Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Presented to the R. Swedish Academy of Sciences May 10, 1893

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CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

THIS BOOK IS THE GIFT OF

Joun P. Youne

“Ta

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000639850

KONGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Bandet 26. N:o 2.

SYNOPSIS

OF

THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS

BY
Pp. T. CLEVE.

PART I.

WITH 5 PLATES.

PRESENTED TO THE R. SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MAY 10, 1893.

STOCKHOLM 1894.

KUNGL. BOKTRYCKERIET. P. A. NORSTEDT & SONER.
ae

aN 4 a

INTRODUCTION.

In scarcely any department of natural history is the synonymy so intricate as in that of
the Diatomacee. An enormous number of names has been given to forms, frequently very incom-
pletely described, or not at all, and often inaccurately figured. Moreover the literature is scattered
throughout papers and periodicals, in many different languages, some of which are of very diffi-
cult access. These circumstances, together with the necessity of using the most excellent and
powerful lenses, make the study of the diatoms a difficult one. But that study is of considerable
importance. These small organisms form a peculiar class of highly developed unicellular alge, the
structural investigation of which may bring to light facts of much interest. Their silicious shells
are very persistent and occur in a fossil state in strata of clays, marls, limestone etc., belonging
to different geological epochs, especially the tertiary and post-tertiary, and may become of great
value in geological researches, as certain indications of the nature of the water in which the sedi-
ments were deposited. When carefully studied the fossil diatoms will surely hecome as important
as the fossil shells. Such considerations induced me six years ago to subject the Diatomacez to a
critical examination, with the principal objects of getting rid of the heavy burden of names of slight
or obscure import, of limiting as concisely as possible the genera or groups, species and varieties, and
of classing them according to their natural relations. Every one who knows the amount of lite-
rature in the diatomology must be aware that such an enterprise would occupy an ordinary life
time, or at any rate a large part of it. It was therefore necessary to limit the work to some di-
vision of the diatoms. The large and beautiful discoid forms have attracted many workers, and
have been described in numerous monographs; but less interest has been bestowed on the Raphidiez,
which are of more importance in the geological researches of my country. I have, then, preferred to
limit my present work to the Raphidiez which are characterised by the presence of a median line,
a feature of their valves which must be of great importance, to judge from its constant occurrence
in this tribe.

For the complete knowledge of these diatoms it would have been desirable to study them
in the living state, and complete the splendid work in this direction begun by Prirzzr; but I had
very little time for such researches, the examination of many thousand slides, and drawings of almost
all the forms having occupied me principally, and prevented me from a more extensive study of the
living forms. My principal object was to construct a solid basis for farther researches in different
directions, and in my opinion the first thing to be done was to systematize the nomenclature so as
to make it possible to recognize the forms registered in the science. In the following synopsis I
have endeavoured to give as exact diagnoses as possible of all forms, belonging to the tribe Ra-
phidiee, not omitting any one described or figured heretofore in a manner to be recognized. I there-
fore propose that all names,:not mentioned here, may be dropped in oblivion. To give a list of
all those names of doubtful or obscure signification would be a very fruitless work, but if any of
my readers desires to search for such, he will find them set forth in the catalogues of Haprrsuaw
and of CHasE or in the large work recently published by De Toni (Sylloge algarum Vol. II. Ba-
cillariewe Sect. I Raphidiez) in which he has given diagnoses of or at least mentioned all the pu-
blished forms. In the last named work also a very valuable list is supplied of publications on the
diatoms, prepared by Dzsy, which relieves me from the necessity of giving such a list here.

4 yp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

In carrying out this work I have been kindly assisted by several diatomists, who sent me
for examination slides from their collections. Among them I name with recognition Prof. J. Brun,
Mr Kinxer, Mr. Lz-Tournevr, Mr. J. D. Métuer, Mr. P. Perrr, Dr. Raz, Mr. Tuum, Mr. E. Wetssrtoe,
Prof. Van Heurck and Mr. Warp. I am indebted to Mr. Jutren Desy, who sent from his gigantic
collection everything of interest to me, and to Mr. E. Grove, who not only sent me a large num-
ber of slides, but also took the trouble of revising the manuscript and the proofs. Materials from
different parts of the world have been sent by Dr. Aurivititus (from Java), Mr. Beppoms (from
Tasmania), Mr. Dustn (from Cameroon), Captain G. C. Eckman (marine mud from the Atlantic and
Mediterranean), Prof. Laceruerm (from Ecuador) and Dr. Norsrepr (from Australia, New Zealand
etc.). To Mr. Comsrr I am indebted for many fine photographs of several forms of interesting struc-
ture. To all these gentlemen I give my best thanks.

On the value of the characteristics.

It may be stated as an axiom that those characteristics are of the greatest importance which
occur in the greatest number of forms, and on the other hand that the characteristics which occur
in some, but not in all, of a number of forms otherwise nearly related are of less importance. The
older authors as a rule attached but little importance to the more constant characteristics, but on
the contrary gave much attention to trifling differences, because the latter are frequently more
conspicuous than the former. They founded not only species but genera and divisions on charac-
teristics, which were actually subject to variation in species otherwise identical. I will in the
following pages treat of all characteristics which have been used for the description of species and
genera.

Habit of life and growth. Most diatoms live in a free state, floating in the water, but many
are attached to solid bodies in the water, some are stipitate on gelatinous stalks, and others enclosed
in gelatinous tubes or masses of different shape and consistence. A careful examination shews that
many of the attached or enclosed forms also occur in a free state; and that there are frequently
very slight differences between species, which live attached or enclosed, and others which never
occur in such a state. On the other hand forms, which are stipitate, or enclosed in tubes, belong
to the most different types. For these reasons I regard as a characteristic of very little im-
portance the mode of occurrence in free or attached state. At least, genera and species should
not be founded on such characteristics alone. Genera, such as Schizonema, Endostauron, Endosigma,
Encyonema, Cocconema, are in my opinion not acceptable. !

Size. The limits of the dimensions of the forms of each species are in most cases pretty
definite, the larger forms of each species being as a rule twice as large as the smallest. Still, in
some cases the variability is more extensive and the followings may be cited as species in which
the dimensions of the forms are subject to very considerable variation: Amphora ovalis, Achnanthes
brevipes, Pinnularia viridis. ,

Form of the frustule. Most frustules of the Raphidiez are straight, and nearly symmetrical,
with the longitudinal and transverse axes, but a great number of forms are in some or other
respects asymmetrical. A flexure of the frustule along the longitudinal, or the transverse axis,
occur in the old genera Cocconeis and Achnanthes which have been distinguished hitherto principally
by this characteristic. As to Cocconeis it seems probable that the flexure may be derived from the

' The gelatinous substance of the stipes of Achnantes longipes is intensely stained by hematoxyline, and no con-
tinuation of the substance of the stipes is visible in the interior of the frustule. On the other hand the stipes is not stained
by Congo-red, methyle-green, eosine, and metbyléne-blue. The gelatinous tubes of Navicula (Schizonema) mollis are stained
by hematoxyline, fuchsine, methyle-green and saffranine, but not by eosine. The tubes of Amphipleura (Berkelya) Dillwynii
are stained by hematoxyline and methyle-green, but not by Congo-red. The gelatinous envelopes of Mastologia are stained
by methyle-green, fuchsine and saffranine, but not by eosine and Congo-red.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:0 2. 5

form of the objects, to which these forms are attached by the lower valve, and in Achnanthes there
are several forms, which owing to other important characteristics must be placed in this genus,
although they are not at all genuflexed. Moreover genuflexed species occur in groups of allied
forms the greater number of which are straight, for instance in the Navicule lineolate, Nav. mi-
crostigmatice, Gyrosigma, Pleurosigma, and in some species the degree of flexure seems to be subject
to variation (for instance in Gyrosigma arcticum). The geniculated flexure is thus no generic cha-
racteristic, though in most cases of specific value.

Zone. ‘The zone in the Raphidiew is in most cases simple, that is without longitudinal di-
visions, but in many Amphore, in Amphiprora and in the group Libellus of the Navicule microstig-
matice it is complex. This characteristic appears to be subject to very little variation and to be of
importance in the limitation of genera. There are however in some cases small variations. The
zone of Amphora commutata seems in some varieties to have, and in others not to have, faint divi-
sions. Amphora robusta has usually no divisions, but in a variety from California there are longi-
tudinal rows of alveoli on the zone. In the Nactude microstigmatice also, some allied forms have
divisions and others are without them. Still we may consider the complexity of the zone as an
important characteristic.

Outline of the valves. The outline of the valves of the naviculoid diatoms is very variable,
presenting every intermediate passage from narrow linear to almost orbicular. The valves are
non-constricted, constricted, or biconstricted, and, occasionally, some forms have 3 or 4 constrictions.
Sometimes the valve is sigmoid.

The following schematic figures will illustrate the meaning of the terms used in my de-

(JOQU8E
BGG) |

Outline of the valves. Fig. 1 —_ 2 ode 3 se ee i Rectangular, 5—8 Panduriform with deltvid, sub-
elliptical, tongue-shaped and broadly rounded segments, 9 Elliptical, 10 Sigmoid, 11 Cymbiform, 12 Lunate, 13 Clavate.

The ends of the valves also have a great variety of shapes, as

JOVEN CVENET

Ends of the valves. 1 Acuminate, 2 Apiculate, 3 Rostrate, 4 Capitate, 5 Truncate (subrostrate), 6 Cuneate, 7 Rounded obtuse,
8 Obliquely or unilaterally rounded.

The constancy of the outline is very different in different cases. Some species seem to be
very constant in shape, as Diploneis elliptica, many species of Pinnularia, Cocconeis and Amphora.

6 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

But in other cases the form is subject to much change as, for instance, in Navicula mutica. The
shape of the ends is frequently not constant, as in the genus Neidium, Navicula viridula, and others.
In the same natural group of diatoms both the outline and the ends are frequently subject to much
variation. I therefore conclude that though the shape of the valve may be of service to some
extent as a specific distinction, it is of no real importance in limiting or defining genera.

On the sigmoid flexure of the valves have been founded the genera Pleurosigma and Scolio-
pleura. This characteristic is subject to great variation in Plewrosigma, some forms of which are
almost straight. On the other hand widely ‘different forms of other genera are sigmoid, as Navicula
Raeana, Navicula Sigma, Caloneis stauwrophora. I have occasionally seen a sigmoid valve of Frus-
tulia Lewisiana and one of Navicula cincta var. Heufleri. The sigmoid flexure of the valve can
only be regarded as a specific characteristic.

The symmetry or asymmetry of the valve has been considered by Herpere, Prirzer and others
as of great importance in the formation of families. But this can hardly be maintained, since we
meet with forms both symmetrical and asymmetrical in the same species, as for instance Trachy-
neis apera, Frustulia vulgaris and others; and there are asymmetrical species closely allied to sym-
metrical in the section Navicule lineolate, Pinnularia, Caloneis and others. The degree of asym-
metry is also variable. This tends to shew that asymmetrical forms are derived from symme-
trical and vice versa, and that in a natural system they cannot be placed in different families.
As a generic distinction it may, when combined with other characteristics, be of value in cer-
tain cases.

A median constriction of the valve has been usually considered as an important character-
istic, but it is not so, panduriform species being closely connected with others which are not at all
constricted. Dictyoneis marginata, for instance, is usually deeply constricted, but varieties exist
connecting this species with the non-constricted D. Thumii, which may therefore be considered as
its variety. In the genus Diploneis very closely connected, constricted, and non-constricted forms
exist. Diploneis didyma is usually panduriform, but in slightly brackish water the constriction
becomes less distinct and, finally, not perceptible. We conclude thus that the outline of the valve
in this respect is too variable to furnish generic distinctions, though in many cases, when constant,
it may be a valuable specific characteristic.

Central nodule. The central nodule constitutes a more or less conical, interior silicious mass
in the centre of the valve. In many cases it expands laterally into a stauros, and on this charac-
teristic has been founded the genus Stauroneis. It is to be remarked that a stauroid nodule occurs
in widely different forms, and that some really allied forms scarcely differ otherwise than in the
presence or absence of a stauros. In such cases the stauros cannot be used as a generic distinc-
tion. As a specific characteristic it is in most cases very valuable, as it is very constant in the
same species.

The central nodule extends not only transversely, but is in many cases prolonged into horns,
as in Diploneis, in which they closely follow the median line. In other cases, as is Dictyoneis,
larger forms of Stauroneis, Frustulia, the median line is enclosed between silicious ribs, in the
middle frequently fused together with the central nodule, which thus seems to be elongated. The
prolongation of the central nodule in such a manner reaches its maximum in Amphipleura, where
the »forks» represent the horns of Diploneis. In the section Navicule lyrate the horns are distant
from the median line and developed into the lyriform markings, or large lateral, lunate areas,
characterizing this section. The characteristics of the central nodule are subject to only slight
variation and are therefore of importance. ;

Median line. The median line is in all probability a fissure of more or less complicated
structure, and seems to afford valuable characteristics. In most of the Mastogloie it is undulating,
also in Navicula plicatula. In Pleurosigma, Gyrosigma, and others, it is more or less sigmoid, but
this characteristic, though valuable specifically, is not of sufficient constancy to afford generic dis-
tinction, sigmoid median lines occurring in forms nearly akin to others with straight median lines,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 7

as for instance Navicula Raeana and Nav. Yarrensis, Nav. tumida and Nav. plicata, Navicula
Sigma and Nav. superimposita, Cocconeis heteropleura and C. pellucida.

The direction of the terminal fissures in most Naviculee is the same in both extremities,
but there are forms in which they are disposed in contrary directions. The latter characteristic
on which Grounow was inclined to found a separate genus, Pscudopleurosigma, occurs in widely
different groups, and it would not be in accordance with a natural system to class in one genus
all forms with the terminal fissures in contrary directions. Such forms are frequently allied to
others with the fissures in the same direction. On the other hand as a specific characteristic it
seems to be of very great value.

Areas, or structureless parts of the valve, occur usually along the median line and around
the central nodule. I call these areas azial and central areas. There are also, sometimes, lateral
areas, or blank spaces on both sides of the median line, separated from the latter by a striated
portion. The form, the presence, or absence, of such areas is in most cases a valuable specific
characteristic, and, frequently, a useful distinction in groups of allied forms.

Longitudinal lines. In a great number of forms there occur lines, parallel to the median
line, in some cases- dilated into longitudinal bands or lateral areas, limiting an interior elevated
or depressed portion. Although such longitudinal lines or lateral areas occur in certain groups of
forms most of which are devoid of them, as in the Navicule lineolate, and in the whole group of the
Navicule lyrate, they are nevertheless in my opinion of great systematic importance. In the Navicule
lyrate the longitudinal lines or lateral areas are expansions of the central nodule, corresponding with
the »horns» of Diploneis. In other cases they are merely non-striate portions of the valve, but in
Amphiprora, Diploneis, Caloneis they are of a different nature. In Amphiprora they mark the limit
between the elevated interior and the flatter exterior parts, which frequently have a different struc-
ture. They appear to be of the same nature in Caloneis. In Diploneis they limit a depressed
portion, and the same is the case in several groups of Amphora, in which they are freqently so
placed as to be distinctly seen only in favourable positions of the valve. In several cases the
longitudinal lines are double. In Déiploneis I call the space between the median line and the in-
terior longitudinal line the furrow, and the space between two longitudinal lines the lunula. The
presence, or absence of longitudinal lines appears to me to be of very great importance in the con-
struction of genera. ;

Structure of the valve. The valves of the naviculoid diatoms vary greatly in structure. In
most cases the valves are decorated with small or large puncta, disposed in different manners.
At present it seems to be generally admitted that these puncta are small cavities in the silicious
mass of the valve. They are rarely scattered irregularly, but are usually arranged in transverse
rows, more or less radiate or parallel, called strie. The puncta are also so arranged as to form
straight, or undulating, longitudinal rows, parallel to the median line, or decussating straight, or
curved, rows as in Plewrosigma and others. When the puncta are large they are called alveoli
and have the appearance of more or less quadrate spaces, as in several forms of Diploneis and Am-
phora. The silicious mass enclosing the alveoli in such cases has a reticulated appearance. I call
these siliceous walls of tbe alveoli, if forming continuous silicious ribs, coste. The strong, trans-
verse silicious ribs of Duploneis Crabro are such coste. The alveoli or puncta are frequently united,
as in Pinnularia, Caloneis etc. In such cases the strie appear to be channels, communicating with
the interior, in the larger Pinnularie, by a larger foramen or ocellus. The outside part of the
valve consists in several cases of a thin, minutely punctate stratum, usually seen only with difficulty.
In a variety of Diploneis splendida, called Dip. diplosticta, there is such a finely punctate stratum
outside the layer of alveoli. In the genus Dictyoneis it is also visible, the minute puncta forming
transverse, and at the same time obliquely decussating striz. This is also the case with the genus
Trachyneis, where the fine puncta form longitudinal or somewhat oblique lines. In the group Navi-
cule lineolate the transverse striz are crossed by fine lines, which appear to be formed by closely
crowded alveoli, as transitions exist from strie of this nature to strive composed of distinct

8 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

puncta. In many forms there is an interior stratum, which may be isolated from the alveolar
network. It is frequently found in preparations of Trachyneis Debyi and allied forms, and has
been figured in A. Scummpts Atlas Pl. KLVIII f. 23. Also in Navicula distans this interior stra-
tum occurs frequently in an isolated form.

In the most complicated cases, as in Trachyneis, we may distinguish three different
strata, thus

1. The porous or ocelliferous interior stratum.

2. The alveolar stratum of reticulating coste.

3. The exterior, minutely punctate stratum.

The structure of the valves presents characteristics which are of great importance for dis-
tinction both of species and genera. The coarseness of the structure may vary in the same species,
though in most cases such variation is less than is usually believed. The direction of the strix,
the arrangement of their puncta, are characteristics subject to only very slight variation in the
same species and in groups of allied forms.

Cell-contents. As is well known, the chromatophores of the diatoms present a great varia-
tion in different tribes, consisting in some of numerous granules, in others of one or two plates.
To the latter type belong almost all the naviculoid diatoms, which have either one or two chromato-
phore-plates. The position and the form of these plates appear to be constant for groups of
allied species, as is proved by the excellent researches of Prirzer. But the cell-contents are
known only in a very limited number of forms, and the characteristics dependent on the cell-
contents are, for the greatest number of forms, yet to be studied. The same is also the case
with the reproduction by means of auxospores, and the characteristics, derived from the living
cell, cannot for the present be used in the systematic arrangement of species, as they are too
little known.

The characteristics derived from the structure of the valve are of the greatest im-
portance in the definition of genera and families, and next to those, in my opinion, are the
presence or absence of longitudinal lines, and the nature of the non-striate parts of the valve,
or the areas.

An ideal system should take in consideration the evolution of the different forms, but in
the present fragmentary state of our knowledge, such consideration cannot be more than an ap-
proximation wich may become closer to the truth as our knowledge of the forms becomes more
extensive and perfect, The question which of the groups of forms are the highest and lowest may
be answered by considering as the lowest those in which the characteristics are the least developed,
and as the highest those in which the characteristics have attained their greatest evolution. But
a greater development in one direction usually involves the slighter development, or oblitera-
tion, of other characteristics, so that one group may be the highest in some respects, and
another in others. The changes of the organisms do not always indicate progress, but are
frequently retrograde, especially where the mode of life has become parasitical. A natural
system must consequently take account not only of the upward evolution, but also of the
downward.

As the known diatoms probably represent merely a fraction of those, which exist and
have existed, it will be necessary in constructing a natural system to fill the gaps with con-
jectures.

There can be no doubt that the naviculoid diatoms are most nearly connected with the Nitz-
chiee among the diatoms without median line. The genera Tropidoncis and Amphiprora are very
closely allied to several forms of Nétechia. We meet in that genus with the carinated asymmet-
rical valves and the wing of Zropidoneis, also the complex zone and the carinal puncta of Amphi-
prora. In constructing a natural system then we may arrange the genera and groups in order of
their relationship to the two genera above mentioned, and the following scheme shews how I sup-
pose the different groups of the naviculoid forms to be related.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 26. w:o 2. 9

Nav. lineolate (10).

: ‘ Amphiprora (2) Auricula.
1. soN pee
itzchiee { Nav. lyrate (12).

Tropidoneis (4). 9. Navicule |

. Dictyoneis .. Mastoneis. te Nav. heterostiche .... Actinoneis.
2. Amphiprora .... Seoliotropis .... Gomphoneis. ea | ..., Achnanthidium.
. Pleurosigma (3), Toxonidea. . Disconeis.
Pleurosigma .... Navicule Decussate . . : Anomoeoneis. Cymbella.
4. Trovi ; (nes fusiformes (5). 10. Navicule li- } Gomphonema, Rhoicosphenia.
. Tropidoneis 3 . : i
Navicule microstigmatice (7). neolate Trachyneis.
Navicule othosticha. Nay. levistriate (11).
A.) Nawieulee tae Gyrosigma. 11. Navivaleie- Pinnularia.
ce a Frustulia (6). vistviates Cymbamphora.
: Cistula. Archeamphora.
Stenoneis. 12. Navicule ly- { Diploneis (18).
‘ Amphipleura. rate Pseudo-amphiprora (14).
6: Brogtalia Vee Amphora.. Diplamphora.
Nav. minuscule .... Microneis. | Cymatoneis.
Nav. decipientes (8). 13. Diploneis Scoliopleura.
Nev. punctate (9). hoe nicobarice.
eee Anorthoneis. Nav. luxuriose.
: : ; Eucocconeis. 14. Pseudo-am- { Caloneis .... Neidium.
prceueniance Halamphora. phiprora ee . Calamphora.
Oxyamphora. 1b ae . Achnanthes .... Pleuroneis.
Amblyamphora. : . Mastogloia.
Paammamphora. 16, Mustowleia { Goceensts,
Nav. bacillares. Campyloneis.

8. Navicule de-]} Nav. entoleiz.
cipientes Nav. mesoleiz.
. Heteroneis.

Tropidoneis comprises both symmetrical not-winged and asymmetrical winged forms. The
former appear to be related to the Navicule microstigmatice and Nav. fusiformes. As asymmetrical
forms of the Nav. microstigmatice are to be considered the following sections of the old genus Amphora:
Oxyamphora, Amblyamphora, Psammamphora probably also Halamphora. Anorthoneis is probably
an asymmetrical form of Nav. microstigmatice. The Nav. minuscule, of which Microneis and
Eucoceoneis appear to comprise degenerating forms, are probably also allies of Nav. microstigmatice,
To the last named large section the Nav. decipientes, Nav. entoleie and Nav. mesoleie are certainly
akin. Heteroneis may comprise degenerating forms allied to the same group.

From the Nav. microstigmatice the passage is gradual to the Nav. punctate and Naw. heterostiche
and the former section is very closely connected with the Nav. lyrate. As degenerating forms are
perhaps to be regarded Disconeis and Achnanthidium. Also some asymmetrical forms exist in
the section Nav. punctate. Some Cymbelle represent very likely asymmetrical forms of Nav.
punctate.

The Navicule Lyrate are by intermediate forms connected with Diploneis. Akin to the
Nav. lyrate I also consider Pseudo-amphiprora. The new groups Amphora and Diplamphora,
broken out from the old genus Amphora, may be regarded as asymmetrical forms of Diploneis.

Pseudo-amphiprora is connected by intermediate forms with Caloneis, to which also Neidium
seems to be allied.

The Nav. lineolate pass over to the group Punctate by transitional forms, and the former
are also akin to Trachyneis (with the asymmetrical form Amphora Clevei). A part of the Cymbelle,
Gomphonema, Rhoicosphenia and Amphora labuensis may be considered as asymmetrical forms of
the Nav. lineolate. Degenerated forms of the Nav. lineolate are probably to be found in Actinonezrs.
— On the other hand the Nav. lineolate are closely connected with the Nar. levistriate, and those
with Pinnularia, and I consider, with much hesitation, Cymbamphora as asymmetrical forms of the
Nav. levistriate.

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. N:o 2. 2

10 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS. 5

I have no decided opinion as to the distantly related genera Pleuroners and Achnanthes
(sensu stricto). They seem in some way to be akin to the peculiar Allotoneis Castracanei Pantoc.,
which I know only from the figures. The structure resembles that of Mastogloia Greville. It
may be possible that Alloioneis Castracanei connects Achnanthes and Mastogloia. The latter genus
comprises forms with very different structure, which in some cases resembles that of the Nav. ortho-
stiche in others that of the Nav. decussate and Pleurosigma. Some forms of Mastogloia have the
central nodule dilated into horns or connected with lateral areas as in the Nav. lyrate. It might
therefore be said that the Mastogloie belong to different types, but to prove this is not possible,

It is not easy to find in a natural system the place a form occupies, as the most important
characteristics are usually the least striking. For practical purposes it is necessary to have an
artificial classification in order to identify rapidly an unknown form, but it is by no means an
easy task to construct an artificial key of such numerous and variable forms as the naviculoid
diatoms. Still I have tried to compile an artificial key, which, however little rigorous it may be,
will still be useful.

Artificial key of the groups and genera of naviculoid diatoms.

L yee valves similar . Boao eR. Metab lose ble ey ay oe ds 2.
— dissimilar. ... . ‘ ; . Achnanthee.
9. aorta with a loculiferous rim : hee (Sh? SYS Mastogloia.
without -— _ a? of : feege Be
3. a symmetrical or almost so : ‘ ; : : 4.
asymmetrical — Be Saad sande ALG , . 88
4. Ce Valves with longitudinal lines . ‘ Os ‘ 5.
without — —_— : ce i> ag-aas Sintstenaike ait ee AAS Se 13.
5. es line sigmoid . . bok Brien os i, ie B-3> ode 2-6 6.
: — — straight ... ula li. eee! OBE
6. j Axial part of the valve elevated into a keel ‘ be ee Amphiprora.
\ — — not — _ ‘ ee re ae aon
7. pee Structure double eet tka ste «@ fh. fise atv Serta . Scoltotropis.
simple . : - Scoliopleura.}
8. joetra nodule with horns, enclosing the median line .. « Diploneis.
— without — — —_ : be be ti : 9.
9, eee nodule stauroid . .... .. . : ; we g lO;
not — . : ue dis é ae fe cate tt, GN : 11.
10. psi distinctly punctate . : ee ee See ea Pseudo-amphiprora.
—not — — 3 . . . Calonets (partim).
1. aie distinctly punctate ; 5 ee ee eC
—not — _ sions : ae oe use Galansis (partim). ?
12. ee Valve with elevated ridges . ... see we Cymatoneis.
without — re . Neidium.
13. oe Structure double SA aol ; : A ‘ to See TAR
simples 5 Se AGA a Oe 3% 5 we. ga se. Tecate dip Ge SAGE
14. { Interior stratum with transverse coste ....... : Mastoneis.
— — reticulate — a a SS ee om ABS
15. yee of rounded meshes . . gly ce BR Oleg .. . . Dictyoneis.
rhomboid or rectangular — ‘ i Trachyneis.
16. — apparently smooth . i eae : o 3 fo ct aates beds
distinctly punctate or lineate . ; ‘ Bh eee 18.
17. a more or less linear . : ? Soe. Ra ay Pinnularia.
lanceolate . ¥ ‘ ‘ eb . . Nav. levistriate.
18. ee line ‘siete ee os ‘ 3 uh , 19.
— nt — ..... : See fos he j : : . 20.
19 | Strie decussating. . ..... + Bosse, ak : . . Pleurosigma.
z — transverse and longitudinal . sey ; : . Gyrosigma.

1 Caloneis staurophora. — ? Nav. luxuriantes, Nav. nicobarice.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 11

20. ie with lateral areas uniting with the central area Nav. lyratee (Anomoeconeis partim).
without = — _ — i oye ee 2
21. poe paige in decussating rows . Boe Naw: Tecuantes (Ancmucsnets partim).
transverse strie . . , 7 . 22,
99. ‘i Strie oe and transversely lineate . : ‘ a ae ee as
punctate -- _— alas e 8 ; : . . 24.
93, oe nodule elongated... ... wees Oe Gaated. Brebissonia.
not —_— A ar 9 .. Nav. lineolate.
24. cae i a in Tonetenateal, ataat ‘eraiehi rows... Oe br en MOOS
_ = undulating rows ‘ ep ade Sawa: ¢ “ba ga! 228K
2. — ties between siliceous ribs . ... se 26,
— not — _ _— ; Kaw. eirhaatichcn (Nav. fusiformes partim).
26. eee COATSE! 45. Wahi ged OBR Gee ee Ge GA, a Ae ae ae ee a Cistula.
PIMOS: eine Siete Ste eee a de Oe ae a es Ave he
[eats nodule uniting with the ribs in a very Seaeatal axial costa .. Amphipleura.
27. 4 Central nodule not uniting with the ribs or uniting for a short way only. . Frustulia
| (Nav. orthostiche partim).
98. ae distinctly punctate Boa aie eh say eas bee die euteit) Sela 298
indistinctly or very finely punctate Sd are ede AR Ry gto as Sater SS aerepe ge Oat SEL Gk ar. 32.
29. ee COOTSE: a a Sai ce. te) a els -. . . Nav. punctate.
small eo ual ee be eB ee 30.
30. ba eta strie of unequal length oe 3 ti . Nav. heterostiche.
equal _— j acy Ge oe 31.
Valve very convex, and carinated . be ye Tropidoneis.
31. {va slightly convex not carinated .. . ‘Hai mienosigwncians (Nav. mesoleie and
Nav. entoleie partim).
39. agers nodules incrassate or transversely dilated eke Lib ay Nav. bacillares.
not — — _ tae dhe 33.
38. oe strie more distant than the others Nav. deepiontes (Mar microstigmatice partim).
— not _— — cp hye ait dth we ge OAR
Axial area more or less lanceolate .........4.. oe ee Nav. entoleie.!
3d.
{ indistinct ... yee 2 dlears ee sous 7D,
35, [cent area large. . be de sas : Be Bs 36.
indistinct. . ae : i Sei 48 : 37.
Central area a transverse fascia 3 Stenoneis.
a6 { quadrate or rounded . : New enables t Acionveeaiiets partim).
ae membranaceous forms. ..... #.«....4. et ax Nav. minuscule.
ae — _ — . .. . Nav. fusiformes (Nav. microstigmatice partim).
38, Valve clavate ; aero ee mm aH 39.
\ — not — : ‘ 5-5 40.
Structure: transverse strie or rows of puncta . . Gomphonema.
ah { _ costz, alternating with double rows of puncta Gomphoneis.
disevaaws decussating rows of minute puncta . . om & Toxonidea.
sci ‘ess transverse strig or rows of puncta ; : 41.
Valve not strongly asymmetrical nt Cymbella (Tropidoneis, Trachyneis,
41. Nav. punctate partim).
Loe strongly asymmetrical . 42.
Median line on an elevated keel . . Auricula.?
a { not. _ — ae bath geauee : . Amphora.

Habitat and geographical distribution of diatoms.

A knowledge of the habitat and the geographical distribution of the diatomacee is of great
importance, especially for geological researches. Fossil diatoms occur doubtless more frequently
in geological strata than is usually believed, and may furnish the geologist with valuable evidence
about the qualities of the water in which the sediments were deposited, whether fresh, brackish or

1 Navicula americana. — ? Tropidoneis partim and Amphora Schmidtii.

12 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

strongly saline, and, in the latter case, whether the sea was tropical, temperate or arctic. There
are also reasons to believe that the accurate investigation of the geographical distribution of the
freshwater-forms will enable the geologist to ascertain the climate of the periods, when the fresh-
water deposits were formed.

Considerations of that nature have induced me to pay much attention to the geographical
distribution of the Diatomacee. In the abundant literature upon the subject we find many lists
of diatoms ocurring in certain seas, countries, and deposits, but I have intentionally made very
little use of them, not being satisfied as to the accuracy of the determinations or limitations of
species by the various authors. I have besides had sad experience how easily one may be deceived
by slides of materials the loaclities of which are incorrectly named and which durnig the preparation
have not been kept rigorously isolated from other materials. For such reasons I have relied mainly
on my own observations only, though I still feel there may be among them some errors as to the
localities, arising from the latter cause, as I had no opportunity of controlling the mode in which
every slide, examined by me, had been prepared.

Many diatoms are cosmopolitan, occurring in all parts of the world, but there are on the
other hand many species, genera and groups which occur only in certain seas and climates. The
arctic sea has its characteristic form of Triceratium arcticwm (or Biddulphia Balena), Campylodi-
seus Helianthus and others. There are numerous common atlantic species which have never been
found in the Arctic Sea. The tropical seas have their own peculiar species, not found in the At-
lantic or in the arctic sea. The same is the case with several freshwater-forms. Navicula (Dia-
desmis) confervacca, Achnanthes inflata, Cerataulus levis occur in tropical or subtropical countries
throughout the whole globe. Of Tabellaria flocculosa, one of the most frequent diatoms of Europe,
not a trace has been found either in South America from Ecuador to Argentina or in Australia
or New Zealand. Gomphonema geminatum, of frequent occurence in Scandinavia, Gt. Britain, and
the Alps, does not live in the main-land of Europe. The same is the case with Tetracyclus,
Diatomella Balfouriana and others. Stauroneis Fulmen and St. Frauenfcldiana are peculiar
to the Australian region. I could easily multiply these examples, but they are enough
to show that the study of the geographical distribution of the diatoms offers many points
of interest.

I have examined a large number of samples of silurian clays and limestones, rhetic and
cretaceous rocks of Sweden, but I never found in them a trace of a diatom. I have also searched
for diatoms in the eocene and oligocene strata of Paris, but hitherto in vain, though I think
it probable that they may yet be found there, as diatoms are found in the London clay of
Sheppey. On the other hand fossil diatoms are very frequent in strata of the tertiary period
in Barbados, Trinidad, New Zealand, Hungary, Japan, Denmark, etc. as is well known to every
diatomist. If it be true, as PanrocszxK believes, that the deposit of Kusnetzk belongs to the Trias,
this is the oldest known diatomiferous rock, as the statement by CastTracane that diatoms occur in
the carboniferous system has never been verified.

Some of the postglacial strata of Sweden are very rich in diatoms, and I have examined a
considerable number of them. Among them the glacial clay and glacial marl have constantly been
found by me free from diatoms, probably because the water, in which these deposits were formed,
was too turbid for their growth. The strata, formed later than these, usually contain diatoms of
both brackish and fresh-water habitat. The brackish-water-diatoms of the ancient baltic deposits
comprise forms occuring in the present time in the southern part of the Baltic, as Rhabdonema
arcuatum and Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, both characteristic fossils of the Litorina-epoch. The
freshwater-species found in the Swedish post-glacial deposits are still living, but there are among
them several peculiar species, not hitherto found in the southern or median part of the country, as
Pinnularia cardinalis, Navicula amphibola, Nav. Semen, Anomoeoneis serians and others. Of
interest is the occurrence of Terpsinoe americana, now extinct in Europe (or at least in
northern Europe), in brackish or slightly brackish deposits of the Litorina-epoch. I have

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 13

noticed this species in deposits from Warnemiinde in Germany and from the eastern Smaland
in Sweden.

The microscopical examination of the pre- and inter-glacial deposits of northern Germany
and Denmark have furnished evidence that these strata were formed in inlets from the North Sea
and not from the Arctic Sea.

All these facts prove of what importance the study of fossil diatomaceze is becoming to
Geologists.

Amphiprora Exp. (1843).

Valve lanceolate, acute, convex. Axial part of the valve elevated into a sigmoid keel, usually
separated from the lower part by a line of junction. Axial area indistinct. Central area small
or none. Structure of the lower part of the valve: transverse striz, rarely scattered puncta;
structure of the keel: puncta in transverse or decussating rows. — Frustule strongly constricted
in the middle. Junction between the keel and the lower part of the valve usually visible as a
more or less sinuose line. Connecting zone complex, with more or less numerous, transversely
striate divisions. — Cell-contents (of A. alata) a single chromotophore-plate along the zone. The
division of the chromotophore begins from its ends (Pitzer, Bau u. Entw. p. 94).

The name Amphiprora was given by Eurenpera 1843 (Am. p. 122) to two naviculoid dia-
toms. <A. constricta, the figure of which represents some species of Navicula in the frustular view,
is slightly constricted in the middle. It seems impossible now to make out what form this name
may denote. The other Amphiprora is, as the figures in »the Microgeology» shews, Nav. Semen. In
the »Bacillarien» Kirzine adds a third species, A. alata, which is distinguished by its sigmoid me-
dian line, and the lines on both sides of the median line, as well as by a complex connecting zone.
Later on several other forms were described ass Amphiprora by Baitzey, W. Smiru, and others.
W. Smrru describes as Amphiprora vitrea a form with straight median line and not complex con-
necting zone. Forms of very heterogenous nature were thus thrown together in the genus Amphi-
prora. Rapenuorst tried 1864, (Fl. Eur. Alg. p. 257) to separate the forms with a sigmoid median
line as a new genus, Amphicampa, which name PritzeR 1871 (Bau und Entw. p. 94) changed to
Amphitropis. — I consider that the name Amphiprora may be retained for the forms with sigmoid
keel and complex zone, as A. alata is the first recognizable form described. For the other forms
I have 1891 (Diatomiste I, p. 51) proposed the name Tropidoneis.

The genus Amphiprora seems to be akin to the Nitzschiew, and is on the other hand con-
nected with Auricula. The complex zone, the single chromatophore, the puncta or lines on the keel
remind one of the Nitzschiee. In most species of Amphiprora the keel forms a well marked part of
the valve, bordered by a junction-line, which is frequently denticulated or sinuose, and very sug-
gestive of the ale of Surirella. Whether this line projects into a true wing, I have not been
able to discover. In all cases it occupies the same position as the wing of Surirelle.

The structure of the valve is somewhat different in different sections. Three types may be
distinguished: the type of A. alata, of A. gigantea, and of A. Temperei. In the first named the
keel as well as the valve have transverse strive. In larger forms of that type the striz seem to
be finely transversely lineate, with rather coarser puncta on the keel, which puncta appear to be-
long to an interior stratum. In the forms, of which A. gigantea is the type, the keel and the
lower part of the valve have entirely different structure. The keel has puncta, disposed in obliquely
decussating rows as in Pleurosigma, and the lower part of the valve has transverse strie. In
A. Temperei the keel has two rows of large stigmas and in addition very fine transverse strie,
while the lower part of the valve shews only fine scattered puncta.

Some few forms of Amphiprora live in fresh water, the greater part in brackish water, and
some are purely marine. They occur in all parts of the world.

14 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Artificial key.

L. ee with decussating rows of puncta . te ee Ce _ A. gigantea GRUN.
without — — _— ty ee. aoa elt
9. es with double rows of large saree PUNCta ee ae Fe As Temperei CL.
without — — _ a HRS oak ee 3.
3, ree not separate from the lower part of the valve .... ... : 4.
separate — — — —- . $. Shee. cee -& 3D:
re eee siliceous... > i Late : A. conspicua GREV,
membranaceous , ; 28 . A. Duseni Cu.
5. peegen and valve separated by a row of puncta cae fan A. margine punctata Cu.
_ — junction-line
6. oo sresibitawideni : ie ; ; ty. 25 toe OF
solid. 2... 5 : 3 3 1585
7, oe -line with siatal deaticutdtions. Sy Oh neat : a. ornata Bat.
— oneorno — ‘ A. paludosa W. Sm.
8. { seals of the valve crenulated . . ; . A. crenulata Teme.
— not _ Sted ge eda: Se. Goulet ; 8 9.
9. jr of the keel obsolete . no Games. oardespeeecs. cee. a A. Brebissoniana GREV.
distincs ....... be god Gee iors 10.
Strie on fie | keel wider than on the valve . . ... . . A. Kjellmanii Cu.
10. = closer — = ee es . . A. kryophila Cu.
and the valve equidistant . nnd B hey aie oe dds
tt. {Ke stieie: sigmoid ........ my cunieities (eeeas noe al A. alata Kirz.
slightly — . 2... , hee an elude ar Fe . 12.
19. eee 6 in 001 mm. : ees gat a A. Meneghiniana Grev.
a= to 12 =) ee es Ne ee ee Sa Se A. lata Grev.
1. A. Paludosa W. Sm. (1853). — Frustule membranaceous, in the zone-view deeply con-

stricted, with rounded to truncate ends. B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Junction-line sinuose (or not).
V. linear-lanceolate, with acute (or apiculate) ends. L. 0,055 to 0,13 mm. Median line strongly
sigmoid. Strie 19 to 20 in 0,01 mm., some of them frequently coarser than the others. — W. Sm.
B. D. I. p. 44, Pl. XXXI f. 269. V. H. Syn. p. 121, Pl. XXII f. 10.

Brackish water: North Sea (Sweden! England! Belgium!) Cape May! Barbados!

Var. bahusiensis Cu. — Frustule strongly constricted. L. 0,08; B. 0,04 mm. Junction-line not
sinuose and not punctate. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm., those on the zone and the basal part of the valve
more marked. Strize of the keel faint, ending at the median line in very small puncta.

Marine: Sweden, Fiskebickskil!

Var. africana Grun. (1879). — Frustule strongly constricted. L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,03 mm,
Junction-line not sinuose and not punctate. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm., those on the ieee with coarse
puncta. — A. pal. v. afr. Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 196.

Brackish water: South Africa!

Var. subsalina Cu. — Frustule very thin, strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,04: B.
0,03 mm. Junction-line with a large sinus. Striw 23 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 1.

Brackish water: Artern, Saxony!

Var. hyperborea Grun. (1880). — Frustule slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,065 to 0,07;
B. 0,035 to 0,036 mm. Junction-line slightly sinuose. Striz 27 to 28 in 0,01 mm. — A. pal. var.?
hyp. Grun. A. D. p. 62. PL V f. 86.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Forma minuta Grun. (1884). — L. 0,035 mm. — A. hyp. f. min. Gron. Franz Josephs L. D.
p. 54 (106), Pl. I f. 51. .

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

KONGL. 8V. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:o 2. 15

Var. Pokornyana Grun. (1860). — Frustule slightly constricted. L. 0,065 to 0,087; B. 0,02 to
0,027 mm. Junction-line slightly sinuose. Valve narrow, linear, with rostrate ends, and almost
straight median line. — Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 569 Pl. VI f. 9.

Brackish water: Neusiedlersee (Hungary); Sea of Kara (Grun.).

The above description is from the work of Gruyow. In Cl. M. D. N:o 256 (Lymington,
England) occurs a form, determined by Grunow as A. Pokorn. L. 0,09; B. 0,04 mm. Strie
16 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate on the keel. Junction-line slightly sinuose. Keel strongly
sigmoid.

Var. punctulata Grun. (1880). -— Frustule slightly constricted. L. 0,037 to 0,095 mm. B. 0,02
to 0,023 mm. Junction-line not sinuose, with a row of small puncta. Strie about 27, on the keel
24 in 0,01 mm. — A. pal. v. punct. Grun. A. D. p. 62, Pl. IV f. 84. Franz Josephs L. D. p. 53
(105), Pl. I f. 54, 55.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Cape Wankarema!

Var. Nereis Lewis (1861). — Frustule strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,05 to 0,114 mm
Junction-line not sinuose, but with distant puncta. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. V. narrow, lanceolate,
with sigmoid median line. — A. Nereis Lewis. Proc. Acad. N. Se. Philadelphia 1861 p. 64. —
A. plicata var. japonica Castr. Challenger Exp. D. p. 40, Pl. XXX, f. 8.

Marine: Atlantic coasts of N. America (Lewis).

Var. dilatata Pant. (1891). — Frustule strongly constricted. L. 0,139. Height of the valve
0,025; at the constriction 0,0105 mm. Junction-line crenulated. Striz 25 in 0,01 mm. — A. dila-
tata Pant. II. p. 55, Pl. X f. 179.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Panr.).

This form only differs from var. Nereis by its somewhat larger size.

Var. borealis Grun. (1880). — Frustule slightly constricted. L. 0,079 to 0,085; B. 0,028 to
0,03 mm. Junction-line slightly arcuate, not sinuose. Striz on the keel 23, on the valve and the
connecting zone 26 in 0,01 mm. — A. pal. var.? borealis Grun. A. D. p. 62, Pl. IV f. 85.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Gruy.), Cape Wankarema!

Var. duplex Donn. (1858). — Frustule in L. 0,02 to 0,066; B. 0,01 to 0,04 mm. Junction-line
arcuate, not sinuose. Striz very fine. V. narrow, lanceolate, with strongly sigmoid median line.
— A. dupl. Donx. T. M.S. VI p. 29, Pl. II f. 13. — A. pal. v. dupl. V. H. Syn. p. 121, PI.
XXII f. 15, 16.

Brackish water: Greenland! North Sea (Sweden! England, Donx., Belgium V. H.) Hungary,
fossil (PANT.).

Var. hyalina Evtenst. (1880). — As Var. duplex but smaller. L. 0,017; B. 0,035 mm. —
A. hyalina Evu. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIT f. 17.

Brackish water: Cette (Grun.).

A. paludosa is a very variable species, closely connected with A. alata. Nearly akin to
A. paludosa, perhaps a variety, is A. Kiitzingiana Grev. (1863 Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p..184
f. 6) from Queensland. The frustule is deeply constricted. L. 0,128 mm. The junction-line is
not sinuose.

2. A. Dusenii Cr. N. Sp. — Frustule membranaceous, strongly constricted in the middle,
the segments being almost orbicular. L. 0,13; B. 0,11 at the constr. 0,07 mm. Zone with sigmoid
longitudinal divisions, 2 in 0,01 mm., finely striate; strie 17 in 0,01 mm. V. strongly compressed
and elevated, without any junction-line. Striz (at the keel) 12 in 0,01 mm., curved, towards the
keel with distant puncta, 8 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water (mouths of rivers): Cameroon (Dusty)!

3. A. alata Kirz (1844). — Frustule strongly silicious, constricted in the middle. B. 0,04.
Junction-line not sinuose, but frequently with a row of large puncta. V. linear, with acuminate
ends. L. 0,10 to 0,11; B. 0jo2 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Basis of the keel linear, sigmoid.

16 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. finely lineate and, on the keel, with coarse puncta. — Kurz. Bac. p.
107 Pl. TI f 63. W. Su. B.D. Ip. 44 Pl XV f 124. V. H. Syn. p. 121 Pl. XXIT f. 11, 12.

Brackish water: North Sea (Bohuslin! England! France! Belgium V. H.). Mediterranean
Sea (Peragallo). California!

Var. intermedia Ci. — V. in L. 0,11 to 0,15; B. 0,03; Height 0,025 to 0,03 mm. Strie 11
in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: New York! San Domingo (Witt Coll)!

Var. pulchra Bat. (1850). — Frustule strongly constricted. L. 0,27; B. 0,1 mm. Strie 7
in 0,01 mm., on the keel with large puncta, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. — A. pulchra Batu. Smiths. Contr.
II p. 38 Pl. IT f. 16, 18 (bad). V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII bis f. 1, 2, 4.

Brackish water: Atlantic coasts of N. America! San Domingo (Witt Coll.)!

Var. japonica Cu. — V. in the zonal view strongly constricted. L. 0,085; B. 0,02 mm. Junc-
tion-line bisinuose on each side of the central nodule. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate on
the keel. — Pl. I f. 2.

Marine: Japan!

The smaller forms of A. alata appear to graduate into A. paludosa, so that there seems to
be an uninterrupted series of forms from the gigantic Var. maxima to the very minute A. pal.
var. hyalina. The Var. japonica may be regarded as a connecting link between A. alata and A.
ornata. To the forms of A. alata belongs perhaps also A. biharensis Pant. III Pl. XLIT f. 577.

4, A. conspicua Grev. (1861). — V. linear-lanceolate, strongly convex. L. 0,06 to 0,13;
B. 0,02 to 0,024 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Junction-line indistinct. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm.,
some of them near the median line coarser, finely lineate; lineole about 25 in 0,01 mm. — Grey.
T. M.S. IX p. 86 Pl. X f. 16(?). V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII bis f. 3.

Brackish water: Atlantic coasts of N. America! Brazil! Sierra Leone (Grun), Cameroon!

5. A. ornata Bart (1852). — Frustule membranaceous, strongly constricted. L. 0,067; B.
0,05 mm. Junction-line deeply denticulate. Striz 20 to 22 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — Bal.
Smiths. Contr. IT p. 38 Pl. II f. 15 to 23. V. H. Syn. p. 121 Pl. XXII bis f£.5. A. fimbriata Casrr.
Voy. Challenger p. 40 Pl. XVII f. 15 (Surirella?).

Fresh water: Finland! Belgium (V. H.). North America (Michigan! Florida, Batt).

6. A. crenulata Temp. (1891). —- Frustule deeply constricted. L. 0,037; B. 0,03 mm. Junc-
tion-line sinuose. Connecting zone with several longitudinal divisions, finely striate. Strie 28 in
0,o1 mm. V. lanceolate, with crenulated margins (denticulations 2 in 0,01 mm.), apiculate. I. 0,04;
B. 0,014 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Basis of the keel biconstricted. Axial and central
areas indistinct. Keel with transverse, punctate striz, 16 in 0,01 mm. Lower part of the valve
with numerous, strong, transverse lines. — Temp. Diatomiste I, p. 50 Pl. IX f. 9, 10.

Brackish water: New Guinea!

7. A. Kjellmanii Cx. (1880). — Frustule silicious, slightly constricted. L. 0,13; B. 0,04
mm. Junction-line undulated or not. Striz coarser on the keel than on the valve, 12 or 13 (keel)
to 17 (valve) in 0,01 mm. — Ou. A. D. p. 14 Pl. IV f. 83.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. glacialis Cx. (1883). — Frustule not constricted. L. 0,07; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 14 (keel)
to 19 (valve) in 0,01 mm. — Cu. Vega p. 477 Pl. XXXV f. 12.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. kariana Grun. (1880). — Frustule slightly constricted. L. 0,064 to 0,07; B. 0,036, at the
constriction 0,027 mm. Junction-line slightly sinuose. Strie 10 or 11 (keel) to 17 or 18 (valve)
in 0,01 mm. — A. kariana Grun. A. D. p. 61 Pl. IV f. 82. Franz Josephs L. D. p. 53 (105).

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Gruy.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 17

Var. subtilis Grun. (1884). —- Frustule scarcely constricted. L. 0,04; B. 0,014 mm. Junction-
line slightly undulated. Striz 13 (keel) to 26 (valve) in 0,01 mm. V. in B. 0,08 mm. — A. kariana
v. subtilis Grun. Franz Josephs L. D. p. 105 (53) Pl. I f. 52, 53.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

Var. striolata Grun. (1880). — Frustule rectangular, slightly constricted. L. 0,07; B. 0,023,
at the constriction 0,015 mm. Junction-line not sinuose. Strie 12 (keel) to 15 (valve) in 0,01 mm.
those on the keel ending in small dots. -- Grun. A. D. p. 62 Pl. IV f. 81.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Gruv.).

8. A. kryophila Cr. (1883). — Frustule slightly constricted. L. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,043 to
0,045; at the constriction 0,028 to 0,03 mm. Junction-line sinuose. Striez on the keel 13 to 17 in
0,01 mm., ending in small puncta; strie on the valve 10 to 14 in 0,01 mm. wider than on the keel.
V. lanceolate, with strongly sigmoid median line. — Cu. Vega p. 477 Pl. XXXV f. 11.
Marine: Cape Wankarema!
_ A. kryophila is perhaps not specifically distinct from A. Kjellmanii, the only difference being
that the striz on the keel are closer than those on the valve; otherwise the two forms are perfectly
similar. Both differ from A. paludosa in large size, more strongly silicious valves, and coarser striz.

9. A. lata Grev. (1863), — Frustule quadrate, strongly constricted. L. 0,075; B. 0,04, at
the constriction 0,025 mm. Keel broad. Junction-line uniformly arcuate, not sinuose. Striz on
the keel 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. ending in small puncta. Striz on the valve of equal number, not
distinctly punctate. Connecting zone with numerous, longitudinal divisions. — Grev. Edinb. N.
Phil. J. XVIII p. 38 f 14. — PL If. 5.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Queensland (Grev.).

The above description is from specimens from the Balearic Islands. GReviLLE does not give
the number of striz.

10. A. Meneghiniana Grev. (1863). — Frustule broad, quadrate. L. 0,115 mm. Connecting
zone with numerous longitudinal divisions. Junction-line uniformly arcuate. not sinuose. Strie
coarse 6 in 0,01 mm. — Grey. Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 184 f. 7.

Marine: Queensland (GREV.).

11. A. Brebissoniana Grev. (1863). — Frustule strongly siliceous, deeply constricted, with
broad truncate ends. L. 0,089 to 0,13; B. 0,066 mm. Junction-line not sinuose. Keel very elevated,
bordered with a conspicuose hyaline margin, obsoletely striate, the strie being visible only at the
median line and at the junction-line. Strie of the valve 7,5 in 0,01 mm., obscurely but coarsely
punctate. — Grey. Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 185 f. 8. — Pl. If. 4.

Marine: South Pacific Ocean (Grev.), Sendai, Japan, fossil (TEMPERE)!

12. A. margine-punctata Cu. N. Sp. — V. in L. 0,13; B. 0,04, at the constriction 0,015 mm.
Keel very elevated, with a row of small marginal puncta, 8 in 0,01 mm., connected with similar
rows of puncta at the basis of the keel. Lower part of the valve very narrow. Striz on the keel
19 in 0,01 mm., curved and finely punctate. — Pl. I f. 3.

Marine: Java!

13. A. Temperei Cr. (1890). — Frustule strongly constricted. L. 0,15; B. 0,055, at the
constriction 0,027 mm. Junction-line obsolete, visible only near the central nodule. Keel with two
rows of large puncta (4 in 0,01 mm.), striate; strie 21 in 0,01 mm. V. with fine, scattered puncta.
Connecting zone with numerous longitudinal divisions, transversely striate; stria 20 in 0,01 mm. —
Cu. Diatomiste I p. 2 Pl. IT f. 3.

Marine: Madagascar!

This is a very characteristic species, not closely connected with any other. The median line
is strongly sigmoid.

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 26. N:o 2. 3

18 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

14. A. gigantea Groun. (1860). — Frustule strongly constricted. LL. 0,12 to 0j16 mm. Keel
with a hyaline margin, broader towards the ends. Junction-line uniformly arcuate, not sinuose.
Keel with puncta forming obliquely decussating rows, 13 to 15 in 0,01 mm. Striez of the valve
curved, divergent from the central nodule, about 14 in 0,01 mm., not decussating. Median line

strongly sigmoid. Connecting zone with numerous longitudinal divisions. — Grun. Verh. 1860
p- 568 Pl. VI f. 12 (bad!). A. D. p. 63. — PL If, 6. A. gig. var. kerguelensis Grun. A. D.
p. 63 (1880).

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Macassar Straits! Kerguelens Land!
This is a very large diatom, with somewhat thin silicious membrane. When dry the keel
under a low power is yellow, and the valve hyaline.

Var. tahitensis Grun. (1880). — Frustule membranaceous. L. 0,06 (to 0,095); B. 0,04 mm.
Keel strongly sigmoid. Striz 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 63.
Marine: China! Japan! Tahiti (Grun.).

Var. e@quatorialis Ci. (1873). — L. 0,10 to 0,15 mm. Strize 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — Amphi-
campa equatorialis Cu. D. Sea of Java p. 12 Pl. IIL f. 17. Amphipr. balearica Grun. A. D.
p. 63 (1880).

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Java!

Var. sulcata O’Muara (1871). — L. 0,09 to 0,14 mm. Striz 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm., on the
connecting zone 20 in 0,01 mm. — A. sulcata O'M. M. J. (N. 8.) Vol. XI p. 22 Pl. III f. 3.
A. pelagica Brun. D. Esp. n. p. 8 Pl. XXII f. 3, 4 (1891).

Marine: Le Croisic! Balearic Islands! Seychelles! Cape Good Hope! Sumatra! Jamaica
(Grove Coll.)!

Var. decussata Grun. (1880). — L. 0,063 to 0,065 mm. Keel slightly sigmoid. Strie 21 to 24
in 0,01 mm. — A. decussata Grun. A. D. p. 63. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIT f. 13.
Marine: Courselles (Gruy.). Hungary, fossil (Panr.).

Var. septentrionalis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,076 to 0,18 mm. Strie 20 to 23 in 0,01 mm. —
A. sept. Grun. A. D. p. 63.
Marine: Finmark! Cape Wankarema!

Auricula Castr. (1873).

Valve more or less reniform or cymbiform, elevated into an asymmetrical, arcuate,
but not sigmoid, keel. Median line not sigmoid, more or less biarcuate, with approximate
central pores. Structure: transverse striew, or more or less curved, irregular lines. Frustule
usually globose, with complex connecting zone. Keels of both valves turned in the same
direction.

The first known species was the diatom, described 1857 by Greaory as Amphiprora complexa.
The genus Auricula was founded 1873 by Casrracane (Atti del accad. pont. dei Lincei XX VI p.
406) for A. Amphitritis, which is evidently nearly akin to.A. complexa. In Van Heurcks Synopsis
(Pl. XXII bis f. 9, 10) Grunow has proposed the name Amphoropsis for two forms, of which one,
A. decipiens, is related to Auricula, and the other, A. recta, is by me considered as belonging to
Tropidoneis. As A. decipiens in my opinion cannot be separated from Auricula, I propose to
reserve the name Amphoropsis for a section of Tropidoneis.

The valve of Auricula is keeled as in Amphiprora, but the keel is not sigmoid. In
some species, which approach to Amphiprora, the keel is separated from the lower part of the
valve by a line of junction. In other forms there is a gradual slope from the median line to
the margin.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:O 2. 19

I have examined some living frustules of A. complexa. It has along the ventral side a single
caromatophore-plate enclosed in a plasmatic mass, from which fine plasma-threads radiate towards
the walls.

A. complexa, 500 times magnified. A. incerta, 500 times magnified.

Of A. incerta I have had an opportunity of examining numerous living specimens. This species
has also a single chromatophore-plate along the ventral side of the zone, enclosed in a plasma-mass
which sends fine plasma-threads to the walls of the frustule.
If the living frustules be suddenly killed by a boiling con-
centrated solution of mercuric chloride in alcohol, and then by
washing freed from mercuric salt, they may be stained with
different dyes. Carmine colours the nucleus, which is placed
above the plate and on its centre. Stained with chrysoidine
numerous granules in the plasma-mass take an intensely yellow
colour, and are probably eleoplasts, as fatty matters are intensely
coloured by the dye.

Auricula minuta has also a single chromotophore-plate
along the ventral side, and at the primordial stratum of the
plasma a number of small granules, possibly geline-secreting
organs.

Auxospores. In A. minuta a single globular auxospore is
formed out: of two frustules.. In the annexed sketches a and ¢
represent a frustule in living state, 6 a frustule in the state of
division. Fig. d shews two frustules enclosed in a mucous mass,
the first stage of the conjugation. In e the auxospore is formed
and enclosed between the empty valves; f seems to represent an
mature auxospore, and g two frustules, to judge from the size,
probably formed out of the auxospore.

Some extreme forms of Auricula have a very peculiar
appearance, but by intermediate steps they are connected on one
hand with Amphiprora, on the other with Amphora, so nearly
indeed that no line of demarcation may be traced between Am-
phora and Auricula.

All species of Auricula are marine and pelagic. Some
forms are thin and membranaceous. Others have strong valves,
but thin connecting zones, so that entire frustules are rarely to be found in gatherings which
have been cleaned by means of acids.

A. minuta, 500 times magnified.

20 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Artificial key.

1 Valve more or less boat-shaped i a al nee sc sae Age bs oe . phar Bs
we — reniform ...... «wc. eae a ee a ee: 2
5 ee 10 t to ll in Qoi mm. ....... Rhy “eRe cable «et rane . . A. coarctata Br.
© 20 to 22 _ bean ce eid ; sd ips wos
3, ee with a few larger sicuas a ee ; pice), A. pulchra GREv.
— without stigmas ...... 2... e. ... .. A. decipiens Grun.
4 ree strongly inflected in the middle ea OW RE MR a do 4 oe 5.
— not, or slightly, inflected... ....... SUE. e MA Faia Gace ae tare 6.
Strie 15 to 16 in 001 mm... ... Boke .. . A, intermedia Lewis.
4 aia very ne yey a ee Se ee. oy Sea sate A. insecta GRun.
6. ers dyansverse .... 0 1 ww ee | ON pe an oe . 8
curved, divergent towards the ere line be fase Metayahs Ciade sa atts ts
7. eo coarse (8 in 0,01 mm.) ee Ce Be ; & mu Amphitritis CastR.
finer (20-in 0,01 mm.) . A. ds ae ee ee eee A. complexa Gree.
8. ess large (L. 0,17 mm.) beetles oa 2... . A, javanica Cu.
small (L. 0,02 to 0,o3 mm.). . Mek 2,6 .... <A. minuta Cu.

1. A.(?) coaretata Brun (1889). — V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0,115 to 0,135; B. 0,02; Height
0,025, at the constriction 0,013 mm. Median line highly elevated between the central nodule and
the ends. Central area small, unilateral. Junction-line between the keel and the lower part of
the valve very distinct, with a sinus on each side of the central nodule. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01
mm., convergent on both sides of the central nodule, punctate, puncta 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. —
Amphiprora coarct. Brun. D. foss. du Japon p. 14 Pl. III f. 12.

Marine: Japan, fossil and living (Brun)!

As the entire frustule is not known, it. is impossible to decide whether this species, which
has a great resemblance to a true Amphiprora, belongs to Auricula or to the sections Plagiotropis
or Amphitropis of Tropidoneis. The incompletely described’ Amphiprora nitida Grev. (Edinb.
N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 40 f. 18, 1856) has some resemblance to A. coarctata, but has not a com-
plex zone.

2. A. decipiens Grun. (1882). — Frustule quadrate to rectangular, slightly constricted in
the middle. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,05 mm. Junction-line distinct, sinuose. Central area indistinct.
Striz 20 in 0,01 mm., a little closer on the valve. Connecting zone, on the dorsal side, with broad
divisions, about 3 ity 0,001 mm., transversely striate; strie’ 22 in 0,01 mm. Divisions narrow on
the ventral side. — Amphoropsis decipiens Grun. in Cl. M. I. N:o 3809. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII bis
f. 11. Amphiprora plicata Gruc. D. of Clyde p- 505 Pl. XII f. 57 (1857)?

Marine, estuaries: Scotland!

3. A. pulehra Grev. (1863). — Frustule membranaceous, quadrate, slightly constricted.
L. 0,075; B. 0,045 mm. Connecting zone with numerous divisions, about 5 in 0,01 mm. , transversely
striate; strie about 22 in 0,01 mm. On the zone, close to the valve, are 3 or 4 laps isolated
stigmas. Valve with transversely dilated central nodule and elevated keel, bordered with a row
of puncta, 6 in 0,01 mm. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. — Amphora pulchra Grev. Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII
p. 184 f. 2. — Auricula pule. Pl. IL f. 23.

Marine: Queensland (Grev.)! China! Macassar Straits (Grove coll.)! South Pacific Ocean (Van
Heurcks coll.)!

The following incompletely described forms seem allied to this species: Amphiprora lineata
Grev. (Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 40 f. 19; 1863) and Amph. Jolisiana Grev. (1. c. p: 186 £ 11).

4. A. insecta Gruy. (1876). — Frustule membranaceous, globose. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,04
to 0,05 mm. Median line strongly inflected towards the centre of the frustule. Ceritral nodule

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. ma

mucronate on inner side. Connecting zone complex, with 4 to 5 divisions in 0,01 mm. Along the keel
is a row of puncta, 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Striz 35 to 40 in 0,01 mm., extremely difficult to resolve.
— Amphora? insecta A. S. Atl. XL f. 2, 3. Amphora mucronata H. L. Sm. Types N:o 38. Am.
Qu. M. J. 1878 p. 17 Pl. Ill f. 9.

Marine and pelagic: Sweden, Gullmarsfjord on Zostera! Honduras (Grun.), Atlantic City
(CH. Li Sm,). .

A probably allied, and very large, form is Amphora? incerta A. 8. Atl. XL f. 1 from Balt-
schick. The specimen figured is too imperfect to admit of a description. It is probably the same
species as Bnnlenrors punctata Pant. IIIT Pl. XXXIX f. 547.

5. A. complexa Gree. (1857). — Frustule quadrate with rounded angles, constricted in the
middle. L. 0,089 to 0,102; B. 0,07 mm. Connecting zone with 7 to 8 divisions (about 2 in 0,01 mm. )
transversely striate. V. with reniform outline, and very excentric elevated keel, along which is a
row of puncta, about 8 in 0,01 mm. Striz of the valve curved and divergent from the central
nodule, about 20 in 0,01 mm. — Amphiprora complexa Gruc. D. of Clyde p. 508 Pl XII f. 62.
Auricula Ostrea Tum. a. Brun. D. foss. du Japon p. 25 Pl. IV f. 7 (1889)?

Marine, pelagic: Scotland! Balearic Islands! Rembang Bay (Debys Coll.)! Japan, fossil (Br.
a. Temp.)? Barbados!

This species, remarkable for its excentric keel, is rarely found in entire frustules, the thin
connecting zone being usually detatched in the course of preparation from the more silicious valves.
A. Ostrea is in all respects similar to A. complexa, except as to the number of strize, which ac-
cording to Brun and Trempire are only 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm.

6. Auricula minuta Cy. N. Se. — Frustule quadrate with rounded angles. I. and
B. 0,02 to 0,05 mm. Zone thin with about 7 divisions in 0,01 mm. V. reniform, very slightly
indented in the middle. Margin with a row of puncta (7 in 0,01 mm.) along the median line.
Strie about 25 in 0,01 mm. delicate, almost parallel in the middle, curved at the ends. —
i os Pe ae .
Marine: Sweden, Gullmarsfjord on Zostera and among Amphipleura (Berkeleya) Dillwynii,
frequent! 7

7. A. intermedia Lewis (1865). — Frustule elongated, rectangular with rounded angles, very
slightly constricted. L. 0,07; B. 0,03 mm. Median line strongly inflected towards the centre of
the frustule. Along it is a row of puncta, 5 in 0,01 mm. V. in outline narrow, reniform. L. 0,07
to 0,11; B. 0,025 mm. Median line excentric, diverging from the central nodule towards the dorsal
side of the valve. Striz 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. curved and divergent towards the median line. —
Amphora intermedia Lewis. Proc. Philad. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pl. I f. 7 (1865). Auricula japonica Br.
and Trmpére, D. foss. du Japon p. 25 Pl. IV f. 8 (1889).

Marine: Adriatic! China! Japan, foss. (Br., Temp.), South Pacific Ocean (Van Heurcks Coll.)!
Port Jackson! New Jersey (Lewis), Honduras (Grun.).

8. A. javanica Cu. N. Sp. — Valve linear-lunate, very slightly constricted in the middle.
L. 0,17; B. 0,026 mm. Median line very excentric not inflected, close to the margin of the valve
and not bordered by a row of puncta. Strie 8, 5 in 0,01 mm., almost transverse, finely punctate.
— Pl. II f. 22.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

9. A. Amphitritis Casrrac. (1873). — V. reniform. L. 0,055; B. 0,025 mm. Keel very
excentric, closer to the outer margin, to which its exterior wall is vertical. The interior wall
seems to be elevated in the middle, and to slope gently towards the somewhat sinuose interior
margin. Strize about 8 in 0,01 mm., undulating, not distinctly punctate, on the interior wall of
the keel alternately longer and shorter towards the keel, to which they diverge. — Castr. Atti del

22 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

accad dei n. Lincei 1873 p. 406 Pl. VII f. 2. oe Villefranche D. p. 42 Pl. II f.18. 4. Szon-
taghit Pant. III Pl. VII f. 104 (1893).

Marine: Marocco! Balearic Islands! Adriatic!

To the genus Auricula may belong Aur. Grunowii Pant. III Pl. XXXI f. 453. Amphiprora
striata Pant. III Pl. XXXIX f. 543 and Amphiprora Pethoi Pant. III Pl. XLI f. 565 all un-
known to me.

Tropidoneis Cr. (1891).

Valve elongated, lanceolate, more or less convex and acute, frequently with a wing, or
longitudinal band, on one or both sides. Median line straight, on a central, or excentric, keel;
its central pores approximate. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rounded, or deesavereely
dilated. Structure, fine puncta, forming transverse, not radiate, strie, and longitudinal, more or
less straight, much finer, strie. Connecting zone not complex.

Cell-contents. The cell of T. vitrea contains two chro-
matophore-plates along the connecting zone, they follow the in-
terior of the larger side of the valve; and send some divisions
into the keel (Prrtzer: Bau und Entw., p. 93).

The plates of T. elegans are similar, but they have
three deep constrictions nearly dividing them into almost equal
patches, the margins of which are deeply indented. T. Lepidop-
tera has also two strongly indented or serrated plates along the
connecting zone. At the ends of the frustule are numerous small
granules in lively motion. T. conserta has an entirely different
arrangement of the cellcontents, so that it seems questionable
whether this species should: not be placed in Auricula, the di-
visions of the zone being perhaps too delicate to be visible.
T. conserta has along the neutral side of the zone a flat plasma-
mass including two chromatophore-plates separated by a narrow,
oblique fissure. The plasma-mass has a broad sinus at each end.
— The first known species of this’ genus is Amphiprora
vitrea, named 1853 by W. Surry. Other forms have since then
been described by Grecory, GREVILLE and others as Amphiprora,
including both forms with sigmoid median line and complex zone,
and with straight median line and not complex zone. RABENHORST
1864 proposed (Fl. Eur. Alg. p. 257) for the former the generic name
Amphicampa (later on changed by Prirzer and Grunow to Amphi-
tropis) and retained the genus Amphiprora for the latter. As,
however, the first: species of Amphiprora (A. alata Kitz), so de-
scribed as to be distinctly recognized, belongs, to the group with
sigmoid median line, it seems to me that that name, rather than
Amphicampa, should be retained for this group. In 1871 Prrrzzr
created the genus Plagiotropis, and family Plagiotropide, for forms
with straight, excentric, keels lying diagonally in opposite direc-
tions, represented by P. baltica Prirz. which is very probably the same as Amphiprora vitrea W. Su.
For forms with excentric keels lying in parallel directions Grunow 1880 (Van Heurck’s Syn.
Pl. XXII bis.) created the genus (or more correctly subgenus of Amphora) Amphoropsis, in which
he includes both forms with complex, and not complex, zones. In the year 1891 I (Diatomiste
I p. 51) proposed to unite in one genus, T'ropidoneis, the forms of Amphiprora with straight
median line, those of Plagiotropis, and of Amphoropsis with non-complex zone.

et eet S|

Tropidoneis elegans, 500 times magnified.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:0 2. 23

The forms of Tropidoneis have boat-like valves, more or less strongly keeled. The keels are
straight (not sigmoid) and either central (Orthotropis), or excentric. In the latter case they are
either turned in opposite directions (Plagtotropis), or in the same direction (Amphoropsis). To treat
these groups as different genera seems to me not to be natural; as the excentricity of the keel
is subject to variation. On one or both sides of the keel there is froquently an expansion, or wing,
which in the valvular view has the appearance of a longitudinal line. On the broader side of the

Tropidoneis concerta, 500 times magnified.

Tropidoneis Lepidoptera, 500 times
_..) Magnified.
valves of Plagiotropis there is frequently a longitudinal band, the nature of which is not quite
clear to me. It may be a wing, or a crest, as in many Nitzschiew, or perhaps a furrow.

Tropidoneis has evidently a close affinity with the Nitzschie of the Grunowian divisions
Bilobatz and Pseudo-amphiprora. Among the Raphidieze it may be akin to the carinated forms of
Gyrosigma, or the so called Donkinie. It is also closely related to the Navicule of the section
fusiformes which, although their valves are not keeled, agree with Tropidoneis in the nature of
the sculpture of their values, in then non-complex zones, and in the approximate central pores of
their median lines.

The species of Tropidoneis do not inhabit fresh water. Forms of the section Plagiotropis
are very frequent:in brackish water. The large, wingless forms of Orthotropis.are pelagic in their
habits, and the winged, marine. They occur in all Dares of the world from the arctic seas to the
tropical. vir eee “Attys 3 “i

“ The forms of Tropidoneis are in many cases very fiagaitently known, so ve several species
are to be regarded as doubtful. The study of them is difficult, especially as regards the nature of
the wings, which require a favourable position of the valves for their examination.

ay

cae aay ee topdge dé tu, 4 oige
Artificial key. ot =
BA ies a; ho alge aint eee ee PBN OSIB DME 0)

I. Orthotropis, median line central or nearly central. : ha oh
1 Valve without wings... 2. - 1.) ee >» 4 ee ee 2.

; — with SS Se ee sd a , A eel Bs
9 Valve moderately high. .... . See As ie. eas T. adriatica Cu."

c — veryhigh 2. 2.22 Si vee ee te Leeda og é 3.

24 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

3. Valve thin wk eee eS initia a ee ee » 4
SOlid 5. co. Ss A ee a ee : i. 8 T. solidula Cu.
4 Fatale in zonal view elliptical a ee a T. antarctica Cu.
— rectangular ..... T. membranacea Cu.
Valve nearly flak nn f ; i & of T. longa Cu.
5.
elevated aoe : eB. Aes. See ar 1105
6. | Wing ee close to the keel... , ee T. approximata Ct.
= , antes es 7.
Central area indistinct or niall iio te de. Blade de calaly: 3 T. Lepidoptera Gree.
7. :
< distinct Sew ta BA oe i . . T. maxima Gree.

II. Plagiatropis Prrrzer, median line excentric; keels of the valves in contrary directions.

1 oe coarse and distant . e. Met ce eS hE a T. Zebra Cu.
; — close ay Se : : ‘ ee Se . aim 32)
9 i crossed by blank, longitudinal bands .. .. . T. seriata Cu.
“\.— not —- _ —- .. eae = OB:
3 Valve not striate along the margin . . . eA ‘ 4.
= — striate to the margin .. . eee ee ee 5.
i oe strie ‘about 15 in 0,01 mm. : . . T. japonica Cu.
: — — ,— 19 — we eee lee 6D. semistriata Gron.
5 secon constricted in the middle ..... ee ee oe ee . 6.
, — not or slightly .. . ify, eee SR er hae 9.
6 ye or longitudinal band instinct . .. ‘ T. samoensis GRun.
i —_ _ — distinct... ..... ea gaa Dont ee, Ba a OG
7 ek broad: Se OS 4s. A ee ee ee ee 3 . T. sumbavensis Cu.
, — narrow... ... gdp ae tea rds ss Be, cys ed ae 8.
8 a about 0,08 mm. : Fee .. . TD. gibberula Grun.
‘ _— 014mm... ... F Berne ihe . TT. chinensis Cu.
9 ee narrow, almost linear an ‘ ‘i hn. tah ae ah a 10.
me — broader, lanceolate . oe Be YB RR. Pose ees es ep GS 11.
10 {e 0,2. t0-O07 MM: a x 8 § «xg a ee Oh aca Bo we es T. elegans Gree.
" \L. about 006 mm... ..... By mor e2d: wpettsa act aN te: (a aha T. pusilla Gree.
YW ee COU 1 Cale a ee ee ene a pee owe a a Pe Von, Heurckii Grun.
1: 0,09 40-09 mm, “eel e a ae CO ae ee PE ee ee a ad ‘12. i
12 aa band, if present, not interrupted... . ae ak ee ee eae 13.
. _ _ interrupted in the middle .. ©. ..... sign ae AS aR T. lata Cu.
Longitudinal stri# slightly finer than the feaicvess ee ee . . QT. Kinkeriana Cu.
13. :
{ _— — much — _— Sh gh) bette th ‘'T. vitrea W. Sm.

III. Amphoropsis Gruy., median line excentric; keels of the valves turned in the same

directions.
1 Keels without coarse ribs .............44. Zi .... T. recta Grec.
: — with —- — ......, 0 a a ee T. concerta Lewts.

1. T. antaretica Grun. (1878). — Frustule membranaceous, elliptical in outline. L. 0,19 to 0,24;
B. 0,06 to 0,08 mm. Central area small, stauriform (the central nodule probably being a little
transversely dilated). Transverse and longitudinal strie 21 (16 to 18 Brun) in 0,01 mm., the me-
dian transverse strie more distant than the others. — Amphipr.? antarctica Gruy. in Cu. M. D.
No. 125. Navicula Challengert Grun. A. D. p. 64 (1880). Stauroneis glacialis Castrac. Voy. Challeng.
D., p. 25. Pl. XXVII f. 11, 1886? Amphipr. fragilis Temp. u. Brun. D. fossiles du Japon, p. 14.
Pl. IX f. 14 (1889).

Marine, pelagic: Antarctic Ocean! Japan, fossil (Bruy.). ‘

2. T. membranacea Ct. (1873). Frustule membranaceons, rectangular, very slightly con-
stricted, with rounded angles. L. 0,25 to 0,35; B. 0,07 to 0,125 mm. Central area indistinct.
Transverse strie 20 to 24, longitudinal 30 to 32 in 0,01 mm. — Amphiprora membranacea Ci. D.
of the Sea of Java p. 12, Pl. II, f 18.

Marine, pelagic: Java! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, 25

3. T. solidula Cu. N. Sp. — V. strongly silicious, in the zonal view linear, with straight
dorsal margin, curved at the ends. L. 0,19; B. 0,o2 mm. Central area indistinct. Transverse
striae 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm., composed of distinct puncta forming undulating longitudinal striz,
about 14 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IIT f. 19, 20, 21.

Marine: Rembang Bay (Debys Coll.)!

4, T. longa Ct. (1873). — Frustule narrow, rectangular, with parallel margins, not constricted
in the middle. LL. 0,19 to 0,3; B. 0,025 to 0,036 mm. V. slightly convex, narrow, linear-lanceolate,
acute. Wings distinct, on both sides of the median line. Central area large, transverse. Trans-
verse striae 16 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal strie about 28 in 0,01 mm. — Amphiprora longa Cu. D.
of Arct. 8. p. 20 Pl. III f. 15. — Icon. n. Pl. TIT f. 8.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Greenland!

Var.? gracilis Grun. (1880). — V. in L. 0,2 to 0,28; B. 0,016 to 0,o18 mm. Wings obsolete.
Central area small, transversely dilated. Transverse strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm., longitudinal finer.
Frustule linear, somewhat constricted, B. 0,028 (ends) to 0,021 (middle) — Amphipr. elegans v.
gracilis Grun. A. D. p. 64.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

5. 'T. Lepidoptera Gree. (1857). — Frustule elongated, rectangular, strongly constricted in
the middle. L. 0,12 to 0,20; B. 0,03 to 0,04, at the constriction 0,013 to 0,018 mm. Wings di-
stinct, usually projecting above the central nodule. V. linear-lanceolate, with acute and frequently
apiculate ends. L. 0,12 to 0,20; B. 0,018 to 0,022 mm. Central area indistinct, or small, and trans-
versely lanceolate. Wing usually unilateral. Transverse strie 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm., finely
punctate. — Amphiprora Lepidoptera Grea. T. M. 8. Vol. V. p. 76. Pl. I f. 39. D. of Clyde p. 505
Pl. XII f. 59 (mot. c). Rabh. a. Jan. Honduras D. p. 3. Pl. II f. 5. V. H. Syn. p. 120 PI.
XXII f. 2, 3. Amphipr. quarnerensis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 569 Pl. VII f. 1. Amphipr. mediter-
ranea GRuN. ]. c. Pl. VII f. 3 (not V. H. Syn.)?

Marine: Finmark! North Sea (Sweden! England! France!) Adriatic! Macassar Straits!
King George’s Sound! Sumatra! Port Jackson! Galapagos Islands! Colon! Barbados!

Var. samoensis Grun. (1880). — Frustule elongated, strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,2;
B. 0,05 mm. Wings distinct, not projecting beyond the central nodule. V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0,2
to 0,26; B. 0,03 to 0,037 mm. Central area indistinct. Transverse strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm.
inside the wing, 14 in 0,01 mm. outside the wing. Wings on both sides of the median line. —
Amphipr. Lepidopt. var. samoensis Grun. A. D. p. 65.

Marine: Samoa! Tahiti (Grun.), Honolulu (Grun.).

Var. proboscidea Cu. — V. linear-elliptical, apiculate. L. 0,075; B. 0,018 mm. Median line
slightly excentric. Wing unilateral, at some distance from the median line. Central area small,
orbicular. Striz transverse, 16 in 0,01 mm., faint inside the wing.

Brackish water: Africa, Cameroon!

Var. minor Cu. — V. in L. 0,08; B. 0,013, at the constriction 0,01 mm. Wing unilateral. Strie
20 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: St. Lunaire (Temp. Perag. Types N:o 292 as T. Van-Heurckit).

Var. delicatula Grev. (1863). -- V. in L. 0,064 to 0,075; B. 0,015 mm. Strie 26 in 0,01 mm.
— Amphipr. delic. Grev. Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 36 f. 15, 16.

Marine: Cette! Woodlark Island (Grev.), Labuan!

Amphiprora indica Grun. (Verh. 1860 p. 570, Pl. VI f. 18, Pl VII f. 2) resembles Trop.
Lepidoptera but is described as having a row of puncta along the median line. Ihave seen no
specimen of this form, which Grunow does not mention in his synopsis of the Amphiprore in A. D.
— Amphiprora didyma W. Sm. (B. D. I p. 44, Pl. XV f. 125) has also puncta along the median
line. This diatom may perhaps be a Nitztchia.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd 26. N:o 2. 4

26 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

6. T. approximata CL. N. Sp. — V. narrow, lanceolate, with acute ends, very convex. L. 0,2
to 0,3; B. 0,034 mm. Central area indistinct. Wing unilateral, close to the median line. Trans-
verse strie 19, longitudinal about 30 in 0,01 mm. -- Pl. III f. 20, 21.

Marine: Rembang Bay (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

7. T. adriatica CL. N. Sp. — Frustule narrow, linear, slightly constricted in the middle.
L. 0,18; B."0,o25 mm. Wings indistinct. V. narrow lanceolate. L. 0,2; B. 0,018 mm. Central area
small, transverse, narrowed towards the margin. Transverse striz 15 to 16, longitudinal 27 in
0,o1 mm. — PI. IIT f. 22, 33.

Marine: Adriatic!

8. T. maxima Gree. (1857). — Frustule strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,13 to 0,17;
B. 0,04 to 0,07, at the constriction 0,022 mm. Wings very distinct, projecting beyond the central
nodule. V. lanceolate, acute. LL. 0,22 to 0,24; B. 0,032 to 0,033 mm. Wing unilateral. Central
area distinct, narrow, transversely lanceolate. Transverse striw 15, longitudinal 21 in 0,01 mm., a
little more distant outside the wing. — Amphiprora maxima Grea. D. of Clyde p. 507, Pl. XII
f. 61. V. H. Syn. p. 120 Pl. XXIT f. 4, 5. Grown. A. D. p. 65. F

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Java! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. subalata Cir. — L. 0,15 mm. Wing not projecting beyond the central nodule. Trans-
verse strie 19 in 0,01 mm., more distinct in the middle, punctate; puncta forming undulating,
longitudinal rows, about 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var.? decussata Cit. — V.in L. 0,16; B. 0,024 mm. Transverse striz 15 in 0,01 mm., punctate;
puncta forming fine decussating lines, about 19 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. III f. 24, 25.

Marine: Seyshelles (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Var. dubia Cu. a. Grun. (1880). — L. 0,072 to 0,09; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Central area
rounded. Transverse strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — Amphipr. maxima var. dubia A. D. p. 65.
PL V f. 89.

Marine: Finmark!

It seems to be generally considered that there are wings on both sides of the median line,
but so far as I have seen, on examining a number of specimens, there is a wing only on one of the
sides. The wings of one frustule are diagonal. The following insufficiently described and figured
species seem to be akin to T. maxima: Amphiprora oblonga Grev. (T. M. 8. XI p. 20, Pl. I f. 15,
1863), Amphipr. eximia Grev. (Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 36 f. 13, 1863), Amphipr. Wendtii Wirt
(J. Mus. Godeffr. H. I p. 69 Pl. VIIT f. 3, 1878).

9. 'T. sumbavensis Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, gibbous in the middle. L. 0,15; B. 0,03 mm.
Central area unilateral, quadrate. Wing unilateral, very distinct. Transverse striz 19 in 0,01 mm.
Longitudinal striz very fine.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

This form is evidently nearly akin to T. maxima.

10. T. gibberula Gruy. (1882). — Frustule rectangular, with rounded angles, constricted in
the middle. L. 0,07 to 0,09; B. 0,017 mm. Wing slightly projecting outside the central nodule.
V_ narrow, lanceolate, with subcapitate ends, ineequilateral, the broadest side having a gibbosity
in the middle. B. 0,02 mm. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. — Plagiotropis gibberula GRun.
in Cu. M. D. No 809. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII bis f. 12, 18.

Marine: Firth of Tay! China (Deby Coll.)!

11. T. pusilla Gree. (1857). — Frustule rectangular, with rounded angles, scarcely constricted
in the middle. L. 0,055; B. 0,012 mm. V. narrow, lanceolate, unilaterally gibbous. Central area
indistinct. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm. — Amphapr. pusilla Gree. D. of Clyde p. 504 Pl. XII f. 56.

Marine: North Sea (Coasts of Scotland! Belgium!)

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 27

12. T. chinensis Cu. N. Sp. — Frustule elongated, with rounded ends, constricted in the
middle. L. 0,14; B. 0,03 mm., at the constriction 0,018 mm. V. narrow, lanceolate, acute, unilate-
rally gibbous. L. 0,14; B. 0,o2 mm. Central area transversely lanceolate. Transverse strie 18
in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — Pl. III f. 5, 6, 7.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)!

This form, which is somewhat doubtful as a species, resembles T. Lepidoptera.

13. T. semistriata Grun. (1879). — V. somewhat membranaceous, elongated, rectangular,
slightly constricted. L. 0,075; B. 0,026 mm. V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. Keel
somewhat excentric. Transverse strive 19 in 0,01 mm., not reaching the margin of the valve
where is a broad blank band. — Amphipr. semistriata Gruy. A. M. D. N:o 196. Icon. n. P. IIL
f. 9, 10, 11.

Brackish water: South Africa!

14. T. japonica Cu. N. Sp. — V. strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,11; B. 0,02 mm.
Wing projecting beyond the central nodule. Transverse strie 14 (wing) to 16 (keel) in 0,01 mm.,
not reaching the margin, where is a blank band. Longitudinal striz fine, about 30 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Sendai, Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!

15. T. elegans W. Sm. (1856). — Frustule linear, rectangular, not constricted in the middle.
L. 0,18; B. 0,04 mm. V. narrow, linear, very convex and inequilateral. L. 0,2 to 0,27; B. 9,013
mm. Wing on the broader part. Central area small, rounded. Transverse strize 13 to 14 in 0,01
mm.; longitudinal striz 23 in 0,01 mm. — Amphipr. elegans W. Sm. B. D. II p. 90. Gree. D. of
Clyde, p. 505 Pl. XII f. 58, 58 b. V. H. Syn. p. 122 Pl. XXII f. 1, 6.

Marine: North Sea (Coast of Sweden! England! Belgium!) Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic!

Var. Adriatica Grun. (1880). — Frustule not constricted, narrowed towards the ends. L. 0,17
to 0,30; B. 0,035 to 0,05 mm. V. in B. 0,018 to 0,02 mm. Wing distinct. Central area small.
Transverse striz 13,5 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal strie finer but sharp. — Amphipr. eleg. v. Adria-

tica Grun. A. D. p. 64.

Marine: Adriatic (Grouw.).

Var.? Posewiteii Pant. (1889). — L. 0,108; Height 0,0225, in the middle 0,0175 mm. Strie
22,5 to 25 in 0,01 mm. punctate. — Amphipr. (elegans var.?) Posew. Pant. II, p. 56 Pl. X, f. 181.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (PantocsEx).

It does not appear very probable that this form belongs to A elegans. The figure in Pan-
tocsEks work, although not clear, seems to represent some form of. T. vitrea.

16. T. Van Heurckii Grow. (1880). — Frustule nearly rectangular, not constricted. L. 0,06;
B. 0,02 mm. On the broader side is a longitudinal band (wing?) forming a line, abruptly bent
at about one third of the length of the value. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. — Plagiotropis Van Heurckii
Gruy. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII bis f. 6 to 8.

Brackish water: Belgium!

17. TT. vitrea W. Sm. (1853). — Frustule elliptical, truncate, very slightly constricted in the
middle. L. 0,085 to 0,145; B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. V. lanceolate, very asymmetrical. B. 0,012 to 0,018
mm. Central area indistinct. The broader side of the valve with or without a longitudinal band.
Transverse striz 18 in 0,01. mm. — Amphipr. vitrea W. Sm. B. D. J, Pl. XX XI f. 270. Plagiotropis
vitrea Grun. A. D. p. 67. V. H. Syn., Pl. XXII f. 7 to 9. Plagiotr. baltica Pritze: Bau und
Entw. p. 94, 1871? Plagiotr. vitrea var. Lindigit Grun. A. D. p. 67.

Brackish water: North Sea (coasts of Sweden! Belgium! England!) Atlantic coast of North
America! West Indies! California!

Var. mediterranea Grun. (1880). — Frustule nearly rectangular, slightly constricted in the
middle. lL. 0,075 to 0,15; B. 0,015 to 0,02 mm. The broader side of the valve with a longitudinal,
broad, indistinctly punctate band. Transverse striz 20, longitudinal 24 in 0,01 mm. — Plagiotro-

28 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

pis (baltica var.?) mediterranea Grun. A. D. p. 66. Amphiprora (Plagiotr.) medit. Gruy. in V. H.
Syn. Pl. XXII f. 14.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Grun.), Adriatic (Gruy.), Samoa (Grun.), Connecticut, Morris Creek!

Var. scaligera Grun. (1880). —- Frustule scarcely constricted. L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,025 to 0,045
mm. The longitudinal band with coarse, transverse ribs. Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — Plagioir.
(balteca var.?) scaligera Grun. A. D. p. 66, Pl. V f. 90.

Marine: Finmark!

The longitudinal band in this species appears to be subject to great variation. In the type
it is always scarcely perceptible; in the varieties, it forms a broad band. — Amphiprora? superba
Grev. (Edinb. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 39 f. 17, 1863) represents probably a large form akin to T. vitrea.

18. T. seriata Cx. (1892). — V. in the zonal-view linear, with straight dorsal margin, cur-
ved only at the ends, not constricted in the middle, very elevated and distinctly asymmetrical.
L. 0,4; Height 0,04 mm. Transverse strie 12 in 0,01 mm. crossed by several, blank, longitudinal
bands. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 75 Pl XII f. 2 to 4.

Marine: Connecticut! Colon! Jamaica!

This species, evidently akin to T. elegans, is remarkable for its large size and the peculiar
striation; the striz forming several longitudinal rows.

19. T. Zebra Cr. (1892). — V. strongly asymmetrical, lanceolate. L. 0,18; B. 0,03 mm.
Central area indistinct. There is a broad, marginal band on the broader side of the value. Strie
5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. inequidistant, finely punctate, puncta 21 in 0,01 mm. — (CL. Dintomiste I
p- 75 Pl. XIT f. 1.

Brackish water: Newark, N. Jers. fossil from the »Champlain epoch»! Brazil, S:t nosis

20. T. samoensis Grev. (1880). — Frustule strongly constricted in the middle. V. in length
0,095 to 0,12; B. 0,023 to 0,027 mm. Longitudinal band very obscure. Strie 16 to 19 in 0,01 mm.
somewhat more distant in the middle, punctate. -—- Plagiot. samoensis Grun. A. D. p. 67.

Marine: Samoa (Grun.), West Indies (Grun.).

21. T. Kinkeriana Cu. N. Sp. — V. strongly asymmetrical, not constricted in the middle.
L. 0,2; Height 0,032 mm. The broader side of the valve with a very broad band. Central area
small, but distinct. Transverse strie 14, longutndinel 17 in 0,01 mm. — PL. III f. 1, 2.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

22. T. lata Cu. N. Sp. — V. not constricted. L. 0,135; Height 0,035 mm. On the broader
side of the valve there is a band interupted in the middle. Transverse strie 18 in 0,01 mm.
punctate; puncta, about 23 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating, longitudinal rows. — Pl. Il f. 3, 4.

Marine: Java, Rembang Bay (Deby Coll.)!

23. T. recta Gree. (1857). — Frustule rectangular, with rounded angles, slightly constricted
in the middle. L. 0,08 to 0,09; B. 0,02 to 0,o28 mm. V. strongly inequilateral, without distinct
wing. Transverse strie 21 to 24 in 0,01 mm. -- Amphipr. recta Gruc. T. M. 8. Vol. V. p. 76
Pl. I f. 40. Plagiotr. recta Grun. Cu. M. D. N:o 310. Amphoropsis recta Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII
bis f. 9, 10.

Marine: Firth of Tay!

Var.? subplicata Grun. (1880). — L. 0,051; B. 0018 mm. Wing obscure. Transverse striee
17 in 0,01 mm. — dAmphipr. plicata v. subplicata Grun. A. D. p. 65 Pl. V f. 88.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

24. T. conserta Lewis. (1861). — Frustule membranaceous, rectangular, with rounded
angles, slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,08 to 0,10; B. 0,034 to 0.04 mm. V. lanceolate
Keel with a number of coarse, radiate ribs, — Amphipr. conserta Luwis. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of
Philad. 1861, Pl. I f. 5.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 29

Marine: Gullmarsfjord, Sweden! Atlantic coast of N. America (LEwIs.).

This species, which I have found at Fiskebackskil (West-coast of Sweden) mong Zostera, is
scarcely silicious, the frustules disappearing almost completely, if burnt on a glasscover.

This very interesting species, according to Luwis lives in colonies, and forms curved fila-
ments of 12 or more frustules. He figures such a colony in top-view, which shows that the
frustules keep in contact by means of the wings.

Other species, which perhaps belong to Amphoropsis are Amphipr.? paradoxa Grev. (Edinb.
N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 41 f. 21, 1863) remarkable for its coarsely moniliform strie, and Amph.
Thwaitesiana Grey. (1. c. p. 183 f. 9) notably distinguished by its strongly marked wings, which are
striate, other parts of the valve not showing any striation.

Dictyoneis Cx. (1890).

Valve elongated, panduriform or lanceolate. Median line straight with the terminal fissures
usually in contrary directions. Valve with double structure; the upper stratum finely punctate,
with puncta disposed in decussating rows; the interior stratum irregularly reticulate with rounded
cellules. Marginal cellules frequently later than the others, forming a row of false loculi. Con-
necting zone not complex.

The first known species of this genus is Navicula marginata Lewis. The larger marginal
cellules of several species give to the valves some appearance of Mastogloia, in which genus seve-
ral forms of Dictyoneis have by various authors been placed. In the year 1877 GRuNnow expresses
the opinion that the marginal cellules seem not to belong to a separate plate as in Mastogloia,
but to the valve itself and proposes a new genus for Mast.? reticulata and the allied species. In
the year 1890 I proposed (Diatomiste I p. 14) for this genus the name Dictyoneis, founded on the
peculiar structure of the valve. Unfertunately 1 have in that paper committed an error, as I then
supposed the stratum with coarse reticulations to be the upper instead of the lower.

The median line of most species of Dictyoneis i is straight and ends in terminal fissures, turned
in contrary directions. The central pores are moderately distant, except in D. naviculoides, where
they are very approximate. On both sides of the median line are narrow structureless zones, which
are more silicious than the other parts of the valve and are united to the central nodule.

The genus Dictyoneis is well distinguished from all the other naviculoid genera. Its syste-
matical place is doubtful, as there are no intermediate forms connecting it with other diatoms.
The structure of the outer stratum of the valve as well as the terminal fissures point perhaps
to some relation to Pleurosigma.

The species are all marine and belong to warmer seas. Fossil forms occur at Oamaru and in
Hungary.

This genus comprises forms, which are so closely connected, that the distinction of well
defined species is very difficult, as is frequently the case with truly natural groups. Such charac-
teristics as the outline of the valve, the coarseness of the reticulation etc. are very variable.

Artificial key.

1 pis cellules larger than the others ..... a Se 2 , : . 38

: — — not — SS aaa ie Ge. ee ee od ce ag SB
“9 { Valves panduriform. .. 2... 2 eee ee es ... .. D. jamaicensis Grev.
, gs Janceolate’ 4.45. sop Eta Re ae Ra Ele Re Ld wes D. naviculacea Cu.
Valve not constricted... 2. 7 we ew ee : J... D. Thumii Cr

3 { — slightly constricted : : . kee ee VAs

— strongly. ....... ; ; a Stes ieee et?. 10,

30 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

4 Marginal cellules of unequal size on sos .. « « D. panduriformis
oe equal EP ny pime oF ae : alan OR Bly a 5.

5. Cellales of thes valve 9 in 0,01 mm. fa pen kae Gintite 9 o subconstricta Cu.

‘ie — iv — ee 2 - owe. D. Pantocseki Cn.

6. {Sermons a narrow, linear : 3 m Gane ses . D. rugosa Temp. a. Br.
— broad “+ 4 cutasna wiles ae Tete. 5 finivecnd se a ae

a i cellules about 5 in Oot mm. «~~. 0. wee D. marginata Lewis.

— — 10 Pag ak ater .. . 4. . D. mastogloides Pant.

1. D. naviculacea Cx. (1890). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,09; B. 0,23 mm. Central nodule
very small, surrounded by a moderately large, orbicular area. Terminal fissures indistinct, turned
in the same direction. Cellules of the valve of about equal size, 10 in 0,01 mm. Transverse strie
not seen. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 15. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 34.

Marine: Pensacola, Florida!

This species, of which I have seen one specimen only, seems to be extremely rare.

2. D. jamaicensis Grev. (1868). — V. strongly constricted in the middle with cuneate or
elliptic-lanceolate segments and obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,12; B. 0,024 to 0,032, at the constriction
0,013 to 0,02 mm. Terminal fissures in opposite directions. Cellules of the valve about 11 in 0,01
mm., obscure around the central nodule. Transverse strive 24 to 27 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. jamai-
censis Grev. T. M.S. XIV p. 126 Pl. XII f. 23. Nav. tortuosa Luup.-Fortm. D. de Ceylan p. 34
Pl. IL f. 26 1879 ’Mastogloia? reticulata Peragallo D. de Villefr. Pl. II f. 10, 1888. — Pl. V f. 32.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)! Ceylon! Sumatra (Deby
Coll.)! Cebu (Grove Coll.)! New Guinea (Grove Coll.)! West Indies (GrREV.).

Var. gigantea Cu. — L. 0,21; B. 0,045 at the constriction 0,022 mm. Cellules about 16 in

0,01 mm. Strie 23 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)! — Pl. V f. 35, 36.

3. D. marginata Lewis (1861). — V. strongly constricted in the middle. L. 0,85 to 0,18;
B. 0,024 to 0,044, at the constriction 0,008 to 0,o22 mm. Segments cuneate to elliptical, with ob-
tuse extremities. Terminal fissures in opposite directions. Marginal cellules of equal size, 4 to 5
in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve 8 to 12 in 0,01 mm.

The following forms may be distinguished.

1 { Marginal cellules forming a broad band .. ....~ . .. . Var. spectatissima.
: —_ _— —_ TareOWe —) hts essa) tee et eae od 4s aE an oan we 2.
Valve about 3 times longer than broad. . ... .. 00 Oe ee 3.
2 — 4 eo) SE SS OL GS SLE Rl ae te Var. intermedia.
_— 5 to 6 — — eR ae Rae ay Gaieneciaa 4.
Segments cuneate. . ©. ........ Gis cy || gat ts Var. typica.
3. — elliptic-lanceolate ...... bei ib fee cee Bs cry Sete het . . Var. Janischii.
— elliptical with rounded ends... .. ....., » oe ee.) Var. Clevi.
it O74 to Opie mnms: 6 oe ee a oe BOR GR PA ace ae Var. commutata.
4 ;
T0518) MM ver ssa a ae OR a A RE RR ae ER BR Var. gigantea.

Var. typica Cu. — V. about 3 times longer than broad, deeply constricted, with cuneate,
obtuse segments. L. 0,085 to 0,15; B. 0,024 to 0,037, at the constriction 0,008 to 0,015 mm.
Marginal cellules 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm., forming a narrow band; cellules of the valve 8 to 12 in 0,01
mm., forming irregular, transverse rows. Transverse striz 26 to 27 in 0,01 mm. — Navicula mar-
ginata Lewis Proced. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1861 p. 64 Pl. I. f. 1. Nav. strangulata Grev. T. M.
S, XIV p. 126 Pl. XII f 24; 1866. — Nav. reticulata Grun. Hedwigia VI p. 26. Mastogloia?
reticulata Grun. M. M. J. 1877 p. 175 Pl. CXCV f. 4. Navic. Kossuthii Pant. 1 p. 26 Pl. XVI
f. 120; 1886. Dictyoneis marginata Cu. Diatomiste I p. 16 1890. A. S. Atl. Pl. CLX f. 20, 23,
28, 29. CLXXXVIII f. 47,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26, w:o 2. 31

Marine: Mediterranean Sea, Alexandria (Deby Coll.)! Levant (Grove Coll.)! Delaware (LEwis)
Florida! West Indies! Colon! Gulf of Mexico! Java (Ari.) Fossil Szakal, S:t Peter, Hungary,
(Pantocsek).

Var. Janischit Castr. (1886). — Segments elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,1; B. 0,025 to
0,03, at the constriction 0,015 mm. Marginal cellules 4 to 4, 5 in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. Transverse striz 26 to 27 in 0,01 mm. — Navic. Jan. Castr. D. Voyage
Challenger p. 29 Pl. XXX f. 5. Mastogloia reticulata var. japonica Brun. D. fossiles du Japon
p. 72; 1889. Dictyonets marginata A. S. Atl. CLX f. 17, 18, 19, 21. D. marg. v. Jan. A. 8. Atl.
CLXXXVIII f. 50.

Marine: Madagascar (Brun Coll.)! Cebu! Java (Atl.), Japan (Atl.), Samoa (Atl). Galapagos
Islands! Bermudas (Castr.) Florida! Campeachy Bay! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Oamaru fossil, (Atl.)

Var. Clevei Brun. (1889). — Segments broad, elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,11 to 0,125;
B. 0,042, at the constriction 0,013 mm. Marginal cellules 3 to 4 in 0,01 mm. — Mastogloia Clevei
Brun a. Temp. D. foss du Japon p. 39 PL IX £18. D. margin. v. Clevei A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVIII, 46.

Marine: Java! Japan fossil and living, (Brow). =

Var. intermedia Cu. — Segments narrow, elliptical. L. 0,12; B, 0,03, at the constriction
0,014 mm. Marginal cellules 4 in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve 10 in 0,01 mm. Transverse
striz 24 in 0,01 mm. — Mastogloia Clevei Brun. A. S. Atl. Pl. CLX f. 34, 35.

Marine: Nossi Bé (Brun Coll.)! Japan (Atl).

Var. commutata Cu. — V. about 6 times longer than broad, gently constricted in the middle.
Segments narrow, elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate. Ends obtuse. L. 0,11 to 0,12; B. 0,021 to 0,025,
at the constriction 0,01 to 0,12 mm. Marginal cellules 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve
12 in 0,01 mm. Transverse strie 25 in 0,01 mm. — Dictyoneis marginata f. elongata A. S. Atl.
CLX f. 30.

Marine: Manila (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Cam-
peachy Bay! Rio Janeiro (Deby Coll.)!

Var. gigantea Cu. — V. as in the Var. commutata. L. 0,18; B. 0,044, at the constriction
0,o22 mm. Marginal cellules 4 in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve 9 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

Var. spectatissima Gruv. (1866). — V. strongly constricted, with cuneate, obtuse segments.
L. 0,09 to 0,18; B. 0,03, at the constriction 0,013 mm. Marginal cellules broad, 4 in 0,01 mm.
Cellules of the valve coarse, 8 in 0,01 mm. Transverse strizv 23 in 0,01 mm. — Navic. spectatissima
Grev. T. M.S. Vol. XIV p. 84 Pl. IX f. 29. Dictyoneis spect. A. S. Atl. CLX f. 24 to 26, 32.

Marine: Zanzibar (Grev.) Seychelles (Van Heurcks Coll.)! Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Campeachy
Bank (Atl).

4. D. Thumii Cr. (1890). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,11 to 0,15; B. 0,022
to 0,032 mm. Terminal fissures in contrary directions. Marginal cellules 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm., of
equal size. Cellules of the valve about 11 in 0,01 mm. Transverse strie 24 to 25 in 0,01 mm. —
Cl. Diatomiste I p. 15. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 33. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 44, 45.

Marine: Red Sea (Atl.) Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Java! Cebu! China! Brazil. (Atl).

D. Thumis is nearly akin to D. marginata var. commutata. The fig. 81 Pl. CLX and fig,
49 Pl. CLXXXVIII in A. 8. Atl. seem to represent intermediate forms, as also Pseudodictyoneis
hungarica Pant. III Pl. I f. 8.

5. D. subconstricta Cu. N. Sp. — V. slightly constricted, with broad, elliptic-lanceolate
segments. L. 0,055 to 0,083; B. 0,024 to 0,03, at the constriction 0,018 mm. Marginal cellules 4
in 0,01 mm. Cellules of the valve 9 in 0,01 mm. Transverse striz 23 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. Vf. 81.

Marine: Madagascar! Cebu! Campeachy Bay!

This form is nearly akin to D. marginata var. Janischii and is perhaps more correctly to
be appreciated as a less constricted form of this variety.

32 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

6. D. mastogloidea Panr. (1886). — V. strongly constricted, with cuneate, obtuse ends.
L, 0,078; B. 0,024; at the constirction 0,013 mm. Marginal cellules about 10 in 0,01 mm. Cellules
of the valve 14 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. mast. Pant. I. p. 27 Pl. XXI f. 192.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species appears, to judge from the fig. in Pantocsek’s work, to connect D. marginata,
and D. jamaicensis ays

7. D. rugosa Temp. a. Brun. (1889). — V. narrow, about 7 times longer than broad, gently
constricted, and with linear, subtruncate segments. LL. 0,2 to 0,225; B. 0,026 to 0,03, at the con-
striction 0,013 mm. Terminal fissures in contrary directions. Marginal cellules small, 5 in 0,01
mm. Cellules of the valve obscure. — Mastogloia rugosa Temp. a. Brun. D. foas. du Japon p. 39
Pl. IX f. 20. Dictyoneis rugosa Cu. Diatomiste I. p. 17. A. 8S. Atl. CLX f. 33. .

Marine: Japan, fossil (Temp. Br.).

8. D. Pantocsekii Cu. (1890). — V. gently constricted, with tongue-shaped segments and
obtuse extremities. LL. 0,11; B. 0,034, at the constriction 0,027 mm. Median line with the termi-
nal fissures in contrary directions and approximate central pores. Marginal cellules 5 in 0,01 mm.,
of equal size, forming an uninterupted marginal band. Cellules of the valve about 17 in 0,01 mm.,
arranged in irregularly undulating transverse and longitudinal rows. Transverse strie 25 in 0,01
mm. — Navic. mastogloidea Pant. II Pl. XXVI f. 887. — Dict. Pant. Cu. Diatomiste I p. 16.

Marine: Hungary, fossil!

9. D. panduriformis Cu. (1881). — V. slightly constricted, with tongue-shaped segments
and obtuse ends. L. 0,097; B. 0,027, at the constriction 0.019 mm. Terminal fissures in contrary
directions. Marginal cellules about 4 in 0,01 mm., af unequal size, absent in the middle and at
the ends. Transverse striz 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — Mastogloia panduriformis Cu. N. R. D. p. I
Pl. If. 1. Dict. pand. Cu. Diatomiste I p. 16; 1890.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

Pleurosigma W. Sm. (1852).

Valve linear to lanceolate, more or less sigmoid, symmetrical. Median line sigmoid with
small central nodule and the ends turned in contrary directions. Axial area indistinct. Central
area indistinct or small. Structure: small puncta disposed in transverse and oblique rows. No lon-
gitudinal lines. Frustule with narrow, simple zone, arcuate or not. — Cell-contents (of P. angula-
tum) two chromatophores, indented at their margins. The median part of each chromatophore
branches into a large elongated lobe along the interior of one of the valves, and into two similar
lobes on the other valve. Division begins by a fissure across the median lobe. After the division
of the cell the parts of the chromatophore migrate to the inner side of the old valves (O. Muuzr,
Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1883 p. 478).

The sigmoid Navicule were named Navicula Sigma by Eurenpere. Hassatt (A. History of
Brit. Freshw. Algae 1845 p. 435) proposed for them the name Gyrosigma, which was adopted by
Rapennorst (Die Siissw. Diat. 1853) but not by other diatomists, who preferred the newer name
Plewrosigma formed 1852 by W. Smrru, who published the first monograph of the species (Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. IX p. 1). The genus Pleurosigma, as accepted by all diatomists, includes
forms with a structure of small puncta or alveoli, disposed in transverse rows, which are crossed
by other rows, either longitudinal, or obliquely decussating. There are no intermediate forms be.
tween these two types, and I think they may justly be regarded as different genera. For the
forms with the puncta in transverse and longitudinal rows, I adopt the name Gyrosigma, although,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 33

as GruNow remarks, this name involves a tautology. For the forms with the puncta disposed in
transverse and oblique rows, I reserve the name Pleurosigma. In Pleurosigma I also include such
of the forms of the Grunowian genus Rhoicosigma, as have the same disposition of the striz as
the true Pleurosigma. I have also included in Pleurosigma the Donkinie with decussating strie,
The generic name Staurosigma may be abolished as it was founded in 1860 by Grunow for Ehren-
bergs Stauroneis Sigma, which is nothing but a frustule of P. Normanii var. fossilis (Perag. Monogr.
de Pleuros. p. 26). For the few asymmetrical forms of Pleurosigma Donkin proposed in 1858
(Trans. Micr. Soc. Vol. VI) the generic name Toxonidea. I felt at first inclined to include these
forms in the genus Pleurosigma, but as such a change would be of little importance and the name
Toxonidea is so generally in use, I have decided to retain the latter genus.

Pleurosigma, as here defined, comprises a large number of closely connected forms and is
not nearly related to any known genus, with the exception of Toxonidea. Among the Navicule
some few forms (N. Placenta Euz., N. Quincunx CL.) have the same disposition of the alveoli, but
in other respects they are different. The same disposition of the alveoli is found also on the keel
of Amphiprora gigantea, and in a few Mastogloie.

All true Pleurosigma-forms are marine. A few are pelagic in their habits. They occur in
all parts of the world.

The distinction of species is a matter of difficulty. Grunow has in his monograph (Arct.
Diat. 1880) used as characteristics for the groups the angle at which the oblique rows of puncta
cross each other. PrragaLto (Monographie du genre Pleurosigma, Diatomiste 1890—91) has adopted
the same method, which I think cannot well be maintained as a natural arrangement. —

Artificial key.

L ia very slightly or scarcely sigmoid. . aca ae - : 2.
sigmoid SS ee RE he peewee Sod ana OS 53 14.
9. co" line straight, central. ........ we Bly eR cece Tah A OBB
— sigmoid SS a ee : Z ‘ , . 10.
3, = rostrate . . ay ae See daP calenhuiny Guest sea ede : 2 cuspidatum Cu.
? SMOG aie Gals wy 6 a eS ap hy in toad . 4.
A ee oblique ees: more distant than the others... Se eon o sieedbene eas GRuN.
— not _ _— Uy ee aes ee ee ee ae 5.
5, {Tranveree and oblique strie equidistant Soni as Unt macs see de oO)
strie closer than the oblique eg ie. ote fe
6. ary rhomboid-lanceolate : a . P. directum Gruy.
narrow linear-lanceolate . . P. nubecula W. Su.
Ends with a lunate mark .. ..... ; . . P. Hudon Pant.
7.
oe without — nn er ra 2 sa A 8 it! ip 28
8. Valve lanceolate... 2... .. 2... eee Sats .. . .P. galapagense Cu.
es narrow, linear-lanceolate , 9.
9. eae strie 19 in Oo1 mm. «1... ... ; P. Peragalli Brun.
— 28 _— 8: plat P. ibericum Perr.
10. gear oblique striw more distant fitun the vthers BM tdi Ree ORT Ae eee 11.
— not _— _— _— ae F wom way 12,
11. es narrow-lanceolate ...... Be us a wits oe P. shi eadtateitin BREB.
broadly go 4G Aon we Hs : kiBe Pee Be G P. hungaricum Br. «a. Cv.
Ends rostrate. ........0.4. eRe. OES ‘ P. lanceolatum Donk.
12.
— TOG! 6) ace BR Boe ce, Gime Genter s3 im cataesa ae MOS ster 13. |
Ends acute... .«..... Be ecto utes 2.15 eu . . .P. pelagicum Prr.
ie eS ObtuUse: 32. “wGoue gle a ea ee ae wee... PB. marinum Dork.
Median: dine: central oe ceisk aa we SS Ae OE Se ee oye ay TB:
14,
ee a OROONEPIC G. Sa go chr ee Sohlugae & ecw @ Ce Gch? Lewes Hedi na . . 80.
15 ee 14 to 20 times longer than broad. ........ P. Clevet Grun. (P. longum var.)
: <i) AOSOF Tes8? wap a eR ee ee Ee 16.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. Band 26. Ni:o 2. 5*

34 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

16 Median obigye strie more distant than the others... .. - Par oe” Hs 17.
: SEP NO bee WIN ede eae. PON, OA ee Se at Geel sy he ee 18.
17. Valve ihe lamesiate epee pista Ser ee thi pastas ea tein =a .. QP. australe Grun.
lanceolate: (6.4. dk. voe a oe ee ee Ck ok P. Normanii Raur.
ne sauvern and oblique striw equidistant . ... ay will Goths Secen aoe e 19.
18. strie closer than the oblique . «1... ee ee ee es 21.
-— more distant Ro de Sal Me a hota sge ae! OR, SB i BE ye Oe A 24.
19. Valve TALLOW: 26 ee eee E, Be oh BS Pea 0S P. delicatulum W. Su.
Irae broad) yo A Gow ee we Be ee Be ee ee ele a ae he ae 20.
90. Stris: 28 invO 01M. oy ie ge a I ee Oe Be P. javanicum Grun.
VS HO828 4 eo Sse Bes I Ga ods a ae a ed P. angulatum Quek.
91. Obligne strie at an angle of 90 ©. 2. 1. ee 22.
—_ about 60" «6.0 we oe BE eS P. elongatum W. Sm.
Ends with a othe SAT. Gea as eRe es ee ee P. kerguelense Grun.
22.
without So Bihan ea. Berit ae «Ae es EA whee “Eaten tie tak Graig ss 23.
Median line central at the ends 2. 2. ee P. longum Cu.
23. cate
= OXCONTIC. 444 Gh ee Se Soe ee a ee aw P. subrigidum Grun.
24 ‘Ends ODGUSOS Guy eo ce Gas es tee Sep ehh es aS sates Gon Walp EBT ERE car. SOHO sue WEE, LE abs Agee ee ets 25.
: ACULE: bak ar. Ge Seles Ge GO wh oe Boe Soke ee a Gl Adal BP Oats 28.
25 Valve large, about 0,3 mm. in length... .. 2... . 2.2.2... ee ee ee ee 26.
. smal} — Off -— ~Or-lé6Se sk ye hon SBA ee we Ew Eee 27.
Valve StPale ht alae te ae Ae sas ee as eae ip ae & Ae ke ge GE. P. rigidum W. Sm.
26.
SIGMOMM: 2s 4/8 WS Be OB tl Fe Anny alle ie es Sa P. prelongum Cu.
97. Transverse strie 24 in 001 mm... ..........0050 2080484 P. salinarum Gron.
— 27 Be) RS ie BRO BSN: ae nde OM ge 8 ... P. minutum Gro.
Valve linear, strongly sigmoid at the ends ... ........+0.6., P. Brunii Cu.
28.
lanceolate — — SE AM siete nts Sh ee Sie ay ee pee cod aint 29.
99, hea strie 17 in 0,01 mm. ae Ge eee Satchels P. Griindleri Grun.
==) QI te R40 Se ae ee we eRe ee P. Stuxbergii Cu. a. Gr.
30, Median line flexuose. .........-.. . P. incertum Pur. (P. falcatum Donx).
SMO ara ots, tk, ae olay tet wk E lae Wee ade we Ge eet se ie Reed 31.
31. Median line enclosed between jonpitadinal Vines! x5. at bes es ... BP. Boul Cu.
— not —_— _ ey et a KR ea ie gh aes oe 32.
39. Central aver lage: <2 Ga, Ses pte ae wip Ge nat Te eRe eee P. umbilicatum Cu.
small or indistinct. ....... Da th bee sony Hiaasen adh fie te vires fl sae Geo eee 33.
33, Obligne strie at an angle of 90° 644 2 ge 48 eR oe wR ew SE 34.
_— = Jess than: 90? fos se BO oe ee ee 37.
34, Valve broad: lancedlate. 2222 ek ae we a Sle ee nee 36.
narrow, linear-lanceolate . 2. 6 1 6 ww ee 36.
Median aoe strie more obtuse than the others ............ P. majus Gaon.
35.
— not _— ee Oe eat Bh a ee a . P. Heros Cu.
36. [Pratl are arcuate). 3: Ghee ew P. Weissflogit ‘Gien (P. formosum var. Arcus).
Banat J) AP at ve tae - Ricm rear Wie pce tly ted sete at Binsin dah ok P. formosum W. Sm.
37. Valve Paice eee Lich mie ep Brae. ae eb Ease Sates ane ay ds Sohn Oh tee ead 38.
: Tanceolaters oa sine eh oe 8 aha ete wk ase te hee ie ete ae Ns eed 40.
38, f Fave on CALINATED: o~s sehse bee We ae ES ee ee a ee AS rode P. carinatum Donx.
dE pasapennn Ch « Sa pearhee ae Gey es che Ge Sacre cede ety Rn eo Aa Cees ck wa hal rahe at Petco oe 39.
Median ae strongly excentric .............004. . . P. obscurum W. Su.
39. ‘
— excentric in the ends. ..........00 56 seas P. speciosum W. Sm.
jena subrostrate: <.o 6 44 ke ok GY See we ae . P. Hstuarii Brus.
40.
TOUS: waste nc Ge. Sosa tented Gibian AG aan sapUteite aioe ater Gai AUD ht ohio Le e « as 44:
Valve. rhomboidal 3% a sie ch oe I ea Bee ee ea 42.
41.
narrow lanceolate: as: eee 8 gS we SR ROD ae ee 43.
49. | Trnava striw about 17 in 001mm... ... 2... 2... P. rhombeum Grun.
— 24 Se sha eee ad BOA At vs »... P. latum Cu.
is aaa about 22 in 001mm. .........60.-000 0000484 P. acutum Norm
43, ;
— 20 Sse Dn ree a Aw ei Aa eo ae ge P. maroccanum Ot.

1. P. Nubecula W. Sm. (1853). — V. narrow lanceolate, not, or slightly, sigmoid, with sub-

cute ends, L. 0,095 to 0,16; B. 0,016 to 0,02 mm. Median line straight, central. Transverse and

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 35

oblique striz equidistant, 20 to 24 in 0,01 mm.; angle about 60°. — P. Nubecula W. Sm. B. D. I
p. 64 Pl. XXIJ f. 201. Grun. A. D. p. 52. Per. Vf. 26. P. Nub. var. parvula Grun. A. D. p. 52.
P. Thumii Castr. in Per. p. 14 Pl. V f. 25 (1891).

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Adriatic (Grun.), Sumatra (var. in L. 0,14; B. 0,014 mm.
Striz 26 in 0,01 mm.)! California!

Var. intermedia W. Sm. (1853). — L. 0,14 to 0,44; B. 0,02 to 0,o22 mm. Strie 20 to 22 in
0,01 mm. — P. interm. W. Su. B. D. I p. 64 Pl. XXI f. 200. V. H. Syn. p. 116 Pl. XVIII f. 6.
Per. p. 13 Pl. Vf. 27, 28.

Marine: North Sea! Port Jackson!

Var. amphipleuroides Grun. (1867). —. L. 0,13 to 0,3 mm. Strie 24 to 27 in 0,01 mm. — P.
interm. v. amphipl. Grun. Hedwigia 1867 p. 29.

Marine: Honduras (Gron.).

Var. subrecta Cu. (1880). — L. 0,28; B. 0,022 mm. Transv. and obl. striz 1/,,, !"/,,, 18/9 in
0,o1 mm. — P. subrect. Cu. A. D. p. 14 Pl. III f. 72. Per. V, 30. P. elongatum var. balearica
Per p. 7 PL IL f. 22.

Marine: Greenland! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Balearic Islands!

Var. mauritiana Gru. (Ms). — L. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Transv. and obl.
striz 22,5 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Mauritius (Gron.).

There is no difference between P. Nubecula and P. intermedium except in the size. By its
varieties P. Nubecula is closely connected with P. elongatum.

2. P. Peragalli Bruy. (1891). — V. narrow lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle
to the obtuse ends. L. 0,3; B. 0,04 mm. Central nodule small, rounded. Median line straight,
central. Transverse strie closer than the oblique. Transv. and obl. striz 1%/,, (PgR), 7*/;, (BrRuN’s
fig.) in 0,01 mm. — P. Perag. Brun. in Pr. p. 9 Pl. IIT f. 20. D. esp. n. Pl. XX f. 6.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun.).

Var. perangusta Cl. — L. 0,3; B. 0,018 to 0,024 mm. Transy. and obl. strie 1%/,,, %/1,
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)! Balearic Islands!

Var. gracilior Cu. — L. 0,18; B. 0,012 mm. Transv. and obl. strie *4/,, in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)!

This species seems to be nearest akin to P. subrigidum and P. longum. It has exactly the
shape of P. intermedium, but the striation is different.

3. P. ibericum Per. (1891). —- V. narrow lanceolate, with slightly rostrate, obtuse ends.
L. 0,09 to 0,12; B. 0,015 to 0,02 mm. Median line central, slightly flexuose, curved at the ends.
Transy. and obl. striee 22/45, 8/9 (PER.), %5/.,; in 0,o1 mm. Median striz less acute. — Pur. p. 8
Pl. IIT f. 12.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

4. P. cuspidatum Ct. (1881). — V. broad, lanceolate, scarcely sigmoid, with produced and
rostrate ends. L. 0,077 to 0,1; B. 0,022 to 0,025 mm. Median line straight, central. Transv. and
obl. striee "9/15, 2%/o, 1%/s9, */o0, 7*/o, in 0,01 mm. — P. lanceolatum var. cusp. Cu. N. R. D. p. 5
Pi, 1 £, 7. Pur. Y. £. 16.

Marine: Firth of Tay! Port Jackson!

5. P. direectum Grun. (1880). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,243; B. 0,04 mm,
Median line straight, central. Transv. and obl. strive 18,5 in 0,01 mm. Angle 60°. — Grun. A. D.
_p. 53. Cu. M. D. N:o 125. Pur. V. f. 29.

Marine: Antarctic Ocean (GrRUN.).

36 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

6. P. galapagense Ct. N. Sp. — V. scarcely sigmoid, lanceolate, tapering from the middle
to the subacute ends. L. 0,17; B. 0,046 mm. Median line straight, central. Transv. and obl. striz
177, in 0,01 mm. Angle about 90°. — Pl. IV f. 16.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

This form is nearly akin to P. nicobaricum, but differs by the thadion trian, which are not
more distant than the terminal.

7. P. Eudon Pant. (1886). — V. scarcely sigmoid, lanceolate, tapering from the middle to
the subacute ends. L. 0,28; B. 0,05 mm. Median line straight, central. Transv. and obl. strie
13/,, (on the fig. in Payt.). Ends of the valve with a lunate marking. — Pant. I p. 30 Pl. XXI
f. 190. Perr. II f. 21.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Panr.).

8. P. nicobaricum Groun. (1867). — V. scarcely sigmoid, lanceolate, gradually tapering from
the middle to the subacute ends. L. 0,14; B. 0,035 to 0,o4 mm. Median line central, straight.
Oblique strize more distant in the middle. Transverse strie coarser than the oblique (15 to 16 in
0,o1 mm. according to Gruy.). Transv. and obl. striz 24/,, in 0,01 mm. (PeRag.). Median oblique
strie 20, terminal 24 in 0,51 mm. (PeRaa.). — P. validum var.? nicob. Grun. Novara p. 101 Pl. I.
A. f. 20. P. nicobar. Grun. A. D. p. 51. Pur. p. 10 Pl. IV f. 9. P. affine var. nicob. Grun. in
V. H. Syn. Suppl. Pl. C. f. 34.

Marine: Nankoori, fossil (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.).

Var. Sagitta Brun. and Temp. (1889). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. LL. 0,15 to 0,175; B. 0,03
to 0,036 mm. Median oblique striz 12 to 14, terminal 17 to 20 in 0,01 mm. (Brun.). — P. Sagttta
Bron: and Temp. D. foss. du Japon p. 49 Pl. IX f. 19. Psp. IV f. 18.

Marine: Japan, foss. (BRUN.).

Var. hamulifera Brun. (1889). — V. rhomboidal. L. 0,09 to 0,12; B. 0,025 to 0,03 mm.
Median line central, straight, curved at the ends. Median oblique strie more distant than the
terminal strie which are at an acuter angle. Transy. and obl. striz *'/,, (21 to 24 Bruny) in 0,01
mm. — P. hamuliferwum Brun. D. foss. du Japon p. 48 Pl. IX f. 5. Pur. p. 13 PL Vf 31. P.
nicob. var. indica Prr. IV f. 12.

Marine: Japan (Brun.), China (Deby Coll.)! Sumatra (Psp).

The original P. nicobaricum greatly resembles my P. galapagense, but according to Grunow
(A. D.) it is nearly akin to P. affine and the fig. in V. H. Syn. evidently represents a form akin
to P. Normaniw. This is also the case with P. Sagitta Brun. As to P. hamuliferum I have not
seen Brun’s original specimens, and his description of the striation is incomplete. In Deby’s collec-
tion I have seen a specimen closely resembling P. hamuliferum and evidently nearly akin to P.
Normanii. It closely resembles P. nicob. var. indica Pur. It seems probable that the original P. nico-
baricum may be identical with P. galapagense, and that P. nicob, Grun. in V. H. Syn., Pzr, gra-
duates into P. Normanii.

9. P. naviculaceum Brés. (1854). — V. not, or slightly sigmoid, lanceolate, acute. L. 0,08
0,1; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Median oblique striz more distant than
the terminal,'which are at an acuter angle. Transv. and obl. striz '%/,,, !9/,,, 2°/,.. — P. navic. Bris.
Mém. de la Soc. du Cherb. 1854 f. 7. Grun. A. D. p. 51. V. H. Syn. Suppl. Pl. ©. f£. 35. P.
transversale W. Sm. B. D. II p. 96 (1856). P. japonicum Castr. D. Challenger Ex. XXIX f. 14.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean! Ceylon! Java! Labuan!

Forma minuta. L. — 0,05; B. 0,015 mm. Transv. and obl. strie ce

Marine: Sumatra! Bab el Mandeb.!

10. P. hungarieum Bron. and Ct. (1889). — V. broadly rhomboidal, slightly sigmoid, acute.
L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,045 to 0,06 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Central nodule orbicular.
Median oblique strie forming a larger angle than the terminal, which are more acute. Transy.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 37

and obl. strie 18/,, (2°/,, Perag.) in 0.o. mm. — Broun. and Temp. D. foss. du Japon p. 48 Pl. IX
t. %.. PER. py 11 Pl, 1V £14.
Marine: Hungary, Kekké! Japan (Bron.).

11. P. pelagicum Per. (1891). — V. scarcely sigmoid, lanceolate, acute. L. 0,16 to 0,17;
B. 0,023 to 0,025 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Median oblique strie not more distant than
the others. Transv. and obl. stricz 7/,5, 22/45. Angle about 65°. — P. acutum var. australica and
P. pelagicum Pur. p. 7 Pl. III f. 3. _

Marine (pelagic.): Bay of Bengal! Java (Deby Coll.)!

This species was mistaken by me for P. acutwm var. austral., which is more like the fig. 2
Pl. III in Psr. Monograph. It seems nevertheless akin to P. acutwm, and to be related to that
species as P. naviculaceum is to P. Normanii.

12. P. lanceolatum Donx. (1858). — V. scarcely sigmoid lanceolate, with slightly pro-
tracted acute ends. L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,023 to 0,025 mm. Median line flexuose. Transv. and obl.
strie equidistant 20 to 22 in 0,01 mm. Angle about 60°. — Donk. T. M. S. 1858 p. 22 Pl. III
f. 4. Grun. A. D. p. 53. Psp. p. 12 Pl. Vf. 14. P. transversale 6 Roper M. J VI p. 25 Pl. III
f. 11. P. estuarii Pur. V. f. 13?

Marine: Coasts of Scotland and England!

Var. tahitensis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,118; B. 0,016 mm. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. — P. lane.
var. tahit. Grun. A. D. p. 53.

Marine: Tahiti (Grun.).

The median strie of P. lanceolatum are a little more distant than the terminal, which
points to an affinity with P. naviculacewm. On the other hand it is nearly related to P. estuarii,
into which species it seems to graduate.

13. P. marinum Donk. (1858). — V. very slightly sigmoid, lanceolate, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,11 to 0,18; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Median line undulating, excentric towards the ends. Central
nodule rounded. Transv. and obl. striz 7/15, %%/s, %/o3, 25/2, (Barbados). — Donx. T. M. 8. VI
p- 22 Pl. III f. 3. Per. IL f. 11. P. mar. var. Antillarum Pur. p. 8 Pi. DT f. 19. P. mar. var.
barbadensis Grun. A. D. p. 50.

Marine: Coasts of England and Scotland! Port Jackson! Labuan! Barbados!

Var. italica Prr. (1891). — L. 0,3 to 0,32; B. 0,o68 mm. Central nodule quadrate. Transv.
and obl. striz '6/,, (Pur.), 18/,, (PER), '/,;, 1%5/;5. — Pl. ital. Pur. p. 8 Pl. III f. 10.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Adriatic!

14. P. Clevei Gruy. (1880). — V. slightly sigmoid, very narrow, with attenuate ends. L.
0,14 to 0,21; B. 0,0095 to 0,01 mm. Median line central. Transv. and obl. striz 2%/,, in 0,01 mm.
— Grun. A. D. p. 52 Pl. TIT f 70. Pur. V. fig. 17, 18.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Var. sibirica Grun. Ms. — V. gradually tapering on the middle to the subacute ends. L.
0,2; B. 0,011 mm. Transv. and obl. strie 28 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Cape Wankarema (Grun.).

Var. cornuta Grun. Ms. — V. narrow lanceolate, attenuate into long narrow beaks. L. 0,12;
B. 0,0075 mm. Transv. and obl. strie 25 in 0,01 mm.

‘Marine: Coast of Northumberland (Grun.).

Var. fossilis Bron. (1891). — Similar to var. cornuta. L. 0,2; B. 0,015 mm. Transv. and
obl. striz *4/.. in 0,01 mm. — Pur. p. 13 Pl. V ff. 19.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun.).

15. P. delicatulum W. Sm. (1852) — V. narrow lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, gradually ta-
pering from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,15, to 0,28; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Median line

38 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

slightly excentric towards the ends. Transv. and obl. strie 25 in 0,01 mm. — P. delic. W. Sm.
Ann. Mag. Nat. H. [2| IX p. 6 PL If 5. B.D. Ip. 64 Pl. XXIf. 202. Per. p. 13 Pl. V f. 20 to 22.

Brackish water: North Sea! Caspian Sea (Gruy.), Red Sea (Grun.)! Massachusetts! Hondu-
ras (GRUN.). .

Var. obtusiuscula Grun. Ms. — More obtuse. L. 0,165; B. 0.0195 mm. Striz 22,5 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Granton Quarry (GRUN.).

Var. africana GRUN. (1879). — L. 0,18 to 0,19; B. 0,014 to 0,018 mm. Transy. and obl. strie
23/,, in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in Cu. M. D. N:o 197.

Brackish water: South Africa!

Var. americana Cu. — L. 0,28; B. 0,02 mm. Transv. and obl. strie 19 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: Quincy, Mass.!

16. P. elongatum W. Sm. (1852). — V. slightly sigmoid, elongated, gradually emaate | to
the acute ends. L. 0,13 to 0,38; B. 0,024 to 0,03 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid.
Transv. and obl. strie 18/14, 1/15, 2%/17, 2%/ig, 1g in 001 mm. — W. Sm. Ann. M. Nat. H. [2] IX
p 6PlLIif4 B.D.I, Pl XX f 199. Per. Il f. 5 to 8.. P. angulatum var. elongat. V. H. Syn.
p- 115 Pl. XVIII f. 7. P. elongatum var. gracilis Grun. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 115 Pl. III f. 7. Pur.
II f. 20, 21.

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! North Sea! Atlantic coast of North America! Mediterra-
nean Sea! Adriatic! Java! Sumatra! China! Tahiti! Halle in Saxony! Baltic! Caspian Sea (Grun.)
Médoc (Prr.).

Var. gracilescens Grun. (1880). — V. very narrow, gently sigmoid, with acute ends. L. 0,204;
B. 0,016 mm. Median line central. Transv. and obl. striae 1/,,; in 0,01 mm. — P. gracilescens
Grun. A. D. p. 50. Pur. p. 7 Pl. Til f. 9.

Marine: Seychelles (GRUN.).

P. elongatum is very nearly akin to P. delicatulum, but the transverse striz are a little
closer than the oblique and it has a perfectly central median line. Still these characteristics
seem not to be constant, as I have forms of the shape of P. delicatulum with the striation of P.
elongatum (specimens from Java and Sumatra have the form of P. delicatulum and transv. obl.
striae 17, '%/11):

Var. fallax Grun. (1880). — V. gently sigmoid, narrow linear or lanceolate. L. 0,1 to 0,17;
B. 0,022 to 0,024 mm. Median line sigmoid, central. Transv. and obl. striz ?4/,,, 24/95, 73/,, in
0,01 mm. — Grun. A. D. p. 50 Pl. TI f. 66. Pur. IT fi 23.

Marine: Finmark, Sea of Kara (Grun.), Sumatra (Deby coll.)!

Specimens from Sumatra are much more narrow than the fig. in A. D. and resemble greatly
P. delicatulum, but have the median line perfectly central.

Var. kariana Grun. (1880). — L. 0,2 to 0,21; B. 0,02 to 0,022 mm. Median line perfectly
central. Transv. and obl. striz 7/15, 78/.9 in 0,01 mm. — P. delic. var.? kariana Grun. A. D. p. 50
Pl. ITI f. 69. P. karianum Per. p. 6.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Gruv.).

This form connects P. elongatum with P. longum.

17. P. longum Cz. (1873). — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, with acute
ends. L. 0,18 to 0,3; B. 0,018 to 0,021 mm. Median line central. Transv. and obl. striee _
20/,., 1/,, in 0,01 mm. — Cu. D. of Arct. Sea p. 19 Pl. UI f. 14. Grow. A. D. p. 49 PL. IIT f£ 71.
Prr. IT f. 2.

Marine: Greenland! Spitzbergen!

Var. americana Per. (1891). — V. narrow lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,35 to 0,4; B.
0,02 to 0,025 mm. Median line very slightly excentric at the ends. Transy. and obl. strie 19)
(Per.) 17/,, in 0,01 mm. — P. decorum var. americ, Pur. p. 5 Pl. If. 9.

Marine: Connecticut!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMJENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 39

Var. inflata Pur. (1891). — V. lanceolate, sigmoid, acute. L. 0,32: B. 0,o4 mm. Transv.
and. obl. strie '/,, in 0,01 mm. — P. decorum var. infl. Per. p. 5 PI. I f. 10.
Marine: Corsica (PER.).

18. P. kerguelense Gru. (1880). — V. linear, elongated, slightly sigmoid, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,27 to 0,38; B. 0,023 to 0,026 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid. Ends of the valve
with a lunate marking. Transv. and obl. striw 1/,, in 0,01 mm. — Grun. A. D. p. 49. Per. II f. 1.
Margine: Kerguelens Land!

19. P. subrigidum Gruy. (1880). — V. linear, gently sigmoid, with obtuse ends. L. 0,29
to 0,32; B. 0,028 to 0,03 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid at the ends. Transv. and obl.
striz 165/,, (GRruN.) 1%/,,, 18/,,. — Grun. A. D. p. 49. Pur. II f. 3.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Sumatra (Deby coll.)!

All the above species from P. Clevei to P. subrigidum form a closely connected series.
P. subrigidum is, by its striation and the excentricity of the median line towards the ends, con-
nected with P. speciosum.

20. P. salinarum Grun. (1878). — V. linear to narrow lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, obtuse.
L. 0,104 to 0,13; B. 0,015 to 0,017 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid. Central nodule
elongated. Transv. and obl. strize 77/.;, ¥/o¢, 78/27, */og. — P. délicatulum var. salin. Grun. Casp. Sea
Alg. p. 116. P. sal. Grun. A. D. p. 54. Prr. VI f. 16.

Brackish water: Sweden, Lysekil! Kissingen (Grun.), Caspian Sea (Grun.), Bengal! Sumatra!

Var. pusilla Grun. (1880). — L. 0,074 to 0,094; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Transv. and obl.
striz 73/,,, 73/5,. — P. pusillum Grun. A. D. p. 54. Perr. VI, f. 15.

Fresh water: Bengal (Gruy.).

Var. paradoza Prr. (1891). — L. 0,044; B. 0,017 mm. Transv. and. obl. striz 18/,5, 1%/,, in
0,01 mm. — P. parad. Per. p. 16 Pl. VI f. 13.

Marine: Connecticut, Morris Creek (Pzr.).

21. P. prelongum Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, slender, slightly sigmoid, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,3 to 0,4; B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid. Transv. and obl. strie
20/45, “1/5, in 001 mm. — Pl VI f. 2 (Part II Pl. If. 2).

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Elephanta, Bombay (Grove coll.)!

This large form, widely distributed in the Arctic Seas, may be P. Longine W. Sm. (Bright-
well; M. J. VII p. 180 Pl. IX f. 7, 1859. Pr. VIII f. 3) from the arctic regions. At least the
outline and the median line are exactly similar. I know of no arctic form agreeing with the de-
scription of BricHTWELL. Prra@aLio believes that P. Longine may be a form of P. robustum, but
the latter species occurs only in warmer seas and has an excentric median line.

22. P. rigidum W. Sm. (1853). — V. linear lanceolate, almost straight, with truncate ends.
L. 0,3 to 0,36; B. 0,04 to 0,054 mm. Median line central. Transv. and obl. strie 18/y, 1/5), 2/1,
in 0,01 mm. — W. Sm. B. D. I p. 64 Pl XX f. 198. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIX f. 3. Per. VIF. 4 to 6.

‘Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Samoa! West Indies! Colon!
Magellhaéns Straits!

Var. gigantea Grun. (1860). — More lanceolate, with obtuse ends. UL. 0,44; B. 0,o68 mm.
Median line very slightly undulating, central, frequently bordered by a row of small dots. Transv.
and obl. strie 17/),, 7/s9, '8/o9 in 0,01 mm. — P. giganteum Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 558 Pl. VI f. 1
A. D. p. 53. Par. VI f. 2. P. validum Shadb. T. M. 8. I p. 16 Pl. I f. 8 (1854)?

Marine: Java! Philippines! Samoa!

Var. incurva Brun. (1891). — V. strongly sigmoid. — Psp. p. 15 Pl. VI f. 7.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun).

40 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

23. P. Griimdleri Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, gently sigmoid, gradually tapering to the
subacute ends. L. 0,36 to 0,46; B. 0,062 to 0,o72 mm. Median line slightly sigmoid, central. Transv.
and obl. strie 17/,, in 0,o1 mm. — Grun. A. D. p. 54. Per. p. 15 Pl Vif. L

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Grun.).

This species is according to PERAgALLO nothing but a variety of P. rigidum. It seems me
to be more nearly related to P. strigosum.

24. P. australe Grun. (1867). — V. linear, lanceolate, sigmoid, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08
to 0,11; B. 0,017 mm. Median line central, sigmoid. Central nodule large, rounded. Median strize
more distant than the terminal. Transv..strie 21 to 23 in 0,01 mm.; obl. strie 18 to 20 in the
middle and 20 to 23 in 0,01 mm. at the ends. — Grun. Novara p. 21 Pl. If. 18. A.D. p. 51.
Per. IV f. 24 to 27. P. estuartt var. Cl. D. of Java II f. 19. P. equatoriale Cl. M. D. N:o 145,
146, 1878. P. inflatum Suaps. T. M. 8. II p. 16 Pl. I f. 9 (1854)?

Marine (pelagic): Balearic Islands! Sumatra! Java! New Zealand (Grun.).

P. australe is very nearly connected with P. naviculaceum and with P. Normanie.

25. P. Normanii Raurs (1861). — V. gently sigmoid, lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,13
to 0,22; B. 0,027 to 0,036 mm. Median line sigmoid, central. Transv. strize 19 to 21 in 0,01 mm.
Obl. striz 17 to 18 in the middle and 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. at the ends. — Ralfs in Pritch. Inf.
p- 919. P. affine Grun. A. D. p. 51 (1880). V. H. Syn. Pl. XVIII f. 9. Per. IV £5, 8. P. affine
var. Norm. Per. IV f. 6, 7.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Davis Strait! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Java! Sumatra!
Samoa! Atlantic coast of North America! Colon!

Var. fossilis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,15 to 0,22; B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Transv. striz 17 in‘0,01
mm. Obl. striae 13 in the middle and 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. at the ends. — P. affine var. fossilis
Grun. A. D. p. 51. Per IV f. 16 to 18. P. virginiacum H. L. Survu (accord. to Perag.). P. estuarit
var. intermedia Grun. Novara p. 102. P. neogradense Pant. JIT Pl. XXI f. 315 (1893)?

Marine (fossil): Virginia! Nankoori (Grun.).

Var. marylandica Grun. (1880). — Rhomboidal-lanceolate, acute. L. 0,24 to 0.28; B. 0,03 to
0,o44 mm. Transv. strie 14 to 18 in 0,01 mm. Obl. strie 13 to 17 in 0,01 mm. in the middle
and closer at the ends. — P. affine var. maryl. Gruy. A. D. p. 51. Per. p. 10 Pl. IV f. 15.

Marine (fossil): Nottingham, Maryland!

P. Normanit is one of the most common species, and connected with P. australe and P. stri-
gosum, which latter has the same shape, and from which it may be distinguished by its median
oblique striz, which cross each other at the angle of 90° and become acuter towards the ends. It
would be advisable to unite into one species P. naviculaceum, P. australe and P. Normanii. Prragau.o
mentions a form called P. affine var interrupta (Pl. IV f. 1, 2) which has an excentric median line.
This form, as well as the specimen fig. 4, seems to me to be more akin to P. decorum var. dalmaticum.

26. P. angulatum Quexert (1848). — V. rhomboidal-lanceolate, angular in the middle, with
acute ends. L. 0,17 to 0,36; B. 0,036 to 0,05 mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid. Central
nodule small, rhombic. Transv. and obl. striw equidistant 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. Angle 60°. —
Navic. angulata QuEK. on the microscope p. 438 PI. VIII f. 4 to 7 (according to W. Sm.). P. angu-
latum W. Su. B. D. I p. 65 Pl. XXI f. 205. V. H. Syn. p. 115 Pl. XVIII f. 2 to 4. Per. V £3
to 5. Nav. Thuringiaca Kitz. (according to Grunow).

Marine: North Sea! Barbados!

Forma wndulata Grun. (1880). V. with slightly undulate margins. — Groun. A. D. p. 51.
Per. Pl. V f. 6.

Marine: Bohuslin, Sweden! Belfast (Per.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 41

Var. quadrata W. Sm. (1853). — V. rhomboidal, broad, slightly sigmoid. L. 0,19; B. 0,048 mm.
Median line central. Central nodule small, elongated. Transy. and obl. strie 19/,, in 0,01 mm. —
P. angulatum W. Su. Ann. M. Nat. H. [2] IX p. 7 PL I f. 7 (1852). P. quadr. W. Sm. B. D. I
p. 65 Pl. XX f. 204. Per. V f. 7, 8. P. ang. var. quadr. V. H. Syn. p. 115 Pl. XVIII f. 1.

Marine: North Sea!

Var. strigosa W. Sm. (1852). — Lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, gradually tapering to the sub-
acute ends. IL. 0,15 to 0,28; B. 003 mm. Transv. and obl. strie equidistant, 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm,
Angle about 60°. — P. strigosum W. Sm. Ann. M. Nat. H. [2] IX p.7 Pl If. 6. B.D. Ip. 64
Pl. XXT f. 203; XXIII f. 203. Per. Vfl, 2. P. ang. var. strig. V. H. Syn. p. 115 Pl. XIX f. 2.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Ceylon! Java! South Africa!
Brazil! Florida!

Var. finmarchica Cu. (1884). — Gently sigmoid, more obtuse. Median line excentric towards
the ends. L. 0,17 to 0,2; B. 0,03 mm. Transv. and obl. strie 14/,,, 18/,, in 0,o1 mm. — P. Nor-
manit Cu. A. D. p. 14. Grun. A. D. p. 52 Pl. Ill f 67. P. Finm. Gruy. Franz Josephs Land
D. p. 105 (53).

Marine: Finmark!

Var.? convexum Grun. (1880). — V. very convex. L. 0,225; B. 0,o2 mm. Median line some-
what excentric at the ends. Transv. and obl. strie *"/,, in 0,01 mm. — P. strig. var.? convexa

Grun. A. D. p. 50.
Marine: Puerto Caballo (Grun.).

27. P. minutum Grow. (1878). — V. lanceolate, gently sigmoid. L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,011
to 0,014 mm. Median line nearly central. Transv. and obl. striz 2%/,,, 27/y., 27/o9 in 0,01 mm.
—- Gruy. in Cl. M. D. 136. Icon. n. Pl. IV f£.19. P. estuarii var. minuta Grun. A. D. p. 52.
Per, VY 4, 15,

Brackish and marine: Sweden (Malmé! Lysekil, Grun.), Caspian Sea (Grun.), Balearic
Islands (Per.).

This little form was placed by Grunow in the vicinity of P. estuarii, with which it seems
to me not to have any close relation, as it differs by its non-rostrate ends, the nearly central me-
dian line, and the finer striation. It may perhaps be a dwarf-form of P. angulatum (strigosum).

28. P. (Rhoicosigma) Stuxbergii Cu. and Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gently
sigmoid, acute. L. 0,19 to 0,38; B. 0,028 to 0,032 mm. Median line central. Central nodule small,
rhomboid. Transv. and obl. strie 23/,,, 74/,,, 29/3, in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 54 Pl. IV f. 74. Gron.
Franz Josephs Land D. p. 105 (53) Pl. If. 56. Per. VI f. 9, 10.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. minor Grun. (1884). — L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. 0,016 to 0,017 mm. Transv. and obl. strie
4/,.. in 0,o1 mm. — Grun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 105 Pl. I f. 57. Per. VI f. 11.

Var. rhomboides Cu. (1880). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate, acute. Li. 0,085 to 0,135; B. 0,02 to
0,03 mm. Median line central, almost straight. Transv. and obl.' striez ?1/,,, ??/,,, %4/,, in 0,01 mm.
— P. rhomb. Cu. A. D. p. 14, 54, Pl. IV f. 73. Per. VI f. 14.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. latiuscula Per. (1891). — V. lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, with somewhat obtuse ends.
L. 0,16; B. 0,026 mm. ‘Transv. and obl. striae 7/.) in 0,01 mm. —- P. latiusculum Perr. p. 15
Pl. VI f. 12.

Marine: North Sea (Per.).

P. Stuabergii, remarkable for its very fine oblique striz, is not related to P. delica-
tulum, but to P. acutum. The var. rhomboides seems to connect it with P. angulatum v.

strigosa.
K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. No 2. 6

42 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

29. P. Brunii Cx. (1891). — V. linear, strongly sigmoid, suddenly attenuated to the acute
ends. L. 0,42 to 0,45; B. 0,31 to 0,033 mm. Median line central. Central nodule small. Trans.
and oblique striz 27/3, in 0,01 mm. — Prr. p. 16 Pl. VI f. 8.

Marine (pelagic): Bay of Bengal! Java!

30. P. javanicum Grun. (1878). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gently sigmoid, acute. L. 0,125
to 0,144; B. 0,019 to 0,o22 mm. Median line nearly central in the middle, excentric towards the
ends. Transv. and obl. striae equidistant, about 28 in 0,01 mm. — P. angulatum var. jav. GRUN.

in Cl. M. D. 145. P. javanicum Grun. A. D. p. 52 (1880). Per. V f. 10.

Marine (pelagic): Java! China!

This species has the outline of P. strigosum, but is thinner (dry, yellowish) and more acute.
It is most nearly akin to P. acutum. As P. hyalinum, Grunow describes in A. D. (p. 52) a similar,
pelagic form from Triest (L. 0,085; B. 0,0105 mm.), the striation of which is too delicate for measuring.

31. P. acutum Norm. (1861). — V. lanceolate, gently sigmoid, acute. L. 0,24 to 0,3; B.
0,02 to 0,028 mm. Median line sigmoid, very excentric towards the ends. Transv. and obl. striz
Io, 2/19 2 Jog in 0,01 mm. — Norm. Pritch. Inf. p. 920. Per. TI f. 1, 4. P. acutum var. austral-
asicum Grun. in Cl. M. D. 286 (1882).

Marine (pelagic): Europe (Norm.), Croisic (Per.), Java (Deby Coll.)! St Vincent, Australia!
Yeddo Bay (Brun Coll.)!

This species is nearly akin to P. javanicum and P. Stuxbergii, from which latter it differs
by its less acute oblique striz and the excentricity of its median line towards the ends. The fig. 2
in PrraGALLo’s mouograph has the outline and median line of P. Stuxbergii, but the striation of
P. acutum. The fig. 3 in the same monograph is another, allied form, described here as P. pelagicum
Per. and formerly mistaken by me for P. acutum var. australasicum Grun., which latter now seems
to me to be identical with P. acutum.

32. P. (Rhoicosigma?) maroccanum Ct. (1891). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gently sigmoid,
gradually attenuated to the acute ends. L. 0,2 to 0,3; B. 0,02 to 0,037 mm. Median line some-
what excentric, sigmoid. Transv. and obl. striz 19/,,, 2°/,, in 0,o1 mm. Angle about 70°. — Rhoico-
sigma maroce. Per. p. 32 Pl. IX f. 22.

Marine: Marocco! Gulf of Naples!

This form is doubtful as a species and requires further examination.

33. P. estuarii Bris. (1849). — V. lanceolate, gently sigmoid, with slightly rostrate ends.
L. 0,07 to 0,08; B. 0,017 mm. Median line more sigmoid than the valve, excentric. Transv. and
obl. striz equidistant, 19 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — Navic. est. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 890. P. est. W. Sm.
B. D. I p. 65 Pl. XXXI f. 275. Grun. A. D. p. 52. Per. p. 12 Pl. V f. 11 to 18. P. candidum
Scnum. Preuss. D. I Nachtr. Pl. IL f. 57 (1867). P. angulatum var. est. V. H. Syn. p. 115
Pl. XVIII f. 8.

Marine: North Sea! Adriatic (Grun.), Caspian Sea (Grun.), California!

This species has the striation of P. angulatum but, by the flexure of the median line, seems
to be nearer akin to P. lanceolatum.

34. P, latum Cz. (1880). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, gradually tapering to
the subobtuse ends. L. 0,074 to 0,085; B. 0,02 mm. Median line slightly sigmoid, excentric towards
the ends. Transv. and obl. strie *4/,. in 0,o1 mm. — Cu. A. D. p. 14, 51 Pl. III f. 68.

Marine: Finmark! California!

This form requires a closer examination.

35. P. rhombeum Gruy. (1880). — V. rhomboidal, sigmoid, often angular in the middle,
and with obtuse ends. L. 0,12 to 0,26; B. 0,03 to 0,07 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid towards

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. y:o 2. 43

the ends. Central area rather large, irregularly rhomboid. Transv. and obl. striz 17/,,, 18/\4, /,,
hiss Myo in O01 mm. — P. quadratum var.2 rhombeum Grun. A. D. p. 50. P. rhomb. Pur. III
f. #3, 14,
Marine: Java! Labuan! Port Jackson! Aukland (Grun.), Samoa! China! Oakland, California!
P. rhombeum greatly resembles P. quadratum and angulatum, but differs by the more ex-
centric median line and the coarser striation.

36. P. obscurum W. Sm. (1852). — V. narrow linear, with unilaterally narrowed and
rounded ends. L. 0,09 to 0,15; B. 0,01 mm. Median line strongly asymmetrical, near the ends
close to the curved margin. Transv. and obl. striz equidistant, 25 (Per.) to 29 (W. Sm.) in 0,01
mm. — W. Sm. Ann. M. Nat. H. [2] IX p.8 PLIf.il. B.D. I p. 65 Pl. XX f. 206. Per. I
f. 14, 15. P. macilentum Pur. p. 13, Pl. V f. 24 (1891).

Marine: England (W. Sm.), Balearic Islands (Per.).

Var. barbadensis Cu. Li. 0,14 to 0,18; B. 0,015 mm. Transv. and obl. strize 19/,), 2/,,
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Barbados!

37. BP. (Rhoicosigma) faleatum Dovux. (1861). — V. linear, with unilaterally narrowed and
rounded ends. JL. 0,15 to 0,18; B. 0,015 mm. Median line flexuose in the middle, strongly ex-
centric, following the curved margins of the ends. Striz fine, oblique. — Donx. M. J. I p. 7 Pl I
f. 1. Rhoiec. faleat. Grun. Hedw. VI p. 20 (1867). Per. IX f. 25, 27.

Marine: Northumberland (Donk.).

Doubtful; specimens in Grovu’s collection are Gyrosigma arcticum Ct.

38. P. (Rhoicosigma?) incertum Per. (1891). — V. slender, sigmoid, acute. L. 0,33; B.
0,019 mm. Median line slightly sinuose, very excentric towards the ends. Transv. and obl. striz
19/,, In 0,01 mm. — Per. p. 32 Pl. IX f. 21.

Marine: Atlantic coast of North America!

39. P. (Rhoicosigma) Weissflogii Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with unilaterally narrowed
and rounded ends. L. 0,118 to 0,134; B. 0,018 to 0,019 mm. Median line excentric, and strongly
sigmoid, closely following the curved margins for a considerable distance. Median oblique strie
cross each other in an angle of 90°; the terminal more acute. Transv. and obl. striw *1/,, in 0,01
mm. — Rhoic. Weissfl. Grun. A. D. p. 54. Per. IX f. 23, 24.

Marine: Seychelles (V. H. coll.)!

40. P. umbilicatum Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, with unilaterally rounded and very slightly
rostrate ends. L. 0,065 to 0,10; B. 0,015 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid, for a long distance
closely following the convex margin of the valve. Central area unusually large, transverse and
rounded. Transv. and obl. strie equidistant, 22 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 22.

Marine: Labuan!

This species is in form nearest to P. Weissflogvi, but differs by the large area, and the

close striation.

41. P. Exsul Ci. N. Sp. — V. linear-lanceolate, gently sigmoid, with subacute ends. L. 0,18;
B. 0,018 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid and excentric, enclosed between two longitudinal lines.
Central nodule small, rounded. Transv. and obl. striz ??/,, in 0,o1 mm. — Pl. IV f. 17.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)!
This species, of which I have seen only one specimen, has the outline of P. formosum, but

has much closer striation, and longitudinal lines close to the median line.

44 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

42. BP. (Donkinia) carinatum Donk. (1858). — V very convex, unilaterally tapering from
the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0.01 to 0,013 mm. Median line almost diagonal in
the middle and then closely following the convex margins. Transv. and obl. striz '/1, *'/o9 in
0,o1 mm. — Donk. T. M.S. VI p. 23 Pl. Ill f. 5. Donkinia car. Rawr in Pritch. Inf. p. 921
(1861). Per, IX £. 6.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Davis Strait! North Sea! Balearic Islands! Japan, fossil (Brun coll.)!

43. P. speciosum W. Sm. (1852). — V. linear, with unilaterally rounded ends. L. 0,18 to
0,27; B. 0,023 to 0,025 mm. Median line strongly excentric towards the ends. Transv. and obl.
striz 18/15, 1/1., 2 %y9, ya, 2/9 in 0,01 mm. — W. Sm. Ann. Mag. N. H. [2] 1X p. 6 PL If 3.
B. D. I p. 63 Pl. XX f. 197. Per. II f. 13 to 16.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Java! Sumatra! Labuan! China! Port
Jackson! Barbados!

Var. gracilis Per. (1891). — More narrow. L. 0,25; B. 0,015 mm. Transv. and obl. striz *°/,,
in 001 mm. Per p. 6 Pl. II f. 19.

Marine: Sumatra (Per.).

Var.? Javanica Per. (1891). — L. 0,07; B. 0,02 to 0,23 mm. Transy. and obl. striz %/,, in
0,01 mm. — Per. p. 6 Pl. II f. 17, 18.

Marine: Java, Sumatra (Per.).

Var.? abrupta Per. (1891). — Same as var. javanica, but with obliquely truncate ends. — Per.
pb, Bi ti,

Marine: Java, Sumatra (Per.).

Var. mediterranea Grun. (1880). — Linear, with unilaterally rounded ends. L. 0,21 to 0,32;
B. 0,018 to 0,o26 mm. Median line strongly excentric, coincident for a considerable distance with
the convex margin. Transv. and obl. striz 1°5/,,;, 18'),, 16/,, in 0,01 mm. — P. obscurum var. medit.

Gron. A. D. p. 49. Per. IT fi 5.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Seychelles (Gruy.), Java!

Var. pulchra Grun. (1860). — V.and median line as in var. medit. L. 0,3 to 0,6; B. 0,023
to 0,04 mm. Transv. and obl. strie %%/19, /yj, /i1, 8/29 in 0,01 mm. — P. pulchr. Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 556 Pl VI £2. Per. Tf 8.

Marine: North Sea! Red Sea (Grun.), Java! Sumatra!

Var.? tortuosa Cu. (1881). — V. lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, with unilaterally rounded ends.
L. 0,076; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid and very excentric. Transv. and
obl. striz 22/.) in 0,01 mm. — P. tort. Ch. N. R. D. p.5 PL If. 6. Per. II f. 12.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

44. P. majus Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends, slightly sigmoid. L. 0,» to 0,4; B. 0,024 to 0,052 mm. Median line nearly straight
in the middle, excentric towards the ends. Oblique striee form in the middle of the valve an ob-
tuser angle than on other parts of the valve. Transv. and obl. strie 3/,,; (Gruy.) "3, 7/4,
18/,,, 2l,, in 0,o1 mm. — P. speciosum var.? major Grun. A. D p. 49. P. affine var. interruptum
Perr. Pl. IV f. 1 to 8. Pl. majus Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 15.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Sumatra!

45. P. Heros Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, gradually tapering from the
middle to the obtuse ends. L. 0,4; B. 0,085 mm. Median line straight, somewhat excentric towards
the ends. ‘Transv. and obl. striz }4/,, in 0,o1 mm. — Pl. IV f. 20.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove’s Coll.)!

This form is closely allied to P. majus, being somewhat broader. The strie are coarser and
in the same direction in the middle as elsewhere. 1t is also nearly akin to P. formosum v. longis-
sima, which is more sigmoid and has a more excentric median line.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26, wn:o 2, 45

46. P. formosum W. Sm. (1852). — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate, gently sigmoid, gradually
and unilaterally narrowed towards the ends. L. 0,14 to 0,53; B. 0,02 to 0,05 mm. Median line
sigmoid, excentric, generally for a considerable distance coincident with the convex margin. Oblique
striz crossing each other at an angle of 90°. Transv. and obl. striw 1/,), 18/4, 7%/;, in 0,o1 mm. —
W. Sm. Ann. M. Nat. H. [2] 1X p.5 Pl If 1. B.D. p. 63 Pl XX f. 195. Grow. A. D. p. 48.
V. H. Syn. p. 116 Pl. XIX f. 4. Per. I f. 3 to 5. P. australicum O. Witt. Mus. Godeff, p. 70
Pl. VIII f. 7 (1873). P. decorum W. Su. I p. 63 Pl. XXI f. 196. Grun. A. D. p. 49. V. H. Syn.
p. 116 Pl. XTX f. 1. Per. I f. 11 to 13. P. tahitense O. Wirt. Mus. Godeffr. p. 67 Pl. VII
f. 13 (1873).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Java! China! Behrings Island! Sandwichs
Islands! Galapagos Islands! West Indies!

Var. dalmatica Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, slender, acute, slightly sigmoid. L. 0,25 to 0,32;
B. 0,03 mm. Median line slightly excentric. Transv. and obl. striv 15/,., !%/,, in 0,01 mm. —
P. decor. var. dalm. Gruy. A. D. p. 49. Per. II f. 6 to 97. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 21.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic (Gruy.)!

Var. (Rhoicosigma) Arcus Cu. — V. arcuate. L. 0,2; B. 0,02 mm. Transv. and obl. striz '8/,,
in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 18.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. balearica Pur. (1891). — V. linear, with unilaterally rounded ends. L. 0,35 to 0,54; B.
0,034 to 0,o6 mm. Transv. and obl. strie 15/,, 14/5, 1°/, in 0,o1 mm. — Per. p. 4 PL I ft 6, 7.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Per.), Singapore (Grove Coll.)!

Var. longissima Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, sigmoid. L. 0,4 to 0,78; B. 0,085 to 0,073 mm.
Median line sigmoid, excentric at the ends. Transv. and obl. strie '*/,,, '4/,,, "/y2, 1/43, 1/1, in
0,o1 mm. — Grun. A. D. p. 48. Per. p. 4 PL If. 1, 2.

Marine: Puerto Caballo (Per.), Colon! Campeachy Bay! Samoa! China! Java! Galapagos
Islands!

All the forms from P. speciosum are very nearly connected and might be united into one
single species, characterized by the oblique striz crossing each other at an angle of about 90°.
Between P. formosum and P. decorum there is absolutely no specific difference, and by numerous
varieties P. formosum graduates into P. pulchrum and P. speciosum. By the var. dalmatica P:
formosum is connected with P. subrigidum, P. longum and P. Peragalli, which latter is intermediate
in the passage to P. Nubecula. -— Donkinia reticulata Norm. (Grev. in T. Bot. Soc. Ed. vol. VIII
p- 237 Pl. HI f. 13, 14. Pritch. Inf. 1861 p. 921) is probably akin to the last described species.
It is a large form (L. 0,16 mm.) with very excentric median line and highly carinated valves.
Oblique strie about 8 in 0,01 mm. This form, found in Western Australia, is entirely unknown
to me. A somewhat similar form occurs in Oamaru deposit but I have seen only some incomplete
specimens. L. 0,2. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.

Toxonidea Donkin (1858).

Valve asymmetrical, thin. Median line arcuate, excentric. Axial area indistinct. Central
area indistinct. Structure the same as in Pleurosigma. Zone not complex.

‘This genus comprises asymmetrical forms of Pleurosigma. The cell-contents are not known,
but will probably offer some interesting peculiarities.

1. T. insignis Donk. (1858). — V. strongly asymmetrical, with almost straight dorsal and
very convex ventral margin. Ends subrostrate. L. 0,12 to 0,13; B. 0,025 to 0,03 mm. Median
line strongly excentric, coincident at the ends for some distance with the dorsal margin. Transyv.

46 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

and obl. striae ™',,, 3/,, in Ujo1 mm. — Dons. T. M.S. p. 21 Pl TI f 2. V. H. Syn. p. 114
FLXVIL St WU. Per, 1X £ 18,19,

Marine: Coasts of Scotland and England! Belgium (V. H.)! Balearic Islands! Sumatra
(Deby Coll.)!

Var. madagascarensis Grun. (1891). — Dorsal margin concave. L. 0,017; B.0,o3 mm. Median
line close to the dorsal margin. Transv. and obl. striw */j) in 0,01 mm. — Z. madag. Per. p. 28
Pl. IX f. 13.

Marine: Madagascar (Per).

Var.? undulata Norm. (1861). — Dorsal margin gibbous in the middle, ventral triundulate.
L. 0,15; B. 0,032 mm. Transv. and obl. striz ?°/;, in 0,01 mm. — 7. undulatu Priv. Inf. p. 920
Pl. VIII f. 46 (1861). Per. IX f. 12.

Marine: North Sea (Norm.).

T. insignis seems to graduate into 7. Gregoriana.

2. T. Gregoriana Donk. (1858). — V. linear to semilanceolate, with unilaterally rounded
ends, curved in the same direction. Dorsal margin straight, ventral slightly convex. lL. 0,13 to
0,25; B. 0,022 to 0,o3 mm. Median line arcuate, at the ends coincident with the margins. Transv.
and obl. striz 7/19, ?"/o, in 0,o1 mm. — Donk. T. M. 8. VI p. 19 Pl. IID f. 1. Per. IX f. 16.

Marine: Coasts of Scotland and England!

Var. balearica Cu. (1878). -— Dorsal margin slightly concave. L. 0,17 to 0,22; B. 0,v2 to 0,025
mm. Transv. and obl. striz 1/,,, 1"/,, in 0,01 mm. — JZ’. balearica Cu. M. D. 154. Per. IX f. 14, 15.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea!

3. TT. Challengerensis Castr. (1886). — V. linear, narrow, inflated in the middle and at
the ends. L. 0,3; B. 0,004 mm. — Casrr. D. Exp. Chall. p. 39 PL XXVI f. 14,15. Per. IX f.17.
Marine: Tahiti (Castr.).

Caloneis Cui. N. G.

Valve usually convex, of various shape, linear, lanceolate, panduriform, rarely sigmoid and
asymmetrical. Striz usually parallel, and divergent in the ends (rarely convergent), not distinctly
(rarely finely) punctate, crossed by one or several longitudinal lines, which in some species increase
to broad, lateral areas. Connecting zone not complex.

This genus comprises the groups abbréviées, formosées, limosées and lineariées of Navicula
in the synopsis of Van Heurck, as well as the quadriscriate of Grunow. All these groups are
intimately connected, however dissimilar the outline of the different species may be. Smaller
forms of Caloneis with indistinct longitudinal lines closely resemble small Pinnulariz, and certain
of the panduriform species seem to be very closely connected with some marine, panduriform
Pinnularie.

Pritzer, who has examined the cell-contents of C. Stlicula places this specis in his genus
Neidium, but it has no near affinity with that genus. According to Prirzer (Bau und Entw. p. 39)
there are as in Neidium two chromatophores, lying closely along the inside of the connecting zone,
which do not migrate to the valves, but are divided in situ by fissures parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the cell. It thus appears that there are interior characteristics also, which distinguish
Caloneis from Navicula. —- The cell-contents (of C. blanda, C. Liber and C. formosa) have also two
chromatophore-plates along the connecting zone. Their margins are entire.

The form of the valve is as a rule linear, or lanceolate, and straight. A sigmoid species,
C. staurophora, has hitherto been regarded as a Pleurosigma. This species has the ordinary form
of a Pleurosigma, but the following important characteristics induce me to place it in Caloneis:

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 47

first, the presence of longitudinal lines and secondly, the striee, which are not distinctly punctate,
the striz of all the species of Pleurosigma being punctate.

An asymmetrical tendency is slightly apparent in several forms of C. Liber, and is very decided
in C. (Alloioneis) curvinervis. Among the Amphore are many forms with longitudinal lines, but
no known species of that genus is closely connected with Coloneis. — There are various transitions
among the forms of Caloneis. Some species are slightly constricted in the middle or biconstricted,
and thus connect the non-constricted forms with the panduriform or strongly biconstricted.

Closely connected with Caloneis is the genus Pseudoamphiprora, among the species of which
P. impleta comes nearest. The principal distinction between these two genera consists in the na-
ture of the striz, which are punctate in Pseudoamphiprora. The transverse expansion of the cen-
tral nodule of Pseudo-amphiprora is met with in some species of Caloneis, as for instance C. Wardit.
— The terminal fissures in most forms of the type C. Liber are not very divergent from the
direction of the median line, and being situated on the concave end of the valve, they have the
appearance of short flexuose lines (see A. Schmidt’s Atl. Pl. L.). In C. abnormis they are turned
in contrary directions. In the forms of the type C. Powellii and in the panduriform species they
are small and indistinct.

The strie are as a rule transverse, in some forms slightly radiate, and are usually divergent
at the ends, not convergent as in Pinnularie. They are generally smooth or not distinctly punctate,
excepting in the doubtful C. dispersa, which has distinctly punctate strie. — In addition to the
nature of the striz, the longitudinal lines are a very characteristic feature of Caloneis. Jn many
species the valves are divided by these lines into an inner plane, or even concave, portion; and an
outer portion which is convex and sloping. In other species the inner portion appears to be more
elevated. Without transverse sections of the valves it is extremely difficult to ascertain which
is the case; but as a rule the plane, or inclination, of the part of the valve which is within the
longitudinal lines is different from that of the outside parts. Transitions of all kind soccur, from the
narrow true lines of C. Liber and others to the broad bands of C. Castracanei, C. mirabilis etc.,
shewing that, whether narrow or broad, these lines are of the same nature. — In C. Madagascarensis
there are, in addition, other fainter, longitudinal lines, formed by knots on the striz; and this
fact seems to point to an affinity between Caloneis and Tropidoneis (T. lepidoptera, T. longa.

Artificial key.

1 Central nodule stauroid a. : C. Wardii Cu.
: — not — des : a : 2:
o | Central area a transverse fascia So tc ives 3. ')
fe — not — = be 4 F Baila : 19.
Valve sigmoid . . : : C. staurophora Grun.
3.
straight ... ‘ a ae 4.
4 Linear or almost linear : 3 5.
"| Lanceolate, constricted or itconateited. ea rs : ._ ii.
Strie radiate ....... C. Clevei Laast.
5.
ee parallel E : : . 6.
Axial area rather broad a oe eee the
6.
— narrow or indistinct . : F : 5 8.
Marine species . . C. latefasciata Grun. (C. formosa var. interrupta).
| Macon os species . j C. patagonica Cu.
8 irae, parallel : t 2 9,
: slightly undulate _ dla 4 , . . C. Silicula var.
Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. j C. consimilis A. 8.
9.
{ — finer Grats ie of maa : : ; 10.

1 To this division belongs C. nubicola Grun., which for vant of figure and complete description cannot be enrolled
in the key.

48

10.

36.

37.

:

ee

{
ie
le
ie
{
{
{
;
i
ie
Ne
{
Me
We
{
Me
le
:
|
|

Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Strie about 21 in 0,01 mm.
25

Valve lanceolate. . .
constricted
biconstricted

Ends capitate
not —
Valve trochiform .
elliptical-lanceolate

Axial area indistinct .

Strie ss in 0,01 mm. .

_— a ,
Strie 6 to 11 in 0,01 mm.
about 20 in 0,01 mm.
Median segment large
small
i lines median

Valve constricted
not

Valve constricted in Si nial
biconstricted

Strie 7 to 12 in 0,01 mm.
about 22

Area indistinct

distinct

distinct or rather or

Central and axial area sine in a narrow leneosinte space

Central area quadrate
Ponelsndene! lines broad
narrow

Small forms (L. 0,03 to 0,04 mm.)

Larger —
Ends broad .
acuminate .
Axial area broad
narrow .
Strie about 8 in 0,01 mm.
— 13
— 19
a lines double

Valve aimee margins convex

linear _ parallel
Central area with lunate marks .
— without _—
Freshwater species .
Marine =
Valve naymiveitieal
symmetrical .....

single, inframarginal

. C. emula A. 8.
C. fasciata Lagst.
12.
14.
16.

C. Beccariana Grun.

C’. bodosensis Pant.
C. bottnica Cu.

C. galapagensis Cu.
ae ee 15.

C. scintillans Br. a. TEMP.

C. Hardmaniana Cu.

C. galapagensis var. japonica.
: 17.
: ee ioe

C. ophiocephala Cu.

C. formicina GRun.

C. claviger Cu.

indistinct C. dehunbienae CL. (C. Schumaniana var. Heribaudi P&RaG.).

N. Liber var.
C. Liber var.

Sancveleane.
Bleischiana.
23.

pie. a. QA
C. Powstif: var. Bartholomei.
. C. Musca Gree.
C. Kinkeriana Truan.

26.
‘ - 27.
C. lobata Scuwarrz.
a4 C. egena A. §.
re biclavata Cu. a. Grove.
. 2
C. bisedatvits GRovE a. Srurr.
ree 29,
C. Schumanniana var. trinodis.

nly the portion around the wisiian line striate
Marginal portion of the valve striate

ee lines broad
fine

Longitudinal lines dilated to broad, lunate areas

linear bands .

Longitudinal bands and central areas united

not

C. eximia Groun.
C. adenensis Cu.
31.

» . .C. Schumanniana Grun.

C. samoensis Grun.
C. curvinervia GRuy.
34.

C. dispersa Growk a. Starr.

38.

£2035 % C. kryophila Cu.
37.

C. Caste acanei GRun.

C. biseriata Pet.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2.

Axial and central areas indistinct .. ......... Be aes Be Mal? tie <a do eats 39.
38. = area narrow, central area distinct .... 1... e+ eee eee se =a 40,
and central areas united to a lanceolate space 5 7 1s ee ee 44.
39. tie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. : a sh . . .. €. tahitensis Grun.
20 to 21 — s. 2 e 4 foe ee ee GL virginea Cu.
40, ea area large... . 0... oe ae at ey Al.
SMA no ek ee ; io ef : ONCE: ao naes

41. ae obtuse joe ‘ : : C. brevis Gree.
Lanceolate, acute ..... ..... a. Bee . .C. Duseni Cu.

42. a fissures in contrary directions. . . : ; . €. abnormis Grun.

_ the same — ; te 0m .. 48.

43. te 0,025 mm, . os 2 Boe eos @ ane C ladogensis Cu.
L. 0,05 mm. . - a ti aie te . . C. Holstii Cu.

44. ee lines arated or jatonanptuel : Aicee Ses

— median a eo 46.
45. ‘ome 0,009 mm. May gS whe Bee 3 C. Lagerheimii Cu.
0,02 to 0,03 mm. . ga ‘ , C. latiuscula Kira.
46. ai lines single ; ee . + C. amphisbena Bory.
— double or triple... ©. ..... ee fre a) arene Bhs

47. i 9to 10 in 001 mm.... .... . .. x eA oa « 4B,

— 12 — — ae 2 ee . : C. bivittata Pant.

48. ea double-lines appradinata. : oe wee CL permagna Batt.

= distant... .. 2... sAetity akel aati Gf dae C. madagascarensis Cu.
49. pee Strie very fine, 28 in 0,01 mm. . a ee i . C. lepidula Gron.
distinetix < 24 ess hee He ee oe ee s » » 60,
50. ‘gees area with longitudinal marks or rows of puncta : fe ome el Es
— without — — —_ aoe: 2 ODS

BL. eon area narrow, central area rounded. ..... : BGR, dhe . C. Liber var.
and central areas united to a linear or lanceolate space. . : 52.
59. ‘yee with broad ends ...... setae, ia eas + ey y a BB;
narrowed towards the ends Moekate: Ueenen Gayetd al Saomeaien 8 54.

53. fe 0,05 to O06 mm... . : : bent . C. obtusa W. Sm.
L. 0,108 mm... ... : ae. 4 dg .. . .C. Kainitzii Pant.
Strie 7 or 8 in 0,01 mm. . ar = » . ... C. sectilis A. 8.

4. — 10 to 12 — ecak~ he Ate, «Shs oat .. +. C. samoensis Grun.

— 20 — — : ; ‘ b. .L - etandighoee a C. alpestris Grun.

5B. oe lines fine. . a aR a ne cee ee ae : . 56.

— broad. ..... Cae eo ae SRR ee SS eee Ss 65.

56. Le area indistinct. 2 ww we » Bf.
Axial and central areas anited in a linear or lanceolate space . . . ac tae oe JOEL

57. ae area small or indistinct ee ee ee eee 58.

— orbicular . 5 8 : wee ee we CL Anderssoni Cu.

58. (eg Bet ; be Martie adh pee Re RS 59.

— 11 to 20 _ sy Si sl hiphom, af Re GAcks: « GPSie Giatitgacan Baty ev AON
ose lines double ; = a .... C. probabilis A. 8.

59.

{ — single. . ‘ . a : 60.
Strie p parallel . 4 alsa oh 4G ery Yer a eae C. robusta Grun.
60. .
{ -— slightly radiate . ibe. saw C. Eugenie Cu.
Valve gibbous in the middle wud at the sale a ee . C. Silicula Exp.
61.
ga with parallel margins . ag See ee ees SB & Se maw 47102;

9. Freshwater species... . : Bae, ieee, —dla Re C. bacillaris Gree.

6 oo ae abel eee, uel Ae ae ceva tim dh Havin ay GP ine SAGAR: ite os eSeraehetee ca 63. ')

63. (eee lines median . . ‘ Sige toe She hess C. Liber W. Sm.

— marginal . : a oe 7 C. Spathula Broun.

64 Longitudinal lines median . ae t ieee Gree Se eas C. formosa Gru.

; { — — inframarginal .. ... de kd 465 8 2... . C. Frater Cu.

1) In this division C.? elongatula Panv. may probably also be included.

K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. No 2.

50 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Axial area, broad’ -¢.58 )s, 3. RA BSA eS Le Ae By ce a os C. supergradata Bron
65.

we — narrow or indistinct... ‘ i ete a Be Bo Gp 66.
Central area orbicular eof ae hat be. Re? AB tect. 8 67.
66. {~ — quadrate.. ...... a ane Pda fen 68.
— indistinct .. Bob Po oe é : . 70.

67. ok narrow... Seid, Bp a 4 oe Sk ¢. end A. 8.

— broad, almost jfesauendl F ; . C. pemdrisersite Cu. a. GRun.

68. j Longitudinal lines marginal .. od . . C. Campbell Per.
\ — — median .. Bo ie tak ge. nh he Ge 69.

69. ne lines rather narrow... 7.) eee C. Powellii Lewis.

SS ePROAM ge rates“in Tel, Ta hana teens cans uty’ Ge C. amica Ou. a. GRuN.

70. a about 21 in 0,01 mm. . pL ot Rlawie tsi sei ieee ae C. venusta Pant.
5 to 10 — : Ben esAedg “as & eta Oe Deelah oe Ce ae ay 71.

Strie in 0,o1 mm... HB ek Aa ... . C. Zanardimiana Grun.

71. — Sitc ipsa Sst ae wee) LG Wittei Garon.

Seca nip sein et Ssh a ghee Sap aarti DE Re gn th C. sejuncta A. S.

1. (©. lepidula Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,02;
B. 0,006 mm. Axial area indistinct; central small, orbicular. Striz parallel, 27 to 30 in 0,o1 mm.
Longitudinal lines marginal. — Nav. lep. Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 108 Pl. XIV f. 42.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

2. (C. bacillaris Grea. (1856). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,023 to 0,05; B. 0,005
to 0,006 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small, sometimes unilaterally dilated to a fascia.
Strie 20 to 22 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. — Nav. bacillaris Gree. M. J. IV PL If. 24. V. H.
Syn. PL XII f. 27.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.), Illinois (Grove Coll.)!

3. C. faseiata Laasrr. (1873). — V. linear to linear-lanceolate, with broad rounded ends.
L. 0,023 to 0,037; B. 0,005 to 0,oog mm. Axial area indistinct or narrow. Central area a broad
fascia. Longitudinal lines indistinct, strie parallel 24 to 26 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fasciata Lagst.

Spitsb. D. p. 34 Pl. ID f. 11. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIT f. 34. Nav. fonticola Grun. V. H. Syn.
Pl. XII f. 32 (1880). Nav. fontinals Grun. V. H. Syn. p. 103 Pl. XII f. 38. Nav. Bacillum var.
inconstantissima Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 28. Nav. Lacunarum Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII
f. 31. Stauronets Bacillum Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 155 Pl. IV f. 16. Nav. (molaris var.?) abyssinica
Grun. in Martelli Florula Bogosensis p. 152 Pl. I f. 4 (1886).

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Spitsb.! Iceland! Scotland! Sweden! Finland! Belgium!
Abyssinia (Gruy.). N. Zealand! N. America, Hoboken, N. Jers! Dakota! Brazil! Ecuador! Argentina!

This little form has some resemblance to some small Pinnularie of the section Parallelistriate,
so that GRuNOw (V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 34 text) considers the form from Spitsbergen to be a Pinnu-
laria. I think it is more akin to Nav. Bacillum. The longitudinal lines are not distinct in most
specimens, but I have seen such lines faintly on specimens from slightly brackish water at Pited
(Gulf of Bothnia), which I am unable to distinguish from the larger form, named by Grunow Naw.
Lacunarum. As I can see no difference between Nav. fasciata and Grunows Nav. fonticola, Nav.
fontinalis and Nav. Lacunarum I have united them.

A probably allied form is Nav. Oreguti Hérib. a. Perag. (D. d'Auvergne p. 119 Pl. IV f. 17
and var. lanceolata f. 18) fossil in the Auvergne Deposits. The valve is more lanceolate, in L. 0,028
to 0,035 mm. The strie are stated to be 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. Stauroneis acutiuscula of the same
author (p. 78 Pl. IIT f. 20) with 20 strie in 0,01 mm. also fossil from Auvergne may be a
form of Coloneis fasciata, or possibly of Stawronets (Pleurostauron) parvula Grun., which I am
unable to decide without original specimens.

4. (©. Beccariana Grun. (1886). — V. gibbous in the middle, with broad capitate ends. L.
0,026 to O,o74; B. 0,007 mm. Axial area narrow, central area a broad, transverse fascia. Stri

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 51

21 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longitudinal lines faint, median. — Nav. Beccariana Gruy. in Martelli
Florula Bogosensis p. 153 Pl. I f. 5. Cal. B. Icon. n. Pl. VI f. 7 (Part. JI PL If. 7).
Brackish water: Calcutta! Abyssinia (GRun.).

5. ©. Clevei Laasr. (1873). — V. convex, linear, with broad, subrostrate ends. L. 0,052 to
0.065; B. 0,011 to 0,o14 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area a transverse fascia. Striee 24 in
0,01" mm. (17,5 to 20 according to Lagerst.) slightly convergent in the middle and at the ends.
Longitudinal lines distinct, submarginal. — Nav. Cl. Last. Spitsb. D. p. 34 Pl. I f. 10.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen!

6. C. columbiensis Ct. N. Sp. — V. elongated, biconstricted, with cuneate ends. L. 0,044;
B. 0.007 mm. Axial area narrow, somewhat broader in the middle, between the central nodule and
the ends. Central area a broad, transverse fascia. Strize almost parallel, 19 in 0,01 mm. ' Longi-
tudinal lines indistinct. — Pl. III f. 34.

Fresh water: Columbia River, Oregon (Weissflog Coll.!)

I am unable to identify this form with any other, and it seems doubtful whether it belongs
to this group of Navicula or to Pinnularia.

7. €. lobata Scuwarrz (1877). — V. small, short and stout, biconstricted, with broad,
rounded-truncate ends. L. 0,03; B. 0,015 mm. Axial area narrow linear. Strie fine, crossed by
a median, longitudinal line. — Nav. lobata Scuw. in Ras. A. E. N:o 2481 (with fig.).

Marine? Vera Cruz.

I have not found this species in N:o 2481 of Rab. Dec. for which reason I am unable to
decide if it be the same as Nav. lobata in Cu. West. Ind. D. p. 7 Pl. I f. 8. They agree in size
and outline but on the West Indian form no longitudinal lines have been observed.

8. C. Silicula Eus. (1843). — V. elongated, gibbous in the middle with more or less clavate,
obtuse ends. L. 0,033 to 0,08; B. 0,006 to 0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct or narrow; central
area small and rounded, or a broad transverse fascia. Striz 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel
or slightly divergent in the middle and at the ends. Longitudinal lines marginal.

A. Forms with small central area,

Var. alpina Cu. — V. small, gibbous in the middle. L. 0,033 to 0,042; B. 0,0055 to 0,0075
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area very small. Striz 19 to 22 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. limosa
Lagersr. Spitsb. D. PL If. 6. Nav. Silicula Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 21.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Norway, Dovre! Russian Lapland! Sweden, Arbra, Helsingland!
Greenland!

Var. gibberula Kitz. — V. gibbous in the middle, with subcuneate ends L. 0,05 to 0,08; B.
0,01 to 0,015 mm. — Nav. gibberula Kitz. Bac. Pl. III f. 50 (1844). W. Su. B. D. I Pl XVII
f. 160. Nav. limosa Kitz Bac. p. 101 Pl. III f. 50 (1844). Donx. B. D. Pl. XII £.6 b. Nav.
limosa genuina Grun. Verh. 1860 Pl. V f. 8 b. Nav. limosa v. gibberula V. H. Syn. Pl. XIT f. 19.

Var. genuina Cu. -— V. slightly gibbous in the middle, with subclavate, rounded ends. L.
0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,015 mm. Axial area narrow. — Nav. Silicula Ens. Am. p. 181. M. G. VI, 1
f. 16 etc. Nav. limosa Donx B. D. Pl. XII f. 6 a. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 18.

The var. gibberula and genuina are very slightly different and graduate into each other
completely. They occur in fresh, sometimes slightly brackish water: Sweden! Finland! England!
Germany! Belgium (V. H.) Switzerland! Greenland! N. America! New Zealand!

Var. undulata Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical, with very slightly undulated margin L. 0,05,
B. 0,013 mm. — Nav. limosa v. undulata Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIT f. 22.

Var. inflata Grun. (1860). — V. elliptical-linear, very slightly gibbous in the middle. L.
0,05; B. 0,011 mm. — N. lim. var. inflata Gruy. Verh. 1860 Pl. Vf. 8c. WN. limosa var. subinfl.
Gron. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f 20.

a2 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. curta Grun. (1880). — V. linear-elliptical, with cuneate ends. L. 0,03; B. 0,012 mm.
Nav. lim. v. curta Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 28.

Var. capitata Laest. (1873). — V. strongly inflated in the middle and with broad, sub-
truncate ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,0075 mm. — Laas. p. 31. Pl. I fig. 7 a.

Fresh water: Spiisbergen (Lagsv.).

In Verh. 1860 Grunow describes two more varieties, named truncata and bicuneata, which
however seem to be forms of Neidium.

B. Forms with transverse fascia.

Var. minuta Grun. (1880). — V. strongly gibbous in the middle, with clavate or cuneate
ends. L. 0,022 to 0,033; B. 0,oo6 mm. Axial area indistinct. Strize 21 to 22 in 0,01 mm. —
Nav. ventricosa var. minuta? Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 26.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Finland, Kuopio! Belgium (V. H.).

Var. ventricosa [Eus. 1830?] Donk. (1873). — Linear gibbous in the middle and at the
rounded ends. LL. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Axial area narrow. Striz 18 to 20 in 0,01
mm. parallel or slightly radiate. — Nav. ventricosa Eup. Abh. 1830 p. 67? Donx. B. D. p. 74
Pl. XII f. 7. V. H. Syn. p. 103 Pl. XII f. 24. Nav. Horvathit Grun. Verh. 1860 Pl. VI f. 18.
Var. Haslinszkyi Pant. II p. 47 Pl. XI f. 193 (1889). — Nav. ventricosa var. subundulata
Grun. A. D. p. 29 Pl. If. 16. Nav. neogena Pant. III Pl. XVII f. 252; Pl. XXV f. 872 (1893)?

Fresh or brackish water: Sweden! Finland! Sea of Kara (Gruy.), England (Donx.) Japan!

Var. truncatula Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends, not gibbous. L. 0,04;
B. 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow. — Nav. ventric. v. truncat. Gruy. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 25.

Var. Kjellmaniana Grun. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle with more narrow and rounded
ends. L. 0,063; B. 0,o115 mm. Axial area narrow. Strie 16 to 17 in 0, o1 mm., slightly radiate.
— Nav. vent. v. Kjellm. Gruy. A. D. p. 29 Pl. I f. 17.

Marine: Finmark!

V. Jenisseyensis Grun. (1880). — V. slightly gibbous in the middle. Ends rounded. L. 0,0445;
B. 0,01 mm. Striz 19 in 0,01 mm., parallel, slightly divergent at the ends. — Nav. ventric. v.
Jeniss. Grun. A. D. p. 29 Pl. I f. 18.

Fresh water: Jenissey (GRuw.).

Var.? subventricosa Grun. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle, with broad, rounded ends.
L. 0,066; B. 0,0095 mm. Central nodule slightly dilated transversely. Axial area very narrow.
Striz 22 to 23 in 0,01 mm., convergent at the ends. — Nav. subventricosa Grun. A. D. p. 29
Pl. If. 19.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

9. C. tahitensis Grun. (1863). — V. lanceolate, inflated in the middle, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,054 to 0,065; B. 0,oo2 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm.,
slightly radiate, finely punctate. Longitudinal lines median. — Nav. Tah. Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 152
Pl ¥. £. 15. Ney. p. 19.

Fresh water: Tahiti (Gruv.).

This species is unknown to me, perhaps it is only a variety of N. Silicula.

10. ©. patagonica Cx. (1881). — V. convex, linear with cuneate ends. L. 0,057 to 0.09;
B. 0,009 to 0,013 mm. Axial area narrow, but distinct. Central area a broad fascia, reaching to
the margins. Strize 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, but radiate at the ends, crossed near
the margin by a faint longitudinal line. — Neo, viridis var. patag. Cu. Farskv. D. fran Grénl. och
Arg. p. 12 Pl. XVI f. 3.

Fresh water, on moist rocks: Sierra Famatina, Rep. Arg.! Pichincha, Ecuador!

This remarkable freshwater-species may easily be mistaken for a Pinnularia, but the termi-
nal striz are radiate, not convergent as in the last named genus,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 53

11. C.? elongatula Panr. (1889). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,021; B. 0,008 mm.
Axial area indistinct; central small, orbicular. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longitudinal lines?
— Nav. elongatula Pant. ID p. 45 Pl. III f. 40.

Brackish water: Hungary, foss. (PAnt.).

The fig. of this species in Pantocsexs work is not sufficient for determining the systematical
place of this form, which seems to be related to C. Silicula. I have found in the deposit of Gyon-
gyés Pata (Hungary) a form, which agrees with N. clongatula in outline and in the number of
strie, but is 0,04 mm. in length. In this form the strie on both sides of the central nodule are
interrupted by a short lunate, longitudinal line.

12. €. Schumanniana Gruvy. (1880). — V. strongly inflated in the middle, with rounded
obtuse ends. L. 0,037 to 0,05; B. 0,009 to 0,013 mm. Axial area indistinct or narrow. Central
area lanceolate with a lunate marking on each side of the central nodule. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate at the ends (very finely punctate?). Longitudinal lines indistinct. — Nav. Trochus Scuum.
P. D. I p. 189 f. 52. Grea. M. J. IV Pl. I f. 2 (1856). Nav. Schumanniana Grun. V. H. Syn.
p. 99 Pl XI f. 21.

Fresh water: Sweden, Ringsjén in Skane! Ladoga! Kénigsberg, fossil!

Var. trinodis Lewis (1861). — V. divided by two constrictions into three segments of equal
size. Ends cuneate. L. 0,034 to 0,042; B. 0,011 mm. Strie 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. strongly
radiate in the middle, almost parallel in the terminal segments. — Nav. trinodis Lewis Proc.
Ac. n. se. Philad. p. 66 Pl. IL f. 6 (1861). — Nav. biconstricta Grun. Casp. 8S. Alg. p. 15 Pl. II
f. 6 (1878).

Fresh and brackish water: Caspian Sea (Gruy.) N. America, Hudson River! Delaware! Da-
kota! Lake Pistaku, Ilin.! Lost spring Ranch, Calif.!

13. (€.? bodosensis Pant. (1893). — V. trochiform, obtuse. L. 0,077; B. 0,o2 mm. Axial
area lanceolate, dilated in the middle to a transverse fascia, and with an elongated marking on both
sides of the central nodule. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. — Nav. bodos. Pant. III
Pl. TI f. 35.

Habitat?: »Bodos» (Pant.).

Var. Heribaudi Purr. (1893). — V. in L. 0,07 to 0,09; B. 0,016 mm. biconstricted. Striz 17
in 0,o1 mm. — Nav. Her. Perag. in Hérib. D. d'Auvergne p. 112 Pl. IV f. 8.

Fresh water: Puy de Déme. Varennes (Brun Coll.)!

14. C. alpestris Grun. (1860). — V. linear, slightly gibbous in the middle, with rounded
or subcuneate ends. L. 0,06 to 0,076; B. 0,006 to 0,oo9 mm. Axial and central area united in
a narrow lanceolate space, having on each side of the central nodule a lunate marking. Strie 20
in 0,01 mm. nearly parallel; slightly divergent at the ends. Longitudinal lines distinct, submar-
ginal. —- Nav. alpestris Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 545 Pl. V f. 4. V. H. Syn. Pl XII f. 30.

Fresh water, alpine regions: Swedens Lake Malaren (in postglacial mud!), Austrian alps,
(Grun.), Savoy!

Nav. alpestris var. tatrica Gutw. p. 20 Pl. I f. 17 — is no var. of C. alpestris and appears
to be a Frustulia or Neidium, impossible to decide from the figures.

15. C. nubicola Gruy. (1880). — V. slightly triundulated. Central area dilated transversely
to a fascia, with lunate markings on both sides of the central nodule. — Nav. nubicola Grun.
in V. H. Syn. Index to Pl. XII f. 30.

Fresh water: Turkestan (Gruw.).

16. ©. Kainitzii Pant. (1893). — V. elongated, gibbous in the middle, with broad, obtuse
ends. L. 0.108; B. 0,o2 mm. Axial area broad, linear-lanceolate, with an elongated marking on

54 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

each side of the median line. Strie slightly radiate in the middle, elsewhere parallel, 19 in 0,01
mm. — Nav. Kain. Pant. II Pl. III f. 41.
Habitat?: »Képecz» (Panr.).

17. C. obtusa W. Sm. (1853). — V. very convex, subrectangular, with broad, truncate ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,016 to 0,017 mm. Axial and central areas united in a moderately broad
lanceolate space, in the middle of which is on each side of the central nodule a lunate marking,
Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. parallel or slightly divergent towards the ends. Longitudinal] lines sub-
marginal. — Nav. obtusa W. Sm. B. D. I p. 50 Pl. XVI f. 140 (1853). Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 536
Pl. IV f. 39? N. Hebes Rates Priteh. Inf. p. 896 (1861). Donx. B. D. p. 23 Pl. III f. 12.

Fresh water, especially in nothern regions. Greenland! Sweden, Lappland and Gotland!
Russian Lappland! Norway, Dovre! Scotland!

This species is very characteristic and not closely akin to any known form. It seems to
be an inhabitant of northern regions and is not mentioned by Brun as occuring in Switzerland,
nor by Belloc as occuring in the Pyrenées.

18. ©. Liber W. Sm. (1853). — V. linear, sometimes with slightly concave or convex
margins, and rounded or subcuneate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,19; B. 0,008 to 0,032 mm. Axial area in-
distinct or very narrow. Central area indistinct or small. Strie 13 to 20 in 0,01 mm. parallel,
divergent at the ends. Longitudinal lines median, single or double.

A. Forms with linear, sometimes slightly constricted valves, and without lunate markings
in the central area.

a) Longitudinal lines single.

Var. linearis Grun. (1860). — V. narrow, linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends.
L. 0,054 to 0,12; B. 0,008 to 0,011 mm. Areas indistinct. Striz 20 to 29 in 0,01 mm. Longitu-
dinal lines median, frequently indistinct. —- Nav. linearis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 546 Pl. II f. 2.
V. H. Syn. p. 105 Pl. XII f. 35. A. S. Atl. L. f. 38, 40.

Marine: Atlantic coasts of Europe, Africa and America (Grun.), Ceylon! Singapore (Brun
Coll.!) Galapagos Islands! Peru (Gruw.), Honduras (Grun.), Gulf of Mexico (ATL.).

Var. genuina Cu. — V. linear, with parallel or slightly convex margins and more or less
broad ends. L. 0,08 to 0,17; B. 0,013 to 0,024 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small,
orbicular, frequently somewhat asymmetrical. Strie 13 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Liber W. Sm.
B. D. Ip 48 Pl. XVE £133. Done. .B. Di p. 62 Pl IX f. 5. A. 8. Atl Le. f 16, 17, 18. A. 8.
N. 8S. D. I f. 45. V. H. Syn. p. 104 Pl. XII f 36. Nav. maxima Grea. M. J. IV Pl. V f. 2
(1856). D. of Cl p. 487 Pl IX f. 18 A.S. Atl L. f. 19 to 21, 87. N.S. D. Wf 44. Naw.
fortunata Leud. Fortm. D. de Ceylan Pl. IT f. 27 (1879).

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Behrings’ Island! North Sea! Mediterranean
Sea! Red Sea! Seychelles! Cape of Good Hope! Ceylon! Singapore! Sidney! Port Jackson! Tas-
mania! Philippines! Japan! Campeachy Bay!

Forma tenuistriata Cr. — L. 0,065 to 0,07; B. 0,015 mm. Strie 25 to 26 in 0,01.
Marine: Labuan! Sandwichs Islands!
Forma convexa Cu. — Convex. L. 0,11 to 0,13; B. 0,012 mm. Axial area somewhat broader.

Striz 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Hauckii Cu. N. R. D. p. 9 Pl. ID f. 27 (1881).

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Adriatic!

Var. Holuboi Pant. (1886). -— V. linear, with rostrate capitate ends. L. 0,159; B. 0,025 mm.
Strie 20 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. (maxima var.?) Hol. Pant. I p. 25 Pl. XVIIT f. 165.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. relegata Cu. — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with cuneate ends. L. 0,15; B.
0,025 mm. Axial area linear-lanceolate. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a median longi-
tudinal line.

Marine: Redondo, Calif. fossil (Grove Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 55

b) Longitudinal lines double.

Var. bicuneata Grun. (1860). -- V. broad, linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,11 to 0,19; B.
0,018 to 0,032 mm. Striz 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. bicuneata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 546 Pl. IIT
f. 4. A. 8. N. S& D. Pl. II f. 44 (smaller form). N. maxima Donk. B. D. p. 60 Pl. IX f. 4.
N. Bleischit A. 8. Atl. L. f. 22, 23, 25.

Marine: North Sea! Baltjik, fossil (Atl.), Sumatra (Deby Coll.!) Samoa (Atl.), Seychelles!
Colon (Deby Coll.)! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)!

Forma lanceolata. — V. shorter, with acuminate ends. IL. 0,08 to 0,09; B. 0,032 mm. Strive
about 13 in 0,01 mm. -—— Nav. excentrica A. 8. Atl. L. f. 6, 7.

Marine: Celebes (Atl.) Mazatlan (Atl.).

Var. excentrica Grun. (1860). — V. broadly linear to linear-elliptical, with rounded or cuneate
ends. L. 0,09 to 0,14; B. 0,017 to 0,027 mm. Median line often slightly undulating. Central area
frequently slightly dilated unilaterally. Strie 20 to 22 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. excentrica Grun.
Verh. 1860 p. 545 Pl. TI f. I. NW. delata A. S. N.S. D. p. 91 Pl IT f. 43 (1874). Atl. L. f. 30.
N. formosa v. fossilis Pant. II p. 45 Pl. XX f. 310 (1889).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Java (Kinker Coll.)! Japan (Atl.) Samoa! Colon
(Deby Coll.)! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

B. Forms constricted in the middle. Central area without lunate markings.

Var. Janischiana Rasy. (1862). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with cuneate ends.
L. 0,14; B. 0,035 mm. Median line slightly flexuose. Central area small, asymmetrical. Striz
22 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines faint, single. -- Nav. Jan. Jan. Rab. Hond. p. 10 Pl. II f. 15.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.)!

Var. Bleischiana Jan. a. Rasy. (1862). — V. strongly constricted in ite middle, with cuneate
ends. L. 0,14 to 0,17; B. 0,025 (min.) to 0,042 (max.) in 0,01 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie 12 in
0,o1 mm. Longitudinal lines single, very distinct. — Nav. Bl. Jan. a. Rasy. Hond. p. 9 Pl. II
f. 10. Cal. uber var. Bleisch. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 1.

Marine: Honduras (Jan. Rabh.) Nice (Deby, Brun, Van Heurck Coll.)! Redondo Calif. fossil
(Grove Coll.)!

C. Forms with lunate markings on the central area.

Var. elongata Grun. (1874). — Linear, with parallel margins and broad rounded ends.
L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,018 to 0,oo9 mm. Axial area narrow; central area small with lunate markings
on both sides of the central nodule. Striew 15 to 18 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines faint, median.
— Nav. elongata Grun. in A. S., N.S. D. p. 91 PL If 42. A. S. Atl L. f. 27.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean! Red Sea! Ceylon! Singapore! Japan! Galapagos Islands!
Florida!

Var. umbilicata Grun. (1877). — V. linear, frequently slightly gibbous in the middle, with
rounded ends. L. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area narrow, but distinct, somewhat
dilated in the middle, with linear markings on both sides of the central nodule. Striz 12 to 15
in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines distinct. — Nav. maxima var. umbilic. A. 8. Atl. L. f. 382, 33.
Nav. max. v. asiatica Teme. Br. D. f. du Japon p. 72 (1889).

Marine: North Sea (Atl.) Bab el mandeb! Ceylon! Japan, fossil (Brun.) Colon (Deby Coll.!).

19. C€. robusta Grun. (1877). -- V. linear, narrowed towards the ends. L. 0,28 to 0,33;
B. 0,04 to 0,os5 mm. Axial area narrow, but distinct, slightly dilated around the central nodule.
Strie 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines median, strong. — Nav. robusta Grun. in A. 8.
Atl. L. f. 1—2.

Marine: Zanzibar (Deby Coll.)! Java (Kinker Coll.)! Sumatra! Singapore! Samoa! Redondo,
Calif. fossil (Grove Coll.)!

56 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. perlonga Pant. (1889). — V. slightly gibbous in the middle. L. 0,4 to 0,5; B. 0.005
mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. —- Nav. perlonga Pant. IT p. 52; II Pl. XIV f. 209.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. subelliptica Cu. — V. linear-elliptical, frequently with subrostrate ends. L. 0,15 to
0,19; B. 0,037 to 0,04 mm. Areas broader. Striz 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. L. 4, 5.

Marine: Raised Marsh (Atl.), Redondo and Santa Monica Calif., fossil (Deby Coll.)! Porto
Seguro (Deby Coll.)!

This large and beautiful form is nearly connected with C. Liber and may be regarded
as one of its many varieties.

20. C. probabilis A. S. (1877). — V. linear with subcuneate ends. L. 0,16 to 0,18;
B. 0,028 to 0,o3 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area small, subrhomboid. Median line slightly
flexuose. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines double. — Nav. prob. A. 8. Atl. L. f. 46.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Florida; Java (Grove Coll.)!

Also nearly akin to C. liber (var. bicuneata).

21. C. Eugenie Cu. (1881). — V. linear, with rounded ends, very convex. L. 0,075 to 0,085;
B. 0,017 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rhombic-orbicular. Median line slightly
sinuose. Strie 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle, somewhat convergent at the
ends, not distinctly punctate. Longitudinal lines distinct, submarginal. — Nav. Eug. Cu. N. R.
D. p. 7 Pl. Il f. 16.

Marino: Galapagos Islands!

22. C. virginea Cu. (1878). — V. lanceolate with acute or subrostrate and obtuse ends.
L. 0,058 to 0,09; B. 0,027 to 0,025 mm. Axial area very narrow, slightly dilated unilaterally at
the central nodule. Central pores approximate. Striz 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longi-
tudinal lines faint, submarginal. — Nav. virg. Cu. West Ind. D. p. 5 Pl If. 2. Nav. parallela
Castr. Voy. Challenger p. 31 Pl. XXVIII f. 12 (1886)?

Marine: West Indies, Virgin Islands! Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

23. C. eximia Grun. Ms. — V. divided by two deep constrictions into three segments of
equal size. L. 0,11 to 0,12; B. 0,025 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area small, orbicular.
Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle. Longitudinal lines double; the exterior stronger —

Rh TY £2:
Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Cebu (Grove Coll.)!

24. (©, elavigera Cu. N. Sp. — V. elongated, divided by two slight constrictions into one
smaller median, and two larger terminal, segments. L. 0,115; B. ,0o15 (max.) mm. Axial area
narrow. Central area a broad fascia. Strie 20 in 0,01 mm., parallel, divergent at the ends.
Longitudinal lines median. — Pl. IV f. 3.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.)!

This form may be regarded as a variety of N. Liber, with transverse fascia.

25. (. (Pleurosigma) staurophora Gruy. (1880). — V. sigmoid, lanceolate, gradually
tapering from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,1125; B. 0,014 mm. Median line central,
sigmoid. Central area a broad, transverse fascia, reaching the! margins. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm.
parallel, not punctate. Longitudinal lines closer to the median line than to the margin. Inside the
longitudinal lines the striz are fainter than outside. — Pleurosigma staurophorum Grun. A. D.
p. 61. Perag. VIII f. 45.

