 kg/ac

0.32 - 0.73 L/ac

Potatoes (vine kill)

1 .38 kg/ac

1.0 L/ac

Sugarbeets

0.9 - 1 .8 kg/ac

Tomatoes

0.7 - 0.9 kg/ac

7. Application Tips: Continuous agitation is recommended.

8. How it Works: A contact fungicide.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest intervals: All crops can be harvested one day after
application.

10. Toxicity: Low mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention. Take labelled container with you. Avoid breathing spray mist.

12. Storage: store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area out of reach of children and animals.

Polyram 16D/Polyram DF

(metiram)

Group M

Manufacturer: BASF Canada

WARNING CORROSIVE

1 . Formulation: Dry flowable: Polyram DF - 80%; 20 kg bag. Dry flowable: Polyram 16D - 16%; 10 kg box.
Polyram 16D is generally used on potato seed treatment; Polyram DF is used as a foliar fungicide.

2. Registered Mixes: Benlate sow, Diazinon, Malathion. Compatible with most commonly used insecticides,
adjuvants and fungicides, including Superior Oil Mixtures with Diazinon or Malathion. These should be
prepared immediately prior to use and not allowed to stand in the tank. Open bags should be sealed if stored
until the following season.

3. Crops: Potatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Blackleg (potatoes), early blight (potatoes), late blight (potatoes).

5. When Used: See “How to Apply.”

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft, ground equipment.

Water volume: Aircraft: 22 L/ac; Ground: 40 - 80 L/ac.

Pressure: 275 - 345 kPa.

415

Polyram 16D/Polyram DF (cont'd)

Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fans recommended.

Rate:

Crop/dtsease
Potato (foliar spray)

Early and late blight

Formulation Quantity/when to use

Polyram 16D 4.8 * 5.7 kg/ac. Begin treating when plants are 15 cm high and repeat at

7 - 10 day intervals until tops are killed.

Polyram DF At 7 - 10 day intervals 0.45 - 0.71 kg/ac until plants cover the row. Then

increase to 0.9 kg/ac until tops are killed or use 0.45 - 0.71 kg/ac at
5 - 7 day intervals starting when plants are 1 5 cm high and continue until
killing.

When conditions (rain or dew) favour infections, use the shorter intervals
in each case.

7. Application Tips: See “How to Apply.”

8. How it Works: A contact and protectant fungicide.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed treated forage to livestock. Do not apply when
environmental conditions may cause drift from the treatment area. Harvest intervals (days): Carrots (5),
celery (14), potatoes (1), sugar beets (21), tomatoes (7).

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) technical = >10,000 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place. Do not allow product to become wet or overheated as this will
reduce its effectiveness and may create flammable vapours.

1. Formulation: Flowable; suspension concentrate; azoxystrobin 250 g/L, 4 x 3.78 L

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Beans (excluding soyabeans), canola, chickpeas, lentils, peas, potatoes, tomatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Alternaria black spot, Sclerotinia stem rot, virulent blackleg.

5. When Used:

Alternaria black spot: Apply at early pod stage (90% petal drop).

Sclerotinia stem rot: Apply at early bloom (prior to 30% bloom; this timing will also suppress Alternaria
black spot.).

Virulent blackleg: Apply at the 2 - 6 leaf stage of the canola.

Quadris (azoxystrobin)

416

Quadris (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: Virulent blackleg and Altemaria black spot: 202 mL/ac. Sclerotinia stem rot: 282 - 404 mL/ac*.

* Use higher rates for fields with Sclerotinia history or crops under severe or prolonged disease conditions, high
humidity or excessive rainfall.

Water volume: Aerial application: Minimum of 18 L of water per acre.

Ground application: Sufficient water to ensure thorough coverage of foliage, (at least 40 L/ac). Use
sufficient water volumes for good coverage.

Pressure: 275 kPa (40 psi).

j Caution: Quadris fungicide has been shown to be extremely ph)dotoxic to certain apple varieties. Quadris
should not be applied where there is the possibility of spray drift reaching apple or crabapple trees. Do not
use sprayers used to apply Quadris fungicide to spray apples or crabapples.

7. Application Tips: Partially fill the spray tank with clean water and begin agitation. Add the specified amount
of Quadris to the tank. Finish filling the tank to the desired volume for the required spray concentration;
maintain agitation. Maintain agitation throughout the spraying operation. If the spray mixture stands for a
prolonged period (i.e. overnight), vigorous agitation may be required to re-suspend the solution.

8. How it Works: Quadris fungicide is a broad spectrum, preventative fungicide with systemic properties.
Effects of rainfall: Do not apply if rainfall is imminent.

9. Grazing and Harvesting Restrictions: Do not apply within 30 days of harvest.

Plant back intervals (days): Broadleaf and root crops (30); cereals (45).

10. Toxicity: Low oral toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg. This product is unlikely to cause harmful
effects under normal conditions of handling and use. No specific symptoms are known for this product. If
ingested, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain may occur. Treat symptomatically.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Wash
with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking or smoking. Wash contaminated clothing
separately from household laundry before reuse. Do not wear contaminated shoes. Wear long-sleeved shirt,
long pants, and chemical resistant gloves when mixing and loading Quadris fungicide as well as during
cleanup and repair activities. Keep out of reach of children.

Do not contaminate irrigation water, lakes, streams or ponds by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
A 100 metre buffer zone must be observed adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas such as forests, water
bodies, wetlands and areas that drain into these habitats. Do not apply Quadris fungicide through irrigation
equipment.

If on skin, wash with plenty of soap and water. If in eyes, flush eyes immediately with clean water for at
least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, induce vomiting. Get medical attention
immediately. If patient is unconscious, provide air.

1 2. Storage: Keep in tightly closed original container during storage. Store in cool, dry, well ventilated area
away from feed and foodstuffs and out of reach of children and animals. Do not store below 0°C.

13. Resistance Management: Quadris fungicide contains a Group 11 fungicide. Any fungal population may
contain individuals naturally resistant to Quadris fungicide and other Group 11 fungicides. A gradual or total
loss of pest control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

417

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Reason 500 SC (fenamidone)

Group 11

10.

11.

12.

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

Formulation: Flowable; suspension concentrate; 500 g/L fenamidone; 2, 4 or 10 L.

Registered Mixes: Bravo, Dithane.

Crops: Potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Late blight.

When Used; Application of Reason 500 SC for control of late blight should begin when plants are 15 - 20 cm
high or when disease threatens (whichever comes first). Apply a fungicide having a different mode of action
within 7-10 days after each application of Reason 500 SC.

Timing of application: When Reason 500 SC is applied alone, use the shorter spray interval when
conditions favor disease development. Under severe disease conditions, it is recommended to use a tank mix
of Reason 500 SC with Dithane DG or Bravo 500 and the shorter spray interval. Follow the recommended
spray interval for each fungicide application before proceeding with the next application. Do not apply
Reason 500 SC, alone or in tank mix, more than 6 times in a year.

How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate: 160 ml/ac; 80 mL/ac when tank mixed with Bravo or Dithane.

Water volume:

Ground: Minimum 90 L/ac; enough to ensure complete coverage.

Pressure: Minimum 275 kPa.

Application Tips: Reason 500 SC should be applied as a preventative disease control measure. Good
coverage is essential for effective disease control. Any reduction in water volume can reduce disease control.
How it Works: Reason 500 SC is a preventative, protectant fungicide, which inhibits spore germination and
acts as an anti-sporulant.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval 14 days.

Toxicity: Oral LD^^J (rats) fenamidone = 750 mg/kg.

Precautions, First Aid: if in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with a steady, gentle stream of water for a
minimum of 15 minutes. Get medical attention or contact a Poison Control Center. If swallowed, have
patient drink 1 or 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with a finger, if
patient is conscious. Do not give an)rthing by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician or contact a
Poison Control Center. If on skin, wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing.

If inhaled, remove patient from site of exposure. Give supportive care. Seek medical attention immediately
if toxicity or irritation persists. Take container, label or product name and pest control product registration
number with you when seeking medical attention.

Storage: Store container in a cool, dry place away from feeds, seeds, fertilizers, plants and foodstuffs. Keep
leftover product in original container, tightly closed, in a safe place. Do not use or store in or around the
home. Keep away from fire or open flame or other sources of heat. If stored for 1 year or longer, shake well
before using. Cannot be stored below freezing.

418

Ridomil Gold/Bravo

(chlorothalonil + metalaxyl)

10.

Group M,4

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

Formulation: Liquid; chlorothalonil 500 g/L + metalaxyl 480 g/L; 2 x (0.83 L + 8 L).

Registered Mixes: None. Do not tank mix with a top killer (crop desiccant).

Crops: Potatoes.

Diseases Controlled: Botrytis vine rot, early blight, late blight, late blight tuber rot.

Fungi suppressed: Pythium leak and pink rot.

When Used: it is recommended that Bravo/Ridomil be used within an Integrated Pest Management
Program, (sound seed, field selection and rotation, field monitoring, use program of recommended contact
fungicides).

For Botrytis vine rot, early blight, late blight, late blight tuber rot, Pythium leak and pink
rot: Apply early in the season when conditions are favorable for disease (before disease infection), but
no later that when plant foliage meets within the row uniformly across the field. Apply a second and third
application of Ridomil Gold/Bravo at 14-day intervals. The label rate of a registered contact fungicide should
be applied 7 days after each Ridomil Gold/Bravo application. Following the last application of Ridomil
Gold/Bravo, apply the labelled registered contact fungicide at its recommended timing throughout the
reminder of the season.

Note: If applications of Ridomil Gold/Bravo fungicide are made for control of foliar diseases, additional
applications of tuber disease control are not needed.

How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Water volume: Ground: Minimum of 91 L water/ac. Air: Minimum of 20 L water/ac.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan. Spray screens should be no finer than 50 mesh. For aerial application, adjust nozzles to
provide a medium droplet size of 200 - 400 microns. Sprays: Do not let tank contents stand for prolonged
periods without agitation.

Rate: One 8.83 L jug will treat 10 acres. Do not attempt to measure from this jug. The entire contents must
be added to the spray tank or an improper mixture will result.

Application Tips: Do not contaminate bodies of water through application sprays, cleanup or runoff. Do not
apply when weather conditions favour drift from treated areas. Consult local authorities as to the
determination of adequate buffer zones. Not recommended for disease control in greenhouses.

How it Works: Bravo/Ridomil is a combination of a systemic and contact fungicide. It has both preventative
and curative activity against fungi of the order Peronosporales - this includes the late blight fungus.

Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed to livestock. Do not make more than 3 applications per
season regardless of the disease being treated.

Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) chlorothalonil = 10,000 mg/kg,
metalaxyl = 669 mg/kg.

419

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Ridomil Gold/Bravo (cont'd)

11. Precautions, First Aid: Protect yourself from eye, skin and respiratory exposure. Causes severe eye
damage. Wear full protective clothing - long-sleeved shirt, long pants, coveralls, chemical resistant
gloves, rubber boots, goggles - during mixing, loading, application, cleanup and repair. Wear a
respirator, goggles or a face shield during mixing and loading.

In in eyes, flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes and get immediate medical attention. If on skin,
wash thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention if skin irritation persists. If inhaled, move to
fresh air and monitor. If swallowed, give water or milk and seek immediate medical attention at a Poison
Control Centre or medical facility. Do not induce vomiting. There is no specific antidote; treat
symptomatically.

Symptoms of poisoning: Redness of the eyes, mild bronchial irritation, redness or rash on exposed skin
areas.

1 2. Storage: store in a dry, heated area and maintain above 0°C. Keep away from sources of heat. Avoid storage
with food or feed.

1 3. Resistance Management: For resistance management, please note that Ridomil Gold/Bravo fungicide
contains Group M and Group 4 fungicides. Any fungal population may contain individuals naturally resistant
to Ridomil Gold/Bravo fungicide and other Group M and Group 4 fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest
control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance
mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced
metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP

(metalaxyl + mancozeb)

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Ini

Group 4,M

WARNING POISON

1. Formulation: Wettable powder; 8% metalaxyl + 64% mancozeb; 4% metalaxyl + 64% mancozeb; 6 x 4 kg.

2. Registered Mixes: None. Do not tank mix Ridomil MZ with a top-killer (crop desiccant).

3. Crops: Lettuce, onions, potatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Downy mildew in onions and head lettuce, early blight, late blight and late blight
tuber rot in potatoes.

Fungi suppressed: Pink rot and Pythium leak in potatoes.

5. When Used: Early and late blight on the foliage of potatoes and suppression of Pythium leak
and pink rot: Apply before the outbreak of disease. Apply up to 3 applications in sufficient water to ensure
thorough coverage of foliage. Start application early - the first application should be applied before the
leaves of the plants touch in the potato row. Apply a second and third application of Ridomil MZ at

10-14 day intervals. Apply a contact fungicide recommended for control of late blight 5 - 7 days after each
Ridomil MZ application. Following the final Ridomil MZ application, apply a contact fungicide recommended
for late blight control at the recommended rate and interval to the end of the season.

Use limitations: Discontinue use when potato vines start to look mature.

420

Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

With: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 1 kg/ac.

Water volume:

Ground: Sufficient water to ensure thorough coverage of foliage.

Air: Minimum of 20 L of water per acre.

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan. Spray screens should be no finer than 50 mesh. For aerial application, adjust nozzles to
provide a medium droplet size of 200 - 400 microns.

Sprays: Do not let tank contents stand for prolonged periods without agitation. Ensure bypass line
discharges at the bottom of the tank to minimize foaming.

7. Application Tips: Apply as part of a preventative disease management program. Cultural practices to
minimize the sources of disease should be used as well as early preventative applications of fungicides.
Under severe late blight conditions, the shorter 10-day interval is recommended. When changing from
Ridomil MZ to a contact fungicide, apply within 5 - 7 days of the last Ridomil MZ application. Avoid
application when weather conditions favour drift from treated areas.

8. How it Works: Ridomil MZ is a combination of a systemic and contact fungicide. It has both preventative
and curative activity against fungi of the order Peronosporales - this includes the late blight fungus.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not feed to livestock. Do not apply within 14 days of lettuce harvest
or 7 days of onion harvest. Do not make more than 3 applications per season regardless of the disease being
treated. Do not re-enter the treated areas within 12 hours.

1 0. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) mancozeb = 8,000 mg/kg;

metalaxyl = 669 mg/kg. In order to minimize risk to the environment from the use of this product, do not
use on coarse textured gravelly soils, soils with less than 2% organic matter or in areas where the water
table may be high.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention. If swallowed, seek
medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Irritation of eyes, skin or respiratory tract; vomiting, diarrhea, apathy,
circulatory problems. Some individuals may develop an allergy. Prolonged or repeated overexposure to dust
may cause apathy, loss of appetite or weakness.

For physician: There is no specific antidote for this product. If ingested, induce emesis or initiate gastric
lavage. Treat symptomatically.

1 2. Storage: Dry, heated storage above 0°C. Keep away from sources of heat above 40°C. Keep containers closed
when not in use.

421

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Ronilan EG (vinclozolin)

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulation: Extruded granule; 50%; 12 kg box (1.2 kg/PVC bag, 2 x 1.2 kg/pouch, 5 x 2.4 kg/pouch per
box).

2. Registered Mixes: Lorsban 4E, Pyrinex 480EC.

3. Crops: Canola, dry beans, strawberries.

4. Diseases Controlled: Grey mould (Botrjtis dnerea), white mould (Sderotinia sderotoinim) Sclerotinia stem
rot (Sderotinia sderotoirum) .

5. When Used:

Canola: Single application: Apply at early to mid bloom (20 - 50%). This stage will normally be about
4 - 8 days after beginning of flowering. Maximum of 1 application per season. Split application: Apply at
early to mid bloom (20 - 30%) with a second application 7 days later at late bloom (50%) if the disease
persists, or weather conditions are favorable for disease development. Maximum of 2 applications per
season.

Dry common beans: Single application: Apply at early to mid bloom (30 - 50%). Maximum of
1 application per year. Split application: Apply at early to mid bloom (30 - 50%) with a second
application 7-14 days later at full bloom if the disease persists or weather conditions are favorable for
disease development. Maximum of 2 applications per season. Do not apply more than 0.8 kg/ac per season.
Strawberries: The first application should be made no later than 10% primary bloom, and the last
application should be before the end of the blooming period. Maximum of 4 applications per season. Do not
allow more than 3.2 kg/ac per season.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Water volume: Air: 16 L/ac. Ground: 45 - 90 L/ac. Strawberries: 405 L/ac.

Canola: Air or ground.

Beans, strawberries: Ground only.

Pressure: 275 kPa. Strawberries: 425 - 850 kPa.

Rate:

Crop Disease g/ac

Canola - single application Sclerotinia stem rot 300 - 400*

* Use the high rate (400 g/ac) where conditions are extremely favourable for development of disease (heavy crop
canopy, high humidity and/or excessive rainfall).

** Apply first application (200 mL/ac) at early bloom (20 - 30%) with a second application (200 mL/ac) 7 days later at
full bloom if the disease persists or if weather conditions are favorable for disease development.

7. Application Tips: Thorough coverage of plant parts prior to infection is essential for effective disease
control. Ensure continuous agitation in the spray tank until the spray solution is sprayed out. Ronilan EG
should be applied using standard aerial equipment or ground equipment and practices. When applying by
air, treat when wind is less than 8 kilometers per hour. Avoid handling the water soluble bags with wet
gloves or placing the bags on wet surfaces.

split application

200**
400 - 600
800

Dry beans
Strawberries

White mold
Grey mold

422

Ronilan EG (cont'd)

8. How it Works: Ronilan EG is a contact protectant fungicide with some early eradicant properties that will
control infections that occurred up to 36 hours prior to application. Contact activity means all the fungicide
remains on the petal surfaces where the disease initially develops, and the fungicidal activity is not diluted
by movement to other plant tissues that have no impact on the development of Sclerotinia. It acts by
preventing the germination of spores and will arrest the development of germinated spores.

Effects of rainfall: Do not apply if rain is imminent.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not allow livestock to graze on treated plants. Pre-harvest
intervals (days): Canola (45), dry common beans (40 days), strawberries (3).

10. Toxicity: Very low mammalian toxicity, LD^^^ (rats) = >5,000 mg/kg.

Warning: Animal studies have demonstrated that the active ingredient in this product can produce adverse
effects on the reproductive system and on the developing fetus. Workers, especially women of child-bearing
age, should be careful when handling this product. Occupational exposure will be reduced by strict
adherence to the handling precautions and use directions provided.

11. Precautions, First Aid: Refer to label for guidelines on protective clothing.

If in eyes, flush immediately with flowing water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician if irritation
develops. If on skin, wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse.
Consult a physician if irritation develops. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Assist breathing if
necessary. Consult a physician immediately. If swallowed, give two (2) glasses of water, induce
vomiting and consult a physician immediately.

12. Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated space away from feeds and foods. Freezing will not affect
Ronilan EG.

Rovral Flo/Rovral WP (iprodione)

Group 2

Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience

CAUTION POISON

1 . Formulation: Wettable powder; 50%; 1 kg, 8 kg bags. Flowable; Rovral Flo; 240 g/L; 2 x 8.4 L pack.

2. Registered Mixes: Addition of 405 g non-ionic wetter is recommended for improved fungicide performance
with the wettable powder only.

3. Crops: Canola, kidney beans, snap beans, white beans.

4. Diseases Controlled: Alternaria, Botrytis pod rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, Sclerotinia white mold.

5. When Used:

Kidney and white beans: For control of Sclerotinia white mould: Treatment prior to the presence
of disease is preferable; however, Rovral is still effective if applied at the initial sign of infection, when less
than 5% of the plants are showing Sclerotinia white mold. Apply when beans are in the 25 - 75% bloom
stage. Snap beans: For Sclerotinia white mold control: Apply when 50% of the bloom has opened. For
Botrytis pod rot control: Apply twice, when 30% and again when 50% of the blooms have opened.

Canola: For control of Sclerotinia stem rot: Apply when crop is in the 20 - 30% bloom stage.

For Argentine varieties, apply when 15 - 20% of the flowers are open (including small pods) on the main
stem. For Polish varieties, apply when 11 - 15% of the flowers (or small pods) are open on the main stem.

423

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Rovrai Flo/Rovral WP (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

with; Aircraft or ground equipment.

Water volume: Beans 18 L/ac (air); 121 L/ac (ground). Canola 18 L/ac (air); 40 L/ac (ground).

Rate:

Roval Fto

Roval WP

Crop

Disease

mt/ac

g/ac

Canola - single application

Sclerotinia stem rot

840 - 1,253*

. 1 .

Alternaria (suppression)

840

Alternaria (control)***

840

Canola - split application**

Sclerotinia stem rot and

420 - 630 -h 420

' 1 :

Alternaria (suppression)

Alternaria (control)***

420 + 420

■ i

5 Kidney beans, snap beans,

Botrytis and sclerotinia

400 - 606

i white beans

* Higher rate for fields with a history of heavy disease pressure or with dense crop stands.

** Apply first application (420 - 630 mL/ac) at the 20% bloom stage of canola. The use of the higher rate on the first
application is recommended for field with a history of sclerotinia disease pressure or dense crop stands. The second
application should be made at the 50% bloom stage of canola for sclerotinia control.

*** Control of alternaria requires an application at the early green pod stage. Early green pod stage occurs when almost
all the canola pods are fully formed and still green with only a few flowers or underdeveloped pods remaining at the
top of the plant.

7. Application Tips: when disease is actively growing in beans, the infection may quickly exceed the point
where 5% of plants show mold. Spray mixture should be used on the day prepared. Good spray coverage is
essential.

8. How it Works: Rovrai is a protective and eradicant fungicide. Prevents disease infestation during the mid-
flowering period and thus protects against major yield losses.

Effects of rainfall: Do not spray in heavy dew or when rain is imminent.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Observe a pre-harvest interval of 38 days.

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) iprodione = 3,500 mg/kg. Very low
toxicity to bees.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes. A mild
eye irritant. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store flowable above 0°C.

424

Senator 70WP (thiophanate methyl)

Group 1

Manufacturer; Engage Agro Corporation

1. Formulation: Wettable powder 70%; 2 kg.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Sugarbeet, white beans.

4. Diseases Controlled: Leaf spot, white mold.

5. When Used: Sugarbeets: Apply when disease first appears. Repeat 14 - 21 days later if required.

White beans: Apply when conditions favouring development of disease exists, which usually occurs during
early stages of bloom prior to rows closing in. Repeat applications if required.

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment or by air.

Rate: Sugarbeets: 0.17 - 0.23 kg/ac. White beans: 0.71 - 0.91 kg/ac.

Water volume: White beans: Ground: 404 L/ac; Aerial: 20 - 24 L/ac.

7. Application Tips: Reduced control can be expected in fields where volunteers from the previous year’s crop
act as a source of infection.

Consult your provincial specialist for recommendations.

8. How it Works: Senator 70WP is a systemic fungicide effective against certain fungal diseases.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Sugarbeet: Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. No sugarbeets or
parts of the sugarbeets are to be used as fodder or feed. White beans: Do not feed or allow livestock to graze
on treated crops.

10. Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) technical = 7,500 mg/kg. Senator
(non-toxic).

Do not contaminate domestic or irrigation water supplies, lakes, streams or ponds.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes. If
swallowed, seek medical attention.

12. Storage: Store in a dry place.

1 3. Resistance Management: For resistance management, please note that Senator 70WP contains a Group 1
fungicide. Any fungal population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Senator 70WP and other
Group 1 fungicides. A gradual or total loss of pest control may occur over time if these fungicides are used
repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific
for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management
strategies should be followed.