Marine: Davis Strait (Grun.)

Var. asiatica Temp. a. Brun (1889) — L. 0,19 to 0,22; B. 0,025 to 0,028 mm. Striz 16 to
18 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. asiaticum D. f. du Japon p. 56 Pl. IX f. 1. Perag. VIII f. 44.

Marine: Japan, fossil.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDILINGAR. BAND 26. N:0 2. 57

26. C. latefasciata Groun. (1880). — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,06 to 0,093;
B. 0,012 to 0,o17 mm. Axial area gradually enlarged from the ends to the middle. Central area
a broad, transverse fascia. Striz 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longitudinal lines broad, sub-
marginal. — Nav. latef. Grun. A. D. p. 29 Pl. I f. 21.

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! Adriatic (Grun.).

27. C. galapagensis Ci. (1881). — V. constricted in the middle, with tongue-shaped seg-
ments. L. 0,067 to 0,092; B. 0,025, at the constriction 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Axial area narrow.
Central area a broad, transverse fascia. Median line with small and indistinct terminal fissures.
Strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm., not distinctly punctate, parallel. Longitudinal lines submarginal. —
Nav. Galapagens. Cu. N. R. D. p. 14 Pl. III f. 40.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

Var. contracta Grun. (1890). — L. 0,062; B. 0,01 mm. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. con-
tracta A. 8. Atl. CLX f. 18.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. japonica Cu. (1890). — L. 0,06 to 0,10; B. 0,019 to 0,023, at the constriction 0,01 to
0,o14 mm. Axial area in each segment narrow lanceolate. Striz 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. Longitu-
dinal lines marginal or inframarginal. —- Nav. galap. v. jap. A. 8. Atl. CLX f. 16. Nav. correpta
A. 8. Atl CLX f. 15.

Marine: China (Van Heurck Coll.)! Japan (Deby Coll., Brun Coll.)!

28. C. consimilis A. S. (1874). — V. linear, with parallel margins, narrowed towards the
ends. L. 0,069 to 0,105; B. 0,013 mm. Axial area narrow; central area a transverse fascia. Strie
13 to 16 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longitudinal lines submarginal. — Nav. consimilis A. S N.S. D.
p. 91 Pl. II f. 46.

Marine: North Sea! Balearic Islands!

29. C. emula A. S. (1874). — V. linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends. L. 0,029
to 0,041; B. 0,o7 mm. Axial area very narrow or indistinct. Central area a broad fascia. Stric
19 to 23 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Longitudinal lines marginal or submarginal. — Nav. emula A. S.
N. 8. D. p. 91 Pl ID f. 47. Nav. subdivisa Grun. A. D. p. 29 Pl. I f. 20 (1880).

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.), Baltic (Grun.), Normandy (Grun.), Adriatic! Cape Deschneff!
Arctic America! Greenland! Campeachy Bay (A. 8.), Virgin Islands, West Indies!

Var. major Cu. a. Grove (1891). — L. 0,07; B. 0,085 mm. Striz 18 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate in the middle. — Nav. (Caloneis) emula var.? major Cu. a. GRovE Diatomiste I p. 67 Pl. X f. 8.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

30. (. Wardii Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,04 to 0,09; B. 0,015 mm.
Central nodule dilated transversely into a stauros, reaching the margin. Axial area narrow, linear.
Longitudinal lines distinct, closer to the margin than to the median line. Strie parallel, 19 in
0,o1 mm. slightly divergent at the ends. — Pl. III f. 39, 40, 41.

Brackish water: Bristol, Conn. (Ward)! Hudson River (Ward)!

31. C. formosa Grae. (1856). — V. narrow lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,013;
B. 0,015 to 0,026 mm. Axial and central area uniting into a narrow and irregularly lanceolate
space, usually slightly dilated unilaterally in the middle. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., almost pa-
rallel, slightly radiate at the ends. Longitudinal lines median. -- Nav. formosa Gruc. T. M. S.
IV p. 42 Pl Vf. 6. A. S. Atl L. fig. 9, 10, 12, 138, 14, 15. Nav. oregonica Kus. Ber. 1870
PL II: 1 f. 10. Nav. liburnica Grun. V. H. Syn. p. 102 Pl. XI f. 3.

Brackish and marine: Greenland! North Sea! Baltic! Atlantic coasts of N. America! Cape
Horn! Mediterranean Sea! Sierra Leone! Ceylon! Sidney! Sandwich Islands! California! Caspian

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. N:o 2. 8*

58 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Sea (Grun.), Saxony! Great Salt Lake! Oregon, fossil! Guatemala, fossil! Mexico, fossil! Argen-
.tina, Rioja! Cameroon, Africa!

Var. holmiensis Cu. (1881). — L. 0,075 to 0,125; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Area wider. Striz
11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines faint or indistinct. — Nav. holm. Cu. N. R. D. p. 8
Pl. If. 18. WN. formosa V. H. Syn. Pl. XI f. 2.

Brackish water: Baltic, (Vaxholm, Abo)!

Var. interrupta Cu. — L. 0,07; B. 0,013 mm. Axial area narrower. Central area a trans-
verse fascia. Strize 16 in 0,01 mm., parallel. Longitudinal lines median.
Brackish water: Yarra, 8. Australia!

Var. quadrilineata Grun. (1879). — L. 0,044; B. 0,09 mm. Area narrow, lanceolate. Striz
about 17 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines double. — N. quadrilineata Grun. Cu. M. D. N:o 204.
Brackish water: Oakland, Calif. (Grun.).

32. C, (Alloioneis) curvinervia Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, slightly asymmetrical, with
obtuse ends. L. 0,068 to 0,115; B. 0,022 to O,o28 mm. Median line excentric, with arcuate
components. Axial and central areas uniting in a narrow and asymmetrical lanceolate space.
Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. Longitudinal lines distinct, median. — Grun. in Cu.
W. dnd. D. p. 8 BL IL £13.

Brackish water: Elephant Point, India (Grun.) Island of Rhea near Singapore!

33. C. amphisbena Bory (1824). — V. elliptical, with capitate to rostrate ends. L. 0,06
to 0,08; B. 0,0225 to 0,o3 mm. Axial and central area uniting in a large rhombic-lanceolate
space. Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. radiate to the ends. Longitudinal lines median. — Navic. am-
phisb. Bory Encycl. meth. T. 2 (according to Ehrenb.). Frustulia depressa Kitz. Dec. N:o 72
(1833) according to Lagerst. — Nav. amphisbena W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII f. 147 a. (1853).
Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 534 Pl. IV f. 36. Donx. B. D. p. 36 Pl. Vf. 13. V. H. Syn. p. 102
Pi Me,

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.) Switzerland (Brun), Caspian Sea (Grun.).

Var. fuscata Scuum. (1867). — V. rectangular, with rostrate ends. L. 0,04 to 0,045; B. 0,017
mm. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fuscata Scuum. Pr. D. II N. p. 57 Pl. II f. 48. Grun. A. D.
pol Pl. Et 27,

Brackish water: Baltic (Schum.), Kara Sea (Grun.). Caspian Sea (Grun.).

Var. subsalina Donx. (1873). — V. elliptical with rostrate-apiculate ends. L. 0,07; B. 0,025
mm. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. subsalina Donn. B. D. p. 24 Pl. IV f. 2. Nav. amphisbena
W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII f. 147 p. Nav. umph. v. subs. V. H. Syn. p. 102 Pl. XI f. 6. Danner.
Balt. D. Pl. ID f. 14.

Brackish water: Greenland! Spitzbergen! Finmark! Bohuslin! north coasts of Britain (Donk),
Baltic! Saxony, Mansfelderseen! Rostock, fossil!

Forma major. — VY. lanceolate, with gradually attenuated ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,03 mm. —
V. H. Syn. Pl. XT fi 4.

Brackish water: Belgium (V. H.).

Var. Vukotinovicti Pant. (1886). — V. lanceolate, subrostrate. L. 0,077 to 0,095; B. 0,029 to
0,os2 mm. Area large, lanceolate. Strize 12,5 to 15 in 0,01 mm., closer near the ends. — Nav.
Vuko. Pant. I p. 29 Pl. I f. 7, II p. 54, Pl. XII p. 220.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

Var. liburnica Grun. (1860). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,05 to 0,11; B. 0,022 to 0,035
mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated in the middle. Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. Longitu-
dina] lines more approximate to the margin than to the median line. — Nav. lib. Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 547 Pl. IIT f. 25.

Brackish: Adriatic (Grun.), Colon (Deby Coll.)! Calcutta (Deby Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wN:o 2. 59

Var. Fenzlii Grun. (1863). — Lanceolate, sometimes with subrostrate ends. L. 0,07 to 0,12;
B. 0,028 to 0,042 mm. Area narrow, dilated around the nodule. Striw 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm.
Longitudinal lines median. — Nav. elegans Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 534 Pl. IV f. 387. Nav. Fenzlii
Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 153. Nav. amphisb. v. Fenzlii Gruy. in V. H. Syn. p. 102 Pl. XI f. 5.
N. Grunowii O’Mzara B. D. p. 362 Pl. XXXI f. 17.

Brackish water: Neusiedler See, Hungary (Grun.), Rostock, fossil! Ceylon (Weissflog Coll.)!
Caleutta (Deby Coll)! Batavia! Jamaica! St Martin, W. Ind.! Guatemala, fossil! St. Monica, fossil
(Dr. Rae Coll.)!

All these forms are closely connected, so that it seems to me impossible to regard them
as distinct species. They are also nearly akin to the two following species, C. bivittata and C.
permagna, of which the latter is, by intermediate forms, connected with C. formosa.

34. C. bivittata Pant. (1889). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,08 to 0,15; B. 0,031 to 0,04 mm.
Axial and central area uniting in a broad, lanceolate space. Strie 10 (middle) to 12 or 13 (ends)
in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. Longitudinal lines double. — N. (oregonica var.?) bivittata Panv. II
p. 43 Pl. V. f. 83.

Brackish and marine: Hungary, fossil! Atlantic City, N. Jers. foss. (Deby Coll.)!

35. C. permagna Bar (1850). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, sometimes with slightly triundu-
lated margins. L. 0,15 to 0,22; B. 0,055 to 0,035 mm. Axial and central areas uniting in a
more or less broad, irregularly lanceolate space. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate.
Longitudinal lines broad or double, median. — Pinnul. perm Bat. Smiths. Cont. 1850 p. 40 Pl. IT
f. 28, 38. Nav. permagna Raurs Pritch. Inf. p. 907. Lewis Proc. Ac. n. sc. Philad. 1861 p. 70
Pl. I] f. 11. Gravinte T. M. 8. XIV p. 127 Pl. XII f. 18 to 21, 1866. V. H. Syn. p. 102 Pl. XI f. 1.

Brackish water: Anvers (V. H.). N. America (New-York to Florida and Gulf of Mexico)!

This large and beautiful species passes over by intermediate forms to N. formosa, and
seems also to be nearly akin to C. bivittata.

36. C. Dusenii Cu. N. Sp. — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,135; B. 0,038
mm. Axial area narrow. Central area moderately large, orbicular, without any markings. Striz
13 in 0,01 mm., radiate, in the ends slightly convergent. Longitudinal lines approximate to the
areas. — Pl. IV f. 4.

Brackish water (mouths of rivers): Cameroon, Africa!

This species is named in honour of Mr Dustin, a swedish traveller in Western Africa, who
procured me an interesting gathering from that country. This beautiful form greatly resembles
C. permagna, but differs by the closener of its longitudinal lines to the areas.

37. C. madagascarensis Cx. (1890). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,095; B. 0,05 mm.
Median line with distant central pores. Axial and central areas uniting in a narrow, lanceolate
space. Median line bordered by thick silicious ribs. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm. radiate troughout, in-
distinctly punctate. Longitudinal lines three, of which the median is the strongest (and differs
from the others). — N. madag. Cu. Diatomiste I p. 23 Pl. IV f. 2.

Marine: Madagascar! Columbo, Ceylon (Letourneur Coll.)! Java!

This is a remarkable species, having some resemblance to C. amphisbena var. Fenzlii, from
which it is however quite distinct. Of the three longitudinal lines the median has the appearence
of a narrow furrow, separating the flatter axial part of the valve from the sloping exterior
part. The other lines are formed by small knots on the strie.

38. C. biclavata Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. convex, gibbous in the middle and with clavate
ends. L. 0,12 to 0,16; B. 0,o18 mm. Axial area broad, dilated around the central nodule to an
irregularly rounded space. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the ends, else almost parallel.
Longitudinal lines distinct, median. — Ct. a. Grove Diatomiste I p. 66 Pl. X f. 7.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

60 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

This is a remarkable form, not closely connected with any other known species. Perhaps
Stauroneis Bribissonii Castr. (Voy. Chall. Diat. p. 24 Pl. 15 fig. 4) may be the same, but the
figure and description of that form are insufficient for identification.

39. ©. samoensis Grun. (1877). — V. linear to elliptic-linear, narrowed towards the ends.
L. 0,085 to 0,115; B. 0,018 to 0,025 mm. Axial and central areas united in a narrow, irregu-
larly lanceolate, space, having on each side of the central nodule a lunate or linear marking.
Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate at the ends. Longitudinal line median or submarginal.
— Nav. samoensis A. S. Att. L. f. 48, 44. Nav. mammalis Caste. Chall. Voy. D. p. 30 Pl. XX
f. 2 (1886)?

Marine: Ceylon! Amboina (Kinker Coll.), Java (Kinker Coll.)! Philippines! Labuan! Port
Jackson! Samoa!

Var.? bimaculata Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,064; B. 0,o19 mm. Area lan-
ceolate with markings on both sides of the central nodule. Striz 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. Longi-
tudinal lines? -— Nav. bim. Panv. II p. 42 Pl. XXIII f. 346.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

40. C. sectilis A. S. (1877). — V. linear with rounded ends. L. 0,144; B. 0,023 mm.
Axial and central areas uniting in a broad linear space, with a row of puncta along the median
line. Striee 7,5 in 0,01 mm., parallel. Longitudinal lines submarginal. — Nav. sectilis A. S.
Att. L. f. 3.

Marine: Whatabevot, India (Atl.) Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. boryana Pant. (1889). — L. 0,01 to 0,13; B. 0,02 to 0,024 mm. Area with a row of
puncta on both sides of the central nodule. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines margi-
nal or inframarginal. — Nav. Boryana Pant. II, XXVIII f. 407.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Bory, Hungary, fossil! Galapagos Islands (Weissflog Coll.)!

Nav. pavida Pant. III Pl. XXX f. 438 appears to be an allied but smaller form.

41. (C. Anderssonii Cx. (1881). — V. linear. with subcuneate ends. L. 0,075; B. 0,019 mm.
Axial area narrow, dilated around the central nodule, to an orbicular space without markings.
Striz 6,5 to 7 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, not punctate. Longitudinal lines inframarginal.
NN. And. Cr. N.R. D. p. 11 Pl. Ti £. 28. Cal. And. Icon: n. Pl. VI f.. 8 (art. He Pl I f. 8).

Marine: Galapagos Islands.

The fig. in Cl. N. R. D. is not quite exact, the axial area being too broad.

42. C. Frater Cu. N. Sp. — V. convex, linear, with parallel margins and rounded cuneate
ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,o12 mm. Axial and central areas united in a narrow, lanceolate space,
without markings. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., smooth, slightly radiate in the middle and at the ends.
Longitudinal lines inframarginal. — Pl. III f. 26.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

43. C. Spathula Brun (1891). — V. linear, narrowed towards the ends. L. 0,15 to 0.16;
B. 0,01 to 0,o12 mm. Axial area linear, very narrow; central area indistinct. Strie 12 in 0,01
mm. parallel, divergent at the ends finely punctate. Longitudinal line marginal or inframarginal
— Nav. spat. Brun. D. Esp. n. p. 40 Pl. XV f. 10.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!

44. C. adenensis Cr. N. Sp. — V. elongated, slightly biconstricted, with cuneate ends.
L. 0,07; B. 0,013 mm. Axial area narrow, irregularly dilated between the central nodule and the
ends. Central area large, orbicular. Strie 13 (middle) to 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm., radiate in the
middle, transverse at the ends, not distinctly punctate. Longitudinal lines inframarginal. —
Pl. TI f. 33.

Marine: Between Aden and Bab el mandeb (Weissflog Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 61

45. €. abnormis Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, with broad, obtuse ends. L. 0,028 to 0,055;
B. 0,007 to 0,009 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small, orbicular. Median lines straight,
with approximate central pores, and terminal fissures turned in contrary direction. Striz 30
(Grunow) to 34 in 0,01 mm. transverse. Longitudinal lines faint, submarginal. — Nav. abnormis
Grun. in Cl. M. D. Nio 142. A. D. p. 46. Cal. abn. Icon. n. Part. IV Pl. I f. 6, 7.

Marine: Bohuslin, Sweden!

46. C. brevis Grev. (1857). — V. elliptical, with rostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,06 to 0,08;
B. 0,022 to 0,03 mm. Median line with distant central pores. Axial area narrow, dilated in the
middle to a large, orbicular space. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, not distinctly punctate.
Longitudinal lines indistinct. — Nav. brevis Grue. D. of Clyde p. 478 Pl. IX f. 4. A.S.N.S.D.
Pl Wf 15. Donk. B. D. p. 19 Pl. IIL f 4. V. A. Syn. p. 97 Pl XI f. 19. — Nav. crassa Gree.
M. J. III p. 41 Pl. IV f. 18 (1855)?

Marine: Spitsbergen! Greenland! Finmark! North Sea! North Siberian Sea, Cape Desch-
niff! Léfanger, Angermanland, Sweden, (integlacial deposit)! Sydney (Thum.)!

Var. vexans Grun. (1880). — Elliptic-lanceolate, with broad, obtuse ends. — Nav. brevis v.
verans Grun. A. D. p. 30. A. S. N.S. D. Pl ID f. 14. Nav. brev. v. elliptica V. H. Syn. p. 97,
Pl AL S.. 18,

Marine and brackish: Sea of Kara! Finmark! Japan (strie 18 in 0,01 mm. Weissflog. Coll.)!

Var. distoma Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical, with broad ends. Central pores of the median
line distant. Central nodule large, thick. Longitudinal lines distinct, single or double.

Forma latior: Broadly elliptical. L. 0,078; B. 0,026 mm. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. —
Nav. (brevis var.?) diatoma f. lat. Grun. A. D. p. 31 Pl. I f. 25.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun.), Japan!

Forma angustior: Narrow elliptical. L. 0,068; B. 0,019 mm. Striz 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm.
-— Nav. (brevis var.?) diatoma f. ang. Grun. A. D. p. 31 Pl. I f. 26.

Brackish water: Jamal, Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Forma bicuneata Cu. — V. with parallel margins and cuneate ends. IL. 0,085; B. 0,029 mm.
Strie 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! Sydney! China!

Nav. brevis and its varieties are nearly akin to N. amphisbena.

47. C. bottnica Ci. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,05; B. 0,018 mm. Central pores
distant. Axial area broad, gradually dilated towards the middle, where it expands to a transverse
fascia. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate towards the ends. Longitudinal line faint, margi-
nal. — Pl. III f. 42.

Slightly brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia at Pitea!

48. (€. Lagerheimii Cu. N. Sp. -- V. elliptic-lanceolate convex, with obtuse ends. L. 0,042;
B. 0,009 mm. Axial and central areas uniting in a lanceolate-linear space. Striz 17 in 0,01
mm. very slightly radiate towards the ends. Longitudinal lines indistinct marginal, or inframarginal.
Fresh water: Ecuador, Quito (Lagerheim)!

49. C. latiuseula Kitz (1844). — V. elliptical to lanceolate. L. 0,075 to 0,09; B. 0,023 to
0,03 mm. Axial and central areas uniting in an irregularly lanceolate space. Strie 18 to 21
in 0,01 mm. parallel, finely punctate. Longitudinal lines marginal or inframarginal. — Nav.
latiuscula Kitz Bac. p. 93 Pl. V f. 40. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 534 Pl. IV f. 38. Donk. B.
D. p. 27 Pl IV f. 7. Nav. patula W. Sm. B. D. I p. 49 Pl. XVI f. 139 (1853). V. TL. Syn.
Suppl. B f. 29.

Fresh water, larger lakes: Scotland; Sweden: Venern! Malaren! Baltic, freshwater deposits
of the Ancylus-epoch! Gotland! Switzerland (Lac des 4 cantons, Lac Leman)!

62 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. africana Cu. — V. elliptic-linear, with broad and rounded ends. L. 0,13; B. 0,25 mm.
Longitudinal lines crossing the strie in their middle. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 5.

Brackish water: Cameroon!

The var. africana merits perhaps to be considered as a distinct species.

50. ©. Holstii Cu. (1881). —- V. elliptical, with parallel margins and cuneate ends. L. 0,052
to 0,06; B. 0,016 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small, rounded. Striz 14 in
0,01 mm. almost parallel, not distinctly or finely punctate. Longitudinal lines marginal. — A. 8.
Atl. L. f. 48 (without name). Nav. Holstii Cu. D. f. Gronl. and Argentina p. 11 Pl. XVI f. 1.

Fresh water: Greenland! Albany, Maine, fossil! Oregon (Atl.).

51. C. Ladogensis Cx. (1891). -- V. broad, lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,025;
B. 0,014 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small rounded, somewhat transverse. Striz 17
in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, finely punctate. Longitudinal lines marginal, faint. — Nav. Ladog.
Cu. D. of Finl. p. 35 Pl. II f. 3.

Fresh water: Ladoga, on the surface of the lake!

52. C.? dispersa Gr. and Srurr (1887). — V. almost flat, elliptic-lanceolate, with subacute
ends. L. 0,08; B. 0,027 mm. Median line straight, terminating close to the margin. Axial area
narrow, dilated in the middle to a small rounded space. Strie 27 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate,
puncta forming undulating longitudinal lines. The strie are confined to an irregular, lanceolate
space around the axial area, the part outside of this space being irregularly and coarsely punctate.
Longitudinal lines inframarginal. — Nav. disp. Gr. and Srurr. Queck. M. Cl. HI (2) p. 182
Pl ok. 10:

Marine: Oamaru, N. Zeeland, fossil!

This is remarkable species, which I have placed here only with hesitation. The longi-
tudinal; line is visible only in strongly oblique light. A somewhat! similar form occurs at
Monterey, which 1 know by a sketch sent by Grunow, who calls it Mastogloia? decorata. This
form is smaller (L. 0,033; B. 0,013 mm.) and has a larger quadrate central area and probably
coarser striz.

53. C.? sejuncta A. S. (1874). — V. linear, with parallel margins and rounded cuneate
ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,01 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. transverse.
Longitudinal lines broad, submarginal. — Nav. sejuncta A. S. N. 8S. D. p. 87 Pl. I f. 18.

Marine: North Sea, Campeachy Bay (A. 8.).

I have not seen this species, which A. Scumipr seems to consider akin to Diploneis
nitescens. It seems to me more probable that it belongs to the group of C. Powelliz. No indica-
tion of the nature of the strie exists. If punctate this form may be a Diploneis; if smooth it
belongs to the group of C. Powellii.

54. C. blanda A. 8. (1874). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,05 to 0,13; B. 0,01 to
0,018 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area orbicular, large. Striz 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. parallel,
radiate at the ends, not distinctly punctate. Longitudinal lines broad. — Nav. blanda A. S. N.
S. D. p. 90 PL II f. 27. Pinn. ergadensis Gruc. T. M. S. 1856 p. 48 Pl. V f. 22?

Marine: North Sea! Black Sea! Ceylon! Seychelles! Amboina! Labuan! Tahiti!

55. C, supergradata Brun. (1891). —- V. convex, linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,115 to
0,185; B. 0,o16 mm. Axial and central areas combined in a broad, linear space. Median line
strongly flexuose. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm., parallel smooth. Longitudinal lines broad, marginal. —
Nav. supergr. Brun. D. Esp. n. p. 40 Pl. XV f. 6.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Port d’Alger (Brun), Bosphorus (Brun).

KONG. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 63

56. C. Wittii Grun. (1881). — V. linear, slightly constricted in the middle, with subcuneate
ends. L. 0,073; B. 0,014 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., smooth,
subparallel. Jongitudinal lines broad, submarginal. — Nav. Wittii Grun. in Cl. N. R. D. p. 11
PE. TIL. 31:

Marine: Brazil (Grun.).

57. C. Zanardiniana Grun. (1860). — V. linear, with slightly concave margins and sub-
cuneate ends. L. 0,168; B. 0,019 mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the central
nodule. Striz 5 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines broad, median. -- Nav. Zanard. Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 525 Pl. IIT f. 12.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

58. C. Campbellii Perrr (1877). — V. with parallel or slightly concave margins and cuneate
ends. L. 0,058 to 0,081; B. 0,019 to 0,022 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area a subquadrate
space with fragments of strie. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. smooth, parallel. Longitudinal lines marginal.
— Nav. Campb. Pret. D. de Campb. p. 22 Pl. V f. 23.

Marine: Island of Campbell!

An examination of original specimens has convinced me that this species is nearly akin to
C. Powellit.

59. C. biseriata Perit (1877). — V. convex, lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle
to the ends. L. 0,055 to 0,074; B. 0,0176 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area a quadrate space.
Median line with approximate central pores. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., smooth, slightly radiate through-
out. Longitudinal lines broad, on one side of the median line uniting with the central area. —
Nav. biseriata Pevir D. de Campb. p. 23 Pl. 1V f. 15.

Marine: New Zealand!

60. C. Powellii Lewis (1861). — V. linear, with parallel margins and cuneate ends. L. 0,05
to 0,13; B. 0,015 to 0,o3 mm. Axial area indistinct or narrow. Central area quadrate. Striz
7 to 11 in 0,o1 mm., parallel, smooth. Longitudinal lines broad, uniting with the central area.

Var. atlantica Cu. — L. 0,05 to 0,1 mm. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Powellii
Lewis Proced. Ac. nat. sc. Philad. p. 65 Pl. Il f. 6. Nav. sectilis var. Boryana Panv. II p. 53
Pl. VIT1 f. 152 (1889).

Marine: Quincy, Mass! Long Island Sound! Hungary fossil (Pant).

Var. galapagensis Cu. (1881). — L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,013 to 0,02 mm. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01
mm. — Nav. Pow, var. galapag. Cu. N. R. D. p. 11 Pl. IIT f. 380.

Marine: West Indies! Galapagos Islands!

Var. Vidovichi Grun. (1863). — V. 0,1 to 0,15 mm. Striz 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav,
Vidovichi Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 150 Pl. XIII f. 4.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.), Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! S. America (Deby Coll.)!

Var. egyptiaca Grev. (1866). — V. elongated, slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,11
to 0,13; B. 02 mm. Axial area distinct. Central area irregularly quadrate. Strie 6 in 0,01
mm. smooth, transverse. Longitudinal lines broad, united, or nearly so, with the central area.
— Nav. egyptiaca Gruv. T. M. 8S. XIV p. 127 Pl. XII f. 16—17. Purse. D. de Villefr. p. 53
Fi, TL £..9.

Marine: Adriatic! Alexandria (Deby Coll.), Sumatra!

Var. Bartholomet Cu. (1878). — V. panduriform. L. 0,055 to 0,07; B. 0,015 or 0,017 (max.)
to 0,01 (min.) in 0,01 mm. Axial area distinct, but narrow. Central area quadrate. Strie 7 to
8 in 0,01 mm. smooth, parallel. Longitudinal lines broad, marginal, united with the central area.
— Nav. Bartholomei Cu. W. Ind. D. p. 6 Pl If. 5. A. 8S. Atl. CLX f. 9.

Marine: West Indies! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)! Bahia (Deby Coll.)!

64 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS,

61. C. Castracanei Grun. (1881). — V. broadly linear to lanceolate, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,07 to 0,135; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Median line straight, with small, terminal nodules and large
quadrate, central nodule. Axial and central areas uniting in a narrow, lanceolate space. Strie
9 to 12 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, smooth. Longitudinal lines broad, area-like,
median, not united with the central area.

Var. Philippinarum Cu. — V. linear with gradually narrowed ends. L. 0,11; B. 0,02 mm.
Strize 12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Manilla (Deby Coll.).

Var. Petitiana Grun. (1881). — V. broadly linear, with cuneate ends and parallel margins.
L. 0,07; B. 0,02 mm. Area crossed by faint strie. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pet. GRUN. in
Cl. N. R. D. p. 12 Pl. TIT f. 34.

Marine: Cebu!

Var. seychellensis Grun. Ms. — Like var. Petitiana, but without faint strie on the area.
Strie 10 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Seychelles (Van-Heurck Coll.)!

Var. caledonica Cu. — V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,135; B. 0o3 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: New Caledonia (Kinker Coll.)!
Var. genuina Cu. — YV. lanceolate. L. 0,1; B. 0,03 mm. Stria 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.

Castracaneit Grun. in Cl. N. R. D. p. 12 Pl. IIT f. 33.

Marine: Australia (Grun.).

C. Castracanei is a large and beautiful form, and is connected by intermediate varieties with
C. Powellit.

62. €.? venusta Pant. (1889). — V. linear, with rostrate ends. L. 0,037; B. 0,095 mm.
Axial area narrow. Central area small, dilated on both sides of the median line to broad lateral
areas. Strize 21 to 22,5 in 0,01 mm., parallel, divergent towards the ends. Longitudinal lines mar-
ginal. — Nav. venusta Pant. IT p. 54 Pl. V f. 81.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

I have not seen this species; the description being made from the figure in Pantocseks
work, which shews some likeness to a small C. Powellit, with the strie crossed by a narrow,
marginal line.

63. C. amica Cu. a. Grun. (1881). — V. broad, slightly constricted in the middle, with
cuneate ends. L. 0,075 to 0,095; B. 0,023 to 0,03 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area
large, quadrate, dilated to broad lateral areas on both sides of the median line. Strie 7 to 8 in
0,01 mm. smooth, almost parallel. — Nav. amica Cu. a. Grun. in Cl. N. R. D. p. 12 Pl. IIT f. 37.

Marine: Tahiti!

C. amica is remarkable by the broad lateral areas, which are also very much developped in
the following two species. These areas occupy the place of the longitudinal lines of the other
species of this genus.

64. C. quadriseriata Cu. a. Grun. (1881). — V. broad, hexagonal, with parallel margins
and large, cuneate ends. Median line with small terminal fissures and incrassate central nodule.
L. 0,09 to 0,16; B. 0,035 to 0,047 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area large, orbicular. Strie
7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate at the ends, elsewhere parallel, smooth. Longitudinal areas
broad, linear, attenuated towards the ends. — Nav. quadriseriata Cu. N. R. D. p. 12 Pl. III f. 32.
Nav. duplec Pant. III Pl. XLIT f. 579 (1898).

Marine: Barcelona! Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples! Levant (Grove Coll.)!

65. €.? kryophila Cu. (1883). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with cuneate or obtuse ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,018 to 0,o4 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area small, orbicular, dilated
on both sides of the median line to large, lunate lateral areas, on which. faint traces of the striz

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 65

are visible. Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. smooth, slightly radiate. — Nav. kryoph. Cu. Vega p. 473
Pl. XXXVII f. 43. Var.? gelida Cu. 1. c. f. 42.

Marine: North Siberian Sea, Cape Wankarema! Ice from the east-coast of Greenland!

A very peculiar form, for which I can find no other natural place than this. The large
lateral areas give this form some resemblance to N. Hennedyi, but nevertheless it cannot belong
to the section Lyrate of Navicula, as the structure of the strie is entirely different. If this
species really be a Caloneis, we have here the »lateral lines» in an extraordinary degree of
development.

66. C. Musca Grea. (1857). — V. broad, panduriform, with cuneate or rounded ends. L. 0,04
to 0,07; B. 0,016 to 0,025 mm. Axial and central areas united in a broad lanceolate, space,
sometimes constricted in the middle. Median line bordered by thick siliceous strings, with in-
distinct terminal fissures and approximate central pores. Strie 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., smooth, or
more or less obscurely punctate. Longitudinal line broad, submarginal. — Nav. Musca Gree. D.
or Clyde p, 279 Pl, IX £ 6. A. SS. NLS. Dip 86 PLT 15. Ad. CLX £1, % 10, 1, 19,
Nav. constricta Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 535 Pl. III f. 18 (very bad). Nav. intercedens A. S. Atl.
CLX f. 3, 4, 5. Nav. musceformis Pant. III Pl. XVII f. 256 (18938).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Bab el mandeb! Ceylon! Seychelles!
China! Japan! Galapagos Islands! Porto Seguro! West Indies!

Var. intermedia Cu. — Strongly constricted, with elliptical segments. L. 0,06 to 0,09;
B. 0,025 to 0,o28 mm. Axial area narrow, lanceolate. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines
broad, submarginal. — Nav. Musca var. intermedia A. S. Atl. CLX f. 7, 8.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Manila (Deby Coll.)! Samoa (Atl).

Var. mirabilis Leup. Fort. (1879). — V. panduriform with tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,077;
B. 0,029 mm. Axial area narrow linear, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Strie 7 (6
according to Leud.) in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines broad, submarginal. — Nav. mirabilis Leup.
Fortm. D. de Ceylan p. 31 Pl. II f. 21. A. 8S. Atl. CLX f. 6.

Marine: Ceylon! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Manila (Deby Coll.)! Sumatra!

Var. eurynota Cu. — V. strongly constricted in the middle with elliptical segments. L. 0,08;
B. 0,02 (max.) to 0,01 (min.) mm. Axial area very large. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal
line narrow, median. —- Pl. VI f. 9 (Part II Pl. I f. 9).

Marine: Rio Janeiro (Deby Coll.)!

Var.? margino-punctata Grove a. Sturt (1887). — V. slightly constricted in the middle,
with cuneate or rounded ends. L. 0,055 to 0,11; B. 0,022 to 0,032 mm. Area broad and large.
Strie 10 in 0,01 mm., becoming faint towards the area. Longitudinal lines marginal. — Nav.
margino-punctata Gr. a. Sturt Journ.Quek. M. Club. IIT (2) p. 132 Pl. X f. 7. Nav. margino-
lineata Gr. a. Sturt. l.c. f. 11. A. 8. Atl. CLX f. 27.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

N. Musca is extremely variable and many of the varieties are very dissimilar in ap-
pearance, but there exist, so far as I can find, no characteristics of sufficient importance for their
distinction as species. Nearly akin to N. Musca is also the following, which is described as a
species, because it occurs in many different places with the same characteristics.

67. C, Kinkeriana Truan (1892). — V. panduriform, of the same outline as Diploneis Kiit-
zingti. L. 0,11 to 0,13; B. 0,04 (max.) to 0,018 (min.). Axial area broad, with rudimentary
continuations of the strie. Median line straight, enclosed between thick siliceous strings, with
small terminal nodules and approximate central pores. Strive 7 in 0,01 mm., smooth, or indistinctly
granulate, radiate. Longitudinal bands narrow, nearer to the margin than to the median line. —

K. Sv. Vet, Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 26. No 2. 9*

66 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Cu. in Diatomiste I p. 76 Pl. XII f. 5. Nav. Kink. Pant. IIT Pl. XLIT f. 571. Nav. Venus Pant.
TIT Pl. XXITX f. 422 (1892)?

Marine: Guernsey (Grove Coll.)! Mediterranean Sea (Naples, Nice, Barcelona)! Moron,
fossil (Truan).

This is certainly one of the most beautiful naviculoid diatoms. It was named by the late
Mr. Truan Nav. Kinkeriana, a name given by Pantocsek to another Navicula (N. Kinkerw II, IX
f. 169). For this reason I proposed to name it N. amoena, but having since separated the genus
Caloneis from Navicula, I prefer the name given by Truan.

68. C. biconstricta Grove a. Sturt (1887). — V. biconstricted with orbicular median and
elliptical terminal segments. L. 0,08; B. 0,016 mm. Axial area narrow; central area orbicular.
Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line marginal. — Nav. bic. Grove a. Sturt. Quek. M. Club.
TIT (2) p. 182 Pl. X f. 9.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

69. C. formicina Grun. (1878). — V. biconstricted, with small median and large terminal
segments. L. 0,057 to 0,085; B. 0,012 (max.) to 0,004 (min.) mm. Axial area narrow, dilated in
the middle to a transverse fascia. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., very delicately punctate. Longitudinal
line inframarginal. Frustule rectangular. — Nav. formicina Grun. in Cl. West Ind. D. p. 6,
f. 6. A. S. Atl. CLX f. 38 to 41.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Grun.).

70, €.? egena A. 8. (1890). — V. biconstricted, with the median segment smaller than the
terminal, which are acuminate. L. 0,033; B. 0,005 mm. Axial and central areas united in a
space of the same shape as the valve. Striz marginal, 11 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line? —
Nav. egena A. S. Atl. CLX f. 42, 438.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (A. 8.).

71. €. ophiocephala Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. very convex, divided by two constrictions
into three segments, of which the median is almost orbicular, the terminal spathulate. L. 0,07 to
0,085; B. 0,013. Median line with indistinct terminal nodoles, enclosed between strong siliceous
strings. Axial areas in the terminal segments large, lanceolate. Central area very broad, having
a lunate marking or each side of the central nodule. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm, at the base of the
segments, 13 at the ends, radiate, smooth. Longitudinal line narrow. — Nav. ophiocephala Cu. a.
Grove Diatomiste I p. 57 Pl. IX f. 13.

Marine: Island of Rhea, Singapore! Java! Island of Muntok, Sumatra! Macassar Straits
(Grove Coll.)!

72. C.? scintillans Temp. a. Brun. (1889). — V. strongly constricted in the middle. Seg-
ments rhomboidal with cuneate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,125; B. 0,025 to 0,035; at the constriction 0,012
mm. Median line enclosed between strong siliceous strings with small terminal fissures, turned
in the same direction, and approximate central pores. Axial area narrow. Central area a broad,
transverse fascia. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. smooth, slightly divergent in the middle of each segment.
Longitudinal line(?) approximate to the axial area, indistinct. — Nav. scint. D. f. du Japon p. 45
PL Vf5. A. S. Atl CLX f. 36, 37.

Marine: Japan, fossil! Jedo (Atl).

I am not quite sure whether this form belongs to Caloneis or to Pinnularia. On the fig.
in D. f. du Japon a marginal longitudinal line is visible, but I have not seen this line on original
specimens. It seems to me doubtful whether the line close to the axial area is the longitudinal

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 67

line. If this form does not belong to Caloneis, it is a Pinnularia, and is then akin to P. lo-
bata and P. excellens.

73. €.? Hardmaniana Cy. V. Sp. — V. deeply constricted, with subelliptical segments,
broadest at the base. L. 0,05; B. 0,016, at the constriction 0,005 mm. Median line with approximate
median pores, and small terminal nodules. Axial area very broad, elliptical in each segment.
Central area a broad, transverse fascia. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. at the base of the segments, 10 at
the ends, smooth. Longitudinal lines indistinct. — Pl. VI f. 10 (Part II Pl. I f. 10).

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Hardmans coll.)!

This species is akin to C. scintillans and may perhaps be a Pinnularia.

Additional.

74. C. latevittata Panr. (1893). — V. with parallel margins and cuneate ends. L. 0,084;
B. 0,0024 mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Strize parallel
throughout, 18 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. Longitudinal lines broad, nearer to the margin
than to the median line. — Nav. latev. Pant. III Pl. VIII f. 122.

Habitat? Hungary, Bodos (Pant.).

I have not seen this species, and am uncertain whether it is a Caloneis or a Neidium.

Neidium Prirzer (1871).

Valve elongated, linear to broadly lanceolate. Median line straight; its central pores turned
in contrary directions; its ends with two lateral and one axial prolongations. On both sides of
the median line are one or two longitudinal lines. Axial area narrow or indistinct. Central area
orbicular or somewhat transversely dilated. Structure: distinct puncta, disposed in transverse,
usually oblique, rows. Cell-contents: two chromatophores along the connecting zone, which do not
migrate along the interior of the valve, and are divided by fissures parallel to the axis of the cell
(Pritzer, Bau und Entw. p. 39). In conjugation two cells form two auxospores with transversely
striate perizonium, which opens by an operculum (GrirritH, Ann, and Mag. n. hist. s. 2 Vol. XVI
p- 92 Pl. If B 1855. — Dr Bary, Bot. Z. Beil. p. 62, 1858).

The genus Neidium was founded in 1871 by Pritzer (Bau u. Entw. p. 39) on the charac-
teristics of the cell-contents, but the peculiarities of the valve are also sufficient for the distinction
of Neidium as a genus. The median line has the central pores turned in contrary directions. The
terminal nodules are also peculiar. The longitudinal lines point to some relation between Neidium
and Caloneis, but the structure is different. The forms of Neidium have in the dry state usually
a characteristic yellow colour. The striz are coarsely, or at least distinctly, punctate and they
usually cross the valve in an oblique direction. The puncta form also, on the other hand, more
or less regular, longitudinal strie.

Neidium is, as far I can see, not nearly akin to any other genus, although there are some
relations to Caloneis, of which genus C. Silicula was by Prrrzur included in Neidium. One species
of Scoliopleura, viz. S. Schneidert GRrun. resembles Neidium in the oblique striation.

The numerous forms included in Neidium are so intimately connected, that all the species
are more or less artificial and founded on variable characteristics, such as the form and outline of
the valve. It seems from the observations of GrirrrrH that the mother-cells of the auxospore have
rostrate, but the young cells, rounded ends. Strictly speaking, perhaps all the forms of Neidium
ought to be treated as varieties of one species, but this course would make it difficult to dis-
criminate between the numerous forms.

All the Neidia live in fresh water, some few also in brackish water. They occur in arctic

as well as in tropical regions.

68 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Artificial key.

L { Valve elongated, 3 to 6 times longer than broad 2.
\ = broad, 2 to 3 7,
meee parallel 3.
2. = convex Gy Sth a : me, es sti« ce aS 4.
undulating. . : Bide dhedt dis, Sy Seer BOS
Ends rounded : N. bisulcatum Laest.
3. \- cuneate : ; N. amphigomphus Ens.
rostrate ; . N. affine Exp.
pees rounded ... 1... Wd : N. Tridis Eus.
4. subrostrate 3 : N. Iridis var.
i rostrate-capitate ayia ot go 44 N. productum W. Sm.
5. eee sane rounded... .. eS tals F apy oe AN: a var.
cuneate ho 4g Oe 7 @
6. Re slightly oblique. . : : _N. Hitchcockii Ens.
strongly F : N. oblique-striatum A. 8
L. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. jae . N. dubium Eas.
7 L. 006 mm... ... ‘ ean cs . Ndilatatum Exp.
: (2 0,07 to 0,1 mm. . ; . N. citrewm A. 8.
L. 0,16 mm. . : eo o 4 N. tumescens Grun.

1. N. bisuleatum Laces. (1873). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,04 to 0,07; B. 0,008
to 0,oo9 mm. Striz 28 to 30 in 0,01 mm., distinctly punctate. — Navic. bisulcata Laest. Spitsb.
D. p. 31 PLIf 8 A. 8. Atl XLIX f. 15,17. M. seta W. Sm. Ann. Mag. n. hist. XIX p. 10,
Pl. IT f. 4 (1857)?

Fresh water (alpine regions): Greenland! Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland (Lagst.)! Dovre, Nor-
way! Sweden (Areskutan, Westerbotten etc.)! Finland! Lac Gerardmer (Vosges)! Argentina!

2. N. affine Eup. (1843). — V. linear, with rostrate ends.

Var. longiceps Grue. (1856). — V. small, frequently with undulating margins. Ends broad,
rostrate or rostrate-capitate. L. 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Strie very fine. — Nav. longiceps Gree. M.
J. IV Pl f 27.

Fresh water: Greenland! Scotland (Greg.)!

Var. undulata Grun. (1860). — V. slightly triundulate, with broad, rounded ends. LL. 0,07;
B. 0,013 mm. Strize 24 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. aff. var. undulata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 544. Pl. V
f. 6. V. H. Syn. Pl. XTII f. 6.

Fresh water: Sweden (Cl. M. D. N:o 103), Belgium (V. H.).

Var. amphirhynchus Eup. (1843). — V. with protracted, rostrate-capitate ends.

Forma minor: L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,008 to 0,013 mm. Strie 25 to 27 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Sweden (Upsala)! Astralia (Blue Mountains)!

Forma major: L. 0,09; B. 0,01 mm. Striz about 16 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. affinis Exp. Am.
III: 1, f. 10 etc. Nav. amphirhynchus W. Sm. B. D. XVI f. 142. Donk. B. D. p. 34 Pl. Vf. 9.
A. 8. Atl XLIX f. 27 to 30. Nav. aff. var. amphirh. Grun. Verh. 1860 Pl. V f.5,11. Nav. Iridis
var. amphirh. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIII f. 5.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Scotland! England! eee
(V. H.)! Sweden! Finland! New Zealand!

Var. genuina Cu. — V. with rostrate, less protracted ends.

Forma minor: UL. 0,045 to 0,065; B. 0,008 to 0,013 mm. Strize 22 to 29 in 0,01 mm. —
Nav. affinis Eup. Am. II:2. f. 7; 4 f. 4. Kuz. Bac. XXVIII f. 65. Nav. affinis var. A. 8. Atl.
XLIX fig. 20 to 23. Nav. bisulcata var. turgidula Laast. Spitsb. D. p. 82 Pl. I f. 9.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Lappland! Finland (Tulomian Lappmark)! Italy (Atl.)!
Australia (Blue Mountains and Tasmania)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2. 69

Forma media: L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,017 to 0,o2 mm. Striz 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm., composed
of puncta, 13 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. affinis Grea. M. J. 1854 II f. &. Grun. Verh. 1860 Pl. V
f. 2. Donx. B. D. p. 33 Pl. V f. 8. Nav. firma var. subampliata Grun. A. 8. Atl. XLIX f. 19.

Fresh water: Greenland! Iceland! Spitsbergen (Lagst.)! England! Sweden! Finland! South
Africa! Australia (Murray River)!

Forma maxima: L. 0,18 to 0,3; B. 0,04 mm. Strize 12 to 17 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 14 to 15
in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 1.

Fresh water: Monticello, (fossil) New York!

3. N. productum W. Sm. (1853). — V. subelliptical, with rostrate-capitate ends. Li. 0,06
to 0,1; B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. producta W. Sm. B. D. I p. 51 PI.
XVII f. 144. A. 8S. Atl XLIX f. 37 to 39. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 543 Pl. IV f. 35. Nav. Iridis
var. producta V. H. Syn. p. 104 Pl. XIII f. 3. Nav. affinis V. H. Syn. Pl. XIII f. 4.

Fresh water: England! Germany! Belgium (V. H.). Bengal!

This form graduates into N. affinis var. amphirynchus.

4. N. oblique-striatum A. S. (1877). — V. linear, slightly triundulate, with cuneate ends.
L. 0,068 to 0,13; B. 0,015 to 0,o22 mm. Striz 14 to 20 in 0,01 mm. very oblique, coarsely punc-
tate, puncta 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. -- Nav. obl. str. A. 8. Atl. XLIX f. 41, 42.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

5. N. Iridis Eup. (1843). — V. linear, subelliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,09 to 0,17;
B. 0,022 to 0,o3 mm. Strie slightly oblique, 16 to 19 in 0,01 mm., punctate; puncta 13 to 17 in
0,o1 mm. — Nav. Iridis Eup. Am. p. 130 Pl. IV:1, f. 2. Kirz. Bac. p. 92 Pl. XXVIII f. 42.
Donx. B. D. p. 30 PL Vfi6. A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 2. V. H. Syn. XT f. 1. Nav. firma Kivrz.
Bac. p. 92. Pl. XXI f. 10. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XVI f. 188. A. S. Atl XLIX f. 3. Nav. firma
var. major Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 543 Pl. V f. 1. Srrész, Kliecken D. f. 5 a.

Fresh water: Franz Jos. Land (Grun.), Iceland! Sweden! Finland! England! Vosges! Switzer-
land (Brun), Belgium (V. H.). North America (French Pond, Monticello, Delaware)! Cape Horn
(Petit). Australia (Blue Mountains)!

Var. ampliata Eup. (1842). — V. narrow, elliptical, with broad, subrostrate ends. L. 0,07
to 0,1; B. 0,023 to 0,o26 mm. Striz 16, puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. ampliata Eup. Ber. 1842
p. 337 M. Geol. A. 8. Atl XLIX f. 4, 5. Nav. affinis W. Sm. B.D. XVI f. 143. Srréss,
Kliecken D. f. 12.

Fresh water: Sweden, Degernis (Atl.); Holstein (Atl.). Houghton, Michigan N. A.!

6. N. amphigomphus Exus. (1843). —— V. linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,15; B.
0,022 to 0,04 mm. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate, puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. amphi-
gomphus Eus. Am. Ii f. 27, IIl:1 f. 8. Kivz. Bac. p. 93 Pl. XXVIII f. 40, 41. A.S. Ath XLIX
f. 32 to 34. Nav. firma Donx. B. D. p. 31 PL V £7. Nav. affinis v. amphirhynchus Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 544 Pl. V f. 2. Nav. dilatata A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 9. Nav. Iridis var. amphigomphus
V. H. Syn. p. 104 Pl. XIII f. 2.

Fresh water: Greenland! Spitsbergen (Lagst.)! Sweden! Finland! Belgium (V. H.)! Germany!
Switzerland! North America (New Providence! Monmouth! Canada! Sierra Nevada!). South
America!

7. N. Hitcheockii Ex. (1843). — V. linear, biconstricted, with cuneate ends. L. 0,055 to
0,1; B. 0,015 mm. Strize 20, puncta 20 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Hitch. Ens. Am. p. 130, M. G. V: 3
f. 11. Dons. B. D. p. 29 PL Vfi4. A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 35, 36.

Fresh water: Sweden! Scotland (Donk.)! Bengal! Australia (Murray River)! New Zealand!
North America (Port Hope! Crane Pond! French Pond!).

N. Hitchcockii may be regarded as a undulate form of N. amphigomphus.

70 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

8. N. dubium Eus. (1843). — V. elliptical, sometimes slightly biconstricted, with obtuse,
subrostrate, or almost apiculate ends. i. 0,03 to 0,0375; B. 0,01 mm. Striz 20 to 24 in 0,01 mm.
— Nav. dubia Ens. Am. p. 130 Pl. II f. 2, 8 Kitz. Bac. p. 96 Pl. XXVIII f. 61. Gree. M. J.
1856, IV Pl. I f. 3. Scuum. P. D. 1 Nacht. p. 21 f. 25. A. 8S. Atl XLIX f. 7, 8, 24 to 26.
Nav. Peisonis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 544 Pl. III f. 28. Nav. Iridis var. dubia V. H. Syn. p. 104
Suppl. B. f. 32. Nav. incurva var. minuta Gurwinsky Materyjaly p. 22 Pl. I f. 18.

Fresh, sometimes brackish water: Sweden (Westerbotten to Skane)! Gulf of Bothnia! Scot-
land (Greg.). Neusiedler See, Hungary (Grun.). Bengal! Australia (Blue Mountains)! New Zea-
land! North America (Port Hope, Ducks Pond, Lost Spring Ranch Cal.)! Surinam! Ecuador! Puerto
Monte, Chile! Argentina!

9. N. dilatatum Eup. (1843). — V. broadly elliptical, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,06;
B. 0,025 mm. Strize 16, puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. dilatata Eup. Am. p. 130. A. 8. Atl.
XLIX f. 6.

Fresh water: Finland (Vasa! Pudasjarvi Atl.).

10. N. eitreum A. 8. (1877). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,07 to 0,10; B. 0,04 to 0,055 mm.
Striz 16 to 17, puncta 17 to 19 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. citrea A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 12.
Fresh water: Demerara River!

11. N. tumescens Grun. (1877). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,16; B. 0,06 mm. Striz 16.
puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. firma var. tumescens Grun. A. 8. Atl. XLIX f. 10.
Fresh water: North America (Bemis Lake! Cherryfield! Monmouth! Troy!).

Additional.

To Neidium perhaps belongs Navicula includens Pant. III (Pl. XIII f. 201), unknown te
the author.

Pseudoamphiprora Cr. (1881).

Valve more or less lanceolate and convex. Median line straight. Central nodule transversely
dilated into a stauros, not reaching the margin, but abutting on two longitudinal lines, one on each
side of the median line. Axial area indistinct, central area a transverse fascia. Striaw nearly
parallel, composed of fine puncta. Connecting zone not complex. — The cell-contents of P. stauro-
ptera have two chromatophore-plates along the valves. They have entire margins and a deep,
narrow sinus from the apices, below the median line. Their substance is thinner below the longi-
tudinal lines.

In the year 1881 (New and rare D. p. 13) I proposed to include in a section Pseudo-amphi-
prora of Navicula a few forms, among which was Amphora stauroptera Bat.., synonymous with
Amphiprora lepidoptera Gree. (D. of Cl. Pl. XII f 59 ce) and A. obtusa Grue. (1. c. f. 60). This
small group is very interesting and merits to be regarded as a separate genus, the systematic place
of which is between Navicule Lyrate and Caloneis.

All the species are marine and inhabit both arctic and tropical seas.

Artificial key of species.
1 es narrow ‘8 Mp elite: athe: wht . . . P. impleta Cu. a. Grov.

— broad : ee 7 : é 9

9 V. with cuneate ends... 1... ee ea, So se Fo eke P. polygona Bauw,
"| V. lanceolate. . Fae a ce ee . deste eh ttt ; Mant

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2. T1

5 a very convex ........., oe ee . . . BP. crucifix Br. a. Temp.
“ \V. less convex... 2... , vss : a a 4.

4 J Stri# coarsely punctate . iia, hes : $50 wi . . BP. jugata Ch.
“ \ = finely SE oben 2h py ie ds gt ay a apa a . . P. stawroptera Ban.

1. P. impleta Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,13; B. 0,038 mm. Median
line with very approximate central pores and indistinct terminal fissures. Stauros narrow dilated
at the extremities. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, finely lineate. Longitudinal lines 3
to 4 on each half of the valve, the most distinct connecting the ends of the stauros with the ends
of the valve. — Nav. impl. Cu. a. Grove. Diatomiste I, p. 58 Pl. IX fig. 1.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

2. P. polygona Brun (1891). — V. broad with slightly convex margins and cuneate, obtuse,
ends. L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0,035 to 0,05 mm. Median line with small terminal fissures, turned in
the same direction, and not very approximate central pores. Stauros moderately broad. Striz
slightly radiate throughout, 16 in 0,01 mm., punctate, puncta 21 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines
not very distinct. — Nav. pol. Brun. D. Esp. n. p. 388 Pl. XV f. 9.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

The longitudinal lines are not so distinct as on the
other species. In their place is a kind af low crest sepa-
rating the interior part of the valve from the exterior
steeply sloping part.

3. P. stauroptera Barz. (1854). — V. elliptic-lanceo-
late, with obtuse ends. J, 0,11 to 0,13; B. 0,03 to 0,035
mm. Stauros moderately broad. Strie 14 to 18 in 0,01
mm., finely punctate, parallel. Longitudinal lines distinct,
median. — Amphora stauroptera Batu. Smiths. Contr. VII
p. 8 f. 14, 15 (1854). Amphiprora lepidoptera Grea. D. of
Clyde p. 506 Pl. XII f. 59 ¢ (1857). Amphiprora obsusa
Gree. D. of Clyde 1. c. fig. 60. A. 8. N. 8. D. TT f. 1.
Nav. arctica Cu. D. arct. 8. p. 16 Pl. IIT f. 13 (1873).
Lagerst. Boh. D. p. 46. Cn. N. R. D. p. 18.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.). Finmark! North Sea!
Nova Scotia (Bail). Sidney (Brun Coll.!).

4. P. jugata Cu. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with ob-
tuse ends. L. 0,068 to 0,093; B. 0,02 to 0,024 mm. Stauros
of median breadth. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. parallel, more distinct outside the longitudinal lines,

distinctly punctate; puncta about 12 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines median. — Nav. jugata Cu.
N. R. D. p. 13 Pl. TIT f. 38.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!
Var. Pensacole Cu. (1881). — V. slightly triundulate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,054; B.

0,015. Striz 15 in 001 mm. — Nav. Pensacole Cu. N. R. D. p. 14 Pl. WI f. 39.
Marine: Pensacola!

P. stauroptera 500 times magnified.

5. P. crucifix Teme. a. Brun. (1889). — V. very convex, narrow, lanceolate, with subacute
ends. L. 0,12; B. 0,o22 mm. Stauros moderately broad. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm. parallel, punctate;
puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines marginal. — Nav. eruc. D. foss. du Japon p. 42
Pl. VII f. 10.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

72 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

To this genus probably belongs Stawroneis decora Grev. (T. Bot. Soc. of Edinb. Vol. VIII
p. 236 Pl. III f. 11) from New Caledonia. It is very transparent, lanceolate, in length 0,14 mm.
and has a short stauros not reaching the longitudinal ridges.

Scoliotropis Cr. N. G.

Valve elongated symmetrical. Median line slightly sigmoid, especially towards the ends.
On both sides of the median line is a longitudinal line. Structure double: coarser transverse cost
and finer puncta, disposed in obliquely decussating rows. Connecting zone with longitudinal rows
of short striz.

This genus has been formed for Scoliopleura latestriata Grun. as this form is entirely
different from the true Scoliopleura-forms in its structure, which is the same as in Gomphoneis,
and in the complex nature of its connecting zone. Later on another, very interesting species,
was discovered, unfortunately not yet found in entire specimens, S. Gillesiz.

The frustules of S. latestriata have along the connecting zone
on each side, two chromatophore-plates, the margins of which are
gently undulating. In front-view the plates have a sinus around
the central] plasma-mass.

1. S. latestriata Bris. (1849). — V. linear, narrowed at the
cuneate ends. IL. 0,1 to 0,18; B. 0,025 mm. Median line strongly
sigmoid. Structure: strong cost, 7 in 0,01 mm., transverse, trough-
out, and minute puncta, 18 in 0,01 mm., forming obliquely de-
cussating lines and alternating in double rows with the coste.
Connecting zone with several longitudinal rows of short striz, about
25 in 0,01 mm. — Amphipr. latestr. Bris. in Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 93.
Navic. conveza W. Su. B. D. I p. 49 Pl. XVI f. 136 (1853). Scolio-
pleura latestriata V. H. Syn. p. 111 Pl. XVII f. 12.

Marine: North Sea (Sweden! England! Belgium!), Caspian Sea
(Grun.). Atlantic coasts of North America! West Indies! California!

Var. Amphora Cu. (1892). — V. asymmetrical, with a more
convex dorsal side. Median line curved, with the terminations
directed towards the same side. — Scoliotr. latestr. var. Amphora Cu. Diatomiste I p. 78 Pl.
XII f. 13.

Marine: Long Island Sound, New York!

I have only seen detached valves, of this variety, so I do not know whether both valves
have the median lines on the same side of the frustule or not.

S. latestriata, 500 times magnified.

2. 8S. Gilliesii Cu. a. Compzr N. Sp. — V. convex, linear, tapering at the somewhat rounded
ends. L. 0,2; B. 0,06 mm. Median line straight (sigmoid at the ends?). Central nodule small; its
median pores turned in opposite directions. Axial and central areas indistinct. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm.
a little closer towards the ends, parallel, somewhat convergent at the ends, crossed by a longi-
tudinal keel, enclosing a furrow broader than a half of the breadth of the valve. The costz
alternate with double rows of puncta, about 14 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal undulating rows.
— PLIf 16.

Marine: Jamaica (Comber Coll.)!

This species, named in honour of Captain Gruurus, who procured the material, is a very
characteristic, large form, of which fraginents only have been found. The median line seems to be
curved, probably in contrary directions, at the ends. The median pores have the same charac-

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2, 73

teristics as those of Neidiwm, and also the longitudinal keels or ridges, but the structure differs
entirely from that of Neidiwm and agrees with that of Diploneis. In my opinion this remarkable
form approaches nearer to Scol. latestriata than any other.

Gomphoneis Ct. N. Gen.

Valve elongated, clavate, or asymmetrical with the transverse axis. Median line straight,
more or less oblique. Terminal fissures straight. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area small,
rounded, with one or more stigmas. On both sides of the median line are longitudinal lines.
Structure double: slightly radiate cost, and fine puncta, forming obliquely decussating lines. —
Zone broader in the upper than in the lower end, not complex. Cell-contents unknown.

I have formed this new genus for some species formerly considered as belonging to Gompho-
nema, but differing from it both in the structure and in the presence of the longitudinal lines. In
these characteristics they agree nearly with Scoliotropis, but differ in the straight median line, and
the asymmetrical form of the valve.

To Gomphoneis may perhaps also belong Gomphonema eriense Grun.

The few known species of Gomphoneis are all of fresh-water habitat and are found in North
and Central America.

Artificial key.

1 Central area on both sides of the central nodule with rows of stigmas . G. elegans GRuN.
: _— — —_ —_ —_ —_ — — one or two stigmas se 2

9 a about 9 in 0,61 mm. Be ae oa F wade . G. Mamilla Ens.
: - —-?2 — — castire Savy Sakis ge aa des . G. herculeana Ens.

1. G. elegans Grun. (1880). — V. sublanceolate, tapering from the gibbous middle to the
broad rounded upper end, and to the narrower basis. L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0,028 to 0,03 mm.
Median line broad (oblique). Axial area narrow; central area orbicular, with a circlet of stigmas.
Coste 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the ends. Puncta 22 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal lines distinct,
median. — Gomphonema elegans Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 19.

Fresh water: Shasta Co. Cal. foss. (Cl. M. D. N:o 264), Pitt River, Oregon (Grove Coll.)!

2. G. Mamilla Ens. (1854). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering to the obtuse, narrow ends.
L. 0,09 to 0,15; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area small, rounded,
with one or two stigmas. Coste slightly radiate at the ends, 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., alternating
with double rows of fine puncta, forming obliquely decussating rows, 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. Longi-
tudinal lines marginal. — Gomphonema Mam. Ens. M. G. XXXVII:2 f. 10. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII
f. 1. Gomphonema oregonicum var. maxima Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 3.

Fresh water: Shasta Co. Calif., fossil! Pitt River, Oregon (Grove Coll.)!

3. G. hereuleanum Exp. (1845). — V. clavate, with broad and rounded or subtruncate
upper ends. L. 0,06 to 0,1; B. 0,02 to 0,o22 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small,
rounded, with one stigma. Coste slightly radiate at the ends, about 12 in 0,01 mm., alternating
with double rows of puncta (about 22 in 0,01 mm.) forming obliquely decussating rows. Longi-
tudinal lines faint, sometimes obsolete, median. — Gomphonema hercul. Eup. Ber. 1845 (according
to Chase). Grun. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 11. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 2.

Fresh water: New York! Lake Erie (Cl. M. D. N:o 40)! Winnipeg River, Manitoba
Grove Coll.)! m

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd 26. Ni:o 2. 10

74 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. robusta Grun. (1878). — Broader, more clavate. — G. here. v. rob. Grun. Casp. Sea
Alg. p. 12 Pl. IU f. 3.

Fresh water: Kamtschatka (Grun.).

Var. clavata CL. — Broadest at the upper, rounded-truncate end. L. 0,11; B. 0,03 mm.

Fresh water: Pitt River, Col. (Grove Coll.)!

Navicule Luxuriosz Cu.

Valve of elliptical outline, with depressed areas on both sides of the median line, separated
by a more or less broad furrow from the marginal part. Axia] and central area uniting in a
narrow space around the median line. Structure: marginal, short strie and on the depressed areas
large distant puncta forming more or less regular longitudinal rows.

Only a few forms of this section are known, and it seems at present impossible to decide as
to their affinities. They have some resemblance to Diploneis nitrscens. The short marginal strize
are apparently smooth, but in a specimen of N. luazriosa from China I have seen in the marginal
furrow rows of distinct puncta in continuation of the marginal striz.

1. N. Tuxuriosa Grey. (1862). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse, sometimes cuneate,
ends. L. 0,06 to 0,09; B. 0,025 to 0,085 mm. Axial area narrow linear, slightly dilated in the
middle. Strie marginal, slightly radiate at the ends, 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm. Furrow with rudi-
mentary, sometimes distinctly punctate, strie. Depressed lateral areas large with 3 to 5 longi-
tudinal rows of large puncta straight, or curved towards the median line. — Nav. luxuriosa Grey.
T. M. 8. XI p. 18 Pl. If. 10, 11. Nav. lux. var. cuneata Brun. D. esp. n. p. 35 Pl. XVI f. 3.

Marine: N. 8. Wales (Grev.), China! Japan (Brun Coll.)!

2. N. decora Grove and Sturt (1887). — V. elliptical, with obtuse ends. L. 0,075 to 0,125;
B. 0,03 to 0,045 mm. Median line straight; its terminal fissures turned in the same direction.
Axial area distinct, linear, slightly dilated around the nodule. Marginal strie 7 in 0,01 mm.,
apparently smooth, slightly radiate. Furrow crossed by faint striw. Areas large, coarsely punctate;
puncta forming 5 to 6 irregularly undulating longitudinal rows, or somewhat scattered. — GROVE
and Sturt Quek. M. Cl. IIT (2) p. 133 Pl. X f. 13. A. S. Atl. CLXXIV f. 27.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

3. N. trilineata Grove and Srurr (1887). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,1; B. 0,033 mm.
Axial area narrow, slightly dilated towards the middle. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. crossed by two longi-
tudinal blank bands, so that each half of the valve seems to bear three longitudinal rows of
elongate, coarse puncta. -— Grove and Sturt Quek. M. Cl. III (2) p. 132 Pl. X f. 8.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Navicule Nicobaricez Cu.

Valve elliptical in outline. Median line with approximate central pores and large comma-
like terminal fissures, bordered on both sides by a longitudinal row of large, sometimes confluent
puncta. Axial and central areas united in a lanceolate space. Structure apparently smooth, distant
strive, radiate throughout.

This group comprises only two known species N. Nicobarica and N. Ny, of doubtful affinity
to and other species. They have some resemblance to certain Diploneis forms, but the central and
terminal nodules are very different. They seem to me provisionally to be nearest akin to Diplon.
moculata and N. foretpata, although the relation is a distant one.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 75

1. N. nicobarica Grun. (1863). — V. broadly elliptical. L. (,0244 to 0,043; B. 0,019 to
0,03 mm. Median line with moderately approximate median pores and large comma-like terminal
fissures, turned in the same direction. Axial and central areas uniting in a large lanceolate space,
having on both sides of the median line a row of large, sometimes confluent puncta. Strive 7 to
8 in 0,01 mm. smooth, radiate throughout. — Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 150 Pl. V f. 8. A.S. Atl. VIII
f. 57, LXX f. 35, 36. Cu. Vega p. 505 Pl. XXXV f. 16.

Marine: Ceylon! Nicobar Islands (Grun.), Celebes (Atl.), Cape of Good Hope (AtL), Cape
Horn (Petit).

2. N. Ny Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical, with broad rounded ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,018 mm.
Median line with large comma-like terminal fissures, turned in the same direction. Axial and
central area united in a large lanceolate area having on both sides of the median line a row of
small puncta, and around the central nodule a few larger stigmas. Stria, 16 in 0,01 mm.,
apparently smooth. — Pl. I f. 24.

Marine: Java!

Cymatoneis Cu. N. G.

Valve more or less elliptical or lanceolate in outline, divided by one or several longitudinal
ridges into two or more divisions. Median line with approximate central pores and elongated ter-
minal fissures, at some distance from the ends of the valve. Axial area narrow, central small,
usually rhomboidal. Structure: puncta disposed in transverse and straight longitudinal’ rows —
Zone not complex.

This little group of very characteristic forms seems to be most nearly akin to Scoliopleura,
although no species has any very close connection with that genus. The structure of the valve is
the same as in Scoliopleura Peisonis and the ridges on both sides of the median line recall those of
Scoliopleura. In several forms there is a tendency in the median line to be sigmoid.

1. C. suleata Grev. (1863). — V. convex, with triundulated margins, and apiculate or sub-
rostrate ends. L. 0,043 to 0,06; B. 0,025 to 0033 mm. Axial area very narrow, dilated around
the central nodule to a rhomboidal space. Median live slightly sigmoid; terminal fissures elongated,
distant from the ends. Ridges two or three on each side of the median line. Strive radiate at
the ends, 8 to 11 in 0,01 mm.; puncta forming straight, longitudinal rows, 14 to 18 in 0,01 mm.
— Navic. sulcata Gruv. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII p. 235 Pl. HI f. 10. Leup Forrm. D.
de Ceylan Pl. III f. 30. Nav. triundulata Gruy. Hedwigia VI p. 27 (1867). M. M. J. 1877 Pl.
CXCV f. 10. Cymaton. saute. Pl. I f. 12, 13.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)! Madagascar (V. H. Coll.)! Ceylon!
Labuan! Japan! Port Jackson! Java! China! Japan! New Caledonia (Grev.), Galapagos Islands!
Honduras (Grun.), Campeachy Bay! West Indies! Florida!

Varies occasionally with a slight constriction in the middle and with quadri-undulated margins.

2. C. quadrisuleata Grun. (1867). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with slightly rostrate, obtuse
ends. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,028 to 0,036 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area orbicular. Ridges
two on each side of the median line. Strie slightly radiate, 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm., punctate; puncta
forming longitudinal rows. — Nav. guadris. Grun. Novara p. 101 Pl. 1 A f. Jd.

Marine: 8:t Pauls Island.

Grunow figures two specimens, which seem to belong to different species. The smaller re-
sembles C. sulcata and may be a non-undulated variety of that species. The larger may be iden-
tical with the following, but I cannot identify them, as Grunow’s figure shews two ridges of equal
strength on both sides of the median line.

76 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

3. C. cireumvallata Cr. N. Sp. — V. linear-elliptical with broad, rounded, sometimes slightly
rostrate ends. L. 0,055 to 0,075; B. 0,012 to 0,022 mm. Median line slightly sigmoid, with approxi-
mate central pores and prolonged terminal fissures. Axial area narrow; central rhomboidal.
Ridges one or two on each side of the median line. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., parallel, radiate at the
ends, punctate; puncta coarse, forming longitudinal rows, 14 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 10, 11.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Ceylon! Labuan! Japan (Brun Coll.)!

Diploneis Exp. (1840).

Valve usually short, constricted in the middle, or not, generally with obtuse or rounded
ends. Central nodule more or less quadrate, prolonged into horns, or processes, which enclose the
median line. On both sides of the horns are depressions, or furrows, of more or less breadth.
Structure: transverse finer strie, or coarser coste, which usually continue in a
rudimentary state across the furrows, where they frequently give rise to a longi-
tudinal row of large pearls. The transverse coste are often crossed by one or
more longitudinal costee, giving the valve the appearance of being reticulated; or
alternate with double rows of finer puncta, or alveoli. — The cell-contents (of
D. fusca, D. Smithii, D. didyma, D. subcineta, D. chersonensis and D. constricta)
have two chromatophore-plates along the connecting zone. They are deeply in-
dented and divided, sometimes in such a manner as to be split up into closely
crowded and orbicular small discs.

The name Diploneis was given by Enrenpere 1840, to some panduriform
naviculoid diatoms. This characteristic is of no importance; but on the other
se erg hand, the central nodule, the furrows and the structure are so peculiar, that the

' genus Diploneis may be regarded as a well founded one.

The central nodule is, in the more typical forms, large and quadrate, with the angles pro-
longed into strong siliceous horns, enclosing the median line. In some few forms these horns are
less distinct, as in D. nitescens. The horns correspond evidently to the lyre-shaped expansions or
lateral areas in the section of Navicule Lyrate, but in Diploneis the space between the horns
and the median line is never punctate as in that group. There are a few forms which are inter-
mediate between Diploneis and the Nay. lyratze, viz. Dipl. hyalina Donk. and D. Hudsonis Grun.
Outside the horns are depressed parts of the valve, furrows. These furrows have usually a longi-
tudinal row of large pearls, formed by the continuation of the coste of the valve. Sometimes
there are double rows of pearls or alveoli. These furrows are to be found also in other genera,
as in Scoliopleura, Cymatoneis, etc., and point to a relationship between Diploneis and those genera.
Between the furrows and the exterior part of the valve is in several species a space, the lunwla,
of different structure from the outside part of the valve. Such lunule occur in D. mirabilis, D.
Crabro and others.

The structure of Diploneis is very variable. In some forms, as in D. hyalina, the valve
has fine strie, which in D. Hudsonis are formed by obliquely decussating puncta. In other forms
there are coarse coste, not composed of puncta. The coste frequently anastomose and seem then
to be crossed by one or more, undulating, or straight, longitudinal ribs. When these longitudinal
ribs are numerous, they form with the transverse costee a network of quadrate alveoli. The coste
often alternate with double rows of puncta (alveoli), forming obliquely decussating rows. These
alveoli seem to be formed by numerous small lateral branches from the coste. A similar structure
occurs in Scoliotropis and Gomphoneis. In the larger forms the transverse cost alternate with
large rounded pore-like markings, the ocell¢, which evidently belong to an interior stratum of the
valve. In D. Crabro and allied forms these ocelli form a marginal row, which in the middle ap-

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:0 2. 77

proaches the central nodule. In other forms, as in D. lesinensis, they form several, more or less
irregular, longitudinal rows. The ocelliferous stratum seems to correspond to the interior porous
layer in Trachyneis and perhaps to the foramina of the larger Pinnularia.

Diploneis has, as already remarked, some affinity to the group of Navicule lyrate, inter-
mediate forms being D. hyalina and D. Hudsonis. It has also some relation to Cymatoneis and
through that genus to Scoliopleura. Another genus, which has some relation to Diploneis, is Am-
phora, sensu strictiori. In the last named group we find the large central nodule, the lateral
furrows, and, frequently, the reticulated structure of some Diploneis-forms; but there are no known
intermediate forms between Diploneis and Amphora.

The systematic arrangement of the numerous forms of Diploneis is excedingly difficult.
The species are very variable in size and in the coarsness of the structure. Moreover valves, which
are uninjured often present a very dissimilar appearance to such as have been corroded by prepa-
ration. Several »new species» have been founded on corroded specimens of well-known species.
Many, at first sight very distinct species, are connected by intermediate varieties. Although I
have examined and figured a very large number of forms from all parts of the world, I must
confess that my attempt to their classification still leaves much to desire.

Most species of Diploneis live in salt water. Brackish forms are LD). didyma, D. interrupta,
D. Smithii and frequently D. elliptica. The panduriform species are all marine or brackish, and
D. didyma becomes almost elliptical in slightly brackish water. Fresh water species of Diploneis
are few, but very frequent. The are all elliptical in outline.

Artificial key.

L en strate (strie 17 to 24 in 0,01 mm.)...... ‘ rae ; . Bye. ee
Coarsely — (coste 3 to 17 in 001 mm)... ... : Susie 6.
9. pee of distinct, coarse puncta. .. . . be ee eR D. ovalis Huss.
not distinctly or finely punctate... 2 0... es 3.
3, | Horns of the central nodule strong and distinct. Ss cpa t pitta SS - ALS ae 4.
on — _ — not distinct... . idk : Gag 5.
4. ae strie crossed by oblique striz cae D. Hudsonis Gruy.
— not - — : pee ee wes Dy hyalina Donk.
5. Furrows broad. ..... st Rh iy Sheds Bese .. . D. bioculata Grun.
ee MATYOW : 6 6 ea EE a ee D. oculata Bres.
Transverse coste# not crossed by longitudinal, or aut witeranttny with alveoli. 7.
6. _ crossed by one or several longitudinal, or alternating with single
or double rows of alveoli . lat vs Sa Sa Frcater % 25.
7. = Horns of the central nodule not distinct. . : . D. inscripta Ct.
_— — distinct hoe ee ee : , 8.
8. | Ferrve MATTOW oy aides a Cae alae , a me 00””COC RP GS 9.
broad. ae a dh. ag lakes so ve BE
9, tie constricted ; a er 4b 14.
not or slightly, . . : f ee ei eae ge ae 10:
[= Valve elliptical i pty. leh) SR on we : me «ap Grslewtiees 11.
10. linear-elliptical . . . j eB pitas dios 12.
|= linear a 13.
11. ee 6 to 10 in 0,01 mm.. Bm of _D. subor Moma 18 Gure. (D. sopierormis A. 8.).
— 12t.18 — wap SHAN Snare tadierdts a APA St a ae Se oa D. Puella A. §.
19. ees -water species . . hohe we ete ee ME D. Boldtiana Cu.
Marine . . hee Saw. Gee, Seeds Site oP <x . . « .D. advena A. 8.
13. | Horns araitel ee ee ae F A D. congrua Jax.
— divergent in the middle . oe a . D. compar Jan.
14. Slightly constricted . ©. ..... oa a . . D. subnuda A. 8.

fee _ wht i a. 2 , Bee 15.
ee rostrate . ; ds : rae . .D. laciniosa A. 8.

a NOt we EP a , Ue a saa ies 16.

78

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

37.

39.

Re ee eS ee Se SS

i
a
cS
CS
Le
1 =
te

| — 11 to 12 — yp Shlain a te
[Peete crossed by a single longitudinal rib . .

Cost RL at the margin

ae, almost orbicular

Valve elliptical

Coste 4 to

. 0,07 to 0,1 mm.
Valve constricted

Ribs forming undulating rows

L. 0,04 or less
L. larger... . a
Furrows indistinct. . . .

Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE

elongate-elliptical . .

Valve not constricted , ; ea. dvttes oy Oa ;

panduriform. .. bof oy oy

Valve very convex and thick . = a ES oe

not _ —

linear

Furrows decreasing in breadth from the middle

of equal breadth throughout. ... .

Central nodule small. ...... oe ee A cada Fe

— large.

Furrow crossed by coste. ....... ..

without or with rudimentary coste
Zin Qo1 mm. ...... 7.
7 to 8 _—

— several -- ribs
alternating with double rows of alveoli

Valve not constricted

constricted

L. 0,02 to 003 mm... ...
L. 0,04 to 0,08 mm. .
Furrows broad

narrow

Valve gently constricted .

deeply = ‘

Furrows decreasing in ‘irandth foi the aida
_— of almost equal breadth .
Furrows very broad .

not — ¥

Longitudinal rib in the middle of ‘Tie — .
= — marginal

RID: ALLOW! p<. ah te Ge ie ta le eee

broad ge wR ee OA

L. about 003 mm... 2... ..... ‘ 4-3

a ee er 2 ea

SS MOh Se ak ge A ee
Valve with ocelli a
= “WIthOUE fa. ae ee ae a ts

Valve strongly constricted... 1...
— slightly — Pee ds Bes
Keonients orbicular . 2... 000 0 0 ee
_— elliptical or deltoid. ........
Coste alternating with faint alveoli... . ;
_— — distinett — ......

— straight or curved

distinct

Ribs two to five on each side of the median line

eight to ten

Transverse coste 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. . .

$ to 13 — oe :

NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Sp ee & D. Adonis Brun.
# GOR * yee ARs

D. interrupta Kirz.
D. Guinardiana Brun.

sensi ae Grd" dont zea ne 28.
oe eran Spaata aie 20.
acide, el ay Mica tee oe te as D. Cynthia A. 8.
SPP Sayan ko sat phonon teaser etal 2i.

ek Sow Ge a eas oar ee
D. mediterranea Grun.
. D. contigua A. 8.
D. Letourneurnii Ct.

Pom ae. | ghege gelde a: eR tg bas at eS 24.
» ow ee D. musceformis Gru.
beaten nitty Pa Sa sty D. constricta Grun.
Bs fob, GGA rho > Lb. aE Sak a D. incurvata GREG.
ee a ee 26.

D. lineata Donk.
D. discrepans A. 8.
D. Papula A. S.

. D. Vetula A.

amt 31.
‘ ‘ D. binaria A. 8.

ae ee ; ee ee ae)

a ee 33.
D. subcincta A. 8.
D. exemta A. 8.

de. Here hel es aot D. demta A. 8.

Be SB Bes D. bombiformis Cu.

se D. coarctata A. §.
ose Gian tae ae ase Ae aide Bhs Bow 36.
By aetap ite Gatien ti ete he cis ay A rl deren 50.

fe Be ee wee D. areolata Cu
Soria! ep RAs oh GE Aelia ee, kim rhrarlee iho 5 37.
EAD dia Mop do car SUNG > ET eee, Ghee eB 38,
Ss ghd tel Sh. Beets iM Obes ee eta abe & 45.

Coal ta eg D. Clepsydra Cu.
ek er a Boe Ae on 39.

bo age aty eh. « a fi, Seer ae te = D. Prestes A. 8.
ne Baa Sipe BOR seas gti am aa aR ete SA Ca) es 40.

eg a tea D. splendida Gree.
bcte OG O8 Se. eae aye Be i kaa Aly

Zwiis REE SAE 2 D. Griindleri A. 8.
int tpede elaileg: Dalghlid ae, as 42.

GiB) Sh onb wee aia .D. Weissflogii A. S.
iW ay Ghee i ase en oN 43.
eratescas gana seteblart te ana) 44.

. D. Kiitzingii Gaon.

ae ep Ae Bee D. Bombus Eus.

Po Me Ae Benet A oc . D. chersonensis Grun.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64,

65.

72.

73.

{
We
ie
oe
ee
tes
le
Nae
me
{
{
fee
|
ce
{
=
i:
ie
=
!
|
ie
ve
se
te
ve
te
|
|

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

i acts ribs 2 to 4 in 0,01 mm..........
— 5to more —

Furrows si ead in

Furrows foes in

erent coste 6
— ll
Transverse coste 9
— 138
Median line ending

Furrows abrupt y

the middle... ... .....,

the middle. . aa woe eA

to 9 in 0,01 mm. . Behe $ chtegs

in Oo1 mm ........

far from the margin

near — — :
dilated around the sential Aadale: ove

isis aes about 7 in 0,01 mm.

Farrows broad
narrow .

Freshwater species .

Marine =

Hone neae ribs fe Beh? Le te
— numerous
Central nodule small . a eee
==) (Warge ss .4 os eee BP OS
ny eee ribs wider than the coste .
equidistant with — or closer
Gesiteal nodule small
— large.

Freshwater species .
Marine _

Ribs as close as the alte

closer than

Valve not or slightly conaunieved ou

constricted
Valve elliptical

elongated with parallel, or slightly concave margins
Furrows narrow.......

broad
Without ocelli .

With, o¢elli se ese ce ws
Furrows equally arcuate... ........4,
bent around the central nodule

linear

Central nodule large... .
— rather small

Furrows = a

an elliptical or lanceolate space

BAND 26. n:o 2.

. D. microtatos Pane.

D.

ne wa ee a Be 47.

D. Schmidtii Cu.
D. Entomon Eup.

oe « 48;
Boge eBook 49.

D. bomboides A. S.
. D. divergens A. 8.

. D. didyma Exp.
. D. chinensis Cu.

61.

D. hyperborea Gaun:
. D. vacillans A. 8.

54.
57.

D. finnica Ens.

55.

D. notabilis Grev.

56.

i: Greffii Gron.
D. fusca Gree.
domblittensis Grun.

58.

D. litoralis Donk.

59.

2. panceapns 60.

D. estiva Donx.
. D. elliptica Kira.
.D. Parma Ct.

62.

"Sie sO ee eee ae kS takin len

large, orbicular space ........

Furrows fieabie Boo) 1S, Ae ate BAe a ee bo (Bee ae

single

Horns distinct. . .
indistinct. .

Horns divergent. © 6 6 0 ee ee eh D.

approximate

Furrows broader than '/, of the breadth of the valve

narrower
‘Recttanaer species .
Marine _
L. 0,08 to 0,06 mm.
L. 0,08 to 0,24 mm

D. biseriata Cu. (D. Crabro var.).

: . D. Smithii Bris.
Batts nla eS Sridevi has 66.

D. advena var. recta.

D. subovalis Cu.

. D. borealis Grun.

esi hs inte ga 68.

eh th ee Eee eR Re Oe 69.
D. mirabilis Castr.
. . D. Platessa Cu. a. Grove.

ak ee Ble 70.
ar 72.

Caseinjlotincss Dzsy.

gs pele ee A Bn fie in Som a, He ies Gal eh cae 71.

. . D. Debyi Panr.
. . .D. major Cu.
D. Mate Bron.
D. nitescens Gree.

D. Szontaghii Pant.
D. gemmata GRrev.

79

80 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

74, ee without ocelli . . ze oS ‘ Paes wipe ors 75.
with os ; aX 2 iis ved Spaces toe at 16,
7h. eas narrow... . ; i. o- i(ié Ht D. dalmatica Grun. !

i broad. . ek ‘ : . D. Vespa Cu.

76. jOcelli ina marginal band ww ee D. Crabro Ens.
\ — __ rows alternating with the coste....... Batihity - Gesenteeur ans 77,

77. oo broad fo a ekg a i. Simegis a .. . D. gemmatula Gron.
narrow . . d we oi. th, dae os ae a 78.

Coste 3 to 4 in 0o1 mm. . ; , ; D. vagabunda Brun.

78. — 5to6 — : Mes avhanvarckpes snl D. lesinensis Gron.

— 7 — be Ae ome os a . . D. prisea A. 8.

D. Hudsonis Gruy. (1892). — V. hyaline, elliptical, with more or less rounded ends. L.
0,086 to 0,05; B. 0,012 to 0,02 mm. Central nodule quadrate, its horns slightly divergent in the
middle. Furrows forming a small, rhomboid, not striate, space around the central nodule. Parts
outside the furrows striate. Strie fine, 24 to 25 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate at the ends, finely
punctate; puncta forming obliquely decussating rows. — Navicula (Diploneis?) Hudsonis (GRUN.)
Cu. in Diatomiste I p. 77 Pl. XII f. 8.

Brackish water: Hudson River!

This little form is very remarkable and not closely connected with any other known species.
It seems to be most nearly related to D. hyalina, but there are considerable differences.

1. D.? bioculata Gruen. (1881). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,02 to 0,036; B.
0,013 to 0,015 mm. Central nodule elongated; its horns close to the median line. Central pores
distant, incrassate. Furrows broader than half of the breadth of the valve. Stria 17 to 22 in
0,o1 mm. not distinctly punctate, continued across the furrows to the median line, slightly radiate
throughout. — Nav. bioculata Grun. A. 8. Atl, LXX f. 9, 10, 11, VII f. 49?

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Java! Port Jackson! Galapagos Islands!

Var. vittata Cu. — L. 0,04; B. 0,015 mm. Central nodule very narrow; central pores distant.
Furrow separated from the exterior part of the valve by a linear, broad band. Strive 17 in 0,01
mm., on the furrows punctate. — Pl. I f. 15.

Marine: Ceylon!
The exact place of this species is difficult to decide. The incrassated central pores recall
those of Nav. forcipata, but nevertheless I believe it to be a Diploneis, akin to D. hyalina.

2. D. inseripta Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, subacute, convex. L. 0,065; B. 0,017 mm.
Central nodule small; its borns close to the median line. Central pores approximate, incrassate.
Furrows as broad as half of the valve. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. continued across the furrows, not
distinctly punctate, parallel, very slightly radiate in the ends. — Pl. I f. 17.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! China!

This species seems to connect the genus Cymatoneis, to which it has some resemblance, with
the forms of the group of D. nitescens.

3. D. hyalina Donk. (1861). — V. hyaline, thin, elliptical. L. 0,045 to 0,076; B. 0,014 to
0,o26 mm. Central nodule somewhat elongated; its horns slightly divergent in the middle. Furrows
much broader than half of the breadth of the valve. Strize 22 in 0,01 mm., distinct outside, fainter
in the furrows, fading away towards the horns of the median line. — Nav. hyalina Donk. M. J. I
p 1OPLI£6 B.D. p.5 PLIf1. AS. Atl LXX f. 15.

Marine: Finmark! North Sea!

1 Var. of D. Crabro.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 81

4. D. coffeiformis A. 8. (1874). — V. broadly elliptical. L. 0,023 to 0,07; B. 0,01 to 0,033
mm. Central nodule quadrate to rectangular, with somewhat divergent horns. Furrows narrow,
close to the horns. Stri# 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, less distinct or imperceptible
on the furrows, not alternating with puncta or alveoli. — Nav. coffeiformis A. 8. N.S. D. p. 88
PAS 22 PLAS 13 eel, VEL Ea

Marine: North Sea! Gulf of Naples! Macassar Straits! Calif. Santa Monica, fossil (Deby Coll.).

Var. densestriata A. S. (1881). —- Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. Lunule large. — Nav. coff. v. dens.
A. 8. Atl LXX f. 54.

Marine: Jamaica (Atl.).

Var. subcireularis A. 8. (1881). — V. orbicular. L. 0,04; B. 0,034 mm. Striz 8 in 0,01
mm. — D. coff. subc. A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 53.

Marine: ?

5. D. suborbicularis Grae. (1857). — V. elliptical with broad, rounded,ends. IL. 0,04 to 0,053;
B. 0,024 to 0,o32 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns divergent. Furrows linear, closely
following the horns, with faint continuations of the costz, or with a row of puncta. Coste 6 to 9
in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Smitha var. suborbicularis Gree. D. of Clyde p. 487 Pl. IX f. 17. Nav. sub-
orbicularis Donx. B. D. p. 9 PLIf.9 A.S.N.S. D. PIIf. 21. Atl VIII f. 2, 3, 5, not 4.

Marine: Davis Strait! North Sea! Corsica! Adriatic, Caspian Sea (Grun.), Ceylon! Mada-
gascar! Singapore! Labuan! Galapagos Islands! Cape Horn (Petit), Brazil (Atl.), Gulf of Mexico
(Atl.) North Carolina! Fossil: Hungary (Pant.), Sta Monica, Cal.!

Between D. coffeiformis and D. suborbicularis there is no sharp distinction, the furrows
being broader, the horns of the central nodule more divergent and the costz usually coarser in
D. suborbicularis than in D. coffeiformis.

6. D. compar Jan. (1881). — V. linear, with broad, truncate ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,01 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns divergent at their basis. Furrows narrow, linear. Coste
about 13 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. compar A. S. Atl. LXX f. 69.

Marine: ?

7. D. advena A. S. (1875). — V. linear-elliptical sometimes slightly constricted in the
middle. L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,026 to 0,035 mm. Central nodule small, quadrate, its horns parallel,
approximate. Furrow narrow, linear. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, continuing across the
furrow. — Nav. advena A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 29; XII f. 41.

Marine: Cape Good Hope (Atl.), Madagascar! Java (Deby Coll.)! Japan (Deby Coll.)! Sand-
wich Islands (Atl).

Var. recta Brun. a. Hurr. (1893). — L. 0,1 to 0,12; B. 0,02 to 0,023 mm. Coste 7 in 0,01
mm. alternating with double rows of obscure puncta, about 14 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. recta Brun.
a. Hire. D. d’Auvergne p. 90 Pl. II f. 3.

Marine: Puy du Mur, Auvergne fossil (Br.). Morris Creek Conn. (Brun Coll.)!

Var. sansegana Grun. (1875). — V. linear-elliptical. L. 0,053; B. 0,018 mm. — Nar. sanse-
gana Grun. A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 27.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Var. parca A. S. (1875). — V. narrow, elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,016 mm. Furrows
narrowed at the ends. Coste 10 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. parca A. S. Atl. VIII f. 20 to 22.

Marine: North Sea, Samoa, Campeachy Bank (Atl).

8. D. subnuda A. S. (1875). — V. gently constricted, with elliptical segments. L. 0,076;
B. 0,022; at the comtr. 0,015 mm. Central nodule small, its horns straight, approximate. Furrows
linear, dilated in the middle. Coste 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. subnuda A. 8. Atl. XII f. 44.

Marine: Mazatlan (Atl.).

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. Band 26. N:o 2. 11

82 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. densestriata A. S. (1881). — Smaller. Costee 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. subnuda v. densestr.
A. S. Atl. LXIX f. 45.
Marine: California (Atl.).

°

9. D. laciniosa A. 8. (1875). — V. strongly constricted in the middle, with rostrate ends.
L. 0,033; B. 0,012; at the constr. 0,o076 mm. Central nodule very small; its horns parallel.
Furrows narrow, not dilated in the middle. Coste strongly divergent towards the margins, 12 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. lac. A. S. At). XII f. 54.

Marine: Java (Atl.).

10. D. congrua Jan. (1881). — V. linear, with broad, capitate ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,0136
mm. Central nodule small; its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows very narrow, slightly dilated
in the middle. Coste 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. congr. Jan. A. S. Atl. LXX f. 66.

Marine: ?

This species is unknown to the author. The fig. in Atl. does not show the structure. Pro-
bably akin to D. litoralis.

11. D. Cynthia A. S. (1875). — V. narrow, elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,05 to 0,075;
B. 0,018 to 0,025 mm. Central nodule small; its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows broad,
linear, forming a narrow elliptical space, a third as broad as the valve. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm.,
parallel, radiate at the ends, continued across the furrows. — Nav. Cynthia A. S. Atl. VIII f. 41.

Marine: Red Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Madagascar! Java!
Tahiti! West Indies!

Var. elongata CL. — L. 0,13; B. 0,038 mm. Coste 13 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Java!
Var. sibirica Cu. — L. 0,05; B. 0,017 mm. Costee 11 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!
Var. minuta Cr. — Li. 0,035; B. 0,01 mm. Coste 15 in 0,01 mm. ~~ A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 28.
Marine: Cape Good Hope (Atl.) Galapagos Islands!

12. D. mediterranea Grun.. (1875). — V. linear with rounded or cuneate ends. L. 0,053;
B. 0,021 mm. Central nodule small; its horns parallel. Furrows broad, with a row of puncta.
Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. gemmata v. mediterranea Grun. in A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 42.

Marine: ?

13. D. munda Jan. (1881). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,047; B. 0,015 mm.
Central nodule very small; its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows broadest in the middle,

gradually tapering to the ends. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. marginal, not reaching the furrows. — Nav.
munda A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 70.
Marine: ?

The coste are figured coarsely punctate, but nevertheless the general appearance of this
species agrees most with D. mediterranea.

14. D. contigua A. 8. (1875). — V. linear, with rounded or subcuneate ends. L. 0,066 to
0,14; B. Oo17 to 0,03 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate, with parallel, approximate horns.
Furrows very broad, linear, crossed by rudimentary costz or by a double row of large puncta.
Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. ~- Nav. cont. A. 8. Atl. VIII £43. Nav. Thumii Pant. I p. 29 Pl. X
f. 85 (1886).

Marine: Japan (Deby Coll.)! Fossil: Oamaru N. Zeal.! S:t Peter, Hungary!

Var. Zechentert Pant. (1886). — L. 0,072; B. 0,017 mm. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
Zechentert Pant. I p. 80 Pl. XIV f. 118.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, &3

Var. Eudoxia A. S. (1875). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,07 to 0,085; B. 0,017 to
0,022 mm. Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. Furrows narrower, than on the type. — Nav. mediterranea
A. 8. N. 8. D. Pl. ID f. 10. Nav. Eudoxia A. 8. Atl. VIII ¢. 40, LXX f£ 71.

Marine: Morocco! Balearic Islands! Red Sea! Bab el mandeb! Madagascar! Ceylon! Gala-
pagos Islands! Monterey (Atl.). Fossil: Szakal, Hungary!

Var. Eugenia A. S. (1875). — V. with subcuneate ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,017 mm. Costie 7
to 8 in 0,01 mm. -— Nav. Eugenia A. S. Atl. VIII f. 44.

Marine: Ceylon (Leuduger Fortm.) Macassar Straits! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

There is, so far as I can see, no specific distinction between the above forms, which I regard
as belonging to D. contigua. They are perhaps all only smaller, and corroded, forms of D. yemmata:

15. D. circumnodosa Brun. (1891). — V. very convex and thick, linear, with broad, rounded
ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,023 mm. Central nodule short and broad; its horns divergent at the nodule.
Furrows very broad. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm., continued across the furrows as rows of three large
puncta. — Nav. circumn. Brun. Esp. n. p. 33 Pl. XVI f. 2.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!

16. D. Letourneuri Ci. N. Sp. — V. elongated, very slightly constricted in the middle, with
broad, rounded ends. L. 0,07; B. 0.023; at the constr. 0,02. Central nodule elongated quadrate; its
horns nearly parallel. Furrows very broad. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, continued
across the furrows, smooth. — Pl. I f. 18.

Marine: Columbo, Ceylon (Letourneur Coll.)!

17. D. museeformis Grun. (1875). — V. gently constricted in the middle, with cuneate
ends. L. 0,07 to 0,095; B. 0,03 to O,o4 at the constr. 0,024 to 0,037 mm. Central nodule quadrate,
with approximate, scarcely divergent horns. Furrows !/, to 1/; as broad as the valve. Coste 4
to 7 in 0,01 mm., with faint continuations across the furrows.

Var. placida A. 8S. L. 0,09 mm. Coste 4 to 4,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. placida A. S. Atl.
CLXXIV f. 2.

Marine: Galapagos Islands! San Pedro Calif. fossil (Kinker Coll.)! Oamaru New Zealand,
fossil (Atl.).

Var. genuina CL. — Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. musceform. A. S. Atl. XIIT f. 42, 47.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Java! :

Var. constricta Grun. — Ends rounded. L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,018 to 0,019 at the constr.
0,013 to 0,015 mm. Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. constricta Grun.? A. S. Atl. XII f. 65;
LXIX f. 42.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Sansego (Atl.), Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Madagascar! Sum-
bava (Kinker Coll.)! Japan (Deby Coll.)! Leton Bank (Atl).

Var. pusilla Cu. — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,02; B. 0,010 mm. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

This form is doubtful as a species, having very much the appearance of strongly corroded
valves of other species as D. Beyrichiana and allied forms. Grunow mentions a form from the
Caspian Sea in length 0,038 mm. and with 12 cost in 0,01 mm., which seems not to belong to
D. musceformis.

18. D. constricta Gruy. (1860). — V. gently constricted in the middle, with subcuneate
ends. L. 0,06 to 0,15; B. 0,023 to 0,03, at the constr. 0,02 to 0,o25 mm. Central nodule quadrate,
its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows very broad. Coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., very faint on
the furrows, radiate at the ends. — Nav. constricta Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 535 Pl. III f. 18 (according
to V. H. T 103). Nav. Musca Donx. B. D. p. 50 Pl. VII f. 6 (1873). Nar. Donkinii A. 8. N.S.
D. Pl. I f. 12 (1874); ID f. 8. Atl. XID f 63, 64.

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Balearic Islands! Ceylon! Florida!

84 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Forma minuta. — L. 0,035; B. 0,014; at the constr. 0,013 mm. Coste 13 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Madagascar!
Var. distans Cu. —- Horns of the central nodule divergent.

Marine: Norway! (L. 0,052; B. 0,02; constr. 0,018 mm. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm.) Hungary,
Szakal! (L. 0,04; B. 0,016 constr. 0,015 mm. Coste 10 in 0,01 mm.) Galapagos Islands! (L. 0,032;
B. 0,013; constr. 0,011 mm. Coste 12 in 0,01 mm.).

19. D. ineurvata Gree. (1856). — V. elongated, panduriform. L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,013 to
0,017; constr. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Central nodule small, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows broad,
‘linear, not costate or punctate. Coste 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm., parallel, slightly radiate at the ends.
— Nav. inc. Gree. T. M. 8S. IV p. 44 Pl Vf. 13. Donk. B. D. p. 49 Pl VIT£ 4. A. S.N.
BD PL Dt, 10, Ie UL f. 6,

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Morocco! Florida! Galapagos Islands! Cape of Good Hope!

20. D. interrupta Kitz (1844). — V. deeply constricted, its segments broadly elliptical to
orbicular, with rounded ends. L. 0,029 to 0,072; B. 0,012 to 0,024; at the constr. 0,007 to 0,013 mm.
Central nodule elongated, quadrate, its horns parallel. Furrows linear, narrow. Coste 8 to 12 in
0,01 mm., divergent, usually interrupted or not reaching the margin in the middle of the valve.
— Nav. interr. Kirz Bac. p. 100 Pl. XXIX f. 93. Donk. B. D. p. 47 Pl. VII f. 2. Gruw. Verh.
1860 p. 531 Pl. V f. 20. Laesr. Spitsb. D. p. 28 Pl If. 6. A.S. N.S. D. Pl If. 8 Atl XI
f. 3, 4, 5, 11; LXIX f. 24. V. H. Syn. p. 89 PL IX f. 7, 8. Diploneis didyma Eus. Abh. Berl.
1870 Pl. If f. 13. W. Sm. B. D. XVII f. 154 a’. Nav. Puella A. S. Atl. LXIX f. 25. Nav. interr.
v. Nove Zealandie A. 8. Atl XII f. 12.

Brackish water: Spitzbergen! Beeren Hiland (Lagst.), Kara! Finmark! North Sea! Baltic
(Tornea to Riigen)! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea (Grun.), Java! Samoa! Australia! Auckland (Grun.),
Cape Good Hope (Atl.), Atlantic coast of America! Greenland! Arctic America! Franzenbad! Halle!
Great Salt Lake!

Var. Tallyana Grun. (1882). — Coste interrupted in the middle, outside the furrow. —
Nav. interr. v. Tall. Grun. F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 150 Pl. XXX f. 59.

Brackish water: Tallya, Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. zanzibarica Grun. (1875). — V. deeply constricted. L. 0,05 to 0,07; B. 0,02 to 0,033;
at the constr. 0,009 to 0,017 mm. Segments nearly orbicular. Horns of the central nodule diver-
gent. Coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. (according to A. S. Atl. alternating with rows of puncta). —
Nav. interr. v. zanz. A. 8. Atl. XIT f. 1, 2.

Brackish and marine: Zanzibar (Atl.), Carpentaria, Australia (Atl.).

Var.? Weisnert Pant. (1886). — V. less constricted. Li. 0,021 to 0,032; B. 0,01 to 0,014; at
the constr. 0,012 mm. Segments tongue-shaped. Horns somewhat divergent. Coste 10 to 12,5 in
O,or mm. — Nav. Weisnert Pant. I p. 29 Pl. XVIII f. 158. Nav. interr. var. fossilis Pan. IL
p- 48 Pl. VI f. 112; Pl. XII f. 208, 215 (1889).

Brackish water: Hungary fossil!

Var.? Gorjanovicit Pant. (1886). — V. gently constricted, with elliptical segments. L. 0,022
to 0,036; B. 0,012 to 0,014; at the constr. 0,007 to 0,009 mm. Horns slightly divergent. Coste
8 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm. not interrupted in the middle. — Nav. Gorjanovicii Pant. I p. 25 Pl. IX
f. 81. Nav. Heerti Pant. II p. 47 Pl. XI f. 195; Pl. XII f. 210 (1889). ?Nav. Gorjanov. var. major
Pant. II p. 46 Pl. V f. 78.? Nav. suspecta? var. Czekehazensis Pant. II p. 44 Pl. IV f. 56.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.)!

Var. clancula A. 8. (1875). — V. deeply constricted, with almost orbicular segments. L. 0,036;
B. 0,018, at the constr. 0,009. Coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. not interrupted in the middle. — Nav,
clanec. A. S. Atl. XII f. 33, 34.

Marine: Australia (Atl).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 85

Diploneis interrupta is a very variable species, and appears to graduate into D. incurra.
The specimens in the deposits of Hungary are corroded, so that it is not easy to decide whether
they really belong to D. interrupta or not. So far as I can see from the descriptions and figures,
there is no difference between Nav. Wiesneri and Nuv. interrupta var. fossilis Panr. The same is
also the case with the nearly related forms Nav. Heerii and Nav. Gorjonovictt Pant.

21. D. Guinardiana Brun. (1889). — V. elongated, panduriform, with narrow elliptical seg-
ments. L. 0,08 to 0,095; B. 0,018 to 0,028; at the constr. 0,009 to 0,017 mm. Central nodule
small, quadrate; its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows very narrow, linear. Coste 8 in 0,01
mm. smooth, almost parallel. -- Nav. Guin. Brun. a. Temp. D. de Japon p. 43 Pl. V f. 9.

Marine: Madagascar! Sumbava! Macassar Straits! Japan, fossil (Brun).

22. D. Adonis Brun. (1889). — V. stout and panduriform. L. 0,1 to 0,125; B. 0,035 to
0,045; at the constr. (0,024 to 0,o28 mm. Segments elliptical. Central nodule large, quadrate; its
horns divergent. Furrows narrow linear. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. smooth, curved; strongly incrassate
at the margin of the valve (or in certain focus alternating with a punctum). — Nav. Adonis Bruny
a. Temp. D. f. du Japon p. 41 Pl. V f. 3.

Marine: Mexilones! Iquique! Yedo, fossil (Brun).

Var. gibbosa Brun (1889). — Segments deltoid. — Nav. Adonis v. gibb. Brun 1. ¢. f. 2.

Marine: Mexillones, Peru!

Var. Ganymedes Cu. — L. 0,07 to 0,1; B. 0,025 to 0,03; at the constr. 0,017 to 0,022. Coste
7 to 8 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Peru (Mexillones! Iquique!) Madagascar (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. Oamaruensis Cu. — L. 0,045 to 0,05; B. 0,015 to 0,018; at the constr. 0,01 to 0,012
mm. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Apis Grove a. Sturt. A. 8. Atl. CLXXIV f. 13.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

D. Adonis comprises a series of forms from the small var. Oumaruensis to the large typ-
ical D. Adonis, which are doubtful as species, as they have very much the appearance of being
corroded.

23. D. lineata Donk. (1858). — V. elliptical to linear-elliptical. L. 0,04 to 0,08; B. 0,019
to 0,o32 mm. Central nodule quadrate; its horns convergent at the ends. Furrows rather narrow,
smooth, or with one to two rows of puncta. Coste 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a longitudinal
line, smooth. --- Nav. lineata Donx. T. M. 8. VI p. 32 Pl. Df. 17. B.D. p. 8 PLI££8& AS.
N. 8S. D. PL If. 16, 17. Atl. VII f 44, LXIX f. 31; LXX f. 67. Nav. adriatica Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 525 Pl. III f. 17.

Marine: North Sea (Coasts of Scandinavia and England)! Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Is-
lands, Gulf of Naples)! Adriatic!

Forma pusilla Cu. — L. 0,032; B. 0,014 mm. Coste 11 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

24. D. Vetula A. 8S. (1875). — V. elliptical, very slightly constricted in the middle with
broad rounded ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,024 mm. Central nodule broad, quadrate, its horns parallel.
Furrows broadest in the middle, gradually tapering to the ends. Cost 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed
near the margin by a line. — Nav. Vetula A. 8. Atl. XII f. 49.

Marine: Sansego (Atl.).

25. D. Papula A. S. (1875). — V. elliptical. L. 0,023; B. 0,01 to 0,011 mm. Central
nodule small; its horns somewhat divergent. Furrows linear, narrow. Coste about 13 in 0,01
mm. crossed by one longitudinal line. — Nav. Papula A. 8. Atl. VII f. 45 to 47.

Marine: Samoa (Atl.) Campeachy Bay (Atl).

86 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

26. D. subeineta A. 8. (1874). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with more or less
distinctly cuneate ends. L. 0,06 to 0,092; B. 0,0235 to 0,025; at the constr. 0,02 to 0,o22 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns parallel or convergent at the ends. Furrows moderately
broad, narrowed at the ends, with faint traces of coste. Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a
longitudinal line. — Nav. subcincta A. S. N.S. D. Pl ID f. 7. Atl. XIII f. 41; LXIX f. 32.
Grun. D. Franz Josephs Land p. 56 (4) Pl. I f. 38, 39. Nav. didyma Laas. Boh. D. f. 4 a.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Kara! Finmark! North Sea! Balearic Islands!
Adriatic! Madagascar! Monterey, Cal.! Fossil: Aegina (Atl.), Japan (Brun a. Temp.), Maryland
(Deby Coll.)! St. Monica (Deby Coll.)!

27. D. discrepans A. 8. (1875). — V elliptical. L. 0,03; B. 0,011 mm. Central nodule
broad, quadrate, its horns divergent at their basis, convergent at the ends. Furrows broad. Coste
11 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a longitudinal costa(?). — Nav. diser. A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 8.

Marine: Campeachy Bank (Atl).

Unknown to the author. The description is from the fig. in atlas and I am not sure if
the longitudinal line across the coste really be a costa.

28. D. binaria A. S. (1875). — V. slightly constricted, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,042;
B. 0,022; at the constr. 0,02 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate, its horns parallel, approximate.
Furrows very broad, not dilated in the middle, with double longitudinal rows of puncta. Coste
6 in 0,01 mm. crossed by a longitudinal costa. — Nav. binaria A. S. Atl XII f. 62.

Marine: Java (Atl.).

29. D. demta A. S. (1881). — V. sligthly constricted. L. 0,116; B. 0,037; at the constr.
0,03 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows broad, linear. Coste 6 in
0,01 mm. crossed by a broad longitudinal costa(?). — Nav. demta A. S. Atl. LXIX f. 34.

Marine, fossil: St. Monica, Cal. (Atl.).

Unknown to the author. The fig. in Atl. does not distinctly show if the longitudinal band
is, as here accepted, a costa or a row of ocelli. In the latter case this form may probably be
placed near D. Pandura.

30. D. exemta A. 8. (1875). — V. panduriform, with tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,085
to 0,136; B. 0,032 to 0,042; at the constr. 0,026 to 0,03 mm. Central nodule quadrate, rather
large; its horns parallel. Furrows linear. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a longitudinal line,
on the furrows faint or reduced to puncta. — Nav. exemta A. S. Atl. XI f. 28, 29.

Marine: Tamatave (Brun Coll.)! Tahiti! Kerguelens Land (Rae Coll.)! Campeachy Bay!
Fossil: Oamaru, New Zealand! S:ta Monica (Deby Coll.)!

Var.? crabroniformis Grun. (1875). — L. 0,083; B. 0,025; at the constr. 0,016. Coste 6 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. crabronif. Atl. XI f. 24.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.).

Var. digredicns Cu. — L. 0,048 to 0,065; B. 0,022; at the constr. 0,01 to 0,o14 mm. Horns
somewhat divergent. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China (Thum.)! Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

31. D. coaretata A. S. (1875). — V. deeply constricted in the middle. L. 0,07 to 0,1; B. 0,026
to 0,035; at the constr. 0,0136 to 0,018 mm. Central nodule quadrate, with parallel horns. Furrows
narrow, linear, with a row of large puncta. Coste 3—4 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a longitudinal
line. — Nav. coarct. A. 8. Atl. XI f. 30, 31, 82, LXIX f. 11.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit), Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This is a very suspicious form. The figure recently published by A. Scumrpr in Atl.
(CLXXIV f. 22) has very much the appearance of being a strongly corroded specimen of D. Crabro
var., or of D. Dirhombus, if that form be anything but a small D. Crabro.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 87

32. D. bombiformis Cu. N. Sp. — V. deeply constricted in the middle, with broad seg-
ments. L. 0,022; B. 0,014 mm. Central nodule small, its horns strongly divergent. Furrows nar-
row. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm. crossed by a longitudinal line. -- Pl. I f. 26.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

This form may be a small variety of D. Bombus.

33. D. Clepsydra Cu. N. Sp. — V. strongly constricted, with almost orbicular segments.
L. 0,07; B. 0,032; at the constr. 0,016 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns divergent in
the middle. Furrows narrowed in the middle and at the ends, crossed by faint coste. Coste 7
in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate, alternating with single rows of alveoli. — Pl. I f. 29.

Marine: Madagascar!

34. D. Praestes A. 8. (1875). — V. elongated, slightly constricted, with narrow elliptical
segments. L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,019. to 0,025; at the constriction 0,015 to 0,017 mm. Central nodule
small, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows linear, moderately narrow. Coste almost parallel,
6 to 7 in 0,01 mm., alternating with rows of indistinct puncta. — Nav. Prestes A. 8. Atl. XII
f. 57, 58.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Thum.)! Alexandria (Deby Coll.)! Red Sea (Deby Coll.)! Mazatlan
(Atl). Campeachy Bay (Atl).

D. Prestes is nearly allied to D: Guinardiana, from which it differs by somewhat. coarser
costee and the rows of alveoli alternating with the coste. It seems to be very probable that
D. Guinardiana is only a corroded D. Prestes.

35. D. Entomon (Eup. 1844) A. 8. — V. elongated, slightly constricted in the middle, with
tongue-shaped segments. I. 0,072 to 0,15; B. 0,028 to 0,042; at the constr. 0,026 to 0,35 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate, its horns parallel. Furrows moderately wide, linear, forming a space
of about a third of the width of the valve, often dilated around the central nodule. Coste 6 to 8
in 0,01 mm. parallel, at the ends divergent, anastomosing with a few (1 to 4) longitudinal, irregularly
undulating, more or less distinct, coste. — Dipl. Entomon Eus. Berl. Ber. 1844 accord to Chase.
Nav. Entomon A. 8. N. 8S. D. Pl. 1 f. 18, 14; Atl. XIII f. 48,49. Nav. bomboides var. media Grun.
A. D. p. 41 Pl. TIT f. 54. Nav. bomboides A. 8. Atl. XTIT f. 38.

Marine: Arctic America! Spitsbergen! Kara! Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea!
Adria! Samoa! Sidney! China! Japan! Behrings Island! Mexillones, Peru (Deby Coll.)! Fossil:
Briinn, Tegel! Bory, Hungary!

D. Entomon is not a sharply defined species, graduating as it seems into D. splendida, with
which many of its varieties are closely connected.

36. D. splendida Gree. (1856). — V. elongated, panduriform. L. 0,055 to 0,22; B. 0,02 to
0,05; at the constr. 0,015 to 0,o3 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows
narrow, linear, not dilated around the central nodule. Transverse cost 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm.; crossed
on each side of the median line by 4 to 6, slightly curved or undulating longitudinal coste. —
Nav. splendida Grea. T. M. S. IV p. 44 PL Vfii4. V.H.S.PLIXf4 AOS. N.S. D.
Pl. If. 3, 4, Pl If 2. Atl. XIII f. 31, 32, 34. Nav. Entomon Dons. B. D. p. 49 Pl. VII f. 5.
Nav. didyma var. Grea. T. M. 8. IV p. 45 Pl V f. 16. Nav. gemmatula Cu. Quek. M. Cl. IT (2)
p. 167 Pl. XII f. 1 (1885). Nav. Taschenbergeri A. 8. Atl. CLXXIV f. 9; 1892 (a large and coarse
form). N. margaritifera Pant. III Pl. XXXV f. 494 (1893)?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland! Finmark! North Sea! Ceylon! Madagascar!
Java! Sumatra! Port Jackson! Japan! Sandwich Islands (Atl.). West Indies! Florida! Fossil:
Moravian Tegel! S:a Monica, Calif:!

88 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Puella A. S. (1875). — L. 0,0636 to 0,106; B. 0,0166 to 0,026; at the constrict. 0,0075
to 0,o15 mm. Transverse costie 6 to 9 in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal 2 to 3 on each side of the median
line, less distinct. — Nav. Puella A. S. Atl. XII f. 13; LXTX f. 15. Nav. exemta A. 8. N. 8. D.
p 83. PL If 5 (874). Ath LXLX f. 13.

Marine: North Sea (A. S.); Sorrento (Atl.), Campeachy Bay (Atl.), California (Atl.).

Under the name Nav. Puclla A. Scumipt seems to have confounded different forms. The
figs. 14 and 15 Pl. XII probably do not represent the same form as the fig. 13. The fig. 13, which
I regard as the most typical, is evidently a small variety of D. splendida. A. Scumrpr seems also
to have denoted two different species as Nav. exrmta.

Var. diplosticta A. S. (1875). — With fine puncta above the reticulation of the coste. —
Nav. diplosticta A. S. Atl. XIII f. 25 to 30; LXIX f. 22, CLXXIV f. 10 (no punctation visible).

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl), Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), Java, Samoa (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit).

Var.? Haynaldii Pant. (1889). — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,091 to 0,15; B. 0,028 to 0,04;
at the constr. 0,027 to 0,028 mm. Central nodule quadrate, with parallel horns. Furrows narrow,
linear, with a row of puncta. Transverse costee radiate at the ends, 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed
on each side of the median line by about 8 longitudinal, slightly undulating costee. — Nav. Hay-
naldi Pant. II p. 47 Pl. XXIV f. 361.

Marine: Hungary, Bory, fossil!

The fig. in Pantocsecs work is not very clear. The above description is from specimens
from Bory, which agree in all eventials with D. splendida, being only a little less constricted and
having finer structure than usual.

Var.? prominula A. S. (1875). — V. strongly constricted. L. 0,042; B. 0,019; at the constr.
0,013 mm. Transverse costee 8 in 0,01 mm., crossed by some few longitudinal coste. -— Nav. pro-
minula A. §. Atl. XTIT f. 15.

Marine: Kings Mill Island (Atl.).

This form requires a more accurate examination before its true place in the system can be
determined.

Var.? élesdiana Pant. (1886). — L. 0,07 to 0,1; B. 0,026 to 0,03; at the constr. 0,02 to
0,028 mm. Segments tongue-shaped. Transverse coste 8 in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal numerous, about
8 on each side of the median line. — Nav. élesd. Pant. I p. 42 Pl. XVII f. 152.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.). Baltjik, fossil! Russia, fossil (Deby).

Nav. Margarita A. 8. (Atl. CLXXIV fig. 17) seems to be akin to var. élesdiana. I have
not seen any form exactly resembling this, but I think it very probable, that the figured specimen
would in another focus have very much the same appearance as some of the numerous varieties
of D. splendida.

37. D. bomboides A. S. (1874). — V. panduriform, with subelliptical to tongue-shaped
segments. L. 0,09 to 0,13; B. 0,04 to 0,055; at the constr. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Central nodule
strong, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows linear, somewhat dilated around the central nodule.
Transverse cost 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm, crossed by numerous slightly undulating, longitudinal coste,
about 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. bomboides A. 8. N. 8. D. Pl. If. 2. Atl. XIII f. 36. V. H. Syn.
Suppl. B f. 19. Nav. didyma W. Sm. B. D. XVII f. 154 a*. Nav. Williamsonii V. H. Syn.
PL. LX f. 3.

Marine: North Sea! Alexandria (Deby Coll.)! Zanzibar (Atl.), Madagascar! Ceylon! Philip-
pines! Sydney! China! Japan! Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay!

Var. madagascarensis Ot. — V. short, slightly constricted, with broad, tongue-shaped seg-
ments. L. 0,04 to 0,085; B. 0,022 to 0,043; at the constr. 0,02 to 0,035 mm. Transverse coste 7
to 9 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. Longitudinal coste almost straight, curved outwards in the
middle of the valve. — A. S. Atl. LXIX f. 35 (small form). — Pl. I f. 29.

Marine: Madagascar (Kinker a. Brun Coll.)! Cape Good Hope (Atl.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 89

Forma minor Cru. — L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,015 to 0,023; at the constr. 0,013 to 0,o2 mm.
Central nodule small. Transverse costz 11 in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal 9 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Tahiti! Madagascar!

The f. minor may be the same as Nav. futilis A. 8. Atl. XII f. 17 from Zanzibar, but
the furrows are not drawn as dilated around the nodule.

Var. moesta A. S. 1881. — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,09; B. 0,034; at the constr. 0,029
mm. ‘Transverse coste 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. moesta A. S. Atl. LXIX f. 18, 19.

Marine, fossil: Baltjik (Atl.).

D. bomboides is very nearly akin to D. splendida, from which it differs only in the furrows
which are slightly dilated around the nodule, a characteristic which seems to be variable. To judge
from specimens from Bory Deposit in Hungary Nav. andesitica Pant. (1889, II p. 42 Pl. XXVII
f. 390) seems to be somewhat corroded specimens of D. bomboides with rather closer coste.

38. D. divergens A. 8. (1875). — V. more or less constricted in the middle, with elliptical
to tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,038 to 0,045; B. 0,018 to 0,02; at the constr. 0,012 to 0,013 mm.
Central nodule small, quadrate; its horns divergent at the basis, convergent at the ends. Furrows
linear, broader around the central nodule, forming a lanceolate space. Transverse coste 11 in
0,01 mm., crossed on each side of the median line by about 5 longitudinal, slightly curved cost. —-
Nav. divergens A. S. Atl. XII f. 50, 51.

_ Marine: Mediterranean Sea!
Var. digrediens A. 8. (1881). — V. less constricted. L. 0,04; B. 0,019; at the constr. 0,017

mm. Transverse coste 13 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal coste less distinct. — Nav. digrediens A. 8.
Atl. LXIX, f. 26, 27.
Marine: Tahiti! Baltjik, foss.! °

39. D. Sehmidtii Cru. N. Sp. — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with broad tongue-
shaped segments. L. 0,027 to 0,075; B. 0,011 to 0,038; at the constr. 0,0105 to 0,027 mm. Central
nodule small, quadrate; its horns divergent in the middle. Furrows broader in the middle,
narrower at the ends, with faint traces of the coste. Transverse coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. crossed
on each side of the median line by 3 to 4 more or less undulating longitudinal coste. — A. S.
Atl. XII f. 48; LXIX f. 23 (small, but typical). XIII f 18, 19. — Icon. n. Pl. I f. 20, 21.

Marine: Seychelles! Madagascar! Port Jackson! Tahiti! Galapagos Islands!

This form is nearly akin to D. divergens. The fig. 18, 19 Pl. XIII in A. S. Atl. greatly
resembles larger specimens of D. Schmidtii, but has not divergent horns. Nav. vana A. 8. Atl.
LXIX f. 36 is probably also nearly related.

40. D. chinensis Cu. N. Sp. — V. slightly constricted, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0.055;
B. 0,02; at the constr. 0,013 mm. Central nodule elongated, quadrate; its horns parallel. Furrows
narrow, linear, not dilated in the middle. Coste 13 in 0,01 mm., alternating with single rows of
alveoli, about 16 in 0,01 mm. — PI. I f. 25.

Marine: China (Thum).

41. D. Grundleri A. S. (1873). — V. deeply constricted, very convex. Segments semi-
orbicular to broadly tongue-shaped, often of inequal size. L. 0,04; B. 0,02; at the constr. 0,01 mm.
Central nodule quadrate, large, with divergent horns. Furrows narrow, broader in the middle.
Transverse costae 7 in 0,01 mm., crossed by 2 to 4 longitudinal cost, usually interrupted in the
middle of the valve. — Nav. Grundl. A. 8S. Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. 1873 p. 407 Pl. VI f. 5, 6.
Atl XII f. 35, 36.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Bab-el-Mandeb! Philppines! Atlantic coast of N. America! Para
River (A. 8.).

K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. Nio 2. 12

90 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

42. D. didyma Eus. (1840). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with tongue-shaped
segments. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,017 to 0,036 mm. Central nodule moderately large, its horns not
divergent. Furrows narrow, linear. Transverse coste 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed by numerous,
slightly undulating, longitudinal coste. — Pinnularia didyma Ens. Kreideth. p. 75. Nav. didyma
W. Sm. B. D. XVII f. 154 a. A. S. Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. 1873 p. 405 Pl VI fi. 1. A.S.
N. & D. Pl I ft ¥% Atl XI £f. 1, 2, 3. VY. H, Syn. p: 90 Pl. IX f 5,6. Suppl. B. f 20.
N. Bombus Donk. Pl. VII f. 7 b, 8 b.

Brackish and marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Kara! Finmark! Baltic (from Westerbotten
to Riigen), Caspian Sea (Grun.), Black Sea! Ceylon! Tahiti! Japan! Cape Horn (Petit), West Indies!

D. didyma is a variable species, related to the var. elésdiana of D. splendida and to
certain forms of D. Bombus. The outline of the valve becomes less panduriform and almost ellip-
tical as the water becomes less salt. The varieties in the northern part of the Bay of Bothnia
where the water is almost fresh are almost elliptical and closely connected with D. domblittensis.

43. D. Bombus Eup. (1844). — V. deeply constricted, with suborbicular or elliptical seg-
ments often of inequal size. L. 0,065 to 0,13; B. 0,022 to 0,045; at the constr. 0,012 to 0,025 mm.
Central nodule large; its horns divergent in the middle, approximate at the ends. Furrows narrow,
linear. Transverse coste 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. crossed by 2 to.5 curved, longitudinal coste. Central
alveoli distant from the margin. — Dipl. Bombus Eup. Berl. 1844 p. 84 (accord. to Chase). M.G.
Pl. XIX f 31. Nav. Bombus Grea. D. of Clyde p. 484 Pl. IX f. 12. Donx. B. D. p. 50 Pl. VIL
f. 7a. V. H. Syn. p. 90 Suppl. B f. 22, A. 8. Atl. LXIX f. 28, 29. Nav. gemina A.S8. Zeitschr.
f. ges. Naturw. 1873 p. 405 Pl. VI f. 2. N.S. D. Pl If. 1, If 1. Atl. XIII f. 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Nav. abnormis Castr. Chall. Exp. XXVIII f. 19.

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Marocco! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Black Sea! Caspian
Sea (Grun.)! Madagascar! Java! Japan! Samoa! Galapagos Islands! Cape Horn (Petit), Brazil (Atl.),
Florida! Campeachy Bay! Fossil: Aegina (Ehb., Atl.).

Var. egena A. S. (1875). — L. 0,038 to 0,047; B. 0,015 to 0,02; at the constr. 0,006 to
0,o12 mm. Transverse coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. crossed on each side of the median line by about
3 longitudinal coste. — Nav. gemina v. egena A. 8. Atl. XII f. 10.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Madagascar! Manilla! China! Japan!

Var. densestriata A. 8. (1875). — L. 0,045 to 0,056; B. 0,018 to 0,026; at the constr. 0,011
to O,o15 mm. Coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. gemina v. densestr. A. 8. Atl. XIII f. 11, 12.
Nav. didyma A. 8. Atl. LXIX f. 30.

Marine: Marocco! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! California (Atl.).

Var. bullata Cu. — L. 0,15; B. 0,047 in 0,01 mm. Horns with a row of large puncta. Coste
5 to 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Adriatic! Red Sea (Deby Coll.)! California!

44. D. Kitzingii Gruy. (1860). — V. strongly constricted, with deltoid-elliptical segments.
L. 0,063 to 0,15; B. 0,03 to 0,085; at the constr. 0,014 to 0,035 mm. Horns of the central nodule
parallel. Transverse costz 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm., crossed by numerous (8 to 10) longitudinal, almost
straight or slightly undulating coste. — Nav. Kiitzingu Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 532 Pl. III f. 15.
A. 8. Atl. XIIT f. 22, 23, 24. Panr. I Pl. XXIX f. 299.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples! Black Sea! Red Sea (Deby Coll.)! Cape of
Good Hope! Bermuda (Rae Coll.)! Valparaiso (Atl.), Galapagos Islands! Fossil: Hungary (Pant.),
Aegina (Atl).

Var. bullata Cu. — Horns with a row of large puncta.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Red Sea (Deby Coll.)!

D. Kiitzingii is very nearly akin to D. Bombus var. densestriata, but it is larger and the
horns of the central nodule are parallel.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 91

45. D. chersonensis Gruy. (1875). — V. panduriform, usually slender, with subelliptical
segments. L. 0,055 to 0,15; B. 0,02 to 0,06; at the constr. 0,012 to 0,03 mm. Central nodule with
parallel, approximate horns. Furrows very narrow, linear. Transverse coste 8 to 13 in 0,01 mm.,
crossed by 2 to 5, not undulating, almost straight longitudinal coste. — Nav. cherson. Grun. A. S.
Atl. XII f. 40, LXIX f. 21. Nav Apis. A.S.N. D. PL If 9. Atl. XID f. 18 to 23, 25.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Zanzibar (Atl.), Ceylon! Philippines! China! Tahiti!
Galapagos Islands! West Indies! Florida! Cape Horn (Petit). Fossil: S:ta Monica Calif.

This very widely distributed species is usually regarded as Nav. Apis of Enrenpere. I am
unable to make out what this name, as is the case with so many others of the names given by
EqRENBERG, may denote. Nav. Apis of Donxin (B. D. p. 48 Pl. VII f. 3) and of Scumipr (Atl. XII
f. 16; LXIX f. 41, 43, 44) are unknown to me. Specimens from England in the collection of GRovE
are identical with D. incurvata. D. chersonensis is nearly akin to D. splendida, intermediate forms
being frequent. Such a form is the fig. 24 Pl. XII in A. S. Atl. and Nav splendida var. arata
A. S. (Atl. XIII f. 13, 14, 16, 33, 35). To D. chersonensis belongs most likely Nap Hantkeni
Pant. (II p. 46 Pl. VIII f. 150). On corroded specimens the longitudinal costz are less distinct
and the transverse more or less fragmentary. Such corroded specimens form Bruns Nav. pedalis
(D. esp. nouvelles p. 86 Pl. XVI f. 10; 1891. A.S. Atl. CLXXIV f. 14, 15; 1892), original speci-
mens of which I had an opportunity of examining.

46. D. Weissflogii A. 8S. (1873). — V. strongly constricted, with subelliptical segments.
L. 0,033 to 0,11; B. 0.014 to 0,035; at the constr. 0,009 to 0,025 mm. Central nodule with ap-
proximate horns. Furrows not distinct from the other rows of alveoli. Transverse coste 7 to 8
in 0,01 mm., crossed by numerous equidistant, straight, longitudinal costz, curved outwards in the
middle of the valve. On the middle of the valve the coste are slightly divergent and not, or
only close to the central nodule, crossed by longitudinal coste. — Nav. Weissflogu A. S. Zeitschr.
f. ges. Natur. 1873 p. 406 Pl. VI f. 3, 4. A. S. Atl XIT f. 26 to 32. V. H. Syn. p. 90 Suppl. B.
f. 21. Nav. diversa Gruv. Ed. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 186 f. 14; 1863.?

Marine: Bab el mandeb! Madagascar! Ceylon! Singapore! Philippines! Samoa! Tahiti! Sand-
wich Islands (Atl.), Gulf of Mexico! Florida! North Carolina!

47. PD. areolata Cu. N. Sp. — V. moderately constricted, with subelliptical segments.
L. 0,18; B. 0,045; at the constr. 0,028 mm. Central nodule large, its horns almost parallel. Furrows
linear, with strongly marked transverse coste. Transverse coste 4, in 0,01 mm., crossed by a
few, slightly curved longitudinal costs, 3 in 0,01 mm., which are interrupted in the middle of the
valve. The rectangular areole, formed by the two sets of coste are large and have in their middle
one or two ocelli. — Pl. I f. 28.

Marine: S:ta Monica, Calif., fossil (Deby Coll.)!

48. D. domblittensis Grun. (1882). — V. elliptical. L. 0,027 to 0,045; B. 0,015 to 0,022
mm. Central nodule large, quadrate. Furrows narrow, of equal breadth the whole length. Trans-
verse coste 10 in 0,01 mm. anastomosing and thus producing more or less regular longitudinal
rows of elongated alveoli, about 7 in 0,01 mm. No fine punctation visible. — Nav. expleta v. domb.
Groun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung p. 156 Pl. XXX f. 60. Nav. hilarula Pant. III] Pl. XV f. 230 (1893).
Dipl. domb. Icon. n. Pl. IT f. 2.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden, Lefrasjin in Skane! Malaren! Domblitton, foss.!
Gulf of Bothnia! Common in the Baltic deposits of the Ancylus-epoch!

This form seems to be closely connected with D. didyma, of which it may be a non-con-
stricted freshwater form. Gnrunow consideres it as connected with D. notabilis.

92 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

49. D. elliptica Kurz. (1844). — V. elliptical, with broad and rounded ends. L. 0,02 to
0,037; B. 0,011 to 0,o2 mm. Central nodule of medium size quadrate. Furrows narrow, of the same
breadth throughout. Transverse rows of puncta 10 to 18 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 10 to 14 in 0,01 mm.
forming irregular longitudinal rows. — Nav. elliptica Kitz. Bac. p. 98 Pl. XXX f. 55? V. H.
Syn. Pl. X f. 10 (upper figure). A. S. Atl. VII f. 29, 32. Nav. elliptica var. minor Grun. Foss.
D. Osterr. Ung. p. 145. Nav. ovalis W. Su. B. D. I p. 48 Pl. XVIII f. 153 a’? Naw. elliptica
W. Sm. B. D. II p. 93.

Fresh water: Iceland! Sweden! Finland! Germany! England! New Zealand! North America
(New York)! Ecuador!

Var. grandis Grun. (1882). — L. 0,065 to 0,13; B. 0,033 to 0,045 mm. Transverse and longi-
tudinal rows of alveoli 10 in 0,01 mm. —- Nav. ellipt. var. grandis Gruny., Foss. D. Osterr. Ung.
p. 145. Nav. prectara Panv. III Pl. XI f. 182 (1893).

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

Var. ladogensis Cu. (1891). — L. 0,06; B. 0,025 mm. Transverse cost 9 in 0,01 mm. irregu-
larly anastomosing with a few longitudinal undulating coste. — Cu. D. of Finland p. 43 Pl. IL f. 9.

Fresh water: Ladoga!

Var. Ostracodarum Pant. (1893). — V. elliptical, tapering from the middle to the ends.
L. 0,045; B. 0,027 mm. ‘Transverse rows of alveoli 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. ostrac. Pant. III
Pl. IX f. 145.

Habitat:? Képecz, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

50. D. Puella (Scuum. 1867?) Cu. — V. elliptical. L. 0,013 to 0,025; B. 0,008 to 0,014 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate. Furrows narrow, of the same breadth throughout. Coste 12 to
18 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli indistinct. — Nav. Puella Scuum. Preuss. D. II Nachtr. f. 39? Nav.
elliptica var. minutissima V. H. Syn. p. 92 Pl. X f. 11.

Fresh water: Spitzbergen! Sweden! Finland! Berlin! Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

This species, differing only in its small size and indistinct alveoli, is closely connected by
intermediate forms with D. elliptica. Navicula Puella A. 8. is quite another form (see page 88).

51. D. Boldtiana Cx. (1891). — V. elongate-elliptical. L. 0,03; B. 0,o012 mm. Central
nodule small, quadrate. Furrows of equal breadth throughout. Coste 14 in 0,01 mm. No distinct
alveoli. — Cu. D. of Finl. p. 43 Pl. IT f. 12.

Fresh water: Finland!

52. D. oculata Brus. (1854). — V. elongate-elliptical. L. 0,015 to 0,02; B. 0,006 to 0,007
mm. Central nodule small. Furrows very narrow. Coste 23 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli very small. —
Nav. oculata Bris. in Desm. Crypt. N:o 110. Journ. Quek. M. Cl. 1870 f. 5. V. H. Syn. Pl. IX f. 10.
Fresh water: France.

53. D. ovalis Hiusz (1861). — V. broadly elliptical, not constricted in the middle. L. 0,035
to 0,043; B. 0,02 to 0,o26 mm. Central nodule very large, rounded. Furrows very narrow, closely
following the central nodule and its horns. Transverse rows of alveoli 13 to 19 in 0,01 mm.
radiate at the ends. Puncta 13 to 20 in 0,01 mm. forming irregular longitudinal rows. — Pinnu-
Jaria ovalis Hitsp in Rab. A. EH. 1025. Nav. ovalis A. S. Atl. VII f. 33, 34, 35, 36. W. Sm. B.
D. XVII f. 153 a? Cu. D. of Finland p. 44 Pl. Il f. 13. Nav. elliptica A. 8. Atl. VIL f. 30.
V. H. Syn. Pl. X f. 10 (lower fig.). Nav. Carpathorum Pant. III Pl. XVII f. 246 (1893)?

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland, Gotland, Billingen)! Finland (Russian Lapland)! Norway
(Dovre)! Saxony! Alps of Switzerland! Australia, Daintree River!

Var. pumila Grun. (1882). — L. 0,02 to 0,022; B. 0,008 to 0,085 mm. Rows of alveoli 16
to 18 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. ovalis var. pum. Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 150 Pl. XXX f. 61.
Nav. Parmula Brus. (according to Grunow).

Fresh water: Hungary, foss. (Grun-), Baku (Grun.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 93

Var. oblongella Naautt (1849). — V. linear elliptical. L. 0,02 to 0,038; B. 0,0065 to 0,01 mm.
Rows of alveoli 13 to 19 in 0,51 mm. Puncta 20 to 25 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. oblongella Nac. Kitz

Sp. Alg. p. 890. V. H. Syn. Pl. X f. 12. Nav. ovalis var. fossilis Panr. II p. 51 Pl. VI f. 115 (1889)?
Fresh water: Iceland! Finland! Paris! Koénigsberg, fossil!

54. D. notabilis Grev. (1863). — V. elliptical. L. 0,025 to 0,08; B. 0,02 to 0,035 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate. Furrows linear, arcuate, moderately broad. Transverse coste 7
to 10 in 0.01 mm. alternating with large, elongated alveoli, forming 4 to 5 longitudinal, undulating
rows, more close towards the margins.

Forma genuina — Rows of alveoli one to three along the margin and one along the furrow.
Nav. notab. Grev. T. M. 8. XI p. 1879. A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 46, 47, 48.

Forma expleta A. 8. (1874). — Rows of alveoli filling the whole space between the furrow
and the margins. — N. notabilis var. expleta A. S. N.S. D. If. 20, 11 f.11. Atl. VIII f 49 to 52.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Black Sea! Red Sea! Ceylon! Madagascar! Cape of
Good Hope! Java! Labuan! Sandwich Islands! West Indies! Brazil!

55. D. Graffii Grun. (1875). — V. elongated elliptical. L. 0,065 to 0,12; B. 0,025 to O,o42
mm. Central nodule small, rounded quadrate. Furrows broad, gradually narrowed from the middle
and crossed by faint prolongations of the coste. Coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., alternating with single
rows of quadrate alveoli, 8 to 11 in 0,01 mm. and forming 7 to 8 longitudinal rows on each side
of the furrows. — Nav. Greffii A. 8. Atl. VII f. 5, 6.

Marine: Bab el mandeb! Seychelles! Madagascar! Manilla! Java! Sumbava! Labuan! Japan
(Atl.), Samoa (Atl), Tahiti!

Forma minor. — L. 0,06; B. 0,018 mm. — A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 33.

Marine: Campeachy Bank (Atl.).

This species seems to be intermediata between D. notabilis and D. fusca.

56. D. fusea Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical or subrectangular, not constricted. L. 0,07 to
0,14; B. 0,038 to 0,075 mm. Central nodule moderately large, quadrate. Furrows broad, gradually
tapering from the middle and crossed by faint prolongations of the cost, frequently alternating
with double rows of obliquely disposed puncta. Coste 6 to 10 in 0,01 mm. alternating with rows
of more or less quadrate alveoli, forming more or less regular, longitudinal rows, equidistant with,
to twice as close as, the coste.

Var. Pelagi A. S. (1875). — V. rhombic-elliptical. L. 0,055 to 0,066; B. 0,035 to 0,04 mm.
Central nodule large, rounded quadrate. Furrows broad, semilanceolate, crossed by rows of alveoli.
Costes 7 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 9 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal rows, parallel with the margins.
— Nav. Pelagi A. 8. Atl. VII f. 25, 26.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Tahiti!

Var. nigricans Pant. (1893). — V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,25; B. 0,07. Transverse and
longitudinal rows of alveoli 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. nigricans Pant. III Pl XL f. 552.

Marine: Bory, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. pseudofusca Pant. (1886). — V. nearly orbicular. L. 0,052 to 0,087; B. 0,037 to 0,066
mm. Coste in the middle 9 at the ends 13 in 0,01 mm. Furrows forming a large rhomboid space-
Longitudinal rows of alveoli about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. pseudofusca Panr. I p. 28 Pl. XII f. 109.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. norvegica Cu. — L. 0,085 to 0,01; B. 0,045 to 0,055 mm. Coste and longitudinal rows
of alveoli 10 in 0,01 mm. — WN. fusca A. 8. Atl. VII f. 2, 3.

Marine: North Sea! Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. subrectangularis Cu. — V. more or less rectangular. L. 0,85 to 0,13; B. 0,037 to 0,056
mm. Coste and longitudinal rows of alveoli 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fusca A. 8. Atl VII f 4.
N. Smithii Donx. B. D. p. 6 PL If. 4.

Marine: North Sea! Balearic Islands! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)!

94 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Gregorti Cu. —- V. elliptical to subrectangular. L. 0,17; B. 0,08 mm. Costz and longi-
tudinal rows of alveoli 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Smithii var. fusca Grea. D. of Clyde IX f. 15.

Marine: North Sea! Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)!

Var. delicata A. S. (1874). — Elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,13; B. 0,038 to 0,os8 mm. Coste 7
to 10 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal rows of alveoli 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fusca var. delicata
AS. N.S. DT t. 26. At VIL £1, 7, 8.

Marine: North Sea (A. 8.), Adriatic! Sumatra! Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. tenuipunctata CL. — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,14; B. 0,032 to 0,o7 mm. Coste 6 to
9 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal rows of alveoli 12 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fusca V. H. Syn.
Suppl. B. f. 24.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Sumatra (Deby Coll)! South Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)! Mexillones
guano (Deby Coll.)!

Var. Van Heurckit Cu. — V. elongated, very slightly constricted. L. 0,08; B. 0,025 mm.
Cost 8 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 20 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 19.

Marine: South Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Var. subfusca Pant. (1893). — Narrow elliptical. L. 0,055; B. 0,017 mm. Transverse rows
of alveoli 5, longitudinal 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. subfusca Panv.. III Pl. XL f. 553.

Habitat:? »Isopallaga-Serges» (Pant.).

Var. oamaruensis Cu. — V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,11; B. 0,03 mm. Central nodule elongated
rounded. Furrows very broad, about a fourth of the breadth of the valve. Coste 8 and longitu-
dinal rows of puncta 16 in 0,01 mm. — PI. II f. 3.

Marine: New Zealand, Oamaru, fossil!

Var. japonica Cu. — L. 0,11; B. 0,055 mm. Coste 6 and longitudinal rows of alveoli 13
in 0,01 mm. Furrows separated from the other parts of the valve by a row of foramina and
crossed by transverse single rows of large puncta. -- Pl. I f. 23.

Marine: Sendai, Japan, fossil (Tempére).
Nav. preflua Pant. (IIT Pl. XV f. 232) appears to be a form of D. fusca.

57. D. wstiva Donk. (1858). — V. elliptical. L. 0,037 to 0,065; B. 0,018 to 0,038 mm.
Central nodule large, elongated. Furrows narrow of equal breadth throughout. Costz 8 to 12 in
0,o1 mm. Alveoli of equal or double number in 0,01 mm. — Nav. estiva Donx. T. M. S. VI p. 32
Pl. TI f 18. B.D. p.6 PLIf. 3. A. 8S. Atl. VIL f. 8, 10, 11; VIII f. 26, 31.

Forma a. Coste and alveoli of equal number.

Marine: Singapore (coste and alveoli 9 in 0,01 mm.), Manilla (c. a. alv. 10 in 0,01 mm.),
Colon (c. a. alv. 12 in 0,01 mm.) all in Deby Coll.!

Forma 8. Alveoli twice as close as the coste.

Marine: West coast of Sweden (L. 0,04 mm. Coste 12 in 0,01 mm.), Sumatra (L, 0,06 mm.
Costee 8 in 0,01 mm. Deby Coll.)!

58. D. litoralis Donk. (1870). — V. elliptical. L. 0,027 to 0,07; B. 0,015 to 0,033 mm.
Central nodule small, elongated, rounded rectangular. Furrows very narrow, parallel and close to
the horns. Costz 11 (typical) to 14 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 22 (typical) to more in 0,01 mm., forming
longitudinal rows. — Nav. litoralis Donx. B. D. p. 5 Pl. I f. 2. V. H. Syn. Suppl. B.-f. 25.
A. 8S. Atl. VIII f. 23 to 25. Nav. litor. var. subtilis A. S. N.S. D. Pl. I f: 24, 25. Nav. Ovulum
Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 519 Pl. III f. 19?

Marine: Arctic America! Finmark! North Sea! Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! Adriatic!
Java! Tahiti! Port Jackson! West Indies!

Var. hospes A. 8. (1875). — V. subhexagonal. L. 0,05; B. 0,023 mm. Coste 11, alveoli 13
in 0,01 mm. — Nav. hospes A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 32.

Marine: Samoa (Atl.), Java!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 95

59. D. hyperborea Grun. (1860). — V. elliptical. L. 0,1; B. 0,049 mm. Furrows abruptly
bent around the large central nodule. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. hyperborea Grun. Verh. 1860
p- 531 Pl. ITT f. 16. Nav. propingua A. 8. Atl. VII f. 13?

Marine: Bohuslin, Sweden (Grun.).

Var. excisa A. 8. (1874). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,09; B. 0,03 mm.
Coste 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fusca var. excisa A. S. N. 8. D. ID f. 9.

Marine: North Sea (Atl).

60. D. vacillans A. S. (1875). — V. elongated elliptical,’ constricted, or not constricted.
L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,014 to 0,016 mm. Furrows dilated in the middle, forming in the middle ot
the valve a lanceolate space. Coste 9 to 14, alveoli 15 to 21 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli forming longi-
tudinal rows parallel with the margins of the areas.

Forma a. YV. constricted in the middle. — Nav. vacillans A. 8S. Atl. VIII f. 61; XIT f. 42,
43, 52, 53.

Marine: Ceylon (Leuduger Fortm.) Rodriguez! Cape Good Hope (Atl.), Japan (Atl.), Samoa
(Atl.), Sandwich Island (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit), Campeachy Bank (Atl.), California (Atl).

Forma 8. YV. not constricted in the middle. — A. 8. Atl. VU f. 34, 35, 36. — Nav. parca
var. producta Panr. IT p. 52 Pl. VIII f. 148 (1889).

Marine: North Sea (Atl.), Marocco! Balearic Islands! Macassar Straits! Colon (Deby Coll.)!
Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. delicatula Cu. — not constricted. Striz 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 37.

Marine: Cape Good Hope (Atl.).

Var. renitens A. 8. (1875). — V. strongly constricted. L. 0,05; B. 0,018 mm. Coste 10 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. vacill. v. renitens A. S. Atl. XII f. 55.

Marine: Celebes (Atl.).

Var. corsicana Grun. (1878). — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,065; B. 0,022 mm. Coste 8,
alveoli 18 in 0,01 mm. — Cl. M. D. Neo 153.

Marine: Corsica! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Campeachy Bay!

Var.? minuta Grun. (1880). — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,014 to 0,02; B. 0,0045 mm.
Coste about 16 in 0,01 mm.. — Nav. vacillans f. minuta (N. Pfitzeriana O. W.) V. H. Syn.
p. 90 Pl. Ix £. 9.

Marine: Belgium (V. H.).

61. D. Parma Ct. (1891). — V. broadly elliptical. LL. 0,03; B. 0,o2 mm. Central nodule
moderately large, rounded quadrate. Furrows arcuate, equally bent, approximate to the horns.
Coste 14 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 20 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal rows. -- Cu. D. of Finland
p. 43 Pl. II f. 10. .

Fresh water: Sweden, Lake Rosslingen i Kalmar Lin! Finland, Abo, Viando!

Similar to D. finnica but only half the size and with cost and alveoli twice as close.

62. D. finnica Exp. (1838) Cu. — V. broadly elliptical. L. 0,05 to 0,055; B. 0,034 to 0,036
mm. Central nodule small, elongated. Furrows broad, with arcuate exterior margins enclosing
a large, lanceolate space, about one third of the valve. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 12 in 0,01
mm. forming longitudinal or near the margin obliquely decussating rows. — Coccon. finmica Eup.
Inf. p. 194. M. G. XVI, 2 £19. D. finnica Cu. D. of Finland p. 43 Pl. IT f. 11.

Fresh water: Sweden, Lake Roslingen! Degerndés in Westerbotten, fossil! Finland! U. States
Albany, Maine, fossil! Crane Pond, fossil! Canada, fossil!

63. D. microtatos Pant. (1886). — V. orbicular. L. and B. 0,034 to 0,04 mm. Central
nodule large, not sharply defined. Median line with distant central pores, and ending at a consi-
derable distance from the margin. Furrows broad; their outer margins enclosing an elliptical

96 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

space, half as broad as the valve and crossed by somewhat radiate rows of alveoli. Rows of alveoli
8 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli 8 in 0,01 mm. —- Nav. microtatos Pant. I p. 27 Pl. IX f. 80.

Marine: Szakol, Hungary, foss.! South Naparina, Trinidad, foss. (Deby Coll.)!

Var. Christianii T. C. — L. 0.045; B. 0,04 mm. Median rows of the alveoli at the margin
alternately longer and shorter, 11 in 0,01 mm. — Raphidodiscus Marylandica, Christiani and
Febigerii T. C. Microscope 1889, according to Wolle D. of N. Am. Pl. LXXXIV f. 1 to 4. Icon.
n. Pl. I f. 1.

Marine: Cambridge, Maryland, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

64. D. Smithii Brie. (1856). — V. elliptical. L. 0,027 to 0,05; B. 0,015 to 0,035 mm.
Central nodule small. Terminal nodules close to the ends. Furrows narrow, close to the horns.
Coste 7 to 11 in 0,11 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli disposed in obliquely decussa-
ting lines. twice or more as close as the coste. — Nav. elliptica W. Su. B. D. I p. 48 Pl. XVII
f. 1524. N. Smithii Bris. in W. Su. B. D. II p. 92. WN. Smithii v. borealis f. minor Grun. Franz
Josephs Land D. Pl. 1 f. 41. N. Smitha A. S. Atl. VII f. 16,17. N.S. D. If. 19.? N. Scutellum
V. H. Syn. Pl IX f. 11.2 Nav. Smithii var. levis Dannf. Baltic D. p. 30 Pl. II f. 15.

Marine and brackish: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Spitzbergen! Sea of Kara! Finmark!
Baltic! Gulf of Bothnia! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Madagascar! Seychelles! Tasmania! Java!
New Zealand! Colon! Campeachy Bay!

Nav. Déczyi (Pant. IL p. 45 Pl. XIV f. 247, 1889) from Bremia in Hungary, seems to be
a finely costate variety of D. Smithii. Its length is 0,052 and its breadth 0,017 mm. The coste
are 14 to 16,5 in 0,01 mm. and are described as indistinctly punctate.

65. D. subovalis Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical. L. 0,38; B. 0,019 mm. Central nodule large,
rounded. Furrows narrow, closely following the central nodule and its horns. Coste 10 in 0,01
mm., alternating with double rows of alveoli, forming oblique lines, about 18 in 0,01 mm. —
i ae Os ae

Fresh water: New Zeeland, Paeroa.

This form resembles D. ovalis in its shape and large central nodule, but has the structure
of D. Smithii.

66. D. borealis Grun. (1884). — V. elongate-elliptical. L. 0,65 to 0,078; B. 0,025 to 0,o265
mm. Central nodule elongated. Furrows narrow, dilated around the central nodule and crossed by
costz, interrupted by a longitudinal band. Coste 10 in 0,01 mm., alternating with rows of alveoli,
forming oblique longitudinal lines, about 24 in 0,01 mm. — ‘Naw. Smithit var. borealis GRun.
Franz Josephs Land D. p. 56 (4) Pl. I f. 40. Nav. fusca Donx. B. D. Pl. I f. 5.?

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Matotschin Sharr, Sea of Kara! Gullmarefjord! Java
(var. L. 0,042; B. 0,017 mm. Coste 8 puncta 17 in 0,01 mm.).

Var. subconstricta Cu. — V. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,58; B. 0,02 mm. Coste
10, alveoli 24 in 0,o1 mm. Furrows narrow, the coste not interrupted by a longitudinal band.

Marine: Campeachy Bay!

This form resembles D. vacillans, from which it differs by the alveoli forming oblique rows.
The fig. 14 and 15 Pl. VII in A. S. Atl. seem to belong to D. borealis.

67. D. major Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,17; B. 0,037 to 0,06 mm. Central
nodule large, rounded quadrate. Terminal nodules distant from the ends. Furrows rather broad;
their outer margins enclosing a space 1/, to '/, as broad as the valve, crossed by costee and double
rows of alveoli. Coste 5 to 7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli, 7 to 15 in
0,01 mm., forming oblique lines. — Nav. Smithii A. S. Atl. VII f. 19° (typical)! 22, 21, 18.
YV. HE. Syn. Pl. IX f. 12. Suppl. Pl. B. f. 23.

Marine: North Sea! Marocco! Barcelona! Madagascar! Macassar Straits! Sumatra! China!
Japan! Australia! S:ta Monica, Calif. fossil! Colon!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 97

Var. permagna Pant. (1889). — V, elliptical, very large. L. 0,014 to 0,2; B. 0,075 mm.
Coste 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli, about 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
fusca var. permagna Pant. II p. 46.

Marine: Bory, Hungary, fossil!

D. major is usually considered as a larger form of D. Smithii, with which it is intimately
connected. Still I find it desirable to separate. them, as the structure of D. major is much coarser.

68. D. Platessa Cu. and Grove. N. Sp. — V. broadly elliptical-lanceolate. L. 0,06; B. 0,045
mm. Central nodule rounded-quadrate. Furrows very broad, their outer margins enclosing a lan-
ceolate space 3/, as broad as the valve and crossed by coste. Coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., alternating
with double rows of alveoli (16 in 0,01 mm.) forming obliquely decussating lines. — Pl. II f. 6.
Marine: Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

69. D. mirabilis Casrr. (1886). — V. elliptical-orbicular. L. 0,065 to 0,09; B. 0,055 to
0,oc2 mm. Central nodule moderately large, quadrate. Furrows very broad, double, the outer
margins of the exterior enclosing a broadly lanceolate space, about 3/, as broad as the valve. The
interior furrows are crossed by coste, the exterior of costs, alternating with double rows of alveoli.
Coste 7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli 14 in 0,01 mm. forming obliquely
decussating lines. — Nav. mirabilis Castr. Voyage Challenger D. p. 34 Pl. XXX f. 10.

Marine: Madagascar (Brun Coll.)! Zebu (Castr.).

70. D. Vespa Cu. N. Sp. — V. panduriform, with subrhomboid segments. L. 0,05; B. 0,012
at the constr. 0,o6 mm. Central nodule small, its horns approximate. Furrows broad, of the same
shape as the valve, crossed by coste. Coste 11 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of small
puncta, arranged in obliquely decussating rows. — Pl. IT f. 5.

Marine: Java!

71. D. nitescens Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical-lanceolate. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,022 to 0,036
mm. Central nodule small, its horns not very distinct. Furrows wide. Their outer margins en-
closing a lanceolate space, !/, or more as broad as the valve, crossed by coste, frequently alternating
with double rows of alveoli Cost 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. alternating with single or near the margin
double rows of alveoli, 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Smithi var. nitescens Gree. D. of Clyde
p. 487 Pl. IX f. 16. Nav. nitescens Donz. B. D. p. 8 Pl If. 7. A.S. Atl. VII f. 38 to 41,
VIII f. 14 to 16. Pinnularia arraniensis O'M. M. J. VII p. 116 Pl. V.f.6. Nav. adriatica Grun.
Verh. 1860 p. 525 Pl. III f. 17.

Marine: North Sea! Morocco! Adriatic! Sebastopol! Moravian Tegel (fossil)! Seychelles!
Madagascar! Sumbava! Singapore! Australia! Sandwich Islands! S:ta Monica, fossil! Colon! Cam-
peachy Bay!

Var. fossilis Pant. (1889). — L. 0,099; B. 0,041 mm. Coste 7,5 to 8,5 in 0,01 mm. Alveoli
not distinct. — Nav. nitescens var. fossilis Pant. II p. 51 Pl. IX f. 163.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. fuegiana P. Petit (1888). — L. 0,062; B. 0,0255 mm. Coste 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
nitescens var. fuegiana Petit Cape Horn D. p. 122 Pl. X f. 6.

Marine: Cape Horn.

Var. serratula Grun. (1875). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,09; B. 0,021 mm. Central nodule small,
rounded; its horns indistinct, very approximate to the median line. Furrows broad, forming a
lanceolate space, crossed by faint coste, alternating with double rows of indistinct alveoli. Coste
6 in 0,o1 mm. alternating with (single?) rows of alveoli, 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. serrat. A.S. Atl.
VII f. 42, 43 VIII f. 11.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. N:o 2, 13

98 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

D. nitescens is remarkable for the week development of the central nodule, the horns otf
which are scarcely distinct. In this respect it comes near to D. inscripta Cu. On corroded speci-
mens the alveoli are indistinct.

72. D. dalmatica Grun. (1860). — V. slightly constricted, with cuneate segments. L. 0,058
to 0,062; B. 0,014 to 0,017; at the constr. 0,012 to 0,014 mm. Central nodule small, rounded
elongated; its horns indistinct, close to the median line. Furrows narrow, not dilated in the middle,
crossed by faint coste. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double rows of alveoli. — Nav.
dalm. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 525 Pl. II. f 14. A. S. Atl. VII f. 58, 59. WN. Hornigit Pant. HT
Pl. XVI f. 241 (1893)?

Marine: Morocco! Balearic Islands! Adriatic (Grun.), Bab el Mandeb! Macassar Straits!
Campeachy Bay!

Var. Vulpecula A. 8S. (1875). — V. deeply constricted, with semilanceolate segments. L. 0,062;
B. 0,017; at the constr. 0,012 mm. Central nodule small, its horns indistinct. Furrows linear,
moderately broad, near the horns with traces of the coste. Transverse coste parallel, 8 in 0,01 mm.,
alternating with indistinct (double?) rows of puncta. — Nav. Vulp. A. S. Atl. XII f. 56.

Marine: Celebes (Atl.), Java!

73. D. Mauleri Brun. (1880). — V. elliptical. L. 0,037 to 0,05; B. 0,013 to 0,015 mm.
Central nodule large, rounded; its horns indistinct, close to the median line. Furrows broad, for-
ming a narrow elliptical space, half as wide as the valve, with two rows of large puncta. Coste
7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli, 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Maulert Brun. D.
des Alpes p. 77 Pl. I f. 18. D. espéces n. p. 35 Pl. XV f. 7. :

Lacustrine: Lac Leman! Sahara (Brun), Bottom-mud from Vettern! Of frequent occurrence
in the Baltic deposits of the Ancylus-epoch.

Var. borussica Cu. (1882). — L. 0,025 to 0,037; B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm. Coste 7 to 8 in
0,o1 mm. alternating, with (single?) rows of indistinct alveoli. — Nav. borussica Cu. Phys. Oek.
Gesellsch. zu Kénigsberg XXII p. 189. — A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 17, 19. Nav. Maulert Pant. III
Pl. VIL f. 105; Pl. IX f. 150.

Slightly brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia at Nedre Kalix! Domblitton, Prussia fossil!
Rammer Moor (Atl.).

74. D. Debyi Pant. (1886). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,03 mm. Cen-
tral nodule rounded quadrate; its horns slightly divergent in the middle, approximate. Furrows
very broad, with a row of strong puncta (reduced costz). Coste slightly radiate, 4 in 0,01 mm.,
alternating with rows of alveoli. — Nav. Debyi Pant. I p. 23 Pl. XV f. 136.

Marine: Szakal, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. elliptica Cit. — V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,1; B. 0,035 mm. Furrows broad. Coste 5
in 0,01 mm. continued across the furrows and alternating with double rows of small alveoli. -—
PL dL £4:

Marine: Red Sea (Deby Coll.)!

75. D. gemmata Grey. (1859). — V. broad, linear, with rounded or cuneate ends and pa-
rallel or slightly concave margins. L. 0,085 to 0,24; B. 0,03 to 0,065 mm. Central nodule large,
quadrate; its horns parallel, closely approximate to the median line. Furrows broad, linear, filling
a third or less of the surface of the valve. Coste 3 to 6 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double
rows of twice as close alveoli. Along the horns of the central nodule is a row of short, but
strong coste.

Var. fossilis Pant. (1886). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,16 to 0,24; B. 0,045
to 0,065 mm. Coste 3 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 74. Nav. gemmata var. fossilis Pant. I
p25 PL XK Tt Ist,

Marine, fossil: Hungary (Deby Coll.)! Moravian Tegel! Moron (Atl.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2, 99

Var. typica Ci. — V. not constricted. L. 0,085 to 0,19; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Coste 4 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. gemmata Grev. Ed. N. Ph. J. X July 1859 p. 30 Pl. IV f. 7. Nav. gemmata
var. biseriata Grun. Novara 100 Pl. I A f. 16. Nav. gemmata var. spectabilis Grun. A. S. Atl.
VIII f. 38? Nav. Basilica Brun. D. espéces n. p. 32 Pl. XV f. 14 (1891)? Nav. pseudogemmata
Pant. II Pl. XXIX f. 420 (1893).

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Nossibé! South Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)! Galapagos Islands! Cam-
peachy Bay! West Indies! Fossil: Hungary (Pant.), Moravian Tegel! Nankoori! Californian
Guano (Grev.).

In the coll. of Prof. Brun I have seen a specimen from Sendai, which agrees with his Nav.
Basilica and is only a somewhat elliptical form of D. gemmata.

Var. minor Cu. — L. 0,09 to 0,16; B. 0,027 to 0,035 mm. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. — A.S. Atl.
LXX f. 73.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Madagascar! Colon (Deby Coll.!), Jamaica (Atl.).

Var. punctata Cu. — L. 0,14; B. 0,045 mm. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. Furrows with transverse
rows of large puncta. Coste alternating at their interior ends with one or in the middle with
two large ocelli.

Marine: S:n Pedro, Calif. (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. spectabilis Grun. (1860). — L. 0,062 to 0,17; B. 0,025 mm. Coste 3 to 5 in 0,01 mm.
continued across the furrows. — Nav. spectabilis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 533 Pl. III f. 11. Naw.
Grunowit Rasy. Fl. E. Alg. p. 203 (1864).

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.), Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Fossil: S:t Peter, Hungary.

Var. oamaruensis Cu. — V. slightly constricted. L. 0,16; B. 0,04 mm. Horns of the central
nodule more distinct and distant. Furrows with faint markings of the costee which become strong
along the horns. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. alternating near the furrows with two large ocelli.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zeeland, fossil!

Var. madagascarensis Cu. — V. narrow, very slightly constricted. L. 0,13; B. 0,024 mm.
Horns distinct and somewhat distant. Furrows with two longitudinal rows of puncta along the
horns. Coste 6 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Tamatave (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. pristiophora Jan (1881). — V. distinctly constricted in the middle. L. 0,1 to 0,15;
B. 0,025 to 0,o36 mm. Coste 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. pristiophora A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 72.

Marine: Morocco! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)! Leton Bank (Atl.).

Forma minuta Ci. — L. 0,057; B. 0,015 mm. Coste 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

D. gemmata is very variable, and by the form madagascarensis nearly connected with D.
contigua, which may perhaps be only corroded specimens of D. gemmata.

76. D. Szontaghii, Pant. (1886). — V. elliptic-linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,03 to
0,06; B. 0,016 to 0,o22 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns distinct and distant from
the median line. Furrows narrow, linear, with a row of large puncta (spaces between the rudi-
mentary costa). Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of twice as close alveoli
(on corroded specimens alternating with single rows of larger puncta). — Nav. Szont. Pant. I
p. 29 Pl. TL f. 25. Bl. XXVUOL Sf 284. Jeon. n, Pl. IL £. 7%.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Hungary, fossil!

77. D. Campylodiscus Gruy. (1875). — V. suborbicular. L. 0,038 to 0,05; B. 0,026 to
0,o3 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate, its horns strong, distant, and convergent in the middle.
Furrows broad, with faint coste. Coste 4 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of faint
alveoli. — Nav. suborbicularis var. Nankoorensis Grun. Novara p. 100 Pl. I A. f. 15 (1867). Nav.
Campylod. Grun. A. 8. Atl. VIII f. 9, 10, 12, LXX f. 64, 65. Cocconeis coclata WaLKER ARN.
M. J. Il p. 234 Pl. X £. 5, 6 (1862)?

100 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Marine: Bab el Mandeb! Seychelles! Madagascar! Philippines! Tahiti! Galapagos Islands!
Mazatlan (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit), Campeachy Bay (Atl.). Fossil: Nankoori (Grun.).

78. D. Crabro Ens. (1844). — V. constricted or not. L. 0,04 to 0,2 mm.; B. 0,018 to
0,o6 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate with parallel horns. Furrows narrow linear, with a row
of large puncta. Lunule none or more or less large. Coste 3 to 8 in 0,01 mm. alternating with
double rows of alveoli outside of the lunule. Ocelli forming a marginal band, bent inwards
toward the central nodule.

This species comprises a considerable number of forms, differing in size, number of costae,
breadth of lunule and in the amount, or absence, or constriction of the middle. The forms also
present a very different appearance, according as they are uninjured or corroded. Having com-
pared a very large number of different forms I am unable to make distinct species of them, all
being more or less connected and differing only in characteristics, which are subject to great
variation.

If only a few extreme forms be examined, it is easy to found on them apparently well
defined species, but the greater the number of intermediate forms observed, the greater be-
comes the difficulty of finding any definite distinctions between them. There are all intermediate
transitions from purely elliptical to strongly constricted forms, from forms with no lunule to
others with broad lunule; as to the ocelli I am not yet convinced of their value as specific cha-
racteristic. In most forms they occur as a marginal band, but there are forms without them, either
because they originally had none or because the ocelli have been destroyed in preparation.

I have distinguished the following forms, which diatomists, fond of speciesmaking, may
consider as specifically distinct.

A. Forms with no, or very narrow lunule.

Var. limitanea A. S. (1875). — V. panduriform, with narrow elliptical segments. L. 0,08
to 0,11; B. 0,024 to 0,032, at the constriction 0,017 to 0,025 mm. Central nodule small, quadrate.
Lunule very narrow. Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of alveoli, about
14 in 0,01 mm. Ocelli forming a narrow band along the margin. — Nav. lim. A. 8. Atl. XI
f. 23, LXIX f. 14 (optime) (mot f. 12).

Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Singapore! Java! China!
Kerguelens Land! Fossil: Atlantic City N. Jers. (Deby Coll.)!

The fig. 23 in A. S. Atl. is not sufficiently characteristic, but the fig. 14 Pl. LXIX repre-
sents very well the form, which I understand to be limitanea. It differs from Var. Pandura by
smaller size and closer costee. Otherwise, there is, as far as I can see, no difference.

Var. Pandura Bris. (1854). — V. constricted, with elongated, tongue-shaped segments.
L. 0,106 to 0,212; B. 0,038 to 0,053; at the constriction 0,023 to 0,044 mm. Central nodule of
median size. Lunule none. Coste 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of fine puncta
about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pandura Bris. D. de Cherb. f. 4. A. 8S. N.S. D. PL IL £. 8
(optime!) Atl XI f. 1, 2, 9 (4, 8 corroded). V. H. Syn. Pl. TX f. 1. Truan and Witt D. von
Jeremie Pl. IV f. 14 (corroded). Pinnul. Pandura var. elongata Gruc. D. of Clyde Pl. IX f. 22.
Nav. Crabro Don. B. D. p 46 Pl. VII f. 1. Nav. netida Gree. T. M. 8. IV p. 44 PL V ff. 19*.
Nav. Mantichora Pant. III Pl. XXXV f. 490; 1893 (corroded).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Madagascar! Sumbava! Society
Islands! Galapagos Islands! Magellhaéns Strait! Bolivia! Campeachy Bay! West Indies!

As Nav. navigans Brun a form has been figured in A. 8. Atl. CLXXIV f. 1, which seems
to belong to Var. Pandura. The figure is too indistinct for identification. Perhaps fig. 3, Nav.
sideralis A. 8., may be the some form in a very corroded state.

Var. expleta A. S. (1881). — V. slightly constricted, with broad, tongue-shaped segments,
L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,032 to 0,033; at the constr. 0,027 to 0,o3 mm. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. alter-

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2. 101

nating with double rows of somewhat coarse puncta (8 to 11 in 0,01 mm.). — Nav. expleta A. S.
Atl. LXIX f. 7, 8.

Marine: Zanzibar! Celebes (Atl.), Society Islands!

This form differs from var. Pandura by its shorter, less constricted valves.

Var. Didelta Cu. — V. slightly constricted, with almost triangular segments. L. 0,085;
B. 0,04; at the constriction 0,028 mm. Costz 8 in 0,01 mm. — PI. II f. 8.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. subelliptica Cu. -— V. elongated, not at all, or very slightly, constricted. L. 0,15;
B. 0,052. Coste 3 to 4 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of coarse puncta, about 8 in 0,01
mm. — Pl. I fi 11.

Marine: South America, fossil! Macassar Straits (corroded form with 4 to 5 coste in 0,01
mm. in Grove Coll.)! Galapagos Islands (perfectly elliptical form. L. 0,08; B. 0,04 mm. Cost 5
in 0,01 mm. Ocelli not distinct).

Var.? Pandurella Cu. — V. strongly constricted with subelliptical segments. L. 0,038 to
0,075; B. 0,011 to 0,022; at the constriction 0,007 to 0,013 mm. Coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. alter-
nating with double rows of puncta, about 20 in 0,01 mm. Rows of ocelli indistinct. — Pl. II f. 9.

Marine: Indian Ocean (Deby Coll.)! China! Galapagos Islands!

This form resembles in all respects the var. Pandura, but is much smaller and has closer
costee. As I have not seen any rows of ocelli I am doubtful whether this form is to be regarded
as belonging to this group; nevertheless it is related to the var. Pandura as the var. suspecta to
the var. separabilis and the var. Dirhombus to the var. multicostata.

B. Forms with moderately vide lunule.

Var. separabilis A. S. (1875). — V. gently constricted with elliptical segments. Li. 0,08 to
0,16; B. 0,033 to 0,05; at the constriction 0,026 to 0,032 mm. Coste 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. Lunule
narrow. — Nav. Crabro Gruv. M. J. V. p. 7 Pl. II f. 11. Nav. Grevillet Donk. B. D. p. 47.
Nav. separabiis A. 8. Atl XI f. 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 17. — N. Crabro var. Japonica A. 8. Atl.
CLXXIV f. 4?

Marine: Pelew Island (Atl.), Singapore (Deby Coll.)! Puerto Caballo (Atl.), Campeachy Bay
(Atl), Trinidad (Grev.).

This form is intermediate between var. Pandura and var. multicostata.

Var. hungarica Cu. — V. elliptical, not constricted. L. 0,06; B. 0,o3 mm. Row of ocelli
marginal, not bent toward the central nodule. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. Lunule narrow. — PI. II f. 10.

Marine: Szakal (Hungary, fossil)! Galapagos Islands!

Var. gloriosa Brun (1891). -~ V. slightly constricted, vith tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,11
to 0,2; B. 0,o4 to 0,074: at the constriction 0,025 to 0,o6 mm. Central nodule large. Lunule
narrow. Coste 3 to 3,5 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of large puncta, about 8 in 0,01
mm. Ocelli usually indistinct. — Nav. gloriosa Brun D. esp. n. p. 34 Pl. XV f. 8.

Marine: Mexillones Bolivia! Hakodadi, Japan (Deby Coll.)!

This is the stoutest and most beautiful of all the forms of D. Crabro. The outline varies.
Some specimens are deeply and abruptly constricted, others scarcely constricted. The ocelli are
usually not distinct, but in some specimens easily seen. The breadth of the lunulz is also variable.

Var.? suspecta A. 8. (1875). — V. strongly constricted, with elliptical segments. L. 0,046
to 0,092; B. 0,012 to 0,03; at the constriction 0,006 to 0,016 mm. Coste 5 in 0,01 mm. Ocelli
not distinct. — Nav. suspecta A. S. Atl. XI f. 12, 18, 26, 27. Nav. gloriosa var. inflata Brun D.
esp. n. p. 34 Pl. XV f. 12.

Marine: Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Singapore (Van :Heurck Coll.)! Java! Japan (Atl.), Galapagos
Islands! Mexillones, Bolivia (Brun ©oll.)! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

I have placed this form among the varieties of D. Crabro, only with hesitation, as I never
observed on it the marginal row of ocelli, by which the other forms are characterized.

102 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

To this group of forms belongs probably D. ornata (Nav. ornata A. 8. Atl. LXIX f. 5,
N. ornata spirifera A. S. Atl. CLXXXIV f. 25) from S:ta Monica and Monterey in California. It
is a large and beautiful form, of which only corroded specimens seem to be known. At least I
have hitherto not seen any uninjured specimen.

C. Forms with broad lunule.

Var. multicostata Grun. (1860). — V. strongly constricted, with elliptical to rhomboid seg-
ments. L. 0,09 to 0,21; B. 0,03 to 0,06; at the constriction 0,018 mm. Lunule very broad.
Coste 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. multicostata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 524 Pl. II f. 13. A. 8S. Atl.
XI f. 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, CLXXIV f. 6, 7. Nav. Crabro A. 8. Atl. LXIX f. 1, 2. V. H.
Syn. p. 83 Pl. IX f. 2. A. S.N. 8S. D. PL If. 5, 6 IL f. 4 (corroded). Nav. crabro var. oranensis
Atl. LXIX f. 3 (corroded). Nav. polita Brun D. esp. n. p. 87 Pl XV f. 1 (corroded).

Marine: North Sea (Norway)! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Madagascar! Ceylon! Labuan!
Java! Samoa! Sandwich Islands (Atl.)! Galapagos Islands! Cape Jiorn (Petit)! West Indies! Fossil
Hungary! Moravian Tegel! Oran (Atl.), gina (Atl.), Nankoori! S:ta Monica Cal.

Var. nankoorensis Grun. (1881). — V_ less constricted, with cuneate ends. L. 0,12; B. 0,053;
at the constriction 0,042 mm. Coste 4,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Crabro var. nankoor. A. 8S. Atl.
LXIX f. 4 (corroded).

Marine: Nankoori, fossil (AtL).

Var. O’Meari Gruy. Ms. — V. elliptical, not constricted. L. 0,135; B. 0,o58 mm. Lunule
very broad. Coste parallel, 4 in 0,01 mm. — PI. IT f. 12.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Seychelles (Grun.), South Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Grunow sent me several years ago a sketch of an elliptical Diploneis from Seychelles under
the name of Nav. O’Mearti, which agrees in essential points with the form from Macassar Straits,
having, as it has, very broad lunule, filling almost the whole valve. L. 0,09; B. 0,03 mm.
Coste 6 in 0,01 mm.

Var.? Gibelia A. 8. (1874). — V. slightly constricted, with tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,09;
B. 0,033; at the constriction 0,026 mm. Lunule broad, forming a biconstricted space. Coste 4 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. Gibelii A. S. Probet. f. 18 Pl. XIT f. 73.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl).

Var. minuta Cr. — L. 0,056; B. 0,024; at the constr. 0,016 mm. Coste 6 in 0,01 mm. —
A. 8. Atl XII f. 71.

Marine: Samoa (Atl.).

Var. perpusilla Cu. — L. 0,04; B. 0,018; at the constriction 0,012 mm. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm.
— A. S. Atl XII f. 72.

Marine: North Sea (Atl.).

Var.? confecta A. S. (1875). — V. small. L. 0,04; B. 0,009; at the constriction 0,0075 mm.
Lunule very large. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. confecta A. S. Atl. XII f. 46.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var.? Dirhombus A. 8S. (1875). — V. strongly constricted, with subrhomboid segments.
L. 0,076 to 0,13; B. 0,024 to 0,038; at the constriction 0,012 to 0,015 mm. Lunule large, lunate.
Coste 4 to 6 in 0,o1 mm Ocelli not distinct. — Nav. Dirh. A. 8. Atl. XI f. 21, 22; LXIX f. 9
(10 corroded).

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), Pelew Island (Atl.).

The connection of this form with the others is not certain, as the figures in Atl. do not
shew the marginal row of ocelli. It seems as if this form were to var. multicostata what var.
suspecta is to var. separabilis. Dipl. coarctata may be a corroded Dirhombus, which however
am unable to decide, not having had an opportunity of comparing specimens.

79. D. biseriata Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical or slightly constricted. IL. 0,11 to 0,13; B.
0,047 to 0,06 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate, its horns almost parallel. Furrows linear,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, 103

narrow, with a row of large granules, formed by the continuation of the coste. Coste 3 to 4 in
0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of coarse puncta. Lunulee none or narrow. Ocelli forming
a marginal band, and, besides, a band along the furrows or lunule.

This species, which is intermediate between D. Crabro and D. vagabunda, differs from D.
Crabro in nothing but the double rows of ocelli. The form of the valve is variable, usually
elliptical, but in some specimens panduriform. The lunule are indistinct in some forms, narrow in
others. It would be admissible to group the forms of this species together with the forms of D.
Crabro. The var. Kinkeriana and galapagensis are analogous to the Pandura-series, the var. lata
to the separabilis-series.

Var. Galapagensis Cu. — V. not constricted, elliptical. L. 0,12; B. 0,05 mm. Coste 4 in
0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of coarse puncta. Lunule very narrow. Ocelli forming a
marginal and an interior row. — Pl. II f. 16.

Marine: Galapagos Islands! .

Var. lata Cu. — V. elliptical, not constricted. L. 0,11; B. 0,048 mm. Coste 4 in 0,01 mm.
Lunule moderately broad. — Pl. IT f. 14.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

The fig. 12 Pl. CLXXIV in A. 8. Atl. represents doubtless a small, but strongly corroded
form of D. biseriata.

80. D. vagabunda Brun (1892). — V. panduriform with tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,13
to 0,17; B. 0,06; at the constriction 0,043 mm. Central nodule large, quadrate; its horns nearly
parallel. Furrows narrow, linear, with a row of large granules. Lunule very narrow or not di-
stinct. Coste 3 to 4 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double rows of coarse puncta. Ocelli forming
a marginal band and several oblique or curved rows besides. — Nav. vagabunda Brun A. S. Atl.
CLXXIV f. 5. Dipl. vag. Icon. n. Pl. IT f. 18, 15.

Marine: Tamatave (Kinker Coll.)!| Fossil: S:ta Monica, Sin Pedro (Kinker Coll.) Calif.!

D. vagabunda is a transitional form from D. biseriata to D. gemmatula (var. Beyrichiana).

81. D. prisea A. 8. (1875). — V. slightly constricted, with tongue-shaped or cuneate,
obtuse segments. L. 0.07 to 0,08; B. 0,029 to 0,03 mm., at the constriction 0,02 to 0,027 mm.
Central nodule quadrate; its horns parallel and approximate. Furrows narrow, linear, with a row
of large puncta. Transverse coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double rows of puncta,
about 16 in 0.01 mm. and ocelli, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. prisea A. 8. Atl. Pl. XII
f. 66 to 68 (69?).

Marine: Nottingham (Maryland)! Atlantic City, N. Jers. (Grove Coll.), Richmond, Va!
always fossil.

This species is very nearly akin to D. gemmatula from which it differs by the narrow
furrows. The exterior stratum with small alternating puncta is usually preserved in D. prisca,
but never found on D. gemmatula, which may be a consequence of the state of preservation and
preparation.

82. D. gemmatula Gruv. (1875). — V. slightly constricted, with tongue-shaped to broadly
cuneate segments. L. 0,07 to 0,15; B. 0,033 to 0,062; at the constr. 0,027 to 0,05 mm. Central
nodule large; its horns almost parallel. Furrows usually broad, and somewhat dilated in the
middle, with a row of large puncta. Coste 5 to 7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with rows of more or
less numerous, large ocelli.

Var. hungarica Cu. — V. moderately constricted. L. 0,08; B. 0,025; at the constr. 0,018
mm. Ocelli forming one row along the margin and one along furrows.

Marine: Szakal, Hungary, fossil!

Akin to Nav. expedita A. 8. (Atl. LXIX f. 6) from Moron.

104 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Grunowtt Cu. — V. very slightly constricted, with broad tongue-shaped segments.
L. 0,07 to 0,09; B. 0,033 to 0,039; at the constr. 0,03 to 0,037 mm. Furrows very broad. Coste
5,5 to 7 in 0,01 mm. alternating with ocelli, forming some few more or less undulating, longitu-
dinal rows. — Nav. gemmatula Grun. A. S. Atl. XIII f. 20, 21 (37, 40?). Nav. lacrimans A 8.
Atl. Ril £. 61.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Red Sea! Mauritius! Tamatave! Sumatra! Yokohama! Samoa!
Campeachy Bay (Atl.). Fossil: Moravian Tegel! S:ta Monica, Calif. (Deby Coll.)!

Var. lacrimans A. S. (1875). — V. elongated, slightly constricted in the middle. LL. 0.09 to
0,14; B. 0,031 to 0,045; at the constr. 0,025 to 0,o4 mm. Furrows broad. Coste 5 in 0.01 mm.
Ocelli about 4 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal rows. —- Nav. lacrimans A. 8. Atl. XII f. 59, 60.
Nav. gemmatula Cu. D. of Mor. Tegel Pl. XII f. 1. Nav. laer. var. fossilis Pant. II p. 49 Pl. I
f. 18. Nav. Taschenbergerit A. 8. Atl. CLXXXIV f. 8 (1892).

Marine: Tamatave (Deby Coll.)! Campeachy Bay! Colon! Fossil: Szakal, Hungary! Moravian
Tegel!

Var. Beyrichiana A. 8. (1861). — V. slightly constricted, with cuneate ends. LL. 0,09 to
0,144; B. 0,35 to 0,062; at the constr. 0,027 to 0,053 mm. Furrows of median breadth, distinctly
dilated around the central nodule. Coste 6 in 0,01 mm. alternating with rows of large ocelli
(about 5 in 0,01 mm.). — Nav. Beyrichiana A. 8. Atl. LXIX f. 16, 17.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Madagascar! Java! China! Indian Ocean (Deby Coll.)! Cape Horn
(Petit). Fossil: Hungary! Aégina (Atl.).

Forma minor Pant. (1886). — V. nearly elliptical. L. 0,069; B. 0,034 mm. Coste and
ocelli about 5,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Beyr. var. minor Pant. I p. 23 Pl. III f. 381.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Petit).

Var. Moravica Cu. — V. slightly constricted, with broad, cuneate ends. L. 0,16; B. 0,068;
at the constr. 0,06 mm. Coste 4 in 0,01 mm. Ocelli scattered, 2 to 3 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Moravian Tegel (Deby Coll.)!

83. D. lesinensis Gruy. Ms. — V. elongated, usually very slightly constricted, with broad,
tongue-shaped segments. L. 0,072 to 0,22; B. 0,03 to 0,057; at the constr. 0,o28 to 0,051 mm.
Central nodule small, its horns parallel, approximate. Furrows narrow, linear, scarcely dilated in
the middle, with a row of large puncta or rudiments of the coste. Coste 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.
alternating with rows of large and close ocelli (5 to 7 in 0,01 mm.) and double rows of small,
sometimes little distinct, alveoli (about 12 to 18 in 0,01 mm.). — Pl. IT f. 17, 18.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples! Adriatic! Red Sea! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Philip-
pines (Rae Coll.).

D. lesinenses has the form and appearance of a large D. Entomon.

Additional.

Navicula Budayana Pant. III Pl. IV f. 57 (1893) seems to belong to the varieties of
D. elliptica. :

Navicula elliptica var. fossilis Panr. III Pl. II f. 32 perhaps a small form of D. Smithii,
which I am unable to decide as the minute structure is not visible on the figure.

Navicula pervasta Pant. IM Pl. XXXVI f. 510 a large form, very similar to D. major
var. permagna, but the alveoli are drawn as forming single rows.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 105

Scoliopleura Grun. (1860).

Valve elongated, convex. Median line sigmoid. Central nodule small. Median line enclosed
between two approximate longitudinal lines or ridges. Structure, fine puncta disposed in transverse
and longitudinal rows. Connecting zone simple or without longitudinal divisions.

The genus Scoliopleura was founded 1860 by Grunow (Verh. p. 554) for Navicule with
sigmoid median line, such as Nav. Jenneri and Nav. convexa W. Sm. (B. D.), with the bent of the
lines of both valves in contrary directions. The genus comprises very different forms, so that I
have separated from it forms without longitudinal ridges along the median line. Sc. convexa (or
latestriata) differs from the other species by its structure, for which reason I have formed for it
the genus Scoliotropis. With regard to the affinities, Scoloplewra, as defined above, appears to be
distantly allied to Caloneis, and to Diploneis.

1. S. Schneideri Grun. (1878). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,14; B. 0,04 mm,
Median line slightly sigmoid. Median pores in opposite directions. Terminal nodules small.
Transverse strie 18 (14 according to Grun.) in 0,01 mm. oblique, distinctly punctate, puncta forming
longitudinal, undulating rows, 14 (ls according to Grun.) in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Schn. Grun. Casp.
Sea. Alg. p. 16 PL III f. 1.

Brackish water: Caspian Sea!

), This is'a very remarkable form. The median transverse striz form oblique lines across the
valve, as in some forms of Neidium; at the ends une are almost parallel.

ate

2. 8. Peisonis Grun. (1860). — V. narrow, elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,035 to 0,08;
B. 0,01 to 0,018 mm. Median line strongly sigmoid. Strize 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm., transverse,
distinctly — punctate; puncta forming regular, longitudinal strie, 18 in 0,01 mm. — Gru. Verh.
1860 p. 554 Pl. V f. 25. — Icon. N. Pl. I f. 14.

Brackish water: Neusiedler See, Hungary (Grun.), Salt Lake, Utah!

3. S. elegans Cu. N. Sp. — V. slightly sigmoid, lanceolate, gradually tapering from the
middle to the somewhat obtuse ends. IL. 0,15; B. 0,03 mm. Median line sigmoid at the ends; its
central pores approximate; its terminal fissures in contrary directions. Longitudinal lines closely
approximate to the median line. Central area indistinct. Transverse strie 17, longitudinal 25 in
0,01 mm. — PL If. 9.

Marine: Java!

Navicule Fusiformes Ct.

Valve narrow, linear to lanceolate, usually thin or slightly silicious. Median line with
closely approximate central pores. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie parallel, usually
fine, not crossed by longitudinal lines, finely punctate; puncta usually arranged i in longitudinal,
straight TOWS.

This small group comprises both marine and brackish forms, akin to N. inornata of the
Section Navicule entoleie, which also has approximate central pores. On the other hand this
group is also allied to the Section Navicule orthostiche.

Artificial key.

1 Valve attenuated towards the ends, narrow lanceolate . ©... +--+ 1+ +> 2.
: — linear, with broad ends fie a5) fo Mat te eee GASES date katie, ctl Ge ap “ach se 5.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. No 2. 14

106 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

‘5 ges subcapitate ..... ae ee Pd ee er N. nuda Pant.
== “eente 6 ae w 4 me tant Co MINS, ryan pie Sn a OD aah ane Ss eee 3.

Strie about 12 in 0,01 mm. . ee ee ee ae . N. lucida Pant.

—- — i — es fae ok, Goa She ie N. Schmidtii Laesr.

e —- — 24 — Seas oes ORE My oh eM lie BY ade EAS eet N. Acus Cu.-
— — 80 — Se Ese TRA oe ota dan fe. 6DN a Yn fom f 4.

4 ‘eae strie closer hia the Hanawerse. a ee .. N. fusiformis Grun.

— more distant. ........ den ade, any eee N. Frauenfeldii Garon.

5. oe fostrate ike .. . .M. crassirostris GRrun.
: obtuse or truncate. ........ wie REGO) Coe. Biden othe ha Ge mate Me wie 6.
6. eee fissures in contrary directions... 2.00. wee ee 7.

— indistinct. ........ Bo Ra SR Ee N. Lineola Grun.

7 tach all parallel ........ Saha, Gaee, 9 Sweater ah N. parallelistriata Pant.

Median strie radiate... 2. ee N heteroflera Pant.

1. N. fusiformis Gruy. (1877). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle
to the acute ends. L. 0.115 to 0,15; B. 0,01 mm. Central pores very approximate. Strie trans-
verse, 33 in 0,01 mm., longitudinal 36 in 0,01 mm. — Berkeleya Fusidium Grun. Hedw. 1867 p. 17.
Amphipleura danica Kirz Bac. p. 103 Pl. XXX f. 38 (1844)? WN. fus. Grun. M. J. 1877 p. 178
PL CXCY #. 11,

Marine: Honduras (Grun.).

Var. ostrearia GaILLon (1820). — L. 0,063 to 0,073; B. 0,006 to 0,007 mm. Strie transverse
36 in 0,01 mm. — Vibrio ostrearius GarLLon (accord. to Grun.). — Nav. ostrearia Turp. Dict. d’hist.
nat. IJ Pl. I f. 2 (accord. to Grun.). WN. fusif. v. ostrearia Grun. M. M. J. 1877 p. 178 Pl. CXCV
f, 12. V.H. Syn. Pl, XIV £. 33.

Marine: North Sea (West coast of Sweden)! Loire infér. (Grun.), Marseille (Grun.), Triest (Grun.).

This species lives on oyster-beds and according to Borner the oysters become greenish by
feeding on this diatom. Living frustules have two chromatophore-plates along the connecting zone.
The cell-sap has, especially towards the ends, a peculiar blue colour.

2. N. Frauenfeldii Grun. (1863). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,1 to 0,16; B. 0,019 to 0,025 mm.
Central pores very approximate. Transverse striz 29 in 0,01 mm., longitudinal more distant. —
Amphipleura Frauenfeldii Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 144 PJ. Vf. 3. N. Braueng. Grun. M. M. J. 1877 p. 179.

Marine: Indian Ocean (Grun.).

3. N. nada Pant. (1889). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with subcapitate ends. L. 0,037; B. 0,007
mm. Striz not observed. — Pant. II p. 51 Pl. VI f. 108.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species is unknown to me and the description and figure are not sufficient for diagnosis.

4. N. Acus Ci. N. Sp. — V. narrow, lanceolate, acute. L. 0,09; B. 0,oo9 mm. Central
pores approximate. Terminal fissures elongated. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 24 to
25 in 0,01 mm., equidistant, in the middle slightly radiate, elsewhere transverse, or nearly so —
Pl. IIT f. 29, 30.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

As N. Acus Cu. 1880 (A. D.) is the same as NV. inornata Grun. the name Acus may be used
for this form, which differs from N. ee Grun. (1880) by the absence of longitudinal lines and
by: its indistinct area.

5. N. Schmidtii Lagsr. (1876). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with somewhat obtuse ends:
L. 0,06 to 0,074; B. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Central pores approximate. Striz about 17 in 0,01 mm.,
transverse. — N. (without name) A. 8. N. 8. D. Pl. III f. 7, 8 (1874). WN. Schm. Ldt. Boh. D. p. AB.

Marine:. Bohuslaén (Ldt).

I do not know this species, which seems doubtful. The fig. in A. S. is not sufficient, and
the description of Lagerstept may belong to some form of Nav. (Schizonema) ramosissima. The

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wN:o 2, 107

fig. 7 in A. §. shews two longitudinal lines crossing the striz on each side of the median line,
which suggests some affinity to Caloneis, if this character is not due to an optical illusion.

6. N. lucida Panr. (1893). — V. narrow, lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,2; B. 0,022 mm. Axial
area very narrow, not dilated in the middle. Transverse strie 12 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel
throughout. — Pant. III Pl. XVIII f. 264.

Habitat? »Bodas» fossil (Pant.).

Under the name N. imculta Pantocsek figures (III Pl. XIV f. 216) a similar, but smaller and
more finely striate form, with subrostrate ends.

7. N. parallelistriata Panr. (1889). — V. linear, attenuated towards the broad, obtuse ends.
L. 0,069; B. 0,017 mm. Central pores approximate, terminal in contrary directions. Axial area
linear, narrow. Striz 17,5 in 0,01 mm. parallel. — Pant. II p. 52 Pl. II f. 26.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

8. N. heteroflexa Panr. (1889). — V. linear-lanceolate, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,074
to 0,11; B. 0,011 to 0,013 mm. Median pores approximate; terminal in contrary directions. Axial
area very narrow, linear. Striz 22 (28 accord. to Pant.) in 0,01 mm. (the median shorter than
the others) radiate in the middle, parallel towards the ends. — Panr. II p. 47 Pl. II f. 34.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

Var. constricta Pant. (1889). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with cuneate ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm. Strie 25 to 30 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. Pl. II f. 27, 33.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. minor Pant. (1889). — V. linear-lanceolate. LL. 0,048; B. 0,o095 mm. Striz 22 to 25
in 0,01 mm. — Pant. IT Pl. IX f. 162.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species is one of the most remarkable Navicule. Although in some respects divergent
from the rest of this group, especially by its radiate median striz, I have placed it here, as it
seems to be more akin to N. parallelistriata than to any other speeies.

9. N. erassirostris Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with prolonged, rostrate and obtuse ends.
L. 0,048; B. 0,0073 mm. Median line with approximate central pores. Areas indistinct. Strie
transverse, 27 in 0,o1 mm. — Grun. A. D. p. 45 Pl. III f. 57.

Brackish water: Kara (Grun.).

Var. Maaséensis Grun. (1880). —- More elongated and with narrower ends. Striz about 25
in 0,01 mm. — Gron. A. D. p. 46.

Marine: Finmark (Grun.).

10. N. Lineola Grun. — (1884). — V. linear with rounded ends. L. 0,016 to 0,051;
B. 0,0025 to 0,003 mm. Central pores approximate. Strie extremely fine(?) — Grun. Franz Jos.
Land D. p. 104 (52) Pl. I f. 45, 46.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

Var. perlepida Grun. (1884). — V. with somewhat constricted ends. L. 0,02 to 0,034;
B. 0,002 to 0,0033 mm. — N. perlepida Grun. Franz Jos. Land, D. p. 104 (52) Pl. If. 44.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

Navicule Orthostichee Cr.

Valve usually elongated, lanceolate to linear. Median line with small or elongated central
nodule, sometimes transversely dilated into a stauros, and with small or indistinct terminal fissures.

>

108 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS, |

Central pores of the median line approximate. Structure: smal] puncta arranged in parallel, trans-
verse and longitudinal rows, crossing each other at a right angle. Axial and central areas small
or indistinct. Connecting zone not complex.

This group is closely related to the Section Fusiformes, by the approximate central pores
and the structure of the valve, but the longitudinal strie of the valve are less distinct in Fusi-
formes. Some forms of Orthostiche seem to be connected with Gyrosigma: The smaller forms of
this section, Nav. greyaria to N. microrhynchus, have no distinct longitudinal strie, but have been
placed here, as they seem to be connected with Nav. halophila. On the other hand they appear to
come near to Nav. cryptocephala of the section Lineolate. Some species have’ transversely dilated
central nodules, and have been considered as belonging to the genus Stauroneis, but there is very
little resemblance between there forms and the true Stawroneis (division of Microstigmatica), in the
structure of the valve, which is the same as in other orthostiche.

Artificial key.

4: oe nodule dilated into a stauros . . ba th sBiet- <“S, Ga es 11.
not _— _ thie «faa doel 2 Roaee is Ge ta aaa gn athens 2.
9. {Hoan strie indistinct ....'.. Q . 3.
soo distiict yt: a a ee a ae a a 6.
3, { Strie uninterrupted in the middle waispsy ths ge NG by edeed gh Sane a 4.
\ — interrupted . des 3-4 oer Bo fre sae Sloot ete 5.

r fe s acute . nee ya) “ee Bales . ON, microrhynchus Grun.

rostrate to capitate, Do te Bee ee ee ee eS . .N. gregaria Donk.

5. ves crossed by a longitudinal depression ....... . . . N. Wankareme Cu.

not — _— SA: oA edict Marte B= oo ol N. Kryokonites Cu.

6. ag strie convergent ..... pla Sou ORS . . + N. holophila Gron.
— not — ‘ ; 6 ey a Re bss ai ie 3 7.

7. iu Valve broadly linear, with broad end eee fet des N. portomontana Cu.
linear or lanceolate, narrowed towards the end. : iia : 8.

Transverse strie more distant than the longitudinal . : . N. cuspidata Kivrz.

8. = — closer — — _— ine aap NE Remora: GRun.
— equidistant with — he A ee ae SA ae Had 9,

9. {Bode acute. ag 3 6 bow Me @ eka aw 4 ae heat be sara Beata} W. titted Cu.
rounded ..... ee : iS whites Se unee Belay) dea 10.

10. ea 15 in 0,01 mm. . , ice pele Sale hae Bl N. Kjellmanii Ct.

closer — : das ere .. . N. O'Mearii Gron.

[Sees short ... ‘ : .. . NM. balearica Cu.

11. reaching half-way =" the margin Bea re N. quarnerensis Grun.

i= pervious — _— — mo isla elap ts . 12.

19. po rhombic-lanceolate. . ee Reoagtte daa . 4 «NM. Stodderi Green.
linear or linear-lanceolate . . . RE AG Sie a ae Aad

13. aa striae more distant than the Hianayatee : : ‘ .N. suleata Cu.
— closer — — — 2G 0, Fgh ae ong 14.

14. yee strie 12 in 0,01 mm... . Bt ests ; . I. erucigera W. Su.

— about 26 in 001 mm ...... » eo... 2 N. Spicula Hicks.

1. N. gregaria Donx. (1861). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,015 to
0,035; B. 0,005 to 0,009 mm. Transverse strive 16 to 22 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal striz indis-
tinct. -- Donk. M. J. Ip. 10 PL If. 10. B.D. p. 43 Pl. VI f. 13. V. H. Syn. p. 85 Pl. VILL
f. 12—15. Nav. eryptocephala W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XVII f. 155. Pedicino Ischia II f. 9—11. Nav.
lanceolata W. Sm. B. D. p. 46 Pl. XXXI f. 272? Nav. veneta Scuum. P. D. IL N. Pl. IL f. 30.
Nav. Granum Avene Scuum. P. D. N. II p. 56 Pl. IL f. 36 (1867)?

Brackish water: Sweden (Bohuslin)! England! Saxony (Salines Diirrenberg)! Pee (V. H)
France! South Africa! Argentina!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 109

Var. thurholmensis Dannr. (1882). — V. lanceolate, with more distinctly capitate ends.
L. 0,02; B. 0,005 mm. Striz 26 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. thurholmensis Danny. Balt. D. p. 27 Pl. I
f. 11. N. levis Pant. II p. 50 Pl. XXV f. 366?

Brackish water: Bay of Finland (Dannf.).

NV. gregaria connects N. cryptocephala of the section Lineolatw with N. halophila, so that it
might perhaps have been placed as well there as here. Its parallel striee seem however to in-
dicate a closer relation to N. halophila.

2. N. Wankareme Cx. (1883). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with obtuse, prolonged ends. L.
0,035; B. 0,007 mm. Median line with approximate median pores. Axial area indistinct. Central
area a broad, transverse fascia. Strie parallel, about 30 in 0,01 mm., obsolete between the margin
and the median line. Longitudinal strie not seen. — N. Kryokonites? var. Wankareme Ct.
Vega p. 473 Pl. XXXVII, f. 47.

Marine: Cape Wankarema, North Siberian Sea!

The accurate place in the system, which this form occupies, is difficult to decide. I have
placed it here, at it seems to be nearest akin to N. gregaria.

3. N. Kryokonites Cu. (1883). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,084; B. 0,011 mm. Central
area a transverse, broad fascia. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. Vega p. 473 Pl. XXXVII f. 44.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. subprotracta Cu. (1883). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with se as ends. L. 0,033;
B. 0,007 mm. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. — Cr. Vega 1. c. f. 46.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. semiperfecta Cu. (1883). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,028; B. 0,008 mm. Central
area a unilateral fascia. — Ci. Vega l. c. f. 45.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

4. N. microrhynchus Gruy. (1882). — V. narrow lanceolate, with acute, prolonged ends-
L. 0,024; B. 0,004 mm. Median pores approximate. Striee 16 (middle) to 17 (ends) finely punctate.
— Grun. Foss. D. Ost. Ung. p. 149 Pl. XXX f. 46. P

Slightly brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

N. microrhynchus is according to Grunow related to N. Bulnheimii, which I have placed
among the Microstigmatice because of its wider central strie and its, (somewhat indistinct) complex,
connecting zone. N. microrhynchus Panv. (II p. 51 Pl. III f. 38; Pl. VIII f. 145, 1889) is, if the
figures in Pantocsek’s work be accurate, not the species of Grunow, which has no axial area.

5. N. halophila Gruy. (1881). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0.05; B. 0,01 to 0,012
mm. Strie 19 to 20 (16 according to V. H. Syn.) in 0,01 mm. convergent at the ends, elsewhere
parallel. Longitudinal striz fine. — N. cuspidata var. haloph. Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 100 Suppl.
Pl. B. f. 30. WN. protracta forma minor Pant. III Pl. XX f. 301 (1893)?

Brackish water: Sweden, Sturké in Blekinge! England, Hull! Belgium (V. H.) Saxony
(Mansfelderseen)! France, Medoc!

6. N. cuspidata Kitz. (1834). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with acute ends. LL. 0,07 to 0,15;
B. 0,017 to 0,03 mm. Transverse strie 14 to 19, longitudinal 26 in 0,01 mm. — Baeillaria fulva
Nitszcu. p. p. 1817 (according to Kiitz.). NV. fulva Donk. B. D. Pl. VI f. 92? Frustulia cuspidata
Kotrz. Syn. Pl. Il f. 26. Nav. cuspidata Ktrz. Bac. p. 94 Pl. IIT f 24, 87. W. Sm. B. D. Ip. 47
Pl. XVI f. 131. Donk. B. D. p. 39 Pl. VI f. 6. Gruy. Banka D. Pl. I f. 16. Fresenius Senckenb.
Abh. IV Pl. IV f. 18. Strése Klicken f. 22. V. H. Syn. p. 100 Pl. XIT f. 4. Nav. Reinickeana
Rasy. Alg. Sachs. N:o 802 (1859). Vanheurckia cuspidata Bris. Ann. Soc. phyto. et microgr. de
Belgique Vol. I p. 205 (1868).

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Germany! France! Switzerland! Bengal! Japan! New Zea-
land! Australia (Murray River)! Guatemala, fossil! Ecuador! Dakota! Illinois!

110 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. danaica Grun. Ms. — Smaller, with somewhat obtuse ends. L. 0,07 to 0 4085 B. 0,017
to 0,o2 mm. Transverse strie 16 to 17, longitudinal 21 to 27 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Greenland! Danas pond, Massachusetts (Grun.).

Var. ambigua Eus. (1843). — Lanceolate, rostrate. Strie finer. - Nav. amb. Eus. Am. II: e,
f. 9? Ktrz. Bac. p. 95 Pl. XXVIII f. 66. W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVI f. 149. Donk. B. D. p. 39
Pl. VI f. 5. Pedicino Ischia D. Pl. II f. 4, 6. V. H. Syn. p. 100 Pl. XII f. 5. N. spherophora
Donk. B. D. Pl. V f. 10? WN. birostrata Gree. M. J. III p. 40 Pl. 1V f. 15 (1855). WN. quarnerensis
Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 530 Pl. III f. 8? Vanheurckia amb. Bris. Ann, Soc. phyto. et micro. de
Belgique I p. 206 (1868). o

Fresh water: Sweden! Belgium (V. H.), Italy (Pedic.), Japan! New Zealand! Argentina!

Var. Héribaudi Perac. (1893). — Median strie somewhat radiate and more distant than in
the type. — Hérib. D. d’Auvergne p. 108 Pl. IV f. 16.

Fresh water: Auvergne, fossil.

As Bacillaria fulva Nrrzscu is an older name than N. cuspidata, it ‘spol have ‘been more
correct to name this species NV. fulva, but on the other hand it is so extremely difficult to make
out what the names of the older authors denote, and the name N. cuspidata has been so commonly
adopted, that to do so would make the synonymy still more intricate. I prefer therefore the
generally accepted name. NV. cuspidata is variable as to the outline, and it can hardly by doubted
that N. cuspidata and N. ambigna should be united into one species. It frequently occurs in the
forms of N. cuspidata that the interior of the valve is provided with strong transverse cost.
Such monstrosities have been named Surirella craticula Kur., Craticula Ehrenbergiit Grun., Sticto-
desmis craticula L. Sm. Stictodesmis Febigertti (Deby Coll. = craticular state of the var. danaica).
Their ‘true nature has been shewn by Prirzzr (Bau u. Entw. p. 104). See also Héribaud D. de
d’Auvergne p. 107 Pl. IV f. 15.

7. N. Perrotettii Grun. (1867). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with slightly rostrate ends. L.
0,12 to 0,185; B. 0,03 to 0,o4 mm. Transverse striw 13 to 14, longitudinal striz 11 to 12 in 0,01
mm. -—- Craticula Perrotettii Grun. Nov. p. 20 Pl. I f. 21. Nav. Perrotettii Gruy. M. J. 1877
p- 172. — Icon.‘n. Pl. III f. 12. Nav. Pangeroni Luup. Forrm. D. de la Malaisie p. 52 Pl. II f. 9.

Slightly brackish water: Italy (Grun.), Philippines (Dr. Rae Coll.)! Java (Leud. Fortm.),
New Guinea (Tempére)! Senegal (Grun.)! Rio Purus, Brazil (Deby Coll.)! Lake Pistaku, Illinois
(Grove Coll.)!

8. N. Stodderi Greznz. (1861). — V. lanceolate with acute ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,014 mm.
Central nodule dilated to a stauros, reaching the margin; terminal nodules small; terminal fissures
nearly straight. Transverse strie 18 to 19 (22 according to Lewis) in 0,01 mm. longitudinal about
13 in 0,01 mm. — Stawroneits Stodderi GreENL. in Lewis Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861 Pl. II f. 6.

Fresh water: French pond, Maine! Waltham, Mass.!

‘ Var. insignis Grun. Ms. — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,09; B. 0,021 mm. Transverse striz
16 in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — Stauron. lineolata Eun. Am. It: 1 f. 19?
N. Stodd. v. ins. Pl. III f. 18.

Slightly brackish water: Bengal!

9. N. suleata Cu. (1881). — V. linear, with subacute ends. L. 0,088 to 0,109; B. 0,008 to
0,oo9 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated to a stauros reaching the margin. Transverse strie
21, longitudinal 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — Stawron. suleata Cu. N. R. D. p. 14 Pl. III f. 46.
Marine: Balearic Islands!

10. N. Spicula Hickre (1873). — V. narrow lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,05 to 0,13;
B. 0,004 to 0,013 mm. Central nodule dilated into a stauros, reaching the margin. Transverse
strie 25 to 29, longitudinal finer. Frustules free. — Stauroneis Spicula Hicxre Month. M. Journ.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2. nye |

XII p. 290 (according to V. H. Syn.). V. H. Syn. p. 68 Pl. IV f. 9. Stawr. hyalina Dannr. Balt.
D. p. 32 Pl. III f. 20 (1882)?

Marine and brackish water: Arctic America! Cape Wankarema! Sea of Kara! England
(¥. AD).

11. N. erucigera W. Sm. (1856). — V. narrow lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,08 to
0,113. B. 0,01 mm, Central nodule dilated to stauros, reaching the margin. Transverse strize 12,
longitudinal 25 to 28 in 0,01 mm. Frustule free or enclosed in gelatinous tubes. — Schizonema
eruc. W. Su. B. D. II p. 74 Pl. LVI f. 354; LVII f. 356. V. H. Syn. p. 110 Pl. XVI f. 1.

Marine: and brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia! Firth of Tay! Bohuslén! Mouth of Loire
(Grun.), Saxony (salines of Dirrenberg)!

N. crucigera, which occurs in gelatinous tubes and for that reason has been regarded as a
Schizonema, is closely connected with N. Spicula, which (always?) occurs free. The striation is
much coarser in N. crucigera than in N. Spicula.

12. N. balearica Cu. (1881). — V. narrow lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,11; B. 0,013
mm. Central nodule dilated to a short stauros. Transverse striz 26, longitudinal 23 in 0,01 mm.
— Stauroneis balear. Cu. N. R. D. p. 14 Pl. DIT f. 41.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

13. N. quarnerensis Grun. Ms. — V. membranaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually tapos
from the middle to the subacute ends. L. 0,14; B. 0,o2 mm. Central nodule small, transversely:
dilated to a very narrow stauros, reaching half way to the margins. Transverse strie 24, longi-
tudinal 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — PI. III f. 14.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.), Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)!

Grunow has sent me a sketch of this diatom with the name Stauroneis quarnerensis. As
it evidently belongs to this group I have changed the name to Navicula quarn. It is true that
this name has been used by GrRunow for an other form, but as that is probably identical with
N. cuspidata var. ambigua, I think it admissible to use the name N. quarnerensis for this species.

14. N. vitrea Cr. (1880). — V. narrow lanceolate acute. L. 0,15 to 0,2. B. 0,22 mm.
Transverse strie 19 to 20, longitudinal 21 in 0,01 mm. — Pleurosigma vitrea Cu. A. D. p. 15
PL IV f. 78. Grown. A. D. p. 60. Psracatio Pleur. VIII f. 9.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema! Adriatic (Grun.).

15. N. O’Mearii Gruy. (1880). — V. narrow-lanceolate, with rounded ends. L. 0,059 to
0,068; B. 0,009 to 0,0115 mm. Transverse strize 17; longitudinal 19 in 0,01 mm. — Grow. A. D.
p- 61. Cu. Vega p. 496. Pleur. O'M. Prag. Pleur. VIII f. 10.

Marine: Seychelles (Grun.), Australia (Grun.).

Var. minor Cu. (1883). — L. 0,05; B. 0,011 mm. Transverse strie slightly radiate, 16 in
0,o1 mm. Longitudinal strie 18 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. Vega p. 496.

Marine: Port Jackson!

16. N. Kjellmanii Cr. (1880). — V. linear lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,168;
B. 0,0264 mm. Transverse strie 15 in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal of equal number, slightly inflexed.
towards the central nodule. — Pleurosigma (Nav.?) Kjellm. Cu. A. D. p. 14 Pl. IV f. 80. Pleur.
Kjellm. Pirae. Pleur. Pl. VIII f. 8. Nav. Vege Cu. Vega p. 474.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara.

“Var. subconstricta Grun. (1883). — V. linear, slightly constricted in the middle, with sub-
cuneate ends. L. 0,156; B. 0,015 mm. Transverse strie 15,3; longitudinal 14,3 in 0,01 mm. —
Nav. Vege v. subc. Vega p. 474.

Marine: North Siberian Sea, Cape Wankarema (Grun.).
N. Kjellmanii, O’Mearii and vitrea are closely connected and form a peculiar group inter=
mediate between Gyrosigma and Navicula, having the structure of the former and the straight

112 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

median line of the latter. I have proposed (1883 Vega p. 474) to include these forms in a Section
Vegr, but I now prefer to connect them with the other species of N. orthostiche.

17. N. porto-montana Ci. N. Sp. — V. broad, linear, slightly gibbous in the middle, with
broad rounded ends. L. 0,07; B. 0,017 mm. Median line with approximate median pores and
bordered by a narrow silicions rib. Terminal nodules thick, terminal fissures indistinct. Trans-
verse strie 19 to 20, longitudinal 19 in 0,01 mm. The puncta close to the median line are
larger than the others. — Pl. III f. 36.

Fresh water: Puerto Monte, Chile, fossil (Kinker Coll.)!

Gyrosigma Hassatr (1845).

Valve more or less elongated and sigmoid. Central nodule small. Ends of the median line
in contrary directions. Central area small or indistinct. Axial area indistinct. Structure: puncta
disposed in transverse and longitudinal rows. — Cell-contents (of the freshwater forms) with two
chromatophores along the connecting zone, which long before the division of the cell are trans-
versely cut off and migrate in pairs to the inside of the valve. The opening between the halves
of the chromatophores becomes oblique, and each half increases to a chromatophore. The margins
of the chromatophores entire (Prrrzzr, Bau und Entw. p. 57). Marine species (G. balticum) have
irregularly serrated chromatophores the indentations being directed towards the central nodule.
The median part of the chromatophores is obliquely striate, their substance being alternately
thicker and thinner. The strie of the two chromatophores cross each other in an oblique angle
(O. Mttier Ber. d. Deutch. Bot. Ges. 1883 p. 481).

The sigmoid Naviculee were named Navieula Sigma by Enrenperc. Hassaiu proposed for them
the name Gyrosigma, which was adopted by Razennorst (Die Siissw. Diat. 1853), but not by other
diatomists, who prefered the newer name Plewrosigma, formed by W. Smiru, 1852, who published the
first monograph of the species (Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. IX p.1). The genus Pleurosigma, as accepted
by all diatomists, includes forms with a structure of small puncta or alveoli, disposed in transverse
rows, which are crossed by other rows, either longitudinal, or obliquely decussating. There are no
intermediate forms between these two types, and I think they may justly be considered as different
genera. For the forms with the puncta in transverse and longitudinal rows, I adopt the name
Gyrosigma, although, as GRruNow remarks, this name involves tautology. For the forms with the
puncta disposed in transverse and oblique rows I reserve the name Pleurosigma. — Among the forms
of Gyrosigma are several with carinated valves, for which Ratrs 1861 (Pritch. Inf. p. 920) proposed
the generic name Donkinia. In my opinion this genus is not acceptable, as founded on a charac-
teristic which is subject to too much variation. The same may be the case with Rhoicosigma, pro-
posed 1867 by Grunow (Hedwigia VI p. 10) for forms with genuflexed or arcuate frustules. The
genus Rhoicosigma seems at first sight to be better founded, as the valves of the same frustule
of R. compactum are (as Prragatto has shewn) dissimilar. But on the other hand some forms
(as R. robustum) have evidently similar valves. Besides, the flexure of the frustule differs in
different species to all degrees. The manuscript-name Endosigma Bris. for the forms living like
Schizonema, in gelatinous tubes is not admissible, on the same grounds as Schizonema, Colleto-
nema, Endostauron etc. — From Gyrosigma may be removed Pleurosigma staurophorum Grun.,
which has no close affinity to any of the other forms, but has the characteristics of Caloneis, being
a sigmoid form of that genus. — The division of the sigmoid forms of Navicula into two groups,
founded on the disposition of the puncta in transverse and longitudinal, and in transverse and
oblique, rows, was first proposed by W. Situ, and has been accepted. by all later diatomists.
In the year 1880 Grunow published (in Arctische Diat.) an elaborate monograph, in which he

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 13

mtroduced a classification, founded on the relative number of the transverse and the longitudinal
or oblique striz. This classification has been adopted by Prracatio, who published 1891 (in Dia-
tomiste) a monograph of Pleurosigma and the allied genera Donkinia, Rhoicosigma and Toxonidea.
— It seems to me that to separate the species in accordance with the relative number of the
transverse and longitudinal striz is much too artificial a method, although this characteristic may
in many cases be useful. Gyros. Fasciola offers a striking illustration of how unnatural such a
classification based on the relative number of the strie may be. In the type the longitudinal striz
are closer than the transverse, but in the var. sulcata the transverse are closer than the longi-
tudinal striz. In some cases moreover the relation between the transverse and longitudinal striz
may be vitiated by inevitable errors in their counting. These reasons have induced me not to
adopt the classification of Grunow and Prragatio. I prefer as bases of classification the outline
of the valve and the flexure of the median line.

The variation of the forms in Gyrosigma is very great, and the species pass over into each
other in so many cases that it is very difficult to define them.

Gyrosigma is related to Tropidoneis by the carinated forms (Donkinia). On the other hand
it is related to the Navicule orthostiche. The peculiar G. spectabile has a central nodule, which
closely resembles that of the above named section (as of Nav. cuspidata).

The majority of forms, belonging to Gyrosigma live in brackish water, but a few are in-
habitants of fresh, and salt, water.

Artificial key.

1 ‘i line central a ee ee eee ee See ee ee ee 2.
: = @¥CONTFIG a wow ee ew od 19.
Ends aie into beaks. . . .... ae ne eo . 8.
2.
ee not — , ap ait S00 Seay 6.
3. ed short oa stot: ya 4s ow 8 Ratu’ oe GR etortiin W. Sm.
long — narrow...... ae ~ dg ce acilelea < toa
4. ee abruptly attenuated into beaks . . ee of : G. macrum W. Sm.
gradually _ _ Sed . Peay Herp ae» ey 5.
5. Valve narrow (B. 0,005 to 001 mm.) . . . .. Ny, G. prolongatum W. 8m.
: ee broader (B. 0,015 to 0,024 mm.). ee ce re arr G. Fasciola Eur.
6. ee VMCAR cede Raley ee eS we & , ra #8 : 12.
lanceolate, tapering from the middie oy 7.
Penesuauial strie wider than the transverse ba hs # e be eed 8.
ee — equidistant with — BN ics ip. Beek Saya 9.
— narrower than the — : ; eo % A 10.
8. { ee strie about 14 in 0,01 mm. . F G. attenuatum Kurz.
— iv —_ . . G. litorale W. Sm.
J dttanavets strie about 14 win 0,01 mm. ‘ yt . G. Terryanum Prr.
9. — 17 to 23 — ‘ Hak Soh . G. acuminatum Kirz.
| _ — about 28 _ nor bide tess He : G. glaciale Cu.
Transverse strie about 13 in 0,01 mm. Ss See ce ; ; bos 11.
— 21 —_ < a) lees G. Kitzingii Gron.
10: - ee COe. oa. "Vee te'd we . . G. Febigeri Grun.
— 2g SS wou Ge od Oeects . .G. diaphanum Cu.
dininad area ‘eel SR. ae CR, eae deccedenast Geld G. Strigilis W. Sm.
11. Seas
F —_ — large, oblique wm ; ae G. Baileyi Gaun.
Valve about 15 times longer than — , mo: YW G. tenuissimum W. 8m.
eae a ie gd dane ease 13.
. Transverse and longitudinal striz equidistant hi none Se 14.
ss { strie wider than the longitudinal . ; a. Oia @ soa 2D,
Geteal area large, oblique. . ..-.--+-+- ‘ ‘ G. plagiostomum Gron.
a { — — small — wa. Gal off tee Sys fh Atenls G. balticum Exp.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd 26. Niro 2. 15*

114 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

15. ee small (L. 0,06 to 0,2 mm.) ..... S54 codbeaih witty Geis OR Abt Gh ea Gar eobyaes, Goo . 16.
— large (L. 0,3 to 0,5 mm.) . sertee sade Can, Settee Seen dre ein de Path oeyit hae 18.
16 Valve with gradually narrowed ends .. . : ; . .G. Spenceriit W. Sm.
6.
oe —- obliquely rounded — . So se: sae ee aoe AT,
17. hg 006mm. . ... a : : G. scalproides RaBu.
Ole > 2 oe we a : tee wee GE Temperet Cx.
18. ees strie about 9 in 001 mm... 2. 2... 7 wee . . G. Grovei Cu.
— 18 _ : Baie: oho Gers . .« G. spectabile Grun.
Median line sinuose ....... #. UE. vst haie dod G. diminutum Grun.
19.
— — nott— ..... ls care . 20.
90. at very narrow, 17 or more ‘twos anes than oad wesc & . G. lineare Grun..
MOSSATAEFOW! oe nce Sanee a2 ae Gare Ga ee Re eae Coe, | SS 21.
91. pete line slightly excentric © 2 6 6 6 ee ee 22.
— coincident with the margin .........., Ae ie ge cel OR
22. aes eQMIdIStANG = ei 5 us ee ee ea es : a en ee ee ee
Transverse strie wider than the longitudinal .. . ee ae . G. areticum Cu.
93, oe about e in 0,01 mm. gh, +8 eh Oe + «i G. robustum Grun.
_ me CALNE ee NT te eee LA ae ae G. Wansbeckii Donk.
24. ead ee he Ad. a8 eWay Ge Sake 6 nt ep = ED:
not at GaP Sa sine usc Sh suesainy ay sae Mars) Sseabo cam ao 8 Ge tee? SR Ay aa eS 26.
95 Valve broad, unilaterally sanded yi Goes ake @ W-2 » «+ « G. compactum GREv.
5. 5
ee narrow, lanceolate... . ; : ... G mediterraneum Cu.
26 ae and longitudinal strie eiaiilictant ope Skee ple ha . . G. rectum Donk.
: — strie narrower than the longitudinal . ....... G. angustum Donk.

1. G. acuminatnm Kiz. (1833). — V. sigmoid, lanceolate, gradually tapering to the obtuse
ends. L. 0,1 to 0,18; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Median line central, sigmoid. Transverse and longi-
tudinal striz equidistant, about 18 in 0,01 mm. -- Frustulia acuminata Ktrz. Linnea VIII p. 555
Dec. N:o 84 (accord. to Lagst.). Plewros. acuminatum Grun. A. D. p. 56. V. H. Syn. 117 PI.
XXI f. 12. Per. VII f. 36, 37. Pleur. lacrustre W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XXI f. 217. Pleur. trans-
sylvanicum Pant. III Pl. VI f. 94?

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Saxony!

Var. curta Grun. (1880). — L. 0,063 to 0,086; B. 0,0145 mm. Ends subrostrate, obtuse.
Striz 18 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Holstein (Grun.).

Var. gallica Grun. — V. sigmoid, lanceolate, with attenuate, subacute ends. L. 0,011 to
0,155; B. 0,011 to 0,o18 mm. Median line sigmoid, central. Longitudinal and transv. strie equi-
distant 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — P. scalprum var. gallica Grun. V. H. T. Nio 172. P. gallic.
Perr. VII f. 2.

Fresh and brackish water: Sweden (Hernésand, fossil, Rimforsa i Vestergétland, Ringsjén)!
France (V. H. T.), Argentina!

Var. Brebissonii Grun. (1880). — V. sigmoid, linear-lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,086
to 0,104; B. 0,011 to 0,013 mm. Median line central, sigmoid. Transverse and longit. strie equi-
disstant, 22 to 23 in 0,01 mm. — Pleuros. balticum y W. Sm. B. D. XXII f. 207 y. P. Bréb. Grun.
A. D. p. 56. Per. VII f. 29, 30? P. balt. var. Bréb. V. H. Syn. p. 117 Pl. XXI f. 6. P. sealp-
rum Rasu. A. Eur. N:o 2013 (accord. to Grun.).

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Spitzbergen! Sweden! Paris! Saxony! Argentina!

2. G. Verryanum Perr. (1891). — V. slightly sigmoid, tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. IL. 0,4 to 0,45; B. 0,038 to 0,041 mm. Median line central, flexuose near the central
nodule, which is obliquely elongated. Transverse and longit. strie equidistant, 14 in 0,01 mm. —
Pleuros. Terr. Prr. p. 18 Pl. VII f. 21.

Marine: Connecticut!

3. G. Baileyi Grun. (1880). — V. broadly lanceolate, strongly sigmoid, with subacute ends.
L. 0,08 to 0,13; B. 0,018 to 0,o21 mm. Median line central, sigmoid. Central nodule large,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wnio 2. 145

elongated and oblique. Transverse striz radiate in the middle and 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm., but 18
in 0,01 mm. at the ends. Longitud. strie 18 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Bail. Grun. A. D. p. 59.
Pur, VITI f. 11.

Brackish water: Bengal (Grunow).

4. G. Strigilis W. Sm. (1852). — V. narrow, lanceolate, sigmoid, gradually tapering to the
subacute ends. L. 0,25 to 0,36; B. 0,03 to 0,034 mm. Median line central, slightly flexuose. Trans-
verse striz more distant than the longitudinal. T.S.: LS. 1/,;, '/,;, 4/1, in 0,01 mm. — Pleur.
Strig. W. Sm. Ann. Mag. N. H. (2) IX p. 8 Pl ID f. 4. B.D. I p. 66 Pl. XXII f 208.
Per. VIII f. 4. 5.

Brackish water: Baltic! North Sea! English Channel (W. Sm.), Batavia!

Var. Smithii Grun. (1880). — I. 0,15 to 0.025; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. T.S.: LS. "/,,
4/,, in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Smithit Grun. A. D. p. 58.

Brackish water: Java! Bengal (Grun.), South America (Grun.).

Var.? tropica Grun. (1860). — Ends obtuse. L. 0,16 to 0,3; B. 0,023 to 0,033 mm. Transv.
strie about 21 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. tropicum Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 559 Pl. III f. 34. Pur. VIII f. 7.

Marine: Red Sea (Grun.), West Indies (Grun.).

Var.? capensis Prtit (1891). — L. 0,3; B. 0,017 mm. T.S.: L. S !/,, in 0,01 mm. —
Pleur. cap. Per. p. 21 Pl. VIII f. 6.

Marine: Cape Good Hope (Petit).

5. G. Kiitzingit Grun. (1860). — V. gently sigmoid, lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,08
to 0,12; B. 0,012 to 0,015 mm. Central nodule somewhat elongated. Median line central, sigmoid.
Transv. strie slightly radiate in the middle, more distant than the longitudinal. T.S.: L.S. ?',,,
2/54, 22/og, 23/og in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Kiiteingit Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 561 Pl. VI f. 3. P. Spencer
var. Kite. Grun. A. D. p. 59. V. H. Syn. p. 118 Pl. XXI f. 14. Per. VIII f. 22. P. gracilentum
Rasy. Alg. Europ. N:o 1066 (1861). P. Wormleyi Suttiv. = P. Spencerti var. acutiuscula GRuN. in
V. H. Types N:o 183.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Malaren)! Finland! Belgium (V. H.), Saxony! East Indies (Grun.)!
Japan! Tasmania! New Zealand (Grun.), Waltham in Massachusetts! Hudson River! Argentina!

6. G. Febigerii Grun. (1879). — V. lanceolate, gently sigmoid, subacute. L. 0,11 to 0,15;
B. 0,0145 to 0,015 mm. Central nodule rounded. Median line sigmoid, central. T.S.: L.S. 4/5 in
0,o1 mm. — Pleur. Febig. Grun. Cl. M. D. No 223. A. D. p. 60. P. Spencertt var.? Febig.
Per. VIII f. 28.

Marine: California (Grun.).

7. G. diaphanum Cr. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, sigmoid, subobtuse. L. 0,085; B. 0,015 mm.
Median line central, sigmoid. Centralnodulerounded. T.S. : L.S. ?"/s) in 0,o1 mm. — Pl. VI (Part I

PL YD) & 6,
Marine: Isle de Bréhat, France! Gullmarefjord, Sweden!

8. G. (Rhoicosigma) glaciale Cx. (1883). — V. thin, lanceolate, gently sigmoid, gradually
tapering to the acute ends. L. 0,143; B. 0,019 mm. Median line very slightly sigmoid. Transv.
and longit. strie equidistant, 28 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. glaciale Cu. Vega p. 476 Pl. XXXV f. 13.
Per. VII f. 15.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

9, G. attenuatum Kirz. (1833): — V. gently sigmoid, lanceolate, gradually tapering from
the middle to the obtuse ends. L. 0,18 to 0,24; B. 0,025 mm. Median line gently sigmoid, central.
Longitudinal strie stronger and more distant than the transverse. T.8.: LS. /1o. M/12. 18/,, in
0,01 mm. — Frustulia attenuata Ktrz. Dec. N:o 83 (accord. to Lagst.). Pleur. atten. W. Sm. B. D.
I p. 68 Pl. XXII f. 216. V. H. Syn. p. 117 Pl. XXI f.11. Pur. VILE 9. P. Hippocampus W. Sm.

116 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Anh, Mag. N. H. [2] X p..10 Pi. 11 f. 9 (1852). B. D, 1.2. £ 215. V. H. Syn. p. 117 PL AX
f. 3. Pur. VII f. 4 to 7. P. att. var. caspia Grun. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 18 Pl. III f. 8. Per VII f. 8.

Fresh and brackish water: Sweden! Finland! England! Saxony! Belgium (V. H.), France!
Baltic! North Sea! Caspian Sea (Grun.).

Var. Scalprum Gam. a. Ture. (1827). — L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0o19 mm. TS. : LS. 1/16,
1),. — Nav. Scalprum Gari. a. Ture. Mém. du Muséum XV Pl. X, XI f. 3 (accord. to Kiitz.).
P. acuminatum W. Sm. B. D. I p. 66 Pl. XXI f. 209. Gruy. A. D. p. 55. Pur. p.17 Pl. VITE. 3.
Pl. Kochit Pant. III Pl. IX f. 153 (1893)??

Brackish and marine: North Sea!

10. G. litorale W. Sm. (1852). — V. sigmoid, lanceolate, with attenuate, slightly rostrate
ends. L. 0,11 to 0,19; B. 0,022 to 0,045 mm. Median line sigmoid, central. Longit. strie very
strong and distant. T.S.: LS. 1%, in 001 mm. — P. litorale W. Sm. Ann. and Mag. N. Hist.
[2] IX p. 10 PL ID f. 8 B.D. Ip. 67 Pl. XXII f 214. Pur. VII f. 1.

Marine: North Sea! English Channel (W. Sm.), Mediterranean Sea (Per.).

11. G. distortum W. Sm. (1852). — V. lanceolate, slightly sigmoid. Ends more or less
abruptly produced into short, obtuse beaks, turned in contrary directions. L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,017
mm. Median line sigmoid, central. Transv. strie more distant than the longit. T.S.: LS. 78/5,
25/.,. — Pleur. dist. W. Sm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2] [IX p. 7 Pl. 1 f. 10; B. D. I p. 67 Pl. XX
f. 210. Per. VIII f. 32.

Marine: Spitzbergen! North Sea! English Channel (W. Sm.), Ionian Archipelago (Grun.),
Cameroon, Africa!

Var. Parkert Harrison (1860). — L. 0,08 to 0,15; B. 0,015 to 0,025 mm. T.S.: LS. 1%5
(Grun.), ?°%/o4, 74/o;, 23/og in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Park. Harri. M. J. 1860 p. 104. Grun. A. D. p. 57.
V. H. Syn. p. 118 Pl. XXI f. 10. Pur. VIII f. 33.

Fresh and brackish water: Baltic! England! Belgium!

Var. stauroneoides Grun. (1880). — Central nodule transversely dilated. T.S.: L.S. */,,
0,01 mm. — Pleur. Park. var. stauron. Grun. A. D. p. 57.

Brackish water: Hudson River (Grun.).

12. G. Fasciola Eus. (1839). — V. lanceolate, attenuated into long, linear beaks, curved
in opposite directions. L. 0,09 to 0,15; B. 0,015 to 0,o24 mm. Median line central, straight in the
middle of the valve. T.S.: LS. 7/,4, 73/5 in 0,01 mm. — Ceratoneis Fusciola Eup. Abh. 1839
(accord. to Chase). Plewr. Fasciola W. Sm. B. D. I p. 67 Pl. XXI f. 211. Grun. A. D. p. 58.
V. H. Syn. p. 119 Pl. XXI f. 8. Hunpry T. M. Soc. 1862 X p. 152. Per. VIII f. 36 to 38.

Marine: Spitsbergen! North Sea! California! Barbados!

Var. sulcata Grun. (1880). —- Longitudinal strie strong. T.S. : LS. %/,, (Grun.), 2"), 23/4,
in 0,01 mm. — P. (Fasc. var.?) sulcatum Grun. A. D. p. 55 Pl. IV f. 75. V. H. Syn. XXI f. 7.
Per. VIII f. 43.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.), Spitsbergen! Firth of Tay (Grove), Mouth of Seine!

Var. tenuirostris Grun. (1880). — L. 0,14 to 1,16; B. 0,011 to 0,o12 mm. T.S.: L.S. 5,
23/,, in 0,o1 mm. — P. (Fase. var.?) tenuirostris Grun. A. D. p. 55 Pl. IV f. 76. Pur. VIIT f. 42.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Var. arcuata Donk. (1858). — V. lanceolate. Ends more suddenly produced into long, narrow
beaks curved in contrary directions. L. 0,1 to 0,115; B. 0,012 mm. Median line central, straight.
Transv. strie 24 to 25 (Grun.) in 0,01 mm.; longitudinal finer. — Pleur. arcuat. Don. T. M. S.
VI p. 25 Pl. WI f. 10. Psp. VIII f. 34, 35.

Marine: Coast of Sweden (Grun.)! England (Donk.). ;

Gyros. Fasciola is intimately connected with G. distortum var. Parkeri, and by the Var.
tenuirostris, with G. macrum.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, 117

13. G. macrum W. Sm. (1853). — V. narrow, lanceolate, abruptly attenuated into very
long and narrow beaks, curved in contrary directions. L. 0,2 to 0,27; B. 0,01 mm. Median line
central. Transv. strive 27 to 28 in 0,01 mm., Jongitudinal more than 30 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur.
macr. W. Su. B. D. I p. 67 Pl. XXXI f. 276. V. H. Syn. p. 119 Pl. XXI f. 9. Pur. VIII f. 41.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.), North Sea! Mediterranean Sea (Grun.).

14. G. prolongatum W. Sm. (1852). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gradually attenuated into
long beaks, curved in contrary directions. L. 0,11 to 0,25; B. 0,005 to 0,o15 mm. Transverse
strie 21 to 22 in 0,01 mm., longit. finer. — Pleur. prol. W. Sm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2] IX
pF PLL 7. B.D. 1 p. 67 Pl XXIT£ 212. Por. Vil f. 39.

Marine: North Sea! Balearic Islands!

Var. closteroides GRuN. (1884). — Beaks turned in the same directions. Transv. strie 22 in
0,01 mm. — Pleur. prol. var. closteroides Grun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 105 (53) Pl. I f. 58.
Per. VIII f. 40.

Marine: Coasts of England (Grun.).

. 15. G. tenuissimum W. Sm. (1853). — V. very narrow, linear-lanceolate, slightly sigmoid,
acute. L. 0,11 to 0,22; B. 0,005 to 0,015 mm. Median line central. Transv. strie 18 to 22 in 0,01
mm. longitud. finer. — Pleur. tenuiss. W. Sm. B. D. I p. 67 Pl. XXII f. 213. Per. VIII f. 13.

Marine: Sea of Kara! East coasts of England (W. Sm.), Triest! California!

Var. subtilissima Grun. (1880). — L. 0,137; B. 0,0065 mm. Transy. strie 27 in 0,01 mm. —
Pleur. ten. var. subt. Grun. A. D. p. 58.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Var. hyperborea Grun. (1880). — V. linear, sigmoid. L. 0,084 to 0,094; B. 0,006 to 0,007
mm. T.S.: L.S. 24/53, 22/4 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. ten. var. hyperb. Grun. A. D. p. 58 Pl. IV f. 77.
Per. VIII f. 14.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Gyros. tenuissimum connects G. prolongatum with G. Spencerii by the Var. hyperborea.

16. G. Spencerii W. Sm. (1852). — V. linear-lanceolate, sigmoid, obtuse. L. 0.078 to 0,22;
B. 0,012 to 0,025 mm. Median line central. Transv. striz more distant than the longitudinal.
TS. : LS. 55, 7 /oq, 22/24 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Spenceriti W. Sm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2] Ix
p. 12 Pl. Il f 15. B. D.I p. 68 Pl. XXII f. 218. ° P. Spence. var. Smitha Grun. A. D. p. 59.
V. H. Syn. p. 118 Pl. XXI f. 15. Pzr. VIII f. 21, 23. P. Spenc. var. Arnottii Grun. A. D. p. 59,
P. Spenc. var. borealis Grun. A. D. p. 60. Pur. VIII f. 15. P. Spence. var. Antillarum Grun. A. D.
p. 60. P. Spenc. var. curvula Grun. A. D. p. 60. V. H. Syn. p. 118 Pl. XXI f. 3, 4, 5. Pur.
VIII f. 20, 24.

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Saxony! Canada! New York! West
Indies! Bombay (Grove Coll.)!

Var. exilis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,05 to 0,055; B. 0,oo7 mm. Transy. strive 28 to 29 in 0,01
mm. — P. Spenc. var. exilis Grun. A. D. p. 60. Purr. VIII f. 25.

Brackish water: Normandy (Grun.), Tasmania!

Var. minutula Grun. (1880). —- L. 0,06; B. 0,01 mm. T.S.: LS. 74/5, 4/95 in 0,01 mm. —
P. Spence. var. min. Grun. A. D. p. 60.

Brackish water: Elbe (Grun.).

Var. nodifera Grun. (1880). — V. linear, slightly sigmoid, obtuse. L. 0,06 to 0,1; B. 0,011
mm. Median line central. Central nodule surrounded by an elongated, oblique area. ‘Transv.
strie slightly radiate in the middle. T.S. : L.S. !%/g9, %/5; in 0,01 mm. — P. nodif. Grun. A. D.
p- 59. PB. Spenc. var. nod. V. H. Syn. p. 118. Pl. XXI f. 13. Per. VIII f. 26.

Fresh water: Mouth of Elbe (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.), Samoa (Grun.).

118 bp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

17. G. Grovei Cu. (1891). — V. linear, sigmoid at the attenuated, obliquely rounded, ends.
L. 0,4 to 0,6; B. 0,03 to 006 mm. Central nodule obliquely elliptical. Median line central, scarcely
flexuose. T.S.: LS. 9, in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. Groveii Pur. p. 22 Pl. VIII f. 1.

Brackish water: Java! Singapore!

18. G. spectabile Grun. (1891). — V. sigmoid, linear, obtuse. L. 0,3 to 0,34; B. 0,04 mm.
Median line central, sigmoid, enclosed between two siliceous strings. Central nodule small, elongated.
Terminal areas large. T.S. : L.S. 18/,; in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. spect. Per. p. 21 Pl. VII f. 14.

Brackish water: Brazil!

This isolated species is very interesting, as the eentral nodule and the median line recall
those of Frustulia and Navicule Orthostiche.

19. G. sealproides Rasy. (1861). — V. slightly sigmoid, linear, with obliquely rounded
ends. L. 0,058 to 0,068; B. 0,01 mm. Median line straight. Central nodule elongated. Median
transv. strie somewhat radiate. T.S.: L.S. 7/4) in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. scalproides Rasy. Alg. Eur.
N:o 1101. Grun. A. D. p. 60. V. H. Syn. p. 119 Pl. XXI f. 1. P. Spencerti var. scalpr.
Per. VIII f. 31.

Fresh water: Germany! U. States, Kansas River! Cameroon, Africa!

Var. (Endosigma) eximia Tuw.. (1856). — V. linear, obliquely truncate. L. 0,06 to 0,08;
B. 0,009 to 0,01 mm. Median line straight, somewhat excentric in the ends. T.S. : L.8. 73/.,, 75/og
in 0,01 mm. Frustules enclosed in gelatinous tubes. —- Colletonema cxim. Tow. in W. Sm. B. D.
II p. 69 Pl. LVI f. 350. Pleur. exim. V. H. Syn. p. 119 Pl. XXI f. 2. Pur. VIII f. 47.

Fresh water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia, Upsala)! England (W. Sm.), Belgium (V. H.), Bengal!

Var. obliqua Grun. (1880). — V. linear, obliquely truncate. L. 0,069; B. 0,0145 mm. Central
area elongated, oblique. Median line straight, curved at the ends, central. T.S.: LS. 7?/,, in
0,01 mm. — Pleur. obl. Grun. A. D. p. 56. Purr. VII f. 34.

Brackish water: Sierra Leone (Grun.), U. States! Savannah, Ga.!

20. G. Temperei Cr. (1893). — V. linear, with obligely truncate and rounded ends. L. 0,14;
B. 0,014 mm. Median line central, straight, curved only at the ends. Central nodule small,
elongated. T.S. : L.S. 77/35. —- Diatomiste II p. 55 Pl. III f. 3.

Brackish water: Connecticut!

This form has nearly the same outline as P. balticum, but is smaller and has closer striation.

21. G. plagiostomum Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,1
B. 0,013 mm. Median line central, slightly flexuose. Central nodule large, glongated and oblique.
Transv. and longit. strie equidistant, 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. plag. Grun. A. D. p. 56.
Per. VIT f. 33.

Marine: Seychelles (Grun.), Sierra Leone! Barbados!

Pleur. sciotense Suuurv. (1854 Sillim. J. XXVII p. 251; Grun. A. D. p. 59), which seems to
be the same as Pl. Wansbeckit Pur. VII f. 25, 26, is probably only a variety of G. playiostomum.
Specimens from Hudson River (Icon. nost. Pl. VI (Part II Pl. I) f. 5) differ from that form in their
somewhat larger size (L. 0,14 to 0,16; B. 0,016 to 0,018 mm. T.S.: LS. 16/19, 8/19 in 0,01 mm.).

22. G. balticum Ens. (1830). — V. linear, with obliquely truncate and obtuse ends.
L. 0,2 to 0,4; B. 0,024 to 0,040 mm. Median line slightly excentric and somewhat flexnose. Cen-
tral area small, oblique. Transv. and longit. strie equidistant, 11 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
baltica Ens. Abh. 1830 p. 114 (accord. to Chase). Pleur. balticum W. Sm. B. D. I 66 p. XXII
f. 207. Jan. Rasy. Honduras D. Pl. Il] f. 3. V. H. Syn. p. 117 Pl. XX f. 1. Per. VIF. 19, 20.
P. Makron Jounst. M. J. VIII p. 15.

Brackish and marine: Baltic! North. Sea! Caspian Sea (Grun.). Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic!
Red Sea! Java! Sumatra! Sandwich Islands! Samoa! Magellans Strait! Brazil! West Indies! At-
lantic coasts of U. States!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 119

Var. similis Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with obtuse ends. L. 0,10 to 0,2; B. 0,02 to 0,024
mm. Median line central, slightly sigmoid, ending below the apices of the valve. Central area
small. Striz equidistant, 16 to 17 in 0,o2 mm. — Pleur. simile Grun. A. D. p. 56. Purr. VII f. 27.

Fresh or brackish water: Lagos (Grun.), Java! Samoa (Grun.), Tasmania! China! Barbados!

Var. sinensis Ens. (1847). -- V. gibbous in the middle and with incrassate ends. LL. 0,1 to
0,2; B. 0,013 to 0,022 mm. Median line strongly flexuose. T.S.: L.S. %/,, in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
sin. Ens. Ber. 1847 p. 485 (accord. to Chase). M. G. XXXIV, 7. f. 11. Per. VII f. 11. Pl. sin.
var. caleuttensis Grun. A. D. p. 57. Per. VIT f. 12.

Var. californica Grun. (1879). — V. linear, slightly sigmoid, with gradually attenuated ends.
L. 0,25 to 0,28; B. 0,028 mm. Transv. and longit. strie equidistant, 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. —
Pleur. balt. var. calif. Grun. in Cl. M. D. No 246. Per. VIT f. 22.

Brackish water: California!

23. G. diminutum Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with obliquely truncate and rounded ends.
L. 0,1 to 0,11; B. 0,016 mm. Median line strongly flexuose, excentric towards the ends. T.S.: LS.
8/oo, logs 73/og In 0,01 mm. — Pleur. (balt. var.?) dim. Grun. A. D. p. 56. Pzr. VII f. 31, 32.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic (Grun.)!

Var. constricta Grun. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle and at the ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,013
mm. T.S.: LS. 4/, in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. (balt. var.?) constr. Grun. A. D. p. 57. Per. VII
f. 13. Pleur. reversum Gree. D. of Clyde p. 530 Pl. XIV f. 105. Pr. VIT f. 10?

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Pl. biharense Pant. III Pl. XLIT f. 581 seems to be an akin form.

24. G. Wansbeckii Donk. (1858). — V. linear, tapering towards the slightly curved and
obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,11 to 0,17; B. 0,015 mm. Median line excentric, sigmoid. T.S. : L.S.
18/4, 2%, in O01 mm. — Pleur. balt. @ W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XXII f. 207 g. Pl. Wansb. Donx.
T. M.S. VI p. 24 Pl. TI f. 7. Pur. VII f. 23. 24.

Brackish and marine: Sea of Kara! North Sea!

Var. Peisonis Grun. (1860). — L. 0,09; B. 0,01 mm. T.S. : LS. ?!/,;, 243/,, in 0,01 mm. —
Pleur. Peis. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 562 Pl. VI f. 8. P. Spencerti var. Peis. Grun. A. D. p. 60.
Per. VIII f. 27.

Brackish water: Sonderburg (Grun.), Neusiedler See, Hungary (Grun.)!

Var. subsalina Pur. (1891). — L. 0,12 to 0,17; B. 0,o12 mm. TS. : LS. 18/45. — Pleur.
Spencerti var. subs. Per. p. 24 Pl. VIII f. 16, 17.

Brackish water: Médoc, France (Per.).

25. G. (Rhoicosigma) arcticum Cx. (1873). — V. slightly sigmoid, tapering from the middle
to the subacute or obliquely rounded ends. L. 0.07 to 0,2; B. 0,014 to 0,02 mm. Median line more
sigmoid than the valve, sometimes slightly sinuose. T.S.: L.S. 7%/y, 74/39, ?3/g9 in 0,01 mm.
Frustule more or less arcuate to almost straight. — Rhoicosigma arcticum Cu. D. Arc. Sea p. 18
Pl. TU £16. Pur. X f. 16; 17,

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Finmark! Grip in Norway! Firth of Tay!
Barbados! Kerguelens Land!

This species varies in amount of flexure. Specimens from Kerguelens Land, named by
Grunow Donkinia subflexuosa (Icon. n. Pl. VI (Part II Pl. I) f. 3, 4), are straight, so also are speci-
mens from Barbados, but otherwise they differ in nothing of importance. The ends are subacute
or obliquely rounded according to the position of the valve.

As a Var. irregularis Pzracauio has (p. 33 Pl. X f. 18) figured an asymmetrical form from
the North Sea, which requires a more accurate study.

26. (Donkinia) rectum Donk. (1858). — V. convex, linear, straight, with obliquely rounded
ends. L. 0,11 to 0,23; B. 0,013 to 0,02 mm. Median line strongly excentric and sigmoid. Transverse

120 P. I. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

and oblique striz almost equidistant, 19 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. rectum Donk. T. M. 8. VI
p. 23 Pl. III f. 6. Amphiprora Ralfsii Arnort M. J. VI p. 91 (1858) ad spec. authentica. Donkinia
recta V. H. Syn. p. 119 Pl. XVID f. 9. Per. IX f. 4. P. Lorenzii Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 558
Pl. Vif 4, Per. VIL £. 17.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Labuan! China! Port Jackson! Florida!

Var. intermedia Pur. (1891). — V. more lanceolate, with less asymmetrical ends. — Donkinia
recta var, int. Pur. p. 30 Pl. IX f. 7, 8.

Marine: Cherbourg (Per.), Firth of Tay!

Var. Thumii Cu. (1891). — L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,011 to 0,o12 mm. TS. : L.S. 24/,,, 78/og, 28/0,
in 0,01 mm. — Donkinia Thumii Pur. p. 30 Pl. VIT f 28, IX f. 10.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Seychelles! Sumatra!

Var. minuta Donk. (1858). — Smaller. L. 0,06; B. 0,o12 mm. Strize 19 in 0,01 mm. —
Pleur. minutum Donk. T. M.S. VI p. 24, Pl. TIT f. 8. Donkinia min. Raurs in Pritch. Inf. p. 921
(1861). Per. IX f. 9.

Marine: Newcastle! Firth of Tay!

27. G. lineare Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, linear, almost straight, unilaterally narrowed
towards the ends. L. 0,17 to 0,26; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. Median line sigmoid, strongly excentric.
T.S. : LS. 29/4, 2/g, in 0,01 mm. — Rhoic. lineare Grun. A. D. p. 59. Per. IX f. 11 (median line
incorrectly represented as central).

Marine: Adriatic! Seychelles (Grun.), Port Jackson! Colon!

Var. longissima Cu. (1881). — V. very narrow, with obliquely rounded ends. L.. 0,16 to
0,17; B. 0,007 mm. T.S.: L.S. 18/,, 72/5 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. (Donk.?) long. Cu. N. R. D. p. 6
Pl. Lt. 8. Pap: Vil 4, 16.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Naples, Balearic Islands)!

28. G. angustum Donk. (1858). — V. very convex, thin, linear, with unilaterally attenuate,
acute ends. L. 0,126 to 0,14; B. 0,015 mm, Median line diagonal in the middle and then marginal.
TS. : LS. %/,. in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. angustum Donx. T. M. 8. VI p. 24 Pl. IIL f. 9. Donkinia
angusta Raurs in Pritch. Inf. p. 921 (1861). Pur. IX f. 3.

Marine: England (Donk.), Balearic Islands!

Var. sumatrana Cu. -— Less convex. L. 0,14; B. 0,018 mm. TS. : LS. 2%/,, in 0,01 mm.
Median line less excentric.

Marine: Sumatra (Deby Coll.)!

29. P. (Rhoicos.) compactum Grev. (1857). — Frustule arcuate, with dissimilar valves.
V. short, linear, unilaterally attenuated to the obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,089 to 0,4; B. 0,015 to
0,05 mm. Upper valve with straight diagonal, median line T.S. : L.S. ¥/45, 14/53, !/y), 4/4) in 0,01 mm.
Lower valve with strongly excentric and sigmoid median line. T.S. : L.S. ¥/., '%/19, 17/5, '8/ao,
19/,,, 1/4 in 0,o1 mm. — Lower valve: Pleur. comp. Grev. M. J. V. p. 12 Pl. IIL f. 9. Donkinia
comp. Ratrs in Pritch. Inf. p. 921 (1861). Rhoic. comp. Grun. M. M. J 1877 p. 182. Pur.
p. 33 Pl. X f. 7, 8. Rhote. oceanicum Pr. |. c. f. 5, 12, 15. Rhote. corsicanum Per. 1. c. Rhoic.
Antillarum Cu. West. Ind. D. p. 9 Pl. IL f. 14. Pleur. Smithianum Castr. Voyage Challenger D.
p- 38 Pl. XXVIII f. 6? Donkinia antiqua Grove and Sturt J. Queck. M. Cl. IIT [2] p. 133 (1887)?
— Upper valve: Rhoic. Reichardtianum Grun. Hedwigia VI p. 11 (1867). M. M. J. 1877 p. 181
Pl. CXCV f. 19. Rhoic. compactum Pzr. p. 33 Pl. X f. 6, 8, 10, 18. d

Marine: La Rochelle (Petit Coll.)! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Sumatra! Philip-
pines! Port Jackson! Samoa! Tahiti! Galapagos Islands! Honduras (Grun.), West Indies!

Var. constricta Grun. (1877). -— V. slightly constricted in the middle, with subcuneate ends.
L. 0,13; B. 0,02 mm. TS. : LS. %/\9, 18/59 in 0,01 mm. — Rhoie. (Reichardtii var.?) constr. GRUN.
M. M. J. 1877 p. 181.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.)! Adriatic (Grun.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2, 121

This species is very variable as to size and number of the strie, so that I cannot admit
the separation of Rhoic. compactum and Rhoic. oceanicum Pur. According to PERAGALLO Gyr. com-
pactum has 20 to 24 transverse and closer longitudinal strie, but I have not seen such closely
striate forms, which are said to be frequent. Most specimens I have seen agree with Rhoic. ocea-
nicum. The fact that the valves of the same frustule are dissimilar, discovered by PERAGALLO, is
of great interest. The striation of the valves is somewhat dissimilar. On specimens from La
Rochelle I counted on the lower valve 19 transv. and 24 longit. striz in 0,01 mm. and on the
upper valve 16 transy. and 23 longit. striz in 0,01 mm.

30. G. (Rhoicosigma) mediterraneum Cu. (1877). — V. narrow, with acute ends. L. 0,18
to 0,24; B. 0,022 to 0,o025 mm. Median line diagonal in the middle and then marginal. T.S.: L.S.
18/555 "fog 1°/o7 in 0,01 mm. — Rhoic. medit. Cr. T. R. M. 8. 1877 p. 182. N. R. D. p. 6 Pl. If. 9.
Pur. IX f. 29 to 32.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Java!

Var. calcarea Brun (1891). — V. smaller, with less acute ends and less asymmetrical median
line. T.S. : LS. 295/,, in 0,01 mm. — Pur. p. 32 Pl. IX f. 28.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Per.).

Var. chinensis Cu. — L. 0,14; B. 0,018 mm. Median line as in the type. T.S.: L.S. %3/,,
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)!

31. G. (Rhoicosigma) robustum Gron. (1880). — V. narrow lanceolate, sigmoid, gradually
tapering from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,27 to 0,6; B. 0,04 to 0,o6 mm. Median line
sigmoid, excentric. T.S.: L.S. "jo, V3, 1/43 in 0,01 mm. — Pleur. (Rhoic.?) robustum Grun.
A. D. p. 58. Rhoic. robustum Per. X f. 2, 3.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Java! Singapore! Samoa! Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay!

Var. inflexa Pur. (1891). — Valve more narrow and sigmoid. — Perr. p. 34 Pl. X f. 4.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea!

Frustulia Ac. (1824).

Both valves similar. Central nodule small, indistinct or elongated. Median line enclosed
between two siliceous ribs. Terminal nodules small, sometimes elongated; terminal fissures not
distinct. No axial or central area. Structure: puncta arranged in transverse and longitudinal
strie. Connecting zone simple. Cellcontents: two endochrome-plates along the interior wall of
the connecting zone, in the middle of the valve separated a from the wall by hemispherical plasma-
masses. On division of the plates, they do not move in the cells; the fission begins at the ends of
the plate (Prrrzzr Bau u. Entw. p. 58). On conjugating, two frustules form by their cell-contents
a mass, which is transformed into two cylindrical bodies, with obtuse, rounded ends, coarsely
transversely costate, parallel to the empty valves. The ends of these bodies form, later on, caps,
which are thrown off. The bodies become conical, and gradually the valves are developed, one after
the other. When full-grown they are twice as long as the mother-cells (Pritzer Bau u. Entw. p. 58).

From the description of the cell-contents and the process of conjugation it seems that Fru-
stulia and Navicula differ considerably in these respects.

Some species of Frustulia (of the group of F. rhomboides) are, as far as regards the valve,
nearly akin to the Navicule orthostiche and, on the other hand to Amphipleura. The central nodule,
usually small, becomes in same forms (N. rhomboides var. amphipleuroides) united to the strong
siliceous strings, which enclose the median line, as in Amphipleura, but the central nodule is in

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 26. N:o 2. 16*

122 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

the latter genus much larger. Several species of Frustulia (as F. vulgaris) live enclosed in gela-
tinous tubes and have been considered as belonging to a separate genus (Colletonema Tuaw.);
others live in gelatinous masses (Frustulia Ag., Exs., Kirz.). No generic distinctions may be
founded on such characteristics. Brisisson founded 1868 (Ann. de la Soc. phytol. et microsc. de
Belgique, Vol. I p. 201) the genus Van Heurckia on the peculiar structure of the central nodule
and the median line. With Pritzzer I am inclined to retain the old name F'rustulia.

Artificial key.

i pee rhomboid to lanceolate . Ax ; ab fy A. as Uae RAY lee,

linear to elliptic-linear . i ‘ Bo aR eh ie me ah ih 4.

9. a small. L. 0,028 to 0,03 mm. S. git Arta of .. . F. styriaca Grun.
— larger. L. 0,05 or more. . : : Bd, ta RS Ge See ty AP 3.

3. oe strie slightly radiate . A Se Be . . FF. vulgaris Taw.

— parallel cis oe a . F. rhomboides Exp.

4. as nodules near the margin © /© we et ee es F. interposita Lewis.

distant from — a ce . . F. Lewisiana Grev.

1. F. styriaca Grown. (1880). — V. narrow rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,028 to 0,03; B. 0,005
to 0,oo6 mm. Central nodule elongated. Strie slightly radiate, also at the ends, about 24 (middle)
to 27 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Nav. (Vanheurckia?) styriaca Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XVII f. 7, 8.

Fresh water? .

I have not seen this species, which has the appearance of a small F. rhomboides.

2. F. vulgaris Tuw. (1847). — V. narrow-lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L.
0,05—0,07; B. 0,011 mm. Central nodule elongated. Strie 24 (middle) to 34 (ends) in 0,01 mm.,
slightly radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends. Frustules enclosed in unbranched gelatinous
tubes. — Colletenema vulgaris Tuw. Ann. N. H. (2) I Pl. XI f. 4. W. Sm. B. D. II p. 70 Pl.
LVI f. 351. Grun. Banka D. II f. 15. Nav. dirhynchus Donk. B. D. Pl. V f. 3 (1871) Ehb.?
Kiitz? Vanheurckia vulgaris V. H. Syn. p. 112 Pl. XVII f. 6.

Fresh water: Sweden! Norway! Finland! Saxony! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland (Brun.),
Siberia! Japan! Bengal! Australia (Orara River, Blue mountains etc.)! Tasmania! Ecuador!

Var. asymmetrica Cu. — V. elliptical, asymmetrical, with obtuse ends. Median line excen-
tric, more approximate to the less convex margin. Terminal nodules at some distance from the
ends of the valve. Strie 22 to 30 in 0,01 mm., somewhat radiate in the middle and closer at
the ends, punctate; puncta arranged in longitudinal undulating rows, 19 to 23 in 0,01 mm. —
Pl. V f. 29.

Brackish water: Sierra Leone! Cameroon! Tasmania! Newark N. Jers. fossil (Champlain epoch)!

3. F. rhomboides Exp. (1843). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,07 to 0,16;
B. 0,015 to 0,o3 mm. Central nodule small or elongated. Transverse strie parallel, 23 to 24 in
0,o1 mm.; longitudinal strie 20 to 25 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. rhomboides Eus. Am. III: 1 f. 15?
W. Su. B. D. I Pl. XVI f. 129. Gruyn. Banka D. Pl. ID f. 14. Vanheurckia rhomb. Brus. Ann.
Soc. phyto. et micr. de Belgique Vol. I p. 204 (1868). V. H. Syn. p. 112 Pl. XVII f. 1, 2.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland (from Russian Lapland to Abo)! England! Belgium (V. H.),
Bengal! Australia (Daintree River, Blue Mountains)! New Zealand! Greenland! Canada! Sierra
Nevada! White Mountains! Demerara River! Brazil!

Var. lineolata Eup. (1843). — V. with several coarse longitudinal furrows. — N. lineolata
Exus. Am. Pl. J: 3 f. 4a? M. G. Pl. XVI: 1 f. 3 ete.

Fresh water: Sweden (Degernis, fossil)! Bengal! New Zealand, fossil!

Var. oregonica Cu. — V. narrow. L. 0,1; B. 0,015 mm. Transverse striz 30, longitudinal
25 in 0,01 mm. ;

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:o 2. 123

Var. amphipleuroides Gruy. (1880). — L. 0,13; B. 0,02 mm. Central nodule elongated; median
line slightly excentric. Transverse strize 23, longitudinal striae 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. — Van-
heurckia rhomb. var. amphipl. Grun. A. D. p. 47 Pl. IIT f. 59.

Fresh water: Finland (Russian Lapland, Ladoga)! Mouth of Jenissey! Vancouver Island
(Grove Coll.)!

Var. saxonica Rasu. (1851). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,07; B. 0,013
to 0,o2 mm. Striz fine, 34 to 35 (V. H. Syn.). -- Frustulia saxonica Rasu. (Bac. exc. N:o 42.
Fl. E. Alg. p. 227). Grun. Banka D. Pl. I f. 13. Nav. crassinervia Bris. in W. Sm. B. D. p. 47
Pl. XXXII f. 271 (1853). Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 548 Pl. V f. 12. Donx. B. D. p. 42 Pl. VI f. 12.
Vanheurckia crass. Bris. Ann. Soc. phyto. et microgr. de Belgique Vol. I p. 204 (1868).

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagerst.), Beeren Eiland (Lagerst.), Sweden! Finland! Germany!
Australia (Blue Mountains, Daintree River)! New Zealand! Bengal!

Var. viridula Briss. (1849). — Frustules in gelatinous tubes. V. elongated, with broad, obtuse
ends. L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 28 to 30 in 0,01 mm. (V. H.). — Colleton. viridulum
Brés. in Kiitz. Sp. A. p. 105. Vanheurckia virid, Bris. Ann. Soc. phyt. et micr. de Belgique
Vol. I p. 203 (1868). V. H. Syn. p.112 Pl. XVII f. 3. Frustulia torphacea A. Br. in Rabh. Alg.
Sachs. N:o 761 (1858).

Fresh water: Germany! France (Bréb.).

4. KF. interposita Lewis (1865). — V. linear-elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,12
to 0,18; B. 0,025 to 0,027 mm. Central nodule small, terminal nodules small, approximate to the
ends: Transverse strie 20, longitudinal 18 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. interposita Luwis Proc. Ac. Philad.
1865 Pl. If f. 19. Nav. Martonfii Panr. IIT Pl. XVIT f. 247 (1893)?

Brackish water: Sierra Leone! Bombay (Grove Coll.)! Savannah Ga.! Oakland, Calif.! South
America (Lewis), Hungary, Tallya fossil (Grun.).

Var. labuensis Cu. (1883). — Narrow elliptic-lanceolate with obtuse ends. L. 0,065 to 0,072;
B. 0,015 mm. Transverse strie 17; longitudinal 18 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. OW. var. lab.
Cu. Vega p. 496.

Marine: Labuan!

Var. incomperta Lewis (1865). — Transverse striz about 27, longitudinal 22 to 23 in 0,01

mm. — Nav. incomperta Lewis 1. c. f. 20.
Brackish water: Atlantic coasts of U. States (Lewis).
Var. Julient Brun a. Hiri. (1893). — L. 0,07; B. 0,012 to 0,o17 mm. Transverse striz

about 28, longitudinal 20 in 0,01 mm. — JN. Jul. Brun a. Héris. D. d'Auvergne p. 199 Pl. VI f. 8, 9.
Brackish water: Auvergne, fossil!

5. KF. Lewisiana Grev. (1863). —- V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,19 to 0,21;
B. 0,035 to 0,o38 mm. Central nodule small, terminal nodules elongated and linear, at some distance
from the ends. Transverse striz parallel in the middle, convergent at the ends, 24 in 0,01 mm.
Longitudinal strie 25 in 0,01 mm. irregularly undulating. — Nav. n. sp. Lewis Proced. Ac. Nat.
Sc. Phil. Pl. IT f. 3 (1861). Nav. Lewis. Grev. T. M. 8. XI p. 15 Pl. I f. 7 (1863). Vanheurckia
Lewisiana Bris. Ann. Soc. phytol. et microgr. Belgique Vol. I p. 202 (1868).

Brackish water: Sierra Leone! Cameroon! India (Wallich), Batavia! Sendai, Japan, fossil!
Brazil (Brun Coll.)! Florida and Georgia (Lewis).

Stenoneis Cui. N. Gen.

Valve narrow, with rounded ends. Central and terminal nodules very small. Median line
indistinct, bordered by two strong linear silicious ribs. Structure: fine, transverse, strie. Axial

area indistinct.

124 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

This genus includes one species only, which I cannot place in any other group. The thick
lines on both sides of the median line seem to point to some relation to Frustulia.

1. S. inconspicua Grue. (1857). — V. linear, frequently gibbous in the middle, with broad,
rounded ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,007 mm. Central nodule very small; terminal nodules small, some-
what distant from the ends. Median line bordered by two strong, siliceous ribs. Axial area
indistinct. Central area a broad, transverse fascia. Striz 26 in 0,01 mm., parallel throughout.
— N.? inconspicua Grua. D. of Clyde p. 478 Pl. IX f. 3. MW. Fistula A. S. N.S. D. Pl II f. 29
(1874). Stenon. incomp. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 28.

Marine: North Sea! Scotland (Greg.), Bohuslin! Balearic Islands!

Var. Baculus Cu. (1883). — L. 0,065; B. 0,007 mm. Striz 19 in 0,01 mm., crossed in the
middle by a narrow lateral area. — N. Baculus Cu. Vega p. 474 Pl. XXXVII f. 51.

Marine: North Siberian Sea, Cape Wankarema!

Cistula Cu. N. G.

Valve broad (of the only known species, rectangular). Central nodule very small.. Median
line between two siliceous ribs; its central pores very approximate. Structure: slightly radiate
striz, crossed by several longitudinal, blank bands.

This group contains but one species, which 1 am unable to place in any other. The peculiar
form of the median line is nearly the same as in Stenoneis and Frustulia.

1. €. Lorenziana Grun. (1860). — V. rectangular, sometimes slightly gibbcus in the middle
and at the ends. Strie slightly radiate throughout, 17 in 0,01 mm., composed of elongated puncta,
arranged in regular longitudinal rows, 12 in 0,01 mm., angularly bent in the middle. — Nav. Lo-
renziana Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 547 Pl. III f. 3. Nav.? Cistella Grev. T. M.S. XI p. 19 Pl I
fig. 12 to 14 (1863). Cistula Lor. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 81.

Marine: South coast of England (Roper), Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Queensland (Grev.)!
Port Jackson! Campeachy Bay!

Brebissonia Grun. (1860).

Valve symmetrical, lanceolate or subrhomboid. Central nodule elongated. Terminal fissures
almost straight. No longitudinal lines. Structure: coarse, transverse, costate strie and very fine
puncta arranged in very fine longitudinal strie. Connecting zone simple. Cell-contents: a single
chromatophore-plate as in Cymbella.

The only species of this genus was in 1838 described by EHRENBERG as Cocconema Boeckit.
It was in 1853 placed by W. Smiru in the genus Doryphora together with Rhaphoneis amphiceros.
Grunow in 1860 formed for this species the genus Brebissonia (Verh. 1860 p. 512), principally
characterized by the occurence of the symmetrical frustules on gelatinous stalks. Hxrpere in 1863
placed it in Navicula, a genus to which it has scarcely any affinity, and from which, according to
the researches of Prirzer (Bau u. Entw. p. 76) it differs greatly in its cell-contents, which are
similar to those of Cymbella. There is no doubt good reason for placing it in the separate genus
Brebissonia. By its elongated central nodule it seems to approach to Amphipleara, but the
structure of the valve is different, and is more like that of the group Lineolate in the Navicule.
It is at any rate an isolated form of doubtful place in the system. The only known species occurs
in brackish water attached by gelatinous stalks to water-plants.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:0 2. 125

1. B. Boeckii Ens. (1838). — Frustule stipitate. V. lanceolate. L. 0,12; B. 0,023 mm.
Central nodule elongated. Terminal fissures straight, at a short distance from the ends. Striz 10
(middle) to 13 (ends), radiate at the ends. Puncta of the exterior stratum forming fine lineole,
about 30 in 0,01 mm. — Cocconema Boeckii Eus. Inf. Pl. XIX f. 5. Doryphora Boeckii W. Sm.
B. D. Pl. XXIV f. 223. Brebissonia Boeckii Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 512.

Brackish water: Baltic (from Roslagen and Bay of Finland to Kiel)! Coasts of England!
Connecticut to North Carolina!

Var. minor Cu. — L. 0,058; B. 0,016 mm. Striz in the middle 12, at the ends 15 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: Amsterdam (Kinker Coll.)!

Amphipleura Kirz (1844).

Valve elongated, fusiform or linear, without longitudinal lines or ridges. Central nodule
elongated into a rib, extending throughout the whole valve, furcate towards the ends. Struc-
ture: very fine puncta arranged in parallel, transverse and straight longitudinal striew. Cell-
contents: two endochrome-plates along the inside of the connecting zone. Median plasma-mass
distinct. On conjugating two cells give origin to two auxospores (»Berkeleya Dillwynii» Liiders
Beob. p. 59).

The genus Amphipleura was founded in 1844 by Kirzine (Bac. p. 103) for Frustulia pellu-
cidu, known already by him in 1833. Nitzchia Sigma, under the name of Amphipleura rigida, was
also included in the new genus. According to Kirzine and all later authors (compare the ideal
section in Van Heurck synopsis Pl. XVII f. 14 A) the valve of Amphipleura has on both sides of
the axis an elevated line or ridge, which I have always failed to discover. Certain small forms
of Amphipleura live in gelatinous tubes, and for these the genera Berkeleya Grev. (1827), Rhaphi-
dogloea (Kitz. 1844) were founded. They have also been included in Schizonema, Micromega,
Bangia, Monema. Conferva etc., but there is no more reason for separating these forms from Amphi-
pleura than for distinguishing Encyonema, Endosigma, Endostauron, Schizonema and Colletonema
from Cymbella, Gyrosigma, Navicula and Frustulia. The frustules of the forms living in tubes
are exactly similar to those of the true Amphipleura, only smaller. The shape of the gelatinous
tubes is in my opinion of little importance. GRunow in 1880 (Bot. Centralblatt) wrote an elaborate
monograph of these forms, to which I refer.

The diatoms most nearly akin to Amphipleura are to be found in the genus Frustulia. In
this genus one meets with forms, having a small central nodule and obscure median line, enclosed
between two, strong interior silicious ridges, forming at the ends of the valve a »porte-crayon»-
shaped figure. In some forms the central nodule becomes fused together with the siliceous ridges.
If the fusion extends farther, we get the forms of the central nodule, characterizing Amphipleura.
The »forks» in Amphipleura correspond to the »port-crayons» in Frustulia and to the »horns» in
Diploneis. Another genus, to a certain degree akin to Amphipleura is Brebissonia. Perhaps the
curious and isolated Hydrosilicon Brun, (Amphiprora rimosa O'Mzara) may be a distant relative.
Amphipleura Debyi appears in some respects to be intermediate.

All species of Amphipleura, except A. Debyi, are nearly related, have the same important
characteristics, and differ only in the size, some slight differences in the outline, the length of
the forks, and number of striz. They inhabit fresh as well as brackish or salt water. Fresh-
water forms are larger, live free or enclosed in mucous, amorphous masses, the marine live enclosed
in tubes. Of the freshwater-forms those living in warmer or tropical countries are the largest
and in structure coarsest.

126 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

1. Smaller, marine or brackish forms, enclosed in gelatinous tubes (Berkeleya, Raphidogloea). '

1. A. rutilans Trenrzpoun (1806). — V. short and narrow, obtuse, linear-elliptical or linear-
lanceolate. L. 0,015 to 0,035; B. 0,004 to 0,oo6 mm. Forks about 1/; as long as the length of
the valve. Strie 28 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate at the ends. — Conferva rutilans TRENv. in

Roth Cat. HI p. 179. Berkeleya Dillwynii V. H. Syn. p. 113 Pl XVI f. 15. Schizonema Dillw.
W. Sm. B. D. IL p. 77 Pl. LVIII f. 366. Berkel. obtusa V. H. Syn. Lc. f. 16 and var.
adriatica f. 17, 18. !

Brackish and marine: Baltic (Gulf of Bothnia, at Torneé, Gotland, Bay of Finland)! Caspian
Sea (Grun.)! North Sea, English Channel! Mediterranean Sea! Japan!

Var. antarctica (Harw.) Grun. 1881. — Striew 36 in 0,01 mm. — Berkel. antarct. GRuN. in
V. H. Syn. Pl. XVI f. 20. Berk. Harveyana Grun. 1. c. 14. Berk. parasitica Grun. 1. c. f. 19.
Berk. finnica Danner. Baltic D. Pl. II f. 19 (1882)?

Marine: North Sea (Grun.), Falklands Islands (Grun.), Friendly Islands (Grun.).

2. A. micans Lyne. (1819). — V. linear, with broad and rounded ends, elongated. L. 0,065
to 0,125; B. 0,01 mm. Forks more than 1/, of the length of the valve. Striz about 27 in 0,01
mm. — Bangia micans Lynas. Tentamen hydrophytol. p. 84 Pl. XXV. Berkeleya mic. Grun. in
V. H. Syn. p. 113 Pl. XVI f. 11. Berk. pumila V. H. Syn. 1. c. f. 18. Berk. adriatica Grun. in
T. R. M. 8. 1877 p. 180 Pl. CXCV f. 15.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea (Grun.), Adriatic (Grun.).

Var. fragilis (Grev.) Gruy. — Strie 32 to 36 in 0,01 mm. — Berkel. fragilis Grev. Scot.
Crypt. Fl. Pl. 294. V. H. Syn. Pl. XVI f. 12.

Marine: North Sea (Grun.), Mediterranean Sea (Grun.).

2. Larger, brackish or freshwater forms, free or in mucous masses (Amphipleura).

3. A. pellucida Kirz. (1833). -- V. fusiform, acute. L. 0,08 to 0,14; 0,007 to 0,009 mm.
Forks 0,02 mm. Transverse striz 387 in 0,01 mm. — Frustulia pelluc. Kitz. Linnea VIII Pl. 13
f. 11. Dec. N:o 83 (1834) accord. to Lagerst. A. pellucida Ktrz. Bac. p. 103 (1844). W. Sm.
B. D. XV f. 127. Grun. Verh. 1862 p. 154. Grun. T. R. M. S. 1877 p. 179. V. H. Syn. p. 113
Pl. XVII f. 14, 15 A.

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Baltic (Gotland, Dannf. Tornea!), Sweden (Malaren,
Vestergétland)! Finland! Belgium (V. H.), England (W. Sm.), Austria (Grun.), Switzerland (Brun.),
Japan! :

Var. brasiliensis Cu. — L. 0,009; B. 0,01 mm. Forks 0,015 to 0,03 mm. Transverse strie
33, longitudinal 27 in 0,01 mm. — A. Lindheimert Grun. in Cl. M, D. N:o 298.

Fresh water: Brazil! Ecuador!

Var. Lindheimeri Grun. (1862). — L. 0,15 to 0,16; B, 0,024 mm. Forks 0,036 mm. Terminal
nodules short, rounded. Transverse striz 26, longitudinal 26 in 0,01 mm. — A. Lindheim. Grun.
Verh. 1862 p. 155 Pl. XIII f. 11. T. R. M. S. 1877 p. 179 Pl. CXCV Ff. 13.

Fresh water: Texas (Grun.), Costa Rica (Grove).

Var. intermedia Grun. (1877). — L. 0,019 to 0,2; B. 0,013 to 0,015 mm. Forks 0,044 mm.
Terminal nodules short rounded. Strize somewhat finer than in var. Lindheimeri. — Grun. T. R.
M. S. 1877 p. 179.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil (Grun.).

Var. oregonica Grun. (1877). — 0,33; B. 0,027 mm. Forks 0,063 mm. Terminal nodules
elongated, linear. Striz as in var. Lindheimeri. — Grun. 1. c. p. 179.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil (Grun.).

1 See GRuNows Monograph in Bot. Centralblatt 1880 N:o 47/,,.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 197

Var. maxima H. L. Smrru (1886). — L. 0,37; B. 0,04 mm. Forks 0,01 mm. Strie 32 in
0,o1 mm. — A. maxima Wa.xer and Chase N. R. D. p. 2 Pl. II f. 5.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil.

Var. Truani V. H. — V. fusiform, acute. L. 0,26; B. 0,023 mm. Forks 0,006 mm. Terminal
nodules elongated. Transverse and longitudinal striz 26 in 0,01 mm. — A. Lindheimeri var. Truani
V. H. T. Nio 166. Truan D. Astur. Pl. II f. 34, 35 (according to De Toni). A. pell. var. Tr.
Icon. n. Pl. VI (Part. I] Pl. I) f. 1.

Fresh water: Spain!

Var. recta Kirton (1884). — V. linear, with gently cuneate ends. L. 0,226; B. 0,019 mm.
Forks 0,05 mm. Terminal nodules elongated. Strie 26 in 0,01 mm. — Krrron J. Quekett M. C.
(2) II p. 21 Pl. IV f. 4.

Marine: Japan (Kitton).

Var. Schumannii Grun. (1877). — L. 0,18 to 0,02; B. 0,014 mm. Strive 16 in 0,01 mm. —
A, pellucida Scuum. Preuss. D. II N. p. 53 PL If. 9. A. Schum. Grun. T. R. M. S. 1877 p. 180.

Brackish water: Baltic (Schum.)

4. A. Weissflogii Grun. (1877). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,19 to 0,25; B. 0,012
to 0,013; Forks 0,06 to 0,o8 mm. Striz 25 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. T. R. M.S. 1877 p. 180 Pl. CXCV f. 14.
Fresh water: Oregon, fossil (Grun.).

5. A. hungarica Pant. (1889). — V. narrow fusiform, obtuse. L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,014 mm.
Forks a third as long as the valve. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. — Berkeleya hung. Pant. II p. 55
Pl. EX £. 168,

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

A similar form, but with a longitudinal line (?) on each side of the median line is Berkeleya
neogradensis Pant. III Pl. XXXVI f. 508 (1898).

6. A. Debyi Lzup. Forrm. (1892). — V. gibbous in the middle and with very long and
narrow protracted ends, of unequal length. IL. 0,22; B. 0,02 mm. Forks very elongated. Margin
of the valve with coarse »pearls» (loculi?). Strie not seen. — Lup. Forrm. D. de la Malaisie
p- 22 Pl. II f. 10.

Marine: Sumatra (Leud. Fortm.).

I have had no opportunity of examing this very curious diatom, which to judge from the
figure seems.to have a loculiferous marginal rim as in Mastogloia.

Naviculee Mesoleize Cu.

Valve symmetrical, linear to elliptical, with usually obtuse or rostrate ends. Axial area
narrow or indistinct. Central area large, quadrate, or a transverse fascia. Striz usually fine,
punctate and radiate throughout. Connecting zone not complex.

This Section comprises a number of usually small forms, inhabiting fresh, rarely salt water.
By N. Pupula and N. bacilliformis this section is closely connected with Navicule bacillares.
There is also some relation between some species of this group and of the section Navicule punctate.

Artificial key.

1 Valve constricted in the middle .. ..... 2... .- eee eee N. binodis Ens.

: { — not — _ Sl ee ee ae ey Bs a bo! Lae Bde ss 2.

2 Length about 0.12 mm. ....... eS ee gy . .N. Szaboi Pant.
, _ — 004 mm.orless.... «2... . Leis sie er 3.

3 Terminal nodules with lateral expansions .... . : ee N. Pupula Kurz.
i { = —- without — _ oe f. dhe iis ee pas aye og 14,

128 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

4 ees area reaching nearly to the margin... 2. 1 1 ee ee et te es ‘B.
= not more than half the breadth of the valve ........ 9.

5. ee Valve trochiform ccs Geisha “Re deen. pegs ... WN. Lagerheimii Cu.
elliptical ©. .. ae St. AS Sule te Gx ke ie WB:
6. ae area with a single rionertnl aan é Pek bok Sy chee
— without — _— rh aS ; heath hatdennty So 8.

7. eee stria on one side only... ....... rig . N. asymmetrica Pant.

— — both sides ............ wo. .. . NM. ulvacea BERKEL.

8. res 20 in 0,01 mm. bth a, tats GNIRT OY elas ... MN. obliqua Gree.

— 27 Se Se es page ake” “BN eG . ... . NM. Roteana Rasa.

9. ke area with a stigma ..... og as Brae ee 2. 2) NM. mutica Kirz.
— withott — ...... ia: gy boa ae OG ey Ye AQ;

10. ‘hae capitate. ... i ee .. . N. Heufleriana Grun.
— not —... a Ser ee a 11.

Length about Gyn mm. or more , ‘ . . .N. bacilliformis Grun.

11. {= — 0,025 mm. : Ms eke. Geese tees See N. Haradag Pant.
0.014 to 0,o2 mm. or less ... . ‘ by atlas bce tne ears 12.
19. oo rostrate o. 2 elated & oo os ees 48 13.
— rounded... Go a a gg sD:

13. ia biconstricted . . . Waa Teas, de .. . N. nivalis Exp.
elliptical to lanceolate... .... Me (aindheGente > seecersesae 14.

14. ee distinct 20240 © 2 8 a eae « te BME Be Sh se es N. Kotschyi Gron.

— very delicate .. ee a ae a N. depressa Cu.

15 ais centrally gibbous ww we N. Seminulum Gron.

: — not — _ Gee mapa: senna age ature as . a. . NM. minima Gron.

1. N. minima Grun. (1880). — V. linear with broad rounded ends. L. 0,015; B. 0,0045
mm. Central area small, quadrate. Strie 26 in 0,01 mm., more distant in the middle of the valve,
radiate throughout. — N. minutissima Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 552 Pl. IV f. 2. N. minima Grun. in
V. H. Syn. p. 107 Pl. XIV f. 15, 16. N. Saugerri var. Grun. in V. H.8. £16 b. Synedra pusilla
Kitz. (according to Grun.).

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

Var. atomoides Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical. L. 0,008; B. 0,004 mm. Striz 27 to 30 in
0,01 mm. — N. atomoides Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 12—14.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

2. N. Seminulum Grun. (1860). — V. sublinear, gibbous in the middle, with broad, sub-
truncate ends. L. 0,015; B. 0,004 mm. Central area quadrate, not very large. Striz 20 in 0,01
mm., radiate throughout. — N. Seminulum Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 552 Pl. IV f. 3. Laest. Spitsb.
D. Pl. Wf. 9. V. H. Syn. p. 107 Pl. XIV f. 8, 9. N. Saugerri Dzsmaz in V. H. Syn. f. 8 a’.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Sweden (Bollnds in Helsingland,
Koén in Bohuslin)! Belgium (V. H.), Japan! Greenland!

Var. fragilarioides Grun. (1880). — Striz somewhat coarser. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. f. 10.

3. N. Rotwana Rasu. (1852). — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,013 to 0,024; B. 0,006
to 0,oos mm. Central area large and broad, reaching near to the margin. Terminal fissures of
the median line in contrary direction. Strie about 28 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. — Stauro-
neis Roteana Rasy. Hepw. I p. 103 Pl. XIII f. 7 (1852). Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 565 PI. VI f. 14.
Stauron. minutissima Laast. Spetsb. D. p. 39 Pl. I f. 13 (1873). Stauron. ovalis Grea. M. J. IV
Pl. I f. 36 (1856). Stauron. Cohnit Brun D. des Alpes p. 91 Pl. IX f. 10 (1880). Navic. Roteana
V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 17—19.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Ldt), Sweden! Finland! Austrian alps (Grun.).

Var. excentrica Grun. (1880). — Median line somewhat excentric. — Grun. in V. H. Syn.
XIV f. 20.

Var. oblongella Grun. (1880). — Valve narrow elliptical. — Grun. in V. H. S. XIV f. 21.
Nav. oblongella Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 551 Pl. IV f. 4?

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 129

4, N. Haradaw Pant. (1893). — V. broadly elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,025;
B. 0,618 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area large, somewhat transverse, half as broad as
the valve. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. — Panv. III Pl. VI f. 100.

Habitat? »Sentenai» (Pant.).

5. N. depressa Cx. (1891). — V. elliptical, with rostrate ends. L. 0,022; B. 0,009 mm.
Surface of the valve depressed between the margin and the longitudinal and transverse area.
Central area about '/, of the breadth of the valve. Striz 27 in 0,01 mm., more distant (about 24
in 0,01 mm.) in the middle, slightly radiate, especially near the ends. — Cu. D. of Finl. p. 35
Pi, IF £4,

Fresh water: Sweden, Areskutan in Jamtland! Wernamo, fossil! Finland (Imandrian Lap-
land, Suomenniemi, fossil)!

6. N. binodis Eup. (1840). — V. strongly constricted in the middle, with rostrate-capitate
ends. LL. 0,025; B. 0,oo8 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small. Strize about 30 in 0,01
mm., sligthly radiate. — Ens. Ber. 1840 p. 18. W. Sm. B. D. I p. 53 Pl. XVII f. 159. Grow.
Verh. 1860 p. 551 Pl. II f. 42. Donx. B. D. p. 388 Pl. VI f. 3. V. H. Syn. p. 108, Suppl. Pl. B. f. 33.
Fresh water: England (Sm.), Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Japan!

7. N. (Dickieia) ulvacea Brerxx. (1844). — V. linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,025
to 0,035; B. 0,oo8 to 0,o12 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area a narrow, transverse fascia
furcate at the margin. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate at the ends. Frustules in leaf-like,
flat and stipitate gelatinous mass, in length about 1 to 5 cm. — Dickicta ulv. BERKu. in Kiitz.
Bac. p. 119. V. H. Syn. Pl. XVI f. 10.

Marine: Scotland (Dickie), Ireland (O’Meara), Balearic Islands!

8. N. asymmetrica Pant. (1893). — V. narrow elliptical, obtuse. L. 0,025; B. 0,01 mm.
Central area a broad fascia, reaching the margins, where is, unilaterally, in the middle of the area
a single stria. Strie radiate, 19 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. III Pl. VII f. 110.

Habitat? »Sentenai» (Pant.).

9. N. mutica Kitz (1844). — V. of variable shape, elliptic-lanceolate, frequently with un-
dulated margins. L. 0,013 to 0,033; B. 0,007 to 0,01; mm. Axial area narrow. Central area
large, transversely dilated, with an isolated punctum on one side of the central nodule. Striz 18
to 20 in 0,01 mm. radiate at the ends, distinctly punctate. A few of the median striz shorter
than the rest. — Kitz Bac. p. 93 Pl. III f. 32 (according to Arnott). Grun. A. D. p. 40.

‘'Forma Cohnit H1ise (1860). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rounded ends. — Stauron. Cohnii
Hitse Beitr. p. 83. N. mutica v. Coh. V. H. Syn. p. 95 Pl. X f. 17. Stauron. polymorpha Laast.
Spitsb. D. p. 39 Pl. I f. 12.

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Belgium (V. H.), Bengal! Daintree River, Australia! Lost
Spring: Ranch, Calif.!

Forma Géppertiana Burtscu (1861). — V. lanceolate. — Stawroneis Semen Enz. M. G. XXXVIIT
A 20 f. 1 (1854)? Stauron. Géppertiana Buntsch Rabh. A. E. N:o 1183 (1861). Nav. mutica
Gron. Verh. 1860 p. 588 Pl. V f. 16. Stawron. Cohnii Scuum. Tatra p. 78 Pl. IV f. 61. N. mut.
v. Goppertiana V. H. Syn. p. 95 Pl. X f. 18, 19.

Fresh or brackish water: Belgium (V. H.), Nova Scotia! West Indies! Ecuador!

Forma producta Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with broad, truncate ends. — Grun. A. D. p. 41.

Forma ventricosa Kitz (1844). — V. inflated, with capitate ends. L. 0,016 to 0,022; B. 0,06
to 0,08 mm. Strize 17 in 0,01 mm. — Stauron. ventric. Kiirz Bac. p. 105 Pl. XXX f. 27. Gree.
M. J. IV Pl. I f 10 (1856). Nav. (St.) vent. V. H. Syn. p. 96 Pl. IV f. 1 b.

Brackish water: Argentina!

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. Band 26. Nio 2. 17

130 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Peguana Grun. (1879). — V. lanceolate, slightly triundulate with subacute ends. L.
0,04; B. 0,01 mm. Strize in the middle 15 at the ends 20 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Cl. M. D. N:o 188.

Brackish water: Bengal! '

Var. Legumen Ou. — V. linear, triundulate, with cuneate, acute ends. L. 0,035; B. 0,009
mm. Strie 21 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Surinam!

Forma undulata Hise (1860). — V. with three to four undulations on the margins. —
Stauroneis undulata Hise Beitr. p. 83. Nav. mutica v. undulata Grun. A. D. p. 41. V. H. Syn.
p. 95 BL Xf 206

Brackish water: South Africa! Ecuador!

N. mutica is a very variable species, having the appearance of a Stauroneis, under a low
power. All varieties have the unilateral isolated punctum in the area.

10. N. Kotsehyii Gruy. (1860). — V lanceolate, rostrate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,0136 to
0,022; B. 0,0054 to 0,oo68 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area large transversely dilated, without
an isolated punctum. Strize 19 to 23 in 0,01 mm., closer near the ends, radiate, distinctly punctate.
— Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 588 Pl. IV f. 12. A. D. p. 41. Nav. Kotschyana V. H. Syn. Pl. X fi 22.

Fresh water, hot springs: Buda-Pest!

11. N. Heufleriana Grun. — V. inflated, with large capitate and flattened ends. L. 0,0244
to 0,032; B. 0,008 to 0,009 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area large, almost quadrate, with-
out an isolated punctum. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm. — Stauron. Heufleriana Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 155
Pl. IV f. 10. St. Heufleri. V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. la.

Fresh water: Tyrol (Grun.).

This form is very nearly connected with N. mutica var. ventricosa, almost only difference
being absence of an isolated punctum in the central area.

12. N. nivalis Eup. (1854). — V. with triundulate margins and rostrate-truncate ends.
L. 0,0122 to 0,018; B. 0,oo54 mm. Axial area indistinct, central area large, rounded-quadrate,
without an isolated punctum. Striz 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. radiate to the ends and composed of
distinct puncta, 18 to 24 in 0,01 mm. — Ens. M. G. XXXII B. af. 5. N. quinquenodis Grun.
Verh. 1860 p. 522 Pl. III f. 33. Verh. 1863 p. 149 Pl. IV f. 9. Cu. D. of Finland p. 33 PI. II
f. 5. N. undosa Donx. B. D. p. 37 Pl. VI f. 1 (1871). 2

Fresh water: Sweden (Upsala)! Finland! Belgium (V. H.), Briinn (Grun.), Blue Mountains,
Australia!

13. N. obliqua Gree. (1856). — V. broad, elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,04; B. 0,016 mm. Median
line slightly sigmoid, with the ends in contrary directions. Axial area very narrow or indistinct;
central area a broad transverse fascia, almost reaching to the margin, where it becomes somewhat
wider. Stria 21 in 0,01 mm., in the middle a little more distant, almost parallel, distinctly
punctate; puncta about 21 in 0,01 mm., arranged in somewhat undulating longitudinal rows. —'
Stauroneis obliqua Grea. M. J. IV p. 11 Pl. If. 85. M. odl. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 26.

Fresh water: Scotland (Loch Leven) Greg., Engl. Windermere, Grove Coll.! Sweden, bottom-
mud from Vettern!

Greeory’s figure shews no structure and a decided sigmoid bent of the median line. The
above description is from a specimen in Groves collection, which perfectly agrees with the descrip-
tion of Gregory. On original specimens from Loch Leven in Deby’s collection I could not distinctly
see the sigmoid flexure of the median line. Neither could I find the median line sigmoid on
specimens from Abo (Diat. of Finl. p. 34 Pl. III f. 1), Oregon and the mouth of the J enissey. Having
had no opportunity of reexamining these specimens I am unable to state whether I am guilty of
a mistake on this point, or these forms represent a variety with straight median line. In all cases
the above description refers to a specimen, doubtless identical with Stauroneis obliqua Gruc.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 131

14. N. Szaboi Pant. (1889). — V. linear elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,123; B. 0,029
mm. Central area large, dilated outwards. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. parallel, convergent at the ends,
punctate, puncta forming longitudinal rows. — Panv. II p. 54 Pl. VI f. 120.

Brackish water: Hungary fossil (Pant.).

This species is unknown to me and I have placed it with some hesitation in this section
as it seems to be most nearly related to N. obliqua.

15. N. Lagerheimii Cu. N. Sp. — V. rhomboid, very dilated in the middle, with truncate
ends. L. 0,027 to 0,033; B. 0,013 to 0,014 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area a broad
transverse fascia, reaching nearly to the margin, without an isolated punctum. Striz 18 in 0,01
mm., radiate at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water (moist rocks): Ecuador, Pichincha!

This species has the outline of Anomoeoneis Follis and is remarkable for its large central
area. The central nodule seems to be stauroid.

16. N. bacilliformis Gruy. (1880). — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends, frequently some-
what gibbous in the middle and at the ends. L. 0,032 to 0,045; B. 0,009 to 0,01 mm. Central area
rectangular, half as broad as the valve. Strie 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. at the middle, 20 to 22 in
0,o1 mm. at the ends, where they are radiate and curved. — Grun. A. D. p. 44 Pl. II f. 51.
V. iH. S. Pl. XIII f. 11. Pan. JIT Pl. III f. 49.

Fresh water: Norway, Dovre (Grun.), Finland! Australian Alps (Riewa Lagoons)! Ecuador!

17. N. Pupula Kirz. (1844). ~- V. linear, frequently gibbous in the middle, with broad,
rounded or subtruncate ends. L. 0,022 to 0,037; B. 0,007 to 0,oo9 mm. Terminal nodules with
two lateral expansions. Central area about '/, as broad as the valve, quadrate. Striz 13 to 15
jn 0,01 mm. at the middle, 22 to 23 in 0,01 mm. at the ends, radiate at the ends, very finely
punctate. — Kurz. Bac. p. 93 Pl. XXX f. 40. MN. Pup. var. genuina Grun. A. D. p. 45 Pl. II
f. 538. V. H. Syn. p. 106 Pl. XU f 15, 16. Stawroneis Wittrock Lot. Spitsb. D. p. 38 Pl. IT
f. 15 (1873) (perhaps N. bacilliformis). Stauroneis tatrica Gutwinsky Mat. fl. Galicyi 1890 p. 24
Pl. I f. 20 (perhaps N. bacilliformis)? Schizostauron? tatric. De Tont Notarisia 1890 p. 196.

Fresh water: Spitzbergen! Sweden! Finland! Norway! Belgium! England! Bengal! Austra-
lian Alps! Japan! New Zealand! Sandwich Islands! South Africa! Greenland! Kansas! Argentina!
Ecuador!

Var. rectangularis Gree. (1854). — V. linear with broad, subrostrate ends. — Stauroneis
rectangularis Gree. M. J. Il Pl. IV f. 17. N. Pup. v. rect. Grun. A. D. p. 45.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.).

Var. bacillaroides Grun. (1880). — V. linear with rounded ends. — Grun. A. D. p. 45.

Navicule Entoleiz Cu.

Valve symmetrical, linear-lanceolate or fusiform to elliptical, rarely constricted. Median
line with somewhat distant. central pores. Axial and central areas combined in a more or less
broad, lanceolate space. Strie fine, finely punctate, radiate at the ends. Connecting zone not
complex.

This section comprises forms in some respects intermediate between those of the sections Nav.
microstigmatice and Nav. levistriate. Some of them appear to -be: related to the Nav. fusiformes,
but differ in the more distant :central pores and in the axial area.

The species of this section partly inhabit fresh, and partly salt water. Some of the small
fresh-water species usually grow in filaments, and are then called Diadesmis.

132

[x]

18.

1. N. contenta Grun. (1880). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle, with broad capitate ends.
L. 0,007 to 0,01; B. 0,002 to 0,oo25 mm. Axial area narrow, linear, slightly dilated in the middle.
Strie almost parallel 36 in 0,01 mm. — N. trinodis V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 31 a.

{
ie
le
ce
ie
ie
He
He
Te
le
ie
ie
ic
sles
|
“b=
te
ie

Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Small forms.
Larger —
Strie 13 to 16 in 0,01 mm.
much finer
Strie nearly parallel .
radiate
Strie about x in 0,01 mm.

Valve ctioos in the middle

Valve sublinear
subelliptical

Valve with undulated margins

non
Valve elliptical with rounded
lanceolate or fusiform
Terminal fissures in contrary
— the same
Puncta twice as close as the
as close as the strie
Valve broadly lanceolate . .
narrow

Artificial key.

L. 0,02 mm. or less
L. 0,04 or more

anil at the sini oP blag Be are
but not at the ends

ends

direction

strie

or fusiform

Puncta nee straight, longitudinal rows

undulating
Area eo ay
narrow
Strie e in 0,01 mm.

Valve mile
obtuse

Valve fusiform
narrow iniiewelate
Strie radiate in the ends
almost parallel
Striez »crossed by two lines»
not

Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 109.

Fresh water (on moist rocks and mosses): Sweden (Trollhattan)! Finland (Abo)! Belgium

(V. H.), Salzburg! Amsterdam Island!

Var. biceps Arnott Ms. — V. not gibbous in the middle. — Diadesmis biceps Annort (accor-

Be G9 8

N. Scutum v. H.

. N. infirma Gron.

. N. confervacea Ktrz.
hee eS 5.

N. contenta Grun..
he cath et ee Oh

N. Flotowii Grun.

N. perpusilla GRun.

N. ee Pant.

« « 2 bh
. N. fallax Cu.
BS dos AOS
' : . N. Beta Cu.
N. Hochstetteri Grun.
. 12.
ott en AGE,
. N. Iota Cu.
. 18.
14.
Eeaesae we DE
N. semitecta A. S.
. N. occidentalis Cu.

_N. definita Grove a. Sturt.

N. mocsarensis Pant.

N. Béumleri Pant.
N. Kappa Cu.
17.

N. Foliola Brun a. Temp.
N. monmouthiana Gron.
2a 9 18)

LN. fusoides Groun.
N. inornata Grun.

ding to Grun.). Nav. trinodis var. biceps V. H. Syn. XIV f. 31 b.
Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Ecuador!

2. N. (Diadesmis) Flotowii Grun. (1880).
L. 0,015; B. 0,004 mm. Area narrow, lanceolate.

ends.

V. H. Syn. p. 109 Pl. XIV f. 41.
Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), France (V. H. T.).

V. narrow, lanceolate, with broad, obtuse
Strie radiate, 35 in 0,01 mm. —

N. contenta

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wnio 2. 133

3. N. perpusilla Grun. (1860). — V. subelliptical, gibbous in the middle and with broad,
subtruncate ends. L. 0,012; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Area lanceolate, narrow. Strie about 30 in
0,01 mm., radiate throughout. — Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 552 PLIVf.7. V.H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 22, 23.

Fresh water (on moist rocks, earth etc.): Scotland (Aberdeen)! Sweden (Taberg in Smaland)!
Finland (Lapland to Abo)! Arctic America!

4. N. (Diadesmis) confervacea Kitz (1844). — V. thick, lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,02; B.
0,005 to 0,oo7 mm. Area lanceolate. Strie 20 to 22 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, finely
punctate. Frustules cohering in long bands. — Kirz Bac. p. 109 Pl. XXX f. 8. Grun. Novara
p- 21 Pl. If. 19. ™. (Diad.) conf. V. H. Syn. XIV f. 36.

Fresh water, tropics: Jamaica! Rio Janeiro! Marquesas Island! Sandwich Islands!

Var. peregrina W. Sm. (1861). — V. elliptical. L. 0,012 to 0,015; B. 0,006 to 0,oo65 mm.
Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. ~~ Diadesmis peregrina Prircu Inf. p. 923. Grun. Novara Pl. I f. 20.
Nav. confervacea var. peregrina, et hungarica Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 37, 38.

Fresh water: Rangoon! Australian Alps (Riewa Lagoon)! Tahiti (Grun.), Jamaica! Ecuador!

5. N. Seutum (Scuum.?) V. H. (1880). — V. narrow elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,03;
B. 0,01 mm. Area narrow, lanceolate, dilated around the central nodule. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm.,
very slightly radiate, finely punctate. — Scuum. Pr. D. p. 188 f. 45 (1862)? V. H. Syn. p. 98
Pl. XI f. 14.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H ).

N. Scutum V. H. and N. infirma Grun. are, as far as I may judge from the descriptions
and the figures, closely akin, the only difference being that the striz of the former are less radiate.
The Nav. Scutwm Scuum. from the Kénigsberg deposit has about the same size, and 14 strie in
0,o1 mm., but no area, so it seems doubtful whether it be the same species as Van Heurck’s. The
Nav. Scutum Scuum. is perhaps a form of Cocconeis Placentula. Another small form of about the
same outline and size and with 15 parallel striz in 0,01 mm., but without area is Nav. ignobilis
Pant. (II p. 48 Pl. XXV f. 367, 1889) from the brackish strata of Kavna, Hungary. A similar
form is N. debilis Pant. III Pl. VI f. 98. Having had no opportunity of examining these forms I
am unable to decide whether or not they are identical.

6. N. infirma Grun. (1882) — V. linear elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,02; B. 0,007 mm.
Area narrow, lanceolate. Strize 13 (middle) to 17 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout and finely
punctate. — Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 146 Pl. XXX f. 53.

Fresh water: Hungary fossil (Dubravica Grun.).

7. N. inornata Grun. (1880). — V. fusiform, convex. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B.0,o8s mm. Median
line with approximate central pores. Area narrow, lanceolate. Striz 19 to 21 in 0,01 mm. at the
middle, 23 to 24 in 0,01 mm. at the ends, almost parallel. — Grun. A. D. p. 46 Pl. III f. 56.
N. Acus Cu. A. D. p. 14 Pl. TI f. 55. N. Hahnii Putrr Cape Horn D. p. 124 Pl. X f. 11 (1888).
N. filiformis Pant. III Pl. XXXIX f. 538 (1893)?

Marine: Finmark! Bohuslin! Mediterranean (Pithuisian Island)! Ile de Brehat, Manche!
Cape Horn!

N. inornata seems to have a longitudinal line crossing the strie, but this line is an optical
illusion, arrising from the convexity of the valve. This species forms a passage from this group
to the section N. fusiformes, which has no distinct area, parallel strie, and very approximate
central pores.

8. N. fusoides Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate, with more or less obtuse ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,12; B. 0,007 to 0,012 mm. Axial area narrow. Striz 21 to 25 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, crossed by two longitudinal lines. — N. subula Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 548 Pl. III f. 24.
NV. fusoides Grun. A. D. p. 46.

Marine: Bohuslan (Grun.), Mediterranean Sea (Grun.).

134 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

I have not seen this species, which according to Grunow resembles N. inornata. The two
distinct longitudinal lines seem to indicate that N. fusoides is a Caloneis.

9. N. Foliola Bruy a. Tremp. (1889). — V. narrow-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,08 to 0,1;
B. 0,015 to 0,017 mm. Central pores of the median line distant. Striation fine, most visible near
the margin. — Brun a. Temp. D. f. du Japon p. 43 Pl. VII f. 15.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun a. Temp.).

I have not seen this species, which is not sufficiently figured and described to acertain its
proper place.

10. N. monmouthiana Grun. (1880). — V. fusiform. L. 0,062 to 0,09; B. 0,011 to 0,022
mm. Median line with somewhat distant central pores and small comma-like terminal fissures
turned in the same direction. Area linear. Striee 16 (middle) to 20 (ends) in 0,01 mm., almost
parallel in the middle, radiate at the ends. — Grun. A. D. p. 46. Icon. n. Pl. V fi 20.

Fresh water: N. America fossil (Cherryfield, Monmouth)!

11. N. Banumlerii Pant. (1886). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,096 to
0,11; B. 0,018 mm. Area narrow, linear-lanceolate. Strive 9 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel in the
middle, radiate at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta 13 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal un-
dulating rows. — Pant. I p. 22 Pl. XII f. 108; II Pl. XXIII f. 347.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. interrupta Panv. (1886). — Strie 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. crossed by a marginal line. —
Pant. Il. c. f. 108.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

I have not seen this species, which I have provisionally placed in this section. It is perhaps
akin to Nav. rhombica. The terminal fissures seem, according to the fig. 103 in Pantocseks work,
to be turned in contrary directions.

12. N. occidentalis Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, with slightly protracted ends. L. 0,04 to
0,045; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area moderately broad somewhat dilated in the middle. Striz
13 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout coarsely punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Pitt River (Oregon), fossil (Grove Coll.)!

This species has some resemblance to N. lacustris, from which it differs by its much
broader area.

13. N. semitecta A. 8. (1874). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,042; B. 0,013 mm. Area lanceolate,
broad. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.,, slightly radiate throughout, coarsely punctate. — A. 8. Atl. Probe-
tafel f. 11.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atzl.).

I do not know this species, which may perhaps be a Mastogloia.

14. Navicula Iota Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle
to the subacute ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,021 mm. Median line with somewhat distant central pores and
small terminal fissures. Axial area broad, lanceolate. Strie 13,5 (middle) to 16 (ends) in 0,01
mm., slightly radiate throughout, of equal length in the middle, distinctly punctate; puncta 16 in
0,01 mm. arranged in regular, longitudinal rows. — Pl. V. f. 22.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck Coll.)!

15. N. Kappa Cu. N. Sp. — V. narrow lanceolate, with elevated, acute ends. L. 0,173
B. 0,028 mm. Median line with transversely dilated median pores and elongated terminal fissures,
turned in the same direction. Area narrow near the ends of the valve, gradually widened towards
the middle. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm., not closer near the ends, of equal length and slightly radiate

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMILNS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, 135

in the middle, transverse at the ends, punctate, puncta, 14 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating, longi-
tudinal rows. — Pl. V f. 21.
Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

16. N. definita Grove a. Srurr (1887). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. Ends obtuse and with
short diaphragms. L. 0,15; B. 0,04 mm. Median line with the terminal fissures in contrary
directions. Area linear-lanceolate, broad, Striz 18 in 0,01 mm., not closer near the ends, punctate;
puncta, 17 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal undulating rows. — Grove a. Sturt Q. M. Cl. II
p. 7 Pl. VI ff. 11:

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Var. intermedia Cu. — V. subelliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,028 mm. Strieze
18 in 0,01 mm., crossed near the margin by a line. — Pl. V f. 24, 25.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand fossil (Tempére)!

The var. intermedia is a form connecting N. fallax with A. definita.

17. N. fallax Ci. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rounded ends. L. 0,085; B. 0,032
mm. Median line with the terminal fissures in contrary direction. Area very broad, lanceolate.
Strie 20 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, punctate; puncta about 23 in 0,01 mm. The strie
seem to be crossed near the margin by a fine line. — Pl. V f. 27.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

This interesting species seems at the first view to be Nav. nebulosa, having the outline and
marginal striate band of the latter, but a closer inspection shews that it is entirely different,
having no rows of striz along the median line. In fact it is nearly akin to N. definita.

18. N. Hochstetteri Grun. (1863). — V. elliptical with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,027 to
0,057; B. 0,019 to 0,o32 mm. Area broad, subrhomboidal. Striz 15 (middle) to 20 (end) in 0,01
mm. radiate throughout, in the middle alternately longer and shorter, distinctly punctate; puncta
about 17 in 0,01 mm., and close to the area uniting into short lines. — Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 153
Pl. Vf 2. Novara p. 19. A. S. Atl. VIII f 58—55.

Marine: Nicobar Island (Grun.), Java! Carpentaria Bay (Atl.), California (Su Pedro, fossil,
Kinker Coll.)! Cape Horn (Petit), Brazil (Atl).

Var. placita Grove a. Srurr (1887). — L. 0,045; B. 0,025 mm. Striz 14 (middle) to 19
(ends) in 0,01 mm., a few only in the middle being shorter than the others, punctate; puncta 14
in 0,01 mm. — WN. placitu Grove a. Sturt Q. M. Cl. I p. 133 Pl. X f. 14.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

As Grunow has already remarked there is no specific distinction between N. placita and
N. Hochstetteri. Nearly akin to N. Hochstetteri is N. Beta, which differs only by its less coarsely
punctate strie.

19. N. Beta Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical, with broad rounded ends. L. 0,043; B. 0,025 mm.
Median line with the terminal fissures in the same direction. -Area broad, lanceolate. Strie 13
(middle) to 17 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate at the ends, in the middle alternately longer and shorter,
finely punctate; puncta about 26 in 0,01 mm. — PIL. V f. 30.

Marine: Japan (Tempére)!

20. N. polygibba Panr. (1893). — V. lanceolate subapiculate, ends; margins with four
undulations. L. 0,055; B. 0,025 mm. Axial area narrow, not dilated in the middle. Strie
Tadiate throughout, 16-in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 16 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. III Pl. V f. 85.

Habitat:? Kavna-Bremia, Hungary, fossil.

Unknown to the author. It has a considerable likeness to N. mutica var. undulata.

21. N. mocsarensis Pant. (1893). — V. broad, elliptic-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,053; B.
0,026 mm. Axial area narrow, dilated towards the middle, where it expands into a somewhat trans-

136 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

verse central area. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, coarsely punctate; puncta 12 in 0,01
mm. — Panr. III Pl. XXIII f. 340.

Habitat:? Mocsar. (Pant.).

This form resembles N. amphibola or N. Placentula. Unknown to the author.

Navicule Bacillares Cr.

Valve linear to elliptical, usually with broad and rounded ends. Median line straight, en
closed by siliceous thickenings. Terminal nodules incrassate. Axial area usually narrow or in-
distinct; central area very small. Structure: fine transverse strie, more distant in the middle than
elsewhere, slightly radiate throughout and curved, very finely punctate. Connecting zone simple.

This section comprises forms, which are nearly akin to the NV. mesoleie, and it would perhaps
be more natural to include in this group NV. Pupula and N. bacilliformis, which are closely con-
nected with WN. Pseudobacillum. On the other hand, the nature of the striea, which are more
distant in the middle, indicates a relationship to the section N. decipientes. In the section Bacillares
I have included a form, which in some respects is aberrant from the rest, viz. NV. americana, which
has a broad, axial area and almost equidistant strie. Nevertheless, this form is connected by N.
Lambda with N. Bacillum, and I think it better to place it in this group rather than in the
section N. mesoleie, with which it has still less affinity, or to form a separate group for this single
species as Van Hevurcx has done in his synopsis.

Artificial key.

1 freee area broad. beg ‘ ; “N. americana Exp.
— narrow or indistinck:. a coe bd ‘ be

9. ae and terminal areas with stigmas one ae aoe N. trinotata Pant.
— without — . ge. Yat! , Ke eae wo, eB

3, ean te nodules re expanded .. . N. Pseudobacillum Groy.
: not — _ : : ; bod come AA
nm ae 46 a mm. sare, Seay Ss ee GE ee Ghee ae a denk 5.
0,055 or less . By Ate, hag ret ba UE abe abe 6.

5. ae linear. . e bods . N. Lambda Cu.

elliptical . 1... cobs : ee N. Rioje Cu.

6 oo fissures comma-like . I Bie «aoe, da AP een, . . . NM. subhamulata Grun.

: _— — not prolonged. . nx eres N. Bacillum Grun.

1. N. americana Eup. (1843). — V. broad, linear, with rounded ends. IL. 0,055 to 0,1;

B. 0,014 to 0,017 mm. Central nodule strong, with one or two pore-like puncta. Axial and
central areas uniting in a very broad space, somewhat dilated in the middle. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm.,
of equal length, parallel in the middle, radiate in the ends. — Ens. Am. p. 129 M. G. II: 9, f. 16.
V. H. Syn. p. 105 PL XII f. 87. N. am. var. bacillaris Hier. a. Pérac. D. d'Auvergne p. 116
PL IV f. 13. WN. am. var. minor Hyurtp. a. Parag. |. ec. f. 12 (1893).

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Rosslingen in Calmar lan)! Finland (Abo)! Belgium (V. H.),
Australian Alps (Riewa Lagoons)! America (Crane Pond, Boxford, Mass. etc.)!

This species is very characteristic and not to be vista ket for any other. It is widely
distributed, but seems to be rare everywhere.

2. N. Lambda Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear slightly constricted in the middle, with broad,
rounded ends. L. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,016 mm. Terminal fissures straight in the thick nodules. Axial
area narrow but distinct, linear; central area small orbicular. Strie 13 (middle) to 20 (ends) in
0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, parallel at the ends, distinctly but finely punctate. — Pl. V f. 19.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 137

3. N. Rioje Cx. (1881). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,023
to 0,024 mm. Median line in a thick silicious rib, combining the large central nodule with
the thick terminal nodules. Terminal fissures slightly curved. Axial and central area united
jn a linear space very slightly dilated in the middle. Strie 17 (middle) to 19 (ends) in 0,01 mm.,
radiate throughout, indistinctly punctate, crossed by a shallow. longitudinal depression. — Cu. D.
fr. Gronl. and Argentina p. 12 Pl. XVI f. 2.

Fresh water: Argentina (Sierra Famatina)!

4. N. Bacillum Ens. (1843). —- V. linear with rounded ends. L. 0,035 to 0,055; B. 0,01 to
0,o15 mm. Median line in a thick siliceous rib. Axial area narrow slightly enlarged around the
central nodule and expanded at the ends on each side to the full width of the valve. Strie 14
(middle) to 20 (ends) very slightly radiate. — Eup. Am. Pl. IV: 5, f. 8. Grun. A. D. p. 44 Pl. IT
f. 50. V. H. Syn. p. 105 Pl. XIII f. 8. Strése Kliecken f. 8. N. levissima Donk. B. D. p. 28
Pl. V f. 2 1871?

Fresh water: Sweden (Skane)! Finland! Siberia, Mouth of Jenissey (Grun.), North Australia!
New Zealand!

Var.? mexicana GRuN. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle. L. 0,05; B. 0,01 mm. Terminal
nodules larger; area abruptly dilated around the central nodule. Strize 18 in 0,01 mm., closer at
the ends, in the middle frequently alternately longer and shorter. — Grun. A. D. p. 44.

Fresh water: Mexico, fossil (Grun.).

Var. Gregoryana Grun. (1880). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. — N. Bacillum
Gree. M. J. IV, Pl. I f. 4 (1856). ™. bac. var. Greg. Grun. A. D. p. 44.

Fresh water: Loch Leven, Scotland Greg.

Var. minor V. H. (1885). — V. half as large as the typical form. Striz 16 (middle) to 20
(ends) in 0,o1 mm. — V. H. Syn. p. 105 Pl. XIII f. 10.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

Var. lepida Grea. (1856). — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,02 to 0,025; B. 0,01 mm.
Axial area indistinct, central small. Strie 17 (middle) to 26 (ends) in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate
throughout. — N. lepida Gree. M. J. IV Pl. I f. 25. V. H. Syn. Pl. XT f. 12. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 14.

Fresh water: Sweden (Hernésand foss.)! Finland (Abo)! Scotland (V. H. T.). Argentina
(Sierra Famatina)!

5. N. trinotata Pant. (1893). — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,056; B. 0,014
mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated in the middle, where is an unilateral stigma. Near the
ends of the median lines is also an elongated stigma, placed on contrary sides of the median line.
Strie 21, somewhat radiate in the middle, else parallel. — Panr. III Pl. IX f. 152. ,

Habitat? »Képecz» (Pant.).

6. N. Pseudo-bacillum Grun. (1880). — V. linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,035
to 0,045; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. Terminal nodules with two lateral expansions. Axial area narrow,
central area small, rounded. Strie in the middle 13 (Grun. 21 V. H.) in 0,01 mm. at the ends 20
(Grun. 24 V. H.) in 0,01 mm.; radiate throughout, very finely punctate. — N. levissima Ktrz.
Bac. p. 96 Pl. XXI f. 14 (1844)? V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 13? N. leptogongyla Ens. p. p.? according
to Grun. WN. Granum Scuum. P. D. II N. p. 58 Pl. IL f. 46? according to Grun. WN. levissima
and N. Pseudo-bac. Gruy. A. D. p. 45 Pl. IL f. 52 1880. N. Pseudo-bac. V. H. Syn. p. 106 PI.
XIII f. 9. WN. Bacillum var. B Strose Kliecken f. 9?

Fresh water: Sweden (Boras)! Finland! Belgium (V. H.), Java, foss.! Japan! New Zealand!
Australian Alps! Canada, foss.!

This species described and figured by Grunow in A. D. was at first believed by him to be
N. levissima Kt1z. But as this name may denote some form of N. Silicula Grunow proposed the

K. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 26. N:o 2. 18

138 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

name NV. Pseudobacillum. The same form has been since figured in V. H. Syn. f. 9, but on the
same plate Grunow figures (f. 13) a smaller form as N. levissima Kitz. In this, somewhat obscure
figure, the lateral extensions of the terminal nodules are not visible, and it seems uncertain whether
it may be a variety of N. Pseudobacillum or of N. Bacillum or perhaps N. subhamulata.

id

7. N. subhamulata Gruy. (1885). — V. linear, slightly gibbous in the middle, with broad,

rounded ends. I. 0,02; B. 0,005 mm. Terminal nodules not laterally extended. Terminal fissures

comma-like. Axial area indistinct, central very small. Striz about 26 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate

throughout. Frustule with triundulated margins. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 106 Pl. XIII f. 14.
Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

Navicule Decipientes Grun. (1880).

Valve lanceolate to linear, with subacute to truncate, frequently rostrate or capitate, ends.
Axial and central areas small or indistinct. Terminal nodules not very thick. Central nodule
frequently transversely dilated. Structure: finely punctate strie, slightly radiate or almost pa-
rallel, more distant in the middle, than at the ends. Connecting zone not complex.

This group is nearly akin to the Nav. bacillares, which differ in the incrassate terminal
nodules, and also to Nav. microstigmatice. Some few forms are slightly asymmetrical and have
for this reason been considered as Cymbelle, but they are, no doubt, more closely allied to the
symmetrical forms of this section. On the other hand some Cymbelle (as C. @qualis) appear
to be related to species of this group.

Artificial key.

Valve acute. ...... ; Pate . . « MN. vamphoides Pant.
1.
obtuse Be. “onde : fe Uy hat ey fim, nahn es
9. Median line broad, fismiae ; ' ee Lanhche doce ... . WM. Semen Enz.
— straight, filiform . ‘ é <8:
‘ss | Macen undulated. .... : 3 rows : aoe 4.
oO.
not — .. . . Buh ae crac Rise aaneee fee be 5.
4 eae lanceolate. . ‘ ; toa rin os diteane W. Sm.
linear... 3 eS N. Lagerstedtii Cu.
eas rostrate or dantiates : : . . 6.
5.
— not — _ : Bh oeicshie Cannas ars 9.
6. Median strie alternately ioneee and dtistee » aie & gi ue aN ee Donk.
— not — _— — Spe hs ile os nee tel pantie 375
7. Strie 20 or less in 0,01 mm... . «4. 2» ae ee Sa 8.
30 or more — — : . . WN. subtilissima Cu. :
4 Strie radiate throughout . . 2. . N. Lundstrémii Cu.
i parallel at the ends ..... ; N. protracta Grun.
[tin Linear-elliptical with broad ends © 6 esses N. seminoides Cu.
Lanceolate — narrow— . .... | wee ew ee) OM brasiliana Cr.
‘Walve lanceolate... 8 ..... : : : .. .N. Crucieula W. Sm.
10.
linear e Nebaeeedaels ‘ Wein chee Mabe Siem ent 11.
aly centrally gibbous ...... ha ree N. gibbula Cu.
11.
not — — ; ‘ stat SAD:
19 | Metin strie shortened be ; Reukovae) (ih. ofcn N. subinflata Donk.
mee = — not — Ud sath By est these org a or . . .N. Kédlfvensis Gron.

1. N. Semen Ens. (1843). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with broad, almost truncate, frequently
slightly rostrate, ends. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,023 to 0,029 mm. Median line flexuose. Axial area
narrow, linear; central area small, orbicular. Striz in the middle 8 in 0,01 mm., of equal length,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 139

radiate; terminal strie 13 in 0,01 mm., slightly convergent; all finely punctate. — Ens. Am. I: 2,
i. M. G XVI, 1 f 11? W. Sm. B.D. Ip. 50 FL. XVI £, 141. Done B. D. p. 21 Pl. It
f. 8. A. 8. Atl. LXXII f. 1. Groun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 99 (47) Pl. I f. 84. Amphiprora
navicularis Eup. Micr. G. III: 1, f. 10, 11.

Fresh water: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Sweden (Lule Lappmark living, common in post-
glacial, lacustrine deposits)! Finland, foss.! England (Hull) Donk., Germany, Harz (Atl.); Bohemia,
Eger fossil! North America: common in diatomaceous earths (Nova Scotia, Canada West, Wash-
ington territory etc.)!

What Nav. Semen of Eurenserc may denote is impossible to decide, as the figures published
by Enrenserc cannot be recognized. The figure in W. Situ Brit. Diat. is not good, but leaves
little doubt that the author meant the same species, which now is generally believed to be N. Semen.
On the other hand there can be no doubt that Amphiprora naviculoides of Eurensure is the same
species as our N. Semen. N. Semen seems to be a northern species, rarely found living, but fre-
quently in postglacial deposits of Scandinavia and North America. It is not mentioned by Brun
as an inhabitant of the Alps, nor by Beruioc as occurring in the Pyrenées. Its occurrence in a
living state in the Harz is an interesting fact and suggests that it may be a survival from the
post-glacial epoch.

2. N. (Diadesmis) seminoides CL. & Grove N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with truncate
ends. L. 0,027 to 0,045; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Axial area narrow linear, suddenly dilated to a
small, orbicular central area. Striz in the middle 16 in 0,01 mm., alternately longer and shorter,
divergent; strie at the ends about 23 in 0,01 mm. slightly convergent, all finely punctate.

Slightly brackish water: West Indies, Jamaica (Grove Coll.)! Ecuador!

This small form resembles in outline N. Semen. The frustules form in living state coherent
filaments.

3. N. brasiliana Cu. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with subacute ends, often slightly asymmetrical.
L. 0,035 to 0,065; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Median line straight; its terminal fissures in the same
direction. Axial area narrow, linear, somewhat dilated around the central nodule. Striz in the
middle 18 in 0,01 mm, divergent alternately longer and shorter; towards the ends 21 to 22 in
0,01 mm.; at the ends convergent; all distinctly punctate; puncta (on the median striz about 18
in 0,01 mm.) forming undulating, longitudinal rows. -— Cymbella brasil. Cu. N. R. D. p. 4 Pl. If. 4.

Fresh water: Brazil! Calif. (St. Rosa in Grove Coll.)! Ecuador in mineral springs at Tesalia
Prov. Pichincha!

4. N. inflata Donk. (1870). — V. lanceolate with capitate ends. L. 0,022 to 0,026; B. 0,007
to 0,oog mm. Axial area indistinct, central area small, irregular. Strie in the middle 19 in 0,01
mm., somewhat divergent and of unequal length; other striz 22 to 23 in 0,01 mm., convergent at
the ends, all indistinctly punctate. -- Doyx. B. D. p. 21 Pl. II f. 9 (nee Kiitz. = V. hungarica?)
Cl. D. of Fink p. 37 Pl. IL £ 2 891),

Fresh water: Ireland (Lough Mourne foss. Donk.), Sweden (Lake Rosslingen in Kalmar
lan, Rimforsa in Westergétland)! Finland, foss.! N. America (Houghton, Michigan, foss.)!

5. N. ramphoides Panr. (1889). — V. narrow, rhombic-lanceolate, with acute ends, very
convex. Li. 0,086 to 0,09; B. 0,013 mm. Median line with approximate central pores. Axial area
indistinct. Central area (by the distant median striee) a narrow transverse fascia. Strix about
14 in 0,01 mm. (the median more distant) very slightly radiate, at the ends transverse, indistinctly
punctate. — Pant. IT p. 53 Pl. V f. 97, 98.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

6. N. Cruecicula W. Sm. (1853). — V. lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, with somewhat obtuse
ends. L. 0,045 to 0,07; B. 0,015 to 0,019 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated. Axial and

140 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

central areas indistinct. Strie about 16 in 0,o1 mm. the median stronger and more distant, very
slightly radiate, at the ends parallel, all finely punctate. — Stawroneis Crucicula W. Sm. B. D.
I p. 60 Pl. XIX f. 192. Ldt. Spitsb. D. p. 37 Pl. IL f. 14. ™. eruc. Donk. B. D. p. 44 Pl. VI
f 14. V. H. Syn. p. 96 PL X f. 15. Stauroneis dilatata W. Sm. B. D. 1. c. f. 191?

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Baltic! Coasts of the North Sea (Sweden! England! Belgium
V. H.), Atlantic coasts of North America!

Var. obtusata Grun. (1880). — Smaller, broadly lanceolate, with rounded obtuse ends. L.
0,025 to 0,05; B. 0,01 to 0016 mm. Strive 17 in 0,01 mm. -— Nav. Crucie. var. obt. Grun. A. D.
p. 89 PL. 1 4. 87.

Brackish water: Grun.

Var. minuta Grun. (1860). — V. broadly lanceolate, with slightly rostrate ends. — L. 0,02;
B. 0,01 mm. Striz 19 in 0,01 mm. — Staur. Crucicula var. minuta Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 567
PL VES 23,

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

7. N. gibbula Cu. N. Sp. — V linear, slightly gibbons in the middle, with broad, truncate
ends. . 0,033 to 0,043; B. 0,o085 to 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area very small,
rounded. Striz 16 (middle) to 21 (ends) radiate in the middle, where they are of equal length,
slightly radiate in the ends, distinctly punctate, puncta (about 22 in 0,01 mm.) forming longi-
tudinal rows. — N. gibberula Lagsr. Spitsb. D. p. 80 Pl. I f. 7 (1873). — N. gibbula Icon. n. Pl. V f. 17.

Fresh water (moist earth etc.): Spitsbergen! Beeren Hiland (Ldt.).

Var. oblonga Laas. (1873). — V. linear not gibbous in the middle. — Nav. gibberula var.
oblonga Lagst. 1. c. p. 31.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.).

Var. capitata Laast. (1873). — V. strongly gibbous in the middle, with dilated, rounded
truncate ends. —- N. gibberula var. capitata Lagst. |. c. p. 31 PL If 7 w’.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Beeren Eiland (Lagst.).

8. N. Landstrémii Cx. (1880). — V. linear-lanceolate, with subrostrate, broad ends. L. 0,034
to 0,051; B. 0,011 to 0,013 mm. Median line with the terminal fissures in the same direction.
Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Striz 16 (middle) to 20 (ends) in
0,01 mm., radiate throughout, finely punctate, in the middle of equal length. -—- Cu. A. D. p. 13,
36, Pl. II f. 39.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Jamal)!

Var. Frieseana Grun. (1879). — V. with broad rostrate-capitate ends, slightly asymmetrical.
L. 0,032 to 0,048; B. 0,012 to 0,015 mm. Striz 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm. (middle) or 20 to 22 in 0,01
mm. at the ends, in the middle radiate and of equal length, at the ends radiate, distinctly punctate,
puncta (about 20 in 0,01 mm.) forming undulating longitudinal rows. — Cymbella Frieseana Grun.
in Cl. M. D: Nee 261. Teen, n. PL. Vf. 18.

Brackish water: Finmark (Tana Elf)!

9. N. protracta Gruy. (1880). — V. linear, with rostrate and truncate ends. L. 0,022 to
0,035; B. 0,oos to 0,01 mm. Axial area very narrow; central very small. Striz 12 (middle) to 20
(ends) in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, coarsely punctate, puncta
about 17 in 0,01 mm. — WN. Cruc. var.? prot. Grun. A. D. p. 35 Pl II f 38. V. H. Syn. p. 96
Suppl. Pl. B f. 27. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 146 Pl. XXX f. 47. WN. Troglodytes Panr. II p. 54
Pl. XI f. 184 (1889)?

Brackish water: Salines of the mainland of Europe (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.), Hungary,
foss. (Pant.) — Cameroon!

Var. maxima Cu. — L. 0,08; B. 0,016 mm. Strive about 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Rio Purus, Brazil (Deby Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 141

10. N. integra W. Sm. (1856). — V. lanceolate-elliptical, margins with 3 to 5 undulations,
and rostrate-apiculate ends. L. 0,027 to 0,03; B. 0,ocs to 0,oo9 mm. Axial area indistinct, cen-
tral very small. Striz about 23 in 0,01 mm., more distant in the middle, slightly radiate at the
ends. — Pinnularia rostrata Gruc. M. J. IV Pl. I f. 14 (1856). Pinn. integra W. Sm. D. II p. 96.
Nav. integra Raurs. in Pritch. p. 895 (1861). Donx. B. D. p. 40 Pl. VI f. 8. Grun. A. D. p. 36.
V. H. Syn. p. 96 Pl. XI f. 22. Cymbella integra A. 8. Atl. Pl. LXXI f. 64—66. Stauroneis
Janischii Rasy. Alg. Eur. 848 (1859)?!

Brackish water: Holstein! England (W. Sm.), Belgium (V. H.).

11. N. Lagerstedtii Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear with triundulated margins and broad, obtuse ends.
L. 0,028; B. 0,006 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie 11 (middle) to 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, parallel at the ends. — Nav. sp. Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 85 Pl. IT f. 12 (1878).

Fresh water: Spitsb. (Lagst.).

12. N. subtilissima Cr. (1891). — V. linear, with capitate ends. L. 0,032; B. 0,005 mm.
Axial area indistinct, central small. Strie about 40 to 45 in 0,01 mm. in the middle stronger,
more distant and more radiate; other striz slightly radiate. — Cu. D. of Finl. p. 37 Pl. II f. 15.
Stauroneis linearis Laesr. Spitsb. D. p. 37 Pl. II f. 13?

Fresh water: Finland (Imandra Lappmark)! Sweden (Westerbotten, Degernas)! Spitsbergen
(Lagst.).

13. N. Kilfvensis Gruy. Ms. — V. linear with rounded ends. L. 0,02; B. 0,005 mm.
Areas indistinct. Striz 24 (middle) to 27 (ends) in 0,01 mm.
Fresh water: Kalfva, Alands socken, Sweden, fossil (Grun.).

14. N. subinflata Grun. (1883). — V. linear, more or less gibbous in the middle, with
rounded ends. L. 0,025 to 0,04; B. 0,008 mm. Axial area indistinct, central small irregular.
Strie about 19 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel. The three or four median strie are shorter and much
more distant than the others. Frustule in the zonal view rectangular; the connecting zone with
faint longitudinal lines. — Grun. in Cl. Vega p. 470 Pl. XXXVII f. 50.

Marine: Cape Wankarema! Arctic America! Norway, Grip!

Var. elliptica Cu. — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,035; B. 0,013 mm. Striz 20
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Adriatic (Cl. M. D. N:o 210).

Navicule Microstigmatice Ct.

Valve elongated, usually lanceolate to linear, never panduriform. Axial area narrow or in-
distinct. Central area small and rounded, or a transverse stauros. Structure: small, but distinct,
puncta arranged in parallel, or slightly radiate, transverse strie, and undulating longitudinal
rows, the median transverse strie not alternately longer and shorter, connecting zone complex
or simple.

This large section comprises a number of species, hitherto placed in Navicula, Stauroneis,
Pleurostauron, Schizostauron and Schizonema. The may be classed in the following divisions:

1. Stauroneis. Central nodule transversely dilated into a simple stauros. No diaphragms
at the ends of the valve. Connecting zone simple.

2. Pleurostauron. Like Stauroneis, but with diaphragms at the ends of the valve.

3. Schizostauron. Central nodule transversely dilated into a furcate or bifid stauros.

1 To judge from the figure. I have not seen any specimens in the material. .

142 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

4. Libellus. Zone complex or with longitudinal divisions. Central nodule dilated into a
stauros, or not dilated.

5. Muecrostigma. Zone simple. Central nodule not transversely dilated.

This division of the whole group cannot be completely carried out at present, as the con-
necting zones of many species have not been observed. I consequently class all the forms now in
two groups, viz. those with transversely dilated central nodules in Stauroneis, and those without
such dilated central nodules in Microstigma; at the same time indicating as far as can yet be
made out to which of the five groups named above each species belongs.

The genus Stauwroneis (Eur. 1843) has always been regarded as distinguished from Navicula
by the transversely dilated central nodule; but the difference between a dilatation of the nodule
itself, or stauros, and a more transverse extension of the central area, or fascia, has not hitherto
been strictly carried out, and several forms with transverse areas only have been placed in
Stauroneis. These I now remove to Pinnularia or Navicula.

Still, if we include in Stauroneis all the naviculoid forms which have transversely dilated
central nodules, we shall not have a natural genus, as it will comprise species of Trachyneis,
Mastoneis, Pseudoamphiprora, and other groups. All these I also remove to their respective groups
and confine Stauroneis to such forms as possess the structure described above as belonging to the
Microstigmatice.

Stauroneis has affinities with Amphora, particulary with the group Psammamphora, in which
the structure is identical, and in which occur species with and without a stauros, which may be
regarded as asymmetrical forms of Stauroneis and Microstigma.

In all the true species of Stauroneis the striz are radiate at the ends. This is the case also
in the group Pleurostauron, which is nearly related to Stauroneis and passes over into it by gradual
transitions.

Many species of both these groups are met with in fresh water in all countries, arctic or
tropical, a few inhabit brackish waters, but there is scarcely any undoubted marine species.

The fresh water species of Schizostauron are closely allied to those of Pleurostauron, but
I am not sufficiently acquainted with the marine species of the former to be able to speak as to
their affinities.

The division Lebellus comprises forms with and without stauros. They are all marine and
some of them live enclosed in gelatinous tubes, for which reason they have been classed in the
very unnatural genus Schizonema. As there are free forms, so closely connected with those
living in gelatinous tubes, that they cannot be specifically distinguished, there is no reason to
retain the genus Schizonema. As early as 1873 I proposed the generic name Libellus for Navicule
with complex zone, but this view was not accepted until recently by De Toni, who placed in this
genus N. aponina. Whether this be admissible or not I cannot say, as I have not examined this
species sufficiently; but as it is figured in Van Heurcks Synopsis as having subsidiary longitudinal
lines it may belong to Caloneis.

The species of Libellus are no doubt closely connected with those of the division Microstigma,
in which are some forms the zone of which has longitudinal rows of short strie (N. auklandica
and NV. Garkeana). Still closer allied are the forms of the section Oxyamphora among the asym-
metrical naviculoid diatoms. The same structure exists in these Amphore as in Libellus; the
zone is similar and there are in Oxyamphora species with, and without stauros, exactly as in
Libellus. Most forms of Libellus have the terminations of the median line at some distance from
the ends of the valve.

The division Mucrostigma comprises forms without stauros, and with a simple connecting
zone, which however, as stated above, has in some species longitudinal rows of short strie. I
have enclosed in this division several forms, classed in different genera by authors, as Scolio-
pleura tumida, and Rhoiconeis Garkeana, the former having a sigmoid median line, the latter
arcuate frustules.’ On the sigmoid median line alone no natural genus can be founded, forms with

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wo 2, 143

a sigmoid median line occuring in the groups Levistriate (N. Raeana), Caloneis (C. staurophora).
Lineolate, Eucocconeis ete. Moreover there are gradual transitions from forms with sigmoid
median line to forms with straight median line and terminal fissures in contrary directions (N.
auklandica) while many such forms are closely connected with others having the terminal fissures
in the same direction. In NN. tumzda some specimens occur in which the median line is scarcely
sigmoid.

As to Rhoiconets, this genus is also inadmissible, as it contains widely different forms, and
the degree of flexure in the frustule varies in the same species. Some forms of the section Lineo-
late are more or less arcuate, and in Gyrosigma and Pleurosigma we meet with species, which in
some varieties are straight, in others arcuate.

Microstigma is doubtless akin to Libellus and has also a resemblance to the symmetrical
forms of Tropidoneis, which differ principally by their highly elevated valves. Among the other
groups of Navicula, Microstigma has affinities with the Decipientes and Fusiformes, the former
having the median strive wider (as in N. tumida), the latter having the puncta arranged in longi-
tudinal rows; and with the Entoleie, which have a distinct axial area. In fact it is impossible to
trace any absolute limit between these groups of forms.

Artificial key.

1. j Central nodule stauroid . 2. 2 7. ee ee é : : 2.
— — not me 00) ee ert A eee a Lay » 129.
9, ee bifid! «62. see Se eee ee Ree eS <ee mm wa «a BH
HOt) oy cee A eee w fo ett, Ake ees oi Saints
3. J Ends of the valves with diaphragms © © 0 - wwe ee ee 17.
eS ee ee without gg bee be wee ee Be Se ee eee ao A
#: ee protracted... ... sist He ap Ge GLB top de Gee > Aa eee ae Sy day ea SN 5.
— not — .... ‘ ee ee ee a ee 7.
5, pot broad wae j§$§ ‘weenie el Bis Gee e eae ih Hintate Enps..
; narrow . eo oe gee Be ap eee a a 6.
6. agi 15in 001mm ... .. . . &. cael Eup. (S. anceps var. nobilis).
20 to 30 in 0,01 mm... . mr eden Ae, She hoe . &. anceps Exp.
Size small (L. 0,013 to 0,025 es a a, ge gd at lar. eo a A aah ae a «= 8;
bs — median (L. about 005 mm.) .. . ne si Re we eee 10.
==. large (L. 0,07 ‘to: Oj2 mm). 6 we 16.
Linear-elliptical . . 2... a ee ee a ee .. . . &. septentrionalis Grun.
8. {uate Sb e 24 : is ee = Ba ae we eg S. perpusilla Gruy.
Elliptical . . . ee % ¢ i a ae is
9. eg about 18 in 0,01 mm. ay Gee ... &. kryophila Gru.
: — 2 — ee . . . S&S. perminuta Grun.
Ends broad, capitate or ficient ce Ae a. Searle ae. Jae aac os 11.
obtuse or rounded .......... ok @ we Bind oe « » » 12,
10. eB cuneate. 2... Be roceGheEler ces Karta. Gea .. . . SS. Demerare Cu.
subacute ...... , ae. % dept) 68 as oi ae) cde SLD
11. ee: 14 to 19 in 001 mm. . . : oe OR b. lees ‘Ss. desiderata Cu.
— Mee ee 2s . . . S. pachycephala Cu.
12. ee small aa short. . anf Gite crchs: ter 55 . . . S&S. pellucida Cu.
pervious. s:.% ae & + wale bb Rae 4 Die av de, Ab ga seeds g 13.
13. en broad with numerous distinct divisions ....- -- +--+ s eee S. Biblos Cu.
— narrow with faint divisions. ...... ..... eget eh ans 14.
14. ia broad. 2. ee we we le ios Be a . &. Gregorit Rars.
marrow... ee oo Gg —Bovade 4p ara S. constricta W. Sm.
15 oe 17 to 18 in 0,0. OL MMs 6 cee ohana we ; wo .. S. salina W. 8m.
: — ae ee ae ahs gee .. . & africana Ot.
lines ok ee ee * £9 eR 2 ee ea . 8. Schinzii Bron.
16: { Rhomboid- ieaesdtate ie KERR Ge terete ju gittncns (es Oe ted S. Phoenicenteron Exp.
17. eee es dys 2S : mi yee.) SL Smithit Gron.

Non-apiculate : ; Bee ge, OO eons Teg ERS ow BS:

144 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

18 fe Valve biconstricted Pos, ee i ; <8 so 19.
: not — eR 20.
19 pee (L. 0,03 to 004 mm.) .. 1... , . 8. Legumen Ens.
* \ Large (L. 0,2 mm.) ; ... . 8. Fulmen Bow.
| Valve fusiform : : : : S. Frauenfeldtiana Grun.
20. — yhombic-lanceolate . . ; a boys oer . S. acuta W. 8m.
pees lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. . . . & ay H, te. ears 21.
91 on (L. 0,12 to 0.2 mm.) go em Ilvodedey'y S. javanica GRun.
ri Small (L. less than 0,07 mm.) a 22.
99 ae about 15 in 001 mm... ee anes S. oblonga Grun.
= — fine 23 _— : By hy Se aetb de es Ets caer os 23.
93 re rostrate .. . . ; Sieehy JB sti . S&S. parvula GRon.
7 — non-rostrate ‘ ; ; 4n S. obtusa Laest.
94. J Branches of the stauros parallel ; ae oe ssh aan SS .. &. Sagitta Cu.
Lo o- — divergent . Bg RE ante 25.
95 yeni habitat . i : Be : we lig lao 26:
: Marine . . : ; ' , ; fo va we RUS
26 J Ends rostrate . . ; Leas ces S. Crucicula Grun.
“| = non-rostrate ; one .. . & andicola Cu.
97 Gene lanceolate, subrostrate . . , . . S. Reichardtiana Gruy.
: broadly elliptical . . 5 ee kD a ee gh a 28.
Stauros with very divergent branches a ee eee oe ae S. Lindigiana Grun.
28.
— — less _— _— é .. . S&. ovata Grun.
Median line sigmoid or with the deagatiiah desties in datonny directions. ..... 30.
29, ad oi
Vee — not sigmoid. .. ». + .. the same = or indistinct 31.
30 {Median line sigmoid ... 7. ..... : : . N. tumida Bris.
‘ — straight... : De sentra ; : N. auklandica Grun.
Ends with diaphragms eT: : N. inelegans GRovE & Sturt.
31.
,- without — & Saye SAG Rabe Agog) AES ee 32.
39 — line Hexw0se' sw 4 ede ee «ee aE Ee PRE Ee eS . WN. plicatula Grun.
’ SISUPAIBNG oy eco te Sel ae Seer aes Se Ge os PG Hele dea lh ae Sho 383.
Frustule arcuate 2... ee . N. Garkeana Grun.
33.
ee MOG 4 eke 4G eee ee yo Lap leg Aa Detewtsde . ie, Bika and 84.
34 | Sri very fine (28 i 30 in 0,01 mm.) ag ag tele oe Gg Sale he 35.
— 15 to 20in 01 mm 2. 2... le 387.
Fone broad. snide owes cay crlecerel aks ie ciignn «i N. Hyelvsira Cu.
35.
a narrow Si Rirfiise. 2. ile. “Seebiyvseranwe «tev MELE. one ee 2% 36.
36 ae acute... ... ee. Ute, Ste eee, Eee . N. aponina Kitz.
at rostrate- soaritate. a. tree tenes . ee NN. Bulnheimii Garon.
Valve shee obtuse. % Bee ie a ea N. Scopulorum Bree.
i. lanceolate 48 i a a 38.
37, Aiaanic — Par BR Bel etiy hg ae 39.
(= elliptie — 2 ...... N. suavis Cu. & GROVE.
— rostrate ... . > 2s . ee. NM. Simbot Pant.
Zone broad... . 1 ae N. complanata Grun.
38. ;
ea narrow. . a ee : ae N. plicata Donx.
39 ee in gelatinous uneasy gor 28 es : . . .N. Grevillet Ac.
: PTOB se ke we a , SR, CR Ae ego 40.
40 eae Ooh ihin: A RGtGolin ag, er Geer ; foe Su a 'N. Wee GrRun.
* ) Acute or subacute... . F ‘ 4 a sf ag ; . 41.
Median line reaching to the ouile oe pe teed git Ses ow. Eikdie GREG.
41.
ve — not _— a Gee ee : 4. ae ae Se oR ee ee 42.
49 oa fissures indistinct . 2... 1 ee ee eee . . N. rhombica Grae.
. — hook-shaped . . ...... - 2... MN. hamulifera Gron.

1. S.? pellucida Ci. (1883). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends, thin and convex.
L. 0,053 to 0,06; B. 0,016 to 0,o23 mm. Median line with the terminal fissures indistinct because
the convexity of the valve. Central nodule transversely dilated to a short stauros. Axial area
indistinct; central small. Striz 16 to 21 in 0,01 mm. obscure, punctate.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2, 145

Forma arctica. Stauros narrow. Strie 19 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — S. pellucida Cu. Vega
p- 475 Pl. XXXV f. 10.

Marine: Cape Wankarema (North Siberian Sea)!

Forma mediterranea. Stauros broad, irregularly subquadrate. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Barcelona! Balearic Islands!

This is a curious form, not closely connected with any other known species, so that its
position in a natural system is uncertain. I have placed it here only provisionally. It always
occurs very sparingly.

2. §. (Libellus) constricta (Kuz. 1843?), W. Sm. (1853). — V. membranaceous, linear,
convex, sometimes constricted in the middle, with subacute, rounded or subcuneate ends. L. 0,05 to
0.14; B. 0,0075 mm. Stauros pervious, narrow linear. Axial area indistinct. Strive 25 to 27 in
0,01 mm. transverse. Frustule with complex connecting zone. — Stauron. constricta Eup. Am.
Pl. I:2 f. 12 b.? Amphiprora constricta W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XV f. 126. Stauron. amphoroides
Groun. in A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 35 to 39. Nav. simulans Donk. B. D. p. 60 Pl. IX f. 3 (1873)?

Marine or brackish: Davis Strait! North Sea (coasts of Sweden, England, Normandy)!
Adriatic (Grun.).

It is not very probable that St. constricta of HuHRENBERG represents this species, whatever
it may be.

3. 8. (Libellus) Biblos Cx. (1892). — V. thin and very convex, linear-elliptical with obtuse
ends. L. 0,055; B. 0,015 mm. Central pores approximate. Central nodule transversely dilated
into a narrow stauros. Terminal nodules distant from the ends of the valve. Striz about 30 in
0,01 mm. composed of fine puncta somewhat less close, forming undulating, longitudinal rows.
Frustule quadrate. Zone broad, with numerous longitudinal divisions. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 77
Pl. XII f. 9, 10.

Marine (pelagic.): Barbados!

This species is of interest as it has a very complex connecting zone and at the same time
a well developed stauros. The former characteristic as well as the sculpture of the valve and the
distant terminal nodules, prove that it is nearly akin to N. rhombica. The latter characteristic
shews an affinity to Stauroneis salina.

4. §. (Libellus) africana Cr. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with subacute ends, convex. L. 0,05
to 0,06; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Stauros narrow, pervious. Striz 23 in 0,01 mm. transverse. Con-
necting zone with faint longitudinal divisions. — Cu. N. R. D. p. 15 Pl. TI f. 42.

Brackish water: South Africa! Ceylon (Weissflog Coll.)!

Var. acuminata Grun. — V. acuminate. Strie 23 in 0,01 mm. Grun. in V. H. T. N:o 187.

Marine: Norfolk.

This species is intermediate between S. constricta and S. salina, having the fine strie of the
former and the form of the latter. It is more silicious than S. constricta.

5. §. salina W. Sm. (1853). — V. lanceolate, witlg subacute ends. L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,012
to 0.014 mm. Axial area indistinct. Stauros narrow, slightly dilated towards the margins, pervious.
Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. transverse, finely punctate. — W. Sm. B. D. I p. 60 Pl. XIX f. 188.
V. H. Syn. p. 68 Pl. X f 16. Laaesr. Boh. D. p. 47 f. 5.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands)! Black Sea (Sebastopol)!

Var.? latior Dannr. (1882). — V. broadly lanceolate, with rostrate ends. Strize? — Dannr.
Balt. D. p. 32 Pl. III f. 21.

Brackish water: Baltic, Bay of Finland (Dannf.).

6. S. Gregorii Ratrs (1861). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. L. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Stauros broad, pervious. Striz 16 to 20 in
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 26. N:o 2. 19

146 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

0,01 mm. almost parallel. — Raurs Prich. Inf. p. 913. St. Amphioxys Gree. T. M. S. IV p. 48
Pl. V f. 23 (1856). St. Gregorit Grun. A. D. p. 47 Pl. III f. 64 (1880). V. H. Syn. p. 68 Suppl.
Pl. Aut 4

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! North Sea (coasts of Sweden! Scotland! and Belgium V. H.);
Black Sea (Sebastopol)! Caspian Sea (? Grun.), Atlantic coast of N. N. America (Cape May)!

S. Gregori differs from S. salina by its broad stauros. Probably a variety with more
lanceolate outline is S. pacifica Castr. (Chall. Voy. p. 23 Pl. XX f. 9), which is too insufficiently
described for identification.

A small form of S. Gregorii from the mouth of the Somme has been named by Grunow
(in Cl. M. D. 247, 255) var. diminuta.

7. §. perminuta Grun. (1881). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,013 to 0,025;
B. 0,005 to 0,oo7 mm. Stauros narrow, pervious. Strie 22 to 23 in 0.01 mm. slightly radiate. —
Grun. in Cl. D. fr. Grénl. Arg. p. 12 Pl. XVI f. 9.

Brackish water: South Africa (Grun.), Patagonia (Arroyo de Olivera)!

8. §S. perpusilla Grow. (1884). — V. lanceolate. IL. 0,018 to 0,02; B. 0,o0o38 mm. Stauros
narrow, pervious. Striz not seen. — Grun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 105 (53) Pl. I f. 50.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

Var. obtusiuscula Grun. — V. shorter, with more obtuse ends. Gruwn. l. c. f. 49.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

9. §. desiderata Cu. (1880). — V. linear to lanceolate with broad, capitate ends. L. 0,05;
B. 0,016 mm. Terminal fissures of the median line hook-shaped and turned in contrary directions.
Stauros narrow, linear, reaching nearly to the margins. Strie 14 to 19 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, especially at the ends, very finely punctate. — Cu. in A. D. p. 14 Pl. II f. 58.
Brackish and marine: Sea of Kara! Behrings Island!

10. 8. septentrionalis Grun. (1884). — V. linear-lanceolate. L. 0,024; B. 0,0048 mm.
Stauros narrow, not reaching the margin. Striz 23 in 0,01 mm. transverse, in the middle sub-
radiate. Grun. Franz Joseps Land D. p. 105 (53) Pl. I f. 48.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

11. S. kryophila Grun. (1884). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,019;
B. 0,007 mm. Stauros narrower towards the margins. Strie in the middle 16, at the ends 20 in
0,o1 mm. slightly radiate, distinctly punctate. — Grun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 105 (53) Pl. I f. 47.
Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.).

12. S. pachyeephala Cx. (1879). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle, with broad, capitate
ends. Li. 0,04 to 0,055; B. 0,007 to 0,oo9 mm. Median line with contrary and hook-shaped termi-
nal fissures. Stauros pervious. Strie about 29 in 0,01 mm. radiate. — Cru. M. D. N:o 197. N.R.
D. p. 15 Pl. IIL f. 48. i

Brackish water: South Africa! Tasmania!

13. S. Sechinzii Brun. (1891). — V. linear, somewhat gibbous in the middle and at the
broad, rounded ends. L. 0,13 to 0,17; B. 0,011 to 0,12 mm. Stauros pervious. Terminal fissures
turned in the same direction. Terminal nodules large. Axial area narrow, linear. Strie 19 to
20 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent in the middle and slightly convergent at the ends, distinctly
punctate. Puncta 19 to 20 in 0,01 mm. arranged in irregular, longitudinal rows. — Brun.
D. espéces n. p. 88 Pl. XVI f. 1.

Fresh water: South West Africa (Brun Coll.)!

This form is very distinct from all other known species. The narrow axial area is bordered
by conspicuous, thick silicious ribs.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 147

14. S. Demerare Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, gibbous in the middle, with broad cuneate ends.
L. 0,045; B. 0,009 mm. Stauros linear, pervious. (Terminal fissures, not seen). Strie very fine,
transverse in the middle, slightly radiate at the ends. — Pl. IL f. 15.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

Of this species, remarkable for its form, I have seen only a few specimens, in which I have
not succeeded in making the terminal fissures visible, for which reason the description is somewhat
incomplete.

15. S. anceps Enr. (1843). — V. lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, with rostrate or rostrate-
capitate ends. L. 0,024 to 0,13; B. 0,006 to 0,017 mm. Stauros linear, reaching the margin or
not. Axial area indistinct. Strie 20 to 80 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, finely punctate. —-
S. anceps Eup. Am. Pl. II: 1, f. 18.

S. anceps is extremely variable, and it does not appear to me possible to separate the forms
into definite species. The numerous fresh-water species of Stanroneis, named by Eurenpere, are
founded on very slight differences in the outline, which is very variable, and they cannot be
identified, as no indication of the number of strie exists. Moreover the forms included here under
the name of S. anceps, pass gradually, without any limit, into others, which can scarcely be di-
stinguished from smaller forms of S. Phoenicenteron. The simplest method had perhaps been to
unite S. anceps and S. Phoenicenteron, but the species would then have comprised, as extremes,
very different forms. From a practical point of view it seems to be best to arrange the forms
into a few varieties, however arbitrary the limits may be. The central nodule reaches usually
to the margin of the valve and corresponds to a transverse area, which however, is frequently
narrower than the central nodules. Under good lenses the marginal part of the stauros seems to
be covered with shorter striz.

A. Lanceolate forms, with more or less protracted, not capitate ends.

Var. siberica Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate. Li. 0,064; B. 0,015 mm. Stauros not reaching
to the margin. Striee very fine (more than 30 in 0,01 mm.). — Grun. A. D. p. 48 Pl. III f. 65.

Fresh water: Mouth of Jenisey (Grun.).

Var. hyalina Br. a. Prag. (1893). — V. lanceolate, with very protracted ends. L. 0,04 to
0,085; B. 0,009 to 0,o12 mm. Stauros pervious. Striz very fine. — Br. a. Prac. in Hérib. D.
d'Auvergne p. 78 Pl. III f. 19.

Fresh water: Puy de Déme, fossil (Hérib.), Australia (Blue Mountains, Rieva Lagoons,
Austr. Alps)!

Var. gracilis (Eup. 1843?). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,008 mm. Stauros pervious.
Striz 27 in 0,01 mm. — 8S. grac. Eup. Am. Pl. I: 2, f. 14 ete.

Fresh water: Dovre, Norway!

Var. birostris (Eup. 1843?). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,065 to 0,13; B. 0,014 to 0,017 mm.
Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate. — 8. birostris Eup. Am. Pl. II: 2 f. 1? S. anceps var.
Cu. D. f. Gronland and Argentina p. 12 Pl. XVI f. 5. St. gallica Hiris. a. Perac. D. d’ Auvergne
p. 77 Pl. III f. 21 (1898).

Fresh water: Puy de Dome, fossil (Hérib.), Waltham, Mass.! Argentina, Rioja!

Var. derasa Grun. Ms. — V. narrow lanceolate, with somewhat protracted ends. L. 0,05 to
0,07; B. 0,008 to 0,01 mm. Stauros broad pervious. Strie about 26 in 0,01 mm. visible only
along the median line. ;

Fresh water: Férarm in Asnen, Sweden, fossil!

Var. linearis Eup. (1843). — V. with parallel margins, rostrate. L. 9,045 to 0,05; B. 0,008
to 0,o12 mm. Strie 20 to 25 in 0,01 mm. — S. linearis Ens. Am. 1:2, f. 11 etce.? S. anceps var.
lin. V. H. Syn. p. 69 Pl. IV f. 7, 8.

Fresh water: Holstein! Belgium (V. H.), Australia, Blue Mountains!

148 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. obtusa Grun. Ms. — V. linear, with broad, rostrate ends. L. 0,024; B. 0,006 mm.
Striz 21 in 0,01 mm. closer towards the ends (24 in 0,01 mm.).
Fresh water: Sandwich Islands, Mauna Kea (Cl. M. D. N:o 141).

Var.? nobilis Scuum. (1867?). — V. lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,11; B. 0,023 mm. Stauros
narrowed towards the margins. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, composed of coarse, elongate
puncta, 15 in 0,01 mm., arranged in oblique, somewhat undulating rows. — S. nobilis Scuum. P.

D. II Nachtr. p. 59 Pl. II f. 60?

Slightly brackish water: Klackeberga, Kalmar lan, Sweden, fossil (Ancylus-epoch)!

I am not convinced that this form is really the same as Scuumann’s, the puncta of which
are figured as arranged in obliquely decussating rows as in Pleurosigma [Else the outline and the
size agree pretty well with Scuumann’s figure.

B. Forms with capitate ends.

Var. elongata Cu. — V. narrow linear-lanceolate. L. 0,055; B. 0,009 mm. Striz 26 in
0,01 mm. — 8S. linearis var. in Cl. M. D. N:o 56.

Fresh water: Germany!

Var. amphicephala Kwrz. (1844). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,04 to 0,08; B. 0,009 to 0,015 mm.
Strie 21 to 22 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate. — S. amph. Kitz. Bac. p. 105 Pl. XXX f. 25.
S. anceps W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XIX f. 190. V. H. Syn. p. 69 Pl. IV f. 4, 5. S. linearis Gron.
Verh. 1860 Pl. VI f. 11.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Sweden (Westerbotten to Smaland)! Belgium (V. H.), England
(W. Sm.), Switzerland (Brun), Japan! Bengal! Greenland! Maine! California! Brazil! Ecuador!

Var. recta Cu. —— V. linear. L. 0,045; B. 0,009 mm. Strie 23 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Kuopio, Finland!

Var. fossilis Cu. (1891). — V. lanceolate, with flattened, capitate ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,016
mm. Striz 23 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. D. of Finland p. 40 Pl. II f. 18.

Fresh water: Sweden (Degernés in Westerbotten, fossil; Lake Rosslangen)! Finland (Savi-
taipale, foss.)!

Var. argentina Cu. (1881). -- V. lanceolate. L. 0,065; B. 0,013 mm. Stauros not reaching
to the margins. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. — S. gracilis var. arg. Cu. D. fran Grénl. och Argentina
p: 12 Fl, AVE £4.

Fresh water: Sierra de Velasco, Argentina!

16. S. Phyllodes Exp. (1843). — V. lanceolate, with protracted, obtuse ends. L. 0,105;
B. 0,025 mm. Stauros narrower towards the margins. Striz 15 (middle) to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm.
radiate throughout, punctate; puncta about 15 in 0,01 mm., arranged into irregularly undulating
rows. — Eup. Am. Pl. II:1, f. 16 ete? Icon. n. Pl. III f. 27. 8S. Sicboldiit Eup. M. G. PI.
XXXIV: 8, f. 12?

Fresh water: Demerara River!

17. S. dilatata Eup. (1843). — V. with parallel margins and rostrate, truncate ends. L.
0,065 to 0,068; B. 0,018 to 0,o2 mm. Stauros broad, linear, reaching near to the margin. Strize
18 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, distinctly punctate, puncta 24 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating,
longitudinal rows. — Eup. Am. I: 2 f. 12. Cu. A. D. p. 48 Pl. III f. 62.

Fresh water (larger lakes): Sweden, Malaren! Finland, Ladoga! Siberia, Mouth of Jenissey!

18. 8. Phoenicenteron Ens. (1843). — V. lanceolate, usually with slightly protracted,
obtuse ends. L. 0,07 to 0,2; B. 0,028 to 0,o4 mm. Stauros linear. Strie radiate throughout

13 to 21 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate, puncta forming undulating, longitudinal lines. —
Exs. Am. Pl. II: 5 f. 1 ete.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 149

Var. amphilepta Ens. (1843). — L. 0,07 to 0,1; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Strie and puncta 18
to 21 in 0,01 mm. — S. amph. Enz. Am. I: 2 f. 9? M. G. Pl. XIV f. 18? Herre. D. d’Auvergne
p- 77 Pl. III f. 18 (1893). 8S. gracilis W. Sm. B. D. XIX f. 186. SS. lanceolata Grun. Verh. 1860
p. 568. S. boryana Pant. III Pl. V f. 78; 1893 (8. javanica?).

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Holstein! England (Sm.), Greenland! Australia, Murray River!

Var. genuina Cr. — L. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. Strie 14 to 17, puncta about 12
in 0,01 mm. — S. phoenicenteron W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XIX f. 185. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 563. V. H.
Syn. p. 67 Pl. IV f. 2. Panr. TIT Pl. VII f. 134. §. Brunii Per. in Hérib. d’Auvergne p. 76
Pl. TIT f. 22 (1898).

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! England! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! North America
(Canada, Calif.)! Brazil! Argentina! New Zealand!

Var. Baileys Ens. (1843). — L. 0,15 to 0,2; B. 0,045 mm. Strie and puncta 12 to 14 in
Oo. mm. — S. Bail. Kus. Am. p. 143. 8S. pteroidea Batu. (accord. to Ehb.) M. G. Pl. XIV f. 5.

Fresh water: North America (Cherryfield etc. fossil)!

19. §S. (Pleurostauron) parvula Grun. (1878). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse or slightly
rostrate ends. L. 0,02 to 0,025; B. 0,005 mm. Stauros broad, pervious. Strie 23 in 0,01 mm.
radiate. — Grun. in Cl. M. D. Nio 139.

Fresh water: Berlin!

Var. prominula Grun. Ms. — Linear, with rostrate ends. L. 0,02 to 0,04; B. 0,004 to 0,008
mm. Strie 25 to 28 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Greenland! Finmark, Tana Elf (Grun.), Gulf of Bothnia!

Var. producta Grun. (1880). — V. linear lanceolate, with rostrate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,04;
B. 0.008 mm. Striz 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Stawron. producta Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. 12.

Fresh water: Sweden Skane! Holstein! (Grun.).

As 8S. parvula Janiscu has described, but not figured, a form from Angamos Guano (Charac.
d. Guano II p. 14), which cannot be identified, for which reason Grunow’s name may be
retained. — S. parvula Grun. differs from 8. producta only by its smaller size and finer strie,
and they may be united. The var. producta is nearly akin to, and seems to graduate into
S. Legumen.

20. S. (Pleurostauron) oblonga Gruy. (1867). — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends.
L. 0,038 to 0,05; B. 0,o122 mm. Stauros linear, reaching to the margin. Strie transverse, 15 in
0,o1 mm. — Grun. Nov. p. 20 Pl. I f. 15.

Fresh water: Java, foss. (Grun.).

I have not succeeded in finding this form in the edible earth from Java, and cannot say
anything about its affinities.

21. §. (Pleurostauron) obtusa Laesr. (1873). — V. linear-lanceolate, with broad, obtuse,
not rostrate ends. I. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,01 mm. Stauros broad, reaching to the margin, where it
becomes somewhat broader. Striz 19 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 36 Pl. I f. 11.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.).

A similar form from Australia (Blue Mountains) has slightly rostrate ends. Another similar
form, but with narrow, subacute ends, is described by Lewis (Proc. N. Sc. Philad. 1865 Pl. II
f. 14) as a variety of S. Legumen.

22. §. (Pleurostauron) Legumen Eup. (1843). — V. elongated, biconstricted. Median infla-
tion not larger than the others. Ends rostrate. L. 0,03 to 0,035; B. 0,oos mm. Stauros reaching
nearly to the margin and not dilated outwards. Strie 27 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. Frustules
coherent in short bands. — Stauroptera Legumen Eup. Am. p. 135 Pl. I: 2, f. 5 (fide Kiitz.). Stauro-
neis Leg. Kitz. Bac. p. 107 Pl. XXIX f. 11. Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If 9. V. H. Syn. p. 69
PL. LY tt A.

150 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden, Areskutan! Gulf of Bothnia! Lake Almten in
Smaland! Scotland (Greg.), Belgium (V. H.).

S. Legumen is nearly akin to S. parvula and may be regarded as a biconstricted variety of
that species. If so Legumen should be the specific name.

23. S. (Pleurostauron) Smithii Gruy. (1860). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate, with slightly
triundulate margins; the median inflation being larger. Ends apiculate. IL. 0,02 to 0,03; B. 0,007
mm. Stauros narrow, reaching to the margins. Strie 28 to 30 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel. —
S. linearis W. Su. B. D. p. 60 Pl. XIX f. 193 (1853). S. Smithii Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 464 Pl. VI
f. 16. V. H. Syn. p. 69 Pl. IV f. 10. Pleurostawron linearis Hitsz Rab. A. E. N:o 1161 (1861).

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden, Gulf of Bothnia! Upsala! Saxony! Belgium (V. H.),
England! Illinois! Surinam!

This is a small, very characteristic form, which occurs isolated among other diatoms.

24. §. (Pleurostauron) Frauenfeldiana Grun. (1867). — V. fusiform, subacute. L. 0,07
to 0,11; B. 0,008 to 0,oo9 mm. Stauros strong and dilated at the margins. Strie 21 in 0,01 mm.
parallel, minutely punctate. — Pleuwros. Frauenf. Grun. Nov. p. 21 Pl. I f. 13.

Fresh water: Java (fossil)! New Zealand!

25. §. (Pleurostauron) javanica Grun. (1867). — V. lanceolate with rounded obtuse ends.
L. 0,12 to 0,21; B. 0,027 to 0,04 mm. Stauros linear, reaching the margin. Strie 12 to 14 in
0,01 mm. slightly radiate, punctate; puncta about 13 in 0,01 mm. — Pleurost. javanic. Grun. Novara
p. 21 PLIf14. 8. Szontaghii Panr. III Pl. VII f. 143 (1898).

Fresh water: Europe, Hungary, Bory (fossil)! Java! Australia (Blue Mountains)! Nova Scotia!
Canada! Chicago, interglacial peat!

This form is scarcely specifically distinct from S. acuta, although its form is nearly the
same as that of S. phoenicenteron.

26. §. (Pleurostauron) acuta W. Sm. (1853). -— V. rhombic-lanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the narrow, obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,15; B. 0,015 to 0,04 mm. Stauros broad,
dilated outwards, reaching the margin. Strive 12 to 16 in 0,01 mm. composed of distinct puncta,
12 to 16 in 0,01 mm. Frustules coherent in short bands. — W. Sm. B. D. I p. 59 Pl. XIX f. 187.
VY. H. Syn. p. 68 Pl. IV f 3. &. Kochit Pant. III Pl. VI f. 92 (1898).

Fresh water: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Sweden! Finland! England! Belgium (V. H.),
Germany! Greenland! Nova Scotia! Canada! Massachusetts! Argentina! Australia! New Zealand!

Var. Terryana Teme. — V. in L. 0,35; B. 0,055 mm. Striz and puncta 13 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: Connecticut!

Var. undulata Ct. — V. with triundulate margins. L. 0,16; B. 0,03 mm. Diaphragms
broad. Striz 15 to 16, puncta 15 in 0,01 mm

Fresh water: Murray River, Australia!

27. §. (Pleurostauron) Fulmen Brw (1859). — V. elongated, biconstricted. Median inflation
of about the same size as the others. Ends capitate. L. 0,2 to 0,22; B. 0,o028 to 0,03 mm.
Stauros reaching to the margins and somewhat dilated outwards. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm., slightly
radiate, punctate; puncta 13 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating, longitudinal rows. — Brw M. J. VII
p. 180 Pl. IX f. 6.

Fresh water: Java (foss.)! N. Zealand! Australia (Carpentaria Bay, Murrey River)!

St. Fulmen is very nearly akin to S. acuta and might be regarded as a variety. There is
the same relation between S. Fulmen and S. acuta as between S. Legumen and 8. parvula.

KONGL. SV. .VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 151

Subdivision Schizostauron GRuN.

In the year 1867 Grunow founded (Hedwigia VI p. 28) this genus for some marine diatoms
from Honduras. The diagnosis is «Frustulia naviculacea, valvis ovatis vel lanceolatis, nodulo cen-
trali transversim dilatato, lineari, utroque fine bifido (vel laciniato fimbriato)».

The, last characteristic »nodulo laciniato fimbriato» refers to 8. fimbriatum, which has since
been discovered to be the upper valve of Achnanthes danica. The other species named by Grunow
S. Lindigianum, 8. ovatum and S. Reichardtcanum are entirely unknown to me. I have since
found three species of fresh water habitat, which agree with Stauroneis, but have a cloven stauros.

28. §. Sagitta Cu. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with slightly triundulate margins and apiculate
ends having short diaphragms. IL. 0,03 to 0,04; B 0,006 to 0,01 mm. Stauros bifid with parallel
branches. Striz slightly radiate, 21 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. N. R. D. p. 15 Pl. III f. 45.

Slightly brackish water: Tana Elf in Finmark! Gulf of Bothnia!

This little form has a great resemblance to S. Smithii, but has coarser striz and a bifid stauros.

29. S. Crucicula Grun. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate, obtuse ends, having narrow
diaphragms. L. 0,03; B. 0,009 mm. Stauros bifid with divergent branches. Striz radiate, 25 in
0,o1 mm. — Schizost. Crucic. Grun. in Cl. N. R. D. p. 16 Pl. III f. 44.

Fresh water: Merrimac River! Rio Purus, Brazil!

30. S. andicola Cx. (1881). — V. convex, linear with rounded ends. L. 0,032 to 0,036;
B. 0,007 to 0,008 mm. Terminal fissures in contrary directions. Stauros bifid, its branches divergent.
Strie almost transverse, 22 in 0,01 mm. — S. andic. Cu. Diat. fr. Groen. and Argentina Pl. XVI f. 8.
Fresh water: Sierra de Velasco, Argentina! Cameroon!

31. 8. Lindigiana Groy. (1867). — V. broadly elliptical or suborbicular. L. 0,029; B. 0,021
mm. Median line complex. Central nodule transversely dilated, at the ends bifurcate; its branches
parallel to the margin. Strie 36 in 0,01 mm. parallel. — Schiz. Lindigianum Gruy. Hedwigia
VI p. 28. S. Lindigii Grun. T. R. M. 8. 1877 p. 181 Pl. CXCV f. 17.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.).

32. 8. ovata Grun. (1867). — Valve, size and median line as in S. Lindigiana. Stauros
linear, with short, slightly divergent branches prolonged to the margins of the valve. Strie 26
in 0,01 mm, parallel. — Schiz. ovatum Grun. Hedwigia VI p. 28.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.).

33. S. Reichardtiana Grun. (1867). — V. broadly lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,026
to 0,036; B. 0,016 to 0,019 mm. Median line straight. Central nodule transversely dilated, bi-
furcate, with arcuate, divergent branches. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. punctate, subradiate. — Schiz.
Reichardtianum Grun. in Hedw. Vol. VI p. 28 (name only). Schiz. Reichardii Grun. T. R. M. S.
1877 p. 181 Pl. CXCV f. 18.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Subdivisions Microstigma and Libellus.

34. N. Scopulorum Brés. (1849). — V. linear, slender, often gibbous in the middle and at
the ends, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,1 to 0,26; B. 0,009 to 0,o16 mm. Median line with
approximate central pores and distant terminal nodules. Terminal fissures indistinct. Axial area
indistinct; central very small. Striw 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, convergent at
the ends, distinctly punctate, puncta about 19 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating longitudinal rows.
— Brés. in Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 81. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 547 Pl. IIIf. 6. Donx. B. D. p. 73 Pl. XII

152 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

f. 5. Pinnularia Johnsonii W. Sm. B. D. XIX f. 179 (1853). Nav. Johns. V. H. Syn. p. 99
Suppl. B. f. 28.

Brackish water: S. coasts England (W. Sm.), Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Sumatra!
Labuan! Japan (Deby Coll.)! East Cape. North Siberia! Brazil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. belgica V. H. (1885). — V. linear slightly gibbous in the middle. L. 0,06 to 0,07;
B. 0,0075 mm. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. — MN. John. v. belg. V. H. Syn. Suppl. B. f. 29.

Marine: Belgium!

Var. fasciculata Grun. (1879). — V. linear, not gibbous in the middle. I. 0,08 to 0,12 mm.
Strie in the middle 16 to 18, at the ends 21 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in Cl. M. D. Nio 178.

Brackish water: Bengal!

N. Scopulorum is a very characteristic form, which seems not to be very nearly allied to
any other species but the following. It occurs frequently with numerous transverse siliceous bars,
or in a craticular state, and has then been named Climaconeis Frauenfeldit Grun. Verh. 1862
p. 421 Pl. IV f. 2. Cl. Lorenziit Groun. 1. c. Pl. V f. 7. Cl. linearis Jan. Rab. Hond. p. 6 Pl. II
f. 2 (1862). Stictodesmis australis Gruv. Ed. N. Phil. J. XVIII p. 34 Pl. I f. 1—4 (1863).

Var. perlonga Brun (1891). — V. very narrow, linear. L. 0,33 to 0,4; B. 0,007 mm. Strize
in the middle 18, in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, at the ends 20 in 0,01 mm. convergent, punctate,
puncta about 27 in 0,01 mm. — Brun D. Esp. n. p. 39 Pl. XV f. 2. WN. famelica Caste. Osserv.
Cicloph. p. 9 (1889) accord. to De Toni.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Brun Coll.)!

35. N. Weissflogii Grun. (1878). — V. rhomboid, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,085; B.
0,026 to 0,034 mm. Median line with distant median and terminal pores. Terminal fissures in-
distinct. Axial area indistinct.; central area small and elongated. Striz 15 (middle) to 20 (ends)
in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, punctate, puncta 11 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal undulating
rows. — Brebissonia? Weissflogit Grun. in Cl. West. Ind. D. p. 7 PLIf. 9.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

This species is scarcely a Brebissonia, but in my opinion nearer akin to N. rhombica, having

as the last, the terminal nodules at some distance from the ends, and the strie more distant in
the middle.

36. N. (Libellus) rhombica Gree. (1855). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with subacute ends.
L. 0,055 to 0,195; B. 0,013 to 0,024 mm. Median line with the terminal nodules at some distance
from the ends. Terminal fissures indistinct. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, orbicular.
Striz 14 (middle) to 17 (ends) in 0,01 mm. nearly parallel on the middle part of the valve, con-
vergent in the ends, punctate, puncta 13 in 0,01 mm. forming un-
dulating longitudinal rows. Frustules in zonal view quadrate, with com-
plex connecting zone. — Grec. M. J. III p. 40 Pl. IV fi 16. T. M.S.
IV p. 88 PL Vf. I.

Marine: Coasts of Scotland (Greg.), Greenland! Sumatra! Japan
(fossil, Tempére)!

Var. japonica Brun 1891. — L. 0,13 to 0,2; B. 0,035 to 0,05 mm.
Strie 13 (middle) to 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Schizonema Japonicum
Brun D. Esp. n. p. 43 Pl. XIV f. 6.

Marine: Sendai, Japan, fossil!

The living frustules of N. rhombica have two deeply indented
plates along the connecting zone.

N. rhombica wiht cell-contents
500 times magnified.

37. N. (Schizonema Libellus) Grevillei Ac. (1830). — V. lanceolate-elliptical, with obtuse

ends. L. 0,03 to 0,07; B. 0,015 mm. Median pores distant, terminal pores at some distance from

the end. Axial area indistinct, central area small. Striz 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. (closer, 20 to 27

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2, 1538

in 0,01 mm. at the ends), the 4 to 5 median strie being stronger and more radiate than the others,
which become transverse towards the ends. Connecting zone with numerous longitudinal divisions.
Frustules enclosed in mucous tubes of various shape. — Schizonema Grev. Ac. Consp. p. 18. W. Sm.
B. D. II p. 77 Pl. LVIII f. 364. Grun. A. D. p. 42. V. H. Syn. p. 110 Pl XVI f. 2. Schizonema
sectio comoidea Grun. Bot. Centr. 1880. Schiz. comoides V. H. Syn. XVI f. 3. Schiz. apiculatum
and var. V. H. Syn. 1. ce. f. 4—8. Navic. Delognei V. H. Syn. p. 110 Pl. XI f. 13.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Coasts of England (Sm.), Arctic America! Green-
land! Cape Deschneff (North Siberian Sea)! West Indies! Kergnelens Land! California!

N. Grevillei is closely connected with N. rhombica, and it is questionable whether they
should not be united. A great number of species of Schizonema have been founded on the shape
of the gelatinous tubes, in which the frustules are enclosed in the living state. As the frustules
of these forms are in all essential respects similar, there seems to be no sufficient reason for
adopting these species.

38. N. Libellus Gree. (1857). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, convex, with acute ends. L. 0,065
to 0,15; B. 0,016 to 0,035 mm. Terminal nodules near the ends; terminal fissures indistinct. Axial
and central areas indistinct. Striz 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm., on larger form, or about 18 in 0,01 mm.
on smaller forms, very slightly radiate, almost parallel at the ends, distinctly punctate, puncta
(13 to 16 in 0,01 mm.) forming undulating, longitudinal rows. Connecting zone with numerous,
longitudinal divisions. —- Gree. D. of Cl. p. 528 Pl. XIV f. 101. WN. rhombica Donk. B. D. Pl. IX f. 1.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Macassar Straits! Oamaru, fossil! Sendai, Japan, fossil!

N. Libellus is very similar to N. rhombica, but has the terminal nodules closer to the ends
and the striz almost parallel at the ends. The terminal fissures are difficult to observe as the
ends of the valve are curved downwards.

39. N. (Libellus) complanata Grun. (1867). —- V. linear-lanceolate, acute. LL. 0,035; B.
0,oo5 mm. Strie 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. Frustule rectangular. L. 0,054; B 0,033 mm. Connecting
zone with numerous, longitudinal divisions. — Amphora complanata Grun. Hedwigia VI p. 25.
A. 8. Atl XXVI f. 45. MNavic.? compl. Grun. A. D. p. 42 (1880).

Marine: Davis Strait! Sea of Kara (Grun.), Finmark! Bohuslin! Adriatic (Grun.).

Var. subinflata Grun. (1875). — Frustule rectangular. L. 0,04; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm.
Slightly inflated in the middle. — Amphora subinfl. Grun. A. 8. Atl XXVI f. 48, 49.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Var. hyperborea Grun. (1884). — Frustule rectangular. L. 0,05;
B. 0,0165 mm. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. — Amphora hyperborea Grun.
Franz Josephs Land D. p. 55 (8) Pl. I f. 10.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Sweden, Fiskebackskil!

Nav. complanata is nearly akin to N. Libellus, but is no Am-
phora, though the frustules have some resemblance to that genus.
The valves are rarely met with and difficult to observe. N. sub-
inflata and hyperborea are scarcely specifically distinct.

The living frustule has two chromatophore-plates, each ex-

tending along the connecting zone from the ends towards the central
nodule.

<
40. N. (Libellus) Hyalosira Cu. (1822). — V. convex, thin, N. complanata with cell-contents
lanceolate, rostrate or with rounded ends. L. 0,025 to 0,03; B. 0,0066 OO): Snake msealierl:
mm. Strive 29 in 0,01 mm. punctate. Frustule slightly siliceous, quadrate. L. 0,025; B. 0,017 mm.
Connecting zone broad, with numerous and distant longitudinal divisions. — Cr. M. D. N:o 309.
Diatomiste I p. 77 Pl. XII f. 11.
Marine: Firth of Tay! Cresswell (Deby Coll.)!
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd 26, Nio 2. 20

154 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

41. N. (Libellus) aponina Kivz. (1836). — V. narrow, lanceolate, acute. LL. 0,025; B. 0,004
mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strize about 30 in 0,01 mm. Connecting zone longitu-
dinally striate. — Brachysira aponina Kitz. Dec. N:o 153 (according to Lagst.). Nav. apon. Kt7z2.
Bac. p. 91 Pl. IV f. 1. V. H. Syn. Pl. XID f. 15. Laasr. Ofvers. af K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh.
1884 Pl. X f. 8. Lébellus apon. De Tont Atti del R. Inst. de Scienze (ser. VII) VII p. 967.

Hot springs: Abano (Italy).

The above description is from the figure in V. H. Syn. as I have had no opportunity of
examining this species.

42. N. (Libellus) Bulnheimii Gru. (1880). — V. linear-lanceolate, with rostrate to capitate
ends. L. 0,02; B. 0,003 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie parallel, 30 in 0,01 mm., the two median
stronger. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 108 Pl. XIV f. 6a.

Salines: »Sulza> (Rabh. Alg. 1301)!

Var. belgica Grun. — V. with somewhat obtuse ends. Connecting zone with fine, longitudinal
strie (V. H. Types N:o 113).

Marine: Ostend.

43. N. (Libellus) hamulifera Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, sometimes slightly asymme-
trical, with subacute ends. L. 0,051 to 0,058; B. 0,012 to 0,o14 mm. Median line with somewhat
approximate central pores. Its terminal fissures distinct, hook-shaped, turned in the same direction
and at some distance from the ends of the valve. Areas indistinct. Strie in the middle 19 to 21
in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, at the ends 25 in 0,01 mm., parallel, punctate; puncta, about 20 in
0,01 mm., forming undulating longitudinal rows. — Grun. A. D. p. 44. Icon. n. Pl. III f. 16, 17, 18.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Grun.), Adriatic (Grun.), Sebastopol! Ceylon (Weissflog Coll.)!
Java! Barbados!

Var. interrupta Cu. — L. 0,1; B. 0,02 mm. V. as in N. Libellus. Strie interrupted on
each side of the median line by a narrow longitudinal area. Striz 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. Puncta
23 in 0,01 mm. — PI. IIT f. 19.

Marine: Japan!

N. hamulifera closely resembles N. Libellus and is characterized by its hook-shaped, terminal
fissures.

44. N. (Libellus) plicata Donk. (1873). — V linear, convex, with obtuse ends. L. 0,06 to
0,09; B. 0,012 to 0,o16 mm. Terminal nodules close to the ends. Areas indistinct. Striz in the
middle 17 to 19 in 0,01 mm., almost transverse, at the ends 20 to 21 in 0.01 mm.. also transverse,
finely punctate, puncta about 18 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal, undulating rows. Frustule
in the zonal-view with fine, longitudinal striz on the connecting zone. — Donk. B. D. p. 59 Pl. IX
f. 2. Grun. A. D. p. 36.

Marine: Kara Sea (Grun.), England! Scotland! Baltic (Grun.), Balearic Islands! Triest (Grun.),
Labuan! Brazil!

Var. sumatrana CL. — V. very convex with more acute ends. L. 0,13 to 0,17; B. 0,017 to
to 0,o2 mm. Axial area indistinct; central small, orbicular. Striz 15 (middle) to 16 (ends) in
0,01 mm. transverse throughout, coarsely punctate, puncta about 17 in 0,01 mm., forming un-
dulating longitudinal rows. — N. oveia Castr. D. Challenger Exp. p. 31 Pl. XX f. 8 (1886)?

Marine: Island of Muntok, Sumatra (Grove Coll.)! Java!

45. N. Garkeana Grun. (1863). — V. linear, with obtuse ends. L. 0,04 to 0,095; B. 0,011 to
0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct; central very small, elongated. Strie 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm.,
almost parallel, distinctly punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal rows.
Frustule in zonal-view arcuate, subrectangular, with broad connecting zone, on which are 2 to 4
rows of short striz (13 in 0,01 mm.). — Rhotconeis Gar. Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 148 Pl. IV f. 12.
Marine: Behrings Strait! Kamortha! California! North Pacific Ocean (Grun.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 155

This species is remarkable for its arcuate valves, but in its essential characteristics seems
to be nearest allied to N. plicata.

46. N. suavis Cu. and Grove N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, flat. L. 0,115; B. 0,04
mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area small, rounded. Median line ending close at the
margin. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm. equidistant throughout, finely punctate; puncta about 18 in
0,o1 mm., somewhat coarser around the central nodule, forming undulating longitudinal rows. —
Pl. IEE £ Sl, 32.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

47. N. plicatula Gruyn. Ms. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with subacute ends, convex, with a
more or less distinct longitudinal depression on each side of the median line. L. 0,075 to 0,115;
B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Median line with approximate central pores and small terminal nodules at
the ends of the valve, flexuose. Areas indistinct. Strie 15 to 19 in 0,01 mm. at the middle,
slightly divergent, and 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. at the ends, parallel, and finely, but distinctly
punctate. — Pl. III f. 28.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Balearic Islands! Madagascar! Seychelles! Japan (Brun Coll.)!

This is a very characteristic species, remarkable for its undulating median line.

48. N. imelegans Grove and Sturr (1887). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the
middle to the somewhat obtuse ends, where are short transverse diaphragms. L. 0,18; B. 0,03 mm.
Median line with elongated central nodule and small terminal nodules at the ends of the valve.
Terminal fissures indistinct. Areas indistinct. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm. radiate at the ends, some-
times crossed on each side of the central nodule by a short and narrow lateral area, punctate;
puncta, about 15 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating longitudinal rows. — Grove and Srurr Q.
M. Cl, J.T p. 132 Pl. Xt 6, Jeons nw. PL V 4-16,

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

This species is a very characteristic form, remarkable for the diaphragms in the ends, as in
Pleurostauron. It bears some resemblance to N. Kappa of the same habitat.

49. N. (Scoliopleura) tumida Bris. (1849). — V. lanceolate, gradually attenuated to the
subacute ends. L. 0,1 to 0,16; B. 9,025 mm. Median line slightly sigmoid. Axial area very
narrow; central area small, somewhat elongated. Striew 13 to 14 in
0,01 mm., in the middle where a few frequently are shorter than
the others, more distant, slightly radiate (at the ends transverse)
finely punctate. Frustule in the zonal-view rectangular with rounded
angles. Connecting zone slightly oblique, not complex. — Bris. in
Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 77. WN. Jenneriti W. Su. B. D. I p. 49 Pl. XVI
f. 134 (1853). Scolioplewra tumida V. H. Syn. p. 112 Pl. XVII
f. 11. 18. Pant. III Pl. XVII f. 245.

Marine and brackish: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), North
Sea! Sebastopol! Ceylon! Sydney!

Var. adriatica Grun. (1860). — V. 0,027; B. 0,008 mm. Me-
dian line strongly sigmoid. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. -— Scoliopleura
adriatica Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 554 Pl. V f. 24.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

I have seen a few living specimens of N. tumida. They had
along the zone two chromatophore-plates, with entire margins. Each
plate contained a row of 6 large, orbicular pyrenoids. At the ends

of the frustules a number of small granules in lively motion was Ae Rieti nih aan
visible. -- times magnified.

”

156 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

50. N. auklandica Gruy. (1863). —- V. linear, with broad rounded ends, convex. L. 0,05
to 0,06; B. 0,018 mm. Median line straight, somewhat excentric; its terminal fissures turned in
contrary directions and of somewhat unequal length. Axial area indistinct; central very small.
Striz 10 (middle) to 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, punctate, puncta about
18 in 0,01 mm. Frustule rectangular with rounded corners, somewhat constricted in the middle.
Connecting zone with several longitudinal rows of short strie (Grun.). — Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 151
Pl]. V f. 14. Novara p. 17. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 15.

Marine: Auckland (Grun.), Port Jackson! Australia!

A very characteristic species, which seems to be related to N. tumida.

51. N. Jimboi Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate, rostrate, obtuse. L. 0,042; B. 0,019 mm.
Axial area indistinct. Central area small, transverse, with a stigma, close to the central nodule,
Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. radiate, but parallel at the ends, punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. —
Pant. III Pl. V f. 81.

Habitat?: »Sentenai» (Pant.).

This form resembles NV. mutica, which also has a stigma on the central area, but the central
area of N. Jimboi is very small. It is doubtful whether it should be placed in this group.

Cymbella Ac. (1830).

Valve elongated, boat-shaped or more or less asymmetrical to the longitudinal axis. Median
line excentric. The terminal nodules near the ends of the valve, and the terminal fissures turned
to the dorsal, or ventral, side, or straight. Structure transverse, usually radiate, rows of puncta,
or finely lineate striz on both sides of the median line. Connecting zone not complex. Cell-
contents a single chromatophore, the longitudinal axis of which follows the dorsal part of the con-
necting zone. The chromatophore covers the inside of the frustule, with the exception of the
ventral part of the connecting zone and the branches of the median line. The division of the
chromatophore begins in the ends of the plate on the dorsal side. In conjugating, the mother-
cells, usually produced by division of a parent cell, and enclosed in a gelatinous mass produce two
auxospores, parallel to the mother-cells. Before conjugation the cell-contents of one of the mother-
cells is divided into two masses, each of which unites with a similar mass of the other mother-cell.

As early as 1817 Nrrszcu described some Cymbelle under name the of Bacillaria fulva and
B. phoenicenteron, and in 1829 Eurensere founded the genus Cocconema for the stipitate forms.
AgarpH in 1830 founded the genus Cymbella (Consp. crit. 1) for diatoms with »frustula elliptica,
libera vel muco amorpha involuta, binatim conjuncta». Some of the species included by AcaRDH
in this genus belong doubtless to what we now name Cymbella. Later on, in 1830, Ktrzine
created the genus Encyonema for the cymbelloid forms included in gelatinous tubes. Most authors
since then have adopted these three genera and have regarded as Cymbella, forms which live free;
as Cocconema, forms attached to gelatinous stalks; and as Encyonema, forms included in tubes.
The valves of all these forms are in all essential points similar, and frustules of stipitate or enclosed
forms frequently occur free; for which reasons HzIsEre (Consp. Crit. Diat. p. 107) 1863 united them
in one genus, for which he considered the name Cymbella more adequately fitting, although a
little more recent than Cocconema. There can be no doubt as to the advisability of uniting Cym-
bella and Cocconema, but some hesitation may be felt in uniting Encyonema which has somewhat
differently shaped terminal fissures. On the other hand transitions exist between the downward
turned terminal fissures of Encyonema and the reflexed fissures of Cymbella, as for instance in
C. helvetica; and I think it most convenient to follow the proposition of HeErsere.

The most characteristic feature of Cymbella is the asymmetrical form of the valves, but
this characteristic is subject to much variation. There are all transitions from boat-like to almost

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 26. wo 2. 157

symmetrical naviculoid forms. On the other hand several species in other groups of naviculoid dia-
toms are more or less decidedly asymmetrical. For instance, all the larger forms of Pinnularia shew
a tendency to asymmetry. The same is the case with numerous varieties of Trachyneis aspera.
All the Amphore are asymmetrical, and usually in a more decided manner than the Cymbelle.
From some groups of the old genus Amphora the Cymbelle differ only by their connecting zone
not being complex. From other groups of the same genus the distinction is attended with more
difficulty, especially in the new group Cymbamphora, the valves of which are still more asymme-
trical, having the median line close to the ventral margin. But the Cymbamphore are marine
or brackish, while the Cymbelle usually are of fresh-water habitat.

The structure of the Cymbelle consists of puncta disposed in rows or of transverse striz,
which are more or less transversely lineate. The striew in the middle of the valve are radiate and
somewhat more distant than in other parts of the valve. In the ends they are parallel or radiate.
They either reach the median line, or end at some distance from it, leaving a narrow axial area,
frequently dilated around the central nodule. In some species there is a shallow depression on the
ventral side of the central nodule, the median ventral strie appearing to be crossed, below the
central nodule, by a semicircular furrow. In one division of Cymbella there is in the middle of
the central nodule or on its ventral side a peculiar punctum or pore, for which I use the name
stigma. If the stigma is below the nodule, a fine, fissure-like line proceeds from it into the nodule.
The median line is in some species oblique and therefore broad, shewing a complex structure, as
in some Pinnularias. The terminal nodules are usually close to the end of the valve, and the
fissures, especially in the boat-like forms, reflexed to the dorsal side. In the naviculoid forms it is
comma-like, and in C. helvetica straight, in the direction of the median line, thus forming a passage
to Encyonema, which has the terminal fissures bent downwards.

The Cymbelle are certainly nearly akin to the Navicule of the section Lineolate. Navicula
dicephala is closely connected with C. amphicephala, and C. naviculiformis, and with these a number
of forms are more or less related:

Navicula dicephala

Cymbella amphicephala Cymbella naviculiformis
C. Ehrenbergii C. tumida C. heeeocienea
C. asnete C. Cistula c ‘iamoiien
C. lanceolata C. Janischii.

Cymb. microcephala shews some signs of affinity to Navicula Bulnheimii, and we may thus
trace passages to a number of forms

Navicula Bulnheimii
?

|
Cymbella microcephala
C. Cesatii

C. angustata C. stauroneiformis

C. austriaca.

Cymbella alpina is an isolated form, without, so far I can see, any close relation to the
Lineolate, although the structure of the strie is the same as in the typical form of that group of
Navicula. Cymb. sinuata is also an isolated form, which seems to have its nearest relatives in
Gomphonema.

158 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

The species of Cymbella are frequently very variable and transitorial. Many names have
been proposed for forms, which differ only in trifling characteristics. The descriptions and figures
in the literature leave very much to desire; and in many cases, where original specimens are not
accessible, it is impossible to decide what the names given by the authors actually denote. Under
such circumstances it is extremely difficult to treat the numerous forms of this genus.

Most Cymbelle live in fresh water, a few only in slightly brackish water, and none
is marine. They occur in all parts of the world, from Spitsbergen and arctic America to the
Tropics. Many species live, attached to gelatinous stalks, in enormous masses, in rivulets, on moist
rocks, and water-plants.

In the following artificial key some imperfectly known forms, marked * in the text are not
included. The key must not be regarded as absolutely exact, its definitions being somewhat elastic,
as indeed the forms themselves are.

Artificial key.

Valve cymbiform fs ge te rot GUERRA me Fels ae
naviculoid : . iho, ee £45 A eee Bye Beh Fe BS
Central nodule with a stone. aR Ae a ray eee Tash Gee anaes ae» “Be
— without stigma ... . 6... ll ob) ae aad the Sie 7.
eae below the nodule... ....... ‘ Ka ae obs B ‘ 4.
_— ; we Jaa oe Sige: ape lip lek ce 5.
Strie sey punctate OH eo Bama OR. ke C. australica A. 8.
— finely _— Gee, ve Be Gicte> des ie Gabesnacss . C. tumida Bris.
Ends broad, rounded. ... 1. ..... 2. ew» 1 C Janischii A. §.
subtruncate, obtuse . 3 : : ie), ie oto, SO
Central areasmall... . ..... ; c.g ae ae ape Se C. mexicana Eup.
— large . Ke Bp Re ew ‘ : C. punctifera CL.
Median ventral strie ending with isolated puncta © © ale 8.
— not — — ca et en ee eee 12.
Punctum- one: 2. ei eS Aa a ee ele A Ge aOR Y C. cymbiformis Kitz.
Puncta two or more . .... tk i Poe AS Se 9.
Puncta two... .. eee ee ww G. turgidula Grun. (C. Cistula var.)
Several ie: Gao B a ae Se eee a ae Bee Seer eenias car ae abso aca 10.
Median line dilated towards the ends... ...... oe 4) a C. Sturit Grun.
— not _ _ fe) Seah Se ds GR. og ee ge las aps eek eB) gs 11.

ne
shes
ae
|
Ne
ce
ce
|
i
i [se BURR EG.) 9 a ae an gileh gs A de ee cee. O. Cistula Hempr.
Pe
oe
A
pe
=
2 ae
ie
oie
i

oe

fines 6 4 See See Oe ee oe ee ad C. Stuxbergii Cu.
Median line straight, approximate to the ener MATA cy aes Oar ee 13.
— arcuate, distant from — — i oe stmt ene Senn tt eas 22.
Terminal nodules distant from the ends .. ..... «2. eeveus bees MAY
near the ends a F Coke Sy ae py + 16.

Strie COATSCS ok ow a Ege ES ORE Ge ei ea ar .: praieasia BERK.

fine... .. ak 5.3 : . . .C. helvetica monstrosity.
Strie coarsely ouinptete. es Rhea fd ky Bests & Ib me Se as 16.
finely —_ So RG Re om ee Ah Sg ee Boddy. < iy ese ee 17.

Axial area very narrow...) ee ee C. Triangulum Exp.

— distinct 120 6 6. ee ... C. turgida Grue.
Median line close to the margin ia : rar: rare ‘ 2 4 18.
— at some distance from the margin. . ...... «....i.a. 19.

Bids capitate» 4 0 @ foe A ae ee we ee ae ag . . @. Jordani Grun.

obtuse, reflexed .... ©. .... iso AR eat ste dos C. inelegans Cu.

— imeurved..........4. nS St Seer er C. ventricosa Kirz.

Valve lunate; broad... 1. 7 we gel, int sass sade abs .. . C. hebridica Grun.

os MATPOW apg ac ee aP a Ce Sg ae oe eH be daca singed Wey Wed 20.

Acute. ...... Wety | Rireoardds Cavasigatesn ef Bo fin da Gates a OTE

Obtuse) BES¢.29 wie -feregomcdleal dyn eee ee is C. norvegica GRun.

KONGL. SV. VET.

Axial area indistinct

os { — — distinct, linear
Valve subclavate
22, {
— mnotclavate .. 66% 2 epee
Axial area broad S. Rk ee 8 Ghee Bly
23.
— — narrow or indistinct Loe weereay Ge ah, cat, —«Cdieteb' ce
94 aoa and dorsal margins parallel... ....... +... ees
° = - —- — Not —- ee eeeaee ees
OUGHSEOR TRUNCATE: ose Se ad arc ie Gro ek See Bae Gee WE ed de
25,
ACTIGE cs kk Bet che an Ro a tie ee Rk ph ete eo de BS
26. ee delicate. .2 He * S24 Ses
— coarse.
Terminal fissures senate
27.
— —_ reflexed
Strie coarsely punctate
28.
— finely punctate... . eae
99 a about O04 mm. ........-.4.
* \L. about 012 mm 2... 1...
30 Median line almost straight ......... @& « .
: _— — arenate.........
31 yee strie radiate... .
i _ — nt— . .......,
39 Strongly asymmetrical .
| Slightly —
ges capitate . .
— yrostrate. . 2... «se eanee
33. | — apiculate
— not protracted... . . «eee
Strie very fine ......
a { — distintt? <% eke . 2846 & ¥#eewas
Axial and central areas indistinct. ....... «.
35. sae
\ -— = _ — distinct .......,
36 { Valve almost symmetrical ......
: — decidedly asymmetrical ... .....
37 | Median ventral strie ending with isolated puncta 4%
: — — — not — — — poe
Central area small or indistinct
38. ;
— — orbicular .......
L. 0,02 to 0,05 mm... . .
39.
L. 007 mm. or more... .....
40, L. about 0,025 mm. .... .
" | L. about 0,05 mm. ie a o pees oes ee See
Median strie about 9 in 0,01 mm. ...,... Bi aseel a
41.
ire ea, ee deta a aes
42. at StOUt 2 & a a ee ws Pe ee eS ae ete Ee ee roe
Bs! TNATTOW! ni ey Gia ew ee Page ee ee
Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. . ott tens ick
43. { sah nag
44 Ends: liread., 29% 4 #2 © ee wah o's
: — not very broad... 2. ee ee ee ee
Single. ae ee ie eae RR me eee ke A Mn
45. ‘tangs FO eee eee 06S OR BBL ae ee
46 Valve with nndulated margins .
i — = non — —
47. Po ObtH86..s cee ake ale OR ee
— acute..
48. Valve linear 2 7 6 wee ee
— lanceolate. ....

1 C. conifera Br. and Hérie.

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

BAND 26.

io 2.

. C. gracilis Ens.
C. yarrensis A. 8.

. C. Beccarti Grun.

23.
C. aspera Exp.

ses ant esa ese 24.
.C. Botellus Laest.

27.
C. helvetica Kitz.
28.
C. Cistula var.

C. lanceolata Exp.
C. parva W. SM.
C. affinis Kurz.
C. pusilla Grow.

C. levis Na&GELI.
C. rupicola Gron.

35.
36.
.C. naviculiformis AUERSW
.C. angustata W. Sm.
C. amphicephala NzcEL1.

C. tumidula Grun.
38.

: 41.
: ... . C. lata Gron.
. C. spuria Cr.

43.
. C. Stodderi Cu.
C. amphioxys Gru.
C. Cucumis A. 8.
C. Ehrenbergii Kitz.
C. hybrida Grun.

. . « @. heteropleura Exp.

C. Schmidtii Grun.
C. cuspidata Kirz.

Be ah RS ey ae a a.

_

159

160 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS,

Median strie more distant than the others . 2... 1... eee eee ee ee 50.

49.

— not — _— — See ee ee we) 6 CL incerta Gaon.

50. Central area dilated to the ventral margin... ........04. C. sinuata Gree.

— nt — —_— =. Riri Mae Ghee oe tee C. equalis W. Sm.

BL. | Yat almost. symmetrical «6266 42% Aw eee BRE we Re ee ee ow 52.

decidely asymmetrical ©. 2 2 6 1 ee 53.

59. eal BVea, Jared. era ae dk RC Geir. eA . C. Mélleriana Groun.

: Se: SMALL i ay Seth tees Qe sat Gea te tee ee ee CL lacustris Ae.

53. sa area narrow. ..... 2... eon! GP tap BAA aaaee cde ede Se es ap BES ae Sener 54.

— moderately broad «ss 2 ea ee awe SRD eee ewe 56.

BA. et about 0,03 to 0,04 mm ..... OG GOR neo HS GR aE ae eee 5A.

— 0,06 to0o7 mm... . .. ee oRepednce eae Hh . . C. borealis Cu.

BD. Stris ONC OO AMM ae eek Ble eG Be A a re ae ee AR C. alpina Grun.

i — about 10 in 0,01 mm... . < 4: Bec es C. equalis W. Su
Axial area dilated to a small eontval a BRC ese a SiG aes Bee Gea aE eae 57.

56.

— not — — _— Ea. bei oes Sok cle, Ulin hinge. Gaus Ae fae, hoe ak ae 58.

BT. jst Strie coarsely punctate... 2... C. Hauckii V. H.

finely Sp. og Bie ag Sea ee ee eS .... C. Reinhardtii Gaon.

z sala about 003 mm. . .. Ee ee a a ee ee C. leptoceros Grun.

58.

— 0,06 mm. Sastre » Aiciah ne 48 vapdattyeod de aac .. » C. austriaca Gron.
59. Median ventral strie ending in iaolateil punctta ..... C. tumidula var. salinarum.
— not..... A ee UR 0 ee aie ae ee ee 60.

60. ae Terminal nudales distant from the ends... .. .. » 1. eee CL Cesatit Rasa.
approximate to — ...... seis cat jee ecard . 61.
61. Median fae @ straight, strongly excentric ‘ nar be a . 62.
— subarcuate, nearly central .. ©. 2. Oe ee ee 63.

62. | Yate broad. B. 0,02 mm....... RO .» C. Triangulum Ens.

narrow. B. less than 0,01 mm. . . .. «1. .C. hebridica Gree.

63. Central area not dilated in the middle Wee 00tC*«*« A. C. acutiuscula Cu.

— abruptly dilated into a central area . . Wn fe de hy see een 9 64.

64. acs L. 0,05 to 0,1 mm... ... j a ee ee ee 65.
Small. L. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. fo ee “eR 00—i(itsCC AE Se ee 66.
Strie about - in Qo1 mm ......... ea He SL cg C. acuta A. 8S.

65. :

yi as eve gued, dee bie ee de ae C. oregonica Cu.
66. | Centra area ae de. Min Bho te ath. . ya ebhs pe tba: pate agg tne C. lapponica Grun.
— dilated outwards ...........0.4. . . C. stauroneiformis Lagst.
1. C. microcephala Grun. (1880). — V. almost symmetrical, linear, with rostrate-capitate

ends. L. 0,015 to 0,023; B. 0,003 to 0,004 mm. Median line almost central, straight; its central
pores approximate. Axial and central areas indistinct. Striee 24 to 30 in 0,01 mm. almost pa-
rallel. — Gruy. in V. H. Syn. p. 63 Pl. VIII f. 36 to 39. C. minuscula A. 8S. Atl. IX f.58 to 61?

Fresh water: Greenland! Scotland! Sweden (Vernamo, fossil)! Belgium (V. H.), Ecuador, Banos!

2. C. (Encyonema) Cesatii Rasy. (1853). — V. nearly symmetrical, narrow lanceolate,
gradually tapering from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,045 to 0,05; B. 0,006 to 0,007 mm.
Median line almost central, with approximate central pores and slightly curved terminal fissures
at some distance from the ends. Axial area narrow; central area small. Strie radiate throughout,
about 19 in 0,01 mm., very finely punctate. — Nav. appendiculata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 552 Pl IV
f. 29. Nav. Cesatii Rasy. Siissw. D. p. 89 Pl. VI f. 89. V. H. Syn. p. 88 Pl. VIII f. 35. Cym-
bella Cesatiti Grun. A. 8. Atl. LXXI f. 48, 49.

Fresh water: Greenland! Iceland! Swedish and Russian Lappland! Scotland! Sweden (We-
nern)! Belgium (V. H.), Piedmont (Rabh.), Canada!

This form, easily recognized by the distance of its terminal nodules from the ends of the
valve, is so slightly asymmetrical, that one might regard it as a Navieula. It seems to be an in-
habitant principally of northern or alpine regions. In Verh. 1860 (p. 571 Pl. VII f. 16) Grunow
mentions a Colletonema dubium as occurring together with C. Cesatii (his Nav. appendiculata) and

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 161

with frustules of the same appearance. It seems then probable that the frustules of C. Cesatii
occur enclosed in gelatinous tubes.

3. C. angustata W. Sm. (1853). — V. almost symmetrical, with, usually, slightly triundu-
late margins and capitate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,008 mm. Median line almost central, straight,
its central pores approximate and its terminal fissures in the ends of the valve. Axial area very
narrow or indistinct, not dilated in the middle. Strie about 16 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate
throughout. — N. angustata W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII f. 156. C. equalis A. S. Atl. IX f. 69.
C. equ. var. hybrida Grun. A. 8. Atl. LXXI f. 50. Navic. inequilatera Laas. Spitsb. D. p. 33
Fl. 4f £. 10,

Fresh water (alpine and arctic regions): Greenland! Spitsbergen! Scotland, England (W. Sm.),
Norway (Dovre)! Sweden (Gellivara, Degernis, Loka, Férarm in Asnen, fossil)! Finland (Imandra
to Karelen and Aland)!

4. C. Sehmidtii Grun. (1875). — V. almost symmetrical, broadly linear, with triundulate
margins and cuneate ends. I. 0,026; B. 0,009 mm. Median line almost central, slightly flexuose.
Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie about 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. — Grun. in
A. 8. Atl. TX f. 48.

Brackish water: Neusiedler See, Hungary (Atl.).

5. C. obtusiuscula (Kitz. 1844?) Grun. 1875. — V. slightly asymmetrical, broad, almost
elliptical, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,027; B. 0,012 mm. Median line almost central, straight.
Axial area very narrow; central area small and orbicular. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate.
— Kitz. Bac. p. 79 Pl. ITT f. 68. A. S. Atl. IX f. 49.

Fresh water: Steinitz See (Atl.).

6. C. alpina Grun. (1863). — V. slightly asymmetrical, lanceolate, with convex dorsal and
ventral margins and slightly obtuse ends. L. 0,023 to 0,04; B. 0,008 to 0,01 mm. Median line
straight, slightly excentric. Axial area very narrow, not dilated in the middle. Strie 5 in 0,01
mm., very slightly radiate, finely transversely lineate. — Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 148 Pl. IV f. 19.
A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 44, 45. Brun. Diat. des Alpes p. 62 Pl. III f. 7.

Fresh water (alpine regions): Tyrol (Grun.), Switzerland (Brun), Savoy!

This little species is very characteristic, not nearly akin to any other Cymbella, and di-
stinguished by its unusually coarse and lineate striz. It is an habitant of alpine regions only.
The fine lineation of the striw appears to indicate a relationship to the group Navicule lineolate,
but there is no closely allied from in that group.

7. C. borealis Cu. (1891). — V. slightly asymmetrical, linear-lanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the obtuse or slightly capitate ends. L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,007 to 0,09 mm.
Median line almost central, straight. Axial area very narrow, slightly or indistinctly dilated in
the middle. Strize 10 (middle) to 13 or 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm., very slightly radiate throughout,
very finely lineate. — Cu. D. of Finl. p. 46 Pl. IT f. 19.

Fresh water: Russian Lapland!

8. C. delicatula Kirz. (1849). — V. narrow, lanceolate, slightly asymmetrical, obtuse. L.
0,022 to 0,03; B. 0,005 to 0,oo6 mm. Striz 18 or 20 (dorsal) to 21 (ventral) in 0,01 mm., delicate.
— Korz. Sp. Alg. p. 59. A. S. Atl LXXI f. 54, 55. V. H. Syn. p. 62 Pl. IIT f. 6.

Fresh water (moist rocks ete.): Norway (Dovre, Brevig)! Sweden (Lapland to Skane)!
France! Savoy! Genéve!

This species is recognized by its narrow, almost linear, lanceolate valves and by its close
and delicate strie. It is nearly connected with C. levis, which has broader valves and somewhat
coarser strie. Intermediate forms exist between both.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad Hand!. Band 26. Ni:o 2. 21

162 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

As Cymbella elegans Cramer has issued in Rabh. Alg. Eur. N:o 1441 (1863) a sample con-
taining several Cymbelle, as C. Cistula, C. helvetica, C. delicatula, C. levis, C. affinis, C. lepto-
ceras, C. amphicephala and C. aspera. As no description or figure of C. elegans is given, it is
impossible to determine what form the name denotes.

9. C. levis Nazeztr (1849). — V. strongly asymmetrical, semilanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the ends. Dorsal margin arcuate; ventral margin straight or slightly convex
in the middle. L. 0,025 to 0,035; B. 0,007 to 0,008 mm. Median line somewhat excentric and
slightly arcuate. Axial area indistinct. Strie of the dorsal side 13 (middle) to 15 (ends) in 0,01
mm., slightly radiate. Strie of the ventral side 16 (middle) to 17 (ends) in 0,01 mm. almost pa-
rallel and finely punctate. — Naga. in Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 59. V. H. Syn. p. 62 Pl. III f. 7.
A. S. Atl. IX f. 35.

Fresh’ water: Norway (Dovre)! Sweden (Gellivaara to Ortofta in Skane)! Finland (Lapland
to Karelen)! Scotland! Ziirich (Grun.), Tours du Rhéne!

10. ©, pusilla Grown. (1875). — V. asymmetrical, narrow, semilanceolate, with subacute ends
and arcuate dorsal, straight or slightly convex ventral, margin. L. 0,23 to 0,04; B. 0,005 to 0,0075
mm. Median line straight, strongly excentric. Axial area very narrow, not, or slightly, dilated
around the central nodule. Strie 15 to 18 (middle) or 16 to 20°(ends) in 0,01 mm., radiate in
the middle, transverse at the ends. — Grun. in A. 8. Atl. IX f. 36, 87. V. H. Syn. Pl. III f. 5.

Brackish water: Sweden (Baltic: Gothland, Malmé)! Halle! Neusiedler See (Grun.), Caspian
Sea (Grun.), Normandy! Belgium (V. H.), Bayonne (Atl.), Sardinia (Grun.), Mouth of Jenissey!
South Africa! Ecuador!

11. C. yarrensis A. 8S. (1881). — V. narrow, semilanceolate, acute. L. 0,075 to 0,11; B.
0,o12 to 0,015 mm. Median line nearly central; its terminal fissures in the ends. Axial area
narrow, linear, dilated in the middle to an elongated central area. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm., somewhat
more distant in the middle, where they are radiate, parallel in the ends. — Encyon? yarrense
A. 8S. Atl. LXXI f. 16. .

Slightly brackish water: Yarra-Yarra (Australia)! Tasmania!

12. C. rupicola Grun. (1881). — V. slightly asymmetrical, lanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the subacute ends. L. 0,027 to 0,034; B. 0,0045 to 0,o055 mm. Median line
almost central, straight. Axial area narrow, not dilated in the middle. Dorsal strize 12 (middle)
to 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. Ventral striz 16 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate —
Groun. in A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 70, 71.

Fresh water (moist rocks): Arctic America! Scotland (V. H. Types), Salzburg (Atl.).

This species is very nearly akin to C. levis and differs scarcely in anything except the
less asymmetrical valves.

13. €. Reinhardtii Grun. (1875). — V. slightly asymmetrical, elliptic-lanceolate, with
convex dorsal and ventral margins. Ends obtuse. I. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,008 to 0,014 mm. Median
line nearly central, straight. Axial area narrow, gradually dilated to the middle, where it ex-
pands to a moderately large central area. Striz 10 (middle) to 13 or 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm. The
median striz are more distant than the rest and slightly radiate. Towards the ends the stria
become almost parallel. — A. S. Atl. IX f. 27. Cru. M. D. Nio 182.

Fresh water: Norway (Romsdalen)! Steinitz Sea (Atl.).

The above description is from specimens in Cl. M. D. 132, determined by Grunow as
C. Reinhardt.

14. C. leptoceros (Exus. 1843?) Gruy. — V. asymmetrical, lanceolate, with slightly gibbous
ventral margin and obtuse, sometimes slightly attenuated ends. L. 0,02 to 0,04; B. 0,008 to 0,01
mm. Median line slightly arcuate. Axial area linear, not dilated around the central nodule.