425

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Group 11,3

Stratego 250 EC

( trifloxystrobin + propiconazole )

Manufacturer: Bayer CropSctence

1. Formulation: 125 g/L propiconazole and 125 g/L trifloxystrobin as an EC formulation, 8 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Oats, spring barley, wheat (Canadian prairie, durum, hard red, soft white, winter).

4. Diseases Controlled: Barley: Net blotch, scald, Septoria leaf blotch. Oats: Crown rust, Septoria leaf
blotch. Wheat: Leaf and stem rust, powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, stripe rust, tan spot.

5. When Used: Apply Stratego 250 EC at the very early stages of disease development. Typically, one
application from the beginning of tillering up to flag leaf emergence is required. A second application may
be made if needed up to 1/2 emergence of the head. Do not apply second application within 14 days of the
first treatment.

Timing of application: Single application: 4 leaf to 1/2 head emergence. Two applications: First
application - 4 leaf to flag leaf stage. Second application - up to 1/2 head emergence, but not within
14 days of first application.

6. How to Apply: '

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 200 ml/ac.

Water volume:

Ground: 40 - 80 L/ac.

Aircraft: Minimum of 20 L/ac.

Pressure: Minimum of 275 kPa by ground.

7. Application Tips: Stratego 250 EC should be applied as a preventative disease control measure or at the
very early stages of disease development. Established diseases are more difficult to control and may have
already reduced crop vigor. Good coverage is essential for effective disease control. Any reduction in water
volume can reduce disease control.

8. How it Works: Stratego 250 EC is a broad spectrum, foliar fungicide for preventative disease control in
cereals.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Pre-harvest interval (days), grazing (30), grain, hay or straw (45).

If 2 applications of Stratego 250EC are applied, do not allow grazing or harvesting of treated crop for forage
or hay. Do not apply Stratego 250 EC within 45 days of harvest.

10. Toxicity: Oral LD^^ (rats) = 4,757 mg/kg.

1 1 . Precautions, First Aid: If in eyes, immediately rinse eyes with a large amount of running water. Hold
eyelids apart to rinse entire surface of the eye and lids. Get medical attention if irritation persists. Do not
apply any medicating agents except on the advice of a physician. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Promptly drink a large quantity of milk, egg whites, or gelatin solution. If these are not available, drink large
quantities of water. Never give an)^hing by mouth to an unconscious person. Call physician or Poison Control
Center immediately. If on skin, wash with plenty of soap and water. Do not apply any medicating agents
except on the advice of a physician. In case of poisoning, call a physician or Poison Control Center
immediately. Take container, label or product name and pest control product registration number with you
when seeking medical attention.

1 2. Storage: Store container in a cool, dry place away from food, drink and animal feedstuffs. Keep leftover
product in original container, tightly closed, in a safe place. Protect from freezing.

426

Tattoo C

chlorothalonil)

Manufacturer: Bayer CropSctenc

(propamocarbhydrochloride +

Group U,M

DANGER CORROSIVE

1. Formulation: Suspension concentrate; 375 g/L Propamocarb HCl + 375 g/L Chlorothalonil; 10 L jug.

2. Registered Mixes: None.

3. Crops: Potatoes.

4. Diseases Controlled: Late blight.

5. When Used: Use a maximum of 3 applications of Tattoo C per growing season as a foliar spray in a
preventative program for control of late blight in potatoes. Begin applications when conditions are favorable
for disease, but before infection, and continue on 7 - 14 day intervals until the threat of disease is over. Use
the 7-day interval when the risk and conditions for disease are high. When applying Tattoo C on the longer
spray interval (10-14 days), alternate with an application of a contact fungicide midway between Tattoo C
applications.

6. How to Apply:

with: Ground equipment.

Rate: 1.1 L/ac.

Water volume: Apply in 80 - 120 L of water per acre. Ensure thorough coverage of the potato foliage.
Sprays: Do not allow spray mixture to remain in tank overnight or for long periods during the day without
agitation.

Mixing instructions: Add one-half of the required amount of water to the spray or mixing tank and start
agitation. Add the required quantity of Tattoo C to the water and complete filling with water. Maintain
agitation throughout spraying.

7. Application Tips: Thorough spray coverage of all plant material (particularly lower stems) is essential to
attain optimum systemic activity. If multiple fungicide applications are required, rotation with other
fungicide products is recommended. Where possible. Tattoo C should be applied in alternation with a
fungicide having a different mode of action. Treatments with any product containing chlorothalonil must be
separated by a minimum of 7 days.

8. How it Works: Tattoo C is a fungicide that combines the systemic action of propamocarb hydrochloride with
the contact activity of chlorothalonil to give protection against late blight of potatoes. Propamocarb
hydrochloride only moves upward in the potato plant, so it is essential to ensure coverage of the lower
portions of the plant.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not feed treated crops to
livestock.

1 0. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) propamocarb hydrochloride =

2,000 - 8,550 mg/kg; chlorothalonil = 4,200 mg/kg.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

427

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Tattoo C (cont'd)

Precaution: Do not re-enter treated areas within 48 hours after treatment. If required, individuals may
re-enter treated areas within 48 hours for short-term tasks not involving hand labour provided that 4 hours
have passed since application and that long pants and a long-sleeved shirt are worn.

For physician: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. Medical personnel
should contact Aventis Crop Science’s Hazard Information Services at 1-800-228-5635, ext. 201.

1 2. Storage: Cannot be stored below freezing. Keep away from fire or open flame or other sources of heat. If
stored for 1 year or longer, shake well before using.

Tilt 250E (propiconazole)

Group 3

Manufacturer: Syngenta Crop Protection Canada Inc.

CAUTION POISON

1. Formulation: Emulsifiable concentrate; 250 g/L; 2x5 L jugs; 4x5 L jugs.

2. Registered Mixes: In wheat and barley only: 2,4-D Amine, MCPA Amine, Buctril M, Pardner. In wheat,
barley and oats: Liquid nitrogen (at 4.05 kg/ac or less). Matador.

3. Crops: Barley, Canada prairie spring wheat, canary seed, canola, dry beans, durum wheat, hard red spring
wheat, oats, soft white spring wheat, soybean, winter wheat.

Diseases Controlled:
Barley

Wheat

Oat

Canola

leaf rust

glume blotch

aerial web blight

blackleg

net blotch

leaf rust

crown rust

powdery mildew

frogeye leaf spot

scald

Septoria leaf spot

rust

Septoria leaf spot

stem rust

Septoria leaf blotch

spot blotch

stripe rust

soybean

stem rust

tan spot

Diseases suppressed: Septoria leaf mottle in canary seed.

5. When Used:

Barley oats and wheat: Apply at a very early stage of disease development, anytime from the beginning
of stem elongation to before the head is half emerged. Best results have been achieved when Tilt is applied
just as the flag leaf emerges. Conditions that favour a good crop are often the same conditions that favour
leaf diseases.

Canola: Apply Tilt during the rosette stage (between 2nd true leaf and bolting). Tilt will control blackleg
and enhance yield potential during the early stages of canola growth.

Canary seed: Apply at emergence to flag leaf stage (ground application only).

Note: Tilt should be applied as a preventative disease control measure. Established diseases are more
difficult to control and may have already reduced crop vigour.

6. How to Apply:

with: Aircraft or ground equipment.

Rate: 202 mL/ac.

Water volume: 80 L/ac (ground); 16 L/ac - 20 L/ac (air).

Pressure: 275 kPa.

Nozzles: Flat fan (ground); flat fan or hollow cone (air).

428

Tilt 250E (cont'd)

7. Application Tips: Good coverage is essential for effective disease control. Any reduction in water volume
can reduce disease control.

8. How it Works: Partially systemic, Tilt is transported upwards in plants. Tilt has both preventative and
curative activity. Length of control will vary from 3 - 4 weeks depending on disease, crop and environmental
conditions. Strongly absorbed by most soils. Studies show that Tilt remains in the upper layers of the soil
and very little to no leaching occurs.

Effects of rainfall: If rainfall occurs within 1 hour of application, re-application is necessary.

9. Grazing and Harvest Restrictions: Do not graze animals on treated green crops within 3 days of
application. Last application must be made prior to 45 days before harvest in cereals and 60 days before
harvest in canola. Straw from cereals can be fed to livestock provided no tank mix was used.

10. Toxicity: Low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) technical = 1,517 mg/kg,

Tilt = 2,105 mg/kg. Toxic to fish.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures. Get medical attention immediately for eyes.

If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Irritation of eyes or skin can result from overexposure. Prolonged or repeated
inhalation may cause headache, dizziness or nausea.

For physician: There is no specific antidote for this product.

1 2. Storage: Heated storage only.

1 3. Resistance Management: Tilt 250E fungicide contains a Group 3 fungicide. Any fungal population may
contain individuals naturally resistant to Tilt 250E fungicide and other Group 3 fungicides. A gradual or total
lost of pest of control may occur over time if these fungicides are used repeatedly in the same fields. Other
resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but specific for individual chemicals, such as
enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed.

429

Fungicides - Foliar Treatment

Rodenticide Index

Name Page/s

Chemical Control of Rodents 431

Introduction 431

Marketing Classification 431

Anticoagulants 432

bromodialone 432

chlorophacinone 432

difethialone 432

diphacinone 432

warfarin 432

warfarin + ergocalciferol 432

warfarin + sulfaquinoxaline 432

Acute Poisons

Bromethalin 435

Quintox 436

Rampage 436

cholecalciferol 436

Vitamin D3 436

Strychnine 437

Zinc Phosphide 438

Fumigants

Gaseous Oxides of Sulphur 440

gas cartridges 440

Repellents

Ro-pel 441

denatonium benzoate 441

Thiram 442

430

Chemical Control of Rodents

Marketing Classification

Introduction

Rodent problems are usually related to or are a
product of human cultural practices. Understanding
how to modify certain activities and situations will
help prevent or reduce problems with rodents. For
example, pastures should not be overgrazed as this
practice encourages the proliferation of ground
squirrels. Mouse problems can be prevented or
drastically reduced, especially in buildings, by
eliminating their food sources and areas of shelter.
Rotational cropping with weed control will prevent
the establishment of significant gopher populations.
However, not all rodent problems can be corrected
by management or cultural changes.

Chemical control, combined with management and
cultural modifications, is often required to
eliminate established rodent populations and to
prevent their recurrence. This section contains
information on chemicals used to control or repel
woodchucks, ground squirrels, mice, pocket
gophers, hares and rabbits.

Secondary poisoning describes poisoning that
results when one animal consumes another that has
been poisoned with a toxicant, and it, in turn, is
killed. When using baits, farmers must check their
success on a regular basis (every day is advisable).
Dead rodents above ground should be picked up
and removed to prevent the possibility of secondary
poisoning of wildlife and dogs. Where there is
evidence of secondary poisoning, the poisoning
program should be stopped immediately and re-
evaluated. Dead rodents should be buried deep
enough so that scavenging animals can’t dig them
up.

Each rodenticide or rodent repellent is classified
according to the use for which it is intended. The
categories are Domestic, Commercial or
Restricted.

A product classified as Domestic allows
consumers to use it in and around their homes.

A Commercial product can be used by persons
engaged in a commercial activity, such as a farmer,
on land they own or control. Commercial pest
control personnel may use this category product
within commercial establishments (i.e. restaurants,
hotels and food stores).

Restricted products are extremely hazardous.
Therefore, their use is more limited and controlled.
These products may be hazardous because of their
inherent toxicity or intended use in
environmentally sensitive areas. For example,
strychnine requires the distributor to record the
users’ name, address, land location, intended use
and signature at the time of sale.

431

Rodenticides

Anticoagulants (bromodialone, chlorophacinone,
difethialone, diphacinone, warfarin, warfarin + ergocalciferol,
warfarin + sulfaquinoxaline)

Manufacturer: Numerous Manufacturer

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations:
FormutatioR

Active ingredient (Al)

Concentration (At)

Container sizes

Bait block

Brodifacoum, bromodialone, chlorophacinone.

0.025%, 0.005%

50 g - 1 5 kg

diphacinone

difethialone

0.0025%

10 kg

Dust or powder

Warfarin

0.5%

100 g

Extruded pellets

Brodifacoum, bromodialone, chlorophacinone,

0.005%

50 g - 20 kg

diphacinone

Warfarin

0.025%

50 g - 9 kg

Sulfaquinoxaline + warfarin

0.025% + 0,025%

500 g - 1 kg

Particulate

Bromodialone, chlorophacinone

0,005%

20 g - 20 kg

Ergocalciferol + warfarin

0.025% + 0.1%

500 g, 10 kg

Warfarin

0.025%

454 g - 20 kg

Sulfaquinoxaline

0.025% + 0.025%

500 g - 10 kg

Sodium salt of Diphacinone

Diphacinone

0.106%

50 ml

Soluble granules

Warfarin

0.5%, 1.5%

11.3g

Solution

Chlorophacinone

0.28%, 0.07%

250 ml, 1 L

Wholegrain

Diphacinone

0.005%

250 gm

Warfarin

0.025%

340 - 450 gm

Note: Brodifacoum and bromodialone are single-feeding anticoagulants; all others are multiple-feeding anticoagulants.

2. Marketing Category: Commercial, domestic.

432

Anticoagulants (cont'd)

3. Registered Uses:

Products

Farm buildings
Food service areas
Fruit trees, ornamentals, vines
Garbage dumps
Grainaries (empty)

Human dwellings

Nurseries

Orchards

Outdoor living areas (parks, playgrounds)
Sewers

Storage buildings
Woodlands

Ground squirrels and pocket gophers: Chlorophacinone and dipachinone in farmyards,
forage/field crops, gardens, nurseries, pasture/rangeland, residential areas, turf.

4. Animals Controlled: Ground squirrels, mice, pocket gophers, voles (field mice), Norway rats.

5. When Used:

Ground squirrels: Springtime, prior to vegetation regrowth, may provide better results; late summer and
post-harvest for best control.

Mice, Norway rats, voles: Best results when used after removal of other food sources.

Pocket gophers: Use in early spring before “green-up” or late fall for best results.

6. How to Apply:

with: For ground squirrels, baits can be placed in a bait station or into burrows and covered. For pocket
gophers, apply bait into burrow by hand probe or with use of tractor-drawn applicator. Apply for mice and
voles within a bait station. Weatherproof baits may be broadcast outside but must be under cover
(i.e. balestack, grainbin, etc.) in late fall to control mouse and vole damage to nursery stock, ornamentals
and shelterbelts.

433

W+Sulfaquinoxaline

Rodenticides

Anticoagulants (cont'd)

Rate:

Bait station

Animal

Formulation

500 g/station every 30 - 60 m of infested area
depending on animal density

Ground squirrel

Pellets, liquid concentrate on grain,
grain bait

15-50 g/protected station at intervals of 2 - 3 m

Mice, voles

Meal, pellets, dust/powder, liquid
concentrate

1 or 2 blocks/station at intervals of 2 - 3 m

Mice, voles

Bait blocks

One 1 1,3 g packet/L of water in chick fountain or
shallow dish near feeding sites

Mice

Soluble granules

Pour 100 ml of solution into shallow dish near

Mice

Solution

feeding sites

Note: Balt station should be designed to keep bait dry, contained from windblow or animal scattering as well as safe from livestock,
birds and other non-targets.

: . -

15-20 g/burrow entrance Ground squirrel Pellets, liquid concentrate on grain,

15-20 g/burrow or 1 20 - 240 g/ac with tractor- Pocket gopher Pellets, grain bait

Number of applications:

Mice and voles: Brodifacoum and bromodialone: 1 usually effective. Can be re-applied after 1 week if
rodents still present. All other anticoagulants: maintain uninterrupted supply of bait until feeding and rodent
activity ceases.

7. Application Tips:

Bait station: Only place bait in areas accessible to target animals in secure bait stations that cannot be
overturned or broken into by children, pets, wild or domestic animals.

Burrows: Place ground squirrel bait far into each burrow opening with long spoon. This placement makes
the bait inaccessible to non-target animals. Ensure equipment used to apply pocket gopher bait is in good
repair and adjusted or calibrated properly before use. Monitor use closely.

8. How it Works:

Anticoagulant poisons: Interfere with clotting of blood and cause damage to tiny blood vessels. They
prevent formation of prothrombin by competition with vitamin K. Rate of blood clotting is gradually reduced
and the animal bleeds to death.

Calciferol: Mobilizes calcium and causes death from organ calcification and heart attack.
Sulfaquinoxaline: Is an antibacterial agent that increases the effectiveness of warfarin by inhibiting
intestinal bacteria that produce vitamin K.

10.

11.

Expected Results: Rodents usually begin to die 3 - 4 days after they ingest anticoagulants.

Effects of Rainfall: Can result in deterioration and molding of exposed bait. Extended rainfall will also
effect field rodent activities, reducing bait uptake.

Movement in Soil: None.

12.

Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: Do not use ground squirrel bait stations in areas accessible to livestock
or pets.

13.

Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD5Q (rats) brodifacoum = 0.27 mg/kg,
bromodialone = 1.12 mg/kg, chlorophacinone = 5.0 mg/kg, diphacinone = 2-3 mg/kg,
warfarin = 50 - 100 mg/kg. Potentially toxic to birds and other animals.

434

Anticoagulants (cont'd)

14. Precautions, First Aid: Label bait stations "Poison.” Wear gloves. Wash hands after use. Pick up and
dispose of dead rodents to prevent secondary poisoning of scavengers. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures (see page 32). If swallowed, seek medical
attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Pallor and weakness from blood loss, bloody nose and feces, internal bleeding,
swelling and discolouration from blood in tissue.

15. Storage: Store in locked room or container. Do not store with other pesticides or chemicals; rodents are very
taste and odor sensitive and will be repelled by contaminated bait. Keep bait in original container.

Acute Poisons

Bromethalin

Manufactures; PM Resources Inc. (Engage Agro Corporation}

1. Formulation: 0.01% Bromethalin, packaged in 30 x 14 g place packs.

2. Marketing Category: Commercial. For licensed pest control operators only.

3. Registered Uses: For use in and around homes, industrial and agricultural buildings and similar man-made
structures. Cannot be used in sewers. Bait must be placed in tamper-resistant bait stations (see label for
additional information) .

4. Animals Controlled: House mice, Norway rats, roof rats.

5. When Used: Begin placing bait stations as soon as the presence of rodents are noticed.

House mice: For the 14 gram size, apply 3 place packs per placement. Tamper-resistant bait stations
should be spaced at 2.4 - 3.7 meter intervals, in locations out of each of children, pets, domestic animals and
non-target wildlife. The number and locations of bait stations should be recorded.

Norway and roof rats: For the 14 gram size, apply 3-12 place packs per placement. Adjust the amount
applied to the level of rat feeding expected at each bait placement. Tamper-resistant bait stations should be
spaced at 6.0 to 9.0 meter intervals, in locations out of reach of children, pets, domestic animals and non-
target wildlife. The number and locations of bait stations should be recorded.

6. Application Tips: The bait is not to be placed outdoors, in areas near farm wells and water reservoirs or in
areas where there is a possibility of contaminating sources of drinking water. Place directly in tamper-
resistant bait stations; DO NOT open place packs. Highest bait consumption is expected to occur on the first
day or two after treatment. After several days, inspect the tamper-resistant bait stations and replenish bait at
sites where there is heavy feeding. Although one night’s feeding will usually provide a lethal dose, maintain
bait for at least a week to provide all rodents a chance to feed on the bait. Baiting should be continued until
all signs of feeding have ceased. Where a continuous source of infestation is present, establish permanent
bait stations and replenish bait as needed.

7. How it Works: Bromethalin acts as a neurotoxin in target rodents, controlling via the nervous system of rats
and mice. Bromethalin, with its unique mode of activity, also controls populations of rats and mice resistant
to anticoagulant-based baits.

8. Expected Results: Reduction in number of rodents. Poor results can occur in the following situations:

if directions for use are not followed, rates are reduced and bait is not replenished regularly in bait stations.

435

Rodenticides

Bromethalin (cont'd)

9. Effects of Rainfall: None, since bait is placed in tamper-resistant bait stations.

10. Movement in Soil: None, since bait is placed in tamper-resistant bait stations.

1 1 . Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: None, not for use in fields.

12. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 13 mg/kg. Toxic to humans, domestic
animals and non-target wildlife.

13. Precautions, First Aid: Wear gloves when setting or collecting bait packs. Do not enhance bait by adding
flavour or bait attractants.

If in eyes or on skin, flush eyes or skin with water and wash clothing. If swallowed, seek medical
, attention immediately, if breathing difficulty occurs or if irritation persists.

14. Storage and Disposal: Store in a cool, dry place away from other chemicals in a secure location inaccessible
to children and non-target animals.

Qu i n toj^Ra m page

[cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3j]

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Extruded pellets: 0.075%; 50 x 30 g place pack, 8 x 30 g boxes, 5.5 lb pail.

Treated seed: 0.075%; 10 g place packs, 5 lb pail.

2. Marketing Category; Domestic.

3. Registered Uses: Dwellings, farm buildings, field/forage crops, grainary bins (empty), pasture/range land,
processing plants (non-food), service establishments (non-food), storage areas (non-food).

4. Animals Controlled: Mice, pocket gophers, Richardson’s ground squirrels, voles (meadow mice).

5. When Used: Any time of year.

Number of applications: Maintain uninterrupted supply of bait until feeding ceases. If reinfestation
occurs, repeat treatment. If a continuous problem exists, establish permanent bait stations and replenish bait
as required.

Ground squirrel: Springtime, prior to vegetation re-growth, may provide best results. In dry years, baiting
may be successful throughout the summer and fall. Follow label instructions; re-bait open burrows next day.

Pocket gophers: Hand treatment - One application can be effective. Re-bait active burrow systems up to
14 days following the initial treatment. To locate tunnel, use a narrow gauge metal rod and probe at the
mound where the plug is located or probe in-line between two fresh dirt mounds. Introduce bait into tunnel
by removing clod of soil with a spade or garden trowel. Carefully seal entry point with dirt after bait is
placed. Use pocket gopher traps where poison has not removed gophers.

How to Apply: Place 1 bait pack at 2 - 3 m intervals in infested area or place up to 20 g in covered bait
stations at 2 - 3 m intervals in the problem area.

Application Tips: Remove alternative food sources, and reduce mouse shelter as much as possible prior to
bait use. Place bait where mice will find it, such as along walls, near gnawed openings, beside burrows or
generally where mice or their signs (i.e. droppings, tracks) are noticed. Protect bait from rain, snow or other
moisture. Replace old, stale bait. Keep fresh bait out until feeding ceases.

How it Works: Cholecalciferol mobilizes calcium from the bones of affected rodents into the bloodstream.
This action causes hypercalcemia and death from heart failure. Feeding stops once a lethal dose is consumed.
Less than 3 g of consumed bait is sufficient to kill a mouse.

436

Quintox/Rampage (cont'd)

9. Expected Results: A lethal dose can be consumed by a mouse in one feeding, but usually this dosage level
occurs after several smaller feedings over several days. Death results 2 - 4 days after a lethal dose is
consumed.

10. Effects of Rainfall: Rain, snow or other moisture will cause deterioration and molding of bait and will result
in poor bait acceptance by mice.

11. Movement in Soil: None.

12. Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: None. Not for outside use. Do not allow pets access to bait.

13. Toxicity: High mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) 100% concentration = 43.6 mg/kg. Low dermal
and oral toxicity for birds. No secondary hazards exist.

14. Precautions, First Aid: Label bait stations “Poison.” Wear gloves. Wash hands after use. Keep out of
reach of children, domestic animals and pets.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures (see page 32). If swallowed, seek medical
attention.

S5miptoms of poisoning: Hypercalcemia.

15. Storage: store under lock and key in original containers. Do not store with other pesticides or chemicals;
rodents are very odor and taste sensitive and will be repelled by contaminated bait.