KONGL’ SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wni:o 2, 1638

Strie 9 or 11 (middle) to 12 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, especially near the ends, punctate;
puncta about 22 in 0,01 mm. — Coce. lept. Eup. Am. Pl. I: 2 f. 30. Cy. leptoc. V. H. Syn. p. 62
Pl. Il f 18, III f. 24 (f. curta) Suppl. A. f. 2 (£. elongata). Cy. hungarica Pay. II p. 40 Pl. I
f. 14 (1889)?

Fresh water: Rostock (foss.), Belgium! Hungary foss. (Pant.)? Mexico, foss.!

Var. minor Grun. (1882). — L. 0,026; B. 0,007 mm. — Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 142
Pl. XXIX f. 32.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. angusta Grun. (1882). — L. 0,024 to 0,04; B. 0,005 to 0,01 mm. Strie 12 to 15 in
0.01 mm. -- Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 142 Pl. XXIX f. 33, 34.

Fresh water: Greenland! Hungary, fossil (Grun.), Geneva! Savoy!

Var. excisa Pet. (1877). — Ventral margin indented in the middle. —- C. turgida var. excisa Prt.
Bull. Soc. Bot. de France 1877 Pl. If. 2. A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 35. Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 142.

Fresh water: Marly, near Paris (according to Grunow).

The most marked characteristic of CU. leptoceros is the distinct axial area, which seems to
become much reduced in some of the varieties, named by GRunow, especially in the var. excisa
which I have placed here on the authority of Grunow. Specimens of that var. from Marly (Cl. M.
D. N:o 195) agree in my opinion with C. tumidula Grun.

The following forms, found in a fossil state in Hungary and described by Pantocsek seem
to be nearly akin to C. leptoceros.

C. kavnensis Pant. (II p. 40 Pl. XI f. 186). — L. 0,025; B. 0.0075 mm. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm.

C. Neupauert Panv. (II p. 40 Pl. XI-f. 187). — L. 0,027; B. 0,0095 mm. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm.

Specimens from Gyéngids-Pata, which I have examined, are scarcely distinguishable from
C. leptoceros in Van Heurck’s Types.

15. C. austriaca Grun. (1875). — V. asymmetrical; with arcuate dorsal margin and slightly
convex ventral margin. Ends obtuse and rounded. L. 0,045 to 0,068; B. 0,012 to 0,017 mm,
Median line somewhat excentric, nearly straight, broad (oblique). Axial area distinct, linear, not
widened in the middle. Strie 11 or 13 (dorsal) to 13 or 14 (ventral) in 0,01 mm., radiate through-
out, punctate; puncta about 21 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in A. S. Atl. IX f. 10, LXXI f. 67 to 69.

Fresh water: Tyrol (Atl.), Switzerland (St. Gingolf, Engadine)!

Var. prisca Grun. (1882). — L. 0,05 to 0,078; B. 0,013 to 0,019 mm. Median line slightly
arcuate. Area slightly dilated on the dorsal side of the central nodule. Strie 9 (middle) to 11
(ends) in 0,01 mm., punctate. Puncta 23 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 143
Pl. XXIX f. 29.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. excisa Grun. (1882). — Smaller. Ventral margin indented. — Grun. Foss. D. Osterr.
Ung. Pl. XXTX f. 27. Pawr. IIT Pl. I f. 11.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.). a

C. austriaca, which seems to inhabit the alps only, is characterized by its median line, being
oblique and therefore broad in the middle between the central and terminal nodules, by its dis-
tinctly punctate strie and non-rostrate ends. It is evidently akin to C. leptoceros. Cymb. Erdében-
yana Pant. (II p. 40 Pl. XI f. 198; 1889) agrees completely with C. austriaca, as I have convinced
myself by examining specimens from Erdébenye.

16. €. Stodderi Ci. (1881). — V. slightly asymmetrical, narrow, lanceolate, with subrostrate
ends. L. 0,075 to 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. Median line almost central, straight; its terminal fissures
approximate to the ends. Axial area moderately broad, linear-lanceolate, not abruptly dilated
around the central nodule. Strie strongly radiate in the middle, 10 or 11 (middle) to 12 (ends)
in 0,01 mm., not distinctly punctate. — Cu. N. R. D. p. 5 Pl If. 5. Cu. M. D. N:o 212, 274.

Fresh water: Monmouth (Maine), Bemis Lake (White Mountains)! Caldas (Brazil)!

164 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID. DIATOMS.

This species is probably akin to Nav. Monmouthiana Grun., and its place here is somewhat
doubtful.

17. C. amphioxys Kirz. (1844) Grun. — V. almost symmetrical, narrow linear-lanceolate,
with subrostrate ends. L. 0,07; B. 0,007 mm. Median line almost central, straight. Axial area
narrow; central area indistinct. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle and slightly
convergent in the ends, not distinctly punctate. — Navic. amphiorys Kitz. Bac. p. 91 Pl. XXVIII
f. 372 Cymb. navic. var. amphioyx Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 273 (1879).

Fresh water: Degernis, Westerbotten, Sweden, fossil!

This form, frequent in Cl. M. D. N:o 273, seems not to be akin to C. naviculacea, but rather
to the group of Navicula radiosa, having, like those, the terminal strie convergent.

18. C. acuta A. 8. (1881). — V. almost symmetrical, lanceolate, with acute ends. LL. 0,05
to 0,085; B. 0,016 to 0,o2 mm. Median line almost central, straight. Axial area narrow, linear,
in the middle dilated to a rhomboid-orbicular central area. Strie 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm., very finely
punctate. — C. americana var. acuta A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 75 to 78.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Rosslingen in Calmar Lin)! Mouth of Jenissey! Demerara River!

19. C. acutiuseula CL. N. Sp. — V. slightly asymmetrical, lanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,07 to 0,095; B. 0,02 to 0,022 mm. Axial area narrow,
lanceolate, not (or on the ventral side slightly) dilated around the central nodule. Striz 9 to 10
(middle) or 11 (ends) in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle, parallel at the ends, coarsely
punctate; puncta 17 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 26.

Fresh water: Crane Pond! Waltham, Mass.!

This species is nearly akin to C. acuta, but has broader area and more coarsely punctate striz.

20. ©. Hauckii V. H. (1888). — V. asymmetrical-lanceolate, with arcuate dorsal margin,
slightly convex ventral margin and obtuse, not rostrate ends. L. 0,07 to 0,08; B. 0,018 to 0,02
mm. Median line slightly asymmetrical, almost straight. Axial area narrow, lanceolate, scarcely
dilated on the dorsal, but distinctly on the ventral side of the central nodule. Strie 10 (middle)
to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, coarsely punctate; puncta about 18 in 0,01 mm. —
V. H. in Hauck and Richter Phycoth. univ. N:o 147. Notarisia 1888 p. 622. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 24.

Fresh water: Triest!

The above description is from original specimens in Van Heurck’s collection. C. Hauckii is
similar to C. acutiuscula, but the striz are radiate in the ends, where they are much closer than
in the middle. C. Lindsayana Grev. (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII p. 234 Pl. III f. 5 to 8)
has the same size and outline as C. Hauckw, but, according to GREVILLE, somewhat coarser striz.
The description and figures given by GREVILLE are not sufficient for identification.

21. C. amphicephala Nazext (1849). — V. slightly asymmetrical, with arcuate dorsal and
almost straight ventral margin. Ends rostrate to rostrate-capitate. L. 0,025 to 0,04; B. 0,009 to
0,01 mm. Median line slightly excentric, almost straight. Axial and central areas indistinct.
Strie 12 or 14 (dorsal) to 16 (ventral) in 0,01 mm., more distant in the middle than’ elsewhere,
slightly radiate. — Nana. in Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 890. A. 8. Atl. IX f. 62, 64 to 66; LXXI f. 52.
V. H. Syn. p. 61 Pl. If. 6. C. naviculiformis Huts. Consp. Crit. p. 108 Pl. I f. 2.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Iceland! Sweden (Areskutan, Upsala, Billingen, Gulf of Bothnia)!
Denmark! Holstein! England! Saxony! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Ispahan (Atl.), ne
New Zealand! Brazil!

Var. subundulata Cu. — V. linear, with slightly triundulate margins and capieate ae
L. 0,04; B. 0,oo7 mm. Striee in the middle 16, at the ends 18 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Norway, Dovre!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wio 2. 165

Var. hercynica A. S. (1875). — V. rostrate. L. 0,029; B. 0,01 mm. Striz about 13 in 0,01 mm. —
C. here. A. 8. Atl. IX f. 30, 31. C. abyssinica Grun. in Martelli Florula bogosensis p. 151 Pl. I f. 3 (1886).
Fresh water: Juliushall, Harzburg (Atl.), Ringsjén (Sweden)! Abyssinia (Grun.).

22. C. lata Gruy. Ms. — V. slightly asymmetrical, broadly lanceolate, with subrostrate to
rostrate ends. L. 0,042 to 0,056; B. 0,016 to 0,018 mm. Median line almost straight and central.
Axial area narrow, linear, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Striz 9 (middle) to 12 (ends)
in 0,o1 mm. slightly radiate in the middle, almost parallel at the ends, finely punctate. — Pl. IV f. 27.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia at Pitea; Ore sjé, near Boras)!
Ladoga! Domblitten, Rostock and Liineburg, fossil!

This species resembles in outline C. Ehrenbergii, but is much smaller and has less distinctly
punctate strie.

23. (©. Cucumis A. 8. (1875). — V. broad, with convex dorsal and almost straight or slightly
convex ventral margin. Ends rostrate-truncate. L. 0,07 to 0,09; B. 0,024 mm. Median line almost
central, slightly arcuate. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Strize
8 to 9 (dorsal) to 10 (ventral) in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 12 in 0,01 mm., more distant on the
median ventral strie. — A. S. Atl. IX f. 21, 22.

Fresh water: Bengal (Atl.), Cameroon!

24. ©. Ehrenbergii Kurz. (1844). — V. asymmetrical, elliptic-lanceolate, with slightly
rostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,09 to 0,14; B. 0,028 to 0,038 mm. Median line slightly excentric,
straight. Axial area narrow, but distinct, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Strie 7 to
9 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout, coarsely punctate; puncta 13 to 16 in 0,01 mm. —
Navic. inequalis Eup. Inf. Pl. XIII f. 18 (1838). Cymb. Ehrenb. Kitz. Bac. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 11.
W. Sw. B. D. IPL II f. 21. A. S. Atl. IX f. 6 to 9; LXXI f 74. V. H. Syn. p. 61 Pl. IT f.1.

Fresh water: Iceland! Sweden (from Lapland to Skane)! Norway! Finland! England! Bel-
gium (V. H.), Paris! Germany! Switzerland! North America (Crane Pond, Lost Spring Ranch,
Washington territory, St. Rosa Cal.)!

Var. delecta A. 8. (1875). — V. asymmetrical-lanceolate, with slightly rostrate ends. L. 0,063
to 0,085; B. 0,019 to 0,o24 mm. Axial area narrow, not, or slightly, dilated around the central
nodule. Strie 8 to 9 (middle) to 11 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. delecta A. S. Atl. IX f. 17.
C. Ehrenbergii var. Atl. LXXI f. 80. C. Ehrenb. var. minor V. H. Syn. II f. 2.

Fresh water: Greenland! Kénigsaue (Atl.), Puerto Monte, Chili (Atl.), Victoria, Splitters
Creek (Austr.)! :

25. (C. lapponica Grun. (1879). — V. almost symmetrical, sublanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,033 to 0,037; B. 0,008 to 0,oo85 mm. Median line almost
central, straight. Axial area narrow; central area rather large, rounded. Median striz 16 in
0,01 mm., terminal strie about 21 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 271.
Pl. IV f. 28.

Fresh water: North Iceland! Repats in Gellivare, Lulea Lapmark, fossil, Sweden!

This species has never been described or figured, but I suppose that GRrunow denotes this
form, which occurs sparingly in Cl. M. D. N:o 271. This species seems to connect C. Cesati with
C. stauroneiformis.

26. (©. stauroneiformis Lagst. (1873). -— V. lanceolate, almost symmetrical, with nearly
obtuse, attenuated ends. L. 0,038 to 0,04; B. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Median line almost central,
straight. Axial area very narrow; central area large, quadrate, somewhat broader outwards, not
reaching to the margins. Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, finely punctate. — Laasv,
Spitsb. D. p. 45 Pl. If. 15. A. S. Atl LXXI f. 62, 63.

Fresh water: Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Spitsbergen!

166 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

27. C. naviculiformis Aversw. (1861). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, slightly asymmetrical, with
rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,047; B. 0,01 to 0,016 mm. Median line almost central, nearly
straight. Axial area narrow, linear, suddenly dilated in the middle to an orbicular space. Strie
in the dorsal side 14 (middle) to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm., on the ventral side 14 in 0,01 mm.
— Aversw. Rabh. Alg. E. N:o 1065. V. H. Syn. Pl. ID f. 5. C. cuspidata W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. II
f. 22a’. C. anglica Lagst. Spitsb. D. p. 42 Pl. II f. 18 (1873). A. S. Atl. IX f. 63. V. H. Syn.
EL AL £, 3:

Fresh water: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Beeren Hiland (Lagst.), Norway (Romsdalen, Dovre)!
Sweden! Finland! Holstein! Harz (Atl.), Jenissey! New-Zealand! Australia!

Herpere (Consp. Crit. p. 108) remarks that Cymb. cuspidata W. SM. is not the species of
Kirzine, but possibly C. naviculiformis, of which he gives several figures (Pl. I f. 3), which
however are much more similar to C. amphicephala than to this species. LagERrsTep’ proposed the
name C. anglica, believing it to be identical with the species of W. Situ, which is too indistinctly
figured for identification. C. naviculiformis closely resembles C. amphicephala, trom which it is
distinguished by the larger central area.

28. C. hybrida Grun. (1878). — V. linear, almost symmetrical, with rostrate ends. L..
0,045; B. 0,009 mm. Median line almost central and straight. Axial area narrow; central area
large, subquadrate. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, finely punctate. — Grun. in Cl. M. D.
N:o 161. Icon. nostr. Pl. IV f. 23.

Fresh or very slightly brackish water: Sweden (Gothland, Lefrasjén in Skane)!

29. C€. spuria Cu. N. Sp. — V. asymmetrical, lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. Li. 0,05
to 0,06; B. 0,013 mm. Median line very slightly arcuate, almost central. Axial area narrow,
gradually dilated towards the middle. Striz 12 (dorsal, median) to 13 (ventral and dorsal, termi-
nal) in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle, almost parallel in the ends, finely but distinctly
punctate.

Fresh water: Talbot (Victoria, Australia)! Pichinicha (alpine region of Ecuador)!

30. C. euspidata Kirz. (1844). — V. broadly linear-lanceolate, slightly asymmetrical, with
rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,04 to 0,095; B. 0,014 to 0,024 mm. Median line slightly excentric,
straight. Axial area narrow, linear; central area rather large, orbicular. Strive 9 or 10 (middle)
to 12 or 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate, finely lineate. — Ktrz. Bac. Pl. III f. 40. Herp. Consp.
p. 109 Pl If. 4. A.S. Atl IX f. 50 (typical) 53 to 55. V. H. Syn. p. 61 Pl. Il f. 3.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lappland to Upsala and Westergétland)! Norway (Finmark, Dovre)!
Finland! Paris! Belgium (V. H.), England! Germany! Italy! Greenland! Canada! Massachusetts!
Jenissey! Kamtschatka! Japan! New Zealand!

Var. obtusiuscula Gruy. (in V. H. Types N:o 19). — L. 0,06 to 0,08; B. 0,019 to 0,o2 mm.
Ends more rounded.

Fresh water: England (V. H. T.).

31. C. heteropleura Eup. (1843). -—- V. slightly asymmetrical, lanceolate, with rostrate
and truncate to subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0,033 to 0,04 mm. Median line
almost central, straight. Axial area distinct, linear. Central area large, slightly transversely
dilated. Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout, punctate; puncta 9 to 13 in 0,01
mm. — Pinnularia heteropleura Ens. Am. p. 133. M. G. V:2 f. 11. Cymb. het. Kiirz. Bac. p. 79.
A. 8. Atl. IX f. 4, 5.

Fresh water (arctic and northern regions): Greenland! Norway (Dovre)! Sweden (Lappland)!
Russian Lappland!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDILINGAR. BAND 26. wz:o 2. 167

Var. subrostrata Cu. —- V. with scarcely rostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,19 to 0,20; B. 0,045
mm. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 9 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. heteropleura
A. S. Atl. 1X £ 3.

Fresh water: Canada! Danas Pond! Cherryfield! .

Var. minor Cr. — V. with rostrate and truncate ends. I. 0,06 to 0,08; B. 0,015 to 0,022
mm. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate; puncta 18 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. Ehrenb. var.
Lagst. Spitsb. D. p. 42 Pl. IT f. 17. Cymb. A. S. Atl. IX f. 51, 52.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Norway (Dovre)! Scotland (Lough Monrne,
foss.)! Jenissey! St. Fiora, Italy (foss.)!

The typical C. heteropleura is a large and characteristic boreal form. The var. minor occurs
at Hjerkin in Dovre and cannot be distinguished from specimens in St. Fiora deposit. The latter
variety differs from C. cuspidata in nothing except the somewhat different shape of the ends and
the more coarsely punctate strie. C. americana A. 8. (At). IX f. 15, 20) seems to be intermediate
between C. cuspidata and C. heteropleura var. minor. A similar form occurs in New Zealand at
Horawarra.

32. C. oregonica Ci. N. Sp. — V. slightly asymmetrical, lanceolate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the acute ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,02 mm. Median line almost central. Axial area
narrow, slowly dilated to the middle, where it suddenly expands to a large, subrectangular, central
area. Strie 17 (middle) to 20 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, punctate; puncta about 18
in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal rows. — PI. IV f. 25.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

33. C. Mélleriana Grun. (1875). — V. nearly symmetrical, somewhat irregularly lanceolate,
obtuse. L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Terminal nodules of the median line at some di-
stance from the ends. Axial area narrow; central area large, orbicular. Striz 12 to 13 in 0,01
mm., radiate throughout. — Gruy. in A. 8. Atl. IX f. 71 to 75.

Fresh water(?): Wedel in Holstein (Atl.).

It seems doubtful whether this form, which I know only from the figures in A. S. Atlas,
really be a Cymbella. It has more of the appearance of some form belonging to the group of
Navicula viridula, but the striw are radiate at the ends.

34. ©. (Eneyonema) lacustris Ac. (1824). — V. lanceolate, scarcely asymmetrical, with
obtuse or truncate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,o1 mm. Median line nearly central; its terminal
nodules very distant from the ends. Axial area narrow; central area small, irregular. Strie
about 9 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends, in the middle alternately
longer and shorter, transversely lineate; lineolee about 28 in 0,01 mm. — Schizonema lacustre Aa.
Syst. p. 10. A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 1 to 5. V. H. Syn. Pl. XV f. 40. Colletonema subcoherens
Tuwartes in W. Sm. B. D. II p. 70 Pl. LVI f. 353. Eneyonema Ungeri Grun. in A. S. Atl. X
f. 63. Colletonema lacustre V. H. Syn. p. 111.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Hungary (Plattensee Cl. M. D. N:o 108), England (W. Sm.),
Gulf of Bothnia!

The frustules of this species live enclosed in mucous tubes. The structure of the valve
shews that it is nearly akin to the Navicule lineolate.

35. C. (Eneyonema) prostrata Berk. (1832). — V. strongly asymmetrical, semielliptical,
with obtuse ends, frequently inclined downwards. L. 0,04 to 0,1; B. 0,025 to 0,o3 mm. Median
line straight; its terminal nodules considerably distant from the ends. Axial area narrow; central
area small, orbicular. Strize about 7 in 0,01 mm., in the middle of inequal length, and radiate at
the ends convergent, transversely lineate. — Monema prostratum Berk. Brit. Alg. Pl. IV f. 3.
Gloeonema Leibleinii Ac. Consp. p. 31? Encyonema paradoxum Ktrz. Bac. p. 82 Pl. XXIT f. 1
(1844). Encyon. prostratum Rats Ann. N. Hist. (I) XVI Pl. XVIII f. 3 (1845). W. Sm. B.D.

168 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

p- 68 Pl. LIV f. 345. A.S. Atl X f. 64 to 69; LXXI f. 6 to 9. V. H. Syn. p. 65 Pl. III f. 9
to 11. Cymbella Encyonema Hets. Consp. p. 110 (1863). Eneyonema maximum Wart. Rabu. Alg.
Eur. N:o 1248 (1862).

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia, from Westerbotten to Roslagen;
Lake Malaren)! Finland (Abo, Ladoga)! England! Belgium (V. H.), France! Switzerland (Brun),
Germany! Hungary (Plattensee, Grun.), Italy (St. Fiora, foss.).

36. C. (Encyonema?) inelegans Ci. N. Sp. — V. boat-shaped, with arcuate dorsal margin,
straight or slightly concave ventral margin, and broad, rounded, somewhat reflexed ends. LL. 0,055
to 0,065; B. 0,o2 mm. Median line parallel to the ventral margin, very excentric. Terminal
fissures comma-like; terminal pores near the ends. Axial area linear, rather broad. Striz on the
dorsal side 10 (middle) to 12 (ends) slightly radiate; striz on the ventral side 8 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate in the middle, parallel in the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. —
i as a ©

Fresh water: Fall River, Oregon, foss. (Grove Coll.)!

37. C. (Eneyonema) Triangulum Ene. (1845). — V. broad, asymmetrical, lanceolate with
acute ends. I. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,02 mm. Median line straight, dividing the valve into a ventral
part half as broad as the dorsal. Terminal fissures in the ends of the valve. Axial area very
narrow; central area small or indistinct. Striz 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel or slightly
radiate in the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Gloeonema Triangulum
Eus. Abh. 1845 p. 77. M. G. XXXV A. 7 f. 10. Encyon. Triang. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 62. A. 8.
Atl. X f. 54; LXXT f. 10.

Fresh water: North America, New York and Pensacola (Atl.), Michigan, Dakota and Lost
Spring Ranch Calif.! Tasmania, Campbell Town, fossil!

38. C. (Encyonema) turgida Gree. (1856). — V. lunate, with strongly arcuate dorsal, cen-
trally gibbous ventral margin, and acute ends. IL. 0,05 to 0,10; B. 0,012 to 0,023 mm. Median
line straight, dividing the valve into a ventral part of about half the width of the dorsal. Ter-
minal fissures in the ends, comma-like, turned downwards. Axial area distinct, linear, scarcely
dilated in the middle. Strize 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle and, on the dorsal side,
at the ends, parallel or convergent at the ends on the ventral side, punctate; puncta 13 to 18 in
0,01 mm. — Gree. M. J. IV p. 5 Pl. 1 f. 18. Eneyon. turg. A. 8S. Atl. X f. 49 to 53. V.H. Syn.
p. 65 Pl. III f. 12.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Mouth of Jenissey! Scotland (Greg.), East Indies! Java!
Australia (Murray River)! Tasmania! New Zealand! North America (California, Mexico)! Guate-
mala! Ecuador! Argentina!

This species is very variable and graduates into the following. The largest and most ty-
pical specimens occur in California, Mexico and Ecuador. European specimens are smaller and
can only with difficulty be distinguished from the following species.

29. 0. (Encyonema) ventricosa Kirz. (1834). — V. lunate, with straight or centrally
gibbous ventral margin and subacute ends, usually turned downwards. L. 0,015 to 0,036; B. 0,007
to 0,011 mm. Median line approximate to the ventral margin. Terminal nodules and fissures at
the ends of the valve. Axial area very narrow or indistinct. Striz 10 to 16 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, finely punctate. Frustules enclosed in branched mucous tubes. — Frustulia ventricosa Ktrz.
Syn. p. 11 f. 7. Cymb. ven. Bac. p. 80 Pl. VI f. 16. Eneyon. ventric. V. H. Syn. p. 66 Pl. III fig. 15
to 17, 19. Encyon. prostratum Kirz. Bac. p. 82 Pl. XXV f. 7 (1844). Encyon. cespitosum Kirrz.
Sp. Alg. p. 61 (1849). W. Sm. B. D. II p. 68: Pl. LV f. 346. V. H. Syn. p. 65 Pl. III f. 14; Suppl.
A f. 3. ZL 8. Atl. X f. 57, 58; LXXIf. 11,12. Eneyon. Auerswaldii Rau. Siissw. D. p. 24 Pl. VII
f. 2 (1853). Cymbella maculata W. Sm. B. D. I Pl IT f. 23. Cymb. affinis var. semicircularis
Lagst. Spitsb. D. p. 43 Pl. II f. 20. Coceonema Lunula Enz. Am. Pl. I: 1, f. 15 (1843). Eneyon.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 169

Lunula A. 8S. Atl X f. 42, 43; LXXTI f. 14, 15, 32 to 34. Cymb. Lunula Rasy. Alg. Eur. N:o
1166 (1861). Cymb. silesiaca Buzisch Rasy. Alg. Eur. N:o 1802 (1865). A. S. Atl. X f. 59. Cymb.
minuta Hins—e Rapu. Alg. Eur. N:o 1261 (1862). A. 8. Atl. LXXI f. 30, 31. Cymb. variabilis
Wartm. Rasy. Alg. Eur. N:o 803 (1859).

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Norway (Dovre, Christiania)! Sweden (Lapland to Skane)! Fin-
land! Gulf of Bothnia (from Haparanda to Roslagen)! England! Belgium! France! Germany! Swit-
zerland! East Indies! Japan! Australia! Tasmania! New Zealand! Greenland! Mexico! California!
Ecuador!

Var. ovata Grun. (1875). — V. with convex ventral margin. Median line almost in the
middle of the valve. — Encyon. cespit. var. ovata A. 8. Atl. X f. 45, 46. V. H. Syn. PL IIL f. 13.
Fresh water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia)! Germany, Atter See (Atl.), Belgium (V. H.).

Var. obtusa Grun. (1875). — V. elongated, obtuse. — FE. cespit. var. obtusa Grun. in A. 8.
Atl. X f. 47, 48.

Fresh water: Rome (Atl.), Rammer Moor (Atl.).

Most authors regard the forms of C. ventricosa as belonging to two different species, Encyo-
nema ventricosum and E. caespitosum, the former being smaller and with the median line closer to
the straight ventral margin, the latter a little larger, with the median line somewhat more distant
from the ventral margin, which is slightly gibbous in the middle. I am unable to find any definite
limit between these species, and as their distinctive characteristics are very trifling and subject
to great variation, I have united them.

40. €. (Eneyonema) Jordani Grun. Ms. — V. with very elevated dorsal margin, more or
less gibbous ventral margin and truncate to capitate ends. L. 0,02 to 0,032; B. 0,008 to 0,009 mm.
Areas indistinct. Median line straight; its termina] fissures turned downwards. Striz about 16
in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, very finely punctate. — Pl. V f. 3, 4.

Fresh water: Otago, New Zealand (Weissflog Coll.)!

41. (€. (Eneyonema) hebridica Grun. (1877). — V. elongated, lunate, with arcuate dorsal
and slightly convex ventral margin and subacute ends. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,007 to 0,008 mm.
Median line straight, dividing the valve so that the ventral part is half as broad as the dorsal.
Terminal fissures in the ends. Axial area very narrow; central area small or indistinct. Strice
about 10 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate. — Encyon. hebridicum (Gruc.) Grun. Cl. M. D. No 37.
Cu. D. of Finl. p. 48 Pl. I] f. 16, 17.

Fresh water: Sweden (Luleé Lapmark, foss.)! Finland (Russian Lapland; Nyland and
Viborg foss.)!

This form, which appears to be pretty constant, occurs in northern regions. It connects
E. ventricosum with E. gracile. In A. Scumipts Atl. IX f. 11 is figured a large form from »Ohla-
jarri> (Orrjarvi, Finland?), which seems either to be a forma maxima of C. hebridica or a new species.

42. ©. (Encyonema) gracilis Rasy. (1853). — V. narrow, slender, with gently arcuate
dorsal and straight ventral margin. Ends acute. L. 0,03 to 0,056; B. 0,007 to 0,o1 mm. Median
line more approximate to the ventral than to the dorsal margin; its terminal nodules distant from
the ends. Areas indistinct. Strie 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — Encyon. gracile Rasy. Stissw. D. Pl. X
f. 1. A. §. Atl. X f. 36, 37, 39, 40. V. H. Syn. Pl. III f. 20 to 21. Cymbella seotica W. Sm.
B. D. I p. 18 Pl. Il f. 25 (1853). Cymb. lunata W. Sm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2] XV Pl 1X f. 15
(1855). V. H. Syn. Pl. TI f. 23.

Fresh water, especially alpine regions: Norway (Finmark, Dovre)! Sweden (Lapland, Sma.
land)! Finland! Scotland! Savoy! Tasmania! New Zealand! Greenland! White Mountains!

43, (C. (Encyonema) norvegica Grun. (1875). — V. asymmetrical, linear, with obtuse,
broad ends. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,007 to 0,008 mm. Median line straight, nearly axial, with the
K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 26. N:o 2. 22

170 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

terminal nodules at some distance from the ends. Axial area narrow, central area small, orbicular.
Strie 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle, where they are more distant, parallel
at the ends. — Grun. in A. S. Atl. X f. 41. Cu. M. D. Nio 268.

Fresh water (alpine regions): Greenland! Iceland! Norway (Dovre, Romsdalen)! Sweden
(Pautrisk, Wilhelmina socken)!

C. norvegica is nearly akin to C. gracilis and differs principally by its more linear form
and broad, rounded ends.

44. (C. incerta Grun. (1878). — V. linear, slightly asymmetrical, with broad, obtuse ends,
slightly arcuate dorsal margin and almost straight ventral. L. 0,04 to 0,07; B.0,oo9 mm. Median
line almost central. Axial area narrow, not dilated in the middle. Strie 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm.,
equidistant in the middle, where they are parallel, and slightly radiate at the ends. — C. Pisciculus
var. incerta Grun. Cl. M. D. Nio 96. Cu. D. fr. Gronl. och Argent. p. 13 Pl. XVI f. 12. C. sub-
equalis var. incerta Grun. in V. H. T. N:o 30.

Fresh water, northern or alpine regions: Norway (Dovre, Hammerfest)! Sweden (Lapland)!
Finland (Russian Lapland)! Scotland (V. H. T.).

Var. naviculacea Grun. (1879). — With somewhat wider axial area and finer striz, about
18 in 0,01 mm. — C. (Pisciculus var.) naviculacea Gruy. in Cl. M. D. N:o 272. Cu. D. fr. Grénl.
och Argentina p. 13 Pl. XVI f. 11.

Fresh water: Greenland! Norway (Dovre)! Sweden (Lapland to Jamtland)! Finland (Russian
Lapland)!

45. C. wequalis W. Sm. (1856). — V. linear-lanceolate, with arcuate dorsal, straight or
slightly convex ventral margin, and broad, obtuse, or almost truncate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,006
to 0,011 mm. Median line straight, near to the ventral margin, broad (oblique). Axial area
narrow, not, or slightly, dilated in the middle. Striz 11 or 14 (middle) to 14 or 16 (ends) in 0,01
mm., slightly radiate, obscurely punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. — W. Sm. B. D. IT p. 84.
Cymb. obtusa Grue. M. J. IV Pl. I f. 19 (1856). V. H. Syn. p. 61 Pl WI f. la A. S. Atl Ix
f. 41 to 45; LX XI f. 72? Cymb. subequalis Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. III f. 2, 4 Suppl. A f. 1 (1880).

Fresh water: Greenland! Iceland! Scotland and England! Sweden (Lapland to Skane, Goth-
land)! Norway (Dovre, Stavanger, foss.)! Belgium (V. H.), Saxony! Switzerland! Michigan!

Var. florentina Grun. (1880). — V. less asymmetrical, almost lanceolate. Striz finer, 15 in
0,01 mm. — Cymb. subequalis var. florentina Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. III f. 3.

Fresh water: S:ta Fiora, foss. (Grun.).

Var. diminuta Grun. — L. 0,015; B. 0,004 mm. Striz 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. obtusa
var. diminuta Grun. in V. H. T. N:o 129. :

Fresh water: England (V. H. T.).

C. equalis W. Sm. is usually believed to denote the same species as C. angustata, but as
the ends are described as obtuse and the strie are coarse, 12 in 0,01 mm., it is evident that
this is a mistake, and that Smrru meant the form described above as C. equalis. Gregory's figure
of Cymb. obtusa is small and not very characteristic, but agrees pretty well with this species.
Between Cymb. subequalis Grun. and Cymb. obtusa Gree. as represented in Van Huurck’s Synopsis
I am unable to discover any specific distinction. As limited here Cymb. equalis is a common
form, distinguished by its linear form and almost truncate ends. The median striz are more dis-
tant than the others and radiate.

46. C. sinuata Gree. (1856). — V. linear, slightly asymmetrical, frequently gibbous in the
middle on the ventral side, with broad, obtuse ends. L. 0,012 to 0,026; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm.
Axial area narrow; central area large, on the ventral side reaching to the margin. Strie 9 to 11
0,01 mm., almost parallel. — Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If. 17. C. abnormis Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. II
f. 8 (1880). Gomphonema asymmetricum Gutw. p. 28 Pl. I f. 24?

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 171

Fresh water: Sweden (Malaren, Westergitland, Smaland)! Finland (Abo)! Scotland (Greg.),
Treland! New Zealand!

Var. antiqua Grun. —- V. with subcapitate ends. L. 0,032 to 0,033; B. 0,008 mm. Strize
7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — C. abn. var. ant. Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 141
Pl. XXIX f. 31.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var.? fossilis Pant. (1893). — Linear with slightly rostrate ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,01 mm.
Central area a transverse fascia. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. abnormis var. fossilis Pant.
III Pl. XVII f. 255.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This little form is of interest as it has some resemblance to a Gomphonema, in its uni-
laterally dilated central area. The fig. given by Grecory is not as good as desirable, but there
can hardly exist any doubt that Grucory really meant this species.

47. ©. tumidula Grun. (1875). — V. asymmetrical, linear-lanceolate, with rostrate ends.
L. 0,033 to 0,035; B. 0,007 to 0,009 mm. Dorsal margin arcuate, ventral straight, or somewhat
gibbous in the middle. Median line somewhat excentric, straight, with approximate central pores.
Axial areas indistinct; central area indistinct or on the dorsal side only. Strie on the dorsal side
13 (middle) to 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm., on the ventral side 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate
throughout, finely punctate. On the ventral side of the central nodule are two puncta at the ends
of the two median strie. — Gruy. in A. 8. Atl. IX f. 38. V.H. T. Nio 27.

Fresh water: Rostock, fossil! Oxford! Triest (Atl.), Paris, Marly (Cl. M. D. 195)!

Var. salinarum Grun. (1875). — VY. asymmetrical, lanceolate, with subacute, not rostrate
ends. L. 0,027 to 0,04; B. 0,008 to 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated on the dorsal
side around the central nodule. Strie 11 or 12 (middle and dorsal) to 15 (ventral) in 0,01 mm. —
C. salinarum Grun. A. S. Atl. IX f. 28. V. H. T. No 26.

Brackish water: Bay of Finland (Dannf.), Saule (Atl.), Italy!

C. tumidula seems to connect C. amphicephala with C. turgidula, C. affinis etc. As far I can
see, there is no other difference between C. tumidula and C. salinarum than the somewhat different
shape of the ends. The above descriptions are from original specimens in Van Heurcx’s Types.

48. C. turgidula Gruw. (1875). — V. asymmetrical with more or less rostrate, obtuse, or
truncate ends. L. 0,032 to 0,05; B. 0,01 to 0,o15mm. Axial area very narrow. Strie in the middle
on the dorsal side 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. at the ends about 11 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, puncta
about 24 in 0,01 mm. At the ventral side of the central nodule are two small puncta, ending the

median strie. — Grun. A. 8. Atl. IX f. 23 to 26.
Fresh water: Bengal (Atl.), New Zealand! Niagara falls! Porto Rico! Ecuador, Chimborazo!

Argentina!
C. turgidula is nearly related to C. affinis, but is larger and has 2 puncta below the cen-

tral nodule.

49. (C. affinis Kitz. (1844). — V. more or less broad, semielliptical to semilanceolate with
almost straight ventral margin and slightly rostrate, obtuse or subtruncate ends. Lz. 0,025 to 0,04;
B. 0,007 to 0,01 mm. Median line slightly arcuate, excentric. Axial area very narrow, not dilated
around the central nodule. Striez 10 or 11 (dorsal side) to 12 (ventral side) in 0,01 mm. a little
closer at the ends, slightly radiate, finely punctate. On the ventral side of the central nodule is
a small isolated punctum ending the median stria. — Ktrz Bac. p. 80 Pl. VI f. 15? W. Sm. B.
D. 1 Pl XXX f, 2507 A. S. Atl. IX £28, 38"4 DRX f, 28, 29. Vi H. Sym. p 62 PL If, 19,
V. H. Types N:o 26. Cymb. truncata Gree. M. J. III p. 39 Pl. IV f. 3 (1855)? ~Cocconema nanum
Hanrzscu Rab. A. E. N:o 1321 (1862). A. S. Atl. LXXI f. 27. Coccon. gibbum A.S. Atl. X f. 27.
Cymb. affinis var. tumida Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 43 Pl. IL f. 19?

172 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Fresh water: Sweden (Uppland to Skane, Gothland, Gulf of Bothnia)! Finland! Holstein!
England! Belgium (V. H.), Germany! Switzerland! Italy! Mouth of Jenissey! Japan! Australia
(Lake Muir)! New Zealand! New York! Argentina!

Cymb. affinis is a variable species, connecting Cymb. turgidula with Cymb. parva. The
ventral margin is sometimes indented in the middle. Such a form has been figured by GruNow in
Foss. Diat. Osterr. Ung. Pl. XXIX f. 26 and is probably identical with Cymb. exisa var. major
Gutwinsky Materialy p. 25 Pl. I f. 21.

50. C. parva W. Sm. (1852). — V. semilanceolate, with slightly rostrate, obtuse to sub-
truncate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Median line somewhat arcuate and broad
(oblique). Axial area narrow, very slightly dilated in the middle. Strie 9 or 10 (median, dorsal)
to 13 (ventral and terminal) in 0,01 mm., very slightly radiate, obscurely punctate. There is no
punctum on the ventral side of the central nodule. — Cocco. parvum W. Sm. B. D. I p. 77. Pl.
XXIII f. 222. A.S. Atl. Xf.14,15. Gruy. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 97 (45) Pl. If. 9. Cymb. cymby-
formis var. parva V. H. Syn. p. 64 Pl. IL f. 14. Cocconema pachycephalum Rasy. Alg. Eur.
N:o 1107 (1861).

Fresh water: Greenland! Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Sweden (Lapland to Skane)! Norway
(Finmark to Christiania)! Finland! England! Germany! Belgium! France! Switzerland! Savoy!
Italy! Mouth of Jenissey! North America, Winnepeg!

Var. hungarica Grun. (1875). — IL. 0,024 to 0,04; B. 0,009 to 0,01 mm. Area dilated on
the dorsal side of the central nodule. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. — Coccon. hungaric, Grun. in A. 8. Atl.
IX f. 88, X f. 16, 17; LXXT f. 37, 38.

Fresh water: Norway (Brevig)! Platten See, Hungary (Grun.).

Cymb. parva is in the living state stipitate. It is closely akin to Cymb. affinis and
Cymb. cymbiformis, differing from both by the want of a punctum at the end of the median
central stria.

51. ©. Botellus Laasr. (1873). — V. arcuate, with parallel margins and rounded ends.
L. 0,024 to 0,034; B. 0,006 to O,oo7 mm. Median line slightly excentric, arcuate. Axial area
narrow, not dilated around the central nodule. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., very slightly radiate,
not distinctly punctate. — Cymb. variabilis var. Botellus Lagst. Spitsb. D. p. 44 Pl. IT f. 22.
Cymb. bot. A. 8. Atl. LXXI f. 39.

Fresh water: Arctic America! Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Spitzbergen!

52. C. eymbiformis (Ac. 1830?) Kirz. (1833). — V. boat-shaped, with straight, sometimes
slightly gibbous, ventral margin and obtuse or truncate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,01 to 0,012
mm. Median line slightly arcuate, broad (oblique); its terminal fissures reflexed. Axial area
narrow; central area small. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. somewhat closer at the ends, finely lineate
(lineolee 20 in 0,01 mm.). On the ventral side of the central nodule is an isolated punctum at the
end of the median stria. — Ag. Consp. p. 10 (1830)? Frustulia coffeeformis Kitz. Dec. N:o 11
(1833) according to Lagst. Frust. cymb.{ Kirz. Linn. VIII p. 5389 Pl. XTII £. 10. Coccon. cymbi-
forme W. Su. B. D. 1 p. 76 Pl. XXIII f. 220? A. S. Atl. IX f. 76 to 79; X f.13. Cymb. cymbif.
V. H. Syn. p. 63 Pl. Il f. 11 a, b, «.

Fresh water: Iceland! Norway (Finmark to Brevig)! Sweden! Finland! England! Belgium
(V. H.), France! Germany! Switzerland! Hungary (Dubravica, foss. Grun.), Socotra (Kitton), Japan!
Tasmania! Argentina!

C. cymbiformis is very similar to C. helvetica, but differs by the reflexed terminal fissures
and from C. helvetica, as well as from C. parva, by the isolated punctum below the central nodule.

53. C. Beecarii Gruv. (1886). — V. clavate, and at the same time boat-shaped, with one
half longer than the other. L. 0,054 to 0,06; B. 0,014 mm. Median line arcuate, almost in the
middle of the valve. Axial area narrow, not dilated around the central nodule. Strize 11 to 16

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 173

in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, distinctly punctate. No isolated punctum below the
central nodule. — Gron. in Martelli Florula Bogosensis p. 152 Pl. I f. 1, 2.
Fresh water: Abyssinia (Grun.).

54. C. Cistula Hempr. (1828). — V. boat-shaped, with concave, centrally slightly gibbous,
ventral margin, and truncate or rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,07 to 0,16; B. 0,018 to 0,025 mm.
Median line arcuate, broad, bent downwards near the central nodule. The central pores distant,
and the terminal fissures reflexed. Axial area narrow, linear, slightly dilated on the dorsal side
of the central nodule. Strie 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm. coarsely lineate; lineole 18 to 21 in 0,01 mm.
On the ventral side, near the central nodule, the striz are interrupted by a narrow depression, so
that below the central nodule is a segmental row of 2 to 5 puncta. — Bacillaria Cistula Hempr.
a. Eup. Symb. Phys. phyto. Pl. II, IV f. 10. Coecon. Cistula W. Sm. B. D. XXIII f. 221. A.S.
Probet. f. 16 Pl. X f. 1—5, 24—26. Cymb. Cistula V. H. Syn. p. 64 Pl. IT f. 12—13. C. Crstula
var. maculata A. 8S. Atl. LXXI f. 21. Gron. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 97 (45) Pl. If. 8. C. Cistula
var. fusidiwum Hiérip. a. Perac. D. d’Auvergne p. 71 Pl. III f. 12. Coccon. arcticum A. 8. Atl.
LXXI f. 25. Coccon. cornutum Gree. M. J. IV Pl. 1 f. 11 (1856)?

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Spitsbergen! Norway (Dovre, Stavanger, foss.)! Sweden
(Lapland to Skane), Bay of Bothnia (from Pited to Uppland and Helsingfors)! Finland! England!
Holstein! Belgium! France! Germany! Switzerland! Italy! Mouth of Jenissey! Kamtschatka! Japan!
Yarkand! America (Winnepeg, Vancouver, Massachusets, Hlinois, California, Mexico)!

Var. maculata Kurz. (1834). — V. broader and shorter than in the type. L. 0,045 to 0,082;
B. 0,013 to 0,oi5 mm. Strie 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Lineolee 24 in 0,01 mm. No row of puncta
below the central nodule. — Frustulia maculata Kitz. Dec. N:o 85 (1834) according to Lagst.
Cymb. maculata A. S. Atl X f. 6; LXXI f. 20, 22. Cymb. Cistula var. mac. V. H. Syn. p. 64
Pl. II f. 16, 17. Cymb. Bouleana Br. a. Hiri. D. d’Auvergne p. 220 Pl. VI f. 14 1893 (ad spec.
auth.). Cymb. Pauli Huns. a. Perag. D. d'Auvergne p. 70 Pl. III f. 11 (1898).

Fresh water: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Spitsbergen! Sweden (Vestergétland, Smaland)!
Finland! England! France! Germany! Greenland! Argentina!

Var. sibirica Grun. (1880). — V. with rounded, not rostrate ends. L. 0,08; B. 0,024 mm.
Median line strongly arcuate. Striew 10 (middle) to 12 (ends) in 0,01 mm. lineate (lineole about
20 in 0,01 mm.) interrupted in the ventral side of the central nodule by a narrow depression. —
Coccon. Cistula var. sib. Grun. A. D. p. 25 Pl. If. 11.

Fresh water: Mouth of Jenissey!

Var. arctica Laest. (1873). — V. boat-shaped, with strongly arcuate dorsal, and slightly
concave ventral, margin. Ends truncate. L. 0,032 to 0,07; B. 0,007 to 0,015 mm. Median line strongly
arcuate, broad; its terminal fissures reflexed. Axial area narrow. Strie 9 to 13 in 0,01 mm.
finely lineate. No row of puncta on the ventral side of the central nodule. — Cymb. variabilis
var. arctica Lagst. Spitsb. D. p. 44 Pl. IT f. 21. Cymb. arctica A. S. Atl. X f. 12; LXXI f. 23, 24.

Fresh water: Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Spitsbergen! Russian Lapland! Mouth of Jenissey!

Var.? truncata Brun (1880). — V. with slightly arcuate dorsal margin, straight ventral margin
and very broad, truncate ends. L. 0,045 to 0,075 mm. Strie 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. No row of
puncta below the central nodule. — Brun D. des Alpes p. 58 PI. III f. 2.

Fresh water: Switzerland (Brun.).

C. Cistula is a very variable species, graduating, as it appears, to C. cymbiformis. Its most
distinctive characteristic, the row of puncta below the central nodule, is not present in some of
its varieties. The var.? truncata is remarkable for its outline and resembles very much the smaller
C. curta A. Scum. (Atl. IX f. 47. L. 0,02; B. 0,01 mm.) unknown to me.

55. ©. Stuxbergii Cu. (1880). — V. with strongly arcuate dorsal margin, almost straight
ventral margin, and rostrate, truncate ends. L. 0,055 to 0,075; B. 0,o2 mm. Median line strongly
arcuate, with reflexed terminal fissures. Axial area indistinct, slightly dilated on the dorsal side

174 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

around the central nodule. Strie 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, almost parallel at
ends, very finely punctate, crossed on the ventral side below the central nodule by a narrow de-
pression. — Coccon. Stuxb. Cu. A. D. p. 13 Pl. I f. 10. Cymb. St. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 2.

Fresh water: Mouth of Jenissey!

56. C. Sturii Grun. (1882). — V. boat-shaped, with truncate ends. Dorsal margin arcuate,
ventral margin straight, somewhat gibbous in the middle. L. 0,19 to 0,25; B. 0,032 mm. Median
line slightly arcuate, dilated towards the ends; its terminal fissures reflexed. Axial area narrow
linear, gradually dilated towards the middle and the ends. Strie 7 or 8 (middle) to 10 or 12
(ends) in 0,01 mm. punctate (puncta about 14 in 0,01 mm.), crossed near the central nodule on the
ventral side, and sometimes on the dorsal side, by a narrow depression. — Grun. Foss. D. Osterr.
Ung. p. 140 Pl. XXX f. 35. Pan. III Pl. XIX f. 287.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil!

This species is very characteristic, distinguished from all others by its median line becoming
wider towards the ends. It has the outline of C. lanceolata, and the row of puncta of C. Cistula.

57. C. lanceolata Eus. (1838). — V. boat-shaped, with arcuate dorsal margin, slightly con-
cave, centrally gibbous, ventral margin, and obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,16; B. 0,024 to 0,03 mm.
Median line slightly arcuate with reflexed terminal fissures. Axial area very narrow; central
area small, elongated. Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, punctate, puncta 15 to 18 in 0,01
mm. — Coccon. lanceolatum Ens. Inf. p. 224 Pl. XIX f. 6. W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XXIII f. 219.
A. S. Atl X f. 8—10. Cymb. lane. V. H. Syn. p. 63 Pl. Il f. 7. Coccon. Boeckii Grun. in A. 8.
Atl. X f. 11 (1875). Coccon. variabile Cramer, Rab. A. E. 1246 (p. p. C. cymbifera).

Fresh water, especially larger lakes, often slightly brackish water: Sweden (Lapland to
Skane)! Gulf of Bothnia! Norway (Finmark to Laurgard)! Finland (Ladoga, Onega)! Siberia! Hol-
stein! Britain! France! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Vienna! Socotra (Kitton).

Var cornuta Eup. (1843). — L. 0,15 to 0,20; B. 0,027 to 0,029 mm. Striew 7 or 8 (middle)
to 10 or 11 (ends) in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Coccon. cornutum Ens.
Am. p. 124. M. G. XV, A f. 94. Cymb. lane. var. cornuta Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 141.

Fresh water: Ireland, Toome Bridge, Mourne Mountains (Grun.), Liineburg (Grun.).

Var. fossilis Pant. (1889). — L. 0,127; B. 0,024 mm. Strie 11 (middle) to 8 (ends) in 0,01
mm. — Panv. IT p. 40.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

58. C. helvetica Kirz. (1844). — V. boat-shaped, with gently arcuate dorsal margin and
straight, frequently slightly gibbous ventral. Ends rounded obtuse. L. 0,036 to 0,085; B. 0,01 to
0,015 mm. Median line slightly asymmetrical and almost straight. Terminal fissures in nearly
the same direction as the median line. Axial area narrow, very slightly dilated around the central
nodule. Striz 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. closer towards the ends; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. There
are no isolated puncta below the central nodule. — Kivz. Bac. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 13. V. H. Syn.
p- 64 Pl. If. 15. A. 8S. Atl. X f. 20 to 21, 22 (Cymb. scotica) f. 23 (Coccon. leave); LXXI f. 19.

Fresh water: Greenland! Norway (Finmark, Stavanger, foss.)! Sweden (Lapland to Skane)!
Gulf of Bothnia (Haparanda, Pited), Finland! Scotland! Belgium (V. H.), Germany! France!
Switzerland!

Var. curta Cur. — L. 0,045; B. 0,012 mm. Central area smaller than in the type, or in-
distinct. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. less distinctly punctate than in the type. — C. turgidula Grun.
in Cl. M. D. N:o 95.

Fresh water: Holstein!

Var.? Balatonis Grun. (1875). — Dorsal margin strongly arcuate, ventral slightly gibbous.
L. 0,09; B. 0,o26 mm. Striz about 8 in 0,01 mm. — Cymb. Bal. Gruy. A. 8. Atl X £19.

Fresh water: Platten See, Hungary (Grun.).

KUONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2. 175

Cymbella helvetica is a very common species, easily recognized by its straight terminal
fissures. Under the name Encyonema Gerstenbergeri Grunow has described (Banka D. p. 9 Pl. I
f. 11; 1865) a form, remarkable for the terminations of the median line, which are unusually distant
from the ends of the valve. I have seen from various localities several specimens closely agreeing
with the figure published by Grunow, and I have convinced myself that these are abnormal forms
of C. helvetica.

* C. hevesensis Pant. (1889). -— V. boat-shaped, with obtuse ends. L. 0,062; B. 0,013 mm.
Median line bent; its central pores very distant. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the
central nodule. Striz 11,5 to 13,5 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, punctate. — Panr. II p. 40
Pl. III f. 53.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species is unknown to me. The fig. and description given by PanrocseExk are insufficient
for deciding as to its relations to other boat-shaped Cymbelle.

* C. Chyzerii Pant. (1889). — V. boat-shaped, with the ventral margin slightly gibbous in
the middle. Ends subrostrate, obtuse. L. 0,0825; B. 0,0145 mm. Median line arcuate, its central
pores approximate. Axial area narrow, not dilated in the middle. Strie 10 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm.
Ventral striz crossed by »a black linex(?) — Panv. II p. 40 Pl. XI f. 194.

Brackish water: Hnngary, fossil (Pant.).

This species is unknown to me. The description and the figure given by PanrocsEKk are
insufficient for ascertaining its relations to other boat-shaped Cymbelle. It may come near to
C helvetica, C. lanceolata, C. cymbiformis.

59. C. aspera Ens. (1840). — V. boat-shaped, with strongly arcuate dorsal margin and
straight, centrally gibbous ventral margin. Ends obtuse, rounded. L. 0,15 to 0,18; B. 0,033 mm.
Median line arcuate. Axial area linear, slightly dilated in the middle. Strie 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm.
slightly radiate, punctate; puncta 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. No row of isolated puncta on the ventral
side. — Coccon. asperum Eup. Ber. 1840 M. G. V: 1 f. l ete. Pxrrr Journ. de Microgr. 1878 Mars et
Avril f. 3. Hire. D. d’Auvergne Pl. III f. 10. Cy. lanceol. var. aspera Brun D. des Alpes p. 57
Pl. IX f. 16? Cy. gastroides Kirz. Bac. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 46 (1844). A. 8. Atl. IX f. 1, 2; X f. 7.
V. H. Syn. p. 63 Pl. ID f. 8. Grun. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 97 (45) PI.If. 7. C. gigantea Pant.
TIT Pl. XXT f. 321 (1893)?

Fresh water: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Iceland! Norway (Dovre, Laurgaard)! Sweden
(Lapland to Skane)! Finland! France! Britain! Belgium! Germany! Switzerland! Savoy! Italy!
Japan! New Zealand!

Var. minor V. H. (1880). — Smaller, with strongly arcuate median line. L. 0,07 to 0,08
mm. — Cy. gastr. forma minor V. H. Syn. p. 63 Pl. II f. 9.

Var. neogena Grun. (1882). — L. 0,175; B. 0,033 mm. Striz about 8 in 0,01 mm., 12 in 0,01
mm. towards the ends, punctate; puncta about 14 in 0,01 mm. — Cy. gastroides var. neogena GRuN.
Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 141.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. dubravicensis Grun. (1882). — L. 0,168; B. 0,o27 mm. Terminal nodules very strong,
at some distance from the ends, surrounded by short striz. Strie 6 to 9 in 0,01 mm.; their
puncta 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm. — Cy. gastr. var. dubr. Gruy. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 141 Pl. XXIX
f, 30, Par. J Pl. XVI ff, 251.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var.? crassa Grun. (1882). — V. short and broad with rounded obtuse ends. L. 0,073;
B. 0,024 mm. Median line strongly arcuate. Axial area narrow. Strie 6 or 7 (middle) to 9
(ends) in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. The striz are on the ventral side
crossed by a short depression. — Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. Pl. XXIX f. 28.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

176 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. bengalensis Grun. (1875). — V. less asymmetrical, almost boat-shaped, with straight
or slightly centrally gibbous ventral margins. Ends obtuse. L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. 0,024 to 0,027
mm. Median line slightly arcuate. Axial area linear, scarcely dilated around the central nodule.
Strie 7,5 (middle) to 9 (ends) in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate; puncta 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. —
C. beng. Grun. in A. 8S. Atl. IX f. 12, 13; LXXI f. 79. Kirron Linn. Soc. Bot. XX Pl. XLVIIT
f. 6 (1884). Cr. M. D. N:o 194.

Fresh water: Bengal! Socotra (Kitton).

C. aspera is a very common species, easily recognized by its boat-shaped outline, its coarsely
punctate striz and always distinct area. It appears to be more closely akin to C. Ehrenbergiw
than to the boat-shaped C. lanceolata, C. Cistula ete. It seems questionable whether the var. crassa,
which I have not seen, really belongs to C. aspera. It may possibly be more akin to C. Cistula.

* C. salina Panr. (1889). — V. boat-shaped, with arcuate dorsal margin, straight ventral
margin and obtuse ends. L. 0,0585; B. 0,018 mm. Median line arcuate. Axial area distinct linear,
slightly dilated around the central nodule. Strie 12,5 to 13 in 0,01 mm. punctate. — Panr. II
p. 40 PLIf. 9.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species is not known to me, but seems, to judge from the fig. in PanrocsEK’s work to
be allied to C. aspera, from which it differs by smaller size and closer striz.

60. C. tumida Bris. (1849). — V. boat-shaped with slightly centrally gibbous ventral
margin. Ends rostrate-truncate. LL. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,018 to 0,o22 mm. Median line arcuate.
Axial area narrow, linear, suddenly dilated around the central nodule to an orbicular or sub-
quadrate central area. A stigma with a fine fissure below the centralj nodule. Stria 8 or 9
(middle) to 10 or 12 (ends) in 0,01 mm., radiate, towards the ends almost parallel, distinctly
punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,01 mm. — Coccon. tumidum Brus. in Kiitz Sp. Alg. p. 60. Cy.
tum. V. H. Syn. p. 64 Pl. ID f. 10. Coce. gibbum A. 8. Probst. f. 17. Cy. stomatophora Grun. in
A. 8. Atl X f. 28 to 30. Coccon. stomat. Grun. A. D. p. 26.

Fresh water: Sweden (Westergétland, Géteborg)! Holstein (V. H. T.), Belgium (V. H.),
Germany! France! Mouth of Jenissey! Japan! Bengal! New Zealand! Australia, Victoria! Ame-
rica (Illinois, California)!

Var. borealis Grun. (1880). — Ends obliquely truncate, not rostrate. Strize 8 in 0,01 mm.
— Cocc. stomat. var. borealis Grun. A. D. p. 26.

Fresh water: Sweden (Grun.), Niagara Falls!

Var. gibba Grun. (1880). — Dorsal margin with 3 to 4 undulations. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01

mm. — Coccon. stomat. var. gibba Grun. A. D. p. 26.
Var. fossilis Grun. (1880). — V. with less rostrate and more rounded ends. Stigma with
shorter fissure than in the type. — Coccon. stomat. var. fossilis Grun. A. D. p. 26.

Fresh water: Habichtswald, fossil (Grun.).

61. C. australica A. S. (1875). — V. boat-shaped with centrally gibbous ventral margin
and truncate or rounded obtuse ends. L. 0,1 to 0,14; B. 0,026 to 0,o3 mm. Median line arcuate.
Axial area linear, suddenly dilated around the central nodule to an orbicular space. A stigma
with a distinct fissure below the central nodule. Striz 7 (middle) to 9 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate in the middle, parallel at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta about 13 in 0,01 mm. —
Coce. austr. A. S. Atl. X f. 34, 35. Cri. M. D. N:o 295.

Fresh water: Australia! New Zealand!

62. C. punctifera Cr. N. Sp. — V. boat-shaped, with truncate ends. L. 0,13; B. 0,02 mm
Median line arcuate; terminal fissures reflexed. Axial area linear, suddenly dilated to an orbicular
central area. Stigma in the middle of the central nodule, without distinct fissure. Strie 8 in 0,01

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. ie

mm. a little closer towards the ends, where they are strongly radiate, distinctly punctate; puncta
15 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

63. €. mexicana Eup. (1844). — V. Innate with rounded truncate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,14;
B. 0,026 to 0,036 mm. Median line bent, with reflexed terminal fissures. Axial area’ narrow
linear, central small, orbicular. Stigma in the middle of the central nodule, without distinct fissure.
Striz 7 (middle) to 9 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle and alternately longer and shorter,
nearly parallel at the ends, coarsely punctate. Puncta 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — Coccon. mexicanum
Eup. Ber. 1844 p. 342. A. S. Atl. X f. 32, 33; LXXI f. 82. Cymb. kamtschatica Grun. in A. BS.
Atl. X f. 31.

Fresh water: Washington Territory! Vancouver Island! Mexico, Californa and Guatemala
fossil! Kamtschatka!

There is, so far I can see, no other difference between C. mexicana and C. kamtschatica
than that the latter is somewhat smaller and has rather closer strie and puncta.

64. C. Janischii A. S. (1881). — V. lunate, with rounded ends. L. 0,2; B. 0,05 mm.
Median line arcuate, with strong terminal nodules and reflexed terminal fissures. Axial area
narrow, linear, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Stigma in the middle of the central
nodule, without distinct fissure. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., in the middle radiate and of unequal
length, towards the ends almost transverse, distinctly punctate; puncta 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. —
Coce. Jan. A. 8S. Atl. LXXI f. 81.

Fresh water: Pitt River, Oregon (Grove Coll.)! San Francisco (Atl.).

Additional.

C. conifera Brun (1893). — V. slightly asymmetrical, with arcuate dorsal and gibbous
ventral margin. Ends apiculate. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Median line slightly
arcuate, somewhat excentric. Axial area narrow, linear, not dilated around the central nodule.
Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, coarsely punctate; puncta 20 in 0,01 mm.
—- Hire. D. d’Auvergne p. 220 Pl. VI f. 7.

Fresh water: Cantal, fossil!

Species not described and too imperfectly figured to be admitted in the above monograph.

. affinis Pant. III Pl. IV f. 52.

austriaca var. fossilis Panr. III Pl. VIIT f. 133.

— — _ var. latestriata Pant. IIT Pl I f. 9.

Budayiana Pant. III Pl. XV f. 233 (C. Ehrenbergii var.?).
a var. gracilior Pant. III Pl. XXIV f. 363.
capitata Pant. III Pl. X f. 160.

Cistula var. hungarica Pant. III Pl. III f. 40 (C. helvetica?).
. Clementis Pant. III Pl. XX f. 303 (C. Cistula var.?).

sail a Pant. III Pl. X f. 174.

a var. producta Pant. IIT Pl. XXTIT f. 346.
Gruincosi Pant. III Pl. XIX f. 283 (C. Cistula var. ?).
helvetica var. fossilis Pant. III Pl. IX f. 158.

. inflata Pant. TIT Pl. VI f. 95.

Jimboit Pant. III Pl. VIII f. 130 (C. Cistula?).

. Kockit Pant. III Pl. I f. 2 (C. Cistula var. maculata?).
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. Band 26. N:o 2.

ae QAaag 2 Aaa

178 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

C. lanceolata var. fossilis Pant. III Pl. XXIII f. 344.
— — var. robusta Pant. III Pl. XXIII f. 350.
C. marina Pant. III Pl. XIX f. 274 (Amphora angusta var.?).
C. obtusa Pant. III Pl. V f. 79.
C. pachyptera Pant. Pl. XXI f. 304, 316.
C. Peragalli Pant. IIT Pl. XLII f. 584.
C. perfecta Pant. III Pl. XVII f. 249 (C. cymbiformis var.?).
C. plutonica Pant. IIT Pl. XX f. 297 (C. aspera var.?).
C. preclara Pant. III Pl. XXXVI f. 512 (resembles C. lanceolata but has closer strie).
C. Rakoczyana Pant. III Pl. VIII f. 121 (C. Cistula var. maculata?).
C. simplex Pant. III Pl. XXI f. 308 (C. ventricosa?),
C. Staubie Pant. IIT Pl. VUI f. 131 (C. leptoceras var.?).
C. Szontaghit Pant. III Pl. X f. 161 (Amphora augusta var.?).
C. suavis Panr. IIT Pl. XV f. 229 (akin to C. leptoceras?).
C. turgida Pant. III Pl. VI f. 103 (C. parva?).
C. valida Pant. IIT Pl. IX f. 154 (C. aspera var.?).
C. vegeta Pant. III Pl. XXIV f. 359.

Gomphonema Acarpn (1824).

Valve more or less elongated, clavate, or asymmetrical to the transverse axis. Structure:
transverse slightly radiate strie or rows of puncta. Connecting zone not complex, broader in the
upper than in the lower end. Cell-contents a single chromatophore, leaving only a narrow parietal
plasmaband along one side of the zone, deeply sinuose below the median line. On conjugation two
auxospores are formed by two mother-cells, parallel to them. The plane of division of the primordial
cell is at right angles to the plane of division of the mother-cells (Pritzzr Bau u. Entw. p. 88).

The large G. geminatum was observed as early as 1773 by O. F. Mitrer, who named it
Vorticella pyrarta. The genus Gomphonema was established 1824 by Acarpu for two species, and
since then a large number of species have been formed by Eurenpere, Ktrzine and others, unfort-
unately founded on trifling characteristics. For forms living, as Diadesmis, in bands of closely
connected frustules, EHRENBERG created (1843) the genus Sphenosira. Kirzina founded (1844) the
genus Sphenella for free-living forms and Rapenuorst (1853) the genus Gomphonella for forms,
which live in gelatinous masses. HeEIBERG (1863) maintained, with justice, that these genera are
not admissible, as they are founded on characteristics, which occur in the same species. An
attempt to arrange systematically the known species of Gomphonema was made (1878), by Grunow
in his description of the alge of the Caspian Sea, and since then he has given a number of most
valuable figures in Van Heurcx’s Synopsis Plates XXIII, XXIV and XXV. As among them there
are several species from America, which, while having the general outline of Gomphonema, differ in
their structure, and in the presence of longitudinal lines, similar to those of Scoliotropis and
Caloneis, I now exclude these forms, and place them in a separate genus Gomphoneis. Recently
Brun has described, as G. cantalicum, a species, which seems to be allied to Gomphoneis, as it
shews across the striz a longitudinal line, but the striation of this species is in all other respects
quite different from that of Gomphoneis.

The valve of Gomphonema is asymmetrical to the transverse axis, and is usually broader
in the upper portion, with a wedge-shaped lower end. The central nodule is nearer to the upper
end, or apex, than the lower, or basis. Many species are asymmetrical also to the longitudinal
axis, but in a less visible degree, as Pritzur first pointed out, with a parallel asymmetry, like that
of the Cymbelle. Some varieties are even slightly cymbelliform. In many species there is on
one side of the central nodule an isolated punctum, or stigma, as in several Cymbelle, and in others

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. NO 2. 179

a unilateral row of stigmas. Grunow has formed for the species with stigmas the group Asym-
metrica, and for those without stigmas the group Symmetrica, which names may in view of
maintaining the analogy with the Cymbellie be adventageously changed to Stigmatica and Astig-
matica.

There is a great resemblance between the cell-contents of Gomphonema and Cymbella, the
structure is the same in both genera, and they are no doubt nearly connected. We have in Cym.
Beccarit Grun. a form, which is asymmetrical to the transverse axis, and, there are several other

rymbelloid varieties of Gomphonema. Gomph. Cymbella Brun may be considered as an inter-
mediate link between the two genera.

The outline of the forms of Gomphonema is very variable, and older authors have paid too
much attention to it in forming new species. There exist in the same species all possible transi-
tions, from purely clavate, to strongly biconstricted forms, so that outline only cannot be regarded
as a good specific distinction.

Most species of Gomphonema inhabit fresh water, some brackish water, and there are also
purely marine forms, the latter being all astigmatical. They are usually attached by dichotomously
branched gelatinous stalks to alge, stones, leaves of water-plants etc. Some forms are inbedded
in gelatinous masses, but frustules of attached species occur also occasionally free.

Artificial key.

I. Stigmatica.

1. ations stria alternately longer and shorter. .. se on 8 2.
not —_— _ _— i ae ; SOR Uiethele Al a 3.
9, te 0,1 to 0,12 mm. , tea 8 aw 6 8 G. geminatum Lynes.
L. 0,05 mm .. F : G. constrictum Ens.
; Axial area distinct or goed 4,
3.
— — indistinct or narrow 7.
4 | Are linear as. ba a ke ee @ : eo PES eg eS 5.
— lanceolate...... ae 4 i. 9¢ «6:
5. Ve subacute or apiculate. © ww . . G. validum Ct..
‘ — broadly truncate... . oe 2S .. 2. G. Berggrenti Cu.
6. J Strie about 12 in 0,1 mm. : Re G. ventricosum GREG.
\- -— 8 = So | s—t«=<ié« 2 G. ae Cu.
7, es area transverse . . ....., F ‘ , 8
— small and roniniledl or indistinct ........ ew UR:
8, Pees area unilateral hase Dida tic~ HB upc er eho inte aie cene aes a. hie Oy
— bilateral me Ag ese : sr He ey Ry caten 10.
Ends apiculate ........ he eee ; G. Augur Eup.
9. {= rostrate to truncate . ... aa . ee G. angustatum Kivrz.
broad, rounded-truncate ; fee Bose .. . G. subtile Exp.
10. fo area narrow... ww es te ee ee GL gracile Exp.
— broad .... : F 4 ee fe ome tel ase ede
iW. es coarsely punctate te Se , & semiapertum GRUN.
obscurely <3 sk hte) A Ae a Se a ew . . « G. intricatum Kirz.
19. aes biconstricted .... . . G. acuminatum Eup. (G. deplichabtitien var. Mustela).
not — e 4 : boy { ak es ee ee sy 13.
Ends capitate... i ae . G. spherophorum Exp.
13. \~ apiculate 5 bh BB dig ds< . . « & apicatum Exp.
rounded .. . ee ae ee oe es ae 7 14.
Strie coarsely punctate .. re ' ae #3 .) lanceolatum Ens. 1
14. :
{ — finely or obscurely — .. 1... . a» gh cme hs on, eels

1 G. cantalicum Br. a. HiRIB.

180 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

| Vales cymbiform ... 1... ; : : . . G. Cymbelia Bron.
15. — clavate. . fae , : . : vw ee GL subclavatum Gron.
| — lanceolate . 3 : : : : a4 : ... 16.
Strie radiate... 2... Ow es ze ; a G. eriense GRUN.
16.
— almost transverse .. 2...) Fee ee . 2. G parvulum Kirra.
Astigmatica.
1 Axial area narrow or indistinct. . . a hs ot , 2.
— distinct. = ..... : ; ee 2 e- Di
2, Central area distinct. . . ‘ : : . a , ede OB:
— indistint. ... .. G. exiguum Kirz.
Valve lanceolate. : : 3 . G. transsylvanicum Pant.
ace clavate. ... : : d P . G. olivaceum Lyrnes.
3. : i
ie linear-clavate 2. 000 J . « G. peruvianum GrRun.
linear, with broad apex and basis . . : ee Been aa 4,
Central area rounded . . . . . “ .. . G. Salinarum Pant.
4.
— a transverse fascia ‘ dette : ‘ : ‘ . . G. estuarii Ou.
5. weal area narrow. dilated in the idate F ; G. kamtschaticum Grun.
— broad «6 0000 Nata 6.
Strie 21 to 22 in 0,01 mm. moh am « . G. abbreviatum Kurz.
6. — 16 to 18 — x 5 i bd Gi 4s . . G. brasiliense Grun.
6 in — — ; : ch bial xe . . G. Puiggarianum Grun.

1. G. eriense Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, slightly clavate with rounded, obtuse ends.
L. 0,032 to 0,042; B. 0,013 to 0,014 mm. Axial area narrow, linear; central area small, rounded,
with a distinct stigma. Strie radiate, 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 12-
V. H. Syn. XXIII f. 10.

Fresh water: Lake Erie, N. America (Grun.).

This species in unknown to me, but to judge from the figure, it is not closely allied to any
other Gomphonema.

2. G, parvulum Kirz. (1844). — V. lanceolate-clavate, with rounded or rostrate to capitate
apex, gradually tapering from the middle to the narrow often subcapitate basis. L. 0,02 to 0,03;
B. 0,006 to 0O,oo7 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area indistinct or small and unilateral.
Stigma frequently indistinct. Striz 13 to 15 in 0,01 mm., almost transverse, indistinctly punctate.
— Sphenella parvulum Kitz. Bac. p. 83 Pl. XXX f. 63. Gomphon. parvulum V. H. Syn. p. 125
Pl. XXV f. 9. G. parv. var. subcapitata V. H. Syn. f. 11. G. parv. var. lanceolata V. H. Syn.
f. 10. G. Lagenula V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 7, 8.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. T.), France! Athens! Italy! Sandwich Islands!
Tahiti! New Zealand! New Jersey! Dakota! Jamaica! Brazil! Ecuador!

Var. subelliptica Cu. — V. elliptic-lanceolate almost symmetrical, with scarcely rostrate
apex. L. 0,015; B. 0,005 to 0,oo6 mm. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Greenland! Falmonth! Tasmania!

Var. exilis Gruy. -— V. subclavate, narrow, linear-lanceolate, with rounded, not rostrate
apex. L. 0,02 to 0,005 mm. Striz 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Casp. 8. Alg. p. 10.

Fresh water: Rimforsa in Westergétland, Sweden (Grun. ad. icon. in litt).

Var. exilissima Grun. V. narrow, lanceolate, subclavate, with slightly rostrate ends. L. 0,02;
B. 0,005 mm. -— Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 12 (V. H. T. 17).

Fresh water: England! Ecuador!

Var. micropus Kwtrz (1844). — V. slightly clavate, lanceolate, with obtuse apex and subacute
basis. L. 0,025 to 0,03; B. 0,007 to 0,oo8 mm. Striz 8 to 13 in 0,01 mm. Central area unilateral,
narrow. — G. micropus Kitz Bac. p. 84. V. H. Syn. p. 125 Pl. XXIV f. 46, XXV f. 4, 5, 6.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. N:0 2, 181

G. angustatum var. intermedia Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 47, 48. G. angustum Brus.
(fide Grun.).

Fresh water: Finland! Sweden, Upsala! Gothland, Visby in slightly brackish water (a var.
with coarse striz, 8 in 0,01 mm.), Kansas River! Ecuador!

Var.? tergestina Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse, truncate ends. L. 0,015; B. 0,004
mm. Central area unilateral, very broad, reaching to the margin. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. —
G. semiapertum var. tergestina Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 40.

Triest (Grun.).

3. G. angustatum Kirz (1844). — V. slightly clavate, linear, with broad, rostrate to sub-
capitate apex and basis. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,oo7 mm. Axial area not distinct; central area uni-
lateral, stigma indistinct. Strix transverse 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. indistinctly punctate. — Sphenella
angustata Kurz Bac. p. 83 Pl. VIII f. 6. G. commune Rasu. FI. E. Alg. p. 283 (1864). G. angusta
V. H. Syn. p. 126 Pl. XXIV f. 49, 50.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.), France! Germany!

Var. producta Grun. (1880). — V. L. 0,02 to 0,025. Ends rostrate to capitate. — Gomph.
commune Laast. Spitsb. D. p. 40 Pl. Ll f. 14. G. ang. var. prod. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 52 to 55.

Fresh water: Spitzbergen! Sweden! Finland! Neuchatel! Tasmania! Arctic America! Winni-
peg River! Brazil!

Var. obtusata Kitz (1844). — V. distinctly clavate, with broad, subrostrate ends. L. 0,025
to 0,03 mm. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Sphenella obtusata Kitz Bac. p. 83 Pl. IX f. 1.
Gomph. ang. var. obtus. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 43 to 45. Sph. obt. and S. vulgaris Scuum. I
Nacht. Pl. II f. 14, 15. Sphenella naviculoides Hantzscu in Rab. Dec. N:o 1322 (1862).

Fresh water: Thiiringen!

Var. equalis Grea. (1856). -- V. with capitate-rostrate apex and basis. L. 0,03 to 0,035;
B. 0,006 mm. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — G. equale Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If. 41. G. angust.
var.? equals Grun. V. H. S. Pl. XXV f. 3.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.).

Var. subequalis Grun. (1880). — V. as in var. producta. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm. — Grun.
V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 1.

Fresh water.

Var. Sarcophagus Gree. (1856). — V. linear with rostrate, broad apex and basis. L. 0,024
to 0,04; B. 0,006 to 0,oo7 mm. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. — G. Sarcophagus Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If. 42.
G. ang. var. Sarcoph. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 2. G. Lagenula Scuum. III Nacht. Pl. II f. 8?

Fresh water: Sweden (Rimforsa in Westergétland, Alnarp)! Scotland (Greg.).

Var. undulata Grun. Ms. —- V. triundulate. L. 0,02 to 0,028; B. 0,006 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Laurgaard in Norway (Grun.).

Gomph. angustatum is a very variable species, passing over by its varieties to Gomph par-
vulum var. micropus. By the var. undulata it seems to be connected with Cymbella abnormis.

4. G. intricatum Kitz (1844). — V. sublinear, slender, slightly gibbous in the middle,
with obtuse apex and basis. L. 0,03 to 0,07; B. 0,005 to 0,003 mm. Axial area distinct, but
narrow; central area transverse, broad. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., subparallel, obscurely punctate. —
Kitz Bac. p. 87 Pl. IX f. 4. V. H. Syn. p. 126 Pl. XXIV f. 28, 29. G. gracile Scuum. IT Nacht.
PI. I. 18 a.

Fresh water: Sweden! Russian Lapland! Finland! Hungary, Dubravica, fossil (Grun.),
Ecuador (reg. trop.)!

Var. pumila Grun. (1880). — L. 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — GRun. in
V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 35, 36. G. gracillimum Scuum. I Nacht. Pl. If. 18 6?.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), England, Cirencester! Hungary, Dubravica, foss. (Grun.).

182 bP. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. dichotoma Kir1z (1833). — L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,008 mm. Strie 11 to 13 in 0,01 mm.
— G. dichot. Kitz. Syn. D. p. 569 f. 48. Bacil. p. 85 Pl. VIII f. 14. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XXIX
f. 241? G. intr. var. dich. V. H. Syn. p. 125 Pl. XXIV f. 30—81. G. pulvinatum At. Br. in Rab.
Stissw. D. p. 58 (1853). V. H. Syn. f. 32 to 34.

Fresh water: Finland! Zirich! Australia (Victoria, Lake Muir, Tasmania)!

Var. fossilis Panr. (1889). — L. 0,045; B. 0,0075 mm. Strie 10 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm., the
median more distant, 7,5 in 0,01 mm. — Panv. II p. 56 Pl. XI f. 201.

Brackish water: Hungary, foss. (Pant.).

Var. Vibrio Ens. (1843). — V. very slender and narrow, linear, slightly gibbous in the
middle, with rounded-truncate often gibbous ends. L. 0,08 to 0,011; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Strie
10 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate. — G. Vibrio Eus. Verb. p. 128 Pl. II: 1 f.40. Microg. W. Sm.
B. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 242. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 26—27. G. Cygnus Scuum. P. D. p. 187
Pl. EX f. 267

Fresh water: Finland! Germany, Erlaf See (Grun.), Hungary, Dubravica, fossil (Grun.),
Seychelles!

To this species probably belongs G. hungaricum Pant. III Pl. IL f. 28 (1898).

5. G. subtile Ens. (1843). — V. narrow, elongate,d biconstricted, with broad, rounded-
truncate apex. L. 0,045; B. 0,007 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area narrow, unilateral,
transverse. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm., almost transverse, distinctly punctate. — Eur. Am. p. 128.
Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If. 12. Scuum. P. D. I Nacht. Pl. ID f. 19. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 13, 14.

Fresh water: Scotland! Finland! Holstein! Bengal!

Var. Sagitta Scuum. (1863). — As the type, but with cuneate apex. — G. Sagitta Scuum.
PD. p. 187 Pl. IX. f. 29. “V. B. Syn. Pl XXII f. 27.

Fresh water: Prussia (Schum.).

6. G. semiapertum Grun. (1880). — V. elongated, clavate, with broad apex and basis. L.
0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,011 to 0,013 mm. Axial area distinct, linear; central area a large, transverse
fascia, with a distinct stigma on one side and frequently marginal strie on the other. Striz 10
to 11 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, punctate; puncta about 21 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXIV f. 42. Cu. M. D. N:o 264.

Fresh water: California, Shasta Co (Grun.), Oregon, Pitt River (Grove Coll.)!

7. G. gracile Ens. (1838). — V. elongated, linear to lanceolate, with acute to subacute apex
and basis. lL. 0,025 to 0,07; B. 0,04 to 0,0111 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area narrow,
transverse. Striz transverse, 9 to 15 in 0,01 mm.

Var. cymbelloides Grun. Ms. — V. slightly asymmetrical to the longitudinal axis, with gently
curved dorsal margin and nearly straight ventral margin. L. 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Strie about
16 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Norway, Dovre! Sweden, Helsingland, Arbra!

Var. aurita Au. Br. (1853). — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate. L. 0,024 to 0,04; B. 0,005 to
0,oo6 mm. Strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. Living cells with two horn-like processes at the end. —
G. aur. Au. Br. in Rabh. Siissw. D. p. 59 Pl VIII f. 3. V. H. Syn. XXIV f. 15 to 18. G. an-
gustum Scuum. I Nachtr. Pl. II f. 17?

Fresh water: Baden, Titisee (A. Br.), Finland! Norway, Dovre! Iceland! U. St. Bemis Lake,
White Mountains!

Var. dichotomum W. Sm. (1853). — Linear-lanceolate, slightly clavate, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,007 mm. Strize 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. — G. dichotomum
W. Sm. Br. D. I p. 79 Pl. XXVIII f. 240. G. (gracile var.?) dichotomum V. H. Syn. Pl. XXXV
f. 19 to 21. G. tenellum W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XX1X f. 243? G. Vibrio Scuum. Tatra Pl. III f. 38?
G. hebridense Huris. D. d'Auvergne p.- 61 Pl. III f. 9?

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 183

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! England! Dubravica, Hungary, foss. (Grun.), Celebes! Hawaji!
New Zealand! Australia (Daintree River! Mitchell River! Australian Alps! Tasmania!) Nova
Scotia! Tlinois! Mexico! Jamaica! Ecuador!

Var. major Grun. (1880). — V. slender, lanceolate. L. 0,07 to 0,10; B. 0,011 mm. Strize 9
to 10 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 12. G. hebridense
Gree. M. J. IT Pl. IV f. 19?

Fresh water: New Zealand! Rhode Island! Demerara River!

Var.? lanceolata Kirz. (1844). — V. lanceolate-clavate, with apiculate apex. L. 0,055;
B. 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow; central area narrow, transverse. Strice 16 in 0,01 mm. — Kitz.
Bac. p. 87 Pl. XXX f. 59, V. H. Syn. XXIV f. 11. G@. Turris var. apiculata Grun. D. of
Banka p. 10 Pl. I f. 12.

Fresh water: Trinidad (Kitz, Grun.), Banka (Grun.).

Var. naviculacea W. Sm. (1856). — V. almost symmetrical to the transverse axis, lanceo-
late. L. 0,035 to 0,047; B. 0,007 to 0,01 mm. Striz 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm., indistinctly punctate.
— W. Sm. B. D. II p. 98. V. H. Syn. XXIV f. 13, 14.

Fresh water: Edinburgh Bot. Garden (W. Sm.)! New Zealand!

G. gracile comprises a large number of closely connected forms, some of which are nearly
akin to G. intricatum, some to G. lanceolatum Eup.

8. G. Cymbella Brun (1891). — V. linear, slightly clavate with obtuse apex and basis,
slightly lunate. L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,011 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area transverse not
reaching the margin, with a conspicuous stigma. Striz almost parallel 6 to 7 in 0,o1 mm. — Brun
D. esp. n. p. 28 Pl. XIX f. 2.

Fresh water: South Africa, Rio de la Plata, Cape Horn (Brun).

9. G. lanceolatum Ens. (1843). — V. lanceolate, clavate, gradually tapering from the
middle to the obtuse apex and basis. Li. 0,027 to 0,07; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow linear.
Central area small, rounded, with one unilateral stigma. Striz 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm., slightly
radiate, coarsely punctate; puncta 22 to 24 in 0,01 mm.; the median stria opposite to the stigma
shortened. — Eup. Am. Pl. II: 1 f. 37. G. affine Kira. Bac. p. 86 Pl. XXX f. 54 (1844). V. H.
Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 8 to 10. G. Szaboi Panr. III Pl. Il f. 34 (1893)?

Fresh water: Mexico! Jamaica! Ecuador! Lake Tacarigua, Trinidad (V. H. Syn.), Marquesas
Islands! New Zealand!

Var. insignis Grea. (1856). — At the type, but with coarser strie, 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm.;
puncta 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. — G. insignis Gruc. M. J. IV Pl. If 39. V.H.S. PL XXIV f. 39 to 41.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.), Bengal! Victoria, Australia! Ecuador, San Nicolas!

Var. bengalensis Grun. (1880). — More clavate. L. 0,03 to 0,057; B. 0,009 mm. Strie 8
to 9 in 0,01 mm. indistinctly punctate. — G. bengalense Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 37, 28.

Fresh water: Bengal (V. H. Syn.).

G. lanceolatum is nearly akin to G. gracile, some of its forms being exceedingly difficult to
distinguish from several varieties of that species. Some forms are, on the other hand, very similar
to forms of G. subclavatum.

10. G. subelavatum Grun. (1878). — V. clavate, with broad rounded apex and somewhat
narrower basis, gibbous in the middle. L. 0,035 to 0,07; B. 0,008 to 0.01 mm. Axial area
narrow; central area rounded, with distinct stigma. Strie strong, 9 to 13 in 0,01 mm. obscurely
punctate, almost transverse, the median ones often shortened. — G. longiceps Ens. var. subclavata
Grun. Casp. 8. Alge p. 10. G. montanum v. subclav. Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 125 Pl. XXIIT
f, 39—43., XXIV f. 1. G. commutatum Gruy. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 2. Fr. Jos. Land D.
p- 98 (46) Pl. I f. 12. G. longiceps Ens. M. G. Pl. VIL 3, B f. 9 (1854)? Scuum. P. D. p. 187
Pl. IX f. 27? G. Cygnus Strése Kliecken f. 17. G. caleareum Cu. a. M. D. N:o 137. G. dichoto-

184 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

mum B sessile Kurz. (fide Grun.). G. Brébissonii Kitz. (fide Grun.). G. mexicanum GRun. in
V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 3. G. Kinkerianum Panv. TIT Pl. X f. 162, 165.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Holstein! Belgium (V. H.), France! England! Neusidler See
(Grun.), Iceland! Argentina! Chimborazo, Ecuador! Sandwich Islands! Tasmania! Auckland! California!

Var. obliqua Grun. (1884). — Cymbelloid bent, asymmetrical to the longitudinal axis. —
Grun. Fr. Josephs L. D. p. (98) 46.
Var. acuminata Hiri. a. Perac. (1893). — Lanceolate, tapering towards the narrow ends.

-— G, subclav. var. acum. Hirt. a. Perag. D. d'Auvergne p. 55 Pl. III f. 8.

Fresh water: Auvergne, fossil.

Var. Mustela Ens. (1854). — Biconstricted, with gibbous, obtuse apex. — G. Must. Ens. M.
G. Pl. Vib 3, B. f 2 Scaum. P. D. p. 187 Pl, IX. £30. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV £4 to 7.
G. Sagitta Scuum. P. D. IIT Nachtr. Pl. II f. 16?

Fresh water: Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Finmark! Norway, Dovre! Finland! Gulf of Bothnia!

Forma curvata Br. a. Perag. (1893). — Frustules in front-view curved. — Hiri. D. d’Au-
vergne p. 59 Pl. III f. 6, 7.

Fresh water: Auvergne, fossil.

Var. montana Scuum. (1867). — Biconstricted, with protracted subtruncate or obtuse apex.
— Scuum. Tatra p. 67 Pl. III f. 35. V. H. Syn. p. 124 Pl. XXIII f. 33 to 36. G. acuminatum
var. submontana Gutwinsky Fl. Galiz. p. 28 Pl. I f. 23.

Fresh water: Galiz. (Schum.), Belgium (V. H.), Hungary, fossil (Grun.), Demerara River!

G. subclavatum by its variety montana makes complete transition to G. acuminatum, the
latter comprising forms with acute, the former with obtuse ends.

11. G. acuminatum Fup. (1838). — V. clavate, more or less biconstricted, with apiculate
apex, and narrow basis. IL. 0,03 to 0,07; B. 0,009 to 0,o1 mm. Axial area narrow or indistinct;
central area short and narrow, unilateral. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, the median
stria opposite to the stigma being shortened. — Ens. Inf. p. 217 Pl. XVIII f. 4. W. Sm. B. D.
I Pl. XXVIII f. 238 a, a’.

Forma trigonocephala Kus. (1854). — V. not distinctly biconstricted. Apex cuneate. —
G. trig. Exp. M. G. Pl. VI: 1 f. 86. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 18.

Forma Brébissonii Kitz. (1859). — V. slightly biconstricted, with cuneate apex. — G. Bréb.
Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 66. V. H. Syn. XXIII f. 23—26. C. ae. var. Clavus V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII
f. 20. G. acum. W. Su. B. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 238 a’.

Forma coronata Eup. (1840). — V. strongly biconstricted, with broad, apiculate apex. --.
G. coron. Eus. Abh. 1840 p. 211. G. acum. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 238 @. V. H. Syn.
p. 124 Pl. XXIII f. 15. Petit Lac des Vosges f. 2. Strése Kliecken f. 16. G. acum. V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXIII f. 16. G. acum. var. laticeps V. H. Syn. 1. ec. f. 17.

Forma pusilla Grun. (1880). — As the f. coron. but smaller. L. 0,03; B. 0,008 mm. —
G. acum. var. pus. Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 19.

Fresh water: Spitzbergen (Lagst.), Sweden! Finland! Belginm (V. H.), England, (Sm.), Ger-
many! Switzerland! France! Spain! Canada! Massachusetts! Illinois!

Var. elongata W. Sm. (1855). — V. slender, elongated, strongly gibbous in the middle and at
the apex. L. 0,07 to 0,11; B. 0,012 to 0,017 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta
about 20 in 0.01 mm. — G. elongat. W. Su. Ann. N. Hist. 1855 p. 6 Pl. I f. 4. B. D. II p. 99.
G. acum. var. elong. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 22. G. Brébissonii Gree. M. J. II Pl. IV f. 13
(1854)? G. acum. var. intermedia Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 21.

Fresh water: Scotland! Finland! Vosges!

Var. Turris Kus. (1843). — V. very slightly biconstricted with cuneate or apiculate apex.
L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,013 mm. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — G. Turris Eup. Am. p. 128. M. G.
Pl. XIV f. 70, 71. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 31.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2, 185

Fresh water: Finland (Padasjoki)! Bengal! Australia, North Australia! Murray River!
Australian Alps! New Zealand! Houghton, Michig.! Illinois! California! Demerara! Rio Janeiro!
Ecuador!

G. acuminatum comprises a number of forms, exceedingly variable in size and outline, pass-

ing over to G. subclavatum var. montana by the forma Brébissonii, and to G. Augur by smaller
forms of the var. Turris.

12. G. Augur Exp. (1840). — V. clavate, with broad, truncate-apiculate apex and narrow
basis. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,009 to 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow; central area narrow, unilateral
Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. — Eup. Ber. 1840 p. 211. M. G. XVII:1, f. 35. V. H.
Syn. p. 124 Pl. XXTIT f. 29. G. Augur var. Gautieri V. H. Syn. p. 124 Pl. XXIII f. 28. G. na-
sutum Ens. Am. p. 128. M. G. VI: 1 f. 37?

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Ceyssat, Puy de Déme foss.! Maine, Bridgetown! Waltham
Mass.! Mexico! Seychelles!

G. Augur is closely connected with G. accuminatum var. Turris, of which it may be regarded
as a form with non-constricted valves.

G. apicatum Eup. (1841). — V. clavate, not biconstricted, with acuminate apex. L. 0,022
to 0,025; B. 0,006 to 0,oo7 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. almost
transverse, near the end slightly radiate, not distinctly punctate. — Ens. Abh. 1841 p. 416
(accord. to Chase) M. G. IX: 1 f. 41? Cu. D. of Finl. p. 48 Pl. IIT f. 20, 21. G. eristatum W. Sm.
B. D I Pl. XXVIII f. 239? Heib. Consp. D. D. V f. 17?

. Fresh water: Finland!
G. apicatum is nearly connected with G. acuminatum f. trigonocephala, but has finer strie.

13. G. validum Cu. N. Sp. — V. elongated, gently biconstricted, with rostrate-apiculate
apex. L. 0,065; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area linear, moderately broad, not dilated in the middle.
Stigma often indistinct. Strie 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm., distinctly punctate, of equal length, transverse,
but radiate at the apex. — Pl. V f. 9.

Fresh water: Japan, fossil in lignite (Brun Coll.)! Demerara River!

Var. elongata. — V. very slightly biconstricted, with subcuneate apex. L. 0,14; B. 0,0113
mm. Strive 5,5 in 0,01 mm. - Pl. Vf. 8.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

G. validum has the outline of G. subclavatum var. montana, from which it differs by its
coarser striee and broader axial area.

14. G@. spherophorum Exp. (1845). — V. clavate, with capitate apex and narrow basis.
L. 0,035 to 0,047; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rounded. Strie 11 in
0,01 mm., nearly transverse, punctate. — Eup. Ber. 1845 p. 78 (fide Chase), V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 30,

Fresh water: Finland (Aland)! New York (Niagara Falls! Genessee Falls)! Lake Pistaku
(Illinois)!

G. spherophorum is nearly akin to G. Turris, from which it differs scarcely by anything
but the capitate apex.

15. G. Berggrenii Cu. N. Sp. — V, clavate, with broad subtruncate and usually constricted
apex. Basis much narrower, obtuse. L. 0,047 to 0,05; B. 0,011 to 0,o12 mm. Axial area narrow,
linear, somewhat dilated around the central nodule. Stigma distinct. Striz coarse, 10 to 11 in
0,01 mm. distinctly punctate, slightly radiate. — Pl. V f. 6, 7.

Fresh water: New Zealand (Waitangi! Lake Rotorua! etc.).

G. Berggrenit resembles in outline G. constrictum and G. subclavatum, but differs from the
former by the median strie not being alternately longer and shorter, and from the latter by its
much broader ends and more distinct axial area.

K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. N:o 2. 24

186 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

16. G. constrictum Ens. (1830). — V. clavate, gibbous in the middle, with broad, rounded-
truncate apex and narrower basis. IL. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area narrow linear; central
area narrow, star-like. Stigma distinct, unilateral. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate,
in the middle alternately longer and shorter, coarsely punctate. — Eup. Abh. 1830 W. Sm.
B. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 236. V. H. Syn. p. 123 Pl. XXIII f. 6. G. pohlieforme Kurz. Dec. N:o 25
(1833). G. subramosum Kurz. Dec. N:o 152 (1836) fide Lagst. G. constr. var. subcapitata GRUN.
V. H. Syn. f. 5.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Jenissey! Australian Alps!
North Australia! Tasmania! Dlinois!

Var. capitata Eup. (1838). — V. very slightly or not constricted, clavate with broad apex.
— G. capitatum Eun. Inf. Pl. XVIII f. 2. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 237. V. H. Syn. p. 123
Pl. XXII f. 7. Petrr Lac des Vosges f. 3. G. turgidum Eup. M. G. Pl. II: 2 f. 40. V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXIII f. 11. G. italicum Kitz. Bac. p. 85 Pl XXX f. 75. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 8.
G. clavatum Eup. Inf. p. 218 Pl. XVIII f. 6. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXII f 9.

Fresh water: Sweden! Gulf of Bothnia! Finland! England! Belgium (V. H.), France! New
Zealand! Canada, foss.! New York, foss.! Argentina! Ecuador!

G. constrictum is a very common species with very variable outline. Typical specimens are
strongly biconstricted, but all possible intermediate forms exist to the quite unconstricted var. ca-
pitata. The characteristic present in all these forms is the stellate central area arising from the
median strie being alternately longer and shorter.

17. G. geminatum Lynes. (1819). — V. strongly biconstricted, with broad, subtruncate
apex and less broad, obtusely truncate basis. L. 0,1 to 0,12; B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. Axial area
narrow, linear; central area rounded, stellate at its margin, with one or, usually, several. stigmas,
disposed in a longitudinal row on one side of the central nodule. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate
at the ends, in the middle alternately longer and shorter, coarsely punctate; puncta 12 in 0,01
mm. — Vorticella pyraria Mtuu. 1773 (fide Kiitz.). Echinella geminata Lynexs. Tent. Hydroph.
p- 210. Gomph. gem. Ac. Syst. p. 12 (1824). W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XXVIT f. 235.

Fresh water on stones in rivulets and lakes: Spitsbergen, Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Faréar
(Lyngb.), Scotland! Ireland (Kiitz.), Sweden! Finland! France, Cantal (Hérib.), Spain, Aragonia
(Mouz6n), Switzerland (Brun), Vancouver Island!

Var. sibirica Grun. (1878). — V. slightly or indistinctly biconstricted, with broad end. L.
0,08 to 0,09; B. 0,035 mm. Stigma single. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Casp. See Alg. p. 11.
G. gem. var. hybrida Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIII f. 4. Franz Josephs Land D. p. 97| (45) Pl. If. 11.

Fresh water: Ochotsk (Grun.), Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Jenissey!

Var. curvirostra Temp. and Brun (1889). — V. deeply biconstricted, arcuate. L. 0,012 to
0,145 mm. Central area with a single stigma. Strie 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — G. curvirostrum Temp.
and Brun D. f. du Japon p. 38 Pl. IX f. 4.

Fresh water: Yedo foss. (Temp. and Brun).

G. geminatum, the largest of all species of this genus, is a northern and alpine form, being
very common in Scotland, Sweden and Finland, where it occurs attached to stones by strong
stalks. Between the strongly biconstricted type and the broadly clavate var. sibirica all kinds of
intermediate forms exist. The var. curvirostra is a cymbelloid form, such as occurs also among
the forms of other species.

18. G. ventricosum Grea. (1856). — V. lanceolate-clavate. with broad, obtuse apex and
narrower basis. L. 0,035 to 0,055; B. 0.01 mm. Axial area linear lanceolate. Central area
rounded, with one distinct stigma. Striz 11 to 13 in 0,01 mm., radiate, finely punctate; puncta
about 24 in 0,01 mm. — Gree. M. J. IV Pl. If. 40. V.H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 13. Ch. M. D. N:o 93.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.). Norway! Sweden! Finland! Jenissey! Kamtschatka! Waltham,
Massachusetts!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. wn:o 2. 187

Var. maxima Cu. — V. more lanceolate. L. 0,08; B. 0,017 mm. Strize 12 in 0,01 mm.
coarsely punctate; puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. — PI. V f. 13.

Fresh water: Pitt River, Oregon (Grove Coll.)!

Var. tasmanica Cu. — V. nearly lanceolate. L. 0,07; B. 0,015 mm. Striz about 9 in 0,01
mm., coarsely punctate; the median, on one side of the valve, alternatelty longer and shorter.

Fresh water: Campbell Town, Tasmania, fossil!

Var. ornata Grun. (1880). — Lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the obtuse
apex and basis. L. 0,06 to 0,1 mm. B. 0,011 to 0,013 mm. Axial and central areas combined in
a narrow, lanceolate space. On one side of the central nodule is a row of 3 to 5 stigmas, on the
other none, or one to two, stigmas. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 18 in 0,01
mm. — Gron. in V. H. Syn. Pl XXV f. 15. G. dubravicense Pant. III Pl. XX f. 294, 296 (1893)?

Fresh water: Guatemala, foss.!

The typical forms of G. ventricosum belong to northern countries and for that reason it
is doubtful whether the varieties should not be considered as distinct species, although the diffe-
rences are only trifling.

19. G. oxycephalum Cu. N. Sp. — V. large, gradually tapering from the middle to the
acute apex. Basis obtuse to truncate. L. 0,09 to 0,13; B. 0,018 to 0,o26 mm. Axial and central
areas uniting in a lanceolate space, with one (or two) stigma on one side of the central nodule.
Striz 8 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate at the ends, distinctly punctate; puncta 21 in 0,01 mm. —
PL-¥ £20.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

20. G. Salinarum Panv. (1889). — V. linear, more or less gibbous in the middle, with
almost equally broad, rounded obtuse apex and basis. L. 0,038 to 0,051; B. 0,0075 to 0,008 mm.
Terminal fissures of the median line distant from the ends. Axial area narrow linear, suddenly
dilated around the central nodule to an orbicular space. Strie 10 to 12 in 0.01 mm., obscurely
punctate, slightly radiate in the middle and at the ends. — G. olivaceum var. salinarum Pant. II
p- 56 Pl. IX f. 160; XI f. 199; XVIII f. 287. G. olivaceum var. fossilis Pant. IIT p. 56 Pl. XII
f. 204. G. salsa Pant. IT p. 56 Pl. XVII f. 285. G. Salin. Icon. n. Pl. V f. 11, 12.

Brackish water: Baltic at Riigen! Hungary fossil (Gyéngyés Pata! etc.).

Var. staurophora Pant. (1889). — Central area a transverse fascia. — G. oli. var. staur.
Pant. DU p. 56 Pl. XII f. 206.

Brackish water: Hungary fossil (Pant.).

G. Salinarum seems me to be perfectly distinct from G. olivaceum by the distant terminal
fissures, the broader axial area, the central orbicular area and the more distant striw. The outline
of the valve is, as in most species of Gomphonema, variable. Between G. salsa Pant. and G. oliv.
var. fossilis Pant. I am unable to find any difference from the descriptions and the figures.

21. G. transsylvanicum Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate, scarcely clavate, tapering from the
middle towards the obtuse ends. L. 0,084; B. 0,o168 mm. Axial area narrow; central area large,
irregular. Strie about 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, where they are of unequal length,
parallel towards the ends, not distinctly punctate. —- Pant. IIL Pl. XIV, 219, 220.

Fresh water?: Koépecz (Pant.).

Unknown to the author.

22. G. olivaceum Lynes. (1819). — V. clavate, rarely sublanceolate, with broad, rounded,
obtuse apex and narrower basis. L. 0,015 to 0,025; B. 0,005 to 0,oo7 mm. Axial area indistinct;
central area rectangular. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm., curved or radiate in the middle of the
valve, elsewhere almost transverse, not distinctly punctate. — Echinella oliv. Lynas. Tent. Hydr.
D. p. 209 Pl. LXX f. ¢ 1 to 3. G. oliv. Kitz. Alg. Dec. N:o 18 (fide Lagst.). W. Sm. B. D.

188 P. T, CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

P. XXIX f. 244. V. H. Syn. p. 126 Pl. XXV f. 20 to 27. G. sphenelloides Scuum. Pr. D. I
Nachtr. p. 19 f. 16. G. subramosum Kurz. (fide Grun.). Sphenella vulgaris Kwirz. (fide Grun.).

Fresh and brackish water: Sweden! Germany! Switzerland! England!

Var. baltica Cu. (1868). — V. clavate. L. 0,04; B. 0.0075 mm. Central area small. Striz
16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. — G. balticum Cu. Sv. och Norsk D. p. 231 Pl. IV f. 10 to 16.

Brackish water: Baltic (from Westerbotten to Gothland)!

Var. calcarea Cu. (1868). — V. clavate; L. 0,022 to 0,047; B. 0,005 to 0,oo8 mm. Central
area small. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — G. caleareum Cu. Sv. och Norsk D. p. 231 Pl. IV f. 7.

Fresh water (on moist limestone-rocks): Gothland!

Var. stauroneiformis Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,033 to 0,07; B. 0,01 to 0,o12 mm.
Striz 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Casp. See Alg. p. 9 Pl. III f. 2.

Brackish water: Caspian Sea (Grun.).

Var. tenellum Kitz. (1844). — V. small, clavate. L. 0,012 to 0,025; B. 0,003 to 0,o035 mm.
Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. — G. ten. Kitz. Bac. p. 84 Pl. VIII f. 8 V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIV f. 22 to 25.

Fresh water: Finland, Abo! Australian Alps!

G. olivaceum lives usually in rivulets by slender stalks attached to stones and forming
brownish masses about 1 centim. in diameter. The var. calcarea was found on limestone-rocks on
Gothland, fixed by long stalks and forming thick gelatinous masses. The var. baltica is common
in the Baltic and the Gulf of Bothnia, where it occurs attached by elongated gelatinous stalks to
Zostera and Potamogeton. The G. tenellum is not quite clear to me. What I suppose to be
Ktrzinas species is doubtless a very small G. olivacewm, but in the Syn. of Van Heurck Grunow

places G. tenellum among the asymmetrical Gomphonemas, so it is possible that G. tenellum Kitz.
Is a small G. intricatum.

23. G. Aestuarii Cx. (1893). — V. linear, narrow, slightly clavate, with obtuse end and
basis. L. 0,02 to 0,028; B. 0,002 to 0,0035 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area a broad trans-
verse fascia. Strie parallel (the median radiate) 20 in 0,01 mm. Ends of the valve with rudi-
mentary diaphragms. — Cu. Diatomiste Vol. II p. 55 Pl. III f. 4.

Marine: Hastings (Comber Coll.)!

24. G. exiguum Kivz. (1844). — V. narrow, clavate with obtuse, sometimes slightly rostrate
apex. L. 0,009 to 0,03; B. 0,002 to 0,oo3 mm. Axial area narrow, not dilated in the middle.
Strie 18 in 0,01 mm. transverse. — Kitz. Bac. p. 84 Pl. XXX f. 58. V. H. Syn. p. 126 Pl. XXV
f. 34. G. hyalinum Heib. Consp. D. D. p. 96 Pl. V f. 18 (1863). G. exiguum var. digitatum V. H.
Syn. f. 35, 363; var. telographicwum (Kttz.) V. H. 1. c. f. 37; var minutissimum (Kt1z.) V. H. 1. c.
f. 38; var. perpusilla Grun. V. H. 1. f. 39.

Marine: Coasts of Denmark (Heib.), England! Belgium (V. H.).

This minute species is probably widely distributed, but from its smallness rarely met with in
cleaned materials. Between the many varieties in V. H. Syn. I am unable to find any difference
except in the number of the striw, and the size.

Var. pachyclada Bris. (1838). — V. linear-clavate. L. 0,015 to 0,034; B. 0,005 mm. Striz
16 in 0,01 mm. — G. pach. Brie. Considér. p. 21 (fide Chase). V. H. Syn. XXV f. 31, 32.

Marine: Coasts of Normandy (Bréb., Grun.), Cape Wankarema! Behrings Island!

Var. arctica Grun. (1880). — V. broad, clavate. I. 0,02 to 0,035; B. 0,006 to 0,oos mm.
Strie 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. almost transverse. — G. arct. Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 30.
Franz Josephs Land D. p. 102 (50) Pl. I f. 13.

Marine, arctic regions: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Nova Zembla! Cape Wankarema!

25. G. kamtschaticum Grun. (1878). — V. elongated, clavate, with rounded apex and nar-
rower basis. L. 0,03 to 0,07; B. 0,005 to 0,011 mm. Axial area distinct, linear, dilated around
the central nodule. Striz 12 to 16 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, very finely punctate. —

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 189

Grun. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 12. V. H. Syn. AXV f. 29. G. antarcticum O’Mzara L. Soc. XV p. 56
Pl. I f. 3 (1877)?

Marine: Arctic America, Bessels Bay! Esquimaux Harbour (Grun.), Iceland! East Cape!
Behrings Island!

Var. sibirica Grun. (1878). — V. less clavate, striz less radiate. — Grun. in Cl. M. D. 315 to 318.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. californica Grun. (1880). — Almost linear, with obtuse and rounded ends. L. 0,03;
B. 0,006 mm. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 28.

Marine: San Francisco (Grun.).

G. Kamtschaticum is by the var. calif. nearly connected with G. exig. var. pachyclada, the
two latter varieties being distinguished only by the somewhat more visible axial and central area
of the former. In the Cape Wankarema material occur forms of G. kamtschaticum with unilate-
ral axial area.

26. G. peruvianum Grun. (1880). — V. linear, clavate. L. 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Axial area
narrow; central subquadrate. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 33.
Marine: Peru (Grun.).

27. G. abbreviatum (Ac. 1831?) Kitz. (1844). — V. clavate, with broad, rounded end and
narrow, obtuse basis. L. 0,016 to 0,028; B. 0,oo5 mm. Axial and central areas uniting in a broad,
linear-lanceolate space. Striew 21 to 22 in 0,01 mm. transverse, radiate in the end. — Licmophora
minuta Kitz. Dec. N:o 23 (1833) fide Lagst. G. abbreviatum Ag. Consp. p. 84? Ktrz. Bac. p. 84.
Grun. Casp. See Alg. p. 13. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 16.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Weissenfels (Kiitz.), Dubravica, Hurgary, fossil (Grun.),
Gulf of Bothnia at Tornea!

28. G. brasiliense Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,025 to 0,034; B. 0,005 to
0,oo55 mm. Axial and central areas uniting in a broad, lanceolate space. Striz 16 to 18 in 0,01
mm. short. — Grun. Casp. See Alg. p. 13. G. abbr. var. bras. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 17.

Fresh water: Brazil, Cuba, Bengal (Grun.).

Var. Demerare Grun. Ms. — V. sublanceolate with subrostrate apex. lL. 0,038 to 0,058;
B. 0,008 to 0,012 mm.

Fresh water: Demerara River (Grun.).

29. G. Puiggarianum Grun. (1880). — V. linear-lanceolate, with truncate apex and basis.
L. 0,05; B. 0,008 mm. Axial area broad, lanceolate. Strize 6 in U,o1 mm. marginal. — GRUN. in
V. H. Syn. Pl. XXV f. 18.

Fresh water: Brazil (Grun.).

Var. @quatorialis Cu. — V. small. L. 0,025; B. 0,oo5 mm. Area less broad. Strize 8 to
9 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Ecuador, San Nicolas!

Additional.

G. cantalicum Brun a. Hirre. (1893). — V. lanceolate, slightly clavate, gradually tapering
from the middle to the rounded obtuse ends. L. 0,16 to 0,225; B. 0,025 to 0,032 mm. Axial area
narrow, linear, not dilated in the middle where there is, unilaterally, a stigma. Strize 12 in 0,01
mm. almost parallel, slightly radiate at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta about 14 in 0,01 mm.,
arranged in slightly undulating longitudinal rows. Across the striz and in the middle between
the median line and the margin there is a shadowy longitudinal line. — Brun a. Herre. D. d’Au-
vergne p. 219 Pl. VI f. 11.

Fresh water: Cantal, fossil!

190 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. costalonga Brun a. Hiri. (1893). — Valve very slightly curved. Longitudinal lines
more distinct. — l. c. f. 13.

Var. major Brun a. Hiri. (1893). — L. 0,23 mm. — 1. cc. f. 12.

A very remarkable species. It does not belong to Gomphoneis as the striz are composed of
simple rows of puncta.

Trachyneis Ci. N. Gen.

Valve naviculoid, more or less elongated, frequently asymmetrical on both sides of the longi-
tudinal axis. Valve (often) with an interior coarsely dotted stratum, a median stratum of more
or less transverse flexuose strong cost, anastomosing, where they bend towards each other and
thus forming a network of diamond-shaped or rectangular alveoli, and an exterior stratum with
very fine puncta forming longitudinal, sometimes slightly oblique, fine striee. — Cell-contents: T. aspera
v. genuina has two chromatophore-plates along the connecting zone. The margins of the plates
are strongly indented.

The type of this genus, Nav. aspera Eup. is very variable and widely distributed. The
peculiar structure of this species makes it necessary to form for it and the allied species a
separate genus. Under a low power the valve seems to be covered with elongated or rhomboid
puncta, more or less distinctly disposed in quincunx, these puncta being the diamond-shaped alveoli
formed by the anastomoses of the costae. The fine puncta of the exterior stratum are visible only
with difficulty, and, under certain illumination, give to the elongated puncta the appearance of
being transversely lineate (See Van Heurck Suppl. Pl. B f. 26). The interior stratum of the valve
may sometimes be separated, as is shewn by the fig. 23 Pl. XLVIII of A. S. Atl.

I suppose that the division Lineolatze of Navicula may be regarded as having the nearest
relations to Trachyneis, especially the forms of that group, which have divided strie. A struc-
ture somewhat similar to that of Trachyneis is to be found in Mastoneis and Dictyoneis. All the
species of this genus are marine. They occur in all seas, arctic as well as tropical.

Most forms of Trachyneis aro so closely connected and subject to transitions as to make
the distinction of well founded species very difficult. The variability of some species is considerable.
In certain species there is a remarkable tendency to asymmetry, some varieties having a very ex-
centric median line, or asymmetrical axial area; but such forms, for which the genus Allotoneis
was created, are so closely connected with other, nearly, or perfectly, symmetrical forms, that no
specific distinction can be founded on this character. The arrangement of the alveoli in oblique,
or straight longitudinal rows, seems to afford some distinction; but this characteristic is also subject
to great variation, and in some forms we find that the rows are oblique near the central area,
and longitudinal elsewhere.

Artificral key.

Central area small... ..- 2. ee eee F i 4 .. ZF. velata AS,
oe ae Waree Ges 0 Roa te eS aoa AR as a ote bs acne.’ 2.
Central area a transverse, outwards dilated fascia . wie Sh aii Ped eae AR Se 3.
ee — rounded... ©. ...... i Re eels at ak 4.

Stauros not reaching to the margin. ....... Ce ee ae ee T. aspera Exp.

ae reaching — Sy iene, caine Pala oases .. T. tumidula Gron.
Alveoli in decussating rows ... «1... s+... entice Sige’ SR oe gp Seale 5 5.

2 ee — longitudinal — © 6 wa T. Johnsoniana Grev.
All alveoli in decussating rows. .......... ene 6.

ree at the margin in decussating, in the middle in cata rows... T. ‘Brunit Cu:

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. n:o 2, 191

6 jenn area indistinct. ......... Pipette: clap A Spree erties T Clepsydra Donk.
, — — linear, frequently unilateral... 2.2... ee ee 7.

7 J Alveoli in regularly decussating rows. .-...-+----- T. Debyi Lzup. Fort.
“|. — — irregularly — Sat em eS acak andes dena nan ayer karat T. Antillarum Cu.

1. TT. aspera Ens. (1843). — V. elliptic- to linear-lanceolate or elongated rhomboid. L. 0,06
to 0,3; B. 0,024 to 0,05 mm. Ends obtuse or rounded. Axial area very narrow or linear and
unilateral. Central area a broad stauros, widened and truncate outwards. Alveoli forming trans-
verse striz, radiate throughout, 6 to 18 in 0,01 mm. in more or less oblique rows.

Symmetrical forms.

Var. genuina Cu. — VY. linear-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,15 to 0,2; B. 0,028 to 0,033 mm.
Alveoli close. Rows of alveoli 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal fine strie distinct, 26 in 0,01
mm. — Stauroptera aspera Eup. Am. Pl. I f. 1, 2. Nav. aspera V. H. Syn. Pl. X f. 13. Suppl.
B. f. 26. A. 8. Atl. XLVIII f. 15, 21, 22. Donx. B. D. Pl. X f. 1. Nav. pseudo-aspera Pant. IIT
Pl. XVIII f. 258 (1893).

Marine: North Sea! Singapore (Atl.), Amboina (Kinker Coll.)! Sydney! Japan, fossil (Brun
Coll.)! Mexillones guano (Deby Coll.)!

Var. vulgaris Cu. — V. elliptic- or linear-lanceolate. L. 0,11 to 0,2; B. 0,02 to 0,035 mm.
Axial area indistinct or very narrow. Alveoli close. Rows of alveoli about 10 in 0,01 mm.
Longitudinal fine strize about 25 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. aspera A. S. XLVIII f. 2 to 6.

Marine: Arctic America! North Sea! Cape of Good Hope! New Zealand! Samoa! New Cale-
donia! Java! Galapagos Islands!

Var. Neumeyeri JantcsH (1876). — V. large, lanceolate. L. 0,3; B. 0,05 mm. Axial area
narrow. Rows of alveoli about 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Newm. A. 8. Atl. XLVI f. 1.

Marine: Cape Horn (Petit).

Var. robusta Petit (1877). — V. narrow, elliptical, with acute or subcuneate ends. L. 0,09
to 0,14; B. 0,028 to 0,035 mm. convex, with a longitudinal depression on each side of the median
line. Axial area indistinct. Alveoli forming three longitudinal bands and somewhat radiate strie,
6 (middle) to 8 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Stauroneis robusta Perrr D. de Campbell p. 27 Pl. V f. 16.

Marine:. Campbell Island (Petit Coll.)!

Var. angusta Cu. — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate. L. 0,12; B. 0,018 mm. Rows of alveoli
11 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

Var. contermina A. 8S. (1876). —- V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,048; B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm.
Axial area narrow. Strie in slightly radiate, transverse, rows, about 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed by
a few longitudinal blank bands. — Nav. contermina A. 8. Atl. XLVIITI f. 17, 18.

Marine: Japan (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit).

Var. pulchella W. Sm. (1853). — V. narrow, elliptical, gradually tapering towards the obtuse
ends. L. 0,075 to 0,085; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area indistinct. Alveoli close, forming oblique,
and slightly radiate, transverse rows, 13 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroptera Achnanthes Ens. Am.
p. 185 Pl. Ill: s f. 7? M. Geol. XVII: 1 f. 10? Stawroneis pulchella W. Su. B. D. 1p. 61 Pl. XIX
f. 194. Navicula aspera Donx. B. D. X f. 1 6. Stauroneis pygmea Caste. Voyage Challenger
p. 25 Pl. XXIX f. 7. A. 8S. Atl. XLVIII f. 12, 13 (no name).

Marine: North Sea! Philippines! Samoa! Sandwich Islands!

Var. residua A. S. (1876). — V. narrow, linear-lanceolate. L. 0,1; B. 0,012 mm. Axial
area indistinct. Rows of alveoli 18 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. residua A. 8. Atl. XLVIII f. 29.

Marine: Japan (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit).

192 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Asymmetrical forms.

Var. californica Cu. — V. linear-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,17 to 0,22; B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm.
Axial area linear, unilateral. Alveoli close, disposed in irregular, longitudinal rows, and slightly
radiate, transverse rows, 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine, fossil: Japan (Brun Coll.)! San Pedro (Kinker Coll.)! S:ta Monica Cal. (Deby Coll.)!

Var. derasa Cu. — V. linear, obtuse. LL. 0,22; B. 0,o23 mm. Axial area broad and irregu-
lar, unilateral. Central area a broad fascia, reaching to the margin. Alveoli close, forming
oblique rows and slightly radiate, at the ends parallel, rows, 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Madagascar (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. intermedia Grun. (1876). — V. narrow lanceolate to elliptic-linear. L. 0,1 to 0,19;
B. 0,019 to 0,026 mm. Axial area narrow, unilateral. Alveoli forming longitudinal or oblique
rows, and transverse, slightly radiate rows, 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. aspera var. interm. GRUN.
A. 8. Atl XLVIII f. 14. Franz Josephs Land D. Pl. I f. 20. Nav. aspera var. hungarica Pant.
II p. 42 Pl. X f. 180 (1889). .

Marine: Greenland! Spitzbergen! Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Finmark! Sea of Kara! Cape
Deshneff! North Sea! Fossil: St. Peter, Hungary! Briinn! Sendai, Japan!

Var. oblonga Batu (1854). — V. linear, with subcuneate ends, and frequently with a median
gibbosity. L. 0,17 to 0,22; B. 0,04 to 0,05 mm. Axial area narrow, linear, unilateral. Alveoli
close, in oblique and transverse rows, the latter slightly radiate, 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroptera
oblonga Bait Smiths. Contr. 1854 p. 10 f. 17. St. oblonga? A. S. Atl. Pl. XLVIIT f. 16. Stauro-
neis oblonga Castr. Voy. Challenger p. 24 Pl. XX f. 7 to 11.

Marine: Sydney! Kerguelens Land! South America, fossil!

Var. rhombica Cit. — V. rhomboid. L. 0,12; B. 0,055 mm. Ends acute. Median line ex-
centric. Axial area linear, unilateral. Central area large. Coste near the margin transverse, 9
in 0,01 mm. Alveoli arranged in oblique rows, crossing each others in an angle of about 80°, 6
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Galapagos Island!

Var. perobliqua Cu. — V. linear, gradually tapering towards the obtuse ends. L. 0,158;
B. 0,02 mm. Median line very excentric. Axial area indistinct. Alveoli arranged in oblige and
transverse rows, the latter 8 to 9 in 0,01 m. m. — PI. III f. 37.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. Amphora Brun (1891). — V. strongly asymmetrical. L. 0,09 to 0,14 mm. Axial area
irregular, unilateral. Central area small. Alveoli arranged in oblique and transverse rows, the
latter 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Amphora Brun De especes n. p. 32 Pl. XV f. 3.

Marine: Port au Prince and King Georgs Sound (Brun).

Var. Schmidtiana Grun. (1876). — Lanceolate, somewhat gibbous in the middle, obtuse.
L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. about 0,017 mm. Axial area linear, unilateral. Alveoli distant, disposed in 2
to 3 longitudinal rows and in transverse rows, 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Schm. A. 8S. Atl.
XLVIII f. 19, 20.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Galapagos Islands!

2. T.?) tumidula Grun. (1860). — V. gibbous in the middle and with broad, truncate ends.
L. 0,025; B. 0,011 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area a broad fascia, reaching the margin,
where it is dilated. Rows of alveoli radiate, 13 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroneis tumid. Grun. Verh.
1860 p. 566 Pl. VI f. 10.

Marine: Red Sea (Grun.).

I have not seen this form, which, to judge from GRUNOW’s : ‘deacription, seems to belong to
Trachyneis.

3. TT. Clepsydra Donx. (1861). —- Frustule rectangular, constricted in the middle. V. convex,
linear lanceolate, with obtuse or subtruncate ends. L. 0,11 to 0,13; B. 0,02 mm. Median line

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 26. w:o 2. 193

central; its terminal fissures laterally expanded. Axial area indistinct; central area rounded-
quadrate. Alveoli disposed in oblique and transverse rows, the latter curved and slightly radiate,
10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. cleps. Donk. M. J In. s. p.8 PLIf 3. B.D. p. 63 PL Xf. 2. AS.
Atl. XLVIII f. 7—8 (no name).

Marine, aestuaries: Coasts of Scotland and England! Cape Horn (P. Petit).

Var. scotica A. S. (1876). — Smaller, more linear. L. 0,085 to 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. — Nav.
scotica A. 8. Atl. XLVIIT f. 9—11. Cu. M. D. N:o 303.

Marine: Scotland!

4. T. Debyi Lzvp. Form. (1892). — V. linear-lanceolate, convex, gradually tapering towards
the obtuse ends. L. 0,15 to 0,30; B. 0,025 to 0o4 mm. Axial area narrow linear, symmetrical;
central area orbicular. Alveoli disposed in oblique and transverse rows, the latter parallel, 8—9
in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal fine strie about 20 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. clepsydra A. S. Atl. XLVIII f. 39.

Marine and brackish: Red Sea! Sumatra (Grove Coll.)! Java (Kinker Coll.)! Singapore! China
(Penang Harbour Dr. Rae Coll.)! Australia (St. Vincent, Atl.)!

Var. osculifera Cu. — Axial area unilateral; central area with a linear marking on both
sides of the central nodule. — Alloioneis Debyi Luup. Forrm. D. de la Malaisie p. 18 Pl. II f. 5.

There can be no doubt that 7. Clepsydra and T. Debyi are distinct species. The fig. 38 in
A. S. Atl. (Nav. cleps. var.?) appears to be a variety of T. aspera, or perhaps a new species.

5. TT. Johnsoniana Grev. (1863). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse or subrostrate ends.
L. 0,09 to 0,11; B. 0,033 to 0,037 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area, large, widened and
rounded outwards. Alveoli disposed in longitudinal and transverse rows; the former about 6 in
0,o1 mm.; the latter radiate throughout, 8—10 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal fine striz 25 in 0,01
mm. — Nav. Johns. Gruv. T. M.S. XI p. 17 Pl. If. 8. Nav. Sieboldii Pant. III Pl. XX f. 293
(1893)? Trach. Johns. Icon. n. Pl. IIT f. 38.

Marine: Java (Deby Coll.)! Queensland (Grev.), Port Jackson! New Zealand (Grev.), Japan,
Sendai Dept (Brun Coll.)!

The valve is sometimes slightly asymmetrical, the median line being excentric. The central
area, rounded in typical specimens, is in some varieties dilated and truncate outwards, so that
T. Johnsoniana is closely connected with 7’. aspera.

6. T. Brunii Cx. (1891). — V. broadly elliptical. L. 0,068; B. 0,034 mm. Axial area indi-
stinct; central area large, transverse, rounded outwards. Alveoli disposed in two to three Jongi-
tudinal rows along the median line, in oblique rows towards the margin. Transverse rows of
alveoli slightly radiate throughout, 9 (middle) to 12 (ends) in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal fine striz
about 26 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Brunit Cu. in Brun D. espéces n. p. 33 Pl. XVI f. 4.

Marine: Japan (Brun Coll.)! China!

This species has some resemblance to Nav. Ovum Paschale (A. 8S. Atl. Pl. VIII f. 56) also
from Japan, but this form, unknown to me, has not the large central area of 7. Bruni. It seems,
nevertheless, probable that Nav. Ovum Paschale is a form of Trachyneis.

7. T. Antillarum Cu. (1878). — V. linear-lanceolate to linear-elliptical, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,12 to 0,17; B. 0,026 to 0,032 mm. Median line somewhat excentric. Axial area more or less
broad, irregularly linear and unilateral. Central area rounded, unilateral, on the opposite side of
the axial area. Alveoli disposed in longitudinal flexuose or irregularly oblique rows. Trans-
verse rows slightly radiate throughout 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Allotoneis (Naviculu?) Antillarum
Cu. West. Ind. D. p. 8 Pl. IT f. 11.

Marine and brackish: Campeachy Bay! West Indies! Florida! Red Sea! Bab el Mandeb:
Madagascar! Singapore! Java! Sumatra! China!

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26. N:o 2. 25

194 bP. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Kurzii Grun. (1878). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with rounded ends. L. 0,09 to 0,105;
B. 0,036 mm. Median line strongly excentric. Axial area semilanceolate, unilateral. Alveoli dis-
posed in oblique rows, crossing each other in an angle of about 80°, and about 7 in 0,01 mm.
Transverse coste marginal, 10—11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. (Alloioneis?) Kurzti Grun. in Cl. West
Ind. D. p. 8 Pl. II f. 12.

Brackish water: Elephant Point, India (Grun.), Singapore! Sumatra (Grove Coll.)!

8. T. velata A. S. (1876). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering to the obtuse ends. L. 0,07
to 0,13; B. 0,02 to 0,o22 mm. Axial area very narrow or unilateral; central area small, rounded.
Alveoli rectangular, disposed in irregular, oblique rows and in transverse rows; the latter almost
parallel or slightly radiate at the ends, 15—16 in 0,01 mm. Fine longitudinal striz 25 in 0,01
mm. — Nav. velata A. 8. Atl. Pl. XLVIII f. 833—384; f. 35-87 (no name). Nav. australis Prrir
Cape Horn p. 125 (1888).

Marine: Cape Good Hope (Atl.), Madagascar! Mauritius! Ceylon! King Georges Sound (Grove
Coll.)! Sumatra! Java! China! Japan! Sandwich Islands! New Caledonia! Cape Horn (Petit).

Additional.

Under the name Navicula Paludinarum Panrocsex has recently figured an apparently very
curious form, which ought perhaps to be included in a proper genus. The valve is lanceolate,
obtuse. L. 0,115; B. 0,038 mm. Axial area moderately broad, slightly dilated in the middle.
Strie costate, 8 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout and alternating with single rows of large ocelli(?)
— Pant. III Pl. IX f. 144. Var. gracilior 1. c. Pl. XI f. 186. Fresh water? »Bodos» (Pant.).

Having had no opportunity of examining this remarkable form I am unable to decide as to

its place in the system.

Mastoneis Cr. N. Gen.

Valve with double structure. The exterior stratum with transverse striz, composed of
puncta; the interior with transverse coste, directed from the margin, where they are thicker,
towards the median line.

The only known species has been placed by GREVILLE and Grunow in the genus Stauroneis,
but it has no close relation to any species of that genus, and the peculiar structure of the valve
makes it advisable to form for it a new genus. I am unable to point out any close relation be-
tween this form and any other, although its general appearance has some resemblance to some

Mastogloie.

1. M. biformis Grun. (1863). — V. elliptical with rostrate extremities. L. 0,08 to 0,09;
B. 0,032 to 0,035 mm. Median lines with approximate median pores and small terminal fissures,
turned in the same direction. Central nodule transversely dilated into a very short stauros. No
axial area. Strie slightly radiate, 15 (middle) to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta about 20
in 0,01 mm. Coste 8—9 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroneis biformis Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 154 Pl. IV f. 7.
Stauroneis australis Grev. Ed. N. Ph. J. V. XVIII p. 187 f. 13 1863.

Marine: Queensland (Grev.), Red Sea (Kinker Coll.)! Port Jackson! Labuan!

Plate I.

PLATE I.

1. Amphiprora paludosa var. subsalina CL. — Artern, /, .
2. <A. alata var. japonica CL. — Japan, 5¥/,

3. A. margine punctata CL. — Japan, 5°°/,

4. A. Brébissoniana GREV. — Sendai, °°/,

5. A. lata GREV. — Balearic Islands, 500)" on

6. A. gigantea GRUN. — Macassar Straits, °°/, .

7, 8. Auricula minuta CL. — Bohuslan, 10/,

9. Scoliopleura elegans CL. — Java. 500/,

10. Cymatoneis circumvallata CL. — Labuan, 1000),

11. > > » > Japan, 1000/,

12. C. sulcata GREV. — ee 5007

13. » » var. — Japan, 1000/

14. Scoliopleura peels Gruy. — - Utah, 1000/, :

15. Diploneis bioculata var. vittata CL. — Ceylon, 850/, ‘

16. Scoliotropis Gilliesii CL. (schematic) — Jamaica, °°°/;

17. Diploneis inscripta CL. — China, °°°/,

18. D. Letourneurii Ch. — Ceylon, *"/, belts Yad Oy 6: fe

19. D. fusca, var. Van Heurckii CL. — South Sea, 19°),

20. D. Schmidtii Cu. -- Galapagos Islands, °°°/, .

21. > » — Seychelles, */, . . : :
22. D. bomboides var. madagascarensis CL. — Madagascar, 500),
23. D. fusca var. japonica CL. — Sendai, ma ;

24. Navicula Ny Ch. —- Java, 109/,

25. Diploneis chinensis CL. — China, 500/, bom 4

26. D. bombiformis CL. — Macassar Straits, 1°/,

27. D. subovalis CL. — New Zealand, 1000/,

28. D. areolata CL. — S:ta Monica, */, .

29. D. Clepsydra CL. — Madagascar, 9%, .

30. Navicula lanta GRUN. — South Yarra, 500/,

31. Cistula Lorenziana GRUN. — Campeachy Bay, 1000/,

32, 33. Navicula mediterranea BRUN a. CL. — ‘Naples, 500/,

PLT.

22

él. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd.26. N

Kon

te ee a
FIPPTMTIFSUNTALSGTESTIRATTTNT NN AACS

- Ads

E

Ljustr. Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst. Sthim.

Del. PT. Cleve

Plate II.

1. Diploneis Microtatos var. Christiani T. C. — Maryland, 1%, .
2. D. domblittensis GRuN. — Lefra sj6, Sweden, 1°°/, 2
8. D. fusca var. oamaruensis CL. -— Oamaru, °°

4. D. Debyi var. elliptica CL. — Red Sea, 59°/,

5. D. Vespa Ch. — Java 100/, Z

6. D. Platessa CL. and GROVE — Macassar Straits, mh F

7. D. Szontaghii Pant. — Sumbava, 5/, he

8. D. Crabro var. Didelta CL. — Sumbava, *500/,

9. D. Crabro var. Pandurella CL. — China, °/,

10. D. Crabro var. hungarica CL. — Szdkal, °°/, . .

11. D. Crabro var. subelliptica CL. — Galapagos Islands, 500/,
12. D. Crabro var. O’Meari GRUN. — Macassar Straits, 300/, :
13. D. vagabunda BRuN. — S:n Pedro Calif., 59/, . :

14, D. biseriata var. lata CL. — Galapagos Islands, 500)

15. D. vagabunda Brun. — S:ta Monica, Calif., 500), : :
16. D. biseriata var. galapagensis CL. — Galapagos Islands 500)
17, 18. D. lesinensis GRUN. — Adriatic :

19. Tropidoneis solidula CL. — Rembang Bay, 5¥/,

20, 21. » > (parts of the valve) 109°/,

22. Auricula javanica CL. — Sumbava, °/,. .

23. A. pulchra GREV. — Macassar Straits, *°°/,

PLATE II.

PII.

2

2

Kongl: Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd.26. N

=
ep ;
ify
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s clade pata AoC box IORI

Ljustr. Gen.Stab. Lit. Anst.Sthlm.

Plate ITI.

PLATE III.

1. Tropidoneis Kinkeriana CL. — Sumbava, °°9/,

2. > > > (structure) 1000

3. T. lata CL. — Rembang Bay, °/,).... .

A, > » (Part of the valve) 1000), i

5, 6. T. chinensis CL. -— China, */, .

7. > > > (part ‘of the valve) 1000)

8. T. longa Ch. — Finmark, °°/, . —

9, 10, 11. T. semistriata GRUN. — South Airea, 300), ;

12. Navienla Perrotettii GRUN. — Brazil, °/,. .

13. > Stodderi v. insignis GRUN. — Bengal, ‘300/

14. > quarnerensis GRUN. — Sumatra, */, .

15. > (Stauroneis) Demeraree CL. — Demerara, *500/

16. > hamulifera GRUN. — Balearic Islands */, .

17. > > » Barbados, 5°/, .

18. > » > (part of the valve) 1000) : :
19. > > > var. wees ae — - Japan, 300/,
20. Tropidoneis approximata CL. — Rembang aad 4
21. > > > (part of tlic iy 1000,

22,23. 3 adriatica CL. — Adriatic, 2°/, : .

24. » maxima var. decussata CL. — " Seychelles, 500/, ‘ ‘
25. > > > > > direction of the strize

» 26. Caloneis Frater CL. — Galapagos Islands, °°/, .

27. N. (Stauroneis) Phyllodes EHB. — Demerara, °/,
28. N. plicatula GRUN. — Naples, *°/, ep ms

29. N. Acus CL. — Balearic Islands, °%, .

30. > > > (parts of the valve) 1000/,

31. N. suavis CL. and GROVE. — Oamaru, °9/, . .

32. » » > > (parts of the valve), age

33. Caloneis adenensis CL. — Bab-el-mandeb, °°, .

34, e columbiensis CL. — Columbia River, at

35. N. Rho Ch. — Canton River, *%/,. .

36. N. portomontana CL. — Puerto Monte, 1000) ,

37. Trachyneis aspera var. perobliqua CL. — Macassar Straits, a
38. T. Johnsoniana GREV. — Sendai, 5/, . . . ede se
39, 40. Caloneis Wardii CL. — Connecticut, 500)

41. > > > (part of he valve) 1000/

» 42, C. bottnica CL. — Pited, 19/,

60.
51.

Pant II.

112,

192.

193.

57.
»

61.

PLIM.

Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd26.N22

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IE Anim an lim,

(yy

str. Gen.Stab. Lit. Anst.SthIm.

Ljus

Plate IV.

C.

C.

C.
C.

PLATE IV.

Caloneis Liber var. Bleischiana JAN. and RABH. — Nice, a

eximia GRUN. —- Cebu, */,

clavigera CL. — Colon, 500

Dasenii CL. — Cameroon, O00 2

latiuscula var. africana Ct. — Oaweroon, 500), ;
C. abnormis GRUN. — Lysekil, 1°°9/,

Navicula H. album CL, — China, 5°°/,

aaa

Ses

Qa tryy

/y

> > » (part of the valve) ah
Ypsilon Ch. — Bory, 5, . ;
clavata var. rhombica CL. — Moroceo, 300)

. venustissima KITTON — Hongkong, 5°°/,
. irrorata var. elliptica CL. — Hungary, 300)

. Hennedyii var. Centraster CL. — Mexillones, 500), ;

leurosigma majus GRUN. — Sumatra, ?%/, .
. galapagense CL. — Galapagos Islands, 300)

Exsul CL. — Naples, */, .

. formosum var. Arcus CL. — Macassar Straits, 500), 4
. minutum GRUN. — Malmé, °°°/,

Heros CL. — Macassar Straits, 225)
formosum var. dalmatica GRUN. — Balearic Islands, 225/,
. umbilicatum CL. — Labuan, *°/ a
mbella hybrida GRUN. — Faron, 1000

Hauckii VAN HEURCK — Triest, 10007
oregonica CL. — Oregon 120/,

: aenrieeula CL. — Waltham Mase meh
. lata GRUN. — Pitea, 100/, .
. lapponica GRUN. — Gellivaara, 1000 /,

61.

PLIV.

ce avi KAMA

Iw

ER

a

pa

2

S

Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd.26. N

Ljustr. Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst.Sthim

Plate V.

PLATE V.

Page.
Fig. 1. Cymbella inelegans CL. — Pitt River, 1°/, . . ad hd Gre tins + che Sy ahs TUBB:
» 2. C. Stuxbergii CL. — Jenissey, 1°/, . Oh Sr ated the ps 6 : ae 4a ae, PTB
» 8,4. C. Jordani GRuN. — Otago, New Zealand, 1000/, eg ise Geek ; Lee 169.
» 5. Navicula Lunula Ch. — Java, 100%), . by al eee etidiem Gry Gn Seen Part ll.
» 6, 7. Gomphonema Berggrenii CL. — New Zealand, 1000/, : f Bao ; vod ciel & UES5:
» §. G. validum CL. var. elongata CL. — Demerara, 300/, oy Ok ced ae cy » 185.
» 9. G. validum CL. — Demerara, °%/,. . . eo gords a ie : 2. 185.
» 10. G. oxycephalum CL. — Demerara, °°, . ae . ne eB,
» 11, 12. G. Salinarum Pant. — Riigen, 1/, . : : 9) P84,
» 18. G. ventricosum var. maxima CL. — Pitt River, 1000/, : ere
» 14. Navicula Bacillum EHB. var. lepida GRUN. — Lojo Finland, 1000), woe. ae AB
» 15. N. auklandica GRUN. — Port Jackson, 19/,. . . oS 4 , .. . 156.
» 16. N. inelegens GROVE & STURT var. Oamaru, 5000 : , avvateae aby
» 17. N. gibbula CL. — Spitsbergen, 19°/, . : . eee 140.
» 18. N. Lundstrémii var. Frieseana GRUN. — Finmark, *1000/, . 140.
» 19. N. Lambda CL. — Demerara, 1°/, : ; eee sa @ « “136;
» 20. N. monmouthiana GRUN. — Monmonth, 1000/, caer Sou ie Aa
» 21. N. Kappa CL. — Oamaru, 10%/, . ; oy es wee 184.
» 22. N. lota CL. — Madagascar, 300) ; ie dod shoe TBA:
» 23. > > » (structure) 1000), : oe ee eS ae Ss
» 24. N. definita GROVE & STURT var. intermedia Che = Oamaru, hd ee : ‘ 2g @ 4: BBBS
» 25. » » > > » (structure) ION ma i a a
» 26. N. obliqua GREG. — Windermere, /, 2. 2... 2 2. ‘ bc i oe Ge BO,
» 27. N. fallax Ch. -- Oamaru, *%/, . hes 213 Py : erie 135.
» 28. Stenoneis inconspicua GREG. — Balearic Islands, 1000, hao GRSMA s ae . . 124.
» 29. Frustulia vulgaris var. asymmetrica CL. — Newark, 00s : oe ee : oe Ww a a. 122:
» 830. Navicula Beta CL. — Japan, 199/, . boo : ‘ Deke Hind . 135.
» 81. Dietyoneis snbconstricta CL. — Madagascar, 500), De Fiip ei oP ee: , ko te, asa ; 31.
» 82. D. jamaicensis GREV. — Alexandria . . = ote 3 : ‘ ~ 80.
» 33. D. Thumii Cu. — China, *9/). . . toa tothe st Hurdh. SREDRY Seas BI
» 84. D. naviculacea CL. — Pensacola, ene : ee ee ; ; ye Bee BO,
» 35. D. jamaicensis var. gigantea CL. —- Oamaru, 500/, so pe eh ee et : ; : . 80.

» 36. > > > > (structure) 10/,. 2. 2, fet F be Bsc 18 »

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KONGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Bandet 27. N:o 3.

SYNOPSIS

OF

Corrigenda.

Page 19, line 4 and 5, instead of A. incerta read A. insecta
Page 23, line 7, instead of Tropidoneis concerta read Tropido-

neis conserta

STOCKHOLM 1895.

KUNGL. BOKTRYCKERIET. P. A. NORSTEDT & SONER.

i

*

KONGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR, Bandet 27. N:o 3.

SYNOPSIS

OF

THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS

BY

P. T. CLEVE.

PART II.

WITH 4 PLATES.

RESENTED To THE R. SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MAY 10, 1893.

STOCKHOLM 1895.

KUNGL. BOKTRYCKERIET. P. A. NORSTEDT & SONER.

%

Navicule Minuscule Ctr.

Valve small, broadly lanceolate to elliptical, slightly silicious. Areas indistinct. Structure
slightly radiate, very fine or indistinct strie. Connecting zone not complex.
The species of this group are usually of extremely small size, and live in fresh or salt water.

Artificial key.

=| Marine species .. . eo eae ieene> wep
Fresh-water species .. . . Pe ee eee ce a : . 3.
9. es elliptical . . vi RE N. debilissima Gron.
lanceolate . . i . F . WN. bahusiensis Gruy.
3, oe coarse (17 in 0,01 mm.) Brite §eee . .N. lucidula Gron.
— fine (30 and more in 0,01 mm.) . a a ; 4,
4. asses elliptical . . : mie Gi hes — be oth te eo eb 5.
lanceolate . . pecaes ala tatitn at Sie gatas a oes 78s
5. roe indistinct . . . A 8 tuchr bed Ronn? ng N. pelliculosa Bris.
about 30 in 0,01 mm. tea), sds aaah te dae hs as ‘ Bh <i db uaen a a 16,
Strie radiate .. .. Pe PS ee oR ... . N. atomus NancEtt.
6.
Pe parallel . . aes ae ite Ot ‘ we. Ea abe GR 7.
7. gels broadly elliptical ; ele, & dihn : .. . . NM. muralis Gro.
narrow ww ees iit, teh. : N. exilissima GRUN.
8 { Valve broadly lanceolate. . .. . iste & N. minuscula Garon.
‘ -— narrow _ eS : a ; . N. microcephala Gron.

1. N. pelliculosa (Brés.) Hitsz (1862). — V. very slightly silicious, elliptical, with broad
and rounded ends. I. 0,009; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Strize extremely fine. — Frustulia pellic.
Brig. (according to Grunow). I’rustulia sp. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 573 Pl. VI f. 18. Nav. pell.
Hitsr Rasy. A. E. N:o 1265. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 32.

Fresh water: Germany (A. E.), France (Bréb.).

2. N. debilissima Grun. (1884), — V. elliptic-lanceolate L. 0,007; B. 0,005 mm. Strieze
not seen. — Franz Jos. Land D. p. 104 (52) Pl. I f. 42.
Marine: Franz Josefs Land.

3. N. muralis Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,006 to 0,012; B. 0,004
mm. Areas indistinct. Striz very slightly radiate, about 30 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV
f. 26 to 28. N. Atomus Scuum. P. D. I Nachtr. p. 21 f. 24?

Fresh water.

4. N, exilissima Grun. (1880). — V. linear-elliptical.. L. 0,005 to 0,01; B. 0,003 mm.
Areas indistinct. Strie about 40 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel; the median more distant. — V. H.
Syn. p. 108 Pl. XIV f. 30.

Fresh water: Beigium (V. H.).

4 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

5. N. microcephala Grun. (1880). -- V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,014; B. 0,003 mm, Areas
indistinct. Strie nearly parallel, about 30 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 29. Achnan-
thidium microc. W. Sm. B. D. II p. 31 Suppl. Pl. LXI f. 380 (1856)?

Fresh water.

6. N. Atomus Nazeztr (1849). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends, slightly silicious.
L. 0,004 to 0,008; B. 0,0025 to 0,004 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie about 30 in 0,01 mm. strongly
radiate throughout. — Synedra At. Nanuet in Kitz Sp. Alg. p. 40 (according to Grunow). WN. At.
Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 552 Pl. IV f. 6. V. H. Syn. p. 107 Pl. XIV f. 24, 25.

Fresh water (Moist earth etc.): Belgium (V. H.).

7. N. (Diadesmis) lucidula Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends.
L. 0,015 to 0,019; B. 0,0085 to 0,01 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate
throughout, distinctly punctate, puncta forming longitudinal rows, about 17 in 0,01 mm. — V. H.
Syn. Pl. XIV f. 40.

Fresh water.

8. N. minuscula Grun. (1880). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,012; B. 0,005
mm. Areas indistinct. Striee about 30 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 3.
Fresh water.

9. N. bahusiensis Grun. (1880). — V. broadly lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,013
to 0,02; B. 0oo6 mm. Areas indistinct. Striz 25 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. — N. minuse. v.
bah. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 2.

Marine: West coast of Sweden!

Var. istriana Grun. (1880). — V. more lanceolate. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn.
Pl ALY. £4.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Var. arctica Grun. (1884). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,02 to 0,021; B. 0,0095 mm. Striz
21 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. — Fr. Jos. Land, D. p. 104 (52) Pl. I f. 43.

Marine: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

Navicule Decussatze Groy. (1860 p- p-)-

Valve elongated, elliptical, or lanceolate, ena not sigmoid. oe puncta ar-
ranged in obliquely decussating rows.

This small group comprises three isolated forms, which seem not to be allied to each other.
N. Placentula is a fresh-water species, perhaps akin to the Punctate, although it has no nearly allied
species in that group. NV. decussata is too imperfectly described to decide what are its affinities.
The termination of the median line at a distance from the ends suggests an affinity to the section
Microstigmatice (division Libellus). N. Quincunz is an entirely isolated form, the structure of
which recalls that of some Moston but from the straight median line it may be inferred that
it really is a Navicula.

1. N. Placenta Eup. (1854). — V. elliptical, with rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,037 to 0,039;
B. 0,015 to 0,017 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, orbicular. Transverse striz 22
(middle) to 27 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. Oblique strie curved, crossing each other at
an angle of about 80°. — M. G. XXXIII, 12 f. 23. Lewis Proc. acad. nat. sci. Philad. p. 7
Pl. Il f. 7 (1865). Grow. A. D. p. 47 Pl. III f. 60. XW. apiculata Gree. M. J. IV p. 4 Pl If. 13
(1856). N. Rostellum W. Sm. B. D. IT p. 93 (1856). Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 550 Pl. IV f. 10.
Donk. B. D. p. 40 Pl. VI f. 7.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%. w:o 3, 5

Fresh water: Finmark! Scotland! Lule Lappmark! Finland, Kuopio! Hungary, Neusiedler-
see (Grun.), New Zealand!
This species seems not to be allied to any other.

2. N. decussata (Kiirvz 1859?) Pxrrr (1877). — V. narrow elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,039;
B. 0,0077 mm. Median line ending at a considerable distance from the margin of the valve.
Axial and central areas indistinct. Puncta disposed in obliquely decussating rows. -- Kitz Sp.
alg. p. 70? Pxrrir Ile Campb. D. p. 23 Pl. IV f. 11.

Marine: New Zealand (Pet.).

I am not acquainted with this species, which in the outline, and the distance between the
ends of the median line and the margin, has some resemblance to Navicula Grevillei.

3. N. Quincunx Cx. (1892). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,085; B. 0,024 mm. Axial area in-
distinct; central area very small, orbicular. Transverse strie 17 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel.
Puncta 12 in 0,01 mm., forming oblique rows (14 in 0,01 mm.) crossing each other at an angle of
about 80°. — Diatomiste I p. 76 Pl. XII f. 6.

Marine: China (Van Heurck OColl., Deby Coll.)!

Anomoeoneis Pritrer (1871).

Valve usually lanceolate, not constricted. Central nodule small. Median line central.
Structure: small puncta, arranged in transverse, frequently marginal, strie, and longitudinal, un-
dulating or oblique rows. Axial area narrow. Central area unilaterally dilated, or uniting with
lateral areas in a lyriform space. Cell-contents (in A. spherophora) with a single chromatophore-
plate, along the inside of one of the walls of the zone and of the valves. The plate has a narrow
and deep fissure along the zonal-wall and opposite to the side with the asymmetrical central area,
broader sinuses along the ends of the median line and, a sinus below the central area (Pfitzer,
Bau u. Entw. p. 78). — In conjugation A. serians is similar to Frustulia (Carts).

This genus was founded by Prrrzur especially for Nav. spherophora and probably for Nav.
sculpta, principally on the cell-contents. As to Nav. serians Prirzer hesitates to place it either
in this genus or in Neidiwm. There is no resemblance between Nav. serians and the forms of
Neidium, but its structure agrees more with that of A. spherophora, so it may be placed in the
neighbourhood of the latter, although it has not the unilaterally dilated central area of the latter.
Some of the Navicule, recently described by PantoxsEK, seem to be related to A. spherophora
and I have included them in Anomoeoneis.

As this genus is founded principally on the characteristics of the cell-contents, and those
of most of the species have not yet been examined, the genus is not well established and re-
quires further examination of living specimens.

Artificial key.

Valve with rostrate or capitate ends . . 2
: { — — non- non- ne ‘ ‘ 5.
Larger forms. L. 0,04 to 0,08 mm... . : Pan “cao 3.
: Y actiee — L. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. . tau Hawks Soot 4.
Central area rounded, asymmetrical : ‘ . , . A. spherophora Kirz.
: _— — a transverse fascia Ae : ... . A. menilitica Pant.
_ — dilated to lunate lateral areas . : A. sculpta Exp.
Valve trachiform . ‘ : A. Follis Eup.
i { — lanceolate. ; ; A. exilis Grun.
Valve linear, slightly biconstricted : 6.
; { — lanceolate, not biconstricted = ©. ...... sir eath.tie 7.

6 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

6 Central pores approximate . .. om . A. bipunctata Grun.
: distant — ... A. sellensis Grun. ,
7 | cent Central area a transverse fascia © 6 sess ee A. Macraeana Pant.
: — not dilated .. Bak poe teste. AO
on acute... : , oa . .. A, serians Bris.
8.
— obtuse. . ; ye ee eee
9 tonan forms. L. 0,1 mm. . ; 2 A. polygramma Exp.
“ \Smaller — iL. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. . eo US Se 28 A. brachysira Grun

1. A. spherophora Kirz (1844). — V. elliptic-lanceolate with rostrate-capitate ends.
L. 0,055 to 0,08; B. 0,017 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area irregularly
rounded, larger on one side of the valve than on the other. Strie slightly radiate throughout,
16 in 0,01 mm. — Navic. spherophora Kitz Bac. p. 95 Pl. IV f.17. W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII
f. 148. V. H. Syn. p. 101 Pl. XIT f. 2. A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 49-51.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Sweden! England! Switzerland! East Indies! New Zealand!
Illinois! Guatemala! West Indies (St. Martin! Jamaica!) Ecuador!

Var. biceps Eup. (1843). — Smaller. L. 0,04; B. 0,013. Strie finer. — Nav. biceps Eup.
Am. p. p. Scuum. I Nachtr. p. 21 f. 26. A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 52. N. spheroph. v. minor V. H.
Syn. Pl. XII f. 3. WN. spheroph. subcap. Grun. Foss. D. Ost. Ung. p. 157.

Slightly brackish water: Franzenbad (Atl.), Eger foss!

2. A. seulpta Ens. (1840). — V. lanceolate, with protracted, rostrate, and obtuse ends L. 0,07
to 0,1; B. 0,025 to 0,oa6 mm. Axial area narrow, linear, bordered by a single row of puncta, 16
in 0,01 mm. Central area uniting with large, lunate lateral areas, of which one expands in the
middle to the margin. Strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, distinctly punctate; puncta
crowded near the margin, distant towards the lateral areas, where they are arranged in oblique,
somewhat undulating rows. — Nav. sculpta Eup. Ber. 1840 p. 18. M. G. X:1, f. 5. Fresenius
Senckenb. Abh. IV Pl. IV f. 14 to 16. A. S. Atl. XLIX f. 46 to 48. V. H. Syn. p. 100 Pl. XII
f. 1. Pant. II, XI f. 191. ™. rostrata Kitz. Bac. p. 94 Pl. III f. 45 (1844). Donn. B. D. p. 15
Pl. II f. 9. Grow. Verh. 1860 p. 540. WN. tumens W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XVII f. 150 (1858).

Brackish water: Baltic! Franzenbad! Mansfelder Seen! Neusiedler See (Grun.), Belgium
(V. H.), S:ta Fiora (Ehb.), England! Hungary fossil (Pant.), New Zealand! Ecuador!

Var. major Cu. — L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0,04 to 0,05 mm. Lateral areas almost similar.
Strie 13 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: S:ta Rosa, Calif. (Grove Coll.)! Guatemala, fossil!

A. sculpta is nearly akin to A. spherophura, from which it is distinguished by larger size
and the large, lunate lateral areas, which are in typical specimens somewhat dissimilar, one of
them extending in the middle to the margin. A. sculpta is also related to 4. polygramma, together
with which form it usually occurs, and which differs by its not protracted ends. Both are
to be considered as forms of the same species.

3. A. polygramma Eup. (1843). — V. narrow-elliptical, with obtuse, not protracted ends.
L. 0,08 to 0,13; B. 0,023 to 0,03 mm. Axial area narrow, linear, bordered with a single row of
puncta. Central area transverse, uniting with narrow, somewhat asymmetrical lateral areas. Striee
about 14 in 0,01 mm. very slightly radiate throughout and composed of distant puncta, arranged
in longitudinal, undulating rows. — Stauroneis polygramma Ens. Am. II: 6, f. 380. Nav. costata
Kitz. Bac. p. 93 Pl. UI f. 56 (1844). N. bohemica Kus. Mic. G. X:1 f. 4 a (1854). Fresenius
Senckenb. Abh. IV Pl. IV f. 10 to 13. A. S. Atl. XLIX f 43 to 45. WN. fossilis Eup. Mic. G.
X: 1, f. 6 (1854). N. pannonica Grux. Verh. 1860 p. 541 Pl. IV f. 40. N. trigramma Fresenius
Senckenb. Abh. IV Pl. IV f. 1 to 9 (1862).

Brackish water: Sweden! Franzenbad! Eger! Neusiedler See (Crun.), Catania fossil (Grun.),
Cuba (Ehb.), Utah!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%. w:o 3. 7

4. A. Macraeana Pant. (1889). —- V. rhomboid-lanceolate, gradually tapering to the not pro-
tracted ends. L. 0,119 to 0,17; B. 0,027 to 0,033 mm. Axial area narrow linear. Central area a
transverse fascia, reaching on one side to the margin, on the other nearly to the margin. Strive
18 in 0,01 mm., transverse in the middle and convergent at the ends, composed of elongated
puncta forming undulating, longitudinal rows, about 14 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Macraeana Pant. II
Pl. VIII f. 155.

Brackish water: Hungary, Gyéngyés Pata!

5. A. menilitica Panr. (1889). — V. lanceolate with rostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,038;
B. 0,016 mm. Axial area linear. Central area a transverse fascia. Strize 20 in 0,01 mm. com-
posed of distant puncta. — N. menil. Pant. II p. 51 Pl. II f. 30.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

I have not seen this form, which seems to be nearly akin to A. spherophora var. biceps.
Nav. irrorata var. fossilis Pant. (Pl. VIII f. 147) seems to be also related to the above species.

6. A.? serians Brus. (1844). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate with acute ends. L. 0,06 to 0,08;
B. 0,012 mm. Axial area linear-lanceolate. Striz 24 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout,
composed of elongated puncta, forming longitudinal rows. — Navicula serians Bris. in Kt1z Bac.
p- 92 Pl. XXX f. 23. W. Sm. B. D. XVI f. 130. Donk. B. D. p. 41 Pl. VI f. 10. Grun. Verh.
1860 Pl. V f. 18. V. H. Syn. p. 101 Pl. XII f. 7. MW. lineolata Ens. 1843 fide Kotz. N. punctu-
lata Ens. M. G. XVI: 1, f. 1 1854.

Fresh water, northern or alpine regions: Greenland! Lapland! Scotland! England, Cornwall!
Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Sierra Nevada! New Hampshire (foss.)! Blue Mountains, Australia!
New Zealand (foss.)!

This well-known species occurs rarely living except in nothern or alpine regions. It is of
frequent occurence in diatomaceous earths from Scandinavia and North America.

7. A.? brachysira (Brés. 1853) Grun. — V. rhomboid, more or less obtuse. L. 0,022 to
0.028; B. 0,006 to 0,009 mm. Axial area narrow; central small. Striz 26 to 27 in 0,01 mm. —
Navicula brachysira Brus. in Rabh. Siissw. D. p. 39 Pl. V f. 11 c, d, e. Grun. V. H. Types N:o ~
39. OC. serians v. minor and minima Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 8, 9. Cymbella Beverleiana
A. 8. Atl. LXXI f. 56 to 61 (1881).

Fresh water: Greenland! Lapland! Finland! Scotland!

A. brachysira in V. H. Syn. Suppl. B f. 31 seems, so far I can see, to be the same as A. serians,
A. brachysira differs from A. serians only in its smaller size, its somewhat finer strie and espe-
cially its obtuse ends. There is a tendency to asymmetry in the valves, which induced A. S. to
regard such forms as belonging to Cymbella.

8. A.? zellensis Grun. (1860). — V. linear, slightly biconstricted, with rostrate, broad and
obtuse ends, L. 0,032; B. 0,005 mm. Striz 30 in 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct; central small.
— Nav. zellensis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 521 Pl. III f. 34. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f, 14. WN. tabida Ry-
LANDS (according to Grunow).

Fresh water: Germany, Erlaf See (Grun.), Scotland! Greenland! Michigan!

This form is nearly connected with A. brachysira and A. serians.

9. A.? Follis Exs. (1838). -—— V. rhomboid, with strongly dilated middle, and obtuse, usually
capitate ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,017 mm. Central area small, lanceolate. Striz 24 in 0,01 mm., radiate
in the middle, transverse in the ends. — Navic. Follis Kus. Inf. p. 179 M. G. XVI: 1, f. 14 ete.
Donk. B. D. p. 44 Pl, VI f. 15. WN. Trochus Kiva Bac. p. 99 Pl. HI f 59.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland, Smaland)! Finland! Scotland! Norfolk, England (Donk.)
New Hampshire! Sierra Nevada!

8 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF ‘THE NAVICULOID DIA‘TOMS.

A. Follis is intimately connected with A. serians and A. exilis and might, as the latter, be
considered as a variety of A. serians. Perhaps Nav. pyrenaica W. Sm. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIX,
1857, p. 8 Pl. II f. 5) is an intermediate form between A. Follis and A. serians, which cannot be
decided by the figure in Smrru’s paper.

10. A.? exilis (Kitz 1844), Grun. (1860). — V. narrow-lanceolate with protracted, capitate
ends. L. 0,021 to 0,028; B. 0,005 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie about 30 in
0,o1 mm. — Nav. exilis Kitz Bac. p. 95 Pl. IV f. 6 p. p. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 553 Pl. IV f. 30.
V. H. Syn. p. 101 Pl. XII f. 11, 12. Colletonema exile Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 571 Pl. VII f. 15?
Achnant. microcephalum W. Su. B. D. LXI f. 380?

Fresh, frequently slightly brackish water: Greenland! Norway, Dovre! Sweden, Lapland!
Russian Lapland! Gulf of Bothnia! Nordhausen (Kirz).

Var. thermalis Gruy. (1880). — Lanceolate with less protracted, obtuse ends. L. 0,024;
B. 0,006 mm. Striz 27 in 0,01 mm. — N. serians var. thermalis Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 10.

Habitat?

Var. gomphonemacea Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate with rostrate ends, slightly asymmetrical
to the transverse axis. L. 0,022; B. 0,oo6 mm. Strize 30 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, closer
towards the ends. — Gomphonema? vitreum Grun. Casp. See Alg. p. 13. N. gomphonemacea Grun.
V. H. Syn. Pl. XII f. 18.

Fresh water: Erlaf See near Mariazell (Grun.).

By the var. thermalis A. exilis is closely connected with A. brachysira and A. serians.

11. A.? bipunctata Grow. (1881). — V. linear, slightly biconstricted, with cuneate, broadly
truncate ends. L. 0,035; B. 0,006 mm. Median line with approximate central pores. Axial area
narrow. Central area a broad, transverse fascia. Striz about 30 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel,
very slightly radiate in the ends, punctate. — Nav. bip. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIII f. 7.

Habitat?

This species is unknown to me, and the diagnosis has been constructed from the figure
in V. H. Syn.

Naviculee Heterostichee Cr.

Small, more or less elliptical, forms. Axial area narrow. Central area usually distinct.
Structure: fine strie, in the middle of the valve alternately longer and shorter, towards the ends
finer and radiate, finely, but usually distinctly, punctate; puncta forming undulate longitudinal rows.

The species of this small group are closely connected with Navicule punctate, from which
they differ by the very fine punctation of the striae. Among the Navicule lineolate are several
similar forms, for instance N. bottnica, but they differ by the direction af the terminal strie.

The few species of this section live in fresh water or in the mouths of rivers.

Artificial key.

‘i: Valve biconstricted .. . . Nae Ee ichy wansde ad , .. N. Tau Cu.
not — : : ; : : eo wo De
| Bois rostrate . i ; ; ; é s fe : in z 6
o :
— not — : te. oe i SH ‘ “ * oe x Be

3 Central area idisaeb: eve aye AAT 5 . . C. cocconeiformis Grea.
— orbicular. . Be he ae oe ae hae eg ch Ua eA

‘a | Median striae more coarsely punctate than ‘he other Muti. Cy. eR Lk ed N. limicola Cu.
— not — — _ — . ae ‘ © & : #.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. x:o0 38. 9

5 ae forming longitudinal rows parallel to the margins of the valve .. WN. Theta Ct.
aa — not — = = = a — — N. scutiformis Grun.
6 eee very fine, about 30 in 0,01 mm. moe B ein N. Pusio Cu.

: — coarser, about 17 in 0,01 mm. : : ; . N. surinamensis Cu.

1. N. Theta Cr. (1893). — V. elliptical. L. 0,055; B. 0,028 mm. Axial area narrow,
linear; central area small, orbicular. Strie radiate (in the ends nearly parallel) in the middle,
where they are alternately longer and shorter, 20 in 0,01 mm. at the ends 25 in 0,01 mm., di-
stinctly punctate; puncta 21 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal rows parallel with the margin. —
Diatomiste II p. 56 Pl. III f. 5.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil.

2. N. limicola Cx. (1893). — V. elliptical, with rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,046; B. 0,017
mm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area moderately large, orbicular. Strie about 25 in
0,o1 mm., gently curved and radiate at the ends, finely but distinctly punctate. Median strie
more coarsely punctate than the others. — Diatomiste II p. 14 Pl. I f. 12.

Mouth of rivers: Cameroon, Africa (leg. Dusén).

3. N. Pusio Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical, with broad rostrate ends. L. 0,016; B. 0,007 mm.
Axial area very narrow. Central area small. Striew very fine, about 30 in 0,01 mm. radiate at
the ends, in the middle alternately longer and shorter, closer towards the ends. — Pl. II f. 3.

Fresh water: Rotorua Lake, N. Zealand (leg. Berggren).

N. arcuata Pant. IIT Pl. VI f. 97 represents a similar, but larger form. L. 0,03; B. 0,016
mm. Strie 27 in 0,01 mm.

4. N. cocconeiformis Gree. (1856). — V. elliptical to rhomboidal, obtuse. L. 0,026 to
0,032; B. 0,009 to 0,013 mm. Central pores of the median line distant. Axial area indistinct;
central area small, elongated. Striw 25 to 29 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, in the middle of
unequal length, finely punctate. — M. J. IV, I. f. 22. Grown. Verh. 1860 p. 550 Pl. IV f. 9.
Dons. B. D. p. 22 Pl. II f. 11. Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 32 Pl. II f. 8. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 1.

Fresh water, especially in arctic or alpine regions: Spitsbergen! Norway, Dovre! Finland
(Russian Lappland to Abo), Sweden! Scotland! France (Vosges)! Oregon, foss.!

5. N. seutiformis Grun. (1881). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,024
mm. Central pores of the median line distant. Axial area very narrow, linear; central area
large, orbicular. Strie 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. (in the middle, closer towards the ends), strongly
radiate; the median of unequal length, not more coarsely punctate than the others. — A. S. Atl.
LXX f. 62.

Fresh water: Stavanger, Norway (A. 8. Atl.), Lule Lappmark! Umea, Sweden, fossil!

6. N. Tau Cu. (1893). — V. elongated, slightly biconstricted, with cuneate ends. L. 0,037;
B. 0,01 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area of medium size, rounded. Striz 20 in 0,01
mm. radiate at the ends; in the middle of unequal length. — Diatomiste IT p. 14 Pl. I f. 11.
Fresh water: Demerara River!

7. N. surinamensis Ci. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate with rostrate, broad ends. L. 0,027;
B. 0,013 mm. Median line with the terminal fissures in contrary direction. Axia] area indistinct
or very narrow. Central area small. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm., in the middle alternately longer and
shorter, radiate at the ends. — Pl. II f. 1.

Fresh water: Surinam!

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3.

10 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Naviculee Lineolatz Cr.

Valve elongated, rarely constricted, sigmoid or asymmetrical. Axial area usually indistinct
or narrow, rarely wide. Central area small or large. Structure: radiate or parallel striz, finely
and transversely lineate, the lineation always closer than the striz. Connecting zone not com-
plex. — Nav. Ustans and N. directa have two chromatophore-plates along the connecting zone.
Their margins are not indented. WN. (Schizonema) mollis has the same arrangement of the cell-
contents.

This section corresponds to the groups Radiose, Retuse and Directe of Gruyow and com-
prises a very large number of forms, frequently nearly connected or passing into each other.
Their most characteristic feature is the lineation of the strie. The latter are usually radiate in
the middle of the valve and divergent, parallel or convergent at the ends. In several forms the
strie are parallel throughout. In those forms in which the median strive are radiate, they are
also frequently alternately longer and shorter.

This group is connected by a few forms (N. Placentula) with the Navicule Punctate. As
a rule the Lineolate incline to a lanceolate or linear outline, while the Punctate are elliptical.
The principal distinction between both groups is that the strie of the Punctate are composed of
distinct puncta, usually as widely apart as the strie, but in the Lineolate the puncta are much
closer, the distance between the lineolee being less than the distance between the strie. In some
cases (for instance Nav. tusculu) the strie are crossed by longitudinal blank lines and have then
very much the appearance of the striation in the section Punctate. Such forms may in most
cases be distinguished from the Punctate by the terminal striz being parallel or convergent.

Among the asymmetrical diatoms there is a close relation between the Cymbelle and this
section, both having in many cases an exactly similar striation, Several intermediate forms exist.
For instance Nav. dicephala is nearly akin to Cymbella anglica, and the frustules of Cymbella
Ungert are frequently so nearly symmetrical, that this species might be classed among the
Lineolate. Among the Amphore there is one species only, as far as I know, which seems to be
closely akin to the Lineolatee (Amphora labuensis). Passages between the perfectly symmetrical
and decidedly asymmetrical are offered by Nav. mediterranea and Nav. toronidea.

The forms of this group, which have the striz crossed by several longitudinal blank lines,
suggest a connection with the genus Trachyneis.

The species of the group Levistriatze are no doubt nearly connected with those of the
Lineolate. They have the same general outline, and the striz are in similar directions, but
those of the former are apparently smooth.

Artificial key.

Median line sigmoid . : : : » ee ww 1 NM. Sigma Brun.
d :
— = straight. «1. «+ «es ees ws e ae “eo ah SD:
Axial area distinct or broad... 2... 1... ew : SR. ee ah AS
2: sad dt
— — very narrow or indistinct = = 8 .«...... Ha 3 » ov 6,
3 yee area bilateral oS Reeds nalts 4.
: — — unilateral... ©. ..... if N. scalarifer Brun. !
4 Axial area asymmetrical . . 2 we : _N. irregularis Pant.
: — — symmetrical. . . eek F fe. Cae abe ries acs 5.
5 Sia constricted in the middle .. «©. 2. ...ua., oa! ele 2h N. Chi Cu.
. — not -- — Se Baia th Rhidhe tilt ED 2c ns Y isa tae Gs

' Besides: N. irregularis Pant. N. superba Cu., N. transitans var. incudiformis, var. asymmetrica, N. spuria
var. asymmetrica, N. imperfecta Cu., N. monodon Brun, N. Anthracis Br. and Cu., N. valida Cu.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. n:o 3. ll

6. — with undulate margins. . & aay. vr a eee a N. Sancti Thome Cu.
— non — _— See a ins i 25 ‘ ied!
Fresh water habitat... 2 1). A > ai ludloviana A. 8.
Vateces @ Kae 2 Gr ek. | ee Re ae ae ee
8. oe not newilidie to Be MMAUSID se sis oie ay bo Rae de Gey a ee Nw, ald N. subalata Grun.
TEACHING?) “be ah) cage Sindy here me -Gyerguci dele Ehlah he dees oO:
HMGSObtsEo° ayia em ee Ble dla pike ape eAeow a Ge hm Goes 10.
a
acute. ca Ta eee Shams ae Ne pease. Be aD Gey ae may die wreedads docu Savi Gain . 14.
10. roe broad, rounded. . ... Sats gy pRLS ot elo Fi, dene sey en Ses den eey Che Ay dh eps 11.
—— MOL Weny bKOad.... 6 ao. wm a gis o RA ow eee G a «= 1:
LL ang area gradually dilated to the middle . . ee a .. . WV. jamalinensis Cu.
— abruptly — — a central area. ee . . .N. opima Gron.
12. i small. L. about 0,05 mm. : RR 8 ; Bide. shod RLU CEE S 13.
— large. L. about 0,1 mm. . . a ee” ... . . .M. distans W. Sm.
13. ve area lanceolate SARE Cis werwieehis gia oie Teas al away. da ; N. Niceensis Per.
— abruptly dilated into an orbicular central area ... . MN. salva A. 8.
14. i radiate throughout. =... 01. we ee N. Platessa Cu.
transverse in the ends. ee | hkwa ak Be ee Advoacax . ae ALD:
15. pane crossed by a blank band. . . i whee 442i . . N. Bruchii Grun.
not — — Scr atte da GRAY a ae . N. Amicorum Gruy.
16. Ve Tadiate s§- «ge ceo He eee a oe Oo ee fe he ae 17.
parallel... .. 1% oe > Help ad ae Re BARS 82.
17. — strie parallel or coRRRERD blis fy At Rhy eee nS aenaen st RRL 18.
— radiate. ... : page Ee ele eho ee & 54.
18. 4 eons strie crossed by a — band Ske 8 .. . NM. annulata Gron.
— not — —_ — crac, ahieG ; bigs 19.
19. ee strie genuflexed . i cigs eel SPs N. ca Kurz.
— not — bts ; 20.
20. marae crossed by lateral areas or be narrow tie ands Fae oe : i ao aL
21. ee oan of unequal length. . . me Oe ae ee , . 22.
equal = sag 4 ‘ eke ; 36.
29, ro fancclt, rostrate-capitate . . : ae ewe Ae tnme $208
not — — ‘ : ‘ We . 28.
23, es acute... 1... Aiee ded: Lgl gon: Gece) Op eberoe G 24.
obtuse «3.4 6% 4 as - % See wokw ge ae a 26.
od. feels strie alternately longer and shorter RE POR ROM eens N. Salinarum v. intermedia.
— shorter than the others... ........050 50004 N. notabilis Pant.
Strie fine, 20 in 001 mm. ... .. , . . N. bottinica Grun.
25.
ee coarse, 8 to 9 mm. : ba BERS ce gh GR ee we 26.
26. oo coarsely lineate . ..... se ios cect ee
finely — . : ; : N. digites -radiata GREG.
97. a Strie 7 in Qo1mm......... oF .. NN. peregrina Exs.
ae Nisa ot ashe Aap sie ene iy de aReaeNS N. Reinhardtii Gaon.
98. {rma strie strongly convergent tee. NM. Walezekit Grun.
— parallel. .... ‘ a ee F 29.
29. ag 0,025 to 0037 mm. .. .... ‘ oom x me Salinarum Gruyn.
O15 mm . ...... ro le eae Gk N. Rho Cu.
30. ee Ce crossed by a lateral area... .. . : i or Abs Aye . Bl.
— two or more blank bands. - 8 F .. 84,
31. ag obtuse . . Sade ac xadian ates : 32.
CULES. yore. cobs Se Sg Be ga ee ow E(k : . . 83.
30. ete linear, with rounded ends ..... oe. Gh Bo Gets NV. obtusa Cu.
lanceolate... 6 . «ao we ER eS .... N. Haueri Gron.
33. fo area unilateral. ......... ' N. Anthracis Br. a. Cu.
areas bilateral... . 1... ae ‘ N. Bruchit Gruy.
34 Longitudinal bands two on each side . . . 4 eee 35.
: \ _ — several ee a a ‘ N. Tuscula Bus.

1 Conf. N. basalte proxima Br. and N. aquitanie Br. (additional).

12

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Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Central area small or in
— orbicular
Size small. L. 0,015 to

distinct .... eae cm a ha

0Oo4 mm... ay SARs itt

— large. L. 0,05 mm. and more. .

Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. .
— 6 to 10 mm.

a strie rere
not oss

Ends obtuse.
acute iy ga aw 4
subcapitate

Strie coarsely lineate .

— apparently smooth... .

Valve rhomboidal
elliptic-lanceolate
Terminal strie strongly
— not —
Ends protracted .
nob — «+ % 4s
Central area distinct .
— not— ..
Marine habitat ...
Fresh water — fe
Strie coarsely lineate
finely _

Marine habitat. . :

Fresh water — . :

Valve narrow lanceolate,
broadly _

Valve not very convex .

Ends ees elevated and

multiseriata GRun.
N. maculosa Donk.

37.

. N. cincta Ex.

ea eee aon Mee oe es we ee)

.N. Beckit Pant.

N. ammophila Grun.
N. cryptocephala Kirz.
41.

42.

.N. Raphoneis Grun.

N. Formentere Cu.

WArKed! 4-.g0dw aoe ee | ea es N. hungarica Grun.

N. costulata Grun.
eatin oor 52.

bioxice teat, Sy, Gusts to Bedy tie dlan Rotman. | ed fl adieil Ad NV. spuria Cu.

not very convex... 6 1 ee eee eee

N. radiosa Kirz.

Big Uy Rue bo VP tecnico ae ENN sc sal hh Oa See ae is at 47.

N. vulpina Kirz.
N. pinnata Pant.

CONVER: G- -4 owe k eo abn eres . N. fortis Gruc.
$9 Gh By Te De OS BOs Se “ia Roc See he aE es N. avenacea Bris.

convex, with conical ends .. 1... 1. ee 50.
compressed «1... ee N. compressicauda A. 8.

ae ia ts A 51.

ere area small .
— large...
Ends subrostrate, obtuse
non-rostrate
Ends subcapitate .

BOULC: Th) .ch ta re <a aR, Salle ada) seg act - 42 aN . N. gotlandica Grun.
Frustulevarcuates. 4 <aiccae ba bile ee ee Rae ce al Ga we ae 55.
NOD S05, a. es 2. Be Be ee oe ah eS ee Be 56.

Striz about 18: in Ojor Mm. sk ea aOR Ea we we a N. genuflexa Kitz.

— 10 — Se. saris? ander ks io ae ay ee a, ote cae Sess fe N. Bolleana Grun.
Strie crossed by lateral areas or blank bands... 1... 0... ee ee eee 57.
— not — — —_ — Se tay ie gs Goh ade es 64.
Strie crossed by a single, narrow area... .. 1... .- eee ee 58.
— several longitudinal bands ..............0044 60.

Aoieuiate: tdi della disesds We ho cb - > whet: echeby Oeste ch Pat N. Galea Brun
Non-apiculate ...... . el pay Hae om Se A ee ee 59.

Axial We of the valve elevated ie eee Lge Rh ae es NV. superimposita A. 8.

SOEs eR) eases inn ean N. Phi Cu.

Blank lines stveignt Bede eeciete sitodst dia dus Seu va ok. A daemons N. arata Gron.
= fundulating.ce Ga GRA Yee eae a | Ub ee eee 61.
Axial area unilateral. 2 = 6 23 fA be we BR | Hh ee RR we 62.
areas bilateval cc cocg osu eR ae ek St 63.

Valve slightly convex .
very _— ‘
Valve slightly convex .
very — ;

Be epee dee “ee eles tae Sox ety aa ad sameeren arse N. cancellata Donx.

. N. Centraster Cu.
. N. viridula Kirz.

Pt hy wees 53.

N. rhynchocephala Kitz.

N. imperfecta Cu.
.N. monodon Grun.
. N. consors A. S.

. N. guttata Garon.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74,

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

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KONGL.

Valve rostrate. .....
non —

SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Median striae alternately lowes and ve
— not — a =

Strie coarsely lineate
finely _
Central area with stein
— without —

Strie about 9 in O”o1mm...........-.-00048

ah Of, ar
Valve linear . boa
lanceolate to elliptical Ra
Valve very convex. .....
not — .. ‘ :
Strie coarsely lineolate .
finely =
Central area small. ......
— large

Median strie alternately longer and shorter

— not — _
Size small. L. 0,02 mm.. .
— larger. L. 0,06 to 0,1 mm.
2,5 to 4 times longer than broad
5to6 — — - =

Central area small or indistinct... . 1... .... 0.008.

— medium sized or lar

Ends conical

not —
Strie slightly eadiats

strongly —
Fresh water habitat ....
Marine
Strie coarse 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.

finer 10 in 0,01 mm... .
Strie coarsely lineate

finely _
Size small,
— larger. L. more _
Strie 15 in 0,01 mm.

22 to 23 mm.

BOs: 6: wy ak oo et

L. less than 0,03 mm.

Lineole forming longitudinal strie
not — a _

Frustules in gelatinous tubes .

— the interior of alge...

Frustule arcuate
not—...
Strie crossed by lateral areas or
not — = aes =
Strie coarsely lineate
finely _
Lineole seats abEque or longi

Valve vey convex .

Valve Loire
symmetrical. . .
Frustule arcuate .

not -—

Valve linear
lanceolate or rhomboidal .

plank bands... .

tudinal fine strie ....

BAND 2%. w:o 8.
65.
S a sta a
pide tay .. 66.
69.

np rales as eek ee ce og ROS Sem, aha ee a ea ae “Bgl & a ge 67.
Se Ba i aie AS a GE OR or twee ah bee ee a 68.

. N. Clementis Groun.
N. leptostigma Eup.
. N. Gastrum Exp.
N. platystoma Ens.

N. falaisiensis Gron.

eA tee 70.

N. crucifera Gaun.

egies
We Placentula Exs.
Se 72.

“ N. anglica Raurs.

_ NV. dicephala W. Sm.
76.

ee ae eae ace AAS

N. arenarieformis Pay.
i) ie the Sass Sn SE ee 75.

. N. valida Cu. a. Grun.
N. Hasta Pant.

oo Be he A ee 80.
N. inflexa Gree.

ip eae. ap Os
N. arenicola Grun.

Soe eae boy ag: AO:
N. lanceolata Kirz.
de Ss N. solaris Grue.

dd UE oa keg BS . Sl.
» 4... NM. oviformis Cx.
N. pennata A. 8.
. N. consanguinea Cu.

N. mollis W. Sm.

N. incerta Grun.

. NV. corymbosa Ac.

. N. nidulans Cu.

N. sibirica Grun.
87.

89.

N. Gadhenlans i 8.
mya tee ie 92.
. . N. Cubitus Br. a. Temp
. N. Northumbrica Donk.
- 2. .. WN. jejuna A. §.
hice he ERR a ES 94.

13

14 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Habitat: fresh-water... . . aoa Se aot . .N. gracilis Ens.
94. { ao oe
Marine. . Bee . et ‘ - 5 a's sles JE . A
3 to 4 times longer than broad. . fog Cy Seg carpet SERIE iano di 96.
. )4t0o6 — — —- -— . we. ; . . N. transitans Cu.
mee ; A 7 —- —- SS we, oH. nih . . N. Zostereti Grun.
_ _— Seo RE pte! cw ad ina : . . N. directa W. 8m.
96. [a rhomboidal. ........ eRe. OR . . N. superba Cu.
lanceolate... i ee we : ... . M. gelida Gron.
| Strie between the margin and the axis faint ......... diy ade po ahah Hee ees
97. unilaterally crossed by an area... .. lie Bs WL Sie Ded . 99.
Ie — crossed by undulating, blank bands. «©... . 0 7 ww ee .. . 100.
98. ete nodule a short stauros . 6 ww ee ee . NV. finmarchica Cu. a. GRUN.
not stauroid . . . .N. transitans v. derasa (N. kariana v. detersa).
99, ag about ut times longer than broad ......... . . N. directa v. Incus.
— 5t06 -—- ~—- — ..... 2 N. transitans v. ineudiformis. '
Valve very convex... e Gk> agente, eee Bea . 101.
ae ee not 2 F op i e. Ghali AL Beilin Cee sees . . 102.
101. ae fusiform pare Seeh Ads Bilge! oh eae Blam & ae . N. vitriscala Broun.
linear’ cg ae Se ee Be Be ee Pa es . N. mediterranea Br. a. Cu.
102. ae linear with cuneate ends... . .. .. su. . NV. trigonocephala Cu.
lanceolate. ...... 3 ‘ : . NN. transitans v. erosa.
108. gis oblique . . ... & 8 .. 2. . NN. Kepesit Grun.
straight. aw COR RO .. . 104,
104 eS narrow lanceolate... 1.00 1 ee ee N. ramosissima Ac.
: — broadly — ..... ea. id . . .N. Kariana Gron.

1. N. cryptocephala Kurz. (1844). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate-capitate ends. lL. 0,025
to 0,035; B. 0,005 to 0,007 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, somewhat transverse.
Striz 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, slightly convergent iu the ends, finely lineate.
— Bac. p. 95 Pl. III f. 26. Donx. B. D. p. 37 Pl. V f. 14. V. H. Syn. p. 84 Pl. VIII f. 1, 5.
Nav. mutica Rasy. Alg. Sachs. N:o 965.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.), Germany! France! Arctic America! Green-
land! Argentina! Japan!

Var. veneta Kitz. (1844). — Smaller, with scarcely capitate ends. L. 0,025; B. 0,005 mm.
Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. — WN. veneta Ktrz. Bac. p. 95 Pl. XXX f. 76. Pedicino Ischia Pl. II f. 9
to 12? Donk. B. D. p. 48 Pl. VI f. 13? MN. crypt. v. veneta V. H. Syn. p. 85 Pl. VIII f. 3, 4,
Pl. XIV f. 34.

Brackish water: Sweden, Malm6! Venice (Kiitz).

Var. pumila Grun. (1880). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,016 to 0,023; B. 0,006 to 0,007
mm. Strie about 15 in 0,01 mm. — V H. Syn. Pl. VIII f. 6, 7, XIV f. 35. WN. Rhombulus
Scuum. P. D. IT N. p. 56, Pl. IL f. 35 (1867)? WN. Lancettula Scuum. P. D. II N. Pl. II f. 34.
N. cryptoc. v. Lancettula V.H. Syn. Pl. VIITf 11. N. pumela v. fossilis Pant. III Pl. V f. 75 (1893)?

Brackisch water: Triest!

Var. perminuta Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, not capitate. L. 0,008 to 0,011; B. 0,003 mm.
Striz about 20 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 7.

Var. exilis Kirz (1844 p. p. accord. to Grunow). -— V. lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse
ends. L. 0,018 to 0,019; B. 0,005 mm. Striee about 19 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. p. 85 Pl. VIII f. 2, 4.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Somme! Triest!

2. N. gotlandica Grun. (1878). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with protracted, subacute ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. O,oo8 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, orbicular. Striz 14
(middle) to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, convergent in the ends. — Cu. M. D.
N:o 161. V. H. Syn. Pl. VIII f. 8.

Slightly brackish water: Sweden, Gothland! Tasmania!

'N. irregularis Pant. N. superba v. elliptica,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. Nn:0 3. 15

3. N. rhynchocephala Kirz (1844). — V. lanceolate, with protracted, usually subcapitate
ends. L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area orbicular. Strize
10 to 12 in 0.01 mm., in the middle radiate and more distant, convergent at the ends, coarsely
lineate. — Bac. Pl. XXX f. 35. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. XVI f. 132. Donx. B. D. p. 38 Pl. VI f. 4.
Grun. A. D. p. 33 Pl. IT f. 33. V. H. Syn. p 84 Pl. VIL f 31. WN. eryptoc. v. rhynchoc. Strosse
Kliecken Pl. I f. 3.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Finmarken! Sea of Kara! Gulf of Bothnia! Sweden!
Belgium (V. H.), Saxony! Cape Deschneff! Arctic America! Dakota! Illinois! South Africa! Au-
stralian Alps!

Var. amphiceros Kiirz (1844). — V. broader lanceolate. Ends not distinctly capitate. Striz
8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — N. amph. Kirz. Bac. p. 95 Pl. JID f. 39. A. 8. Atl. XLVIT f. 25, 26.
V. H. Syn. p. 84 Pl. VII f. 30.

Brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia! England! Belgium (V. H.), Sandwich Islands!

N. rhynchocephala and var. amphiceros pass into each other; the latter graduates into
N. avenacea and N. viridula, the former is closely connected with N. eryptocephala.

4. N. avenacea Bris. (1878), — V. lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,008
to 0,o1 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area orbicular, large. Striz 10 or 12 (middle) to 13
(ends) in 0,01 mm., finely lineate, radiate in the middle, slightly convergent in the ends. — Grun.
Caspian Sea Alg. IV f. 23. NW. viridula v. av. V. H. Syn. p. 84 Pl. VII f. 27. Pinnul. silesiaca
Buietscu (according to Grun.). Schizonema Smithii (Ac.) V. H. Syn. p. 110 Pl. XV f. 33.

Brackish water: Falaise (Bréb.), England! Belgium (V. H.), Black Sea! Caspian Sea (Grun.),
East Cape! Tasmania!

N: avenacea connects N. viridula with N. rhynchocephala.

5. N. viridula Kitz (1844). — V. broadly lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,05
to 0,07; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area large, orbicular. Strie 10 in
0,o1 mm., coarsely lineate, radiate and more distant in the middle, slightly convergent in the
ends. — Bac. p. 91 Pl. XXX f. 47. Grun. A. D. p. 33 Pl. II f. 85. V. H. Syn. p. 84 Pl. VII
f. 25. Schizonema Thwaitesii V. H. Syn. Pl. XV f. 38, 39. |

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.), Finland! Salzburg!
Sandwich Islands! — Australian Alps! Murray River! — Arctic America!

Var. slesvicensis Grun. (1880). — V. linear-lanceolate, with broad, rostrate ends. IL. 0,03
to 0,05; B. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Striea 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — WN. sles. Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 84
Pl. VII f. 28, 29. WN. virid. f. minor A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 48. V. H. Syn. p. 84 Pl. VII fi 26.
Pinnul. silesiaca Fresenius Senckenb. Abh. IV, Pl. IV f. 27.

Brackish water: Finland! Holstein! Belgium (V. H.), Greenland! ,

Var. abbreviata Grun. Ms. — V. linear, with rostrate and subcapitate ends. L. 0,016 to
0,03; B. 0,0055 to 0,oo7 mm. Central area small. Striz 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm.

Brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia, Torneaé! South Africa! Bengal!

Var. rostellata Kiirz (1844). — V. lanceolate, with attenuated, subrostrate ends. L. 0,04 to
0.065; B. 001 mm. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — WN. rost. Kiirz Bac. p. 95 Pl. Ill f. 65. A. S
Atk XLVII f. 27 to 30. N. rhynchoc. v. rost. Grun. A. D. p. 83. V. H. Syn. p. 84 PL VII f. 23, 24.

Brackish water: England! Belgium (V. H.), Marseilles (Atl.), East Cape! Japan!

The variety rostellata is a transitional form between N. viridula and N. amphirhynchus var.
amphiceros.

6. N. yulpina Kirz (1844). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,014 to 0,o16 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area large, orbicular.
Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, convergent in the ends, coarsely lineate; lineole

16 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

24 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal, fine rows. — Kitz Bac. p. 92 Pl. III f. 43. V. H. Syn.
p. 88 Pl. VII f. 18. WN. viridula forma major A. 8. Atl. XLVII f. 53, 54.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Ireland (Lough Mourne)! Domblitton, fossil! Arctic Ame-
rica! Greenland! Michigan! New Zealand!

Var. oregonica Ci. — Linear with broad, truncate ends. L. 0,095; B. 0,013 mm. Strie
11 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. XLVII f. 55, 56 (without name).
Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

7. N. costulata Grun. (1880). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,015 to 0,02;
B. 0,0045 to 0,005 mm. Axial area narrow; central area a transverse fascia. Strie 8 to 10 in
0,01 mm., slightly divergent in the middle, distant. Terminal striae not more strongly marked
than the others. — A. D. p. 27. V. H. Syn. p. 85 Suppl. A. f. 15. Gru. Foss. D. Ost. Ung.
p. 156 Pl. XXX f. 45.

Slightly brackish water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia)! Holstein (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.).

8. N. hungarica Gruy. (1860). — V. linear lanceolate, with broad, obtuse ends. L. 0,015
to 0,02; Br. 0,005 to 0,006 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area small. Striz 8 to 9 in
0,01 mm., distant, slightly divergent in the middle and convergent in the ends, where there are
on both sides of the terminal nodule one or two more strongly marked strie. — Pinnul. pygmea
Ens. M. G. X:1 f 9 (1854). Nav. hungurica Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 539 PL. LIT f. 30. Foss. D.
Oster. Ung. p. 156 Pl. XXX f. 42. A. D. p. 97.

Slightly brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia (Torned)! Holstein! Franzenbad (fossil)! Neusiedler-
see (Grun.), Dakota! [linois! Ecuador! Argentina!

Var. capitata Kup. (1848), — V. gibbous in the middle and with subcapitate ends. — Pinn.
capit. Eup. Ber. 1848 (accord. to Chase) M. G. XXXVII1: 3 f. 9; XXXV A. If. 4. Pinn. signata
Eup. M. G. XXXIV 6 A. f. 7 (1854). Pinn. garganica Rasy. Sissw. D. VI f. 41 (1853). Nav.
inflata W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII f. 158 (1853). Nav. globiceps Laast. Spitsb. D. p. 27 Pl. IT f. 5
(1873). Nav. humilis Donx. B. D. p. 67 Pl. X f. 7 V. H. Syn. p. 85 PL XI f. 23.

Fresh water: Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Sweden; England! Belgium (V. H.). Japan!

Var. liineburgensis Grun. (1882). — V. lanceolate, with subacute ends. — Foss. D. Oster.
Ung. p. 156 Pl. XXX f. 48—44.

Brackish water: Finmark (Tana Elf)! Holstein (Grun.), Germany (Domblitten, Oberrohe,
fossil)! Bombay (Grun.).

The var. liineburgensis is very similar to Nav. costulata. Probably Gomphonema navicu-
loides Strése Kliecken D. Pl. I f. 18 is this form.

9. N. cineta Enp. (1854). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,02 to 0,04; B. 0,005
to 0,006 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, transverse. Strie 12 to 17 in 0,01 mm.
strongly radiate in the middle, slightly convergent at the ends. The median striz are more
distant and more strongly marked than the others. — Pinnul. cincta Eup. M. G. X: 2 f. 6. NV. cincta
V. H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VII f. 13, 14. P. Heuflert Pedicino Ischia Pl. IL f.17. N. Kiitzingiana H. L.
Suirn Am. Q J. M. 1878 p. 13 f. 3. Pinnul. nana Gree. accord. to Grun. A. S. N. 8. D. ID
f. 23, 24 (without name)?

Fresh and brackish water: Sweden! Finland! Holstein! England! Belgium (V. H.), Bavaria!
Switzerland! Hast Cape! Japan! N. America, Kansas! Vancouver Island!

Var. Heufleri Grun. (1860). — L. 0,022 to 0,032; B. 0,004 mm. Central area small. Strize
10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Heufleri Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 528 Pl. III f. 32. N. cineta v. Heufl. V. H.
Syn. p. 82 Pl. VIT f. 12, 15.

Fresh and brackish water: Sweden (Malmé)! Belgium (V. H.), Triest! Ecuador!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. N:0 3. ilk

Var. leptocephala Bris. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with slightly rostrate and obtuse ends.
L. 0,025; B. 0,006 mm. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. — N. leptoceph. Brus. in Kiitz Herb. accord. to Grun.
V. H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VII f. 16.

Belgium (V. H.).

Var. Cari Ens. (1838). — V. narrow lanceolate. L. 0,046; B. 0,007 mm. Central area
distinct, transverse. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. — N. Cari Eup. Inf. p. 174. M. G. XID f. 20. V. H.
Syn. VII f. 11.

Fresh water: Habichtwalde, fossil (Ehb.), Australia, Daintree River!

Var. angusta GRuN. (1860). — V. linear-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,005 to
0,oo6 mm. Central area distinctly transverse. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — JN. angusta Grun.
Verh. 1860 p. 528 Pl. V f. 19. N. Cari v. ang. V. H. Syn. Pl. VIZ f. 17.

Fresh water: Austrian Alps (Grun.), Vosges (Lac de Gerardmer)! Ecuador!

N. Cari connects N. cincta with N. radiosa and might as well be regarded as a variety of
the latter, distinguished principally by its somewhat transverse central area.

10. N. radiosa Kirz (1844). — V. narrow, lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle
to the subacute ends. L. 0,045 to 0,09; B. 0,012 to 0,019 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central
area very small, rhomboidal. Striz 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate in the middle and con-
vergent at the ends, finely lineate. — Bac. p. 91 Pl. IV f. 23. Pinn. radiosa and P. acuta W. Sm.
B. D. p. 56 Pl. XVIII f. 171, 173. N. radiosa Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 526. A. S. Atl. XLVII f. 50
to 52. V. H. Syn. p. 83 Pl VII f. 20. Pinn. acuta Strése Klieken f. 2.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagerst.), Sweden! Norway! Finland! England! France! Switzer-
land! Saxony! Japan! South Africa! [linois! Michigan! Brazil! Argentina! Ecuador!

Var. dubravicensis Grun. (1882). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,072 to 0,085; B. 0,011 mm.
Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., more distant in the middle, distinctly lineate; lineole 25 in 0,01 mm. —
F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 144 Pl. XXX f. 49. NW. Dubrav. Pant. III Pl. XIX f. 281 (1893).

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. subrostrata Cu. — Linear with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,085; B. 0,011 mm.
Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — Pinnul. tenuis Gruc. M. J. I Pl. IV f. 9 (1854)?

Fresh water: Crane Pond (N. Am.)!

Var. tenella Bris. (1849). — Lanceolate with acute ends. L. 0,03 to 0,065; B. 0,005 to
Q,oo6 mm. Striz 15 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — N. tenella Brus. in Kiitz Sp. Alg. p. 74. N. radiosa
v. ten. V. H. Syn. p, 84 Pl. VIT f. 21, 22.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Belgium (V. H.), Japan! Australia (Daintree River)! Tas-
mania! Greenland! Argentina!

PantocsEK describes as N. tenella var.? fossilis (II p. 54 Pl. V f. 91) a form with broad
axial area, which, if the figure be exact, cannot belong to N. radiosa.

Var. minutissima Grun. (1882). — 0,017 to 0,027; B. 0,0035 to 0,oo4 mm. Strive 14 to 19
in 0,01 mm. — F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 144.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.), Rostock, fossil!

This var. seems rather to belong to N. cryptocephala v. veneta.

11. N. gracilis Exp. (1830). — V. almost linear, obtuse. LL. 0,033 to 0,05; B. 0,0065 to
0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area distinct, transverse. Strie 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm., in
the middle slightly radiate, elsewhere almost parallel. — Ber. 1830 Inf. p. 176 Pl. XIII f. 2(?)
Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 526 Pl. IV f. 27. V. H. Syn. p. 83 Pl. VII f. 7, 8.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Denmark! Normandy! Arctic America! Argentina, Sierra
Famatina!

Var. schizonemoides V. H. (1880). — Frustules enclosed in unbranched, gelatinous tubes.
Central area somewhat smaller. — Colletonema neglectum Tuwattes in W. Sm. B. D. II p. 70 Pl. LVI

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. Ni:o 3. 3

18 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

f. 352 (1856). Schizon. neglectum V. H. Syn. Pl. XV f. 37. N. gracilis v. schizon. V. H. Syn. p. 83
BL. VIE. 9, 16.

Fresh water: England! Belgium (V. H.).

N. gracilis is very similar to larger varieties of NV. cincta and to some forms of N. radiosa
from which it may be distinguished by its less radiate strie, and larger, transverse central area.

12. N. peregrina Eus. (1843). — V. lanceolate with obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,15; B. 0,021
to 0,o28 mm. Axial area distinct, narrow. Central area large, somewhat transverse, subrectan-
gular. Strie in the middle 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. radiate, and frequently alternately longer and
shorter, towards the ends transverse, and at the ends (8 in 0,0 1mm.) convergent, distinctly lineate}
lineole about 25 in 0,01 mm. — Pinn. pereg. Eus. Am. 1:1 f. 5, 6. W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVII
f. 170. N. pereg. Kitz Bac. p. 97 Pl. 28 f. 52. A. 8S. Atl XLVII f. 57—60.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! Baltic! North Sea! Saxony! Adriatic (Grun.), Arctic America!
Greenland! Atlantic coasts of United States! Argentina! Cape Wankarema! Japan! Batavia!

Var. kefvingensis Eup. (1840). — Smaller. L. 0,044 to 0,09 mm. Striz 7 (middle) to 8,5
(ends). — Pinn. kefv. Hus. Ber. 1840 p. 20 (accord. to Kitz). M. G. X:2, f. 4, 5. Nav. kefv.
Kurz Bac. p. 97 (1844). A. S. Atl. XLVII f. 61, 62.

Brackish water: Firth of Tay! Franzenbad, fossil!

Var. polaris Lagst. (1873). — V. subelliptical, with broad, obtuse ends. L. 0,051 to 0,072;
B. 0,014 to 0,016 mm. Strie 6 (middle) to 8 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — N. polaris Laest. Spitsb. D.
p. 24 Pl. IT f. 3. Boh. p. 33.

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Beeren Hiland (Lagst.), Bohuslén (Lagst.).

Var. calcuttensis Grun. Ms. — YV. lanceolate. LL. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,017 mm. Striz 9, lineole
21 in 0,01 mm. Axial area unilateral, not dilated in the middle. Central area small, also uni-
lateral. — Pl. II f. 2.

Brackish water: Calcutta!

Var. Meniscus Scuum. (1867). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,036 to 0,066; B. 0,01 to 0,019
mm. Strie 7 to 8,5 in 0,01 mm. — N. Meniscus Scuum. P. D. II N. p 55 Pl. II f. 32 (VW. Sam-
biensis f. 37? N. aperta f. 49, N. Cyprinus f. 50?). Grown. A. D. p. 83. A. S. Atl. XLVII f 47
(without name). NV. pereg. v. M. V H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VIII f. 19.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun.), Baltic (Schum., Grun.), Kénigsberg, fossil! Cuxhaven
(Atl.), Cape Wankarema!

Forms with asymmetrical axial area occur at Cape Wankarema.

Var. Menisculus Scuum. (1867). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, frequently slightly rostrate. L. 0,018
to 0,04; B. 0,01 to 0,011 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small. Strize 9 to 12 in 0,01
mm., finely lineate. — N. Menisc, Scuum. P. D. II N. p. 56 Pl. ID f. 33. N. pereg. v. Menisculus
V. H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VIII f. 20, 21, 22. N. Gastrum v. Upsaliensis Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 242.
N. pereg. menisculus f. Upsaliensis V. H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VIII f. 23, 24. WN. pressa Pant. IIL
Pl. XXIV f. 362 (1893)?

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Sweden! Baltic! Kénigsberg and Domblitten, fossil! Bel-
gium (V. H.), France (Paris, Normandy)! Saxony! Vienna (Grun.), Argentina (Sierra Velasco)!

By the var. Menisculus N. peregrina seems to pass into N. eryptocephala var. veneta.

13. N. Haueri Grun. (1882). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,12; B. 0,017 to
0,o19 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area large, transverse. Striee 8 in 0,01 mm. radiate and
more distant in the middle, convergent in the ends, finely lineate, and crossed on both sides of the
median line by a narrow, blank area. — F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 143 Pl. XXX f. 48. Pant. IIT
Pl, VE £.. 185.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Dubravica, Grun., Bory)!

This species, distinguished by the blank band across the strie, is nearly akin to N. peregrina.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. wN:0 3, 19

14. N. Anthracis Brun a. Cx. (1889). — V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,014 to
0,018 mm. Axial area unilateral. Central area also unilateral, but on opposite side to the axial
area and connected with a narrow longitudinal area. Strie 7 (middle) to 8 (ends) in 0,01 mm. ra-
diate in the middle, transverse at the ends, coarsely lineate; lineole 20 in 0,01 mm. — D. f. du
Japon p. 41 Pl. V f. 6. NW. Flattii Panv. III Pl. XXII f. 330 (1898).

Fresh water (marine?): Japan, fossil!

15. N. maculosa Donk. (1871). — V. broadly linear, with apiculate ends. L. 0,045 to 0,068;
B. 0,013 mm. Axial area narrow; central area orbicular. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the
middle, transverse at the ends, finely lineate, crossed by two undulating, narrow, lateral areas.
— B.D. p. 25 Pl. Vf. 1. . albinensis Gruy. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 103 Pl. I f. 29 (1884).

Marine: Scotland!

Original specimens of Donkins N. maculosa in Deby’s Collection agree perfectly with origi-
nal specimens of Grunows N. albinensis.

16. N. tuscula Ens. (1840). — V. elliptical, with protracted, capitate ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,015
mm. Axial area narrow; central area large, transverse, subrectangular. Strie 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm.
radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, very finely lineate and crossed by several irregu-
larly undulating longitudinal bands. -- Pinnularia tuscula Eup. Ber. 1840. Stawroptera tuscula
Ens. M. G. VI:1 f. 13 a. Stauroneis punctata Kitz, Bac. p. 106 Pl. XXI f. 9 (1844). W. Sm.
B. D. I Pl. XTX f. 189. Donk. B. D. p. 36 Pl. V f. 12. Navicula tuscula V. H. Syn. p. 95 Pl. X
f. 14. Stauroneis meniscus Scuum. Preuss. D. p. 189 Pl. IX f. 54 (1862)? Navic. tumida var. subsasla
Strése Klieken Pl. I f. 10?

Fresh or slightly brackish water (larger lakes): Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Beeren Eiland (Lagst.),
Iceland! Sweden (Malaren, Wenern, Ringsjén)! Finland! Gulf of Bothnia (Tornea, Pited)! England!
Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland (Brun), Dlinois! Fossil at Konigsberg! Klieken! Rostock! S:ta Fiora!

> According to Grunow (F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 145) the cell-contents of Nav. tuscula are very
different from those of other species of Navicule.

17. N. Salinarum Grow. (1880). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with protracted, capitate ends.
L. 0,023 to 0,037; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area distinct, orbicular.
Strie 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm., distinctly lineate, in the middle strongly radiate and alternately
longer and shorter, in the ends transverse. — A. D. p. 33 Pl. Il f. 34. V. H. Syn. p. 82 Pl. VIII
£9. WN. Carassius Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 537 Pl. III f. 31; Pl. IV f. 11.
Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Finmarken! Sweden (Malm6)! Holstein! Belgium
(V. H.), England! Saxony! Neusiedlersee, Hungary (Grun.).
Var. intermedia Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with subcapitate ends. L. 0,035 to 0,04;
B. 0,007 mm. Striz 14 (middle) to 18 (ends), in the middle alternately longer and shorter, strongly
radiate, in the ends convergent. — NV. cryptocephala v. int. Grun. in V. H. Syn. Pl. VIII f. 10.
Fresh water: Sweden, Ringsjén in Skane! New Zealand!
By the var. intermedia is N. Salinarum connected with forms of N. cryptocephala as well as
with WN. notabilis Pant.

18. N. Rho Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, rostrate, obtuse. L. 0,115; B. 0,026 mm. Axial
area very narrow, in the middle dilated into a large orbicular central area. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm.,
distinctly lineate (lineole 25 in 0,01 mm.), in the middle strongly radiate and alternately longer
and shorter, in the ends transverse. — Part. I Pl. HI f. 35.

Mouth of rivers: China, Canton River!

This species resembles NV. elegans, but differs by the distinctly lineate strie.

19. N. notabilis Pant. (1889). — V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0,04 to 0,056; B. 0,009 to 0,012
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, somewhat transverse. Striz 10 to 11 (12,5 Pant.)

20 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

in 0,01 mm. more distant in the middle, where they are radiate and alternately longer and shorter.
Terminal strie transverse. — Pant. II p. 51 Pl. V f. 95.
Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

20. N. Wilezekii Grun. (1884). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with protracted, rostrate ends.
L. 0,07; B. 0,026 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area subrectangular. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.
finely punctate, in the middle more distant (8 in 0,01 mm.) alternately longer and shorter, ra-
diate; strongly convergent at the ends, where they are closer (16 to 17 in 0,01 mm). — Franz
Jos. Land D. p. 98 Pl. I f. 36.

Fresh water: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

21. N. bottnica Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,04 to 0,065; B. 0,01 to 0,013
mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area orbicular. Strice 20 in 0,01 mm. very finely punctate,
in the middle strongly radiate and alternately longer and shorter, at the ends convergent. —
A. D. p. 82 Pl. ID f. 82. V. H. Syn. Pl. VIL f. 33.

Brackish and marine: Finmark! Coast of England! Baltic (from Pitea to Gothland)! Green-
land! Canada! Maine!

22. N. digito-radiata Grue. (1856). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,012 to
0,o1g mm. Axial area narrow. Central area small, irregular. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., very finely
lineate, in the middle radiate and alternately longer and shorter, at the ends transverse. — Pinn.
dig. M.J. IV Pl If. 32. N. dig. A.S. N.S. D. p. 92 Pl. Df. 4. V. H. Syn. p. 86 Pl. VII f. 4.
Pinnul. viridula Ens. Abh. Berl. Ak. 1870 II f. 12. WN. dig. v. angustior Grun. A. D. Pl. IL f. 31.

Marine and brackish: Spitsbergen! Finmarken! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Saxony! Caspian
Sea (Grun.), Arctic America! New York! Fossil, Hungary (Grun.).

Var. Cyprinus (Eup. 1843?) W. Sm. (1853). — V. slightly gibbous in the middle. L. 0,06
to 0,08; B. 0,0125 to 0,0275 mm. — Pinn. Cypr. Exp. Am. I: 2 f. 7? W. Sm. B. D. I Pl. XVIII
f. 176. WN. digito-r. var. Cypr. V. H. Syn. p. 86 Pl. VII f. 3.

Marine: North Sea! England (W. Sm.), Belgium (V. H.).

Var. Seychellensis Cu. — As the type. L. 0,04; B. 0,01 mm. Striz 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)!

Under the name N. Gurovit Pantocsrex (III Pl. IV f. 58) has figured a form, which seems
to be a new species, akin to N. digito-radiata or N. peregrina. It is broadly, almost rhomboid,
lanceolate. L. 0,065; B. 0,o2 mm. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm. the median of unequal length.

23. N. Reinhardtii Grun. (1860). — V. elliptical to lanceolate, with broad, obtuse ends.
L. 0,04 to 0,07; B. 0,014 to 0,017 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area irregular, trans-
versely dilated. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., coarsely lineate, in the middle alternately longer and
shorter, strongly radiate, in the ends transverse. — Stauroneis Reinhardtit Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 566
Pl. VI f. 19. Nav. vernalis Donx. M. J. 1869 p. 293 Pl XVIII f. 5. Nav. Reinh. V. H. Syn.
p- 86 Pl. VII f. 5, 6. Stauroptera truncata Rabu. Siissw. D. Pl. IX f. 12 (1853) Alg. Sachs. N:o 848.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Belgium (V. H.), Germany! Switzerland!

Var. gracilior Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, narrowed towards the ends. L. 0,06 to 0,07;
B. 0,013 mm. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — N. dagito-radiata var. striolata Grun. A. D. p. 32.
N. Reinh. var. gracilior V. H. Syn. p. 87.

Fresh water, occurring with the type.

Var. jenisseyensis Grun. (1880). — As. var. gracilior, but with only few shorter median striz.
L. 0,132; B. 0,016 mm. A. D. p. 382.

Fresh water: Mouth of Jenissey (Grun.).

N. Reinhardtii is very similar to N. digito-radiata, from which it differs by its fresh water
habitat, and its more coarsely lineate striz, and to N. Gastrwm, which has strie radiate throughout.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:0 3. 21

24. N. oblonga Kitz (1833). — V.,linear-lanceolate, with truncate ends. IL. 0,07 to 0,2;
B. 0,014 to 0,024 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area suborbicular. Strie 7 to 8 in 0,01
mm., very finely lineate, the median more distant and strongly radiate, the terminal convergent
and angularly bent. — Frustulia oblonga Kitz Dec. N:o 71 (accord. to Lagst.). N. oblonga Ktrz
Bac. p. 97 Pl. IV f. 21. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 523. A. 8S. Atl. XLVII f. 63 to 68. V. H. Syn.
p- 81 Pl. VII f. 1. Pant. II] Pl. VIII f. 142. Pinnul. oblonga W. Sm. B. D. XVIII f. 165.

Fresh or very slightly brackish water: Sweden! Finland! Saxony! Belgium (V. H.), Eng-
land! Switzerland (Brun.), Illinois! Fossil: Dubravica, Hungary (Grun.), Mexico and Guatemala!

Var. lanceolata Grun. (1860). — Shorter and broader lanceolate. — Verh. 1860 p. 523
PL. LY £25.

Var. acuminata Grun. (1860). — Almost linear, with cuneate, obtuse ends. — 1. ec.
Fresh water: Austria (Grun.).
Var. nodulosa Grun. (1860). — As the var. acuminata, but with triundulate margins. — 1. c.

Fresh water: Frankfurt am Main.

25. N. falaisiensis Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse ends.
L. 0,025; B. 0,005 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rounded. Strize about 20 in
0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 5.

Fresh water: Greenland! England (V. H. T:), Belgium (V. H.).

Var.? Lanceola Grun. (1880). — V. linear with more distinctly rostrate ends. L. 0,03;
B. 0,004 mm. Striz 23 in 0,01 mm. more radiate — V. H.S. Pl. XIV if. 6 B.

N. falaisiensis is according to Grunow nearly related to N. Bulnheimii.

26. N. arenicola Grun. (1882). —- V. linear, frequently slightly gibbous in the middle,
with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,02; B. 0,005 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 13
or 14 (middle) to 21 (ends) in 0,01 mm. very finely lineate, slightly radiate throughout. — Amphi-
prora arenaria Bris. in Rab. A. E. N:o 2150. N. arenicola Gruy. F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 149
Pl. XXX f. 76, 77.

Marine (aestuaries): Coasts of France and England (Grun.), Firth of Tay!

27. N. dicephala (Hus. 1836?) W. Sm. (1853). — V. linear to linear-lanceolate with capi-
tate-rostrate ends. L. 0,025 to 0,04; B. 0,01 to 0,0125 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area
large, transverse and rectangular. Strie 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. — Pin. diceph.
Eup. Inf. p. 185. Am. II: 1 f. 29? WN. dicephala W. Sm. B. D. I p. 87 Pl. XVII f. 157. Grun.
A. D. p. 34. V. H. Syn. p. 87. Pl. VIII f. 33, 34. Strése Klieken D. fi 4.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! Saxony! Switzerland (Brun.), Hungary, Dubravica, fossil
(Grun.), Kamtchatka! Japan! Illinois! Ecuador!

Var. elginensis Grea. (1856). — L. 0,024 to 0,03; B. 0,01 to 0,o105 mm. Strie 12 to 14 in
0,01 mm. transverse at the ends. — Pinn. elginensis Grea. M. J. IV Pl. If. 33. Grow. A. D. p. 35.

Fresh water: Scotland, Ben Lawers fossil (Grunow), Finland, Pudasjarvi, fossil!

Var. subcapitata Grun. (1882). — V. with broadly truncate ends. — F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 156
Pl. XXX f. 54.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

N. dicephala is very nearly connected with the Cymbelle, which, besides its great resem-
blance to Cym. anglica, is proved by its cell-contents (see A. S. Atl. Pl. LXXII f. 29—33; Grun.
F. D. Ost. Ung. XXX f. 55). There is only one chromatophore-plate, in the middle separated
by a plasmatic mass from the zone, and on the dorsal side deeply cloven by a linear fissure.

28. N. lanceolata (Ac. 1827?) Kurz (1833). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,008 to
0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area distinct, orbicular. Striz 12 (middle) to 15 or 16
(ends) in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate throughout. — Frustulia lanceolata Acarpu Flora X p. 626?

22 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Kirz Dec. N:o 72 according to Lagst. Pinnularia viridula W. Su. B. D. XVII f. 175. WN. lanceol.
A. S. Atl. XLVII f. 49. Grun. A. D. p. 35. V. H. Syn. p. 88 Pl. VII f. 16 (17 forma curta).
Laest. Ofvers. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Foérh. 1884 X f. 5 a. WN. ecryptoc. v. rhynchoc, Strése Klieken
Dz f. 3 6. 2

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Germany! England! Belgium (V. H.), Japan! Australia,
Mitchell River!

Var. tenella A. S. (1876). — V. narrow lanceolate. L, 0,035; B. 0,oo6 mm. — N. tenella A.S.
Atl. XLVII f. 45, 46.

Fresh water: Sweden, Loka (Atl.).

Var. phyllepta Kirz. (1844). — L. 0,03 to 0,033; B. 0,008 to 0,009 mm. Striz 18 in 0,01
mm. — NV. phyllepta Kirz. Bac. p. 94 Pl. XXX f. 56. V. H. Syn. p. 88 Pl. VIII f. 40.

Brackish water: Belgium (V. H.), Saxony (Saline Diirrenberg)!

Var. arenaria Donk. (1861). — L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,01 mm. Strize 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. —
N. arenaria Donx, M. J. I p.10 PLIf. 9. B.D. p. 56 PL VOI f 5. A. 8S. Atl. XLVI f. 38,
39, 40. N. lance. v. aren. V. H. Syn. p. 88 Pl. VIII f. 18.

Marine: Baltic (Gothland)! North Sea!

Var. Cymbula Donx. (1869). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,055; B. 0,011 mm. Axial area indistinct.
Central area small, orbicular. Strie 8 (middle) to 10 (ends) radiate throughout, coarsely lineate.
— N. Cymbula Donk. M. J. 1869 p. 294 Pl. XVIII f. 6. V. H. Syn. Pl. VII f. 32.

Fresh water: England (Donk.), Finland! Japan!

Var.? latior Dannr. (1882). — V. broadly lanceolate, with capitate ends. L. 0,026; B. 0,01
mm. Strive 22 in 0,01 mm. — N. cryptocephala v. latior Dannr. Baltic D. p. 26 Pl. IT f. 12.

Brackish water: Baltic (Helsingfors, Gothland) Dannf.

As Dannfeldts fig. shews the strie radiate at the ends, this form has been classed here
under WV. lanceolata.

Var. hordeiformis Pant. (1889). — L. 0,026; B. 0,oo8 mm. Striz 10 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm. —
N. hordeiformis Pant. IT p. 48 Pl. XI f. 197.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

29. N. anglica Raurs (1861). — V. elliptical, with capitate ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,014 mm.
Axial area very narrow. Central area small. Strie 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout,
finely lineate, in the middle of equal length. — N. tumida W. Sm. B. D. I p. 53 Pl. XVII f. 146
(1853). N. tumida genuina Groun. Verh.,1860 p. 5387 Pl. IV f. 43 a. N. anglica Raurs in Pritch.
Inf. p. 900. Donx. B. D. p. 35 Pl Vf. 11 a. V. H. Syn. p. 87 Pl. VIII f. 29, 30. MW. gastrum
v. anglica Grun. A. D. p. 34.

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! England! Illinois! Ecuador!

Var. minuta Cur. — L. 0,025; B. 0,008 mm. Striz 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm.
Fresh water: Finland, Lake Lojo near Abo! Jamaica!
Var. subcruciata Grun. — L. 0,014 to 0,024; B. 0,007 mm. Area more transverse. — Grun.

in V. H. Types N:o 99.

Slightly brackish water: England (V. H. T.).

Var. subsalsa Grun. 1860. — V. lanceolate with rostrate, not capitate ends. L. 0,03; B. 0,011
mm. Strie 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — N. tumida v. subsalsa Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 537 Pl. IV f. 43 8, ¢.
A. D. p. 34. N. anglica Dork. B. D. Pl. V f. 11 6. N. anglica v. subsalina Grun. in V. H. Syn.
p. 87 Pl. VII f. 31.

Slightly brackish water: Neusiedler See (Grun.), Shienitzer See, Prussia (Grun.).

The var. swbsalsa is nearly akin to N. dicephala and connects this species with N. Gastrum.

30. N. Gastrum Exp. (1843). — V. lanceolate to elliptical, with slightly rostrate, obtuse
ends. L. 0,024 to 0,045; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area large
irregular, somewhat transverse. Striz 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate, in the middle usually

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%, wiv 3, 23

alternately longer and shorter. — Pinn. Gastrwm Eus. Am. III: 7 f. 23. M. G. V:1f. 12. Strése
Klieken D. f. 1 b. N. Gastrum Dong. B. D. p. 22 Pl. II f. 10. Gruy. A. D. p. 31. V. H. Syn.
p. 87 Pl. VIII f. 25, 27. Pant. III Pl. TI f. 48. Nav. exigua Pant. IIT Pl. Il f. 45 (1893).
N. varians Gree. T. M. S. III p. 10 Pl. II f. 27, 28 (1855). N. Hoffmannii Panv. II p. 47
Pl. XIV f. 245 (1889)?

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! England! Ireland! Belgium (V. H.), Sea of Kara! Cape
Deschneff! New Zealand! Illinois!

Var. Jenisseyensis Grun. (1880). — Lanceolate. L. 0,038 to 0,065; B. 0,011 to 0,017 mm.
Strie about 9 in 0,01 mm. more distant in the middle, where there are only a few shorter ones
among the longer, very finely lineate. — A. D. p. 31 Pl I f. 28. N. Basilica {Pant. I
Pl. VIIT f. 129 (1893)?

Fresh or brackish water: Jenissey (Grun.), Cape Deschneff! New Zealand! New Caledonia
(Kinker Coll.)!

Var. latiuscula Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,024 to 0,06; B. 0,012 to 0,017 mm.
Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. The median strie not alternately longer and shorter. — A. D. p. 31.
Strése Klieken D. f. 1 a.

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Sea of Kara! Sweden (Upsala, Ronneby, Kalmar, fossil)!
Finland! East Cape, East Siberia! Cuxhaven (Grun.), Oberrohe and Klieken, fossil!

Var. exigua Grue. (1854). — V. lanceolate with subrostrate or subcapitate ends. LL. 0,017
to 0,03; B. 0,009 to 0,012 mm. Strize 12 to 14 in 001 mm — Pinnul. exigua Gree. M. J. p. 99
Pl. IV f. 14. N. Gastr. v. exigua Grun. A. D. p. 31. V. H. Syn. Pl. VIIT f. 32.

Fresh or brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia (Tornea! Pited!) Finland, Lake Lojo, Abo! Hun-
gary, fossil (Grun.), New Zealand!

Var. boryana Pant. (1889). — V. capitate. L. 0,046 to 0,06; B. 0,017 to 002 mm. Strie
7,5 to 8,5 in 0,01 mm. radiate, coarsely punctate, puncta 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. Median strize
alternately longer and shorter. —. Pant. II p. 46.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

30. N. Placentula Eup. (1843). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,05
to 0,06; B. 0,016 to 0o2s mm. Axial area narrow, but distinct. Central area irregular, trans-
verse. Stria 6 to 9 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, coarsely lineate or punctate, shortened in
the middle, but not alternately longer and shorter. — Pinnul. Plac. Kus. Am. III: 7 f. 22. M. G.
XII f. 19. Grow. A. D. p. 34 Pl. IT f. 36. N. pusilla Donx. B.D. p. 20 Pl. IIT f. 6 6? N. Gastrum
v. Plac. V. H. Syn. p. 87 Pl. VIII f. 26, 28. WN. Gastrum f. minor. Grun. F. D. Ost. Ung. XXX f. 51.

Fresh water: Cassel »Polierschiefer> (Ehb.), Ireland Antrim Co.! Jenissey! New Zealand!
California! Oregon! Puerto Monte! Ecuador!

Var, lanceolata Grun. (1860). — V. broadly lanceolate. Ends not rostrate. L. 0,04; B. 0,016
mm. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — N. tumida var. lanceolata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 537 PL IV f. 44.
A. D. p. 34. ,

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! Skienitz See near Berlin (Grun.), Neusiedlersee (Grun.).

Nav. Placentula is very nearly akin to Nav. Gastrum, and it is questionable whether they
should not be united in one species. The median striz are in Nav. Gastrum, but not in Nav. Placen-
tula, alternately longer and shorter, but this characteristic is subject to great variation, the var.
Jenisseyensis having only a few, and the var. latiwscula no, shorter median strie. Of more im-
portance is it that Nav. Placentula has coarsely lineate, or almost punctate strie. Nav. anglica
is nearly akin to Nav. Gastrum and might be considered as a variety of it. There exists in fact
no limit between these three species; Nav. Placentula appears to be akin to Nav. leptostigma,
which has finer, distinctly punctate, strie and that to Nav. platystoma, the strie of which are
very finely punctate. On the other hand N. Placentula is by its coarsely punctate strie allied
to the section Punctate, among which Nav. amphibola is nearly akin to Nav. Placentula. Smaller

24 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

forms of Nav. Gastrum closely resemble smaller forms. of Nav. peregrina var. Menisculus, from
which they differ by the terminal strie being radiate throughout, but this characteristic is some-
times excedingly delicate.

32. N. leptostigma Ens. (1854). — V. elliptical, with more or less broad, rostrate ends.
L. 0,038 to 0,048; B. 0,015 to 0,02 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area large, orbicular.
Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, distinctly punctate (puncta about 22 in 0,01 mm.) in
the middle alternately larger and shorter. — Pinnul. leptost, Eup. M. G. XXXIII: 12 f. 25. Nav.
lept. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 37.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

33. N. platystoma Exp. (1838). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with broad, rostrate ends. L. 0,037
to 0,05; B. 0,017 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area large, transversely dilated, subrhomboidal.
Strie 17 in 0,01 mm., very finely lineate, radiate throughout. Among the median strie a few
shorter frequently occur. — Eus. Inf. 178 Pl. XI f. 8) M.G. XII f 66. Cy. A. D. p. 14
Pl. II f. 61. N. macromphala Scuum. Preuss. D. II N. p. 55 Pl. II f. 29 (1867)?

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Sweden (Lake Malaren, Gulf of Bothnia, Gotland in the
Baltic)! Mouth of Jenissey! Michigan!

Var. bengalensis Grun. Ms. —- V. subrhomboidal, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,03; B. 0,012
mm. Striz distinctly punctate.

Fresh water: Bengal (Grun.).

34. N. oviformis Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,045; B. 0,018 mm. Axial area
narrow, linear; central area large, orbicular. Strize 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, finely
lineate, not alternating in length in the middle. — Pl. IU f. 4.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck Coll.)!

35. N, arata Grun. (1882). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. L. 0,06 to 0,067; B. 0,018 to 0,02 mm. Axial area narrow; central area orbicular.
Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. closer towards the ends, all radiate and distinctly punctate. Across the
strie on each side of the median line are 3 to 4 narrow longitudinal clear areas. — N. Tuseula
v. arata Grun. F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 145 Pl. XXX-f. 58. Panv. III Pl. XXIII f. 342.

Brackish or fresh water: Hungary, Dubravica fossil (Grun.), Hudson River (Grun.).

This species can scarcely be a variety of N. tuscula, the terminal striz being radiate. It
seems rather to belong to the group of N. Gastrum.

36. N. Clementis Grun. (1882). — V. slightly asymmetrical, broadly lanceolate, with rostrate,
obtuse ends. L. 0,04 to 0,045; B. 0,012 to 0,015 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area small,
orbicular, with 2 isolated puncta on one side of the central nodule. Strie 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. in
the middle, where they are alternately longer and shorter, 16 in 0,01 mm. towards the ends. All
strie are strongly radiate and finely punctate. -- F. D, Ost. Ung. p. 144 Pl. XXX f. 52.

Fresh water: Dubravica, Hungary, fossil! Cheshire, England (V. H. T.).

This species is akin to N. Placentula and at the same time to N. Demerare of the section
Punctate, the latter having also isolated puncta on the central area.

37. N. arenarieformis Pant. (1889). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,02; B.0,011 mm. Axial
area distinct; central area small. Striz 12,5 in 0.01 mm., strongly radiate to the ends, the median
strie alternately longer and shorter. — Pant. II p. 42 Pl. VIII f. 140.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

38. N. Iudloviana A. S. (1876). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse, subtruncate ends. L. 0,09;
B. 0,03 mm. Axial area distinct, dilated around the central nodule. Striz 8 (middle) to 9 (ends)

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 24. w:0 3. 95

in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, finely lineate, the median alternately longer and shorter. —
Atl. XLVI f. 15.

Fresh water: Fort Ludlow (Atl.), Shasta Co. Calif., fossil! Oregon! Minnesota (interglacial
deposit)!

39. N. valida Ci. a. Grun. (1880). — V. slightly asymmetrical, elliptic-lanceolate. LL. 0,057
to 0,11; B. 0,022 to 0,026 mm. Axial area narrow, asymmetrical. Central area irregular, some-
what asymmetrical. Strie 7,5 to 8 in 0,01 mm., distinctly lineate, radiate throughout, the median
alternately longer and shorter. — A. D. p. 32 Pl. II f. 29. Cu. Vega p. 466.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. minuta Cu. (1883). — L. 0,025; B. 0,013 mm. Strie# 8 in 0,01 mm., not alternately
longer and shorter. — Vega p. 466.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var.? capensis Cu. — L. 0,056; B. 0,019 mm. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly lineate,
radiate throughout. Axial area symmetrical. Central area larger.

Marine: Cape of Good Hope!

The type is most nearly akin to N. Gastrum var. Jenisseyensis but has more distinctly
lineate strie. The var. capensis is very doubtful as a form of N. valida.

40. N. Hasta Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
subacute ends. L. 0,07 to 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. Axial area narrow, slightly dilated in the middle.
Strie 9 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate throughout and coarsely lineate. Among the median striz
some few shorter ones are intercalated. — Pant. III Pl. V f. 74; Pl. XIV fi 213.

Habitat?: Képecz, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

41. N. imperfecta Cri. (1883). — V. elliptical to elleptic-lanceolate, frequently with sub-
rostrate ends. L. 0,065; B. 0,03 mm. Axial area unilateral, narrow. Central area small. Striz
8 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, finely lineate and crossed by several longitudinal and undulating
narrow blank bands. — Vega p. 466 Pl. XXXVI f. 34.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

This form is very nearly akin to N. valida, from which it differs by its strie being
divided into 2 to 4 lengths, as the strie of N. maculosa Donk.

42. N. consors A. 8. (1876). — V. narrow elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,06 to 0,1;
B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area narrow; central area transverse, rectangular. Striz 8 in 0,01
mm., radiate throughout, finely lineate and crossed by 3 to 4 irregularly undulating, longitudinal
bands. — Atl. XLVIII f. 24, 25, 26, 27. N. Leudugeri Cu. Vega p. 505 Pl. XXXVI f. 22 (1883).
Marine: Ceylon! Samoa (Atl.), Sandwich Island (Atl.), Singapore (Atl.), Java!

43. N. (Rhoiconeis) genuflexa Kitz (1844). — V. convex, elliptic-linear, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,02 to 0,043; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, orbicular. Strie
18 in 0,01 mm., a little closer at the ends, radiate throughout. Frustule arcuate. L. 0,02 to 0,03;
Height 0,01. mm. — Bae. p. 101 Pl. XXI f. 6. Rhoiconeis genuflexa Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 147.

Marine: Peru (Grun.), New Zealand (Grun.), Port Jackson! Samoa! Labuan! Ceylon!

44. N, (Rhoiconeis) Bolleana Gruy. (1863). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,045 to 0,095; B. 0,01 to 0,011 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area large quadrate.
Strie 8 (middle) to 11 (ends) in 0,01 mm. not distinctly lineate, radiate throughout. Frustule
with broad connecting zone, arcuate. — Rhoiconeis Bolleana Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 147 Pl. IV f. 11.
A. §. Atl XLVII f. 18 (striz strongly punctate)? N. Index Tremp. a. Brun D. foss. du Japon
p. 44 Pl. V f. 5 (1889).

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 27. N:o 3. 4

26 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! Behrmgs Island!
Japan, fossil! Pacific Ocean (Grun.).

N. Bolleana has somewhat dissimilar valves, the concave having more strongly pants striae
than the convex. Original specimens of Nar. Index Temp. a. Brun are perfectly similar to
specimens of N. Bolleana, determined by GRunow.

45. N. incerta Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with slightly convex margins and obtuse ends.
L. 0,015; B. 0,oo6 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm., scarcely radiate.
— V. H. Syn. p. 107 Pl. XIV f. 43.

Marine: Belgium (V. H.).

A small form, remarkable for its coarse strie, unknown to the author. Its place in the
system is doubtful.

46. N. (Schizonema) corymbosa C. Aa. (1824). -V. narrow, lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,01;
B. 0,002 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strizw 23 in 0,01 mm. very slightly radiate. —-
Schizonema corymbosum Aa. Syst. Alg. p. 11. V. H. Syn. Pl. XVI f. 21.

Marine: Japan (Grun.).

The frustules live in hair-fine branched tubes.

47. N. (Schizonema) mollis W. Sm. (1856). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,027 to 0,032;
B. 0,006 to 0,oo7 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. radiate in
the middle, elsewhere parallel, finely lineate; lineole forming longitudinal strie. — Schizon. molle
W. Sm. B. D. I p. 77 Pl. LVIII f. 365. V. H. Syn. Pl. XV f. 22, 23. S. albicans V. H. Syn.
lc. f. 20.. 8. torquatum V. H. Syn. 1. c. f. 21.

Marine: Arctic Amercia, Cape Sabine! Bohuslin! North Sea! Adriatic!

The frustules are crowded in very branched, soft tubes, forming branches 15 to 30 emt. long.

A form intermediate between N. mollis and N. ramosissima is S. setaceum V. H. Syn. XV

f. 13. The frustules of this form live crowded in stiff, olive-green coloured, arborescent and very
branched tubes.

48. N. (Schizonema) nidulans Ct. (1892). — V. narrow linear-lanceolate. L. 0,026; B. 0,005
mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm., parallel. Frustules inhabit the
interior of marine alge. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 78 Pl. XII f. 12.

Marine: South coast of Australia, in the thallus of a Chylocladia, sent by Prof. J. AGARDH!

49. N. (Schizonema) ramosissima Ac. (1824). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,051 to 0,072; B. 0,01 to 0,oo8 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 12 to 13 in
0,01 mm. parallel, finely lineate, lineolee forming longitudinal strie, about 30 in 0,01 mm.

Forma caspia Grun. (1878). — I. 0,038 to 0,052; B. 0,007 to 0,008 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01
mm. — Casp. Sea Alg. p. 19 Pl. IV f. 21.

Brackish water: Caspian Sea (Grun.).

Forma genuina Cu. — L. about 0,05 mm. — Sehiz. ram. C. A. Syst. Alg. p. 11. V. H.
Syn. p. 110 Pl. XV f. 4, 5.

Marine: North Sea!

Forma amplia Grun. (1880). — L. 0,06 to 0,072; B. 0,007 to 0,oo8 mm. Striz 10 to 12 in
0,01 mm. — Schizon. amplius V. H. Syn. Pl. XV f. 3. — A. 8. N.S. D. III f. 5.

Marine: North Sea! Canada! Mauritius!

N. ramosissima lives enclosed in gelatinous tubes on the various forms of which a great
number of species and varieties has been founded (see GRruNow’s paper in Botan. Centralbl. 1880).
As mentioned above, this species is nearly akin to N. mollis, and on the other hand: to’ smaller
forms of N. directa var. subtilis, from which N. ramosissima can scarcely be distinguished.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3. 27

50. N. directa W. Sm. (1853). — V. narrow, gradually tapering from the middle to
the acute ends, about 10 times longer than broad. Central pores of the median line approxi-
mate. Axial area indistinct; central area small. Striz 4 to 11 in 0,01 mm., distinctly transversely
lineate.

Var. subtilis Grue. (1857). — L. 0,09 to 0,012; B. 0,008 mm. Strive 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm.,
finely lineate. — Pinn. subtilis Gruc. D. of Clyde p. 488 Pl. IX f. 19. N. directa car. subt. Cu.
Vega p. 467. Pinnul. acutiuscula Grue. T. M. 8S. IV p. 48 Pl. V f. 21 (1856)?

Marine: Iceland! Scotland (Greg.), Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. genuina Cur. — L. 0,07 to 0,125; B. 0,008 to 0,012 mm. Striz about 8 in 0,01 mm.,
finely lineate. — N. directa W. Sm. B. D. I p. 56 Pl. XVIII f. 172. A. S. Atl. XLVII f. 4, 5.
N. dir. v. angusta Grun. A. D. p. 39.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! North Sea! Yokohama! Arctic
America! Greenland!

Var. remota Grun. (1880). L. 0,16 to 0,2; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm., coarsely
lineate; lineole 17 to 21 in 0,01 mm. -- A. S. N.S. D. IID f. 2. Atl. XLVII ff. 1, 2, 8, 9. Pinn.
longa Grea. T. M. 8. IV p. 47 Pl. V f. 18 (1856)?

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Gulf of Mexico
(Atl.), Colon! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. Incus A. 8. (1876). —- L. 0,13 to 0,15; B. 0,018 mm. Central area on one side of the
central nodule dilated to a short longitudinal space. Strie 4 to 4,5 in 0,01 mm. Lineole about
24 in 0,01 mm. — N. Incus A. 8. Atl. XLVII f. 7.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Atl.), Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Colon!

Var. javamica Cu. — L. 0,15; B. 0,01 mm. Strive 5 in 0,01 mm. finely lineate.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

N. directa is a very variable species, of which I have seen strictly typical specimens only
from the Arctic Sea and the North Sea. Specimens from other localities are suspicious. As to
N. longa Gree. I have not seen any form accurately agreeing with the fig. of Gregory, which has
radiate strie. Pinnul. criophila Castrac. (Challenger Voyage D. p. 26 Pl. XV f. 2) is probably a
form of N. directa.

51. N. Kepesii Gruy. (1884). — V. linear, narrow. IL. 0,085 to 0,095; B. 0,oos mm. Areas
indistinct. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. transverse, finely lineate, forming oblique striz. — Franz
Jos. Land D. p. 103 Pl. I f. 37.

_ Marine: Franz Josefs-Land (Grun.).

52. N. jejuna A. 8S. (1876). — V. narrow, linear, with rounded or somewhat cuneate ends.
L. 0,1 to 0,12; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, elongated. Strive 5 in
0,o1 mm., parallel, or slightly radiate throughout, distinctly lineate. — Atl. XLVI f. 76. Casrnr.
Challenger Voy. p. 33 Pl. XX f. 12, XXVIII f. 11.

Marine: Java (Atl.), Sumatra (Grove Coll.)! Singapore! Macassar Straits! Japan!

53. N. trigonocephala Cu. (1883). — V. linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,01
to 0,012 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small. Strie 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm., almost
parallel, transversely lineate, crossed by several undulating, narrow longitudinal bands. — Vega
p-. 468 Pl. XXXVI f. 29.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

54, N. transitans Cx. (1883). — V. lanceolate, 4 to 6 times longer than broad. L. 0,065
to 0,09; B. 0,016 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, orbicular. Striz 7 to 9
in 0,01 mm. parallel, distinctly lineate. — Vega p. 467 Pl. XXXVI f. 31.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

28 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. derasa Grun. (1880). — Strie crossed on each side by a more or less narrow lateral area.
L. 0,055 to 0,067; B. 0,0145 to 0,015 mm. Strie 8,5 or 12 (middle) to 10 or 14 (ends) in 0,01 mm.
— NV. derasa Grun. A. D. p. 39 Pl. IL f. 46. WN. trans. v. derasa Cu. Vega p. 467 Pl. XXXVI f. 32.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema! Cape Deschneff!

Forma minuta. — L. 0,035; B. 0,012 mm. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. Vega p. 467
Pl. XXXVI f. 87.

Marine: Cape Deschneff!

Forma gracilenta Grun. (1880). — V. narrower, with prolonged ends. L. 0,065 to 0,075;
B. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Strie 10,5 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — N. derasa var.? gracilenta Grun. A. D. p. 40.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Var. incudiformis Grun. (1883). — Axial area unilateral, irregular, linear. Strie on the
side, opposite to the axial area, crossed by a more or less broad lateral area, usually uniting with
the central area. — N. incus v. abbreviata Gruy. A. D. p. 39 Pl. II f. 43. N. ineudiformis Gron.
in Cu. Vega p. 467 Pl. XXXVI f. 26, 30.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. erosa Cu. 1883. — Striz 7,5 to 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed by several narrow, undulating,
longitudinal bands. — N. erosa Cu. Vega p. 468 Pl. XXXVI f. 28.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. asymmetrica Cu. (1883). — Axial area unilateral, irregularly linear. Striz 9,5 in 0,01
mm. as in var. erosa. — N. asymmetrica Cu. Vega p. 468 Pl. XXXVI f. 27.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

55. N. finmarchica Ci. a. Gruy. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,03 to
0,042; B. 0,0115 to 0,013 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated to a short stauros. Strize 12
to 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, apparently smooth, crossed by a narrow, arcuate lateral area.
-- Stauronets finm. Cu. a. Gron. A. D. p. 47 Pl. IIT f. 63.

Marine: Finmark! Bohuslin!

It is difficult to find the proper place in the system for this little form. There is no
allied species in Stauroneis, nor any other naviculoid form, to which it seems to be related, with
the exception of N. transitans var. derasa f. minuta, from which it differs by its stauros and
apparently smooth strie. This form is neither a Mastogloia nor an Achnanthes, both valves
being similar.

56. N. kariana Grun. (1880). —- V. broadly lanceolate, slightly rostrate. L. 0,085 to 0,09;
B. 0,024 to 0,026 mm. Median line with approximate central pores. Axial area indistinct; central
area small, orbicular. Strie 12,5 to 14 in 0,01 mm., parallel, finely lineate; lineole forming longi-
tudinal striz, about 27 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 39 Pl. IL f. 44.

Marine: Frans Josefs Land! Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. detersa Grun. (1883). — Striw crossed by a more or less large lateral area. — Cu.
Vega p. 469 Pl. XXXVI f. 36. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 103 Pl. I f. 23, 24.

Marine: Franz Josefs-Land (Grun.), Cape Wankarema!

Var. frigida Grun. (1880). — L. 0,044 to 0,07; B. 0O,o12 to 0,013 mm. Strive 15 or 16
(middle) to 17 or 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm. very slightly radiate throughout, finely lineate; lineole
forming longitudinal strie, about 26 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 39. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 103
Pl. Lf. 25.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Franz Josefs-Land!

57. N. gelida Grun. (1884). — V. lanceolate, with slightly rostrate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,065;
B. 0,009 to 0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area very small, orbicular. Strie 9 to 12
in 0,01 mm., finely lineate; lineole not forming longitudinal strie. — Franz Jos. Land D.
p- 103 Pl. I f. 27, 28. N. kariana v. curta Cu. Vega p. 470 Pl. XXXVII f. 40 (1888).

Marine: Davis Strait! Franz Josefs-Land (Grun.), Cape Wankarema! Cape Deschneff!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 27. wn:0 3. 29

Var.? subimpressa Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,065; B. 0,016 mm. Striew 11 to 12
in 0,01 mm., crossed by a longitudinal line. — N. subimpr. Grun. A. D. p. 39 Pl. II f. 45.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

Var.? tenuis Cu. (1883). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with a longitudinal impression on both
sides of the median line. L. 0,038; B. 0,015 mm. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm., unilaterally interrupted
by a narrow transverse fascia. — N. subimpressa var. tenuior Cu. Vega D. p. 470 Pl] XXXVII f. 49.

Marine: Cape Deschneff!

58. N. irregularis Panv. (1889). — V. narrow, lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,126;
B. 0,021 mm. Axial area broad on one side of the median line, narrow on the other. Strie 7
to 10 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, alternately longer and shorter, on one side of the median line
crossed by a linear lateral area. — Panv. II p. 49 Pl. XXX f. 424.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

I have not seen this species, but to judge from the figure it seems to be akin to N. trunsi-
tans var. asymmetrica. Somewhat similar is N. primordialis Pant. (III Pl. XXV f. 382).

59. N. (Rhoiconeis) sibirica Grun. (1882). — V. lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,04 to 0,06;
B. 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area large, subquadrate. Strie 10 (at the ends 10 to
11) in 0,01 mm. almost parallel throughout, distinctly lineate. Frustules arcuate, with narrow
connecting zone. — Rhoiconeis Bolleana var.? sibirica Grun. in Cu. M. D. N:o 302. Cui. Vega
p. 469 Pl. XXXVII f. 38.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. asymmetrica Cu. 1883. — Axial area unilateral, narrow. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. —
N. Bolleana v. asym. Cu. Vega p. 469 Pl. XXXVII f. 39.
Var. mediterranea Cu. — V. narrow, rhombic-lanceolate acute. L. 0,1; B. 0,013 mm. Central

area rounded. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., distinctly lineate; lineole about 27 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Gulf of Naples!

N. sibirica resembles N. Bolleana, but differs by its more parallel striz and by the narrow
connecting zone. The N. Zostereti A. S. N. 8. D. IL f. 3 seems to belong to N. sibirica.

60. N. (Rhoiconeis) superba Cx. (1883). — V. rhomboidal with subacute ends. L. 0,06;
B. 0,02 mm. Axial area unilateral, more or less narrow. Central area small, somewhat trans-
verse. Striz 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., parallel, finely lineate, frequently crossed, on one side of the
median line by an irregular, narrow lateral area. — Vega p. 468 Pl. XXXVI f. 23.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. elliptica Cu. (1883). — V. elliptical. L. 0,065; B. 0,o2 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

The valves of this species seem to be somewhat dissimilar, the concave having more distant
strie, frequently crossed unilaterally by a narrow area.

61. N. (Rhoiconeis) obtusa Cu. (1882). — V. linear with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,055 to
0,075; B. 0,014 to 0,o1g mm. Axial area narrow, unilateral, irregular. Central area small. Strize
11 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle, and convergent at the ends, frequently crossed
by irregular longitudinal, narrow bands. — Cu. a. M. D. N:o 315 to 318. CL. Vega p. 469
Pl. XXXVI f. 25.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

62. N. ammophila Grun. (1882). — V. linear-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,017 to 0,03; B. 0,005
mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., finely lineate, in the
middle subradiate, at the ends transverse (12 to 13 in 0,01 mm.). — F. D. Ost. Ung. p. 149
Pl. XXX f. 66 to 69.

Marine and brackish: Coasts of England and Sweden (Grun.), Hungary, Tallya, fossil (Grun.).

30 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULUID DIATOMS.

Var. intermedia Grun. (1882). — Striz in the middle 12 to 13, at the ends 15 in 0,01 mm.
— XN. cancellata f. minuta Grun. A. D. p. 87 Pl. IL f. 41 (1880). WN. amm. f. minuta Grun. F. D.
Ost. Ung. p. 149 Pl. XXX f. 71 to 73. Panr. Il p. 41 Pl. XI f. 190.

Marine: Finmark (Grun.), North Sea (Grun.), Cape Deschneff! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. degenerans Grun. (1882). — L. 0,014 to 0,02; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Striz very finely
lineate, slightly radiate, 14 or 15 (middle) to 18 or 19 (ends) in 0,o1 mm. — Foss. D. Ost. Ung.
p. 149 Pl. XXX f. 74, 75.

Marine: Coasts of England (Grun.), Sweden! Hungary, fossil (Grun., Pant.).

Var. flanatica Grun. (1860). — V. lanceolate with attenuate, acute ends. L. 0,054; B. U,0v8
mm. Strie 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. —- N. flanatica Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 527 Pl. III f. 9. N. cancel-
lata v. scaldensis V. H. Syn. p. 86 Suppl. Pl. A f. 17. i

Marine: Belgium (V. H.), Adriatic (Grun.).

63. N. Beckii Panr. (1889). -- V. narrow, lanceolate with obtuse ends. L. 0.035; B. 0,008
mm. Axial area distinct; central area small. Strie 12,5 to 15 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle,
transverse at the ends. — Pant. II p. 42 Pl. XI f. 188.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

According to Pantocsek this form seems to be akin to N. ammophila.

64. N. cancellata Donk. (1873). — V..narrow, linear-lanceolate, convex, with subacute or
subeuneate ends. L. 0,06 to 0,09; B. 0,o12 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small. Striz
5,5 to 6,5, finely, but distinctly, lineate (lineolee about 18 in 0,01 mm.) slightly radiate in the
middle, transverse at the ends. — NV. truncata Donx. M. J. I p. 9 Pl. 1 f. 4 (1861). NN. cancellata
Dons. B. D. p. 55 Pl. VITIT f. 4 a, 6b. — A. S. N.S. D. IL f. 36, 387. Atl. XLVI f. 29, 30. V. H.
Syn. p. 86 Suppl. Pl. A f. 16. W. canc. v. genwina a. impressa Gruy. A. D. p. 36. N. fortis?
A. 8. Atl XLVI f. 36. N. impressa Laest. Boh. D. p. 33 f. 3. A. 8. Atl. XLVI f. 31, 34.

Marine: Finmark! Sea of Kara! Greenland! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Bab el Mandeb!
Madagascar! Labuan! China! Galapagos Islands!

. Var. maroccana Cu. — L. 0,095; B. 0,016 mm. Striz 5 in 0,01 mm. coarsely lineate; lineolie
about 23 in 0,01 mm., crossed at the ends (below the margin) by a broad and short blank space.

Marine: Morocco!

The blank space at the ends of the valve is visible ide in the zonal view.

Var. Gregorit Ratrs (1861). — V. lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,007 to O0,0075.
Strie 6,5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — Pinnul. apiculata Gree. M. J. III p. 41 Pl. IV f. 21 (1855)? Wy.
Gregorit Ratrs Pritch Inf. p. 901. N. cane. v. Greg. Grun. A. D. p. 87. A. S. Atl. XLVI
f. 41, 42, 71, 72.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! North Sea (Atl.), Baltic (Atl.), Cape Deschneff! Sand-
wich Islands! New Caledonia! Tahiti! Kerguelen’s Land! Galapagos Islands!

Var. retusa Bres. (1854). — V. narrow, linear, with rounded or subcuneate ends. L. 0,05
to 0,075; B. 0,0075 to 0,011 mm. Striz 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. -- N. retusa Bris. D. de Cherb. f. 6.
Donk. M. J. I (N. 8.) p. 14 Pl. I f. 17 (1861) B. D. p. 64 PL X £3. A.S. N.S. D. PLIL£ 30.
Atl. XLVI f. 45, 46, 74, 75. WN. cancellata v. Schmidtii Grun. A. D. p. 36. N. retusa v. subretusa
V. H. Syn. p. 77 Suppl. A f. 10 (V. H. T. No 74).

Marine: Spitsbergen! North Sea! Baltic (Atl), Cape Deschneff!

N. retusa Grun. in A. D. p. 38 is another species, Pinnularia? ambigua OL. KN “retus
V. H. Syn. seems to be another form, as the striz are described as smooth. The figures of Bru-
BissoN and Donkin are insufficient, so that it is doubtful, what the original N. retusa may be.

Var. subapiculata Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with apiculate ends.’ L. 0,03 to 004; B. 0,006
to 0,oos mm. Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — WN. Gregortt A. S. N.S. D. ID f. 22. A.S. Atl. XLVI
f. 66 to 68. NV. cancell. v. subapic. Grun. A. D. p. 37.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Baltic (Atl), Firth of Tay (AtL.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 81

65. N. inflexa Gree. (1856). — V. narrow, elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse, conical ends.
L. 0,033 to 0,045; B. 0,0075 to 0,o0o85 mm. Axial area indistinct, central area small, rounded. Striz
11 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate throughout, distinctly lineate; lineole 23 in 0,01 mm. — Pinn.

infleca Grue. T. M. S. IV p. 48 Pl. V f. 20. ™. inflera Donx. B. D. p. 54 Pl. VIII f. 2. A. S.
Atl. XLVI f. 69, 70.

Marine: Sea of Kara! North Sea!

N. infleca v. Biharensis Pant. II p. 48 Pl. III f. 36 from Bremia seems to be another
species, as it has scarcely any resemblance to N. inflexa.

66. N. northumbrica Donk. (1861). — V. very convex, narrow lanceolate, with acute ends.
L. 0,046 to 0,076; B. 0,008 to 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, rounded. Strie
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. (the median stronger and more distant) very slightly radiate in the middle,
transverse at the ends, lineate; lineole 25 in 0,01 mm. Frustule quadrate. — Donk. M. J. I p. 9
Pl. T£ 5. B. D, p, 54 Pl, VIL £1, A, 8. XLVIL £ 19, 20.

- Marine: North Sea!

This species is remarkable for the extreme convexity of its valves, from which cause it is

very difficult to find a specimen in the valvular view.

67. N. (Rhoiconeis) Cubitus Temp. a. Brun (1889). — V. very convex, linear-lanceolate
with acute, excavate ends. I. 0,09 to 0,095; B. 0,013 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area
a narrow, transverse fascia, arising from the two distant median strie. Terminal areas large,
triangular spaces (visible only in the zonal view). Striz 6 in 0,01 mm., parallel, coarsely lineate;
lineole 21 in 0,01 mm. Frustule arcuate. — D. foss. du Japon p. 42 Pl. V f. 8.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

68. N. Zostereti Gruy. (1860). — V. slightly convex, narrow lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,065
to 0,14; B. 0,011 to 0,o22 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area very small, orbicular. Strie
7 in 0,01 mm. (a little more close towards the ends) transverse, and slightly curved, lineate; lineole
23 in 0,01 mm. — Verh. 1860 p. 528 Pl. [V f. 23. A.S. Atl. XLVIT f. 42, 438, 44.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.), Bab el Mandeb! Ceylon! Labuan! Java! China! Japan (Atl.),
Sandwich Islands (Atl.), Brazil (Atl.), Atlantic City, fossil!

Var. seychellensis Cu. — L. 0,065; B. 0,011 mm. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)!

N. Zostereti is very similar to N. directa, but has more convex valves and slightly radiate,
strie curved towards the ends, finely lineate.

69. N. spuria Cu. N. Sp. — V. rarrow, lanceolate, acute. LL. 0,09 to 0,15; B. 0.013 to 0,021
mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, irregularly rounded. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., slightly
radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, coarsely lineate; lineole 21 to 24 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Naples)! Adriatic! New Caledonia (Kinker Coll.)! Gala-
pagos Islands (Weissflog Coll.)!

Var. asymmetrica Cit. — Axial area narrow, unilateral. Striz on the side opposite to the
axial area, crossed by an irregular, narrow lateral area. L. 0,15; B. 0,022 mm. Striz 6 in 0,01
mm., lineole 27 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Karnaud Deposit in Deby Coll.)!

N. spuria resembles N. directa, from which it differs by its slightly radiate striz, and
N. pennata, from which it differs by its small central area. From N. Zostereti it may be distin-
guished by its coarsely lineate strie and from N. distans by its indistinct axial area.

70. N. fortis Gree. (1856). — V. very convex, elliptic- to rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,05
to 0,089; B. 0,01 to 0,o17 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, orbicular. Strie 8 to 9
in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, coarsely lineate; lineole 24 in

32 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

O,or mm. — Pinn. fortis Grea. T. M. S. IV p. 47 Pl. V f. 19. ™. fortis Donk. B. D. p. 57 Pl. VIII
f. 8. A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 37 to 39. Pinn. constricta O’Muara M. J. VII p. 17 Pl. V f. 8 (1867).
Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Greenland!

71. N. Formentere Cx. (1881). — V. elliptic-lanceolate obtuse. L. 0,03 to 0,037; B. 0,013
to 0,o15 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area large quadrate. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout, coarsely lineate; lineolee about 24 in 0,01 mm. -— N. Fromentere Cu. N. R. D. p. 10
Pl. Il f. 24. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 383. A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 7 (without name).

Marine: Balearic Islands! Campeachy Bay (Atl).

72. N. satura A. 8. (1876). — V. narrow elliptical, with rounded ends. I. 9,075; B. 0,021
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area large. Terminal nodules very distant from the ends.
Striz 5,5 in 0,01 mm. parallel, coarsely punctate..— Atl. XLVI f. 27.

Marine: Cape of Good Hope (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit).

73. N. erucifera Grun. (1876). — V. broadly linear, with apiculate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,07;
B. 0,017 to 0,019 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area large, quadrate. Striz 5 to 6 in
0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, coarsely lineate; lineole 22 in 0,01 mm. In the zonal view
the frustule is quadrate and has irregularly triangular terminal areas or blank spaces. — N. ro-
stellata A. 8. N.S. D. Pl. IL f. 31 (1874). ™. erucifera Grun. A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 50—53 (1876).
N. apiculata var. maculifera Grun. A. D. p. 37 (1880). N. bicuspidata Cu. a. Grun. N. R. D. p. 10
Pl. II f. 25 (1881).

Marine: North Sea! Baltic (Atl.), Naples! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)!

This species is considered to be the same as N. apiculata Bris. Diat. de Cherbourg 1859 f. 5
and Pinn. rostellata Grea. D. of Clyde Pl. TX f. 20 (1857), but these figures shew no central area.

74. N. Seoliopleura A. S. (1876). — V. linear, with apiculate ends. L. 0,083; B. 0,0167
mm. Median line slightly flexuose, with distant terminal nodules. Axial area narrow, linear;
central area large, somewhat transverse. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm., parallel throughout (finely lineate?)

— Atl. XLVI f. 63.
Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

75. N. solaris Grea. (1856). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. I. 0,038 to 0,114 mm. Axial area
narrow; central area small, orbicular. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate throughout. —
T. M. 8. IV p. 43 Pl. V f. 10.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.).

This form is entirely unknown to me. To judge from the figure it has some resemblance
to N. botinica, but if it be N. bottnica, the fig. is very far from accurate. In A. 8S. Atl. XLVI
f. 16 is a form from New Providence named N. solaris? but the striation is much too coarse for
the N. solaris of Gree.

76. N. centraster Cr. N. Sp. — V. convex, linear lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,07 to 0,113
B. 0,012 to 0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct, or narrow and unilateral. Central area large,
orbicular. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate in the middle, where they are more distant,
transverse at the ends, finely lineate; lineole about 30 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 35.

Marine: Japan! Madagascar! Auckland!

This species resembles N. infleca Gree. but has more distant, and very finely lineate, strie.

77. N. pennata A. 8. (1876). — V. linear-lanceolate, subacute. Li. 0,068 to 0,095; B. 0,011
to 0,014 mm. Terminal fissures small, close to the ends of the valve. Axial area narrow or
indistinct; central area large, quadrate. Strie 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, coarsely
lineate; lineole 20 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XLVIII f. 41, 42, 43.

Marine: Morocco! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic (Atl.), Hungary, fossil! Gulf of Mexico
(Atl.), West Indies! Pensacola, Florida!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 33

Var. maxima Cu. — V. narrow, rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,12 to 0,17; B. 0,021 to 0,024 mm.
Axial area narrow, unilateral. Strie 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm., coarsely lineate; lineole 17 to 18 in
0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 36.

Marine: Adriatic! Gulf of Naples! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Indian Ocean (Deby Coll.)!

Var. Kinkeri Pant. (1889). — V. slightly sigmoid. L. 0,1 to 0,109; B. 0,016 to 0,018 mm.
Strie 5 in 0,01 mm., coarsely lineate. — N. Kinkeri Panr. II p. 49 Pl IX f. 169. Scoliopleura
Szakalensis Pant. II p. 55 Pl. VIII f. 154.

Marine: Petersburg, Va. foss.! Szikal, Hungary, fossil!

78. N. pinnata Panr. (1889). — V. narrow, lanceolate. L. 0,062; B. 0,0125 mm. Axial
area distinct; central small. Strie 7,5 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle, transverse at
the ends, coarsely lineate. — Pant. II p. 52 Pl. XX f. 308.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

_ I have not seen this species, which appears to differ from N. pennata principally by its
less radiate strie and the more distinct axial area.

79. N. consanguinea Cx. C. Sp. — V. convex, linear lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,10 to 0,12;
B. 0,015 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area large, quadrate. Terminal fissures bayonet-
shaped, distant from the ends of the valve. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm.,, slightly radiate throughout,
not distinctly lineate. — A. 8. N.S. D. Pl. II f. 32 (without name).

Marine: North Sea (A. S.), Morocco!

80. N. compressicauda A. 8. (1874). — V. very convex, lanceolate, obtuse, with elevated
conical ends. L. 0,11 to 0,19; B. 0,024 mm. Median line with distant terminal nodules, which
are strongly marked. Axial area very narrow; central area orbicular. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, indistinctly lineate. — N. 8. D. p. 91 Pl. II f. 35.
Atl. XLVI f. 62.

Marine: North Sea! Morocco! Balearic Islands! Sendai, Japan, fossil (Brun.).

81. N. annulata Gruy. (1880). — V. rhomboidal, obtuse, flat. L. 0,05 to 0,076; B. 0,025
to 0,03 mm. Median line with somewhat distant central pores and terminal pores approximate
to the ends. Axial area very narrow; central area large, transverse. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, apparently smooth, crossed at the ends of the valve by a semicircular blank narrow
space. — A. D. p. 37. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 38.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

This species is an isolated form, the systematic place of which is doubtful. It is no Ach-
nanthes, both valves being similar.

82. N. (Alloioneis) mediterranea Br. a. Cu. (1891). — V. very convex, linear, obtuse,
asymmetrical: L. 0,09 to 0,13; B. 0,o012 to 0,o018 mm. Median line excentric. Axial area in-
distinct or narrow. Central area small, unilateral. Striz 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., very finely lineate.
crossed at least on one side of the valve by one to three narrow, undulating blank bands. —
— Brun D. espéces nouv. p. 35 Pl. XV f. 11. Icon. n. Part. I Pl I f. 32, 33.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples! Indian Ocean (Deby Coll.)! Sydney (Brun.).

Nav. mediterranea Kirz is a small form, not determinable by the fig. in Bac. Pl. III f. 17.
N. medit.. Grun. 1874 belong to the genus Diploneis. The figure in Brun’s D. esp. is not quite
characteristic, the asymmetry being not sufficiently marked.

83. N. (Alloioneis) scalarifer Brun (1891). — V. narrow, fusiform, acute, very convex and
somewhat asymmetrical. L. 0,085 to 0,1; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Median line with distant terminal
nodules. Axial area linear, unilateral. Strie 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm., parallel throughout, finely

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. Ni:o 3. 5

34 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

lineate and crossed by an infra-marginal lateral area. V. in the zonal view slightly constricted
in the middle with broad, obliquely truncate ends. Strie crossed by a broad lateral area. —
D. espéces N. p. 88 Pl. XV f. 4.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun.).

84. N. (Alloioneis) vitriscala Brun (1891). — V. narrow, fusiform, acute, very convex.
L. 0.2 to 0,22; B. 0,015 to 0.o22 mm. Median line slightly undulating; terminal nodules distant.
Axial and central areas uniting in a narrow, lanceolate space. Strie fragmentary, finely lineate.
V. in zonal view broad, not constricted in the middle, with obliquely truncate ends, where are
large terminal areas, having in their centre a stigma. Along the interior margin is a band of
parallel not interrupted strie (14 in 0,01 mm.) outside which the strie are fragmentary. —
D. esp. n. p. 41 Pl. XV ff. 5.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

85. N. superimposita A. S. (1874). — V. lanceolate (occasionally with slightly undulated
margins) with obtuse ends. L. 0,058 to 0,125; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Terminal nodules distant.
Axial area narrow; central area large, quadrate. Striz 5,5 to 7 in 0,01 mm., finely lineate, slightly
radiate and crossed by a longitudinal area. — N. 8. D. p. 90 Pl. ID f. 34. Atl. XLVI f. 61.
Perag. D. de Villefr. p. 53 Pl. IIT f. 29?

Marine: Baltic (A. 8.), Norway! Morocco! China!

86. N. Sigma Brun (1891). — V. very convex, lanceolate, sigmoid, with obtuse ends. L.
0,12 to 0,17; B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Axial area narrow, linear; central area large, quadrate. Median
line with approximate central pores and distant terminal nodules. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., slightly
radiate, coarsely lineate (lineole 17 in 0,01 mm.), crossed by a lateral area. V. in zonal view
broad, with obliquely truncate ends, slightly constricted middle, and with a very broad lateral
area. — D. espéces n. p. 39 Pl. XVI f. 5.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Messina (Brun), Athens (Brun).

87. N. Phi Cru. N. Sp. — V. convex, narrow, lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,08; B. 0,015 mm.
Axial area narrow, unilateral; central area large, uniting with the lateral areas. Median line
with somewhat distant central pores and comma-like terminal fissures. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate throughout, coarsely lineate; lineole 24 in 0,01 mm. The striz are crossed on each side
of the median line by a moderately broad, linear lateral area and probably also by another infra-
marginal area. — Pl. I f. 34.

Marine: Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)!

This species is very similar to Caloneis biseriata Prtrt, which has smooth strie.

88. N. Galea Brun (1891). — V. broadly elliptical, with rostrate ends, convex. L. 0,06 to
to 0,075; B. 0,03 to 0,o35 mm. Median line with approximate central pores and somewhat distant
termina] nodules. Axial area narrow; central area large, quadrate, uniting with the lateral
areas. Strize 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout, coarsely lineate and crossed by broad,
linear, lateral areas. — D. espéces n. p. 34 Pl. XVI f. 7.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Palermo, Tangier, Arzila (Brun).

89. N. guttata Grun. (1878). — V. very convex with conical ends, elliptic-lanceolate,
obtuse. IL. 0,057 to 0,06; B. 0,011 to 0,014 mm. Median pores approximate. Axial area indistinct;
central area large, somewhat transverse and quadrate. Strie 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate,
crossed by 3 to 4, irregularly undulating, narrow lateral areas, so that they have the appearance
of being composed of 3 to 4 elongated large puncta. Lineation of the striz fine. — Cu. M. D.
N:o 154 to 155. A. 8. Atl. XLVI f. 10 (without name).

Marine: Balearic Islands! Sansego (Atl.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 24. w:o 3. 35

Var. maxima Cu. — V. less convex, lanceolate, acute. L. 0,13; B. 0,03 mm. Striz 6,5 in
0,01 mm. almost parallel, composed of about 7 elongated puncta, lineate, lineole about 27 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Brun’s Coll.)!

Var.? Peragalli Brun (1891). — V. rhomboidal, acute; the axial part forming a distinct keel
especially towards the ends. L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. 0,025 to 0,030 mm. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm, slightly
radiate, composed of about 7 elongated puncta, crossed by fine lineole, about 27 in 0,01 mm. —
N. Peragalli Brun D. espéces n. p. 87 Pl. XVI f. 12.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Athens (Brun).

90. N. (Alloioneis) Monodon Brun (1891). — V. very convex, narrow, rhombic-lanceolate,
subacute. L. 0,06 to 0,09; B. 0.011 mm. Central nodule strong, elevated with a pore in the
middle. Terminal nodules distant. Axial area asymmetrical narrow, slightly dilated around the
central nodule. Striz 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. crossed by undulating, narrow, longitudinal areas. V.
in zonal view broad, slightly constricted in the middle, with obliquely truncate ends. Central
nodule forming a conical projection, perforated by a tube. Strize composed of elongated puncta.
— Diat. espéces n. p. 86 Pl. XVI f. 8.

Marine: Japan (Brun)!

This is one of the most remarkable naviculoid diatoms, diverging from all other known
forms by its central nodule, forming a conical, perforated projection on the outside of the valve.

91. N. distans W. Sm. (1853). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. L. 0,09 to 0,13; B. 0,017 to 0,o2 mm. Axial area gradually dilated towards the
middle, where it expands to a large, rounded quadrate space. Strie 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout, strongly lineate; lineole 21 in 0,01 mm. — Pin. distans W. Sm. B. 1. 1 p. 56
Pl. XVIII f. 169. WN. distans A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 11 to 14. N.S. D. II f. 38 (without name).
V. H. Syn. p. 87 Suppl, Pl. A f. 18. WN. dist. v. borealis Grun. A. D. p. 38 Pl. Il f. 42.

Marine: Frans Josefs Land (Grun.), Spitsbergen! Finmark! Greenland! North Sea!

N. distans seems to belong to the Arctic Sea and Northern Atlantic. I have not seen
typical specimens from other seas.

92. N. subalata Grow. (1880). — V. lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,08; B. 0,02 mm. Median line
with approximate central pores and distant terminal nodules. Axial area linear distinct. Central
area large, somewhat transverse. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, transversely lineate;
lineole 22 in 0,01 mm. The strie in the middle do not reach the margin, so that the valve
seems there to be bordered by a hyaline rim. — A. D. p. 38. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 32.

Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)!

An original sketch by Grunow agrees perfectly with the specimen in Van Heurck Collec-
tion, which has distinctly lineate striae. According to Grunow they are smooth.

93. N. salva A. S. (1876). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes with slightly triundulated
margins and subrostrate ends. L. 0,088 to 0,06; B. 0,02 to 0,022 mm. Median pores approximate;
terminal nodules distant. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area large, quadrate. Strie 8 in
0,01 mm. radiate throughout. — Atl. XLVI f. 23.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Florida!

94. N. opima Grun. (1867). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,06
to 0,11; B. 0,017 to 0,025 mm. Central pores approximate; terminal fissures almost straight,
large, at some distance from the ends of the valve. Axial area broad, linear. Central area large,
orbicular. Strize 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm., more distant in the middle; strongly radiate throughout,
lineate; lineole 24 in 0,01 mm. — N. fortis var.? opima Grun. Novara p. 100 Pl. I Af. 13. WN.
opima A. 8. Atl. XLVI f. 24, 25, 26. N. fortis A. 8. Atl. XLVI f. 19, 20, 21, 22.

Marine: Greenland! Davis Straits! Grip in Norway! Baltic (Atl.), Barcelona!

we

36 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

95. N. Rhaphoneis (Exp. 1854?) Gron. (1866). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,027; B. 0,011
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, trans-
verse at the ends, coarsely lineate; lineole about 20 in 0,01 mm. — Pinnularia Rhaph. Eup. M. G.
XXXV: 9, f. 7? N. Rhaph. Grun. Novara p. 19. Icon. n. Pl. I f. 30. MN. Pacifica Grun. Nov.
Pl. I f. 17.

Marine: Samoa! Tahiti (Grun.), Jamaica!

96. N. Bruchii Gru. (1881). — V. lanceolate, acute. L. 0.044 to 0,06; B. 0,012 to 0,018
mm. Axial and central areas uniting in a narrow, lanceolate space. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm. abbreviate,
and radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, lineate; lineole 18 in 0,01 mm. The strize are
crossed by a narrow longitudinal band. — Cu. N. R. D. p. 13 Pl. IIT f. 35.

Marine: Labuan! Manila (Deby Coll.)! China (Thum.)? Tahiti (Grun.).

97. N. multiseriata Grun. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with protracted ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,012
mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, crossed by two
narrow longitudinal bands. — Cu. N. R. D. p. 13 Pl. IIL f. 36.

Marine: Tongatabu (Grun.).

98. N. Amicorum Grun. Ms. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, acute. L. 0,0155 to 0,038; B. 0,008
to 0,015 mm. Central pores approximate. Axial and central areas uniting in a lanceolate space.
Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, coarsely lineate. Lineole 20 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. If. 31.

Marine: Tahiti! Galapagos Islands!

Var. madagascarensis Cu. — V. lanceolate. L. 0,065; B. 0,013 mm. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate in the middle, elsewhere parallel.

Marine: Madagascar (V. H. Coll.)!

99. N. nicwensis Pzrac. (1888). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,055; B. 0,015 mm.
Axial and central areas uniting in a lanceolate space. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout,
ogranulate». — D. de Villefr. p. 46 Pl. II f. 8.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Peragallo).

100. N. Platessa Cu. (1881). — V. broadly lanceolate, with acuminate ends. L. 0,028 to
0,03; B. 0,015 to 0,018 mm. Median pores approximate. Terminal nodules distant. Axial and
central areas uniting a large, lanceolate space. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. lineate, lineole 20 in 0,01
mm. — N. R. D. p. 9 PL If. 12.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

101. N. Sti Thome Cr. (1878). — V. lanceolate with triundulated margins and rostrate ends.
L. 0,055 to 0,061; B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Central pores approximate, terminal nodules near the
margin. Axial and central areas uniting in a large, lanceolate space, considerably dilated in
the middle. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, distinctly lineate. — West Ind. D. p. 6
Pl. If. 4.

Marine: West Indies!

102. N. Jamalinensis Cu. (1880). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,03 to
0,065; B. 0,016 to 0,027 mm. Median pores approximate; terminal nodules very distant from the
ends. Axial and central area uniting in a very large, lanceolate space. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm.
radiate throughout, coarsely lineate; lineole about 20 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 13 Pl. ID f. 40.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! China! Indian ocean (Grove Coll.)!

Var. simievulius Brun (1891). — L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,024 to 0,03 mm. Strie 5 in 0,01 mm.
Median line somewhat asymmetrical. Area with a large dot on each side of the median line. —
N. simievultus Brun D. espéces n. p. 39 Pl. XVI f. 13.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3. 37

Var. schizostawron Cu. — L. 0,038; B. 0,02 mm. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm. Lineole 20 in 0,01
mm. Central nodule lyriformly dilated.
Marine: China (Thum.)!

103. N. Chi Cu. N. Sp. — V. broad, constricted in the middle, with apiculate ends. L. 0,05;
B. 0,027, at the constriction 0,021 mm. Central pores approximate, terminal nodules near the ends.
Axial and central areas uniting in a large space, crossed by faint continuations of the striz.
Strie 9 (middle) to 12 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, transverse at the ends, very
finely lineate. — Pl. I f. 29.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples!

This form may easily be mistaken for N. Exul, but it has no axial band of strie. Besides,
the striz are very finely lineate.

Additional.

104. N. Aquitanie Brun a. Herre. (1893). — V. narrow elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse
ends. L. 0,17 to 0,24; B. 0,034 to 0,045 mm. Axial area in width about a third of the breadth
of the valve, lanceolate, slightly dilated in the middle. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in
the middle, where some few are shorter than the others, convergent and genuflexed in the ends,
punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. — D. d’Auvergne p. 81 Pl. II f. 4.

Brackish water: Auvergne, fossil!

A very remarkable species, the terminal striw of which are genuflexed as in N. oblonga.
Varies with undulating margins (var. wndulata Brun). At the inner ends of the strie there is a
narrow blank band or depression.

105. N. basalte proxima Brun a. Hérip. (1893). — V. linear, with cuneate ends and
parallel or slightly concave margins. L. 0,075 to 0,09; B. 0,014 to 0,018 mm. Axial area narrow,
dilated to a large central area. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle, convergent in the
ends, finely punctate. — D. d’Auvergne p. 89 Pl. II f. 5.

Brackish water: Auvergne, fossil!

Navicule Punctatee.

Valve usually symmetrical, elliptical to,lanceolate, with broad and rounded or, frequently,
rostrate ends, rarely constricted in the middle, or with undulate margins. Median line usually
central; central nodule not stauroid or dilated in lyriform processes; terminal fissures turned in
the same or, sometimes, in contrary, directions. Axial area narrow or indistinct. Central area
usually small, rarely transverse, and never dilated to a transverse fascia. Structure: distinct
puncta arranged in transverse rows (striz) radiate at the ends and in the middle of equal or
unequal length, and, besides in longitudinal, undulating, rarely straight, rows. No longitudinal
lines or lateral areas (except in N. carinifera and N. interlineata). Connecting zone not complex,
usually narrow. Cell-contents unknown.

This section, characterized by the distinct puncta composing the striz, comprises two, not
sharply distinct, divisions — forms with the median strie of equal length, and forms with the median
strie alternately longer and shorter. The former division is very nearly akin to the Lyrate,
which differ in the lateral areas. In many forms of the Punctatz there is a tendency to form
lateral depressions or areas, where the puncta are less crowded, which suggests a passage to such
forms of Lyrate as N. irrorata, N. fluitans and others. Some forms are distinctly intermediate
between the two sections, as WN. carinifera.

38 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

The division, comprising forms with the median strie of equal length, is not to be con-
sidered as a series of forms starting from the same point as the Lyrate, but rather as a parallel
row of allied forms. For instance the following forms may be regarded as nearly connected:

Lyrate. Intermediate. Punctate.
N. Lyra. N. carinifera. N. scandinavica.
N. connectens. N. concilians. N. diffusa.
N. Schaarschmidtii. N. transfuga.
N. fluitans. N. transfuga var. Neupaveri-
N. abrupta. NV. granulata.

There seems also to be some connection between the Punctate and the Lineolate. Thus
NV. amphibola is no doubt akin to N. Gastrum. Several species of Cymbella, which have distant
puncta (C. aspera, C. mexicana etc.) seems also to be related to Punctate, but they have broader
axial areas. The same is also the case with the Entoleia, among which are some coarsely punc-
tate forms.

With the Microsticte the connection is less evident, the forms of that section generally
having the puncta closer than the striw. In the Mesoleie there are also some small forms,
which might be placed in this section, for instance N. nivalis and others.

The Heterostiche are apparently akin to the forms of the division, which have the mediar
strie alternately longer and shorter, but they have a finer punctation and the striz are closer
towards the ends.

Most forms of the section Punctatz are marine, a few only living in fresh water. Some
are decidedly inhabitants of brackish water. They occur in all zones and seas.

Artificial key.

Valve symmetrical. . . ‘ Seat ty eBRUSS Bla hah a ode aed ches Bh
1.
{ — asymmetrical ..... F a) a Teh ae eae wh ee 2.
9 oe broad a a acy @ ee @ aoe w & So oe _N. Grundleri Cu. a. Grun.
‘ \Ends acute .... Beta ate waite duluawae ed « Givi de x . .. N. Lunula Cu. .
3 ie of equal length Bane | ela, “a Oak ie th ALG uaa 4 ote ce ae SE
: — -— unequal — (at least in the middle)... . re ied. oan va, Sa. AB
Ends cuneate... 2... 0... ee ee bene .N. Eta Cu. (N. humerosa var.).
4, — rostrate. ...... Sieg 5
— not cuneate or rostrate . Bsa eee Suess ae ee ee wets ay SOE
Strie 8 to 9in 01 mm. ...... etc bath tee inn We GAS 6 Aa 6
5. — 12 _ — D Sede, geld. + Race lla shat Ge aati at ag? at ok Ge ig) fe a 7.
— 16 _— _— el NS eta) dot aed ee coda dal dee Go Tek aes tne, Sones aletee fu 8.
6 eg fissures in the same directions ........ , N. humerosa Bris.
: _— — —contrayy — «........, - ae... NM. Alpha Cn.
7 ie 08mm. ........ Feces e> ik Gh ater che be bare . . . N. Delta Cu.
7 NG O207 MMe eo caked So lB, tage eed oe a ea ae eae N. Xi Ou.
8 a about: Qfoa mms: 4.6 ewe Aa aR ee OG eR a N. pusilla W. Sm.
“ \L. about 009 mm... .... 7.0. Bae * BR eage> « St aed . N. Delawarensis Garon.
9 ay elliptical . . . sth Bip ches ee wake Daas dies, LO)
; — lanceolate. ... . F a has : i ter SEL wees ee Mee .. 14.
Puncta elongated ...... «ssa. ; ot, List, de Ge ds ye N. Maeandrina Cu.
10. {
—_ TOUNA: | ow ek eA oe ee a RO Se en 11.
iW { Length about 003 mm. .. 1... 2... ee bore Re. emi ey ty BS 12.
i —_ =) 007 MMs fee.) Were a hoe) ok ea ie. eee Re ales ed . 18.
12 (eo strie more coarsely punctate than the others. .. . ... . N. seintillans A. S.
: = — not — _— — HE is ee . N. scutelloides W. Sm.
18 ee central area, ke a eA Re N. neogradensis Panv.
* | With _ a0 i) -dn tae ee ® gen «Boch Ee ... WN. algida Gron.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 27. w:o 3,

tomes aboutOd ‘Wits ys ee aa SR ee ee ate Sse a -eataae 15.
SOG MMe he oe wes ie ete ode Clad es ee ea a ee
eee 8 in Oo mM. eee we Ge ea we gs N. latissima Gree.
BT ve eee ge Ln hh dee om Sie uta ad aE Sasa Pr catia Be dey a vs N. My Cu.
og area bordered with a circlet of elongated puncta......... . N. Zeta Cu.
— not ae —_ _ _ SS ter send oa OLS
eas area large. . . eA MW E> eR fac a ae ee ee N. Febigerii Cu.
8M! as Abe we ee By sae eats N. Newmayeri Pant.
Valve biconstricted .. Ge. «ether eatin ... WN. Nove Guineensis Temp.
\~ constricted in the middle .... .. sn Hedy) rs Sak ate a . 19.
not constricted ....... Meee cae. Rp rane Aes 21.
Puncta large, irregular... . Mm hid SON he be eden ta ee N. bilobata Levup. Fort.
re arranged in transverse rows. . . Sy Re te ped iy Se pat lat Meee 20.
ree rows of puncta 6 in 0,01 mm...... ox a ceylanensis Leup. Fort.
_ - RB -—- — ©. .... . 2... N. sublyrata Grun.
Valve rostrate. .. 2... .. 048. gd: whine be epam °c y chy Gi5% 22.
Se not—- . ..... dhs A gma eine ath, ks Sat 64481:
Central area large ... 2... 1. 2. eae Be a a weg . 23.
ae — small or indistinct ... . seis, BN) 9 RR ee See caret ese . 26.
Puncta closer than the strie.... . ; a: amphibola Cu. (N. Galikit Pant.).
ep and strie equidistant. . .. Ss Renilla aks wig ay DA
Puncta forming straight longitudinal rows . me OEetk &. ABS ey ae Gamma Cu. var.
{ — curved _— ee Tae . .. «NM. baccata Brun. a. Temp.
— undulating — — Biiep ea ead gieniecdes ey nee 4 N. maculata Batu.
Ti Of08 ami: a. ae By eo ee ee RL Re: OO ae See SB oe gd 26.
or 0,04 to 0,1 mm. or more .... 1... ee ee et ee islatel «se viata aa ds 27.
Strie i In-OOEAMMs ges ieee awe eee OM . . WN. Omicron Cu.
ee ee ee eet ae mG We CB akb cae ad car aes . . «NM. Omega Ct.
Ends ee Sy eB RAN ae Re Bee eR .. N. diffusa A. §. Wy conspersa Pant.)
ce NOt Se a a eee BE eo OA Se eee : ‘ 28.
Terminal fissures large, hook-shaped . am Ry AR he A ae N. arabica Grun.
Pie Small: pee be sae dre Bs <a ite fee Setie gs ww 29.
Terminal ie in contrary directions . tabs Die 8 . N. Epsilon Cu.
ae — the same — ......2.-65 eee eeae : 30.
Pancta aiuidlistant ge bh Cidmaah. fe Sooo cay Sea wae ains anna eset Wen Se Mio . . N. monilifera Cu.
ae more crowded at the margin and the median line. . . .. N. transfuga Gron.
Valve elliptical .. . 2... ml fo HE ea ihe eh Ey 32.
ee Janceolates:: 24 ee oe Ko ee ea a ; Se otis an SOO
Puncta irregular. ..... ee ec oe ee Ne wanguriera TRUAN. a. WITT.
ee in transverse rOWS . . 1) eee 33.
Puncta closer than the strie . . . tee we el MN. SJentzschit Garon.
oe equidistant with the strie, or alice , el rahe Gace eel oy wo eG 4 2. . 84
Length 0,02 to 04 mm.... ..... a Be 4 ee wae 2 6 28D)
a ee 0,06 to 07 mm. 1 we ee 36.
Puncta near the median line in longitudinal straight rows .... WN. jeandulenta A. 8.
a not forming straight rows... - - - ) ett ee et N. torneensis Cu.
2 aa wider than the strie ........-.--64 N. sparsipunctata GRoveE a. STURT.
— pe nd oS manele Gs ae eo Bee ea el ee ees EE Oe 37.
Puncta in se curved longitudinal rows tee ee ee NM Schulztvi Karn.
re — undulating —_ — Aloe, Ws hed hd we ae ‘ 38.
Central area transverse ......- 5 tae we ele) UM, oseitans A. S.
ee — rounded... 1... +e see eee gir nae a eee Bae N. glacialis Cu.
Freshwater habitat 2. 6 2 ee ee ee 40.
ee Se odie S. Si e O PR R otoges en et gs 42.
Central area small. 20. ee ee 41.
ae —— Jane ye a eS A oe, BE ee eee N Gamma Cr.
Puncta in straight longitudinal rows . 0 - - ee et tt te tt es N. Toule Pant.
a ae — undulating — — . . . . . .M. lacustris Grae.
See area narrowed towards the caida: and the eit ad wei Rhy GN N. granulata Bat.
— not — _— — _— Soe UN Uh Sica oe Sarre, o 8 ee 43.

40 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Céntral area large... <0 4ock din Ca aap ee gh WADE He te de Sh ee ae N. Grovei Cu.
43.

gee = ogmalle) mo. duiwlded. tela pale! Ee hott an ost Mis SoG 44,

44. { Strie crossed by a blank band. ............ N. interlineata Grove a. Sturt.
— not — —_- Ste oka ie Sah me ARG eG ee ee . 45.

45. { Valve with shallow depressions on each side of the median line. . . . WN. impressa Gron.
Ves pithoute i. Blane ley ag he wilt. oth Tai AR » ss . 46.

46. ee Median pee of the valve elevated at the ends fe Teh ae N. carinifera Grun.
_— not — _— go Bree Seed siee eke fod 47.
47. ee fadiats Uc Abas & eGo ksy 4 mehiee 7 ee aap Bhar Dar ay ees 48.
almost parallel ©. ©... 2...) ee Bat GN Macao: ab cd aiid 49.

48. ies Puncta equidistant hoo Bee, 1 ; ... NN. punetulata W. Su.

closer at the margin ee SSIS ee wR GO N. brasiliensis Gron.
49. ae 9in Oo1 mm... ......, 5 at Behe cake bo cee Geo car eover aioe 50.
= Tote 14 SS ek ee SH Beis 263: eS Ta IG ee . 51.

50. eae areaorbicular 1: 404) Ue) a eR ee a aA N. doljensis Pant.

— transverse , kee. i eee, hoe of he N. Brunii Pant.

51 anaes rhombic-lanceolate . we AG EASE Tee Raye eek N. Pi Cu.

: — elliptic-lanceolate = ..... wee oe ew.) UM. seandinavica Lacst.

1. N. seutelloides W. Sm. (1856). — V. orbicular. Li. 0,015 to 0,027; B. 0,013 to 0,02 mm.
Axial area indistinct; central area indistinct or irregular. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate through-
out, the median strie of unequal length. Puncta of the striz coarse, 10 in 0,01 mm. — M. J. IV
Pl. I f. 15. — Scnum. Pr. D. IN. p. 20 f. 22. A. S. Atl. VI f. 34. Strdse Klieken Pl. I f. 11.

Fresh and slightly brackish water: Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia! Lake Malaren! Ronneby,
fossil! etc.), Finland, fossil! Germany, Domblitten, foss. (Atl.), England!

Var. mocarensis Grun. (1882). — Strie very distant, alternating with short, marginal strie.
— Foss. D. Ost. Ung. Pl. XXX f. 65.

Fresh water: Hungary, fossil (Grun.).

Var. minutissima Cu, (1881). — Diam. 0,008 mm. Strie obsolete. — D. f. Gronl. Argentina
p. 42 Pl. AVE £10.

Fresh water: Greenland! Finland.

2. N. seintillans A. 8. (1881). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,038; B. 0,026
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, somewhat transverse. Strie LO (middle) to 12
(ends) in 0,01 mm. in the middle of unequal length, coarsely punctate, the puncta in the middle
of the valve larger. — Atl. LXX f. 61.

Marine: Campeachy Bay.

3. N. neogradensis Pant. (1886). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,057; B. 0,034 mm. Axial
area narrow; central area indistinct. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, alternating with
short marginal striole. Puncta of the strie 7 in 0,01 mm. — Cocconeis neogr. Pant. I p. 31
Pl AIL, S11,

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

There is no reason for placing this species in Cocconeis. It seems nearly akin to Naw.
punctulata, and to the following.

4. N. algida Groun. (1884). — V. broadly elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,07 to 0,085;
B. 0,035 to 0,04 mm. Axial area very narrow. Central area not well defined, the median part
of the valve being an irregular space with scattered puncta. Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout, coarsely punctate, alternating with short marginal striole. — Fr. Jos. Land D. p. 56
Pl. If. 31. Nav. glacialis Cu. M. D. N:o 302, Vega p. 471.

Marine: North Siberian Sea!

5. N. glacialis Cu. (1873). — V. elliptical. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,03 to 0,066 mm. Axial
area linear, narrow. Central area orbicular. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, punctate;

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. wo 3. 41

puncta forming undulating longitudinal rows, about 8 in 0,01 mm. — Coccon. gl. Cu. D. Arct. Sea
p. 14 Pl. OI f. 12. NM. sp. A. 8S. Atl. VI f. 39. MN. gl. Grun. Fr. Jos. Land D. p. 55. Perr
Cape Horn D. p. 123 Pl. X f. 16, 17 (1888). Icon. n. Pl. I f. 28. WN. kerguelensis Caste. Chal-
lenger Voy. D. Pl. XXVIII f. 16 (according to Petit).

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Matotschin Scharr! Cape Horn (Petit), Kerguelens Land
(Castr.).

Var. septentrionalis Ct. — V. smaller. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,035 mm. Puncta in the median
part of the valve scattered or forming short, undulating rows. — A. 8. Atl. VI f. 37.

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Cape Horn (Petit).

The original figure in D. of the Arct. Sea shews a marginal rim, which I have since found

to be occasioned by the zone. There is no rim on detached valves. The var. septentrionalis connects
the type with N. algida.

6. N. Xi Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate ends. L. 0,055 to 0,075; B. 0,022
to 0,032 mm. Axial area narrow; central large, orbicular. Strie 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. radiate
throughout. Puncta 12 in 0,01 mm. Among the median strie are some few shorter ones.

Marine (Mouth of rivers): Sierra Leone (Deby Coll.)! Cameroon!

7. N. Delta Cu. (1893). — V. elliptical, with rostrate ends. L. 0,032; B. 0,016 mm. Axial
area narrow; central orbicular. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, coarsely punctate;
puncta 12 in 0,01 mm., equidistant. Among the median strie there are some few shorter ones. —
Diatomiste II p. 14 Pl. I f. 10.

Marine: Ceylon (Weissflog Coll.)!

8. N. pusilla W. Sm. (1853). — V. elliptical to lanceolate, with more or less distinctly
rostrate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,047; B. 0,015 to 0,o25 mm. Axial area narrow; central area small,
orbicular. Terminal fissures in the same direction. Strie 13 to 18 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout,
in the middle of unequal length; puncta distinct, 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — B. D. I p. 52 Pl. XVII
f. 145. V. H. Syn. p. 99 Pl. XI f. 17. N. tumida var. genuina Groun. Verh. 1860 p. 537 Pl. IV
f. 43 a; v. subsalsa Grun. f. b. c. — N. pus. var. spitsbergensis Grun. A. D. p. 40 (CL. M. D. N:zo 158).

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Spitsbergen (Grun), England! Arctic America! Mouth of
Jenissey! Bahamas! Surinam! Tasmania! Cameroon!

Var. lanceolata Grun. (1860). — Lanceolate, with slightly or scarcely rostrate ends. L. 0,04;
B. 0,015 mm. Strize 11 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 40 Pl. II f. 47. N. gastroides Gree. M. J. III
p. 40 Pl. IV f. 17 (1854). WV. pulchra Gruc. T. M.S. IV p. 42 Pl. V f. 7 (1856). NV. tumida v.
lanceolata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 537 Pl. IV f. 44. WN. tum. v. subsalsa Strése Klieken f. 10.

Brackish water: Germany, Berlin (Grun.), Klieken, foss. (Strése), Sweden, Lysekil! Hungary,
Neusiedlersee (Grun.), Mouth of Jenissey!

Var. jamalinensis Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate with broad rostrate ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,016
mm. Central nodule incrassate around the median pores. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 40
Pl. II f. 48.

Brackish water: Sea of Kara (Grun).

9. N. Demerare Grun. (1893). — V. broadly lanceolate, with acute or obtuse ends. L. 0,046
to 0,085; B. 0,017 to 0,03 mm. Axial area narrow or indistinct. Central area large, irregular,
with one, or a few, larger puncta near the central nodule. Terminal fissures in contrary direction.
Strie 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm. somewhat closer near the ends, radiate, punctate; puncta 19 in 0,01 mm.
Median strie of unequal length, terminal strie parallel. — Diatomiste IT p. 14 PL If. 9.

Fresh water: Demerara River! Surinam (Kinker Coll.)!

10. N. delawarensis Grun. (1893). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,085
to 0,1; B. 0,044 mm. Median line with distant central pores. Axial area narrow. Central area
K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. Nio 3. 6

42 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

large, rounded. Strie 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm., closer (about 18 in 0,01 mm.) near the ends, radiate
at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta about 11 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating, longitudinal rows.
Median strie alternately longer and shorter. — Diatomiste Vol. II p. 13 Pl. I f. 7, 8.

Brackish water: Mouth of Delaware (Grun.) Connecticut! ;

11. N. Febigerii Cx. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,054 to 0,06; B. 0,02
mm. Axial area indistinct; central area large and irregular. Strie 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm., not
closer near the ends, strongly radiate, parallel at the ends, composed of large puncta, about 14 in
0,o1 mm. Median striz of unequal length. — N. R. D. p. 9 Pl. II f. 21.

Marine: California! Japan!

N. Febigeri resembles the lower valve of Achnanthes danica, but it is a true Navicula, both

valves being similar.

12. N. Neumayeri Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate, subobtuse. Li. 0,056; B. 0,022 mm. Axial
area very narrow; central area small, rounded. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, punctate;
puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. Among the median strive a few shorter are intercalated. — Pant. III]
Pl IV f. 64.

Marine: Bory, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

13. N. Zeta Cr. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,065; B. 0,022 mm. Median
line with short terminal fissuses, turned in the same direction. Axial area narrow. Central area
orbicular, bordered by somewhat elongated puncta. Strize 17 (middle) to 21 (ends) in 0,01 mm.,
radiate, parallel at the ends, coarsely punctate, puncta about 17 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating
longitudinal rows. A few of the median strie shorter than the others.

Brackish water: Barbados (Weissflog Coll.)!

Var. mexicana Cu. — V. with broader ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,019 mm. Strizw 15 (middle) to
20 (ends) in 0,01 mm. The median strie not alternating with shorter strie. Central area with
blank spaces on both sides of the rows of elongated puncta.

Brackish water: Mexico (Weissflog Coll.)!

14. N. My Cu. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the rounded
and obtuse ends. L. 0,11; B. 0,024 mm. Axial area narrow; central area small, elongated. Striz
14 (middle) to 20 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate at the ends and gently curved, punctate, puncta
about 16 in 0.01 mm. Median striz of unequal length. — Pl. I f. 17.

Marine: China (Deby and Van Heurck Coll.)!

In outline and striation this species has some resemblance to N. bottnica, but it is much
larger, has more distant puncta and the terminal striz are radiate.

15. N. meandrina Cu. (1893). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,045 to 0,065;
B. 0,021 to 0,031 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area orbicular, moderately large. Strie 19
to 21 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, composed of elongated puncta, forming undulating, longi-
tudinal rows, about 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Median strie alternately longer and shorter. — Dia-
tomiste II p. 13 Pl. I f. 6.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

The place of this form among the Punctate is somewhat uncertain. The elongated puncta
suggest that it may be akin to Nav. Tuscula, which may be decided by examination of specimens
in highly refractive media. The puncta will then perhaps be found to be finely, transversely.
lineate, in which case its place is near to N. Tuscula.

16. N. Eta Cx. (1893). — V. subhexagonal or broadly linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,044;
B. 0,019 mm. Axial area distinct, linear, slightly dilated in the middle. Strie 16 (middie) to 20
(ends) radiate throughout, punctate; puncta about 21 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste IT p. 13 Pl. If. 5.
Marine: Red Sea! Japan!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:0 3, 43

This species has the appearance of a small N. humerosa, from which it differs by finer
strie and closer punctation.

17. N. conspersa Pant. (1893). — V. broad, with almost parallel margins and slightly
apiculate ends. L. 0,063; B. 0,033 mm. Axial area narrow, very slightly dilated in the middle.
Striz 11 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, in the middle of equal length, punctate; puncta 13 in
0,o1 mm. — Pant. III Pl. XI f. 184.

Habitat?: »>Képecz» (Pant.).

Resembles NV. humerosa, but the median striv are of equal length.

18. N. humerosa Bris. (1856). — V. broad, with parallel margins and rostrate to cuneate,
obtuse ends. L. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,02 to 0,042 mm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area
orbicular or somewhat transversely dilated. Median line frequently with incrassate central pores
and hookshaped terminal fissures turned in the same direction. Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate
or parallel in the ends, punctate; puncta 10 to 16 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating, longitudinal
rows. Median striz of unequal length. — Sm. B. D. II p. 93. Donk. B. D. p. 18 Pl. III f. 3.
A. 8. Atl. VI f. 3, 4,5. V. H. Syn. p. 98 Pl. XI f. 20. WN. quadrata Gree. T. M. S. IV p. 41
f. 5 (1856). Stauroneis erythrea Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 567 Pl. VI f. 17. WN. bengalensis Grun. in
A. S. Atl. VI f. 1, 2 (1875). N. Kamorthensis Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 152 Pl. V f. 16. A. S. Atl.
VI f. 8, 8*?

Marine and brackish: Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Finmark! Baltic! North Sea! Mediterranean
Sea! Black Sea! Caspian Sea (Grun.), Red Sea! Seychelles! Nicobar Islands! Sumatra! Java!
Labuan! Sydney! Cameroon!

Var. constricta. — V. slightly constricted in the middle. — Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Gulf
of Naples (Brun Coll.)!

Var Fuchsit Pant. (1889). -- Puncta nearest to the areas elongated. — N. (latissima var.?)
Fuchsii Pant. II p. 45 Pl. X f. 170.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

N. humerosa is somewhat variable in the outline and the punctation of the strie. N. Ka-
morthensis in A. S. Atl. has somewhat convex margins. Similar specimens from Samoa (Van Heurck
Coll.) differ in nothing else from N. humerosa. N. humerosa is allied with N. punctulata, which
has, occasionally, longer and shorter strie intermixed in the middle. On the other hand it is

closely connected with N. latissima.

19. N. monilifera Cr. — V. broad, with almost parallel margins and rostrate ends. L. 0,077
to 0,1; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Axial area narrow; central area orbicular, moderately large. Strie
8 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. Puncta 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — N. granulata Bris. in Donk.
T. M.S. VI p. 17 Pl. III f. 19 (1858). B. D. p. 17 Pl. III f. 1. V. H. Syn. p. 98 Pl. XI f. 15.
N. granul. v. javanica Luup. Forrm. D. de Malaisie p. 17 Pl. IT f. 2 (1892)?

Marine: North Sea! Ceylon! Madagascar!
Var. heterosticha Cu. — Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., in the middle alternately longer and shorter.

Puncta 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — WN. granulata A. S. Atl. VI f. 15. 16.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

N. monilifera is closely akin to N. humerosa, from which it differs principally by its coarser
punctation. The median strie are in most specimens of equal length, but this is subject to great
variation and some shorter rows of puncta are occasionally intermixed in the middle of the valve.
As the name N. granulata was used by Batuey 1854 for another species, I have been obliged to

change the name.
20. N. latissima Gree. (1856). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,05 to 0,13; B. 0,04 to 0,05

mm. Axial area narrow, distinct. Central area orbicular. Striz 7 or 8 (middle) to 9 or 10
(ends) in 0,01 mm., radiate, at the ends parallel, punctate; puncta about 11 in 0,01 mm. The

44 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

median strie of unequal length. — T. M. S. IV p. 40 Pl. V f. 4, 4*. Rates in Pritch Inf. VII
f. 70. A.S.N. 8. D. If. 30. Atl. VI f. 7. Donk. B. D. p. 17 Pl. I f. 2. Panr. II Pl. XLI
f. 568. Pinnul. divaricata O'Meara M. J. VII p. 116 Pl. V f. 7 (1867).

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Naples! Sebastopol! Ceylon! China! Japan! Hungary, foss.!

Var. capitata Pant. (1889). — V. with capitate ends. L. 0,109; B. 0,048 mm. Striz 10,5
in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II p. 49; III Pl. XXXII f. 461.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. minor Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-elongated, with capitate ends. L. 0,075; B. 0,03
mm. Striz 10,5 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II p. 49.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. elongata Pant. (1889). —- V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,14; B. 0,06 mm. Strie 10 to 11
mm. Puncta 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — N. humerosa v. cones Pant. IT p. 48 Pl. X f. 175.

Marine: Hungary, fossil:

21. N. Alpha Cu. (1893). — V. broadly lanceolate, with obtuse, subrostrate ends. L. 0,062;
B. 0,03 mm. Median line with incrassate central pores, and the terminal fissures turned in contrary
directions. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm., a little closer at the ends (9 in 0,01 mm.), radiate, coarsely

punctate; puncta 8 in 0,01 mm. Median strie of unequal length. — Diatomiste II p. 13 Pl. If. 4.
Marine: Japan!

22. N. Jentzschii Grun. (1882). -- V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,017 to 0,02;
B. 0,009 to 0,o115 mm. Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 8 or 10 (middle) to 12 or 16
(ends) i in 0,01 mm., frequently closer on one side of the valve, radiate throughout, punctate; puncta
22 in 0,01 mm. — Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 156 Pl. XXX f. 64.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Domblitten, fossil (Grun.), Finland, Abo! Sweden, Mala-
ren! Gulf of Bothnia!

This species seems to connect the! Punctate with N. lucidula and N. Atomus among the
Minuscule.

23. N. torneensis Cx. (1891). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,017 to 0,024; B. 0,008
to 0,o1 mm. Axial area indistinct, central area small. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends,
coarsely punctate; puncta about 14 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Finl. p. 33 Pl. II f. 6.

Slightly brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia (Tornea, Pitea)!

Var. dboensis Cu. (1881). — V. elliptical. L. 0,012; B. 0,008 mm. — lL. c. f. 7.

Fresh water: Finland, Lake Lojo near Abo!

24. N. lacustris Gree. (1856). — V. lanceolate, with subacute or subrostrate ends. L. 0,035
to 0,055; B. 0,016 to 0,018 mm. Axial area narrow; central area small, but distinct, orbicular.
Terminal fissures seem to be turned in contrary directions. Strie 14 to 16, radiate at the ends,
distinctly punctate; puncta about 18 in 0,01 mm., larger near the areas. — M. J. IV Pl. I f. 23.
Cu. D. of Finl. p. 34 Pl. IT f. 14.

Fresh water: Scotland, Loch Leven! Lule Lapmark! Finland! Germany, Oberrohe! Canada,
Port Hope!

25. N. Toulae Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,056; B. 0,021 mm. Axial area in-
distinct. Central area small, rounded. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, composed of

somewhat elongated puncta (9 in 0,01 mm.) arranged in almost straight longitudinal rows. Median
strie shortened. — Pant. III Pl. XiI f. 196.

Fresh water?: Hungary, Képecz (Pant.).

26. N. Gamma Ct. (1893). — V. lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. B. 0,036; B. 0,014 mm.
Terminal fissures in contrary direction. Axial area indistinct; central area large, orbicular or

KONGL, SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3. 45

somewhat transverse. Stria 12 (middle) to 13 (ends) in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, coarsely
punctate; puncta 14 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste II p. 12 Pl. I f. 2.

Slightly brackish water: Amatitlan, Guatemala, fossil!

Var. rectilineata Ct. (1893). — L. 0,032; B. 0014 mm. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm. composed of
puncta, 17 in 0,01 mm., arranged in straight, longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste Vol. II p. 12 Pl. If. 1.

Brackish water: Cameroon, Africa!

27. N. amphibola Cx. (1891). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate, truncate ends. L. 0,037
to 0,07; B. 0,o2 mm. Axial area narrow, but distinct. Central area rectangular, transversely
dilated, broader outwards. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, punctate; puncta 12 to
15 in 0,01 mm. — N. punctata v. asymmetrica Laast. Spitsb. D. p. 29 Pl. II f. 7 (1873). N. Gastrum
v. styriaca Grn. Foss. D. Ost. Ung. p. 144 Pl. KXX f. 50 (1882). Franz Jos. Land D. p. 98 Pl. I
f. 35. N. amphibola Cu. D. of Finl. p. 33 (1891). N. styriaca Pant. III Pl. VI f. 102; Pl. XII
f. 194; Pl. XX f. 298 (1893).

Fresh water: Franz Josefs-Land (Grun.) Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland (Lagerst.), Sweden,
Alnarp, Skane! Finland! Hungary, fossil (Grun.), S:ta Rosa, Calif.! Chicago foss.!

28. N. Gdlikii Panr. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,034; B. 0,o15 mm.
Axial area narrow. Central area transversely dilated. Strie 7,5 to 8 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout. Puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. — N. (Gastrum var.?) Gdlikii Pant. IL p. 46 Pl. XI f. 192.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Probably the same as N. amphibola.

29. N. Grovei Cx. (1893). — V. broadly lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,03 mm.
Axial area narrow. Central area large, transversely dilated, and widened outwards. Terminal
fissures in the same direction. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. Puncta equidistant,
15 in 0,01 mm. Among the median strie a few shorter are intermixed. — Diatomiste II p. 15
Pl. 1 £. 14,

Marine: Oamaru, N. Zealand, fossil!

This species seems to be akin to N. transfuga var. Neupaueri.

30. N. baccata Temp. a. Brun (1889). — V. broad, with parallel or slightly convex margins
and cuneate or rostrate, obtuse or truncate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,055; B. 0,025 to 0,o27 mm. Ter-
minal fissures in the same direction. Axial area linear. Central area large, orbicular. Strix
5,5 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. Puncta 6 in 0,01 mm. forming somewhat curved, longitudinal
rows. — D. foss. du Japon p. 42 Pl. V f. 10.

Marine: Japan, fossil! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

31. N. Sehulzii Kain (1889). — V. elliptical with rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,12; B. 0,04
mm. Axial area distinct, narrowed towards the central and terminal nodules. Central area
large, somewhat transverse. Terminal fissures turned in the same direction. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm.,
radiate throughout. Puncta 6 in 0,01 mm., forming somewhat curved, longitudinal rows. — Bull.
Tor. Bot. Cl. March 1889 p. 75 Pl. 89 f. 2 (according to Wolle Am. D. Pl. XXIV f. 5). N. con-
foederata Pant. III Pl. XXXIV f. 481 (1893).

Marine: Atlantic City, N. Jersey, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. californica Ct. — V. elliptical, with subacute ends. L. 0,096; B. 0,o42 mm. Strie 5,
puncta 5 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 26.

Marine: San Pedro, Calif. fossil (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. marylandica Cu. — V. broadly elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,05
mm. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm., largest at the margins and gradually
decreasing in size towards the areas, forming irregular longitudinal rows.

Marine: Nottingham, Maryland, fossil (Dr. Rae Coll.)!

46 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

32. N. maculata Bart (1850). — V. lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,12;
B. 0,035 to 0,045 mm. Axial area linear, narrow. Central area large, somewhat transverse.
Strie 6,5 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. Puncta 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating, longi-
tudinal rows. — Stauroneis maculata Batt. Smitas Contr. 1850 p. 40 Pl. II f. 32. N. Fuscheri
A. S. Atl VI f. 38 (1875).

Marine: Marble Head, Mass.! Pensacola, Florida!

Var. caribea Cu. (1875). — L. 0,056 to 0,1; B. 0,025 to 0,o4 mm. Strie and puncta 7 in
0,01 mm. Central area small. — WN. carib. Cu. West Ind. D. p. 5. A. S. Atl. VI £10 12.

Marine: West Indies! Florida! Zanzibar (Atl.), Labuan! Port Jackson!

33. N. Omicron Ci. N. Sp. — V. elliptical, with apiculate ends. L. 0,028; B. 0,011 mm.
Axial and central areas indistinct. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout. Puncta
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — P]. If. 11.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

34. N. Omega Cx. (1893). — V. broadly elliptical-lanceolate, with rostrate ends. L. 0,026;
B. 0,015 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area very small, rounded. Terminal fissures at
distance from the ends. Transverse striz 17 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, coarsely
punctate. Puncta 17 in 0,01 mm., forming nearly straight, longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste II
p. 56 Pl. III f. 6.

Marine: Etretat (Temp. Perag. Types N:o 406).

35. N. diffusa A. S. (1874). — V. with parallel margins and apiculate ends. L. 0,072;
B. 0,03 mm. On each side of the median line is a longitudinal depression. Axial area narrow;
central area distinct. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. — Atl. II f. 28. Pxzrag. Villefr.
p. 49 Pl. TIT f. 30.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), Mediterranean Sea (Perag.).

Var.? balearica Cu. — V. in L. 0,052; B. 0,022 mm. Axial area indistinct; central small.
Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 12 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. Valve
without longitudinal depressions.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

Var. minor Cu. — L. 0,037; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 13; puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Java!

36. N. sublyrata Grun. (1883). — V. elongated, constricted in the middle. L. 0,046; B. 0,01,
at the constriction 0,007 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area very small. Strie 12 in 0,01,
parallel, distinctly punctate. — Cu. Vega p. 496 Pl. XXXV f. 17.

Marine and brackish: North America (Grun.), Labuan!

37. N. eeylanensis Leup. Forrm. (1879). -- V. elongated, constricted in the middle; seg-
ments lanceolate. L. 0,16; B. 0,04, at the constriction 0,024 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie 6 in
0,01 mm. transverse, coarsely punctate; puncta forming longitudinal rows. — D. de Ceylon p. 26
Bl; It. 25.

Marine: Ceylon (Leud. Fortm.).

38. N. bilobata Leup. Forrm. (1879). — V. strongly constricted in the middle, with broadly
elliptic-lanceolate segments. L. 0,07; B. 0,0255, at the constriction 0,0115 mm. Areas indistinct.
Valve with large irregular puncta. — D. de Ceylon p. 24 Pl. II f. 24.

Marine: Ceylon (Lend., Fortm.).

N. bilobata and N. ceylanensis are unknown to the author and may possibly represent some
forms of Dictyoneis.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:0 3. 47

39. N. punctulata W. Sm. (1853). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,04
to 0,06; B. 0,025 to 0,03 mm. Axial area narrow or indistinct. Central area small, orbicular.
Strie 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. Puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. equidistant. Among the
median strie there are a few shorter frequently intermixed. — B. D. I p. 52 Pl. XVI f. 151.
N. marina Ratrs Pritch. Inf. p. 903 (1861). Donk. B. D. p. 19 Pl. IIT f. 5. A. S. Atl. VI f. 9.
V. Ho Syn. p88 £1. XL f. 16.

Marine and brackish: Greenland! Finmark! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Caspian Sea (Grun.),
Massachusetts! Florida! Barbados! South Africa! Mediterranean Sea! Ceylon! Port Jackson! Cali-
fornia!

Var. cluthensis Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,045 to 0,05; B. 0,025
mm. Axial area indistinct or narrow. Central area indistinct or small, orbicular. Strie 10 to
14 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, punctate; puncta 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — N. cluthensis Gree.
D. of Clyde p. 478 Pl. IX f. 2. NM. Cl. v. maculifera Cu. N. R. D. p. 9 PL II f. 23. N. erythrea
Groun. Verh. 1860 p. 539 Pl. V f. 17.

Marine and brackish: Finmark! North Sea! Baltic! Cape Horn (Petit), Madagascar! Ceylon!
Nicobar Island! Tahiti!

Var. finmarchica Grun. (1880). — L. 0,036 to 0,047; B. 0,022 to 0.024 mm. Striz 11 to 12
in 0,01 mm. Central area indistinct. — N. cluth. v. finm. Gruy. A. D. p. 40 Pl. II f. 49.
Marine: Finmark (Grun.).

Var. striolata Grun. (1884). — Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 8 in 0,01 mm. forming longi-
tudinal rows. — N. cluth. v. striol. Grun. Franz Jos. Land D. 1884 p. 104. Cr. M. D. N:o 156.
Brackish water: Fiskebackskil, Sweden.

Var. Nove Zealandie Grun. (1884). — L. 0,029; B. 0,015 mm. Striez 11 (middle) to 14
(ends) in 0,01 mm. Central area indistinct. Valve with a marginal furrow. — N. cluth. v. Nove
Zeal. Grun. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 104.

Marine: N. Zealand (Grun.).

Var. pagophila Grun. (1884). — L. 0,031; B. 0,014 mm. Areas indistinct. Strie 14 in 0,01
mm., distinctly punctate. — N. cluth. v. pagophila Grun. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 104 Pl. I f. 30.
Marine: Franz Jos. Land.

The name N. punctulata was given 1842 by Eurenpere to a form, which, to judge from
the figure in the Micro-geologic is doubtless Anomoeoneis serians. As this species is not included
in Navicula, I think it advisable to retain the name, given by W. Smita. Between N. punctu-
lata and N. Cluthensis there are no distinctions other than the form of the ends, which are sub-
rostrate in the former and broadly rounded in the latter. This characteristic is so trifling that
I have united them. Among the median strize a few shorter are usually intermixed, which with
other characteristics shews that NV. punctulata is nearly akin to N. humerosa. By the var. clu-
thensis it is also related to N. glucialis Cu. As N. cluth. var. minuta I, in 1881 (N. R. D. p. 10
Pl. II f. 22), described a small form with more distinct axial area. It does not belong to the
section Punctate, and, as it is not sufficiently characterized, may be dropped.

40. N. brasiliensis Grun. (1863). — V. lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes with
subrostrate ends. L. 0,054 to 0,16; B. 0,027 to 0,055 mm. Terminal fissures in the same direction.
Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rounded, frequently slightly transversely dilated. Strie
8 to 12 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout. Puncta close towards the margins, more distant
in the median part of the valve, where they form longitudinal, undulating rows. — Verh. 1863
p- 152 Pl. V f. 10. Novara p. 19. A. 8S. Atl. Pl. VI f. 19 to 25, 31 to 33.

Marine: Atlantic coast of N. America (Connecticut, North Carolina)! West Indies! Cam-
peachy Bay! Brazil! Bab el Mandeb! Zanzibar (Atl.), Madagascar! Ceylon! Singapore! Labuan!
China! Japan! New Caledonia! Samoa! Sandwich Islands (Atl.).

48 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var.? bicuneata Ct. — V. with parallel margins and cuneate ends. L. 0,10 to 0,12; B. 0,04
mm. Axial area linear. Central area transversely dilated, small. Stria 8 in 0,01 mm., the
median more approximate and more closely punctate. — Pl. I f. 19.

Marine: Pensacola! Connecticut!

This variety, determined by Grun. as N. arabica, has nearly the same outline as f. 28
Pl. VI in A. 8. Atl.

Var. fossilis Pant. (1889). — V. with cuneate ends. L. 0,027; B. 0,014 mm. Axial area
distinct, not dilated around the central nodule. Strize 12,5 in 0,01 mm. — Panv. II p. 43 Pl. V f. 82.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

41. N. scandinavica Lagstr. (1876). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate ends. lL. 0,063
to 0,105; B. 0,028 to 0,034 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, transverse. Striea 12
to 14 in 0.01 mm. almost parallel, distinctly punctate; puncta about 13 in 0,01 mm. — UN. lacustris
A. S. N. 8. D. p. 88 Pl. I f. 29 (1874) Atl. VI f. 30. Stawroneis scandin. Laest. Boh. D. p. 47.
Staur. dilatata Strése Klieken f. 28? Staur. Hichhornii Scuum. Pr. D. p. 189 Pl. IX f. 55 (1862)?

Marine: North Sea (Bohuslin, Norway)!

This species is probably allied to N. carinifera. There is on each side of the median
line a narrow, longitudinal depression, which extends to the margin.

42. N. carinifera Grun. (1874). — V. lanceolate, with the axial part elevated towards the
ends. L. 0,09 to 0,11; B. 0,03 to 0,o4 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area small, transverse.
Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, distinctly punctate; puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. —
A. 8. Atl. IT f. 1.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Campeachy Bay! West Indies! Florida!

Forma minor. — L. 0,072; B. 0,024 mm. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. less distinctly punctate. —
A. StL, Tf 2.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. densius striata A. 8. (1881). — L. 0,12; B. 0,04 mm. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. — Atl.
LXX f. 42.

Marine: Jamaica (AtlL.).

Var. laxepunctata Cu. — L. 0,18; B. 0,05 mm. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm.; puncta close towards
the margin, inwards more distant, forming undulate longitudinal rows, 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Kobi, Japan (Temp., Perag. Types N:o 188).

43. N. granulata Barn (1854). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,045 to 0,07; B. 0,022.t0 0,032
mm. Axial area linear, narrowed towards the central nodule and the ends. Central area orbicular.
Strie 10' in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout. Puncta closer near the margins, about 13 in
0,01 mm., more scattered on the depressed parts on both sides of the median line, where they*
form distant, undulating, longitudinal rows. — Smirus Contr. VII f. 16. N. polysticta Grev.
Ed. N. Ph. J. X p. 28 Pl. IV f. 12 (1859). N. Baileyana A. S. N.S. D. Pl. I f. 31 (1874).
Atl. VI f. 26, 27.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea (Perag.), Bab el Mandeb! Ceylon! Japan! Sydney!
Calif. guano (Grev.).

44. N. transfuga Grun. (1883). — V. elliptic-lanceolate with rostrate or subrostrate ends,
depressed on both sides of the median line. Depressions large, lunate. L. 0,07 to 0,11; B. 0,045
to 0,o6 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area large, dilated outwards, and rounded or not
sharply defined. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout. Puncta closer near the
margins (11 to 12 in 0,01 mm.) than on the depressed areas (about 6 in 0,01 mm.), where they
form undulating longitudinal rows. — Cu. Vega p. 511 Pl. XXXV f. 15.

Marine: Bab el Mandeb! Seychelles! China (Weissflog Coll.)! Japan (Brun Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wn:o 3. 49

Var. Neupaueri Pant. (1886). — V. elliptical, with obtuse, not rostrate, ends. Strie 11 or
12 (middle) to 12 or 13 (ends). — N. Neupaueri Pant. I p. 27 Pl. XIV f. 123.

Marine: Hungary, fossil! Japan, fossil (Tempére), Madagascar! China (Grove Coll.).

Var. plagiostoma Grun. (1879). — V. with parallel margins and rostrate ends. L. 0,045 to
0,075; B. 0,022 to 0,o32 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area large, more dilated on one half
of the valve than on the other. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, parallel at the ends.
Puncta about 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. plagiost. Gruy. in Cl. M. D. N:o 257.

Marine: Virgin Islands! Pensacola! North Carolina!

Forma fossilis Pant. (1889). — L. 0,051; B. 0,024 mm. Strie 12,5 in 0,01 mm. — N. irro-
rata v. fossilis Pant. II p. 49 Pl. VIII f. 147.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

It seems, to judge from the figure, questionable whether the var. fossilis is not an Ano-
moeoneis.

45. N. Epsilon Cx. (1893). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate ends. L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,04
mm. Median line with bifid median pores, and terminal fissures turned in opposite directions.
Axial area narrow, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout. Puncta near the margins 10 in 0,01 mm., on the depression about 6 in 0,01 mm. dis-
posed in undulating, longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste II p. 12 Pl. I f. 3.

Marine: China (Thum!) Japan (Brun Coll.)!

46. N. margaritifera Truan a. Writr (1888). — V. elliptical, with acute ends. L. 0,1;
B. 0,05 mm. Median line with the ends at some distance from the margin of the valve. Struc-
ture: large puncta (about 5 in 0,01 mm.) irregularly scattered over the whole valve. — Jeremie
BD. p. 17 Pl. TV £10:

Marine: Hayti, fossil (Truan and Witt).

This form is very dissimilar to all of this section and its systematic position uncertain.
N. Reusti Pant. III Pl. XXXIII f. 473 (1898) has also scattered puncta, but with a rim of fine
strie. It may be an allied species, if not N. glacialis var. septentrionalis.

47. N. arabica Grun. (1875). — V. with parallel margins and rostrate ends. L. 0,12;
B. 0,04 mm. Terminal fissures large, hookshaped. Central area transversely dilated. Striz 8 in
0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout. Puncta 7 in 0,01 mm. disposed in undulating, longitudinal
rows. — A. S. Atl. VI f. 14.

Marine: Zanzibar (Atl.).

The above description is from the fig. in Atl., which shews terminal fissures of a shape,
very dissimilar to those of all other species of this section. Specimens by Grunow determined as
N. arabica, are identical with N. brasiliensis var. bicuneata.

48. N. oseitans A. S. (1875). — V. elliptical. L. 0,055 to 0,09; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Axial
area indistinct; central area irregular, frequently a transverse linear space narrowed outwards.
Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, punctate; puncta about 8 in 0,01 mm., closer towards
the margin than on the depressed parts on both sides of the median line. — Atl. VI f. 41.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Macassar Straits! Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! S:ta Monica, Calif.
fossil! Monterey (Atl.).

The fig. 40 Pl. VI in A. S. Atl. from Davis strait belongs probably to N. oscitans. I have
seen similar forms from S:ta Monica (Deby Coll.) and Redondo (Grove), which I cannot separate
from NV. oscitans.

Var. subundulata Cu. and Grove (1891). — V. elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,092;
B. 0,06 mm. Axial area indistinct, central irregular. Surface of the valve with a slight depression
on both sides of the median line. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, composed of puncta, more

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. N:o 3. 7

50 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

distant on the depressions (8 in 0,01 mm.) than towards the margin and the median line (18 in
0,o1 mm.). — Diatomiste I p. 67 Pl. X f. 10.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

This form is perhaps to be considered as a distinct species.

49. N. impressa Grun. (1875). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,06 to 0,075; B. 0,034 to 0,045
mm. Axial area indistinct, central area small. Strize 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm. parallel in the middle,
slightly radiate at the ends. Puncta coarse, 7 to 11 in 0,01 mm. On both sides of the median
line are large lunate depressions. — A. 8S. Atl. VI f. 17, 18.

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!

50. N. sparsipunctata Grove and Srurr (1886). — V. broadly elliptical, with rounded ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,03 to 0,o4 mm. Central nodule very small. Terminal fissures indistinct.
Axial area narrow, linear, unilateral. Central area indistinct. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. parallel in the
middle, radiate at the ends. Puncta coarse. inequidistant, about 6 in 0,01 mm. At some distance
from the margin is a narrow, not punctate, space. — Quek. M. Cl]. IT (2) p. 323 Pl. XVIII f. 1.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

This is a very remarkable form, not closely akin to any known species. The median line
and the central nodule are especially peculiar.

51. N. interlineata Grove and Srurr (1886). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,1; B. 0,05 mm.
Axial area narrow, very slightly dilated around the central nodule. Terminal fissures indistinct.
Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. Puncta 8 in 0.01 mm. forming irregularly undulating
rows. On both sides of the median line is a narrow, arcuate, lateral area, inside which the puncta
form more regular longitudinal rows. — J. Quek. M. Cl. II (2) p. 823 Pl. XVIII f. 2.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

A very remarkable species, which shews some resemblance to Diploneis nitida.

52. N. fraudulenta A. 8. (1881). — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,03 to 0,045;
B. 0,019 to 0,023 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, not sharply defined. Strize 14
(middle) to 18 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate at the ends, composed of puncta, about 13 in
0,o1 mm., disposed towards the median line in straight, somewhat distant, longitudinal rows. —
N. 8. D. III p. 18 (without name). N. fraudulenta A. S. Atl. LXX f. 60. N. restituta A. S.
accord. to Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 102 (1878).

Marine: North Sea! Sebastopol!

A small, very distinct species, not to be mistaken for any other.

53. N. Nove Guinewnsis Temp. (1891). — V. broad, biconstricted apiculate. L. 0,04 to 0,05;
B. 0,027 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area trans-
versely dilated. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate at the ends, composed of coarse puncta,
about 7 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste I p. 71, Pl. XI f. 1.

Brackish water: Yule- Island (New Guinea)!

This is a very interesting form, not closely connected with any other. The median line
has somewhat arcuate components, which suggests that the valve is slightly genuflexed as in
Achnanthes. The coarse structure resembles that of Nav. Tuscula, but the direction of the termi-
nal rews of puncta is different and there is no appearance of a lineation across the puncta. The
dilated central nodule, as well as the strongly inclined striz, remind one of the lower valve of
Achnanthes danica and its allies, but the structure is much coarser and the valve strongly silicious.

54. N. Pi Cr. (1893) — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08; B. 0,022 mm. Axial
area indistinct; central area small. Terminal fissures in the same direction. Striz 11 (middle) to

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. N:0 3. 51

12 (ends) in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. Puncta about 12 in 0,01 mm. forming slightly undulating
longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste II p. 15 Pl. I f. 13.
Marine: China (Van Heurck Coll.)!

55. N. doljensis Pan. (1886). — V. lanceolate. with subacute ends. L. 0,142; B. 0,033 mm.
Median line with approximate central pores, slightly undulating. Axial area indistinct, central
very small, orbicular. Strie 9 in 0.01 mm., transverse throughout, coarsely punctate, puncta about
9 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. I p. 24 Pl. XXIV f. 219.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

56. N. Brunii Pant. (1886). — V. lanceolate, with subobtuse ends. L. 0,084; B. 0,027 mm.
Median line straight, with approximate central pores. Axial area indistinct. central a short and
narrow transverse fascia. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle, slightly convergent
at the ends, coarsely punctate. — Pant. I p. 23 Pl. XXIV f. 217.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

57. N. Lunula Cu. — V. moderately asymmetrical, with convex dorsal and ventral margins
and subacute ends. L. 0,062; B. 0,016 mm. Median line straight. Axial area narrow, not dilated
around the central nodule. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. coarsely punctate; puncta 13
in 0,01 mm. Median ventral strie not ending in isolated puncta. — Part I Pl. V f. 5.

Marine: Java!

Of this form I have seen one specimen only, in a gathering of shell-sand found at Java by
Dr. Avrivitutus. There were no freshwater forms in the material, so I have no doubt about the
marine habitat of this form, which could be placed in Cymbella, were not the puncta so distant
and the habitat marine.

58. N. Grundleri Cu. a. Grown. (1878). — V. broad with almost parallel or very slightly
concave sides and broad rounded ends. L. 0,075 to 0,098; B. 0,o28 mm. Median line excentric,
with large hook-shaped terminal fissures turned in the same directions. Axial area indistinct;
central area small and orbicular. Strie 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle and
convergent at the ends, coarsely punctate; puncta 9 to 12 arranged in undulating longitudinal
rows. — Alloioneis Griindleri Cu. West Ind. D. p. 7 Pl. IL f. 10.

Marine: West Indies! Campeachy Bay! Colon! Fossil: Oamaru, New Zeeland!

Var. symmetrica Cu. — L. 0,07; B. 0,03 mm. Median line almost central, its terminal
fissures small. Striz 15, puncta 14 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

This is a very remarkable species, not nearly akin to any other. The var. symmetrica,
although in some characteristics differing from the type, can however in my opinion not be sepa-
rated from N. Grundleri, especially as the asymmetrical type occurs also at Oamaru. N. Grundleri
is a form intermediate to the Amphore of the section Psammamphora or Amblyamphoru, and has
as these, the strix in the middle between the central. and terminal nodules divergent from the

median line.

Additional.

N. arverna Hiri. a. Peraa. (1893). —- V. broadly elliptical, with apiculate ends. L. 0,05;
B. 0,013 mm. Axial area narrow. Central area star-like. Stria 5 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the
middle and alternately longer and shorter, transverse at the ends, coarsely punctate. — D. d’Au-
vergne p. 105 Pl. IV f. 19.

Fresh water? Auvergne, fossil.

52 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Navicule Lyratz Ct.

Valve usually elliptical to lanceolate, rarely constricted in the middle. Median line with
curved terminal fissures, rarely in contrary direction, or bayonet-shaped. Axial area indistinct.
Central area small, united to two, more or less broad, lateral areas. Structure of the valve:
usually distinct puncta, disposed in transverse rows, radiate at the ends of the valve, and in
undulating longitudinal rows. Zone not complex.

I have examined some living specimens of N. Lyra, N. spectabilis and N. Hennedyw. All
have two chromatophore-plates along the valves. The margins of the plates are strongly indented.
From the apices a narrow and deep sinus proceeds towards the central nodule and has at its end
an eleoplast. As the plates in some cases were deeply constricted in the middle it seems probable
that they divide by a fissure at right angle to the median line.

a

Nav. Hennedyt with cell-contents, Nav. Lyra var. with cell-contents,
600 times mngnified. 600 times magnified.

The most important characteristic of this group consists in the lateral areas, which are to
be regarded as lateral expansions of the central nodule. They are more silicious than other parts
of the valve, and coherent with the mass of the usually small central nodule.

This group, corresponding to the Hennedyées and Lyrées in Van Hzurcx’s Synopsis, com-
prises an enormous mass of forms, in which are more transitions than in any other group of navi-
culoid diatoms. All the characteristics are subject to so much variation, that I am unable
to distinguish more than a very few, well defined species, although besides the numerous pu-
blished figures I have examined at least 300 sketches of forms from all parts of the world.

I have tried to obtain characteristics from the relative number of the striz and their
puncta, but the variation, even in the same species, is too great. The outline of the valve offers
no trustworthy characteristics, the same species occurring with rounded, obtuse and rostrate
ends. The breadth and form of the lateral areas are also subject to great variations, so that all
possible transitions can be traced from the large lunate areas of N. Hennedyi to the narrow and
linear areas of N. Lyra. The presence or absence of markings in the areas offer no characteristics
for specific distinction. Inspection of a large number of specimens has induced me to unite in
one species a considerable number of forms, hitherto admitted as distinct species. The forms be-
longing to NV. approximata, N. Hennedyi, N. spectabilis, N. clavata and N. Lyra are numerous,
and the simplest and most effective course would perhaps have been to unite these five species,
and possibly others; as they all pass by numerous intermediate forms into each other.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%, y:0 3. 53

The group most nearly connected with the Nav. Lyrate is the Nav. punctate, both being
united by numerous transitional forms. In some cases it is difficult to decide whether a form
belongs to the Nav. punctate or the Nav. lyrate. Such forms are for instance N. transfuga and
N. carinifera among the Punctate and N. Schaarschmidtii among the Lyrate.

On the other hand the Nav. lyratez offer some resemblance to the genus Diploneis, especially
in D. hyalina, D. Hudsonis and some other forms. The prolongations of the central nodule in
Diploneis correspond evidently to the lateral] expansions of the central nodule in the Lyratz,
but there are no longitudinal lines in Lyrate as in Diploneis, and in Diploneis there is no
punctate space between the median line and the prolongations of the central nodule.

All the forms of this Section live in salt water, a few only (. pygmea and some varieties
of N. foreipata) living in brackish water; so that the forms of this section of Navicula are very
characteristic of purely marine deposits. In the older deposits only few occur. From the Barbados
deposit I have seen only one specimen, of a species akin to N. Barbitos. In the Oamaru deposit
there are a few peculiar forms, one of which has the terminal fissures in contrary directions,
and another has almost straight terminal fissures. In the deposits of the miocene or oligocene age
forms of Lyratz begin to become numerous, one of the most frequent being . pretexta. In the
present age, forms of this Section are very frequent, and the same species have a very wide range
of distribution.

Most species of this section being transitional and their characteristics subject to great
variation, it is extremely difficult to construct a satisfactory artificial key. Still I believe the
following will be of use.

Artificial key.
Lateral areas uniting with the central area ee ee eSBs uty ee, Ee!
ae — not — _ — — a ne ; : N. concilians Cu.
Puncta oe straight longitudinal rows. |. ...... _N. Durandi Kirtox.
ee undulating — — nae fa = boaicsthe Se 3.
Lateral areas linear... . d 3 EH a 4.
Se — broader in the shtadte j ie ‘ eA 20.
Spaces between the areas and the median line _ striate . ae 5.
aie _— _ — not — : N. Reichardtit Grow.
Central pores incrassate : : oa : : : is 6.
Se — not — ‘ : F ‘ ‘ j ‘ ; 7.
{ Strie abont 13 in 0,01 mm. ite Je ' N. forcipata Grun.
145 to 22 — — ; a F N. forcipata var.
ie pe — about 26 - — are .N. pygmea Kotz.
Lateral areas short, not reaching to the margin 8. -
a ae — reaching — — ce 11.
7 es pe at the margin in double rows of small ‘apts : N. rudis Cu.
— not— — _— — _— — _ — elles ae) OD
g, i area narrowed at the ends and in the middle N. abrupta Grue.
— indistinct . eM Ge Oe im fae. <Ghanaruraann ye 10.
Valve almost orbicular. ... 1... 1 0) N. H. album Cu.
- elliptical ©. «1... . .N. connectens Grun.
(N. australica A. S., N. Lyra var. atlantica, N. snectabalta: var., Rattrayi var. abbreviata).
Valve indented in the middle. bo Bodie Bemus 2 mf N. distenta A. S.
ee not — — — ; i ees . 12.
Valve narrow, linear with rounded id, N. Samoensis Groun.
eae broad, elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate . 13.
Puncta of the median striw confluent towards the central ieaule ; N. genifera A. 8.
Se _— — not. : pei ¥ we 14
Axial ee of the valve elevated towards the ends . N. Barbitos A. 8. (N. Lyra.
v. subcarinata).
ie — — not ‘ ee ee ee ; 15.
_ Lata are areas very distant from the median line. 9... ....... N. diffluens A. 8.
not _— — — ch Sahay tah, an a sh tava oe BE ies Wa EN 16.

54 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Areas defined S des: «Saesiade Bh Be wena ED a a ae 3 bos ae TG
16.
_— : ; D. inal cdo enrer Whee 19.
17. | Ends of of ie areas conver: wank: or siarailel a es ee ee N. irrorata Gruy.
— divergent Soa F Bo Fete ah . 18.
18. Areas contracted in the middle ... . N. inhalata A. S.
bot — _ _ be de G asi N. fluitans Bron.
Ends of the areas parallel or divareeat J... . WN. Lyra Ens.
19.
— convergent . 4. MM. appr ee Grev. (N. spactolislie var.).
etal an areas with a band of short strie OI. Y ' ae, ss 21.
20. — punctate or dotted mala nm eS ‘ . 24,
— smooth... . i 8 ae eee 83.
91. — fissures in contrary aiictions .. .. WN. variolata Cu.
_— the same — ; ; Sata ae BE
99. oar twice as close as the strie .. . ' ee 8 . N. illustra Pant.
and striw equidistant. .. . — a 23.
93. oe about 9 in 0,o1 mm. . p> oes efaran i N. copiosa A. S.
—14 — : ree, P . N. Sandriana Gron.
24. has Axial aes of the valve elevated ah the iia ; edek’, 09 4 ie tood . . 26.
= not — _— ee eee ee ; es BB
25. ea with puncta in short undulating rows... ... N. venustissima Kirt.
— irregular puncta ms ; : 4 3 hs Ge . N. venusta Jan.
26. Areas narrow ...... mo Je oN. ‘hate var. biharensis.
broad... , BRE. Re eae Bde : . 27.
97. { ro indentate in the middle e. ak N. spectabilis var. jningarica and var. excavata.
— not — — — Sa ae ee 0
Areas semiorbicular . . ; oo wos N. oamaruensis Grun.
28. ;
semielliptical . ..... PE ote . 9 we se stand 29.
29. | odian por portion of the areas smooth. . ...... . . « N. Stercus muscarum Cu.
— — punctate j na ; . 80.
Minds POBtTALE: hs.) age rte oe (Ee ie Ea N. clavata var. indica.
30.
— non— . : Heo om 28K
Areas with large dois 6 N. perfecta Pann, (N. Hennedyi var. caliginosa and var.
31. Neapolitana).
— short, undulating rows of puncta. : ..... N. reticulo-radiata Br. a. Temp.
— irregular puncta .. ©. ........04. ‘ - 82.
32. | strie of 2 to 4 puncta. ... N. pretexta Exp. (N. Hennedyi var. wncinisctian
— —4t8 — ae, my N. Schaarschmidtit Pant.
33. eng constricted in the middle . . LN. clavata var. exul (N. Hennedyi var. constricta).
not — _— ee WA pag Ge sie he cioeas cee Goats me, mated a «io
tog rostrate . eh bad ban nine ee BO N. clavata Grxc.
34.
= ponies gk Gl hg meee wi oe ‘ oe. gy BD:
ares contracted in the middle . : a XN. spectabilis Grxe.
35.
not — _— Se a ee ep ee aed gases ah BO:
ised DrOads a <% ie. oo Gta thod Votnden 1 Gah hime Beak a Bm atin’: af N. Hennedyi W. Sm.
36.
MAEQOW 6. cS Ge ie se ato eee dey dh. Sas ca lout SSE Ala? 28 as 387.
37. te Dias MM a a ee ow Ge Se Re hed .. N. turgidula Pant.
L. 0.09 to 017 mm. ee Ce ee ee ey ae .. . N. irrorata Grev.
1. N. concilians Cr. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,045; B. 0,023

mm. Lateral areas not uniting with the central area, linear or narrow lunate, not sharply defined.
Marginal. strie 13 to 14 in 0,01. mm. Puncta about 18 in 0,01 mm., becoming more distant to-
wards the areas. — Pl. I f. 25.

Marine: Honolulu!

In this form the lateral areas are separated by a row of puncta from the small central
nodule. It is therefore to be considered as a transitional form from the Punctate to the Lyrate.
Similar forms are known from Samoa (lanceolate. L. 0,066; B. 0,03 mm. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm.)
and from Madagascar.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. N:0 3. 55

2. N. connectens Grun. (1886). — V. elliptical or lanceolate, with rounded or cuneate ends.
L. 0,072 to 0,13; B. 0,035 to 0,038 mm. Lateral areas linear, ending at a considerable distance
from the ends of the valve. Strie 8 to 9, puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. — N. Lyra var. connectens GRun.
in Pane. I PL. RXTY £. 221,

Marine: Atlantic City, N. Jersey, fossil (Deby Coll.)! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

3. N. H album Ct. N. Sp. — V. broadly elliptical, or almost orbicular. L. 0,076; B. 0,052
mm. Terminal fissures at a right angle to the median line. Lateral areas almost parallel, ab-
breviate, somewhat distant, producing in the middle of the valve a figure resembling the letter H.
Marginal striz 14, axial strie 18 and puncta 16 in 0,01 mm. — Part I Pl. IV f. 8, 9.

Marine: China (Van Heurck and Deby Coll.)!

4. N. Schaarschmidtii Pant. (1886). — V. elliptical. L. 0,075 to 0.13; B. 0,04 to 0,065
mm. Lateral areas not sharply defined, with scattered puncta, and sometimes larger dots. Mar-
ginal strie 9 to 15 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 10 to 14 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie of 4 to 8 puncta. —
Pane. 1p. 28 PE XIV £ 121.

Marine: Hungary, fossil! Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! Maryland, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

This species is nearly akin to N. transfuga in the group Punctate.

5. N. reticulo-radiata Temp. a. Brun (1889). — V. elliptical. L. 0,1; B. 0,067 mm. Lateral
areas large, not sharply defined, with short undulating longitudinal rows of puncta. Marginal
strie 10 in 0,01 mm. Puncta about 8 in 0,01 mm. Axial strizw of single puncta. — D. fossiles
de Japon p. 44 Pl. V f. 4.

Marine: Japan, fossil! China (Deby Coll.)!

6. N. Stercus muscarum Cu. N. Sp. — V. elliptical. L. 0,072; B. 0,042 mm. Areas large,
lunate, not sharply defined, smooth in the middle and with scattered, larger puncta on their
sides. Marginal striz 10 in 0,01 mm., short, finely punctate. Axial strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm.
very short. — Pl. I f. 27.

Marine: China (Van Heurck Coll.)!

7. N. pretexta Ens. (1840). — V. elliptical. L. 0,045 to 0,19; B. 0,03 to 0,11 mm. Lateral
areas large, semielliptical, not sharply defined, with scattered puncta. Strize marginal, 6 to 8 in
0,01 mm. Puncta 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie of 3 to 4 puncta. — Pinn. pret. Eup. Ber.
1840 M. G. XIX f. 28. Nav. pret. Gree. D. of Clyde p. 481 Pl. IX f. 11. Donk. B. D. p. 10
Pl Ir f. 1. A. S. Atl. IIT f. 31-34; CXXIX f. 7. V. H. Syn. p. 92 Pl. IX f. 13. Wr
Archangelsk D. Pl. IX f. 4. Jan. Gaz. Exp. XV f. 21. .

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Ceylon! Australia! Japan! Kerguelens
Land! Cape Horn (Petit)! Macassar Straits! West Indies! North Carolina! Fossil: Archangelsk!
Moravian Tegel! Upper tertiary deposits of Hungary! Moron! Japan! Hayti (Truan and Witt),
Oamaru, N. Zealand! California!

Var. abundans A. S. (1888). — V. rhombic-elliptical. L. 0,1; B.0,o7 mm. Areas not defined,
covered with puncta (4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.) in connection with the puncta of the marginal striz.
Marginal striz 6 in 0,01 mm., their puncta 6 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. CXXIX f. 8.

Marine: Monterey and S:ta Monica, Cal. fossil!

Var. abnormis Cu. — L. 0,14; B. 0,075. Strie 11, puncta 14 in 0,01 mm. Marginal strie
in the middle of the valve close, 14 in 0,1 mm.

Marine: Soundings, Lat. 12° 24 N., Long. 122°15 Gr. (Rae Coll.)!

Var. Haytiana Truan and Wirt (1888). — L. 0,16; B. 0,12 mm. Marginal strie 8 in 0,01
mm. No axial strie. — N. Haytiana Truan a. Witt Jeremie D. p. 17 Pl. IV f. 9.

Marine: Hayti, fossil (Truan a. Witt).

56 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var Lunyaczeki Pant. (1886). — L. 0,11; B. 005 mm. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. interrupted
in the middle of the valve. — N. Lunyac. Pant. I p. 26 Pl. XIV f. 122. N. pretexta Truan a.
Witt Jerem. D. p. 17 Pl. IV f. 8.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.), Hayti (Truan a. Witt.).

N. pretextu is a most variable species, passing into N. Hennedyi var. circumsecta.

8. N. irrorata Grey. (1859). — V. with parallel margins and cuneate ends, or lanceolate.
L. 0,09 to 0 175 B. 0,045 to 0,06 mm. Lateral areas not sharply defined, linear, with straight
exterior margins, smooth. Marginal strie 7 to 10, puncta 6 to 9 in 0,01 mm. Axial striz of 2
to 5 puncta. — Edinb. N. Ph. J. X p. 27 PL IVfi1. A.S. Atl. ID f. 22, 23.

Marine: Adriatic! Sydney! Calif. guano (Grev.), West Indies! Mexico! Campeachy Bay! Florida!

Var. mexicana Cu. — Lanceolate. LL. 0,12; B 0,053. Strie 7, puncta about 5 in 0,01 mm.
— N. trrorata A. 8. Atl. IT f. 19.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.).

Var. substauroneiformis Grun. (1874). — L. 0,08; 0,04 mm. Strize 7, puncta 9 in U,o1 mm.
Central nodule incrassate and transversely dilated. — N. approxim. v. substauroneif. A.S. Atl. IT f. 20.

Marine: Campeachy Bay!

Var. ceylanica Cu. — Elliptical. L. 0,095; B. 0,05 mm. Marginal striew 14, their puncta
about 21 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie 17, their puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.

Columbo, Ceylon (Letourneur Coll.)!

Var. elliptica Ct. — Elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,075 to 0,13; B. U,o3 to 0,055 mm.
Areas with convex exterior margins, convergent. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Puncta about 9 to
10 inequidistant. — Icon. n. Part I Pl. IV f. 13.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.)! Gulf of Mexico! West Indies! China! Manila (Deby Coll.)!
Fossil: Hungary, Kekké (Deby Coll.)!

9. N, perfecta Pant. (1886). — V. elliptical. L. 0,116 to 0,14; B. 0,068 to 0,07 mm. Areas
not sharply defined, semilanceolate, with large crowded dots. Striz 9 (10 to 11 accord. to Pant.),
puncta about 10 in 0,01 mm. The puncta become less crowded towards the area and are there
arranged in almost regular, longitudinal rows. — Pant. I p. 28 Pl. XXIIT f. 207. .

Marine: Hungary, fossil!

Var. Letourneurit Panr. (1889). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,08; B. 0,032
mm. Striz 12,5, puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. — N. Letour. Pant. IT p. 49 Pl. XXIV f. 358.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

10. N. venusta Jan. Ms. — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,07 to 0,11; B. 0,05 to 0,04 mm.
Axial part elevated. Lateral areas not sharply defined, semilanceolate with scattered puncta. Striz
13 in 0,01 mm. closely punctate near the margin. — Gazelle Exp. XV f. 17.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

Var. intermedia Cu. — V. elliptical. L. 0,097; B. 0,052 mm. Lateral areas large, semi-
lanceolate, dotted on the part near the axial striz, punctate on the part near the marginal strie,
puncta distant, gradually passing over to the marginal striae. Marginal striz 13, their puncta 18
in 0,01 mm. Axial part less distinctly elevated.

' Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Tempére).
This variety seems to connect N. venusta with N. perfecta.

F 11. N. Barbitos A. S. (1888). — V. strongly silicious, rhombic-lanceolate, with the axial

part elevated towards the ends. L. 0,18 to 0,22; B. 0,055 to 0,013 mm. Lateral areas linear, not

sharply defined, almost parallel, approximate to the median line. . Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. punctate;

puncta closer (about 14 in 0,01 mm.) near the margins than near the latera] area (about 9 in 0,01

mm.), where they form undulating and obscurely decussating longitudinal rows. — Atl. CX XIX f. 5.
Marine: Singapore! Cebu! Sumatra! Sumbava!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 24. N:0 3. 57

12. N. venustissima Kirron (1892). — V. lanceolate, with elevated axial part. L. 0,13 to
0,2; B. 0,055 mm. Lateral areas not sharply defined, large, semilanceolate, covered with undulating
longitudinal rows of puncta. Marginal striz 10 and their puncta 11 in 0,01 mm. — Lezup. Fort.
D. de la Malaisie p. 17 Pl. II f. 3. Icon. n. Part. I Pl. IV f. 12.

Marine: Penang Harbour! Hongkong (Deby and Rae Coll.)! Samarang (Grove Coll.)!

13. N. inhalata A. 8. (1874). — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,08; B. 0,035 to 0,045 mm.
Areas not sharply defined, broadly linear, constricted in the middle and convergent at the ends.
Strie 13 to 14, puncta 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. II f. 30.

Marine: Madagascar! Philippines! Samoa (Atl.). Fossil: Moravian Tegel! Hungary (Pant.),
S:ta Monica Calif.!

Var. lanceolata Cu. — V. with rostrate ends. L. 0,065; B. 0,035 mm. Strize and puncta
12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Manilla (Deby Coll.)!

Var.? biharensis Pant. (1889). — L. 0,052; B. 0.0265 mm. Areas with scattered puncta.
Striz 12,5 to 13 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. — Pant. IT p. 48 Pl. VIII f. 139.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

The var. béharensis seems to be more akin to N. spectabilis.

14. N. rudis Cr. (1881). — V. elliptical. L. 0,052 to 0,1; B. 0,032 to 0,os mm. Areas not
sharply defined, linear, abbreviate. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. closer and in
double rows near the margin. — N.R. D. p. 8 Pl. ID f.17. WN. Truant Pant. I p. 29 Pl. IT f. 19 (1886).

Marine: Balearic Islands! Moron, Spain, fossil!

15. N. fluitans Brun (1591). — V. elliptical. L. 0,14 to 0,16; B. 0,05 to 0,o6 mm. Areas
not sharply defined, linear, extending to the ends. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., puncta about 11 in 0,01
mm. — D. Esp. n. p. 34 Pl. XV f. 13.

Marine: Mauritius (Brun), Cabenda, Western Africa (Brun).

16. N. variolata Ci. (1892). — V. orbicular. L. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,096 to 0,12 mm. Median
line with terminal fissures in contrary directions. Lateral] areas large, semicircular with numerous
dots and in the middle a linear band of short, punctate strie. Marginal strie 17 to 18, puncta
about 22 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie of 5 to 6 puncta. — Diatomiste I p. 76 Pl. XII f. 7. A.S.
Atl. CLXXIV f. 26.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

This species, resembling N. rimosa and N. Oamaruensis, is well distinguished by its termi-
nal fissures.

17. N. oamaruensis Grun. (1888). — V. nearly orbicular. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,053 to 0,10
mm. Lateral areas semicircular, large with scattered large puncta and dots. Median line with
bayonet-shaped terminal fissures. Marginal strie 10 to 11, puncta 14 in 0,01 mm. Axial striz
of one or two puncta. — A. 8. Atl. CXXIX f. 9.

Marine: Oamaru, fossil!

18. N. Hennedyi W. Sm. (1856). — V. elliptical. L. 0,045 to 0,12; B. 0,03 to 0,053 mm.
Lateral areas broad, semilanceolate, with parallel interior margins. smooth. Marginal strie 9 to
11, puncta 14 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — B. D. II p. 93. Gree. T. M.S. 1V Pl. V f. 3 (1856). Grey.
Verh. 1860 III f. 21. Donx. B. D. If. 3. A.S.N.S.D. If. 41. Atl TT f 18 V. HW. Syn.
p. 93 Pl. IX f. 14.

Marine: Greenland! Finmark! Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea!
Red Sea! Madagascar! Cape of Good Hope! Ceylon! Philippines! China! Japan! California! Gala-
pagos Islands! Cape Horn! West Indies! Fossil, Hungary!

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 27. N:o 3. 8

58 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. maxima Cu. — L. 0,21; B. 0,114 mm. Striz and puncta 9 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Sendai, Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!
Var. tenuistriata. — L. 0,18; B. 0,09 mm. Striz and puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Mexillones Guano (Deby Coll.)!

Var. undulata Cu. (1881). — L. 0,07; B. 0,035 mm. Margins triundulate. Striz 14, puncta
18 in 001 mm. — N. R. D. p. 7 Pl. II f. 19.

Marine: Galapagos Island!

Var. Centraster Cu. — L. 0,125; B. 0,007 mm. Areas broad with a group of 5 to 9 large
granules on both sides of the central nodule. Striz 13, puncta 20 in 0,01 mm. — Part. I Pl. IV f. 14.

Marine: Mexillones Guano (Deby Coll.)!

Var. Schleinitzii Jan. (1881). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,12; B. 0,075 mm. Lateral areas
broad in the middle, narrower towards the ends. Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — WN. Schlein. A. S.
Atl. LXX f. 43. Jan. Gaz. XV f. 1.

Marine: Leton Bank (Atl.), Cape Horn (Petit).

Var. finitima Jan. — V. lanceolate, often with slightly triundulate margins. L. 0,11 to
0,14; B. 0,o6 mm. Areas broad in the middle, suddenly narrowed towards the ends. Interior
margins of the areas convergent. Strie 9 to 13, puncta 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm. — Gazelle Exp.
XV £. 2 to 4, 18.

Marine: Falkland Islands (Deby Coll.)! Morocco! Madagascar! Columbo, Ceylon (Letour-
neur Coll.)!

Var. manca A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical. LL. 0,15; B. 0,069 mm. Areas broad with con-
vergent interior margins. Strize 9, puncta about 12 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. IIT f. 17.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. californica Gruv. (1859). — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,01; B. 0,04 to 0,053 mm. La-
teral areas very large, semielliptical, smooth. Strie 10, puncta 13 in 0,01 mm. — N. californica
Grev. Edinb. N. Ph. J. X p. 29 Pl. IV f. 5. WN. calif. var. campechiana Gron. in A. S. Atl. IIT f. 19.

Marine: California (Grev.), West Indies! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Campeachy Bay!

Var. circumsecta Grun. (1874). — V. elliptical. L. 0,06 to 0,19; B. 0,03 to 0,08 mm. Areas
large, semilanceolate, with numerous dots and sometimes, large puncta. Strize 9 to 15; puncta 10
to 18 in 0,01 mm. — N. polysticta var. cireumsecta Grun. in A. S. N. D. p. 89 Pl. I f. 36, 42.
Atl. III f. 27, 28. N. polysticta A. S. Atl. III f.. 26. N. californica A. S. Atl. HI f 6. WN.
Henned. var. granulata Grun. in A. 8. Atl. III f. 3. Jan. Gazelle Exp. XV f. 14.

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Ceylon! Madagascar! Mary-
land (Deby Coll.)! Florida! Cape Horn! Galapagos Islands! Mexillones Guano (Deby Coll.)! Hun-
gary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. neapolitana Cu. — V. elliptical with subcuneate ends. L. 0,15; B. 0073 mm. Areas
narrow, about 1/, of the breadth of the valve, with large, scattered dots. Strive 7,5, puncta
10 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Gulf of Naples!

Var. nebulosa Grua. (1857). — V. elliptical. L. 0,055 to 0,085; B. 0,025 to 0,o42 mm. Areas
very large, suddenly narrowed at the ends, smooth. Striz 14 to 16, puncta 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm.
— N. nebulosa Gree. D. of Clyde p. 480 Pl. IX f. 8. Donk. B. D. p. 11 Pl. ID f. 2. A. S. Atl.
III f. 14; LXX f. 44. Nav. Hennedyi Wirt Archangelsk D. IX f. 5.)

Marine: North Sea! Morocco! Mediterranean Sea! Madagascar! Ceylon! Galapagos Islands!
Florida! Fossil: Archangelsk (Witt). .

The N. Hennedyt var. fossilis Pant. (II p. 47 Pl. XII f. 207) has a narrower area, and
belongs probably to the var. nebulosa, to judge from the fine striation. -

Forma bacillifera Panv. (1889). — L. 0,112 to 0,125; B. 0,048 to 0,062 mm. Strie 16 to 18
in 0,01 mm. Areas with irregular linear markings. — N. bacillifera Pant. II p. 42 Pl. V f. 80.
N. Hennedyi var. abnorm. A. 8, Atl. CXXTX f. 14,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 27. w:o 3. 59

Marine: Galapagos Islands! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

The linear markings on the area are of no specific value, as they occur also in other
varieties of N. Hennedyi. Such a form with 11 strie and puncta in 0,01 mm. 1 have found in
the Bory deposit (Hungary), this and another form with 12 strie and 14 puncta in 0,01 mm.
from Nossi Bé (Brun Coll.) may be associeted with NV. rugosa Jan. Gaz. Exp. Pl. XV f. 11 and
belong to the Nav. Hennedyi-type. :

Var.? difficilis Panr. (1893). — L. 0.0467; B. 0,03 mm. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. (punctation
not figured). — N. difficilis Pant. II] Pl. XLI f. 560.

Marine: fossil »Nyermegy» (Pant.).

Var. caliginosa Cu. a. Grove (1891). — L. 0,08; B. 0,05 mm. Marginal striz and their
puncta 18 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie 21 in 0,01 mm. Areas large, covered with irregularly scat-
tered dots and with a large punctum on one side of the central nodule. — Diatomiste I p. 67
PI, X 4, 8. :

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. constricta Putrr (1877). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. — Perry Campbell
I. D. p. 24 Pl. IV f. 13. _

Marine: Campbells Island. 7

Var. cuneata Grun. (1874). — V. with cuneate ends. L. 0,083; B. 0,045 mm. Strive 9 in
0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. III f. 4.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl).

Var. minuta Cu. (1881). — L. 0,027 to 0,05; B. 0.016 to 0,027 mm. Strie 8 or 10 (margi-
nal) to 9 or 14 (axial) in 0,01 mm. Puncta 13 to 17 in 0,01 mm. Areas narrow. — N. R. D.
p. 7 Pl £ Bb. 1 = Be a

Marine: Galapagos Islands! Tahiti!

Var. tahitensis Cu. (1881). — L. 0,04 to 0,045; B. 0,017 to 0,023 mm. Striz 13 or 14
(marginal) to 15 or 17 (axial) in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. Areas narrow. — N. R. D.
pe 8 EL. 1d 14, —

Marine: Adriatic! Tahiti! Sandwich Islands!

19. N. copiosa A. 8. (1888). — V. elliptical. L. 0,1 to 0,17; B. 0,046 to 0,o9 mm. Lateral
areas luneate, with convergent interior margins and with an elongated spot of short strie in the
middle. Marginal strie and their puncta 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Axial strie of 6 to 7 puncta. —
Atl, CXXIX £6. |

Marine: Mexillones Guano!

This form might be regarded as a variety of N. Hennedyi (nearest to the var. manca).

_ 20. N. illustra Panr. (1892). — V. elliptical. L. 0,13; B. 0,055 mm. Lateral areas broad,
lunate, smooth, but with a longitudinal band of coarsely punctate strie in the middle. Marginal
striz 14, their puncta 27 to 28 in 0,01 mm. Axial band of striz moderately broad. — Panr. III
Pl. I f. 17. WN. Ypsilon Cu. Part J-Pl. IV f. 10.

Marine: Bory, Hungary!
This is a very distinct form, remarkable not only for the band of striz in the middle of
the area, but by its extremely finely punctate strie.

21. N. Sandriana Grow. (1863). — V. elliptical. L. 0,1 to 0,12; B. 0,06 to 0,07 mm. Areas
large, semielliptical, with dots, disposed in irregularly curved rows, and in the middle a longitu-
dinal band of punctate strie. Marginal strie 14 to 16 and their puncta 13 to 17 in 0,01 mm.
Axial strie of 3 to 8 puncta. — Verh. 1863 p. 153 Pl. IV f. 5. N. rimosa Grev. T. M. S. XIV
p. 129 Pl. XII f. 25 (1866).

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.), Red Sea (Deby Coll.)!

60 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. levis Cu. — L. 0,07 to 0,113 B. 0,05 to 0o6 mm. Areas smooth. Marginal striz 10
to 13 and their puncta 11 to 16 in 0,01 mm. Axial striw of 3 to 5 puncta. — N. Sandriana
A. S. Atl II f. 10; LXX f. 45. Pant. I p. 28 Pl. IX f. 82.

Marine: North Sea (Bohuslin! Sélswig, Atl.), S:t Brieuc (Atl.), Morocco! Balearic Islands!
Cannes! Red Sea (Deby Coll.)! Madagascar (Kinker Coll.)! Fossil, Hungary!

22. N. spectabilis Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,03 to 0,06 mm.
Lateral areas broad, convergent, narrowed in the middle. Striz 6 to 14, puncta 10 to 23 in 0,01
mm. — D. of Clyde p. 481 Pl. IX f. 10. A. S. Atl. III f. 20-21. Donk. B. D. p. 12 PLIf. 5.
N. Hennedii JantscH Guano p. 28 Pl. II f. 138. N. mikado Panv. III Pl. XXIII f. 334 (1893)?

Marine: Greenland! North Sea! Morocco! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Bab el
Mandeb! Ceylon! Java! Philippines! Japan! Cape Horn (Petit), Colon (Deby Coll.)!| Fossil: Au-
gamos Guano (Jan.), Hungary (Pant.), S:ta Monica, Calif.!

N. spectabilis is extremely variable and comprises forms connecting NV. Hennedyi and N. Lyra,
no absolute limit existing between these three species.

Var. maxima Cu. — V. elliptical. L. 0,16; B. 0,08 mm. Areas linear. Strize 5 in 0,01 mm.
Puncta 7 in 0,01 mm. disposed in longitudinal rows.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. bullata Cu. — L. 0,11; B. 0,05 mm. Lateral areas with a row of large puncta. Striz
10, puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — N. bullata var. obtusa Casrr. Voy. Challenger p. 29 Pl. XXVIII f. 10.

Marine: Singapore!

Forma Moélleriana Jan. (1881). — V. subhexagonal to elliptic-lanceolate. Lateral areas
narrow, scarcely narrowed in the middle. L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,05 to 0,053 mm. Striz 7, puncta 10
in 0,01 mm. — N. bullata var. Mélleriana A. S. Atl. LXX f. 51, 52.

Marine: Australia (Atl.).

Var. madagascarensis CL. — V. with subcuneate ends. L. 0,125 to 0,155; B. 0,062 to 0,068
mm. Striz and puncta 13 in 0,01 mm.; the latter forming almost straight longitudinal rows.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck Coll.)! Nossi-Bé (Tempére)!

Var. controversa A. S. (1874). — L. 0,09; B. 0,035 mm. Lateral areas in the middle linear,
dilated and then narrowed towards the margins. Strie 10, puncta 13 in 0,01 mm. — N. Hennedyi
var. controversa A. 8. Atl. III f. 5.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Var. abbreviata Cu. — V. with slightly constricted middle and broad, cuneate ends. L. 0,083;

B. 0,03 mm. Areas short not reaching to the ends of the valve. Striw 12 (axial and terminal
15), puncta 15 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Madagascar!

Var. Rattrayt Pant. (1889). --- V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0.0775; B. 0,o32 mm. Areas as in
var. abbreviata. Marginal striz 10, terminal Me in 0.01 mm. finely punctate. — N. Rattrayi Pant.
II p. 52 Pl. XXX f. 427.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. emarginata Cu. — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,11; B. 0,03 to U,o42 mm. Areas broad,
notched in the middle. Striz 12, puncta 18 in 0,01 mm. Central nodule sometimes transversely
dilated. — N. excavata A. S. Atl. III f. 22—25. Jantscu Gazelle Exp. XV f. 22.

Marine: Sierra Leone (Deby Coll.)! Japan (Atl), Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Nottingham,
Maryl. fossil (Rae Coll.)!

Var. Angelorum Cu. (1881). — V. elliptical. L. 0,085 to 0,2; B. 0,047 to 0,09 mm. Areas
broad sinuate in the middle, attenuate towards the ends, smooth. Strie 7 to 15, puncta 14 to
16 in 0,01 mm. Central nodule sometimes transversely dilated. —- N. excavata var. Angclorum
Cu. N. R. D. p. 8 Pl. II f. 20, N. Oswaldi Jantscu, N. excavata var. mesoleia Grun. in A. 8. Atl,
LXX f. 46 (1881).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. N:0 3. 61

Marine: California, fossil (Monterey, S:ta Monica, S:ta Maria, S:n Redondo)! Bolivia Guano!

Intermediate forms to typical Var. excavata occur in the California earth.

Var. hungarica Pant. (1889). — L. 0,114; B. 0,06 mm. Striz 22, puncta 20 in 0,01 mm.
Area with a few scattered dots. — N. Oswaldi Pant. II p. 52 Pl. XXV f. 370.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. excavata Grev. (1866). — L. 0,076 to 0,14; B. 0,065 to 0,07 mm. Areas as in var.
Angelorum, but with numerous, scattered dots. Strie 14 to 16; puncta 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. —
N. excavata Grev. T. M. S. XIV p. 130 Pl. XII f. 15. Nav. Oswaldi Jantscu Gaz. Exp. XV f. 12.

Marine: Red Sea (Grev.), Madagascar! S:ta Monica, Calif., fossil! Hungary, fossil!

23. N. australica A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical. L. 0,045; B. 0,o22 mm. Lateral areas
linear, with slightly concave exterior margins, tapering towards the ends, abbreviate. Strie 11
in 0,01 mm. Puncta? — Atl. II f. 37. f. 12?

Marine: 8:t Vincent (Austr.).

This species, unknown to the author, appears to be a small variety of N. spectabilis or a
form of N. Lyra var. atlantica.

24. N. genifera A. 8. (1874). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,05 to 0,o6 mm. La-
teral areas narrow, constricted in the middle, slightly convergent. Marginal strie 9 and their
puncta 9 in 0,01 mm., the latter forming longitudinal rows. Axial strie 9 in 0,01 mm. composed
of about 3 puncta. Puncta of the striz are confluent close to the sinuses of the areas. — Atl. II f. 6.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.)! Puerto Caballo (Atl.).

25. N. abrupta Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical. L. 0,055 to 0,085; B. 0,022 to 0,034 mm.
Axial areas distinct, narrowed towards the central nodule and the ends. Lateral areas narrow,
short, constricted in the middle and with convergent interior margins. Strize 10 in 0,01 mm.,
finely punctate; puncta about 23 in 0,01 mm. or indistinct. — WN. Lyra var. abrupta Gree. D. of
Clyde p. 486 Pl. IX f. 14, 14 b. N. abrupta Don. B. D. p. 13 Pl If. 6. A.S. N.S. DI
f. 37. Atl. TIT f. 1, 2. V. H. Syn. p. 94 Pl. X f. 4.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Black Sea! Red
Sea! Labuan! China! Fossil: Hungary (Pant.).

N. abrupta seems to be a distinct species, not closely connected with the others, distinguished
by its axial area and the fine punctation of the strie.

26. N. clavata Grue. (1858). — V. elliptical, with rostrate ends. L. 0,04 to 0.09; B. 0,022
to 0,055 mm. Lateral areas usually broad and semilanceolate with divergent ends. Marginal
strie 10 to 14, axial strie 14 to 16, puncta 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — T. M.S. IV p. 46 Pl. V f. 17.
Donx. B. D. p. 15 Pl Wf. 8 A.S.N.S. D. If. 83. Atl LXX f. 50. MN. Wrightt O’MEara
M. J. VII p. 116 Pl. V f 4 (1867). N. Hennedy: var. clavata V. H. Syn. p. 93. N. Lyra var.
A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 47.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Seychelles! Madagascar! Ceylon! Sumatra!
Singapore! China! Japan! Samoa! Galapagos Islands! West Indies! Florida! Delaware! Connecticut!

Var. caribea A. 8S. (1874). — Lateral areas contracted in the middle. L. 0,11; B. 0,044
mm. Strize 1], puncta 13 in 0,01 mm. — N. caribea A.S.N.S.D. If. 40. Atl. ID #17; LXX f. 48.

Marine: North Sea (A. S.), Jamaica (Atl.), Mediterranean Sea (Peragallo).

Forma minor Cit. — L. 0,065; B. 0,028 mm. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. Puncta indistinct.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.).

These varieties connect N. clavata with N. spectabilis.

Var. exsul A. S. (1874). — V. constricted in the middle. L. 0,044 to 0,068; B. 0,021 to 0,038
mm. Lateral areas broad, sometimes dotted. Marginal strie 11 to 14, puncta 17 to 20 in 0,01
mm. Axial strie 12 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — N, easul A. S. Atl. IT f. 13.

62 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Labuan! Galapagos Islands! Flo-
rida! Campeachy Bank (Atl.).

Var. rhombica Cu. — YV. rhomboid or broadly lanceolate. L. 0,105 to 0,125; B. 0,056 to
0,o75 mm. Lateral areas broad, tapering from the middle to the ends, where they reach the
margin. Strie 12 to 13, puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. — Part I Pl. IV f. 11.

Marine: Morocco! Galapagos Islands.

Forma minuta. — L. 0,055; B. 0,035 mm. Strie 19, puncta 22 in 0,01 mm., the latter
disposed in longitudinal rows.

Marine: Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Var. proxima Jan. — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,105 to 0,15; B. 0,056 to 0,07 mm. La-
teral areas narrow, subparallel, gradually tapering towards the ends, where they reach the margin.
Strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — N. proxima A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 49. Jan. Gazelle Exp. XV f. 5 to 7.

Marine.

This variety is nearly akin to var. rhombica, but has narrow lateral areas and connects
N. clavata with certain forms of N. Lyra.

Var. elongata Purac. (1888). — V. with rounded not rostrate ends. L. 0,11; B. 0,043 mm.
Striee 14 in 0,01 mm. — Villefr. D. p. 48 Pl. V f. 37.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Perag.).

This variety connects N. clavata with N. Hennedyi.

Var. indica Grev. (1862). — V. elliptical, rostrate. L. 0,1 to 0,16; B. 0,056 to 0,068 mm.
Lateral areas broad, semilanceolate, with scattered dots. Strize 12, puncta 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm.
— N. indica Gruv. T. M. 8. 1862 p. 95 Pl. IX f. 13. Janiscu Gazelle Exp. XV f. 15, 19, 20.
N. hibernica O'Meara M. J. VII p. 115 Pl. V f. 1 (1867). N. Hennedyi var. granulata Leup. Fort.
D. de Ceylon IX f. 88.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.), Ceylon! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Macassar Straits! Manilla!
Cebu (Rae Coll.)!

27. N. diffluens A. §S. (1874). —- V. elliptical with broad rostrate and truncate ends.
L. 0,045; B. 0,023 mm. Lateral areas linear, slightly convergent. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm., distinctly
punctate. The axial striee form a band, broader than that of the marginal striw. Central area
dilated towards the lateral areas. — Atl. II f. 15.

Marine: Campeachy Bank (Atl.).

28. N. samoensis Grun. (1881). — V. linear with rounded ends. L. 0,068; B. 0,012 mm.
Lateral areas narrow, more approximate to the margin than to the median line, convergent at
the ends. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. LXX f. 41.

Marine: Samoa (Atl).

29. N. distenta A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical, rostrate, with slightly convex margins, con-
stricted in the middle. L. 0,06; B. 0,027 mm. Lateral areas narrow, constricted in the middle.
Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. — Atl. II f. 14.

Marine: Campeachy Bank (Atl).

Seems to be a variety of some of the forms intermediate between NV. clavata and N. Lyra.

30. N. approximata Grev. (1859). — V. lanceolate, frequently with cuneate or subrostrate
ends, and with parallel margins. L. 0,075 to 0,15; B. 0,04 to 0o8 mm. Lateral areas narrow,
convergent at the ends. Striz 7,5 to 10; puncta 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm.

Forma typiea. Broadly linear with cuneate ends. L. 0,11; B. 0,o46 mm. Strie 8, puncta
11 in 0,01 mm. — N. approximata Grey. Edinb. N. Ph. J. X p. 28 Pl. IV f. 4. Cu. West. Ind.
D.p.4 PLIf 1. N. Hennedyi var. niceensis Purac. Villefr. D. p. 47 Pl. V £. 39 (1888).
Marine: California guano (Grev.), Florida! West Indies! Connecticut! Ceylon! Madagascar!
Tahiti! i

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. wn:o 3. 63

Var. Couperit Batu. (1850). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. — Pinnul. Couperi
Bat. Smiths Contr. II p. 39 Pl. IL f. 33.

Marine: Florida (Bail.).

Var. Kittoniana A. S. (1874). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,075 to 0,15; B. 0,04 to 0,08
mm. Strie 7,5 to 10, puncta 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm. — N. Kittoniana A. S. Atl. II f. 10.

Marine: Brazil (Deby Coll.)! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Pensacola!
Campeachy Bay! Sierra Leone (Deby Coll.)! Red Sea! Ceylon (Leud. Fortm.), Seychelles (Van
Heurck Coll.)! Mauritius (Deby Coll.)!

31. N. turgidula Pant. (1893). — V. broadly elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,047;
B. 0,033 mm. Lateral areas narrow, broader in the middle and convergent at the ends. Strie
13 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate. — Pant. IJJ Pl. XXXII f. 462.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

32. N. Lyra Eup. (1843). — V. elliptical with rounded or rostrate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,18;
B. 0,026 to 0,o6 mm. Lateral areas narrow, linear, constricted in the middle, or not, divergent at
the ends or not. Strie 6 to 14; puncta 7 to 18 in 0,01 mm.

Var. elliptica A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical, with rounded to subrostrate ends, or subhexa-
gonal. L. 0,12 to 0,18; B. 0,04 to 0,o6 mm. Lateral areas linear, convergent towards the ends.
Strie 6 to 7, puncta 7 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — N.S. D. Pl. If. 39. Atl ID f 29. V. H. Syn. X
f. 2. Jantscu Gazelle Exp. XV f. 23.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Ceylon! Madagascar! Seychelles (Van
- Heurck Coll.)! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Philippines! Singapore! Fossil: Moravian Tegel!

Forma bullata Norm. (1861). — L. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,06 to 0,o7 mm. Areas with a row of
large puncta. Striz 6, puncta 11 in 0,01 mm. — N. bullata Norm. T. M. S. 1861 p. 8 Pl. II f. 7.
A. 8. Atl. III f 8—9.

Marine: Ceylon (Letourneur Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Japan (Atl.), Australia
(Norm.), Samoa (Atl.).

Var. Ehrenbergii Cu. — V. elliptical, with rostrate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,165; B. 0,026 to
0,054 mm. Lateral areas constricted in the middle, with divergent ends. Strive 9 to 12, puncta
16 to 21 in 0,01 mm. — N. Lyra Eup. Am. I: 1 f. 9 a. Gree. D. of Clyde Pl. IX f. 13 6. Jan.
Rasy. Honduras D. III f. 7. Jantsco Guano Pl. I A f. 26. Donn. B. D. p. 14 Pl II f. 7.
A. 8. Atl. II f. 11, 16, 25. V. H. Syn. p. 93 Pl. X f. 1. Janiscu Gazelle Exp. XV f. 13. N. Gre-
goryana Grev. M. J. V. p. 10 Pl. III f. 7 (1857).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Red Sea! Madagascar! China! Japan! Sumatra!
Australia! Samoa! Galapagos Islands! Honduras (Jan. Rabh.). Brazil! Florida! New York! Fossil:
Baltchik! ,

Var. dilatata A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical, rostrate. L. 0,08; B. 0,044. Lateral areas
slightly convergent. Strie 11, puncta about 14 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. II f. 26.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.). .

Var. denudata Grun. Ms. — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,1; B. 0,045 to 0,05 mm. Lateral
areas as in the var. Ehrenbergii, but dilated as they reach the margins of the valve. Striz 10,
puncta 17 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: S:ta Monica, Calif. fossil!.

Var. atlantica A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical, with parallel margins and cuneate ends. L. 0,06
to 0,1; B. 0,026 to 0,032 mm. Lateral areas not reaching to the margins of the valve. Strie 9
to Uti 0,01 mm. Puncta very close. — N. 8. D. If. 34. Atl. ID f. 33? WwW. Couperi Atl. TI
f. 12? N. Lyra dilatata perpusilla Pant. I p. 27 Pl. XVII f. 150.. N. Lyra var. elliptica A. 8.
N.S. D. Pl. Lf 35, 38

Marine: North Sea! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This var. graduates into N. connectens Grun.

64 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. subelliptica Cu. — V. elongated, elliptical, non rostrate. L. 0,065 to 0,13; B. 0,035 to
0.048 mm. Lateral areas as in var. Ehrenbergii. Strie 9 to 11, puncta 17 to 22 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Japan! Philippines! Fossil at Bory Hungary!
Monterey and S:ta Monica, Calif.! Mexillones guano (Deby Coll.)!

This variety is nothing but a non-rostrate form of the var. Ehrenbergii and graduates into
N. spectabilis. Such transitional forms are the fig. 9 Pl. XV in Janisch Gazelle Exp. D. N. Lyra
var. producta Pant. III Pl. XXXII f. 466 and var. acuta f. 468, var. hungarica Pant. Pl. XXXIV
f. 479. A specimen in Deby’s Coll. from Bory in Hungary approaches very near to N. Hennedyi
var. fossilis Pant. II Pl. XII f. 207.

Var. insignis A. 8. (1874). -- V. elliptical. L. 0,05 to 0,068; B. 0,027 to 0,032 mm. Lateral
areas distant, abbreviate. Striz strongly radiate, 10 (middle) to 13 (ends), puncta 18 in 0,01 mm.
— Atl. If f. 27.

Marine: Japan (Atl.), Madagascar!

Var.? seductilis A. S. (1874). — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,015 mm.
Areas slightly convergent. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. — W. sed. A. S. Atl. II f. 35, f. 36?

Marine: Ceylon (Atl.).

Var. acuta Pant. (1889). — V. broadly elliptical, with acute ends. L. 0,09 to 0,040 mm.
Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II p. 50.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. producta Pant. (1889). — V. elongate-elliptical. L. 0,145; B. 0,057 mm. Strie 12 in
0,o1 mm., slightly radiate. — Panrv. IT p. 50.

Marine: Hungary, fossil.

Var. recta Grev. (1859). — V_ elongated, lanceolate, frequently with slightly rostrate ends.
L. 0,135 to 0,21; B. 0,047 to 0,078 mm. Axial part not distinctly elevated towards the ends.
Lateral areas linear, parallel, approximate to the median line. Strie 7 to 12; puncta 10 to 12
in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal, undulating rows. — Edinb. N. Ph. J. X p. 28 Pl. IV f. 3
(1859). A. S. Atl. II f. 18. Prracauto Villefr. D. p. 49 Pl. IV f. 36. Jantscu Gaz. Exp. XV f. 8.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Perag.), S:t Peter Hungary, fossil! Rio Janeiro (Deby Coll.)!
Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), California guano (Grev.), Seychelles and Samoa (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Forma fornicata A. 8. (1874). -- Lanceolate. L. 0,15; B. 0,057 mm. Strie 8, puncta 9
in 0,01 mm., crossed by an arcuate, blank line. — Atl. II f. 9. :

Marine.

Forma abnormis A. 8. (1874). — Lanceolate. L. 0,165; B. 0,06 mm. Lateral areas mode-
rately broad. Striz 8, puncta about 10 in 0,01 mm. Median striz much closer and more finely
punctate. — Atl. IT f. 8.

Marine: Zanzibar (Atl.).

Var. subcarinata Grun. (1874). — As var. recta, but with the axial part of the valve
elevated. Striz 11 to 16, puncta 12 to 14 in 0.01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. II f. 5.

Marine: Ceylon! Seychelles! Java (Kinker Coll.)! Singapore! Philippines! Samoa! Tahiti!

Var. signata A. S. (1874). — As var. recta, but with an orbicular spot on both sides of
the central nodule, crossed in the middle by a longitudinal, fissure-like marking. L. 0,09 to 0,16;
B. 0,035 to 0,07 mm. Striz and puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. II f.4. NM. Zanzibarica var.
A. 8. Atl CXXIX f. 4. N. Zauzib. var. zebuana Caster. Voy. Challenger p. 31 Pl. XXVIII f. 8.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), Elephanta Island (Atl.), Hongkong (Rae Coll.)! Cebu!

Var. zanzibarica Grev. (1866). — As. var. recta, but with an orbicular spot on both sides
of the central nodule, inside which the puncta form a star of radiate lines. L. 0,2 to 0,24;
B. 0,06 to 0,07 mm. Striz and puncta 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — N. zanz. Grev. T. M. S. 1866
p. 129 Pl. XII f, 24. A.S, Ath IT £3.

Marine: Zanzibar! Seychelles! Madagascar! Sumatra!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%, wN:o 3. 65

Var. Robertsoniana Gruv. (1863). — V. lanceolate. Margins usually with three to four
slight undulations. L. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,058 to 0,o65 mm. Lateral areas linear, parallel, approxi-
mate. Striz 7 to 8, puncta 7 to 9 in 001 mm. — N Rob. Grev. T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII
p- 235 Pl. Tif. 9. A. S. Atl I f. 7.

Marine: Ceylon! Singapore! Manilla! New Caledonia! Samoa!

Forma bullata Cu. — L. 0,165; B. 0,07 mm. Strie 6, puncta 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. Lateral
areas with a row of large puncta.

Marine: Hongkong (Deby Coll.)!

33. N. Durandii Kitton (1888). — V. lanceolate with elevated axial part. L. 0,32; B. 0,1
mm. Lateral areas approximate, parallel, narrow. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm., very slightly radiate,
composed of elongated puncta, forming longitudinal straight rows, 4 in 0,01 mm. Axial striz 10
in 0.01 mm., composed of 2 to 3 puncta. -- A. S. Atl. CXXIX f. 1.

Marine: Singapore! Java (Deby Coll.)!

Var. intermedia A. S. (1888). — V. elliptical-lanceolate. L. 0,16; B. 0,o63 mm. Lateral
areas with a row of large puncta. — Atl. CXXIX f. 3.

Marine: Singapore.

Var. rhomboides Castrac. (1886). — V. with triundulate margins. L. 0,19 to 0,23; B. 0,06
to 0,o76 mm. Lateral areas with a row of large puncta. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. — N. bullata var.
rhomb. Castrac. Voyage Challenger p. 30 Pl. XXX f. 17. NW. Durandii var. rhomb. A. S. Atl.
CXXIX f. 2.

Marine: Hongkong! Cebu (Rae Coll.)! Singapore (Atl.).

34. N. Reichardtii Gruw. (1879). — V. elliptical. L. 0,022 to 0,029; B. 0,0115 to 0,o2 mm.
Lateral areas linear, convergent towards the ends, in the middle united by the stauroid trans-
versely dilated central nodule. Striz 13 to 17 in 0,01 mm., very finely or indistinctly punctate.
On the part enclosed by the lateral areas are no, or indistinct, striae. — Cu. M. D. 208 to 210. A.
S. Atl. LXX f. 23 to 29. V. H. Syn. Pl: X f. 9.

Marine: Norway, Grip! Adriatic!

Var. Tschutchschorum Cu. (1883). — L. 0,1; B. 0,0065 mm. Strie 13 in 0.01 mm. —
N. Tsch. Vega p. 472 Pl. XXXVIT f. 48.

Marine: Cape Deschneff!

35. N. pygmea Kitz (1849). — V. hyaline elliptical. Li. 0,028 to 0,045; B. 0,016 to 0,024
mm. Lateral areas convergent and constricted in the middle. Striz fine, about 26 in 0,01 mm. —
Sp. Ale. p. 77. W. Su. B. D. IL p. 91. Donc. B.D. yp. 10 PLIf 1. A. S. N.S. D1 £ 48.
Atl. LXX f. 7. V. H. Syn. p. 94 Pl. Xf.7. N. minutula W. Sm. B. D. I p. 48 XXXT f. 274 (1853).

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! North Siberian Sea! Baltic! North
Sea! Magdeburg (Atl.), Argentina! Galapagos Islands!

36. N. forcipata Grev. (1859). — V. elliptical with rounded ends. L. 0,04 to 0,08; B. 0,02
to.0,026 mm. Median line with incrassate median pores. Lateral areas narrow, constricted in the
middle, with convergent ends. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — M. J. VII p. 83 Pl. VI
£10, 11, Done. B.D, p. 12 PLU 4 A. 8. N.S. D.1 £45, 11 f. 16, 18. Atl, GXX £1.
V. H. Syn. p. 94 Pl X f. 3.

Marine: Greenland!. North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Black Sea! Red Sea! Cape of Good
Hope! Nicobar Islands! Philippines! California! Galapagos Islands! Florida! Fossil, Hungary (Pant.).

Var. punctata Cu. — L. 0,06; B. 0,025 to.0,o3 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. punctate, puncta
10 to 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Morocco! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)!

k. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. Nio 3. . 9

66 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. versicolor Grun. (1874). — Lateral areas broader, not constricted in the middle. Striew
10 in 0,01 mm. punctate, puncta 17 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — WN. versicolor Grun. A. 8. N. 8. D. I
f. 17. Atl. LXX f. 18 to 22. V. H. Syn. Pl. X f. 6. MN. rovignensis Grun. in Cu. M. D. N:o 209
(1879). N. seduetilis var. Parag. Villefr. D. p. 49 Pl. II f. 20.

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Sumatra!

Var. nummularia Grev. (1859). — V. nearly orbicular. L. 0,023 to 0,045; B. 0,017 to 0,038
mm. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, puncta about 18 in 0,01 mm. — N. numm. Grey.
Edinb. N. Ph. J. X p. 29 Pl IV f. 6. WN. foretp. var. nummularoides Grun. A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 30,
31, 39, 40 (1881).

Marine: Adriatic (Atl.), Bab el Mandeb! Madagascar! Cape of (sood Hope (Atl.), Java!
California guano (Grev.), Florida!

Var. suborbicularis Grun. (1880). — As var. nummularia, but with closer strie, 13 to 14
in 0,01 mm. L. 0,018 to 0,036; B. 0,012 to 0,oo4 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. X fi 5.

Marine: Spitsbergen! North Sea! Balearic Islands! Seychelles! Zulu Sea (Deby Coll.)! Gala-
pagos Islands!

Var. densestriata A. S. (1881). — Eliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,012 to 0,018 mm. Strie
15 to 22 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. LXX f. 12 to 16. ™. fore. var. minor A. 8. Atl. LXX f. 32. A. 8.
N. 8. D. If. 44.

Marine: North Sea! Corsica! Cape of Good Hope! Java! Japan! Campeachy Bank (Atl.).

This variety connects N. forcipatu and N. pygmea, so that the latter might be regarded as
a variety of N. forcipata.

Var. balnearis Gruy. (1880). — V. linear-elliptical. L. 0,037; B. 0,01 mm. Lateral areas
not constricted in the middle, and forming by their junction a broad stauros. Strie 18 in 0,01
mm. — WN. pygm. var. balnearis Grun. in V. H. Syn. X f. 8.

Slightly brackish water: Sweden, Ronneby, fossil!

Additional.

N. seriosa Panr. (III Pl. XXXII f. 464). — Elliptical, rostrate-acuminate. L. 0,047; B..0,038
mm. Lateral areas moderately broad, with scattered linear markings, very slightly constricted in
the middle and convergent at the ends. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Navicule Levistriatez Cu.

Valve in outline more or less lanceolate. Axial area linear, abruptly dilated around the
central nodule to an orbicular space, or transverse fascia, or uniting with the central area in a
more or less broad, lanceolate space. Strive usually coarse, radiate, not distinctly punctate or
lineate, not crossed by longitudinal lines or furrows. Terminal fissures of the median line usually
small and indistinct. Connecting zone not complex.

This section is remarkable for its apparently smooth striz, and might on that account have
been placed in the genus Pinnularia. But most of the species bear a closer relationship to the
true Navicule than to the Pinnulariz, and, besides, it is possible that the striz may be only
apparently smooth. Nav. palpebralis, which I place in the section, is usually described and figured
as having distinctly punctate striz, but I have never been able to detect any punctate character
in its strie. It does however contain several forms (as for instance Nav. bituminosa) which are
closely related to species of Pinnularia, belonging to the section divergentes of that genus. On
the other hand several species shew a close affinity to those of the section Entolei¢ of Navicula.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. wo 3. 67

Thus, it appears that the forms of the levistriate are intermediate between the Pinnularie and
the true Navicule.

The species of this group are usually inhabitants of brackish water and estuaries, but
there are also purely marine forms among them.

Artificial key.

1 aay sigmoid. . . . : pas 3 Ras | a V. Raeana Castr.
: — straight ....... ae. 55: ODS
| Axial area abruptly dilated into an sattonlie cane area or Laniaueeke a ee OB:
‘| Axial and central area uniting into a lanceolate or linear space Ape. ae ee Gs
3. ae strie of equal length. . eek. ae. oe Bear et hiass ; 4.
— alternately longer and shoeler : ee a 6 eg NV. lauta Gron.
4 {mi area orbicular . . a er ee a 5.
— a transverse fascia... ........4.4. F 6.
5. ie acute or rostrate Reeey trtneaveyeeen. 9 ge wid ‘ : x depane W. Sm.
obtuse... ... .N. Chyzeret Pant, N. Biscernenta Pant., NV. grata Pant.
6. tenes large. L. about 006 mm... . 1... ee te iN. Biewnnasa Pant.
small. L. about 0,02 mm. . . . iV. megastauros Cu.
7 ae triundulate. ... N. Aveslaugiana Gass: W. gbpelniites v, Botteriana Grun.).
NOt See te UR. idee UR. atest a as ap et tee ge ps a Oe) 8h
8. oe radiate throughout . owe Bo RO A ae aes : 9.
Terminal strie convergent or pareiiel Sp ds Bea eee Gos e-4; Ae Ae eels
9. pe strie of equal length. ...... ie a dels , : dog do LO)
. — alternately longer and shorter. . fo ho ghey BL Lew gy Del
10. es Very broad! se wg eS a eee ee ae a 2... NM. marginulata Cu.
medium ‘sized BS ee See Mahal ses BS ay ae oade ce we ae Gp ek ota Be A NV. palpebralis Bris.
11. ae MAITOW iio t,o BndS Weal wR hoe Al ee Be a NV. Vahliana Grow.
yrhombic-lanceolate . . . 006.) ee N. solida Cu.
Valve elliptical: 4.9.0 4-2 32a @ ee OR Pee! a eee SD Pe N. Kochit Pant.
12.
ee VAM CEOVA CC ims. Se se eae ae es a Ta ep tt a ie ay ig an 6 13.
13 ee coarse, distant, 4 to 8 in Oot mm. .......... ... N. yarrensis Grun.
: — closer, 8to9in O01 mm .... 12. 2 ee eens . N. halionata Pant.
1. N. bituminosa Pant. (1889). — V. oe lsneaelnte, with subacuminate ends. L. 0,065;

B. 0,0145 mm. Central pores of the median line somewhat approximate. Axial area narrow, linear.
Central area a broad suborbicular fascia, almost reaching the margin. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.,
divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. —- Panr. II p. 42 Pl. VII f. 137.

Brackish water: Hungary fossil!

Var. latecapitata Pant. (1889). — V. linear, with broad, rostrate ends. L. 0,064; B. 0,0135
mm. Strie 8,5 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II 1. ec. f. 133.

Brackish water: Gyéngyés Pata, Hungary fossil (Pant.).

Var. robusta Pant. (1889). — V. with capitate-rostrate ends. L. 0,085; B. 0,018 mm. Cen-
tral area lanceolate. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II Pl. XI f. 202.

Brackish water: Erdébenye, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. signata Panr. (1889). — V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,068; B. 0,018 mm.
Central area a transverse fascia reaching nearly to the margin. Striz 11 to 12,5 in 0,o1 mm. —
Pant. II p. 48. WN. bit. v. valida Pl. V f. 89.

Brackish water: Gyéngyés Pata, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. staurophora Pant. (1889) — V. lanceolate. Li. 0,054 to 0,075; B. 0,013 to 0,015 mm.

Central area a broad fascia, reaching to the margin. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — Panr. II
Pl. V f. 87, 88.

Brackish water: Hungary fossil (Pant.).

Var.? cincta Pant. (1889). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,075; B. 0,016 mm.

Area lanceolate, very wide. Strie 12,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. cincta Pant. II p. 44 Pl. XI f. 196.
Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

68 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Nar. bituminosa is a variable species, which is closely akin to Pinnularia, section divergentes.
On the other hand some of its varieties seem to be akin to varieties of Nav. Yarrensis. The areas
are subject to great variation, and there are gradual passages from forms with a perfect trans-
verse fascia, to forms with the central and axial areas uniting in a lanceolate space. As the
most extreme form of this kind I regard Nav. cincta Pant,, which I know only by the figure in
Pantocsex’s work. Pantocsex considers it as a distinct species, and if so another name is neces-
sary, as the name cincta has been used for another, well known species.

2. N. Chyzereii Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with obtuse extremities. L. 0,066;
B. 0,019 mm. Axial area distinct, linear, abruptly dilated to an orbicular central area. Strive 8
to 10 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Pant. II p. 43 Pl. V f. 96.
Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

3. N. discernenda Panr. (1889). — V. linear-elliptical, with subeuneate ends. L. 0,037 to
0,05; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Axial area very narrow; central area large, orbicular. Strie 12 to
14 in 0,o1 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Pant. II p. 45 Pl. XXII f. 335.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil!

N. discernenda is closely akin to N. Chyzereti and scarcely more than a small variety with
somewhat closer striz.

4. N. grata Pant. (1889). — V. narrow, elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,084; B. 0,015 mm. Median
pores distant. Axial area narrow linear, strongly dilated in the middle. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm.,
divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends, their terminations angularly bent. — Pant. IT
p. 46 Pl. It f. 21.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

5. N. elegans W. Sm. (1853). — V. lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,027 mm.
Median line with distant central pores and semicircular terminal fissures. Axial area very narrow;
central area large, orbicular. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle, convergent
at the ends. — Br. D. I p. 49 Pl. XVI f. 187. Donx. Br. D. p. 23 PL. IV f. 1.

Marine to brackish: England! Bohuslan!

Var. cuspidata Cu. — V. rostrate. L. 0,08; B. 0o2 mm. Strix closer, about 12 in 0,01 mm.
Brackish water: Atlantic coast of North America!

6. N. lauta Grun. (1888). — V. linear-elliptical, with subcuneate ends. L. 0,095; B. 0,028
mm. Axial area lanceolate, dilated in the middle. Median line with the terminal fissures in
contrary directions (Grun.). Strie 13 (9 to 10 Grun.) in 0,01 mm. ‘divergent in the middle, con-
vergent at the ends, in the middle alternately longer and shorter. — V. H. Types 542 Bot.
Centralbl. XXIII p. 324. Icon. n. Part. I Pl. I f. 30.

Brackish water: South Yarra, Australia!

7. N. megastauros Cy. (1883). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,02;
B. 0,oo8 mm. Axial area indistinct; central large, transverse, dilated to a stauros, reaching nearly
to the margin. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle, transverse at the ends.
-— Vega p. 464 Pl. XXXV f. 19.

Marine: Cape Deschneff!

Stauroneis delicatula Leup. Fortm. (Ceyl. p. 36 Pl. III f. 34, 1879) is twice as large as.
NV. megastauros and seems to be akin to it. I have not seen this species.

8. N. halionata Panr. (1886). — V. lanceolate, gradually tapering from the middle to the
obtuse ends. L. 0,12 to 0,22; B. 0,03 to 0,048 mm. Area broad, lanceolate. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01

KUONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%, w:o 3. 69

mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends; a few shorter striw are occasionally inter-
ealated among the median. — Pant. I p. 25 Pl. XI f. 94. II Pl. If. 12.

Marine, brackish: Hungary fossil! Atlantic City, N. Jers. U. 8S. Amer. foss. (Deby Coll.)!

Var. robusta Pant. (1889). — L. 0,117; B. 0,036 mm. Strie 10 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm. —
Nav. robusta Pant. II p. 53 Pl. IX f. 159.

Brackish water: Hungary, foss. (Pant.).

Var. directa Pant. (1889). — V. linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,11; B. 0.024 mm. Striz
10 in 0,01 mm. — Pant. II p. 46 Pl. XII f. 211.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. minor Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,09; B. 0,025 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01
mm. — Pant. II p. 46 Pl. XXVI f. 381.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Nav. halionata is a beautiful species, akin to WN. Yarrensis and N. palpebralis, but much
larger. Between N. halionata and N. robusta I am unable to find any difference of importance.

9. N. Raeana Casrr. (1886). — V. lanceolate sigmoid, twisted. L. 0,09 to 0,15; B. 0,035
to 0,04 mm. Area narrow, somewhat dilated in the middle. Striee smooth, 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm.
— Pinn. Raeana Caster. D. Challenger p. 25 Pl. XV f. 3. Nav. contorta Kirron Ms.

Brackish water: Ceylon! Singapore! Java! Sumatra! Labuan! Hongkong!

This remarkable form is nearly akin to N. Yarrensis, of which it is perhaps a contorted
variety.

10. N. Yarrensis Gru. (1876). — V. lanceolate, to narrow elliptical. with obtuse ends.
L. 0,06 to O20; B. 0,02 to 0,038 mm. Median line with small terminal fissures. Area linear to
lanceolate, more or less broad. Strie 4 to 4,5 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle slightly con-
vergent towards the ends, where they are a little closer. — A. S. Atl. XLVI f. 1 to 6. Panr. 1
Pl. II f. 20; II Pl. X f. 178, XII f. 219, XVI f. 274.

Brackish water: Kiel (Atl.), Hungary, fossil! S. Africa! Madagascar! Singapore! Ceylon!
Java! Japan! Australia! Florida! Atlantic City N. Jers. U. S. Amer. fossil (L. 0,16; B. 0,03.
Striz 6 in 0,01 mm.). Cameroon!

Var. americana Cu. — L. 0,09; B. 0,018. Strie 7 to 8 in 0,o1 mm. Area narrow.

Brackish water: Atlantic coast of U. 8. Quincy Mass.! Cape May! Connecticut!

Var. bituminosa Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,056 to 0,075; B. 0,016 to 0,0185
mm. Area lanceolate, wide. Strie 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — Panr. II p. 55 Pl. IV f. 74.

Brackish water: Gyéngyés Pata etc., Hungary (Pant.).

Var. gracilior Pant. (1889). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,062; B. 0,o16 mm. Area wide. Striz
6 in 0,o1 mm. — Pant. II p. 55 Pl. XXI f. 323.

Marine: Bory Dept. Hungary (Pant.).

Var. valida Pant. (1889). — V. broad, lanceolate. L. 0,057; B.0,o2 mm. Area wide, lanceo-
late. Strize 7 to 8,5 in 0,01 mm. — Panr. II p. 55 Pl. XII f. 212.

Brackish water: Szurdok-Piispéki Dept. Hungary (Pant.).

Var. De Wittiana Kain & Scuutrz. — V. broadly linear with protracted ends. L. 0,11;
B. 0.03 mm. Area narrow, lanceolate. Strie 5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. De Wittiana Kain & Scuuttz
Tor. Bot. Club Aug. 1889 Vol. XVI N:o 8 p. 209 Pl. XCIII f. 5.

Marine: Atlantic City, N. Jers. foss. (Deby Coll.)!

Var.? aradina Pant. (1893). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,06; B. 0,o2 mm. Area broad, lanceolate.
Strie 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. aradina Pant. IIT Pl. XXX f. 434.

Marine?: Kavna-Bremia, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var.? Phalangium Pant. (1893). — Linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,017 mm.
Area narrow-lanceolate. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. phalangium Pant. III Pl. XXX f. 432.

Marine?: Kavna-Bremia, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

70 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Simbirskiana Panv. (1889). — V. lanceolate with protracted ends. L. 0,048; B. 0,015
mm. Area lanceolate. Strize 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Simbirskiana Pant. Il p. 53 Pl. XII f. 216.

Marine: Russia, Ananino, foss. (Pant.).

Var. hevesensis Pant. (1889). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with subcuneate ends.
L. 0,072; B. 0,015 mm. Area wide, linear. Strie 6,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. hevesensis Pant. II
p 47 Pl. IV f. 67.

Brackish water: Hungary, foss. (Pant.).

11. N. Kochii Panr. (1889). — V. elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,017 to 0,014
mm. Median line with approximate central pores, and small curved terminal fissures. Area narrow,
linear-lanceolate, widened in the middle. Strie slightly radiate in the middle, 8 (8 to 12 Pant.)
in 0,01 mm., convergent at the ends. — Panr. II p. 49 Pl. IV f. 72.

Brackish water: Hungary, foss. (Pant.).

12. N. Areschougiana Grun. (1860). —- V. narrow, linear, triundulate, with subrostrate,
obtuse ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,008 mm. Area linear. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — Grun. Verh. 1860
p. 521 Pl. IIT f. 28.

Marine: Sweden, Bohuslan (Grun.)-

This species is entirely unknown to me, having never seen in the numerous gatherings from
west-coast of Sweden. which I have examined, anything similar to the fig. of Grunow. I have
provisionally placed this form near to Nav. palpebralis, among the varieties of which isa triundu-
late form, viz. var. Botteriana.

13. N. Vahliana Grun. (1874). — V. lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,04;
B. 0,011 mm. Area narrow lanceolate. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., divergent and alternately longer
and shorter in the middle, transverse at the ends. — A. S. N. S. D. Pl. II f. 21.

Marine: North Sea (A. 8.).

This speciee is unknown to me, perhaps a variety of N. palpebralis.

14. N. palpebralis Bris. (1853). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,038 to
0,08; B. 0,013 to 0,016 mm. Area broad, lanceolate. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout,
not distinctly punctate. — Brés. in W. Sm. B. D. Ip. 50 Pl. XXXI f. 273. Grun. Verh. 1860
p. 536 Pl. III f. 27. Donk. B. D. p. 25 Pl. IV f. 3. V. H. Syn. p. 96 Pl. XI f. 9.

Marine, usually litoral: Davis Strait! North Sea (coast of England, Norway and Bel-
gium)! Atlantic (Morocco)! Mediterranean (Balearic Islands! Adriatic Grun.), Galapagos Islands!
Connecticut!

Var. Barclayana Gree. (1857). — V. broad, linear with acuminate-apiculate ends. L. 0,041
to 0,043 (0,1 to 0,11 according to Greg.); B. 0,02 (0,026 to 0,03 according to Greg.) mm. Strize
11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Barcl. Grea. D. of Cl. p. 480 Pl. IX f. 9. Nav. palp. var. Barkl.
Vo o. Syn. pi. OF PL AL £12.

Marine: North Sea (Scotland, Greg., Belgium, V. H.), Mediterr. (Balearic Islands, Adriatic)!

Var. angulosa Gruc. (1856). — V. as the type. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,014 to 0,o21 mm.
Area lanceolate, angular in the middle. — Nav. angulosa Gree. T. M. 8. IV p. 42 Pl. V f. 8.
Donk. B. D. p. 26 Pl IV fi 4. A. S.N.S. D. ID £19. Naw. palp. var. angulosa V. H. Syn.
Pl. XI f. 10.

Marine: North Sea (Sweden! Belgium V. H.), Mediterranean (Naples)!

Var. semiplena Gree. (1859). — V. narrow, elliptic-lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,06
to 0,075; B. 0,013 to 0,015 mm. Area narrow, lanceolate. — Pinn. semipl. Gree. M. J. VII p. 84
Pl. VI f. 12. Nav. angulosa var. @ Grec. T. M. S. IV p. 42 Pl. V f. &*. Nav. semipl. Donx. B.
D. p. 26 Pl. IV f. 5. Nav. presecta A. S. N.S. D. p. 90 Pl II f. 20?

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Scotland (Grev.), Morocco! Fossil, Baldjik!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. n:o 3. 71

Var. obtusa V. H. (1885). — V. lanceolate, with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,05; B. 0,017
mm. Area lanceolate. — Syn. p. 97 Pl XI f. 8.

Marine: Belgium (V. H.).

Var. minor Grun. (1880). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with acute ends. L. 0,035 to 0,043;
B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm. Area lanceolate. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 30 Pl. I f. 23.
V. H.S. p. 97 Pl. XI f. 11. Nav. minor Grae. D. of Cl. p. 477 Pl. IX f. 1 (1857)?

Marine: Finmark! Belgium (V. H.).

Var. Botteriana Grun. (1860). — V. broad, lanceolate, with slightly triundulate margin.
L. 0,07 to 0,08; B. 0,02 to 0,023 mm. Area large, lanceolate. Striz 8 in 0,o1 mm. (finely punctate,
Grun.).. — Nav. Bott. Groy. Verh. 1860 p. 535 Pl. III f. 20. Nav. Esoculus Scuum. P. D. p. 189
Pl. IX f. 538?

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

Forma minor Grun. — V. with rostrate ends and triundulate margins. L. 0,04; B. 0,0136
mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. — 1. ¢. f. 10.

Marine: Adriatic (Grun.).

15. N. solida Cx. (1880). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with subacute ends. L. 0,058; B. 0,024
mm. Area rhombic-lanceolate. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., the median alternately longer and shorter.
— A.D. p. 183 PLIf. 24.

Marine: Finmark!

16. N. marginulata Cu. (1881). — V. rhomboid. I.. 0,042; B. 0,012 mm Area very large.
Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. — N. R. D. p. 11 Pl. Ill f. 29.
Marine: Pensacola, Florida!

Pinnularia Ens. (1843).

Valve more or less elongated, usually linear, with rounded, obtuse, sometimes capitate, ends.
Median line straight or flexuose. Terminal fissures generally large and distinct. Structure: appa-
rently more or less smooth, transverse striz, usually radiate or divergent in the middle, convergent
at the ends. Connecting zone not complex. — The chromatophores form two plates, closely following
the interior surface of the connecting zone. At the division of the cell they migrate from the
zone to the interior surface of the valves, and are then split up along the longitudinal axis of the
valve by fissures, simultaneously in the middle and at the ends (Pritzzr, Bau und Entw. p. 51).
— On conjugating, two parallel cells form two small egg-shaped auxospores, one above the other.
The auxospores are later on developed into cylindrical transversely annulated bodies, bearing at
their ends hemispherical caps (PrrtzzR, Bau und Entw. p. 67).

The following description of the structure of the valve is principally an abridged account
of the researches of Prirzzr (Bau und ‘Entw. p. 30), Fléemn (J. R. M.S. ser. 2 IV p. 505) and
especially Orro Miiizr (Ber. d. D. Bot. Ges. VII p. 169, 1889).

The valve forms a more or less convex shell, and its median part a more or less narrow,
structureless area (the axial area) usually dilated in the middle to an irregularly rounded space,
or to a transverse fascia (the central area) and at the ends to a smaller space (the terminal area
or nodule). The axial area is bordered by strig, in most cases radiate in the middle and con-
vergent at the ends. In the middle of the central area is the central nodule, and, connecting the
central and terminal nodules, the median line.

The strie are thinner parts of the valve and according to Pritzer furrows on the outside,
according to FiéezL and Mttuer channels on the inside, of the valve, closed, except in the middle,

72 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

where is a large foramen. The foramina form in the large rspecies, a more or less distinct or
broad longitudinal band across the strie.

The central nodule consists of a conical silicious mass, projecting in the inside of the cell,
usually excentric, so that one margin of its base (the median margin) coincides with the axis of
the valve. Between the nodules of both valves, in the interior of the cell, is the median plasma-
mass, containing in its middle the nucleus. According to Orro Miimr the central nodule has, on
the top of the cone or its median side, an open shallow furrow, in both ends of which is a pore,
by which the plasma communicates with a system of closed channels in the central nodule and,
by means of similar channels in the median line, with open fissures in the parts of the median
line which are between the centre and the ends. From these pores pass vertically, through the
solid mass of the nodule, two channels (the channels of the central nodule) which terminate on the
exterior of the valve as two bulb-shaped pores (the median pores). The channels of the central
nodule each give rise to two parallel, closed, channels, one above the other (the exterior and in-
terior channels).

Two similar channels also open into the terminal nodules. The exterior of these channels
is at its end bent towards that side of the valve, on which the central nodule is situated, and
terminates in an oblique, sometimes spirally twisted, fissure (the terminal fissure), which bends
round the terminal nodule. The terminal fissures are in most cases turned to the same side, but
in some few cases in contrary directions. Their shape is somewhat different in different groups,
sometimes curved and comma-like, sometimes straight, giving to the ends of the median line a
bayonet-like shape.

On the lower side of the curved end, or opening of the exterior channel, opposite to the
terminal fissure, is a triangular fissure (the funnel) which passes obliquely through the terminal
nodule, and opens with its pore-like apex into the plasma-mass at the ends of the cell. The
median part of the funnel communicates with the interior channel of the terminal nodule.

The exterior and interior channels from the central to the terminal nodules are connected
by a fissure of more or less complicated structure. In many cases this fissure forms a filiform line
and seems then to be simply a vertical fissure. In other cases it is broad, and lies in an oblique
position. In some of the larger species the fissure is of a more complex nature, being formed by
the junction of short knife-like laminz projecting from both halves of the valve. From the
half of the valve, on which the central nodule is situated project three, in some cases two, such
lamine, alternating with two (or one) lamine from the other half of the valve. In some of the
larger species the anterior laminz on the half of the valve which contains the central nodule
cover the lamin on the other half of the valve on two portions of the median line, thus giving
rise to a biundulated median line.

The genus Pinnularia comprises a great number of forms, both marine and fresh-water, the
latter being very predominant, forming an important and very characteristic part of the fresh-
water diatomaceous flora, both recent and fossil. The marine forms are not all closely connected.
One group among them is characterized by the peculiar form of the large terminal fissures, pro-
jecting from the ends of the median line at an angle of about 90°. To this group belong P. Tre-
velyana, P. rectangulata, P. groenlandica, and in a less degree P. cruciformis. The latter seems to
be connected with P. quadratarea, having indistinct terminal fissures. Smaller marine forms bear
a great resemblance to the smallest fresh-water Pinnularie of the group Parallelistriate. Among
the marine forms are a few more or less panduriform, which appear in several respects to be
akin to panduriform species of the genus Caloneis.

The fresh-water forms pass into one another to a great extent, so that the definition of good
or distinct species or groups is a matter of the greatest difficulty or almost impossible. Still, I
think some groups of forms may be distinguished, although closely connected with each other.
Such groups are the following:

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3, is

I. Parallelistriate, which comprises forms generally small, often with capitate or rostrate
ends, and with close, parallel or slightly radiate strie. The axial area is indistinct or very
narrow.

Several of these forms resemble small fresh-water species of Caloneis, and it may be in
some cases questionable whether they should be classed with Pinnularia, or with the forms
of the Caloneis Silicula-type. The only distinction is the absence of the longitudinal line which
crosses the striz of the Caloneis-forms, and which is indeed often seen in these only with great
difficulty.

II. Capitate. Small forms, with capitate or rostrate ends, radiate strie, and narrow or
indistinct axial area.

UI. Divergentes. Smaller or larger, linear, sublanceolate, or subelliptical forms, with
rounded ends and strongly radiate striz. The axial area, in some species narrow, is in others
moderately broad. From the smallest species of this group, P. Brébissonii, to the large P. epis-
copalis is a continual series of forms, while on the other side P. Brébissonii is closely connected
with P. microstauron of the Capitate. Small forms of P. Brébissonii seem also to graduate into
the group of

IV. Distantes, comprising lanceolate to elliptical, or elliptic-linear forms, remarkable for
their distant striz.

V. Tabellariee, comprising forms generally linear, narrow, often gibbous in the middle
and at the ends. The striz are usually strongly radiate in the middle, and convergent at the
ends. The terminal fissures are more or less bayonet-shaped. The area is distinct but moderately
narrow. This group is closely connected with the divergentes, P. Legumen being an intermediate
form. On the other hand it is also closely allied with the next.

VI. Brevistriate, comprising linear forms, with very broad axial area and parallel striz.
In P. hemiptera this group touches the following.

VU. Majores, usually large, linear, and slender forms with parallel or radiate strie,
narrow area, oblique median line and comma-like, terminal fissures.

VIII. Complexe, linear, usually Jarge forms, remarkable for their complex median line.

Several forms belonging to Pinnularia have some apparent resemblance to those belonging
to Caloneis, but it is questionable whether they are really connected. The longitudinal struc-
tureless depression of P. Trevelyana and P. groenlandica seem to point to an affinity with some
species of Caloneis, which also have smooth striz, but the terminal fissures of the above named
species of Pinnularia are too peculiar to allow of their union.

Among the Navicule are some forms, which, on account of their smooth striae might be
placed in Pinnularia, especially Navicula Yarrensis, typical specimens of which have some likeness
to P. alpina; but there is, I believe, no true relation between these forms, the terminal fissures
of P. alpina being spirally twisted and large, those of Nav. Yarrensis being indistinct.

Among the many fossil forms, recently discovered in Hungary and described by Dr. Pan-
TOCSEK, are several closely connected with N. Yarrensis and with N. elegans. These forms are
also allied to the group of Nav. palpebralis. All these seem to be related to the group of Nav.
lineolate, for which reason I consider it more natural to class Nav. Yarrensis and its allied forms
in Navicula than in Pinnularia. The small species Nav. hungarica and Nav. costulata with
coarse, apparently smooth, strie seem naturally to belong to the same group as Nav. Yarrensis,
although it may not be denied that they are also akin to some forms of the Lineolate, for in-
stance Nav. cincta.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3. 10

74 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

I. Gracillime.

Artificial key.

i jee rounded ..... a a ee : eee 2 2s
— capitate or rostrate . : i & a a eee
9. es not interrupted . . : dele ‘ P. sublinearis Grun.
— interrupted .. .... .. : is Pet e Be ;
3, ee trie almost parallel . . . oo are es be, he Ew, PB: leptosoma Gron. ')
in the middle slightly wales fae tie) abe went P. molaris Gron.
é es CApIAte. 2 Sot ke ah tia Bad : ‘ P. undulata Gaze.
‘ — rostrate . a. ‘ ; re .. . . . P. gracillima Grea.

1. P. gracillima Gree. (1856). — V. linear, triundulate, with rostrate to subcapitate ends.
L. 0,026 to 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Areas indistinct. Striew, 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. —
M. J. IV Pl. If. 31. Nav. gr. V. H. S. Pl. VI f. 24. N. mesotyla Scuum. Tatra D. Pl. IV f. 51?
Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.), Greenland! .

2. P. undulata Grae. (1854). — V. linear, with more or less distinctly triundulate margins
and broad, capitate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,035; B. 0,oo6 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area or-
bicular or a transverse fascia. Strize 22 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, convergent at the a“ —
M. J. I, Pl. IV f. 10. — Cu. D. of Finland p. 30 Pl. II f. 8.

Fresh water: Sweden (Pautriisk in Stensele Lappmark)! Finland, Savitaipale Dept! Scot-
land (Greg.).

Var. subundulata Grun. — V. with less distinctly undulated margins. Strie 18 to 21 in
0,o1 mm., not interrupted. — V. H. Types N:o 140.

Fresh water: Scotland (V. H. T.).

As far one may judge from the figures Nav. mesotyla Scuum. and P. gracillima are the
same species, and the only difference between them and P. undulata consists in the broad, capitate
ends of the latter.

3. P. sublinearis Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, linear, slightly gibbous in the middle, with
rounded ends. L. 0,02 to 0,03; B. 0,004 mm. Areas indistinct. Strize 21 to 24 in 0,01 mm.
slightly radiate in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Nav. subl. Grun. V. H. Syn. p. 76
Pl. VI f. 25, 26. P. tenuis Gruc. M. J. 1854 p. 97 PL IV f. 9?

Fresh water: Greenland!

4. P. leptosoma Grun. (1880). — V. narrow, linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,085 to 0,04;
B. 0,005 mm. Median line with approximate central pores. Axial area very narrow; central area
a broad, transverse fascia. Strice 14 or 17 (middle) to 16 or 20 in 0,01 mm. (at the ends) almost
parallel. — Nav. leptos. Grun. in V. H. Syn. XII f. 29.