Strychnine

DANGER POISON

1. Formulations: Pellet: 0.35%; 454 g jar, 2.27 kg bag, 18.2 kg bag. Grain: 0.40%; 4.5 kg bag, 25 kg bag.
Granular: 0.40%.

2. Marketing Category: Restricted. A record of the user’s name, address, land location and signature must be
kept by distributors.

3. Registered Uses: Field/forage crops, pasture/rangeland.

4. Animals Controlled: Ground squirrels and northern pocket gopher.

5. When Used: Springtime, prior to vegetation regrowth, may provide better results; late summer or early fall
for best results following harvest or heavy frost damage to vegetation.

Number of applications:

Ground squirrel: One application usually effective. Rebait active burrows a second time. Use traps or
pyrotechnics if second application fails, especially in small areas (i.e. <2 acres).

Pocket gopher: Hand treatment: one application often effective. Rebait active burrows up to 14 days
following initial treatment. If burrow builder is used, rebait active burrows by hand treatment at each active
burrow. Use pocket gopher traps where poison has not removed gophers.

Rate: Follow directions on label. For ground squirrel, place 5 mL of bait into each burrow entrance. For
pocket gopher, place 5 mL into tunnel near fresh dirt mounds or apply 0.12 - 0.24 kg/ac of bait with tractor-
drawn applicator.

6. Application Tips:

Ground squirrel: Place bait far into most active tunnel with long-handled spoon and cover burrow
entrance so as not to cover bait. Remove dead rodents to prevent poisoning of scavenging animals.

Pocket gopher: Use commercial hand probe or metal rod to locate tunnel. Begin probing in-line between
two fresh dirt mounds. Carefully seal entry point with dirt after bait is placed.

437

Rodenticides

Rodentlcides

Strychnine (cont'd)

7. How It Works: Enters bloodstream and interferes with the central nervous system. Symptoms appear within
5 - 30 minutes after ingestion. Convulsions lead to death from respiratory failure.

8. Expected Results: Reduction in rodent numbers in control area. Poor results may occur if directions
for use are not carefully followed or if poor quality, stale or contaminated bait is used. Store rodent baits
away from chemicals or other strong odours.

9. Effects of Rainfall: None if bait applied according to label instructions and bait placed well into the burrow.

10. Movement in Soil: None.

1 1 . Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: None if used according to label instructions and bait is not spilled
above ground. Precautionary measures should be taken to prevent non-target poisoning.

12. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral (rats) = 12 mg/kg. Lethal dose to man
30 - 60 mg/kg. Toxic to birds, cattle and other animals.

13. Precautions, First Aid: Wear gloves. Wash hands after use. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures (see page 32). If swallowed, seek medical
attention immediately.

Symptoms of poisoning: Frequent convulsions with intervals of quiescent periods. Body stiffens and
arches, breathing stops.

14. Storage: Keep bait sealed in containers they were purchased in. Do not re-package or distribute to other
containers. Keep under lock and key and in a warm, dry place. Do not freeze.

Zinc Phosphide

DANGER POISON

1 . Formulations: Extruded pellet, cracked bait: 2.0%; 1.36 kg bottle, 6 x 454 g pack, 20 kg bag, 22.7 kg bag.

2. Marketing Category: Commercial.

3. Registered Uses:

Ground squirrels, pocket gophers: Outside use only around farm buildings (ground squirrel only),
farmyards, field/forage crops, gardens, nurseries, pasture/rangeland, residential areas, turf.

Mice, voles: Outside use only around dwellings, farm buildings, farmyards, orchards, storage areas.

4. Animals Controlled: Ground squirrels, mice, pocket gophers, voles.

5. When Used:

Ground squirrels, pocket gophers: Springtime, prior to vegetation regrowth, may provide better
results; late summer to post-harvest for best control.

Mice, voles: Apply in orchards prior to snowfall and before leaf fall and lodging of grass. Use outdoors
within bait stations according to label and as necessary.

Number of applications:

Ground squirrels: One usually. Plug all burrows after treatment, rebait opened burrows next day.

Mice, voles: Outside, maintain uninterrupted supply until feeding ceases. Outside, re-apply after 2 weeks if
mice still present (i.e. droppings, chewing, etc.).

Pocket gophers: Re-apply after 10 days where rodents still active.

438

Zinc Phosphide (cont'd)

6. How to Apply:

With: Bait stations, burrow builder, cyclone seeder, hand baiting, tractor-drawn burrow applicator for
pocket gophers.

Rate:

Ground squirrels: Place 5 g far into each burrow with a spoon, or place continual supply in protected bait
station until rodents are controlled.

Mice, voles: Outside areas, place 5 g in protected bait stations every 2 - 4 m. Outdoor areas, apply with
cyclone spreader at 405 g - 1.6 kg/ac. Apply 15 g around trees. If hazard to other animals exists, place
15 g of bait in protected bait stations every 2 - 4 m.

Pocket gophers: 5 g of bait into burrow using commercial or home-made probe. Apply with burrow
builder at .3 - .6 kg of bait/hectare.

7. Application Tips:

Ground squirrel: Do not apply on bare ground. Never place bait in unprotected heaps or piles.

Pocket gopher: For hand baiting, treat near fresh soil mounds. Plug probe hole after appl5dng bait.

8. How it Works: On contact with dilute acids of the stomach, phosphine is released. Death results from
asphyxia.

9. Expected Results: Reduction or elimination of rodent population.

10. Effects of Rainfall: Exposed bait can become neutralized and ineffective within several days. Pellets should
be used to prevent rapid breakdown of toxicity.

11. Movement in Soil: None, breaks down rapidly to phosphine.

12. Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: Use in a manner to prevent access to livestock, pets and non-target
wildlife. Only use outside of buildings.

1 3. Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 27 mg/kg. Toxic to all birds and other
animals.

14. Precautions, First Aid: Wear gloves. Wash hands after use. Keep unused bait in original container. Keep
out of reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures (see page 32). If swallowed, seek medical
attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Nausea, vomiting (black vomitus with smell of phosphine), abdominal pain,
chest tightness, excitement and cold sensations.

15. Storage: Do not store with other chemicals or pesticides, as the bait will become contaminated. Store under
lock and key. Store bait in original container. Keep away from moisture.

439

Rodenticides

Fumigants

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Gaseous Oxides of Sulphur

(§)

DANGER POISON

Formulations: Granular solid within cardboard cylinder; major ingredients - sodium nitrate, charcoal,
sulphur (contains various components depending on manufacturer); 75 - 85 g/cylinder, 3 cylinder package.

Marketing Category: Domestic.

Registered Uses: Farmyards, field/forage crops, gardens, nurseries, orchards, outdoor living areas,
pasture/rangeland, turf.

Animals Controlled: Ground squirrels, pocket gophers, woodchucks.

When Used: Spring through fall when rodents are active and causing damage.

How to Apply: Place fuse in a sulphur oxide cartridge, light fuse and insert cartridge as far as possible into
rodent burrow. When cartridge begins to burn, plug burrow with soil to prevent smoke from escaping.

Rate: One cartridge/rodent burrow is usually sufficient.

Application Tips: During gasing operation, watch for smoke exiting nearby burrows and plug these also.
How it Works: As a cartridge ignites, smoke and toxic gases are produced and fill the rodents’ burrow.
Rodents breathe toxic fumes and are asphyxiated.

Expected Results: Asphixiation of rodents in treated burrows. Poor results may be expected if
cartridges are used to control pocket gophers and ground squirrels that have extensive burrow systems. All
areas of an extensive burrow system will not be penetrated by toxic gases from a cartridge. These areas
provide a retreat for inhabiting rodents. Rodents may also plug burrow runways to block off toxic fumes.

Effects of Rainfall: None.

Movement in Soil: None.

Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: None.

Toxicity: High acute mammalian toxicity in enclosed area. 1,000 mg/kg of carbon monoxide, a major
product of combustion, causes death.

Precautions, First Aid: Wear gloves. Avoid prolonged breathing of fumes. Do not use under wooden
buildings or flammable material. Keep out of reach of children.

If inhaled, remove victim to fresh air and keep him lying down. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial
respiration. Get medical attention promptly.

Symptoms of poisoning: Same as carbon monoxide. Tightness across forehead, headache, throbbing at
the temples, dizziness, weariness, nausea, vomiting, collapse and unconsiousness.

Storage: Store in cool, dry place as cartridges will absorb water. Keep under lock and key away from
combustion source.

(gas cartridges)

Manufacturer; Apache Seed Co./San

440

Repellents

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Ro-pel (denatonium benzoate)

Manufacturer: Sharp

Formulations: Liquid: 0.065%; 946 mL spray bottle, 3.78 L bottles, 18.9 L, 207.8 L drums.
Marketing Category: Commercial, domestic.

Registered Uses: Nursery stock, ornamentals.

Note: Never mix with other chemicals. Use full strength.

Animals Controlled: Beavers, ground squirrels, hares, mice, porcupines, rabbits, voles, woodchucks.

When Used: Spring to fall. Before damage is caused or to prevent further damage. A second application
may be necessary on new vegetation growth.

How to Apply: Apply to areas of damage or on areas normally damaged by rodents. Do not apply to
edible parts of trees or plants.

With: Brush or sprayer.

Rate: Generously apply to all surfaces to be protected until completely wet. Apply second coat for extra
protection.

Application Tips: Allow first treatment to dry before re-applying. Do not apply on windy or rainy days.
Application on dry surfaces is preferable. Although this product is not toxic to plants or trees, do not use on
diseased specimens.

How it Works: A taste repellant. Attempts by rodents to eat or chew on treated areas results in a bitter taste.
Expected Results: Prevention of rodent damage to treated areas of plants. Poor results may be
expected if plants improperly treated or improper amount applied.

Effects of Rainfall: Do not apply when raining or if rain is forecast. Rain will wash product from treated
areas.

Movement in Soil: None.

Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: Do not apply to edible parts of crops or plants, fruit or nuts.

Toxicity: Very low acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = >1,500 mg/kg. Non-toxic to plant and
animal life.

Precautions, First Aid: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, food and clothing. Wear impervious rubber gloves.
Wash hands after use. Do not smoke or eat while applying. Keep out of reach of children.

If in eyes, flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention. If on skin, wash
first with isoropyl or ethyl alcohol, then soap and water. If an irritation develops and persists, get medical
attention. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Unknown.

Storage: Store in cool, dry area under lock and key. Do not store near food, feed or fertilizers. Keep product
in original container.

441

Rodenticides

Thiram

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Manufacturer: Wilson Laboratories Inc.

WARNING POISON

Formulations: 120 g/L suspension; 12 X 500 mL bottle, 4 x 4 L case, 4 L container.

Marketing Category: Commercial, domestic.

Registered Uses: Fruit trees, nursery stock, orchards, woody ornamentals.

Note: Do not mix with other pesticides.

Animals Controlled: Hares, mice, rabbits, voles.

When Used:

Mice and voles: Coat the base of trees or shrubs thoroughly any time during the late fall.

Rabbits and hares: Before snowfall, treat areas of trees or shrubs accessible to rabbits or hares, even after
heavy snow accumulation. Apply at temperatures above 4°C.

How to Apply: Product can be sprayed or brushed on. In the case of planting stock, plants can be dipped.
With: Paint brush, sprayer.

Rate:

Brushing: Thoroughly apply undiluted product with paint brush on areas of potential or occuring damage.
Dipping: When planting, dip the tops of young trees or plants into undiluted product.

Spraying: Mix product with equal volume of water. Apply to point of runoff.

Application Tips: Use immediately after being mixed with water. Keep container tightly closed to prevent
evaporation.

How it Works: A taste repellant. Rodents are discouraged from feeding on vegetation treated with this
product.

Expected Results: Prevention of rodent damage to areas treated.

Effects of Rainfall: Heavy rains can wash part of the product off the treatment site. Do not apply if raining
or if threat of rain exists.

Movement in Soil: None.

Grazing and Cropping Restrictions: Do not apply to plant parts used for food or feed.

Toxicity: Moderate acute mammalian toxicity. Acute oral LD^^ (rats) = 780 - 865 mg/kg. Skin contact or
inhalation may cause irritation of the nose, throat or skin and may induce an allergic reaction.

Precautions, First Aid: Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash contaminated clothes with soap and water
before reuse. Do not consume alcohol immediately before or within 24 hours after use of Thiram. Avoid
breathing spray mist. Wash contaminated clothing with soap and water before wearing. Keep out of
reach of children.

If in eyes or on skin, use standard first aid measures (see page 32). If swallowed, seek medical
attention.

Symptoms of poisoning: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, hyperactivity and hypothermia.

Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place away from feeds and food. Store above 0°C.

442

Herbicide Seiector Chart - Cereais

American

Crop Nightshade Annual Smartweed Annual Sow-thistle Barnyard Grass

Barley

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Badge
Buctril M
Koril

Mecoprop

Mextrol

Pardner

Thumper

Achieve Liquid MCPA Amine’

Gold MCPA Ester’

Ally MCPA K-salt

Attain MCPA Na-salt

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II B Mixes Pardner

Buctril M Prestige

Caliber 400’ Prevail

Champion Extra Refine Extra

Champion Plus SEE 2,4-DB’

Cobutox 600’ SEE Diphenoprop

Crossfire SEE MCPA’

Curtail M Sencor

Dichlorprop-D Spectrum

DyVel Stampede EDF ft

DyVel DS Mixes

2,4-D Sword

Embutox 625’ Target

Estaprop Thumper

Hoe-Grass II Turboprop

Lorox Unity

Ally’ Glyphosate*

Attain’ (pre-harvest)

Clovitox Plus’ MCPA’

Crossfire’ Prestige

Curtail M Prevail

Dichlorprop-D Refine Extra’

DyVel’ SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel DS Spectrum

2,4-D’ Sword

Estaprop’ Target

Frontline Topside’

Tropotox Plus’
Turboprop’

Achieve Liquid
Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Champion Extra
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Linuron 480
Lorox

Puma ’2° Super
Rival 10G
Treflan QR5

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner
Thumper

Achieve Liquid Koril

Gold Laser DF^

Ally MCPA Amine’

Attain MCPA Ester’

Badge MCPA K-salt

Banvel II & Mixes MCPA Na-salt

Basagran^ Mextrol

Buctril M Pardner

Caliber 400’ Prestige^

Cobutox 600’ Prevail

Crossfire^ Refine Extra

Curtail M SEE 2,4-DB’

Dichlorprop-D SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel SEE MCPA’

DyVel DS Sencor

2,4-D Spectrum

Embutox 625’ Stampede EDF &

Estaprop Mixes

Frontline Sword

Frontline 2,4-D Target

Harmony Total Thumper

Hoe-Grass II Triumph Plus

K-2 Turboprop

Unity

Adrenalin (C) Harmony Total’

Ally’ K-2’

Attain’ Koril^

Badge’ MCPA’

Buctril M’ Mextrol’

Clovitox Plus’ Prestige^

Crossfire’’^ Prevail

Curtail M Refine Extra’

Dichlorprop-D SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel’ Spectrum

DyVel DS Sword

2,4-D’ Target

Estaprop’ Topside’

Frontline Tropotox Plus’

Frontline 2,4-D Turboprop’

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Achieve Liquid
Advance lOG
Bonanza
Heritage
(fallow year)
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Linuron 480
Lorox

Puma’^° Super
Sundance’

Oats

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge MCPA K-salt

Banvel II B Mixes MCPA Na-salt

Buctril M Mextrol

Caliber 400’ Refine Extra

Clovitox Plus SEE 2,4-DB’

Cobutox 600’ SEE MCPA’

Curtail M Spectrum

DyVel Stampede EDF B

Embutox 625’ Mixes

Frontline Sword

Koril Target

MCPA Amine’ Topside

MCPA Ester’ Tropotox Plus

Clovitox Plus’ MCPA’

Curtail M Refine Extra’

DyVel’ Spectrum

DyVel DS Sword

Frontline Target

Glyphosate* Topside’

(pre-harvest) Tropotox Plus’

Linuron 480
Lorox

Fall Rye
(spring
application)

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge MCPA K-salt

Buctril M MCPA Na-salt

2,4-D Mextrol

Koril Pardner

MCPA Amine’ SEE MCPA’

MCPA Ester’

Clovitox Plus’ Topside’

2,4-D’ Tropotox Plus’

MCPA’

Achieve Liquid
Hoe-Grass 284

Triticale

Koril

Pardner

Hoe-Grass II Pardner

Koril

Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284

’ Suppression only See page 42 for resistance information

^ All spring wheat except durum 5 jpp g^wth control

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

443

Cereals

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Black Common Common

Crop Nightshade Bluebur Canada Thistle Cleavers Chickweed^ Groundsel

Barley

Badge
Buctril M
Koril

Mecoprop

Mextrol

Pardner

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Ally
Attain
Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

Dichlorprop-D

Estaprop

MCPA

Mextrol

SEE Diphenoprop
Stampede EDF &
Mixes
Thumper
Turboprop

Achieve Liquid Express Pack®

Gold Frontline'

Ally’ Glyphosate*

Attain’ (pre-harvest)

Badge’ Lontrel

Banvel II B Mixes MCPA’

Buctril M’ Mecoprop’

Caliber 400’ Mextrol’

Clovitox Plus’ Prevail

Cobutox 600’ Refine Extra®

Compitox’ SEE 2,4-DB’

Crossfire® SEE Diphenoprop’

Curtail M Spectrum

Dichlorprop-D Sword’

DyVel’ Target’

DyVel DS’ Topside’

2,4-D’ Tropotox Plus’

Embutox 625’ Turboprop’

Estaprop’

Attain
Banvel II’
Compitox
DyVel’

DyVel DS’

Frontline

Mecoprop

Prestige

Refine Extra’

Spectrum

Sword

Target

Unity

Advance 1 OG

Ally

Attain’

Bonanza
Champion Extra
Champion Plus
Compitox
Crossfire
Linuron 480
Lorox
Mecoprop
Refine Extra
Rival 10G
Sencor
Spectrum
Stampede EDF B
Refine Extra
Treflan QR5
Unity

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Ally
Badge
Buctril M
Champion Extra
Curtail M
Hoe-Grass II
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner
Prestige
Prevail
Refine Extra
Sencor
Thumper

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Achieve Liquid
Gold

Adrenalin (C)

Ally

Attain

Badge

Buctril M

2,4-D

Dichlorprop-D

Estaprop

MCPA

Mextrol

SEE Diphenoprop
Stampede EDF B
Mixes
Thumper
Turboprop

Achieve Liquid Frontline’

Gold Glyphosate*

Adrenalin® (C) (pre-harvest)

Ally’ Horizon’

Attain’ K-2’

Badge’ Lontrel

Banvel 11’ B Mixes MCPA’

Buctril M’ Mecoprop’

Caliber 400’ Mextrol’

Clovitox Plus’ Prevail

Cobutox 600’ Refine Extra®

Compitox’ SEE 2,4-DB’

Crossfire®'^ SEE Diphenoprop’

Curtail M Spectrum

Dichlorprop-D Sword’

DyVel’ Target’

DyVel DS’ Topside’

2,4-D’ Triumph Plus’

Embutox 625’ Tropotox Plus’

Estaprop’ Turboprop’

Express Pack®

Adrenalin’ (C)

Attain

Banvel II’

Basagran^

Compitox

DyVel’

DyVel DS’
Frontline
Frontline
2,4-D
K-2’

Mecoprop

Prestige^

Refine Extra’

Spectrum

Sundance

Sword

Target

Unity

Adrenalin’ (C)

Ally

Attain’

Basagran^
Compitox
Crossfire^
Frontline 2,4-D
Harmony Total
K-2

Linuron 480
Lorox
Mecoprop
Refine Extra
Sencor
Spectrum
Stampede EDF B
Refine Extra
Sundance
Triumph Plus^
Unity

Achieve Liquid
Gold

Adrenalin’ (C)

Ally

Badge

Basagran^

Buctril M

Curtail M

Hoe-Grass II

K-2

Koril

Mextrol

Pardner

Prestige^

Prevail

Refine Extra

Sencor

Thumper

Oats

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge
Buctril M
MCPA
Mextrol

Stampede EDF B
Mixes

Badge’ Lontrel

Banvel II’ B Mixes MCPA’

Buctril M’ Mecoprop’

Caliber 400’ Mextrol’

Clovitox Plus’ Refine Extra®

Cobutox 600’ SEE 2,4-DB’

Compitox’ Spectrum

DyVel’ Sword’

Embutox 625’ Target’

Frontline’ Topside’

Glyphosate* Tropotox Plus’

(pre-harvest)

Banvel II’

Compitox

DyVel’

Frontline

Mecoprop

Mecoturf

Refine Extra’

Spectrum

Sword

Target

Compitox
Linuron 480
Lorox
Mecoprop
Refine Extra
Spectrum
Stampede EDF B
Refine Extra

Badge
Buctril M
Curtail M
Mextrol
Pardner

Fall Rye
(spring
applicationi

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D
MCPA
Mextrol

Badge’ MCPA’

Buctril M’ Mextrol’

Clovitox Plus’ Topside’

2,4-D’ Tropotox Plus’

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner

Triticale

Koril

Pardner

Hoe-Grass II
Pardner

^ Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

444

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Creeping Field Field

Crop Corn Spurry Cow Cockle Buttercup Dandelion Bindweed Horsetail

Barley

Ally

Banvel II h Mixes

Champion Extra

Champion Plus

Compitox

Crossfire

DyVel

DyVel DS

Mecoprop

Refine Extra

Sencor

Sword

Target

Achieve Liquid Frontline®

Gold Hoe-Grass II

Advance 10G Kohl

Ally Mextrol

Badge Pardner

Banvel II & Mixes Refine Extra
Bonanza Rival 10G

Buctril M Sword

Champion Extra Target

Champion Plus Thumper

DyVel Treflan QR5

DyVel DS Unity

Express Pack

Clovitox Plus’

Compitox

2,4-D'

Mecoprop

Topside’

Tropotox Plus’

Attain

Cobutox 600’
Caliber 400’
Curtail M
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA K-salt
Prestige
Prevail
SEE 2,4-DB’
SEE MCPA'
Spectrum®

Attain’

Caliber 400’
Cobutox 600’
2,4-D’

Clovitox Plus’
DyVel DS’
Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Attain®

Caliber 400’
Champion Plus®
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600’
2,4-D'

Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB’
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Ally

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran^
Compitox
Crossfire^

DyVel
DyVel DS
Harmony Total
K-2

Linuron 480

Lorox

Mecoprop

Refine Extra

Sencor

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus^

Achieve Liquid Harmony Total

Gold Heritage

Adrenalin (C) (fallow year)

Advance 1 0G Hoe-Grass II

(fallow year) K-2

Ally Kohl

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner
Bonanza Refine Extra

Buctril M Sword

DyVel Target

DyVel DS Thumper

Express Pack Triumph Plus^

Frontline® Unity

Adrenalin® (C)
Basagran^
Clovitox Plus’
Compitox
2,4-D’
Mecoprop
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Adrenalin’ (C)
Attain

Caliber 400’
Cobutox 600’
Curtail M®
Frontline 2,4-D’ ®
Embutox 625’
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA K-salt
Prestige^

Prevail
SEE 2,4-DB’

SEE MCPA’
Spectrum®
Sundance’

Adrenalin® (C)
Attain’

Caliber 400’
Clovitox Plus’
Cobutox 600’
2,4-D’

DyVel DS’
Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB
Sword'

Target’
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Attain®

Caliber 400’
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600’
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB’
Topside

Triumph Plus’'^
Tropotox Plus

Oats

Banvel II & Mixes

Compitox

DyVel

Linuron 480

Lorox

Mecoprop

Refine Extra

Reglone

Sword

Target

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner
Buctril M Refine Extra

DyVel Sword

Frontline® Target

Koril

Clovitox Plus’
Compitox
Mecoprop
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Caliber 400’
Cobutox 600’
Curtail M
Embutox 625’
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA K-salt
SEE 2,4-DB’
SEE MCPA’
Spectrum