Fresh water: Sweden (Rimforsa in Westergétland)! Finland!

5. P. molaris Grun. (1863). — V. linear, slender, with rounded or subcuneate ends. L.
0,033 to 0,05; B. 0,005 to 0,oos mm. Axial areal narrow or indistinct; central area a broad, trans-
verse fascia, reaching to the margin. Striw 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle,
convergent at the ends. — Nav. molaris Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 149 Pl. IV f. 26. V. H. Syn.
Pl. VI f. 19. Nav. macra A. S. Atl. XLIV f. 54. Nav. mesoleia Cu. N. R. D. p. 10 Pl. IT f. 26.

Fresh water: Norway (Dovre)! Scotland! Sweden! Denmark (Ringkébing Atl.), Finland!
Germany (Grun.), Brazil! Demerara River! Cape Horn! Bengal!

P. molaris is nearly akin to P. leptosoma, which differs by nothing except the less radiate
median and the closer terminal strie.

1) Conf. P. isostauron Grun.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. ves

II. Capitatee.

Artificial key.

L eles rostrate . £ Eee oy P. microstauron Eqs.
capitate . : ee a ee PAR: oS » 2,

9, lei Valve with undulated margins . . se ee ee we PB. mesolepta Ens.
not undulated. ...... ae ar a ee See ppl oe VB:

3 ies linear. «a0 6 wee ew a Ee Bo Rivar eatuannee o ; P. interrupta W. Sm.
lanceolate. . . ; esa <3 a ed.

4. ae ends broad and lace, degen. cpnlte’, . x y OF : P. globiceps Grxe.

j ends small . Be ot 00 ae ea de a ae ae 5.

5. as Valve lanceolate... ..... ne ; . . . P. Braunit Grun.
almost linear P Ry otter hs i ; Gote este, BC:

6. la 16 to 18 in Oot mm ... 2... .... . P. appendiculata Ac.
12 to 13 in 001mm ©. .....~..., Be SR es P. subcapitata Gruc-

6. P. appendiculata Ag. (1828). — V. linear, gently tapering from the middle to the
slightly rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,018 to 0,036; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Area very narrow, dila-
ted in the middle to a transverse fascia. Strie 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate in the middle,
convergent at the ends. — Frustulia app. Ac. Icon. Alg. Eur. Pl. I (according to Kiitz). Nav.
app. Kitz Bac. p. 93 Pl. ILI f. 28. V. H. Syn. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 18, 20. N. app. v. trrorata Grun.
V. H. Syn. Pl. VI f. 30, 31. Nav. Naveana Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 149 Pl. IV f. 24. V. H. Syn.
PY. Vi. £. 29,

Fresh water (moist rocks, mosses etc.): Iceland! Scotland! Sweden (Gothland)! Belgium
(V. H.), Briinn (Grun.), Bengal! Australia (Blue Mountains)! Greenland! New Jersey (Hoboken)!
Ecuador!

Var. budensis Grun. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle, with distinctly capitate ends.
Striz 20 to 23 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. VI f. 27, 28.

Hot springs: Buda-Pesth (Grun.), New Zealand!

P. appendiculata is closely connected with P. subcapitata and P. molaris and the other hand
through the var. budensis with P. Braunit.

7. P. Braunii Grun. (1876). — V. lanceolate, with capitate or subcapitate ends. L. 0,035
to 0,05; B. 0,009 to 0,oos mm. Axial area narrow, gradually increasing in breadth towards the
middle of the valve, where it expands to a large and broad, transverse fascia. Strie 11 to 12 in
0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Nav. Brauniana Grun. in A. 8. Atl.
XLV f. 77, 78. Nav. Braunii Grun. in V. H. Syn. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 21.

Fresh water: Iceland! Sweden (Rosslangen in Kalmar lan! Loka, Atl.), Finland! Belgium
(V. H.), Bengal! Australia (Blue Mountains)! Argentina! Brazil!

8. P. subeapitata Gree. (1856). — V. linear, with subcapitate to capitate ends. L. 0,03 to
0,05; B. 0,005 to 0,oo6 mm. Axial area narrow or indistinct. Central area a transverse fascia.
Strie 12 to 138, slightly divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — M. J. IV p. 9 Pl. I
f. 30. Pin. Hilseana Janiscu in Rabb. Alg. Sachs. N:o 953 (1860). Nav. Hilseana A. 8. Atl. XLV
f. 65. -V. H. Syn. p. 77 Suppl. A. f. 11. Nav. subcapitata A. S. Atl. XLIV f. 53, 55. V. H. Syn.
p 78 Pl. VI £, 22. A, §. Ath ALV £ 59, 60.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Sweden (Helsingland, Upsala, Marstrand, Gothland)! Finland!
Scotland! England! Kiel! Belgium (V. H.), Bengal! Amsterdam Island! Australia (Blue Mountains)!
Argentina! Ecuador! Greenland!

Var. paucistriata Gruy. — Strie short, gradually shortened towards the middle, where is
a very broad transverse fascia. — V. H. Syn. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 23.

76 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Pinn. subcapitata of Grucory has uninterrupted striz, but forms with a transverse fascia
are much more frequent. This species seems to graduate into Pinn. interrupta, from which it
differs principally by its smaller size and less distinctly capitate ends.

9. P. interrupta W. Sm. (1853). — V. linear, with parallel or slightly concave margins
and capitate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,076; B. 0,018 mm. Axial area narrow, dilated in the middle to
a rhomboid space or transverse fascia. Striz 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate in the middle,
convergent at the ends.

Forma biceps: central area rhomboid. — P. biceps Grec. M. J. IV p. 8 Pl. I f. 28 (1856).
P. interrupta 8 W. Sm. B. D. IL p. 96. Nav. mesolepta 8 producta Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 520 Pl. IV
f. 22 a. Nav. bicapitata Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 23 PL If. 5. V. H. Syn. p. 78 Pl. VI f. 14. Nav.
biceps A. 8. Atl. XLV f. 69, 70. Nav. Termes A. 8. Atl. XLV f. 67. Nav. mesolepta var. boryana
Pant. III Pl. XXI f. 312.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Norway! Sweden! Finland! Scotland (Greg.), Siberia! Japan!
Australia, Blue Mountains! Brazil!

Forma stauroneiformis: central area a transverse fascia. Pinn. interrupta W. Sm. B. D. XIX
f. 184. Nav. int. A. S. Atl. XLV f. 72, 75, 76. Nav. Termes var. stauroneif. V. H. Syn. Pl. VI
f, 12, 18. A. 8. Atl XLV £ 71.

Fresh water: Greenland! Norway (Romsdalen)! Sweden! Finland! England (W. Sm.), Ger-
many (Atl.), Bengal! Sandwich Islands! Surinam! Brazil!

Var. crassior Grun. (1880). — V. gibbous in the middle and with broad, capitate ends
L. 0,035 to 0,042; B. 0,008 to 0,o12 mm. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. globiceps var. crassior
Grun. A. D. p. 27 PL If. 13. A. 8S. Atl XLV f. 79 (without name).

Brackish water: Jamal (Kara Sea)! Aland (Baltic)!

Pinnul. biceps is closely connected with P. mesolepta, which differs only in the triundulate
margins. There is the same connection between them as between P. divergens and P. Legumen.

10. P. mesolepta Exp. (1843). — V. triundulated, with capitate ends. L. 0.03 to 0,06;
B. 0,011 mm. Axial area narrow, dilated in the middle. Striz 10 to 14 in 0,01 mm. strongly
divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. mesolepta Exp. Am. IV:2 f. 4. Kitz
Bac. p. 101 Pl. XXVIII f. 73, XXX f. 34. V. H. Syn. p. 79 Pl. VI f. 10—11. Pinn. mesolepta
W. Sm. B. D. XIX f. 182. Nav. mes. var. a, genuina Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 520.

Fresh water: England! Scotland! Greenland! New Zealand!

Var. stauroneiformis Grun. (1860). — Central area a transverse fascia, widened towards the
margins. — Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 520 Pl. IV f. 22 &. A. S. Atl. XLV f. 52, 53.

Fresh water: Sweden (Rosslangen, Upsala)! Finland! Greenland! Canada! Bridgewater, Maine!

Var. angusta Cu. — V. narrow linear, triundulate. L. 0,065 to 0.08; B. 0,009 to 0,01 mm.
Axial area wider. Strie 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. gracillima A. 8S. Atl. XLV f. 62. Ch.
M. D. Nio 1083.

Fresh water: Upsala, Sweden! Ringkisbing, Denmark (Atl.), Harz (Atl.), Maine, Bridge-
town! Demerara River! Rio Purus, Brazil!

Var. polyonca Brks. (1849). — V. triundulate; the median inflation being larger than the
others. L. 0,06 to 0,08; B. 0,012 mm. Area narrow, gradually expanded towards the middle toa
stauros. Striz 11 to 12 in 0.01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Nav.
polyonca Brés. in Kiitz Sp. Alg. p. 85. V. H. Syn. p. 80 Suppl. A. f. 14. Nav. mesotyla A. S.
Atl. XLV f. 54, 55.

Fresh water: Sweden (Loka, Atl., Upsala!) Belgium (V. H.).

P. mesolepta is nearly connected with P. interrupta and analogous to P. nodosa, from which

latter it differs by its narrower area. The var. polyonca is in all respects to P. mesolepta what
the var. Formica is to P. nodosa.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. N:0 3, 77

11. P. globiceps Gree. (1856). — V. strongly gibbous in the middle and with capitate
ends. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,01 mm. Axial area indistinct; central area a broad, transverse fascia,
narrowed towards the margin. Strie 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent
at the ends. — M. J. IV Pl. I f. 34. Nav. glob. V. H. S. Syn. Suppl. A. f. 13.

Brackish water: Scotland (Greg.), Anvers (V. H.), Strehlen (Grun.), Dérrenberg in Saxony!
Bengal!

Var. Krookii Gruy. (1882). — L. 0,015 to 0,028; B. 0,005 to 0,007 mm. Central area a wide
lanceolate space. Strie 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm. in the middle, 19 to 20 near the ends. — Nav.
Krockit Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 155 Pl. XXX f. 40.

Brackish water: Hungary, (Soos Dept. Grun.), Gulf of Bothnia (Salmis to Tornea)!

12. P. microstauron Eup. (1843). — V. linear, with parallel margins and rostrate, broad
ends. L. 0,025 to 0,08; B. 0,007 to 0,oo9 mm. Axial area very narrow, frequently dilated in the
middle to a transverse fascia. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle and con-
vergent at the ends. — Stanroptera microstauron Kus. Am. I: 4 f. 1; IV: 2 f. 2, Microg. XVI: 2
f. 4. Stauroneis micr. Kitz. Bac. p. 106 Pl. XXIX f. 13. A. S. Atl. XLIV f.16. Nav. divergens
f. minor A. S. Atl. XLIV f. 14, 84, 35, XLV f. 81 to 34. Nav. Brébissoni v. subproducta V. H.
Syn. p. 77 Pl. V f. 9. Pinn. interrupta Pxpicino Ischia II f. 14. Nav. bicapitata var. hybrida
V. H. Syn. Pl. VI f. 9. Nav. Brébissonii Laest. Spitsb. D. I f. 2 a. Pinn. Rabenhorstiana Hitsx
Rab. A. Sachs. N:o 842 (1859). Nav. divergens var. prolongata Br. a. Hiripaup D. d’Auvergne
p. 89 Pl. IV £. 1,

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sweden (Lappland, Areskutan, Skane)! Finland (Lapp-
land to Abo)! Englndl Germany Kamtschatka! Australia (Blue Mountains)! Greenland! North
America (Canada, Maine, White Mountains, Sierra Nevada)!

P. microstauron is closely connected with P. Brébissonit and P. interrupta var. stauronet-
formis, which graduates into P. mesolepta.

Til. Divergentes..
Artificial key.

L ieee fissures in contrary direction .... . YS ee pei: Ens.
— inthe same direction ........ eee ee 2.

2. en with undulated margins .. 1... 1... 2 eee ee ee P. Legumen Eus.
not undulated. .. 2.0 7 ee ee ey wa Rs i Me ee Ses Bs 3.

3. ree area rounded . pa cn ee ee : ; . .. P. karelica Cu.
— a transverse fascia. . 24 a er ee 4,
rm sea forms 0,04 to 0,06 mm. . . ae ve OD
Larger forms 0.07 to 0,36 mm. . : By aiuto ae

Strie very strongly divergent . . . ; F .. . BP. divergentissima Gron.

m ea somewhat divergent §....... O. Cte. a . P. Brébissonii Kirz.
Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. gees 165 age ah MA eee) Soe eel oN

e { — Ito 12in Oo1 mm... 1... «1... 52 . . BP. divergens W. Sm.
Valve linear with parallel margins... ‘ ae ey 8.

% ees — gibbous in the middle and at the “ene : ce P. Hartleyana Guzc.

Striz strongly radiate SYR. ASN Bia ee . . BP. episcopalis Cu.

e oe slightly radiate ..... ; . P. Cardinaliculus Cu.

13. P. divergentissima Grun. (1880). — v. lanceolate with obtuse ends. L. 0,03 to 0,035;
B. 0,007 mm. Axial area indistinct. Central area a broad fascia. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm. strongly
divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. nodulosa forma Laest. Spitsb. D.
p. 22 Pl. Il f. 2. Nav. divergentissima Gron. in V. H. Syn. Pl. VI f. 32.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Ldt), North Iceland! Norway (Dovre)! Finland (Russian Lap-
land, Abo)! Greenland! Canada! New Zealand!

This little species is very characteristic and seems to belong to arctic and alpine regions.

78 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID, DIATOMS.

14. P. Brébissoni Kirz (1844): — V. linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. Lz. 0,04 to 0,06;
B. 0,011 to 0,01 mm, Area narrow, gradually widened in the middle to a transverse fascia,
broader towards the central nodule. Striew 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle and
convergent towards the ends. — Nav. Brébissonii Kitz Bac. p. 93 Pl. Il f. 49. A. 8. Atl.
XLIV f. 17, 18. V. H. Syn. p. 77 Pl. V f. 7. Lor Spitsb. D. Pl. I f. 2 a Wolle D. of Am. X
f. 262 Pinn. stauroneiformis W. Sm. Br. D. I p. 57 Pl. XIX f. 178 a’ (1853). Puprcrno,' Ischia
PL. IL f. 21. Nav. Mormonorum Grun. in A. S. Atl. XLIV f. 24 to 26. Nav. Brébissonii var, fossilis
Pant. III Pl. XIX f. 279 (1898).

Fresh water, (earth and mosses): Beeren Eiland (Ldt), Spitsbergen! Iceland! Norway (owes)!
Sweden! Scotland! England (W. Sm.), Finland! Belgium (V. H.), Germany (Harz, Atl.), Switzer-
land! Italy! Greenland! Utah!

Var. diminuta V. H. (1880). — Smaller, with gradually narrowed ends. — Syn. p. 77 Pl. Vf. 8.

Fresh water: Finland! Scotland! Belgium (V. H.).

Var. notata Hiri. a. Prrag. (1893). — V. more narrow, slender. L. 0,05 to 0,055; B. ‘0,008
to 0,oo9 mm. ‘Striz 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate. — Nav. notata Hérts. D. d'Auvergne
p. 87 Pl IV f. 11. P. stawroneif. Sm. B. D. XTX f. 178 6. A. S. Atl XLIV f. 19.

Fresh water: Iceland! Norway (Romsdalen)! Finland! Germany (Franzenbad, Atl.), Puy de
Dome (foss. Hérib.), Santa Rosa, Cal.!

P.. Brébissonii is a very variable species, closely connected with smaller forms of P. diver-
gens and with P. microstauron. Nearly allied also is P. appendiculata.

15. P. karelica Cu. (1891). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle, with broad, truncate ends.
L. 0,045 to 0,05; B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm. Median line straight, with moderately approximate median
pores and hook-shaped terminal fissures, turned in the same direction. Axial area indistinct;
central area large, orbicular. Strie divergent in the middle, convergent at the pide 15 to 16 in
0,o1 mm. — Diat. of Finl. p. 28 Pl. I f. 6.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Norway (Mouth of Tana-elf)! Sweden (Lule Lappmark,
Wenern, Rosslingen in Smaland, Umea, fossil)!’ Finl., Karelen!

16. P. Legumen Ens. (1843). — V. linear-lanceolate, with triundulate margins and sub-
rostrate, broad ends. L. 0,07 to 0,011; B. 0,015 to 0,018 mm. Median line filiform, with comma-
like terminal fissures. Axial area broad, nearly '/, of the breadth of the valve, dilated in the
middle. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. -—
Am. 1.1. f. 7? Nav. Leg. Eup. M. G. Il: 2 f. 12. A. 8S. Atl. XLIV f. 44 to 47. V. H. Syn. p. 80
Pl. VI f. 16. Nav. undulata Scuum. P. D. p. 188 f. 37.

Fresh water: Sweden! Norway (Stavanger, foss.)! Scotland! Belgium (V. BL), France! Italy
(S:ta Fiora, foss.)! Bengal! New Zealand! Australia (Murray River, Australian Alps)! Japan!
Congo (V. H. Coll.)! North America (Port Hope, Crane Pond, French Pond, Waltham Mass.,
Tllinois)!! sy
Var. florentina Grun. (1877). — L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,018 mm. ‘Central area dilated to a
transverse -fascia. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.- (Esox var.?) florent. Groun. in Cl. M. D. Nio 44.
A. 8. Atl XLIV f. 8. Nav. divergens var. undulata Hire. a. Purac. D. d’Auvergne p. 89
Pl. IV f. 2 (1893).

Fresh water: Livorno (Atl.), S:ta Fiora!

Var. ornata CL. — L..0,07; B. 0,012 mm. Central area a transverse fascia with a row of

puncta. on each side of the central nodule. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm.
Fresh water: Bengal! ¢ Ae

Pinn. or Nav. Legumen Eux. seems to comprise several different species with. iiundulate
margins, so that it is impossible to say what species. may be the true P. Legunien. I have adopted
the opinion expressed’ in’ VAN: HEuRcks synopsis” P. Legwmen is most variable, the undulations of

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wo 3, 79

the margin being often very slight, in which case it is impossible to distinguish it from certain
forms of P. divergens and P. stauroptera.

17. P. platycephala Eup. (1854). — V. linear, 5 to 6 times longer than broad, with broad,
subcapitate ends and slightly undulate margins. L. 0,083 to 0,105; B. 0,017 to 0,018 mm. Median
line filiform with terminal fissures in contrary directions. Axial area distinct, about 1/, of the
breadth of the valve. Central area a more or less perfect fascia. Strie divergent in the middle,
convergent at the ends, 12 in 0,01 mm. — Stawroptera platycephala Ens. M. G. XVII: 1 f. 9.
Pinnul. platyc. Cu. Diat. of Finl. p. 20 Pl. II f. 1.

Fresh water: Sweden: Rosslangen (Calmar lan)! Pjesérn Dept. (Skellefted)! Ojasjo Dept.
(Blekinge)! Fin]. Suomenniemi Dept. (Viborgs lan)! Uurais socken (Vasa)! Pudasjarvi Dept. (Oster-
botten)! Scotland (Grove), France: Lac Gerardmer (Vosges)! _

P. platycephala is an isolated species, which shews no close relation to any known form. It
seems to come nearer to P. dirergens and P. legumen than to any other.

18. P. divergens W. Sm. (1853). — V. lanceolate, gradually attenuated to the obtuse or
slightly capitate ends. L. 0,07 to 0,14; B. 0,015 to 0,02 mm. Median line filiform, with curved
terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, distinct, widened in the middle to a transverse fascia. Strie
11 to 12 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Br. D. p. 57
Pl. XVIII f. 177. Nav. div. A. 8. Atl. XLIV f. 9. Wore D. of N. A. XTX f. 21. .

Fresh water: Sweden (Lappland to Blekinge)! Norway (Stavanger)! Scotland (Premney
Peat, W. Sm., Dolgelly earth W. Sm., Loch Kinnord!) Finland! Bengal! New Zealand! Sandwich
Islands! N. America (Waterford, Maine)! S. America (Demerara River, Santos)!

Var. cuneata Grun. (1876). — V. with cuneate, subacute ends. L. 0,075 to 0,1; B. 0,014 to
0,o2 mm. Central area a narrow fascia. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8S. Atl. XLIV f. 10, 11.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

Var. sublinearis CL. — V. elleptic-linear, gradually tapering from the middle to the obtuse
ends. L. 0,08 to 0,10; B. 0,014 to 0,013 mm. Striw 12 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl XLIV f. 20,
23, Nav. procera Pant. II p. 52 Pl. I f. 8 (1889)?

Fresh water: New Zealand! America (Bemis Lake, White Mountains, Waterford, Maine;
Rio Purus, Brazil)!

Var. elliptica Grun. (1884). — V. broad, linear to elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,075
to 0,15; B. 0,015 to 0,o27 mm. Strie 8 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. div. var. ellipt. Grun. Fr. Jos.
Land D. p. 98 Pl. If. 19. Nav. div. A. S. Atl XLIV f. 6—7. Nav. cardinalis var. africana Brun
D. espéces nov. p. 33 Pl. XVI f. 9. Nav. viridis var. staurophora Pant. TIT Pl. VI f. 96 (1893)?

Fresh water: Franz Jos. Land (Grun.), Norway (Tana Elf, Stavanger)! Sweden (Rosslingen
in Kalmar lan, Ojasjé in Blekinge)! Finland! Scotland (Island of Lewis)! Australia (Blue Moun-
tains)! Greenland! Monmouth (Atl.), Demerara River! S. W. Africa, Ombika (Brun Coll.)!

Forma ornata Grun. — Central area with a semicircular row of dots on both sides of the
central nodule. L. 0,12; B. 0,017 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. — Bengal!

Var. Schweinfurtw A. 8. (1876). — L. 0,11 to 0,12; B. 0,o2 mm. Axial area more narrow.
Median line oblique. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. Schweinfurti A. 8. Atl. XLIV f. 4, 5.

Fresh water: Scriba Gattas (Atl1.). 7 ;

19. P. Cardinaliculus Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends.
L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,015 to 0,018 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate central pores and
short, bayonet-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area less than '/, as broad as the breadth of the
valve in the middle widened to a transverse fascia. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel or
slightly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Pl. I f. 12.

Fresh water: Scotland: (Grove Coll.)! America (Canada, Crane Pond, French Pond, Houghton

Mich., Mexico)!

80 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

20. P, Hartleyana Grev. (1865). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle and at the ends.
L. 0,2 to 0,23; B. 0,033 to 0,045 mm. Median line straight, filiform. Axial area linear, less than
/, as broad as the valve, in the middle transversely dilated, frequently to a fascia. Striz 8 in
0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — T. M.S. vol. XIII Pl. V1 f. 30.
Fresh water: Liberia (Grev.), Demerara River!

21. P. episcopalis Cu. (1891). — V. linear, with parallel margins and broad rounded ends.
L. 0,23 to 0,36; B. 0,035 to 0,04 mm. Median line filiform with comma-like terminal fissures.
Axial area broad, about 1/, of the breadth of the valve, in the middle widened to a transverse
fascia. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. —
P. cardinalis Ens. M. G. XVIII: 1 f. 4. P. episcopalis Cu. D. of Finl. p. 27 Pl. I f. 4.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Wenern, Lake Rosslangen in Kalmar lan, Ojasjé Dept. in Ble-
kinge, interglacial mud from Hernésand)! Finland! Lac Gerardmer, Vosges! Cherryfield, America!

Var. brevis Ct. — L. 0,18; B. 0,038 mm. Strize 6 in 0,01 mm. less radiate.
Fresh water: New Zealand (Auckland, Witt Coll.)!
Var. africana Cu. — V. smaller. L. 0,115; B. 0,018 mm. Axial area less than a third of

the breadth of the valve. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water, mouth of rivers: Cameroon, Africa!

P. episcopalis is a very large and beautiful diatom, nearly akin to P. divergens and to
P. Hartleyana.

IV. Distantes.
Artificial key.

1 ees lanceolate. . ..... see eee PB. alpina W. 8m.
more or less narrow, elliptical acts , a ee ee a oes
Very small forms. L. about 0,01 mm. . .. . P. Balfouriana Groy.
a ees 0,02 to 0,1 mm. and more. F ‘ Sema? oe ak OB:
3, 12 0,1 mm. and more ..... : ‘ . P. lata Bris.
“| L. less than 0,1 mm. ie 4G oh tee Br Regs nt iale 4.
4. — 5 to 6 in 0,04 1 MM seis se ae a A ag ee Te ee P. borealis Exs.
— 8 in 0,01 mm. ind ie P. intermedia Laast.

22. P. intermedia Laasr. (1873). — V. linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,018 to
0,042; B. 0,06 to 0,08 mm. Axial area narrow; central a transverse fascia. Striz radiate at the
ends, 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. int. Laast. Spetsb. D. 23 Pl. I f. 3.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Beeren Hiland (Lagst.), Australia (Blue Mountains)!

This form seems, according to Lagrrsrept, to graduate into P. borealis and P. Brébissonii.

23. P. Balfouriana Grun. Ms. — V. elliptical. L. 0,008 to 0,01; B. 0,001 mm. Area wide.
Strize distant, 10 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. I f. 18.
Fresh water: Scotland (Grun.), North Iceland!

24. P. borealis Eup. (1843). — V. linear-elliptical, with rourded or subtruncate ends. L.
0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,007 to 0,oos mm. Median line with approximate central pores and hook-shaped
terminal fissures. Area narrow Strie parallel, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. — Am. Pl. I: 2 f. 6. Nav. bo-
realis Kitz B. p. 96. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 518. Lagest. Sp. D. Pl If. 4. A. S. Ath Pl. XLV
f. 15—21. V. H. Syn. p. 76 Pl. VI f. 3, 4. Woxte Pl. IX f. 23. Pinnul. hebridensis Grea. M. J.
1854 p. 28 Pl. IV f. 13. Pinn. chilensis Rapu. Alg. Sachs. 885 (1859).

On mosses, moist earth, in fresh water: Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Greenland!
Iceland! Sweden! Finland! Germany! England! Belgium (V. H.), Switzerland! Japan! S:t Pauls
Island (Grun.), Sandwich Islands! Australia (Blue Mountains)! New Zealand! South Africa!
Argentina! Ecuador! W. Ind. 8:t Vincent!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2/. w:o 3. 81

Var. scalaris En. (1843). -- Narrow, linear. Central area a broad transverse fascia. —
Stauroptera scalaris Ens. Am. IV: 2 f. 3. Nav. borealis var. scalaris Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 518
Pl, LV 4. 15:

Labrador (Ehb.).

Pinn. borealis graduates by intermediate forms into P. lata.

25. P. lata Bris. (1838). — V. linear-elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,1 to 0,13;
B. 0,03 to 0,o4 mm. Median line oblique; central pores approximate, terminal fissures hook-shaped.
Area large, slightly widened in the middle. Striz slightly radiate in the middle, 3 in 0,01 mm.,
transverse at the ends. — Frustulia lata Bris. Cons. p. 18. P. lata W. Sm. B. D. I pl. XVIII
f. 167. Nav. lata Ki1z Bac. p. 92. Grun. Franz Jos. Land D. p. 98 Pl. If. 14. Nav. lata
var. minor Hipp. a. Perac. D. d’Auvergne p. 86 Pl. IV f. 5. P. megaloptera Ens. M. G. III: 1
f. 4; IV: 2 f. 5 (1854). Abh. 1870 Pl. III f. 16. Nav. meg. Hiri. D. d’Auvergne p. 88 Pl. IV
f. 6. P. pachyptera Eus. Am. p. 133 Pl. IV: 2 f. 9 (1843). Nav. pach. A. S. Atl. XLV f. 5, 8.
Pant. III Pl. XX f. 302. Nav. costata Hiri. D. d’Auvergne p. 87 Pl. IV f. 7 (1893).

Fresh water: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.), England! Scotland! Ireland! France (Normandy)!
Switzerland! Australia (Murray River)! New Zealand! Hungary fossil.

Var. Rabenhorstii Grun. (1860). — V. slightly constricted in the middle, with cuneate,
truncate ends. L. 0,06; B. 0,015 mm. Striz parallel, 4 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Thuringiaca Raza.
Fl E. A. p. 205. Nav. Rabenhorstii Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 515, Pl. IV f. 18. Nav. borealis var.
fossilis Pant. II Pl. V f. 73 (1898).

Fresh water: Thiiringen (Rabh.).

Var. latestriata Gree. (1854). — V. narrow-linear, with subcuneate extremities. L. 0,04 to
0,06; B. 0,012 mm. Strie 4 in 0,01 mm. — Pinn. latestr. Grea. M. J. II p. 98 Pl. IV f. 12.
Nav. borealis var.? producta Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 518 Pl. IV f. 14.

Fresh water: Mull Dept.

Var. minor Grun. (1878). — L. 0,045; B. 0,013 mm. Area narrow. Strize 4—5 in 0,01 mm.
— Grun. Cap. 8S. Alg. Pl. IV f. 22. Fr. Jos. L. D. p. 98 Pl. If. 16,17. Nav. lata V. H. S.
p- 76 Pl. VI f. 1—2.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Franz Jos. Land (Grun.), Cae Sea (Grun.).

Var. curta Grun. (1884). — V. elliptical. — Grun. Fr. Jos. L. D. f. 15.

Fresh water: Franz Jos. Land (Grun.).

26. P. alpina W. Sm. (1853). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,1
to 0,18; B. 0,038 to 0,05 mm. Median line oblique; central nodule large; terminal fissures spirally
twisted. Axial area wide (less than */, of the breadth of the valve) lanceolate. Striz radiate, 3,5
in 0,01 mm., transverse at the ends. — B. D. I p. 55 XVIII f. 168. Nav. alpina Donk. B. D.

pei LY s 6. A. S. Atl. XLV f. 1 to 4.
Fresh water (subalpine regions): Scotland! Ireland! Erzgebirge! Switzerland!

V. Tabellaries.

Artificial key.

Central area with a linear mark on each side of the central nodule . 5 oe ae 2.
= we — without — = = _ _ SS Me a nah ig So M8 3.
Valve not undulate ..... se S See . . P. stomatophora Grun.
2 Pe slightly triundulate ...... 0. + ete ee .. .... P. Brandelit Cu.
ghtly triundulate .
Valve lanceolate, broad ‘ : Bt, adem ii Sey het ain ign ie a se oe
B Ce linear, narrow. i O48 bot Swtleo@ngeege. arid BBL a 6.
Large. L. 014 to0.15 mm. 2 2. 0 7 ee ee es . i eke Sidmanariie Ens.
a yeaa L. 0,04 to 0,075 mm. . . . . Dee (ese lye Whee god 2D

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi. Band 27. N:o 3. 1

82 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

5. oe Grin: Oi08 MMs) Se GAS OR eR ee Ia we ee ad _.. .. PB. Thorax Bron.
dB ee ae eo a ee. GS eo ees are . P. lignitica Cu.
6. es narrow lanceolate .. . : ee ere ‘ . P. subsolaris Gron.
linear . 1... ; ne Ale Che tea @% et thee Sass firha ds 7.
7. pase Ends subcapitate ..... ‘ St Py IR Sn i te wes 8.
rounded. ... : : : a ae Ee ae, Be wee Sea 12.
8. ae area broad ent ‘ ; ie 8 . . . BP. stauroptera Grun.
— narrow... ea hien dd Ee ee ee eee Ce ee 9.
9. i Valve large. L. 0,1 to 0,2 mm. . . aor lignes a Se. ye 210;
. smaller. L. 0,05 to 0,08 mm. . Scag: eo Ga ae » 11.
10. eee Axial area very narrow .......... ae etal .... .P. luculenta A. 5.
— '/, as broad as the valve . , . P. Tabellaria Ens.
UW. Ca area small... oo ents : : . . P. gibba Eun.
— large. . cee BS 2 .. . P. mesogongyla Ens.
12. aes parallel . Se Res atic «Rg : Ae ee ee? P. spitsbergensis Cu.
radiate. . . : : aa by as ‘my yeh «Sera, aoe
13. oe 8 to 10 in 001 mm... ip hats Say ER hat ae egy Tak eo P. rangoonensis GRUN.
— 12in _— = ; e.g e .. . P. bogotensis Grun.

27. P. spitsbergensis Ct. N. Sp. — V. linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends.
L. 0,058 to 0,067; B. 0,007 to 0,oos mm. Median line filiform with somewhat distant, bayonet-
shaped, terminal fissures. Axial area distinct, less than 1/, of the breadth of the valve, linear,
slightly widened around the central nodule, or transversely dilated to a fascia. Strize 16 to 17
in 0,01 mm., almost parallel. — Pl. I f. 13.

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Cl. M. D. N:o 159), Jenissey!

Var. stomatophora Cu. — Central area with a linear marking on each side of the central
nodule. — Fresh water: Spitsbergen.

28. P. luculenta A. 8. (1876). — V. linear, slightly gibbous in the middle and at the ends.
L. 0,1; B. 0,014 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate central pores, and bayonet-shaped
terminal fissures. Axial area very narrow; central area small, orbicular. Striw 13 in 0,01 mm.
strongly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. luculenta A. 8S. Atl. XLIII f. 12.
Fresh water: Bengal (Kyan-Zoo, Atl.).

29. P. gibba (Eus.?) W. Sm. (1853). — V. linear, gradually tapering from the middle to
the subcapitate ends. L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,007 to 0,oog mm. Median line filiform, with approxi-
mate median pores and slightly curved terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, linear, slightly
dilated in the middle. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent in the middle and convergent
at the ends, frequently interrupted in the middle. — Stawroptera gibba Eup. Am. I: 2 f. 3 (1848)?
P. gibba W. Sm. B. D. I Pi. XIX f. 180. Nav. Proserpine Pant. IIT Pl. XVIII f. 260 (1898).
Nav. appendiculata Panr. IIT Pl. IIT f. 46 (1893)?

Fresh water: England (Cornwall)! Scotland (W. Sm.), Ireland (Mourne Mountains)! Austra-
lia (Blue Mountains)! N. America (Waterford, Maine)! Brazil (Caldas)!

30. P. stauroptera Grun. (1860). — V. slender, gradually tapering from the middle to
the subcapitate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,12; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Median line filiform, with approxi-
mate median pores and slightly curved terminal fissures. Area wide, about a third of the breadth
of the valve. Strie 9,5 to 10 in 0,01 mm. strongly divergent in the middle and convergent at
the ends. — Nav. stauroptera Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 516. Nav. gibba Donk. B. D. p. 70 Pl. XII
f. 3. A. S. Atl XLV f 48 to 50. Nav. gibba var. hyalina Hiri. a. Peraa. D. d’Auvergne p. 92
Pl. IV f. 14.

Fresh water: Iceland! Sweden! Norway (Stavanger, foss.)! Finland! Holstein! Australia
(Murray River, Blue Mountains)! N. America (Canada, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Sierra
Nevada)! Brazil!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 21. N:0 3. 83

Var. semicruciata Cu. — Strie in the middle unilaterally interrupted. — Nav. gibba B
Peckit Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 517 Pl. IV f. 17.

Fresh water: Sweden (Ojasjé, Blekinge)! Norway (Stavanger Dept.)! America (Canada West.,
Waltham Mass., Caldas Brazil)!

Var. interrupta Cu. — Strie interrupted on both sides of the central nodule. — Nav. Stau-
roptera Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 516 Pl. IV f. 18 (£. gracilis) f. 19 (f. parva) Fr. Jos. Land D. Pl. I f. 18.
A. 8. Atl XLIV f. 41. V. H. Syn. p. 77 Pl. VI f. 7, f. 6 (f. parva). Nav. Tabellaria V. H. Syn.
f. 8. Nav. abaujensis Pant. II p. 41 Pl. III f. 54 (1889).

Fresh water: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.), Sweden! Finland! Norway! Scotland! France
(Lac Gerardmer Vosges)! New Zealand! Hawaii! Demerara! Surinam! North America (Waltham
Mass., Troy, New Hampshire)! Ecuador!

Var. sancta Gruy. Ms. — V. strongly gibbous in the middle. L. 0,11; B. 0,015 mm. Area
very wide. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Santos, Brazil! Bengal!

31. P. rangoonensis Grun. Ms. — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,07 to 0,10;
B. 0,012 to 0,014 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate central pores and comma-like, ter-
minal fissures. Axial area distinct, but narrow, in the middle dilated to an elliptical space, or on
one or both sides, to a transverse fascia. Striz 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, con-
vergent at the ends. — Stauroptera semicruciata Eup. M. G. XXXIII: 2 f. 7*?

Fresh water: Rangoon!

This form is scarcely specifically distinct from P. stauroptera. The same is also the case
with Nav. Troyana Grun. (in Cl. and Méller Diat. N:o 275) and Nav. Férarmensis Grun. (Cl. and
Moller Diat. N:o 140), which I am unable to distinguish from P. rangoonensis. The only diffe-
rences between these forms and P. stauropteru consist in the shape of the valve and in the term-
inal fissures, which are more curved in P. rangoonensis. I hav efound such forms from the following
localities: Greenland, Sweden (Férarm, Smaland), Troy (New Hampshire), Demerara River, New
Zealand, Blue Mountains (Australia).

32. P. Brandelii Ci. (1891). — V. linear gibbous in the middle and at the ends, often
with tri-undulate margins. Ends broadly rounded, frequently subclavate. L. 0,07 to 0,08;
B. 0,007 to 0,oo9 mm. Median line filiform, with semicircular terminal fissures. Area distinct,
narrow, linear, in the middle widened to a broad transverse fascia, having a linear marking on
each side of the central nodule. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at
the ends. — D. of Finl. p. 26 Pl. 1 f. 8, 9.

Fresh water: Sweden (Almten in Kalmar lan)! Finland! France (Lac Gerardmer, Vosges)!

33. P. stomatophora Gruy. (1876). — V. linear-lanceolate, gradually tapering from the
middle to the rounded ends. UL. 0,07 to 0,11; B. 0,09 to 0,011 mm. Median line with bayonet-
shaped terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, linear, widened in the middle to a narrow trans-
verse fascia, where is on each side of the central nodule a linear marking. Striz 12 to 13 in
0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. stomatophora
Grun. in A. 8. Atl. XLIV f. 27 to 29.

Fresh water: Iceland, Scotland (Island of Lewis)! Norway (Dovre, Atl.)! Sweden (Ross-
langen in Kalmar lan)! Finland! Germany (Harz, Atl.), New Zealand! America (Canada, Crane
Pond, French Pond)!

Var. continua Cu. — L. 0,07 to 0,12; B. 0,009 to 0,014 mm. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., not
interrupted.

Fresh water: Loch Kinnord, Scotland! Sweden (Lake Rosslangen in Kalmar lan)!

34. P. bogotensis Grun. (1876). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,1 to 0,11; B. 0,018
mm. Median line with approximate central pores and bayonet-shaped terminal fissures. Axial

84 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

area narrow, widened in the middle to a broad, transverse fascia. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. strongly
divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. bogotensis A. 8. Atl. XLIV f. 30 to 32.
Fresh water: New Grenada (Atl.), French Pond, Maine (Atl.).

35. P. subsolaris Grun. (1882). —- V. linear-lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,065 to 0,07;
B. 0,01 to 0,014 mm. Median line with bayonet-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area narrow,
widened in the middle to a large suborbicular space. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. strongly diver-
gent in the middle and convergent at the ends. — Nav. decurrens? A. 8. Atl. XLV f. 29, 30.
Nav. Legumen viz undulata V. H. Syn. Pl. VI f. 17. Nav. (deceurrens Eup. var.?) subsolaris
Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 143. Nav. scythica Pant. III Pl. XXIII f. 335 (1893).

Fresh water: Norway (Stavanger, foss.)! Scotland! Hungary (Dubravica Dept. Grun.), New
Zealand! Canada! Dana’s Pond (Grun.), Demerara River!

Var. brevistriata Grun. (1882). — Area broader. Striz less radiate. — Nav. subs. var. br.
Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 143 Pl. XXX f. 38.

Fresh water: Hungary (Dubravica Dept. Grun.).

Var. australiensis Cu. — L. 0,096; B. 0,012 mm. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm.
Fresh water: Rieva Lagoons, Australian Alps!
Var. linearis Cu. — V. linear, with parallel margins and broad, subtruncate ends. L. 0,12;

B. 0,017 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.
Fresh water: Finland (Lojo)! Rangoon! New Zealand!

36. P. Tabellaria Eup. (1843). — V. slender, gibbous in the middle and at the ends.
L. 0,1 to 0,2; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Median line filiform, slightly oblique, with approximate central
pores and bayonet-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area linear, less than !/, as broad as the valve,
widened in the middle to an elliptical space. Striz 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm. strongly divergent in
the middle, convergent at the ends. — Am. p. 134 Pl. II:1 f. 26. M.G. Ii:3 f 6. Nav Tab.
A. §. Atl. XLII f. 4.

Fresh water: N. America (Cherryfield, Waltham Mass., Bemis Lake, White Mountains,
Crane Pond) 8. America, Brazil, Caldas! South Africa, Ombika (Brun Coll.)!

37. P. mesogongyla Eup. (1870). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle and gradually tape-
ring to the subcapitate, broad ends. L. 0,06 to 0,08; B. 0,013 mm. Median line filiform, with
somewhat approximate central pores and slightly curved terminal fissures. Area narrow, widened
in the middle to an orbicular space. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. strongly divergent in the middle and
convergent at the ends. — Ber. 1870 II f. 16. Cu. D. of Finland p. 25 Pl. If.11. Nav. (without
name) A. S. Atl. XLV f. 45. Nav. decurrens Cu. Vega XXXVI f. 20. Nav. gibba V. H. Syn.
Suppl. A f. 12.

Fresh water: Iceland! Scotland, Lock Canmor (Atl.), Finmark! Norway, Dovre! East Cape!
Utah (Ehb.).

Var. interrupta Cu. (1891). — L. 0,06; B. 0,01 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. interrupted by
a broad, transverse fascia. — Cu. D. of Finland p. 26 Pl. I f. 10.

Fresh water: Finland!

P. mesogongyla of EHRENBERG comprises several different species, among which are P. no-
bilis and P. major. As the forms figured in Ber. 1870 seems to be the same as ours, I have
adopted EnrEnBere’s name. Grunow believes this form to be P. decurrens of Eurensere, but the
latter is too insufficiently figured to admit of identification. P. decurrens seems to be a form of
P. stauroptera.

38. P. Sillimanorum Eus. (1843). — V. lanceolate, with large, capitate ends. L. 0,14 to
0,15; B. 0,034 to 0,035 mm. Median line filiform with distant median pores and bayonet shaped
terminal fissures. Axial area large, dilated around the central nodule, on both sides of which
are some rugosities. Strizw 10 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in the middle, and there alternately

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3. 85

longer and shorter, very convergent at the ends. — Am. p. 133. M. G. Il:2 f. 13. Nav. Sill.
Luwis Proceed. Acad. Nat. Scienc. Philad. Pl. II f. 8. Waker a. Cuase N. a. R. D. Pl. IL p. 6
VL. 5b tf, 2

Fresh water: North America, Crane Pond! New Hampshire (Ehb.), Wolfboro (Lewis).

39. P. lignitica Cr. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, with protracted, broad and rounded ends.
L. 0,075; B. 0,019 mm. Terminal nodules hook-shaped. Axial area uniting with the central

area in a lanceolate space. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, at the ends convergent. —
PL. Et Op.

Fresh water: Japan, lignite (Brun Coll.)!
Nav. transylwanica Pant. (III Pl. I f. 7) and its var. producta (1. c. Pl. XXIII f. 345)

may be akin to this species, if they do not represent a Caloneis allied to C. formosa, which I am
unable to decide from the figures.

40. P. Thorax Brun (1891). — V. lanceolate, with more or less protracted, obtuse ends.
L. 0,04 to 0 00655 B. 0,017 to 0,o2 mm. Terminal fissures small and indistinct. Axial and central
areas uniting in a lanceolate space. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, convergent, and closer
near the ends. — Nav. Thorax Brun D. espéces n. p. 41 Pl. XVI f. 6.

Fresh water: Japan, lignite (Brun Coll.)!

VI. Brevistriate.

Artificial key.

L gee of the valve undulate . . .. . RO Bh N. nodosa Exs.
= HOb — grew s Bois pa ta F sosetae. aes
9, ~~ PUNCIALE acts aR See aka oe ay N. acrospheria Bris.
SAE MOB, oes tid Maechade we raph Pee aca GRE, ee Bk Mele tates a a es 3.
3, as Ends: cuneate: 6 oe ea eee ee ew ee Ee eA Ee RS a ae 4.
NOG SS apg ey ee aaa RO ah Oe ee a ae BB ae we ee 5.
Median line straight... .... 2... ee. LL. oa vias cales septate A. S.
4.
— a) HOXWOSED bk ok wt Se ode Reece ae ade Ged gS alae P. integra Grun.
5, wee lanceolate, tapering from the middle ................... 6.
narrowed towards the ends .. 2... ee 7.
6. ye 100: TA sin O00 MM... ese a oS a ee ee a ee P. parva Exp.
ee PTO O: Se Eigen tly Oe ie thse te BP Ai eden OIG .. . . BP. modesta Grun.
7. ‘ Striz: 8 to 10 in Qj01 mm, «2 ae so ee ee Rw Ree Re eRe ee SG 8.
— Nato doe es Sk a a ee Ae ee Be ae P. paulensis Grouy.
MG OPE GOOFS: MOMS he gee ae San Yow sh So OIE. See el Se oP a P. brevicostata Cu.
B = Os05 to Osos mms 2 ge he a a ae a wy .. LP. hemiptera Kirz.

41. P. hemiptera Kitz (1844). — V. elliptic-linear to linear, narrowed towards the often
subcuneate ends. I. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,012 to 0,013 mm. Axial area generally wide, more or less
lanceolate. Terminal fissures semicircular. Striz 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate or almost
parallel. — Nav. hem. Kitz Bac. p. 97 Pl XXX f. 11. A. 8. Atl. XLII f. 28, XLV f. 9. P.
acuminata W. Sm. B. D. XVIII f. 164. Nav. instabilis A. 8. Atl. XLII f. 35 to 40. Nav. de-
bilis Pant. II p. 44 Pl. XII f. 214 (1889). Nav. hybrida Hiri. a. Prac. D. d’Auvergne p. 85
Pl. IV f. 9 (1893). Nav. hybrida var. Bielawski Hints. a. Parag. |. c. p. 85 Pl. IV f. 10.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Skane)! Finland (Russian Lapland to Abo)! Norway!
Iceland! Great Britain (Premnay Peat, Loch Kinnord)! Italy (S:ta Fiora Dept.)! Hongkong (Atl.),
New Zealand! Australia (Blue Mountains)! America (Waltham Mass., Crane Pond, Demerara River,
Brazil, Trinidad)!

Var. interrupta Cu. — Strie uni- or bilaterally interrupted in the middle by a trans-
verse fascia.

Fresh water; Japan, lignite (Brun Coll.)!

86 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

This species is of very frequent occurence and very variable, especially as to the breadth
of the axial area, which sometimes becomes very broad as in the form named by A. 8. Nav. instabilis.

42. P. paulensis Grux. Ms. — V. linear, slightly narrowed to the obtuse, rounded ends.
L. 0,065 to 0,14; B. 0,011 to 0,014 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate central pores and
slightly curved, elongate, terminal fissures. Axial area wide, about a third of the breadth of the
valve, linear. Stria 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm., almost transverse to the ends. — A. S. Atl. XLIII
f. 7, 8, 9 (without name). Icon. n. Pl. I f. 20.

Fresh water: America (Greenland, White Mountains, Cherryfield, Monmouth, Ducks Pond,
Maine, Sierra Nevada, Demerara River, Brazil, Caldas, S:n Paolo)!

43. P. brevicostata Cu. (1891). — V. linear, with parallel margins and broad, rounded
ends. GL. 0,1 to 0,12; B, 0,016 mm. Median line almost filiform. Terminal fissures comma-like.
Area very broad, irregularly lanceolate. Strive 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. parallel throughout. — Nav.
hemiptera A. S. Atl. XLIII f. 26, 27. Pinn. brevicostata Cu. D. of Finl. p. 25 Pl. I f. 5.

Fresh water: Sweden (Rosslingen in Kalmar lan)! Finland! Bengal!

Var. leptostauron Cu. (1891). — L. 0,075 to 0,01; B. 0,013 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., inter-
rupted in the middle. A. 8. Atl. XLIII f. 25 (without name). — D. of Finl. p. 25.

Fresh water: Sweden (Stensele Lappmark, Rosslangen in Kalmar lan, Ojasjé in Blekinge)!
Finland (Tavastland)! Scotland (Ordie Dept.)! Germany (Laacher See, Atl.), France (Lac de Ge-
rardmer, Vosges)!

Var. Demerare Cu. — V. linear, attenuated towards the subcuneate ends. L. 0,07; B. 0,01
mm. Area about a third as broad as the valve. Central area a transverse fascia. Strize 10 in 0,v1 mm.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

44. P. acrospheria Brés. (1838). — V. linear, more or less gibbous in the middle and at
the ends. L. 0,032 to 0,18; B. 0,008 to 0o2 mm. Median line filiform, its central pores approxi-
mate and its terminal fissures semicircular. Axial area about a third as broad as the valve,
finely punctate. Strie 9 to 14 in 0,01 mm. parallel, or slightly radiate at the ends.

Forma maxima. —- L. 0,15 to 0,18; B. 0,o2 mm. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. acrosph. var.
sandvicensis A. S. Atl. XLIII f. 14, 15.

Fresh water: Java (eatable earth)! New Zealand! Sandwich Islands (Atl.).

Forma genuina — L. 0,1; B. 0,012 mm. Strie 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Frustulia acrospheria
Brés. Considér. p. 19. Nav. acrosph. Kitz Bac. p. 97 Pl. V f. 2. Donk. Br. D. p. 72 Pl. XII
f. 2. W. Sm. B. D. XIX f. 183. A. 8. Atl. XLITI f. 16 (22?).

Fresh water: Sweden (Rosslingen in Kalmar lan)! Finland (Savolaks)! Scotland (Atl.),
Bengal! Illinois! Brazil (Caldas)! Ecuador!

Forma minor. — UL. 0,035 to 0,07; B. 0,008 to 0,01 mm. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. —
A. 8. Atl XLIII f. 23.

Fresh water: Bengal! Australia (Blue Mountains)! Pensacola (Atl.), Califcrnia!

Var. turgidula Grun. Ms. — V. strongly gibbous in the middle. L. 0,048 to 0,07; B, 0,012
mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Waltham Mass.!

Var. undulata Cu. ~- V. with three slight inflations. L. 0,11; B. 0,012 mm. Strize 12 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Rosslingen in Kalmar lan)!

Var. levis Cu. — L. 0,088; B. 0,017 mm. Area smooth. Striew 8 to 12 in 0,01 mm. —
A. 8. Atl. XLIII f. 18.

Fresh water: New Zealand! Australia (Blue Mountains)!

45. P. singularis A. S. (1876). — V. gibbous in the middle, with cuneate and capitate
ends. L. 0,106; B. 0,019 mm. Median line straight, with approximate central pores and comma-

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wo 3. 87

like terminal fissures. Area very broad, linear, slightly widened in the middle. Strie 8 in 0,01
mm. — A. S. Atl. XLIII f. 20.
Fresh water: Celebes (Atl.).

46. P. integra Grun. Ms. — V. linear, with parallel margins, or slightly gibbous in the
middle. Ends cuneate, often subcapitate. L. 0,11 to 0,12; B. 0,016 to 0,017 mm. Median line
flexuose, with approximate central pores and small, semicircular, terminal fissures. Area broad,
linear, gently dilated in the middle. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, not interrupted. —
A. 8. Atl. XLII f. 1y.

Fresh water: America (Crane Pond, Waltham Mass.)! French Pond (Atl.).

The median line is bordered on each side by a silicious rib.

47. P. nodosa Ens. (1838). — V. more or less distinctly triundulate, with capitate to
rostrate ends. . 0,055 to 0,075; B. 0,009 to 0,o12 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate
median pores and semicircular terminal fissures. Axial area wider than a third of the breadth of the
valve. Strive 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. parallel, more or less convergent at the ends, interrupted or not.

Forma genuina. -- Ends rostrate. Striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. parallel throughout, uni- or
bilaterally interrupted. — Nav. nodosa Eup. Inf. p. 179 Pl. XIII f. 9? M. G. XVII: 2 f. 12, 13.
Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 521, Pl. IV f. 21. N. (Pinn.) nodosa Gree. M. J. 1856 Pl. 1 f. 5. A. S.
Atl. XLV f. 56 to 58.

Fresh water: Scotland (Greg.)! France (Lac Gerardmer, Vosges)! America (Canada, French
Pond, Albany)!

Forma capitata. — Ends capitate. Area often punctate. Strie# 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., con-
vergent at the ends. — Pinnularia isocephala Eup. M. G. V: 3 f. 21? P. monile Ens. M. G.
XVII: 1 f. 12?

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Rosslingen in Kalmar lan)! America (Houghton, Michigan)!

Var. Formica Eup. (1843). — V. triundulate, with strongly inflated middle and capitate
ends. L. 0,08 to 0,09; B. 0,014 mm. Striz 9 in 0.01 mm., interrupted in the middle, convergent
at the ends. — Nav. Formica Ens. Am. p. 130. M.G.IV: 3 f. 8. Pinnul. polyonca Lewis Proc. Ac.
N. Sc. Philad. 1861 p. 67 Pl. I f. 7. Nav. peripunctata Brun. D. Esp. n. p. 37 Pl. XVI f. 11, 1891.

Fresh water: N. America (Waltham, Mass.! N. Jersey to Savannah, Lewis).

48. P. parva (Ens. 1843?) Grue. (1854). — V. linear, gradually tapering from the middle
to the obtuse or capitate ends. L. 0,04 to 0,07; B. 0,007 to 0,013 mm. Median line filiform with
approximate central pores and semicircular terminal fissures. Axial area broad, lanceolate. Strize
9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, convergent at the ends, frequently uni- or bilaterally inter,
rupted. — Stauroptera parva Hus. Am. III: 1, f. 19? P. parva Gree. M. J. I Pl. IV f. 11. Nav.
parvula Raurs Pritch. Inf. p. 908 (1861). Grun. Foss. D. Ost. Ung. p. 143 Pl. XXX f. 387. Nav,
gibba var. brevistriata V. H. Syn. p. 78 Pl. VIf.5. A.S. Atl. XLITI f. 21. Nav. gibba forma. curta
Burtscu Rabh. Alg. Sachsens N:o 951 (1860). Nav. biglobosa Scuum. P. D. II Nacht. f. 48? Nav.
curtestriata Pant. TII Pl. XII f. 188 (1893). Nav. (peregrina var.?) curtestr. Panr. II p. 44 Pl. IT
f. 19 (1889). aa

Fresh water: Sweden! Finland! Scotland (Greg.), Holstein! Dresden! Hungary, foss. Grun.,
Java! Australian Alps! New Zealand! North America (Crane Pond, Illinois)! Argentina!

Var. Lagerstedtii Cur. — L. 0,025 to 0,033; B. 0,005 to 0,oo8 mm. Strie 8,5 to 10 in 0,01
mm. -- Nav. parvula Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 26 Pl. II f. 4 1873.

Fresh water: Beeren Eiland, Spitsbergen (Lagst.).

Var. Nove Zealandie Cu. — L 0,032; B. 0,008 mm. Striz 12 in 0,oi mm. interrupted on
both sides of the central nodule.

Fresh water: New Zealand (Rotomahana)!

49. P. modesta Grun. (1882). - V_ linear-lanceolate with obtuse ends. L. 0,035; B. 0,007
mm. Median iine with approximate central pores. Area broad, lanceolate. Striz 21 to 22 in

88 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

0,01 mm. parallel, convergent at the ends. — Nav. modesta Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 143
Pl. XXX f. 39.

Fresh water: Hungary, foss. Grun., Ecuador (Riobamba)!

VII. Majores.
Artificial key.

Terminal fissures in contrary directions . ie eh : woe. oe sf a Bh
a
ae — the same — Pode, a eg 3.
9. | Enis broad, zeuniea wh hetem tbs heady gg “ch . e-s Aakihouseet shes & P. Miewavia A. S.
= subcapitate..¢. 2846 ke80 4 ea see a 4 hexe [S' Sieh P. Flammula A. 8.
Strie parallel or slightly radiate... . oo yee se Ba Se - eae a are P
3.
ee TACUAGC 2. Say ee sh hae ee ice We Gea Ge re RE OB eae dy Be 5.
4 7s BEOA Ces rac Pay ety oe Be GE Bo eae OD ea he, ae? cal Mp Poe aa ALA “WE ea P. macilenta Exp.
22. NATTOW 2 ne de ela Sale Atak dels .. « « BP. secernenda A. 8.
5. oe across the strie broad... . 1... 2... eee Ka. Sek Bie ss 6.
: — narrow or indistinct ..... Bo ode Goats ve
Elliptic-lanceolate . 2. 2... 2.0. Selle cod dare Be ... . P. Dactylus Ens.
aes with broad, rounded ends ........... . .. P. latevittata Cu.
7, i very narrow ..... hh: ea td Bs ate. tho ee OS:
moderately broad... ........ gare Se He Se Pe oe 9:
8. aes slightly radiate . ...... Bast lt Sir So ese. es PB; conspicua A. S.
strongly (SS Sew ie hee eee es Eee ela A de Bae hye oe P. oregonica Cu.
9, one with uudulate margins. ......... eRe Eh. ese dee Teh A P. Ksox Ens.
Margins not undulate ......... CIP. Be BB ap eS a, A -B 10.
10. le trianpular oe. RG en, ee age Bee Me P. trigonocephala Cu.
— rounded or subcuneate .. 2... 1.6... 2p wee . . . PB. major Kirz.

50. P. macilenta (Hus. 1843) Cu. — V. linear, with broadly obtuse ends. L. 0,11 to 0,15;
B. 0,017 to 0,02 mm. Median line broad, oblique, not complex; its central pores approximate and
the terminal fissures comma-like. Axial area wide, less than a third of the breadth of the valve,
linear, scarcely widened in the middle. Stria parallel, 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. crossed by a narrow
band. — Eup. Am. 21 f. 23? M.G. If. 7; I:3 f. 138. Cu. Diat. of Finland p. 24 Pl. I f. 27.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Wenern, Lake Rosslangen in Kalmar lan)! Finland (Nyland,
Pudasjirvi)! Hungary (Bory, fossil)! America (Pine spring, Hermico Co, Va, Deby Coll.)!

51. P. secernenda A. S. (1876). — V. linear, with broadly rounded subcapitate ends and
slightly gibbous middle. L. 0,17; B. 0,021 mm. Median line oblique with approximate céntral
pores. Axial area narrow, not dilated around the central nodule. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. almost
parallel. — Nav. sec. A. S. Atl. XLIIT f. 13.

Fresh water: Laconia U. 8. A. (Atl.).

52. P. trigonocephala Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, gibbous in the middle and at the broadly
cuneate, subcapitate ends. L. 0,17 to 0,2; B. 0,026 mm. Median line narrow, its central pores
approximate. Terminal fissures comma-shaped. Axial area narrow, linear, slightly dilated in the
middle. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends. Bands
not visible. —- Pl. I f. 21. ;

Fresh water: America (Waltham Mass., Hudson River, Deby Coll., Big Lake S. Calif.
Deby Coll.)!

53. P. conspicua A. S. (1876). — V. linear, gibbous in the middle and at the ends. L. 0,11
to 0,13; B. 0,018 to 0,019 mm. Median line filiform, with approximate central pores and semi-
circular terminal fissures. Area very narrow, slightly dilated around the central nodule. Striz
11 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent in the middle, elsewhere almost parallel. — Nav conspicua
A. 8. Atl. XLITI f. 10, 11.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wn:o 3. 89

54. P. Flamma A. 8. (1876). — V. linear, with broadly rounded ends. L. 0,14 to 0,15;
B. 0,025 to 0,02 mm. Axial area very narrow, central orbicular. Striz subparallel, flexuose, in
the middle radiate, 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a broad band. — Nav. Flamma A. S. Atl.
XLII f. 27, 28.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

55. P. Flammula A. 8. (1876). — V. linear, with somewhat dilated and capitate ends.
L. 0,1; B. 0,015 mm. Axial area narrow, central orbicular. Strie radiate, 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav.
Flammula A. 8. Atl. XLII f. 26.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

Seems to be only a smaller form of the preceding.

56. P. oregonica Ci. N. Sp. — V. linear, slightly triundulate, with cuneate, subacute ends.
L. 0,113; B. 0,015 mm. Median line filiform with approximate median pores, and semicircular
terminal fissures. Axial area very narrow, widened in the middle to a rhomboid-lanceolate central
area. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — A. 8. Atl. XLIITf. 34.
Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

57. P. major Kirz (1833). — V. slender, linear, gibbous in the middle, and at the rounded
ends. L. 0,2 to 0,3; B. 0,03 mm. Median line not complex, oblique; terminal fissures comma-
shaped. Area linear somewhat less than a third of the breadth of the valve, scarcely widened in
the middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a narrow band. — Frustulia major Ktirz Syn. p. 19
f. 25? Nav. maj. Kitz Bac. p. 97 Pl. IV f. 19, 21. Donx. B. D. p. 69 Pl. XI f. 2. V. H. Syn.
p- 73 Pl. V f. 3,4. A. 8. Atl XLIT f. 8.

Fresh water (usually larger lakes): Sweden (Lapland to Skane)! Finland (Russian Lap-
land to Nyland)! Novaja Zemla! France! Switzerland (Lac Leman)! Japan! New Zealand! America
(Canada, Albany, Michigan, Washington Territory)!

Var. linearis Cu. — V. linear, not gibbous in the middle, or ends. Area narrower. Strize
7 in 0,01 mm. — Pinn. maj. W. Sm. B. D. XVIII f. 162. Nav. maj. var. andesitica Pant. III
Pl. VIT f. 113 (1893).

Fresh water: Sweden (Lake Rosslingen)! Norway (Stavanger, foss.)! England Sm. Finland
(Pudasjarvi, foss.)! Holstein! Germany! Africa (Congo, V. H. Coll.)! America (Monticello New
York, Waltham Mass., Demerara)!

Var. heroina A. 8. (1876). — V. gibbous in the middle and at the subcuneate ends. L. 0,26;
B. 0,035 mm. Median line broad, oblique. Area narrow. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent
in the middle, and convergent at the ends. Bands indistinct. — Nav. heroina Atl. XLIII f. 2.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

Var. asymmetrica Cu. — V. linear, with broad, obtuse ends. L. 0,14 to 0,26; B. 0,02 to 0,03
mm. Median line asymmetrical, the two halves of it meeting each other in an obtuse angle. —
Hs Us ey

Fresh water: America (Eralton Lake Canada, Waltham Mass., Crane Pond, Montgomery
Alabama)!

Var. subacuta Eup. (1854). — V. linear, with parallel margins and cuneate ends Area
narrow. Strie 7 to 7,5 in 0,01 mm. — Pinnul. subacuta Eup. M. G. XXXV A6f. 12. — A.S.
Atl. XLII f. 30 to 32.

Fresh water: Demerara River! Caldas, Brazil!

Var. turgidula CL. — V. strongly gibbous in the middle and at the ends. L. 0,17 to 0,28;
B. 0,034 to 0,o4 mm. Strize 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: America (Monticello, Troy, Sierra Nevada)!

This form is very similar to P. latevittata var. Domingensis, from which it differs only by
a narrower band across the strie.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3. 12

90 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. transversa A. 8. (1876). — V. very slender. L. 0,17 to 0,22; B. 0,o2 mm. Median line
very broad and oblique. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. transversa A. 8. Atl. XLIII f. 5 to 6.
Fresh water: Finland (Sodankyla)! America (Monticello)! Australia (South Yarra)!

58. P. Esox Ens. (1843). — V. triundulate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,08 to 0,145; B. 0,012
to 0,022 mm. Median line not complex, narrow. Terminal fissures comma-like. Area linear,
narrow, less than 1/, of the breadth of the valve. Strie 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the
middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a narrow band. — Am. I: 2 f. 4? Scuum. Pr. D. I
Pl. IX f. 36? Ox. Diat. of Finl. p. 24 Pl. I f. 3. Hiri. D. d’Auvergne p. 82 Pl. IV f. 4.

Fresh water: Sweden (Almten in Kalmar lan)! Finland (Sodankyla)! Greenland! Puy de
Déme, fossil (Hérib.), America (Maine, Brun Coll.)!

59. P. latevittata Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,18; B. 0,033
mm. Median line not complex, oblique; terminal fissures comma-shaped. Axial area broad, less
than 1/, of the breadth of the valve, widened in the middle. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., divergent
in the middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a very broad band. — A. 8. Atl. XLII f. 5.

Fresh water: Puerto Monte, Chile, foss.! Ecuador!

Var. Domingensis Cu. — V. slender, gibbous in the middle and at the ends. L. 0,15 to
0,36; B. 0,022 to 0,04 mm. Strie 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. XLIII f. 3. Cu. Diatomiste
IT Pl. VII f. 3.

Fresh water: North America (Cherryfield, Atl.), West Indies, Jamaica and St. Vincent
(Grove Coll.)! San Domingo (Witt Coll.)! Ecuador!

60. P. Dactylus Eup. (1843). — V. subelliptic-linear, with rounded, obtuse ends. L. 0,17
to 0,32; B. 0,03 to 0,o5 mm. Median line gently undulate, not complex. Central nodule large,
excentric; terminal fissures comma-shaped. Axial area moderately wide, about '/, as broad as the
valve, irregularly linear-lanceolate. Strie 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a broad band. — Am.
p. 1382 Pl. IV:1 f. 3. P. Gigas Ens. Am. p. 133, Il: 3 f. 1. Navicula Dactylus A. 8. Atl. XLIT
f. 3, 4, 6. Nav. Dac. forma maxima V. H. Syn. Pl. V f. 1. Nav. Gigas A. 8. Atl. XLIT f. 1.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Halland)! Norway! Finland! Scotland (Premnay Peat)!
France (Lac Gerardmer Vosges)! America (common: most diatomaceous earths)!

Var. horrida Hiri. a. Prerae. (1893). — L. 0,16; B. 0,025 mm. Area with irregularly
scattered spines. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. maj. var. horr. Hiri. a. Parag. D. d’Auvergne
p. 83 Pl. IV f. 3.

Fresh water: Puy de Déme (fossil).

Var. Demerare Cu. — Linear, with subcuneate ends. L. 0,14; B. 0,034 mm. Strie 5,5 in
0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. XLIII f. 29.

Fresh water: South America (Demerara River)!

Var. Dariana A. 8. (1876). — V. lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,18 to 0,21; B. 0,041
0,045 mm. Median line oblique, not complex, with comma-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area
broad, less than 1/,; of the breadth of the valve, widened in the middle. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,02 mm.,
divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a broad band. — Nav. Dariana A. S.
Atl. XLII f. 24, 25.

Fresh water: America, Crane Pond! Schasta Co. Calif.! Neuse River (Atl.), Darien (Atl).

VIII. Complexe.
Artificial key.

1 Central area a transverse fascia. . . stg a at bs , : ged ; my ad «te - GOR
, —_ — not — SSSA) eB (ake ae OPE. ete Nate eee ar Gi dae So 4,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:0 3. 91

2. ae large. L. 0,15 to0,2 mm... ......... : . P. cardinalis Ens.
small L. 0,08 toQ,12 mm. ..... ©. ..... He. g Oe es 3.
3. yeas 7 to 7,5 in 001 mm..........2.. got .. . P. estuarii Cu.
— 9 to 12 — see hn Ge AO) ae i ahs Soh sachs « Iecdee Sah as Fane MB as P. isostauron Gron.
4 eae gibbous in the middle and at the ends . ; : : od Be Bs <@ Ds
— not — _— _ — ae . 6.
Stria 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm. te ee pre-e . P. nobilis Exp.
b. { .
— 7in 0,01 mm. .. ... .. . .P. gentilis Donx.
6. hie parallel or slightly saaiale: eee A A a Oy ge 7.
strongly radiate... . PM ke nt Shanda oe acan Te P. distenqusena Cu.
1, os with parallel margins . . bes eh Bethe aad ia P. streptoraphe Cu.
— convex _— pase eee) tk RO pia Nyy ese ow ee Bi
8. Pg ge, MMs gets | Cat dae ees \Gsh: auger gis lar P. flexuosa Cu.
— 6,5 (to 15) in 001mm ....... +... ......4. P. viridis Nrvzscu.

61. P. viridis Nrrzscu (1817). — V. slipdelliicas with parallel margins, attenuated to-
wards the rounded ends. L. 0,14 to 0,17; B. 0,02 to 0,024 mm. Median line complex; terminal
fissures comma-shaped. Axial area linear, narrow, about '/; of the breadth of the valve, slightly
widened around the central nodule. Strie 6,5 to 7,5 in 0,01 mm. slightly divergent in the middle
and convergent at the ends, else almost parallel, crossed by a distinct band, about }/, of the length
of the striae. — Bacillaria viridis Nrrzscu Pl. IV f. 1 to 3. Pinnul. viridis Eup. Inf. p. 182. Nav.
viridis Kirz Bac. p. 97 Pl. XXX f. 12. A. S. Atl. XLIJ f. 11 to 14, 19, 21, 22, 23. V. H. Syn.
p. 73 Pl. V f. 5. Pinnul. medioconstricta Rasy. A. Sachsens N:o 952 (1860). Nav. Gutvinskii Panv.
III Pl. XIV f. 217 (1893)?

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Skane)! Norway! Finland (Russian Lapland to Ladoga)!
Belgium (V. H.), Germany (Franzenbad Dept.)! Hungary (Dubravica Dept. Grun.), Italy (Livorno,
Atl.), Australia (Talbot River, Victoria)! New Zealand! America (Illinois, California, Ecuador,
Brazil)!

Var. intermedia Cu. (1891). -- V. linear. L. 0,075 to 0,11; B. 0,014 to 0,015 mm. Area
about 1/, of the breadth of the valve. Strize 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, conver-
gent at the ends, crossed by a narrow band. — Nav. major A. 8. A. Atl. XLII f. 9, 10. Pinn.
virid. var. int. Cu. D. of Finl. p. 22. Nav. viridis Pant. III Pl. VII f. 119 (1898)?

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland, Smaland)! Finland! Scotland (Atl.), Congo (V. H. Coll.)!
Java! Australia (Blue Mountains)!

Var. commutata Grun. (1876). — V. linear. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,01 mm. Area narrow,
widened in the middle. Striew 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the
ends. Bands indistinct. — Pinnul. viridis W. Sm. XVIII f. 163 a’. Nav. commutata Gron. A. 8.
Atl. XLV f. 35 to 37. Pinn. Heufleri Prptctno Ischia Pl. II f. 17 (1867). Pinn. sudetica Huse
Rab. A. Eur. N:o 1023 (1861). Nav. decumana Pant. III Pl. XXXV f. 499 (1893)?

Fresh water: Sweden (Upsala, Rosslangen in Smaland)! Finland (Russian Lapland to La-
doga)! England Sm., Scotland (Lock Canmor Atl), Germany (Harz, Atl.), France (Lac Gerardmer,
Vosges)! Tasmania! America (Canada, Waltham Mass., S:ta Rosa Calif., Sierra Nevada, Rio Purus
Brazil)!

‘Similar to Pinn. vir. var. commutata is Pinn. oblongo-linearis Kostowsky (Materialy 1888
p. 23 Pl. XVII f. 5) but this form has wider strie, about 6 in 0,01 mm.

Var. leptogongyla (Eus.?) Grun. (1876). — V. linear with parallel margins, or slightly
gibbous in the middle. Ends rounded. L. 0,08; B. 0,01 mm. Area narrow, strongly dilated in
the middle to a rhomboid-orbicular space. Median line filiform. Terminal fissures semicircular.
Striz 10 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Nav. leptogongyla Grun.
in A. 8. Atl XLV f. 26 to 28. Nav. Tabellaria Donk. B. D. p. 70 Pl. XII f. 4?

Slightly brackish water: Eger, Franzenbad foss.!

Var. fallaz Cu. — L. 0,045 to 0,095; B. 0,009 to 0,016 mm. Area very narrow. Striz 10 to
12 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, frequently uni- or bilaterally interrupted. — Pinnul. viridis 8 W. Sm.

92 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Br. D. XVIII f. 163 8. Nav. semicruciata A. 8. Atl. XLIV f. 48? XLIII f. 24. Nav. viridis
var. commtate VHS. p. 73 Pl: Vv £. 6. A. S. Ath. XLV £. 10, 11.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Smaland)! Belgium (V. H.), Germany (Harz Atl.. Eis-
leben Atl.), Australia (Waltham Mass., Monticello, Sierra Famatina Argent., Rio Purus Brazil)!

According to Van Hzurcx’s Syn. the valves of the same frustule are dissimilar, the strize
being in one uninterrupted and in the other unilaterally interrupted. This variety, confounded
with the preceding, is distinguished by its almost parallel strie.

Var. semicruciuta Grun. (1882). — V. large. Striz unilaterally interrupted. — Nav. viridis
var. semicruciata Grun. Foss. D. Oster. Ung. p. 148.

Fresh water: Hungary, foss. (Grun.).

Var. rupestris Hantzscu (1861). — L. 0,04 to 0,065; B. 0,007 to 0,012 mm. Area very
narrow. Strie 13 to 15 in 0,01 mm. divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends. — Pinnul.
rup. Hantzscu Rab. Alg. E. N:o 1203. Nav. rup. A. 8. Atl. XLV f. 38 to 44.

Fresh water: Sweden (Top of the mountain Areskutan! Vernamo, foss., Atl.), Norway!
Finland! Denmark (Ringkidbing, Atl.), Holstein! Iceland! Scotland (Braemar, Edinburgh, Loch
Canmor, Atl.), Saxony! America (Cherryfield)! Martinique!

Var. dispar Scuum. (1862). — Area unilateral. L. 0,05 to 0,06 mm. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm.
— Nav. dis. Scuum. P. D. 1 Nachtr. p. 189 f. 50.

Fresh water: Konigsberg, foss. (Schum.). ,

62. P. distinguenda Cx. (1891). — V. linear to elliptic-linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,10
to 0,18; B. 0,02 to 0,026 mm. Median line distinctly complex; central nodule large, excentric;
terminal fissures comma-like. Axial area broad, about '/, of the breadth of the valve, irregularly
linear-lanceolate, unilaterally widened in the middle. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., strongly divergent in
the middle and convergent at the ends, crossed by indistinct bands. — Nav. viridis Kttz Bac. IV
f. 18. Pinnul. viridis W. Sm. f. 163 a. Pinnul. viridis var. distinguenda Cu. I). of Finl. p. 22
Pl. I f. 1. Nav. Hyrilit Pant. IIT Pl. XVIT f. 257 (1893)? Nav. viridis var. fossilis Pant. HI
Pl. XII f. 193 (1893). Nav. puripinnata Panr. IIT Pl. XVIII f. 263 (1893)?

Brackish or fresh water: Sweden (Carlshamn and Sédertelge Depts.)! Finland! Hungary
(Bory Dept.)! Kamtschatka! Africa (Congo V. H. Coll.)! Australia (South Yarra, Tasmania)! New
Zealand! America (Houghton foss., Michigan Shasta Co. and S:ta Rosa Cal., Washington Territory,
Sierra Famatina, Argent.)!

63. P. gentilis Donx. (1873). —- V. linear, with parallel margins and broadly rounded ends.
L. 0,14 to 0,25; B. 0,022 to 0,036 mm. Median line slightly complex, with somewhat approximate
central pores and comma-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, less than !/, of the breadth
of the valve. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm., divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a
moderately broad, not very distinct, band. — Nav. gentilis Donx. Br. D. p. 69 Pl. XII f.1. A.S.
Atl. XLII f. 2.

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Upland)! Finland! England (Donk., Atl.), Schlesien
(Gronowitz foss.)! United States (Salem Mass., Waltham Mass.)!

64. P. nobilis Eup. (1840). — V. linear, slightly gibbous in the middle and at the broadly
rounded ends. L. 0,25 to 0,35; B. 0,034 to 0,05 mm. Median line complex, with somewhat approxi-
mate central pores and comma-shaped terminal fissures. Axial area linear, less than '/,; of the
breadth of the valve, slightly widened around the central nodule. Strie 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm.
divergent in the middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a distinct band, 1/; as broad as the
length of the strie. — Ber. 1840 p. 214. W. Sm. Br. D. XVIII f. 161. P. mesogongyla Eup. p. p.
M. G. VI:i f. 5. Nav. nobilis Kira Bac. p. 98 Pl. IV f. 24. Donx. Br. D. p. 68 Pl. XI f. 1.
V. H. Syn. p. 73 Pl. V f. 2. A. S. Atl. XLII f. 1.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 93

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Smaland)! Norway (Stavanger Dept.)! Finland! Eng-
land! Scotland! Ireland! France! Switzerland (Br.), Italy (Livorno, foss.)! America (Salem and
Boxford Mass., Big Lake Cal. Montgommery Ala., Washington Terr. all foss.)!

Var. neogena Grun. (1882). — L. 0,215; B. 0,032 to 0,036 mm. Area broader. Stria 5 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. nob. var. neog. Grun, Foss. Diat. Oster. Ung. p. 143 Pl. XXX f. 41. Pant. III
Pl. IX f. 159.

Fresh water: Dubravica, Hungary, foss. (Grun.).

Var. fossilis Pant. (1889). -—- L. 0,12 to 0,21; B. 0,018 to 0,033 mm. Strie 6,5 to 8 in 0,01
mm. — Panr. IT p. 51.

Fresh water?: Bory Hungary (Pant.).

65. P. flexuosa Ci. N. Sp. — V. linear to elliptic-linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,22 to
0,27; B. 0,04 to 0,048 mm. Median line complex. Central nodule large, excentric; terminal fissures
comma-shaped. Axial area broad, somewhat less than !/, of the breadth of the valve, not, or very
slightly, widened in the middle. Striz 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm., slightly divergent in the middle and
convergent at the ends, crossed by broad, distinct bands. — Pl. I f. 23.

Fresh water: Canada (Eralton Lake)! United State (Cherryfield, Crane Pond)!

This form is nearly akin to P. nobilis, but closely resembles P. Dactylus, from which species
it differs principally by. its complex median line.

66. P. streptoraphe Cx. (1891). — V. linear with ‘parallel margins and broad, rounded ex-
tremities. L. 0,18 to 0,26; B. 0,03 mm. Median line strongly complex; terminal fissures comma-
shaped. Axial area moderately narrow, less than 1/, of the valve, not widened in the middle.
Striw almost parallel, 5 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a broad and distinct band. — Naw. sp. A.S. Atl.
XLII f. 7. Nav. viridis var. sublinearis Grun. Franz Jos. L. D. p. 98 PLIf. 22. Pin. streptoraphe
Cu. Diat. of Finl. p. 23.

Fresh water: Franz Jos. Land (Grun.), Sweden (common in most diatomaceous earths from
Lapland to Smaland)! Finland! England (Premnay Peat, Loch Leven)! France (Lac de Grandlieu
Loire infér.)! N. America (common in most diatomaceous earths, for inst. Nova Scotia, New York,
Massachusetts, California)!

Var. styliformis Grun. (1884). — L. 0,116; B. 0,o125 mm. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm. Area narrow.
— Eup. M. G. XXXVIIL 17 f. 6? Nav. viridis var. stylif. Grun. Franz Jos. L. D. p. 98 Pl. I f. 21.

Fresh water: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

Var. minor Cu. (1891). — L. 0,085 to 0,1; B. 0,015 to 0,016 mm. Area distinct. Strie
slightly radiate, 6,5 in 0,01 mm., interrupted on one or both sides of the central nodule. — Nav.
viridis A. S. Atl. XLII f. 20. Pinnul. viridis var. minor Cu. Diat. of Finl. p. 22 Pl. I f. 2.

Fresh water: Sweden (Rosslingen Smal., Ebbetorp Dept. Smal.)! Finland!

67. P. isostauron (Euv. 1843?) Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with parallel margins and
rounded ends. L. 0,03 to 0,07; B. 0,oos. Median line flexuose, axial area narrow, widened around
the central nodule to a transverse fascia. Strie parallel 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroptera iso-
stauron Ens. Am. p. 135 f. 1. M. G. XVI:1 f. 7? Naw. viridis var. icostauron Grun. A. D. p. 27
Pl. I £. 14. Nav. icostauron var. conifera Brun a. Hare. D. d'Auvergne p. 91 Pl. Il f. 2.

Fresh water: Greenland! Iceland! Kara Sea (Grun.), Sweden (Férarm in Asnen, Upsala)!
Finland! Puy du Déme (fossil), Colorado (Brun Coll.)!

Stauroptera isostauron of Emrenpere is very doubtful and may perhaps denote some forms
of Pinn. divergens, scarcely the species of Grunow, which is closely related to P. Acstuari Ct.
P. isostauron may perhaps more properly be placed in the group Gracilliime.

68. P. Aestuarii Ct. N. Sp. — V. linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends. L. 0,10
to 0,12; B. 0,o16 mm. Median line flexuose; terminal fissures semicircular. Axial area moderately

94 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

broad, linear. Central area a transverse fascia, reaching to the margin. Strie parallel, 7 to 7,5
0,0. mm. — Pl. I f. 16.

Slightly brackish water: Sweden (postglacial deposit of Ebbetorp in Kalmar Lin)! Mouth
in of Delaware! Connecticut!

69. P. cardinalis Eup. (1840). — V. linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,15 to 0,2;
B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Median line distinctly complex, central pores approximate, terminal fissures
comma-shaped, small. Axial area wide; central area a broad transverse fascia, reaching to the
margin. Strie 5 in 0,01 mm., slightly divergent in the middle and convergent at the ends, crossed
by a broad band. — Stauwroptera cardinalis Eun. Berl. Abh. 1840 p. 213 (accord. to Chase). Pinnul.
cardinalis W. Sm. Br. D. I Pl. XIX f. 166. Nav. cardinalis A. S. Atl. XLIV f.1,2. V.H. Syn.
p. 74 Suppl. Pl. A f. 5. .

Fresh water: Sweden (Lapland to Smaland foss.)! Finland! Ireland, Scotland (Loch Leven,
Ordie Deposit), Belgium (V. H.), Italy (Livorno, Atl.), Switzerland (Brun).

IX. Marine.

Artificial key.

1 Sati cr ae 5. se Iniiey ah Good ny tase oe de ue RR
Symmetrical. . 2... 00000 bia , : ee nds 4 ha
9. pas strongly radiate . . ie Det: JBL ob BA es #E Stauntonii Grun.
— slightly — ho Rete A oe way de ... .P. ambigua var. Digitus A. 8.
3. oe area broad . 0 7 ww we (Bee EA aah aS rec ee 4.
— narrow or indistinct . : BS Mia phan: 62 tie tev ae eee 5.

4 ee narrow Me lash ci acd Bi oe ‘ P. ambigua Cu.

broad. . e Sd : fo chads . P. Temperet Bron.

5. ape nodule stauroid oye P. bistriata Levp. Forrm.

— not— ..... whe ig tehee ak ate ae este : 6.
. f Central area large, orbicular . . BAS: paivisy ty ae eke 7 i ws hs
6.
ee — a transverse fascia ..... ho oR BR de eel 10.
7. este crossed by a blank band. .... . 3 go eA 8.
— not —-- — —_ : aati gas 9.
3. J Valve linear... 1... ; . P. Trevelyana Donk.
\ — lanceolate... ....... ‘ P. Grenlandica Cu.
9. ee 3to4in0o1mm........... Bde at . P. excellens Cu.
— 8tol0 — — ... bce gees lee. 8 ‘ . P. rectangulata Grue.
Valve biconstricted. 2 2 2 ee ee ln P. Claviculus Gre.
10. {= constricted in the middle =......... Se et 11.
not or slightly constricted in the middle . ; : oer toe 12,

Th i 0,1 mm, . meth. tomer sete der 9 ag a Pp. lobatn GRovE a. Srurr.
L. about 0035 mm. «1... Sf eae ee . P. constricta Ou.
Axial area indistinct. ..... Bo Sn esse apt iackes -detche, ies Meare enue se 13.

12. Vo

— narrow...... ze Te) pttn cee aGhle 8 Alla a idee 14.
13. oe parallel oie Sl th tte ee en ahel, Jana a dy iB P. quadratarea A. S.
— radiate in the middle, convergent at the ane ee P. cruciformis Donx.
va pa 12 in O;00 Mins en Ge te eee Se Bo oe ae P. cruciata Cu.
TSsto 20S eae es i Bs Hayes adh IRR oh 2h 8 F P. floridana Cu.

70. P. ambigua Cu. N. Sp. — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,033 to 0,0783 B. 0,007
to 0,oo8 mm. Central nodule small, terminal nodules small, approximate to the margin. Area
broad, linear, not widened in the middle. Striz short, parallel, 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., with capitate
terminations. — Nav. retusa Grun. A. D. p. 38 (1880). Cx. Vega p. 470 Pl. XXXVI f. 35.

Marine: Lysekil (Bohuslain, Sweden, Grun.), Oldenburg (Gran. ), Cape Wankarema!

The frustule is according to Grunow, in the zone-view more or less constricted in the
middle and more or less broad. The connecting zone has numerous punctate longitudinal divisions

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wn:o 3. 95

Nav. retusa Brie. seems to be a form, akin to Nav. cancellata, and therefore entirely dif-
ferent from this species, which I have, with much hesitation, placed in Pinnularia.

Var. (Amphora) Digitus A. S. (1875). — V. asymmetrical. L. 0,05 to 0,1; B. 0,007 to 0,012
mm. Axial area asymmetrical, a little broader on the dorsal side. Striw 8 in 0,01 mm., not dis-
tinctly punctate. Frustule rectangular. Connecting zone with several faint Jongitudinal divisions,
which are finely transversely lineate; lineole 24 in 0,01 mm. — Amphora Digitus A. S. Atl. XXVI
f. 30. Cu. and Grove Diatomiste I p. 67 Pl. X f. 11 to 13.

Marine: North Sea! Guernsey (Grove Coll.)! Balearic Islands! Macassar Straits! China!

71. P. bistriata Leup. Forrm. (1879). — V. linear, with rounded ends. IL. 0,055 to 0,065;
B. 0,009 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated. Axial area narrow; central area a broad, trans-
verse fascia. Strize 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the middle, transverse or convergent at the ends.
— Stauroneis bistriata Leup. Fortm. D. Ceylon Pl. IX f. 89.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona)! Ceylon (Leud. Fortm.). Labuan!

I have seen only two valves of this characteristic form and I have placed it in Pinnularia
with great hesitation.

72. P. quadratarea A. S. (1874). — V. narrow, linear, with parallel margins and broad
rounded extremities. L. 0,01 to 0,09; B. 0,011 mm. Median line with small terminal fissures.
Axial area indistinct or very narrow; central area a broad fascia. Strie parallel, 8 to 10 in 0,01
mm. -— Nav. Pinnularia Cu. (1868) Sv. N. D. p. 224 Pl IV f. 1, 2. Nav. quadrat. A. 8. N.S. D.
p. 90 Pl. 1E f. 96.

Marine: Arctic Seas (Arctic America, Spitsbergen, Finmark, Novaja Zembla, Cape Wanka-
rema)! North Sea (Bohuslain, Sweden)! Mediterr. (Balearic Islands)! Australia Sydney!

This species was first described by me as Nav. Pinnularia, and later by A. Scumipt as Nav.
quadratarea, but as my specific name would be inadmissible I have given preference to the name
of A. Scumipt. It is a very variable species, of which a great number of forms has been described
as distinct species, but as they are closely connected I have united them. The chief distinction
consists in the outline and the number of striz. Closely connected with some of the varieties (Var.
fluminensis etc.) are P. floridana Cu. and P. cruciata. On the other hand the var. Théelii approaches
to P. cruciformis Donx. The varieties may be arranged in the following series.

A. Forms with linear, not constricted valves.

Var. baltica Grun. (1880). — B. 0,008. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pinn. var. balt.
Grown. A. D. p. 27.

Brackish water: Baltic (Grun.).

Var. Seychellensis Grun. (1880). — V. short, linear, with rounded ends. B. 0,011 mm.
Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. Pinn. var. Seych. Grun. A. D. p. 28.

Marine: Seychelles (Grun.).

Var. Séderlundii Cu. (1880). — V. linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,036 to 0,045; B. 0,006
to 0,007 mm. Striz 13 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pinn. var. Séderl. Cu. A. D. p. 28.

Marine: Davis Strait! Balearic Islands! Tahiti!

Var. Tahitensis Gun. (1880). — V. linear, with subcuneate ends. B. 0,oo9 mm. Strize 13
in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pinn. var. Tah. Grun. A. D. p. 28.

Marine: Tahiti (Grun.).

Var. interrupta Cu. (1883). — V. linear, with subcuneate ends. L. 0,08; B. 0,02 mm.
Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., crossed by irregular, longitudinal, blank bands. — Nav. Pinn. var. interr.
Cu. Vega p. 463 Pl. XXXVI f. 21.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

96 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. asymmetrica Cx. (1883). —- V. linear, with subcuneate ends. L. 0,08; B. 0,018 mm.
Axial area narrow, unilateral. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pinn. var. asym. Cu. Vega p. 463.

Marine: Cape Wankarema!

Var. subproducta Grun. (1880). — V. linear, with somewhat rostrate ends. B. 0,01 mm.

Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Pinn. var. subp. Grun. A. D. p. 28.

Brackish water: Baltic (Grun.).

Var. amphiglottis Grun. (1884). — V. linear, with protracted ends. L. 0,115 mm. — Nav.
Stuxbergti var. amphigl. Grun. Franz Josefs Land D. p. 104.

Brackish water: North Siberia (Grun.).

B. Forms with subelliptical to sublanceolate valves.

Var. Stuxbergii Cu. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with broad, rounded or subcuneate ends. L.
0,o59 to 0,1; B. O,o16 to 0,017 mm. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. (finely punctate according to
Grunow). — Nav. Stuxbergii Cu. A. D. p. 13 Pl. I f. 15.

Marine: Sea of Kara! Cape Wankarema!

Var. leptostawron Grun. (1884). — V. elliptic-linear. L. 0,04 to 0,057; B. 0,012 to 0,013
mm. Central fascia with three indistinct striw. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Stuxbergii var.
leptost. Grun. F. Jos. Land D. p. 103 Pl. I f. 82.

Marine: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

Var. subcontinua Grun. (1884). — V. elliptic. L. 0,04; B. U,o14 mm. Central fascia with
one or two indistinct strie. — Nav. Stuxbergii var. subc. Grun. Fr. Jos. Land D. p. 103 Pl. I f. 33.

Marine: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

Var. Theelit Cu. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with rostrate, obtuse ends. IL. 0,055; B. 0,017 mm.
Striz slightly radiate, 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Theelii Cu. A. D. p. 13 Pl I f. 22.

Marine: Kara! Cape Deschneff.

C. Forms constricted in the middle.

Var. fluminensis Grun. (1860). — V. linear, slightly constricted in the middle, with broad,
rounded extremities. L. 0,047; B. 0,008 mm. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fluminensis Grun.
Verh. 1860 p. 520 Pl. TIT f. 7. A. D. p. 28.

Marine: Kara! Adria (Grun.), Ceylon! Seychelles!

Var. kerguelensis Grun. (1880). — V. linear, constricted in the middle. L. 0,057; B. 0,009
(middle) to 0,012 (end) mm. Striz 8,5 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. fluminensis var. kerg. GRUN.
A. D. p. 28.

Marine: Kerguelens Land!

Var. minor Grun. (1880). — L. 0,032; B. 0,005 (middle) to 0,006 (end) mm. Strie 15 in
0,01 mm. — Nav. flumin. var. minor Grun. A. D. p. 28 Pl. I f. 12.

Marine: Finmark!

Var. Léczyi Pant. (1889). — V. linear, slightly constricted in the middle, with cuneate ends.
L. 0,081; B. 0,007 (middle) to 0,0145 (ends) mm. Strie 17,5 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Léczyi Pant. IT
p. 50 Pl. VI f. 114.

Marine: Bremia Dept. Hungary (Pantoczek).

I have not seen original specimens and am therefore uncertain whether this form really
belongs to P. quadratarea or whether it is a Caloneis.

73. P. Claviculus Gree. (1857). — V. linear, with two constrictions, dividing the valve
into three segments, of which the median one is the smallest. L. 0,038 to 0,048; B. in the middle
0,006, at the ends 0,007 mm. Median line with approximate central pores and distant terminal
pores. Axial area indistinct; central area a broad, transverse fascia. Strie parallel, 12 to 13 in

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wo 3. 97

0,01 mm., radiate at the ends. — Nav. Clavic. Gruc. D. of Clyde p. 478 Pl. IX f. 5. A. S.N.
8. D. Pl. II f. 28. Pane. IL Pl. VI f. 110.

Marine: North Sea (Coasts of Scotland Greg.) Sweden! Balearic Islands! Bremia, foss.
Hungary (Pant.).

Var. javanica Cu. — L. 0,04; B. 0,009 mm. Striz 18 in 0,01 mm. parallel — Pl. If. 24.
Marine: Java!

74. P. eruciformis Donk. (1861). — V. linear, often slightly inflated in the middle, with
broad, rounded ends. L. 0,03 to 0,12; B. 0,01 to 0,014 mm. Median line with rather approximate
central pores, and hook-shaped, large terminal fissures. Axial area indistinct, central area a broad
fascia, dilated outwards and reaching to the margin. Strie 10—12 in 0,01 mm. radiate in the
middle, convergent at the ends, crossed by a faint longitudinal depression. — Nav. cruc. Donx.
MH... (QS) Tp. 10 Fe BB Dp 6 PX 4 ACS. NS, DPE Tf os. ‘V. E.
Syn. p. 74 Suppl. A f. 8.

Marine: Finmark! North Sea (coasts of Sweden, England and Belgium)! Baltic (Trave-
miinde Dannf.), West Indies! Cape Horn! Seychelles!

Var. brevior Cu. (1883). — L. 0,035; B. 0,009 mm. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. Vega p. 464
Pl. XXXV f. 18.

Marine: Cape Deschneff!

Var. upolensis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,058; B. 0,01 mm. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly ra-
diate. — Grun. A. D. p. 28.

Var. Seychellensis Grun. (GruN. 1880). — V. lanceolate, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,043;
B. 0,01 mm. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate. — l. e¢.

Nav. elata Lxup. Fort. (D. de Ceylon p. 27 Pl. III f. 28, 1879) seems to belong either to
P. cruciformis or to Achnanthes inflata Grun.

75. BP. eruciata Cu. (1881). — V. linear. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,087; B.
0,017 (in the middle 0,014) mm. Median line with small terminal fissures, and approximate central
pores. Axial area narrow; central a broad fascia, narrowed outwards. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. pa-
rallel. — Nav. cruc. CL. N. R. D. p. 6 PL If. 11.

Marine: Greenland (?)

76. P. floridana Cr. (1881). — V. slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,045 to 0,075;
B. 0,01 to 0,012 (ends), 0,008 to 0,009 (middle) mm. Axial area narrow, distinct; central area a
broad, transverse fascia. Striz almost parallel, 15 (middle) to 20 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Naw. flu-
minensis var. floridana Cu. N. R. D. p. 6 Pl. I f. 10.

Marine: Pensacola (Florida)!

77. P. excellens Cx. (1890). — V. linear, slender, slightly constricted in the middle, with
cuneate ends. IL. 0,3; B. 0,03 (middle) to 0,043 (ends). Median line with approximate central pores
and small, curved terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, linear, slightly widened in the middle,
where on each side of the central nodule is a linear marking. Striz almost parallel, 3 in 0,01
mm., slightly radiate at the ends. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 31 Pl. V f. 6.

Marine: Oamaru Dept., New Zealand (Tempére).

Var. interrupta Cu. (1890). — L. 0,21; B. 0,022 to 0,o29 mm. Striz 4 in 0,01 mm. Central
area a broad, transverse fascia, reaching to the margin. — Cu. l. ¢. p. 31.

Marine: Oamaru Dept., New Zealand (Deby Coll.)!

78. BP. lobata Grove a. Stunt (1887). — V. panduriform, with subelliptical segments. L. 0,09
to 0,12; B. 0,025 to 0,03; at the constr. 0,015 mm. Median line with approximate central pores
and small terminal fissures. Axial area narrow, linear; central area a broad fascia reaching to the

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 27. N:o 3. 13

98 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

margin and with a linear marking on each side of the central nodule. Striz 4 in 0,01 mm.,
slightly divergent in the middle and at the ends. — Nav. lobata Grove a. Sturt J. Q. M. Cl. (2)
TI p. 133 Pl. X f. 12. Nav. spathifera Grove a. Sturt A. 8. Atl. CLXXIV f. 23.

Marine: Oamaru Dept., New Zealand! San Pedro Dept. (Kinker Coll.)!

79. P. constricta Cr. N. Sp. — V. small, constricted in the middle, with apiculate ends.
L. 0,035; B. 0,01 mm. (at the constr. 0,005 mm.). Terminal fissures small. Axial area narrow;
central a transverse, broad fascia. Strize 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., parallel. — Pl. I f. 14.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

80. P. Temperei Brun (1889). — V. broad, with parallel or slightly concave margins, and
cuneate, obtuse ends. L. 0,14 to 0,15; B. 0,045 to 0,055 mm. Median line with distant central
pores and small, hook-shaped, terminal fissures, bordered on each side by lines, divergent towards
the middle of the valve. Area wide, lanceolate, dilated around the central nodule. Striz 7 to
8 in 0,01 mm. in the middle radiate, and sometimes alternately longer and shorter, parallel at the
ends. — Nav. Temperet Brun Diat. du Japon p. 45 Pl. V f. 1. — A. S. Atl. CLXXIV f. 24.

Marine: Sendai Dept. Japan!

81. P. Trevelyana Donk. (1861). — V. linear, slightly gibbous in the middle and at the
broad, rounded ends. J. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Median line excentric towards the ends
and somewhat flexuose, bordered on each side by a longitudinal line. Terminal fissures large,
hook-shaped. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area large, orbicular. Striz strongly radiate
in the middle and convergent at the ends, 10 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a narrow depression. —
Nav. Trev. Donk. M. J. I (N. S.) p. 8 Pl. If. 2. Br. D. p. 66 Pl. Xf. 6. V. H. Syn. p. 74
Suppl. A f. 5, 6. Pinn. T. Rabh. E. A. p. 210.

Marine: North Sea (Coasts of Sweden, England, Scotland, Belgium)! Florida (Pensacola)! Japan!

Var. angusta Cu. — V. linear. L. 0,1 to 0,16; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01
mm. — Nav. Trev. var. hungarica Pant. III Pl. XLIT f. 575 (1893)?

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Galapagos Islands! Bermudas (Rae Coll.)!

Stauroneis Brébissonii Caster. (Chall. Voy. p. 24 Pl. XV f. 4) appears to be akin to P. T’re-
velyana.

82. P. groenlandica Cx. (1881). — V. lanceolate, with rounded ends. L. 0,117; B. 0,023
mm. Median line central, angularly bent towards the central nodule. Terminal fissures hook-
shaped. Axial area narrow, linear; central area large, orbicular. Striz strongly radiate in the
middle, convergent towards the ends, 6 to 7,5 in 0,01 mm., crossed by a narrow lateral area. —
Nav. groenl. Cu. N. R. D. p. 7 PL I f. 18.

Marine: Davis Strait!

83. P. rectangulata Gree. (1857). — V. linear, frequently slightly gibbous in the middle
and at the ends. L. 0,065 to 0,1; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Median line central, with strong, hook-
shaped terminal fissures. Axial area indistinct; central area large, rounded-quadrate. Strize
strongly radiate in the middle, convergent at the ends, 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm. — Naw. rect. Grue.
D. of Clyde p. 479 Pl. IX f. 7. Donk. B. D. p. 66 Pl. X f. 5. V. H. Syn. p. 74 Suppl. A f. 7.
Nav. Regula Grun. in Cl. D. West Ind. p. 5 Pl. I f. 3. Nav. lumen Puraa. Villefr. p. 45 Pl. II
f. 19. Pinnul. rect. Rasy. E. A. p. 215.

Marine: North Sea (Coasts of Sweden, Scotland, England, Belgium)! Mediterranean (Perag.),
Labuan! West Indies! Campeachy Bay (Grun.).

Forma subundulata Grun. (1882). — V. with slightly undulate margins. — Cu. M. D. N:o 301.

Marine: Firth of Tay!

84. P. Stauntonii Gruvy. (1882).'— V. asymmetrical, linear, convex, slightly gibbous in the
middle, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,053; B. 0,01 mm. Median line excentric, with hook-shaped

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. w:o 3. 99

terminal fissures. Axial area indistinct; central area a broad fascia, widened towards the margins.
Strie strongly radiate in the middle, convergent at the ends, 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Zonal view of
the frustule rectangular with strongly divergent strie. — Alloioneis Stauntonii Grun. Cl..M. D.
304. Foss. D. Ost. Ung. p. 142 Pl. XXX f. 36. Amphora naviculacea Donk. M. J. 1861 p. 11
PL tt. 1g?

Marine, estuaries: Scotland!

Amphora Eup. (1840).

The first known species of Amphora is A. ovalis, described as Navicula Amphora by EuREN-
BERG 1831. The genus Amphora was established by the same author 1840 (Ber. p. 11). In the
»Bacillarien» Ktrzine 1844 described 18 species only, but this number was greatly increased by
Gregory (Diat. of Clyde 1857), who named 32 new species and first made the distinction between
forms with complex and not complex connecting zone. Several other authors have since added
new species and in the year 1873 Professor H. L. Suir published (Lens p. 65) a synopsis of all
the known forms. By the issue of the plates XXV to XXVIII (1875) and XXXIX, XL (1876)
of A. Scumipt’s Atlas the number of species was greatly increased. Since then new species
have been added, and in the Syloge of De Tonr (1891) the number amounts to 221.

An inspection of these species shews that it is impossible to give any diagnosis of the
genus Amphora, which is sufficient to distinguish it from Cymbella. The following seems to be
the only possible diagnosis of Cymbella and Amphora together:

Naviculoid diatoms, with both valves similar and asymmetrical along the longitudinal axis.

The distinction between Amphora and Cymbella is, so far I can see, no other than the
degree of asymmetry; the ventral and dorsal side of Cymbella being in the same plane, but in
Amphora in planes crossing each other in an angle, which is variable.

Amphora and Cymbella are only asymmetrical forms of Navicule, belonging to different
types. There are in the same species gradual passages from perfectly symmetrical to asymme-
trical amphora-like forms (as in Trachyneis aspera). In several groups of Navicula more or less
asymmetrical forms occur (for instance Pinnularia Stauntonii and others, formerly named Alloionets)
so closely connected with the symmetrical that it would be unnatural to separate them. The
asymmetrical form is not a sufficient characteristic for a natural family, but is merely a facies,
which may occur in groups of very different types and seem to depend on the method of growth,
Amphore occuring attached to algee and other objects. This genus is in short to be considered, as
well as Achnanthes and Cocconeis, as degenerated forms. To trace the origin of these forms is in
most cases difficult, as the intermediate passages are lost or unknown, but we may get some ap-
proximate knowledge of the original types by the study of the structure of the valve and by
comparing it with that of different types of Navicula.

The Cymbelle appear, to a great extent, to be asymmetrical forms of the section Navicule
lineolate, and the same may be the case with the still imperfectly known Amphora labuensis.

Amphora Clevei is no doubt nearly akin to the genus Trachyneis.

Amphora elegans Prrag. is with great probability allied to the section Navicule orthostiche.

As to the other large number of Amphore, they may be classed in forms with and with-
out longitudinal lines. Those with lines are probably asymmetrical forms of Diploneis or
allied genera. There are in some species of this section forms with a structure so closely re-
sembling that of Diploneis that the idea of their connection presents itself at once to the mind,
notwithstanding the different shape of the valves. In the large Amphora nodosa we have a form
with coarse, transverse coste, alternating with rows of ocelli, as in Diploneis Beyrichiana, D. lesi-

100 p. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

nensis and D. prisca. In others, as in Amphora egregia, we meet with transverse coste, alternating
with double rows of puncta or alveoli, exactly as in Diploneis gemmata, and many others. The
space ,between the longitudinal and median lines correspond to the furrows of Diploneis. The
ventral side of the valve, which has been more modified than the dorsal side, retains still in many
cases a longitudinal crest, although all other structure has disappeared. In some forms the longi-
tudinal line of the dorsal side fades away, and there is left of it only a blank space, as in forms
of Amphora ovalis; in others no trace of it is perceptible, although other characteristics remain
marking the affinity with forms which possess distinct longitudinal lines. The forms with longi-
tudinal lines on the dorsal side may be classed in two groups, viz. with complex, and not complex,
connecting zone. I propose for the former the name Diplamphora, founded on their supposed re-
lation to Diploneis, and for the latter I reserve the name Amphora, sensu strictiori.

There is another group of forms, which have a longitudinal crest not on the dorsal, but on
the ventral side. These forms, which I include in the group Calamphora, are of doubful rela-
tionship.

Akin to Calamphora is a group of forms with a row of coste on the ventral side but
without the longitudinal crest. All of these, known at present, are fossil, and I propose for them
the name Archiamphora.

A large group of Amphora is of the type of A. coffeiformis or A. salina. They are
without longitudinal lines, but have a complex zone, protracted, and frequently, capitate ends.
Their striz are more or less distinctly punctate. I include these forms in the group Halamphora,
but am unable to trace their connection with any of the divisions of Navicula.

Another group of Amphora, characterized by a complex zone, absence of longitudinal lines,
and distinctly punctate strie, constitutes the the group Oxyamphora. There can scarcely be any
doubt that this group of forms, many of which have a stauros, is akin to the Microstigmatice
among the Navicule, particularly the subdivision Stauronets.

The same may be the case with the two groups Amblyamphora and Psammamphora, both
characterized by the direction of the median line, absence of longitudinal lines, by their finely
punctate strie, but differing in the simple or complex nature of the zone.

As Cymbamphora I regard forms, which have great resemblance to Cymbelle, but not di-
stinctly punctate strie. The zone is simple, not complex. I am unable to trace their connection
with other groups of naviculoid diatoms.

There remain some forms, which I cannot comprise under groups above named, and which
I treat of in an appendix.

If the above named large groups of Amphore were admitted as distinct genera, which I
believe they ought to be, the synonymy would be still more intricate than it is at present. I
propose for this reason, that the species of the different groups should retain their generic name
Amphora, which in all cases signifies that they are asymmetrical Navicule. This will also afford
an opportunity of testing my views, which are entirely new, before admitting the proposed
new genera.

In many Amphore, belonging to different groups, a peculiar, structureless, very hyaline
limbus occurs, which seems to be a flat plate projecting from the dorsal side of the valve. I am
in doubt how to regard this peculiar organ, which perhaps may correspond to the wing in the
genus T'ropidoneis. As specimens of the same species are found with and without this limbus, it
seems not to be of great importance for the distinction of species.

Subgenus Amphora Ct.

Frustules in outline usually elliptical, with truncate ends. Connecting zone broader on the
dorsal than on the ventral part, without longitudinal divisions and not transversely striate or
costate. Valve asymmetrical, more or less lunate. Median line biarcuate. Dorsal part of the

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wo 3. 101

valve in. some species with a keel at a longer or shorter distance from the median line, in some
with a more or less distinct, blank, narrow band across the striz, in some without any keel or
longitudinal band. Structure: usually rows of coarse puncta or strong,
transverse costz crossed by longitudinal coste, producing a network of
more or less regular quadrate alveoli. Ventral part of the valve without
a keel, but in some cases with a narrow blank band across the striz,
rarely without strie, frequently with short, radiate strie.

The living cell is known in few forms only. A. ovalis, contains a
single chromatophore-plate along the ventral side of the zone and the
inside of the valves. At the end of the ventral side it has a broad and
deep sinus. It has also a narrow and deep sinus from the margin to- 4 p,oteve with cell-contents
wards the central nodule. Central plasma-mass and nucleus distinct (ventral and dorsal side) 600

(Prirzer Bau and Entw. p. 82 Pl. IV f. 8, 9). A. Proteus has also a tapes aneemined,
single chromatophore-plate along the ventral side of the zone and extending along the valves
towards the dorsal side. — On conjugating, two frustules form two auxospores, the longitudinal axis

of which crosses the longitudinal axis of the mothercells (Carter, Ann. a. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser.
XVII 1856 p. 2 Pl. I f. 13 to 20. Borscow Siissw. Bac. p. 111 Pl. 13 f. 2 a to g 1878).

Artificial key.

Very small forms. L. 0,006 to 0,01 mm. : : .. A. perpusilla Gru.
Lb, Heneih 0,02 to 004 mm... .....,0.0. ‘ So We iAteteeee Gh Gade 225
more than 0,04 mm... 2. 7. ee) ge

Ventral side not striate .. . & Se coe as .. . . A. behringensis Cu.
— striate ..... be. pl) de Shy cee ae 3 weed ks 4 Be
Central area distinct. ...... 2... eee uae ....A. ovalis var. Pediculus.

_ fons — indistinct . Bo Oe oo we | RU cae Bae ee ae A. Pusio Ct.
Frustule rather rectangular. ........ F , Mek 4S vee oS 5.
a — elliptical ........ caer — ra
Ventral side striate in its whole length... 1... 1... ee eee ee 6.
ee — attheendsonly............ : . Az Weinetix JAN.
Longitudinal line distinct .. .....-.. é Be es A. javanica A. 8.
4 == findistinet: 2 6 6 6 ee Rf ee ... A. arenicola Grun.
Bonsall side longitudinally angularly bent .. 2.00 7 1 eee te eee d. dubia A. 8.
ed — not — _— — 2 oe ee Se ae ee ee 8.
Median line on an elevated keel ......... : : A. Schmidtii Gron.
2 eel — not very elevated .... «1. eee. ucae “se ee Oh
ee line on the dorsa] side distinct ... ... ge hed fi: See ve, AO?
= = = — — not—.... . : ara? Bah. He ai OS
10. jsnia (or coste) 4 in 0jo1 mm... . Ken i eC EE .... . A. nodosa Br.
= 6 tot SS ee we ee ee Ge Wiles <s ee a 1
Central area large Bote Se Re ae eee a Gk Gre ide cha: wh LA. Oculus A. 8.
owe — indistinct. ....... cd a ee ee tee Bi ae, . laa ances SAP)
Ventral side throughout striate . . 5 , A. mexicana A. 8.
pe — striate along the median line ant an the shale ee . A. gigantea GRun.
Strie 6 to 7 in Oot mm 2.) ee ee es ie
a gh sea RW ex 2 mie ii REDS
Ventral side striate ..... Ae at & varaene . . A. robusta Gree.
a ae -—not— ... mM, thes Cth che we 8 A. valida PER.
Ventral side striate 2... 6 6 ee 16.
Su SG re Be Re th he Ca OS SEE ee BS Besar A. Ovum Cu.
Marine species. ...... pee Salis. . ah lee fsa tk wohl Abe Gay aap i ds Gata ya LG
1 water — .. a BAe A. ovalis Kirz.
Strie on the ventral sii ‘Gianed fy a ftavk ting ‘ ; . ad. Proteus GREG.
ee _— — nt— —~ — — dA. marina V. H. (A. Proteus v. contigua).

102 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

1. A. behringensis CL. N. Sp. — Frustule elliptical, with truncate ends. L. 0,028; B. 0,014
mm. V. lunate, acute. L. 0,028; B. 0,006 mm. Median line nearly straight. Axial area of the
dorsal side broad. Ventral side not striate, very narrow. Dorsal strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. not
crossed by a longitudinal line. — Pl. ILI f. 34, 35.

Marine: Behring Island!

This small species seems to connect this group with the Cymbamphora.

2. A. Ovum Cz. N. Sp. — Frustule broadly elliptical, very convex. L. 0,04; B. 0,025 mm.
Median line nearly straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area on the dorsal side
not distinct. Striew on the dorsal side 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. composed of obscure granules and
not crossed by a longitudinal line. Ventral side narrow, structureless. — A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 40
(without name). Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 12.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Java (Atl.).

3. A. dubia (Gree. 1857?) A. 8. (1875). — Frustule in outline elliptical. L. 0,04 to 0,08;
B. 0,016 to 0,o2 mm. Zone very narrow. V. angularly bent along a line combining the ends, so
that it, if seem from the end, appears composed of two lamin in an angle of about 60°. Outline
of the valve lunate, with arcuate exterior, straight interior margins and acute ends. Median line
straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area moderately broad on the dorsal side of
the median line. Ventral part of the valve linear, narrow, without strie and longitudinal line.
Dorsal side strongly transversely striate, especially on the exterior part. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm.
coarsely punctate; puncta 12 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Clyde p. 514 Pl. XII1f. 76? A.S. Atl. XXVII
f. 20 to 26. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 5, 6.

Marine: Coasts of Norway! Balearic Islands! Barcelona! Adriatic! Campeachy Bay (Atl.),
Singapore (Atl.), Java!

A. dubia of Gregory seems to be some species of Amphora in the state of division, scarcely
the very characteric and isolated species, figured in Atlas. The form of the valve is generally
dificult to make out, but I succeded with the aid of slides, mounted, by Mr Tuum in which the
valves were placed on their extremities. They presented themselves like segments of an orange.
There is no species akin to A. dubia.

4. A. valida Psrac. (1888). — Frustule broadly elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,07 to
0,08 mm. Valve broadly lunate. Median line approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area on
the dorsal side indistinct. Ventral side not striate. Dorsal side with 5 to 6 coarsely punctate
strie in 0,01 mm. —- D. Villef. p. 40 Pl. III f. 25.

Marine: Villefranche, Medit. (Perag.).

This species, unknown to me, has the form of A. Ovum but is much larger.

re

5. A. Weinekii Jay. (1876). — Frustule rectangular, with parallel margins. L. 0,06;
B. 0,013 mm. Valve linear, with gibbous ends. Median line straight. Axial area narrow, on the
dorsal side moderately broad, with some few oblique strie at the ends. Dorsal part with about
14 strie in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. XXXTX f. 20.

Marine?

This species, which I know only from the A. 8. Atl, seems to be very characteristic and
requires a more complete examination.

6. A. Pusio Cr. — Frustule in outline broadly elliptical, with truncate ends. L. 0,025 to
0,027; B. 0,017 mm. Median line strongly biarcuate. Central nodule large. Axial and central
areas not distinct. Dorsal and ventral side with strong striz, about 14 in 0,01 mm., not inter-
rupted and not distinctly punctate. — Pl. III f. 40.

Brackish water, marine: Coast of Sweden (Cl. M. D. N:o 157); Balearic Islands! Hilo, Sand-
wich Islands (in almost fresh water).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 103

This little form scarcely belongs to A. ovalis and is remarkable for the strongly striate
dorsal and ventral sides, as well as for the absence of central area. Perhaps a small form of

the following. A. Proteus var. parvula Fiéeu, Pommerania Exp. p. 89 f. 10 may represent
this form.

7. A. marina (W. Sm. 1857?) V. H. (1880). — Frustule in outline elliptical or orbicular,
with truncate ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,025 mm. V. luneate, with subacute ends and slightly concave
ventral margin. L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Median line slightly biarcuate. Axial and
central areas not distinct on the dorsal side. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate, not inter-
rupted or crossed by a longitudinal line. Ventral side narrow, striate as the dorsal side. —
A, N, H. 1857 p. 7 PL 1g. 2? V. H. Syn. p58 PL If 16. A. 8. Atl REVIT £ 14, 17, 18.
A. pellucida Gree. D. of Clyde p. 513 Pl. XII f. 73? A. nana Fiéeut Pommerania Exp. p. 90 f. 12?

Marine: North Sea! Balearic Islands! Seychelles! China! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)!

A. marina of W. Sm. is too badly figured for identification. According to Arnott (M. J.
VI p. 206) A. marina is identical with A. Proteus of Grue., but if so the striz are incorrectly
stated as 40 in 0,001". A. pellucida Grue. is too imperfectly described and figured for admitting
of identification, but it seems to be the same as A. marina. A. marina is doubtful as a species,
probably a form of A. Proteus.

8. A. Proteus Gree. (1857). — Frustule elliptical with truncate ends, about twice as long
as broad. Valve lunate, obtuse. L. 0,04 to 0,065; B. 0,005 to 0,016 mm. Median line biarcuate.
Axial area indistinct on the dorsal side. No central area. Striz on the dorsal side 9 to 13 in
0,01 mm. not interrupted and coarsely punctate. Ventral side striate, especially towards the ends.
Striz radiate, approximate to the median line and crossed by a narrow, blank band. — D. of Clyde
p- 518 Pl. XIII f. 81. A. 8S. Atl XXVII f. 3. A. Prot. var. Kariana Grun. A. D. p. 24 Pl. I
f. 7 (1880). A. hexagonalis O. Wirr Mus. Godeffroi I p. 66 Pl. VITI f. 12? A. speciosa Castr.
Voyage Challenger p. 17 Pl. XXVII f. 1?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Cape Deschneff! North Sea! S:t
Helena! Campeachy Bay! Mediterranean Sea! Black Sea! Seychelles! China! Galapagos Islands!

Var. contigua Cu. — Striz on the ventral side not crossed by a blank, narrow band. —
A. §. Atl. XXVII f. 7 to 9. Probably also XXVIII f. 4.

Marine: North Sea! Adriatic! Labuan! New Caledonia!

Var. alata Ct. — V. L. 0,13; B. 0,032: mm. Dorsal side with a projecting hyaline limbus
in the middle. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Baltjic Dept. (Van Heurck Coll.)!

9. A. robusta Gree. (1857). — Frustule in outline broadly elliptical, with truncate ends.
L: 0,065 to 0,17; B. 0,038 to 0,12 mm. Valve lunate with arcuate dorsal: margin and straight
ventral margin. Median line strongly biarcuate. Axial and central area indistinct on the dorsal
side. Dorsal side with strong strie, 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm, not crossed by a longitudinal line,
coarsely punctate; puncta about 8 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side broad, with a more or less broad
band of coarse radiate strive along the median line. — D. of Clyde p. 516 Pl. XIII f. 79.

Marine: Spitsbergen (strie 10 in 0,01 mm.)! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Ma-
cassar Straits! Japan (fossil)! Samoa!

Var. fusca CL. — Connecting zone with a number of small, irregular puncta, giving it a
brownish colour. L. 0,12; B. 0,075 mm. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)!

Var. subplicata Cu. — Connecting zone with traces of longitudinal divisions and longitudinal
rows of puncta. L. 0,115; B. 0,045 mm. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: S:ta Monica, Cal. fossil (Deby Coll.)!

104 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

A. robusta is nearly related to A. Proteus and differs principally by the coarse striz and
larger size. A. oblonga Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 515 Pl. XIII f. 78) seems to be a form of A. robusta,
but I have never met with any perfectly similar form.

10. A, javanica A. S. (1875). — Frustule rectangular, about three times longer than broad.
L. 0,045 to 0,06; B. 0,017 to 0,o2 mm. Zone not complex. Axial area narrow, dilated on the
dorsal side around the central nodule. Keel or longitudinal line on the dorsal side very distinct.
Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. composed of elongated distant puncta. Ventral side striate, except in the
middle. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. curved, composed of some few elongated, large puncta or crossed by
an undulating narrow line. — Atl. XXVII f. 27, 30 to 33.

Marine: Java!

This form is very nearly akin to A. arenicola, of which it may be a variety.

11. A. arenicola Grun. (1882). — Frustule nearly rectangular, three times longer than
broad. L. 0,038 to 0,07; B. 0,017 to 0,o21 mm. Valve in breadth 0,01 mm., linear, with broad,
unilaterally rounded ends. Median line slightly biarcuate, distant from the ventral margin. Axial
area indistinct on the dorsal side. Central area none or orbicular. Dorsal side with 10 to 14
coarsely punctate, not interrupted, strie in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line indistinct. Ventral side
broad, with radiate, coarsely punctate strie, sometimes crossed by a narrow, blank band. — A.
marina var. arenicola Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 310. A. marina Pritcu Inf. Pl. V f. 59? A. arenie.
Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 19, 20.

Marine: Coasts of England and Belgium! China (Deby Coll.)!

Var. major Cu. — V. in L. 0,1; in B. 0,026 mm. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. composed of
large, distant puncta. — A. robusta A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 89 to 41. A. Lima Pant. IT] Pl. XXIII
f. 347 (1898).

Brackish water: Baltic!

Var. oculata Cu. — Frustule in L. 0,07; in B. 0,036 mm. Central area on the dorsal side
large, rounded. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. composed of large, distant puncta. — Pl. 1V f. 21.

Marine: Sebastopol!

Var. subequalis Cut. — Frustule linear elliptical. L. 0,075; B. 0,032 mm. Median line bi-
arcuate, very distant from the ventral margin, so that the ventral side is almost as broad as the
dorsal. Dorsal side with 10 strie in 0,01 mm., composed of large puncta, 10 in 0,01 mm. Ventral
side entirely covered with coarsely punctate strie. — Pl. IV f. 22.

Marine: China (Deby Coll.)! .

12. A. ovalis Ktrz (1833). — Frustule broadly elliptical, with truncate ends. Iu. 0,01 to
0,06; B. 0,0045 to 0,033 mm. Valve lunate with subacute ends. Median line slightly biarcuate.
Axial and central areas on the dorsal side indistinct or distinct. Dorsal side twice as broad as
the ventral. Ventral side with a row of short striae. Dorsal part with 10 to 16 striz in 0,01
mm. Striz punctate, not interrupted, or crossed by a somewhat irregular blank band.

Forma typica. Frustule in L. 0,045 to 0,06; B. 0,024 to 0,033 mm. No axial and central
area, no longitudinal band on the dorsal side. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. composed of distinct
puncta (about 9 in 0,01 mm.). — A. ovalis Kitz Syn. f. 5, 6. Bac. p. 107. V. H. Syn. p. 59
PloIf. 1. H. L. Sm. Types N:o 40.

Fresh water: Sweden! England! France! Germany! Switzerland (Brun), Baltic (Gulf of
Bothnia!) Australia, Lake Muir!

Var. gracilis Kus. (1843). — As the type, but smaller. L. 0,027; B. 0,01 mm. Striz about
12 in 0,01 mm. — A. gracilis Eup. Am. p. 122 Pl. III: 1 f. 43. A. ovalis var. gr. V. H. Syn. p. 59
Plot f 8 A, Ss. Atl: RAVI £ LOL.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Harz (Atl.).

Var. libyca Hus. (1840). — V. lunate. L. 0,055 to 0,08; B. 0,011 to 0,017 mm. Median line
slightly biarcuate. Central area distinct on the dorsal side, frequently uniting with an irregular,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%, neo 3, 105

blank band across the striz. Striz on the dorsal] side 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate;
puncta about 8 in 0,01 mm., often uniting near the central nodule. — A. libyca Eup. Ber. 1840
p- 11 (fide Kiitz). Kitz Bac. p. 107. A. affinis Kitz Bac. p. 107. A. ovalis var. affinis V. H.
Syn. p. 59 Pl. If. 2. A. ovalis A. 8. Atl. XXVI f. 102 to 111; Pl. XXVII f. 4, 5? A. abbre-
viata BuriscH Rapu. A. E. 1489 (1863). A. Szontaghii Pant. IL p. 39 Pl. VII f. 138? A. Proteus
var. A. §. Atl. XXVIII f. 1? A. Staubii Pant. 111 Pl. X f. 171 (1893)? A. verrucosa Pant. III
Pl. X f. 166 (1893)? A. svavis Pant. III Pl. XXVIII f. 416 (1898)?

Fresh or brackish water: Spitsbergen (Atl.), Greenland! East Cape! Sweden! England!
France! Belgium (V. H.), Germany (Saline Dirrenberg! Kénigsberg, foss.!) Hungary foss. (Pant.)?

Var. Pediculus Ktrz (1844). — Frustule in outline broadly elliptical. Valve lunate. L. 0,02
to 0,04; B. 0,006 to 0,oos mm. Median line slightly biarcuate. Central area distinct and central
nodule strong. Striz 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate. Ventral side striate. — Cymbella?
Pediculus Kt1z Bac. p. 80 Pl. V f. 8. A. ovalis 6 Pediculus V. H. Syn. p. 59 Pl. I f. 6. A. ovalis
y affinis f. minor (A. Pediculus major Grun.) V. H. Syn. p. 59 PLIf. 4,5. A. minutissima W. Sm.
B. D. p. 20 Pl. IT f. 30 (1853). A. borealis Scuum. P. D. I Nachr. p. 23 f. 81 (1863). A. globosa
Scuum. P. D. II Nachr. p. 55 Pl. I f. 24 (1867). A. sp. n.? A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 102. A. libyca var.
interrupta Pant. II p. 37 Pl. Il f. 28.

Fresh or slightly brackish water, usually attached to larger diatoms, as Nitzschia sigmoidea,
or on alge: Sweden! Finland! England! Belgium! Germany! India (Atl.), New Zealand! Tasmania!
Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Although these varieties are at first sight very dissimilar to each others, they are so inti-
mately connected by intermediate forms that I am entirely of the opinion of Grunow and Van
Hevrck that they should be united.

13. A. perpusilla Grun. (1880). — Frustule in outline nearly orbicular. L. 0,006 to 0,01;
B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Valve lunate, with arcuate dorsal, and straight ventral, margin. Central
nodule strong. Dorsal strie 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. almost transverse. Central area usually not
distinct. Ventral side without strie. — A. (globulosa var.) perpusilla Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. If. 11.
A. perp. V. H. Types N:o 4. A. ovalis var. 6 Pediculus forma minor and exits V. H. Syn. p. 59
Pl. If. 8, 9,10. A. Pediculus A. 8, Atl. XXXVI f. 99. Cu. M. D. 126, 187. A. globulosa Scuum.
Preuss. D. II Nachr. p. 55 Pl. I f. 25. A. 8S. Atl XXVI f. 100.

Fresh water, moist earth etc.: Sweden (Upsala, Dalsland!) Prussia (Schum.), Belgium (V. H.),
England, Swansea! France, Meudon! Hungary, Plattensee (Atl.).

14. A. mexicana A. S. (1875). — V. lunate with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral mar-
gin. L. 0,15 to 0,20; B. 0,035 mm. Median-line more or less biarcuate. Axial area not distinct;
central area small and rounded on the dorsal side. Dorsal side with a longitudinal line more or
less approximate to the median line. Striz 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 6 to 7
jn 0,01 mm. Ventral side entirely covered with somewhat radiate strie. — A. 8S. Atl. XX VII
f. 47 to 48. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 15. A. boryana Pant. III Pl. XXXVIITI f. 531 (1893).

Marine: Morocco! Gulf of Naples! Sumatra (Deby Coll.!), China! Galapagos Islands! Gulf
of Mexico (Atl.).

Var. fusca Cu. — Zone with small irregular puncta giving it a brownish colour. L. 0,14;
B. 0,075 mm. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

I am not quite sure about the identification, as the fig. in Atl. shews a more distant
longitudinal line than in my specimens. A. lima A. S. Atl. Probetof. f. 14, which is unknown to
me, seems to be allied to A. meaxicana.

15. A. gigantea Grun. (1875). — Frustule broadly elliptical with truncate ends. V. lunate,
with straight ventral margin. L. 0,09 to 0,17; B. 0,025 to 0,035. Median line strongly biarcuate.
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. Ni:o 3. 14

106 P. 'T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

No axial nor central area on the dorsal side. Longitudinal line closely approximate to the median
line. Dorsal strie 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 7 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side with
a row of short striz along the median line and towards the ends of the valve. Ventral strie
frequently crossed by a longitudinal line. — A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 46. A. gigantea var. andesitica
Pant. II p. 36; III Pl. XVII f. 243.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Java! Japan! Sin Pedro Calif., fossil (Kinker), Campeachy Bay!
Pensacola! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Hungary, Bory fossil (Pant.)?

Var. obscura Cu. — V. in L. 0,10 to 0,20, in B. 0,015 to 0,o4 mm. Striz on the dorsal
side 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm.; puncta coarse, about 5 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal undulating lines.
Ventral side with a row of short, radiate striw along the whole median line. — A. S. Atl. Pl.
XXVIII f. 20 (without name). Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 28, 29.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Sumatra
(Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Forma minor. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. L. 0,11 mm. — A. S. Atl. XL f. 28, 29.

Marine: S:t Peter, Hungary (fossil)! Leton Bank (Atl).

Var. fusca A. 8. (1875). — V. in I. 0,07 to 0,12 mm. Dorsal striz 10 in 0,01 mm. coarsely
punctate; puncta 8 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line somewhat obscure. Ventral part broad, struc-
tureless, except at the ends, where are short sets of oblique, granulate strie. Zone with irregu-
lar small puncta, giving it a brownish colour. — A. fusca A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 68.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Red Sea (Van Heurck Coll.)! Java! Labuan! Macassar Straits!
Gulf of Mexico (Atl.), Bahia! Galapagos Islands!

16. A. nodosa Brun. (1891). — V. with strongly arcuate dorsal margin, straight ventral
margin and broad, rounded ends. L. 0,12 to 0,15; B. 0,o42 mm. Median line slightly biarcuate.
Dorsal side without axial and central areas, divided into two parts by a longitudinal line (or
crest), of which the interior bears short rows of large puncta, and the exterior strong coste (4 in
0,o1 mm.) alternating with rows of large ocelli (4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.), which form longitudinal,
slightly undulating lines. Ventral side of the valve narrow, with short and strong coste. —
D. espéces nouv. p. 9 Pl. XII f. 2.

Marine: Nossibé (Brun Coll.)! Japan (Brun), Samoa! Macassar Straits!

One of the largest and stoutest forms of Amphora. The strong central nodule, the crest
enclosing, on the dorsal side of the valve, a furrow, recal Diploneis, as does also the structure of
transverse coste, alternating with ocelli.

17. A. Oeulus A. S. (1875). — V. lunate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,07 to 0,15; 0,02 to 0,04
mm. Median line approximate to the ventral margin, straight or slightly biarcuate. Axial area
indistinct; central area large, rounded. Longitudinal line at a considerable distance from the
median line. Striz on the dorsal side 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate; puncta about 8 in
0,01 mm. Ventral side narrow, with coarse striz in its whole length. — Atl. XXVII f. 52. A.
Oc. var. fossilis Pant. I p. 22 Pl. XIV f.127. A. Wachenhusenit Janiscn A. S. Atl. XL f. 38 (1876).

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby, Brun Coll.)! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Sumbava (Kinker
Coll.)! China (Deby Coll.)! Japan (Atl.), Campeachy Bay (AtL).

Var. Farcimen A. §S. (1875). — L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,019 mm. Central area less distinct.
Strie 11 in 0,01 mm.; puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. — A. Fare. A. 8. Atl. XXVII f. 56, 57.

Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Samoa (Atl.), Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

18. A. Schmidtii Grun. (1875). — Frustule in outline elliptical with truncate ends.
L. 0,09; B. 0,04 mm. Median line elevated to a biarcuate keel. Dorsal side with coarsely punctate
striz, 9 in 0,01 mm. reaching to the median line. Ventral side also with coarsely punctate strie.
Zone with two or more longitudinal rows of large puncta. — A. 8S. Atl. XXVIII f. 2.

Marine: China! Samoa (Atl), Bahia, Rio Janeiro, Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 20.) wio 3. 107

Forma major. — Frustule in L. 0,133; B. 0,o6 mm. Striz 7 in 0,01 mm. -- A. Sch.
A. 8. Atl. XXVIII f. 3.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

Forma mimor. — Frustule in L. 0,07; B. 0,025 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Pensacola! Labuan!

Var. alata Cu. — As the type, but with a hyaline limbus projecting from the dorsal side
L. 0,055; B. 0,035 to 0,045 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: China! Japan (Brun Coll.)! Barbados! Florida!

Var. Schleinitzii Jan. (1876). — Frustule in L. 0,12 to 0,15, in B. 0,066 mm. Zone without
puncta. Dorsal side with a hyaline limbus. The strie 8 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta
7 in 001 mm. — A. Schleinitzii A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 9, 10.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! Samoa (Atl.).

I am unable to find any specific difference between A. Schmidtii and A. Schleinitzii. The
structure of the connecting zone is variable. In some specimens I have seen, besides the longitu-
dinal rows of large pearls, very fine scattered puncta, giving it a brownish colour. The absence
or presence of a limbus seems also not be of any specific value.

A. Schmidtii is a form of a peculiar type, remarkable for the elevation of the valve to a
keel bearing on its summit the median line as in Avwricula.

Subgenus Diplamphora Ct.

Frustule in outline usually elliptical, or rectangular, with rounded, truncate, or rostrate ends,
sometimes indented in the middle. Zone with more or less numerous longitudinal divisions, more
or less coarsely, transversely, costate or striate. Valve linear to semilanceolate, with obtuse or
protracted ends; its dorsal.side with one (or two) longitudinal lines. Structure: transverse cost
or rows of puncta. Ventral side structureless, punctate, or costate, with or without longi-
tudinal line.

This group comprises a number of species, very different in appearance, but agreeing in the
complex connecting zone and the longitudinal line on the dorsal side. They are nearest akin to
Amphora, »sensu stricto», but differ in the complex zone. Whether this characteristic be of
such importance that the two groups are to be regarded as distinct genera, I cannot at present
state with certainty. There are among the Amphore some forms with tendency to a complex
zone, for instance A. robusta var. subplicata and A. Schmidtii. In all cases Amphora and Dipl-
umphora are to be considered as allied groups, having in common a more or less distinct longi-
tudinal line or keel on the dorsal, and frequently also on the ventral, side of the valve. This
characteristic as well as the structure of the valve point to a relation to the genus Diplonezs,
although no intermediate forms have hitherto been discovered.

The species of this subgenus are very variable in size and form, and the valves in many
cases present very different appearances according to the position, in which they lie. These cir-
cumstances make the distinction of species and the construction of an artificial key extreme-
ly difficult. All forms of this group are marine and occur in all seas, but in the greatest
variety in the tropical. Many of them are found in a fossil state in Hungary, Japan and New-
Zealand.

Artificial key.

1 pas indented in the middle 2.

. - not — — — 9.

j Central nodule stauroid ‘ 3.

an) ee — not — ea eh 7.
3 j Axial area broad 3 ely : A. exsecta GRUN.

“\ — — narrow or indistinct. . ‘ ‘ ‘ ee

108 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

x eae of the valve broad and incurved . ; wis le Se ‘ . ad. vetusta Cu.
— not — — : , : oo Bs
5. ye Aistiss on the dorsal and weitere side. Meare 3 A. cuneata Cu.
not — — — —_ _— eR ee 6.
6. ie 0,04 to 0,047 mm. i 2. Re ; A. granulifera Cu.
L. 0,1 to 0,113 mm. ie ere A. Weissflogit A. S.
7. oe of the valve reflexed . . . bom 0 _ A. Janischii A. 8.
— not— .. ; ; F wel 8:
8. ee crossed by broad lateral areas . ‘ A. margaritifera Cu.
— not — _— — — : A. alata Pur.
9. oo of the valve broad, obtuse, or incurved 10.
— not—~—~ — | 20.
10. | sratare: quadrate alveoli in Jongitudinal and transverse rows rs besidlaie GROVE a. STURT.
transverse coste or rows of puncta... & oe LE
11. Ventral side of the valve without puncta or coste .. . : 12.
ie — — with — —_— Es fe ened j ; Ree 13.
19. et 23 t 3 to 3 in 0,01 mm. _ A. Pecten Broun.
10 in 0,01 mm. bh es A. dnarneie Cu. (A. crassa var., A. egregia var.)
13. ee side with two longitudinal rows of puncta . oo 14.
—- with punctate or costate strie sof i 15.
14, ae side with one longitudinal line 2. 2 . . A. Griindlert Grun.
— several — lines A. prismatica Cu.
1b. ee side punctate . 16.
— costate ome : dat 18.
16. oe of Paves on the ventral sitis crossed by a blank band fae, 17.
_ —- —not — — — 4 A. crassa GREG.
17. eens strie of large, distant puncta .. . : A. comorensis Cu.
— apparently smooth ; ate on ways A. ornata Levup. Forrm.
18. (ae ee : ey eS oa eS ie ch ten eo te we ND
Rin -— — gles teat IRs . A. decipiens Cu.
19. oe Coste alternating with doatte: rows of nets od Se Ss . . A. egregia Ens.
not — - = — _ var A. inelegans Cu. a. GROVE.
Dorsal side with two longitudinal lines ore , tye 21.
20.
aie — one _ line : : n8 ie 22
91. f Axial are area indistinct. .... . boas Bs . . A. areolata Grun.
== odistinette a5 Re ewe ee . A, Leudugeriana Pr.
99. ‘ij eas line approximate to the median line . . -. 4 . A, diaphana Cu.
— distant from — - -— sets 23.
93. eames between the median and longitudinal lines cgddvates dilated: in Tht middle . 24.
_— _— _ _ not — _ _— — ote ce a 228:
Central area structureless .. . ..... ‘ : ns 25.
24. \~ — with scattered witnek eae : weg See le “gubgauselete Grove a. Sturt.
— faint strie.... Pat .. . <A, dbioculata Cu.
25, | Dorel ma margin arcuate... . . te 2 A. gemmifera Perit.
sinuose. ww en , A, Sturtit Gron.
26. Central nodule dilated to a stauros . at see ewe.) AL capensis A. 8.
oe -— notstauroid. .........0, ER ce bact eset aw. Bs
97. oes of the valve protracted age ateyan atte maw b-des addabearas he. Sk 28.
— not —~ .. beds Ge Ge. eed Sa eel ree Tat ag gt ole . 29.
98. Veen reaching to the longitudinal Tine te Pa alae fe oe ag F . . A. proboscidea Cu.
across _ = Kg Bio ae Bae ate . A. Grevilleana Gree.
99, ee 19 to 20 in 0,01 mm. ok Rae Bo ub ih en . «al. truncata Cu.
11 to14 — So bh ide 0 « BAAS. inna AIRS : : 30.
30 ee 0,05 to 0,06 mm. , eA a4 a 4 A. suleata Cu.
~ Nee Ot to OAs mms; hoe a a ea Oe Se F : A. Graeffii Cu.

1. <A. decipiens Cu. N. Sp. — Frustule nearly eedianedlats about 3 times as long as broad.
L. 0,055; B. 0,o2 mm. Zone with distant rows (6 in 0,01 mm.) of puncta (about 11 in 0,01 mm.).
V. gibbous in the middle of the ventral margin. L. 0,035 to 0,06; B. 0,02 mm. Ends obtuse.
Axial area distinct on the dorsal and ventral side, somewhat dilated in the middle. Crest or

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. w:0 3, 109

longitudinal line distinct on the dorsal side, at some distance from the median line. Ventral side
striate. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. Strie crossed by an obsolate longitudinal
band, — El. IV £. 16, 1%, 18. .

Marine: Labuan! ‘

This species resembles A. javanica, from which it differs by the scarcely punctate striz and
the complex zone.

2. A. crassa Gree. (1857). — Frustule linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,05 to
0,1; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Zone with about 3 divisions in 0,01 mm. transversely costate; coste# 5
in 0,01 mm. V. linear with obliquely rounded, or subcapitate and incurved, ends. L. 0,045 to 0,09;
B. 0,008 to 0,o2 mm. Median line biarcuate. Axial and central areas indistinct on the dorsal side.
Strie 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. punctate, crossed on the dorsal side by a longitudinal line. Ventral side
with somewhat radiate rows of puncta. — T. M. S. V. p. 72 Pl. If. 35. D. of Clyde p. 524
Pl. XIV f. 94. Fuéeen Pommerania Exp. p. 90 f. 11. A. erassa var. A. S. Atl. XXXIX f. 30.
A. crassa var. punctata A. 8. Atl. XXVIII f. 30 to 33. Pant. I p. 21 Pl. VI f. 46. A. biseriata
Grec. T. M.S. V p. 71 Pl. I f. 32 (1857)? 4. sulecata Roper M. J. VI p. 24 Pl. III f. 7 (1858).
A. thaitiana Castr. Voyage Challenger D. p. 19 Pl. XXVII f. 15 (1886)?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! North Sea! Mediterranean! Adriatic! Sumatra! China!
Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. elongata Cu. — V. in L. 0,15 to 0,19; B. 0,02 to 0,022 mm. Rows of puncta 4 to 5
in 0,01 mm.; puncta about 8 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits!

Var. campechiana Grun. (1875). — V. in L. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,02 mm. Dorsal strize 7 to
11 in 0,01 mm. punctate. Longitudinal line distinct. Ventral side with rows of puncta, more
distant than on the dorsal striw. — A. 8. Atl. XXVIII f. 16.

Marine: Macassar Straits! Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Pensacola!

Var. interlineata Grove and Srurr (1887). — V. in L. 0,09 to 0,17; B. 0,015 to 0,017 mm-
Dorsal strie 9 in 0.01 mm. punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,o1 mm. Longitudinal line distinct.
Ventral side with a row of marginal short striz or puncta. Zone with about 5 divisions in 0,01
mm. transversely striate; strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — A. interlineata Grove and Sturt Quek. M. C.
d. @) TL pe 18) PLL 2.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Var. sélswigiensis Prtit (1888) p. p. — V. in L. 0,13; B. 0,019 mm. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm.
coarsely punctate. Ventral side with a marginal row of small puncta. — A.S. Atl. XXVIII f. 17.
Petit D. de Cap Horn p. 120 Pl. X f. 15.

Marine: North Sea (Atl).

This form is nearly akin to the var. interlineata. Pxtit quotes as A. sélswigiensis the fig.
17 and 18 in Atl. Pl. XXVIII, which represent distinct forms, if not species. Prtits own figure
(D. de Cap Horn Pl. X f. 15) is too indistinct for deciding what form the author denotes.

Var. modesta Cu. —-V. in L. 0,065; B. 0,o2 mm. Dorsal side with 6 rows of coarse puncta
in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line distinct. Ventral side with a row of marginal strie. — A. 3.
Atl. XXVIII f. 23?

Marine: Tamatave (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. euprepes Pant. (1886). —- V. in L. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,018 mm. Dorsal side with 5 to 8
rows of distant puncta reaching to the median line, where the puncta become strong. Longitudinal
line indistinct. Ventral side striate at the ends. — Pant. I p. 21 Pl. XIV f. 128.

Marine: Morocco (strie 8 in 0,01 mm.); Hungary, fossil (striz 5 in 0,01 mm. Pant).

Var. degenerata Cu. — L. 0,05 to 0.07; B. 0,009 mm. Dorsal striz coarse, punctate, 7 to 8
in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line distinct. Ventral side smooth.

Marine: China! Galapagos Islands!

110 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. seychellensis Cu. — V. in L. 0,036; B. 0,01 mm. with capitate, incurved ends. Dorsal
side with 15 punctate strie in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line distinct, approximate to the median
line. Ventral side smooth.

Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Var. minor Pant. (1889). — L. of V. 0,051; B. 0,oo9 mm. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm. Ventral
side with rows of distant puncta. — Panv. II p. 36 Pl. III f. 51.

Marine: Fossil, Hungary (Pant.).

Var. spuria CL. — V. in L. 0,065 to 0,1 mm.; B. 0,013 to 0,017 mm. Striz 6 to 7 in 0,01
mm. not distinctly punctate outside the longitudinal line, coarsely punctate inside the longitu-
dinal line. Ventral side with longer or shorter strie. —- A. S. Atl. XXVIII f. 21?

Marine: Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits! Samoa! Magellan’s Strait! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

3. A. Pecten Brun (1891). — Frustule rectangular, twice as long as broad, with somewhat
convex margins and truncate ends. Connecting zone with numerous divisions, 2 in 0,01 mm.,
crossed by smooth, transverse coste, about 2,5 in 0,01 mm. V. linear with inflated and incurved,
acuminate ends. L. 0,16 to 0,22; B. 0,03 mm. Dorsal side with strong, transverse coste, 2,3 to
3 in 0,01 mm. Spaces between the coste smooth. Median line biarcuate. Longitudinal line
approximate to the median line. Furrow between both lines with a row of large ocelli. Ventral
side broad, smooth and with a strong longitudinal line. — D. espéces nouvelles p. 9 Pl. XII f. 4.
Cu. a. Grove Diatomiste I p. 157 Pl. XXII f. 5 to 7. A. prevalida Janiscu Gazelle Exp.
Pl. XX f. 21. A. alveolata Leup. Forrm. D. de Ceylon p. 19 Pl. I f. 8? A. scalaris Caste. Voyage
Challenger D. p. 18 Pl. XXVITI f. 19?

Marine: Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Madagascar (Kinker and Van Heurck Coll.)!
Nossi Bé (Brun Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Fossil: Oamaru, N. Zeal. (Grove Coll.)!
Sn Pedro Calif. (Kinker Coll.)!

Var. Argus Cu. — L. of the V. 0,13 to 0,17; B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Coste of the dorsal
side 4 in 0,01 mm. alternating with a few ocelli, arranged in longitudinal rows. Ventral side
with a strong keel.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck, Brun, Kinker Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

4. <A. inornata CL. N. Sp. — Frustule elliptical. L. 0,056; B. 0,023 mm. Divisions of the
zone broad, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm. Valve linear, with obtuse ends curved in-
wards. L. 0,065 to 0,166; B. 0,01 to 0,o2 mm. Median line almost straight. Longitudinal line
rather near the median line. No areas on the dorsal side. Dorsal strie 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm.
smooth. Ventral side structureless. — Pl. IV f. 85, 36. 37, 38.

Marine: Java! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

5. <A. egregia (Eup. 1861?) A. 8. (1875). — Frustule rectangular with rounded ends, about
2 or 3 times longer than broad. Zone with 2 to 4 divisions in 0,01 mm.; its transverse costes 5
to 6 in 0,01 mm. V. linear with broad, obtuse ends curved inwards. L. 0,06 to 0,17; B. 0,014 to
0,03 mm. Dorsal side without axial area. Coste 4 to 6 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double
rows of small puncta, about 18 in 0,01 mm., and crossed by a distinct longitudinal line. Ventral
side usually with a row of strong, costate striw, on larger specimens frequently also with a
number of minute, irregular puncta. No longitudinal line on the ventral side. —- Ber. 1861 p. 294
fide Chase? A. 8. Atl. XXVIII f. 13, 14. aA. sp. Atl. XXVIII f. 12, 18. 4. crassa var. Atl.
XXXIX f. 81. A. sp. Atl. KXXIX f. 27. A. exornata Jay. A. S. Atl. XXXIX f. 26. A. bi-
striata Leup. Forrm. D. de Ceylon p. 20 Pl. I f. 12 (1879). A. egregia var. neogradensis Pant. IL
p. 38 Pl. IV f. 64 (1889). A. zebrata Temp. and Brun D. f. du Japon p. 16 Pl. VII f. 14 (1889).

Marine: Morocco! Mediterranean Sea! Ceylon! Seychelles! Nossibé! Singapore! Java! Sum-
bava! Macassar Straits! China! Samoa (Atl.), Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay! West Indies!
Fossil: Hungary (Pant.), Oamaru, New Zealand!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 111

This species is very variable and comprises a number of forms, which however are so closely
connected, that I am unable, after comparison of a large number of sketches, to group them in
separate species or varieties. Besides, the form, and appearance of the valve, especially of the
ends, changes much according to its position. The ventral side, which in larger specimens has a
row of short costate strize, has in some forms a few strie at the ends only and in others none at
all. The double rows of puncta alternating with the coste are in some specimens not distinct.
Smaller forms are closely connected with A. crassa var. spuria.

6. A. tesselata Grove and Sturt (1887). — V. linear, with inwards curved, obtuse ends.
L. 0,10; B. 0,015 mm. Median line biarcuate. Dorsal side with strong, smooth transverse costz,
5,5 in 0,o1 mm. crossed by longitudinal coste, about 7 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side with coarse,
costate strie. — Q. M. Cl. III (2) p. 131 Pl. X f. 1.

Marine: Oamaru, N. Zealand, fossil!

This peculiar form seems to me certainly to belong to the group of A. crassa, but differs
from all other forms by its peculiar structure. The dorsal side of the valve seems to be covered
with quadrate alveoli, disposed in transverse and longitudinal rows. The specimens I have seen were
mounted in a position, not favourable for examination of the ventral side. Still I succedeed by
means of very oblique light in seeing on the ventral side, a row of strong, costate strie and on
the dorsal side not far from the median line a longitudinal line, the space between the lines being
crossed by transverse costate striz.

7. A. inelegans Ci. and Grove (1891). — V. sublunate, with incurved, obtuse ends. L. 0,09;
B. 0,03 mm. Median line biarcuate. Axial and central areas indistinct on the dorsal and ventral
side. Dorsal side with 7 costate strie in 0,01 mm. crossed by a narrow, blank longitudinal line.
Ventral side without central area and with strong, costate stria, divergent, between the central
nodule and the ends, towards the median line. — Diatomiste I p. 68 Pl. X f. 15.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

Var.? polita Cu. -- V. stout, elongated, with broad, obtuse and incurved ends. L. 0,06;
B. 0,015 mm. Median line biarcuate. Dorsal side with strong, smooth, costate striw, 6 in 0,01
mm., reaching to the median line and crossed by a narrow, blank line. Ventral side with rounded
central area and strong, costate strie, crossed by a narrow, blank line. — Pl. IV f. 40.

Marine: Java!

This form is very dissimilar to the type, but it is difficult to find any specifically distinct
characteristic.

8. A. ornata Leup. Forrm. (1879). — V. linear, with incurved, obtuse ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,02
mm. Dorsal side with 8 costate striz in 0,01 mm. crossed by a linear furrow and reaching to the
median line. Ventral side with inclined rows (7 in 0,01 mm.) of puncta, crossed by a longitudinal,
narrow area. — D. de Ceylon p. 20 Pl. If. 9.

Marine: Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)!
I have seen a single valve only, the opaque structure of which did not admit of a close

examination of the dorsal side. Still there can be no doubt that this form is a distinct species,
belonging to the group of A. crassa.

9. A. comorensis Cr. N. sp. — V. broadly linear, with obliquely rounded and slightly
incurved ends. L. 0,14 to 0,19; B. 0,025 mm. Median line strongly biarcuate and elevated. Dorsal side
with transverse rows (7 in 0,01 mm.) of large puncta (10 in 0,01 mm.) not reaching to the median
line. Ventral side with curved rows of large and distant puncta, crossed by a narrow blank area.

Marine: Nossibé (Brun Coll.)! Tamatave (Kinker Coll.)!

This is a large and distinct form, akin to A. ornata. The opaque structure and the eleva-
tion to a keel of the median line made the examination of the dorsal side difficult. Still I believe
that the dorsal rows of puncta are crossed by a keel or longitudinal line.

112 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

10. A. Griindleri Grun. (1875). — Frustule rectangular, with broad, truncate ends. L. 0,065
to 0,136; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Zone with several longitudinal divisions, about 3 in 0,01 mm.,
transversely striate; striae 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Median line strongly arcuate. V. linear with
prominent, subcapitate and incurved ends. Dorsal side with 9 to 10 indistinctly punctate strie
in 0,01 mm., not reaching to the median line and crossed by a narrow longitudinal band. Ventral
side with two rows of puncta, one along the median line and one near the ventral margin. —
A. 8. Atl. XXVIII f. 24 to 27; XXXIX f. 25.

Marine: Gulf of Naples! Madagascar! Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.), Manilla (Deby
Coll.)! Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay! Gulf of Mexico! Fossil: Hungary (Pant.).

Var. trachytica Pant. (1889). — V. in L. 0,09 to 0,1; B, 0,015 mm. Striz on the dorsal
side reduced to two rows of puncta. — Pant. II p. 37 Pl. VII f. 182.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. approximata Cu. — V. in L. 0,13; B. 0,017 mm. Dorsal strize 12 in 0,01 mm. Ventral
rows of puncta approximate to the median line.

Marine: Island of Rhea, near Singapore (Van Heurck Coll.)!

Var. robusta Cu. — V. in L. 0,1 to 0,17; B. 0,02 to 003 mm. Strie 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Nossibé (Brun Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Fossil: Oamaru, N. Zealand
(Grove Coll.)!

11. <A. prismatica Cu. N. sp. —- V. elongated, with prominent, rounded and incurved ends.
L. 0,12 to 0,17; B. 0,018 to 0,027 mm. Dorsal side with distinct axia] area and several longitu-
dinal blank bands. Striz not distinctly punctate, 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side with two
longitudinal rows of short strie. — Pl. IV f. 26.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! Oamaru, N. Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

12. <A. diaphana Cu. N. Sp. — Frustule elliptical, with truncate ends. L. 0,048; B. 0,027
mm. Zone complex, its divisions about 7 in 0,01 mm., striate. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm. V. with
strongly arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margin; ends not protracted. IL. 0,048 to 0,065; B. 0,01
to 0,o17 mm. Median line strongly biarcuate. No axial area on the dorsal side, where there is
close to the median line a strong longitudinal line. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. Ventral
side structureless, broad, with a longitudinal line. — Pl. IV f. 27.

Marine: Java! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

13. A. truncata Gree. (1857?) Cu. — Frustule elliptical with truncate ends. L. 0,05 to
0,055; B. 0,025 to 0,o28 mm. Zone with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm., transversely striate; strie
22 in 0,o1 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal margin and straight ventral margin. Ends not protracted.
Axial area moderately broad on the dorsal side. Striz 19 to 20 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side struc-
tureless, or with faint traces of striation. — D. of Clyde p. 515 Pl. XIII f. 77? Icon. n. Pl. III
f. 17, 18.

Marine: Finmark! Sebastopol!

What A. truncata Gruc. may exactly denote is not possible to make out without original
specimens, but it is certainly a form nearly akin to A. Grevilleana. The same may be the case
with A. quadrata Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 521 Pl. XIII f. 85) and also with A. sulcata Bris. (1854).

14. <A. suleata (Bris. 1854)? Cy. — Frustule elliptic-rectangular, with truncate ends.
L. 0,053 to 0,06; B. 0,026 mm. Zone with about 3 divisions in 0,01 mm., striate; strize 15 to 16
in 0,o1 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margin. Axial area distinct on the dorsal
side of the median line. Strie 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Longitudinal line indistinct. Ventral side
structureless. Longitudinal line not distinct. — Bris. Notes sur quelques D. de Cherb. f. 8 (1854)?

Marine: Balearic Islands!

As above stated it is impossible to make out what form Brébisson denotes by the name
A. sulcata, for which reason 1 have adopted this name for a form, which in all points is nearly

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3, 1138

akin to it. A. elongata Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 521 Pl. XIII f. 84) seems to be an elongated
variety of this species, which is nearly related to the following.

15. <A. Greffii (GRuv. 1875) Ct. — Frustule elliptical to rectangular, with broad, truncate
ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,05 mm. Zone with about 2 divisions in 0,01 mm. striate; strie 17 in 0,01 mm.
V. lunate, with almost straight ventral margin and not protracted ends. L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,013
to 0,o25 mm. Median line biarcuate. Axial area more or less broad on the dorsal side. Strie 11
to 14 in 0,01 mm., not distinctly punctate, and crossed by a conspicous, narrow blank line. Ventral
side structureless or with a row of faint and short strie. No distinct longitudinal line. — A.
Greffi var. A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 40. A. truncata? Atl. XXVIII f. 5? A. Debyi Leup. Fort. D.
de la Malaisie p. 10 Pl. I f. 4 (1892)?

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Brun Coll.)! Zanzibar (Atl.), Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! China! Gala-
pagos Islands!

A. Greffi Grun. in A. S. Atl. is to judge from the figures the same species as A. Grevil-
leana. At least I am not able to discover any distinctive characteristics. I understand A. Greffi
to represent a form, nearly akin to A. Grevilleana but with closer, not distinctly punctate
strie, and not protracted ends. The zones appear to differ in the divisions, which in A. Greffi
are contiguous, but in A. Grevilleana are separated by an intermediate, blank, longitudinal band.
This requires further investigation.

Var. stawrophora Cu. — Central nodule transversely dilated to a short stauros.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Brun Coll.)!

16. A. Grevilleana Gree. (1857). — Frustule more or less rectangular, with truncate ends.
L. 0,1 to 0,16; B. 0,035 to 0,1 mm. Zone with about 3 divisions in 0,01 mm. transversely striate;
strie 6 to 17 in 0,o1 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal margin and more or less produced ends. L. 0,10
to 0,22; B. 0,02 to 0,o3 mm. Median line biarcuate. Axial area more or less broad on the dorsal
side. Dorsal side with 6 to 10 strie in 0,01 mm. Striz coarsely punctate, crossed by a distinct
longitudinal line or keel. Ventral side structureless, with a strong longitudinal line. — T. M. 8S.
V. p. 73 Pl. I f. 36. OD. of Clyde p. 522 Pl. XIII f. 89. A. S. Atl XXV f. 41. A. sulcata Gree.
D. of Clyde Pl. XIII f. 92? A. complexa Grue. 1. c. f. 90. A. fasciata Gree. }. c.f. 91. A. Greffi
Grun. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 42 (1875). A. Grev. var. prominens Grun. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 48, 44.
Var. campechiana Grun. 1. c. f. 45. A. (Grevill. var.?) sepulta Pant. I p. 22 Pl. XXIV f. 223
(1886). A. swmatrensis Leup. Fortm. D. de la Malaisie p. 10 Pl. I f. 5 (1892)?

Marine: Spitsbergen (small form L. 0,1 mm. Strie 12 on the valve, 17 on the zone in 0,01
mm.)! North Sea! Guernsey! Morocco! Gulf of Naples! China! Magellans Strait! S:ta Monica
Calif., foss. (Deby Coll.)! Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay (Atl.).

A. Grevilleana is a somewhat variable species, closely connected with A. Greffii, from which
it is distinguished by larger size, more prominent ends and the coarsely punctate striew. On larger
specimens the latter seem under high power to be costate and alternate with double rows of puncta
(about 9 in 0,01 mm.).

Var. contracta Cu. — V. with straight ventral, and in the middle deeply sinuose dorsal
margin. Ends rostrate-capitate. L. 0,085 to 0,125; B. 0,02 to 0,o28 mm. Median line almost
straight. Axial area moderately wide on the dorsal side. Strize 8 in 0,01 mm., costate and alter-
nating with double rows of puncta, 13 in 0,01 mm. Keel across the strize strong. Ventral side
narrow. — A. S. Atl. Pl. XL f. 33.

Marine: Barcelona! Grip, Norway (Atl).

17. A. proboscidea (Gree. 1857?) CL. — Frustule elliptical, with truncate ends. L. 0,065
to 0,07; B. 0,034 mm. Zone with 3 sharply defined divisions in 0,01 mm., transversely striate;
stri about 10 in 0,01 mm. V. with rostrate and incurved ends. Median line biarcuate. Axial

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. N:o 3. 15

114 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

area large on the dorsal side. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., ending at the longitudinal line. — D. of
Clyde p. 526 Pl. XIV f. 98? Icon. n. Pl. III f. 19,20, 21.

Marine: Porto Seguro, Bahia (Deby Coll.)! Java!

This form, which af all Amphorz observed by me has the greatest resemblance to A. pro-
boscidea of Gregory, is nearly akin to A. Greffi.

18. A. bioculata Cr. — Frustule elliptical with truncate ends. L. 0,07; B. 0,04 mm.
Zone with broad divisions (1,5 in 0,01 mm.) transversely striate; strie 17 in 0,01 mm. finely
punctate. V. lunate with broad, obtuse and incurved ends. Median line biarcuate. Axial area
narrow. Longitudinal line strong, bent from the central nodule. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm., costate,
and alternating with rows of puncta (15 in 0,o1 mm.) faint on the space between the longitudinal
and median line. Ventral side structureless, broad. — Pl. III f. 36, 37, 38.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)!

19. A. gemmifera Petrr (1888). — V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margin.
Ends rostrate. L. 0,06 to 0,072; B. 0,o08 to 0,012 mm. Axial area on the dorsal side narrow;
central triangular, striae 7 in 0,01 mm. crossed by a longitudinal line, bent around the central
nodule. — D. de Cape Horn p. 120 Pl. X f. 12.

Marine: Cape Horn (Petit).

This species is unknown to the author, possibly a var. of A. Grevilleana or perhaps a var.
of the following species.

20. A. Sturtii Grun. (1888) — V. with straight ventral margin, gibbous in the middle,
sinuose dorsal margin and capitate ends. L. 0,14; B. 0,025 mm. Axial area narrow, central tri-
angular. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate (on corroded specimens), crossed by a strong
longitudinal line bent around the central nodule. — Bot. Centralbl. Bd. 34 p. 36. A. contracta?
Grove a. Sturt J. Quek. M. C. Vol. TII Ser. II p. 131 (1887) Pl. X f. 4.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, foss. (Grove Coll.)!

21. A. subpunctata Grove and Srurt (1887). — V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral
margins, obtuse and incurved ends. L. 0,19; B. 0,028 mm. Axial and central areas uniting on the
dorsal side in a broad semilanceolate space, covered with large and scattered dots. Longitudinal
line strong, bent from the central nodule. Strie 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate. — J.
Quek. M. C. Vol. III Ser. II p. 181 Pl. X f. 3.

.Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

22. A. Leudugeriana Perir (1888). — V. narrow, with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral
margins. Ends rostrate-capitate, incurved. L. 0,08 to 0,11; B. 0,014 to 0,o16 mm. Median line
straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area linear, rather broad. Longitudinal lines
two. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. Ventral side not striate. — D. de Cape
Horn p. 119 Pl. X f. 13.

Marine: Cape Horn (Petit) Magellans Strait!

This form is nearly connected with small forms of A. areolata, from which it differs by
the broader axial area.

23. A. areolata Grun. (1876). — Frustule rectangular, with slightly convex sides and
truncate ends. L. 0,09 to 0,16; B. 0,02 to 0,035 mm. Connecting zone with 2,5 to 3 divisions
in 0,01 mm., crossed by strong, transverse coste, a little closer than the coste of the valve.
V. with arcuate dorsal, and straight central, margins. Ends protracted, rostrate or subcapitate,
according to the position of the valve. Median line straight or slightly biarcuate, approximate to
the ventral margin. Axial area indistinct. Longitudinal lines two, strong, not bent around the
central nodule. Strie costate, 3,5 to 6,5 in 0,o1 mm. Intermediate spaces smooth or with a double
row of obsolete puncta. Ventral part not striate, but with a strong longitudinal line.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. w:o 3. 115

Var. maxima Cu. a. Grove (1892). — L. of V. 0,13 to 0,16; B. 0,02 to 0,03 mm. Strie 3,5
to 4,5 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste I p. 156 Pl. XXII f. 1 to 4.

Marine: Tamatave (Kinker Coll.)! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. curta Cu. — L. of V. 0,068 to 0,093; B. 0,017 to 0,024 mm. Strie 5 in 0,01 mm.
— A. areolata Grun. A. 8. Atl XXXIX f. 28. A. megapora Payt,, Il p. 38 Pl. XXIX
f. 418 (1889).

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. minor Cit. — L. of V. 0,08 to 0,1; B. 0,017 mm. Striz 5 to 6,5 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Java! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Pensacola (Cl. M. D. N:o 320).

24. A. capensis A. 8. (1875). — Frustule elliptical with broad, rostrate ends. L. 0,06;
B. 003 mm. Zone with distant longitudinal rows of puncta. V. with arcuate dorsal, and centrally
gibbous ventral, margins. Ends rostrate and reflexed. B. 0,07 mm. Median line near the ventral
margin. Axial area very narrow. Central nodule incrassate on the dorsal side. Strie 10 in 0,01
mm. coarsely punctate. — Atl. XXV f. 49, 50.

Marine: Cape of Good Hope (Atl).

I have not seen this species, and the diagnosis has been constructed from the figures in
the Atlas. It seems to be akin to A. Janischii.

25. A. Janischii A. S. (1875). — Frustule broad, elliptic-linear, with rostrate and broadly
truncate ends, indented in the middle. L. 0,08; B. 0,027 mm. Zone with about 3 divisions in 0,01
mm. coarsely striate; strie about 10 in 0,01 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal, straight or centrally
gibbous ventral, margins and rostrate, reflexed ends. Median line near the ventral margin. Central
nodule incrassate but not dilated into a stauros. Above the nodule is an oblong depression. Axial
area narrow, dilated around the central nodule. Longitudinal line distinct. Striez 11 in 0,01 mm.
of distant but obscure puncta. Ventral side narrow; striz 12 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XXV f. 51, 52,
53, 56; XL f. 30, 32. H. L. Sm. T. N:o 32. A. contracta Grun. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 54, 55, 57.

Marine: Leton Bank! Seychelles (V. Heurck Coll.)! Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Barbados (Cl.
M. D. N:o 118), Yokohama (Atl.), Macassar Straits!

26. <A. alata Prrac. (1881). — Frustule rectangular, indented in the middle. L. 0,06 to
0,07; B. 0,04 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, about 4 in 0,01 mm., transversely striate;
strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. Hyaline limbus distinct in the middle of frustule. Valve narrow,
with capitate, inflected ends. Median line close to the ventral margin. Axial area distinct.
Central nodule not dilated to a stauros. Longitudinal line distinct. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm.,
finely punctate. Ventral side structureless, with a longitudinal line. — D. de Villefranche p. 41
Ploif il. A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 61?

Marine: Norway Grip (valve not winged)! Morocco! Balearic Islands! Macassar Straits!

Var. major Cu. — L. 0,09 mm. Strie distinctly punctate, 8 in 0,01 mm.
Marine: Galapagos Island!
Var. aptera Cu. — L. 0,05 mm. Dorsal side without limbus. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Pensacola (Cl. M. D. N:o 320).

27. A. vetusta CL. — Frustule in outline broadly linear elliptical, indented in the middle.
L. 0,075; B. 0,03 mm. Zone with 4 longitudinal divisions in 0,01 mm. transversely striate; strie
10 in 0,01 mm. V. narrow, linear with broad, capitate and incurved ends. L. 0.09 to 0,13;
B. 0,014 to 0,02 mm. Central nodule transversely dilated into an obscure stauros. Axial and
central areas indistinct. Longitudinal line strong, at some distance from the median line. Strie
7 to 9 in 0,01 mm., transverse and coarsely, but obscurely punctate. Ventral side with a longi-
tudinal line (specimen from S:ta Monica) or a longitudinal row of short strie (specimen from
Oamaru). Otherwise structureless. — Pl. IV f. 30, 31, 32.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)! S:ta Monica, Calif. (Deby Coll.)!

116 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

28. A. exsecta Grun. (1875). — Frustule in outline more or less rectangular to elliptical,
indented in the middle. L. 0,06 to 0,065; B. 0.022 to 003 mm. Zone with numerous divisions,
about 5 in 0,01 mm., striate; strie 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Dorsal margin without limbus. V. with
arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margins, and somewhat rostrate, slightly incurved ends. Median
line straight, near the ventral margin. Longitudinal line on the dorsal side distinct. Central
nodule transversely dilated to the longitudinal line. Axial area broad. Strie 10 to 11 in 0,01
mm. composed of coarse puncta, about 11 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating, longitudinal rows. Ventral
side structureless. — A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 54, 55. Icon. n. Pl. III f. 26—29. A. kamorthensis
var. minor A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 81?

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.), China (Van Heurck and Deby Coll.)!

A. milesiana Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 521 Pl. XIII f. 83) seems to be a nearly related form,
with less distinctly indented centre. I have seen a specimen, somewhat resembling the fig. in
Greg. D. of Clyde, from the west-coast of Sweden, but the complex membrane prevented the exa-
mination of the valve. The fig. 13 Pl. XXXIX in A. S. Atl. seems to represent this form.

29. A. Weissflogii A. S. (1875). — Frustule rectangular, indented in the middle, with
conspicuous and broad hyaline limbus. Zone complex, with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm., coarsely
striate; strie 8 in 0,01 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margins, and more or
less rostrate-capitate ends. L. 0,1 to 0,113; B. 0,014 mm. Median line near the ventral margin.
Longitudinal line distant from the median line. Central nodule incrassate and transversely dilated
towards the longitudinal line. Axial area narrow; central area triangular. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm.
coarsely punctate outside, with distant puncta inside, the longitudinal line. (Ventral side not
observed). — Atl. XXV f. 58.

Marine: Baldjik, foss. (Van Heurck Coll.)!

This species is no doubt nearly akin to A. exsecta, and the small form figured in A. S. Atl.
f. 59 appears to be more nearly connected with A. exsecta than with the type. A. kamorthensis

Grun. (Nov. p. 99 Pl. I A f. 12; 1867) seems to be an allied species, of which I have not seen
specimens.

30. A. cuneata Cx. (1876). — Frustule elongated, truncate, constricted or indented in the
middle. L. 0,03 to 0,08; B. 0,013 mm. Zone with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm., transversely
striate on the ventral side of the frustule (strie about 12 in 0,01 mm.) transversely costate on
the dorsal side (coste 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm.). Hyaline limbus small, at the constriction of the valve,
frequently indistinct. V. narrow, with sinuose dorsal margin, arcuate in the middle, and subcapitate
ends. Central nodule incrassate, dilated to a stauros. Axial and central areas indistinct. Longi-
tudinal line on the back of the dorsal side. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate.
Ventral side narrow, structureless, with a longitudinal line. — A. S. Atl. XXXIX f. 29. Icon. n.
Pl. III f. 28—25. A. lyrata Grea. D. of Clyde p. 520 Pl. XIII f. 82 (1857)? A. S. Atl. XXVI
f. 2 (small form?). A. decora Castr. Voyage Challenger D. p. 18 Pl. XXVII f. 14.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Macassar Straits! Pensacola!

This species by its peculiar connecting zone suggests A. Peragalli.

31. A. granulifera Ci. N. Sp. — Frustule in outline lanceolate, constricted in the middle.
Ends rostrate-truncate. L. 0,04 to 0,047; B. 0,015 mm. Zone with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm.,
transversely costate, costee about 7 in 0,01 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral
margins. Ends rostrate. L. 0,028 to 0,046; B. 0,007 to 0,01 mm. Median line straight, near the
ventral margin. Axial area indistinct; central area a short fascia on the dorsal side of the
nodule. Longitudinal line near the dorsal margin. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.; inside the longitudinal
line resolved into large, distinct puncta. Ventral side narrow, linear, structureless, — Pl. III
f. 32, 33.

Marine: Java (Cl. M. D. N:o 147).

KONGL. 8V. VET, AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2/7. wn:o 3. 117

32. A. margaritifera Ct. N. Sp. — Frustule indented in the middle, bicuneate, with broad,
truncate ends. L. 0,027 to 0,04; B. 0,015 mm. Zone with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm. coarsely
transversely striate. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm., composed of distinct puncta. V. with arcuate dorsal,
slightly convex ventral margin, and rostrate ends. L. 0,035; B. 0,01 mm. Median line straight.
Longitudinal line indistinct. Central nodule not stauroid. Axial area indistinct; central small
rounded. Dorsal striz 8 in 0,01 mm., composed of a few large puncta, crossed by a broad, blank
area. Ventral side with a row of small puncta along the margin (10 to 11 in 0,01 mm.). —
Pl, ILL £; 30, 3.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

Subgenus Halamphora Cu.

Frustule elongated, sometimes constricted in the middle. Connecting zone complex. Valve
boat-shaped, usually with rostrate or capitate ends. Median line close to the ventral margin.
Axial area usually indistinct. No longitudinal line on the dorsal or ventral side. Structure:
puncta disposed in transverse striz.

This subgenus, to which belongs A. salina of W. Smiru, comprises a large number of
forms, closely connected in part. They differ from Cymbamphora by the zone being complex, by
the, usually, capitate ends and the distinctly punctate striz. The small terrestrial A. Normani
seems to be related to A. perpusilla of the subgenus Amphora, so also A. veneta and A. commu-
tata, otherwise there is no close connection between this and any other group of Amphora.

Artificial key.

Strie crossed by a longitudinal band . . £8 & BA wes A. intersecta A. 8.
1. i ee several — _ blank lines . . A. ezekehazensis Pant.
not _ — ra i, . z é 2.
9. in i with Sisiont puncta ; i j ; 3.
closely punctate . . ; 4 4.
3. oa margin slightly irhundiiiats ‘ A. Grunowti A. 8.
— not undulate . ° . A. corpulenta Cu. a- GROVE.
4 ae constricted .... . . eas 5.
not — so 45 ‘ 5 fod eer 38 odds
Valve with one donststeiten ; oy ; rae? . 6.
5. \- — two constrictions i A. Jeschkei Jan.
— several — fe : : ae 10.
6. Zone on the dorsal side rotiondate. i 3 : % (4 ail Peragalli Cu.
ape — — not — eA ek e% ds:
7. Constriction with a median gibbosity ..... Sie a be 8 A ‘bullate Cu.
ee without — — ow & ewes a : : 208 pes SBE
Divisions of the zone faint. . j A. bigibba Grun.
8.
ie -- distinct é 3 : 2% e is . 9
9, ‘Honea strie about 13 in 0,01 mm... eiah, Garten tore A. trinodis Grxe.
ee — 9to10 — So ee ee pe ws A. angularis GREE.
10. aatiaa aad equal . : 4 6: Pe, we ‘A, tetragibba Cu.
Median undulation larger than the “eine bse cdtyie Seies “ah elt a A. sarniensis GREV.
tt. Strie 5in 001 mm...... Be (BY Dedede SEEN gancs _ A. clara A. S.
oe 9tol0in0Oo1 mm... 7 6 1 . : 12.
12. Ends of the valve not capitate. ...... ees, Re wa da;
= — capitate, not curved inwards gai oh. ees . 18.
Ends not rostrate ... . gh ES PR RES aa nae 14,
18. ae rostrate, curved inwards ........-. : aR ay 16.
Strie 20 in 001 mm ...... A Lip State ah dk hs Uae BY Ria Gree args . . A. veneta Kivz.
Ms \ — 12 to 14 in O01 mm... 2... - Ee elie egies abs wigs tee 15.

118 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

15 f Median line approximate to the ventral margin .. . « . A, Lagerheimii Cu.
“\ — — distant from — — — ; ; aed .. <A, estuarii Cx.
16 eee almost orbicular je AB ek ee .. .A. Szaboi Pant.
d elongate- iat ge Rs de ioe AG
7 1, 0,02 to 0035 mm... oa 3 . . A. Normani Razz.
" | L. 0,05 to 0,085 mm. he pete: eta nt beth . . A. commutata Grow.
18 oes Frustule orbicular. ...... tl Li Se ee RNS edhe. Heed aie a It nid 19.
‘ elongated. ..... ; Bee gh Beceem ee || ablachspeh. f.% 20.
19 te Osi mm. 5; io Sa tee ap oR a A. turgida Gre.
" | L. 0,045 to 0,08 mm... . : , eee A. costata W. Sm.
Strie 7 to 9 in Oat mu. . : F Babe ke hs -o, SDE
ete eS a eae ete rele a a 22.
—18t.20 — — . go CREE le eS eee 24.
21 ee indistinctly punctate den tears be fete Se $y that dare A. Terroris Ens.
: — distinctly _ Bee 14 A. Eunotia Cu.
29 (oar with longitudinal rows of coarse spunea bog Be . . A. granulata Gree.
: — transversely striate. . . : oh. eg so 2B
23 es 0,026 to 004 mm... . é , A. exigua GREG.
“ \L. 0,04 to 0,12 mm. Ce ee ee » 4 .. A. macilenta Gree.
24 Zone with faint divisions. . , , eas. 3 A. Normani Raza.
™ 6
ee — distinct — . ooh ER 2 A a Bs eRe a a Ree ds 25.
on i delicately striate... 6 00. Ow we a .. . A. coffeiformis Ac.
| — distinctly — : : : : .. A. acutiuscula Kitz.

‘1. A. ewestuarii Cx. (1894). — Frustule elliptical, with broad, truncate ends. L. 0,05;
B. 0,03 mm. Zone apparently smooth, with 4 to 5 broad divisions. V. lunate, acute, with
somewhat gibbous ventral margin. Median line arcuate in the middle of the valve. Axial area
broad, on the dorsal side frequently dilated around the central nodule. Dorsal side with 14 not
distinctly punctate, striae in 0,01 mm., not crossed by a longitudinal line. Ventral side broad,
with a median row of short striz, about 17 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste II p. 146 Pl. IX f. 10, 11.

Brackish water (mouth of rivers): Africa, Cameroon!

This species which resembles in the outline A. sulcata or A. truncata is remarkable for its
very broad, ventral side, in which characteristic it agrees with Cymbella.

2. A. Lagerheimii Cu. (1894). — Frustule elliptical, with broad, truncate ends. L. 0,05
to 007 mm. Zone with about 4 punctate (puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.) lines (divisions) in 0,01 mm.
Valve lunate, gradually tapering from the middle to the narrow ends. Dorsal margin arcuate;
ventral straight. Median line near the ventral margin. Axial area very large, apparently scabrous,
Dorsal side at the margin with a short stauros, reaching to the area, and marginal striz, 12 in 0,01
mm. Ventral side smooth, except at the margin, where are short strie, 16 in 0,01 mm. (perhaps
belonging to the zone). — Diatomiste II p. 99 Pl. VII f 2.

Fresh water, moist rocks: Ecuador, Banos!

This is a very curious species, remarkable for the short dorsal stauros. There is no nearly
akin form, as far as I know. Perhaps it is most nearly related to A. veneta, through different
in most respects.

3. A. veneta Kitz (1844). — Frustule elliptical with rounded truncate ends. L. 0,02 to
0,06; B. 0,011 to 0,018 mm. Zone with several distinct divisions, about 12 in 0,01 mm., which
are more or less distinctly, transversely striate; strie 26 or more in 0,01 mm. V. with convex
dorsal and straight or slightly concave ventral margin. Ends subacute, not protracted or rostrate.
Central nodule strong, elongated. Median line straight close to the ventral margin; its central
pores distant. Dorsal side striate, ventral not. Dorsal strie 20 in 0.01 mm., more distant in the
middle, punctate. — Bac. p. 108 Pl. III f. 25. V. H. Syn. p. 58 Pl. If. 17. 4. fasciata Ens.
1840 (according to H. L. Smith). A. Hohenackert Rapeyu. Siiss. D. p. 31 Pl. IX f. 11 (1858).
A. quadricostata Rasu. Siissw. D. Pl IX f. 5 (1853). A. 8. Atl. XXVI f. 74 to 80. A. tumidula

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3, 119

Grun. Rab. A. E. N:o 1,716 (1864). H. L. Sm. T. Nio 616. A. hyalina var. parvula Gron. Rab.
A. E. N:o 1,722 (1864). A. coffeiformis H. L. Sm. T. N:o 31. A. libyea H. L. Sm. T. Nio 34.

Fresh or brackish water: Sweden (Visby, Bohuslin)! England (Kew gardens!) France (Caen!)
Germany (Berlin!) Sardinia (Atl.), Nile Delta! Persia! New Zealand! Ecuador! Argentina! N. Ame-
rica (Michigan!)

A. veneta is well characterized by its elongated central nodule and distant median strie.
The connecting zone is variable in its structure. Frequently the divisions are difficult to see,
sometimes they are clear and distinctly transversely striate.

4. A. Szaboi Pant. (1889). — Frustule in outline orbicular with slightly rostrate ends.
L. 0,035; B. 0,028 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, about 5 in 0,01 mm., transversely striate;
strie 19 in 0,01 mm. V. broad, lunate, with straight or slightly concave ventral margin and
subrostrate obtuse ends, curved inwards I. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,013 mm. Median line almost
straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area distinct, frequently dilated in the middle
on the dorsal side of the central nodule. Striz on the dorsal side 13 to 17 in 0,01 mm. coarsely
punctate. Stria on the ventral side 17 in 0,01 mm. short, marginal. — Panr. II p. 39 Pl. I
f. 20. A. hevesensis Panr. II p. 37 Pl. II f. 32, Pl III f. 46, Pl. IV f. 68. A. Wiesner Panr. IT
p. 40 Pl. III f. 45. A. arcuata Panv. II p. 35 Pl. IV f. 70. A. minuta Pant. I] p. 38 Pl If. 16.
A. coffeiformis var. fossilis Pant. II Pl. IV f. 69?

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Szardoc!)

I have united all the above named species of PantocsEK, being unable to find in the figures
or descriptions any difference of importance. They differ only ir. size and, slightly, in the number
of strie. This species seems to me to be nearest akin to A. veneta, from which it is however
quite distinct.

5. A. Normani Rasu. (1864). — Frustule elliptical, truncate, frequently with somewhat
rostrate ends. L. 0,02 to 0,035; B. 0,o1 mm. Connecting zone with numerous, frequently indistinct,
divisions (about 12 in 0,01 mm.). V. narrow, lunate, with more or less distinctly capitate ends
curved inwards. L. 0,22 to 0,03; B. 0,004 to 0,005 mm. Central nodule strong. Median line at
some distance from the ventral margin. Striz on the dorsal side 17 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side
structureless. — F. E. Alg. p. 88. V. H. Syn. p. 56. V. H. T. Nio 5. A. humicola Grun. A. S.
Atl. XXVI f. 90 to 92 (1875). V. H. Syn. Pl. If. 12. A. humic. var. javanica Grun. A. 8. Atl.
XXVI f. 89. A. humic. var. calderiorum Groun. in Cl. M. D. Neo 191.

Moist earth: Sweden, Upsala! Belgium! Harz (Atl.), Java (Atl).

6. A. bullata Cu. — Frustule subrectangular, truncate, centrally contracted on the ventral
side with a gibbosity in the sinus. L. 0,025 to 0,055; B. 0,01 to 0,o12 mm. Zone with about
5 divisions in 0,01 mm. obscurely striate. V. with protracted, subcapitate and somewhat incurved
ends. Median line at some distance from the ventral] margin. Dorsal side obscurely striate; striz
about 17 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side not striate.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

7. A. commutata Grow. (1880). — Frustule elongated, linear elliptical, with rounded ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,085; B. 0,02 to 0,026 mm. Zone with longitudinal rows (5 in 0,01 mm.) of short, fine
strie (29 in 0,01 mm.). V. linear, with rostrate, incurved ends. Median line biarcuate. Axial
area moderately large on the dorsal side. Ventral side without strie or with a row of short,
marginal striw, about 15 in 0,01 mm. Dorsal side with 9 to 10 strie in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn.
p. 58 Pl. If. 14. A. affinis W. Su. B. D. Tp. 19 Pl. Wf. 27. H. L. Sm. Typ. Nio 28. A. pellu-
cida A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 11? 36, 37. A. robusta A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 38. A. robusta var. minor
Danner. D. of Baltic p. 20 Pl. I f. 7.

Brackish water: Baltic! Mansfelder See! England! Belgium! France!

120 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. fossilis Pant. (1889). — V. L. 0,065 to 0,071; B. 0,008 to 0,o115 mm. Striz about 16
in 0,01 mm. — A. fossilis Pant. II p. 36 Pl. I f. 2. A. curvata Pant. IT p. 36 Pl. If. 11.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

This species, very frequent in brackish water, is of uncertain position in the system. It
differs from other forms of Halamphora in its strongly biarcuate median line and broad, ventral
side. It has some resemblance to the species of the subgenus Amphora, but the zone is complex,
although the divisions are seen only with difficulty. The only species, with which it seems to be
connected, is A. Normani. I am unable to discover any differences between A. fossilis and A.
curvata Pant. and both differ from A. commutata in somewhat closer striz only.

8. A. bigibba Grun. (1875). — Frustule strongly constricted in the middle, truncate.
L. 0,02 to 0,046; B. 0,014 to 0,018 mm. Zone with numerous, more or less distinct divisions. V.
with straight ventral margin and protracted ends. Median line closely approximate to the ventral
margin. Dorsal striz delicate, 15 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. XXV f. 66, 67, 69, 70 to 77.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! Japan (Atl.), Chile (Atl.), Galapagos Islands! West
Indies! Campeachy Bay!

Var. interrupta Grun. (1875). — L. 0,05 mm. Stria 13 in 0,01 mm. interrupted in the
middle of the valve. — A. S. Atl. XXV f. 65.

Marine: Campeachy Bank.

9. A. sarniensis Grev. (1862). — Frustule with a strong constriction in the middle and a
shallow one between the middle and the ends, which are rostrate-truncate. L. 0,04 to 0,05;
B. 0,017 mm. Zone with about 4 divisions in 0,01 mm., transversely striate; strie 9 to 13 in
0,01 mm. V. with about 10 to 14 striz in 0,01 mm. — T. M. S. 1862 p. 95 Pl. IX f. 12.

Marine: Guernsey (Grove Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var.? sinuata Grev. (1863). — L. 0,07 mm. Margin with 7 constrictions. — A. sinuata
Grev. E. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 183 f. 5.

Marine: Queensland (Grey.).

Var.? flecuosa Grev. (1863). — L. 0,086 mm. Margin with 5 constrictions. — A. flex. GREV.
E. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 183 f. 4.

Marine: Queensland (Grev.).

10. A. tetragibba Cri. N. Sp. — Frustule subrectangular, with four undulations on the
margins. L. 0,035; B. 0,019 mm. V. with four equal undulations on the dorsal side. Ends
capitate and incurved. Median line close to the ventral margin. Striz about 10 in 0,01 mm. —
A. sarniensis? A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 80. A. sinuata aff. Grun. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 78, 79.

Marine: Baltjik (Atl.), Japan (Atl).

11. A. coffeiformis Ac. (1827). — Frustule lanceolate, 2 to 3 times longer than broad,
truncate. L. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Zone with numerous, close divisions, 10 to 16 in 0,01 mm., very
delicately striate; strie about 21 in 0,01 mm. V. narrow with arcuate dorsal, somewhat concave
ventral margin, and protracted, capitate ends. Median line close to the ventral margin. Dorsal
strie about 20 in 0,01 mm. — Frustulia coffeiformis Aa. in Regensb. Flora 1827 II p. 627 (accor-
ding to Kitz). Ktrz Bac. p. 108. A. 8S. Atl. XXVI f. 56, 58. A. aponina Kz Bac. p. 108
(1844). A. salina W. Sm. B. D. p. 19 Pl. XXX f. 251 (1853). V. H. Syn. p. 57 Pl If. 19. A.
lineata Grea. T. M. S. p. 71 Pl. I f. 33 (1857). A. Newpauert Pant. II p. 38 Pl. I f. 7 (1889)?
A. Taylori Gron. V. H. T. N:o 13.

Hot springs and brackish water: Sea of Kara! Baltic! Salines of Saxony! Iceland! Sand-
wich Islands! Australia, Fischie River! West Indies!

Var.? perpusilla Grun. (1884). — L. 0,009 to 0,011 mm. Striz more than 30 in 0,01 mm.
— Grun. Fr. Jos. Land D. p. 102. A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 98.

Marine: Franz Josephs Land (Grun.), Nice (Atl.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. vio 3. 121

Var. borealis Kiirz (1844). — L. 0,013 to 0,025 mm. Strie 21 to 24 in 0,01 mm. — A. bo-
realis Kitz Bac. p. 108 Pl. TI f. 18. V. H. Syn. Pl. I f. 20. A. salina 8 minor V. H. Syn. p. 57.

Fresh or brackish water: Helgoland (Kiitz), Gulf of Bothnia!

Var. fossilis Pan. (1889). — L. 0,032 mm. Strie 22,5 in 0,01 mm. — A. salina var. fosstlis
Pant. IT p. 39 Pl. III f. 47.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. angularis V. H. (1880). — Frustule in L. 0,025 to 0,043; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. slightly
constricted in the middle. Striz 20 to 23 (18 according to Van Heurck) in 0,01 mm. Divisions
of the zone about 14 in 0,01 mm., distinctly striate, — A. angularis V. H. Syn. po? Pl Lt 2,
A. angulosa var. lyrata V. H. Syn. f. 22. A. hybrida Groy. V. H. Syn. p. 57 V. H. T. Nio 12.
A. bullosa var, lineolata H. L. Surru T. N:o 611.

Marine: England! Belgium!

Var. hungarica Cu. — V. in length 0,044; B. 0,01. Ventral margin straight. Strie 20 in
0,01 mm. — A. acutiuscula var. fossilis Pant. II p. 35 Pl. II f. 29.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. protracta Pant. (1889). — L. of V. 0,08; B. 0,007 mm. Ventral margin convex. Ends
protracted, capitate. Striz distinctly punctate 17,5 to 19 in 0,01 mm. — A. protracta Pant. IL
p- 89 Pl. I f. 5.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

12. A. aeutiuseula Kirz (1844). — Frustule elliptic-lanceolate, with subrostrate and trun-
cate ends. L. 0,035 to 0,07; B. 0,019 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, about 11 in 0,01 mm.,
transversely striate; strie 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm. V. narrow, 10 to 12 times as long as broad,
with subcapitate ends and straight ventral margin. Median line close to the ventral margin.
Strie 13 to 18 in 0,01 mm. finely, but distinctly punctate. — Bac. p. 108 Pl. V f. 32. V. H.
Syn. p. 57 Pl. I f. 18. A. lineata Grea. Diat. of Clyde p. 512 Pl. XII f. 70 (1857) A. S. Atl.
XXVI f. 59. A. coffeiformis var. Salinarum Grun. Foss. D. Osterr. Ung. p. 148 (1882). A. striata
Pant. IT p. 39 Pl. II f. 31 (1889)? A. striolata Pant. II p. 39 Pl. II f. 25 (1889)? A. juvenalis
Pant. IIT Pl. XIII f. 199 (1893).

Brackish and marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! Baltic! North Sea!
Morocco! Balearic Islands! Caspian Sea (Grun.), Hungary, fossil Czekehaza! Cape May! Samoa!

Var.? subconstricta Grun. (1878). — Frustule slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,035
to 0,045; B. 0,011 to 0,o12 mm. Striz 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm., on the zone fine. — Casp. Sea Alg.

p: 8 PL, If £. 5.
Brackish water: Caspian Sea (Grun.), N. Wales.
Var.? constricta Grun. (1878). — Larger than the var. subconstricta. Strie 12 to 14 in

0,01 mm. -— Casp. Sea Alg. p. 8.

Marine: Tahiti, Tonga Islands, Samoa (Grun.), Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.!)

A, acutiuscula differs from A. coffeiformis in its larger size, coarser strie, and distinctly
striate zone, but all these characteristies are variable, and in fact both species are connected by
intermediate forms, as is also the case with A. macilenta Grea.

PantocsEK has described under the name A. Loczyi (II p. 87 Pl. V f. 93) a form that seems
to belong to A. acutiuscula, but the description does not agree with the figure, as the strie are
according to the description 11 in 0,01 mm. and on the fig. 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. The variety
subconstricta may be identical with A. angularis and the var. constricta with A. binodis.

13. A. macilenta Grue. (1857). — Frustule in outline lanceolate, with truncate ends.
L. 0,037 to 0,12 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm., transversely striate;
strie 11 to 15 in 0,01 mm. V. semilanceolate with rostrate-capitate ends. Median line close to
the ventral margin. Strize 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm., obscurely punctate.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3. 16

122 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. typica Cu. — Frustule with narrow zone, 3 to 4 times longer than broad. Strie on
the zone 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm. V. in L. 0,087 to 0,13; B. 0,007 to 0,o15 mm. Striz 11 to 12 in
0,01 mm. — A. macilenta Gree. D. of Clyde p. 510 Pl. XIT f. 65.

Marine: Coasts of Sweden and Scotland! Baltjik, fossil! Labuan! Seychelles! Behring Island!

Var. ergadensis Grea. (1857). — Frustule 3 to 4 times longer than broad, with narrow zone.
L. 0,06 to 0,089; B. 0019 mm. Striae of the zone 15 in 0,01 mm. V. about 12 times longer than
broad; its stria 9 in 0,01 mm. — A. ergadensis Gree. D. of Clyde p. 512 Pl. XII f. 71.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Balearic Islands! Baltjik foss.! Macassar Straits!

A. macilenta and <A. ergadensis are badly represented by Grecory, and their identification
from the figures is doubtful. From the description of the number of striz, it seems possible that
GreEGorY denotes these forms, which are nearly akin to A. acutiuscula and differ from that species
in coarser strie and larger size only.

14. A. Eunotia Cx. (1873). — Frustule broad, with truncate ends. L. 0,08 to 0,12; B. 0,05
mm. Zone with numerous divisions, about 6 in 0,01 mm. distinctly striate; striz 11 in 0,01 mm.
V. semilanceolate, with slightly rostrate ends, about 6 times longer than broad. Median line close
to the ventral margin. Striz on the dorsal side 7,5 to 8 in 0,01 mm., distinctly punctate; puncta
about 10 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side not striate. — D. of Arctic Sea p. 21 Pl. II f. 17. Icon. n.
Pl. IV f. 2, 3. A. cymbifera Cu. Vega p. 462. A. cymb. var. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 35.

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Bohusléin! Bab el Mandeb! Labuan!

Var. gigantea Grun. — V. in L. 0,15; B. 0,026 mm. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm.; puncta 6 in
0,01 mm. Ventral side with marginal puncta, 10 in 0,01 mm. — A. cymbifera var. gigantea Gron.
in V. H. T. N:o 546. .

Marine: Baldjik, foss.! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.!).

15. A. clara A. S. (1875). — V. semilanceolate with straight ventral margin and rostrate
ends. L. 0,10 to 0,14; B. 0,023 to 0,028 mm. Median line straight, close to the ventral margin.
Striz 5 in 0,01 mm. composed of large puncta, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XXV f. 20.

Marine: Japan (Atl.), Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

16. A. costata W. Sm. (1853). — Frustule in outline broadly lanceolate, with rostrate and
truncate ends. L. 0,045 to 0,08; B. 0,03 to 0,065 mm. Zone with about 3 divisions in 0,01 mm.,
coarsely ‘striate, strie 10 in 0,o1 mm. V. lunate with somewhat concave ventral margin and
rostrate ends. Median line close to the ventral margin. Striw on the dorsal side 9 in 0,01 mm.
composed of large puncta, 7 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side very narrow, with 10 strie in 0,01 mm.
— B. D.I p. 20 Pl. XXX f. 253. Gree. D. of Clyde p. 527 Pl. XIV f. 99. H. L. Smrra Lens
II p. 88. A. inflata Grun. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 29 to 30 (1875).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea (Perag.), Adriatic! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! New Haven
(H. L. Smith), Pensacola! Colon! Campeachy Bay! Porto Seguro! Galapagos Islands!

A. monilifera Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 511 Pl. XII f. 69) is probably a frustule of A. costata
or Terroris in the state of division. The same may be the case with A. monilifera in A. S. Atl.
XXVI f. 32.

17. A. Terroris Ens. (1853). — Frustule lanceolate with rostrate-truncate ends. Li. 0,045
to 0,07; B. 0,018 to 0,o2 mm. Zone with about 5 divisions in 0,01 mm. striate; strie 11 in 0,01
mm. V. semilanceolate with rostrate-capitate ends. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., not distinctly
punctate. — B. Ak. 1853. A. Hrebi Kus. M. G. Pl. XXXV A 23 f. 2 (1854). Cr. Vega p. 462.
A. cymbifera Gree. D. of Clyde p. 526 Pl. XIV f. 97 (1857). A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 33; XXXIX
f. 18; XXV f. 17 to 19, 33, 34, 36. A. Lightsmithiana O’Muara M. J. XIV Pi. VIII f. 8 (1874)?

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! East Cape! North
Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Macassar Straits! Gulf of Mexico!

KONGL. 8V. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2/7. w:o 3. 123

Var. limbata Cu. — Frustule in L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Strie of the zone
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. V. in L. 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. Striee 7 in 0,01 mm. Dorsal side with a
narrow hyaline limbus.

Marine: Indian Ocean (Deby Coll.)! China (Deby Coll.)!

18. A. exigua Gree. (1857). -- Frustule linear-lanceolate, with rostrate, truncate ends.
L. 0,025 to 0,04; B. 0,011 to 0,012 mm. Zone with about 8 divisions in 0,01 mm. delicately striate;
strie 17 to 20 in 0,01 mm. V. with arcuate dorsal, straight ventral, margins and rostrate, capitate
ends. Strie 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. Median line close to the ventral
margin. — D. of Cl. p. 514 Pl. XII f. 75.

Brackish and marine: Scotland (Greg.), Arctic America! Bessels Bay! Adriatic! Sandwich
Islands! Tahiti! West Indies!

A, exigua is figured by Gregory in a manner which admits of no trustworthy identification,
but as the strie are stated to be 11 in 0,01 mm. I believe that Grecory denotes this species,
which differs from smaller forms of A. acutiuscula in its smaller size, more delicately striate zone,
and not distinctly punctate striz.

19. A. granulata Gree. (1857). —- Frustule linear-lanceolate, with rostrate, truncate ends.
L. 0,038 to 0,04 (0,043 to 0,077 Greg.); B. 0,013 to 0,018 (0,02 to 0,033 Greg.) in 0,o1 mm. Zone
with 7 to 11 divisions in 0,01 mm. and longitudinal rows of large puncta, 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm.
V. with straight median line, closely approximate to the ventral margin. Strie 13 (10 to 14 Greg.)
in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. — D. of Clyde p. 525 Pl. XIV f. 96.

Marine: Java! Macassar Straits!

20. A. Jeschkei Jan. (1876). — Frustule about 3 times longer than broad, with triundulate
margins and broadly truncate ends. I. 0,04; B. 0,0135 mm. Zone with about 4 longitudinal rows
of large puncta (about 11 in 0,01 mm.) in 0,01 mm. Valve narrow with protracted and capitate,
ineurved ends. Strive 12 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. XXXIX f. 14.

Marine:?

21. A. turgida Gree. (1857). — Frustule in outline almost orbicular, with rostrate ends.
L. 0,025 to 0,035; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Zone with longitudinal divisions. V. in L. 0,02 to 0,04;
B. 0,0075 to 0,oo9 mm. with broad, arcuate dorsal margin, straight ventral margin and rostrate
ends. Median line close to the ventral margin. Strie 13 (9 Greg.) in 0,01 mm., not distinctly
punctate. — D. of Clyde p. 510 Pl. XII f. 63. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 24, 25.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Norway! Red Sea! Java! Macassar Straits! Labuan!

A. turgida is nearly akin to A. exigua, differing scarcely in anything but its greater breadth.
Grunows A. fluminensis (Verh. 1863 p. 12 Pl. XIII f. 15) agrees in size and outline with A. turgida,
but has closer striae, 21 in 0,01 mm. The latter species is unknown to me.

92. A. Grunowii A. 8. (1874). — V. broad with straight ventral margin and elevated,
slightly triundulate dorsal margin. Ends capitulate. L. 0,054; B. 0,021 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.
composed of large, distant puncta. Median line closely approximate to the ventral margin. —
Atl. Probet. f. 15.

Marine: Java (Atl).

23. A. corpulenta Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. with almost straight ventral margin, very
elevated dorsal margin, and acuminate ends. L. 0,096; B. 0,045 mm. Median line close to the
ventral margin. Dorsal side with 6 strie in 0,01 mm. composed of distant puncta (4 to 5 in 0,01
mm.). Ventral side very narrow, with about 8 strie in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste I p. 68 Pl. X f. 14.

Marine: Macassar_ Straits!

124 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

24. A. binodis Gree. (1857). — Frustule lanceolate, truncate, constricted in the middle.
L. 0,044 to 0,05; B. 0,0127 mm. Zone with numerous delicate divisions (10 in 0,01 mm.) finely
striate; strie about 28 in 0,01 mm. V. with straight ventral margin. Median line close to the
ventral margin. Dorsal side with 13 not distinctly punctate striae in 0,01 mm. Ventral side
with faint and closer strize; about 19 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Clyde p. 510 Pl. XII f. 67.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Balearic Islands!

25. A. angularis Gree. (1855). — Frustule constricted in the middle, with broad, rostrate
ends. L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,02 to 0,025 mm. Zone with about 9 divisions in 0,01 mm., very
finely striate. V. with slightly concave ventral margin, arcuate, and centrally sinuose dorsal
margins, and capitate ends. L. 0,042; B. 0,008 mm. Median line close to the ventral margin.
Dorsal strie 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. — M. J. III p. 39 Pl. IV f. 6? A.S.
Atl. XXV f. 88.

Marine: Bohuslan (Atl.), Java! Macassar Straits!

Gregory's figure is scarcely sufficient for identification and Grunow believed it to represent
a form of A. coffeiformis, but it has much coarser strie.

26. A. Peragalli Cr. N. Sp. — Frustule elongated, slightly constricted in the middle, with
truncate ends. I. 0,055 to 0,065; B. 0,022 to 0,025 mm. Zone very dissimilar on the dorsal and
ventral side; on the dorsal side with about 5 longitudinal cost in 0,01 mm. connected by trans-
verse cost, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.; on the ventral side with about 12 longitudinal ribs in 0,01 mm.
and transversely striate, striae 24 in 0,01 mm. V. with the median line close to the ventral
margin. Its strie 11 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate. — Amphora sp. n.? Puraga. D. de Ville-
franche p. 40 Pl. III f. 26 (1888).

Marine: Mediterranean, Balearic Islands! Villefranche (Per.), Adriatic, Rovigno!

The figure given by Prragatto does not exactly correspond with our species, as it has
closer (15 in 0,01 mm.), and distinctly punctate, striae; nevertheless I have no doubt about the
identity.

27. A. ezekehazensis Pant. (1889). — V. with arcuate dorsal and straight ventral margin.
Ends rostrate. L. 0,06 to 0,0625; B. 0,01 to 0,0105 mm. Median line closely approximate to the
ventral margin. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate, but crossed by numerous, undulating
blank bands. — Pant. II p. 36 Pl. I f. 6.

Brackish water: Czekehaza, Hungary, fossil!

28. A. intersecta A. 8S. (1875). — Frustule linear, with truncate ends. L. 0,16; B. 0,04
mm. Zone with about 4 to 5 divisions in 0,01 mm., striate; strize 18 in 0,01 mm. V. about 7
times longer than broad, with slightly arcuate dorsal margin, straight ventral margin, and capitate
ends. L. 0,11 to 0,14; B. 0,o2 mm. Median line near the ventral margin. Axial area distinct on
the dorsal side. Dorsal side with 8 striz in 0,01 mm. Striz obscurely punctate and crossed by
two or three longitudinal blank bands. Ventral side narrow, with short marginal strie, about
11 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XXV f. 37, 38. Panv. III Pl. XII f. 190.

Marine: Baltjik, foss.! Bory, Hungary, fossil!

Var. sarmatica Pant. (1886). — Strize strongly punctate. — Pant. I p. 21 Pl. XV f. 1385.

Marine: Dolje, Hungary fossil (Pant.).

Var.? striata Pant. (1886). — L. 0,095; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm. composed of 4
distant puncta. — Pant. I p. 22 Pl. XVII f. 156.

Marine: Dolje, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wn:0 3, 125

Subgenus Oxyamphora.

Frustule usually broadly elliptical, with truncate ends and complex connecting zone. Valves
lunate, acute. Median line approximate to the ventral margin. Central nodule transversely dilated
to a stauros or not. Axial and central areas usually indistinct. No longitudinal lines or keels
on the dorsal side of the valve. Structure of the dorsal side: usually fine puncta, arranged in
parallel, or slightly radiate, transverse strie, and in undulating, longitudinal lines. Ventral side
with, usually, much closer strie than the dorsal side.

A. hyalina with cell-contents, frustule A. ostrearia with cell-contents ;
in zonal view, in state of division, and 600 times magnified.
in valvular view; 600 times magnified.

Cell-contents. I have examined living specimens of A. hyalina, A. ostrearia and A. quadrata.
In A. hyalina there is, along the ventral side of the connecting zone, a flat chromatophore-plate,
the extremities of which are deeply indented and at the ends of which
a single eleoplast constantly occurs. On the dorsal side of the plate
and on its centre the nucleus occurs enclosed in a plasma-mass, from
which radiate fine threads towards the wall of the frustule. On divid-
ing, the plate and terminal eleoplasts are longitudinally cloven. If the
living frustule be stained with methylene-blue, numerous, intensely
coloured granules make their appearance in the primordial stratum of
the plasma. A. ostrearia has two chromatophore-plates, one along the
dorsal wall of the connecting zone. Both are deeply constricted in the
middle. A. quadrata has instead of chromatophore-plates a large number
of small, rounded discs, gathered below the central plasma-mass and at
the extremities. It is thus, as to its cell-contents, a coccochromatic
diatom.

This subgenus comprises a number of forms with or without
stauros, which in other respects are too closely connected to be placed
in different sections. From the subgenus Amblyamphora they differ by the very narrow ventral
side and by the acute, frequently apiculate, ends of the valve. In the genus Navicula they cor-
respond, to Stawroneis and Lxbellus.

A. quadrata with cell-contents;
600 times magnified.

Artificial key.

Zone with some few inordinate stigmas... - «...- A. magnifica GREv.
: | — without — — St oiica antens eae Yo ‘ :

Without stauros...... eo ee ae ee Ae ee ee ee ee eee , 3.
fe es pe eee eae sare

Thin and membranaceous ..... 1-0 ee ee ee 4.
{ Siliciots: 4 ee wok Ge a Ge SO wR Oe ee ee 6.