Caliber 400’
Clovitox Plus’
Cobutox 600’
Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB
Sword’

Target’
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Caliber’
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600’
Embutox 625’
MCPA’

SEE 2,4-DB’
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Fall Rye
(spring
application)

MCPA K-salt

Badge Mextrol

Buctril M Pardner

Koril

Clovitox Plus’
2,4-D’

Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA K-salt
SEE MCPA’

Clovitox Plus’
2,4-D’

MCPA’
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Clovitox Plus
2,4-D’

MCPA’
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II Pardner

Koril

^ Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)
^ See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control
® Spring rosettes only

445

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Foxtail Hairy

Crop Flixweed Barley Green Foxtail'* Nightshade Hemp-nettle Knawel

Barley

Achieve Liquid Frontline

Gold MCPA

Ally Mextrol

Attain Prestige

Badge Prevail

Banvel II & Mixes SEE Diphenoprop
Buctril M Sencor

Champion Extra Spectrum

Champion Plus Stampede EOF &

Curtail M Mixes

Dichlorprop-D Sword

DyVel Target

DyVel DS Thumper

2,4-D Turboprop

Estaprop Unity

Express Pack

Achieve Liquid
Achieve Liquid
Gold

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Champion Extra
Champion Plus
Fortress
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Prevail

Puma Super
Rival 500
Stampede EDF
Treflan

Badge
Buctril M
Koril

Mecoprop

Mextrol

Ally

Attain'

Banvel II & Mixes
Champion Extra
Champion Plus
Clovitox Plus'
Crossfire
DyVel
Frontline
MCPA'

Refine Extra

Sencor

Spectrum

Sword

Target

Topside'

Tropotox Plus'
Unity

Hoe-Grass II

Koril

Pardner

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Achieve Liquid Frontline 2,4-D

Gold K-2

Adrenalin (C) MCPA

Ally Mextrol

Attain Prestige^

Badge SEE Diphenoprop

Banvel II & Mixes Sencor
Buctril M Spectrum

Curtail M Stampede EDF &

2,4-D Mixes

Dichlorprop-D Sword

DyVel Target

DyVel DS Thumper

Estaprop Triumph Plus^

Express Pack Turboprop

Frontline Unity

Sundance

Achieve Liquid
Achieve Liquid
Gold

Adrenalin (C)

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Everest

Fortress

Heritage

Hoe-Grass II

Hoe-Grass 284

Horizon

Horizon BTM

K-2®

Prevail

Puma '2® Super
Rival 500
Stampede EDF
Sundance'
Treflan

Triumph Plus^

Badge
Basagran^
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol

Ally

Attain'

Banvel II & Mixes
Clovitox Plus'
Crossfire^

DyVel
Frontline
Frontline 2,4-D
Harmony Total
K-2

MCPA'

Refine Extra

Sencor

Spectrum

Sword

Target

Topside'

Triumph Plus^
Tropotox Plus'
Unity

Hoe-Grass II

Koril

Pardner

Oats

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes Spectrum

Buctril M Stampede EDF &

Curtail M Mixes

DyVel Sword

Frontline Target

MCPA

Stampede EDF

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes
Clovitox Plus
DyVel
Frontline
MCPA'

Refine Extra
Spectrum
Target
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Koril

Pardner

Fall Rye
(spring
application)

Badge MCPA

Buctril M Mextrol

2,4-D

Achieve Liquid
Achieve Liquid
Gold

Hoe-Grass 284

Badge
Buctril M
Koril
Mextrol

Clovitox Pus
MCPA'
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Koril

Pardner

Triticale

Achieve Liquid
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284

Koril

Hoe-Grass II
Pardner

' Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)
See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control

® Including Group 1 and Group 3 resistant green foxtail

446

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Crop

Knotweed

Kochia^

Lamb's-quarters

Leafy Spurge

Barley

Advance 1 0G

Achieve Liquid

MCPA Amine

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass II

Attain’

Bonanza

Gold

MCPA Ester

Gold

Kohl

2,4-D’

DyVel DS

Ally

MCPA K-salt

Advance 10G

Linuron 480

MCPA’

Rival 10G

Attain

Mextrol

Ally’

Lorox

Sword

Badge

Pardner

Attain

MCPA

Target

Banvel II & Mixes

Prestige

Badge

Mextrol

Treflan

Buctril M

Prevail

Banvel II b Mixes

Pardner

Champion Extra

Refine Extra

Bonanza

Prestige

Champion Plus

SEE Diphenoprop

Buctril M

Prevail

Curtail M’

SEE MCPA

Caliber 400

Refine Extra

2,4-D

Stampede EDF &

Champion Extra

Rival lOG

Diehl orprop-D

Mixes

Champion Plus

SEE 2,4-DB

DyVel

Sword

Clovitox Plus

SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel DS

Target

Cobutox 600

Sencor

Estaprop

Thumper

Crossfire

Spectrum

Express Pack

Turboprop

Curtail M

Stampede EDF & Mixes

Hoe-Grass II

Unity

2,4-D

Sword

Kohl

Dichlorprop-D

Target

DyVel

Thumper

DyVel DS

Topside

Embutox 625

Tropotox Plus

Estaprop

Treflan OR 5

Express Pack

Turboprop

Frontline

Unity

Wheat

Adrenalin' (C)

Achieve Liquid

MCPA Amine

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass II

Adrenalin’ (C)

(C-

CLEARFIELD

DyVel DS

Gold

MCPA Ester

Gold

K-2

Attain’

Sword

Ally

MCPA K-salt

Adrenalin (C)

Koril

2,4-D’

Target

Attain

Mextrol

Ally’

Linuron 480

MCPA’

wheat)

Badge

Pardner

Attain

Lorox

Banvel II & Mixes

Prestige^

Badge

MCPA

Buctril M

Prevail

Banvel II & Mixes

Mextrol

Curtail M'

Refine Extra

Basagran^

Pardner

2,4-D

SEE Diphenoprop

Buctril M

Prestige^

Dichlorprop-D

SEE MCPA

Caliber 400

Prevail

DyVel

Stampede EDF &

Clovitox Plus

Refine Extra

DyVel DS

Mixes

Cobutox 600

Rival 10G (fallow year)

Estaprop

Sword

Crossfire^

SEE 2,4-DB

Express Pack

Target

Curtail M

SEE Diphenoprop 600

Frontline 2,4-D

Thumper

2,4-D

Sencor

Harmony Total

Triumph Plus^

Dichlorprop-D

Spectrum

Hoe-Grass II

Turboprop

DyVel

Stampede EDF & Mixes

K-2

Unity

DyVel DS

Sword

Kohl

Frontline

Target

Frontline 2,4-D

Thumper

Embutox 625

Topside

Estaprop

Triumph Plus^

Express Pack

Tropotox Plus

Harmony Total

Turboprop

Heritage

Unity

Oats

Sword

Badge

Mextrol

Badge

MCPA

MCPA’

Target

Banvel II & Mixes

Pardner

Banvel II & Mixes

Mextrol

Buctril M

Refine Extra

Buctril M

Pardner

Curtail M'

SEE MCPA

Caliber 400

Refine Extra

DyVel

Stampede EDF &

Clovitox Plus

SEE 2,4-DB

Kohl

Mixes

Cobutox 600

Spectrum

MCPA Amine

Sword

Curtail M

Stampede EDF & Mixes

MCPA Ester

Target

DyVel

Sword

MCPA K-salt

Embutox 625

Target

Frontline

Topside

Linuron 480
Lorox

Tropotox Plus

Fall Rye

Badge

MCPA Ester

Badge

Mextrol

2,4-D'

(spring

Buctril M

MCPA K-salt

Buctril M

Pardner

MCPA’

application)

2,4-D

Mextrol

Clovitox Plus

Topside

Kohl

Pardner

2,4-D

Tropotox Plus

MCPA Amine

SEE MCPA

MCPA

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II

Pardner

’ Suppression only See page 42 for resistance information

^ All spring wheat except durum ^ Top growth control

3 All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

447

Cereals

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Narrow-leaved Night-flowering Persian Prostrate

Crop Hawk's-beard Catchfly Perennial Sow-thistle Darnel Pigweed

Barley

Caliber 400
Champion Extra
Cobutox 600
2,4-D'

Embutox 625
Express Pack
Refine Extra
SEE 2,4-DB
Stampede EDF &
Mixes

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Badge
Buctril M
Dichlorprop-D
Estaprop
Hoe-Grass II
Mextrol
Pardner

SEE Diphenoprop

Sencor

Sword

Target

Turboprop

Achieve Liquid Glyphosate*

Gold' (pre-harvest)

Ally' Lontrel'

Attain' MCPA'

Badge' Mextrol'

Banvel II' & Mixes Prestige

Buctril M' Prevail

Caliber 400' Refine Extra'

Clovitox Plus' SEE 2,4-DB'

Cobutox 600' SEE Diphenoprop

Curtail M Spectrum

Dichlorprop-D Sword

DyVel' Target

2,4-D' Topside'

Embutox 625' Tropotox Plus'

Estaprop' Turboprop'

Frontline

Achieve Liquid
Achieve Liquid
Gold

Advance 10G
Bonanza
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Prevail
Rival 10G
Treflan OR 5

Advance 1 0G
Ally

Banvel II & Mixes

Bonanza

2,4-D

DyVel

DyVel DS

MCPA K-salt

Rival 10G

Sword

Target

Treflan QR5

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Ally

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
2,4-D'

Embutox 625
Express Pack
K-2

Refine Extra
SEE 2,4-DB
Stampede EDF &
Mixes

Achieve Liquid
Gold
Badge
Buctril M
Dichlorprop-D
Estaprop
Hoe-Grass II
Mextrol
Sencor

SEE Diphenoprop
Sword
Target
Turboprop

Achieve Liquid Harmony Total'

Gold' Horizon'

Adrenalin^ (C) K-2'

Ally' Koril ^

Attain' Lontrel'

Badge' MCPA'

Banvel II' & Mixes Mextrol'

Buctril M' Prestige^

Caliber 400' Prevail

Clovitox Plus' Refine Extra'

Cobutox 600' SEE 2,-4DB'

Curtail M SEE Diphenoprop

Dichlorprop-D Spectrum

DyVel' Sundance'

2,4-D' Sword

Embutox 625' Target

Estaprop' Topside'

Frontline Tropotox Plus'

Frontline 2,4-D^ Turboprop'

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Achieve Liquid
Achieve Liquid
Gold

Advance 10G
(fallow year)
Heritage
(fallow year)
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Prevail

Adrenalin' (C)

Ally

Banvel II & Mixes

2,4-D

DyVel

DyVel DS

MCPA K-salt

Sword

Target

Oats

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Stampede EDF &
Mixes

Badge

Buctril M

Koril

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Badge' Lontrel'

Banvel II' & Mixes MCPA'

Buctril M' Mextrol'

Caliber 400' Refine Extra'

Clovitox Plus' SEE 2,4-DB'

Cobutox 600' Spectrum

Curtail M Sword

DyVel' Target

Embutox 625' Topside'

Frontline Tropotox Plus'

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Banvel II & Mixes
DyVel

MCPA K-salt

Sword

Target

Fall Rye
(spring
application)

2,4-D'

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge' MCPA K-salt

Buctril M' Mextrol'

Clovitox Plus' Topside'

2,4-D' Tropotox Plus'

MCPA'

Achieve Liquid
Hoe-Grass 284

2,4-D

MCPA K-salt

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II

Achieve Liquid
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284

' Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

^ See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control

® Including CLEARFIELD canola when applied with 2,4-D Amine

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

448

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Crop

Quack Grass

Ragweed

Redroot Pigweed

Barley

Glyphosate*

Achieve Liquid

Embutox 625

Achieve Liquid

DyVel DS

Rival 10G

(pre-harvest)

Gold

Estaprop

Gold

Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB

Attain

Koril

Advance 1 0G

Estaprop

SEE Diphenoprop

Badge

MCPA

Ally

Express Pack

SEE MCPA'

Banvel II b Mixes

Mextrol

Attain

Frontline

Sencor

Buctril M

Pardner

Badge

Hoe-Grass II

Spectrum

Caliber 400

SEE 2,4-DB

Banvel II & Mixes

Koril

Stampede EDF

Clovitox Plus

SEE Diphenoprop

Buctril M

MCPA Amine

Sword

Cobutox 600

Sword

Caliber 400

MCPA Ester'

Target

Champion Plus

Target

Champion Extra

MCPA K-salt

Thumper

2,4-D

Thumper

Champion Plus

MCPA Na-salt

Topside

Dichlorprop-D

Topside

Clovitox Pius

Mextrol

Treflan OR 5

DyVel

Tropotox Plus

Cobutox 600

Pardner

Trifluralin 10G

DyVel DS

Turboprop

Curtail M

Prestige

Tropotox Plus

2,4-D

Prevail

Turboprop

Dichlorprop-D

DyVel

Refine Extra

Unity

Wheat

Sundance'

Achieve Liquid

Frontline 2,4-D

Achieve Liquid

Embutox 625

Prevail

(C-

CLEARFIELD

Glyphosate*

Gold

K-2

Gold

Estaprop

Refine Extra

(pre-harvest)

Adrenalin (C)

Koril

Adrenalin (C)

Express Pack

SEE 2,4-DB

Attain

Laser DF^

Advance 1 0G

Frontline

SEE Diphenoprop

wheat)

Badge

Linuron 480

(fallow year)

Frontline 2,4-D

SEE MCPA'

Banvel II & Mixes

Mextrol

Ally

Harmony Total

Sencor

Basagran^

Pardner

Attain

Heritage

Spectrum

Buctril M

SEE 2,4-DB

Badge

(fallow year)

Stampede EDF

Caliber 400

SEE Diphenoprop

Banvel II & Mixes

K-2

Sundance

Clovitox Plus

Sword

Buctril M

Koril

Sword

Cobutox 600

Target

Caliber 400

Laser DF^

Target

Dichlorprop-D

Thumper

Clovitox Plus

MCPA Amine

Thumper

DyVel

Topside

Cobutox 600

MCPA Ester'

Topside

DyVel DS

Triumph Plus^

Curtail M

MCPA K-salt

Triumph Plus^

2,4-D

Tropotox Plus

2,4-D

MCPA Na-salt

Tropotox Plus

Embutox 625

Turboprop

Dichlorprop-D

Mextrol

Turboprop

Estaprop

DyVel

Pardner

Unity

DyVel DS

Prestige^

Oats

Glyphosate*

Badge

Koril

Badge

Frontline

SEE 2,4-DB

(pre-harvest)

Banvel II & Mixes

MCPA

Banvel II & Mixes

Koril

SEE MCPA'

Buctril M

Mextrol

Buctril M

MCPA Amine

Spectrum

Caliber 400

Pardner

Caliber 400

MCPA Ester'

Stampede EDF

Clovitox Plus

Sword

Clovitox Plus

MCPA K-salt

Sword

Cobutox 600

Target

Cobutox 600

MCPA Na-salt

Target

DyVel

Topside

Curtail M

Mextrol

Topside

Embutox 625

Tropotox Plus

DyVel

Pardner

Tropotox Plus

Embutox 625

Refine Extra

Fall Rye

Clovitox Plus

Pardner

Badge

MCPA Ester'

Pardner

(spring

2,4-D

Topside

Buctril M

MCPA K-salt

SEE MCPA

application)

Koril

Tropotox Plus

Clovitox Plus

MCPA Na-salt

Topside

MCPA

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

Mextrol

Tropotox Plus

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II
Pardner

' Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

See page 42 for resistance information
^ Top growth control

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

449

SIB9J

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Russian

Scentless

Crop

Pigweed

Russian Thistle'*

Chamomile

Shepherd's-purse

Barley

Banvel II & Mixes

Achieve Liquid

Estaprop

Achieve Liquid

Express Pack

Champion Plus

Gold

Express Pack

Gold

Frontline

Curtail M

Ally!

Hoe-Grass II

Ally

MCPA

2,4-D

Attain

Koril

Badge

Attain

Mextrol

Dichlorprop-D

Badge

Mextrol

Buctril M

Badge

Prestige

DyVel

Banvel II & Mixes

Pardner

Curtail M

Banvel II ft Mixes

Prevail

Estaprop

Bonanza

Refine Extra

Hoe-Grass II

Buctril M

Refine Extra

Express Pack

Buctril M

Rival 10G

Lontrel

Caliber 400

SEE 2,4-DB

MCPA

Champion Extra

SEE Diphenoprop

Mextrol

Champion Extra

SEE Diphenoprop

Prestige

Champion Plus

Sencor

Prestige

Champion Plus

Spectrum

Prevail

2,4-D

Sword

Prevail

Clovitox Plus

Stampede EDF &

Refine Extra

Dichlorprop-D

Target

Refine Extra

Cobutox 600

Mixes

SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel

Thumper

Curtail M

Sword

Stampede EDF &

DyVel DS

Turboprop

Dichlorprop-D

Target

Mixes

DyVel

Thumper

Turboprop

DyVel DS

Topside

2,4-D

Tropotox Plus

Embutox 625

Turboprop

Estaprop

Unity

Wheat

Adrenalin (C)

Achieve Liquid

Frontline 2,4-D

Achieve Liquid

Harmony Total

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Banvel II & Mixes

Gold

Harmony Total

Gold

K-2

Curtail M

Adrenalin (C)

Heritage

Ally

Adrenalin (C)

MCPA

2,4-D

Advance 10G

(fallow year)

Badge

Ally

Mextrol

Dichlorprop-D

(fallow year)

Hoe-Grass II

Buctril M

Attain

Prestige^

DyVel

Ally’

K-2

Curtail M

Badge

Prevail

Estaprop

Attain

Koril

Hoe-Grass II

Banvel II ft Mixes

Refine Extra

Express Pack

Badge

Mextrol

K-2’

Basagran^

SEE 2,4-DB

K-2

Banvel II & Mixes

Pardner

Lontrel

Buctril M

SEE Diphenoprop

MCPA

Basagran^

Refine Extra

Mextrol

Caliber 400

Sencor

Prestige

Buctril M

SEE Diphenoprop

Prestige^

Clovitox Plus

Spectrum

Prevail

2,4-D

Sencor

Prevail

Cobutox 600

Stampede EDF &

Refine Extra

Dichlorprop-D

Sword

Refine Extra

Curtail M

Mixes

SEE Diphenoprop

DyVel

Target

2,4-D

Sword

Stampede EDF &

DyVel DS

Thumper

Dichlorprop-D

Target

Mixes

Estaprop

Triumph Plus^

DyVel

Thumper

Triumph Plus^

Express Pack

Turboprop

DyVel DS

Topside

Turboprop

Embutox 625

Triumph Plus^

Estaprop

Tropotox Plus

Express Pack

Turboprop

Frontline
Frontline 2,4-D

Unity

Oats

Banvel II it Mixes

Badge

Pardner

Badge

Mextrol

Curtail M

Buctril M

Refine

Buctril M

Banvel II & Mixes

Refine Extra

DyVel

Sword

Curtail M

Buctril M

SEE 2,4-DB

MCPA

Koril

Target

Lontrel

Caliber 400

Spectrum

Refine Extra

Mextrol

Clovitox Plus

Stampede EDF &

Stampede EDF ft

Refine Extra

Cobutox 600

Mixes

Curtail M

Sword

DyVel

Target

Embutox 625

Topside

MCPA

Tropotox Plus

Fall Rye

2,4-D

Badge

Koril

Badge

MCPA

(spring

MCPA

Buctril M

Mextrol

Buctril M

Mextrol

application)

2,4-D

Pardner

Mextrol

Clovitox Plus

Topside

2,4-D

Tropotox Plus

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II
Koril

Pardner

Hoe-Grass II

' Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)
See page 42 for resistance information
^ Top growth control

450

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Tall

Crop Stinkweed Stork's-bill Buttercup Tartary Buckwheat

Barley

Achieve Liquid Frontline

Gold Hoe-Grass II

Ally Linuron 480

Assert Lorox

Attain MCPA

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner

Buctril M Prestige

Caliber 400 Prevail

Champion Extra Refine Extra

Champion Plus SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus Sencor

Cobutox 600 Spectrum

Crossfire Stampede EOF &

Curtail M Mixes

2,4-D Sword

Dichlorprop-D Target

DyVel Thumper

DyVel DS Topside

Embutox 625 Tropotox Plus

Estaprop Turboprop

Express Pack Unity

Ally

Attain

Dichlorprop-D
Estaprop
Frontline'
Prestige
Refine Extra'

SEE Diphenoprop

Spectrum

Turboprop

Clovitox Plus'
Compitox
MCPA Na-salt
Mecoprop
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Achieve Liquid Hoe-Grass II

Gold Koril

Ally MCPA'

Assert' Mextrol

Attain Pardner

Badge Prestige

Banvel II B Mixes Prevail

Buctril M Refine Extra

Champion Extra SEE Diphenoprop

Crossfire Sencor

Curtail M Stampede EDF &

2,4-D' Mixes

Dichlorprop-D Sword

DyVel Target

DyVel DS Thumper

Estaprop Turboprop

Wheat

(C-

CLEARFIELD

wheat)

Achieve Liquid Hoe-Grass II

Gold K-2

Adrenalin (C) Linuron 480

Ally Lorox

Assert MCPA

Attain Mextrol

Badge Pardner

Banvel II & Mixes Prestige^

Basagran^ Prevail

Buctril M Refine Extra

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus Sencor

Cobutox 600 Spectrum

Crossfire^ Stampede EDF &

Curtail M Mixes

2,4-D Sundance

Dichlorprop-D Sword

DyVel Target

DyVel DS Thumper

Embutox 625 Topside

Estaprop Triumph Plus^

Express Pack Tropotox Plus

Frontline Turboprop

Frontline 2,4-D Unity

Harmony Total

Ally

Attain

Basagran^

Dichlorprop-D

Estaprop

Frontline'

Frontline 2,4-D

K-2'

Prestige
Refine Extra'

SEE Diphenoprop

Spectrum

Turboprop

Adrenalin^ (C)
Basagran^
Clovitox Plus'
Compitox
MCPA Na-salt
Mecoprop
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Achieve Liquid Harmony Total

Gold Hoe-Grass II

Adrenalin^ (C) Koril

Ally MCPA'

Assert' Mextrol

Attain Pardner

Badge Prestige^

Banvel II & Mixes Prevail

Buctril M Refine Extra

Crossfire^ SEE Diphenoprop

Curtail M Sencor

2,4-D' Stampede EDF &

Dichlorprop-D Mixes

DyVel Sword

DyVel DS Target

Estaprop Thumper

Frontline 2,4-D Turboprop

Oats

Badge Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner

Buctril M Refine Extra

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus Spectrum

Cobutox 600 Stampede EDF &

Curtail M Mixes

DyVel Sword

Embutox 625 Target

Frontline Topside

Linuron 480 Triumph

Lorox Tropotox Plus

MCPA

Frontline'
Refine Extra'
Spectrum

Clovitox Plus'
Compitox
MCPA Na-salt
Mecoprop
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Badge Pardner

Banvel II & Mixes Refine Extra

Buctril M Stampede EDF &

Curtail M Mixes

DyVel Sword

MCPA' Target

Mextrol

Fall Rye
(spring
application)

Badge MCPA

Buctril M Mextrol

Clovitox Plus Pardner

2,4-D Topside

Koril Tropotox Plus

Clovitox Plus'
MCPA Na-salt
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Badge MCPA'

Buctril M Mextrol

2,4-D' Pardner

Koril

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II Pardner

Koril

Hoe-Grass II
Pardner

^ Suppression only See page 42 for resistance information

^ All spring wheat except durum ^ Top growth control

3 All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

451

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Crop

Toadflax

Volunteer - Canola, Mustard, Rapeseed

Volunteer Oats'*

Barley

Allyi

Achieve Liquid

2,4-D

Refine Extra

Achieve Liquid

Champion Plus

Estaprop’