126 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

4 fo globose... Ae boi . A. hyalina Koz.
rectangular 0% : ae 5.
5, oe of the zone close (10 in 0,01 mm.) . : : A. lineolata Exp.
— less — (7 in 0,01 mm.) A. bacillaris Gree.
6. oats on the ventral side as close as on the dorsal side . . ee ade (ike
— closer than — - = he te 8.
7, ee 0,05 to One aa mm. 4 F ; ap ; . A. Arcus GREG.
L. 0,13 to 026 mm... . : eee: ed . A. rhombica Krrv.
8. a of distant puncta (5 to 63 in 0,01 i : . A. meandrina Cu.
— — close — (10 to 12 in 0,01 mm.) : £ Ag a Pe! 19%
9, oe of puncta reaching to tho median line. 5 A. groenlandica Cu.
— not — _ — —.. : . A. aspera PEt.
Strie oblique . . re : . A. decussata Grun.
10.
{ — transverse . : F é : o <4 th
Median line straight ‘ arae 12.
11.
ae — arcuate. ‘ 15.
12. ene line close to the margin : 18.
— distant from — ‘ 14.
13. = of very distant puncta (4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.) A. micans A. S.
not very distant puncta (10 in 0,01 mm.) : A. acuta GREG.
14. ee 14 to BA in 0,01 mm., of distant puncta . A. Lunula Cu.
— — finely punctate... . . A, staurophora Cu.
15 pee mae punctate _ A. ostrearia Bris.
: — finely — : A. levis Gree.

1. A. lineolata Exs. (1838). — Frustule rectangular or elliptical with broad, truncate ends,
membranaceous. L. 0,082 to 0,045; B. 0,015 to 0,o23 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, 10 in
0,o1 mm. Central nodule not dilated into a stauros. Dorsal part of the valve finely striate.
Striz 20 to 23 in 0,01 mm. — Inf. Pl. XIV f. 4(?) Kizz Bac. p. 107 Pl. V f. 36. V. H. Syn.
p. 57 Pl. I f. 13, 28. A. S. Atl. XXVI ff. 51. A. plicata Greco. T. M.S. V p. 70 Pl. If. 31
(1857). A. S. Atl XXVI f. 50. A. Bulnheimit Rapu. Alg. Eur. N:o 1,934 (1866). A. hyalina
H. L. Sm. Types N:o (614. A. sulcata Dann. Baltic D. Pl. I f. 8 (1882). A. tenuis Fioeen Pom-
merania Exp. p. 90 f. 13 (1873)?

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! Coasts of Scotland, England and Sweden, Belgium! Baltic!
Saxony, Halle! Caspian Sea (Grun.), Adriatic! Java! China! California!

Var. chinensis A. S. (1875). — Frustule with more convex margins. Central nodule slightly
transversely dilated. — A. chinensis A. 8. Atl. XXVI f. 42.

Marine: China.

Var. undata H. L. Sm. (1873). — Frustule slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,043;
B. 0,019 mm. Striz 21 in 0,01 mm. — A. undata H. L. Sm. Lens IT p. 70 PL I fi 21.

Brackish water: Baltic at Westervik! New Haven Conn. Sm.

According to H. L. Smrra (Lens 1873 p. 74) Enrenpercs name denotes partly A. ovalis and
partly another species. 4. lineolata Kitz seems me to be this species, but A. léneolata Donx. is
another species, or Psammamphora arenaria var. <A. incurva Gree. (M. J. III p. 39 Pl. IV f. 5)
may represent detached valves of this or some other species, impossible to decide. A. tenera
W. Sm. (B. D. I p. 20 Pl. XXX f. 252) may be a small form of A. lineolata or Cymbamphora
cymbelloides, impossible to decide without original specimens. Prof. Hamruron Smiru believes it
to represent some Navicula. It seems questionable whether A. hyperborea Grun. (Franz Josefs
Land D. p. 55 Pl. I f. 10, 1884) may be a variety of A. lineolata, or belong to Navicula complanata.

2. A. magnifica Grev. (1863). -- Frustule quadrate. L. 0,102; B.°0,14 mm. V. very
narrow. Median line arcuate. Zone with numerous divisions, about 4 in 0,01 mm. dotted with
large scattered puncta. — Edin. N. Ph. J. XVIII p. 182 f. 1.

Marine: Queensland (Grev.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. No 3. 127

3. A. hyalina Kirz (1844). — Frustule membranaceous, more or less orbicular in outline.
L. 0,05 to 0,08 mm. Zone with numerous divisions. Valve semicircular with straight ventral
margin and somewhat apiculate ends. Median line close to the ventral margin. Strie about 23
n 0,61 mm. — Bac. p. 108 Pl. XXX £18. W. Su. B, D. I PL. IL’ 28. A. 38. Atl. XXXVI £52
to 55. A. hemispherica Grun. in Hedwigia VI p. 24 (1867).

Marine: Spitsbergen! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Cape May! Barbados! Hon-
duras (Grun.).

4, A. bacillaris Gree. (1857). — Frustule almost rectangular. L. 0,05; B. 0,017 to 0,02
mm. Zone with 7 divisions in 0,01 mm. transversely striate; strie 20 in 0,01 mm. Valve narrow.
Central nodule not dilated into a stauros. Striew radiate, 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. not crossed by a
longitudinal line. — D. of Clyde p. 527 Pl. XIV f. 100. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 40, 41. A. bac. var
scotica Cu. M. D. N:o 310.

Marine: Coasts of Scotland!

This form agrees pretty well with Grucory’s A. bacillaris. As I have seen no detached
valves, I have not been able to give a complete description, for which reason this species requires
a more accurate examination.

5. A. arcus Gree. (1854). — Frustule more or less elliptic-rectangular, with broad, truncate
ends. L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,032 to 0,o4 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.,
which are transversely striate. V. narrow, lunate, acute. Median line biarcuate. Strie of equal
number on the dorsal and ventral side, distinctly punctate.

Forma typica Cu. -— Strie of the zone 10, of the valve 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. composed of
moderately coarse puncta. — A. arcus Gree. T. M.S. V. p. 75 Pl If. 37. D. of Clyde p. 522
Pl. XIII f. 88. Icon. n. Pl IV f. 4.

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! Scotland! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Japan, fossil (Brun).

Var. sulcata A. S. (1875). — Striew of the zone 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm., of the valve 14 to 2U
in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta about 25 in 0,01 mm., forming undulate, longitudinal lines.
— A. suleata A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 46, 47.

Marine: Rovigno, Adriatic! Rembang Bay (Deby Coll.)! Barbados (Cl. M. D. N:o 149).

The variety sulcata is akin to A. lineolata but more silicious and connected with the type
by intermediate forms. It cannot be A. suleata Gree. D. of Clyde (p. 523 Pl. XIII f. 92 and 92 5),
which seems to represent some form of A. Grevilleana and has much broader divisions.

6. A. rhombica Kirton (1876). — V. semi-rhomboidal, apiculate. L. 0,13 to 0,26; B. 0,021
to 0,o5 mm. Median line closely approximate to the ventral margin. Strie on the dorsal side 10 to
12 in 0,01 mm., radiate, frequently alternately longer and shorter near the dorsal margin, composed
of elongated puncta, forming undulate, longitudinal lines. Ventral side very narrow, striate;
strie a little closer (11 to 13 in 0,01 mm.) than on the dorsal side. — A. S. Atl. XL f. 39.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Perag.), Island of Rhea! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Sumatra
(Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! China! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

Var. gracilior Cu. — V. in L. 0,11 to 0,14; B. 0,024 mm. Dorsal strie 16 to 17, ventral
18 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Tahiti! Campeachy Bay (Brun Coll.)!

Var intermedia Cu. — L. 0,09 to 0,1; B. 0,017 mm. Dorsal striz 14 and ventral 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Cette (Temp., Perag. Types N:o 447).

7. A. meandrina Cu. N. Sp. — V. lunate, apiculate. L. 0,18; B. 0,035 mm. Central
nodule strong. Median line close to the ventral margin. Dorsal part with about 12 striz in 0,01
mm. composed of distant, elongated puncta, about 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., forming undulate, longi-
tudinal. rows. Ventral part narrow, with 19 to 20 transverse strie in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 14.

Marine: Colon (Deby Coll.)!

128 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

8. A. aspera Perit (1877). — V. semilanceolate. L. 0,057 to 0.085; B. 0,013 to 0,018 mm.
Ventral margin straight, somewhat gibbous in the middle. Central nodule strong. Dorsal side
with 16 striz in 0,01 mm. composed of distant (about 10 in 0,01 mm.) puncta, forming unduiate,
longitudinal lines. Ventral side narrow, finely striate. Striz 22 to 23 in 0,01. mm — D. de Vile
Campbell p. 19 Pl. IV f. 9. Icon. n. Pl. III f. 22. A. wndata Leup. Fort. D. de la Malaisie
p. 11 Pl. IL f. 1 (1899).

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! N. Zealand (Petit).

9. A. groenlandica CL. N. Sp. — V. narrow, lunate, with subacute ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,016
mm. Ventral margin straight. Median line approximate to the ventral margin. Central nodule
not transversely dilated. Strie of the dorsal side 14 (at the ends 15 to 16) in 0,01 mm. composed
of puncta (12 in 0,01 mm.) forming slightly undulating, longitudinal rows. Ventral part with 23
strie in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 1.

Marine: Davis Strait!

10. A. acuta Gree. (1857). -- Frustule subquadrate. Divisions of the zone about 4 in 0,01
mm. finely transversely striate; strie about 21 in 0,01 mm. V. lunate, with arcuate dorsal mar-
gin, straight ventral margin and apiculate ends. L. 0,089 to 0,15; B. 0,03 mm. Central nodule
transversely dilated into a stauros. Striz on the dorsal side 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm., composed of
puncta, about 10 in 0,01 mm., forming undulating, longitudinal rows. Ventral side very narrow,
finely striate; strie about 26 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Clyde p. 524 Pl. XIV f. 93. A.S. Atl.
XXVI f. 19, 20 (21, 22?).

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Morocco! Mediterranean Sea! China!
Magellan’s Strait!

Var. neogena Pant. (1889). — L. 0,084 to 0,092; B. 0,018 to 0,02 mm. Strie 17,5 in 0,01
mm. — Panv. II p. 35.

Marine: Hungary, Bory fossil (Pant.).

Var. arcuata A. S. (1875). — V. with recurved ends. L. 0,06 to 0,15; B. 0,012 to 0,028 mm.
Dorsal strie 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm., composed of distant puncta (about 7 in 0,01 mm.). Ventral
strie very close. — A. arcuata Atl. XXVI f. 27 to 29.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!
Samoa (Atl), Mazatlan (Atl.), Gulf of Mexico (Atl.).

Var. labyrinthica Grun. (1880). — V. in L. 0,1 to 0,18. Dorsal strie 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm.,
composed of distinct puncta (10 in 0,01 mm.) forming undulating lines. Ventral strie 26 in 0,01
mm. — A, labyr. Grun. A. D. p. 25. Icon. n. Pl. IV f. 23.

Marine: Balearic Islands!

In the Diatoms of Clyde Gree. has 1857 figured (p. 521 Pl. XIII f. 87) a form, named
A. nobilis, which: seems to represent an entire frustule of A. acuta.

11. A. micans A. S. (1875). — V. hyaline, with strongly arcuate dorsal margin and straight
ventral margin. Ends apiculate. L. 0,12; B. 0,028 mm. Median line approximate to the ventral
margin. Central nodule dilated into a stauros. Dorsal strie 14 in 0,01 mm., distinctly visible
near the median line, but on the valve broken up into small, scattered puncta, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.
Ventral side very narrow; its striz close, about 26 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XXVI f. 18. Icon. n.
Pl. IV f. 7—9.

Marine: Campeachy Bay (Atl.), Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

12. A. decussata Grun. (1867). — Frustule thin, elliptical with truncate ends, about twice
as long as broad. Zone with numerous divisions. V. lunate with acute ends. L. 0,05 to 0,17;
B. 0,011 to 0,03 mm. Median line close to the ventral margin. Central nodule dilated into a
transverse stauros. Dorsal side with very oblique strie, about 17 in 0,01 mm., turned in opposite
directions from the stauros and crossed by undulating, narrow, transverse blank bands. Ventral

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 129

side very narrow. Its strie 15 in 0,01 mm. — Hedwigia VI p. 23. M. J. 1877 p. 178 Pl. CXCV
f, 9. Ax D. je 25, Icom, n, Pl. TV £ 10.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Adriatic! China! Honduras (Grun.), Barbados!

Var. briocensis Leup. Fort. Ms. — Frustule elliptical, with truncate ends. L. 0,045;
B. 0,02 mm. Zone with about 8 divisions in 0,01 mm. transversely striate; strie 15 in 0,01 mm.
Dorsal oblique strie 21 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. IV f. 11.

Marine: The Eng. Channel (Deby Coll.)!

13. A. Lunula Cu. N. Sp. — V. lunate, with subacute ends and straight ventral margin.
L. 0,13 to 0,15; B. 0,018 to 0,02 mm. Median line straight, not very closely approximate to the
ventral margin. Central nodule transversely dilated into a stauros. Striz on the dorsal side
almost parallel, 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm., composed of distinct puncta, about 13 in 0,01 mm. Ventral
side striate; striz 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. punctate. — PI. IV f. 13.

Marine: Balearic Islands! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

14. A. staurophora (Castr. 18867) Cu. — Frustule hyaline, in outline quadrate to rec-
tangular. V. slightly indented in the middle of the dorsal margin, narrow, with obtuse ends.
L. 0,05 to 0,055; B. 0,01 mm. Median line straight, at some distance from the ventral margin.
Central nodule dilated to a transverse stauros. Strie delicate, punctate, about 20 in 0,01 mm. —
A. sp. A. S. Atl. XXV f. 85, 86. A. staurophora Castr. Voyage Challenger p. 20 Pl. XXVII f. 6?
Teon. n. Pl. IV f. 33, 34.

Marine: Davis Straits (Atl.), North Sea (Atl.), Morocco! Balearic Islands! Pensacola!

This form is only imperfectly known and requires further investigations.

15. A. ostrearia Bris. (1849). — Frustule silicious, in outline elliptical to quadrate, or
rectangular. Zone with numerous divisions, 3 to 9 in 0,01 mm., distinctly striate. V. of various
apparent shapes, depending on its positions. L. 0,03 to 0,17; B. 0,005 to 0,o2 mm. Median line
biareuate. Central nodule transversely dilated to a stauros. Dorsal and ventral side with about
equinumerous, distinctly punctate striz, 10 to 17 in 0,01 mm.

A. ostrearia is very variable in size and in the number of strie. ‘The valves have very
different shapes in different positions, and for these reasons a large number of forms have been,
often in a very incomplete manner, described or figured as distinct species.

Var. vitrea Cu. (1868). — L. of frustule 0,086 to 0,1; B. 0,068 mm. Zone with 4 to 5 divi-
sions in 0,01 mm. its striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. Strie on the dorsal and ventral side 9 to 10
in 0,01 mm. composed of puncta, about 10 in 0,01 mm. — A. vitrea Ct. Svenska och N. D. p. 237
Pl. IV f. 5. A. S. Atl XXVI f. 25. A. Nova Caledonica Grun. A. S. Atl. XXVI f. 16 (1875).
A. Porcellus Kirton A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 15 to17. A. Treubii Levp. Forrm. D. de la Malaisie
p. 11 PL If. 7 (1892)?

Marine: Spitsbergen! Bohuslén! Mediterranean Sea! Labuan! Japan (Atl.), New Caledonia
(Atl.), West Indies!

Var. typica Cu. — Frustule 0,035 to 0,08 mm. in length and 0,02 to 0,06 mm. in breadth.
Zone with 3 to 5 divisions in 0,01 mm. Its strie about 13 in 0,01 mm. Strie of the valve 11
to 13 in 0,01 mm.; their puncta about 12 in 0,01 mm. — A. ostrearia Kirz Sp. Alg. p. 94. Grun.
A. D. p. 25. A. S. Atl XXVI f. 23. V. H. Syn. p. 55 Pl If 25. A. membranacea W. Sm.
B. D. I p. 20 Pl. II f. 29 1853 (strie are stated to be 31 in 0,01 mm., but are distinct on the
figure at an enlargement of 400 only). A. quadrata Bris. Kitz Sp. Alg. p. 95 (1849)? A. elegans
Gree. T. M. S. V p. 70 Pl. I f. 30 (1857)? A. litoralis Donx. T. M.S. VI p. 30 PL. Ef, i
(1858). .A. Petitii Temp. and Brun D. foss. du Japon p. 15 Pl. IX f. 16 (1889). A. Nova Caledo-
nica Pant. III Pl. XV f. 227 (1893).

Marine: Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Sumatra! Labuan! China (Deby Coll.)!
Japan (Brun. Coll.)!

K, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. N:o 3. 17

130 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. lineata Cu. — L. of V. 0,085; B. 0,015 mm. Strize 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm., composed of
puncta (about 9 in 0,01 mm.) forming straight, longitudinal rows. — A. litoralis Cu. M. D. N:o 255.

Marine: Mouth of Somme!

Var. minor GrRuN. (1880). — Frustule elliptical, truncate. L. 0,03 to 0,037; B. 0,017 to
0,019 mm. Divisions about 8 in 0,01 mm. Striz 17 in 0,o1 mm. — A. D. p. 25. Cu. M. D. N:o 142.

Marine: West coast of Sweden!

Var. belgica Grun. (1880). — Frustule rectangular. L. 0,033 to 0,048; B. 0,021 to 0,022
mm. Divisions of the zone about 9 in 0,01 mm. Stria on the zone 18 in 0,01 mm. Valve with
16 to 17 finely punctate strive in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. p. 56 V. H. T. Nio 74.

Marine: Belgium!

16. A. levis Gree. (1857). — Frustule hyaline and membranaceous, rectangular, with more
or less truncate ends. L. 0,04 to 0v9; B. 0,02 to 0,04 mm. Zone with numerous divisions, 6 to
9 in 0,01 mm. Strie fine, about 22 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Clyde p. 514 Pl. XII f. 74 a, }, ¢.
A. 8S. Atl. XXVI f. 10. Grun. A. D. p. 24 Pl. If. 8 (var of A. ostrearia?). Danner. D. of the
Baltic p. 20 Pl. I f. 5.

Brackish and marine: Finmark! North Sea! Balearic Islands! Java (A. 8. Atl.).

A. levis differs from A. ostrearia by being more transparent and thin. The striz are much
more delicate, and scarcely visible on the connecting zone. In some specimens the stauros is only
imperfectly developed, in which case A levis offers a remarkable likeness to A. lineolata. Akin
to A. levis is probably A. nobilis Fier, Pommerania Exp. p. 88 f. 9.

Var. levissima Grea. (1857). — F. very thin. L. 0,06 to 0,076; B. 0,023 mm. Divisions
of the zone obscure. Striz 27 to 28 in 0,01 mm. — A. levissima Grue. D. of Clyde p. 513 Pl XII
i492. AS. AGL, MVE £3, 18, 14. Vo. 1. Neo 8.

Brackish and marine: Sea of Kara! Finmark! Scotland! England!

Var. minuta Cu. — Frustule in L. about 0,035; B. 0,02 mm. Strie very delicate. —
A, levissima H. L. Sm. T. N:o 615.

Marine: Helgoland!

Var. perminuta Grun. — Frustule in L. 0,016 to 0,018; B. 0,o085 mm. Strie very delicate.
— A. leviss. var. permin. Grun. in V. H. T. Nio 9. A. hians FiieEL? (Grun.).

Marine: Swansea Docks, Schleswig (Grun.).

To A. levis seems to belong A. excisa Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 521 Pl. XIII f. 86, 1857) and
A. 8S. Atl XXXIX f. 3.

17. A. quadrata Bris. (1889). — Frustule very thin and membranaceous, rectangular, with
broad, truncate ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,03 mm. Stauros narrow. Zone with numerous, strongly
marked divisions, about 6 in 0,01 mm. Strie exceedingly fine. -- Ktrz Sp. Alg. p. 94? V. H.
Syn. p. 56 Pl. I f. 24. A. parallela Fiéaun Pommerania Exp. p. 88 f. 8 (1873)? A. polyzonata
Castr. D. of Challenger Exp. p. 8 Pl. XXVIT f. 18 (1856)?

Marine: Belgium (V. H.), Sweden, Fiskebackskil!

This species is remarkable for its cell-contents, the chromatophores being numerous rounded
discs, as in the coccochromatic diatoms. It differs from A. ostrearia in its rectangular outline
and exceedingly fine structure, and from A. levis in its strongly marked divisions.

Subgenus Amblyamphora.

Frustule more or less rectangular. Connecting zone complex. Valves linear to lunate, with
obtuse, usually broad ends. Components of the median line divergent towards the dorsal margin.
Axial and central areas indistinct. Structure: fine puncta arranged in transverse striz, which
on the ventral side usually diverge towards the median line. No longitudinal lines.

¢
KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. y:o 3. 131
The forms comprised in this subgenus agree in all respects, except in the complex nature

of the zone, with Psammamphora, for which reason it is impossible to decide whether detached
valves belong to one or other of the subgenera.

Artificial key.

1 igh on the dorsal side furcate ... 2. 0 1. eee ee A. spectabilis. GREG.
: — — Se NOG SA A ak Se ey a edhe Say he eae a 2.
9. fee PEMLORM:- Go: sic ace Re eth Kenia de lay BD ee ailay a A. obesa Cu. a. GROVE.
ah UINEOR 4. lao a eA Dag A Gow. Go a eS pow: ge ee ap 8b
3 i about 20 times longer than broad. .......... .... <A. infleca Bris.
: SIG HON eet SS ee USP aie Wath H ah lalate oh He eda A. obtusa GREe.
1. A. inflexa Bres. (1849). — Frustule linear, elongated, with truncate ends. Connecting

zone with close and fine divisions. V. arcuate, linear, with rounded ends. UL. 0,13; B. 0,007 mm.
Median line more approximate to the dorsal than to the ventral margin. Central nodule elongated.
No areas. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. parallel, convergent at the ends, where they are closer, very
finely punctate. — Amphipleura infleca Bris., Kt1z Sp. Alg. p. 88. Amphora infleca H. L. Sm.
Lens It p. 78 Pl. II f. 16 (1873). Okedenta inflera Evtenst. Ms. Ci. M. D. N:o 192 (1879).
V. H. T. N:o 167.

Marine (pelagic): Firth of Tay! Adriatic!

The fig. in The Lens does not give any idea of the appearance of this isolated and strange
form. The complex nature of the zone is very difficult to discover, and I am indebted to Prof.
Van Hevurcx for photographs of specimens, mounted in realgar, which shew it pretty well.

2, A. obtusa Gree. (1857). — Frustule in outline elliptic-rectangular, somewhat more than
twice as long as broad. V. linear, obliquely rounded. L. 0,065 to 0,26; B. 0,01 to 0,035 mm.
Median line not dilated to a stauros. Striz 11 to 20 in 0,01 mm.

Forma typica Cu. — L. of valve 0,075 to 0,14; B. 0,035 to 0,o5 mm. Dorsal and ventral
strie 18 to 20 in 0,01 mm., composed of puncta, 15 to 24 in 0,01 mm. — A. obtusa Grec. T. M.
S. V p. 72 Pl. I f. 34 A. 8S Atl XL f. 4 to 7, 11 to 13. Amphiprora maxima Ras. Jan.
Honduras D. p. 3 Pl. IL f. 4 (1862). Toxonidea levis Wirt J. Mus. Godeff. p. 70 Pl. VIII f. 9
(1873). Amphora permagna Pant. II p. 38 Pl. VI f. 113 (1889).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Black Sea! Red Sea! Seychelles! Mada-
gascar! Labuan! Celebes! China! Cape May! North Carolina! West Indies! Campeachy Bay! Mexico!
Porto Seguro! Fossil: Hungary, Czekehaza! Oamaru (Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm.).

Forma minuta Cu. — Frustule 0,063 in length and in breadth 0,03. 3B. of the valve 0,03
mm. Strie 25 in 0,01 mm.; puncta about 21 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

Var. oceanica Castr. (1886). — V. in L. 0,13 to 0,26; in B. 0,028 to 0,035 mm. Strie 15
in 0,01 mm., composed of puncta, about 15 in 0,01 mm., which form undulating, longitudinal rows.
— A. oceanica Castr. Challenger Exp. D. p. 20 Pl. XXVII f. 20. A. fallax Temp. et Brun D.
du Japon p. 14 Pl. VII f. 13 (1889). A. cyclops Luup. Forrm. D. de Ceylon Pl. VIII f. 82 (1879)?

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Deby Coll.)! Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Sumatra (V. H. Coll.)!
China (Deby Coll.)! Sydney (Castr.), Japan, fossil (Temp. a. Brun).

Var. Lunyacsekii Pant. (1889). — L. 0,129; B. 0,028 mm. Strie 9 to 9,5 in 0,01 mm. —
A. Lun. Pant. II p. 38; III Pl. XXXV f. 498.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. transfuga Cu. — V. in L. 0,18 and B. 0,023 mm. Striz 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm.; puncta
19 in 0,01 mm. — Amphora obtusa A. S. Atl. XL f. 16, 17?

Marine: Madagascar! Macassar Straits!

132 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Radula Cu. — V. in L. 0,14, in B. 0,021 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm.; puncta 9
in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Petit and Deby Coll.)!

3. A. spectabilis Gree. (1857). — Frustule elliptic-rectangular. L. 0,14; B. 0,05 mm.
Zone finely transversely striate; strie about 12 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. V. narrow. L. 0,07
to 0,14; B. 0,02 mm. linear, with obliquely rounded ends. Strize on the dorsal side of the valve
5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., furcate, composed of coarse puncta, about 14 in 0,01 mm. Striz on the ventral
part 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — D. of Clyde p. 516 Pl. XIII f. 80 a and ec. A. 8. Atl. XL f. 18 to 23.
A. furcata Leup. Fort. D. de Ceylon p. 20 Pl. I f. 11 (1879).

Marine: North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Ceylon! Borneo! Seychelles! Madagascar! China!
Samoa! West Indies! Davis Straits! Macassar Straits!

The description of this species in D. of Clyde agrees very well with this species, as do also

the fig. a and d, but b and c belong probably to another species and fig. e seems to represent
A. obtusa.

4. A. obesa Cu. and Grove (1892). — V. with almost semicircular dorsal, and straight
ventral margins, and obtuse, broad ends. L. 0,09 to 0,167; B. 0,03 to 0,o7 mm. Components of
the median line divergent from the central nodule at an angle of about 140°. Striz 9,5 in 0,01
mm., curved and composed of puncta, about 8 in 0,01 mm. Ventral strie divergent on the portion
between the central and terminal nodules. — Diatomiste I p. 157 Pl. XXII f. 8.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

Of this curious form valves only are known at present, so it cannot be decided whether it
belongs to Amblyamphora or Psammamphora, but as the striz are coarse, I believe it is more
nearly related to A. obtusa than to A. arenaria.

Subgenus Psammamphora CL.

Frustule more or less rectangular. Connecting zone not complex. Median line arcuate.
Central nodule frequently transversely dilated to a stauros. No axial or central areas. No longi-
tudinal lines. Structure fine puncta disposed in transverse rows or striz on the dorsal and ventral
side of the valve.

This subgenus, named after one of the typical species, A. arenaria Donk., comprises forms
with or without stauros, which is no characteristic of generic value. It is well defined, and closely
analogous to the subg. Amblyamphora, the zone of which is complex.

Among the Naviculas the group Stauroneis, and the non-complex Microstigmatice are pro-
bably in near relation to this section.

Artificial key.

L ae nodule dilated to a stauros 2 ww we ee ee Oe BL we Bog TRE
— not — — = ket Re Se ee Rae ee ee a oe 4,
Puncta ial in decussating striae .... . 7... A. Pleurosigma Temp. a. Brun.
2. \- — transverse — ...... ms a weil", din -Selek od . 4
indistinct . 2... . See ee ee OAL hians FuocEn.
Marine species . Be uh ; PR Peiko dai Ok waa e A. ocellata Donk.
Peek Water Species 2 60 Go Gee a a .. .A. delphinea A. 8.
Marine: Species: 2 on aiwe oe ce hd HR a a em Gclavics née ere Wee StS 5.
at water species . a 22 Gee PR RE HA oe . . A. Berggrenii Cu.
5. co not inflated or with a single median inflation .... .. . A. arenaria Donk.
with two median inflations. ©... 00. we ee ee A. biggibosa Cu.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wn:zo 3. 133

1. A. biggibosa Cu. N. Sp. — V. with two gibbosities on the middle of the dorsal side.
L. 0,1; B. 0,016 mm. Central nodule not dilated into a stauros. Striz 18 in 0,01 mm., punctate;
puncta 20 in 0,01 mm. — A. sp. A. S. Atl. XL f. 14.

Marine: Gulf of Naples (Brun Coll.)! Gulf of Mexico (A. S. Atl).

I have not seen entire frustules, so I cannot decide whether this species really belongs to
the section Psammamphora or Amblyamphora. To judge from the fig. in Atl., which represents
an entire frustule, the zone is not complex, and in such case this species is akin to A. arenaria.

2. A. arenaria Donk. (1853). — Frustule hyaline, rectangular. L. 0,1 to 0,15; B. 0,04 mm.
V. linear, with broad ventral side. Strie very fine, 24 to 27 in 0,01 mm. parallel.

Forma typica. -- Frustule with rounded angles and somewhat gibbous middle. L. 0,1 to
0,15; B. 0,04 mm. Strive 27 in 0,01 mm. — A. arenaria Don. T. M.S. VI p. 81 Pl. III f. 16.
A. 8. Atl XL f. 8, 9, 10,12. V. H. T. Noo 13. H. L. Sm. I Neo 30.

Marine (estuaries): North Sea! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. Donkinii Raza. (1864). — Frustule elliptic-rectangular to rectangular. L. 0,076 to 0,1;
B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. Strive 24 to 25 in 0,01 mm. — A. lineolata Donx. Q. M. J I. N.S. p. 12
PL. I f. 13 (1861). A. Donkinii Rasy. F. E. A. p. 96.

Marine estuaries: North Sea! Cape May!

Var. Rattrayi Cu. (1882). — Frustule rectangular, with truncate ends. L. 0,035 to U,o4;
B. 0,015 to 0,017 mm. Striz extremely fine. — A. Rattrayi Cu. M. D. N:o 310.

Marine: Mstuaries: Scotland! Belgium!

3. A. ocellata Donk. (1861). — Frustule rectangular. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,028 to 0,035
mm. Valve in breadth 0,05 mm. linear. Central nodule on the dorsal side dilated into a stauros.
Terminal fissures small. Strie 17 to 21 in 0,01 mm. punctate. Ventral side as broad as the
dorsal, finely striate. Strie in the middle between the central nodule and the ends divergent
towards the median line.

Var. typica Cu. — L. 0,06 to 0,09 mm. Striz 21 in 0,01 mm. composed of puncta, about
24 in 0,01 mm. — A. ocell. Donx. Q. M. J. N.S. I p. 11 Pl If. 11. V. H. Syn. p. 56 Pl. If. 26.

Marine: Coasts of Sweden! Belgium! England! Adriatic!

Var. cingulata Cu. (1878). — L. 0,085 to 0,12; B. 0,015 mm. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm.; puncta
20 in 0,01 mm. — A. cingulata Cu. D. W. Ind. Arch. p. 9 Pl. III f. 15. A. 8S. Atl. XXVI f. 17.
Jeon. n. Pl. IIT f. 39.

Marine: Gulf of Mexico! Pensacola! West Indies! N. Carolina!

Var.? interrupta Pant. (1886). — V. more lunate. L. 0,079; B. 0,013 mm. Striz 20 in
0,01 mm. — A. (ostrearia?) interrupta Pant. I p. 21 Pl. XV f. 134.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

As entire frustules have not been seen, it is doubtful whether this form really’ belongs to
A. ocellata. A very similar valve in Van Huvurck’s Coll. from Sumatra has 17 striz and 17 puncta
in 0,01 mm.

Var.? oamaruensis Cu. -- V. in L. 0,18; B. 0,o26 mm. Stauros obscure. Transverse strize
16, puncta 14 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Oamaru (Grove Coll.)!

As A. staurophora Dannretpt (Baltic D. p. 20 Pl. I f. 9) has described a very small Amphora
(only 0,014 mm. in length), which seems to belong to this section, but having had no opportunity
of examining it, I am unable to decide about its affinities.

4. A. Pleurosigma Temp. and Brun (1889). — Frustule thin and flat, rectangular, with
rounded angles. L. 0,12 to 0,16; B. 0,042 mm. V. in breadth about 0,02 mm. Ventral side ap-
pearently broader than the dorsal. Central nodule dilated to a stauros. Structure, fine puncta
disposed in lines crossing each other in the angle of 65°. — D. Foss. du Japon p. 15 Pl. VIL f. 8.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Br. et Temp.).

134 Vv. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

5. A. delphinea (Bar. 1861?) A. 8. Atl. (1876). — Frustule silicious, broadly elliptic-rec-
tangular, frequently gibbous in the middle. L. 0,076 to 0,12; B. 0,05 to U,o68 mm. Valve linear
to lunate, with obliquely rounded ends. Central nodule dilated to a stauros. Terminal fissures
deep. Striz 27 to 28 in 0,01 mm., on the dorsal side parallel, on the ventral divergent towards
the median line. — Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII Pl. I f. 1 (fide H. L.Sm.). A. 8S. Atl. XL f. 26, 27.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

Var. minor Cu. — V. in L. 0,06; B. 0,012 mm. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. — A.S. Atl. XL f. 25.

Fresh water: North America, Crane Pond! Demerara River!

Var. jamalinensis Cu. a. Grun. (1880). — V. more linear, with gibbous middle. 1. 0,048 to
0,057; B. 0,01 to 0,o11 mm. Strie very fine. — A. ocellata var. jamal. A. D. p. 24 Pl. If. 6.
A. §. Atl XL f. 24?

Brackish water: Sea of Kara! Pensacola (Atl.)?

It is difficult to find any specific distinction between this species and A. ocellata. Yet they
cannot be regarded as the same species. A. ocellata is thinner, has somewhat coarser striw, and

less deeply impressed terminal fissures. Moreover A. delphinea is a freshwater form and A.
ocellata marine.

6. A. Berggrenii Cx. (1878). — Frustule silicious, subrectangular with rounded ends.
L. 0,065; B. 0,025 mm. Median line with distant median pores; its terminal fissures deep and
flexuose. Central nodule not dilated into a stauros. Dorsal striz parallel, 17 in 0,01 mm., ventral
striz divergent towards the median line. — Cu. a. M. D. Nio 90. Cu. N. R.D. p. 4 PLIf. 3
(1881). H. L. Su. T. N:o 610.

Fresh water: New Zealand, Arthur’s Pass, foss.!

This remarkable species is evidently akin to A. delphinea, although its central nodule is
not dilated to a stauros.

7. A. hians Friern (1873). — Frustule elliptical, in the middle slightly constricted, with
truncate ends. L. 0,045; B. 0,o15 mm. V. narrow with slightly reflexed ends. Central nodule a
transverse stauros. Strie not seen. — Pommerania Exp. p. 88 f. 7.

Marine: Knarrhii, Kattegat (Flégel).

Subgenus Cymbamphora.

Valve narrow elongated, semilanceolate, gradually tapering from
the middle to the acute or subacute ends. Median line straight, approxi-
mate to the ventral margin. Striw not crossed by longitudinal lines.
Connecting zone without divisions. — Living specimens of A. angusta
var. ventricosa have a chromatophore-plate along the ventral side of the
connecting zone. Another plate occurs on the dorsal side. Both are
deeply constricted in the middle.

This subgenus, in which the valves have a considerable likeness
to some Cymbellee, comprises marine forms only, so closely connected that
A. angusta var. ventricosa many of the reputed species differ in nothing but the number of striz,

me aa "mes size of the valve, and such trifling characteristics.

Artificial hey of species

Strie very fine 20 or more in 0,01 mm... 1 2. ee ee 2.
” { — coarser less than 20 in 001 mm... 1... . 2... ee . 38
9 (aa short, narrow elliptical ©... 2... ee ee A. cymbelloides Guun.
, _ very elongated, linear. © 2 1. et ee ee A. arcia A. S.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. wn:o 3. 135

3 ae distinctly punctate... 2... 2.2. ee eee - .. . A. magellanica Per.
: => “not: distinctly punctate: «60605 gone ee Soe a Sw 8 ey ae ae 4.
4 Nese area distinct... ... portage OP ay A. angusta Cu.
, — — not distinct. .. — Gr: Ban «Gk caldnta ies ar eanes 5.
5 pee line straight. . ... eA ibe Ste, Sh ode ge tna ade A. euanbiion mis CL.
ca — — slightly biarcuate ... go. nae te he fee HE 8 . .A. bituminosa Pant.
1. A. angusta (Gree. 1857) Cu. — V. narrow, semilanceolate, acute or subacute. L. 0,04 to

0,13; B. 0,005 to 0,018 mm. Median line straight, parallel and approximate to the ventral margin.
Axial area distinct and frequently moderately broad on the dorsal side, indistinct or small on
the ventral side. Strie 7 to 17 in 0,01 mm., not distinctly punctate. Both the dorsal and the
ventral sides of the valve are striate.

This species comprises a number of forms.

Var. typica Cy. — B. of the frustule 0,01. L. of the valve 0,05 to 0,055; B. 0,005 to
Qoo7 mm. Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. — A. angusta Gree. D. of Clyde p. 510 Pl. XIT f. 66.
A. angusta var. gracilenta Gruy. A. S. Atl XXV f. 15. A. Eulensteinii var. fossilis Pant. 1889 II
p. 36 Pl. I f. 3, Pl III f. 49. Cymbella marina Caste. Chall. Exp. D. p. 31. Pl. XXVII f. 13?

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Quincy, Massachusetts! Czekehaza,
Hungary (fossil)! Jamaica (Grove Coll.).

The figure of A. angusta in Diat. of the Clyde is not sufficient for identification without
original specimens, but as in the description is stated that it has 17 to 18 strie in 0,01 mm. I
think that A. angusta Grea. may denote this form. A. Eulensteinii var. fossilis is described as
having 20 to 22,5 strie in 0,01 mm. I found 18 only in specimens from Czekehaza. Cymbella
marina CastR. may be this or another form of A. angusta, it is impossible to decide which from
the figure and the description.

Var. oblongella Grun. (1878). — Frustule in breadth 0,008 to 0,013. V.in L. 0,032 to 0,068;
B. 0,006 to 0,01 mm. Striz 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. — A. oblongella Grun. Casp. Sea D. p. 7 Pl. IV
f. 20. A. exigua Grea. D. of Clyde p. 514 Pl. IV f. 75? A. angusta var. arctica Grun. A. D.
p- 24 Pl. I f. 9 (1880). A. lanceolata var. minor Cu. Vega p. 462 (1883).

Marine and brackish: Sweden (Bohuslin)! Firth of Tay! East cape! Behrings Island! Ba-
learic Islands! Caspian Sea (Grun.), Campeachy Bay! Pensacola! Honolulu!

A. exigua Gree. may be this form although the strie are stated to be 11 in 0,01 mm.,
but it is impossible to decide without original specimens.

Var. Eulensteinii Grun. (1875). — L. of the valve 0,08 to 0,121; B. 0,016 to 0,02 mm. Striz
11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. somewhat closer on the ventral side, or about 14 in 0,01 mm. — A. Hulen-
steimt A. S. Atl. XXV f. 1 to 8; XL f. 35 to 37.

Marine: China! Japan! Govans Bay; Raised March; Leton Bank (Atl.), Cape May!

Var. diducta A. S. (1875). — V. gibbous in the middle. L. 0,082; B. 0,015 mm. Dorsal
strie 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — A. did. A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 13. A. cymbelloides var. latior Grun.
Atl. XXV f. 8.

Marine: Java, Japan (Atl.).

Var. ventricosa Gree. (1857). — V. in L. 0,059 to 0,13; B. 0,013 to 0,018 mm. Dorsal strize
8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., ventral somewhat closer. — A. ventricosa Gree. D. of Clyde p. 511 Pl. XII
f. 68. A. lanceolata Cu. D. from Spitsb. p. 667 Pl. XXIII f. 2 (1864). Cymbella criophila Casrr.
Chall. Exp. D. p. 21 Pl. XXVII f. 5 1886 (strie distinctly punctate)? Cymbella marina Pant. IT]
Pl. XIX f. 274?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! Finmark! Coasts of Scotland, Norway and
Bohuslan! Adriatic! Bab el Mandeb! Monterey (Atl. XXV f. 6).

The fig. in Diat. of the Clyde is insufficient for identification, still I have little doubt that
Gregory denotes this form. An intermediate form between Var. ventricosa et Var. Eulensteinia
is fig. 5 Pl XXV in A.S Atl.

136 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. incurvata Brun (1891). Valve arcuate. L. 0,1 to 0,13; B. 0,011 mm. Striz 6 in 0,01
mm. — A. lanceolata var. incr. Brun D. espéces n. p. 8 Pl. XII f. 3.

Marine: Japan! Western Africa (Brun).

Var. zebrina A. 8. (1875). — V. gibbous in the middle. L. 0,075; B. 0,oo9 mm. Strie 6
(dorsal) to 7 (ventral) in 0,01 mm. — A. zebrina A. S. Atl XXV f. 11.

Marine: Baltjik Dept. (Atl.).

2. A. cymbiformis Ci. N. Sp. — V. semilanceolate, acute. L. 0,045 to 0,07; B. 0,007 to
0,013 mm. Axial area indistinct. Strie 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. Pl. XXV f. 9.
Marine: Port Jackson! Labuan!

3. A, eymbelloides Grun. (1867). — Hyaline. L. of the frustule 0,038 to 0,084; B. of the
frustule 0,011 to 0,013, of the valve 0,008 to 0,011 mm. Striz very fine, 29 in 0,01 mm. or more.
— Hedw. 1867, VI p. 24. A. angusta var. minuta Grun. A. 8. Atl. XXVI f. 65, 66. Danner.
Baltic D. Pl. I f. 102 A. angusta var. glaberrima Grun. A. 8. Atl. XXVI f. 61, 62.

Marine: Seychelles! Honduras (Grun.), Barbados!

The original A. cymbelloides of Grunow is a very delicately striate form, of which the
author several years ago sent me a sketch, agreeing with A. angusta var. minuta, or var. glaberrima
in A. 8. Atl. More coarsely striate forms have since been published as A. cymbelloides (Atl. XXV
f. 8, 14) which belong to A. angusta. The var. mauritiana Groun. (Hedwigia |. c. p. 25) cannot
belong to the same species as it has a longitudinal line across the striz.

4. A. areta A. S. (1875). — Hyaline. Frustule almost linear with truncate ends. L. 0,094;
B. 0,012 mm. Striee delicate. — Atl. XXVI f. 63.
Marine: Australia, Port Lincoln (Atl.).

5. A. magellanica Prerrr (1888). — V. semilanceolate, acute. IL. 0,061 to 0,063; B. 0,01 to
0,011 mm. Median line straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Axial area indistinct; central
small, rounded. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. — D. de Cape Horn p. 119 Pl. X f. 14.
A. 8. Atl. XXV f. 4 (no name).

Marine: Magellan’s Straits!

6. A. bituminosa Panr. (1889). — Frustule elongated, elliptical. L. 0,016 to 0,043; B. 0,012
to 0,o14 mm. Median line approximate to the ventral margin, slightly biarcuate. Axial and
central areas indistinct. Striz 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate and not interrupted
or crossed by a longitudinal line. Connecting zone not complex. — Pawnr. II p. 35 Pl. I f. 1,
Pl. EL 4.23:

Brackish water: Szardoc, Hungary, fossil!

It is doubtful whether this species be correctly placed in this subgenus or in the subgenus
Amphora, as the median line is not perfectly straight.

Subgenus Calamphora Ct.

Frustule rectangular, with more or less rounded ends. Zone complex, with more or less
numerous, transversely striate or costate divisions. Valves linear, obtuse, or with obliquely
rounded ends. Median line biarcuate, not closely approximate to the ventral margin. Dorsal side
with transverse striz, not crossed by a longitudinal line. Ventral side structureless, but with
a longitudinal line.

This subgenus comprises complex forms, the dorsal strie of which are not crossed by a
keel or line. From Halamphora and Oxyamphora they differ by the broader ventral side, which
has a longitudinal line, and by the non-protracted or non-rostrate ends.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. n:o 3. 137

Artificial key.

L ea 0:03: tor 0,08: Mit. a eg ee eR ea SG Se ee goa Rae A. pusilla Cu.
Is; O85 to-Oo1S Mme ak Re a a a he 2.
9, a nodule stauroid . . ere aes . . . A. sendaiana Bron.
— not — Shh pote, ee Hearne ae oe Bees eo le! Be
3. ee constricted in the middle. ........ 2.000 eee enue D.
not — — _— Pa Oe eee ee ae eye ee oar BS dase San AL
‘A: io Srto 9 in 00a Mi: Seek BR Si Go whee ie x A. formosa Cu.
5to6 — ar ae wlualeg: Gath ets @, eee taklds A. Scala Cu. a. GRovE.
Slightly constricted .. ........ ; BRD RC AR cee eta 6.
5. Strongly 9 a ie bee ane eee Bae Redeem ae ae Ve ket 7.
Triconstricted . ......... wie Sd "i A. dorsalis Cu. a. GRove.
6. anak with a hyaline wing... . ee a ee ee . A. limbata Cu. a. Grove.
without — Be eee ah olay | Cer deainiete CaO See ches Bi vig Se wa ae A. Grovei Cu.
7. eae 8in 01 mm............048. ee? . A. Camelus Ci. a. GROVE.
ca phe bb ee RAR! ty Ga tty i ee ee ae ee A. biconvexa Jan.

1. A. pusilla (Gree. 1857?) Ct. — Frustule linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,032
to 0,053; B. 0,01 to 0,o2 mm. V. with obtuse and gibbous ends. Median line biarcuate, at some
distance from the ventral margin. Dorsal side striate; strize 12 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punc-

tate. Ventral side not striate. — D. of Clyde p. 525 Pl. XIV f. 95? Diatomiste I p. 159
Pl. XXIII f. 3, 4.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

It is doubtful what A. pusilla Gree. may denote. It is described as having coarser striz
(9 in 0,01 mm.) than A. bacillaris Grua., to which it otherwise bears a considerable resemblance.
There is some doubt about the exact position of this little form, as the ventral side of the valve
has, so far as I have hitherto seen, no distinct longitudinal line.

2. A. Camelus Cx. and Grove (1892). — Frustule of rectangular outline. L. 0,073; B. 0,035
mm. Zone with a number of longitudinal divisions (2 in 0,01 mm.) transversely striate; strize 9
in 0,01 mm. V. with slightly arcuate median line and the dorsal margin sinuose in the middle.
Ends capitate. Dorsal side with 8 striz in 0,01 mm. -— Diatomiste I p. 158 Pl. XXII f. 9 to 12.
Marine: Macassar Straits!

3. <A. biconvexa Jan. 1875. — V. with straight ventral margin. Dorsal margin sinuose in
the middle, and with rostrate-truncate or capitate ends. L. 0,1 to 0,14; B. 0,017 to 0,025 mm.
Median line straight, approximate to the ventral margin. Dorsal striz 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm. alter-
nating with single rows of obscure puncta, about 18 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side without stria. —
A. 8. Atl XXV f. 68.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Nossibé (Brun Coll.)! Carpentaria Bay (Atl.).

This form, of which valves only have been observed, is still imperfectly known, and its
place in the system is consequently not well established. The median strie of the dorsal side are
often approximate, giving the appearance of a stauros.

4. A. dorsalis Cu. and Grove (1892). — Frustule rectangular. L. 0,09; B. 0,03 mm. Zone
with a number of longitudinal divisions (about 3 in 0,01 mm.) transversely and coarsely striate;
V. with capitate ends and quadri-undulated dorsal margin. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste I
p. 158 Pl. XXII f. 13 to 15.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

This species seems to be akin to A. undulata Grey. (Ed. N. Phil. J. XVII p. 182 f. 3 1863)
from Queensland. The latter has however much coarser strie and a not complex zone.

5. A. limbata Cu. and Grove (1892). — Frustule in outline rectangular, slightly constricted
in the middle. L. 0,045 to 0,075; B. 0,02 to 0,035 mm. Zone with several long vedinat divisions
Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. No 3. : 18

138 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

(5 to 8 in 0,01 mm.), coarsely, transversely striate; striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. On both sides of
the longitudinal margins is a broad hyaline limbus. V. narrow, linear, with broad capitate ends.
Median line slightly biarcuate. Dorsal side with 8 striae in 0,01 mm., coarsely but obscurely
punctate. Ventral side without strie, and with a longitudinal line close to the median line. —
Diatomiste I p. 159 Pl. XXIII f. 1, 2.

Marine: Norway, Grip! Morocco! Balearic Islands! Macassar Straits! Galapagos Islands!

The frustule has a considerable resemblance to A. exsecta Grun., but the valves are diffe-
rent. A. limpida Jay. (A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 8) is probably allied with this species, or is perhaps
a small variety of it, but the figure it not sufficient for identification.

6. A. sendaiana Brun (1891). — V. linear with obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,19; B. 0,02
mm. Median line biareuate. Central nodule strong, dilated on the dorsal side to a stauros. Dorsal
side with 11, finely punctate strie in 0,01 mm. Ventral side without strie, and with a longitu-
dinal line. — D. espéces nov. p. 9 Pl. XII f. 1.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

According to Prof. Brun there is a line across the strie, which I have not noted in an
original specimen, sent by him. If this line be not the margin of the frustule, and really crosses
the strie, this species may be removed from this group and placed in Diplamphora.

7. <A. Grovei Cr. (1892). — Frustule, of rectangular outline, gibbous on the back. L. 0,105;
B. 0,05 mm. Zone with several divisions, transversely striate; strie 18 in 0,01 mm. V. linear,
with gibbous dorsal margin and broad ends. L. 0,10 to 0,12; B. 0,015 mm. Striz on the dorsal
side 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. Ventral side not striate and with a longitudinal line.
— Diatomiste I p. 158 Pl. XXIT f. 16, 17.

Marine: Seychelles! Java! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! China! Macassar Straits!

8. A. formosa Cx. (1875). — Frustule rectangular with rounded angles. L. 0,14; B. 0,07
mm. Zone with few, broad divisions, about 12 in 0,01 mm., finely transversely striate; striz 8 to
9 in 0,01 mm. V. linear with obliquely rounded, spathulate, or clavate ends, according to the
position of the valve. L. 0,09 to 0,2; B. 0,025 to 0,035 mm. Median line biarcuate. Dorsal side
with 8 to 9 costate strie in 0,01 mm., alternating with more or less distinct puncta, 15 to 18
in 0,01 mm. Ventral side structureless, with a longitudinal line. — A. 8S. Atl. XXVIII f. 34,
XXXIX f. 2. A. Studert Janiscn A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 1 (1876).

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands, Gulf of Naples)! Madagascar (Kinker Coll.)!
Ceylon (Colombo, Le Tourneur Coll.)! Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Singapore! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!
Macassar Straits! Galapagos Islands! Colon (Deby Coll.)! Fossil: S:ta Monica, Calif.

Var. minuta Cu. — L. of the frustule 0,085; B. 0,045 mm. Coste 9 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits! Bahia (Deby Coll.)!

The valves of this very large and beautiful diatom have a very different shape according
to the position. A. Petite Leup. Forrm. (De de la Malaisie p. 10 Pl. I f. 3) may be a small form
of this species, which I am unable to decide without original specimens.

9. A. Seala Cu. and Grove (1892). — Frustule of rectangular outline, with slightly concave
sides and rounded ends. L. 0,14; B. 0,05 mm. Zone with broad divisions (about 2 in 0,01 mm.)
which are transversely costate (coste about 5,5 in 0,01 mm.). V. in B. 0,015 mm. Dorsal side
with smooth, costate striz, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.; intermediate space not distinctly punctate. Ven-
tral side smooth with a strong longitudinal line. — Diatomiste I p. 158 Pl. XXII f. 18, 19.

Marine: Macassar Straits! Porto Seguro (Deby Coll.)!

Var. alata Cu. — Dorsal side of the valve with a hyaline limbus. L. of the V. 0,24;
B. 0,018 mm. Striz 6 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLNGAR. BAND 2%. wo 3, 139

Subgenus Archiamphora.

Frustule unknown. Valves as in Calamphora, but the ventral side is without longitudinal
lines, and has a row of short stri or puncta, either along the median line or between the median
line and the margin. .

The species of this subgenus are all found in a fossil state at Oamaru, New Zealand, always
as detached valves. Yet they bear a considerable likeness to the forms of Calamphora, so that it
is possible that the zone may be complex; and, indeed, in specimens of A. fimbriata fragments of
the zone are found which tend to show that it is similar to those of the subgenus Calamphora.

Artificial key.

Coste 4 to A in 001 mm... .......0.4. Syoden de to. Adee, Ry Gee
1 se ONO RS te a Ral God a . . A. fimbriata Cu. a. GRovE.
— Wie- — .. or ee ee ee ee A. antiqua Cu. a. GROVE.
9 ae 9 in 0,01 mm. . . ee leigh oe ee ee A. rectilineata Cu. a. GROVE.
ed ome Se ae ee bah A ee lonaied . A. prisca Cu. a. GROVE.

1, A. antiqua Cr. a. Grove N. Sp. — V. linear, with obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,13;
B. 0,013 mm. Dorsal side with parallel costate striz, 11 in 0,01 mm., alternating with rows of
puncta, 24 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side smooth, with a longitudinal median row of short strie,
11 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

2. A. rectilineata Cu. a. Grove N. Sp. — V. linear with obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,09;
B. 0,015 mm. Dorsal side with parallel coste, 4 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double rows of
puncta, 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal rows. Ventral side smooth, with a median band
of short, puncta-like striae, 6 in 0,01 mm. — PI. IV f. 24, 25.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

3. A. fimbriata CL. a. Grove N. Sp. — V. linear with obligely rounded ends. L. 0,14 to
0,18 mm. Dorsal side with parallel strie, 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side with a row of short
strie, close to the median line.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

4. A. prisca Cr. a. Grove N. Sp. -- V. linear, with obliquely rounded ends. L. 0,14 to
0,16; B. 0,016 to 0,022 mm. Dorsal side with parallel costate strie, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. Inter-
mediate spaces transversely lineate; lineole 11 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side with a row of short
radiate stria along the median line, otherwise structureless.

Marine: Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil (Grove Coll.)!

Additional.
Amphore, which cannot for the present be grouped in any of the above subgenera.

1. Amphora elegans Prac. (1894). — Frustule elongated, narrow, with slightly convex
margins and truncate ends. L. 0,09; B. 0,015 mm. Zone not complex V. narrow lunate, acute.
L. 0,08; B. 0,01 mm. Central nodule dilated into a stauros. No areas and no longitudinal lines.
Striz equidistant on the dorsal and ventral side, 22 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate; puncta 25
in 0,01 mm. arranged in straight longitudinal rows. — Trmp. a. Puraa. Types N:o 414. Diatomiste
II p. 56 Pl. III f. 8.

Marine: Cabours. . |
This remarkable species has the same structure as the Navicule of the section Orthostiche

and might be considered as an asymmetrical form of this section.

140 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

2. A. gibba A. S. (1876). — V. rectangular, somewhat constricted in the middle. L. 0,03;
B. 0,015 mm. Median line close to the ventral margin. No areas and no longitudinal line. Striee
transverse in the middle, radiate at the ends, about 8 in 0,01 mm., composed of distant puncta
about 6 in 0,01 mm. — Atl. XXXIX f. 32.

Marine: Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay (Atl).

This is a characteristic and easily recognized form, evidently akin to A. Reichardtiana. As
entire frustules are unknown, and the ventral side of the valve not has been seen, it is impossible
to decide its place in the system. In the striation it resembles of A. corpulenta.

3. A. Reichardtiana Grun. (1867). — V. linear with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,04 to 0,07;
B. 0,01 to 0,02 mm. Median line close to the ventral margin. No areas and no longitudinal line.
Striz slightly radiate, punctate, 10 in 0,01 mm. — Hedwigia VI p. 25. A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 33, 34.
Marine: Adriatic! Cape of Good Hope! Campeachy Bay! Pensacola!

An easily recognized form, but too imperfectly known to be placed in any of the larger
sections of Amphora.

4. A. seabriuscula Cx. a. Grove (1893). — V. lunate, obtuse. L. 0,057; B. 0,01 mm. Dorsal
side with rather broad axial area, without longitudinal line. Structure coarse and transversely
lineate alveoli, arranged in somewhat radiate rows, 10 in 0,01 mm. Ventral side throughout
striate. Strize 10 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste II p. 56 Pl. Ill f. 7.

Marine: Macassar Straits!

This species is evidently nearly akin to the genus Zrachyneis.

5. A. Clevei Grun. (1875). -- Frustule rectangular. L. 0,10 to 0,16; B. 0,04 mm. Zone
not complex. V. linear-lanceolate or (according to the position) semilanceolate and rostrate. Median
line very excentric, slightly biarcuate (or according to the position of the valve, straight, and close
to the margin). Central nodule on the dorsal side a short stauros, expanding outwards, on the
ventral irregularly rounded. Axial area narrow, linear on the dorsal side. Central area of the
outline of the central nodule. Alveoli in almost transverse or slightly curved rows (8 to 9 in
0,o1 mm.) Spaces between them very narrow, forming longitudinal undulating lines. Longi-
tudinal strie very fine. — A. S. Atl. XXV f. 46 to 48.

Marine: North Carolina! Florida! West Indies!

This peculiar form is an Amphora with the characteristics of Trachyneis.

6. A. Wittsteinii A. S. (1876). — Frustule rectangular, with large, hyaline limbus. L. 0,058

to 0,065; B. 0,023 mm. Zone complex, on the ventral side with 6 to 7, on the dorsal with 4, divi-
sions in 0,01 mm. Dorsal divisions punctate; puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. V. narrow, with 7 striz in
0,o1 mm. — Atl. XXXIX f. 6, 7.

Marine: ?

This is a characteristic form, of which no detached valves have been examined. It is there-
fore impossible to decide as to its place in the system. It may belong to the subgenus Calamphora.

7. <A. Miilleri A. S. (1875). — V. almost linear, subacute. L. 0,075; B. 0,009 mm. Median
line almost straight. Dorsal side with a pretty broad axial area. Strize 8 in 0,01 mm., short,

coarsely granulate. Ventral side with a row of puncta along the margin. — Atl. XXVI f. 31.
Marine: North Sea (Atl).

8. A. labuensis Cr. (1883). — Frustule rectangular, with parallel margins. L. 0,06;
B. 0,02 mm. Zone not complex. Components of the median line divergent from the central nodule
to the corners of the frustule. V. linear, in B. 0,01 mm. Transverse striw 6 in 0,01 mm. finely

transversely lineate. -- Vega p. 493 Pl. XXXVf.1. A. lab. var. fusiformis Luup. Fortm. D. de
la Malaisie p. 11 Pl. I f. 8 (1892)?

Marine: Labuan!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 141

This characteristic form is but imperfectly known, as no valves in a favourable position
have been examined. It seems impossible to find a place for this species in any of the above sub-
genera, the nature of the striation being entirely different, and closely similar to that of the
Lineolate of Navicula, of which section it might be an asymmetrical form.

9. A. Naumanni Jan. (1876). — Frustule sublinear, with slightly rostrate ends. L. 0,05;
B. 0,012 mm., bordered with a narrow limbus. Zone on the dorsal side with two rows of puncta.
V. narrow; its dorsal side with about 10 strie in 0,01 mm. Ventral side smooth with a longitu-
dinal line. — A. 8. Atl. XXXIX f. 19.

Marine:?

It is impossible to decide the position of this form, which I know only from the figs. in
Atl. representing entire frustules. It may be akin to A. pusilla Cu. or to A. Wittsteinii.

Amphore placed in the other genera.
A. Digitus A. 8., Pinnularia ambigua Cu.
A. naviculacea Donx., Pinnularia Stauntonii Grun.

Doubtful, or imperfectly known, Amphore.

A. acuta var. neogena Pant. (III Pl. XII f. 187 1893); belongs to the subgenus Oxyamphora.

A. amphioxys Batu. (Smiths. Contr. 1852 p. 39 Pl. JI f. 20 to 22) is according to Hamruron
Smitx Hantzschia amphioxys, which appears to be beyond doubt.

A, andesitica Panv. (III Pl. XIII f. 205; 1898).

A. Argus Pant. (III Pl. XXIT f. 329; 1893) seems to be akin to A. ovalis.

A. Beccartt. De Nortaris (Exb. Crit. ital. Ser. Il N:o 633) unknown to the author.

A, budayana Panv. (III Pl. XXIII f. 336).

A. bullosa. Frtorx. Mazz. (Atti. Soc. crit. ital. 1879 p. 104. Colletonema bullosum Fior. Mazz.
Atti. Acad. Pont. N. Lincei 1861 Pl. I fig. 1—5) unknown to the author, not having seen the
original paper. 3

A. cingulata Panr. (II Pl. XXV f. 369; 1889) is an indeterminable fragment of some diatom.

A. coarctata Luup. Forrm. (D. de Ceylon Pl. II f. 18; 1879) impossible to identify.

A. cristata Prtrr (D. de Campbell p. 18 Pl. IV f. 8; 1877) is unknown to me, but seems
to be a remarkable species, which however is too imperfectly figured and described to decide as
to its place in the system.

A. eunotieformis Grun. (A. 8. Atl XXXIX f. 5) seems to be a Navicula akin to Naw.
rhombica.

A. invidenda Pan. (IIL Pl. XIV f. 210; 1898).

A. Kossuthii Pant. (III Pl. X f. 169; 1893).

A. lutea Leup. Forrm. (D. de Ceylon Pl. I f. 10; 1879) an indeterminable connecting zone
of some diatom.

A. munda A. 8S. (Atl. XL f. 15; 1876) no Amphora, but a frustule of a Tropidoneis, akin
to T. Lepidoptera.

A. naviformis Leup. Fortm. (D. de Malaisie Pl. I f. 6; 1892) probably Hantzschia marina.

A. obtecta Batu. (H. L. Smith Lens p. 77 Pl. II f. 12) cannot be identified. Possibly a form
of A. Grevilleana.

A. obtusiuscula Grun. (A. S. Atl XXV f. 7; 1875) seems to be a Navicula of the section
Fusiformes.

A. rectangularis Gree. (T. M. S. 1857 p. 70 Pl. I f. 29) represents in Hamriron SmItus opi-
nion, in which I agree, some Stawroneis.

A, rimosa Eup. (Am. p. 79; 1843; M. G. V: 1 f. 27).
A, Schmidtii Petrr (Campbell D. p. 17 A. S. Atl. XXVII f. 51).

142 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

A. sejuncta Pan. (IIT Pl. XXXV f. 495; 1893) probably the half valve of some Navicula,
belonging to the section Punctate.

A. staurophora Pant. (III Pl. XV f. 228; 1898).

A. strigata Panr. (IIT Pl. XI f. 181; 18938).

A. tertiaria Pant. (III Pl. XV f. 225; 1893). :

A. transylwanica Pant. (IIL Pl. I f. 12; 1893) similar to A. ovalis. but with a stauroid
central nodule.

A, vittata Panr. (III Pl. XXII f. 326; 1893) akin to A. ovalis?

Mastogloia Tuwarres (1848).

Valve linear, lanceolate or orbicular, frequently with rostrate or capitate ends, symmetrical.
Median line usually undulate. Axial area usually indistinct. Central area small. Structure:
transverse punctate strize, usually subparallel, the puncta so disposed as to form obliquely decussa-
ting, or straight, or undulating, longitudinal, strie. Connecting zone not complex. Between the
zone and the valve there is a marginal septate plate. In conjugation two mothercells form two
auxospores (Liiders Beob. p. 557). — Cell-contents (of M. Smithii) have along the valves two chro-
matophore-plates, extending from the apices towards the central nodule. They have a narrow
sinus reaching from the ends half-way to the centre. In F. V. the plates are bent near the extre-
mities. On staining with methylene-green a number of small, intensely co-
1 loured plastids make their appearance at the surface-stratum of the plasma.
ri (Conf. A. 8. Atl. Pl. CLXXXV f. 32).

“| As early as 1833 one species of Mastogloia was named by AGARDH
| Frustulia elliptica, and in 1844 another (probably M. lanceolata Tuw.) was
‘age, described by Ktvrzine (Bac. Pl. XXX f. 37) as Navicula meleagris. In 1848
‘—! a third species was described by Tuwarres (Ann. 2:d Ser. Vol. 1) under
the name Dickieia Dansei, but on W. Smiru pointing out the great difference
Mastogloia Smithii with between the mamillate mucous cushion constituting the nidus of this form,
cell-contertsaed and the leaf-like fronds of Dickieia, Tuwarras created the new Genus Masto-
gloia for its reception and that of two additional species discovered by Smith.

W. Smrru (S. B. D. Vol. II p. 63) was the first to call attention to the most characteristic
feature of the new Genus, viz the septate marginal plate attached, according to him, to the con-
necting zone. This plate can easily be isolated in preparation, and appears to be placed between
the zone and the valves. The septa, in Smrru’s view, are small cubical chambers or »loculi» opening
outwards, which is probable, as in mounting they are frequently filled with air.

In 1860 Grunow placed this Genus in the Naviculacee, but in 1867 (Nov. Exp p. 16) he
removed it to the Cocconeidee and created the Genus Orthoneis for elliptical cocconeiform species of
Mastogloia with a band of numerous loculi, and a subgenus Stictonets for similar forms with a
few lunate loculi only. In 1880 (Arct. Diat. p. 17) Grunow formed a separate family, the Masto-
gloiacee, comprising Mastogloia, with the addition of the forms hitherto classed by him in Ortho-
neis; and Orthoneis, comprising only the forms with a few lunate loculi which he had before
placed in Stictoneis.

As however I do not see sufficient generic difference between Mastogloia and Orthoneis
either in respect of the elliptical, or lanceolate, outlines, or of the fewer or greater number of the
lunate, or rectangular, loculi, I propose here to unite them in one Genus, Mastogloia.

Considerable differences exist in the structure in Mastogloia, some species having decussating
lines of puncta, while others have the puncta in transverse and longitudinal rows. Transitions,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2/. wo 3. 143

however, occur between these types, and I see no reason for splitting up the genus on this
account. Among other Naviculoids no kindred forms are known, except in the genus Cocconeis of
which some species seems to be degenerate forms of Mastogloia.

The species of Mastogloia live in gelatinous mammillate masses, the formation of which
seems to have some connection with the loculi. A few only inhabit perfectly fresh water. Some
as M. Smithu, M. elliptica, M. exigua, M. lanceolata are abundant in brackish water. A. small
number of species are found in the Arctic seas, but the majority occur in tropical seas.

I have placed the small Diadesmis gallica W. Sm. in Mastogloia, on the supposition that

the marginal puncta of this species are loculi, which is not easy to decide as the form is so ex-
cedingly small 3).

Artificial key.

1 ieee double, of coste and puncta... ........ be 2 e eae BE
? _— simple, of puncta only. ..... eae UAS. gthrise 3.
9 poe linear with cuneate ends... ... 2...) . ... .M. Grevillet W. Sm.
— elliptic-lanceolate .... . ‘ a ae . M. Castracanei Pant.
3, ee arranged in decussating rows , As . : ede ce ee AR
Sy MOt Ss" tle aelgla ae Ge ey ee ari bone ope ls 22.
4 ee subacute, more or less rostrate ... . : ee Pteeei OD
, — broad, rounded........... ; ee BR Ae Gel a stg Ua 18.
5 eee about 22 in 00.1 mm... ..... ae ee ee a vs a” +O;
; - -— 38 — — ae ee ee ee eens? pam <2 Hee eis 8.
Loculi 9in 01 mm .. 2... Fe . M. decussata Grun.
6. —- 6 — — .. ... eta ae ; .. WM. delicatula Ct.
— 8to4 SS) hel aplad & a oe se. eS a ne Sar ae eee 7.
7 { Valve with longitudinal furrows . fee Sy athe antes . . M. suleata Cu.
: — without — SS ci eh ae Ghee tart, Gow sleers .M. Kjellmanii Ou.
8 a TOStTAtG: ete cate. tig Sl, aa Ge ew ee ee Se eae ae 9.
: — subacute,...... M. Grovei Cu. (M. Bahamensis Cu., M. Jelineckiana Grun.).
9 { Tocult. Innate. 2 sie ee PO ee a hme a . . « M. Rhombus Per.
; — quadrate or rectangular ...... ta wtalelvinR.go S86 eR ite 10.
10 eee loculi larger than the others .. ....... ot M. angulata Lewis.
, —_— not — — — eigen Capide a ade: det eee Ne
W J Terminal loculi larger . . ae ; . . M. rosteilata Grun.
All, eS —not— .. itd: oy we aga a cae a Sig 12.
12 ane of loculi reaching to the ends... yw? 3g GS Sy ee M. asperula Gron.
: — — not — -- _— . . ibe ibe M. Szontaghii Pant.
13 ae lunate ... in Oh é iat bh tn Rina eel ees 14.
, — quadrate.... ; Pee RY oe Sing eed et ih aoe dime, os 16.
Loculus single unilateral. . . . . ie ae x or . M. binotata Gron.
14. 2. :
eer POMi tr Sade Be Se erties die see @ by t*~—“i*«( Se ah Sn Aer “Bn BG 2 15.
15 ew area a transverse fascia... 1.000 2 M. Crucicula Groun.
_— — not — ae Ase, tis gh M. fimbriata Bow.
16 ea line between two rows of puncta . = ..... = ere ae, LE
: oe — not enclosed between rows of puncta mo wh abhi 8 18.
17 ae along the median line rounded .. .. . ee MA. Wrightit O'M.
. —- —- —- — — elongated... ©. ..... . . M. Barbadensis Grev.
Transverse rows of puncta ending near the margin in double rows of small puncta. 19.
ee ee ees
19 ‘ee of puncta 5 to6in Oo1 mm..... ....... oe . M. Clevei Gaon.
: SS eS Boose ee a ae . M. splendida Gree.

1) The following monograph was already completed, when the plates 185 to 188 of A. Scumip1’s Atlas were issued,
in which a considerable number of Mastogloie are figured. Before printing this monograph I have completed the text with
quotations, but I could not change the artificial key, as most of the new species are not represented in sufficient detail for
being admitted into the system. The reader will find at the end of this monograph a list of the new species, which I am
unable to identify with known forms.

144

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P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Rows of puncta 7 to 10 in 0,1 mm... 2...) ee M. cribrosa Grun
= 14401 SS a Oe Ree ahaa OE Ry WN a 21.
Ysenlitoronas Fim broad phe aw gis eed ee eRe we a eg . .M. cocconeiformis Grun.
— NaIOW 2 Noa ee bee Re we RG : M. Horwathiana Grun.
vou Cllipticaly ose ue eae art RR a ee ee SP Ge we 23.
Vanicedlatess 2 a Geos. pk a> ae a Roe Gee a) Ge St de Gee ee 24.
Valve with irregular large puncta .. 2... 1 ee ee ee eee M. oamaruensis Cu
wot Close: SHE yoy ee ae Re es Bl ee ek M. ovata Grun
Valve without axial or lateral areas 6 ww 25,
with — — a ea he Vana satin hance Jee) « Saran hee sen Gdka saefar cans 65.
Strie crossed by several longitudinal furrows . . 2. 6 1 6 ee ee et ee 26.
not — a — — sa 8 ebb a adeeb wee Yee ee 27.
Valve elliptic-lanceolate or rhomboid... 1... .-. 45. M. quinquecostata Groun.
lanceolate, ACUMINATE. 2045 Foe ae a eae ae .... M. seriata Cu.
Puncta in straight longitudinal rows, stronger — the transverse ........ 28.
Transverse rows of puncta stronger than the longitudinal. . . . al shambles “Bs
Transverse strie 12 in 001mm... .. ......-...0.4. M. Tintole Cu. a. GROVE
_— a= AF t0-30"in0,07 Mies ae cae SE ee cee ee ta ep 29.
Loculiferous rim distant from the margin... . 1... 11 ep eee . M. acuta Grux
<= Marginal «. sigs Gk eo ee OA RS We we eB ee OS 30.
Central ARCA, GIStINCt 4: 26 ay hs Sea ee ae Ry ee ae RO a Ge M. arata Cu.
So AMGIStINGti 3.) oe BR a Bl ee GR Hee M. exarata Cu.
Valve with longitudinal lines parallel to the median line. ........,... 82
without — _ — _ _— Bae at tM Va we BS tg be Be a 38.
cee lines combined with the central area... 2... 2... eee 33.
— not — _ — yo Raha © aids ae ech the gt aa Se 35.
Small. L. 0,025 to 0028 mm. . 2... 1. ee ee M. pumila Garon
Larger. L. 0,04 to 0,095 mm, . 1... 1 1 34.
Loculi about 8 in 001mm. ©... 1 ee ee M. Debyi Cu.
5 — Ee pie ES ied Sots AO ary» HS AE ge SAO Pain? ty feces say eau e M. Braunii Grun.
Longitudinal lines close to the median line... 1... 2... 00 0 0. wee ee 36.
— distant from — Seg SB Se he Ge) eee ee a ee 37.
Valve 5 allt tieclancealate Sones At ies Ae as Sec. At as ee ay ae aap . . .M. apiculata W. Sm.
linear with cuneate ends... . . Gs slays Soe hey oat a . M. labuensis Cu.
broad, elliptical, rostrate. . 2 2 00. we ee .. .M. Citrus Cu.

lanceolate, rostrate .
Loculi : in 0;01 mms. « 4 48% He ew ES

Loculi - sana size... axe ses Sa
— unequal— .....
Valve very small. L. 0,01 mm. oe
larger. L. 0,02 mm. and more. .....
Loculi few ...........
numerous... ..... #......,
Loculi on each side ...........

uae rim inside the margin . .
— marginal .......2.. —(,
Valve constricted in the middle... .......
not — _ = fe ee eS
Valve rostrate or apiculate... ...... = ..,
MOG ys hee oS) Ge cae ola So
Puncta forming almost straight longitudinal rows
— not — _- _ _ _
Median line strongly undulating ...... = ..
— slightly _— or straight
Ends rostrate-capitate . 2... 1 1. 1 ee,
slightly rostrate ..... poh Oe : ;
Median line strongly flexuose. .... .....
— slightly Flush) pie Mowculs

: : M. baltica Grown.
ae ee Ss M. Pisciculus Cu.
M. Peragalli Cu.

is eel pe ote, aa .M. capitata Bao.
Be * einai he ae M. exigua Lewis.

. M. paradoxa Grun. (M. Smithii var.).

Sais Kane tots ea tients, ottogn a lashes 43.
gt Gd alee he ce caes “48 te awe M. constricta Cu.
Be Pane nie foe yes, geome Gitte 44,

Pom eats, ecu Yee 48.
eh Me ~ <ohen 00-8? eal M. undulata Grun.
dea Abe BELGE Gen Bs He a ae hah Sa 47.
RGM Wi IS. Pa eene we M. Goesii Cu.
Dee Meier Sear ece ohlaatl M. fallax Cu.

49,

75.

=
=
lis
| -
ce
i
‘| =
Ve
ee
G
=
=
2
y
i
dle
A
ve
ie
ee
ve
ie
|
:
Ve
ee

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Striz about 18 in 0,01 mm.
25
Valve apiculate . .
rostrate .
Valve rhomboidal .. .
linear with cuneate ends .
elliptical to lanceolate. . .

Loculi almost as close as the strie .
less than

L. about 0,045 mm.
0,075 mm.
Loculi ; strie 13 in 0,01 mm.
7 — 1
2 — il
8 — 14
Loculi less than 7 in 0,01 mm. .
more than 7 5
Strie coarse, of distant puncta. .
of close puncta
Loculi lunate

L. ae mm. or less ......

Striea about 15 in 0,01 mm.

20 ;

Strie radiate in the ends. .....
convergent —-

Loculi closer in one end Pet. in the other

Terminal loculi equal in both ends .

Loculi between the middle and the ends Jargest . . .

Median loculi largest ‘ z ;
Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm.
about 8 in 0,01 mm.
Valve linear’... a «© 6 ae & we one
elliptical
Valve with axial area
— lateral areas
Axial area narrow. ........
broad
Loculi marginal .
inside the margin
Lateral areas structureless

Lateral and central areas uniting .
not —

Central neiiule stauroid
not
Strie 9 in 0,01 mm.

— 17

— 22 sos Be
Strie finely satiate. oe ee ee
coarsely 5 a
Loculi 5 to in in 001 mm... ..

2 me

Areas with an puncta .

— longitudinal rows of elongated puncta .. .

Rows of puncta few. . .
numerous

punctate or striate... .

Bd 27. New 3.

Bann 2%. w:o 3.
. M. flexuosa Cu.
M. cuspidata Cu.

. M. minuta Grun.
_M. Smithit Tawarrtes.

a 3 at al ye, ORE
M. elliptica v. Dansei.

a 55.

53.

54.

; M. bahamensis Cu.
. M. affirmata Levp. Fort.
.. .M. Lancettula Cu.

.M. Rhombulus Cu,

. M. rhombica Cu.

. M. pulchella Cu.

57.
. M. notata Pant.
M. laminaris Ens.
M. Portieriana Gron.
59.

60.

.. M. elliptica Ac. (M. Smithii var.).

. M. lanceolata THwatres.
M. inequalis Cu.

be Wid Be 62.

ty Bas hia Ge oly M. erythrea Garon.
Sa ua leaded 63.

M. kariana Gaun.
BS ab. 64.

M. pusilla Groun.
M. floridana Cu.

Nueces [0

. M. entoleia Cu.

M. japonica Cu.

M. antiqua Ct.
ewe eeber OOh
74,
70.
73.
71.
i eh Bh See he oth Ye 72,

... . M. cruciata Leup. Fort.

BES AED ose cat ACRE Ga Love M. ewxina Cu.

. M. Macdonaldii Grev.

. M. submarginata Cu. a. Gron.

. M. baldjikiana Grun.

M. bisulcata Grun.

M. rimosa Cu.

75.

145

19

146 ~ P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

6. teak broadly lanceolate, acuminate. ... . oe Fis ins Oh a Pea erg M. obesa Cu.
— rhombic-lanceolate to rhomboid ........ Mes oon FUN ee erie 77.
77. oe and strie equidistant. ... . 2.) CM. Lemniscata Lavp. Fort.
more distant than the strie. ...... ..4.., .M. javanica Cu.
78. jug elliptical to lanceolate. 2. 6 6 we ee 79.
rhombic-lanceolate. . 6 6-1 ee ee . 80.
79. ect 1Oin’ Ooi mms sve ee ER ee a RE ee . . .M. Temperei Cu.
— UMtolhinOor mm ©. ....... Fees .. M. Kelleri Pana.
Puncta in the longitudinal rows largest in the middle ..... M. Craveni Levup. Forrm.
80. ‘
re _— — of equal size. ...... M. Leudugeri Cu. a. Grove.

1. M. Grevillei W. Sm. (1856).\— V. linear, with cuneate, obtuse ends. L. 0,035 to 0,06;
B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Central area rounded. Axial area narrow, linear. Median line flexuose.
Loculi 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. forming a band ending near the cuneate extremities. Costz 10 in 0,01
mm., very slightly radiate, alternating with double rows of puncta arranged in oblique lines,
about 20 in 0,01 mm. — W. Sm. B. D. II p. 65 Pl. LXII f. 389. V. H. Syn. p. 71 Pl. IV f. 20.
A. S. Atl CLXXXYV, 1, 2.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Pentland Hills (Grove Coll.)! Belgium (V. H.), S:t
Gallen (Atl.).

This species resembles UV. elliptica var. Dansei but has a different structure of the valve.

2. M. Castracanei Pant. (1889). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, with very slightly rostrate ends.
L. 0,065; B. 0,021 mm. Axial area very narrow, lanceolate. Loculi(?) along the whole margin,
alternately larger and smaller, the former 3 in 0,01 mm. Structure: transverse, slightly radiate
costee, 6 to 7,5 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double rows of small puncta, arranged in decussating
lines. Connecting zone with two longitudinal rows of coarse puncta. — Alloioneis Castr. Pant. II
Pl. XXIII f. 344, III Pl. XXV f. 374. M. Castr. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVIII, 30.

Marine: Bory, Karand Hungary, fossil (Pant.). _

I have not examined this remarkable species, which I have placed provisionally in Masto-
gloia, as the figure in the zonal view shews something, which appears to be loculi. The structure
of the valve resembles that of M. Grevilles.

3. M. delicatula Cx. (1893). — V. lanceolate, acuminate. L. 0,037; B. 0,014 mm. Median
line slightly flexuose. Areas indistinct. Loculi quadrate, 6 in 0,01 mm., equal, forming a marginal
band, reaching nearly to the ends. Striz 21 in 0,01 mm. parallel, formed of puncta arranged in
decussating rows. — Cu. Diatomiste Vol. II p. 16 Pl. I f. 20.

Marine: Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

4. M. Rhombus Parir (1867). — V. broadly lanceolate, acuminate. L. 0,046 to 0,058;
B. 0,025 to 0,035 mm. Loculi with convex inner margin, 3 to 4 in 0,01 mm., equal, forming a
row along the whole margin of the valve. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. composed of elongated puncta,
forming decussating rows, about 9 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Rhombus Prtir D. Campbell p. 23 Pl. IV
f. 12. Mastog. Rh. Cu. and Grove Diatomiste I p. 58 Pl. IX f. 12. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVII,
33 to 35.

Marine: Nossibé (Brun Coll.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! China
(Thum.)! Campeachy Bay!

5. M. asperula Grun. (1892). — V. elliptical or lanceolate, with acuminate, rostrate or
subcapitate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,023 to 0,027 mm. Median line straight. No axial area.
Central area small, rounded. Loculi equal, quadrate, 4 in 0,01 mm. forming a band reaching to
the ends. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm. parallel, slightly radiate at the ends, of elongated alveoli, arranged
in obliquely decussating rows. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 161 Pl. XXIII f. 12. M. Phaitiana
(instead of thaitiana Caste.) A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVII, 46, 47 (variety?).

Marine: Balearic Islands! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Java! Cebu (Grove Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 147

Var. Gilberti A. S. (1893). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,03; B. 0,012 mm. Median
line straight. No axial and central areas. Loculi about 5 in 0,01 mm., forming a band along the
whole margin. Strize 12 in 0,01 mm. very slightly radiate, of some few elongated alveoli. —
Atl. CLXXXVII f. 14, 15.

Marine: Kings Mill Island (Atl.), Barcelona!

6. M. rostellata Grun. (1877). — V. lanceolate, frequently slightly constricted in the middle,
with acuminate, rostrate ends. L. 0,042 to 0,06; B. 0,02 mm. Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm. with some-
what convex interior margin, almost equal (terminal loculi somewhat larger than the others),
forming a marginal band reaching nearly to the ends of the valve. Striew 14 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate at the ends, composed of elongated alveoli, arranged in somewhat irregular, decussating
rows. — Grun. M. J. 1877 p. 174 Pl. OXCV f. 2.

Marine: Honduras (Grun), Campeachy Bay! Florida!

7. M. angulata Lewis (1860). — V. elliptical to lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,04 to 0,08;
B. 0,025 to 0,029 mm. Median line straight. No areas. Loculi of unequal size, the median
largest, 3 in 0,01 mm. forming a band reaching almost to the ends. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm.; puncta
arranged in decussating rows. — Lewis Proceed Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1861 p. 65 Pl. II f. 4.
A. 8. Atl CLXXXVIIL, 4 to 11. M. thaitiana Casrr. Voyage Challenger p. 22 Pl. XXVI f. 11?
M. apiculata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 577 Pl. VIL f. 9 (mon W. Sm.).

Marine: Atlantic coasts of North America! Honduras (Atl.), Mediterranean, Adriatic, Black
and Red Seas! Australia (Atl).

Var. pusilla Grun. (1877). — L. 0,026; B. 0,014 mm. Loculi 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. oblique
strie 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm. — M. apicul. var. pus. Grun. M. J. 1877 p. 175 Pl. CXOV f. 3.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.), Adriatic!

8. M. Szontaéghii Pant. (1890). — V. broadly linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,083; B. 0,025
mm. Loculi about 2 in 0,01 mm. confined to the middle of the margin, quadrate. Striz 11,5 in
0,01 mm. composed of coarse puncta, forming oblique rows. — Panr. II p. 41 Pl. XXIX f. 416.
A. §. Atl CLXXXVII, 12.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

9. M. suleata Cx. (1892). — V. lanceolate, acuminate, with slightly triundulate margins.
L. 0,08 to 0,085; B. 0,027 to 0,o28 mm. Central nodule small, transversely dilated. Loculi, about
3 in 0,01 mm., elongated, forming a narrow band along the whole margin. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm.
parallel, convergent in the ends, finely punctate; puncta forming very fine, decussating strie.
The striz are crossed, between the middle and the ends of the valve, by a linear furrow, parallel
to the median line and halfway between it and the margin. -——- Cx. Diatomiste I p. 162 Pl. XXIII
f. 138, 14. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVII f. 51.

Marine: Philippines (Grove Coll.), Java!

10. M. decussata Grun. (1892). — V lanceolate, acute. L. 0,07 to 0,013; B. 0,022 to 0,027
mm. Loculi 9 in 0,01 mm., equal, rectangular, forming a band along the whole margin. Strie
22 to 25 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta forming decussating lines. — Cu. Diatomiste I p. 162
Pl. XXIII f. 17. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVI, 40, 41.

Marine: Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)! Sandwich Islands!

11. M. Kjellmanii Cx. (1883). — V. linear-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,06; B. 0,014 mm.
Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm. almost equal, with somewhat convex interior margin, forming a narrow
band along the whole margin of the valve. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta forming
oblique rows. — Vega p. 495 Pl. XXXV f. 6.

Marine: Labuan!

148 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

12. Q. (Stictoneis) binotata Grun. (1863). -— V. elliptical. L. 0,033; B. 0,022 mm. Locu-
lus single in the middle of one of the margins (entire frustules shew one loculus on each side),
large with convex interior margin. Central area transversely dilated to a short pseudostauros.
Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., radiate near the ends, punctate; puncta about 11 in 0,01 mm. forming curved,
oblique rows. — Cocconeis Scutellum y Roper M. J. VI p. 24 Pl. WI f. 9. Coce. binotata Grun.
Verh. 1863 p. 145 Pl. IV f. 13 a, b. Orthon. binot. Grun. Novara p. 15. V.H. Syn. Pl. XXVIIT f. 7.

Marine: England! France! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic Sea! Red Sea (Grun.), Nicobar
Islands (Grun.), Island of Rhea! Australia! Cape Good Hope (Grun.), West Indies!

Var. atlantica Grun. — V. elliptical to elliptic-laneeolate. Loculi elongated. Strie finer.
— Novara p. 15 Pl. I f. 11.

Marine: Atlantic, Honduras (Grun.).

On living specimens a long horn of mucoid substance projects from the loculus.

13. 0. (Stictoneis) Crucicula Gruw. (1877). — V. elliptical. L. 0,014 to 0,017; B. 0,008
to 0,o1 mm. Loculi along the whole margin, 4 on each side, with invard margins convex. Central
nodule transversely dilated into a stauros. Striew 22 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, finely punctate
(puncta in decussating lines 2) — M. J. 1877 p. 177 Pl. CXCV f. 8.

Marine: Honduras, Adriatic (Grun.).

14. 0. (Stictoneis) fimbriata Brw. (1859). — V. elliptical. L. 0,02 to 0,05; B. 0,017 to
0,033 mm. Loculi large, 3 to 6 on each side, with interior margin convex. Striz 7 to 8 in 0,01
mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. forming oblique and curved lines. The rows of
puncta end near the margin in double rows of small puncta. — Coccon. fimbr. M. J. VII p. 179
Pl. IX f. 13. Mastogloia cribrosa Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 577 Pl. VII f. 10 d.

Marine: Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea! Mauritius! Madagascar! Sumbava! Japan! China!
Australia! Oceania! Honduras and Brazil (Grun.).

15. 0. Clevei Grun. (1880). — V. elliptical. L. 0,046; B. 0,03 mm. Loculi 2,5 in 0,01
mm. narrower outwards. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. of large puncta, about 8 in 0,01 mm. forming
oblique rows. The striz end at the margin in double rows of small puncta. — V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXVIII f., 4.

Marine: Mauritius! Seychelles! Java! Barbados (Grun.).

Resembles O. fimbriata, but has shorter, more numerous loculi, which become narrow outward.

16. 0, splendida Gree. (1857). — V. elliptical. L. 0,07 to 0,17; B. 0,052 to 0,13 mm.
Loculi 2 to 3 in 0,01 mm., narrowed outwards. Their inner margin straight. The ends of the
median line curved in the same direction. Striz 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, composed
of large puncta, forming elegantly curved and decussating rows, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm., ending near
the margin in double rows of small puncta. — Coce. splendida Grea. D. of Clyde p. 493 Pl. IX
f. 29. Cocc. punctatissima Guev. M. J. V p. 8 PL. III f. 1 (1857). WM. eribrosa Grun. Verh. 1860
p- 577 Pl. VII f. 10 a. Orthon. splend. Grun. Novara p. 15 (1867). V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIII f. 1, 2.
Truan a. Wirt D. of Jeremie Pl. IV f. 138. Pant. II Pl. XXIV f. 352.

Marine: Scotland (Greg.), Bohuslin! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Red Sea! Seychelles!
Madagascar! Sumatra! China! Japan! Oceania! Galapagos Islands! Honduras (Rabh.), Colon! West
Indies! Fossil: Hungary! Moravia! Nankoori! California! Jeremie (Truan a. Witt), Oamaru!

Widely distributed and easily recognized species. Fossil specimens from Moravia and Hun-
gary attain a gigantic size.

17. 0. Wrightii O'Meara (1867). — V. broadly elliptical. L. 0,027 to 0,034; B. 0,018 to
0,025 mm. Median line straight, not reaching to the margin and enclosed between two rows of puncta,
12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming a marginal rim. Puncta of

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wo 3. 149

the valve forming transverse and decussating rows. Transverse rows 9, oblique rows 8 in 0,01
mm. Marginal puncta frequently double. — Coce. Wr. O'M. M. J. N. S, VII Pl. VII f. 6?
Perit D. Campbell p. 12. Pl. IV f. 3? O. barbadensis var. nankoorensis Grun. Novara p. 98
Pl. 1 A f. 10 (1867)?

Marine: Cape Horn (Petit Coll.)!

None of the figures corresponds exactly with this species, so that the identification is
doubtful. As Orthoneis Pethéi Pantocsrx has figured (III Pl. IX f. 148) a similar, but acumi-
nate form.

18. 0. barbadensis Grev. (1864). — V. elliptical to orbicular. L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,03 to
0,05 mm. Loculi? Median line slightly undulate. Puncta more crowded near the margin, where
they form short strie, about 8 in 0,01 mm., transversely elongated at the median line (9 in 0,01
mm.), where they form a longitudinal band on both sides of the line. The puncta of the valve
are larger towards the median line than towards the margin and form elegantly curved decussa-
ting rows. — Cocc. barbadensis Grev. T. M. 8. XII p. 14 Pl. IL f. 10. Coce. naviculoides Grev.
T. M.S. XIII p. 34 Pl. IV f. 24 (1865).

Marine: Barbados, foss.! Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Var.(?) tenuipunctata Brun (1893). — L. 0.12 to 0,15 mm. Striz 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. —
Diatomiste I p. 176 Pl. XXIV f. 8.

Marine: Oamaru, fossil.

19. 0. Grovei Cu. (1892). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,1 to 0,11; B. 0,04 to
0,o45 mm. Central area small, subquadrate. Median line undulating. Loculi subequal, quadrate,
about 3 in 0,01 mm., forming a band along the margin. Transverse rows of puncta 9 in 0,01 mm.;
oblique rows 10 in 0,01 mm. Transverse rows not ending with double rows. Puncta along the
median line not elongated. — M. Grovei Cu. Diatomiste I p. 161 Pl. XXIII f. 10.

Marine: Barbados, foss.!

Var. rhombica Ci. — V. rhombic-lanceolate. LL. 0,1; B. 0,c25 mm. Central area small,
with some isolated puncta. Striz as in the type, but near the margin crossed by a narrow blank
line. — Pl. II f. 14.

Marine: Barbados, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

20. 0. cribrosa Grun. (1860). — Elliptical. L. 0,034 to 0,05; B. 0,027 to 0,03 mm. Loculi
quadrate, 2 to 4 in 0,01 mm. forming a band along the margin. Median line straight. Central
area indistinct. Transverse rows of puncta 7 to 10 in 0,01 mm. not ending with double rows of
small puncta. Oblique rows of puncta gently curved. — Mastogl. cribrosa Grun. Verh. 1860
p. 577 Pl. VIL f. 10 ¢. Orthon. cribr. Grun. Novara p. 16 (1867). V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIII f. 6.

Marine: Adriatic! Nicobar Islands (Grun.), Port Jackson! Japan! Samoa! Tahiti!

O. cribrosa greatly resembles O. fimbriata, but the loculi are entirely different, and there
are no double rows of small puncta at the end of the transverse rows.

21. 0. Horvathiana Grun. (1860). — Elliptical. L. 0,035; B. 0,024 mm. Loculi 5 to 8
in 0,01 mm., rectangular, forming a broad band along the margin. Transverse rows of puncta 15
in 0,01 mm. Oblique rows gently curved. — Mast. Horvath. Gruy. Verh. 1860 p. 578 Pl. VIL
f. 13. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 41.

Marine: Red Sea (Grun.), Samoa! Tahiti (Grun.), Honduras (Grun.), Java (Atl.).

Nearly akin to O. cribrosa and differing in its closer loculi and finer striations. This may
probably be regarded as O. cribrosa var.

22. 0. cocconeiformis Grun. (1860). — Orbicular. L. 0,036; B. 0,028 to 0,03 mm. Loculi
8 in 0,01 mm., rectangular, forming a broad band along the margin. Puncta forming radiate

150 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

rows, 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm,, curved oblique rows and, near the slightly undulating median line,
almost longitudinal rows. — Mastogl. coccon. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 578 Pl. VII f. 14. A. 8. Atl.
CLXXXVIII f. 43. Icon. n. Pl. II f. 20.

Marine: Red Sea! Madagascar! Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

23. QO. oamaruensis Cru. N. Sp. — V. elliptical. L. 0,05; B. 0,03 mm. Loculi? Median
line undulating. V. with very distant large puncta, along the median line 5 in 0,01 mm. Margin
with double-rows (4 in 0,01 mm.) of small puncta. — Pl. II f. 19.

Marine: Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Coccon. armata Gruv. (T. M. 8. XIV p. 126 Pl. XI f. 13, 1866) is, to judge from the figure,
nearly akin to OU. oamaruensis and to O. barbadensis. The »marginal tubercles» of this form,
mentioned by GREVILLE are beyond doubt loculi. All these forms are only insufficiently described
and figured. In this species the puncta are not arranged in decussating rows, so that it strictly
does not belong to this division, but in other respects is nearly akin to the latest described
species.

24. M.? (Diadesmis) gallica W. Sm. (1857). — V. linear elliptical, with rounded ends.
L. 0,09 to 0,015; B. 0,003 to 0,oo4 mm. Loculi small, about 12 in 0,01 mm. forming a band of
puncta along the margin. Striz about 28 in 0,01 mm. — Diad. gallica W. Sm. Ann. Mag. N.
Hist. XIX p. 11 PL Il f. 16. V. H. Syn. Pl. XIV f. 39. Navicula parvula H. L. Surry Am. Q.
J. M. 1878 p. 14 Pl. III f. 4.

Fresh water, moist earth etc.: Spetsbergen (Lagst.), Upsala! Brussells (V. H.), Havre (W.
Sm.), America (H. L. Sm.).

One of the smallest diatoms, characterized by the marginal granulation, which I believe to
be loculi. The frustules occur in long bands.

25. M. marginulata Grun. (1867). — V. narrow lanceolate or linear, obtuse. L. 0,025 to
to 0,08; B. 0,0057 to 0,o11 mm. Loculi 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm. transverse.
— Novara p. 16 PL If. 12. M. J. 1877 p. 175. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVI, 30.

Marine: Adriatic, Australia, Samoa, Tahiti, New Zealand, Chile, Honduras (Grun.).

I have not seen this small form, which seems to be widely distributed. It may perhaps
be the same as M. inequalis Ct.

26. M. inequalis Cr. — V. narrow lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,05; B. 0,01 mm. Loculi in
one half (valve imagined cut along the transverse axis) of the valve quadrate, 10 in 0,01 mm., in
the other more narrow (15 in 0,01 mm.) forming a band along the whole margin. Striz parallel
about 30 in 0,01 mm. — PI. IJ f. 15.

Marine: Australia (Méller), Java! Rodriguez!

I have seen many specimens all agreeing, so that the different size of the loculi seems to
be a characteristic feature.

27. M. Rhombulus Cu. N. Sp. — V. rhomboid acute. L. 0,03; B. 0,oo8 mm. Loculi 4 in
0,01 mm. with straight interior margin, forming a narrow marginal band. Median line slightly

undulating. Strie 21 in 0,01 mm. not distinctly punctate.
Marine Pensacola (Grove Coll.)!

28. M. Lancettula Cx. (1892). — V. rhomboid, subacute. L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,008 to
0,01 mm. Central area small, rounded. Median line undulating. Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm., narrow,
with somewhat convex interior margins, in a band along the whole margin. Striz 13 in 0,01
mm. composed of distinct puncta forming longitudinal rows, 13 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste
I p. 163 Pl. XXIII f. 18. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 24.

Marine: Cebu, Philippines! Java!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%, w:o 3. 151

29. M. affinis Cr. N. Sp. — V. narrow lanceolate. L. 0,035; B. 0,01 mm. Loculi 4 in
0,01 mm., almost equal, with inner margin convex, forming a band reaching to the ends. Striz 12
in 0,01 mm. composed of 4 to 5 elongated puncta. — Diatomiste I p. 163 Pl. XXIII f. 19.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

This small species is nearly akin to M. kariana, but has closer loculi and more coarsely
punctate striz. In the shellsand from Norway (Cl. M. D. 311) a similar form occurs frequently
without loculi, which may possibly have been destroyed in the cleaning processes.

30. M. kariana Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,05; B. 0,011 mm. Central area small,
orbicular. Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm. larger in the middle, with convex interior margin. Striz 11,5
in 0,1 mm. parallel, finely punctate. — A. D. p. 17 Pl. I f. 3.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

81. 0. notata Panr. (1889). — V. elliptical. L. 0,035; B. 0.0205 mm. Loculi 6 on each
side, with convex interior margin. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm., subradiate, punctate. — Pant. II p. 57
Pl. XXVII f. 392.

Marine: Bory, Hungary, foss. (Pant.).
Species entirely unknown to me. As the punctation is not described, it is impossible to say
what are its affinities.

32. M. floridana Cx. (1894). — V. elliptical, rostrate. LL. 0,043; B. 0,015 mm. Median line
straight. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, orbicular. Loculi unequal, the two to four
median much larger than the others (8 to 9 in 0,01 mm.), which form a narrow marginal band,
reaching nearly to the ends. Striz 14 to 16 in 0,01 mm., very slightly radiate, distinctly punctate;
puncta, about 14 in 0,01 mm., forming longitudinal rows. — M. floridea (name altered by the
editor) Diatomiste II p. 55 PL III f. 1.

Marine: Pensacola (Grove Coll.)!

33. M. pusilla Grun. (1878). — V. narrow, linear-elliptical to lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,02
to 0,035; B. 0,oo6 mm. Loculi about 7 in 0,01 mm., 7 to 16 in each row, the median ones larger.
Strie 14 to 17 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, finely punctate. — M. Smithii var.? pusilla Grun.
Casp. Sea Alg. p. 14 Pl. III f. 10. Cru. M. D. No 206. A. S. Atl. CLXXXV, 34. Icon. n.
Pl, TL £, 8.

Brackish and marine: Caspian Sea (Grun.), Adriatic!

34. M, minuta Grey. (1857). — V. elliptical, apiculate. L. 0,02 to 0,035; B. 0,01 to 0,013
mm. Loculi 6 to 9 in 0,01 mm. of equal size, quadrate to rectangular, forming a band reaching
nearly to the ends. Strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. parallel, not interrupted, distinctly punctate. —
M. J. V. p. 12 Pl. If. 10. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVII, 22. Icon. n. Pl. II f. 7.

Marine! Seychelles! Java! Samoa! Sandwich Islands (Grun.), Honduras! Trinidad (Grun.)!
Bahamas (Grove Coll.)! Valparaiso (Atl.).

35. M. (Stigmaphora) capitata Br. (1891). — V. narrow, lanceolate, capitate-rostrate. L.
0,03 to 0,035; B. 0,01 mm. Loculi two on each side, in the middle of the margin, rounded. Strie?
— D. espéces nouv. p. 45 Pl. XI f. 13.
Marine: Java, parasitical on Rhizosolenia (Brun).

36. M. exigua Lewis (1861). — V. fusiform to lanceolate. L. 0,025 to 0,04; B. 0,011 mm.
Loculi few, 2 to 6 in the middle of each margin, 4 in 0,01 mm., with somewhat rounded interior
edges. Strive 20 to 24 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1861 p. 65
Pl. I f. 5. V.H. Syn. p. 70 Pl. IV f. 25, 26. A. S. Atl. CLXXXYV f. 33. M. amygdala Levp.
Fortm. D. Malaise p. 19 Pl. II f. 7 (1892).

Brackish and marine: Baltic (Gothland)! Belgium (V. H.), Atlantic coast of America!
Behring Island!

152 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

37. M. Smithii Tuwarres (1848 fide W. Sm.). — V. lanceolate, more or less rostrate, or
rostrate-capitate. L. 0,027 to 0,053; B. 0,01 to 0,016 mm. Loculi 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. of equal
size, quadrate, forming a band ending at some distance from the ends of the valve. Striz 18 to
19 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, or radiate at the ends, punctate; puncta about 24 in 0,01 mm.
forming longitudinal rows. Central area small, rounded. — W. Sm. B. D. IT p. 65 Pl. LIV f. 341.
V. H. Syn p. 70 Pl. IV f. 13. M. lanceolata var. Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 576 Pl. VIL f. 6. M. lanceo-
lata var. hungarica Pant. II p. 41 Pl. VII f. 136 (1889).

Brackish water: Baltic (from Tornea to Riigen)! Saxony! Caspian Sea (Grun.), England!
Australia! Tasmania! Fossil: Hungary (Czekehaza! etc.).

Var. lacustris Grun. (1878). — Central area transverse, moderately large. Striz 15 to 16
in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. — Caspian Sea Alg. p. 14. V. H. Syn. PL IV f. 14. M. antiqua
Scuum. Preuss. D. p. 190 Pl. IX f. 58 ¢, e (1862).

Fresh water: Spitsbergen! Gulf of Bothnia! Iceland! England! Belgium (V. H.).

Var. lanceolata Grun. (1878). — V. linear lanceolate, slightly rostrate. Li. 0,045 to 0,05;
B. 0,008 mm. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. Strie 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm. radiate. — Cu. M. D. No 161.
M. Smithii Pant. ITI Pl. XXXVI f. 520.

Brackish water: Gothland!

Var. amphicephala Grun. (1878). — V. with capitate ends. — M. Smithii 8B W. Sm. M. Sm.
var. amphic. Grun. in Cl. M. D. N:o 161. V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. 27. A. 8S. Atl, CLXXXV, 13, 14.
M. capitata Grev. M. J. N. 8. II p. 235 Pl. X f. 11, 12?

Brackish: Baltic! England, Scotland Sm., Morocco (Atl.).

Var. intermedia Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, slightly rostrate. I. 0,032 to 0,037; B. 0,0125
mm. Central area very small. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm. Strie 18 to 19 in 0,01 mm., somewhat
radiate. — Caspian Sea Alg. p. 13.

Brackish: Caspian Sea (Grun.), South Africa (Cl. M. D. N:o 197), Karand, Hungary, fossil!

Var. abnormis Grun. (1878). — V. lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,065; B. 0,02 mm. Loculi 6 in
0,o1 mm. in a band at some distance from the margin. Central nodule slightly transversely
dilated. Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. — Casp. Sea Alg. p. 14.
Jeon. n. Pl. ID f. 17.

Brackish: Caspian Sea (Grun.). Marine: Hungary, Karand, fossil (Deby Coll.).

Description from a specimen from Karand.

Var. doljensis Pant. (1886). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,03 to 0,04: B. 0,001 mm. Central
nodule transversely dilated into a stauros. Loculi 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm. Strie 27,5 in 0,01 mm.
parallel (radiate on the figure given by Pant.). — Pant. I p. 22 Pl. X f. 88.

Brackish: Dolje, Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

38. M. elliptica Ac. (1833). — V. elliptical. L. 0,022 to 0,045; B. 0,01 to 0,018 mm.
Central area orbicular, small, but distinct. Loculi 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. of equal size, forming a band,
which ends at some distance from the ends. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, in the
middle alternately longer and shorter, finely punctate. — Frustulia elliptica Ag. in Kiirz. Syn.
p. 10. M. Dansei var. elliptica V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. 19. Danner. Baltic D. Pl. IV f. 19. M. obtusa
Pant. II p. 41 Pl. VIT f. 134 (1889).

Brackish water: Sweden (Baltic, extremely abundant)! Saxony! England! Belgium! Ecuador
(Bafios, Tesalia)!

Var. australis Cu. — L. 0,032 to 0,036; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Loculi 9 in 0,01 mm. Striee
14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm.

Slightly brackish water; Mitchell River, Australia! Rioja, rep. Argentina!

Var. Dansei Taw. (1856). — V. narrow, linear with cuneate ends. L. 0,035 to 0,04; B. 0,01
to 0,o12 mm, Striz 18 in 0,01 mm., finely punctate. — M. Dansei Taw. Sm. B. D. II p. 64

*

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. N:0 3 153

Pl. LXII f. 388. V. H. Syn. p. 70 Pl. IV f. 18. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXV, 5 to 8. M. antiqua Scuum.
Preuss. D. Pl. IX f. 58 a (1862).

Brackish, or almost fresh water: Sweden (Gothland)! England! Belgium (V. H.), Saxony!
Tasmania! Australia (Atl.).

Var. punctata Cu. — Linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,04 to 0,065; B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm.
Striz 15 in 0,01 mm.; puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.
Almost fresh water: Australia (Mitchell River)! Gothland!

39. M. lanceolata Tuwarres (1848 fide W. Sm.). — V. lanceolate, frequently acuminate.
L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,017 to 0,019 mm. Central area not distinct. Median line slightly undulating.
Loculi 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. rectangular, of equal size, forming bands ending near the extremities.
Strie about 19 in 0,01 mm. parallel, convergent at the ends, punctate; puncta 25 in 0,01 mm.
forming longitudinal rows. — W. Sm. B. D. II p. 64 Pl. LIV f. 340. Gru. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 14
Pl. WT f. 11. V. H. Syn. p. 70 Pl IV f. 15 to 17. A. S. Atl CLXXXVI, 21, 22.

Brackish and marine: Baltic (Riigen)! Caspian Sea (Grun.), England! Adriatic Sea! Labuan!
Port Jackson! Pensacola!

40. M. fallax Ci. N. Sp. — V. lanceolate, slightly rostrate. L. 0,045 to 0,047; B. 0,018
mm. Median line slightly undulating. Axial area indistinct. Central area small. Loculi 10 in
0.01 mm. forming a marginal band ending near the extremities. Striz 16 in 0,01 mm., radiate
throughout, the median shorter, composed of elongated puncta forming longitudinal rows, closer at
the margins. — Pl. IT f. 16.

Marine: Seychelles (V. H. Coll.)! Java!

This species resembles VM. lanceolata, but its strie are radiate throughout and have a diffe-
rent punctation. In outline it resembles Grunow’s Rhaphoneis dubia (Novara p. 99 Pl. 1 A f. 6)
which seems to be a Mastogloia, but has coarser strie than I. fallax.

41. M. laminaris Eup. (1843). —- V. lanceolate, frequently slightly acuminate. L. 0,03 to
0,05; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm. Median line very slightly undulating or straight. Central area not
distinct. Loculi 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. of equal size, forming bands ending near the extremities.
Strie about 21 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, very finely punctate. — Ceratoneis lamin. Ens. Am.
Pl. III: 7 f. 24 (fide Grun.). Cu. Vega p. 494. Cr. M. D. No 153.

Marine: Adriatic! Corsica! Labuan! Java! Pensacola (Grove Coll.)!

Var. intermedia Cu. — L. 0,035; B. 0,015 mm. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm. Striz 21 in 0,01 mm.
— Pl. Uf. 10.

Marine: Japan!

M. laminaris resembles M. lanceolata, but has larger loculi and finer striee. The var. ¢nter-
media takes an intermediate position.

42. M. Portierana Grun. (1863). — V. lanceolate, slightly rostrate. L. 0,095; B. 0,027
mm. Loculi 7 in 0,01 mm. equal, forming a band reaching to the apices. Strie fine, more than 22
in 0,01 mm. finely punctate. — Verh. 1863 p. 157 Pl. IV f. 3.

Marine: Red Sea (Grun.).

Unknown to me, seems to be allied to M. lanceolata or laminaris.

43. M. pulchella Cr. N. Sp. — V. rhomboid, acute. L. 0,1; B. 0,o28 mm. Median line
undulating. Axial area indistinct; central area small, irregular. Loculi quadrate, 8 in 0,01 mm.
forming a marginal band reaching to the ends. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, crossed by
several faint longitudinal lines. — Pl. II f. 27, 28, 29.

Marine: Java.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. Nio 3. 20

154 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

44. M. elegans Lewis (1865). — V. lanceolate, subacute or subrostrate. Li. 0,066; B. 0,026
mm. Loculi 3 to 7 in 0,01 mm., delicate, frequently rudimentary, forming a band along the whole
margin. Median line almost straight, or very slightly undulating. Central area very small, or
indistinct. Strie about 15 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel throughout, punctate; puncta about 15
in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal rows. — Proced. Acad. Nat. Se. Philadelphia 1865 p. 13 Pl. I
f. 9. — Grun. Foss. D. Ost. Ungarns p. 150 Pl XXIX f. 20. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVI f. 19, 20.
Marine: Atlantic coast of U. St.! Java! Pensacola! Foss. Bory, Hungary!

45. M. paradoxa Grun. (1878). — V. linear-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,055; B. 0,014 mm.
Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm. equal, forming a band at some distance from the margin, and ending at a
considerable distance from the extremities. Strie 26 to 29 in 0,01 mm. — Cu. M. D. N:o 153.
M. Seychellensis Gruy. Casp. Sea Alg. p. 14.

Marine: Corsica (Grun.), Seychelles (Grun.).

This species is unknown to me, having failed in finding it in Cl. M. D. N:o 153. The
above description is from a sketch sent by Grunow, who does not indicate whether the striz are
longitudinal, straight, or oblique, for which reason its place in the system is uncertain.

46. M. erythrea Grun. (1860). — V. lanceolate with acuminate or apiculate ends. L. 0,04;
B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Loculi about 12 in 0,01 mm., forming a band interrupted in one or two
places by one, to three, larger loculi. Median line undulating. Areas indistinct. Strize 21 in 0,01
mm. almost parallel, punctate; puncta forming undulating longitudinal rows, about 14 in 0,01 mm.
— Verh. 1860 p. 577 Pl. VIL f. 4. M. J. 1877 p. 174 Pl. CXCIV f. 12 to 14. A.S. Atl. CLXXXVI
f. 25, 26. — M. bullata A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVI f. 36 (1898).

Marine: Mediterranean, Adriatic and Black Seas! Red Sea (Grun.), Honduras (Grun.), Ba-
hamas (Grove Coll.)!

Var. biocellata Grun. (1877). — The larger loculi in the middle of the band. Strie 24 in
0,01 mm. — M. J. 1877 1. c. f. 15.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.).

Var.? interrupta Hantzcu (1862). — Larger loculi 4 to 6. — M. inter. Hantzscu Ost Ind.
Arch. D. p. 20 Pl. VI f. 5. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVI f. 37.

Marine: East Indies (Hantzsch), Nicobar Islands (Grun ).

47. M. constricta Cu. (1892). — V. elongated, with cuneate ends, constricted in the middle.
L. 0,06; B. 0,011 at the constriction 0,o065 mm. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. of equal size and with
straight interior margins. Median line undulating. Central area very small. Strie 21 in 0,01
mm. transverse, punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. —
Diatomiste I p. 159 Pl. XXIII f. 5.

Marine: Java!

48. M. flexuosa Cit. N. Sp. — V. linear to elliptical with rostrate to acuminate ends.
L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,011 to 0,o1 mm. Median line strongly sinuose. Loculi 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm.
of equal size, quadrate, forming a band ending near the apices. Central area very small, orbicular.
Strie 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. parallel, of coarse elongated puncta, not forming straight lines. —
Pl let, 12.

Marine: Pithyusian Islands! Mediterranean!

This small species is remarkable for the strong flexure of its median line, near the central
nodule.

49. M. cuspidata Cu. (1893). — V. elliptical, apiculate. L. 0,026; B.0,01 mm. Median line
strongly flexuose. Axial and central areas indistinct. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate,
forming a marginal band, ending below the extremities of the valve. Striz 25 in 0,01 mm., pa-
rallel, not distinctly punctate. — Diatomiste II p. 16 Pl. I f. 18.

Marine: Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. w:o 3. 155

50. M. bisuleata Groun. (1877). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,017 to 0,03; B. 0,09
to 0,011 mm. Loeuli 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., of equal size, quadrate, forming bands not reaching to
the extremities. Median line undulating. Strie 10,5 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, finely punctate,
crossed on both sides of the median line by a narrow, arcuate furrow. — M. J. 1877 p. 176
Pl. CXCV f. 6.

Marine: Honduras (Grun.).

Var. corsicana Grun. (1878). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, apiculate. L. 0,025 to 0,032; B. 0,008
to 0,011 mm. Loculi 5 in 0,01 mm. Median line slightly undulating. Striz 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm.
crossed by one or two, narrow, longitudinal furrows. — WM. corsic. Grun. Cl. M. D. Nio 153. IW.
bisule. var. cors. Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. 28.

Marine: Mediterranean!

51. M. rimosa Cu. (1893). — V. rhombic-lanceolate, with apiculate ends. L. 0,037; B. 0,013
mm. Median line flexuose. Axial area narrow, distinct. Loculi rectangular, about 10 in 0,01 mm.,
forming a broad band, reaching to the apiculi. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, convergent
at the ends and crossed by a longitudinal furrow, not distinctly punctate. — Diatomiste vol. II
p15 PL If 15. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 25.

Marine: Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

52. M. Goésii Cu. (1878). — V. elliptical with rostrate to capitate ends. Li. 0,036 to 0,06;
B 0,013 to 0,o2 mm. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm., forming a narrow marginal band reaching to the
apices. Median line straight. Areas not distinct. Strie 16 to 18 in 0,01 mm. of elongated puncta
forming parallel, longitudinal rows, about 12 in 0,01 mm. — Nav. Goésw Cu. West Ind. D. p. 6
Pl. I f. 7. Mastogl. Goésti Cu. Diatomiste I p. 160 Pl. XXIII f. 6. A.S. Atl. CLXXXVIITI f. 23?
Marine: Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Cebu, Philippines! West Indies!

53. M. undulata Grun. (1860). — V. broadly lanceolate, rostrate. Li. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,012
to 0,018 mm. Loculi 9 to 12 in 0,01 mm. equal, forming bands, reaching to the apices. Median
line strongly undulating. No distinct areas. Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, of
elongated puncta, forming longitudinal rows, about 9 in 0,01 mm. — Verh. 1860 p. 576 Pl. VII
f. 5. M. J. 1877 p. 176 Pl. CXCV f. 5. Purag. D. Villfranche p. 44 Pl. III f. 24.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Seychelles (Grun.), Australia and Oceania (Grun.),
Honduras (Grun.).

54. M. rhombica Cr. (1883). — V. rhomboid, with a shallow longitudinal depression on each
side of the median line. L. 0,043; B. 0,02 mm. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming
bands reaching to the ends. Median line undulating. Strie 11 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate;
puncta 17 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. — Vega p. 494 Pl. XXXV f. 9.

Marine: Labuan!

55. M. affirmata Levp. Forrm. (1879). — V. rhomboid to lanceolate. L. 0,07 to 0,085;
B. 0,035 to 0,04 mm. Median line undulating, unilaterally dilated at the central nodule. Loculi
9 to 11 in 0,01 mm., equal, forming broad bands, reaching to the ends. Striz 10 in 0,01 mm.,
parallel or slighly radiate at the ends, crossed by parallel longitudinal strie, 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm.
— Navic. affirm. Leup. Fortm. D. de Ceylan p. 24 Pl. IL f. 22. M. affirm. Cu. Diatomiste I
p. 162 Pl. XXIII f. 15. WM. squamosa Br. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIITI f. 19, 31 (1893).

Marine: Ceylon, Colombo (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Philippines! Rodriguez (Atl.).

56. M: bahamensis Cu. (1893). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,045; B. 0,022 mm. Median
line dilated near the central nodule. Loculi 12 in 0,01 mm., equal, rectangular, forming a band,
which reaches the ends of the valve. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., composed of coarse, elongated puncta,
forming longitudinal, or irregularly decussating, rows, about 8 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste IT p. 16
PLIfiz. A. 8S. Atl CLXXXVIITI f. 20, 21.

Marine: Bahamas (Grove Coll.)!

156 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Closely akin to M. affirmata in all characteristics, but much smaller. Perhaps a forma
minuta of this species. .

57. 0. ovata Grun. (1860). — V. elliptical. L. 0,035 to 0,036; B. 0,018 to 0,o2 mm. Loculi
4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming a rim along the margin. No areas. Strie 17 in 0,01
mm. transverse or slightly radiate at the ends, composed of elongated puncta, forming longitudinal
rows, about 11 in 0,01 mm. — Mast. ovata Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 578 Pl. VII f. 12. A. D. p. 17
Pl. I f. 2. Orthon. ov. Grun. Novara p. 98.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.), Mediterranean, Adriatic and Black seas! Madagascar! Java!
Samoa! Honduras (Grun.).

Allied to O. ovata is probably WM. ovalis A. S. (Atl. CLXXXV f. 30) from Japan, L. 0,03;
B. 0,018 mm. Strie 12 and loculi 4 in 0,01 mm. It is distinguished from O. ovata principally

by the short bands of 7 loculi, which end at a considerable distance from the extremities of
the valve.

58. M. lineata Cx. a. Grove (1891). — V. lanceolate, acute or apiculate. Li. 0,093; B. 0,034
mm. Loculi 2,5 in 0,01 mm. equal, delicate, with convex interior edges, along the whole margin
of the valve. Median line slightly undulate. Central area very small, rounded. Strie 12 in 0,01
mm. parallel, composed of elongated puncta, forming straight, parallel, longitudinal rows, 7 in 0,01
mm. — Diatomiste I p. 59 Pl. IX f. 11.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Cebu!

59. M. exarata Ci. N. Sp. -- V. lanceolate, apiculate. L. 0,065 to 0,08; B. 0,027 to 0,028
mm. Loculi 5 in 0,01 mm. delicate, with straight interior edges forming a narrow band along
the margin. No areas. Median line straight. Strie 21 in 0,01 mm. parallel, of elongated puncta
forming longitudinal, parallel, straight rows, 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. II f. 35. A. S. Atl.
CLXXXVII f. 38.

Marine: China (Van Heurck Coll.)! Japan (Brun Coll.)!

Similar to M. lineata, but differs by its closer loculi and finer striz.

60. M. arata Cu. N. Sp. — V. rhomboid. L. 0,09 to 0,11; B. 0,033 mm. Loculi 3,5 in 0,01
mm. delicate, equal, with straight interior edges, forming a band along the whole margin. Central
area moderately large, rounded. Median line undulating. Strize 17 in 0,01 mm. transverse, compo-

sed of elongated puncta, forming straight, parallel longitudinal rows, 11 in 0,01 mm. — Pl. If. 9.
Marine: Island of Rhea, near Singapore!

61. M. acuta Grun. (1883). — V. lanceolate to rhomboid. L. 0,04; B. 0,015 mm. Loculi
of unequal size, larger in the middle, forming a band at some distance from the margin and ending
at a distance from the apices. No areas. Striz about 30 in 0,01 mm., crossed by more distant
longitudinal furrows, about 17 in 0,01 mm. — Vega p. 494 Pl. XXXV f. 8. Icon. n. Pl. IT fi 13.

Marine: Seychelles (Grun.), Labuan!

M. lineolata A. 8. (Atl. CLXXXVI f. 33) from Malabar resembles somewhat M. acuta, but
the figure is too little detailed for identification.

62. M. baltica Grun. (1880). — V. lanceolate, with broad, rostrate ends. L. 0,03 to 0,04;
B. 0,013 to 0,016 mm. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming a band, ending at some di-
stance from the extremities. Median line straight enclosed between two approximate longitudinal
ribs. No areas. Stria 20 to 21 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta forming longitudinal rows.
— V. H. Syn. Pl. IV f. 24. MW. lanceolata var. elliptica and var. amphicephala Danny. Baltic D.
pe 16 Fit 22

Brackish water: Baltic (Gothland, Rigen)! South Africa!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. w:o 3. 157

This species has a close resemblance to M. Smithii, from which it is however distinguished
by the longitudinal lines close to the median line. The following three species are nearly akin to
M. baltica and all may perhaps more properly be considered as varieties of M. apiculata.

63. M. Citrus Cx. (1883). — V. broadly elliptical, apiculate. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,016 to
0,o24 mm. Loculi about 9 in 0,01 mm., of equal size, quadrate, forming a band reaching to the
‘apiculi. Strie 18 or 19 (middle) to 23 (ends) in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. — M. baltica var.?
Citrus Cu. Vega p. 495 Pl. XXXV f. 7. M. suborbicularis Lup. Forru. D. de Malaisie p. 19
Pl. IL f. 6 (1892)? M. Citrus A. 8. Atl. CLXXXVII f. 16 to 19. Icon. n. Pl. II f. 6.

Marine: Adriatic! Labuan! Sandwich Islands! Vera Cruz (Atl.), Jamaica (Grove Coll.)!

64. M apiculata W. Sm. (1856). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, frequently rostrate. L. 0,05 to
0,09; B. 0,023 mm. Loculi 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming a band, ending near the
extremities. Median line straight, enclosed between two approximate longitudinal ribs. No areas.
Strizs 15 to 19 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel, finely punctate; puncta 19 to 23 in 0,01 mm., forming
fine, longitudinal rows. — B. D. II p. 65 Pl. LXII f. 387. A.S. Atl CLXXXV f. 43, CLXXXVI
f. 23. Icon. n. Pl. ID f. 24, 25. M. acutiuscula Grun. in Cl. Vega p. 495. M. angulata Prrac.
D. de Villefr. Pl. TII f. 22 (1888). M. balkanica Br A. S. Atl. CLXXXVII f. 40 (1893)?

Marine: North Sea (England, Sweden)! Cherbourg (Grun.), Mediterranean Sea! Sebastopol!
China!

65. M. labuensis Cx. (1883). — V. linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,064 to 0,075; B. 0,015
to 0,o16 mm. Median line straight, enclosed between two approximate longitudinal ribs. No
areas. Loculi 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate, forming bands reaching nearly to the ex-
tremities. Striz 15 to 17 in 0,01 mm. parallel, or slightly radiate towards the extremities, coarse-
ly punctate, puncta 17 in 0,01 mm., forming straight, longitudinal rows. — M. acutiusc. var. lab.
Cu. Vega p. 495 Pl. XXXV f. 5. WM. lab. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXV f. 4? CLXXXVII f. 2. Icon. n.
Pl. IT f. 5.

Marine: Labuan! Philippines!

66. M. Peragalli Cx. (1892). — V. elliptic-lanceolate, rostrate. L. 0,052 to 0,058; B. 0,0025
to 0,o027 mm. Median line undulating, enclosed between two, not very approximate longitudinal
ribs. No axial area. Central area small. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm., almost equal, rectangular, forming
bands, reaching to the apices and with slightly undulating interior edges. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm.
parallel, or slightly radiate towards the ends, punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,01 mm., forming
straight, parallel, longitudinal rows. — MV. sp.? Prag. D. Villefranche p. 44 Pl. III f. 23. MM. Perag.
Cu. Diatomiste I p. 160 Pl. XXIII f. 7.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea (Perag.), Sumatra (Deby Coll.)! Japan!

67. M. Pisciculus Cu. (1894). — V. lanceolate, subacuminate. L. 0,035; B. 0,015 mm.
Median line sinuose. Axial area indistinct. Central area orbicular, small. Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm.,
quadrate, equal, forming a marginal band, ending below the extremities of the valve. Strie 21
in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, radiate at the ends, finely punctate, puncta forming longitudinal rows.
The strie are crossed by a longitudinal line at some distance from the median line. The striz
inside the longitudinal lines faint. — Diatomiste II p. 55 Pl. Il f 2.

Marine: Pensacola (Grove Coll.)!

68. M. pumila Gruy. (1880). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,025 to 0,028; B. 0,01 mm.
Central nodule large, quadrate, prolonged into narrow horns, parallel to the margin. Loculi 6 to
8 on each side, of unequal size, the median being largest. Strize 23 in 0,01 mm. parallel. — M.
Braunii var. pumila Grun. V. H. Syn. p. 71 Pl. IV f. 23. A. S. Atl. CLXXXV f. 36, 87.

Slightly brackish water: Baltic (Dannf.), Hawaii!

158 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

69. M. Braunii Grun. (1863). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,04 to 0,095; B. 0,014 to 0,027
mm. Central nodule large, quadrate, prolonged into narrow horns, as to form a lyriform figure.
Loculi 4,5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. quadrate, equal, or the median larger, forming a band ending near the
extremities. Strie 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. parallel, radiate towards the ends, finely punctate; puncta
about 25 in 0,01 mm. — Verh. 1863 p. 156 Pl. IV f. 2. Danny. Balt. D. PL If. 4. V. H. Syn.
p- 71 PL IV f. 21, 22, A. S. Atl CLXXXV f. 39, 40, 45; CLXXXVIII f. 4 to 12. M. Kins-
mannit Lewis Proced. Ac. Nat. Hist. Philad. p. 13 PI. II f. 15 (1865).

Brackish water: Spitsbergen! Baltic! Caspian Sea! Saxony! North Sea! Mediterranean,
Adriatic and Black Seas! Red Sea (Grun.), Japan! Pensacola! Cape May (Lewis).

70. M. Debyi Cx. (1892). — V. narrow, rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,055; B. 0,014 mm. Median
line strongly flexuose. Central area quadrate, expanded into narrow, linear lateral areas, parallel
to the median line. Loculi 8 in 0,01 mm. quadrate, forming a narrow band reaching to the ends.
Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, finely punctate. — Diatomiste I p. 161 Pl. XXIII f. 11.
Nav. perducta Pant. HII Pl. XVIII f. 262 (1893). M. rhomboidalis Panv. III Pl. XLI f. 563 (1893)?

Marine: Karand, Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

71. M. baltjikiana Grun. (188 ?). —- V. elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,042;
B. 0,02 mm. Median line undulating. Central area broad, transverse, merging into two narrow,
lunate lateral areas. Loculi 6 to 8 in 0,01 mm., equal, rectangular, forming bands, ending at some
distance from the apices. Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, coarsely punctate; puncta
about 16 in 0,01 mm. — M. Brawnii var. baltjikiana Grun. in V. H. Types N:o 545. M. baltj.
A. 8. Atl CLXXXVIII f. 2. Icon. n. Pl. ID f. 11. M. Pethéi Panv. III Pl. XXXVI f. 519
(1893). M. neogena Pant. III Pl. XLI f. 559 (1893). M. Kinkerti Pant. IT Pl. XLI f. 562 (1898).
Navicula Orphet Pant. III Pl. XLII f. 580 (1893).

Marine: Baltjik, foss.!

Var. bullata Cu. — Areas with some few scattered, large puncta. L. 0,09; B. 0,024 mm.
Strie 17 in 0,01 mm. Puncta 16 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Russia, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

72. M. Macdonaldii Grav. (1865). — V. lanceolate to rhomboid, subacute. L. 0,035 to 0,045;
B. 0,013 to 0,017 mm. Median line slightly undulating. Central nodule transversely dilated into
a broad stauros. Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm., decreasing in size towards the extremities and with slightly
rounded interior edges. Striz 22 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout, crossed by large, semi-
lanceolate areas, punctate; puncta about 22 in 0,01 mm. forming somewhat undulating longitudinal
rows. — T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII p. 237 Pl. II f. 15. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVII f. 42, 43.
Icon. n. Pl. IL f. 21.

Marine: Corsica! Adriatic! Philippines! Australia (Grev.).

73. M. euxina Cu. (1892). — V. lanceolate. L. 0,07; B.0,o26 mm. Median line undulating,
Axial area narrow. Central nodule transversely dilated into a short stauros. Axial area narrow;
central area prolonged into the narrow, lunate lateral areas. Loculi 5 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate,
forming a band reaching nearly to the ends. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta
about 18 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. Axial strie short. — Diatomiste I
p- 160 Pl. XXIII f. 9.

Marine: Baltjik, fossil!

74. M. entoleia Cx. (1892). —- V. lanceolate. L. 0,07; B. 0,025 mm. Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm.
of equal size, rectangular, forming bands ending at some distance from the extremities. Median
line undulating. Axial area lanceolate, moderately broad. Striz 17 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta,
about 14 in 0.01 mm., forming longitudinal undulating rows. — Diatomiste I p. 160 Pl. XXIII
f. 8. A. S. Atl CLXXXVIII f. 15 to 17.

Marine: Baltjik, foss.!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wn:o 3. 159

A similar, not described, and insufficiently figured, form seems to be M. obtusa var. fluvia-
tis Brun in A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 18.

75. M. antiqua Ci. (1893). — V. rhomboid. L. 0,08; B. 0,03 mm, Median line slightly
undulating. Axial area a narrow, lanceolate space. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm., equal, quadrate, forming
a band inside the margin and ending at some distance from the extremities. Strie 18 in 0,01
mm. parallel, very slightly radiate at the ends, punctate; puncta 18 in 0,01 mm., forming undu-
lating longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste II p. 16 Pl. I f. 19.

Marine: Karand, Hungary, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

76. M. eruciata Leup. Fort. (1879). — V. rhomboid. L. 0,085 to 0,122; B. 0,053 to 0,057
mm. Central nodule transversely dilated into a stauros, not reaching to the margins. Median
line slightly undulating. Loculi? Lateral areas large, semilanceolate, crossed by faint striz.
Striz marginal and axial. Marginal striz 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 12 in 0,01 mm.
Axial strie short. —- Nav. cruc. Leup. Forrm. D. Ceylan p. 25 Pl. II f. 19. Mast. crue. Cu. Dia-
tomiste I p. 65 Pl. X f. 4 (1891). A. S. Atl. CLXXXVII f. 50.

Marine: Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Philippines!

77. M. Craveni Leup. Fort. (1879). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,111; B. 0,056 to 0,06
mm. Median line almost straight. Central area irregularly rounded, moderately large. Loculi?
Lateral areas large, with numerous and irregular longitudinal rows (about 7 in 0,01 mm.) of
elongated puncta. Strie marginal and axial. Marginal strie 12 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta
about 14 in 001 mm. — Navicula Crav. Leup. Fortm. D. Ceylan p. 25 Pl. II f. 20. Mastogl.
Crav. Cu. Diatomiste I p. 66 Pl. X f. 5.

Marine: Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)!

78. M. Leudugeri Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,12; B. 0,06 mm.
Median line undulating. Central area small, subquadrate. Axial area very narrow. Loculi 3 in
0,01 mm., quadrate, equal, forming a band, reaching to the extremities. Lateral areas broad, semi-
lanceolate, with numerous longitudinal rows (about 7 in 0,01 mm.) of short striz. Striz marginal
and axial, 14 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating, longitudinal rows.
-— Diatomiste I p. 65 Pl. X f. 3. A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXVI f. 13.

Marine: Macassar Straits! Singapore! Java!

79. M. lemniscata Leup. Forrm. (1879). —- V. rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,05 to 0,08; B. 0,025
to 0,043 mm. Median line slightly undulating. Loculi 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. quadrate, forming a
band reaching to the ends. Central area small, quadrate. Lateral areas large, semilanceolate,
with a few (3 to 4) longitudinal rows of short striw. Strie 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta
15 to 20 in 0,01 mm. — D. de Ceylon p. 35 Pl. TI f. 29. A. 8S. Atl, CLXXXVI f. 14. Icon. n.
Pl. IL f. 26. M. decora Levup. Forrm. 1. ec. f. 32.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck and Kinker Coll.)! Ceylon! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)!
Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Carpentaria Bay! Japan! Colon (Deby Coll.)!

80. M. javanica Cx. (1893). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate. L. 0,11; B, 0,o32 mm. Median line
slightly undulating. No axial or central areas. Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm. equal, rectangular, forming
a narrow band, reaching to the ends. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. parallel, slightly radiate at the ends,
composed of elongated puncta, forming longitudinal, parallel, straight rows, 12 in 0,01 mm. Sur-
face of the valve with a shallow, narrow, longitudinal depression, close to the median line. The
longitudinal rows of puncta are more distant on the depression. — A. S. Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 38.

Jeon. n. Pl. 1 f. 22, 23.
Marine: Java! Sumatra (Grove Coll.)!

160 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

81. M. obesa Cx. (1893). — V. broadly lanceolate, acuminate. L. 0,04; B. 0,024 mm. Me-
dian line slightly undulate. Axial area very narrow. Central area quadrate, extending into
narrow, lunate lateral areas. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate forming a band, ending near
the extremities. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. composed of coarse and distant puncta. Between the striz
and the lateral areas are a few rows of elongated puncta. — Diatomiste II p. 15 Pl. I f. 16.

Marine: Java!

82. M. Temperei Cu. (1890). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. IL. 0,11; B. 0,04 mm. Median line
undulate. Axial and central areas indistinct. Loculi? Lateral areas lunate with about 5 undu-
lating longitudinal rows of elongated puncta. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 10 in 0,01 mm.
forming undulate longitudinal rows. — Diatomiste I p. 23 Pl. III f. 3.

Marine: Japan, fossil!

Nearly akin to M. Jelineckit, probably a variety of it.

83. M. Jelineckii Grun. (1863). — V. rhombical. L. 0,06 to 0,11; B. 0,025 to 0,045 mm.
Median line almost straight. Axial area small, transverse. Loculi 3 to 4 in 0,01 mm. delicate,
with rounded interior edges, forming a narrow band, reaching to the apices. Lateral areas large,
with faint prolongations of the strie. Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm punctate; puncta 10 to 18 in
0,o1 mm. forming irregular, oblique rows. — Navic. Jel. Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 151 Pl. V f. 12.
Mastogl. Jel. Grun. Novara p. 99 Pl. I f. 11. T. M. Soe. 1877 p. 174 Pl. CXCV f. 1. A.S. Atl.
CLXXXVII f. 49. Nav. quarnerensis var. dilatata Prtrr D. Campbell p. 21 Pl. V f. 24? Nav.
subrhomboidea Castr. Voyage challenger D. p. 30 Pl. XX f. 4? Mastogl. Jel. var. italica B. A.S.
Atl. CLXXXVII f. 48.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Seychelles (Van Heurck Coll.)! Madagascar (Van Heurck Coll.)!
Java! Sumbava (Kinker Coll.)! Manilla (Deby Coll.)! China! West Indies! Brazil!

Var. fossilis Cu. — L. 0,07; B. 0,03 mm. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. the median alternately
longer and shorter. Puncta 14 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Russia, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

Var. marina (Jan. a. Rapu.?) Ct. — V. rhomboid. L. 0,04 to 0,07; B. 0,017 to 0,025 mm.
Loculi 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. Lateral areas narrow, frequently with a row of short striz at their
exterior edges. Strie 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta 25 in 0,01 mm. Nav. mar.
Jan. Rasy. D. Honduras p. 10 Pl. II f. 16? Icon. n. Pl. II f. 18.

Marine: Honduras (Jan. Rabh.), Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Java! Philippines (Grove Coll.):

84. M. submarginata Ci. and Grun. (1881). — V. lanceolate subacute. L. 0,04 to 0,055;
B. 0,017 to 0,018 mm. Median line straight. Central area quadrate, merging into the lunate,
structureless, or faintly striate, large lateral areas. Loculi rudimentary 5 to 8 in 0,01 mm. Striz
19 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 23 in 0,01 mm. — N. R. D. p. 4 Pl If. 2.

Marine: Galapagos Islands! Campeachy Bay (Grun.).

85. M. Kellerii Panr. (1889). —- V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,09 to 0,12; B. 0,038 to 0,036
mm. Median line undulate. Central and axial areas small or indistinct. Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm.,
equal, quadrate, forming a band extending along the whole margin. Depressed lateral areas lunate
with crowded longitudinal rows (6 in 0,01 mm.) of short strie. Striz 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. punc-
. tate; puncta about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Navicula Kellerii Pant. II p. 49 Pl. XXIII f. 351.
Marine: Hungary, fossil, Bory!

86. M. japonica Cx. (1892). — V. elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,045 to 0,065; B. 0,02 to 0,027
mm. Median line strongly undulate. Axial area narrow, distinct. Loculi 6 in 0,01 mm. equal,
quadrate, forming a band, ending in the apices. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm., of elongated puncta,
forming longitudinal parallel rows, 12 in 0,01 mm.; the two rows next to the median line more
distant. — Diatomiste I p. 162 Pl. XXIII f. 16.

Marine: Japan (Tempére)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. w:o 3. 161

87. M. seriata Cu. a. Grove (1891). — V. broadly lanceolate, acuminate. L. 0,06; B. 0,036
mm. Median line undulate. Central area small, rounded. Loculi 4 in 0,01 mm. equal, quadrate,
forming a band reaching to the ends. Surface of the valve with 5 to 6 shallow, longitudinal
furrows on each side of the median line. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout, in the middle
alternately longer and shorter, finely punctate. — Diatomiste I p. 66 Pl. X fi 6.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

All these species from M. Leudugeri are intimately connected. M. seriata combines them
with M. quinquecostata var. rhombica

88. M. quinquecostata Grun. (1860). — V. elliptical to subrhomboid. L. 0,057 to 0,104;
B. 0,022 to 0,o3 mm. Median line more or less undulate. Central area small. Loculi 4 to 5 in
0,o1 mm. almost equal, forming a band reaching nearly to the ends. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm.,
slightly radiate, finely punctate; puncta forming close, undulate, longitudinal rows. Striz crossed
on each side of the median line by 2 or 3 longitudinal, narrow depressions. — Verh. 1860 p. 578
Pl. VII f. 8. Hanrzscn D. Ostind. Arch. p. 20 f. 6. Prac. D. Villefranche Pl. IIT f. 21. Navie.
olivacea Leup. Fortm. D. Ceylan p. 32 Pl. II f. 23 (1879). Mast. obscura Lxup. Forrm. 1. c. p. 36
Pl. III f. 33 (1879). Nawvic. Egeria Panr. III Pl. XLII f. 578 (1893)? Mast. Grunowtt A.8. Atl.
CLXXXVI f. 1 to 7.

Marine: Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas! Cape of Good Hope! Kerguelen’s Land (Castr.),
Sumbava! Java! Samoa!

Var. kerguelensis Castr. (1886). — Elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,045; B. 0,018 mm. Loculi 5 in
0,01 mm. Striz 27 in 0,01 mm. — M. kerg. Castr. Voyage Challenger D. p. 22 Pl. XV f. 11.

Marine: Labuan! Upolu (Grun.), Kerguelen’s Land (Castr.).

Var. concinna A. S. (1893). — V. almost rhomboid. L. 0,05; B. 0,022 mm. Loculi some-

what unequal, forming an undulate band along the margin. Strie 22 to 23 in 0,01 mm. — MM.
conc. A. S. Atl. CLXXXVI f. 9.

Marine: Corsica! Pithyusian Islands! Samoa!

Var. elongata Leup. Fortm. (1879). — V. narrow, rhombic-lanceolate. L. 0,105 to 0,111;
B. 0,03 mm. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. Puncta about 19 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal rows. —
M. elong. Levp. Forrm. D. Ceylan p. 35 Pl. III f. 31. A. S. Atl CLXXXVI f. 12.

Marine: Madagascar (Van Heurck Coll.)! Ceylon (Leud. Fortm.).

Var. rhombica Cu. — V. rhomboid. L. 0,072; B. 0.036 mm. Median line slightly undulate.
Central nodule very small. Loculi 3,5 to 4 in 0,01 mm. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate,
stronger at the margin, fainter inwards, crossed by about 4 longitudinal shallow depressions,
punctate; puncta about 20 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Ceylon! Madagascar!

M. quinquecostata is a very variable species, closely connected with all the above forms from
M. cruciata. More or less connected with M. quinquecostata are M. quinquecostata var. neapolitana
Brun (A. 8. Atl CLXXXVI f. 10), M. sinuata A. S. (Lc. f. 11), M. mauritiana Bron (A. S.
Atl. 1. c. f. 28), M. sansibarica A. S. (1. c. CLXXXVII f. 44), all forms, of which I have had

no opportunity of examining original specimens.

Additional.

M. Brunii A. 8. (1893) — appears to be allied with M. fallax — Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 27.

M. chersonensis A. S. (1893) — seems to be related to M. elegans, but the figure is in-
sufficient for identification. — Atl. CLXXXVI f. 81, 32.

M. divergens A. 8. (1893) — a characteristic form, which however I cannot class in the
system as the figure is not sufficient. — Atl. CLXXXVII f. 52.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. No 3. 21

162 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

M.? dubia Cu. N. Sp. — V. broadly lanceolate, with cuneate ends. B. 0,07; B. 0,03 mm.
Median line straight. No axial area. Central area small, orbicular. Along the median line is a
row of elongated puncta. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. composed of distant, elongated puncta, forming
undulating, longitudinal rows, about 12 in 0,01 mm. Loculi not seen. — Pl. II f. 38.

Marine: Barbados, foss.!

This form, of which I have found one specimen only, is perhaps a Navicula, but if so J
know of no allied form, nor am I acquainted with any kindred species of Mastogloia.

M. egregia A. S. (1893) — a form of the group of M. lemniscata. — Atl. CLXXXVI f. 16,

M. electa A. S. (1893). — V. lanceolate, subapiculate. L. 0,056; B. 0,022 mm. Axial area
narrow, but distinct. Transverse strie 12 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate throughout, composed of
puncta, arranged in obliquely decussating rows. Loculi 3 in 0,01 mm. of equal size, quadrate,

forming a band extending to the extremities. — Atl. CLXXXVII f. 3. Seems to be akin to
M. rostellata and M. asperula.

Marine: Sandwich Islands (Atl.).

M. Folioluom Brun (1893). — The figure is insufficient for description. — A. S. Atl.
CLXXXVII f. 45.

M. funafutensis A. S. (1893). — V. lanceolate, apiculate. L. 0,016; B. 0,018 mm. Median
line straight. No areas and no furrows. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, of coarse equi-
distant puncta, 9 in 0,01 mm. Loculi 7 in 0,01 mm. rectangular, forming a marginal band, ex-
tending to the extremities. — Atl. CLXXXVII f. 13. Characteristic species.

Marine: Funafuti (Atl).

M. Griindleri A. S. (1893). — V. rhomboid-lanceolate. J. 0,045; B. 0,018 mm. Central
nodule unusually elongated. No areas. Striz 13 in 0,01 mm. transverse, composed of distinct

puncta. Loculi 5 in 0,01 mm., quadrate, in a marginal row reaching to the ends of the valve. —
Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 26. Seems to be akin to M. affinis.

Marine: Campeachy Bay!

M. intersecta A. 8S. (1893) resembles M. erythrea, but the fig. which shews longitudinal
lines, is too little detailed for description and identification. — Atl. CLXXXVI f. 38.

M. (Orthonets) latericia A. 8S. (1898). —- V. broadly elliptical, with subrostrate ends. L. 0,07;
B. 0,04 mm. Median line straight. No areas. Transverse rows of alveoli 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate. Alveoli rectangular, arranged in obliquely decussating, curved rows. Loculi 4 in 0,01
mm. rounded quadrate, of equal size, forming a marginal band, extending to the extremities. —
Atl. CLXXXVIII f. 40. A remarkable species, in some respects allied with M. asperula.

Marine: Kings Mill Island (Atl).

M. peracuta Janiscu (1893). An apiculate form, apparently akin to M. Rhombus, but the
figure is too little detailed for identification — Atl. CLXXXVII f. 87.
M. radians A. 8. (1893). — Probably no Mastogloia, but a small form of Diploneis nitescens,
at any rate too insufficiently figured to be admitted in to the system. — Atl]. CLXXXVIII f. 28.

M. remota A. S. (1893). — The figure is not sufficient for description. — Atl. CLXX XVIII f. 29.

M. tumescens A. 8. (1893). — This form is too imperfectly figured to be admitted into
the system. — Atl. CLXXXVII f. 20.

Stigmaphora Watticu (1860). This genus, of which I have not seen any species, was founded by
Watticu (T. M. 8. VIII p. 43). It seems to be akin to Mastogloia and comprises two pelagic species:
1. 8. rostrata Watttcn (1860). — V. lanceolate, slightly gibbous in the middle, abruptly
constricted between the middle and the ends. L. 0,09 to 0,095; B. 0,014 to 0,015 mm. Along the

median line is a row of equidistant puncta. Loculi 2 on each side, small, cuneate. — T. M. S.
VIII p. 43 Pl. Il f. 5, 6. — Pelagic: Indian Ocean (W.), Honduras (Grun.).
2. 8. lanceolata Wauticu (1860). — V. lanceolate, acute. Median line without puncta,

otherwise as S. rostrata. — L. c. f. 7, 8. — Pelagic: Indian Ocean.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wn:o 3. 163

Achnanthee.

Frustule with dissimilar valves, the upper without, the lower with, central nodule and me-
dian line, usually bent along the longitudinal (Cocconeis) or along the transverse axis (Achnanthes).

As early as 1783 O. F. Mttizr observed an Achnanthes, named by him Conferva armillaris
(= A. longipes). Another species was in 1819 named by Lynepye Echinella stipitata (A. brevipes).
The generic name Achnanthes was given in 1822 by Bory Sr. Vincent. In his Conspectus criticus
diat, 1832, J. Acarpu defined the genus as »frustilla (1. articuli) convexa, pauca, in frondem vexilli-
formem (vexillum) stipitatum coadunata» (coordinata?) Kirzine, who correctly observed that the
lower valves only of Achnanthes and Cocconeis have a central nodule, formed in 1844 a section
»Monostomatice» (Bac. p. 70) comprising the ‘Cocconeidee, with the genera Cocconeis and Dory-
phora, and the Achnanthee, including the genera Achnanthes, Achnanthidium and Cymbosira, di-
stinguished by the genuflexed frustules, Achnanthes comprising stipitate, Achnanthidium free living
forms, and Cymbosira those, in which the frustules are connected as in Diatoma. Hxrpera (Consp.
Crit. Diat. 1863) rejected these distinctions, as founded exclusively on the manner in which the
frustules occur in the living state, but retained the names Achnanthes and Achnanthidium, the
former for those forms which have a double structure, of coste, alternating with double rows of
puncta; the latter for those which have no coste. This view has not been adopted. Grunow
(Verh. 1860 p. 511) included in the family Achnanthee, besides Achnanthes and Achnanthidium,
both in the sense of Ktrzine, also Cocconeis, and Rhoicosphenia, a genus formed for receiving
Gomphonema curvatum of older authors; but in the year 1862 (Verh. p. 116) he separated as a
distinct family Cocconeidee, comprising Cocconeis, Campyloneis and Rhaphoneis. He published in
1880 (Arct. Diat. p. 17) a very valuable synopsis of <Achnanthes, retained A. longipes in the
same genus as A. subsessilis, but reserved the name Achnanthidium for A. flexellum, or Cocconeis
Thwaitesu W. Sm.

The genus Cocconeis was formed in 1838 by Eurenzzre. The species of this genus usually
have a broad, elliptical outline, and live attached to alge by their lower valves, which is probably
the cause that the frustules are genuflexed along the longitudinal axis, thus differing from Ach-
nanthes, in which genus the frustules are genuflexed along the transverse axis. In course of time
a number of diatoms with elliptical outline were described by authors as Cocconeis, although their
valves were similar, and in 1867, Grunow (Novara p. 8) tried to bring order into this chaos. He
there defined the family Cocconeidez as follows:

»Naviculoid diatoms, attached by their flatter side to alge, with or without gelatinous
envelopes; with dissimilar and bent, or similar and straight valves. Interior costate stratum of
the lower or of both valves absent, present in a rudimentary state, or strongly developed by
the vertical elevation of the ribs into marginal loculi.

He included in this family Campyloneis, Cocconeis, Orthoneis and Mastogloia In the genus
Anorthoneis, formed for receiving Cocconeis excentrica, he sees a connecting link between Cocconeidee
and Cymbellee. In the year 1880 (Arct. Diat. p. 16) he separated Mastogloia and Orthoneis, in-
cluding them in a new family, Mastogloiacee.

The true Clocconeidew and Achnanthee resemble each other in the dissimilarity of their
valves, the lower being naviculoid, the upper without central nodule and median line, but with
an axial pseudo-raphe or area. The only respect in which they differ is in the manner in which
the frustules are genuflexed, but the latter characteristic is not of generic importance. One may
easily feel inclined to unite in one group or family all diatoms with dissimilar valves, and form
new genera of species which are related. Although this course appears to me to be the only
one, by which one may hope to bring order into the chaos of forms, I consider that such a
family would be far from a natural one, and would comprise widely different types. The dissimi-

164 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

larity of the valves appears to me, just as the asymmetry, rather as a facies common to different
types, than a characteristic of allied forms. There are among the true naviculoid diatoms several
more or less arcuate forms with slightly or strongly dissimilar valves, although both have a
central nodule and a median line. For such forms, belonging to the sections Lineolate and Micro-
stigmatice of Navicula Grunow formed the genus Rhoiconeis, and PzragaLio has recently proved
that the valves of Gyrosigma compactum are very dissimilar. In Rhoicosphenia, which belongs
to the true Achnanthee, we meet with a form, which in many characteristics, especially of the
cell-contents, appears to be nearly akin to Gomphonema. Many of the species of Cocconeis have a
loculiferous rim and are so nearly akin to the elliptical forms of Mastogloie, that it seems justifiable
to believe them to be Mastogloie, degenerated by their parasitical habits. It thus appears that the
flexure of the frustule is connected with a dissimilar development of the valves, and the differences
become more striking, when the frustules are stipitate or attached to alge or other objects. The
lower valve maintains its naviculoid characteristics, but the upper undergoes more or less com-
plete changes. From this it seems probable that the forms of Cocconeis and Achnanthes are Navicule
degenerated by their manner of living. The original Navicule probably belonged to very different
types and have undergone analogous changes. I think it evident that Cocconeis and Achnanthes
comprise forms which frequently have very little real affinity. The classification offers many
difficulties, but I believe that to this end the structure of the lower valve is of more importance
than that of the upper valve. A characteristic, which appears to me to be also of importance, is
the presence or absence of a marginal rim, which occurs in C. Placentula, C. Scutellum and others,
and is probably of the same nature as the loculiferous plates in Mastogloia. Some forms are probably
akin to the section Mesoleie of Navicula, as C. minor to Navicula Rotaeana. Others, such as
C. reticulata seem to be connected with the section Punctate. The curious A. danica is remarkable
for the highly inclined striz of the lower valve and resembles in this respect the section Hetero-
stiche of Navicula. If we consider also that Rhoicosphenia is a Gomphonema-like Achnanthes, we
feel that the family Achnanthee represents rather a facies belonging to widely different types
than a family of allied species. The interior of the cells and the formation of the auxospores
point to the same conclusion. There is a great resemblance in this respect between Cocconeis
Pediculus and Achnanthes lanceolata, both having a single chromatophore-plate along the upper
valve, but in Achnanthes brevipes the chromatophore-plates are two, placed along the walls of the
connecting zone, as in Navicula.

It is possible that by a long continued degeneration, the lower valve of the frustule may
also lose its central nodule and median line, in which case the form would become a Rhaphoneis.
Some points of resemblance between Achnanthes and Rhabdonema (and its allied genera) seem to
exist. In Geplyria we meet with the arcuate and stipitate frustule of Achnanthes. The structure
of the upper valve of A. groenlandica and <A. longipes is the same as in Rhabdonema. The
zone of both forms is striate, and rudiments of septa exist in A. groenlandica and. A. baceata,
also in Rhoicosphenia curvata. There is certainly a great difference between Rhabdonema (and
allied genera) and Achnanthes in the cell-contents, but it may be observed that the chromato-
phore-plate of Cocconeis by its marginal incisions seems to have a tendency to become split up in
several patches.

In a truly natural system the genera, belonging to the Achnanthee, would be distributed
in widely distant places, but I think it advisable, to avoid a too intricate synonymy, to keep
them provisionally together in a family, and to retain for the forms the old generic names of
Coceoneis and Achnanthes, under which they are usually known. For the new subgenera, which I
propose, I give the following key:

1 vas asymmetrical. . 8 8. ..... Gi cake dee OR. «gee SOE
: — symmetrical. . ee rm RSS hs a Bide
9 Uo caet to the longitudinal axis... ww ee en Anorthoneis Grun.

— = dransyerses.¢ 24 ek ace we -. .. . .Rhoicosphenia Grun.

KONGL. 8V. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 27. wo 3. 165

a with an interior skeleton ye Se . Campyloneis Grun.
8. — amarginalrim. .... : eat oe. ce. hee 4,
without skeleton or rim. ..... A! oe 5.

x ee valve costate, cost alternating with double rows of autala ; . Pleuroneis Cu.

— punctate-striate 2... 2... 00. 00000UUlk . Cocconeis Cu.

5. ee Lower valve with coste alternating with double rows i puncta . Achnanthes Bory
— ecostate. so ; , 3 : 6.
6. ead valve costate eo Gay . aioe, «48 7.
— not costate Be) ae ie 4.8 bee ee By ttt See Bs

7. pea area of the upper valve broad or lanceolate . i . . Heteroneis Cu.
— — narrow orarib. . 3 ; : .. 10.

8. eee ne elliptical pe, ok : Eucocconeis Cu.
narrow, linear or lanceolate ‘ F ; , suas 9;

9. agent finely punctate striae ae : - 1. . 4 « « Microneis Cu.

coarsely punctate strie. .... ar. ee Achnanthidium Cu.

10. aes Valve elliptical ..... be att) - oe we 4 es . Disconeis Cu.

lanceolate or rhomboid... dale. os. Ce bas . , Actinoneis Cu.

Rhoicosphenia Grun. (1860).

Valves dissimilar, strongly asymmetrical to the transverse axis, clavate. Upper valve
without central nodule and median line, but with an axial area. Lower valve with central nodule
and longitudinal line. Structure of both valves: transverse, finely punctate strie. Frustule usually
stipitate, cuneate, with short diaphragms at the ends. Connecting zone not complex.

Cell-contents a single chromatophore-plate along one of the interior walls of the zone and
both valves, with the opening along the other wall of the zone, with slight sinuses at the base
and the ends, and also towards the ventral nodule; but there is no deep fissure below the median
line. Division of the plate as in Gomphonema (Pritzer, Bau u. Entw. p. 91). In conjugating
the cells behave as Gomphonema, but when the auxopores attain to the length of the mother-cells
they become enclosed in a silicious, transversely costate, membrane, inside which the primordial
cells originate (Thwaites).

The species which for long was the only one in this genus was in 1833 named by Kurzine
Gomphonema minutissimum, or G. curvatum, and was first (1860) by Grunow removed as Rhovco-
sphenia curvatum to the family Achnanthee. Notwithstanding the dissimilarity of the valves
Rhoicosphenia bears a close resemblance to Gomphonema both in exterior and interior respects.
There is also some affinity to the Tabellariee, especially in the diaphragms at the ends of the
frustule.

1. R. curvata Kirz (1833). — V. clavate, with rounded, obtuse upper end, and more
narrow, attenuated, obtuse base. L. 0,015 to 0,025; B. 0,003 to 0,045 mm. Upper V. with narrow,
centrally placed axial area, and parallel strie, about 16 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with narrow
or indistinct axial, and small elongated, central area. Median line with somewhat distant
central pores, and about 15 strie in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout and stronger in the middle. —
Gomphonema minutissimum Kitz. Dec. N:o 76 (1833) according to Lagst. G. curvatum Kirz.
Linnea X p. 567 Pl. XVI f. 51 (1838), according to Lagst. W. Sm. B. D. p. 81 Pl. XXIX
f. 245, 246. Rhoicosphenia curvata V. H. Syn. p. 127 Pl. XXVI f. 1 to 3. Coin, marinum
W. Sm. B. D. I p. 81 Pl. XXIX f. 246.

Fresh and brackish water: Arctic America! Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Cape Desch-
neff! Behring Island! Europe generally, Baltic and Caspian seas! Atlantic coasts of Europe and
America! Cape Good Hope (Grun.), New Zealand (Grun.), S:t Pauls Island! Honduras (Jan. Rabh.),

Var. major CL. — L. 0,07; B. 0.008 mm. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm.

Fresh water: Pitt River, Oregon!

166 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. fracta Scuum. (1862). — V. almost symmetrical, gibbous in the middle, from which it
tapers to the ends. L. 0,034 to 0,047; B. 0,005 to 0,007 mm. Striz 9 in 0301 mm. — Gomph.
fractum Scuum. P. D. p. 187 f. 32.

Fresh and brackish water: Kénigsberg, Baltic (Schum.), Caspian Sea (Grun.).

2. R. Van Heurckii Grun. (1881). — V. slightly clavate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse.
L. 0,007 to 0,009; B. 0,003 to 0,005 mm. Upper V. with broad, lanceolate area, and radiate mar-
ginal strie, 14 to 15 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. without distinct area, and radiate strie, 18 in 0,01
mim..— V. H. Syn. p. 127 Pl. XXVIf. 5 to 9.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.).

Anorthoneis Grun. (1867).

Valves dissimilar, orbicular. Upper valve without central nodule and median line, but with
an excentric axial area. Lower valve with excentric median line and central nodule. Structure
of both valves similar: puncta arranged in radiate striz.

This genus was proposed by Grunow (Nov. p. 9) for Cocconeis excentrica Donx., the closer
affinities of which species are obscure, auhengh there is some resemblance in the sradtare to
Mastogloia cribrosa.

1. A. excentrica Donk. (1858). — V. orbicular, 0,025 to 0,045 mm. in diameter. Upper
valve with a narrow axial area not reaching to the margin and dilated in the middle to a small,
rounded central area. Strie 10 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, in the middle alternately longer
and shorter, distinctly punctate; puncta 10 in 0,01 mm. forming longitudinal or irregularly oblique
rows. Striz and puncta closer towards the margin, about 13 in 0,01 mm., which gives the valve
the appearance of being bordered with a rim. Lower V. thinner, with distinct median line, the
ends of which do not reach the margin. Central pores approximate. Axial and central area in-
distinct. Striation as in the upper valve. — Coccon. excentr. Donx. T. M.S. VI p. 25 Pl. III
f. 11. A. 8. Atl. CXCIII, 57.

Marine, estuaries: Firth of Tay! English Channel! Mount Desert Island, Maine!

This species lives free among the sands of the beach, not attached to alge.

2. A. ourystoma Ci. N. Sp. — Upper V. almost orbicular, about 0,04 mm. in diameter.
Axial area large, lanceolate. Strie throughout radiate and alternately longer and shorter, 14 (at
the margin) or 10 (at the area) in 0,01 mm., composed of puncta, larger towards the area (about
10 in 0,01 mm.) than at the margin (about 12 in 0,01 mm.) and forming undulating longitudinal
rows. — Pl. III f. 12.

Marine: Pensacola!

Of this species I have seen some few upper valves only, but Grunow sent me, many years
ago, a shetch of a similar valve with central nodule and median line under the ms. name of Alloio-
neis cocconeiformis N. Sp. It seems to be nearly allied to the symmetrical Cocconeis Kinkeri

A. §. Atl. CXCI, 37.

Campyloneis Grun. (1862).

Valves dissimilar, in outline elliptical or orbicular. Upper valve without central nodule
and median line, with radiate rows of coarse puncta or alveoli. Lower valve with central nodule
and median line, with radiate, finely punctate strie. Between both valves, and connected to the
lower valve by some vertical processes, is an interior silicious skeleton of more or less com-
plicated structure.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. wN:0 3. 167

C. Grevillei was described 1853 by W. SmitH as Cocconeis, but in 1862 (Verh. p. 115)
Grunow placed it in Campyloneis, a new genus which he formed for the reception of an allied
form, C. Argus, now considered as a variety of C. Grevillei. The most striking feature in Campy-
loneis is the interior silicious skeleton, which is frequently found isolated from the valves. This
skeleton, which varies greatly in its form, is in the entire frustule attached by some vertical
processes to the lower valve. It is evidently analogous to the annulus of several Cocconeis-forms
and to the loculiferous plate of Mastogloia.

Campyloneis lives attached to marine alge and occurs in temperate and tropical seas,
where it is plentiful, and occurs in a great variety of forms, which are all closely connected, how-
ever different they may appear.

1. C. Grevillei W. Sm. (1853). — V. broadly elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,02 to
0,01; B. 0,017 to 0,09 mm. Upper V. with or without a depressed axial part, with transverse
rows of puncta or alveoli. Lower valve with straight median line, not reaching to the margin;
its central pores approximate. Striation much finer than on the upper valve.

This most variable species comprises a number of forms, which may be distributed in the
following varieties:

Var. Argus Grun. (1862). — L. 0,03 to 0,05; B. 0,025 to 0,05 mm. Upper valve with a
more or less distinct, narrow axial area. Transverse rows of puncta about 6 in 0,01 mm. Longi-
tudinal rows 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with 14 striae and 18 puncta in 0,01 mm. Interior
skeleton of distinct transverse ribs, united to an axial rib. — Campyl. Argus Grun. Verh. 1862
p- 429 Pl. VIL f 9, 10. Novara p. 10. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIII f. 16. Rhaphoneis suborbicularis
O'Meara M. J. (n. s.) VII Pl. VII?

Marine: English Channel! Galway (Grove Coll.)! Iceland (Grun.)! Island of Rhea (Singapore)!

Var. typica Cu. — L. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,025 to 0,o4 mm. Upper V. with a depressed, lanceo-
late area. Strie 6 in 0,01 mm., outside of the area composed of distinct puncta, inside of short
ribs, formed of fused puncta. Lower V. as in Var. Argus. Striz about 18 in 0,01 mm. Skeleton
of transverse ribs connected by an axial and, usually, by several lateral ribs. — Coccon. Grev.
W. Sm. B. D. I p. 22 Pl. IIT f. 35. Campyl. Grev. Grun. Novara p. 11 1867. Pxrir D. de Camp-
bell Pl. IV f. 5. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIII f. 10, 11. Camp. Grev. var. obliqua Grun. Nov. p. 11
Pl. I f. 5 (small form). Coccon. villosa Perac. D. de Villefranche Pl. IV f. 35 (lower valve)?

Marine: S:t Pauls Island (Grun.), New Zealand! Sandwich Islands! Japan! Ceylon! Gala-
pagos Islands! Monterey! West Indies! Eng. Channel (W. Sm.).

Var. microsticta Grun. (1881). — L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,032 to 0,035 mm. Upper valve as
in Var. Argus, skeleton as in Var. typica. Strie 7 in 0,o1 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIII f. 8, 9.

Marine: King Georges Sound!

Var. rvegalis Grev. (1859). — Almost orbicular. L. 0,07 to 0,1; B. 0,05 to 0,09 mm. Upper
valve with depressed lanceolate area, the interior part of which forms a structureless, more or less
narrow space. Alveoli rectangular, inside finely punctate, forming radiate rows, about 4 in 0,01
mm., on the depressed area, at least at its marginal part, prolonged. Lower V. as in the other
varieties, but more coarsely striate, strie 8 in 0,01 mm. Puncta of the strie 8 in 0,01 mm. In-
terior skeleton very complicated, having at the margin radiate coste 11/, to 2 in 0,01 mm., which
send off numerous short lateral branches. — Cocconeis regalis Grev. M. J. VII p. 156 Pl. VIL f. 1.
V. H. Syn. XXVIII f. 13, 14 (small form).

Marine: Japan! Californian guano (Grev.), S:ta Monica, fossil!

The varieties of Camp. Grevillei are exceedingly variable. .The interior skeleton especially
is subject to great variations. Cocconeis radiata Gree. (T. M. S. V p. 68 Pl. IV f. 26; 1857) is
probably the interior skeleton of C. Grevillei. In the deposit of Oamaru occur very complicated
skeletons of a form akin to the var. regalis, A similar skeleton is named by Brun Cocconeis

168 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Totare Diatomiste II Pl. VI f. 5. As Campyoneis notabilis Brun has described a form from Ro-
driguez, which, to judge from the figure seems not to differ essentially from C. Grevillei.

Cocconeis (Eus.) Ct.

Valve in outline broadly elliptical. Upper valve ecostate, with a more or less narrow longitu-
dinal axial area. Structure: puncta or alveoli arranged in transverse and, frequently, longitu-
dinal rows. Lower valve usually with a marginal line or marginal area. Between the valves is
a more or less rudimentary, loculiferous annulus. Frustules usually bent along the longitudinal
axis. Cell-contents (of C. Pediculus) a single chromatophore-plate, along the inside of the upper
valve, lacerate at the margin and with a deep sinus from the margin to the centre, where the
nucleus is embedded in the central plasma-mass (Prrvzzr, Bau u. Entw. p. 87). In conjugation
two cells split at the lower valve and secrete a voluminous gelatinous mass, inside which is
formed a large globular auxospore, the exosporium of which is hyaline and without ribs. The in-
terior of the auxospores contains a lacerate endochrome-plate (Barscow: Siissw. Bac. p. 97).

This genus comprises the most common species of the old genus Cocconeis. The obsoletely
loculiferous rim indicates that these species are akin to Mastogloia, probably degenerated forms of
that genus. In several forms of C. Scutellum the rows of puncta end near the margin in short
double rows of smaller puncta, as is also the case with Mastogloia (Orthoneis) splendida.

All these forms, C. gibbocalyx perhaps excepted, live attached to alge and other objects
in the water by the lower valve. C. Placentula, C. Pediculus and C. Disculus live in fresh, but
also, especially C. Pedic., in brackish water. The other species are marine, but C. Scutellum
also occurs in brackish water.

Artificial key.

Median line sigmoid ........ es Gelptals . C. australis Per.
1.
‘bese — straight ... SS at ae ra?
9. eee area of the upper valve inncwolate re ; : 3.
_ — linear : 3 4.
3. ee very road, Marine . . ; . : 3 C. grata A. 8.
moderately broad. Paiwake sabia C. Disculus Scuum.
4. ie Upper valve finely striate . F : eek 5.
— with coarse puncta or ages ap bh Be es 6.
5. ee valve with a marginal line ol: ut : C. Placentula Exp.
_ — without... . C. Pediculus Ens.
6. ks pper valve coarsely reticulate . : vg C. Van Heurckii Cu.
— punctate ieire eis. caveh bs
7. ae argin of the upper valve finely striate... .. . 3 Bs ahi as 8.
_ — not — . . eg! Ags
8. ‘hex of puneta in the upper valve 4 to 5 in 0, o1 mm. C. granulifera Gron.
_ —- — 8to9 — —- . .. ... CG. eruciata Pant.
9. Nees jenveclaee. dag Saree: Catena ewe ee . . . . C. gibbocalyx Broun.
elliptical 4% dae, Abe. ph Rue eh es a« ax dO;
Puncta of the upper dive icwing eqitdislant transverse and iustialiy)
10. straight longitudinal rows C. Scutellum Ens.

= oa a not — = _— —.. ...C. distans Grue.

1. C€. granulifera Grev. (1861). —- Outline elliptical, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,028
to 0,057; B. 0,018 to 0,038 mm. Upper V. with finely striate margin (strie 17 in 0,01 mm.),
narrow axial area and radiate rows (4 to 5 in 0,01 mm.) of large puncta (about 5 in each row).
Lower V. with finely striate margin (striz 20 in 0,01 mm.). Axial area indistinct; central area
small rounded. Median line straight, reaching to the margin. Striz about 13 in 0,01 mm. strongly

KONGL..SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%. w:o 3. 169

radiate and distinctly punctate. Marginal area narrow. — T. M. S. IX p. 73 Pl. VII f. 19.

A. 8. Atl CXCIII, 34. Icon. n. Pl. II f. 36, 37. C. distans Gree. D. of Clyde p. 490 Pl. IX

f. 23 (1857). Pritch. Inf. Pl. VIL f. 38. C. regalis Pur. D. de Villefranche p. 37 Pl. II f. 12?
Marine: Coasts of Scotland (Greg, Grev.) and Norway! Balearic Islands! Galapagos Islands!

2. C. Pediculus Enz. (1838). — Outline broadly elliptical, frequently subrhomboidal or
malformate. L. 0,015 to 0,03; B. 0,01 to 0,o2 mm. Upper V. with a linear, axial area somewhat
constricted in the middle. Striz 17 to 18 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate; puncta forming undulate,
longitudinal rows. Lower V. frequently with traces of a loculiferous rim. Axial area indistinct.
Central area small, suborbicular. Strie 16 to 17 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, radiate, not reaching
to the margin, where is a hyaline, narrow rim. Annulus with rudimentary loculi. — Inf. p. 194.
Pi, AXT £ 1, We Si B: D1 Pl Wf Bl. Vo Be Syn. p, 133 Pl, RXX £28 to 30... AWS.
Atl. CXCII, 56, 58 to 63. Cocc. sigmoidea Scuum. P. D. II Nachtr. Pl. I f. 14? OC. tenera Scuvum.
II Nachtr. p. 54 f. 15? C. Placentula var. baltica Danner. p. 14 Pl. I f. 1 (1882)? C. excentrica
‘'Gutw. Mater. p. 27 f. 22?

Fresh or brackish water: throughout Europe! Baltic! Caspian Sea (Grun.)! Michigan!
Ecuador!

Var. Salinarum Pant. (1889). — L. 0,021; B. 0,012 mm. Strize of the lower valve 25 in
0,01 mm. — Pant. IT p. 58 Pl. XXVII f. 393.

Brackish water: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

3. C. Placentula Eup. (1838). — Outline elliptical. L. 0,0125 to 0,035; B. 0,008 to 0,02
mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear, not constricted, axial area. Strize 25 in 0,01 mm. finely
punctate; puncta forming undulate, close longitudinal rows. Lower V. with distinct marginal
line, frequently also a loculiferous rim (loculi 15 in 0,01 mm.). Median line straight, not reaching
to the ends. Strie 23 in 0,01 mm. — Inf. p. 194. W. Sm. B. D.I Pl. III f. 82. V. H. Syn. p. 133
Pl. XXX f. 26, 27. A. S. Atl. CXCII, 38 to 51. C. punctata Scuum. Tatra D. p. 60 Pl. IT f. 20.
C. producta A. 8. Atl. CXCI, 2.

Fresh or brackish water: throughout Europe! Baltic! Caspian Sea (Grun.), Tasmania! New
Zealand! Illinois! California! Mexico! Ecuador!

Var. intermedia Hire. a. Prrac. (1893). — L. 0,05 to 0,07 mm. Upper V. with coarser
rows of puncta, 12 (margin) to 15 (axial part) in 0,01 mm. — C. intermedia Hérts. a. Perac. D.
d’Auvergne p. 44 Pl. III f. 1, 2.

Fresh water: Puy de Dome, fossil.

Forma minor Hirt. a. Perae. 1. c. L. 0,02 to 0,03 mm.

Fresh water: Puy de Dome, fossil.

Var Rouxii Brun a. Herr. (1893). — L. 0,04 to 0,09; B. 0,025 to 0,055 mm. Upper V.
with coarse strie, about 14 in 0,01 mm. crossed on each side of the axial area by 5 to 6 blank
undulating bands. Lower V. with about 14 strie in 0,01 mm. Their puncta about 16 in 0,01
mm. — C. Rowxit Br. a. Hiri. D. d’Auvergne p. 45 Pl. I f. 3.

Fresh water: Auvergne, Puy de Déme fossil and living.

Var. trilineata Huiris. a. Prraa. (1883). — L. 0,02 to 0.025; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm. Upper
V. with about 16 striz in 0,01 mm. crossed by 3 broad longitudinal, blank bands. Lower V. with
15 to 17 striz in 0,01 mm. — C. trilineatus Hire. a. Perac. D. d'Auvergne p. 47 Pl. III f. 4, 5.

Fresh water: Puy de Dome fossil.

Var. lineata Ens. (1843). — L. 0.04 to 0,07; B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm. Strie of the upper valve
punctate, puncta forming 4 to 6 longitudinal, undulating rows. Striz of the lower valve 17 in 0,01
mm. — C. lineata Ens. Am. p. 81. V. H. Syn. p. 183 Pl. XXX f. 31, 32. C. lin. var. minor
Panr. IIL Pl. XXI f. 311 (1893). C. lin. var. pygmea Pant. 1. c. Pl. VIIT f. 140.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Mexico, Oregon, Guatemala, foss.!

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3. 29

170 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. cuglypta Eup. (1854). — LL. 0,026; B. 0,017 mm. Striz of the upper valve crossed by
4 to 4 longitudinal, blank bands. Strie of the lower valve 19 in 0,01 mm. — C. eugl. Eup. M.
G. XXXIV A. f. 2. V. H. Syn. XXX f. 33, 34. Grun. Franz Josefs Land Diat. Pl. I f. 3.

Fresh water: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.), Mexico! Tasmania! Australia
(Daintree River)!

4. €. Seutellum Exp. (1838). — Outline broadly elliptical. Upper V. with coarse puncta
arranged in transverse rows, usually ending at the margin in an elongated or triangular, finely
punctate space, and in longitudinal, usually straight and equidistant, rows. Lower V. delicate
with a marginal, frequently loculiferous, rim or line. Median line straight. Central nodule
rounded or stauroid. Strie radiate, becoming obsolete towards the median line, finely punctate.

Var. genuina Cu. — L. 0,045 to 0,06; B. 0,08 to 0,04 mm. Upper V with narrow, linear
axial area. Puncta 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. forming, slightly radiate, transverse and almost equidistant,
straight longitudinal rows. Transverse strive ending at the margin with larger, finely punctate
alveoli. Lower V. with a rim of obsolete loculi. Central area rounded, small. Strie 8 to 9 in
0,o1 mm. radiate, finely punctate. — C. Scutellum Eup. Inf. 194 Pl. XIV f. 8. W. Sm. B. D. I
p. 22 Pl. III f. 34. V. H. Syn. p. 182 Pl. XXIX f. 1 to 3. A. 8. Atl. CXC, 17 to 20. C. Seut.
rar. gemmata A. S. Atl. CXC, 23, 24; var. dilatata A. 8. 1. c. 25, 26.

Marine: Arctic America! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Sea of Kara! East Cape; Behrings Island!
Baltic! Caspian Sea (Grun.), North Sea! Mediterranean! Adriatic! Black Sea! Japan! South An-
stralia! Magellans Straits! California!

Var. minutissima GrRun. (1881). — L. 0,008; B. 0,006 mm. Rows of puncta about 17 in 0,01
mm. Marginal alveoli not larger than the puncta. Axial area narrow. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIX
f. 12. Grun. Franz Josefs Land D. p. 55 Pl. I f. 1.

Marine: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

Var. parva Grun. (1881). -—— L. 0,018 to 0,02; B. 0,01 to 0,017 mm. Upper V. with 11 rows
of puncta in 0,01 mm. Marginal puncta elongated. Axial area narrow. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIX
f. 8, 9. C. consociata and C. aggregata Kitz. according to Grun. C. transversalis Grea. M. J. IIT
p. 39 Pl. IV f. 7; 1854? C. Scut. var. minor A. S. Atl. CXC, 22. j

Marine: Baltic! East Cape! Adriatic (Atl.).

Var. stauroneiformis W. Sm. (1853). ~- L. 0,022; B. 0,013 to 0,018 mm. Upper valve with
narrow axial area. Marginal puncta not larger than the others. Transverse and straight longitu-
dinal rows of puncta 10 in 0,o1 mm. Lower V. central area dilated into a transverse fascia. —
B. D. I Pl XXX f. 24 8. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIX f. 10, 11. C. paniformis A. 8. Atl. CLKXXIX
16, 21 (1894).

Marine: Arctic America! Spitsbergen! Finmark! East Cape! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea
(Peragallo), New Zealand (Grun.), England (W. Sm.).

Var. ampliata Grun. (1881). — L. 0,05; B. 0,o4 mm. Upper V. with somewhat broad axial
area, large marginal alveoli and 5 to 6 puncta in 0,01 mm, arranged in equidistant transverse and
longitudinal rows. Lower V. with distinct marginal area. Strie 6,5 in 0,01 mm., becoming fainter
towards the axial area, strongly radiate. — V. H. Syn. XXIX f. 4. C. adjuneta A. 8. Atl,
CXC, 15, 16?

Marine: Kerguelens Land!

Var. ornata Grun. (1867). — L. 0,087 to 0,047; B. 0,026 to 0,033 mm. Upper V. with
narrow axial area. Puncta 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., arranged in radiate transverse, and curved
longitudinal, rows. The transverse strie end at the margin in double rows of small puncta.
Lower V. with a loculiferous rim. Strie slightly radiate and finely punctate, 10 in 0,01 mm. —
Novara p. 12. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXIX f. 6, 7. Rhaphoneis marginata Grun. Verh. 1862 p. 383
Pl. AN £, 13.

Marine: Kamtschatka and North Pacific Ocean (Grun.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 171

Var. baldjikiana Gron. (1888). — L. 0,055; B. 0,04 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area.
Puncta (about 6 in 0,01 mm.) arranged in slightly radiate strie and curved longitudinal rows.
The strie: end at the margin in triangular, finely punctate spaces. Lower V. with 7 finely punce-
tate striz in 0,01 mm., becoming fainter towards the median line. — Bot. Centrb. 1888 p. 324,
V. H. T. Nio 546 C. Morrisii W. Sm. Q. J. M. 8S. V p. 8 (1857)? C. Haradae Payv. III Pl. XXIV
f. 368 (1893)? C. Pethéi Pant. TIL Pl. XXXVI f. 504 (1893). C. baldjikiana A. 8. Atl. CXC
f. 7 to 10.

Marine: Baltjik, foss.!

Var. Raéana Pant. (1889). — L. 0,048; B. 0,036. Upper V. with somewhat broader axial
area and larger marginal alveoli than in Var. baldjikiana, otherwise similar. — C. Raéana Panr.
IT p. 59 Pl. XXIV f. 354.

Marine: Hungary, fossil!

Var.? dubia Grun. (1884). -— L. 0,018 to 0,03; B. 0,012 to 0,023 mm. Strive 8 to 11 in 0,01
mm. Puncta in the lower V. 14, in the upper 10 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. without marginal rim.
— Franz Josefs Land D. p. 55.

Marine: »Tafel Suimpe» (Grun.).

Var. californica Grun. (1878). -- LL. 0,02 to 0,027; B. 0,015 to 0,016 mm. Upper V. with
narrow axial area. Puncta 13 in 0,01 mm., arranged in equidistant longitudinal and transverse
rows, the latter interrupted by a broad, marginal area. Lower V. with distinct marginal line.
Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, radiate. — C. ambigua var. calif. Gruy. in Cl. M. D. N:o 70.
V. H. Syn. Pl. XXX f. 8, 9. A. S. Atl CXCI, 40 to 43. ©

Marine: California!

Var. doljensis Pant. (1886). — L. 0,04 to 0,08; B. 0,04 to 0,059 mm. Upper V. with narrow
axial area. Puncta arranged in somewhat undulating longitudinal rows and transverse stria, 7
(at the margin) or 12 (at the area) in 0,01 mm., ending in elongated triangular, finely punctate
alveoli. — Pant. I p. 82 Pl. XVIII f. 161.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Var. maxima Grun. (1863). — L. 0,04 to 0,09; B. 0,033 to 0,055 mm. Upper V. with more
or less broad, linear axial area. Puncta coarse, arranged in more or less undulating longitudinal
and transverse rows, the latter about 6 in 0,01 mm., composed of 3 to 5 puncta and ending in
punctate alveoli, which form a broad marginal band, frequently separated by a furrow from the
strie. Lower V. thin, with a loculiferous rim (loculi 3 in 0,01 mm.). Striz about 11 in 0,01
mm. finely punctate. — Mastogloia maxima Grun. Verh. 1863 Pl. IV f. 1 (lower valve). C. Scut.
var. fossilis Pant. II p. 59 Pl. XXIV f. 353; 1890 (upper valve). C. Lorenziana A. 8. Atl. CXCI
f. 28 to 34.

Marine: Black Sea! Adriatic! Galapagos Islands! Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

Cocconeis Scutellum is extremely variable and comprises a number of very different forms,
which I, however, am not inclined to separate as distinct species. Many insufficiently described
or figured species of Cocconeis and Rhaphonets are probably mere varieties of C. Scutellum, as
C. Portii O’Muara (T. M. J. VII Pl. VII f. 7; 1867), C. Grantiana Gruv. (T. M. 8. N.S. IX p. 72
Pl. VIII f. 18), GC. ornata Gree. (D. of Clyde p. 491 Pl. IX f. 24), C. Grunowi Pant. .(II p. 58
Pl. XXV f. 364; 1889), Rhaphoneis Jonesii O’Muana (M. J. N.S. Vol. VII Pl. VIL £. 10), Rhapho-
neis Moorii.O’Mzara (M. J. N. 8. Vol. VII f. 11). Navicula Allmaniana Grue. (D. of Clyde p. 488
Pl. IX £ 21) and OC. crebrestriata (Grav. M. J. V p. 9 Pl. IIL f. 2; 1857) (both perhaps Orthoncis
fimbriata), C. boryana Panv. III Pl. II f. 33 (1893) and C. californica var. hungarica Pant. III
Pl. X f. 164 (1893). Cocconeis (ambigua var.?) californica GRuN. appears certainly to be a form
of C. Scutellum, but C. californica var. melinitica Pant. (II p. 58 Pl. IV f. 71 Pl VIL f. 123) repre-
sents upper valves, which are much too finely punctate for that species. C. ambigua Grun. (Novara
p. 14 Pl. 1 f. 9, 22) is doubtful. The fig. 22 appears to represent the upper valve of C. pellucida.

172 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

5. C. cruciata Pant. (1886). — Outline elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,046; B. 0,02 to 0,027 mm.
Upper V. with finely striate margin (15 strie in 0,01 mm.). Axial area lanceolate, in the middle
dilated to a fascia. Strie 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. composed of large, distant puncta, arranged in
longitudinal, undulating rows. — Pant. I p. 31 Pl. XVI f. 148.

Marine: Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Hungary, fossil (Pant).

6. . gibbocalyx Brun. (1891). — Outline broadly elliptic-lanceolate. Ends subcuneate.
L. 0,032 to 0,045; B. 0,024 to 0,032 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear-lanceolate axial area.
Strie 7 in 0,01 mm., composed of few, large puncta, and ending at the margin in large coste
forming a rim. Lower V. with straight median line, ending in the conical and elevated extremities.
Central pores distant. Axial area narrow. Central area rounded, large. Strive about 9 in 0,01
mm., radiate throughout, composed of distinct puncta, 8 to 12 in 0,01 mm., becoming smaller
towards the median line and arranged in longitudinal rows, more or less parallel with the margin.
Margin of the valve finely striate (striae 16 to 22 in 0,01 mm.). — D. espéces nouv. p. 17 Pl.
XVIII f. 4. A. 8. Atl CXC f. 35? CXCIII f. 54 to 55.

Marine: Zanzibar (Brun), Manilla (Deby Coll.)! Mauritius (Brun Coll.)! Galapagos Islands!
West Indies, Tortola!

This is a very remarkable and isolated species. Both valves have not been seen in contact,
so that it is somewhat doubtful whether the upper valve, which has some resemblance to Cocc.
Scutellum, really corresponds to the valve here described as the lower.

7. CG. grata A. S. (1894). — Outline elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,03 to 0,044
mm. Upper V. with a broad, lanceolate axial area. Striz 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. composed ot
distinct puncta, about 16 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with an annulus of rudimentary loculi, about 5
in 0,01 mm. Median line straight, reaching to the margin. Striw 15 in 0,01 mm. radiate, finely
punctate, becoming fainter towards the median line. — Pl. II f. 30, 31. A. S. Atl. CXC f. 36.
CXCII f. 65

Marine: Campeachy Bay! Mediterranean Sea! Grip in Norway!

C. andesitica Pant. (III Pl. X f. 170; 1893) appears to be akin to this species or to
C. derupta.

8. C. distans (Gree. 1857?) A. S. 1874. — Outline elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,05
to 0,07; B. 0,03 to 0,04 mm Upper V. with narrow, lanceolate axial area. Puncta elongated,
forming slightly radiate transverse (about 7 in 0,01 mm.) and undulating longitudinal rows (about
4 in 0,01 mm.). Lower V. unknown. — N. 8. D. Pl. III f. 22, 23 (1874). Atl. CXCIII f. 29, 36,
40. C. dist. forma minima Prrag. D. de Villefranche p. 37 Pl. II f. 13.

Marine: Arctic America! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Madagascar! Java!
Florida! Campeachy Bay!

C. distans Gree. (M. J. IIL p. 39 Pl. IV f. 9; 1855) is a mere variety of C. Scutellum.
C. distans Gree. (T. M. J. 1857 Vol. V Pl. I f. 25 and D. of Clyde p. 490 Pl. IX f. 23) seems not
to differ from C. granulata Gree. The species I consider as C. distans has been figured by A. Scumipr,
but is a small variety, named by PERAGALO var. minima. Scumipt figures one specimen with median
line and central nodule, but this fig. certainly represents an entire frustule. I have seen in a
gathering from Java an entire frustule, but the coarse structure of the upper valve prevented me
from examining the lower one, which seems to be very delicate. C. lamprosticta Gree. (T. M.S. V.
p. 69 Pl. I f. 28, 1857) represents either this species or a form of Coce. Scutellum.

9. C. Disculus Scuum. (1864). — Upper V. broadly elliptical. L. 0,02; B.0,015 mm. Axial
area lanceolate. Striz 8 in 0,01 mm. composed of two to four large elongated puncta. Lower V.
unknown. — Navicula Disculus Scuum. Preuss. D. I Nachtr. p. 21 f. 23.

Fresh or slightly brackish water: Domblitten and Spirding, Prussia, fossil! Sweden, (baltic
deposits from the Ancylus-epoch)!

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:0 3 173

This small and characteristic form is figured by ScuumANN with median line and central
nodule, of which I have never seen a trace.

10. €. australis Prrrr (1877). — Outline elliptical. L. 0,0264; B. 0,o242 mm. Upper V.
unknown. Lower V. with sigmoid median line and the terminal nodules in contrary directions, at

some distance from the margin. Margin with rudimentary loculi. Striz fine. — D. de Campbell
p. 12 PL AV #. 2.

Marine: New Zealand (Petit).

This species has the appearance of being very distinct, but it is, unfortunately, incompletely
described and figured.

11. ©. Van Heurckii Cu. N. Sp. — Elliptical. L. 0,035 to 0,04; B. 0,015 to 0,024 mm.
Upper V. with a straight axial silicious rib, sending off on both sides strong coste, 4 to 5 in 0,01
mm., connected by longitudinal silicious ribs, 2 to 4 on each side, thus forming a reticulum of
large, quadrate alveoli. Lower V. with straight median line, not reaching to the margin, and a
narrow, but distinct marginal area. Axial area indistinct. Central area small, rounded. Strize
18 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, punctate. — Pl. II f. 32, 33, 34.

Marine: Madagascar!

The very peculiar upper valve of this species makes it doubtful whether it really belongs
to this group, but on the other hand the lower valve resembles that of C. Scutellum. This
species may be the same as Cocc. surirelloides Grun. (Novara p. 98 Pl. 1 A f. 27, 28; 1867) but
the descriptions and figure are insufficient for identification.

Eucocconeis Cu. N. G.

Valves elliptical, rarely rostrate, without a marginal rim, ecostate, usually not very dis-
similar. Striation of both valves unusuaily delicate. Upper valve with a narrow axial area.
Lower valve with straight or sigmoid median line.

This group comprises most species of the old genus Cocconeis. Its affinities are difficult to
decide. In outline of the valves it resembles Cocconeis Cu., from which it is distinguished by the
absence of the loculiferous rim!). In the usually fine striation of both, not very dissimilar,
valves, it approaches Microneis. C. flexella and C. minuta are isolated forms recalling Navicula
depressa and N. Rotaeana.

Artificial key.

Upper valve with lateral areas or furrows... . - 9.
a ee a=. “withoits: v2. a ee a aE ‘ 2.
9. Upper valve with an unilateral horseshoe- -shaped riarking 3.
ion — without. . etn, odie ee Wyn eh savin 43 . 4.
Striation fine, median line straight ...... : ers . A. Calear Cu.
Gace coarse, — — Sigmoid. ..... ae : C. notata Per.
a Median line straight Wie ee ig, 38. Sah Bn aaa rates , (Ds
i — sigmoid. ........ stat, 2 ; fe. be doh se
Median line reaching to the margin. ..... miata, Se cab 4h gee Aare 6.
v: ae Se Obey a Sle Shee “Galen alpaca Gee eS £ Mats C. molesta Ktrz.
Strie of the al valve fine (20 in 0,01 mm.). . - .- .. . C. finmarchica Grun.
TS — coarse (8 — —) . .. « .C. septentrionalis Gron.
Marine habitat... .. 0. 0. - ee ee ee ee eC dirupta GREe.
_ [iain il water habitat ..... 3 bo (Seu. <2 BL fake ate Bey By
Axial area dilated in the middle... - - ee tees F bos C. minuta Cu.
e { Ba Ree eae, tee app aca eas eee tee -... C. flenella Bris.

1) In the collection of E. Grovz I have seen some speeimens of C. dirupta from Australia which had rudimentary
loculi.

174 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

9, eis line sigmoid’: as ae Ke ee ee ee ee ea ele ae ee 10.
— straight... . ..... : eioyetega ate ya eae 13.
10. i with an annulus at the side of the alin Dh 4b sche, dis atid; tel Sy he C. syelephiord GRuN.
Withott. 29 %.¢40¢ 6-8-8 4 Ee bee ae eel Ree eae elgg 11.
1. Strie of the me valve coarse (9 to 11 in 00.1 mm)... .. 2... 2... eee 12.
— fine (25 —- — —).... . GC. heteroidea Hantscu.
Central stile transversely dilated.» 2. Gs RE HR eee C. arctica Cu.
12.
— not — _— 2. Be bee ae GS 4 C. voluta Br.
13. Lateral areas connected to a broad saveinel araitna Boe oe ee hee ey 14.
-— not — — - = —_ wnGienG. ge IRD. Sale Gorey Aah aa aty WO 8 15.
Strie of the nae valve composed of coarse puncta . . . : . . C. antiqua Br.
14. ;
— costate with a median punctum . . CC. interrupta Gron.
Upper valve with longitudinal furrows or depressions . = = 8 ...... i« 5a 16;
15.
SS WAthOUt se en ete We ee os ee ae a ihe nd ie Pe take wie pe 18.
16. | With sre several, strong furrows... . 2... - 00 eG .. . C. pellucida Hantscn.
a lunate depression. ........ ’ eh ee oe 17.
17. eS fine. (16 to 24 in 0,01 mm.) punctate ..... . . . C. pseudomarginata Gree.
— coarse (10 in 0,01 mm.) costate, with a median punctum ...... C. vitrea Brun.
18. Lateral areas crossed by two oblique rows of puncta......... C. precellens Pant.
— nt — — -— ~~ HS ,... 1... GC. Letourneuri Cu.

1. C. molesta (Kitz. 1844) Grow. (1881). -- Outline elliptical, with broad, rounded ends.
L. 0,017 to 0,019; B. 0,007 to 0,oo8 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area. Striz more than 30
in 0,01 mm. finely punctate, puncta forming zig-zag-lines. Lower V. with straight median line,
not reaching to the ends. Central area very small. Strize more than 30 in 0,01 mm. punctate, puncta
forming fine, longitudinal strie. — Bac. p. 71 Pl. V f. 7, 11, 12. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXX f. 18, 19.
A. 1S. N.S... Pl, TU ¢, 26?

Marine: Venice (Kiitz.).

Var. crucifera Grun. (1881). — L. 0,015 to 0,025; B. 0,008 to 0,o16 mm. Central area of
the lower valve dilated to a transverse fascia. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XXX f. 20, 23. C. diaphana
W. Sm. B. D. p. 22 Pl. XXX f. 254 (partim) 1853. A. 8. Ad. CXCIII, 48 to 51.

Marine: England! Coasts of France!

Var. amygdalina (Brés.) Grun. (1881). — L. 0,035 to 0,045; B. 0,013 to 0,o2 mm. Upper
V. with about 20 strie in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with slightly dilated central area and about 27
striz in 0,01 mm. -- C. diaphana W. Sm. B. D. I p. 22 Pl. XXX f. 254 (partim). C. amygdalina
Grun. in V. H. Syn. XXX f. 5. 35.

Marine: French coast of the English Channel!

2. C. finmarchica Grun. (1880). — Elliptical. L. 0,012 to 0.015; B. 0,0055 to 0,oo7 mm.
Upper V. with linear axial area. Strize 20 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. Lower V. with straight
median line, ending near the margin. Central area a fascia, not reaching to the margin. Strie 24
in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. — A. D. p. 16 Pl. I f. 1.

Marine: Arctic America! Finmark!

3. C. septentrionalis Gruy. (1884). -- Elliptical. L. 0,022 to 0,036; B. 0,012 to 0,023 mm
Upper V_ with narrow axial area. Strie 8 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, punctate; puncta 14 in
0,o1 mm., larger at the margin, not arranged in longitudinal rows. Lower V. with straight
median line. Central area a narrow, transverse fascia. Striz radiate, 9 in 0,01 mm. punctate;
puncta 16 in 0,01 mm. — Franz Josefs Land D. p. 55 Pl. I f. 2.

Marine: Assistance Bay (Grun.).

4. A. Calear Cx. (1891). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,012; B. 0,oo9 mm. Upper V. with
straight, narrow axial area. Central area on one side of the nodule dilated into a spurlike pro-
jection, on the other bifid, forming an horseshoe-like marking. Lower V.(?) with straight median

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. wo 3, 175

line, reaching to the margin, no areas and fine strie, radiate throughout, about 25 in 0,01 mm.
Diat. of Finland p. 51 Pl. IIT f. 8 (9?)

Fresh water: Sweden (Ryssby in Calmar Lin, baltic freshwater deposit from the Ancylus-
epoch), Abo, Finland!

5. C. dirupta Gree. (1857). — Broadly elliptical to almost orbicular. Upper V. with
linear, usually sigmoid, axial area. Lower'V. with more or less distinctly sigmoid median line
and the terminal fissures in contrary directions. Central nodule transversely dilated to an out-
wardly narrowing fascia.

Var. typica Cu. — L. 0,026 to 0,061; B. 0,018 to 0,05 mm. Upper V. with linear not sig-
moid axial area. Strie about 17 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta forming undulate longitudinal
rows. Lower V. with very slightly sigmoid median line. Central area transversely dilated to a
fascia not reaching to the margin. Strie 20 in 0,01 mm. — C. dirupta Gree. D. of Clyde p. 491
Pl IX f. 25. A.S. N.S. D. Pl If. 21. V. H. Syn. p. 133 Pl. XXIX f. 13 to 15. C. diaphana
W. Sm. B. D. p. 22 Pl. XXX f. 254 partim (1853)? C. delicata A. S. Atl. CXCVI, 24? Probably
also C. oceanica, C. limbata and C. fasciata Eup.

Marine: Greenland! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! China! Behring’s Island! Tahiti (Grun.),
Cape of Good Hope (Grun.), California! Galapagos Islands! Colon!

Var. dubia Grun. (1867). — Smaller. Strie 22 0,01 mm. Central nodule rarely, terminal
nodules never, transversely dilated. — Novara p. 14.

Marine: S:t Paul (Grun.).

Var.? Beltmeyeri Jan. (1894). — L. 0,04; B. 0,027 mm. Upper V. with lanceolate, not sig-
moid area. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. crossed by 4 to 8 blank bands. — A. 8. Atl. CXCVI, 22, 23.

Marine: Leton Bank (Atl), Pensacola (Atl.)?

Var. flexella Jan. Ras. (1862). — L. 0,02 to 0,03; B. 0,02 to 0o3 mm. Upper V. with
narrow, lanceolate axial area. Strive 20 in 0,01 mm. crossed on each side of the area by about 4
linear, curved blank bands. Lower V. with sigmoid median line, reaching to the ends, and trans-
verse central area. Strie about 19 in 0,01 mm. — C. flezella Jan. Ras. D. Honduras p. 7 Pl. I
f. tl. @. dir. var. flex. V. HH. Syn. Pl. XXTX £. 16, 17.

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Honduras (Jan. Rab.).

Var. antarctica Grun. (1881). — L. 0,042; B. 0,035 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial
area. Strie about 15 in 0,01 mm., punctate; puncta forming longitudinal rows, about 13 in 0,01
mm. Lower V. with nearly straight median line, ending at some distance from the margin in trans-
verse terminal areas, turned in contrary directions. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate;
puncta forming irregularly undulating longitudinal rows, about 11 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXIX f. 18, 19. C. dir. var. major Grun. Novara p. 14?

Marine: New Zealand (Grun.), China!

Var. californica Cu. — LL. 0,045 to 0,07; B. 0,03 to 0,o6 mm. Upper V. with slightly sig-
moid, lanceolate axial area not dilated in the middle. Strie 11 to 16 in 0,01 mm. of large, distant
puncta, forming undulating, longitudinal rows, about 9 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8. Atl. CXCVI, 17, 18(?)

Marine: California fossil at S:ta Martha and S:ta Monica (Deby Coll.)! Moron, Spain, fossil
(Grove Coll.)!

Var. decipiens Cu. (1873). — L. 0,025 to 0,06; B. 0,034 to 0,04 mm. Upper valve with sig-
moid axial area in the middle dilated to an orbicular space. Striz 16 to 20 in 0,01 mm. punctate;
puncta (10 in 0,01 mm.) forming irregularly decussating rows (14 in 0,01 mm.). Lower V. with
sigmoid median line reaching nearly to the ends. Strie 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta,
about 14 in 0,01 mm., becoming larger outwards. — C. decip. Cu. D. Arct. Sea p. 14 Pl. I f. 6
(Lower V.). C. areticum Cu. 1. c. Pl. If f. 11 a (Upper V.).

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Finmark! Behring’s Island!

176 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. Fulgur Brun (1891). — Almost orbicular. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,027 to 0,036 mm.
Upper V. with narrow axial area, and large irregular central area. Strize 12 in 0,01 mm. radiate,
punctate; puncta 11 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with sigmoid median line and transverse, outwardly
dilated, central area. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm., radiate, coarsely punctate; puncta 13 in 0,01 mm.
becoming larger towards the margin. — C. Fulgur Brun D. espéces nov. p. 17 Pl. XVIII f. 3.

Marine: Mogador, Cabenda (Western Africa), Magellan’s Straits (Brun).

Var. Sigma Pant. (1886). — Almost orbicular. L. 0,04 to 0,065; B. 0,03 to 0,05 mm. Upper
V. with sigmoid axial area, in the middle dilated to a rhomboidal, or irregularly orbicular, central
area. Strie radiate 12 to 13 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta about 9 in 0,01 mm. forming
irregular zig-zag-lines. Lower V. with sigmoid median line and transversely dilated central area.
Strie 12 to 14 in 0,01 mm. radiate. — C. Sigma Pant. I p. 32 Pl. VIII f. 68. C. Oculus Catis
Brun Diat. esp. nouv. p. 18 Pl. XVIII f. 5 (1891). C. sigmo-radians Temp. Brun D. foss. du Japon
p. 33 Pl. VIII f. 4 (1889). A. 8. Atl. CXCVI, 11.

Marine: Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)! Fossil: Japan (Brun Coll.)! S:ta Monica, Calif. (Brun),
Atlantic City (Brun).

Var. sparsipunctata Brun (1891). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,05 to 0,09; B. 0,04 to 0,07 mm.
Upper V. with not well defined lanceolate area, large and distant puncta, forming 3 to 4 ir-
regular, undulating longitudinal rows. Margin with a row of close puncta (10 in 0,01 mm.).
Lower V. with sigmoid median line and narrow, transverse, central area. Axial area indistinct.
Striz 11 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 14 in 0,01 mm. equidistant. — C. spars. Brun D. espéces
nouv. p. 18 Pl. XVIII f. 8. A. S. Atl. CXCVI, 13 to 15.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!

6. C. notata Perrr (1877). — Upper V. elliptical. L. 0,02 to 0,026; B. 0,01 to 0,013 mm.
with sigmoid axial area, in the middle dilated into a fascia, on one side branched near the
margin as to form a horseshoe-like marking. Striz about 17 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate;
puncta forming about 5 longitudinal rows on each side of the area. — D. de Campbell p. 10
PLOW fh i

Marine: New Zealand (Petit), China!

7. C. Letourneuri Ci. N. Sp. — Outline elliptical. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,03 to 0,033 mm.
Upper V. with straight, linear axial area, separated by two rows of puncta from the narrow,
lunate lateral areas. Striz marginal, 9 in 0,01 mm., of coarse puncta, 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. Lower
Valve with straight median line, ending at some distance from the ends. Axial and central areas
indistinct. Strie 10, radiate at the ends, punctate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. — PI. IIT f. 10, 11.

Marine: Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)!

8. C. aretica Cu. (1873). — Elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,04; B. 0,02 mm. Upper V. with
slightly sigmoid axial area. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate, crossed on each side of the
area by large, lunate depressions, across which the striz continue faintly. Lower V. with sigmoid
median line, and transversely dilated central area. Striz 12 in 0,01 mm. radiate, coarsely punc-
tate; puncta becoming larger towards the margin. — D. of arctic sea p. 14 Pl. II f. 11 6 (Upper
V.). Vega p. 460 Pl. XXXV f. 4. C. infleca A. S. Atl. CXOVI, 10?

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Finmark!

9. C. preeellens Pant. (1886). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,0299 to 0,045; B. 0,0187 to 0,034
mm. Upper V. with broad axial area and large lateral areas separated by three longitudinal rows
of large puncta. Strie 16 in 0,01 marginal, composed of about three puncta. Lower V. with
straight median line, reaching to the margin, otherwise similar to the upper valve, except that there
are two rows of small puncta divergent from the central nodule across the lateral areas. — Panr.
I p. 31 Pl. VIII f. 69.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. wo 3. 177

10. C. antiqua Temp. and Brun (1889). — Elliptical. L. 0,06 to 0,08; B. 0,04 to 0,06 mm.
Upper V. with straight lanceolate axial area connected with the lateral areas, which form an
annular space at some distance from the margin. Striz 9 in 0,01 mm., coarsely punctate (puncta
6 in 0,01 mm.) crossed by the lateral areas. Lower V. with straight median line ending at some
distance from the margin in small lunate terminal areas. Central area transverse. Strie 10 to
11 in 0,01 mm. distinctly punctate; puncta 15 in 0,01 mm. — D. foss. du Japon p. 32 Pl. VIII
f. 5. — A. S. Atl. CXCI, 49, 52.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)!

Var. fossilis Cu. — L. 0,05 to 0,085; B. 0,035 to 0,058 mm. Upper V. with linear axial
area. Striz 10 and puncta 7 to 9 in 0,01 mm. — A. S. Atl. CXCI, 44 to 46.

Marine: S:ta Monica Cal. and Oamaru, New Zealand, fossil!

Nearly akin, if not identical, Cocc. Jimboi Pant. (III Pl. II f. 24; 1893) appears to be. The

figure represents the lower valve. C. japonica Pant. (III Pl. XLII f. 582; 1893) seems to be the
upper valve.

11. C. voluta Br. (1894). — Orbicular. Diam. 0,08. Upper V. with lanceolate axial area
not reaching to the margin and with one or two lateral areas on each side of the axial area. Stricz
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with slightly sigmoid
median line, small rounded terminal areas at some distance from the margin. Strive 12 in 0,01
mm., radiate throughout, punctate; puncta 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. — A. 8S. Atl. CXCVI f. 25, 20
(left figure Cocc. probata A. §.).

Marine: California, S:ta Monica, fossil (Deby Coll.)!