Gold

Dichlorprop-D

SEE 2,4-DB

Achieve Liquid

Fortress

Glyphosate*

Ally

DyVel

SEE Diphenoprop

Gold

Hoe-Grass II

(pre-harvest)

Assert

DyVel DS

Sencor

Advance lOG

Hoe-Grass 284

Refine Extra^

Attain

Embutox 625

Spectrum (all canola)

Assert

Prevail

SEE Diphenoprop'

Badge

Estaprop

Stampede EDF &

Avadex BW

Puma ™ Super

Turboprop'

Banvel II & Mixes

Express Pack

Mixes

Avenge

Rival lOG

Buctril M

Frontline (all canola)

Sword

Bonanza

Treflan OR 5

Caliber 400

Hoe-Grass II

Target

Champion Extra

Koril

Thumper

Champion Plus

MCPA

Topside

Clovitox Plus

Mextrol

Tropotox Plus

Cobutox 600

Pardner

Turboprop

Crossfire

Prestige

Unity

Curtail M

Prevail

Wheat

Ally'

Achieve Liquid

DyVel

Refine Extra

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass II

Estaprop'

Gold

DyVel DS

SEE 2,4-DB

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass 284

(t -

n CADcici n

Glyphosate*

Adrenalin' (C)

Embutox 625

SEE Diphenoprop

Gold

Horizon

ULcAnrltLU

(pre-harvest)

Ally

Estaprop

Sencor

Advance 1 0G

Horizon BTM

wheat)

K-2'

Assert

Express Pack

Spectrum (all canola)

(fallow year)

K-2

Refine Extra'

Attain

Frontline (all canola)

Stampede EDF &

Assert

Prevail

SEE Diphenoprop'

Badge

Frontline 2,4-D

Mixes

Avadex BW

Puma '20 Super

Turboprop’

Banvel II & Mixes

Harmony Total

Sundance

Avenge

Rival 10G'

Basagran^

Hoe-Grass II

Sword

Everest

(fallow year)

Buctril M

Koril

Target

Fortress

Sundance

Caliber 400

K-2®

Thumper

Harmony Total

Triumph Plus^

Clovitox Plus

MCPA

Topside

Heritage

Cobutox 600

Mextrol

Triumph Plus^

(fallow year)

Crossfire^

Pardner

Tropotox Plus

Curtail M

Prestige^

Turboprop

2,4-D

Prevail

Unity

Dichlorprop-D

Oats

Glyphosate*

Badge

Embutox 625

Spectrum (all canola)

(pre-harvest)

Banvel II & Mixes

Frontline (all canola)

Stampede EDF &

Refine Extra'

Buctril M

Koril

Mixes

Caliber 400

MCPA

Sword

Clovitox Plus

Mextrol

Target

Cobutox 600

Pardner

Topside

Curtail M

Refine Extra

Tropotox Plus

DyVel

SEE 2,4-DB

Fall Rye

Badge

2,4-D

Pardner

Achieve Liquid

Avenge

(spring

Buctril M

MCPA

Topside

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass 284

application)

Clovitox Plus

Mextrol

Tropotox Plus

Gold

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass II

Pardner

Avenge

Hoe-Grass 284

^ Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)

'' See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control

® Including CLEARFIELD canola when applied with 2,4-D Amine

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

452

Herbicide Selector Chart - Cereals

Crop

Wild Buckwheat

Wild Oats^

Wild Radish

Barley

Achieve Liquid

2,4-D’

Prestige

Achieve Liquid

Champion Plus

Attain

Gold

Dichlorprop-D

Prevail

Achieve Liquid

Fortress

Banvel II B Mixes

Ally’

DyVel

Refine Extra

Gold

Hoe-Grass II

Champion Plus

Assert’

DyVel DS

Rival 10G

Advance 1 0G

Hoe-Grass 284

Clovitox Plus’

Attain

Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB

Assert

Prevail

DyVel

Badge

Estaprop

SEE Diphenoprop

Avadex BW

Puma Super

Express Pack

Banvel II & Mixes

Express Pack’

Spectrum

Avenge

Rival 10G

2,4-D

Bonanza

Frontline

Stampede EDF &

Bonanza

Treflan OR 5

MCPA

Buctril M

Hoe-Grass II

Mixes

Champion Extra

Topside’

Caliber 400

Linuron 480

Sword

Tropotox Plus’

Champion Extra

Lontrel

Target

Champion Plus

Lorox

Thumper

Cobutox 600

MCPA’

Treflan QR5

Crossfire’

Mextrol

Turboprop

Curtail M

Pardner

Unity

Wheat

Achieve Liquid

DyVel DS

Prestige^

Achieve Liquid

Heritage

Adrenalin (C)

Gold

Embutox 625

Prevail

Achieve Liquid

(fallow year)

Attain

(b -

rAOEIfM n

Adrenalin’ (C)

Estaprop

Refine Extra

Gold

Hoe-Grass II

Banvel II B Mixes

CLEARFIELD

Ally’

Express Pack’

Rival 10G

Adrenalin (C)

Hoe-Grass 284

Basagran^

wheat)

Assert’

Frontline

SEE 2,4-DB

Advance 1 OG

Horizon

Clovitox Plus’

Attain

Frontline 2,4-D

SEE Diphenoprop

(fallow year)

K-2

2,4-D

Badge

Harmony Total

Spectrum

Assert

Prevail

DyVel

Banvel II B Mixes

Heritage (fallow year)

Stampede EDF &

Avadex BW

Puma Super

Express Pack

Buctril M

Hoe-Grass II

Mixes

Avenge

Rival 10G’

Frontline 2,4-D

Caliber 400

K-2

Sword

Everest

(fallow year)

K-2

Cobutox 600

Linuron 480

Target

Fortress

Sundance

MCPA

Crossfire’'^

Lontrel

Triumph Plus^

Harmony Total

Triumph Plus^

Topside’

Curtail M

Lorox

Thumper

Triumph Plus^

2,4-D’

MCPA’

Turboprop

Tropotox Plus’

Dichlorprop-D

Mextrol

Unity

DyVel

Pardner

Oats

Badge

Express Pack’

Refine Extra

Banvel II B Mixes

Banvel II & Mixes

Frontline

SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus’

Buctril M

Linuron 480

Spectrum

DyVel

Caliber 400

Lontrel

Stampede EDF &

MCPA

Cobutox 600

Lorox

Mixes

Topside’

Curtail M

MCPA’

Sword

Tropotox Plus’

DyVel

Mextrol

Target

Embutox 625

Pardner

Fall Rye

Badge

2,4-D’

Mextrol

Achieve Liquid

Avenge

Clovitox Plus

(spring

Buctril M

MCPA’

Pardner

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass 284

2,4-D

application)

Gold

MCPA

Topside

Tropotox Plus

Triticale

Hoe-Grass II

Kohl

Pardner

Achieve Liquid

Hoe-Grass II

Avenge

Hoe-Grass 284

^ Suppression only
^ All spring wheat except durum

^ All spring wheats (including durum when tank mixed with 2,4-D Ester)
'* See page 42 for resistance information
® Top growth control

® Including CLEARFIELD canola when applied with 2,4-D Amine

453

Cereals

Oilseeds

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Crop

Alsike Clover

American

Nightshade

Annual

Smartweed

Annual

Sow-thistle

Barnyard

Grass

Black

Nightshade

Biuebur

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Absolute (C)

Eclipse (RR)

Edge’

Reglone^

Absolute (C)
Bladex (TTC)
Eclipse (RR)
Edge’

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Muster

Muster Gold II
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Eclipse’ (RR)
Factor (RR)
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Liberty (LL)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Advance 1 0G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284
Liberty (LL)
Muster
Muster Gold II
Odyssey (C)
Poast Ultra
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^

Rival

Roundup (RR)
Select
Treflan
Venture

Eclipse (RR)

Edge’

Reglone^

Flax

Badge
Buctril M
Elite
Mextrol
Reglone^

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
2,4-D’
FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
Mextrol
Reglone^

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

MCPA’

MCPA K-salt
Poast FlaxMax
Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Elite
Eptam
FlaxMax
Fusion
Hoe-Grass II
Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Reglone^

Badge

Buctril M

Elite

MCPA’

Mextrol

Reglone^

Mustard

Edge’

Reglone^

Edge’

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284
Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Edge’

Reglone^

Sunflowers

Edge’

Reglone^

Edge’

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Hoe-Grass 284
Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Edge’

Reglone^

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'* See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

454

Herbicide Seiector Chart - Oiiseeds

Crop

Canada

Thistle

Cleavers

Common

Chickweed

Common

Groundsel

Corn Spurry

Cow Cockle

Creeping

Buttercup

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC • triazine
tolerant canola)

Absolute (C)
Factor |RR)
Glyphosate*
(pre-hatvest)
Liberty! ^lL)
Lontrel
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (HC)
Eclipse (RR)
Edge*

Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Advance 10G
Bladex (HC)
Bonanza
Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Rival

Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Treflan
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (TTC)
Reglone^
Sencor (TTC)

Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Advance 1 OG
Bonanza
Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Reglone^

Rival

Roundup (RR)
Treflan
Vantage (RR)

Reglone^

Flax

Badge*
Basagran*
Buctril M*
Elite*

FlaxMax

Glyphosate*

(pre-hatvest)

Lontrel

MCPA*

Mextrol*

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Basagran

Bonanza

Eptam

Rival

Treflan

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
Mextrol
Reglone^

Basagran

Eptam

MCPA K-salt
Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Badge
Bonanza
Buctril M
Elite

Hoe-Grass II

Mextrol

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Basagran

2,4-D*

Reglone^

Mustard

Reglone^

Edge*

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

Edge

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Edge
Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

Sunflowers

Reglone^

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Eptam

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

Edge

Eptam

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Edge
Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'* See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

455

Oilseeds

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Field Field Hairy

Crop Dandelion Bindweed Horsetail Flixweed Green Foxtail'* Nightshade

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Eclipse |RR)
Factor (RR)
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Liberty (LL)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Factor (RR)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)

Reglone^

Absolute (C)
Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Muster®

Muster Gold II®
Odyssey (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)

Absolute (C) Muster

Advance 10G Muster Gold II

Assure II NaTA

Bonanza Odyssey (C)

Centurion Poast Ultra

Eclipse (RR) Pursuit Ultra (C)

Edge Rival

Factor (RR) Roundup (RR)

Fortress Select

Freedom Gold Treflan

Fusion Vantage (RR)

Hoe-Grass 284 Venture

Liberty (LL)

Eclipse (RR)
Reglone^

Flax

FlaxMax®
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA K-salt
Reglone^

Basagran

MCPA’

Reglone^

MCPA’

Reglone^

Badge
Blagal
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax®

MCPA
Mextrol
Reglone^
Stampede EOF b
Mixes

Advance 1 0G Hoe-Grass II

Assure II Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza NaTA

Centurion Poast Ultra

Elite Rival

Eptam Select

FlaxMax Stampede EOF

Fortress Treflan

Fusion Venture

Basagran

Eptam

Reglone^

Mustard

Reglone^

Advance 10G Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza Rival

Centurion Select

Edge Treflan

Fortress Venture

Fusion

Regions^

Sunflowers

Advance 10G Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza Rival

Centurion Select

Edge Treflan

Eptam Venture

Eptam

Regions^

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant

See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

456

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Crop

Hemp-nettle

Henbit

Knawel

Knotweed

Kochia

Lady's Thumb

Lamb's-quarters

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (TTC)
Eclipse (RR)
Edge'

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Muster

Muster Gold II
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Reglone^
Sencor (TTC)

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Absolute’ (C)
Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey’ (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR)
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute’ (C)
Advance 10G
Bladex (HC)
Bonanza
Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey’ (C)
Reglone^

Rival

Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Treflan
Vantage (RR)

Flax

MCPA'

Reglone^

Eptam

Reglone^

Hoe-Grass II
Reglone^

Advance 10G
Bonanza
Rival
Treflan

Badge
Buctril M
Elite

Hoe-Grass II
MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
MCPA K-salt
Mextrol
Reglone^
Stampede EOF &
Mixes

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Elite

Hoe-Grass II
Mextrol

Stampede EOF &
Mixes

Advance 10G

Badge

Basagran

Bonanza

Buctril M

Elite

Eptam

FlaxMax

Hoe-Grass II

MCPA

Mextrol

Reglone^

Rival

Stampede EOF &
Mixes
Treflan

Mustard

Edge’

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Edge

Reglone^

Advansce 10G
Bonanza
Edge
Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Sunflowers

Edge’

Reglone^

Eptam

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Edge

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Eptam

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
^ See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

457

Oilseeds

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Crop

Leafy Spurge

NarroW’leaved

Hawk's-beard

Night-flowering

Catchfly

Perennial

Sow-thistle

Persian Darnel

Prostrate

Pigweed

Canola

(C • CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Reglone^

Factor (RR)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)

Reglone^
Sencor (TTC)

Absolute (C)
Eclipse' (RR)
Factor (RR)
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Liberty (LL)
Lontrel'
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Centurion
Factor (RR)
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284
Odyssey (C)
Poast Ultra
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^

Rival

Roundup (RR)
Select
Treflan
Venture

Edge

Reglone^

Flax

MCPA'

Reglone^

Badge
Buctril M
Elite

Hoe-Grass II

Mextrol

Reglone^

Badge'

Buctril M'
Elite'

FlaxMax

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Lontrel'

MCPA'

Mextrol'

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Centurion

Elite

FlaxMax

Fusion

Hoe-Grass II

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Eptam (ppi)
MCPA K-salt
Reglone^

Mustard

Reglone^

Regions^

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Centurion
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284
Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Edge

Reglone^

Sunflowers

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Centurion
Hoe-Grass 284
Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Edge

Eptam

Reglone^

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant

See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

458

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Crop

Quack Grass

Ragweed

Redroot

Pigweed

Round-leaf

Mallow

Russian

Pigweed

Russian

Thistle'*

Scentless

Chamomile

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Assure II
Centurion
Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR)
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Liberty' (LL)
Muster Gold II
NaTA

Poast Ultra
Pursuit Ultra' (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Select

Vantage (RR)
Venture'

Factor (RR)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (HC)
Eclipse (RR)
Edge

Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Muster
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Roundup (RR)

Edge

Freedom Gold
Reglone^
Sencor (TTC)

Absolute (C)
Bonanza
Eclipse (RR)
Edge'

Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Rival

Odyssey (C)
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Liberty (LL)
Lontrel
Reglone^

Flax

Assure II
Centurion
Elite'

Eptam

Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Select
Venture'

Badge

Basagran

Buctril M

MCPA

Mextrol

Reglone^

Basagran
Eptam (ppi)
FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
MCPA Ester'
MCPA K-salt
MCPA Na-salt
Reglone^

FlaxMax

Reglone^

Badge
Basagran
Bonanza
Buctril M
2,4-D'

Elite

Hoe-Grass II
MCPA
Mextrol
Rival

Badge
Buctril M
Elite^
FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
Lontrel
Mextrol
Reglone^

Mustard

Centurion

Reglone^

Select

Venture'

Reglone^

Edge

Reglone^

Edge

Reglone^

Bonanza

Edge'

Rival

Reglone^

Sunflowers

Centurion

Eptam

Reglone^

Select

Venture'

Edge

Eptam (ppi)

Edge

Reglone^

Bonanza

Edge'

Rival

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
^ See page 42 for resistance information
® Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

459

Oilseeds

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Crop

Shepherd's-

purse

Stinkweed

Stork's-bill

Tall

Buttercup

Tartary

Buckwheat

Toadflax

Tufted Vetch

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (HC)
Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR)
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (TTC)
Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Muster

Muster Gold II
Odyssey (C)
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C)
Factor (RR
Liberty (LL)
Odyssey (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)

Regions®

Regions®
Sencor (TTC)

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Absolute (C)

Flax

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax

MCPA'

Mextrol

Reglone^

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax®
Hoe-Grass II
MCPA
Mextrol
Reglone®
Stampede EOF

Basagran

Regions®

Basagran
MCPA Na-salt
Regions®

Badge
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
MCPA’

Mextrol
Regions®
Stampede EOF &
Mixes

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Mustard

Reglone^

Reglone®

Regions®

Sunflowers

Reglone^

Assert

Reglone®

Regions®

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'' See page 42 for resistance information
^ Spring seedlings

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

460

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Volunteer Volunteer Volunteer Volunteer -

Crop Alfalfa Barley Canola Mustards, Rapeseed Volunteer Oats'^

Canola

(C - CLEARFIELD
canola)

(LL - Liberty Link
canola)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)
(TTC - triazine
tolerant canola)

Absolute (C)

Absolute (C)
Assure
Centurion
Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR)
Fusion

Muster Gold II
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Roundup (RR)
Select

Vantage (RR)
Venture

Absolute (C)

(non C varieties)
Eclipse

(non RR varieties)
Liberty

(non LL canola)
Pursuit

(not C varieties)
Pursuit Ultra
(non C varieties)
Roundup

(non RR varieties)

Absolute (C)
Bladex (TTC)
Eclipse (RR)
Factor (RR)
Freedom Gold
Liberty (LL)
Muster

Muster Gold II
Pursuit (C)
Pursuit Ultra (C)
Odyssey (C)
Reglone^
Roundup (RR)
Sencor (TTC)
Vantage (RR)

Absolute (C) Hoe-Grass 284

Advance lOG Liberty (LL)

Assure II Muster Gold II

Avadex BW Odyssey (C)

Bonanza Poast Ultra

Centurion Pursuit Ultra (C)

Eclipse (RR) Rival

Edge Roundup (RR)

Factor (RR) Select

FlaxMax Treflan

Fortress Vantage (RR)

Freedom Gold Venture

Fusion

Flax

Assure

Centurion

Elite

Fusion

Select

Venture

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Elite

FlaxMax
Hoe-Grass II
MCPA
Mextrol
Reglone^
Stampede EOF &
Mixes

Advance 10G Fusion

Assure II Hoe-Grass II

Avadex BW Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza Poast Ultra

Centurion Rival

Elite Select

Eptam Treflan

Fortress Venture

Mustard

Centurion

Fusion

Select

Reglone^

Advance lOG Fusion

Avadex BW Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza Rival

Centurion Select

Edge Treflan

Fortress Venture

Sunflowers

Centurion

Select

Assert

Reglone^

Advance 10G Hoe-Grass 284

Bonanza Rival

Centurion Select

Edge Treflan

Eptam Venture

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant

See page 42 for resistance information
® Spring seedlings

461

ilseeds

Herbicide Selector Chart - Oilseeds

Volunteer

Wild

Crop

Wheat

Buckwheat

Wild Oats«

Wild Radish

Tomato

Witchgrass

Canola

Assure

Absolute (C)

Hoe-Grass 284

Reglone^

Factor (RR)

Centurion

(C • CLEARFIELD
canola)

Centurion

Advance 1 OG

Advance 1 0G

Liberty (LL)

Sencor (TTC)

Roundup (RR)

Pursuit Ultra (C)

Eclipse |RR)

Bladex (TTC)

Assure II

Muster Gold II

Vantage (RR)

Select

Factor (RR)

Bonanza

Avadex BW

Odyssey (C)

Venture

(LL - Liberty Link

Fusion

Eclipse (RR)

Bonanza

Poast Ultra

canola)

Muster Gold II

Edge

Centurion

Pursuit Ultra (C)

(RR - Roundup
Ready canola)

Pursuit Ultra (C)

Factor (RR)

Eclipse (RR)

Rival

Roundup (RR)

Freedom Gold

Edge

Roundup (RR)

Select

Liberty (LL)

Factor (RR)

Select

(TTC - triazine

Vantage (RR)

Lontrel

FlaxMax

Treflan

tolerant canola)

Venture

Odyssey (C)

Fortress

Vantage (RR)

Pursuit (C)

Freedom Gold

Venture

Pursuit Ultra (C)
Reglone^

Fusion

Rival

Roundup (RR)
Treflan

Flax

Assure

Advance 1 OG

Advance 1 0G

Fusion

Basagran

Badge

Centurion

Badge

Assure II

Hoe-Grass II

Buctril M

Elite

Bonanza

Avadex BW

Hoe-Grass 284

MCPA

Elite

Select

Fusion

Buctril M

Bonanza

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Mextrol

Venture

Select

Elite

Centurion

Rival

Stampede EOF &

Venture

FlaxMax

Elite

Select

Mixes

Hoe-Grass II

Eptam

Treflan

Lontrel

Mextrol

Rival

Stampede EOF &
Mixes
Treflan

Fortress

Venture

Mustard

Centurion

Advance 1 0G

Fusion

Reglone^

Centurion

Fusion

Bonanza

Avadex BW

Hoe-Grass 284

Select

Edge

Bonanza

Rival

Venture

Reglone^

Centurion

Select

Rival

Edge

Treflan

Fortress

Venture

Sunflowers

Centurion

Advance 10G

Advance 1 0G

Hoe-Grass 284

Reglone^

Centurion

Select

Bonanza

Rival

Select

Venture

Edge

Centurion

Select

Venture

Reglone^

Edge

Treflan

Rival

Treflan

Eptam

Venture

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'' See page 42 for resistance information
® Spring seedlings

462

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Legumes

Crop

Crop Stage

Annual

Smartweed

Barnyard Grass

Bluebur

Canada Thistle

Chickweed

Alfalfa

Seedling

Basagran®
Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
Pardner^
Pursuit®

SEE 2,4-DB'

Advance 1 OG

Centurion

Edge®

Eptam (ppi)
Hoe-Grass 284^*

Poast Ultra''
Select
Treflan
Venture

Pardner®

Amitrol 240^-®
Basagran'®
Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'

Embutox 625'
Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'

Advance 10G

Basagran®

Edge®

Eptam (ppi)
Kerb^

Treflan

Established

Pardner®
Princep''
Reglone^
Simazine 80W''

Assure II®
Poast Ultra''
Princep'*

Reglone^
Simazine 80W''
Venture''

Pardner®

Reglone^

Amitrol 240'*'®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone'-®

Kerb^

Reglone®

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Basagran®
Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'

Bonanza 400
Hoe-Grass 284®

Poast Ultra®
Treflan

Amitrol 240''®
Basagran'®
Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'

Embutox 625'
Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Basagran®
Bonanza 400
Treflan

Established

Poast Ultra®

Amitrol 240''®

Glyphosate®*

Red Clover

Seedling

Basagran®

Bonanza 400
Hoe-Grass 284''

Treflan

Venture^

Amitrol 240^®
Basagran'-®
Clovitox Plus'

Glyphosate®*
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Basagran®
Bonanza 400
Treflan

Established

Reglone^

Venture''

Reglone^

Amitrol 240^-®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone'-®

Reglone®

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Bonanza 400
Eptam'

Hoe-Grass 284^

Poast Ultra®

Rival

Treflan

Amitrol 240''-®

Glyphosate®*

Bonanza 400
Eptam'

Rival

Treflan

Established

Poast Ultra®

Amitrol 240''-®

Glyphosate®*

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Amitrol 240^-®
Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Established

Reglone^

Amitrol 240''-®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone'-®

Reglone®

Bird's-fbot

Trefoil

Seedling

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'

Bonanza 400
Eptam (ppi)

Treflan

Venture''

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'

Bonanza 400
Eptam (ppi)
Kerb^

Treflan

Established

Princep''
Reglone^
Simazine 80W''

Princep''

Reglone^

Simazine 80W''
Venture''

Reglone^

Reglone'-®

Glyphosate®*

Kerb^

Reglone®

Sainfoin

\A/ith Legumes

Basagran®

Hoe-Grass 284®
Poast Ultra®

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Basagran'-®

Glyphosate®*

Basagran®
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

No Legumes

Poast Ultra®

Glyphosate®*

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

463

Forage Legumes

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Legumes

Crop

Crop Stage

Clovers

Common

Groundsel

Corn

Spurry

Dandelion

Field Bindweed

Flixweed

(seedlings)

Alfalfa

Seedling

Basagran^

Pardner^

Basagran®

Edge^

Eptam (ppi)

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'
Glyphosate®*

Basagran''®
Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'

Embutox 625'
Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'

Established

Princep'*
Reglone^'^
Simazine SOW''

Pardner®

Reglone^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Velpar®

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Reglone®
Sencor (irr)''

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Basagran^

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'
Glyphosate®*

Basagran'®
Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Established

Glyphosate®*

Red Clover

Seedling

Basagran^

Glyphosate®*

Basagran'®
Clovitox Plus'
Glyphosate®*

Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Established

Reglone'’^

Reglone^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone'®

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Reglone®

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Eptam'

Glyphosate®*

Established

Glyphosate®*

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'
Glyphosate®*

Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Established

Reglone''^

Reglone^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Reglone®

Bird's-foot

Trefoil

Seedling

Eptam (ppi)

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'
SEE 2,4-DB'
Glyphosate®*

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'

Established

Princep''
Reglone''^
Simazine SOW'*

Reglone^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Glyphosate®*

Reglone''®

Reglone®

Sainfoin

With Legumes

Basagran^

Basagran®

Glyphosate®*

Basagran''®

Glyphosate®*

No Legumes

Glyphosate®*

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

464

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Legumes

Foxtail Leafy

Crop Crop Stage Barley Green Foxtail Kochia Lamb's-quarters Spurge

Alfalfa

Seedling

Achieve Liquid'* Poast Ultra'*

Advance 1 OG Pursuit'®

Centurion Select

Edge® Treflan

Eptam (ppi) Venture'*

Hoe-Grass 284'*

Edge®

Odyssey*

Pardner®

Advance 10G Eptam (ppi)

Basagran® Pardner®

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus® Topside®

Cobutox 600 Treflan

Edge® Tropotox Plus®

Embutox 625

Amitrol 240'*'®

Established

Kerb'*

Reglone*'^

Assure II® Reglone^

Poast Ultra'* Venture'*

Pursuit*'®

Odyssey*
Pardner®
Reglone^
Sencor (irr)'*

Pardner® Sencor (irr)^

Princep'* Simazine 80W'*

Reglone^

Amitrol 240'*®
Reglone*'®

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Achieve Liquid'* Poast Ultra®

Hoe-Grass 284® Treflan

Basagran® Embutox 625

Bonanza 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400 Topside

Clovitox Plus Troian

Cobutox 600 Tropotox Plus

Amitrol 240^®

Established

Poast Ultra®

Amitrol 240^'®

Red Clover

Seedling

Achieve Liquid'* Treflan

Hoe-Grass 284^ Venture'*

Basagran® Topside

Bonanza 400 Treflan

Clovitox Plus Tropotox Plus

Amitrol 240'*'®

Established

Reglone*'^

Reglone^

Venture'*

Reglone^

Amitrol 240'*'®
Reglone*'®

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Achieve Liquid'* Poast Ultra®
Eptam* Rival

Hoe-Grass 284'* Treflan

Bonanza 400 Rival 500/DF

Eptam* Treflan

Amitrol 240'*'®

Established

Poast Ultra®

Amitrol 240'*®

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Achieve Liquid'*

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus Topside

Cobutox 600 Tropotox Plus

Embutox 625

Amitrol 240*®

Established

Reglone*'^

Reglone^

Amitrol 240'*'®
Reglone*'^

Bird's-foot

Trefoil

Seedling

Achieve Liquid^ Treflan
Eptam (ppi) Venture^

Bonanza 400 Eptam (ppi)

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Cobutox 600 Treflan

Embutox 625

Amitrol 240*®

Established

Kerb^

Reglone*'^

Reglone^

Venture'*

Reglone^

Princep'* Simazine 80W'*

Reglone^

Amitrol 240*®
Reglone*'®

Sainfoin

W\th Legumes

Achieve Liquid'* Rival 500/DF

Hoe-Grass 284® Treflan

Poast Ultra®

Basagran®
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Amitrol 240*®

No Legumes

Poast Ultra®

Amitrol 240*®

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'* Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

465

Forage Legumes

Herbicide Seiector Chart - Forage Legumes

Crop

Crop Stage

Mustards

Narrow-leaved

Hawk's-beard

Night-flewering

Catchfly

Perennial Sew-thistle

Alfalfa

Seedling

Basagran^
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus®
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

Pardner®
Pursuit
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside®
Tropotox Plus®

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Amitrol 240^®
Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
SEE2,4-DB’

Established

Pardner®

Pursuit®

Reglone^

Reglone’-^

Velpar5

Pardner®

Reglone^

Amitrol 240'’®
Clovitox Plus
Glyphosate®*

Reglone®’®
Tropotox Plus
Velpar®

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Basagran®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Amitrol 240^®
Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB’
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Established

Amitrol 240''®

Glyphosate®*

Red Clover

Seedling

Basagran®
Clovitox Plus

Topside
Tropotox Plus

Amitrol 240''®
Clovitox Plus'
Glyphosate®*

Topside'
Tropotox Plus’

Established

Reglone^

Reglone’'^

Reglone^

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone'®

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240''®

Glyphosate®*

Established

Amitrol 240''®

Glyphosate®*

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Amitrol 240''®
Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB'
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Established

Reglone^

Reglone’'^

Reglone^

Amitrol 240''®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’®

Bird's-foot

Trefoil

Seedling

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400'
Cobutox 600'
Embutox 625'

Glyphosate®*
SEE 2,4-DB’

Established

Reglone^

Reglone^'^

Reglone^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone®

Sainfoin

With Legumes

Basagran®

Glyphosate®*

No Legumes

Glyphosate®*

^ Suppression only

2 Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings

3 Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions

® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

466

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Legumes

Crop

Crop Stage

Quack Grass

Redroot Pigweed

Scentless

Chamomile

(seedlings)

Shepherd's-

purse

(seedlings)

Stinkweed

(seedlings)

Alfalfa

Seedling

Amitrol 240^®
Centurion
Eptam (ppi)’
Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’'’

Select

Venture’'’

Advance 1 0G
Basagran’®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus®
Cobutox 600
Edge®

Embutox 625

Eptam (ppi)

Pardner®

Pursuit

SEE 2,4-DB

Topside®

Treflan

Tropotox Plus®

Basagran®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus®
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside®
Tropotox Plus®

Basagran®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus®
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
Pardner®
Pursuit
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside®
Tropotox Plus®

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Assure II®
Glyphosate®*
Kerb^

Poast Ultra’'^
Reglone’'®
Velpar®
Venture’’'’

Pardner®
Pursuit®
Reglone®
Sencor (irr)'’

Pardner®

Reglone’’^

Velpar®

Reglone®
Sencor (irr)'’

Pardner®
Pursuit®
Reglone^
Sencor (irr)^

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra' ®

Basagran’®
Bonanza 400
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Treflan

Tropotox Plus

Basagran’®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Basagran®
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’ ®

Red Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240'’®
Glyphosate®*

Venture’’'’

Basagran’®
Bonanza 400
Clovitox Plus

Topside

Trdlan

Tropotox Plus

Basagran®
Clovitox Plus
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’’^

Reglone®

Reglone’’^

Reglone®

Reglone^

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^'®

Eptam’

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’ ®

Bonanza 400
Eptam’

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Established

Amitrol 240'’®
Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’ ®

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^®

Glyphosate®*

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’’^

Reglone^

Reglone’’®

Reglone®

Reglone^

Bird's-fbot

Trefoil

Seedling

Kerb^

Eptam (ppi)’
Glyphosate®*

Venture’'’

Bonanza 400
Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

Eptam (ppi)
SEE 2,4-DB
Treflan

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Established

Kerb^

Glyphosate®*

Reglone®

Venture’’^

Reglone®

Reglone’’®

Reglone®

Reglone^

Sainfoin

With Legumes

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’ ®

Basagran’’®
Rival 500/DF

Treflan

Basagran®

No Legumes

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra’ ®

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

467

Forage Legumes

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Legumes

Crop

Crop Stage

Toadflax

Wild Buckwheat

Wild Oats

Alfalfa

Seedling

Amitrol 240'*®

Glyphosate®*

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza 1 0G
Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Edge®

Embutox 625
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB
Treflan

Achieve Liquid^
Advance 1 0G
Avadex BW^
Avenge'*
Centurion
Edge®

Eptam (ppi)

Hoe-Grass 284'*
Kerb^

Poast Ultra^
Select
Treflan
Venture^

Established

Amitrol 240'*®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’’®

Pardner®

Princep'^

Reglone®
Simazine SOW'^

Assure II®
Kerb'*

Poast Ultra'*
Princep'*

Reglone®

Sencor (irr)^
Simazine 80W'*
Venture'*

Alsike Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^-®

Glyphosate®*

Bonanza 400
Caliber 400
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Treflan

Achieve Liquid'*
Avadex BW'*
Hoe-Grass 284®

Poast Ultra®
Treflan

Established

Amitrol 240^®

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra®

Red Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^®

Glyphosate®*

Bonanza 400
Treflan

Achieve Liquid'*
Avadex BW'*
Avenge'*

Hoe-Grass 284'*

Treflan

Venture'*

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’'®

Reglone®

Venture^

Sweet Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240^®

Glyphosate®*

Bonanza 400
Rival

Treflan

Achieve Liquid'*
Avadex BW^
Avenge'*

Eptam*

Hoe-Grass 284'*
Poast Ultra®
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Established

Amitrol 240"'®

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra®

White Dutch
Clover

Seedling

Amitrol 240'*®

Glyphosate®*

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Achieve Liquid'*
Avadex BW'*

Established

Amitrol 240^®
Glyphosate®*

Reglone’'®

Reglone®

Bird's-foot

Trefoil

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Bonanza 400
Caliber 400
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB
Treflan

Achieve Liquid'*
Avadex BW^
Avenge'*

Eptam (ppi)

Kerb^

Treflan

Venture'*

Established

Reglone’-®

Glyphosate®*

Princep'^
Reglone®
Simazine SOW'*

Kerb^

Princep'*

Reglone®

Simazine 80W^
Venture'*

Sainfoin

With Legumes

Glyphosate®*

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Achieve Liquid'*
Hoe-Grass 284®
Poast Ultra®

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

No Legumes

Glyphosate®*

Poast Ultra®

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'* Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

468

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Annual Smartweed

Barnyard

Grass

Bluebur

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril
Caliber 400’

2,4-D

Embutox 625’
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB’

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Hoe Grass 284^
Hoe Grass II®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

2,4-D

MCPA Amine’

MCPA Ester’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400’

2,4-D

Embutox 625’
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB’

Sword

Target

Hoe Grass 284^
Hoe Grass II®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Caliber 400’

2,4-D

Embutox 625’
Hoe Grass II®
Pardner®
Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB’

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Hoe Grass 284'’
Hoe Grass II®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II + 2,4-D
Basagran®

Buctril M^

Caliber 400’

2,4-D

Embutox 625’
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB’

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Hoe Grass 284'’
Hoe Grass II®
Poast Ultra®
Venture®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

Ally

Banvel II -l- 2,4-D
2,4-D

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
Mextrol®

Poast Ultra®
Venture®

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Hoe Grass 284'’
Hoe Grass II®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

2,4-D

MCPA Amine’

MCPA Ester’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Timothy

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400’
2,4-D

Embutox 625’
Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB’

Sword

Target

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Established

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’
Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Caliber 400’
Cobutox 600’

Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB’

No Legumes

Banvel II & Mixes'*
2,4-D^

MCPA Amine’ '’

MCPA Ester’'^
MCPA Na-salt^

2,4-D'’

MCPA Amine^
MCPA Ester'’
MCPA Na-salt^

' Suppression only Grazing or feeding restrictions

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings ® Seed production only

^ Used as a crop desiccant ^ Spot treatment only

469

Forage Grasses

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Burdock

Canada Thistle

Cleavers

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge^'®

Banvel II b Mixes
Basagran'’^

Buctril M''^
Caliber 400'

2,4-D*

Embutox 625*
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel

Mextrol*'®
SEE 2,4-DB*
Sword
Target*

Banvel II & Mixes*

Basagran

Sword

Target

Established

2,4-D'

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*

MCPA Ester*

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge*'®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran*'®

Buctril M*'®

Caliber 400*

2,4-D*

Embutox 625*
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel

Mextrol*'®
SEE 2,4-DB*
Sword
Target*

Banvel II & Mixes*

Basagran

Sword

Target

Established

Ally*

2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*
MCPA Ester*

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge*'®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M*'®
Caliber 400*
2,4-D*

Embutox 625*
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel
Mextrol*'®

SEE 2,4-DB*

Sword

Target*

Triumph Plus*

Banvel II & Mixes*

Sword

Target

Established

Ally*

2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*
MCPA Ester*

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge*'®

Banvel II b Mixes*
Basagran*'®

Buctril M*'®

Caliber 400*

2,4-D*

Embutox 625*
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel
Mextrol*'®

SEE 2,4-DB*

Sword

Target*

Triumph Pius*

Banvel II + 2,4-D*

Basagran

Sword

Target

Established

Ally*

Banvel II + 2,4-D
2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*

MCPA Ester*
Mextrol*'®

Banvel II -l- 2,4-D*

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge*'®
Buctril M*'®

2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

Mextrol*'®

Established

2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*

MCPA Ester*

Timothy

Seedling

Badge*'®

Banvel II b Mixes
Basagran*'®

Buctril M*'®

2,4-D*

Embutox 625*
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel

Mextrol*'®

Sword

Target*

Banvel II & Mixes*

Basagran

Sword

Target

Established

Badge*
Buctril M*
2,4-D*

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel

MCPA Amine*

Mextrol*
MCPA Ester*

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Amitrol 240®
Caliber 400*
Clovitox Plus*

Cobutox 600*
Embutox 625*
SEE 2,4-DB*

Topside*
Tropotox Plus*

No Legumes

Grazon

Amitrol 240'*®
Banvel II & Mixes* '*
Clovitox Plus*
2,4-D*'^

Grazon

MCPA Amine* '*
MCPA Ester*'^
MCPA Na-salt*'*

Topside*
Tropotox Plus*
Tordon 22K^

Banvel II & Mixes'*

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'' Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

470

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Common Common Common

Crop Crop Stage Clovers Chickweed Groundsel Ragweed Corn Spurry

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Lontrel

Basagran®
Triumph Plus

Badge^
Basagran^
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass 11^
Mextrol^
Pardner^

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Lontrel

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Lontrel

Basagran®

Badge®
Basagran®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®
Buctril M®
Mextrol®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Sword

Target

Established

Lontrel

Ally

Ally*

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Lontrel

Triumph Pius

Badge®

Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Banvel II B Mixes

Sword

Target

Triumph Pius

Established

Lontrel

Ally

Ally'

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Banvel II
Lontrel

Basagran^
Triumph Plus

Badge®
Basagran®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Banvel II + 2,4-D
Basagran®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Banvel II
Lontrel

Ally

Banvel II + 2,4-D

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Lontrel

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Established

Lontrel

Timothy

Seedling

Lontrel
(Alsike only)

Basagran^

Badge®
Basagran®
Buctril M®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Sword

Target

Established

Lontrel
(Alsike only)

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Kerb^

No Legumes

Banvel II & Mixes'*
Grazon

Kerb^

Grazon

Banvel II & Mixes^

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'• Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

471

Forage Grasses

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Cow Cockle

Dandelion

Field Bindweed

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Hoe Grass 11^
Mextrol®

Pardner®

Target

Sword

Triumph Plus

Caliber 400
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB

Basagran’-®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Sword

Target’

Established

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’

Basagran’-®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Sword

Target’

Established

Ally

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Caliber 400’
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Established

Ally

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II 2,4-D
Buctril M®

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®
Pardner®
Triumph Plus

Banvel II + 2,4-D’
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’

Basagran’-®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Sword

Target’

Established

Ally

Banvel II -f 2,4-D

Banvel II 4- 2,4-D’
2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Banvel II + 2,4-D'
Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester’

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®

Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Established

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester'

Timothy

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®
Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Caliber 400
2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB

Basagran’-®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Sword

Target’

Established

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester’

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Caliber 400’
Cobutox 600’
Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB’

Caliber 400'
Clovitox Plus’
Cobutox 600’
Embutox 625’

SEE 2,4-DB’
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

No Legumes

Banvel II & Mixes^

2,4-D’'’

Grazon

MCPA Amine’-'’
MCPA Ester’

Banvel 11’-^
Clovitox Plus’
2,4-D’-^

MCPA Amine’-^
MCPA Ester’

MCPA Na-salt’-^
Topside’

Tordon 22K^
Tropotox Plus’

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

472

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Fleabane

Flixweed (seedlings)

Goldenrod

Green Foxtail

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M=

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid®
Hoe Grass 284'*
Hoe Grass II®
Triumph Plus

Established

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Achieve Liquid®

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M=

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Sword

Target

Achieve Liquid®
Hoe Grass 284'*
Hoe Grass II®

Established

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Achieve Liquid®

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid®
Hoe Grass 284^
Hoe Grass II®
Triumph Plus

Established

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Achieve Liquid®

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M^

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid®
Hoe Grass 284^*
Hoe Grass II®
Poast Ultra®
Triumph Plus
Venture®

Established

Ally

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Achieve Liquid®
Assure II®

Poast Ultra®
Venture®

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Hoe Grass 284'*
Hoe Grass II®

Established

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Timothy

Seedling

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Sword

Target

Established

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Achieve Liquid

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

No Legumes

Grazon

2,4-D^

MCPA Amine^

MCPA Ester^

Grazon

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
'' Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

473

Forage Grasses

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Hemp-nettle

Kochia

Lamb's-quarters

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge^

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Hoe Grass 11^

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®

Pardner®
SEE 2,4-DB
Sword
Target

Established

Ally

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Ally

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II -f 2,4-D
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II + 2,4-D
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Ally

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

Banvel II + 2,4-D
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally'

Banvel II + 2,4-D
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Established

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Timothy

Seedling

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II b Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

Pardner®
SEE 2,4-DB
Sword
Target

Established

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Clovitox Plus'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600

Embutox 625
SEE 2,4-DB

Topside
Tropotox Plus

No Legumes

Clovitox Plus'
MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'
MCPA Na-salt'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

2,4-D^

MCPA Amine^
MCPA Ester''

Clovitox Plus
2,4-D^

MCPA Amine''
MCPA Ester^

MCPA Na-salt^
Topside
Tropotox Plus

’ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

474

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Leafy Spurge

Mustards

Narrow-leaved

Hawk's-beard

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D’

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D'

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®

Pardner®
SEE 2,4-DB
Sword
Target

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

2,4-D'

intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

2,4-D'

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally

Banvel II -i- 2,4-D

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D'

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Ally®

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

2,4-D'

Timothy

Seedling

2,4-D'

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

Pardner®
SEE 2,4-DB
Sword
Target

2,4-D'

Established

2,4-D'

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Ester'

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

2,4-D'

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Amitrol 240^'®

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Caliber 400
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625
(fall spraying)
SEE 2,4-DB

No Legumes

Amitrol 240''®
2,4-D'’^

MCPA Amine''''
MCPA Ester'
MCPA Na-salt''^
Tordon 22K^

Banvel II & Mixes
Clovitox Plus
2,4-D^

MCPA Amine''

MCPA Ester^
MCPA Na-salt^
Topside
Tropotox Plus

2,4-D'

(fall spraying)

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
3 Used as a crop desiccant
'' Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only

475

Forage Grasses

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Night-flowering

Catchfly

Perennial Sow-thistle

Plantain

Prickly

Lettuce

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge^

Buctril

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge’®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M’ ®
Caliber 400’

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’

Mextrol’'®
SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’

Established

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

MCPA Amine’

MCPA Ester’

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge®

Buctril M®

Hoe Grass 11®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge’®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M’'®
Caliber 400’

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’

Mextrol’'®
SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’

Established

Ally’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge®

Buctril M®

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge’®

Banvel II B Mixes
Buctril M’’®
Caliber 400’

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’

Mextrol’®
SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’

Established

Ally’

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge®

Buctril M®

Hoe Grass 11®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge’'®

Banvel II + 2,4-D’
Buctril M’ ®

Caliber 400’

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’

Mextrol’'®
SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’

Established

Ally

Banvel II + 2,4-D’
2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

MCPA Amine’
MCPA Ester’

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge’®
Buctril M’ ®

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

Mextrol’'®

Established

2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*

Lontrel’

MCPA’

Timothy

Seedling

Badge®

Buctril M®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Badge’'®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M’'®
Caliber 400’

2,4-D’

Embutox 625’
Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’

Mextrol’'®
SEE 2,4-DB’
Sword
Target’

Established

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D’

Glyphosate®*
Lontrel’
MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester’
Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Amitrol 240'’®
Caliber 400’
Clovitox Plus’

Cobutox 600’
Embutox 625’
SEE 2,4-DB’

Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

No Legumes

Amitrol 240'’'®
Banvel II & Mixes’''’
Clovitox Plus’
2,4-D’'4

MCPA Amine’ '’
MCPA Ester’
MCPA Na-salt’'^

Topside’
Tropotox Plus’
Tordon 22K^

Grazon

' Suppression only Grazing or feeding restrictions

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings ® Seed production only

^ Used as a crop desiccant ® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

476

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop Crop Stage Quack Grass Redroot Pigweed Russian Thistle

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Basagran'® Pardner®

Buctril M® SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400 Sword

2,4-D Target

Embutox 625 Triumph Plus

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Banvel II -h 2,4-D Mextrol®

Basagran® Pardner®

Buctril M® Sword

2,4-D Target

Established

Glyphosate®*

2,4-D MCPA Ester’

MCPA Amine

2,4-D

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Basagran’® Pardner®

Buctril M® SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400 Sword

2,4-D Target

Embutox 625

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Banvel II -f- 2,4-D Mextrol®

Basagran® Pardner®

Buctril M® Sword

2,4-D Target

Established

Glyphosate®*

Ally MCPA Amine

2,4-D MCPA Ester’

Ally’

2,4-D

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Mextrol®

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner®

Buctril M® SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400 Sword

2,4-D Target

Embutox 625 Triumph Plus

Hoe Grass II®

Badge® Mextrol®

Banvel II -t- 2,4-D Pardner®

Buctril M® Sword

2,4-D Target

Hoe Grass II® Triumph Plus

Established

Glyphosate®*

Ally MCPA Amine

2,4-D MCPA Ester'

Ally’

2,4-D

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Glyphosate®*
Poast Ultra®
Venture®

Badge® Embutox 625

Banvel II B Mixes Hoe Grass II®

Basagran’® Mextrol®

Buctril M® Pardner®

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

2,4-D Triumph Plus

Badge® Mextrol®

Banvel ll-l- 2,4-D Pardner®

Basagran® Sword

Buctril M® Target

2,4-D Triumph Plus

Hoe Grass II®

Established

Assure II®
Glyphosate®*
Poast Ultra®
Venture®

Ally MCPA Amine

Banvel II -i- 2,4-D MCPA Ester'

2,4-D

Ally’ 2,4-D

Banvel II + 2,4-D

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Buctril M® Mextrol®

2,4-D Pardner®

Badge® Hoe Grass II®

Buctril M® Mextrol®

2,4-D Pardner®

Established

Glyphosate®*

2,4-D MCPA Ester’

MCPA Amine

2,4-D

Timothy

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Embutox 625

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Basagran’’® Pardner®

Buctril M® SEE 2,4-DB

Caliber 400 Sword

2,4-D Target

Badge® Mextrol®

Banvel II -t- 2,4-D Pardner®

Basagran® Sword

Buctril M® Target

2,4-D

Established

Glyphosate®*

Badge MCPA Amine

Buctril M MCPA Ester’

2,4-D Mextrol

Badge 2,4-D

Buctril M Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Amitrol 240'’ ®

Glyphosate®*

Kerb'’

Caliber 400 SEE 2,4-DB

Clovitox Plus Topside

Cobutox 600 Tropotox Plus

Embutox 625

No Legumes

Amitrol 240'*®

Glyphosate®*

Kerb'’

Banvel II Mixes MCPA Ester^

Clovitox Plus MCPA Na-salt^

2,4-D'’ Topside

MCPA Amine'’ Tropotox Plus

Banvel II -f- 2,4-D Sword

2,4-D^ Target

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
3 Used as a crop desiccant
Grazing or feeding restrictions
^ Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

477

Forage Grasses

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop

Crop Stage

Scentless

Chamomile

(seedlings)

Shepherd's-purse (seedlings)

Stinkweed (seedlings)

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Lontrel

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Established

Ally

Lontrel

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Intermediate

Whea^rass

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625

Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Ally

Lontrel

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally’

2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®

Banvel II B Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400

2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB
Triumph Plus

Badge®

Banvel II 8 Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Hoe Grass II®
2,4-D

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Sword

Target

Triumph Plus

Established

Ally

Lontrel

Ally

Banvel II -t- 2,4-D
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Ally

Banvel II + 2,4-D
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Hoe Grass II®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®
Buctril M®

2,4-D

Mextrol®

Badge®
Buctril M®
2,4-D

Hoe Grass II®

Mextrol®

Pardner®

Established

Lontrel

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

2,4-D

MCPA Amine

MCPA Ester

Timothy

Seedling

Badge®
Buctril M®
Lontrel
Mextrol®
Pardner®

Badge®

Banvel II b Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625
Mextrol®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Badge®

Banvel II 8 Mixes
Basagran®

Buctril M®

Caliber 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625

Mextrol®

Pardner®

SEE 2,4-DB

Sword

Target

Established

Badge
Buctril M
Lontrel
Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
2,4-D

MCPA Amine
MCPA Ester
Mextrol

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Cobutox 600
Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Cobutox 600
Caliber 400
Clovitox Plus
Embutox 625

SEE 2,4-DB
Topside
Tropotox Plus

No Legumes

Tordon 22K^

Banvel II 8 Mixes
Clovitox Plus
2,4-D'’

MCPA Amine'*

MCPA Ester^
MCPA Na-salt^
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Banvel II 8 Mixes
Clovitox Plus
2,4-D^

MCPA Amine'*

MCPA Ester^
MCPA Na-salT*
Topside
Tropotox Plus

^ Suppression only ^ Used as a crop desiccant ^ Seed production only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings ^ Grazing or feeding restrictions

478

Herbicide Selector Chart - Forage Grasses

Crop Crop Stage Toadflax Wild Buckwheat Wild Oats

Smooth

Brome

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Lontrel

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Buctril M® Pardner

2,4-D Amine’ Sword

Embutox 625 Target

Hoe Grass II® Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid® Hoe Grass II®

Avenge Triumph Plus

Hoe-Grass 284^

Established

Glyphosate®*

2,4-D Amine’ MCPA Amine’

Lontrel MCPA Ester’

Achieve Liquid®

Crested

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Lontrel

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Buctril M® Pardner®

2,4-D Amine’ Sword

Embutox 625 Target

Hoe Grass II®

Achieve Liquid® Hoe-Grass 284'’

Avenge Hoe Grass II®

Established

Glyphosate®*

Ally MCPA Amine’

2,4-D Amine’ MCPA Ester’

Lontrel

Achieve Liquid®

Intermediate

Wheatgrass

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Lontrel

Banvel II & Mixes Mextrol®

Buctril M® Pardner®

2,4-D Amine’ Sword

Embutox 625 Target

Hoe Grass II® Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid® Hoe Grass II®

Hoe-Grass 284" Triumph Plus

Established

Glyphosate®*

Ally MCPA Amine’

2,4-D Amine’ MCPA Ester’

Lontrel

Achieve Liquid®

Creeping
Red Fescue

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Lontrel

Banvel II -i- 2,4-D Mextrol®

Buctril M® Pardner®

2,4-D Amine’ Sword

Embutox 625 Target

Hoe Grass II® Triumph Plus

Achieve Liquid® Poast Ultra®

Avenge Triumph Plus

Hoe-Grass 284'* Venture®

Hoe Grass II®

Established

Glyphosate®*

Ally' Lontrel

Banvel II & Mixes MCPA Amine’

2,4-D Amine’ MCPA Ester’

Achieve Liquid® Poast Ultra®

Assure II® Venture®

Russian
Wild Rye

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Lontrel

Buctril M® Mextrol®

2,4-D Amine’ Pardner®

Hoe Grass II®

Avenge Hoe Grass II®

Hoe-Grass 284"

Established

Glyphosate®*

2,4-D Amine’ MCPA Amine’

Lontrel MCPA Ester’

Timothy

Seedling

Glyphosate®*

Badge® Mextrol®

Banvel II & Mixes Pardner®

Buctril M® Sword

2,4-D Amine’ Target

Lontrel

Avenge

Established

Glyphosate®*

Badge MCPA Amine’

Buctril M MCPA Ester’

2,4-D Amine’ Mextrol

Lontrel

Achieve Liquid®

Hay and
Grazing

With Legumes

Amitrol 240'’ ®
Glyphosate®*

Caliber 400 Embutox 625

Cobutox 600 SEE 2,4-DB

Kerb"

No Legumes

Amitrol 240^ ®
Tordon 22K'*

Banvel II & Mixes MCPA Ester’ '’

2,4-D’ MCPA Na-salt’’^

MCPA Amine’''*

Kerb"

' Suppression only

^ Pre-crop emergence to weed seedlings
^ Used as a crop desiccant
^ Grazing or feeding restrictions
® Seed production only
® Spot treatment only

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

479

Forage Grasses

Other Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

American

Nightshade

Annual Smartweed

Annual Sow-thistle

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Edge’

Gramoxone^

Pursuit

Reglone^

Ami ben

Basagran

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol
Pardner

Badge
Banvel II
Buctril M

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

MCPA'

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Lorox (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480 (C)
(seedling only)

Lorox (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Badge
Buctril M
Dual II Magnum
Gramoxone^
Koril
Mextrol
Pardner
Primextra

Atrazine
Banvel II -f
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran
Caliber 400 (FC)
Cobutox 600' (FC)
2,4-D

DyVel DS
Embutox 625 (FC)
Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Linuron 480 (FC)
Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine (FC)

MCPA K-salt (FC)

MCPA Na-salt (FC)

Pardner

Primextra

SEE 2,4-DB (FC)

Amitrol 240 (spot)
Caliber 400' (FC)
Clovitox Plus' (FC)
Cobutox 600' (FC)
2,4-D’

DyVel DS

Embutox 625' (FC)

Gramoxone^

Lorox L
MCPA' (FC)

MCPA K-salt (FC)
SEE 2,4-DB (FC)
Topside' (FC)
Tropotox Plus' (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Edge'

Basagran

Edge'

Sencor -l- Edge
Sencor 4- Treflan

Lentils

Regions^

Reglone^

Sencor

Reglone^

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Edge'

Gramoxone^

Regions^

Basagran

Edge'

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine
MCPA Na-salt
Odyssey

Pursuit

Reglone^

Sencor

Amitrol 240 (spot)
Clovitox Plus'
Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine'

MCPA Na-salt'
Reglone^
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Potatoes

Dual 11 Magnum

Gramoxone^

Regions^

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480

Lorox

Reglone^

Sencor

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480
(seedling only)

Lorox L
Reglone^

Rutabagas

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
3 Used as a crop desiccant

480

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Barnyard Grass

Black

Nightshade

Canada Thistle

Cleavers

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Hoe Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Reglone^

Rival 500/DF

Select

Treflan

Edge'

Gramoxone^

Pursuit

Reglone^

Amitrol 240 (spot)
Basagran'
Gramoxone''^
Reglone^

Basagran

Canary Grass

Pardner

Badge'

Banvel II + MCPA'
Buctril M'

Mextrol'

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)
Hoe Grass 284
Linuron 480 L

Lorox (C)

Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan

Gramoxone^ (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)'

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Accent (FC)

Atrazine

Bladex

Dual II Magnum
Eradicane 8-E

Gramoxone^
Lorox L (FC)
Primextra
Princep

Badge

Bladex

Buctril M

Dual II Magnum

Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Mextrol

Pardner

Amitrol 240 (spot)
Badge'

Banvel II -t-
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran'

Buctril M'

Caliber 400' (FC)
Clovitox Plus' (FC)
Cobutox 600' (FC)
2,4-D'

DyVel DS

Embutox 625' (FC)
Gramoxone'’^

MCPA Amine' (FC)
MCPA K-salt' (FC)
MCPA Na-salt' (FC)
SEE 2,4-DB' (FC)
Mextrol'

Topside' (FC)
Tropotox Plus' (FC)

Banvel II (FC)'

Basagran

Odyssey

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Rival
Treflan

Edge'

Basagran'

Sencor'

Basagran

Lentils

Advance 10G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Reglone^

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Reglone^

Sencor'

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance 1 0G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Edge
Fusion
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284

Odyssey

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Edge'

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Amitrol 240 (spot)
Basagran'

Clovitox Plus'
Glyphosate*
(pre-han/est)
Gramoxone''^

MCPA Amine'
MCPA Na-salt'
Reglone^
Sencor'
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Basagran

Odyssey

Pursuit

Potatoes

Centurion
Dual II Magnum
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284
Linuron 480 L

Lorox

Poast Ultra
Prism (irr)
Reglone^
Select
Venture

Dual II Magnum

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rutabagas

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

Hoe-Grass
Poast Ultra

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

481

Other Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Common Corn

Crop Cocklebur Common Chickweed Groundsel Spurry

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Advance 1 OG Gramoxone^

Basagran Patoran

Bonanza Reglone^

Edge Rival 500/DF

Eptam Treflan

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Basagran

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Badge MCPA Amine

Banvel II + MCPA MCPA Ester

Buctril M Mextrol

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol
Pardner

Banvel II
MCPA K-salt
Sword
Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)

Bonanza (C) Rival 500/DF

Lorox (C) Treflan (C)

Linuron 480 L

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480 L

Gramoxone^ (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Badge Embutox 625 (FC)

Banvel II -l- Gramoxone^

2,4-D (FC) Laddok

Basagran MCPA Amine’ (FC)

Buctril M MCPA K-salt’ (FC)

Cobotox 600 (FC) MCPA Na-salt' (FC)

2,4-D Mextrol

Caliber 400 (FC) SEE 2,4-DB (FC)

DyVel DS

Roundup (RR)

Factor (RR)

Basagran Lorox L (FC)

Eradicane 8-E Princep

Gramoxone’'^ Simazine 80W

Laddok

Roundup (RR)

Factor (RR)

Badge

Basagran

Buctril M

Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Mextrol

Pardner

Banvel II -h
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran
DyVel DS
Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^
Laddok
MCPA K-salt

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Basagran

Advance 10G Rival

Basagran Sencor

Bonanza Treflan

Edge

Basagran

Edge

Sencor

Lentils

Reglone^

Advance 10G Rival

Bonanza Sencor

Reglone^ Treflan

Reglone^

Sencor

Reglone^

Sencor

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Basagran
Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine’
MCPA IMa-salt’
Reglone^

Advance 1 0G Pursuit

Basagran Reglone^

Bonanza Rival

Edge Sencor

Gramoxone^ Treflan

Odyssey

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Basagran

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Potatoes

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Eptam (Irish) Lorox

Gramoxone^ Reglone^

Linuron 480 L Sencor

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480 L
Reglone^
Sencor

Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Reglone^
Sencor

Rutabagas

Gramoxone^

Bonanza Rival 500/DF

Eptam Treflan

Gramoxone^

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

482

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Cow Cockle

Goosefoot

Green Foxtail

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Reglone
Rival 500/DF
Select
Treflan

Canary Grass

Badge
Banvel II
Buctril M
Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480 L
Lorox (C)

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Hoe-Grass 284 (C)
Linuron 480 L

Lorox (C)

Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Badge
Banvel II -i-
2,4-D (FC)
BuctriL M
DyVel DS

Gramoxone^ (C)
Kohl
Mextrol
Pardner

Bladex

Caliber 400 (FC)
Cobutox 600 (FC)
2,4-D Amine
Embutox 625 (FC)

Gramoxone^

Lorox (FC)

MCPA Amine'
MCPA K-salt' (FC)
MCPA Na-salt' (FC)
SEE 2,4-DB (FC)

Accent (FC)

Atrazine

Bladex

Dual II Magnum

Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^
Lorox L' (FC)
Primextra

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Rival

Treflan

Lentils

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance lOG

Bonanza

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine'
MCPA IMa-salt'
Reglone^

Advance 10G
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Edge
Fusion
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284

Odyssey

Poast Ultra

Pursuit

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Potatoes
Irrigated (irr)

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480 L
Lorox
Reglone^

Centurion
Dual II Magnum
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284
Linuron 480 L

Lorox'
Poast Ultra
Prism (irr)
Reglone^
Select
Venture

Rutabagas

Bonanza

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Gramoxone^

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Tame

Buckwheat

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

483

Other Crops

Iher Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Hairy

Nightshade

Hemp-nettle

Knotweed

Kochia

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Basagran

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Pursuit

Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Edge'

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Gramoxone^

Reglone^
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Sword

Target

Sword

Target

Badge

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M
Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)

Bonanza (C)
Lorox (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)

Linuron 480
Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Badge
Basagran
Buctril M
Dual II Magnum
Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^
Kohl
Mextrol

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine' (FC)
MCPA K-salt' (FC)
MCPA Na-salt' (FC)

Bladex
DyVel DS
Gramoxone^
Linuron 480
Lorox L (FC)

Badge
Banvel II
2,4-D (FC)
Bladex
Buctril M
DyVel DS

2,4-D

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine (FC)
MCPA K-salt (FC)
Mextrol
Pardner

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Basagran

Edge

Sencor

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza

Rival

Treflan

Edge

Lentils

Reglone^

Sencor

Advance lOG

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Reglone^

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Clovitox Plus'
Edge'

Gramoxone^
Lexone DF
MCPA Amine'
MCPA Na-salt'
Odyssey'
Pursuit
Reglone^
Sencor
Topside'
Tropotox Plus'

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Gramoxone^
Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Edge

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine
Odyssey'
Reglone^

Potatoes
Irrigated (irr)

Dual II Magnum
Eptam
Gramoxone^
Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Regions'^

Sencor

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480
Lorox
Reglone^

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480
Reglone^

Rutabagas

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Bonanza

Gramoxone^

Rival

Treflan

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

484

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Lamb's-quarters

Mustards

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Basagran

Bonanza

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Badge

Banvel II & Mixes
Buctril M

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Badge

Banvel ll-L MCPA
Buctril M

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)

Linuron 480
Lorox (C)

Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Lorox (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Atrazine
Badge
Banvel II -f
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran
Bladex
Buctril M
Caliber 400 (FC)
Clovitox Plus (FC)
Cobotox 600 (FC)

DyVel DS
2,4-D

Embutox 625 (FC)
Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^
Laddok

Linuron 480 (FC)
Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine (FC)

MCPA K-salt (FC)

MCPA Na-salt (FC)

Mextrol

Pardner

Primextra

Princep

SEE 2,4-DB (FC)
Topside (FC)
Tropotox Plus (FC)

Atrazine
Badge
Banvel 11 -f
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran
Bladex
Buctril M
Caliber 400 (FC)

Cobutox 600 (FC)
DyVel DS
2,4-D

Embutox 625 (FC)
Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Linuron 480 (FC)

Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine (FC)

MCPA K-salt (FC)

MCPA Na-salt (FC)

Mextrol

Pardner

Primextra

SEE 2,4-DB (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Faba beans

Advance 1 0G

Basagran

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Sencor

Treflan

Basagran

Sencor

Lentils

Advance 10G
Assure II
Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Treflan

Reglone^

Sencor

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance 10G
Assure II
Basagran
Bonanza
Clovitox Plus
Edge

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine
MCPA Na-salt
Odyssey'

Pea Pack
Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Topside

Treflan

Tropotox Plus

Basagran
Clovitox Plus
Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine

MCPA Na-salt
Odyssey
Pea Pack
Pursuit

Reglone^
Sencor
Topside
Tropotox Plus

Potatoes
Irrigated (irr)

Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^

Linuron 480
Lorox

Reglone^

Sencor

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480

Lorox

Reglone^

Sencor

Rutabagas

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^
Rival 500/DF

Treflan

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

485

Other Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Night-flowering

Crop Catchfly Perennial Sow-thistle Persian Darnel

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Regions^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Bonanza Hoe-Grass 284 Rival 500/DF

Centurion Poast Ultra Select

Gramoxone^ Reglone^ Treflan

Canary Grass

Badge

Buctril M

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Badge' Mextrol'

Banvel II' Sword

Buctril M' Target'

MCPA' (all)

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)

Gramoxone^ (C) Linuron 480 (C)

(seedling only)

Bonanza (C) Hoe-Grass 284 (C) Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C) Rival 500/DF (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC|

Roundup Ready
Corn |RR)

Badge

Buctril M

Gramoxone''^

Koril

Mextrol

Pardner

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Amitrol 240 (spot) DyVel DS

Badge' Embutox 625' (FC)

Banvel II -l- Gramoxone^

2,4-D (FC) MCPA' (FC)

Buctril M' MCPA K-salt (FC)

Caliber 400' (FC) SEE 2,4-DB (FC)

Clovitox Plus' (FC) Mextrol' (per.)

Cobutox 600' (FC) Topside' (FC)

2,4-D' Tropotox Plus' (FC)

Roundup (RR)

Factor (RR)

Gramoxone^ (C)

Fababeans

Advance lOG Hoe-Grass 284 Rival

Edge Poast Ultra Treflan

Lentils

Regions^

Sencor

Glyphosate* Reglone^

(pre-harvest)

Advance 1 OG Hoe-Grass 284 Select

Bonanza Poast Ultra Treflan

Centurion Reglone^ Venture

Fusion Rival

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Gramoxone''^

Regions^

Sencor

Amitrol 240 (spot) MCPA Amine'

Clovitox Plus' MCPA Na-salt'

Glyphosate* Reglone^

(pre-harvest) Topside'

Gramoxone^ Tropotox Plus'

Advance 10G Hoe-Grass 284 Rival

Centurion Odyssey Select

Fusion Poast Ultra Treflan

Gramoxone^ Reglone^ Venture

Potatoes

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Gramoxone^ Reglone^

Linuron 480
(seedling only)

Centurion Reglone^

Gramoxone^ Select

Poast Ultra Venture

Rutabagas

Gramoxone^

Bonanza Rival 500/DF

Gramoxone^ Treflan

Tame

Buckwheat

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

486

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Prostrate Pigweed

Purslane

Quack Grass

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Advance 1 0G
Bonanza
Edge
Eptam

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Advance lOG

Basagran'

Bonanza

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Reglone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Amitrol 240
(whitebean)
Centurion
Eptam

Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Select

Canary Grass

Banvel II -f MCPA

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Lorox

Rival

Treflan (C)

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Lorox (C)

Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan

Gramoxone^ (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Banvel II -i-
2,4-D (FC)
Bladex
DyVel DS
2,4-D

Eradicane 8-E
Linuron 480
Lorox

Gramoxone^
MCPA-K (FC)
Primextra

Atrazine

Basagran

Bladex

2,4-D

Eradicane 8-E

Gramoxone^

Laddok

Linuron 480 (FC)

Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine (FC)
MCPA K-salt (FC)
MCPA Na-salt (FC)
Primextra
Princep
Simazine 80W

Accent (FC)
Amitrol 240
Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Advance 1 0G

Basagran

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Poast Ultra

Lentils

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Assure II
Centurion
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Select

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Advance 1 0G

Basagran

Edge

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine

MCPA Na-salt
Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Assure II
Centurion
Glyphosate*
(pre-harvest)
Gramoxone^

NaTA (field)
Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Select

Potatoes

Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Linuron 480

Lorox

Reglone^

Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Linuron 480

Lorox

Reglone^

Centurion
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Poast Ultra

Prism (irr)

Regions^

Select

Rutabagas

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

Poast Ultra

^ Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iQ, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

487

Other Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Redroot Pigweed

Russian Pigweed

Russian Thistle

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Advance 10G

Basagran

Bonanza

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Reglone^
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Reglone^

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Reglone^
Rival 500/DF

Canary Grass

Badge

Banvel II + MCPA
Buctril M

Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Badge
Buctril M
Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)

Linuron 480 (C)
Lorox (C)

Rival (C)
Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Rival 500/DF (C)

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Atrazine
Badge
Banvel II -i-
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran^

Bladex
Buctril M
Caliber 400 (FC)
Clovitox Plus (FC)
Cobutox 600 (FC)

DyVel DS
2,4-D

Embutox 625 (FC)
Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Linuron 480 (FC)
Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine (FC)
MCPA K-salt
MCPA Na-salt
Mextrol
Pardner
Primextra
SEE 2,4-DB (FC)
Topside (FC)
Tropotox Plus (FC)

Banvel II + 2,4-D (FC)
2,4-D

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine (FC)
MCPA K-salts (FC)
MCPA Na-salt (FC)

Badge
Banvel II -i-
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran
Bladex
Buctril M
2,4-D

DyVel DS

Gramoxone^

Koril

Laddok

Mextrol

Pardner

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Advance 1 0G
Basagran^

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Advance 1 0G

Basagran'

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Sencor'

Lentils

Advance lOG
Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Treflan

Reglone^

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance 1 0G
Basagran'
Bonanza
Clovitox Plus
Edge

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine
MCPA Na-salt
Odyssey
Pea Pack
Pursuit
Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Topside

Treflan

Tropotox Plus

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine
MCPA Na-salt
Reglone^

Advance 1 0G
Basagran
Bonanza
Edge'

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Rival

Sencor

Potatoes

Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^

Linuron 480
Lorox
Prism (irr)

Regions^

Sencor

Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Rutabagas

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^
Rival 500/DF

Treflan

Gramoxone^

Bonanza

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Tame

Buckwheat

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

488

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop Stinkweed Taitary Buckwheat Toadflax

Beans -
Dry, Snap)

Basagran Reglone^

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Badge Pardner

Banvel II -i- MCPA Sword

Buctril M Target

Mextrol

Badge Pardner

Banvel II Sword

Buctril M Target

Mextrol

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C) Linuron 480 (C)

Lorox (C)

Gramoxone^

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Badge Kohl

Banvel II + Linuron 480 (FC)

2,4-D (FC) Lorox L (FC)

Basagran MCPA Amine (FC)

Buctril M MCPA K-salt (FC)

Caliber 400 (FC) MCPA Na-salt (FC)

Clovitox Plus (FC) Mextrol

Cobutox 600’ (FC) Pardner

2,4-D SEE Butyric 480 (FC)

DyVel DS Topside (FC)

Embutox 625 (FC) Tropotox Plus (FC)

Roundup (RR)

Factor (RR)

Badge Kohl

Banvel II -t- MCPA Amine (FC)

2,4-D (FC) MCPA K-salt’ (FC)

Buctril M MCPA Na-salt’ (FC)

2,4-D’ Mextrol

DyVel OS Pardner

Gramoxone^

Fababeans

Basagran Sencor

Lentils

Reglone^

Sencor

Reglone^

Sencor

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Basagran Pea Pack

Clovitox Plus Pursuit

Gramoxone^ Reglone^

MCPA Amine Sencor

MCPA Na-salt Topside

Odyssey Tropotox Plus

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine’
MCPA Na-salt’
Reglone^
Sencor

Glyphosate*

(pre-harvest)

Potatoes

Gramoxone^ Regions^

Linuron 480 Sencor

Lorox

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Rutabagas

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

* Glyphosate based chemicals are: Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb, Touchdown iO, Vantage, Vantage Plus, Glyfos, Maverick, Renegade, Credit, Factor

489

Other Crops

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Volunteer Cereals

Volunteer Oats

Volunteer

Rapeseed

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Poast Ultra

Regions^

Select

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Hoe-Grass 284
Gramoxone^
Poast Ultra
Reglone^

Rival 500/DF

Select

Treflan

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Canary Grass

Avenge

Badge

Banvel il-i- MCPA
Buctril M
Mextrol
Sword
Target

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Gramoxone^ (C)

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)

Hoe-Grass 284 (C)
Rival 500/DF (C)

Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Eradicane 8-E
Gramoxone^

Accent (FC)
Atrazine
Eradicane 8-E

Gramoxone^
Princep
Simazine 80W

Badge
Buctril M
Clovitox Plus (FC)
DyVel DS
Gramoxone^
Mextrol
Topside (FC)
Tropotox Plus (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Edge

Poast Ultra

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra

Rival

Treflan

Lexone

Sencor

Lentils

Assure II
Centurion
Fusion
Poast Ultra

Select

Reglone^

Venture

Advance 1 OG
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion

Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Regions^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Reglone^

Sencor

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Assure II

Centurion

Edge

Fusion

Gramoxone^

Odyssey
Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Select
Venture

Advance 1 0G
Assure II
Avadex BW
Bonanza
Centurion
Edge

Fusion
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284
Odyssey
Poast Ultra
Pursuit

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Clovitox Plus

Gramoxone^

Odyssey

Pea Pack

Pursuit

Reglone^

Sencor

Topside

Tropotox Plus

Potatoes

Centurion
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Select

Venture

Centurion
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^

Hoe-Grass 284
Poast Ultra
Reglone^

Select

Venture

Gramoxone^

Reglone^

Sencor

Rutabagas

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^
Rival 500/DF

Treflan

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

Poast Ultra

Hoe-Grass 284

Suppression only

Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
Used as a crop desiccant

Herbicide Selector Chart - Other Crops

Crop

Wild Buckwheat

Wild Oats

Wild Radish

Beans -
Dry, Snap

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Gramoxone^

Reglone^
Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Bonanza

Centurion

Edge

Eptam

Hoe-Grass 284
Gramoxone^

Poast Ultra
Reglone^
Rival 500/DF
Select
Treflan

Basagran

Gramoxone^

Regions^

Canary Grass

Badge
Banvel II
Buctril M
Mextrol

Pardner

Sword

Target

Avenge

Banvel ll-i- MCPA

Carrots (C) and
Parsnips

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480 L

Lorox (C)
Rival (C)
Treflan (C)

Bonanza (C)
Gramoxone^ (C)
Hoe-Grass 284 (C)

Rival 500/DF (C)
Treflan (C)

Gramoxone^ (C)
Linuron 480

Corn

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.
Field Corn
Only (FC)

Atrazine

Badge

Banvel II (FC)
Bladex
Buctril M
Caliber 400 (FC)
Cobutox 600 (FC)
2,4-D'

DyVel DS
Embutox 625 (FC)
Gramoxone^

Kohl

Lorox L (FC)

MCPA Amine’ (FC)

MCPA K-salt’ (FC)

MCPA Na-salt’ (FC)

Mextrol

Pardner

Primextra

Princep

SEE 2,4-DB (FC)
Simazine SOW

Accent (FC)
Atrazine
Eradicane 8-E

Gramoxone^
Princep
Simazine SOW

Banvel ll-i-
2,4-D (FC)
Basagran’

Caliber 400 (FC)
Clovitox Plus’ (FC)
Cobutox 400
2,4-D

Embutox 625 (FC)

Gramoxone^

MCPA Amine (FC)
MCPA K-salt (FC)
MCPA Na-salt (FC)
SEE 2,4-DB (FC)
Topside’ (FC)
Tropotox Plus’ (FC)

Roundup Ready
Corn (RR)

Roundup (RR)
Factor (RR)

Fababeans

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Rival

Treflan

Advance 10G

Bonanza

Edge

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Rival

Treflan

Basagran

Lentils

Advance lOG

Bonanza

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Advance 1 OG
Assure II
Bonanza
Centurion
Fusion

Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra

Reglone^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Reglone^

Peas -
Field and
Processing

Check label to
ensure chosen
chemical or mix
is registered for
use on the crop.

Advance 1 0G

Bonanza

Edge

Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine’
MCPA IMa-salt’

Odyssey’

Pursuit

Reglone^

Rival

Treflan

Advance 10G
Assure II
Avadex BW
Bonanza
Centurion
Edge
Fusion
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284

Odyssey

Poast Ultra

Pursuit

Regions^

Rival

Select

Treflan

Venture

Basagran
Clovitox Plus’
Gramoxone^
MCPA Amine

MCPA Na-salt
Regions^
Topside’
Tropotox Plus’

Potatoes

Gramoxone^
Linuron 480 L

Lorox

Reglone^

Centurion
Eptam (Irish)
Gramoxone^
Hoe-Grass 284

Poast Ultra
Regions^
Select
Venture

Gramoxone^

Regions^

Rutabagas

Bonanza

Gramoxone^

Rival

Treflan

Bonanza

Eptam

Gramoxone^

Rival 500/DF
Treflan

Gramoxone^

Tame

Buckwheat

Poast Ultra

Hoe-Grass 284

' Suppression only

^ Pre-emergence to crop, post-emergent to weeds
^ Used as a crop desiccant

491

Other Crops

Insecticides

Insecticide Selector Chart

Beetles

Stored Grain
Insects

Crop

Sunflower

Blister Colorado Potato Flea Red Turnip Beetle

Flour Beetles,
Grain Beetles,
Mediterranean
Flour Moth

Barley, Oats,
Wheat

Malathion

Phostoxin

Rye

Malathion

Phostoxin

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Poncho

Malathion (FC)
Phostoxin

Alfalfa

Sevin

Dibrom Imidan

Dibrom

Clover

Sevin

Dibrom

Dibrom Sevin

Pasture

Dibrom

Canola

Counter Helix XTra’

Cymbush Lindane

Decis Malathion

Furadan Matador

Fyfanon Poncho

Gaucho 480 Prosper

Gaucho CS Ripcord

Helix’ Sevin

Furadan

Flax

Mustard

Counter Gaucho CS

Cymbush Helix’

Decis Helix XTra’

Furadan Malathion

Gaucho 480 Matador

Furadan

Sunflower

Cymbush

Decis

Endosulfan

Matador

Ripcord

Thiodan

Thionex

Sugar Beets

Dibrom

Dibrom Malathion

Fyfanon

Peas

Potato

Admire Matador

ARM Monitor

Cymbush Nufos

Decis Orthene

Dibrom Pounce

Endosulfan Pyrinex

Furadan Ripcord

Fyfanon Sevin

Genesis Sniper

Guthion Thimet

Imidan Thiodan

Lorsban Thionex

Malathion

APM Monitor

Cymbush Nufos

Decis Orthene

Dibrom Pounce

Endosulfan Pyrinex

Furadan Ripcord

Genesis Sevin

Imidan Sniper

Lannate Thimet

Lorsban Thiodan

Matador Thionex

NOTE:

Insecticides listed by trade name
’ Commercial seed treatment only

492

Insecticide Selector Chart

Butterflies & Moths

Crop

Cutworms -

Alfalfa Bertha Armyworm* or Army, Pale Western, Diamond-back

Looper Armyworms Clover Cutworm** Webworm Red-backed Moth Larvae

Barley, Oats,
Wheat

Dylox Matador

Guthion Nufos

Lannate Pyrinex

Lorsban Sevin

Malathion Sniper

Decis

Lorsban

Nufos

Pounce

(Pale Western only)
Pyrinex
Ripcord (B,W)

Rye

Dylox Nufos

Guthion Pyrinex

Lorsban Sevin

Malathion

Pounce

(Pale Western only)

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC|

Dylox

Lannate (FC)

Matador

Sevin

Lorsban

Nufos

Poncho

Pyrinex

Ripcord

Alfalfa

Dibrom

Dylox Sevin

Matador

Dylox

Sevin

Clover

Dibrom

Sevin

Pasture

Dibrom

Matador

Canola

Lannate

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Lorsban

Matador

Nufos

Pyrinex

Cymbush* Monitor*

Decis* Nufos

Lannate Pyrinex

Lorsban* Ripcord*

Dylox

Lannate

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Decis

Dylox

F^anon

Lorsban

Malathion

Nufos

Pyrinex

Flax

Dylox

Matador

Lannate* Dylox*

Decis** Lorsban*

Decis

Dylox

Decis

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Mustard

Matador

Cymbush*

Decis*

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Decis

Malathion

Sunflower

Matador

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Sugar Beets

Dibrom

Dylox

Endosulfan

Thiodan

Thionex

Lorsban

Nufos

Pounce

Pyrinex

Peas

Lannate

Potato

Dibrom

Matador

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Ripcord

NOTE:

Insecticides listed by trade name
^ Commercial seed treatment only

493

Insecticides

Insecticide Selector Chart

Butterflies b Moths

Flies

Grasshoppers

Crop

European Corn Borer* or Flax
Corn Earworm** Bollworm

Root Maggots -
Seed Corn, Wheat

Sugar Beet Midge

Clear winged. Migratory,
Two-striped

Barley, Oats,
Wheat

Matador

Cygon

Lagon

Lorsban

Nufos

Pyrinex

Cygon Malathion Pyrinex

Decis Matador Ripcord (B,W)

Furadan Nufos Sevin

Lorsban

Rye

Cygon Fyfanon Malathion

Dimethoate Guthion Sevin

ECO Bait Lagon

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Cymbush Matador

Decis* (FC) Orthene

Endosulfan Pounce (SC)

Furadan* Ripcord

Fyfanon Sevin

Lannate (SC) Thiodan**

Malathion (FC) Thionex**

Counter
DCT (SC)
Poncho

ECO Bait
Sevin

Alfalfa

Matador

APM Furadan Malathion

Cygon Fyfanon Sevin

ECO Bait Guthion Sniper

Dibrom Lagon

Clover

APM Furadan Malathion

Cygon Fyfanon Sevin

ECO Bait Guthion Sniper

Dibrom

Pasture

Matador

Cygon Furadan Matador

Decis Lagon Sevin

ECO Bait Malathion

Dibrom

Canola

Matador

Counter

(reduced feeding)

Cygon Lagon Monitor

ECO Bait Lorsban Nufos

Furadan Malathion Pyrinex

Fyfanon Matador Ripcord

Flax

Matador

Lannate

Decis Fyfanon Malathion

Mustard

Matador

Counter

(reduced feeding)

Malathion

Matador

Sunflower

Matador

Cygon Dimethoate Lagon

Sugar Beets

Counter

Furadan

Dibrom

Peas

Potato

Matador

Dibrom

NOTE:

Insecticides listed by trade name
^ Commercial seed treatment only

Insecticide Selector Chart

Plant Bugs

Mites

Sucking Insects

Crop

Alfalfa, Lygus, Stink,
Superb, Tarnished

Brown Wheat,
Two-spotted,
Winter Grain

Aphids - Corn Leaf,
Green Bug, Green
Peach, English Grain,
Pea, Russian

Potato Leafhoppers

Barley, Oats,
Wheat

Lorsban

Malathion

Pyrinex

Cygon

F\danon

Lagon

Lorsban

Malathion

Nufos

Pyrinex

Rye

Cygon

F^anon

Lagon

Malathion

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Endosulfan

Poncho

Thiodan

Thionex

Alfalfa

APM

Cygon

Decis*

Dibrom

Dylox

Endosulfan

Fyfanon

Guthion

Lagon

Malathion

Sniper

Thiodan

Guthion

Malathion

APM

Cygon

Dibrom

Endosulfan

Fyfanon

Guthion

Imidan

Lagon

Malathion

Sniper

Thiodan

Thionex

APM

Cygon

Guthion

Imidan

Malathion

Sevin

Sniper

* Seed Production Only

Clover

Cygon

Dibrom

Guthion

Malathion

Sniper

Malathion

APM

Cygon

Dibrom

Lagon

Sniper

APM

Cygon

Lagon

Sniper

Pasture

Cygon

Dibrom

Lagon

Cygon

Dibrom

Dimethoate

Lagon

Cygon

Dimethoate

Lagon

Canola

Decis

Dylox

Lorsban

Flax

Mustard

Sunflower

Sugar Beets

Dibrom

Endosulfan

Thiodan

Thionex

Peas

Cygon

Endosulfan

Lagon

Lannate

Thiodan

Thionex

Potato

APM

Cymbush

Decis

Dibrom

Endosulfan

Furadan

Guthion

Lorsban

Matador

Nufos

Orthene

Pounce

Pyrinex

Ripcord

Sniper

Thiodan

APM

Cygon

Dibrom

Furadan

Genesis

Guthion

Lannate

Lagon

Malathion

Monitor

Orthene

Sniper

Thimet

Thiodan

Thionex

Ambush

APM

Cygon

Cymbush

Decis

Endosulfa

Furadan

Fyfanon

Genesis

Guthion

Lagon

Lannate

Malathion

Matador

Monitor

Orthene

Pounce

Ripcord

Sevin

Sniper

Thimet

Thiodan

Thionex

NOTE:

Insecticides listed by trade name
' Commercial seed treatment only

495

Insecticides

Insecticide Selector Chart

Sucking Insects

" Thrips

Weevils

Wireworms

Crop

Spittlebugs

Barley, Grass,
Red Clover

Alfalfa, Sunflower,
Sweet Clover

Barley, Oats,
Wheat

Cygon

Dimethoate

Fyfanon

Lagon

Lannate

Malathion

Rye

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Poncho

Alfalfa

APM

Endosulfan

Fyfanon

Guthion

Malathion

Sniper

Thiodan

Thionex

APM Guthion

Cygon Imidan

Decis* Lagon

Dimethoate Malathion

Furadan Sevin

Fyfanon Sniper

*Seed Production Only

Clover

APM

Endosulfan

Fyfanon

Guthion

Malathion

Sniper

Thiodan

Thionex

Cygon Malathion

Dimethoate Sevin

Guthion Sniper

Lagon

Pasture

Canola

Flax

Mustard

Sunflower

Lorsban Pyrinex

Nufos

Sugar Beets

Counter

Peas

Endosulfan Thionex

Thiodan

Potato

APM

Guthion

Sniper

Thimet'

NOTE:

Insecticides listed by trade name
^ Commercial seed treatment only

496

Fungicide Selector Chart

Crop

Alternaria/
Black Spot

Blackleg

Bunt -

Stinking Smut

Crown Rust

Fusarium
Head Blight

Fusarium
Seedling Blight

Barley

Raxil FL

Wheat

Baytan 30^

Dithane M-22
Dividend XL RTA
Raxil FL
Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Bravo 500^

Dividend XL RTA
Raxil FL

Oats

Stratego

Tilt

Rye

Brome Grass

Canola

Foundation Lite
Quadris
Rovral Flo^

Foundation Lite
Helix^

Helix XTra^

Quadris

Tilt

Vitavax rs Fungicide

Flax

Mustard

Foundation Lite

Foundation Lite
Helix2
Helix XTra^

Vitavax rs Fungicide

' Except Palliser

^ Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
Sweet corn only
® Low tannin lentils only

497

Fungicide Selector Chart

Powdery Sclerotinia

Crop Leaf Rust Leaf Stripe Net Blotch Mildew Scald Stem Rot

Barley

Tilt

Baytan 30^

Vitavax Single Solution^

Baytan 30^'^

Stratego

Tilt

Vitavax Single Solution^

Tilt

Baytan 30^'^
Headline
Stratego
Tilt

Wheat

Dithane DG Rainshield NT

Headline

Stratego

Tilt

Baytan 30^
Headline
Stratego
Tilt

Oats

Rye

Headline

Brome Grass

Canola

Beni ate
Lance
Quadris
Ronilan EG
Rovral Flo

Flax

Mustard

Cucumber

Kumulus DF

Peas

Headline
Kumulus DF

Quadris

Saskatoon Berries

Kumulus DF

' Except Palliser

2 Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
^ Sweet corn only
^ Low tannin lentils only

498

Fungicide Seiector Chart

Seedling Blight

Seedling Blight Seedling Blight Seed Rot Septoria

Crop Root Rot {Pythium) {Rhizoctonia) Damping Off Leaf Blotch

Barley

Baytan 30^^

Vitavax Single Solution^

Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Stratego

Tilt

Wheat

Dividend XL RTA^

Raxil FL

Vitavax Single Solution^

Dividend XL RTA
Vitaflo 280

Vitavax Single Solution

Bravo 500

Dithane DG Rainshield NT
Dividend XL RTA
Stratego
Tilt

Oats

Vitavax Single Solution^

Vitaflo 280

Vitavax Single Solution

Stratego

Tilt

Rye

Vitavax Single Solution^

Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder

Brome Grass

Apron FL^

Canola

Apron FL^

Vitavax rs Fungicide

Foundation Lite
Vitavax rs Fungicide

Helix2
Helix XTra^
Premiere Plus
Rovral Flo
Rovral WP

Flax

N-M Drill Box

Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Mustard

Vitavax rs Fungicide

Foundation Lite
Vitavax rs Fungicide

Helix2
Helix XTra2
Thiram 75 WP

Sweet Corn

DCT

^ Except Palliser

^ Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
Sweet corn only
® Low tannin lentils only

499

Fungicide Selector Chart

Smut-

Crop Covered, Loose Stem Rust Stem Smut Stripe Rust Take All Tan Spot

Barley

Baytan 30^

Charter
Raxil FL
Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Tilt

Headline

Wheat

Baytan 30^

Charter

Dividend XL RTA
Raxil FL

Vitavax Single Solution

Stratego

Tilt

Headline

Stratego

Tilt

Baytan 30^^
Dividend XL RTA^

Bravo 500

Dithane DG Rainshield NT

Headline

Stratego

Tilt

Oats

Charter
Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Rye

Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder
Vitavax Single Solution

Brome Grass

Vitavax Powder

Canola

Flax

Mustard

' Except Palliser

^ Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
'' Sweet corn only
® Low tannin lentils only

500

Fungicide Selector Chart

Crop

Ascochyta
Leaf Blight

Blackleg

Botrytis
Vine Rot

Cercospora
Leaf Spot

Common

Scab

Early Blight

Fusarium

Decay

Late Blight

Peas

Bravo 500

Quadris

Potato

Quadris
Senator PSPT
Polyram 1 6D

Bravo 500
Ridomil Gold/
Bravo

Captan FL
Polyram 1 6D

Acrobat MZ
Bravo 500
Dithane M-22
Gavel 75 DF
Headline
Lance

Manzate 200
Polyram 1 6D
Polyram DF
Ridomil Gold/
Bravo

Ridomil Gold MZ

Senator PSPT
Manzate 200
Polyram 16D
Tuberseal

Acrobat MZ
Bravo 500
Cutzate 60 DF
Dithane M-22
Gavel 75 DF
Headline
Lance

Manzate 200
Polyram 16D
Polyram DF
Ridomil Gold/
Bravo

Ridomil Gold MZ
Tattoo C

Soybean

Tilt

Sugar Beets

Headline
Manzate 200
Mertect SC
Polyram DF

^ Except Palliser

2 Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
^ Sweet corn only
® Low tannin lentils only

501

Fungicides

Fungicide Selector Chart

Seedling Seedling Blight

Powdery Seedling Blight Blight Seed Rot Verticillium Wilt

Crop Phytophthora Mildew {Pythium) {Rhizoctonia) Root Rot Damping Off Silver Scurf

Peas

Headline
Kumulus DF

Apron FL^

Captan FL

Apron FL^
Captan FL
Thiram 75 WP

Potato

Maxim PSP

Acrobat MZ
Captan FL
Senator PSPT

Senator PSPT

Soybean

Apron FL^

Tilt

Apron FL^

Captan FL

Captan FL
Thiram 75 WP
Vitaflo 280
Vitavax Powder

Sugar Beets

Headline

Apron FL^

Captan FL

Apron FL^
Captan FL
Thiram 75 WP

^ Except Palliser

2 Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
^ Sweet corn only
® Low tannin lentils only

502

Fungicide Selector Chart

Black Downy Fusarium

Crop Anthracnose Ascochyta Scurf Blackleg Botrytis Mildew Dry Rot

Beans
(Dry, Snap)

DCT

Maxim PSP

Quadris

Tilt

Benlate
Ronilan EG
Rovral

Headline

Maxim PSP

Cole Crops:
(Broccoli,
Brussel Sprouts,
Cabbage,
Cauliflower)

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Maxim PSP

Grasses

Maxim PSP

Lentils

Bravo 500
Headline

Bravo 500
Crown
Headline
Lance

Quadris

Potato

Maxim PSP

Quadris

Maxim PSP

Safflower

Seed Alfalfa

Benlate

Sunflower

Apron FL^

’ Except Palliser

^ Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
^ Sweet com only
^ Low tannin lentils only

503

Fungicides

Fungicide Selector Chart

Silver Scurf Seedling Blight Seedling

{Helmenthosporium Seed Rot Blight Verticillium

Crop Solani) Root Rot Rust Sclerotinia Damping Off {Pythium) Wilt

Beans
(Dry, Snap)

Maxim PSP

Captan FL

Headline

Tilt

Benlate

Quadris

Rovral

Captan FL
Thiram 75 WP
Vitaflo 280

Apron FL^
DCT

Cole Crops;
(Broccoli,
Brussel Sprouts,
Cabbage,
Cauliflower)

Field Corn (FC)
Sweet Corn (SC)

Maxim PSP

Captan FL
Manzate 200

Bravo 500'*

Captan FL
Manzate 200
Thiram 75 WP (SC)
Vitaflo 280

Apron FL^

Grasses

Maxim PSP

Thiram 75 WP

Apron FL^

Lentils

Quadris

Crown

Apron FL®

Potato

Maxim PSP

Quadris

Safflower

Thiram 75 WP

Seed Alfalfa

Benlate

Apron FL^

Thiram 75 WP

Sunflower

Apron FL^

’ Except Palliser

^ Commercial seed treatment only
^ Suppression only
^ Sweet corn only
^ Low tannin lentils only

504

Pesticide Application Record

Field description:

Acres:

Crop:

Variety:

Date seeded:

Fertilizer:

Rate: Date:

Crop stage:

Scouting date:

Date results were checked:

Pest

Weed/Insect/Disease

Density

Results

Field Diagram

Species

Leaf stage/
Instar/Symptom

Patches

Low

Medium

High

Comments:

Application Information

Environment Information

Pesticide

used

Date

and

time

Rate

per

acre

Water
volume
per acre

Acres

per

tank

Pesticide
volume
per tank

Tanks

per

field

Crop

stand

Soil

moisture

Temp-

erature

Wind
speed and
direction

Lot #:

Comment!

Note: Ex. = Excellent G. = Good Fr. = Fair Pr. = Poor

505

Pesticide Application Record

Field description:

Acres:

Crop:

Variety:

Date seeded:

Fertilizer:

Rate: Date:

Crop stage:

Scouting date:

Date results were checked:

Pest

Weed/Insect/Disease

Density

Results

Field Diagram

Species

Leaf stage/
Instar/Symptom

Patches

Low

Medium

High

Comments:

Application Information

Environment Information

Pesticide

used

Date

and

time

Rate

per

acre

Water
volume
per acre

Acres

per

tank

Pesticide
volume
per tank

Tanks

per

field

Crop

stand

Soil

moisture

Temp-

erature

Wind
speed and
direction

Lot #:

Comment;

Note: Ex. = Excellent G. = Good Fr. = Fair Pr. = Poor

506

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Establishing Native Plant Communities

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BHow Herbicides Work

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