12. C. interrupta Grun. (1863). — Elliptical. L. 0,032 to 0,062; B. 0,024 to 0,04 mm.
Upper V. with short, narrow, axial area slightly widened in the middle, connected with the very
broad lateral areas. Striz 9 to 10 in 0,01 mm. at the margin and at the axial area, costate with
a median punctum. Lower V. with straight median line, ending at some distance from the margin
in small lunate terminal areas. Axial area indistinct. Central area transverse (and frequently
unilateral). Strie 9 in 0,01 mm. radiate and curved towards the ends, distinctly punctate. —
Verh. 1863 p. 144 Pl]. IV f. 14. V. H. Syn. Pl XXX f. 3,4. A. S. Atl CXOIV #17. C. Cruz.
Per. D. de Campbell Pl. IV f. 4?

Marine: Kamtschatka!

13. €. vitrea Brun (1891). — Elliptical. L. 0,06 to 0,07; B. 0,04 to 0,05 mm. Upper V.
with narrow lanceolate axial area, and narrow lunate lateral areas. Striz between the areas 10
in 0,01 mm., having a large median punctum. Marginal strie also with a median punctum.
Lower V. with straight median line, ending at some distance from the margin. Axial and termi-
nal areas indistinct. Central area irregularly rounded. Striz 18 in 0,01 mm. radiate, punctate;
puncta about 17 in 0,01 mm. — D. esp. nouv. p. 19 Pl. XVIII f. 2. A. 8S. Atl. CXCIV f. 10, 11.
C. De Toniana Panv. III Pl. XXXIV f. 482 (1893). C. pseudomarginata A. 8. Atl. CXCIV f. 8.

Marine: Japan and Hungary, fossil (Brun).

Var.? verrucosa Brun (1891), — L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,035 to 0,05 mm. Upper V. with
lanceolate axial area, and broad lunate lateral areas, marked with some large scattered dots.
Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. with a median punctum. Marginal strie short. Lower V. with straight
median line, ending at some distance from the ends in pyriform terminal areas. Axial and central
areas indistinct. Strie 18 in 0,01 mm. radiate and curved at the ends, punctate; puncta 17 in
0,01 mm. — C. sp. Brun Temp. D. du Japon Pl. VIII f. 9. C. verrue. Brun D. espéces nouv. p. 18
Pl. XVIII f. 7. A. S. Atl. CXCIV f. 14.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! Indian Ocean (Brun).

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 27. N:o 3, 23

178 bp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

A. somewhat similar, but much smaller, valve is C. Kinkeri Pant. (III Pl. II f. 30; 1893)
too imperfectly known to be placed in the system.

14. C. pellucida Hanrzscu (1862). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,1; B. 0,02 to 0,07 mm.
Upper V. with rather broad linear, and straight axial area, on both sides of which are about 5
longitudinal parallel rows of short strie, 30 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with a marginal line and
straight median line, ending at a distance from the margin in lunate terminal areas. Terminal
fissures in contrary directions. Strie 21 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, finely punctate. — Ostind.
Archip. D. p. 21 f. 11. Gruy. Novara p. 12. Wirr a. Truan Jeremie D. p. 15 Pl. IV f. 11
(f. 12. 20, 21 varieties with less numerous furrows) A. 8. Atl. CXCIV f. 2; CXCV f. 1 to 6.
C. oceanica Eup. Pritch. Inf. Pl. XII f. 42? C. notabilis Panv. IIT Pl. XXXV f. 492 (1893).
C. cercumeincta A. S. Atl. CXCV f. 7 to 9 (1894).

Marine: Nicobar Islands (Grun.), Java! Sumatra! Singapore! Sandwich Islands! Behrings
Island! Madagascar! New Zealand (Grun.). Fossil: Nankoori (Grun.), Hungary (Pant.), Hayti (Witt).

Var. minor Grun. (1867). — L. 0,019 to 0,01; B. 0,013 to 0o3 mm. Upper V. with about
4 strong furrows on each side of the axial area. Lower V. with straight, or slightly sigmoid
median line, reaching almost to the margin. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. — Novara p. 13 Pl. I f. 7.
C. lineata Exp. M. G. VI, 1, 40.

Marine: Red Sea! 8:t Pauls Island (Grun.), Cape Good Hope (Grun.), Nicobar Islands (Grun.),
New Zealand (Grun.), Trinidad!

Var. nankoorensis Grun. (1867). — L. 0,055 to 0,12; B. 0,045 to 0,o9 mm. Upper V. with
about four furrows on each side of the area. Striz 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — Novara p. 98. A.S.
Atl CXCIV f. 15. C. pell. var. fossilis Pant. III Pl XXXII f. 465 (1893). C. Lunyacseku
Pant. IIT Pl. XLI f. 564 (1893).

15. C. pseudomarginata Grae. (1857). — Elliptical. L. 0,038 to 0,084; B. 0,026 to 0,076
mm. Upper V. with narrow, lanceolate axial area and on each side of it lunate depressions.
Strie 16 to 24 in 0,01 mm., punctate. Lower V. with straight median line, ending at some dis-
tance from the margin in small, lunate terminal areas. Axial area narrow, central small orbi-
cular. Striz 20 to 24 in 0,01 mm. radiate, punctate. — D. of Clyde p. 492 Pl. IX f. 27 (entire
frustule) Pritch. Inf. Pl. VII f. 39. V. H. Syn. XXIX f. 20, 21. A. 8S. Atl. CXCIV, 5 to 7.
C. major Gree. D. of Clyde Pl. IX f. 28 (lower V.). C. pellucida Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 145
Pl. IV f. 6. C. Kirchenpaueriana Jan. and Rasy. D. of Honduras p. 7 Pl. I f. 9? C. Henrioti
Pur. D. de Cape Horn p. 117 Pl. X f. 7 (1888)?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Sea of Kara! North Sea! Mediterranean! Red Sea! Sey-
chelles! Madagascar! China! Galapagos Islands! Sandwich Islands! Honduras (Rabh.), Hungary,
fossil (Pant.).

Var. intermedia Grun. (1867). — L. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,04 to 0,045 mm. Lower V. with slightly
sigmoid median line. Striz 20 in 0,01 mm. — Novara p. 13 Pl. If. 6. C. duplex A.S. Atl. CXCIV, 1.

Marine: Corsica! Cape Good Hope (Grun.). Nicobar Islands (Grun.), Philippines (Grun.),
Sandwich Islands! Tahiti (Grun.), Japan!

16. C. heteroidea Hanrzscu (1862). — Broadly elliptical to almost orbicular. L. 0,035 to
0,07; B. 0,025 to 0,065 mm. Upper V. with broadly linear, more or less distinctly sigmoid, or
oblique axial area, on both sides of which are 3 to 5 arcuate furrows. Strise 25 in 0,01 mm.
Lower V. with sigmoid median line, not reaching to the margin. Axial area narrow, central area
small, frequently transversely dilated into a narrow fascia. Strie 18 to 22 in 0,01 mm. radiate.
Terminal areas lunate, frequently prolonged into a line parallel to the margin of the valve.
— Ostind. Arch. D. p. 21 f. 10. Grun. Novara p. 12. A. S. Atl. CKCVI f. 2, 33 to 37, 40, 41.
C. lunata Leup. Fortm. D. de Ceylon Pl. If. 3. C. recwrva A. 8S. Atl. CXCVI 31, 32 (1894).
C. tenella A. S. 1. c. f. 38. C. transversa A. 8. loc. f. 39.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. w:o 3. 179

Marine: Seychelles! Madagascar! Mauritius! Nicobar Islands (Grun.), Singapore! Japan!
China! Sandwich Islands! Samoa! West Indies! Colon!

Var. curvirotunda Trump. and Brun (1889). — L. 0,1 to 0,12; B. 0,09 to 0,105 mm. Lower
V. with fine, slightly sigmoid median line, ending at some distance from the margin in lunate,
small areas. Central area small and orbicular. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm. — OC. (pell. var.?) curviro-
tunda Br. and Temp. D. foss. du Japon p. 32 Pl. VIII f. 6. A. S. Atl CXCV f. 10 to 17?
C. composita A. 8. Atl. CXCVI f. 4, 5?

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun).

Var. sigmoidea Grun. (1867). —- L. 0,025; B. 0,02 mm. Median line sigmoid; central area
transversely dilated. — C. pelluc. var. sigmoidea Grun. Novara p. 13 Pl. I f. 8. C. parthenopoea
Prpic. Rab. Alg. Eur. N:o 2223 (1870).

Marine: Naples! Red Sea! Tahiti (Grun.).

Var. conspicua A. 8. (1894). — Lower V. with a row of large puncta between the median
line and the margin. — C. consp. Atl. CXCVI, 27, 28.

Marine: Kings Mill Island, Singapore, Samoa (Atl.).

17. C€. cyelophora Guun. (1879). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,017 to 0,028; B. 0,01 to 0,018
mm. Upper V. with sigmoid lanceolate axial area, lunate lateral areas, and on one side of the
centre a large circular annulus. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm. of decussating puncta. Lower V. with
sigmoid median line and narrow axial area, not dilated in the middle. Strizw 28 in 0,01 mm.
of small puncta, forming decussating lines. Close to the central nodule is a large, circular an-
nulus. — Cu. M. D. N:o 254. Gron. A. D. p. 16. V. H. Syn. XXX f. 24, 25.

Marine: South Australia!

Var. Challengeri Cu. — L. 0,055 to 0,07; B. 0,04 to 0,06 mm. Upper V. with scarcely
sigmoid, in the middle transversely dilated, axial area, on both sides of it a lunate lateral area, and
on one side of the middle a circular annulus. Strize 17 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punctate; puncta 13
in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with slightly sigmoid median line, and narrow axial area not dilated in
the centre. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 16 in 0,01 mm. On one side of the central
nodule a circular annulus.

Marine: Off Marion Island Challenger St. 145 (Comber Coll.)!

18. C. flexella Kitz (1844). — Rhomboid-elliptical, with obtuse broad ends. L. 0,04 to
0,05; B. 0,o2 mm. Upper V. with narrow sigmoid linear axial area not centrally dilated.
Striz radiate throughout 16 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with sigmoid median line, narrow axial area,
small and elongated central area. Strize 17 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout, punctate, in the middle
alternately longer and shorter. — Cymbella fleaella Kitz. Bac. p. 80 Pl. IV f. 14. Cocconeis
Thwaitesii W. Sm. B. D. I p. 21 Pl. IIT f. 33 (1853). Achnanthidium flexellum Bris. in Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. p. 54. Grun. A. D. p. 17. V. H. Syn. p. 128 Pl. XXVI f. 29 to 31. Navicula Semen
Ens. partim. Navicula Macula Grea. T. M. 8S. IV p. 43 Pl. Vf. 9? Achnanthidium naviculoides
Reinscu (accord. to Grun.). ;

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Beeren Hiland (Lagst.), Arctic America! Sweden! Fin-
land! England! Belgium! Switzerland (Brun.).

19. ©. minuta Cx. (1891). — Elliptical with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,021 to 0,029;
B. 0,01 to 0,012 mm. Upper V. with narrow linear axial area, dilated in the middle to a large,
orbicular central area. Striew 20 in 0,01 mm., almost parallel. Lower V. without axial area.
Central area large, rounded. Strie radiate, 20 (middle) to 25 (ends) in 0,01 mm. — Cocconeis
Thwaitesii var. 8 arctica Laest. Spitsb. D. p. 41 Pl. II f. 16 (1873). Achnanthidium minutum Cu.
D. of Fink. p. 53 Pl. III f. 6, 7 (1891). WN. dissimilis W. Sm. Ann. Mag. Nat. XIX p. 8 Pl. Il
f. 6; 1857? ;

Fresh water: Spitsbergen (Lagst.), Finland (Abo)! Sweden (Wenern)!

This form resembles greatly Nav. Rotaeana var. oblongella.

180 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Var. alpestris Br. (1880). — L. 0,027 to 0,033; B. 0,012 to 0,015 mm. V. truncate, with
strongly sigmoid axial area, dilated in the middle to a large subquadrate central area. Striz
about 23 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with small central area, striz about 25 in 0,01 mm. — Ach. flex.
B. D. des Alpes Pl. III f. 26. Diatomiste II p. 72 Pl. V f. 15.

Alpine regions: Switzerland! Norway (Br.), Auvergne (Br.).

Disconeis Cu. N. G.

Valves in outline elliptical, without marginal rim, very dissimilar. Upper valve coarsely
costate, with narrow axial area. Lower valve without axial area, and with punctate radiate striz.
The forms placed in this genus are not closely connected. As to their affinities it may be
noted that the lower valve of C. Lyra perfectly resembles a small form of Navicula Hennedyt,
and that of C. reticulata a small form of the section Punctate of Navicula. The lower valve of

C. pinnata has a great resemblance to C. Pediculus or C. pseudomarginata, and C. formosa in its
lower valve recalls C. costata.

Artificial key.

1 (peau of the upper valve anastomosing into a reticulum .. ... 1... eee 2.
, _— not — -— — BS a} Ae aoe eel foe la Se 3.
9 es area narrow, lanceolate. . ©... 2 ewe ee eee C. formosa Brun.
; — asilicious rib... ... 2 chs, Se de, Pela can aansenrir, a= Renee C. reticulata Cu.
3 yee area of the upper valve very narrow ‘ a Okita: tapes @ A) Gta hoa eh) 4,
: — — lanceolate... ..... : dels 5.
4 ey alteiiuting with double rows of coarse puncta. .. ... . C. Lyra A. §.
, crossed by fine oblique striae. ........... . C. hexagona Br. Cu.
5 ye ens with rows of short lines .. ..... ... . GC. versicolor Br.
‘ — double rows of fine puncta.... . .. . C pinnata Gree.

1. A. hexagona Br. a. Cx. (1891). — Outline broadly linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,042;
B. 0,o2 mm. Upper V. with very narrow axial area. Striz 11 in 0,01 mm., parallel in the
middle, radiate at the ends, crossed by a set of close oblique striz, about 25 in 0,01 mm. Lower
V. with very narrow axial area. Median line straight; central nodule transversely dilated to a
stauros not reaching the margin. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm., transversely lineate, strongest near the
margin, faint on other parts of the valve. — D. espéces nouv. p. 5 Pl. XIX f. 3 a, b.

Marine: Western Africa and Nossibé (Brun.), Yokohama (Brun Coll.)!

The lower valve has some resemblance to C. costata, but the upper differs in its structure,
and especially in the absence of the marginal ring.

2. €. Lyra A. 8. (1874). — Outline elliptical. L. 0,023 to 0,06; B. 0,014 to 0,033 mm.
Upper V. without area, but with an axial rib sending off on both sides parallel (at the ends
radiate) costa (about 7 in 0,01 mm.) alternating with double rows of puncta, about 15 in 0,01
mm., forming longitudinal rows. Lower V. with straight median line, and transverse central area,
united on both sides to a broad linear area, so as to form a lyre-shaped figure. Strie 15 in 0,01
mm. not distinctly punctate. — N.S. D. p. 93 Pl. II f. 19 (right figure, lower valve). C.? 1. ¢.
f. 18 (upper figure, upper valve). C. norvegica Grun. Cl. M. D. N:o 102 (1878) upper valve.

Marine: Grip and Bergen, Norway!

This curious and isolated form has exceedingly different valves, which I have found to-
gether in the same frustule. The lower valve resembles a small form of Navicula Hennedyi.

3. €. reticulata Cu. N. Sp. — Outline elliptical. L. 0,03 to 0,035; B. 0,017 to 0,02 mm.
Upper valve with an axial rib sending off, laterally, transverse coste (about 6 in 0.01 mm.) ana-

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 181

stomosing with longitudinal cost, thus forming a net-work of quadrate alveoli. Lower V. with
indistinct axial area, small orbicular central area and 9 strize in 0,01 mm., composed of distinct
puncta, about 9 in 0,01 mm. — PI. III f. 6, 7.

Marine: Galapagos Islands!

4. C. formosa Brow (1891). — L. 0,075 to 0,1; B. 0,05 to 0,07 mm. Upper V. with narrow,
lanceolate axial area, and slightly radiate coste, 5 in 0,01 mm., anastomosing into a net-work of
rectangular alveoli, 4 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with straight median line, and indistinct axial area.
Central area transverse, narrow lanceolate. Terminal areas small and near the margin. Strie
6,5 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, coarsely punctate (puncta 8 to 9 in 0,o1 mm.) and ending with
double rows of puncta. — D. espéces nouv. p. 16 Pl. XVIII f. 6. Panv. III Pl. XXXII ft. 457.
A. 8. Atl. CXCIII, 42 to 47.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! Indian Ocean (Brun), Wembats (Pant.).

A peculiar form, the lower valve of which resembles C. costata, from which it differs by

the absence of a marginal annulus. There is also some resemblance to C. versicolor, but the upper
valves are entirely dissimilar.

5. C. versicolor Brun (1891). — Elliptical. L. 0,05 to 0,065; B. 0,035 to 0,o4 mm. Upper
V. with narrow, lanceolate axial area, and strongly radiate costee, 5,5 in 0,01 mm. Intercostal
spaces transversely lineate, lineolee 13 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with straight median line reaching to
the margin. Axial area indistinct; central area narrow, transverse. Strie 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, punctate; puncta 14 in 0,01 mm. Median striz shorter than the others. — D. espéces
Houv. pr 19 Pl. XVIN £1. A. S. Atl. CXC £, 12 to: 14,

Marine: Japan, fossil (Brun Coll.)! Mogador (Brun).

6. C. pinnata Gree. (1859). — Elliptical. L. 0,024 to 0,04; B. 0,019 to 0,03 mm. Upper
V. with broad, axial area and strong, slightly radiate coste, 4 to 5 in 0,01 mm. Intercostal
spaces with double rows of puncta, arranged in oblique lines. Lower V. as in Coce. pseudo-
marginata, but smaller and with closer striation (according to Grunow). — U. pinnata Gree. M.
J VIL p78 BL OVE G1. Ve Sy, PL RAK £6, 7, Ay SS: AG OLXXXIX-F 1 to 5. C,
Lorenziana Pxrac. D. de Villefranche Pl. V f. 38? C. denticulata Luup. Fortm. D. de Ceylon
Pl. I f. 2? Rhaphoneis Archeri O’Mpara Quek. M. J. Vol. VII ser. 2 Pl. VII f. 12?

Marine: Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Seychelles! Island
of Rhea near Singapore!

Pleuroneis Cu. N. G.

Frustules with a marginal rim. Valves broadly elliptical to orbicular. Upper valve with
more or less narrow axial area and radiate coste, alternating with double rows of puncta, forming
oblique, decussating lines. Lower valves with radiate rows of finer puncta.

1. ©. britannica Naeett (1849). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,025 to 0,05; B. 0,022 to 0,037
mm. Upper V. with very narrow axial area. Coste 6 to 10 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double
rows of small puncta (about 18 in 0,01 mm.) forming oblique lines. Lower V. with distinct median
line, not reaching to the margin. Axial area indistinct. Central area very small and orbicular.
Strie about 10 in 0,01 mm. Rim with about 5 coste in 0,01 mm. — C. brit. Kitz. Sp. Alg.
p. 890. V. H. Syn. Pl XXX f. 1, 2. C. coronata Brw. M. J. VII p. 179 Pl. IX f. 2? C. pseudo-
marginata Jan. Ras. Honduras D. PL. I f. 16? C. scutelliformis Gruy. in Cl. M. D. 148, 154, 208
—210. C. costata var. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXIX f. 8? C. eximia A. 8. Atl. CXCII f. 31?

Marine: Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic (Grun.)! Barbados! .«

This species resembles, under a low power, C. Scutellum, from which it is however widely
different. C. Ningpoensis Psrit (Mém. Soc. Cherbourg XXIII p. 207 Pl. I a, 1881) perhaps repre-

182 bP. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

sents C. britannica (the upper valve seems to be some Coscinodiscus). Also C. fraterna A. S. (Atl.
CLXXXIX f. 27) seems to be a form of C. britannica.

2. ©. costata Gree. (1855). — More or less elliptical to orbicular. Upper V. with narrow
axial area and strong, transverse coste, alternating with double rows of obliquely arranged puncta.
Lower V. with the median line reaching nearly to the margin. Axial area narrow. Central area
transversely dilated to a fascia narrowed outwardly. Strie radiate, distinctly punctate.

Var. typica Cu. — L. 0,015 to 0,038; B. 0,009 to 0,018 mm. Upper V. with linear axial
area connected with the margin by strong coste, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double
rows of puncta, forming oblique lines, about 17 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with indistinct axial area
and transversely dilated central area. Striz 15 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate and distinctly punc-
tate; puncta about 16 in 0,01 mm. — C. costata Gree. T. M. S. II p. 39 Pl. IV f. 10. Vol. V
p- 68 Pl If. 27. A. S. Atl CLXXXIX f 6,7. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXX f. 11, 12. Surirella quar-
nerensis GRUN. Verh. 1862 p. 456 Pl. 1X f. 10 (1862). Rhaphoneis scutelloides Grun. Verh. 1862
p- 383 Pl. IV f. 34.

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Davis Straits! Canada! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Behring
Island! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Auckland (Grun.)..

Var. hexagona Grun. (1881). — V. broad, linear, with cuneate ends. L. 0,015 to 0,02;
B. 0,009 mm. Coste of the upper valve 8 in 0,01 mm. — C. costata var. hex. Gruy. V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXX f. 15 to 17.

Marine?

Var. pacifica Grun. (1867). — Elliptical. L. 0,027 to 0,05; B. 0,015 to 0,035 mm. Upper
V. with linear axial area and strong coste, 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the ends, crossed on
both sides of the area by a longitudinal line and alternating with double rows of puncta, 12 to.
16 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with transversely dilated central area connected with a marginal blank
band, crossing the faint and finely punctate strie, about 8 in 0,01 mm. — C. pacif. Gruy. Novara
p. 11 Pl. If. 10. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXX f. 13, 14. C. Imperatrix A. 8. Atl. CLXXXIX f. 11 to
15 (1894). C. Janischii A. 8. Atl. lc. f 33? C. exoptata A. 8. Atl. CXC f. 31? C. prestans
A, S. Ath CXC f. 32?

Marine: Ceylon! Magellans Straits! Chile (Grun.), Oamaru, fossil!

Var. kerguelensis Pur. (1888). — Elliptical to orbicular. LL. 0,055 to 0,1; B. 0,05 to 0,085
mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area. Coste 4 to 6 in 0,01 mm. alternating with double
rows of puncta, about 10 in 0,01 mm., forming oblique lines. Lower V. with the median line
ending near the margin. Axial area very narrow. Central area a transverse, outwardly narrowed
fascia. Strie 4 in 001 mm. composed of double rows of puncta, 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm. and crossed
near the margin by a narrow blank band. — C. kerguelensis Per. D. de Cape Horn p. 116 Pl. X
f. 5. A. 8S. Atl CLXXXIX f. 9. C. Regina Jouns. M. J. VIII p. 13 Pl If. 12? C. extravagans
Jan. A. 8. Atl. CLXXXIX f. 28 to 32.

Marine: Kerguelens Land! Magellans Straits!

The var. kerguelensis cannot in my opinion be separated as a distinct species from C. costata,
however different it may look at the first glance. The important characteristics are the same for
both, and the differences consist only in size, number of costze and stria. The difference in size
is enormous, CU. kerguelensis being gigantic compared to C. costata.

Heteroneis Cu. N. G.

Frustule without rim. Valves very dissimilar, in outline elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate.
Upper valve striate or costate, with a large area. Lower valve either without, with uniting
axial and central, or without axial and with quadrate central, area.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. N:0 3. 183

This subgenus comprises forms, which appear not to be very closely connected. A. hyper-
borea seems to be akin to the linear forms of Microneis. A. gibberula and A. Holsta are probably
allied to the section Mesoleie of Navicula and ought perhaps to be placed by the side of C. mi-
nuta. To C. quarnerensis and the others I am unable to find any allied forms among the Navicule.

Artificial key.

Valve linear . 2... 1... Beret vacates By Gerace . A. hyperborea Grun.
1. Ia lanceolate or rhomboidal ......... #«..... gh teu vee
elliptical) « . 2 see. “eee a wa eS ‘ i. Shes ; om fp:
2. i of the nEEee valve evsnralate uae sees HS Nak apa ser ... A. Lilljebergit Gro.
— not — . edhy iets eS. wt ate Ghoae se 3.
3. ce valve with an horseshoe-like sais ee aL fet an es Bs HE aE steed A. Vaszaryi Pant.
— without — — SP Ky ee ee Ee ee Cee a EB 4.
# ee Strie of the mye valve 22 in 001mm... ......, A. aibhevulé GRuN.
— 14—- — ..... ee ee a A. Holstii Cu.
bh. i about oi MMe e ol ab Se ce a eg ee Gee bo ds ad eee ty ee 6.
: Th. 0:08) MMs. OF MORE: ge ne 8 A eS eae 7.
6. ee of the appt valve unilaterally interrupted. . ©. ....... A. americana Cu.
—-not — — en eee te a C. pygmea Scuum.
7. a valve with an horseshoe-like mark ... «1... eee eae A. Lagerheimit Cu.
— without _ _ at ages a eke Se et ade bee 8.
5. le of the upper valve 9 in 001 mm... . 1.7) 2 eee C. quarnerensis GRuN.
—_ — 11 to 12 in Gos MMi ds ge Mandy eke ag iet “ae bt 9.
9. ee Area of the aa valve dilated in the middle . oie a 2 .. . €. btharensis Pant.
— not — _ Sa “Teo iis ches .. .. C. Pelta A. 8.

1. <A. Vaszaryi Pant. (1893). — Outline rhomboid, subacute. L. 0,06; B. 0,03 mm. Upper
V. unknown. Lower V. with narrow axial area and transverse, outwardly fimbriate central area.
Median striz transverse and of unequal length, 13 in 0,01 mm. Other strie strongly radiate
throughout, about 20 in 0,01 mm., punctate. — Nav. Vaszaryi Pant. IIT Pl. XVI f. 239.

Habitat? Nyermegy (Pant.).

Var. oregonica Ox. (1893). — Outline lanceolate with subrostrate, obtuse ends. L. 0,03;
B. 0,013 mm. Upper V. with lanceolate axial area, a third as broad as the valve, and with a
unilateral horseshoe-shaped marking. Coste slightly radiate, about 16 in 0,01 mm. alternating
with fine obliquely arranged puncta, about 30 in 0,01 mm. Lower valve without axial area and
with a large central area, fimbriate outwards. Median striz of unequal length and transverse,
about 18 in 0,01 mm. Striz of the other portions of the valve very radiate, becoming closer
towards the ends, about 26 in 0,01 mm. — Diatomiste II p. 57 Pl. III f. 15, 16.

Fresh water: Oregon, fossil!

This is a very interesting species, the lower valve of which perfectly resembles that of
Actinoneis. It appears to be akin to A. heteromorpha of the subgenus Actinoneis. There can be
no doubt that Nav. Vaszaryi Panv., which represents the lower valve, is very nearly related to
the form from Oregon, of which I have examined an entire frustule. The differences are slight,
as to the size, the outline, and the coarseness of the striation, for which reason I am not inclined

to consider them as distinct species.

2. A. hyperborea Grun. (1882). — Outline linear, with broad, sometimes cuneate, ends,
slightly constricted in the middle. L. ner to 0,028; B. 0,ov65 to 0,008 mm. slightly arcuate.
Upper V. with obsolete median Hne and broad, linear area. Strive 27 in 0,01 mm., radiate at the
ends. Lower V. without areas. Median strie 24, terminal 30 in 0,01 mm. — Ct. M. D. N:o 814.
Franz Josefs Land D. p. 102 Pl. I f. 4, 5.

Marine: Franz Josefs Land (Grun.).

184 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

3. <A. gibberula Grun. (1880). — Lanceolate, with obtuse ends. L. 0,018 to 0,02; B. 0,0045
to 0,oo5 mm. Upper V. with wide, lanceolate area. Strie 22 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with narrow,
lanceolate axial area, centrally not transversely dilated. Strive about 22 in 0,01 mm. radiate,
more distant in the middle than towards the ends. In the zonal view the upper margin of the
lower valve is gibbous in the middle. — A. D. p. 22. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 47 to 49.

Hot springs: East Indies (Grun.).

Var. angustior Grun. — Valves narrower. — V. H. T. N:o 189.

Fresh water: Stuttgart.

4. <A. Holstii Cu. (1881). — Lanceolate, with obtuse, subrostrate ends. L. 0,028; B. 0,009
mm. Upper V. with broad and lanceolate axial area. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm. subradiate in the
middle, parallel at the ends. Lower V. with very narrow axial area, dilated in the middle to a
central area not reaching to the margin. Strie 13 (middle) to 14 or 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm., ra-
diate. — D. from Green]. and Arg. p. 13 Pl. XVI f. 6, 7.

Fresh water: Greenland, Kornak!

5. A, marginulata Grow. (1880). — Elliptical. L. 0,011 to 0,022; B. 0,005 to 0,008 mm.
Upper V. with broad, lanceolate area. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. marginal. Lower V. with very
narrow or indistinct axial area. Central area large, quadrate. Striz 23 to 27 in 0,01 mm. —
A. D. p. 21. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 45, 46. Achnanthidium delicatulum Scuum. Tatra p. 61
Pl. II f. 22?

Fresh water, alpine regions: Arctic America! Greenland! Norway (Dovre)! Russian Lap-
land (Fiskarehalfén).

6. A. americana Cx. (1893). — Broadly elliptical with obtuse or subtruncate ends. L. 0,013;
B. 0,006 mm. Upper V. with broad, lanceolate area and about 16 striz in 0,01 mm., unilaterally
interrupted. Lower V. with lanceolate area. Strive about 17 in 0,01 mm., radiate and shortened
in the middle of the valve. — Diatomiste II Pl. III f. 17, 18.

Fresh water: Crane Pond, North America!

7. C. biharensis Pant. (1889). — Elliptical. L. 0,023 to 0,026; B. 0,013 te 0,016 mm.
Upper V. with lanceolate area, transversely dilated in the middle, and distinct median line. Strie
11 to 12,5 in 0,01 mm. radiate. Lower V. with marginal, costate and radiate striz, 8 to 12,5 in
0,01 mm. and with a row of parallel strie (12,5 in 0,01 mm.) along the median line, separated
from the marginal strize by narrow lateral areas. — Pant. II p. 57 Pl. V f. 90, 94.

Marine: Bory, Hungary (Pant.).

Var. minor Pant. (1889). — L. 0,016; B. 0,o8 mm. Upper V. with a row of short striz, 11 in
0,01 mm., at some distance from the margin, and enclosing a broad, lanceolate area without median
line. Lower V. with 11 striz in 0,01 mm., reaching to the median line. — Pant. IT Pl. IV f. 75, 76.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

8. €. pygme@a Scuum. (1864). — Broadly elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,007 to 0,011
mm. Strie 15 in 0,01 mm. Upper V. with broad, lanceolate area. Lower V. with narrow area.
— Preuss. D. I Nachtr. p. 19 Pl. IT f. 11.

Brackish water: Baltic (Schum.).

9. C. Pelta A. 8S. (1874). — Broadly elliptical. L. 0,02; B. 0,015 mm. Upper VY. with
broad, lanceolate area. Strize 12 in 0,01 mm. marginal. Lower V. with straight median line. —
N. 8. D: p. 93 PL TI £17. Atl CXCL, 6 to 9.

Marine: North Sea (A. 8).

10. ©. quarnerensis Grun. (1862). — Elliptical. L. 0,022 to 0,035; B. 0,012 to 0,016 mm.
Upper V. with very large, usually irregularly punctate area. Strie 9 in 0,01 mm., marginal, not

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLNGAR. BAND 27. N:0 3: 185

punctate. Lower V. with straight median line, ending near the margin. Its central pores some-
what distant. Axial area narrow; central large, orbicular. Strize 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm. slightly
radiate, not distinctly punctate. — Rhaphoneis quarn. Grun. Verh. 1862 p. 381 Pl. IV f. 24. C.
quarn, A. S. N.S. D. p. 93 Pl. TIT f. 15 to 16. Atl. CXCII, p. 20 to 24. Navicula Ovulum A. 8.
N. 8. D. Pl. II f. 12. C. clavigera O'Meara M. J. (n. s.) VII Pl. VII f. 5?

Marine: Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic! Fossil:
Karand, Hungary (a small form L. 0,015 mm.)!

11. A. Lilljeborgii Gru. (1881). — Lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,017 to 0,046; B. 0,008 to 0,01
mm. Upper V. strongly silicious, with lanceolate axial area, one third of the breadth of the valve,
with coarse scattered granules. Coste 8 to 9 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, not punctate. Lower
valve thin, with lanceolate narrow axial area. Strie 12 in 0,01 mm., radiate in the middle,
where some are of unequal length, parallel at the ends, finely punctate. — Bot. Centralbl. 1881
p. 68. Cu. a. M. D. N:o 102, 311. Diatomiste II Pl. III f. 19, 20.

Marine: Grip and Bergen, Norway! Ile de Bréhat, the Channel (Grunow).

12. ©. Lagerheimii Cu. (1893). — Outline elliptical. LL. 0,02 to 0,028; B. 0,01 to 0,015 mm.
Upper V. with lanceolate axial area, having in its middle two longitudinal rows of coarse puncta.
Striz costate, 8 in 0,01 mm., the two median unilaterally united into a horseshoe-like marking.
Lower V. delicate with straight median line. Central area uniting with very large lunate lateral
areas. Striz fine, 25 in 0,o1 mm. — Diatomiste II Pl. III f. 21, 22. A. 8. Atl. CXC, 46?

Fresh water: Ecuador, Sn. Nicolas, reg. trop.!

Actinoneis Cu. N. G.

Outline rhomboid to lanceolate. Valves very dissimilar. Upper valve with strong cost
and narrow axial area. Lower valve delicate, with finely punctate and strongly radiate strie.
No marginal rim.

This group comprises a number of peculiar diatoms, the upper and lower valves being ex-
ceedingly dissimilar. The lower valves are finely punctate-striate and the strie are usually alter-
nately longer and shorter in the middle, and strongly radiate throughout. Valves of such a cha-
racter are met with only in the group of Navicule microstigmatice and heterostiche, and in a less
degree in the Navicule lineolate (Nav. Gastrum for instance).

Artificial key.

1 Upper valve with an unilateral horseshoe-shaped marking . ........., "2.
es — without — _ — — Sala en avct bbe oh Oe
Lower valve with lateral areas. 6 2 2) eee ee . . A. inopinata Cu.
ss ee = without: see otis Aled Ree a de aoe A. heteromorpha Gruy.
Axial area of the upper valve lanceolate ........ . A. Lorenziana Grun.
a: = — — narrow linear. . ©. 2. 1 ee Ut ht es 4.
Valve cies or rostrate. ... . se. BOGE Site HBeadahs REE OS URN aD, Bs 5.
a ee deg ote Bes tae seme 6.
not : Ged. stl dead esindh
Coste 6 in 0,01 mm. ee ee ee en ee eee A. mammalis Castr.
Bg Se ES dee ee pre. By ube BS age A. dispar Cu.
6. es alve short, rhomboid... . 1.) ee eee es .. A. baldjikit Brw.
elongated — or lanceolate... . 0 6 1 eee es 7.
Axial and central area of the lower valve intieflnet eee wget « Ag Cleves GRon.
a oe — _— — — distinct .... : sg | BOE
Axial area a, Song dilated to a fimbriate central area... . : sie denies FLOGEL.
8: a — Janceolate. . 2... ee ee ee A. botinica Ct.

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 27. N:o 3. 24

186 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

1. <A. Clevei Gruy. (1860). — Lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,013 to 0,024; B. 0,006 to 0,009 mm.
Upper V. with linear, narrow axial area (sometimes with rudimentary central nodule, Grun.).
Costz 9 to 11 in 0,01 mm., radiate; intermediate spaces distinctly punctate. Lower V. with very
narrow axial area and very small or indistinct central area. Striz 18 to 24 in 0,01 mm. strongly
radiate, punctate. Median strie more distant than the others. — A. D. p. 21. V. H. Syn.
Pl. XXVIT £. 5, 7.

Fresh water: Billingen (Westergétland, Sweden)! Gulf of Bothnia at Tornea!

2. A. bottnica Cr. (1891). — Lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,017 to 0,032; B. 0,005 to 0,01
mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area, and parallel transverse costz, 11 to 12 in 0,01
mm.; intermediate spaces coarsely punctate (puncta 18 in 0,01 mm.). Lower V. with lanceolate
axial area. Strie 17 (middle) to 25 in 0,01 mm., radiate throughout. Among the median strie
some shorter ones are frequently intercalated. — A. Clevei var. bottn. — Cu. D. of Finl. p. 52
Pi TI. 4, 3.

Slightly brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia, at Tornea!

3. <A. dispar Cr. (1891). — Elliptical or lanceolate, with rostrate ends. I. 0,023; B. 0,009
mm. Upper V. with linear, narrow axial area. Coste parallel, 19 in 0,01 mm., not distinctly
punctate. Median coste abbreviate. Lower V. with indistinct axial area and orbicular central
area. Strie about 19 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate throughout, and in the middle alternately
longer and shorter. — D. of Finl. p. 52 Pl. III f. 2, 3.

Brackish water: Gulf of Bothnia, at Tornea!

4. A. imopinata Cx. (1893). — Rhomboid, acute. L. 0,027; B. 0,009 mm. Upper V. with
narrow axial area and, unilaterally, a horseshoe-shaped marking in the middle. Coste 12 in 0,01
mm. almost parallel, not punctate. Lower V. with narrow axial area and quadrate central area,
uniting with lunate lateral areas. Striz 14 in 0,01 mm., radiate, not distinctly punctate. —
Diatomiste II p. 57 Pl. III f. 13, 14. ;

Marine: Baldjik (near Varna) fossil!

5. A. heteromorpha Grun. (1880). — Rhomboid to lanceolate. L. 0,046 to 0,08; B. 0,02 to
Q,o25 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area and a horseshoe-shaped, unilateral marking in the
middle. Coste 8 to 10 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate, indistinctly (finely Grun.) punctate. Lower
V. with broad lanceolate central area. Strive 7 (middle) to 9 (ends) in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate
throughout. —- A. D. p. 23. Cu. Diatomiste IT Pl. III, 11, 12.

Fresh water: Demerara River!

6. A. danica FLéern (1873). — Rhomboid, acute. L. 0,036 to 0,05; B. 0,011 to 0,015 mm.
Upper V. with narrow axial area. Coste 8 to 13 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate or almost parallel,
alternating with fine lineolz, twice as close as the coste. Lower V..with narrow axial area and
transverse central area, fimbriate at the ends. Strie# about 26 in 0,01 mm. strongly radiate
throughout, in the middle alternately longer and shorter. — C. danica Fiécu, Pommerania D.
p. 91 f. 14. Ach. danica Grun. A. D. p. 21 (1880). A. heteropsis Grun. Cl. M. D. N:o 154 (1878).
Stauroneis cornuta Leup. Fortm. D. de Ceylon p. 37 Pl. III f. 36 (1879). Schizostauron fimbriatum
Grun. Hedwigia 1867 p. 28.

Marine: North Sea (Grip in Norway)! Mediterranean Sea! Adriatic (Grun.), Florida!

Var. major Cit. — L 0,07 to 0,08; B. 0,03 to 0,035 mm. Upper V. with 9 subradiate and
anastomosing coste in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with 16 distinctly punctate strie in 0,01 mm. —
Pl. VL 3,9:

Marine: Baldjik, fossil!

7. A. Lorenziana Grun. (1862). — Lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,04 to 0,05; B. 0,022 mm.
Upper V. with narrow lanceolate axial area, and strong, very slightly radiate cost, 7 in 0,01

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. w:o 3, 187

mm. Intercostal spaces finely punctate (puncta about 23 in 0,01 mm.), frequently apparently
smooth. Lower V. with straight median line, very narrow axial area. Central area transversely
dilated. Striz in the middle 18, at the ends much closer, about 27 in 0,01 mm. — Rhaphoneis
Lorenziana Grun. Verh. p. 381. Rhaph. fluminensis Grun. 1. c. Pl 1V f.5. V.H. Syn. Pl. XXXVI
f. 34. C. robusta Leup. Forrm. D. de Ceylon I f. 1? Achn. danica Pant. II Pl. IV f. 66? Rhapho-
neis Scutellum Petry D. de Ningpo Pl. III f. 6?

Marine: Barcelona, Balearic Islands! Adriatic (Grun.), Bab el Mandeb! Macassar Straits
(Grove Coll.)!

This species is in the index to the plates in Grunow’s monograph erroneously named R. flu-
minensis. I have seen an entire frustule in Grove’s collection, but the coarse structure of the
upper valve made the examination of the lower very difficult. It is doubtless no Rhaphoneis, but
a species nearly akin to A. danica.

8. A. mammalis Casrr. (1886). —- Elliptical, apiculate. L. 0,045 to 0,063; B. 0,02 to 0,038
mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area and slightly radiate cost (6 in 0,01 mm.) alter-
nating with double rows of small puncta, 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with very narrow axial
area. Central area transverse, widening outward, and laciniate. Striw 21 (middle) to 25 (ends) in
0,o1 mm. in the middle alternately longer and shorter, finely punctate. — Rhaphoneis mammalis
Casrr. D. Voy. Chall. p. 48 Pl. XXVI f. 3 (upper valve). Stawroneis tahitiana Caster. 1. c. Pl. XX
f. 16 (lower valve)? Stauroneis apiculata Gruc. Ed. N. Phil. J. X (n. s.) 1859 p. 30 PL IV f. 8
(lower valve)? Stauroneis? obesa Gruv. T. Bot. Soc. V. VIII p. 237 PL. III f. 12 (lower valve)?
A. mammatlis Icon. n. Pl. III f. 18, 14, 15.

Marine: Galapagos Islands! Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)!

Var. reticulata Cu. — Upper V. without rows of puncta between the costee, but connected
by longitudinal coste, forming an irregular reticulum. — Pl. III f. 16.

Marine: Macassar Straits (Grove Coll.)! Galapagos Islands!

Of the var. reticulata I have seen, besides upper valves, an entire frustule, with distinct
median line and transverse central area, but the coarse structure of the upper valve prevented
the exact examination of the lower valve, which however seems to have the same structure as
the type, although that of the upper valves is so different. The outline of both forms is exactly
the same.

9. A. baldjikii Brw. (1859). — Rhomboid. L. 0,045; B. 0,03 mm. Upper V. with linear
axial area and strong radiate cost (7 in 0,01 mm.) without intercostal puncta, and in the middle
alternately longer and shorter. Lower V. without axial area, central area small rounded. Striw
10 to 11 in 0,01 mm., strongly radiate throughout, punctate, in the middle alternately longer and
shorter. — Odontidium Bald. Brw. M. J. VII p. 180 Pl. IX f. 10. Rhaphonets Bald. Grun. Verh.
1862 p. 379. Achn. bald. Grun. A. D. p. 21. Panr. II Pl. XIII f. 204. Icon. n. Pl. II f. 4, 5.
A, bald. var. subquadrata Pant. IIL Pl. XIII f. 202. Dimeregramma baldj. Water and CuasE
NR. DB, PL Li BF 1886,

Marine: Baldjik near Varna, fossil!

Microneis Cu. N. G.

Valves small, linear to lanceolate, not very dissimilar. Upper valve with fine, parallel
strie and central, straight, narrow axial area. Lower valve with fine, almost parallel strie. No
marginal rim. Frustule genuflexed.

-This group comprises a number of usually very small diatoms, partly stipitate, partly free
and frequently genuflexed. Most of them inhabit fresh water, hot springs and brackish water.
As to their affinities, they seem to be most nearly akin to the Navicule minuscule and Navicule

mesoleie.

188 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

Artificial key.

L cag bicOnstPicted: wave he Re ER a ... A. trinodis Arn.
not constricted . . 1... be Che anette alae ei. tase aires 2.
9. ee valve with a transverse fascia ie : he shee Nase! Sara Sie ass 3.
— without....... ne re : Lo gece ee eC
Valve narrow, linear-lanceolate ; or ee .. A, affinis Gro.
3. \- narrow, elliptical... . ae > ume, 1d . . . A. hungarica Gron.
elliptical, rostrate . . : oa ... A. exigua Grun.
4. [ree broad and short... ....... , eer ee Ds
\ — narrow and elongated . 2... 2... wi uve By a ER eS es 7.
5. ati fine (25 in 0,o1 mm.) . : . : eh A. Biasolettiana Kitz.
7 — coarse (10 to 14 in 0.01 sais) 7 aa 6.
6. fe broadly lanceolate .. . > 95 : oe pe ee a ethene Kirz.
elliptical . . fy eh en tans pS ect ar’ A. Hauckiana Grun.
7, Ws 12 to 16 in oe MMS -Sethvte. ouhdeade. ae —«-S» ss SB) en Be caer 8.
— 2lormore.......... zs & Qian eG mtn ty Os
8. a lanceolate... 2... ee eee a ee ... A. Hudsonis Grun.
MHGHR). (se gt ak. Gs. eae gi aR Ge ae oe A. glabrata Grun.
4. i Q1in Oot mm. ....... ‘ i tee). AL exrilis Kirrz.
: — 24 or more in 001mm... ....... eS ae Sere ee ee 10.
10. ia with parallel margins... 00. we ee ee ee fn thet MG 11.
— slightly convex .. : ; ee ee eee oe 12.
11. es water habitat... . , . .. . A. linearis W. SM.
Marine ah ge bah: ck » oo. 6...) AL teniata Gro.
12 J Ends sulicapitate i Baas , GAS, 3 28 on A. microcephala Kivz.
“| = obttse 2 ee ck ee hot eo ees . . A. minutissima Ktrtz.
1. A. minutissima Kirz. (1833). — Linear with somewhat attenuate and obtuse ends.

L. 0,015 to 0,02; B. 0,003 to 0,oo4 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area. Striz about
26 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Lower V. without axial area and with small, transverse central area.
Strie about 25 in 0,01 mm., stronger in the middle, slightly radiate. — Dec. N:o 75 (1833) accor-
ding to Lagst. Grun. A. D. p. 23. V. H. Syn. p. 181 Pl. XXVII f. 35 to 88. A. exilis W. Sm.
B. D, If Pl. XXXVII f. 303.

Fresh water: Sweden! Germany! England! Belgium (V. H.), probably common everywhere.

Var. cryptocephala Gron. — Smaller, with slightly capitate ends. L. 0,012 to 0,018; B. 0,002
to 0,003 mm. Strie about 30 in 0,01 mm. — V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 41 to 44.

Fresh water: Finland!

2. A. microcephala Kirz. (1844). — Linear lanceolate, with subcapitate ends. L. 0,009
to 0,026; B. 0,003 mm. Upper valve with linear axial area and parallel strie, 30—36 in 0,01 mm.,
the median striz abbreviated. Lower V. without axial area and with small transverse central
area. Striz about 32 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. — A. microcephalum Kitz. Bac. 75 Pl. III
f. 13, 19 (1844). Grun. A. D. p. 22. V. H. Syn. p. 131 Pl XXVIT f. 20 to 23. Navicala
pachycephala Scuum. Preuss. D. 2:te N. Il f. 44?

Fresh water: Sweden (Helsingland)! Belgium (V. H.).

Achnanthidium microcephalum W. Sm. B. D. is probably Anomoeoneis exilis Grun.

3. A. linearis W. Sm. (1855). — Linear with rounded ends. L. 0,01 to 0,02; B. 0,003 to
Q,oo4 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area and parallel striw, 24 to 27 in 0,01 mm.
Lower V. without axial area and with small and transverse central area. Striee 22 to 28 in 0,01
mm. — Achnanthidium lin. W. Sm. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855 p. 8 Pl. If. 9. B. D. II
p. 31 Pl. LXI f. 381. Achnanthes lin. Grun. A. D. p. 23. V. H. Syn. p. 131 Pl. XXVII f. 31, 32.
Fresh water: Norway (Dovre)! England! Belgium (V. H.).

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2¢. w:o 3. 189

Var. pusilla Grun. (1880). — L. 0,013 to 0,017; B. 0,003 to 0,004 mm. Strix 18 to 23 in
0,o1 mm. — A. D. p. 23. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 33, 34.

Fresh water: Greenland! Norway (Dovre)!

Var. Jackit Rasy. (1861). -- Broader. L. 0,015; B. 0,0045 mm. Strize about 25 to 26 in
0,01 mm. — Achnanthidium Jackii Rasy. Alg. E. N:o 10038. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 24.

Fresh water: Baden (Rabh.)!

4. A. exilis Kitz. (1833). — Linear-lanceolate, with rounded ends. UL. 0,015 to 0,03;
B. 0,008 to 0,oo9 mm. Upper V. with narrow, axial area slightly dilated at the middle. Striz
parallel, about 21 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. without axial area and with small and rounded central
area. Strie slightly radiate throughout, in the middle 20, at the ends 27 in 0,01 mm. — Dee.
N:o 12 (according to Lagst.). Grun. A. D. p. 22. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVIIf. 16 to 19. A. subhun-
garicum Gutw. Materialy p. 29 Pl. I f. 26?

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Germany!

5. A. glabrata Grun. (1863). — Linear, with rounded ends. L. 0,012 to 0,046; B. 0,0068
to 0,013 mm. Upper V. with 12 to 18 strie in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with 13 to 15 striz in 0,01
mm. coarser in the middle than elsewhere. Frustule with broad connecting zone, and rudimentary
diaphragms at the ends. — Verh. 1863 p. 146 Pl. IV f. 17. A. D. p. 22.

Marine: California (Cl. M. D. N:o 120), Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, North and South Ame-
merica (Grun.).

Var. auklandica Grun. (1880). — L. 0,035 to 0,04 mm. Striz 22 to 24 in 0,01 mm. Median
strie more distant, 10 to 11 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 22.

Marine: Auckland (Grun.).

Akin to this species is probably the incompletely described and figured Cymbosira minutula
Grun. (Verh. 1863 p. 146 Pl. IV f. 27).

6. A. Biasolettiana Kiirz. (1844). — Broadly lanceolate, with obtuse, rounded-truncate ends,
somewhat gibbous in the middle. JL. 0,055 to 0,031; B. 0,0065 to 0,007 mm. Upper V. with narrow
linear axial area. Striz parallel, about 25 in 0.01 mm. Lower V. without axial area; central
area small, rounded. Striez 25 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate in the middle. -- Synedra Bias. Kitz.
Bac. p. 63 Pl. III f. 22. Achn. Bias. Grun. A. D. p. 22. V. H. Syn. p. 130 Pl. XXVII f. 27, 28.

Fresh water: Hungary (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.).

Forma minuta Grun. (1880). — L. 0,012 to 0,013; B. 0,o045. Strie 24 in 0,01 mm. —
A. D. p. 22.

Fresh water: Triest (Grun.).

Var. sublinearis Grun. — Linear, narrowed at the ends. L. 0,014; B. 0,oo4 mm. Strize 17

to 22 in 0,01. mm. — V. H. T. N:o 11.
Brackish water: Belgium (V. H. T.).

7. A. teniata Grun. (1880). — Frustule scarcely arcuate. V. linear, with rounded ends.
L. 0,02 to 0,03; B. 0,005 mm. Lower V. without areas. Strie about 24 in 0,01 mm. more distant
in the middle and closer towards the ends. — A. D. p. 22 Pl. If. 5.

Marine: Sea of Kara (Grun.).

8. A. Hudsonis Grun. (1881). — Linear-lanceolate or subelliptical, with broad and obtuse,
frequently’ subrostrate, ends. L. 0,015 to 0,035; B. 0,005 to 0,oos mm. Upper V. with narrow,
linear axial area and parallel strie, 15 to 16 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with narrow axial area;
small and orbicular or subrhomboidal central area. On each side of the central nodule is a lunate
marking. Strie 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate. -- V. H. Syn. XXVII f. 25, 26.

Brackish water: Hudson River!

190 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

9. A. trinodis Aryorr (1861). — Linear, gibbous in the middle and at the broad ends.
L. 0,015 to 0,02; B. 0,005 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area dilated in the middle to an
almost orbicular, small central area. Striew about 30 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Lower V. without
distinct axial area and with small central area. Striz about 30 in 0,01 mm. parallel. — Achnan-
thidium trinode Pritcn. Inf. p. 872 Pl. VIII f. 9. Nav. trinodis Grun. Verh. 1860 p. 551 Pl. 1V
f. 8. Rhoiconeis trin. Gruy. Verh. 1863 p. 147. Achn. trin. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 50 to 52.
Fresh water: England, Tyrol (Grun.).

10. A. delicatula Kirz. (1844). — Elliptic-lanceolate, frequently with subrostrate ends.
L. 0,01 to 0,02; B. 0,005 to 0,011 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area. Striz 14 to 15
in 0,01 mm. almost parallel. Lower V. with indistinct axial area and very small, orbicular central
area. Strizw 17 to 19 in 0,01 mm. the median shorter. — Achnanthidium delicatulum Kitz. Bac.
p- 75 Pl. III f. 21. Achnanthes delic. Grun. A. D. p. 22, 1880. V. H. Syn. p. 130 Pl. XXVII f. 3, 4.

Brackish water: Greenland! Arctic America! North Sea! English Channel! Balearic Islands!
San Francisco!

11. A. Hauckiana Grow. (1880). — Elliptical to elliptic-lanceolate. L. 0,012 to 0,031;
B. 0,006 to 0,008 mm. Upper V. with linear, narrow axial area. Stria 10 to 12 in 0,01 mm.,
parallel, lower V. without axial area and with small central area. Striz 10 to 13 in 0,01 mm.
radiate. — A. D. p. 21. Achn. Hauckii Grun. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 14, 15.

Hot springs and brackish water: Triest (Grun.), Canada! New Zealand! Tasmania! Cape Horn!

12. A. affinis Grun. (1880). — Linear-lanceolate, obtuse. L. 0,015 to 0,023; B. 0,003 to
0,o0o35 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area. Strie parallel 27 to 30 in 0,01 mm. Lower
V. with narrow axial area. Central area a transverse fascia, reaching to the margin. Strie about
30 in 0,01 mm. radiate throughout. -- A. D. p. 20. V. H. Syn. p. 130 Pl. XXVII f. 39, 40.

Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Tasmania! North America, White Mountains!

Var. jamalinensis Grun. (1880). — L. 0,037; B. 0,005 mm. Strie of the lower V. 16 in 0,01

mm. — A. hungarica var.? jamal. Grun. A. D. p. 20.
Marine(?): Sea of Kara (Grun.).
13. A. exigua Grun. (1880). — Broadly elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate, obtuse ends.

L. 0,013 to 0,017; B. 0,005 to 0,oo6 mm. Upper V. with narrow, linear axial area. Strize about
22 in 0,01 mm. parallel. Lower V. with very narrow axial area. Central area a transverse
fascia, reaching to the margin. Striz about 25 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout. — Stauro-
neis exilis Kitz. Bac. p. 105 Pl. XXX f. 21. Scuum. Preuss. D: II Nachtr. Pl. II f. 59. Ach.
exigua Grun. A. D. p. 21. V. H. Syn. Pl. XXVII f. 29, 30.

Fresh water, hot springs: Sweden (Hernésand, interglacial deposit)! Germany (Berlin)!
Brazil! Ecuador! Surinam! Java! New Zealand! Hawaii!

14. A. hungarica Gruy. (1863). — Narrow elliptical or linear-lanceolate with subcuneate
ends. L. 0,02 to 0,03; B. 0,006 to 0,oo7 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area, in the middle
dilated to a narrow, short, transverse central area. Strie about 21 in 0,01 mm., parallel. Lower
V. with narrow axial area. Central area a broad fascia. Strie about 21 in 0,01 mm., slightly
radiate. — <Achnanthidium hungaricum Grun. Verh. 1863 p. 146 Pl. IV f. 8. Achnanthes hung.
A. D. p. 20. V. H. Syn. p. 130 Pl. XXVII f. 1, 2. Achnanthidinm neglectum Scuum. Preuss.
D. JI Nachtr. p. 54 Pl. I f. 17?

Fresh water: Sweden (Grun.), Belgium (V. H.), Hungary (Grun.), Illinois! Brazil! Ecuador!
Australian Alps (Rieva Lagoon)!

To this group may belong Achnanthes Gregoryana Gruev. (M. J. VII p. 84 Pl. VI f. 18, 14)
if this form, of which the zonal view is figured, be really an Achnanthes, but it appears more
probable that it may represent an arcuate Gyrosigma perhaps G. arcticum.,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 2¢. w:0 3. 191

Achnanthidium (Kitz. 1844) Hers. 1863.

Outline more or less linear, rarely elliptical. Valves dissimilar. Upper valve without cen-
tral nodule and median line, but with narrow, frequently asymmetrical axial area, not costate
(except A. groenlandica). Structure transverse rows of puncta (except A. groenlandica). Lower
valve with straight, central median line. Central nodule usually stauroid. Central area a trans-
verse fascia. Structure: transverse rows of puncta. Frustule genuflexed, without rim. Connecting
zone usually with longitudinal rows of short strie.

Cell-contents (of .4. lanceolata) a single chromatophore-plate along the inside of the upper
valve or (as in A. brevipes) two plates, deeply sinuose in the middle along the inside of the
connecting zone. In conjugation one cell (A. brevipes) gives origin according to LipErs to one
auxospore (Pfitz. Bau und Entw. p. 85).

This group comprises most of the stipitate species of Achnanthes of authors. They agree
in outline with the true Achnanthes, which have an entirely different structure. Whether the
genus formed by me is natural is somewhat doubtful, the cell-contents of A. lanceolata being very
similar to those of Cocconeis, and those of A. brevipes agreeing with those of Navicula. On the
other hand A. groenlandica differs in the costate upper valve and is remarkable for the rudimen-
tary diaphragms at the ends of the frustule, which point to some affinity with the Tabellarie
(Entopyla). The exact position of this group in a natural system is impossible to define at present.

Artificial key *).

Margin of the upper valve with a horseshoe-shaped mark ..... A. lanceolata Brus.

1. i (A. Peragalli Bris. a. HERIB.).
—_ — without — —_ _ : 2.

9. a re Poe ye a A. crenulata Gnow. (A. breuines: var. etbcwennatal:
not — Saree Regie aim Bay MP ge San 5 eae! ao

3, aie valve with dnaiiavense castes oa a ee : A groenlandica CL.
. = rows of puncta . s 3 ae Seog) | ee AS
4. (oe area of the upper valve central... . Bye CARRE A ee, one Bi 5.
— — excentric. . Ue AmAChaS eA wes 6.

5. oe Linear a2 ee a Goat oar ce bo i AR ad . A, mesogongyla GRun.

: lanceolate. a er a ee A. margaritarum Ct.

6. ieee centrally gibbous .. . Pe Sea ae aos ... . A, inflata Gron.
not — eke teh , : i Oi, «> Banks Eh i

7. eck small and constricted . : .... A. coarctata Bris.

— — elliptical or large, and enumteieted, ornot...... . A. brevipes Ag.

1. A. margaritarum Cx. (1893). — V. not arcuate, lanceolate, with slightly protracted

ends. I. 0,05 to 0,06; B. 0,o2 mm. Upper V. with central, narrow axial area. Striz 10 (middle)
to 13 (ends) in 0,01 mm. very slightly radiate, composed of distinct puncta, arranged in straight,
longitudinal rows, 15 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with straight median line, indistinct, axial and small,
orbicular central area. Striz 10 (middle) to 15 (ends) in 0,01 mm. composed of puncta, arranged
in straight longitudinal rows, 13 in 0,01 mm. .— Dissomisne IL p. 57 Pl. III f. 9, 10.
' Marine: Pearl Islands (near Java?)!

This remarkable species is not akin to any other. ‘The upper valve has some resemblance

of Rhaphoneis amphiceros.

9. A. lanceolata Bris. (1849). — Narrow, elliptic-lanceolate to broadly elliptical, with
rounded, obtuse, rarely rostrate, ends. L. 0,017 to 0,035; B. 0,005 to 0oos mm. Upper V. with

1) The incompletely known Ach. beccata Leup. Fortm., A. agglutinata Grun. and Cocconeis perpusilla Pan. not
included.

192 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

linear, central axial area, on one side of which, in the middle of the valve, there is a horseshoe-
shaped area. Strie 13 in 0,01 mm. almost parallel, coarsely punctate. Lower V. with narrow
axial area and broad, quadrate or rectangular central area. Siriz 14 in 0,01 mm., slightly radiate,
coarsely punctate. — Achnanthidium lanceolatum Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 54. W. Sm. B. D. II Pl. XXXVII
f. 304. Achnanthes lance. Grun. A. D. p. 23. V. H. Syn. p. 181 Pl. XXVII f. 8 to 11. Stauro-
neis truncata Scuum. Preuss. D. I Nachtr. p. 22 f. 28.

Fresh water: Throughout Europe! Amsterdam Island! Tasmania! New Zealand! Australia
(North Australia, Daintree River, Australian Alps)! Ilinois! Ecuador!

Var. dubia Grun. (1880). — Broadly lanceolate. L. 0,015 to 0,017; B. 0,007 to 0,0072 mm.
Strie 13 to 14 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 23. V. H. Syn. p. 132 Pl. XXVII f. 12, 13.
Fresh water: Belgium (V. H.), Austria (Grun.)!

Var. elliptica Cu. (1891). — Elliptical. L. 0,012 to 0,016; B. 0,007 to 0,oo9 mm. Upper V.
with 16 strize in 0,01 mm. — D. of Finland p. 51 Pl. TIT f. 10, 11.
Fresh water: Abo in Finland!

Var. Haynaldii Saarscu. (1881). — Inflated in the middle, with rostrate-capitate ends. L.
0,025 to 0,027; B. 0,007 mm. Strie 16 in 0,01 mm., indistinctly punctate. — Achn. Haynaldii Saarscu.
Spec. Phyc. Aequat. p. 8 (according to De Toni Syll. p. 478). Cx. Diatomiste II Pl. VII f. 14.
Fresch water: Ecuador, Antisana!

3. A. Peragalli Brun. a. Hirrp. (1893). — Broadly elliptical, inflated, with protracted api-
culate or subcapitate ends. LL. 0,012 to 0,016; B. 0,006 to 0,oos mm. Upper V. with narrow,
linear and central axial area, on one side of which in the middle of the valve there is a horseshoe-
shaped area. Strive 17 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate. Lower V. with large, outward dilated central
area. Striz very fine and oblique. — D. d’Auvergne p. 50 Pl. If. 4.

Fresh water: Puy de Déme, living (Brun. Coll.)!

A very small, but distinct species, resembling A. lane. var. Haynaldit.

4, A. mesogongyla Grun. (1879). — Narrow, elongated, inflated in the middle, with rounded
ends. L. 0,08 to 0,09; B. 0,013 to 0,014 mm. Upper V. with central, narrow axial area and
transverse, coarsely punctate striz, 10 in 0,01 mm. (puncta 18 in 0,01 mm.). Lower V. with broad
central fascia. Strice 11 in 0,01 mm. punctate; puncta 18 in 0,01 mm. — Cr. M. D. N:o 193.
A. D. p. 19. Icon. nost. Pl. III f. 2.

Fresh water: Brazil!

5. A. coarctata Bris. (1855). — Linear, slightly constricted in the middle, with broad,
truncate ends. L. 0,04; B. 0,008 mm. Upper V. with very excentric, narrow, frequently infra-
marginal, axial area. Striz 11 to 14 in 0,01 mm. punctate. Lower V. with broad central fascia.
Strie 12 to 15 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate, punctate. — Achnanthidium coarct. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. [2] Vol. XV p. 8 f. 10. W. Sm. B. D. Pl. LXI f. 379. Achnanthes coarct Grun. A. D.
p- 20. V. H. Syn. p. 130 Pl. XXVI f. 17 to 20. Achnanthidium coarct. var. elineata Laast.
Spitsb. D. p. 49 Pl. I f. 16. <Achn. binodis Kus. M. G. Pl. XXXIV, 5, B, 12.

Fresh water, moist earth, on mosses: Spitsbergen! Beeren Eiland (Lagst.), Arctic America!
Sweden (Upsala)! England! France! Belgium (V. H.).

6. A. inflata Kurz. (1844). — Elongated, gibbous in the middle, with rounded capitate ends.
L. 0,045 to 0,065; B. 0,015 to 0,018 mm. Upper V. with very excentric axial area. Strise 9 to
10 in 0,01 mm. parallel, composed of coarse puncta, about 9 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with broad
fascia. Strie about 10 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate; puncta about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Stauroneis
inflata Kirz. Bac. 105 Pl. XXX f. 22. Achnanthes ventricosa Ens. M. Geol. p. 226. Monogramma
ventr. Ens. M. Geol. Pl. I, II, f. 9, Pl. III f. 18, 19, 6, « Grev. T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27. w:o 3. 193

p. 439 Pl. VI f. 6, 7. Achnanthes inflata Grun. A. D. p. 19. Navicula elata Luup. Fortm. D. de
Ceylon Pl. III f. 28. Achn. brevipes var. tumidula Grun. A. D. p. 19.

Fresh water, in tropical and subtropical regions: South Tyrol (Grun.), Pompeii (Grun.),
Java! Australia! Tasmania! New Zealand! Tahiti! Brazil! Ecuador! Cuba (Grun.), Bourbon and
Mauritius (Ehb.).

Var. Smithiana Grev. (1866). — Ends cuneate. Strix coarser. — Monogramma Smithiana
Grev. T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII Pl. VI f. 3 to 5.

Fresh water: Mauritius and New Hebrides (Grun.). Cameroon, Africa!

7. A. brevipes Ac. (1824). — Linear-lanceolate, frequently slightly constricted in the
middle, with cuneate ends. Upper V. with somewhat excentric axial area and transverse rows of
coarse puncta forming irregular longitudinal rows. Lower V. with indistinct axial area. Central
nodule transversely dilated into a stauros, reaching to the margin. Striw slightly radiate. Frus-
tule genuflexed, stipitate. Connecting zone finely and transversely striate.

_ Var. parvula Kiirz. (1844). — Elliptical. L. 0,01 to 0,02; B. 0,005 to 0,oo7 mm. Upper V.
with 12 to 18 striz in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with about 15 strie in 0,01 mm. — A. parvula Kis.
Bac. p. 76 Pl. XXI f. 5. Grun. A. D. p. 19. V. H. Syn. p. 129 Pl. XXVI f. 25 to 28. A. pa-
chypus Mont. Ann. Se. nat. (2) T. VIII p. 348 (accord. to Kiitz.). Ktrz. Bac. p. 76 Pl. XXI f. 2.

Brackish water: Trondhjem! England! Ostend (V. H.), Calvados! Galapagos Islands!

Var. Leudugeri Temp. a. Brun (1889). — Broadly lanceolate with obtuse ends. I. 0,075 to
0,095; B. 0,03 to 0,037 mm. Strie of the lower V. 6 in 0,01 mm. — Achn. Leud. D. foss. du
Japon p. 9 Pl. IX f. 11.

Marine: Japan, fossil (Temp. Br.).

Var. typica Cu. — Linear with cuneate ends, frequently constricted in the middle. L. 0,07
to 0,1; B. 0,o2 mm. Upper V. with slightly excentric axial area. Stria 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm.
coarsely punctate; puncta 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. forming undulating longitudinal rows. Lower V.
with indistinct axial area. Central area a narrow fascia, reaching to the margin. Strie 7 to 9 in
0,01 mm. slightly radiate and coarsely punctate. — A. brevipes Aa. Syst. Alg. p. 1. Kurz. Dee.
N:o 77, 78 (according to Lagst.) 1833. W. Sm. B. D. Il Pl. XXXVII f. 301. V. H. Syn. p. 129
Pl. XXVI f. 10 to 12. A. salina Kitz. Linnea 1838 p. 72.

Brackish water: Arctic America! Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! North Sea! Baltic!
Caspian Sea (Grun.), Japan, fossil! Monterey and Mauritius (Grun. forma contracta A. D. p. 19).

Var. marginata Cu. — Rhomboid-lanceolate, subacute. L. 0,12; B. 0,05 mm. Upper V. with
excentric, linear axial area and transverse strie, 7 in 0,01 mm., composed of large quadrate alveoli.
Parallel to the margin and close to it, is an elevated line or keel. Connecting zone with longitu-
dinal rows of coarse puncta, 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Madagascar!

Var. capensis Cu. — Narrow, linear lanceolate, tapering from the middle. L. 0,05; B. 0,01
mm. Upper V. with- very excentric axial area and 9 granulate strie in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with
11 almost parallel striz in 0,01 mm. composed of about 13 puncta in 0,01 mm.

Marine: Cape of Good Hope!

Var. subcrenulata Cu. (1891). — Narrow elliptic-linear, obtuse, with crenulated margin. L. 0,047;
B. 0,012 mm. Upper V. with very excentric axial area and parallel strie, 8 in 0,01 mm., com-
posed of large puncta (7 to 8 in 0,01 mm.). Lower V. with 11 striz in 0,01 mm. Puncta 11 to
12 in 0,01 mm. -— Diatomiste I p. 50 Pl. IX f. 5, 6.

Brackish water: New Guinea!

Var. intermedia Kirz. (1833). — Linear-elliptical, with rounded ends. L. 0,03 to 0,05; B.
0,o1 to 0,011 mm. Strive about 10 in 0,01 mm. — Achn. int. Kirz. Dec. N:o 21 (according to
Lagst.). Laast. Ofvers. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. X f. $a. A. subsessilis Kiivz. Dec. N:o 42 (1833)

kK. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar. Bd 27. N:o 3. 25

194 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

according to Lagst. W. Sm. B. D. If Pl. XXXVII f. 302. V. H. Syn. p. 129 Pl. XXVI f. 21 to
24. A. multiarticulata Aa. Consp. p. 59 (1832). A. capensis Kiirz. Bac. p. 76 Pl. XXI f. 1 (1844).
Achnanthidium arcticum Cu. D. Arctic Sea p. 25 Pl. IV f. 22 (1873). Achn. Léceyi Pant. II p. 57
Pl. XII f. 217 (1889).

Brackish and marine: Finmark! Coasts of Britain (Sm.), North Sea! Baltic! Caspian Sea
(Grun.), Mediterranean Sea! Amsterdam Island (Grun.).

Var. seriata Ag. (1827). — Frustules concatenated into Diatoma-like series. Valves elongated,
narrow, frequently broader at one end than at the other. — A. seriata Aa. Bot. Zeitung 1827.
Consp. p. 60. Cymbosira Agardhi Kir1z. Bac. p. 77 Pl. XX f. 3 (1844). A. ser. var.? cuneata
Grun. A. D. p. 19. A. subsessilis var. enervis Putit Mém. de la Soc. de Cherb. p. 207 Pl. XXIIT
Pl. III f. 2?

Marine: Adriatic (Kitz), Java! Labuan! Pacific Ocean (Grun.).

Var. angustata Grev. (1859). — Elongated, narrow. IL. 0,07 to 0,15; B. 0,005 to 0,01 mm.
Strie 10 to 15 in 0,01 mm. — A. angustata Grev. M. J. VIT p. 163 Pl. VIII f. 9. A. pennata
Cu. Vega p. 504 Pl. XXXV f. 2.

Marine: Californian guano (Grev.), Ceylon!

GREVILLE figures two coherent frustules in the zonal view, for which reason the identifi-
catation with A. pennata CL., the figure of which represents a lower valve, is somewhat doubtful.

Var.? penneformis Grev. (1865). — Frustule biarcuate, long and narrow. Lower valve
linear obtuse. L. 0,15; B. 0,01 mm. Striz parallel, 12 in 0,01 mm. punctate, puncta 13 in 0,01
mm. — Achnanthes pennef. Grev. T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII p. 488 Pl. VI f. 11 to 13.

Marine: Sandwich Islands!

Var. indica Brun (1893). — Centrally constricted, with cuneate ends. L. 0,06 to 0,075;
B. 0,02 mm. Strie and puncta 8 to 9 in 0,01. mm. — Achnanthes indica. Brun Diatomiste I
p. 173 Pl. XXIV f. 14.

Marine: Rodriguez (Brun).

A. brevipes is an exceedingly variable species, on the varieties of which a great number of
mew species», usually imperfectly described and figured, has been founded. The characteristics,
by which these reputed species differ, are such trifling ones as the shape of the valve, the size of.
the stipes, the excentricity of the axial area of the upper valve, etc. But as all these characteri-
stics are very variable, I am unable to separate as species the above named varieties. A. inflata,
A. crenulata and A. coarctata, are so nearly allied to A. brevipes that it is difficult to state any
stable characteristics for their distinction. Achn. parallela Castr. (Voy. Challenger p. 41 Pl. XTX
f. 11) and A. kerguelensis Caste. (1. c. Pl. XX f. 41) would seem to belong to the varieties of
A, brevipes, were not the area of the upper valves represented as central, and the strive of the
latter so fine.

8. ©. perpusilla Pant. (1889). — V. broadly lanceolate. L. 0,015; B. 0,oos mm. Lower V.
with narrow axial area. Central area a narrow transverse fascia, reaching to the margin. Median
line straight. Striz 17,5 in 0,01 mm. punctate, slightly radiate througheut. Upper V.? —
Pant. IE p. 58 Pl. IV £. 7s.

Marine: Hungary, fossil (Pant.).

A small form, unknown to me, resembling a small variety of Achnanthes subsessilis.

9. A. agglutinata Groun. (1880). — V. narrow, lanceolate. lL. 0,022 to 0,028; B. 0,004 to
0,005 mm. Upper V. with 13 punctate striz in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with 15 punctate strie in
0,o1 mm. — A. D. p. 19.

Marine: Triest. P

This, to me unknown form, resembles according to Grunow A. subsessilis, but occurs attached
by the lower valve to seaweeds, not on gelatinous stalks as A. subsessilis,

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 27%. wn:o 3. 195

' 10. A, baceata Lzup. Fort. (1879). — Linear, with broad, rounded ends. L. 0,1; B. 0,025
mm. Lower V. with wide and irregular axial area. Central area large and irregularly transverse.
Strize 7 in 0,01 mm. formed of large puncta, arranged in undulating, longitudinal rows. — Stauro-
neis baccata Leup. D. de Ceylan p. 37 Pl. IIL f. 35. Achnanthes curvata Levp. 1. ¢. Pl I f. 5?
A, bace. Icon. n. Pl. IIT f. 3.

Marine: Colombo, Ceylon (Le Tourneur Coll.)!

11. A. groenlandica Cr. (1873). — Linear with rounded ends. L. 0,04 to 0,06; B. 0,005
to 0,007 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area and strong costate striz, 4,5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.
crossed by a longitudinal line. Lower V. with indistinct axial area. Central area a broad trans-
verse fascia. Central pores of the median line somewhat distant. Strie 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm.
slightly radiate, formed by 3 to 4 large, distant puncta. Frustule genuflexed. Connecting zone
with a row of puncta, 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. Lower valve with rudimentary diaphragms. — <Ach-
nanthidium groenlandicum Cu. A. D. p. 25 Pl. IV f. 23. <Achnanthes gr. Grun. A. D..p. 20.
Cu. Vega p. 460 Pl. XXXV f. 3.

Marine: Arctic America! Greenland! Spitsbergen! Finmark! Behrings Island!

12. A. erenulata Grun. (1880). — Elliptical to elliptic-linear, obtuse, with crenulated
margin (2,5 to 3 undulations in 0,01 mm.). L. 0,034 to 0,076; B. 0,015 to 0,o2 mm. Upper V.
with very excentric and narrow axial area. Strie parallel, 6 to 6,5 in 0,01 mm. coarsely punc-
tate; puncta 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with narrow but distinct axial area. Central area a
transverse fascia. Strie 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. slightly radiate throughout, punctate; puncta 6 to 7
in 0,01 mm. -—- A. D. p. 20. Cu. Diatomiste I p. 50 Pl. IX f. 3, 4.

Fresh or brackish water: New Guinea! Samoa! Australia (Daintree River)!

Achnanthes Bory 8:t Vincent (1822).

Outline linear to elliptical or lanceolate. Upper valve with central and narrow axial area,
without central nodule and median line. Lower valve with median line and stauroid central
nodule. Axial area narrow. Structure similar in both
valves: transverse coste, alternating with double rows
of small puncta, arranged in decussating rows. Frus-
tule genuflexed, stipitate. No annulus. Connecting
zone transversely striate. The cell-contents of A. lon-
gipes have a number of scattered, rounded or elongated
chromatophore-granules.

Achnanthes, limited as above, has a great resem-
blance to Achnanthidium, as regards the manner of
living and the form of the frustule and the valves, but
the structure is different. Of the affinities of Achnan-
thes little can be stated. The structure of A. javanica

: ' i Achnanthes longipes with cell-contents; 5U0 times
and of A. bengalensis, which, according to Grunow, have magnified.

longitudinal lines, has some resemblance to that of
Scoliotropis and Gomphoneis. Mastogloia Grevillei has a similar structure, but differs greatly in
other respects. There is also some resemblance to Mastoneis, the central nodule of which also

forms a stauros, although short.

1. A. longipes C. Ac. (1832). — Linear-elliptical, with broad, rounded and frequently
cuneate ends, usually slightly constricted in the middle. L. 0,005 to 0,18; B. 0,012 to 0,027 mm.
Upper V. convex. Axial area a central, linear silicious rib. Coste 7 to 8 in 0,01 mm. parallel,

196 P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

alternating with double rows of puncta, 9 in 0,01 mm. Lower V. with almost indistinct axial
area. Central nodule a narrow stauros, not bifid at the margin. Coste 6,5 in 0,01 mm. puncta
10 in 0,01 mm. Connecting zone finely striate. —- Consp. cr. p. 58. Kwtrz. Bac. p. 77 Pl. XX
f. 1. Prircw Inf. Pl. VII f. 42. W. Sm. B. D. II p. 26 Pl. XXXV f. 300; Pl. XXXVI f. 300.
V. H. Syn. p. 129 Pl. XXVI f. 13 to 16. A. Carmichaeli GRrev. according to Kitz.

Brackish water and marine: Coasts of Britain (Sm.), Baltic! Mansfelder Seen in Saxony!
North Sea! Adriatic! Mediterranean Sea! Belgium (V. H.), S:t Pauls Island (Grun.).

2. A. javanica Grun. (1878). — Broadly elliptical to lanceolate, gradually tapering to the

obtuse or subacute ends. LL. 0,03 to 0,06; B. 0,013 to 0,o25 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial
area. Costa 5 to 6 in 0,01 mm., puncta 11 to 12 in 0,01 mm. Near the margin are two obsolete
longitudinal lines (according to Grunow). Lower V. with very narrow axial area. Central nodule
transversely dilated into a stauros, bifid near the margin. Coste 6 to 7 in 0,01 mm. radiate in
the middle and transverse at the ends, alternating with double rows of puncta, 13 in 0,01
mm. — Cu. M. D. Nio 147. A. D. p. 18.

Marine: Java! China!

Var. rhombica Grun. — Rhomboid-lanceolate. L. 0,068; B. 0,035 mm. Coste of the lower
V. 4,5 to 5 in 0,01 mm. — A. D. p. 18.

Marine: Java!

3. A. bengalensis Grun. (1880). —- Linear with rounded ends. L. 0,028 to 0,05; B. 0,008
to 0,oo9 mm. Upper V. with narrow axial area and 5 to 6 cost in 0,01 mm., crossed between
the area and the margin by a longitudinal line. Puncta about 13 in 0,01 mm. At each end of
the valve is a small blank spot on both sides of the area. Lower V. with narrow axial area and
narrow stauros. Coste 8 in 0,01 mm., alternating with double rows of puncta, about 20 in 0,01
mm. — A. D. p. 18.

Brackish water: Bengal (Grun.).

Achn. costata Gruv. (T. Bot. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VIII p. 438 Pl. VI f. 8 to 10; 1866) figured
as having a single row of puncta between the cost, is probably an allied form.

Imperfectly known species, which cannot, for the present, be admitted in the above
monograph. ')

Cocconeis emula A. 8. Atl. CXCIV f. 18.

C. avcta A. 8. 1. ce CXCI f 1 seems to be a new species belonging to Microneis (nearest
to A. Hudsonis), but the figure does not shew the finer structure.

C. biflera A. S. Atl. CXCIIL f. 25.

C. biradiata Br. A. S. Atl. CXC f. 1 an indeterminable, probably corroded, upper valve.

C. blandicula A. S. Atl. CXCII f. 17.

C. campechiana Grun. A. 8. Atl. CXCII f. 1.

C. cincta A. S. Atl. CXC f. 88 (Campylodiscus sp.?).

C. coarctata A. S. Atl. CXC f. 87.

C. comis A. 8. Atl CXCILI f. 2.

C. contermina A. 8. Atl. CXCVI f. 21.

C. discrepans A. 8. Atl. CXCIII f. 26 to 28.

C. dispar A.-S. Atl. CXCIIT f. 41.

C. egena A. 8. Atl. CXCIIT f. 24.

C. Febigert Br. A. 8S. Atl. CXCIII f. 58 (Diploneis microtatos Payr.).

1) No reference has been taken to the plates CKCVII—VIII of A. 8. Atl.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%. wn:o 3. 197

C. glacias A. 8S. Atl. CLXXXIX f. 22. Seems to be a Mastogloia, indeterminable for the

want of structure.

nodule.

C. Grovei A. S. Atl. CXCIV f. 3.
C. Grunovit A. 8. Lc. f. 20.

C. illustris A. 8. Atl. CXCII f. 32, resembles Mastogloia Horvathiana, but has no central

C. msueta A. S. Atl lc. f. 3.

C. japonica A. S. Atl. CXC f. 30 appears to be a var. of C. Scutellum.

C. moronensis A. 8. Atl. CXCIV f. 9.

C. notabilis A. 8. Atl 1c. f. 13 allied with C. pellucida var. nankoorensis.
C. nutans A. 8S. Atl. CXCVI f. 9.

C. Pensacole A. 8. Atl. CXCII f. 4.

C. precellens A. S. Atl. CXCVI f. 1. Doubtful whether the same as Pantocsek’s species.
C. Reicheltti A. 8. Atl. CXCII f. 37 probably C. Placentula.

C. rivalis A. S. Atl. CXCIV f. 4.

C. Schleinitziti Jan. A. 8. Atl. CXC f. 5, 6.

C. semipolita A. S. Atl. CXCII f. 18.

C. vetusta A. S. Atl. CXCVI f. 8.

Achnanthee . . . IL 168.
Achnanthes Bory Sr. Vine... II 195.
affinis GRUN. ...... II 190.
var. Iamalinensis Grun. II 190.
agglutinata Grun.. . . . IT 191, 194.
Americana CL... ‘ II 184.
angustata GREV. .. It 194.
baccata (Luup-F.) . . IT 195.
Baldjikii Bright. ...... II 187.
var. subquadrata Pant. II 187.
Bengalensis GRun. . . IL 196.
Biasolettiana (Ke.). . It 189.
forma minuta Grun..... IT 189.
var. sublinearis Grun... II 189.
binodis E. , II 192.
Bottnica Ch. 2. 1... II 186.
brevipes AG... 2 we ee, II 193.
var. angustata (GREV.) II 194.
var. Capensis Ch. .... . II 193.
var. Indica (BRUN). ... . II 194.
var. intermedia Ke. II 193.
var. Leudugeri (Temp. & B). II 193.
var. marginata Cu. II 1938.
var. parvula (Ke@.)..... II 193.
_ var. ? penneformis (Grev.). II 194.
var. seriata (Ac.) . . It 194.
var. subcrenulata Cu. . IT 193.
var. typica CL. II 193.
Calcar Cu. II 174.
Capensis Ke... . ... . IL 194.
Carmicheli Grey... ... IL 196.
Clevei GruN. ....... II 186.
var. Bottnica Cu. . II 186.
coarctata BREB. .... . It 192.
costata GREV. . . IL 196.
crenulata GRUN........ JI 195.
curvata Leu. F. . II 195.
Danica FLOGEL II 186.
var. major CL. TI 186.
delicatula Ke... II 190.
dispar CL. II 186.
exigua Grun. II 190.
exilis Ke. . II 189.
exilis W. Sm. oe II 188.
flexella Bréb. var. alpestris
BION. 2g es II 180.
gibberula Grun... . II 184.
var. angustior Grun.. II 184.
glabrata Grun. F II 189.
var. Auklandica GRon. . II 189.
Gregoriana GREV. . II 190.
Grénlandica Ch. . . II 195.
Hauckiana Grun. . a II 190.
Hauckii Grun. .. 1... II 190.
Haynaldii Scuaarscu. . II 192.
heteromorphakGrun..... . II 186.
heteropsis Gron. .. . IT 186.
hexagona Ci. & Brun . II 180.
Holstii Ch. ...... II 184,

Index.

Hudsonis Grun.. .
Hungarica Grun. .
var. Iamalinensis Grow.
hyperborea GRUN.
Indica Brun... .
inflata GRUN. .
inflata Ke.
var. Smithiana Grev.
inopinata Cu.
intermedia Ke.
Javanica GRUN. .
var. rhombica GRun.
Kerguelenensis CastR.. .
lanceolata (BREB.) GRUN.. .
var. dubia GRun.
var. elliptica Cu.
var. Haynaldii ScHaarscu
Leudugertt Temp. & Br.- .
Lilljeborgii GRun.. . 2...
linearis W. Sm... ‘
var. Jackii Rau... .
var. pusilla Grun. . ;
Léczyt Pant... 2 we,
longipes C. AG... ..
Lorenziana GRUN. ... .
mammalis (CasTR.). . .
var. reticulata Cu...
margaritarum CL. beeen
marginulata GRUN.......
mesogongyla Groun.
microcephala Ke.
minutissima Ke. .
var. cryptocephala Grun.. .
multiarticulata AG.
es Mont. .
parallela Castr..
parvula Ke.

pennaeformis GREV. .

pennata CL... .

Peragalli Br. & Hie. or Lae ath
salina Ke. 3,
seriata Ac.

var. ? cuneata Groy.
subsessilis Ke : F

var. enervis Petit. .

var. tumidula Grun.
teniata GRUN.. ...
trinodis ARN. . . ; a ONS a
Vaszaryi Pant. . . . .

var. Oregonica CL. .
ventricosa E.. . nar

Achnanthidium (Ke.) Hus...

arcticum Cu.

coarctatum Bree. . : ass An :

var. elineata Lest
delicatulum Ke... .
> Scuum.
flexellum Brus. .
Gronlandicum Cu.

Hungaricum Gruy.
Jackit Ru. ‘
lanceolatum BREB.
lineare W. Sm.
minutum CL. .
microcephalum Ke.

» W. SM.
naviculoides REINSCH.
neglectum ScHuM. .
trinode (AR.) : 3
subhungaricum Gurw.....

Actinoneis Ct. .
Alloioneis Scnum.

(Navic.?) Antillarum Cu.
Castracanet Pant... .
cocconeiformis Grun. M. 8.
curvinervia GRUN. . 3
Debyi Luup.-F.

Griindleri Cu. & Grun.
Stauntonit GRuN.. . 1...

Amphicampa Rass.

aequatorialis Cu.

Amphipleura Ke.. .

Danica Ke. . .
Debyi Lrvup.-F.
Frauenfeldii Groun. .
Hungarica Pant. .
infleca Bris...
Lindheimeri Groun.
var. Truani V. Hex.
maxima H. L. Sm.
micans Lynep.. ......
var. fragilis (GREV.) GRUN. .
pellucida Ke... . 1... .
var. Brasiliensis Cu.
var. intermedia GRUN. . . .
var. Lindheimeri Grun.
var. maxima H. L. Sm.
var. Oregonica GRUN.
var. recta Kirron .
var. Schumanni Grun. .
var. Truani V. Hex. .
rutilans (TRENTEPOHL) . .

var. antarctica (HaRv.) GRrun.

Schumanni Grun.
Weissflogii Grun.

Amphiprora E.

alata Ke.
var. intermedia Cu.
var. Japonica Ch. . .
var. pulchra (BAIL.) .
? antarctica GRUN.
arenaria BREB.
Balearica Grun. .
Biharensis Pant. . .
Brebissonia GrEv.
coarctata Brun. . foe
compleca GREG... ..
conserta Lewis... .

ean
Le Ae ce a on oe ee Oe Be Be ee

ont

bo Oe a cn Oe Oe Oo Be ee

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLNGAR.
conspicua GREV..... . I 16. (elegans var.?) PosewitziiPanr. I
constricta Eur... . 1145. = pulehra Batt. . . I
crenulata TEmp. I 16. punctata Panr. . I
decussata Grun.. ..... I 18. ‘pusilla Gree... . I
delicatula Gruv. I 2. ag aed GRUN. . I
didyma W. SM. I 2b. alfsii Arn. I
dilatata Pant. I 15. recta Gree... . soy I
duplex Donx. : I 15. semistriata GRun.. . I
Dusenii Ch... 2... « 15, septentrionalis Grun. (decus-
elegans W. Sm. ...... I 27. sata var.) . I
var. Adriatica Grun. . . . I 27. striata Pant. I
var. gracilis Grun. I 25. sulcata O'ME.. . . I
var. ? Posewitzii Pant. I 27. ? superba GREV.. I
eximia GREV.. . gid’ ioe I 2b. Temperei Cr. é I
Jimbriata Caste. I 16. Thwaitesiana Grev.. I
fragilis Temp & Br. . I 24. vitrea W. Sm. I
gigantea Grun. I 18. Wendtit Wirr. 1
var. aequatorialis Ct. I 18. Amphora E. ; . Il
var. decussata (GRUN.) . . I 18. Amblyamphora II
var. Kerguelensis Grun.. . I 18. Amphora Cu. II
var. septentrionalis (Grun.). I 18. Archiamphora. II
var. sulcata (O’Mz.) . I 18. Calamphora Cu. . II
var. Tahitensis (GRUN.). I 18. Cymbamphora . I
hyalina Evt. . ... 2... I 6. Diplamphora Cu... II
hyper borea aoe minuta Doubtful or imperfectly
GRoun. . . Anas I 14. known Amphorae II
Indica Grun. : I 265. Halamphora Ct. II
Jolisiana Grev.. .. .. I ¥0. Oxyamphora....... II
Kariana Grun. I 16. Psammamphora Ct. I
Kjellmanii Cu... I 16. abbreviata Burisco . . . . ~~ II
var. glacialis Ch. . ... . I 16. acuta GREG... 1 2... II
var. Kariana (GRun.) . I 16. var. arcuata (A. 8.) . . . II
var. striolata (GRUN.) I 1%. var. labyrinthica Grun. _ iO
var. subtilis (GRUN.) . I 17. var. neogena Pant. . TI 128,
kryophila Ch... . . : I 17. acutiuscula Ke... . . . J
Kiitzingiana Grev. : I 15. var.? constricta Gron.. . I
lata GREV. . . if Bvy I 17. var. fossilis Pant. 0
latestriata Bris. I 72. var.? subconstricta Grun.. . 11
Lepidoptera Grea. 1 25, 71. Aestuarii- Ch. . han II
var. Samoensis Grun.. . . I 23. affinis Ke... . . By Il
lineata Grey. . poe ie LA 20 alata PERAG. . I
longa Cu... . . , 1 25: var. aptera Ct. . iT
margine-punctata Ct... : I 17. var major Ch... ..... II
maxima GREG. (RABH. & JAN, ) 126, 11131. alveolata Leup.-F.. II
var.? dubia Cu. & Grun . I 26. amphioxys Bat. II
mediterranea GRun. T 25, 28. andesitica Pant. II
membranacea Ch. . .. IT 24. angularis GREG. II
Meneghiniana Grev. I 17. > Vv... I
navicularis E.. . I 139. angulosa var. lyrata (Grue.). II
Nereis Lewis . I 15, angusta (GREG.) Ch. . . II
nitida GReEv. T 20. var. arctica GRUN.. . . II
oblonga Grev.. I 26. var. diducta (A: 8.) . . II
obtusa GREG. I 71. var. Eulensteinii (GRUN.) . II
ornata Bam... . ... I 16. var. glaberrima GRUN. . II
paludosa W. Sm.. . »2@ F 14, var. glacilenta Gron. I
var. Africana GRUN.. . . I 14 var. incurvata (Brun.) I
var. Bahusiensis Cu... . I 14. var. minuta GRUN. I
var. borealis GRrun. I ib. var. oblongella Grun. II
var. dilatata (Pant.) ° I 15. var. typica Ct. ? I
var. duplex (Donk.) .. . I 15. var. ventricosa GREG. II
var. hyalina (EUL.). I 165. var. zebrina A. 8.. I
var. hyperborea Grun.... I 14. antiqua CL. & GROVE I
forma minuta Gron. . I 14. aponina Ke. II
var. maxima (GreG.). ... I 16. arcta A. 8. Il
var. Nereis (LEWIS) . . I fh. arcuata Pant. 8. .... II
var. Pokornyana GRUN.. . I 15. > Beye are wkese Gs Il
var. punctulata Grun.... I 15. Arcus GREG.. I
var. subsalina Cu. . I 14. forma typica . . . I
? paradoxa GREV. I 29. var. sulcata (GREG.) . II
elagica BRUN. I 18. arenaria Donk. Il
ethoi Pant. I 22. > > var. II
plicata GREG. IT 20. forma typica .
var. Japonica CastR. I 165. var. Donkinii Rex. II
var.? subplicata Grun. I 28. var. Rattrayi Cu. I
Pokornyana Grun. IT 15. arenicola GRruN. . . II

BAND 27.

w:io 3. 199

var. major Cu. IT 104.
var. oculata Ch... II 104.
var. subaequalis Cu. II 104.
areolata GRUN.. . . II 114.
var. curta CL. . . IT 115.
var. maxima Cn. & Grove. II 115.
var. minor Cu. II 115.
Argus Pant. TI 141.
aspera Petit. . II 128.
bacillaris Gree. . IL 127.
var. Scotica Grun. . II 127.
Beccarii DE Novaris Il 141.
Behringensis Cu.. II 102.
Berggrenii Ct.. II 134.
biconvexa Jan. II 137.
biggibosa Cu. II 133.
bigibba Grun.. . . II 120
var. interrupta Grun. II 120.
binodis Grze. . . IL 124.
bioculata Cu. II 114.
biseriata Gree. . . II 109.
bistriata Lrup.-F. . “TI 110.
bituminosa Pawv. TI 136.
borealis Ke... . II 121.
> ScHum.. . II 105.
Boryana Panv. . . IL 105.
Budayana Pant. : II 141.
bullata Ch. . 2... . II 119.
bullosa Fior. Mazz... . II 141.
var. lineolata E. . It 121.
Bulnheimii Ren... . II 126.
Camelus Cu. & GROVE . II 137.
Capensis A. S.. . II 115.
Chinensis A. 8. IL 126.
cingulata Cu. . IT 138.
> Pant. . II 141.
clara A. 8. II 122.
Clevei Grun. II 140.
coarctata Lxun.-F. JI 141.
coffeiformis AG. . II 120.
var. angularis . If 121.
var. borealis Ke. II 121.
var. fossilis Pant... If 119, 121.
var. Hungarica CL.. . IT 121.
var.? perpusilla GRoun. . II 120.
var. protracta Pant. . II 121.
var. salinarum GRun. II 121.
coffeiformis H. L. Sm. II 119.
commutata GRun. . It 119.
var. fossilis PANT... . II 120.
Comorensis Cu. . II 111.
complanata Grun. . I 158.
complexa GREG. . IT 113.
contracta GRovE & Sr. II 114.
> GRUN. . . . . IL 115.
corpulenta Cu. & GROVE II 123.
costata W. Sm ..... II 122.
crassa GREG. II 109.
> var. : II 100, 110.
var. Campechiana Grun. . II 109.
var. degenerata CL. II 109.
var. elongata Cu. . IT 109.
var. euprepes Pant. .... II 109.
var. interlineata(GRoveE& St.) II 109.
var. minor Pant. .. ID 110.
var. modesta Cu. TI 109.
var. punctata GRUN. IL 109.
var. Seychellensis Ci. TI 110.
var. Sélswigiensis (PETIT) II 109.
var. spuria Ch. ...... II 110.
cristata Prtir. II 141.
cuneata Ch... .. II 116.
curvata PANT... .. II 120.
cyclops Lrup.-F.. . . It 1381.
cymbelloides Grun. II 136.

200

var. latior. Gruy. . .
tar. Mauritiana Grun.

cymbifera GREG. .
> GREG. var.

var. gigantea GRUN.. .
cymbiformis Ch... . .
Czekehazensis Pant. . .

Debyi Levup.-F.
decipiens Ct.

decora CaSTR.. ....

decussata Grun.

var. Briocensis Leup. F.
delphinea Barn... .

P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE

II
II
II
II
II

cae II

II
_
II
II
TI
II

eae | |

135.
136.
122.
122.
12%.
136,
124.
113.
108.
116.
123.
129.
134.

var. Jamalinensis CL & Grun. II 134.
var. minor . II 134.
diaphana Cu. . It 112.
diducta A. SS... II 135.
Digitus A. 8.. II 95.
Donkinii Rau. II 133.
dorsalis CL. & GROVE . It 187.
dubia (GrEG.) A. S. . It 102.
egregia (E.) A. S. II 110.
var. Neogradensis Pant.. . II 110.
elegans GREG. oe TT 129.
elegans PERAG. II 139.
Erebi E. ; II 122.
Ergadensis Gree. II 122.
Eulensteinii Grun. IT 135.
var. fossilis Pant. II 135.
Eunotia Ct. . II 122.
var. gigantea Grun. II 122.
eunotiaeformis Grun. II 141.
excisa GREG. II 130.
exigua Gree. . i 123, 185.
exornata JAN.. II 110.
exsecta GRUN.. . II 116.
fallax Temp. & Br. IT 181.
Farcimen Grun. II 106.
fasciata E. JI 118.
> GREG... . II 113.
fimbriata Cu. & GRoveE. II 139.
flexuosa GREV. eerdekds II 120.
jiuminensis Grun.. . . . IT 128.
formosa CL.. ..... II 138.
var. minuta Cu. . IL 138.
fossilis Panr. . II 120.
Jurcata Levp. -F. II 132.
fusca A. 8S... 0, II 106.
gemmifera Prvir. . . II 114.
gibba A. 8. II 140.
gigantea Gro. ‘ . TI 105.
var. andesitica Pan. II 106.
var. fusca (A. S.) . II 106.
var. obscura Cr.. TI 106.
forma minor II 106.
globosa Suum.. II 1085.
globulosa Suum. . II 105.
gracilis BE... 2... II 104.
Graeffii (Grun.) CL. . . I 118.
var. staurophora Cu... . . IT 113,
Graeffii Grun. var. . TT 113.
granulata GREG... .. II 123.
granulifera CL. II 116.
Grevilleana GREG... . II 1138.
var. Campechiana Gun. It 113.
var. contracta Cu. If 113.
var. prominens Grun.. . . II 113.
var.? sepulta Pant. It 113.
Grénlandica Ch... . IT 128.
Grovei Cu. : II 188.
Griindleri Grown... . IT 112.
var. approximata Ch. II 112.
var. robusta CL... . II 112.
var. trachytica Panr. TT 112.
Grunowii A. 8. II 123.

NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

hemisphaerica GRun. Il
hevesensis Pant.. ree |
hians FLOGEL . II 130,
Hohenackert Rew... .. . . II
humicola Grun. . - II

var. calderiorum GRUN. . Il

var. Javanica GRUN. . Il
hybrida Grun. : . I
hyalina Ke... . . 3. . It 126,

var. parvula GRUN. . It
hyperborea Grun. , 1153 I
2 incerta A. S. . 6 hoe
incurva GREG.. II
inelegans Cl. & Grove . II

var.? polita Cu. II
inflata GRrun. II
inflexa Bris. . . II
inornata CL. s II
? insecta GRUN.. . . I
interlineata Grove & Sr. ef
intermedia Lewis. ..... I
(ostrearia?) interrupta Pant. II
intersecta A.S........ II

var. Sarmatica Pant. II

var.? striata Pant... ... Il
invidenda Pant. II
Janischii A. S. ....... II
Javanica A. 8. II
Jeschkei Jan. . II
juvenalis Pant... . II
Kamorthensis Gruy.. . II

var. minor Il
Kossuthii Pant. . II
Labuensis CL. . . II

var. fusiformis Leup.-F. . IL
labyrinthica Grun. wy LE
laevis GREG. : II

var. laevissima Gree. II

var. minuta CL. . II

var. perminuta GRuN. I
laevissima GREG. . . II

var. perminuta GRUN.. . I
Lagerheimii Cu. II
lanceolata Cu... . . I

var. incurvata Brun «

var. minor Ch. . . II
Leightsmithiana O’Mr . II
Leudugeriana PEetir » LE
libyca E.. IT

> Ee om os Sm. II

var. interrupta Pant. II
‘Lima Pant. : II

? Sic 4 he Il
limbata Cit. & GROVE . IT
limpida Jan. II
lineata Gree. . It 120,
lineolata Donk. io EE
lineolata E. .. ..... II

var. Chinensis (A. 8 . Il

var. undata (H. L. 3h ea SE
litoralis Donk. Il
Léczyi Pant... 1.2... II
Lunula Cu. II
Lunyacsekii Pant. Il
lutea Leup.-F, . Il
lyrata Grue. a2 Rohan Deilh
macilenta GREG... . II 121,

var. Ergadensis Grea... . II

var. typica CL. II
meandrina Cu. Ir
Magellanica Petit. . II
magnifica GREV.. . II
margaritifera Cu. . Il
marina W. Sm. IT 103,

var. arenicola GRuN. .

127.
119.
134.
118.

megapora PANT... . .
membranacea W. SM. .

Mexicana A. 8...
var. fusca Cn.
micans A. 8.
Milesiana Gree.
minuta Pant. .

minutissima W. Sm... .
monilifera GREG... .

mucronata H. L. SM.
munda A. 8.

Milleri A.S.. 2...

nana GREG.. .

Naumanni JAN. ....

naviculacea Donk.

naviformis Leup.-F.. . .

Neupauert Pant.

nobilis FLOGEL ... .

> GREG. .
nodosa Brun. . .

Normani Rpw..... .
Nova Caledonica Grun. . .
obesa Ct. & GROVE . .

oblonga GREG. .
oblongella Grun.
obtecta Bat

obtusa GREG. .....

forma typica Cu.
forma minuta Cu.

var. Lunyacsekii (Pant) .
var. oceanica (CasTR.)

var. Radula Cu.

var. transfuga CL.
obtusiuscula Grun.
oceanica CastR.. .
ocellata Donk. -

var. cingulata CL.

var.? interrupta Pant. .
var. Jamalinensis Cu.

GRUN.

var.? Oamaruensis Ch. . ap

var. typica CL.
Oculus A. 8.

var. Farcimen GRUN.. .

var. fossilis Pant.

-ornata Leup -F.

ostrearia Bris. . .
var. Belgica Grun.
var. lineata Cn. .
var. minor GRUN. .
var. typica Cn.
var. vitrea Cu.

ovalis Ka.
forma typica .
var. affinis Ke.

var. y affinis f. minor

var. gracilis E.
var. libyca E. .
var. Pediculus Ke..

ovalis var. ° Pediculus Ke.

forma exilis Grun.

forma minor Grun. .

Ovum Ch... 2...
parallela FLOGEL
Pecten Brun. . .

var. Argus Cr.
Pediculus Gro

major GRUN.
pellucida A. 8.

> GReo..

Peragalli Cu.
permagna Pant.
perpusilla Grun.
(globulosa var.)

GRUN. oo...

&

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Petitii Temp. & Brun...

Petiti Levp.-F.......
Pleurosigma Temp. & Brun.

plicata Grae. .
polyzonata Casrr. .
Porcellus Kirton... .
praevalida Jan..

prisca Ct. & GRovE. .

prismatica CL... 2...

proboscidea (GREG.) Ch. .
Proteus GREG. . ths
Proteus var.
var alata Cu.
var. contigua Cr. :
var. hexagonalis Wirt.
var. Kariana Gruy..
var. parvula FLOGEL
var. speciosa CAsTR. .
protracta Pant... .
pulchra Grev. ..
pusilla (GrEG.) Ch... .
Pusio Ch... 2...
quadrata Gree...
quadrata Bris... .
quadricostata Rau. . .
Rattrayi Cu...

rectangularis GREG... . .

rectilineata Cu. & Grove.
Reichardtiana Gruy.. .
rhombica Kirron

var. gracilior Cu. .

var. intermedia Cu.
rimosa E.
robusta A. S.....
robusta GREG... . ;

var. fusca CL... . .

var. minor. DANNF. ... .

var subplicata CL... .
salina W. Sm... ....

salina var. fossilis Pawr. .

salina B minor
sarniensis GREV.

var.? flexuosa (GREV.) ...

var.? sinuata (GREV.)

scabriuscula CL. & GROVE . .

Scala Ct. & GRovE ...

var. alata CL. .
scalaris CastTR.
Schleinitzii Jan.
Schmidtiit Perrr
Schmidtii Grun .

forma major. ...

forma minor.

var. alata CL. . bp dt

var. Schleinitzii Jan.
sejuncta Pant.
Sendaiana Brun .
sinuata GREV.

spectabilis GREG.
Staubit Pant... ...

staurophora (CastR.) Ch... .
staurophora DANNF.. .. .

> Pant.
stauroptera Batt. .

striata Pant... .... :

strigata Pant.
striolata Panr.
Studerit Jan.
Sturtii Gron. .
subinflata GRUN.

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlingar.

II 129.
II 138.
II 1883.
IT 126.
. IL 180.
II 129.
II 110.
TI 139.
II 112.
It 113.
. . IT 103.
II 105.

II 103.
. It 108.
IT 103.
II 103.
II 103.
II 103.
II. 121.

subpunctata Gr. & Sr... . .

sulcata (Bris.) CL.

sulcata A. 8.
>» Dann.
» GREG......
>» Roper.

sumatrensis Lxup.-F.

svavis Pant. .....

Szaboi Pant. .
Szontaghii Pane. . .
Taylort Gron.
tenera W. Sm.
tenuis FLOGEL
Terroris E.. .....

var. limbata Cu.. .
tertiaria Pant. :
tesselata GRovE & St. .
tetragibba Cu... . .
Thaitiana CastrR.. .
transylvanica Pant..
Treubii Leunp.-F.
truncata A. 8. :
truncata GREG. ....
tumidula Grun.. . .
turgida GREG... . .
undata H. L. SM. .

> Levp.-F. .

undulata GREV.. .
valida PrRaG... .
veneta Ke. ....
ventricosa GREG.
verrucosa PANT...
vetusta CL... .....
vitrea Cu. 4
vittata Pant... 1... .
Wachenhusenii Jan.. .
Weinekii Jan... ..
Weissflogii A. S.
Wiesneri Pant. .
Wittstenii Jan.

zebrata Temp. & Brun

zebrina A. 8.

Amphoropsis Gaon.

decipiens Grun.. .. .
recta GRUN.. ....

Anomoeoneis Pritz....

? bipunctata Grun.

? brachysira (BriB.) GRuN.. .

? exilis (Ke.) (Grun.)

var. gomphonemacea Gron.. II
var. thermalis (GRUN.). . .

Follis (E.) . 2... 2...
Macraeana (Panv.). .
menilitica (Pant.) . .
polygramma (E.). . .
sculpta (E.). . . .

var. major CL.

? serians (BREB.)
sphaerophora (Ke.)
var. biceps (E.)

? Zellensis (GRuN.). . .

Anorthoneis Grun.. . .._

eurystoma Cu.
excentrica Donx.

Auricula Castr.

Amphitritis Casrr. :
? coarctata (BRUN). .. .
complexa (GREG.)
decipiens GRUN.. . ‘
Grunowii Pant......
insecta GRUN.. .....
intermedia (LEwIs). . .-
Japonica Brun..... .-
Javanica Cu.

minuta CL... .

Bd 27. N:o 3.

BAND 2%,

It 114.
II 112.
IL 127.
II 126.
Ir 118.
. IT 109.
IT 113.
II 105.
TT 119.

. IL 105.
. II 120.
IT 126.

. IE 126.
. II 122.
- IL 123.
II 142.

Ir 111.

II 120.

. It 109.

. II 142.
Ir 129.

. I 113.
II 112.

IT 118.

- IT 123.
II 126.

II 128.

II 187.

II 102.

. . IE 118.
. . IT 135.
. IL 105.
IT 115.
IL 129.

wo 3.

Ostrea Temp. & Br.
pulchra Grev.
Bacillaria GmeEu.

Cistula Hempr. & E.

fulva Nrivescu

viridis Nirzsch. . .. .
Bangia Lynas.

micans Lynes.

Berkeleya Grev.
Adriatica Grun. (AG.). .
antarctica (Harv.) GRun.
Dillwynii (Ac.) Grun..
Fennica Danyr..

Sragilis GRrev.

Susidium Gron. .
Harveyana Gru. .
Hungarica Pant... . .
micans (LYNGB.) GRuN.
Neogradensis Pant. .
obtusa GREv.

var. Adriatica (. AG.) Grun.

parasitica (GRIFF.) GRUN.

pumila (AG.) Grun.
Brachysira Ke.

aponina Ke. :
Brebissonia Grun. .

Boeckii (EuR.) .

var. minor CL. .

? Weissflogii Gron. .
Caloneis Ct. ae:

abnormis (GRuN.)

Adenensis Cu. .

aemula (A. 8.).

var. major Cu. & Grove .

alpestris (GRuN.).

amica (CL. & Grun.) . e

amphisbaena (Bory) .
var. Fenzlii Gron.
var. fuscata ScHum.
var. liburnica Grun.

var. subsalina DonK.. . .

forma major... . .

var. Vukotinovicii Panr.. .

Anderssonii Cu.

bacillaris (GREG.)
Beccariana (GRUN.). . .
biclavata CL. & GROVE. .

biconstricta (GRovE & Sr.). .

biseriata (Petit). .
bivittata (PanT.). . . .
blanda (A. S.). . .
? Bodosensis (PANT.) . .
var. Heribaudii Perr. .
Bottnica Ch... . .
brevis (GREG.). . .
var. distoma GRuN.
forma angustior
forma bicuneata. . .
forma latior .
var. vexans GRUN.
Campbelli (PEtiT) .
Castracanei (GRUN.)
var. Caledonica Cu.
var. genuina CL.. F
var. Petitiana GRUN..
var.

clavigera Cu.
Clevei (Lerst.)
Columbiensis Ct.
consimilis (A. 8.)

Philippinarum Cu.. .
var. Seychellensis Grun. M.S.

curvinervia (Grun. )(Alloioneis)

? dispersa Grove & Sr.
Dusenii Ct.

26

RRR RHR RRR RHR HR RR RHR HR RRR HH RR RRR RRR

202 Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

? egena (A. S.) . I 66. var. curta (GRUN.). .... I 52. Californica var. Hungarica
elongatula Panne IT 53. var. genuina Cur... .. . I O51. PANG 4 4. 8 (5 da gt ceed II 171.
Eugeniae Ct. I 56. var. gibberula (Ka.) I 51. var. menilitica Pant. . II 171.
eximia Gruy. M. 8. I 56. var, inflata (GRUN.) se Te -81, cincta ALS. 2... we II 196.
fasciata (Lerst.). I 50. var. Jenisseyensis (Grun.) . I 652. circumcincta A. 8. II 178.
formicina (GRUN.) | I 66. var. Kjellmaniana Ct. I 52. clavigera O'Mz. : II 185.
formosa (GREG.).. .. I 57. var. minuta (GRuUN.) . I 52. coarctata A. SS... 1. ewe II 196.
var. Holmiensis Cu. I 58. var.? subventricosa (Grun.) . T 52. coelata ARN. ».. 1.5. I 99.
var. interrupta CL. I 58. var. truncatula (GRUN.) I 52. comis A. 8S... 6... eee II 196.
var. quadrilineata Grun.. . I 58. var. undulata (GRun.) I 51. composita A. 8. . II 179
Frater Cr. ; I 60. var. ventricosa ((E.] Donx.) I 52. consociata Ke. II 170
Galapagensis Cu. ; I 57, Spathula (Brun). . I 60. conspicua A. 8... It 179
var. contracta GRUN. I 57. — staurophora (GRuy.) (Pleuro- contermina A. S. . II 196
var, Japonica CL, . I 57. sigma)... ... I 56. coronata Bricut II 181
? Hardmaniana Cu. I 67. var. Adriatica Trump. & Br.. I 56. costata GREG. ww wee II 182
Holstii Cu. : I 62. supergradata (B L 62 costata GREG. var. .. II 181
Kanitzii (PANT.). . I 53, ahiten : G RUN.) . « I 52. var. hexagona Grun.. .. II 182
Kinkeriana (TrRuaN) . . I 65. 9 i oa P BON 3 1 64. var. Kerguelensis (Petir). . II 182
? kryophila Cu. I 64. Venus vn ANT.) . L 56. var. pacifica (GRuN.). . . . IL 182
Ladogensis Cu. I 62. Werdii 0 mute tetas: I 57. var. typica CL. . IT 182
Lagerheimii Cu. . . I 61. ibe ‘cae pdt be "7 63, crebrestriata GREV. . II 171
latefasciata (GRUN.) I 57. Zanardiniana. (Gru : y ee I 63. cruciata Pant. IL 172
latevittata (PANT.) . IT 67. as , UN: : Oni Be ae ee oe 8 II 177

latiuscula (Ke.) . . . . I 61, Campyloneis Grun. II 166 (pellucida var.?) curvirotunda
var. Africana Cu. I 62. Argus. GRUN. . . . II 167 Tremp. & Br. won a LE L9
lepidula (GruN.). . . . TI 50, Grevillei (W. Sm)... It 167. cyclophora Gruy. .... . . II 179
Liber (W. Sm.) 2... 0. I 54. var. Argus GRUN. . .. It 167 var. Challengeri Cu. . II 179
var. bicuneata (GRUN.) . I 55. var. microsticta GRUN. . . It 167 Danica FuécEL . . . . II 186
forma lanceolata I 55. var. obliqua GRun. It 167 decipiens Cu. . II 175
var. Bleischiana (Jan.&Rgu.) I 55. var. regalis Gruv. . II 167. delicata A. 8.. . II 175
var. elongata (GRUN.) I 5b. var. typica Ct. : II 167 denticulata Lrup.-F. II 181
var. excentrica GRUN. I 55, notabilis Brun... .. . IE 168 De Toniana Pant. It 177.
var. genuina Cx. ‘ I 54, Ceratoneis E. diaphana W. Sm. . 1 174. 175.
forma tenuistriata Cu.. I 54. Fasciola E..... . J 116. dirupta GREG. . ‘ II 175.
forma convexa CL. I 54. laminaris E. ; II 153. var. antarctica GRUN. II 175.
var. Janischiana (RBH.) .. I 55. Qistula Ct.. I 124. var.? Beltmeyeri Jan. II 175.
var. Holubyi (Pant.). . . I a Lorenziana (Grow.) I 124. var. Eran Ch. . a ie
var. linearis GRUN. I 54, var decipiens Cu. . IT 175,
var. relegata Cu. bag I 54. CURE ue PUES Cah I 152 var. dubia Grun. . .. II 1%5.
var. umbilicata GRUN. . I 55. baer Jan we es I 152. var. flexella (Jan.). . . II 175.
lobata (ScHWaRTZ). . . I 51. a Gaunt T 152. var. Fulgur (Brun) II 176,
Madagascarensis Ch... . I 59. ; OF et eee ‘ var. major GRUN.. . It 175.
Musca (GREG.). . =... I 65, Climacosphenia E. . var. Sigma (Pant.) . I 176.
var. eurynota CL. . . I 65, linearis Jan. & RBu. I 152. var. sparsipunctata aut) . It 1%.
var. intermedia Cu. I 65. Cocconeis (E.) Cu... IL 168. var. typica Cu. II 175.
var.? margino-punctata Actioneis Ch. . . 1. . JI 185 discrepans A. 8. II 196.
Grove & Sturt. .... I 65. Disconeis Cu]. . II 180 Disculus (ScHum.) . II 172.
var. mirabilis (Leup.-F.) . I 65. Eucocconeis Ch. . . . II 173 dispar A. 8. II 196.
nubicola (GRuN.). . . . I 58. Heteroneis Ch... . . .. II 182 distans GREG. . . IE 169. 172.
obtusa (W. Sm)... 2. J 54. Microneis Ou. . - II 187 ome bela PER... . TI 172.
ophiocephala Ch. & GROVE . I 66. Pleuroneis Ch... . . II 181 duplex A 3 «a «-5 DE 178:
Patagonica Cu. . 1... . . I 52 adjuncta ALS... It 170 egena A. 3 ee II 196.
permagna CL... ...... I 59. aemula A. 8. II 196 euglypta BE... 2 1... II 170.
Powellii (Lewis)... . . I 63. aggregata Ke.. II 170 excentrica DONK. . II 166.
var. Atlantica Ch... 1... I 63. ambigua Grun... . II 171 eximia ALS... II 181.
var. Bartholomei Cu... . . I 63. ie californica . II 171 exoptata A. 8. II 182.
var. Egyptiaca GREv. I 63. mygdalina GRun. II 174 extravagans JAN. II 182.
var. Galapagensis CL. . I 63. ndesitica Pant. 172. fasciata E. IL 175.
var. Vidovichii Grun. . I 63. pala Temp. & Br. It 177 Febigeri Brun. II 196.
probabilis (A.S.) 2... . I 56. var. fossilis Ch. . . II 177 jimbriata Bricur . . . . I 148.
quadriseriata (Cu. & Grun.) I 64. arctta AS... 1... II 196. Finmarchica Gron. II 174.
robusta (GRUN.)...... I 565. arctica CL. i on 175, 176. Finnica FE. ..... x @ 1 95:
var. perlonga Panr..... IT 656, armata GREV......... II 150. Jflexella Jan. & Rew. ... . ID 175.
var. subelliptica Ch... . I 56. Australis Petir . .. 3 .. . IL 178. flexella Ka... 2... It 179.
Samoensis (GRUN.). . . . I 60. Baldjikiana Grun. ... . IL 171. formosa Brun. ....... II 181.
var. bimaculata (Pant.) . I 60. Barbadensis Grey. ... . WI 149. fraterna A.S. 2... 2... II 182.
Schumanniana (Grun.).... I 53, biflexa A.B... . .. . It 196. Fulgur Brun. . Il 176.
var. trinodis Lewis . 7 I 53. Biharensis PaAnT. ...... II 184. gibbocalyx BRuN II 172.
? scintillans (Temp. & Br.). . I 66. var. minor Pant. ..... II 184. = glacialis A. S. II 196.
sectilis (A. 8S.) ..... I 60. binotata GruN. ... . . 10148. glacialis Cu. .. 2... . It 41.
var. Boryana (Panr.) I 60. biradiata Brun.. . ... 11196. Grantiana Grav... ... . It 171.
?sejuncta A.S... . I 62. blandicula A.S. ...... 11 196. granulata Gree. It 172.
Silicula (Exr.) I 51. Boryana Pant... . : II 171. granulifera Grev. II 168.
var. alpina CL. ...... I 51. Britannica N@GELI . It 181. grata A.S... . I 172.
var. capitata (Lerst.) .. . I 52. Campechiana Grun. . It 196. Grevillei W. Su. Tt 167.

KONGL. SV. VET.
Grovi A.S... 2... II 197.
Grunowii A. S.. . Ir 197.
» Pant... .. I 171.
Haradae Pant... . . II 171.
Harioti Petir ww ws ig II 178.
heteroidea Hrzscu . II 178.
var. conspicua (A. S.) . . II 179.
var. curvirotunda (TEMP. & Br.) II 179.
var. sigmoidea (GRuN.) . IL 179.
illustris A. 8. : II 197.
Imperatria A. 8... II 182.
inflera A.S...... II 176.
insueta A. 8. II 197.
intermedia Per. & Har. IL 169.
interrupta GRUN. II 177.
Janischii A. S. IL 182.
Japomica*A. 8. . II 197.
> Pant. II 177.
Jimboi Pant... . II 177.
Kerguelensis Pent... . IL 182.
Kinkeri A. S.. II 166.
> Pant. II 178.
Kirchenpaueriana Jan & Rau. IL 178.
Lagerheimii Cu. II 185.
lamprosticta GREG. IL 172.
Letourneurii Cu. . . I 176.
limbata EZ... ... II 175.
lineata E. " II 169. 178.
var. minor Pant. IL 169.
var. pygmea Pant. II 169.
Lorenziana A. 8... It 171.
> PER. II 181.
lunata Leup.-F. . II 178.
Lunyacsekii Pant. II 178.
Lyra A. 8. II 180.
major GREG. : It 178.
minuta CL. . Pa 173, 179.
var. alpestris Brun. . . II 180.
molesta (Ka.) GRuN...... TI 174
var.amygdalina(BREs.)Grun. II 174
var. crucifera GRUN. . . Il 174
Moronensis A. 8... II 197.
Morrisii W. Su. . ae II 171.
naviculoides GREV. . . . It 149.
Neogradensis Pant. Ir 40.
Ningpoensis Perit . Ir 181.
Norvegica Grun. : II 180.
notabilis A. S. . II 197.
> Pant. . ‘ . It 178.
notata PETIT ... II 176.
nutans A. 8. . . . IT 197.
oceanica BE... .. II 175, 178.
Oculus Catis Brun. ; II 176.
ornata GREG. ... . . I 171.
pacifica GRuN. . : . II 182.
paniformis BRUN.. . . II 170.
‘parthenopoea PEDIC. . Ir 179.
Pediculus E. . . II 169.
var. salinarum Pant. ; II 169.
pellucida Hrzscn . . . JL 178.
var. fossilis Pant. . IT 178.
var. minor GRUN. . II 178.
var. Nankoorensis Gron. it 178, 197.
var. sigmoioda GRUN. I 179.
Pelta A. 8S... ‘ 3 II 184.
Pensacole A. 8. . oe ge TE 9
perpusilla Payr. II 191, 194.
Pethéi Pant... . 24 FLAT,
pinnata Grea... .. .. . I 181.
Placentula E. ...- . I 133, IT 169.
var. baltica DANNF. . . . . II 169.
var. euglypta E.. ..... II 170.

var. intermedia (Per. & Hin.) II 169.
sore ape Ene eae II fe
II i

var lineata (E.) .

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

var. Rouxii (Hér. & Brun). II 169.
var. trilineata (PER. & Hér.) II 169.
Portii OMz. . ‘ II 171.
precellens A. §. Ir 197.
precellens Panr. . I 176.
prestans A. 8. II 182.
probata A. 8. . II 177.
producta A. 8... II 169.
SOUR ‘ginata A. ‘s. Tl 177.
» JAN.. II 181.
eoctiniaeptaats GREG. . II 178.
var. intermedia Gron. II 178.
punctata E.. F II 169.
punctatissima GREv. II 148.
pygmea ScHum. II 184.
Quarnerensis GRun. II 184.
radiata GREG... . II 167.
Raéana Pant. II 171.
recurva A. 8. II 178.
regalis GRrEv. II 167.
> Per. . II 169.
Regina Jouns . II 182.
Rescheltii A. 8. . It 197.
reticulata CL. II 180.
rivalis A. 8. II 197.
robusta Lxup.-F. : II 187.
Rouxii Hr. & Brun Ir 169.
Schleinitzii Tan. II 197.
scutelliformis GRuN. 1I 181.
Scutellum E. eo II 170.
var. ampliata GRuN. . II 170.
var. Baldjikiana GRUN. . II 171.
var. Californica GRun. It 171.
var. dilatata A. S. II 170.
var. Doljensis Pant. II 171.
var.? dubia GRUN. II 171.
var. fossilis Pant... II 171.
var. gemmata A. S. . It 170.
var. genuina Cu... . . IL 170
var. maxima (GRuN.) . Il 171
var. minor II 170
var. minutissima GRUN. II 170
var. ornata GRUN. II 170
var. parva GRUN. II 170.
var. Raéana (Pant.) . II 171.
var. stauroneiformis (Ww. Su.) Ir 170.

y Roper...... II 148.
semipolita A.S. ..... II 197.
septentrionalis GRuN. Il 174
Sigma Pant. .... . II 176.
sigmoidea ScHUM. . II 169
sigmo-radians Temp. & Br. II 176
sparsi-punctata Bron... IL 176
spec.? A.B... 1. 2 ee II 180.
spec. Brun. & TEMP.. II 177.
splendida GREG. . II 148.
surirelloides Gun. II 173.
tenella A.S. 1... 0. II 178.
tenera ScHum. . Tr 169.
Thwaitesii W. Sm. : II 179.
var. 8 arctica Lerst. . II 179.
Totare Brun... . : Il 168.
transversa A.S 1... II 178.
transversalis GREG. . . . II 170.
trilineata Per. & Hie. II 169.
Van Heurckii Ch... . II 173,
verrucosa BRUN . It 177
versicolor Brun... II 181
vetusta A.S.. .. . II 197
villosa PERAG. II 167
vitrea Brun . II 177
var.? verrucosa (Brun) ‘ Il 177
voluta Brun. . . IL 177
Wrightit O'Mz. . Il 149

BAND 27. w:o 3. 203
Cocconema E.
arcticum (Lerst.) I 173.
asperum E. I 1%.
Australicum A. S. I 176.
Boeckii E. ‘ I 125.
> GRUN. . J 174.
Cistula E. I 1738.
var. maculata GRron. I 173.
var.? Sibirica GRun. I 173.
eee E. I 174.
GREG. . I 173.
cinnenen me E. I 172.
gibbum A. S. 1 171, 176.
Hungaricum Grun. I 172.
Janischii A. S. I 177.
leve (Nz&G.) . I 174.
lanceolatum E. I 174.
leptoceros E. I 163.
Lunula E. I 168.
Mexicanum ¥E. I 177.
nanum Hrzscu. . I 171.
pachycephalum RBH. I 172.
parvum W. SM. . I 172.
stomatophorum Grun. I 176.
var. borealis Grun. I 176.
var. fossilis GRun. I 176.
var, gibba GRun. I 176.
Stuxbergit Cu. I 174.
tumidum Brus. I 176.
variabile CRAMER . . J 174.
Colletonema Bres.
bullosum Fior. Mazz. II 141.
dubium Grun.? . I 160.

exile GRUN. . ‘ D8.

eximium THw. : I 118.
lacustre (C. Ac.) H. V. H. I 167.
neglectum THw. . II 17.
subcohaerens Tuw. I 167.
viridulum Bris. I 123.
vulgare THW.. .. . . I 122.
Conferva Lin.
rutilans TRENTEP. . I 126.
Craticula Grun.
Ehrenbergii_Grun. I 110.
Perrotettii Grun. I 110.
Cymatoneis Cu. I 75.
circumvallata Cu. I 76.
quadrisulcata (GRUN.) I @.
sulcata (GREV.) I 7.
Cymbella Ac. I 156.
abnormis GRuN. . . i 170, 181.
var. antiqua GRun. 1 171.
var. fosstlis Pant. I 171.
Abyssinica Grun. . I 165.
acuta (A. 8.) I 164.
acutiuscula Cu. I 164.
equalis A. 8.. I 161.
equalis W. Su. . I 170.
var. diminuta GRUN. . I 170.
var. Florentina GRun. I 170.
var. hybrida Groun. I 161.
affinis Ke... . . IT 171.
>» Pant. ca I 177.
var. semicircularis Lersr. . I 168.
var. tumida Lerst. 1171.
alpina GRUN. I 161.
Americana var. acuta A. 8. I 164.

amphicephala Na&ext1 I 164, 166, 171.

var. hercynica A. 8S. I 165.
var. subundulata Ct. . I 164.
amphioxys (Ke.) Grow. . I 164.
anglica Lerst. . .. 1 166.
angustata (W. Sm.) . I 161, 170.
artica Lerst. s EDS:

204

aspera KE... . 1175, IL 38.
var. Bengalensis Grun. . I 176.
var.? crassa GRUN. . I 175.
var. Dubravicensis Gaon. I 175.
var. minor I 175.
var. neogena GRUN. I 175.

Australica A. S. I 176.

Austriaca GRUN. . I 168.
var. excisa GRUN. I 168.
var. fossilis Pant. I 177.
var.? latestriata Pant. I 177.
var. prisca GRUN. I 163.

Balatonis Grun. I 174.

Beccarii Grun. I 172.

Bengalensis Gruv. I 176.

Beverleiana A. 8S... I 7.

borealis Cu. . : I 161.

Botellus Lerst. . . I 172.

Bouleana Hir. & Br. I 173.

Brasiliana Cu. . 2... I 139.

Budayiana Pant. (Ehrenber-
git var.?) . : I 177.
var. gracilior Panr. I 177.

capitata Pant. . I 177.

Cesatii (Reo) Grun. (Bneyo-
nema) . I 160.

Chyzerii PANT. I 175.

Cistula Hempr. I 178.
var. artica Lorsr. ; I 1738.
var. fusidium Prr. & Her. I 173.
var. Hungarica Pant. I 177.
var. maculata A. S, . I 173.
var. Sibirica Grun. I 173.
var.? truncata Brun ; I 173.

Clementis Pant. (Cistula var. 2) I 177.

conifera Brun & Hip. I 177.

criophila Caster. . II 135.

Cucumis A. S. . I 165.

curta A. 8. I 178.

cuspidata Ke. 5 I 166.
var. obtusiuscula GRun. I 166.

epmibitorms (Ac.) Ke. I 172.

Pant. . I 177.
ae. producta Pant. . I 177.

delecta A. 8. _ I 165.

delicatula Ke. . T 161.

Ehrenbergii Ke. I 165.

Ehrenbergit Ke. var. I 165.

Ehrenbergti forma Lerst. . I 167.
var. delecta A. S. I 165.
var. minor . I 165.

elegans CRAMER I 162.

Encyonema Hut. I 168.

Erdobényiana Pawn. I 1683.

excisa var. major Gurw. I 172.

Alexella Ke. : II 179.

Frieseana Grun. I 140.

gastroides Ke. I 17.
forma minor. . I 175.
var.2 Dubravicensis Grun. 1 175.
var. neogena GRUN. I 17.

gigantea Pant. ‘ I 175.

(Encyon.) gracilis RBH. . I 169.

(Cistula var. ?) Grunovii Pant. I 177.

Hauckii V. Hex. . : I 164

(Encyon.) hebridica Brun. . I 169.

Helvetica Ke. I 172, 174.
var.? Balatonis GRun. I 174.
var. curta CL. . I 174.
var. fossilis Pant. . I 177.

Hercynica A. 8. I 165.

heteropleura E. I 166.
var. minor I 167.
var. subrostrata . I 167.

hevesensis Pant.. . I 175.

Hungarica Pant. I 163.
hybrida Grun. . T 166.
incerta Grun. I 170.

var. naviculacea Grun. : I 170.
(Encyon.?) inelegans Cu. I 168.
inflata Pant. . I 177.
integra A. 8. I 141.
Janischii A.S. ...... I 177.
Jimboi Pant. (C. Cistula?) I 177.
(Encyon.) Jordanii Grun. . I 169.
Kamtschatica Grun.. I 177.
Kavnensis Pant. I 163.
Kochii (Cist. var. maculata 2)

PANT. eo Se Se ee I 177.
(Encyon.) lacustris Ac. i 167.
levis N@GELI ABT 102.
lanceolata E. : I 174.

var. aspera BRon I 1%.

var. cornuta (E.). 174.

var. fossilis Pant. T 174, 178.

var. robusta Pant. I 178.
Lapponica Grun. I 165.
lata Grun. . . I 165.
leptoceros (E.) Grun.. I 162.

var. angusta GRUN. I 163.

var. excisa PETIT I 163.

var. minor Grun. I 163.
Lindsayana Grey. I 164.
lunata W. Su. I 169.
lunula Res. T 169.
maculata Ke. . I 1738.

> W. Sm. I 168.
marina CASTR. . II 135.
marina Pant. (Amphora angu-

stata var.) I 178.
Mexicana E. I Fi: II 38.
microcephala GRUN. I 160.
minuscula GRun. I 160.
minuta HItse . I 169.
Mélleriana Groun. : I 167.
(Pisciculus var. ?) naviculacea

GRU. . I {70.
naviculacea var. amphiouys

GRUN........ I 164.
naviculiformis AUERSW. I 166.
naviculiformis Hxr. I 164.
Neupauert Panv. I 168.
(Encyon.) Norvegica Grow. I 169.
obtusa GREG. I 170.

> Pan. I 178.

var. diminuta GRuN. I 170.
obtusiuscula (Ke.?) Grun. I 161.
Oregonica CL. . ; I 167..
pachyptera Panr. I 178.
parva (W. Sm.) . I 172.
(cymbiformis var.) parva W. Su. I 172.
parva var. Hungarica Grun. I 172.
Pauli Per. & Hur. I 178.
? pediculus Ke. . II 105.
Peragalli Pant. . I 178.
perfecta Pant. (C. cymbifor-

mis var. ?) ae ee 178.
Pisciculus Gree. var. incerta

GRuN.. . Oe . 1170.
plutonica Pane. (C. aapere

var.?) . ; I 178.
preclara Panv. I 178.
(Encyon.) prostrata BERK. I 167.
punctifera CL... 2... I 176.
pusilla Grun. Bol I 162.
Rakéezyana Pant. (C. Cistula

var. maculata ?) . 178.
Reinhardtii Grun. . . I 162.
rupicola Grun. I 162.
salina Panr. I 176.

Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

salinarum GRuN. T 171.
Schmidtii Grun.. I 161.
Scotica W. Sm. . . I 169, 174.
Silesiaca BLEISCH. .... . I 169.
simplex Pant. (C. ventricosa?) I 178.
sinuata GREG. sea Mee AE LO:
var, antiqua GRUN. I 171.
var.? fossilis Pan‘. I 171.
spuria Ch... 2... eee I 166.
Staubii Panr. (C. Fepeeeeies
var.?) 1... 2a I 178.
stauroneiformis Lerst. . I 165.
Stodderi Ch... . I 163.
stomatophora GRUN.. . . I 1%.
Sturii Groun. I 174.
Stuxbergii Cu. I 173.
suavis PANT. .... 7... I 178.
subequalis GRUN. . I 170.
var. Florentina Groun. . I 170.
var. incerta GRuN. pea i: 200;
Szontaghii Pant. (Amphora
angusta var. ?) ‘ I 178.
(Encyon.) Triangulum (B) ; I 168.
truncata GREG. ‘ I 171.
tumida Br&s. I 176.
var. borealis Grun. I 176.
var. fossilis Grun. I 176.
var. gibba Grun. I 176.
tumidula Gron. : I 171.
var. salinarum GRUN. I 171.
(eueyon.) turgida Gree. I 168.
> Pant. . I 178.
ay ver. excisa Prtir . . I 163.
turgidula Grun. . . 1171, 174.
valida Pant. (C. aspera var. ” I 178.
variabilis Warr. I 169.
variabilis (CRAMER) Her. var.
artica Lerst.. .. 1173.
var. Botellus Lersr. . I 172.
vegeta Pant. : I 178.
(Encyon.) ventricosa Ke. . I 168.
var. obtusa GRuN. I 169.
var. ovata GRUN. I 169.
Yarrensis (A. 8S.) I 162.
Cymbosira Ke.
Agardhit Ke. II 194
minutula Gron. II 189
Diadesmis Ke.
biceps ARnotr I 182.
convervacea Ke... I 183.
Flotowtt Grun. . I 182.
gallica W. Su.t . TI 150.
peregrina W. Sm. . I 183.
seminotdes Cu. & GROVE. I 139.

Dickieia Berk.
ulvacea BERK.. .

Dictyoneis Cu.
Jamaicensis (GREV.)
var. gigantea Cu.
marginata (Lewis) Cu.
forma elongata .
var. Cleveii Brun. .
var. commutata CL.
var. gigantea CL.
var. intermedia CL. . . ‘
var. Janischii (Castr.) Cu. .
var. spectatissima (GREVv.)
var. typica CL. :
mastogloidea (Pant.)
naviculacea Cu. ‘
panduriformis Cu. .
Pantocsekii Cu. bales
rugosa (TEmp. & Brun)
spectatissima (GREvV.) Cu.

129.

RRR RAH R HHH RHRRHH
eo
fuare

KONGL. SV. VET.
subconstricta Cu. I 81.
Thumii Ch... .. I 81.
Dimeregramma Ratrs.
Baldjikii Watxer & Cuase . II 187.
Diploneis FE... ... . I 7.
Adonis (Brun)... .. I 8.
var. Ganymedes Ch. . . I 85.
var. gibbosa Brun. . . I 85.
var. Oamaruensis Ct. I 85.
advena (A.S.)... . I 8i.
var. parca A. SS... 2... I 81.
var. recta Brun & Hip... I 8i1.
var. Sansegana GRun. I 81.
estiva (DonK.) ..... I 94.
forma a... I 94.
forma ~ I 94.
areolata Ch... . ‘ I 91.
binaria (A. S.).. 2... I 86.
? bioculata (GRUN.). . I 80.
var. vittata Ch... . I 80.
biseriata Ch... 1... . I 102.
var. Galapagensis Cu. . I 103.
var. lata CL. I 108.
Boldtiana Cu. ; I 92.
bombiformis CL... .. . I 87.
bomboides (A. 8.) . . I 88.
var. Madagascarensis Cu. I 88.
forma minor Cu.. . I 89.
var. moesta A. S. I 89.
Bombus FE. . . ala I 90.
var. bullata Cu. we I 90.
var. densestriata A. S. I 90.
var. egena A. §.. . I 90.
borealis (GRUN.) . . . I 96.
var. subconstricta Cu. I 96.
Campylodiscus (GRUN.). . I 99.
Chersonensis (GRuN.) . I 91.
Chinensis Ch... . . ; 1 89.
circumnodosa (BRUN). .. . I 83.
Clepsydra Ch. . . 2, |b 8h
coarctata A.S. .... I 86, 102.
coffeiformis (A.8.). .... I 81.
var. densestriata A. S.... I 81.
var. subcircularis A. 8. I 81.
compar (JAN)... ..... I 81.
congrua (JAN.). .. .. IT 82.
constricta (GRUN.) . . I 83.
forma minuta....... IT 84.
var. distans CL. . . I 84.
contigua (A. 8.) .... I 82.
var. Eudoxia A. 8. I 83.
var. Eugenia A. 8. I 83.
var. Zechenteri Pant. I 82.
Crabro (E.) ......... I 100.
var.? confecta A. S. I 102.
var. Didelta Ch... . I 101.
var.? Dirhombus A. S. I 102.
var. expleta A. S.. . T 100.
var.? Gibelii A. S.. . . I 102.
var. gloriosa Brun . I 101.
var. Hungarica Ch. . . . I 101.
var. limitanea (A. 8.) . I 100.
var. minuta Ch....... I 102.
var. multicostata GRrun. I 102.
var. Nankoorensis Grun. I 102.
var. O’Meari Grun. M. S. I 102.
var. Pandura (BREB.) I 100.
var.? Pandurella Cu. I 101.
var. perpusilla Cu... . . I 102.
var. separabilis A. S. I 101.
var. subelliptica Cx. I 101.
var.? suspecta A. S. T 101.
Cynthia A. S.. . I 82.
var. elongata a I 82

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

var. minuta CL. .
var. Sibirica Cu. .
Dalmatica (GRuN.) . .
var. Vulpecula A. 8. .
Debyi (Pant.). .. . ;
var. elliptica Ch... . 1. .
demta (A. 8.) as
didyma (E.)_. I
Dirrhombus (A. )
discrepans (A. §.)
divergens & Soe. ae
var. digrediens A. 8..
Domblittensis (Grun.)
elliptica (Ke.) .
var. grandis GRuUN.
var. Ladogensis Cu. a
var. Ostracodarum Pant. .
Entomon (E.) . al fale fam 88
exemta (A. S8.). 2.2.2...
var.? crabroniformis GRUN. .
var. digrediens Cu.
Finnica (E.) Cu... .
fusca (GREG.) . .
var. delicata A. S._
var. Gregorii Cu.
var. Japonica Cu.
var. nigricans Pant... . .
var. Norvegica Cu. .
var. Oamaruensis CL.
var. Pelagi A. 8. j
var. pseudofusca Pant... .
var. subfusca Pant. . . .
var. subrectangularis Ct. .
var. tenuipunctata Ch...
var. Van Heurckii Ch... .
gemmata (GREV.) :
var. fossilis Pant... ...
var. Madagascarensis Cu. .
var. minor CL. Se
var. Oamaruensis Cu. :
var. pristiophora Jan... .
forma minuta CL. . .
var. punctata CL.
var. spectabilis Grun. . .
var. typica Cu.
gemmatula (GRUN.). . . .
var. Beyrichiana A. §
forma minor Pant.
var. Grunowii Cu... . .
var. Hungarica Cu.
var. lacrimans A. §..
var. Moravica Cu. .
Greffii (GRUN.)
forma minor.
Grindleri (A. 8.)
Guinardiana (Brun)
Hudsonis (Groun.)
hyalina (Donx.) . .
hyperborea (GRuv.)
var. excisa A. 8.
incurvata (GREV.)
inscripta Ch. . . . .
interrupta (Ke.) .....
var. clancula A. 8.
var.? Gorjanovicii Pant.
var. Tallyana GRUN. . .
var.? Wiesnerii Pant.
var. Zanzibarica GRUN. .
Kiitzingii (Grun.)
var. bullata Ch... .
laciniosa (A. S.). . .
Lesinensis (GRUN.). .
Letourneuri Cu. . .
lineata (Donx.)
forma pusilla Ct.

pa pec a aera ae ah acta atte Hane ties al enc cnc mea
oe)
for

BAND 27.

w:o 3. 205
litoralis (Donk.) . I 94.
var. hospes A. 8. I 94.
major Cu. I 96.
var. permagna Pant. . I 97.
Mauleri (Broun.) I 98.
var. Borussica Cu. I 98.
mediterranea (GRUN.) . I 82.
microtatos (Pant.) I 95, II 196.
var. Christianii Tu. CHRISTIAN’ I 96.
mirabilis (CastR.) . .. . I 97.
munda (JaAN.):. ... I 82,
musceformis (GRUN.) . I 83.
var. constricta GRUN. I 83.
var. genuina Cu... . I 83.
var. placida A. S.. . I 83.
var. pusilla Cu... . I 83.
nitescens (GREG.) I 97.
var. fossilis Pant... . I 97.
var. Fuegiana Petit I 97.
var. serratula GRUN.. . . I 97.
notabilis (GREV.)...... I 93.
forma expleta A.S.... . I 93.
forma genuina. . I 93.
oculata (BREB.) .... I 92.
ornata (A.8)...... I 102.
ovalis (HILSE). .... I 92.
var. oblongella Na&GELI. . I 93.
var. pumila Grun.. . I 92.
Papula (A.S.). 2... I 85.
Parma Cu. . I 95.
Platessa Ch. & ‘GROVE fo Mee Oke
Prestes (A. S.) I 87.
prisca (A. S.) . I 103.
Puella (Scxum.) Cu. I 92.
Schmidtii Ch... ... I 389.
Smithii (BrB.) ...... I 96.
splendida (GREG.) I 87.
var. diplosticta Grun. . I 88.
var.? Elesdiana Pant. . . I 88.
var.? Haynaldii Pant. I 88.
var.? prominula A.S.... I 88.
var. Puella A. S. I 88.
subcincta (A. S8.). . . . I 86.
subnuda (A. 8.) ... I 81.
var. densestriata. . . . I 82.
suborbicularis (GREG.) . . I 81.
subovalis Ch. ..... I 96.
Szontaghii (Pant.). . I 99.
vacillans (A. S.). . . I 95.
formaa...... I 95.
forma 8 ....... I 95.
var Corsicana Grun.. ... I 96.
var, delicatula Ch... . . I 95.
var.? minuta GRUN. I 95.
var. renitens A. S.. . I 95.
vagabunda (BRUN)...... I 103.
Vespa OG.3. 60 ok @ a ae 97.
Vetula (A.S.).... I 85.
Weissflogii (A. 8.) . I 91.
Disconeis Cr. ...... It 180
Donkinia Ratrs.
angusta (DonxK.) RALFs I 120.
antiqua Grove & Sr. I 120.
carinata (Donk.) Ratrs ... I 44.
compacta RauFs.... . I 120.
minuta (Donx.) Raurs . I 120.
recta (DonxK.) GRoun. T 120.
var. intermedia PER. I 120.
reticulata Norm. I 465.
subflecuosa GRUN.. .... I 119.
Thumit Per. .... I 120.
Doryphora Ke.
Boocksi 2 aS) re I 125,

206 Pp. T.

Echinella.

geminata Lynes. Soe

olivacea LynGB.. . . 1...
Encyonema,

Auerswaldit RBH... ... .
caespitosum Ke. : e
var. obtusa GRUN.. . .

var. ovata GRUN. . .

Gerstenbergeri GRuN.

gracile RBH. .. 1... .

hebridicum (GruG.) GRun. .

Lunula (E.) Grun.

maximum WaRrM. 2.5

paradoxum Ka... 2... .

prostratum (BERK.) RALFS. .

» Ke. . ‘ ‘
triangulum Grams 4 eA

turgidum (GREG.) GRuN.. . .

Ongert GRuN.. . 2...

ventricosum (K@.). . .

? Yarrense A. 8S. .
Eucocconeis Cu...
Frustulia Ac. a

acrosphaeria Bris.

acuminata Ke... .

appendiculata Ac.

attenuata Ke.

cofferformis Ac.

> Ke. ee

cuspidata Ke... .. 1...

eumnbiformts Ke.

vessa KG. . 2. 2 wee
tea Ag.

inemnoalta LEewis . . ae

var. incomperta LEwis. . .

var. Julieni Brun & HER.

var. Labuensis Ch... . .
lanceolata AG.
lata Bris. :

Lewisiana (Grev.)

maculata Ke... 2...

major Ka.

oblonga Ke. .

pelliculosa Bree.

pellucida Ke... a

rhomboides E.. .......

var. amphipleuroides Grun.
var. lineolata E.

var. Oregonica CL. .

var. Saxonica Ru.

var. viridula Bris. ig de

Saxonica RBH. .......

spec. GRUN.. 2. 2. eee

Styriaca GRun. :

torphacea A. Braun. .

ventricosa Ke.

vulgaris Tow... .

var. asymmetrica Cu.
Gloeonema E.

Leibleinii Ac. .

Triangulum E.
Gomphoneis Ct. .

elegans (GRUN.)

herculeanum E. :
var. clavata Ch... ..
var. robusta GRun.

Mamilla (E.)
Gomphonema Ac. .. .

abbreviatum (Ac.) Ka... ..

(abbreviatum var.) Brasiliense

acumipatum E.
forma Brébissonii Ke.
forma coronata E... .
forma pusilla Grun. . .

I 186.
I 187.

T 168.
I 168.
I 169.
I 169.
I 175.

forma trigonocephala E. I 184.
var. Clavus (BREB.) . . I 184.
var. elongata W. Sm. I 184.
var. intermedia Grun.. . . I 184.
var. laticeps (E.) . 1... I 184.
var. pusilla Grun. I 184.
var. submontana Gutw. I 184.
var. Turris E.... I 184.
cequale GREG... . I 181.
Aistuarii Cu. I 188.
affine Ke. . 1... I 183.
angustatum Ke. otirte, AST:
var. equalis GREG... .. . I 181.
var. intermedia. . . I 181.
var. obtusata Ke. ees FETS,
var. producta GRUN.. . . I 181.
var. Sarcophagus GREG. I 181.
var. subequalis Grun.. .. I 181.
var. undulata Grun..... I 181.
angustum BREB. I 181.
antarcticum OME. I 189.
apicatum E......... I 185.
arcticum GRuN.. ... . I 188.
asymmetricum Gutw. I 170.
Augur Hy aa 8 a ae ee a I 185.
var. Gautiert V. Hox... . I 185.
auritum A. BRAUN ..... I 182.
Balticum Cu... ... .. I 188.
Bengalense Grun....... I 183.
Berggrenii Ct. . I 185.
Brasiliense BRUN. 5 I 189.
var. Demerare Grun. M. g. I 189.
Brébissoniti Ka... . I 184.
calearewm Cu. & M.. .. I 188, 188.
Cantalicum Brun & Hkr. I 189.
var. costalonga Brun & Hir. I 190.
forma major Brun & Her. . I 190.
capitatum E,. 1... I 186.
clavatum E. I 186.
commune RBH. ae T 181.
commutatum GRuN.... . I 183.
constrictum E. I 186.
var. capitata E. I 186.
var. subcapitata . . . I 186.
coronatum EB... 1... I 184.
cristatum RALFS ...... -I 185.
curvatum Ke... .. 2... . II 165.
curvirostrum Temp. & Br... I 186.
Cygnus Scoum. ...... I 182.
> Srrész... I 183.
Cymbella Brun ..... I 188.
dichotomum Ke. ...... I 182.
(gracile var.?) dichotomum
SW SSMS ocd ees oe, wae iget as Se, Ber I 182.
dichotomum § sessile Ka. I 183.
Dubravicense Pant... ... I 187.
elegans GRUN. . I 7.
elongatum W. 8m. . . IT 184,
Eriense GRuN.. ...... I 78, 180.
exiguum Ke. ..... : T 188.
var. arctica GRUN.. .. . I 188.
var. digitata (Ka.) : I 188.
var. minutissima (Ke.) I 188.
var. pachyclada Bris. I 188.
var. perpusilla Grun.. . . I 188.
var. telographica (Ka.) I 188.
fractum Scum... .... II 166.
geminatum LyncB....... I 186.
var. curvirostrata Temp.& Br. I 186.
var. hybrida Grun. . .. . I 186.
var. Sibirica Grun. . I 186.
gracile B.. . 2... I 182.
var. aurita A. Braun . . I 182.
var. cymbelloides Grun. M. 8. I 182
var. dichotoma Ke. I 182

CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

var.? lanceolata Ke... . I 183.
var. major GRUN. . . I 183.
var. naviculacea W. Sm. I 1838.
gracile Scpum. ....... I 181.
gracillimum Scuum. . I 181.
hebridense GREG. I 182.
Herculeanum E. es I 7.
var. robusta GRUN. J 74.
Hungaricum Pant. I 182.
hyalinum Het. . I 188.
insigne GREG. . I 183.
intricatum Ke. . I 181.
var. dichotoma Ke. T 182.
var. fossilis Pant. . I 182.
var. pumila GRUN.. . I 181.
var. Vibrio E.. . I 182.
Italicum Ke. «1... . I 186.
Kamtschaticum GRuy. . . I 188.
var. Californica GRuN. T 189.
var. Sibirica Grun. I 189.
Kinkerianum Pant. . I 184.
Lagenula V. Hex. . T 180.
> Scnoum.... J 181.
lanceolatum E. od I 188.
var. Bengalensis. . . . . . I 188.
var. insignis GREG. T 183.
longiceps (E.). . . I 183.
var. subclavata . . I 183.
Mamilla BE... 2... T %:
marinum W. Sm. . II 165.
Mexicanum Gron. I 184.
micropus Ke. I 180.
minutissimum Ke. .... . II 165.
montanum var. subclavata
GRuN. . ‘ 183.
Mustela E. soci I 184,
naviculoides StRGSE. ... . Il 16.
nasutum EB... . . I 185.
olivaceum Lynew. ... . I 187.
var. baltica Cu. . I 188.
var. calcarea Ch... . I 188.
var. fossilis Pant. . I 187.
var. salinarum Pant... . I 187.
var. stauroneiformis Grun. I 188.
var. staurophora Pant. T 187.
var. tenellum Ke. I 188.
(Oregonicum var. *) maximum
GRUN. F 2) JR 98:
oxycephalum COs. . 1 187.
pachycladum BREB...... I 188.
parvulum Ke. : I 180.
var. exilis GRuN. ..... I 180.
var. exilissima Grun. . . I 180.
var. lanceolata. ..... I 180.
var. micropus Ke. I 180.
var. subcapitata. . . . I 180.
var. subelliptica Cu. . . . . I 180.
var.? tergestina Grun. I 181.
Peruvianum GrRun. . I 189.
pohlieeforme Ka. I 186.
Puiggarianum Grow. . I 189.
var, equatorialis Cu. I 189.
pulvinatum A. Braun . T 182.
Sagitta Scrum. ‘I 182, 184.
salinarum Pant. . : ii 187.
var. staurophora Pant. I 187.
salsa Pant... ; I 187.
Sarcophagus Grea. I 181.
semiapertum GRuN. T 182.
var. tergestina GRUN. . . I 181.
sphaenelloides Scuum.. . . I 188.
spherophorum E. I 185.
subclavatum Grun. I 183.
var. acuminata Per. & Her. I 184.

var. montana ScHum.

I 184.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2/7. w:o 3. 207

var. Mustela KE. . 2... . I 184. var. minutula GRUN.. . . T1117. egregia A.S... . II
forma curvata Brun & Per. I 184. var. nodifera Grun. . I 117. electa A.S... . I
var. obliqua Grun. I 184, strigilis (W. Sm.) I 115. elegans Lewis. II
subramosum Ke. I 186, 188. var.? Capensis Prtir. I 115. elliptica Ac. : ._ I
subtile BE... ....... I 182. var. Smithii Groun. J 115. var. Australis Cr. . . I
var. Sagitta Scuum. . I 182. var.? tropica GRUN. I 145. var. Dansei (THw.) II 146,
Szaboi Panr. . 1183. Temperei Ch. ..... T1418. var. punctata Cu. Il
tenellum Ke. 1188. tenuissimum W. Sm... . 1117. elongata Levup.-F. . Il
> WES Me | cee eae ae T 182. var. hyperborea Grun.. . I 117. entoleia Ch... . 1... II
transsylvanicum Pant... .. I 187. var. subtilissima Grun. I 117. Erythrea GrunN..... Il
trigonocephalum E. T 184. Terryanum (PER.) . I 114. var. biocellata Grun.. . II
turgidum E. I 186. Wansbeckii (DonkK.) I 119. var.? interrupta (Hrzscn.) . II
Turris E.. I 184. var. Peisonis Grun. T 119. euxina CL. as I
var. apiculata Gann I 188. var. subsalina Prr. T1119. exarata Ch... . II
validum Cr. . : I 185. Hantzschia Gron. exigua Lewis . II
var. elongata Cu. -. 1185. amphioxys (E.) Grun.. . . IL 141. fallax Ch... 2... . I
ventricosum GREG... .... I 186. marina (DonxK.) GRUN. . II 141. flexuosa CL... II
var. maxima CL... ... 14187. Heteroneis Ch. ..... II 182. Floridana Cr. II
var. ornata GRUN...... I 187. Libellus Ch... ... I 151. Floridea Cu. II
var. Tasmanica Cu. I 187. aponinus (DE Tont) I 154. Foliolum Brun. . . Il
Vibro BR. ge eee ee s I 182. Licmophora Ae. Funafutensis A.8.. 2... II
? vitreem GRUN. . YI 8&8 minuta Ke. . I 189. ?(Diadesmis) gallica (W. em) II
Gyrosigma Hassabn ..... I 112. Mastogloia THWATTES . II 142. Goésii Ch. . ... . . Il
acuminatum Ke... ..... I i14 acuta GRUN.. 6... . 00, II 156. Grevillei W. Sm... ..... II
var. Brébissonii Grun.. . . -I 114. acutiuscula GRUN.. .. 0. . II 157. Grovei Cu. . . se II
var. curta GRUN. ..... I 114. var. Labuensis Cu. II 157. Grundleri A.S. 2... Il
var. gallica Grun.. .... J 114. affinis Cu. . II 151. Grunowit A. 8S... 2... 241
angustum DonK........ I 120. affirmata Levp.-F. II 155. Horvathiana Grov. . II
var. Sumatrana CL. . I 120. amygdala Lrup. Bie sitio II 151. = inequalis Cu. : II
(Rhoicos.) arcticum Cu... . . I 119. angulata Lewis . $5 II 147. interrupta Hrzscu . ree Ut
attenuatum (Ke.) ...... T 115. > IPERS ee Ye eo ae II 157. intersecta A. S.. . II
var. scalprum GaAILL. & Temp. I 116. var. pusilla Grun.. . II 147. Japonica CL . 1... II
Baileyi (GRuN.) ...... I 114. antiqua Ch... . . . IT 159. Javanica Ch. . I
balticum (E.) .. 2... 2... I 118. > Scuum. II 152, 153. TJelinekiana GRun. II
var. Californica Grun. . . . I 119. apiculata GRUN... . . I 147. Jelinekii Groun. F II
var. similis Grun...... I 119. apiculata W. Sm. II 157. var. fossilis Ch. . . . I
var. Sinensis FE... .... I 119. Arata Che wh ae Baca a oS II 156. var. marina (Jan. & RBH. ?) Cu. IL
(Rhoicos.) compactum (Grev.) I 120. asperula Grun. M.S. . . II 146, 162. var. Italica Broun . II
var. constricta GRuN. T 120. ‘var. Gilberti (A. 8.) . 11147. Kariana Grow. .. . uu
diaphanum Cu. I 115. Bahamensis Cu. . . : II 155. Kellerii (Pant.) . . . : II
diminutum Grun. ..... I 119. Balkanica Brun II 157. Kerguelenensis Castr.. . . II
var. constricta GRuN. I 119. baltica GRUN.. . . II 156. Kinkeritt Pant... .. II
distortum (W. Sm.) ..... I 116. var.? Citrus Cu. II 157. Kinsmanni Lewis. . I
var. Parkeri Harris . I 116. Baldjikiana Grun. . .. II 158. Kjellmanii Cu. II
var. stauroneoides Grun. I 116. var. bullata Cu. II 158. Labuensis Ch... 1 2... II
Fasciola (E.) .......-.- I 116. bisuleata Grun...... II 155. laminaris EF. ...... II
var. arcuata Donk. I 116. var. Corsicana (GRuN.) II 155. var. intermedia Cu. II
var. sulcata Grun. . I 116. Braunii Grun.. ..... II 158. lanceolata THw... . II
var. tenuirostris Grun.. . . I 116. var. Baldjikiana Grun. II 158. var. GRUN. ..... 2. I
Febigerii (GRuN.) . . I 115. var. pumila GRUN. II 157. var. amphicephala Danner. . II
(Rhoicos.) glaciale Cu. I 115. Brunit ALS... . «TD 161. var. elliptica Dann. I
Grovei Ch. . 2... ee I 118. bullata ALS... ee II 154. var. Hungarica Pant. . II
Kiitzingii (GruN.) ...... J 115. (Stigmaphora) capitata Brun II 151. Lancettula Cn. 2... 1. II
lineare (GRUN) .. 1... I 120. capitata Grev. ....... It 152. (Orthoneis) latericia A. 8... II
var. longissima Cu. .... I 120. Castracanei BRUN ...... II 146. lemniscata Luup.-F...... II
litorale (W. Sm.)....... I 116. Chersonensis A. 8. II 161. Leudugeri Cu. & Grove... II
macrum (W. Sm.) ...... I 117. Citrus Ch... ... IT 157. lineata CL. & GROVE... . . II
(Rhoicos.) mediterraneum Cu. . I 121. Clevei BRUN ........ I 31. lineolata A. 8S... . It
var. calcarea BRUN I 121. cocconeiformis GRUN. II 150. Macdonaldii Grev..... I
var. Chinensis Cu... I 121. concinna A. 8. ‘ II 161 marginulata Gruy. . dhe x) ILE
plagiostomum (GRuN.) 1118. constricta Cu... . II 154 Mauritiana Brun... .. II
prolongatum W. Sm... . I 117. Corsicana GRUN. ...... II 155 maxima GRUN. . .. 2... II
var. closteroides Grun.. . . I 117. Craveni (LEup.-F.) . : II 159. minuta GREV......... II
(Donkinia) rectum Donk... . I 119. cribrosa GRUN. ..... II 148, 149. neogena Pant. ....... II
var. intermedia PEr. . I 120. cruciata (LEuD.-F.)...... II 159. obesa Ch... . 1... 2.02. Il
var. minuta DonK.. .... I 120. euspidata Ch... . . . a it 154. obscura Leup.-F. ...... I
var. Thumii Cu... .... I 120. Dansei Tow......... II 152. obtusa Pant... 2. ea II
(Rhoicos.) robustum Groun. . . I 121. var. elliptica ms AG.) . IT 152. var. fluviatilis Brun II
var. inflexa Per. ..... I 121. Debyi Cu... 2) 1 ew eee II 158. OVALS AS Site ae ue os II
scalproides RBH... ..+.-. I 118. decora Lrup.-F. . II 159. ovata GRUN. 6 1 ee eee II
var. (Endosigma) eximia Taw. I 118. 2? decorata Grun. . . I 62. panduriformis CL. . 1... . I
var. obliqua GRUN. . I 118. decussata Grun. M. S. . . 11147. paradoxa Grun........ II
spectabile (GRUN.) - . . ++ - 1118. delicatula Ch... . . . If 146. = peracuta Jan.. . II
Spencerii (W. Sm)... =... - I 117. divergens A.S.... It 161. Peragalli Co. . . 2. , II
var. exilis GRUN. ..... IT 117. 2? dubia Cu... II 162. Pethéi Pan. Il

208

(Phaitiana) CastR. ..... I 146.
Pisciculus Ch... .. 2... II 157.
Portierana GRUN. ..... II 153.
pulchella Ch. . . . . II 158.
pusilla Gron.. . wie ESE,
pumila GRUN.. ... .. If 157.
quinquecostata GRuN. . . . II 161.
var. concinna (A. 8.) ... DI 161.
var. elongata Leup.-F.. . . II 161.
var. Kerguelenensis (Castr.) TI 161.
var. Neapolitana Brun. II 161.
var. rhombica Cu. . . : TI 161.
radians A. §.. F II 162.
remota A. S. .. II 162.
? reticulata Gru. : I 30.
var. Japonica Brun. .. I 31.
rhombica Ch... . . . Ir 155.
rhomboidalis Pant. . . Ir 158.
Rhombulus Cu. ‘ . It 150.
Rhombus se RA eyich Ir 146.
rimosa CL. . . fg II 155.
rostellata GRUN. . II 147, 162.
rugosa TEMP. & BR... . IT 282
Sansibarica A. 8. . .. I 161.
seriata CL. & GROVE. . . Ir 161.
Seychellensis Grun. . . Ir 154.
sinuata A.S.. 2... .., II 161.
smithii Tuw..... 2 es GL 1b?!
var. abnormis Grun.. . . . II 152.
yar. amphicephala Grun.. . II 152.
var. Doljensis Pant... . II 152.
var. intermedia Grun... . II 152.
var. lacustris Grun.. II 152.
var. lanceolata Grun. .. It 152.
var.? pusilla Grun... . . II 151.
Smithit @ Taw. ..... II 152.
sp.? PERAG.. «+ . . I 157.
squamosa PGS. , awe & Ir 155.
submarginata CL. & GRUN. . Il 160.
suborbicularis Leup.-F. . II 157.
sulcata Ch. . .. . II 147.
Szontaghii Pant. ...... II 147.
Temperei CL. ...... Ir 160.
Thaitiana CastrR. . I 146, 147.
tumescens A.S. 1... 1... II 162.
undulata GRUN. ... . II 155.
Mastoneis CL...... I 194.
biformis (Grun.). ...... I 194.
Microneis Cr. ..... II 187.
Microstigma Cu. . es I 151.
Monema GrREv.
prostratum BrERK.. . .. I 167.
Monogramma E.
Smithiana GREv. II 193.
ventricosa EB. . . . IT 192.
Navicula Bory.
Abaujensis Pant... . II 838.
abnormis CasTR. . . I 90.
> Grun.... . . I 61.
abrupta (GREG.). ©... . Il 61.
(molaris var.?) Abyssinica
GRUONE \ siisa Sure eae or a IT 650.
acrosphaeria BRuB. .... . Il 86.
var. Sandvicensis A. 8S... II 86.
Acus Cp... I 106, 133.
Adonis BRuN ...... I 85.
var. gibbosa BRuN. ... . I 8b.
Adriatica Grun. I 85, 97.
aemula GRUN........ I 57.
var.? major Cu. & Grove. I 57.
aestiva DonK........ I 94.
Aestuarit Brig... ... . I 42.
affinis BE. 1... eee I 68, 69.
Pele UDI A soe et coke «ow aa hese 68.
var. amphirhynchus Gaon. I 68, 69.

P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE

var. undulata Grun. ... I
res Leup.-F..... II

binensis Grun. .. ... II
algida GRUN. .... 2 4% JL
Allmaniana GREG. ..... II
alpestris GRUN. . . ak

var. Tatrica Gutw.. .. I
Alpha Cn. 3 6 6% & 2% 4 II
alpina W. Sm. fo
ambigua EB... 2... ew I
Americana EK... ...... I

var. bacillaris Per. & Hir. I
forma minor Per. & Hir. I
amica Cu. & GRUN. ..... I
Amicorum Grun M.8..... II
var. Madagascarensis CL. . Il
ammophila GRuN....... II
var. degenerans GRUN. . + I
var. flanatica (Grun.) . . . II
var. intermedia Gron. . . . II
forma minuta Gruy. . . 2
amoena CL. .......
amphibola Ct. . I 1836, 11 93,
amphiceros KG. 4 eeu ss iat
amphigomphus E. é SE
amphioxys E.. . I
amphirhynchus W. Sm. I
amphisbaena Bory I
var. Fenzlit Grun I
var. subsalina I
Amphora Brun. . . I
ampliata E. , I
Anderssonit Ch... I
andesitica Pant. 5 tek
anglica RabFs. ....... II
var. minuta Ch... .... II
var. subcruciata GRuUN.. . Il
var. subsalina Grun.. . Il
var. subsalsa GRUN. . . I
angulata QucK.. . : I
angulosa GREG... . 3 . . I
var. 6 GREG. . cae? II
angusta GRUN. ....... II
angustata W. Sm... .. I
annulata GRUN. .. . Bip fe cor cae
Anthracis Brun & CL... . . II
aperta Schum. .. .. II
apiculata GREG... . .
> Brip., . y II
var. naculifera GRun . I
Apis BE... .... : I 85,
(Libellus) aponina Ke... . I
appendiculata Ke. I 160, ‘ll 75,
var. trrorata GRUN.. . II
approximata Grev. ..... II
forma typica ...... II
var. Couperi (Bam.) . . .. II
var. Kittoniana A. S.... II
var. substauroneiformis
GRUN: Se Ba ook GE 4 II
Aquitaniae Brun & Hr. .. II
var. undulata Brun. . . . II
Arabica GRUN. ....... Il
Aradina Pant... . . II
arata GRUN.. ....... II
arctica CL... 2... oak
arcuata Pant. dep 3 . IT
arenaria DonK....... II
arenariaeformis Panr. . .. II
arenicola GRUN. . . . =e EE
Areschougiana GRUN. rae
arverna Per. & Hér. .... II
aspera BE... 2... ee |
var. Hungarica Pant.. . I
var. intermedia Grun.. . I

NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

asymmetrica Pant.
> Cu. .

atomoides Grun.
Atomus GRUN.
> NAEGELI

Aucklandica Groun.

Australica A. 8... : : ; i

Australis Pevir. ...

avenacea BREB, ..... .-

baccata BRUN.. . .

bacillaris GREG... .. aor
incon-

Bacillaris Gree. var.
stantissima GRUN. .

bacillifera Pant. .

bacilliformis Grun.

Bacillum E.. ..... i -

var.
var. B
var. Gregoriana GRoUN. .
var.
var.

Baculus Cu.
Baumlerii Panr.. . .. .
var. interrupta Pant.

Bahusiensis Grun.. ... .
var. arctica GRUN.. . . .

var. Istriana GRUN.
Baileyana Gron. . .
Balearica (CL.)
baltica BE... . .
Barbitos A. 8. :
Barclayana Gree.
Bartholomei Cu.

basaltae proxima Brun & HER.

Basilica Brun.
> Pant. .

Beccariana Grun.. . .
Beckii Pant. .
Bengalensis Grun.
Beta Cu.
Beyrichiana A. S.

forma minor Pant.
bicapitata Lerst.

var. hybrida Gron.
biceps E. oid

> Gree.
biconstricta Grun.

> Grove & St. .

bicuneata GRuN.. . .
bicuspidata Ch. & Garon.
biglobosa Scuum.
bilobata Leup.-F.
bimaculata Pann. .
binaria A. SS...
binodis E. .
bioculata Grun. .
bipunctata GRuN.. . .
birostrata Gree.
biseriata Petir....
bisulcata Lerst.
var. turgidula

bituminosa Pant. .....
var.? cincta Pant... . .

var.
var.
var.
var.
var.
(Oregonica var. ?)
Pant...
blanda A. 8.

latecapitata Pant.
robusta Pant.
signata Pant.
staurophora Pant.

Bleischit Jan... 2...
Bodosensis Pant. .

minor V. Hck... .
lepida GreG. ....
var.? Mexicana GRUN. .. .

valida Pant... ..
bivittata

Bleischiana Jan. & Reur.. .

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Bogotensis Grun....... Il 88
Bohemica EB... .... 0... Ir 6.
(Roiconeis) Bolleana Grun. . II 25.
bomboides A.S. ...., I 87, 88
var. media GrRun. go Be
Bombus BE... .... .. I 90.
var. densestriata A. S. I 90.
var. egena A.B. . 1. I 90.
borealis (E.) 1... 2... II 80.
var. fossilis Pant. .. . II 81.
var.? producta Grun. .. JI 8i.
var. scalaris GRuN. . . Il 81.
Borussica Cu... .. . .. I 98.
Boryana Pant. ...... I 60.
Botieriana Grun..... . IL 71.
Bottnica Grun. ..... Il 20, 32.
brachysira Brie... .. . 7.
Brasiliana Ch... 1... 2... I 139.
Brasiliensis Grun.. ..+- .. II 47.
var.? bicuneata Cu. II 48, 49.
var. fossilis Pant... ... II 48.
Brauniana Grun....... II 7%.
Braunit Grun. . . 1... II 75.
Brebissonii Ke... . . . Il 77, 78.
var. fossilis Pant. .... IL 7.
var. subproducta Grun. . Il 77.
brevis GREG. . 2... 2... I 61.
var. elliptica . boy give OL 461.
Bruchii Grun.. ...... II 36.
Brunii Pant. . . es, See «LD oh Tl 51.
Bo OTS acces late ga of I 193.
Budayana Panr. I 104.
bullata Norpm... ..... I 63.
var. Molleriana Jan... II 60.
var. obtusa CasTR. . . II_ 60.
var. rhomboides Castr. . . II 65.
(Libellus) Bulnheimii Grun. . I 154.
var. Belgica Grun. .... I 154.
Californica GREV.. . . II 58.
var. Campechiana Guow, . ID 58.
Campbelli (Prttt) . .. I 63.
Campylodiscus Gruy..... I 99.
cancellata Donk. . ‘ II 30.
forma minuta Grun. . . . II 30.
var. genuina Gaon. ... II 30.
var. Gregorii Raurs ... . II 30.
var. impressa (LGRST.) . I 30.
var. Maroccana Cu. . ... IL 30.
var. retusa BREB. .... . Ir 30.
var. Skaldensis H. V. Hex. II 380.
var. Schmidtii Grun. . . . II 30.
var. subapiculata Grun. . . II 380.
Carassius BE... .. . .. I 19.
cardinalis (E.) ..... . ID 94.
var. Africana Brun... II 79.
Cart Meg ey ee oe JA ca ge IE DE
var. angusta Grun. .... II 17.
Caribaca A.B... 1.1... II 61.
> CBee wk “ee ae aS II 46.
carinfera GRUN...... II 37, 48.
forma minor . ..... ll 48.
var. densius striata .... II 48.
var. laxepunctata ..... Ir 48.
Carpathorum Pant... .. . I 92.
Castracanei GRUN. .... - I 64.
Centraster Cu. ..... II 32.
Cesatii Rew. ... . “8 I 160.
Ceylanensis Lzup.-F.. . . Il 46.
Challengeri GRun.. . .. . I 24.
Chersonensis Grun. .... I 91.
Chie Ci: s—. 3 Wied II 37
Chyzereii Pant... .. .- . I 68.
cincta E...... oh ay Ir 16.
>» Panr, II 67

Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handl.

var. angusta (Grun.) ... II 17.
var. Cari (BE... . 2 we, Ir 17.
var. Heufleri Grun. .... Il 16.
var. leptocephala (Brée.) . II 17.
circumnodosa Brun... . I 83.
? Cistella Grev. .. . . 1 14.
citrea A. S.... eco ak IO:
clancula A.S. ... I 84.
clavata GREG. . : ~ « « ID 61,
forma minor Cu.. 2 edd, 68
forma minuta...... II 62.
var. Caribaea (CLevE) . .. II 61.
var. elongata PERAG. . ID 62.
var. exsul (A. 8S.) . . Il 61.
var. Indica (GreEv.) . . ID 62.
var. proxima Jan. . : II 62.
var. rhombica CL... . II 62.
Claviculus Grue, . ‘ Il 97.
Clementis Grun.. . ..,. . IL 24.
Clepsydra Donx. . 2.2 @ L198:
> var.? 4 . 1 198.
Clevei Lorst......... I 51.
Cluthensis Greg .. . IW 47.
var. Finmarchica Grun.. . 11 47.
var. maculifera Cu... . . IL 47.
var. minuta Ch... It 47.
var. Novae ZéalandiaeGrun. I 47.
var. pagophila Grun. ... Il 47.
var. striolata Grun.. ... IL 47.
coarctata A. S... j .. I 86.
cocconeiformis GREG. . ee LD 39:
coffeiformis A. BS... 1. I 81.
var. densestriata .... I 81.
var. subcircularis. .. I 81.
commutata GRuUN. . . Il 91.
compar JAN. . I 81.
(Libellus) complanata GRuN. I 153.
var. hyperborea GRun. . T 153.
var, subinflata Grun. I 153.
compressicauda A. 8. II 33.
concilians Ch.. ...... TI 54.
confecta A. S. . I 102.
(Diadesmis) confervacea (Ke.) . I 133.
var. Hungarica GRun. . I 133.
var. peregrina Grun.. ... I 133.
confoederata ........ Ir 45.
congrua JAN. 2 ele sb (Be.
connectens (GRUN.). II 55, 638
consanguinea Cu. . .... II 33.
consimilis A. 8... ..... I 57.
consors A.S....... . IT 25.
conspersa Pant.. . ... II 48.
conspicua ALS. . 1.1... I 88.
constricta GRUN. ..... I 65, 83.
contenta GRUN. I 182.
var. biceps ARN. . : I 182.
contermina A.S....... T 191.
contiqua AS... . 2... I 82.
contorta Kitton M.8.. .. . II 69.
contracta GRUN.. ..... I 57.
conveca W. SM... .. . 72, 105.
copiosa A.S8....... ; Hu 59.
correpta A. 8. . 57.
(Schizonema) corymbosa Aa) Ul 26.
costata KE. . ow we LE BL
> [<a : . I 6.
costulata Gron. ee ee ee it a

Couperi (BAaIL.). .. 2...

Crabro E.
var. Japonica A. §..

Crabro E. var. Nankoorensis

GERUNE ws, 2 SoS a ee T 102.
var. Oranensis A. 8. T 102
crabroniformis GRUN. I 86

Band 27. N:o 3.

BAND 27.

n:io 3. 209
crassa GREG. ... . I 61.
crassinervia BEKB. T 123.
crassirostris GRUN. I 107.
var. Maaséensis Grun.. .. I 107.

Craveni Leup.-F...... IT 159.
Creguti Hin. & Pur. :
var. lanceolata Prr. & Her. I 50.

cruciata CL. . . i As Il 97.
> Levup.-F.. . II 159.
Crucicula (W. Sm). . I 139, 140.
var. minuta GRUN.. .... I 140.
var. obtusata Grun.. ... I 140.

(Crucicula var.?) protracta

GRUN: 4 6 6 ¢-¢ Ge aw ys I 140.
crucifera Gruy........ II 382.
Crucifix Trump. & Br. Ded:
cruciformis DonK. ..... Il 97.
crucigera (W. Sm.). ..... IT 111.
cryptocephala Ke... . I 108, II 14.

var. exilis Grun. . . . Il 14.

var. intermedia. ..... Ir 19.

var. lancettula Scuum. . I 14.

var. latior DANNF. .. . Il 22.

var. perminuta (GRUN.) . . ut 14.

var. pumila Grun.. . 14.

var. rhynchocephala Gaun. II 1b, 22.
var. veneta (KG.) II 14 17.
(Rhoiconeis)CubitusTemp.& Br. II 31.

curtestriata Pant, ..... II 87.
(peregrina E. var.?) curtestri-

Gta PE. bes ... Il 87.
curvinervia GRUN. ..... I 58.
cuspidata Ke... 2... 1... I 109.

var. ambigua E....... I 110.

var. danaica Grun. I 110.

var. halophila Grun. I 109.

var. Héribaudi PERaG. . I 110.
Cymbula Donk... .... Il 22.
Cynthia ALS. 2. 2... I 82.
Cyprinus BE... 1... I 18.
Dactylus EB... . . .) oL:s9890.

forma maxima. .... IL 90.
Dalmatica Grun. ...... I 98.
Dariana A.S. ... ... I 90.
debilis Pant... ...... II 85.
debilissima Grun. ¢ ee a IE 8:
Debyi Pant. . 2... I 98.
decora Grove & St... I 74.
decumana Pant. .. . Ir 91.
decurrens (E.) Grun. .... IL 84.
decussata (E.). ....... II 5.
definita Grove & St. .... I 135.

var. intermedia Cu. . ... JI 185.
delata ALS. .. 1... I 56.
Delawarensis Grun.... . II 41.
Delognei V. Hrcx . : I 153.
Delta Ch... . .. II 41.
Demerarae GRUN. . . . Il 41.
Demerarae Cu. . . ya F147.
demta A.S. ...... . I 86.
depressa CL. ....... I 129.
derasa GRUN......... Il 28.

var.? gracilenta GRuN. . IT 28.
De Wittiana Kai & Scuuttze II 69.
dicephala (E.) W. Sm. . IT 21.

var. elginensis Grec. . . JI 21.

var. subcapitata Gron.. . . II 21.
didyma BE... . » . I 90.

> Lagst . . sew e I 86.

> var. GREG. .. . I 87.
difficilis Pant... ..... Ir 59.
difluens A. S...... . IT 62.
diffusa, AS 6 a cn eee Rs Ir 46.
var.? Balearica CL. . . I 46.
var. minor Cu. aaa « ID 46,

27

210 P.

digito-radiata GREG. . . : II
var. angustior Grun. . . . IL
var. Cyprinus (E.) W. 8m. . II
var. Seychellensis Ct. é II
var. striolata Grun.. . . . IL

digrediens A. 8. I

dilatata E.. . . I 69,

diplosticta GRUN. . . 2...

directa (W. Sm.). . . II
var. angusta Grun.... II
var. genuina CL.. : , II
var. Incus (GRuN.) . - . Il
var. Javanica CL. oa ce a
var. remota GRUN. . . Il
var, subtilis GREG. ... II

dirhynchus E. . . on. U0

Dirhombus A. 8. kgtyt: Eel

discernenda Pant. . Il

discrepans A. 8. oe I

Disculus Scuum. : Il

dispar Scuum. . .

dispersa Grove & St... .. I

dissimilis W. Sm. be Il

distans (W. Sm.) . rae II
var. borealis Gaun.. . . . IL

distenta A. S... II

(brevis var. ?) distoma forma
angustior GRun.. .. .. I
forma latior Grun. . . IT

divergens ALS... ax 1

(FS). vss Hl
forma minor . I
var. elliptica Grun.. .. . TI

var. prolongata BRUN & Per. II
var. undulata Per. & Hire. II

divergentissima GRUN.. . II
diversa GREV.. . be Seem ale
Déczyi Pant. . : . I
Doljensis Pant. . . . . I
Donkinit A. 8... . aie. val
dubia E. . I
Dubravicensis Grun. sales II
duplex Pant... 1... 4. I
Durandii Kitton. ...... II
var. intermedia . F ; AT
var. rhomboides Castr. . I
egena ALS... . 2. ees
geria PANT... . .. II
Egyptiaca GRev. 5.6 al
elata Lrup.-F. IL 97,
elegans W. Sm. I 59, IL

var. cuspidata Ch... . . I
Elesdiana Panr.
apices W. Sm.

Ke

WwW

I
I
I
var. fossilis Pant. I
var. grandis GRUN. ae
var. minor GRuN.. . . I
var. minutissima GRUN. I
elongata Grun. i I
elongatula Pant. I
I

Entomon E. oe a aS
Epsilon Ch... . cee se SE
erosa CL.. . io i + « Lf
Erythraea Grun. bt) a
Esoculus Scuum. ...... TI
Eta Ch... . a ULE
excavata A. S. ae : Tt
> GREV.. . . 2, dD:
var. angelorum CL... . II
var. mesoleia GRUN.. . II
excentrica GRUN. ae
exemta A. 8. I 8&6,
exigua Grea... . .. . ID

exilis Ke. ae eee Il
exilissima GRUN. ...... II
expedita A.S. ... ; d]
expleta A.S.. 2... I
> var. Domblittensis

GRUN. : $- deoGh ae Lib
Exsul A. 8. II 37,
Eudoxia A. 8. gh
Eugenia A. 8. 1
Hugeniae Cu. . I
Falaisensis Grun. 2 II

var.? lanceola Grun.. ... II
fallax Ch... ... I
Famelica Castr. . . 4 I
fasciata Lerst. ; I
Febigerii Ch... ...... II
Fenzlii Gron.. : I
filiformis Pant... . I

Finmarchica Cu. & GRUN. Il
jirma Ke! bo Sag OE
var. major GRuN. . I
var. subampliata Gruy... I
var. twmescens GRUN. I

I

Fischeri A.S. 2... 2... I
Fistula A. 8S... . f.jpeag 2a,
Flamma A. 8. oar II
Flammula A.S. .... . IE
flanatica Grun.. .. .. TI
Flattti Pant... 2... io
(Hsox. var. ?) FlorentinaGrun. II
(Diadesmis) Flotowii Grun.. . I
fluitans Brun. . « IE 3%,
fluminensis Grun. . . + I
var. Floridana Cu. . . II
var. Kerguelensis Guy... IL
var. minor GRUN. . shine gus AL
Férarmensis Grun... . . II
Foliola Temp. & Brun. . I
Follis BE... : II
Sfonticola GRuN.... 0. I
fontinalis Grun. mash I
forcipata GREV. .. « TE
var. balnearis lar ae 7 II
var. densestriata A. II
var. minor... oor EL,
var. nummularia Grev. ego ou
var. nummularoides Grun. II
var. punctata Ch. . . II
var. suborbicularis Grun. II

~ var. versicolor GRuN. «AT
Formenterae CL.. . 4 . OU
Formica E. . : bh eee AEE
Sormicina GRun. eae,
formosa GBEG. . 15%,
var. fossilis Pant. . 2 eal
fortis GREG... fay eee hol ET,
>» AS... , i
fortis var.? opima Gruy. . II
fortunata Leup-F. .. .. . I
fossilis EB. ... 2... eit AE
‘fraudulenta A.S. ... II

Frauenfeldii Groun.
(latissima Grea. var. ?) Fuchsit
Pant... .. I
fulva Nrrzscu I
fusca Donk. .. 1... . I
>» GREG... fk Pe
var. delicata A. sg. I
var. excisa ALS... . I
var. permagna Panr. I
fuscata Scuum....... I
fusiformis GRUN. ..... I
var. ostrearia GAILLON. . I
fusioides Grun. I 406,

133.

T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

futilis A.B... ee I
Galapagensis Cu.. .... I
var. Japonica Cu. . io oo
Galea BRuN. . 2. 7 ee ee II
Galikii Pant... . 2... II
(Gastrum var. ?) Galikii Pant. II
Gamma CL... . : II
var. rectilineata Cu... . . II
Garkeana (GRuN.) i Be I
gastroides Gree. . .... II
Gastrum E...... . Il
forma minor. ... .. II
var. Anglica Gaun. .. IL
var. Boryana PANT. ... . II
var. exigua GREG. . a ag eT
var. Jenisseyensis GRuN. II
var. latiuscula Grun. . . IT
var. Placentula. .... I
var. Styriaca Grun.. . . II
var. Upsalensis Grun. . . II
gelida Grun. ....... II
var.? subimpressa ue) . I
var.? tenuis Ch... . . I
gemina E. I
var. densestriata A. 8. I
var. egena A. 8. I
gemmata GREV. : I
var. biseriata GRUN, I
var. fossilis Pant. . ... I
var. mediterranea GRUN. I
var. spectabilis . I
gemmatula Cu. I
> GRUN. . ‘ I
genifera A. 8S... oe II
gentilis Donk. ...... II
(Rhoiconeis) genuflexa Ke. . . II
gibba BE... plan du volt
9 WV Hee ee see ee SS II
var. brevistriata Grun. . . II
forma curta Bueisca . . II
var. hyalina Per. & Hér.. II
gibba 8 Peckii Grun. . II
gibberula Ke. . ee
gibbula Ch... 2. re I
var. capitata Lerst. ... I
var. oblonga Lerst.. . .. I
Gibeliti ALS... ww, I
GAGS Ws ae ee ee tee ae II
glacialis ial et eens I
var. septentrionalis Cu. I 41,
glebiceps GREG... . 1... II
> Lerst... ... II
var. crassior Grun. ... II
gloriosa Brun... . iJ
var. inflata Brun. .... I
Goésii Ch. wo. ee, . It
gomphonemacea Grun. ... II
Gorjanovictt Pant... . . . I
var. major . . oie CD
Gotlandica Grun. .. ... II
gracilis EF. ...... iL
var. Schizonemoides V Hox II
graeetine: AS. . . Il
GREG... . II

Graefes GRUN. 2... I
granulata Bai. ..... II
granulata BruB. .. ... II
var. Javanica Levp.-F. . II
Granum Scuum. ...... I
Granum avenae Scuum.. .. I
grata Pant... 2... II

gregaria Donk. ....... I
var. Thurholmensis Danner... I
Gregorit Raurs.. . .. II
II

Gregoryana GREV.

KONGL. SV. VET.
Grevillei Donk... .. 2... I 101.
(Schizon. Libellus) Grevillei Ac. I 152.
Groenlandica Cu... II 98.
Grovei Ct. : ... IL 45.
Grindleri A. 8. . ¢- 189:
> CL. & GRun. ... Il 51.
var. symmetrica Cu. » a (IL, 1,
Grunowii O'MEA . sig chs IT 59.
> RBH ws ae ew 8 I 99.
Guinardiana Brun. .... I 85.
Gurovit Pant. . 2... Il 20.
guttata GRUN.. . .... Ir 34.
var. maxima Cb. ..... II 35.
var.? Peragalli (Brun.). . . II 35.
Gutvinskit Pant... 1... Il 91.
Hahnii Petr. . 2... 1... T 133.
H. album CL. . . Stee by
halionata Pant... ..... II 68.
var. directa Pant... ... II 69.
var. minor Pant. ..... II 69.
var. robusta (PANT.). . . II 69.
halophila Grun...... . 1 109.
(Libellus) hamulifera Grun. . I 154.
var. interrupta CL. .. . I 154.
Hanthenii Pant. ...... I 91.
Haradaae Panr. ...... I 129.
Hasta Pant. .. . . Il 25.
Haucktti Cu. . 2... I 54.
Haueri GRUN......... Il 18.
Haynaldi Pant. .. 1... I 88.
Haytiana Troan & Wirt... II 55.
Hazslinszkyi Pant... . I 52.
Hebes Ratrs ...... IT 54.
Heerii Pant. . 2... 1 84.
hes ete Bee BS secre) Gel ard II 86.
A (ce ee Il 85.
var. Bielawskii Hér. & Per. II 8b.
Hennedyi W. Sm. ... II 57, 60.
forma bacillifera (Pant.). . II 57.
vay. abnorm. . 6. we Ir 58.
var. Californica Grev.... II 58.
var. caliginosa CL. & Grove II 59.
var. Centraster CL. . Il 58.
var. circumsecta GRUN. . I 58.
var. clavata (GREG.). . . . II 61.
var. constricta Perir ... II 59.
var. controversa A. 8... II 60.
var. cuneata A. 8.. ... ID 59.
var. difficilis Panv. Ir 59.
var. finitima JAN. ..... Il 58.
var. fossilis Pant. Tr 48, 64.
var. granulata Grun. ... II 58.
var. > OM..... IL 62.
var. manca A. S. . : Ir 58.
var. maxima CL. . . a GE -B8;
var. minuta Cu.. .... IT 59.
var. Neapolitana Ch... . . II 58,
var. nebulosa GREG... . Ir 58.
var. Niceensis Perag.. . . II 62.
var. Schleinitzii (Jan.). . . II 58.
var. Tahitensis CL. ... II 59.
var. tenuistriata. ..... Il 58.
var. undulata CL. .... Il 58.
Heribaudi Pur... . ... I 58.
heroina A.S.... Ir 89.
heteroflexa Pant. i ... 1107.
var. constricta Pant. .. I 107.
var. minor Pant. ..... I 107.
Heufleri Groy. . a» ae ABE TG
Heufleriana GRUN.. . . . . I 130.
Hevesensis Pant. ...... I WO.
Hibernica OMpa... .. II 62.
hilarula Pant. . . 1 ss I 91.
Hilseana Jan. 2. 2 ee Il 75

Hitcheockii E. . .« : I

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Hochstetteri Grun. ..... I
var. placita Grove & Sr. I
Hoffmannii Panz.. ent ag El
Holmiensis Cu... oak
Holstii Ch... 2. I
(maxima var.?) Holubyi Pant. I
hordeiformis Pant... .. . Il
Hlornigit Pant... 2... 1
Horvathii Grun. . . . . I
Hospes A.8........ I
(Deploneis) Hudsonis Grun.. I
humerosa Brig... ... . IT
var. constricta ...... II
var. elongata Pant... .. II
var. Fuchsii (Pant.) . aca DLE
humilis Donk. ....... II
Hungarica Grun. I 189, II
var. capitata (E.) . . . se LE
var. Liineburgensis Grun. II
hyalina Donk. «1... 0... I
(Libellus) Hyalosira Ch. . . . I
hybrida Hur. & PER. . IL.
hyperborea GRUN.. ..... I
Hyrtlii Pant... . 0... OTT
ignobilis Pant. ....... I
illustra Pant... ... II
imperfecta Ch. .... . It
impleta Cu. & Grove .... I
impressa Lerst. ... . II
> Grun. se ley II
inaequalis Ho. 2. I
inaequilatera Lerst. .... I
incerta GRUN.. ...... Il
includens Pant... ... Paes |
incomperta LEwIs . . 4
? inconspicua GREG... . I
incudiformis GRUN. . Ss Behl
inculta Pant... . gk
incurva var. minuta Gutw. . I
incurvata GREG... . 1... I
Incus Gaun. . 2... ee II
var. abbreviata Grun. . . II
Index Temp. & BR... .. I
Indica Grev.. . ~ AE
inelegans GROVE & Sr. . : eT
infrma GRUN........ I
inflata Donk ....... I
> Bee eee ee ee ea
inflexa GREG. ..... Ir 31,
var. Biharensis Pant... . II
inhalata A. 8... 0... I
var.? Biharensis Panr.. . IT
var. lanceolata Ch. .... II
inornata GRuN. a I 106,
instabilis A. SS... 1... II
integra W. Sm... ww. . I
intercedens A. 8. I

interlineata Grove & ‘Sr. II 37,
intermedia LeRst.. . . . II
interposita LEWIS .
interrupta Ke... . . ‘
> W.SmM....... I
var. fossilis Pant.
var. Novae Zelandiae A. 8.
var. Tallyana Grun.
var. Zanzibarica GRunN.
Tridis E.
Tridis var. amphigomphus E.
var. amphirhynchus E.
var. dubia er, VB eee
var. producta. . . 1...
irregularis Pant.
irrorata GREV. .
var. Ceylanica CL. . Il
var. elliptica Cu. ry

HHH HHH

BAND 2%. w:o 3. 211
135. var. fossilis Pant. II 7,
135. var. Mexicana Ot. . 3 aE

23. var. substauroneiformis II
58. Jamaicensis GRrv. ..... I
62. Jamalinensis Cu. Be Il
54. var. Schizostauron Cu. . II
22. var. simiaevultus (Brun). . II
98. Janischiana Rsu.. . I
52. Janischii CastR. . ... I
94. jejuna ALS... II
80. Jelineckii_ Grun. II
43. Jennerii W. Sm. I
43. Jentzschii Grun. II
44, Jimboi Panr. . ‘ a.
48. Johnsoniana GREV. ..... I
16. Johnsonit (W. Sm.) .. 1... I
16. var. Belgica H. V. Hex... I
16. Jota Cu. ko eee aoe I
WG, “GUGata Clie ce 22 gy eae ea I
80. Julient Hin. & Brun. ... I
153. Kalfvensis Grun. M. 8S. 3 a
85. Kamorthensis Grun. .... IL
95. Kanitzii Pant. I
92. Kappa Ci. 6 ke es I
133. Kariana Grun. ...... II
59. var. curta Ch. 1... we II
25. var. detersa GRUN.. ... .- Il
71. var. frigida (GRUN.) II
30. Kefvingensis BE. ...... Il
50. Kellerit Pantie 1 ww. II
165. Kepesii Grun.. ...... Il
161. Kerguelensis CastR.. . . . . Il
26. Kinkeri Pant . 1 66, II
70. ~Kinkeriana Truan yoke ed
123. Kittoniana A. 8. II
124. Kjellmanii Cu... 2... I
28. var. subconstricta I
107. Kochii Pant. . .. . . II
70. Kossuthii Pant.. I
84. Kotschyana Grun. I
27. Kootschyii Groun. I
28. Krockii Grun. II
25. Kryokonites CL... . I
62. var. semiperfecta Cu. I
145. var. subprotracta CL, I
133. ? var. Wankaremae Ct. I
189. kriophila Cu... ww ee I
16. var.? gelida Cu. . mide ak
32. Kiitzingiana H. L. Suita . . I
31. Kiitzingii Grun. ..... I
57. (Alloioneis?) Kurzii Grun. I
57. laciniosa A.S. . 1. we, I
57. lacrimans A. 8.. > (ab
133. var. fossilis Pant. wk (LE
85. Lacunarum Gron. : I
141. lacustris reek I 134, II
65. > ee : « AE
50. Ladogensis or ae Sao a I
80. laevissima Ke. : I
123. Lagerheimii Ch... . I
84. Lagerstedtii CL. . I
76. Lambda Ct. . I
84. lanceolata Ke. . F Il
84. > W.s.... I
84. var. arenaria Donk. . . a
84. var. Cymbula Donx. Il
69. var. hordeiformis II
69. var.? latior (DANNF.). II
68. var. phyllepta Ke. II
70. var. tenella (BREB.) Il
69. Lancettula Scuvum. II
29. lata (BREB.). 3 II
56. lata Bres. var. minor Pr.
56. & Hep... cer : I
56. latefasciata Grun. I

212

latevittata Pant : ite SE
latissima GREG... . . II
var. capitata Pant. . . . II
var. elongata (PANT.) . I
var. minor Pant. . . II
latiuscula Ke. ‘ See aa Salt
lauta GRUN. . eS . II
Legumen E. . ee SEE
forma vix undulata Il
lepida Gree. . . wl. COT
lepidula Grun. . . iT
leptocephala Bris. II
leptogongyla (E.) Grun. I 137, Il
leptosoma Grun. .. Il
leptostigma E. : Se ae a
Letourneurit Pant. . ... II
Leudugerit Ch... .. «TI
Lewisiana GRev. i I
Libellus GreG. .... ae |
Liber W. Sm... . oe Sa
liburnica Grun.. . I 57,
limicola Ch... ...... II
limitanea A. 8. I
limosa Ke. . . I
var. curta Grun. I
var. genuina GRun..... I
var. gibberula Grun. [
var. inflata Grun.. . I
var. subinflata Grun. I
var. undulata Grun. I
linearis GrRun. : I
lineata Donk... .. . I
Lineola Grun. . I
var. perlepida GRUN. . patie ee. Oak
lineolata E. . . I 122, 11
litoralis Donx. = cee. be I
var. subtilis A. 8... I
lobata GrovE & St. . II
>» Scuwartz.... i
Léczyi Pant. II
longa GREG. .. 1. e I
longiceps GREG... . . I
Lorenziana Grun. . I
lucida Pant. I
lucidula . . . I
(Diadesmis) lucidula Gaun. . . I
luculenta A. 8S... . arias LEM
Ludloviana A. 3. rae ‘ II
lumen PERAG.. . . . EL
Lundstrémii CL... 3 i I
var. Frieseana Grow. z= 7
Lunula Ch. . . ae ; II
Lunyaceeki Pant... 2... I
luxuriosa GREV.. .... I
var. cuneata BRUN. .... I
Lyra E. .. . ee oe
ware BeBe a. a m4 a» AL
var. abrupta GREG. . II
var. acuta Pant. on SCE
var. atlantica A. S. . . II 61,
var. connectens GRun.. . . IL
var. denudata Grun. M. 8.. II
var. dilatata A. S. . noe OLE
forma perpusilla Pawr. . II
var. Ehrenbergii Cu. . oe a
var. elliptica A.S. . ... II
forma bullata Norm... . II
var. Hungarica Paw. . II
var. insignis A.S. ..... II
var. producta Pant. . . I
var. recta GREV.. ..... II
forma abnormis A. S. . . II
forma fornicata A. S. .. II
var. Robertsiana GREv. . II
forma bullata Cu. . >

var.? seductilis (A. 8.). . II 64.
var. signata A. 8... Il 64.
var. subcarinata Grun. .. II 64.
var. subelliptica Cu. .. II 64.
var. Zanzibarica GRev. . II 64.
macra GRUN. .... .. TL 74.
Macracana Pant... . Il 7.
macromphala Scuum. ... . Il 24.
macula GREG... : Tr 179.
maculata Baru. . ... IL 46.
var. Caribaea CL. . . . ID 46.
maculosa DonkK ....... Ir 19.
Madagascarensis Cu. . ... I 59,
maeandrina Ch. .... . It 42,
major Ke. ...... Tr 89, 91
var. andesitica Pant. .. II 89.
var. horrida Hin. & Per. . II 90.
mammalis CastR.. ..... I 60.
Mantichora Pant.. . .. 1 100,
Margarita AS. 2... .. I 88.
margaritifera Pant... ... I 87.
> Truan & Wirt II 49.
marginata Lewis ...... I 30.

margino-lineata Grove & St. I 665.
margino-punctata Grove & St. 1 65.

marginulata Ch... . . . Il TU.
marina Jan. & RBH... . II 160.

> RaLFs . ee . I 47.
oe Pant... . I 123.
mastogloidea Pant. «iL, 82,
Mauleri Brun ....... I 98.
maxima GREG. I 54, 55.

var. Asiatica Temp. & ‘BRUN I 55.

var. umbilicata Grun.. . . I 55.
mediterranea Br. & Cu. . IL 83.
> GrRun. I 88, 33.

» Ke. . Se a ST 233;
megaloptera (E.) ...... Ir 81.
megastauros CL. . . . IL 68.
menilitica Pant. 3 ool
Menisculus Scnum. ... . II 18.
var. Upsalensis GRun. . I 18.
Meniscus Scoum. .. .. II 18.
mesoleia Ch. . . . It 74.
mesolepta BE. . ...... Ir 76.
var. a genuina GRrun. . II 76.
var. 8 producta Grun. . II 76.
var. Boryana Pant. ... IL 7%.
imezolgia Scnum. . .. . Il 74.
AS... 6 «TD 76;
jileesceiitals Grun. ... Il 4.
microrhynchus GRUN. . . I 109.
> Pant. . I 109.
microtatos Pant. ...... I 96.
Mikado Pant. ....... Il 60.
minima GRunN...... I 128.
var. atomoides GRuN. -. I 128.
minor GREG. ... . ‘ Il 71.
minuscula Grun. . . Soa aN As
var. Bahusiensis Grow. . I 4
minutissima GRUN...... I 128.
minutula W.SmM....... II 65.
mirabilis CastR = gw ww wis I 97.
> Leup.-F. I 66.
forma intermedia Ct. . I 65.
Mocsarensis Panv. . I 135.
modesta GRUN. ..... Il 88.
moesta A.S. 1... 0... I 89.
molaris GRUN. . . 74.
(Schizonema) mollis Ww. Si) TI 26.
monilifera Cu. . Il 43.
var. heterosticha Cr... Il 48.
Monmouthiana Grun. T 134, 164.
(Alloioneis) Monodon Brun. . II 35.
Mormonorum Grun.. . . Il 78.

P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

multicostata GRUN. . 1 102.
multiseriata GRUN. ..... Il 36.
munda JAN. 2. 1. awe I 82.
muralis GRUN. . : .. I 3B.
Musca Donk. be pica I 83.
> GREG. . . .. I 665.
var. intermedia A. 8. I 665.
muscaeformis GRUN. . I 83.
> Pant... ... I 66.
mutica Ke. .~. .. 1... I 129.
» 2 .0:) ; Ce ee It 14.
forma Cohnii Hise I 129.
forma Goppertiana BLEIscH. I 129.
forma producta Grun. . . . I 129.
forma ventricosa Ke. I 129.
var. Cohnit (H1usz) . I 129.
var. Goppertiana (BLEISCH) I 129.
var. Legumen Ch... .. . I 180.
forma undulata HinsE . I 180.
var. Peguana GRUN. I 130.
var. undulata HiLse I 180.
var. ventricosa (KG.) I 130.
MY, Clits. 3 he hades Be Il 42.
Naveana Grun.... ... IL 7%.
navigans Brun... ... . I 100.
nebulosa GREG. I 135, II 58.
neogena Pant. .. .... I 52.
Neogradensis (PANT.). .... Il 40.
Neumayeri Jan... vo eS SR DOT
> PANTS: 04-0 ay ae ss Il 42.
Neupauert Pant... . I 49.
Niceensis PErac. ‘ II 36.
Nicobarica Grun. foe sg I 7.
(Schizonema) nidulans Ct. . ID 26.
nigricans Pant... . I 93.
nitescens GREG. . be Ay hs dt OTs
var. fossilis Pant. . . I 97.
var. Fuegiana Petir ... I 97.
nitida W. SM. . ..... I 100.
nivalis E.. ..... I 180, II 38.
nobilis (E.) Ke... .. .. Il 92.
var. neogena Grun.... IL 93.
nodosa E. ......... Il 87.
nodulosa (BriB.) Ke. forma. I 77.
Northumbrica Donk... .... Il 31.
notabilis Pant. ...... Ir 19.
> GREV.. . : . IT 93.
var. eapleta A. Bi hie dhs a2 I 93.
notata M. Prrac. & HEr. Il 78.
n. sp. LEwis .. . » . 1 128.
Novae Guineaensis TEMP. .. Il 50.
nubicola GRuN....... I 53.
nuda Pant... ....... I 106.
nummularia GRev. . .. . IL 66.
ING CLis ge yo Se a ae Ss I 7.
Oamaruensis GRUN. . . Tl 57.
obliqua (GREG.) ......, I 130.
oblique-striata A.S. . .. I 69.
oblonga Ke... ......., Il 21.
var. acuminata GRun. Ir 21.
var. lanceolata Grun. ... II 2i.
var. nodulosa Grun..... IL 21.
oblongella Grun. I 128.
> NAEGELI..... I 98.
(Rhoiconeis) obtusa Cu. oe TEL 29:
obtusa W. Sm... . I 54.
occidentalis Cu. I 134.
oculata Bris. . I 92.
olivacea Leup.-F. . It 161.
O’Mearii Grun. . .. I 102, 111.
var. Labuensis Cu. I 123.
var. minor Cu. I 111.
Omega Cu. Il 46.
Omicron Cu. . ‘ Il 46.
ophiocephala Cu. & Grove - I 66.

KONGL. SV. VET.
opima Grun. . 1... Il 35.
regonica EB. I 57.
ornata A. S. . I 102.
var. spirifera ALS. .. 1 102.
Orphei Pant... . 1... II 158.
oscitans A. 8... 2... Il 49.
var. subundulata ..... Ir 49.
Ostracodarum Pant. I 92.
ostrearia TuRP. . . . I 106.
Oswaldi Jan. ... . II 60.
ovalis Hise .. 1... I 92.
Din) Wha ISM cee as se coe ep G8 So ho I 92.
var. fossilis Pant. I 93.
var. pumila GrRun. age A OR:
oviformis ChL......... Il 24.
Ovulum A.B. 2... IL 185.
> GRuN. ...... I 94.
oxeia CASTR. .. 1... ..., I 154.
pachycephala RBu. II 188.
pachyptera (E.) . Il 81.
pacifica GRUN. .... Il 36.
palpebralis Bris. . . . . It 70.
var. angulosa Gree... . . II 70.
var. Barceyana (GREG.). II 70.
var. Botteriana (Grun.) Il 71.
forma minor (GRUN.) sabk EL
var. minor GRUN...... II 71.
var. obtusa I 71.
var. semiplena ..... IL 70.
Paludinarum Pant... ... 1 194.
var. gracilior Pant... . . 1194.
Pandura Brg... .... I 100.
Pangeroni Urvup.-F. I 110.
pannonica GRUN. Ir 6.
Papula A. 8. : I 85.
parallela Castr.. . I 56.
parallelistriata Pant. : I 107.
parca A.B... 0. ee I 81.
var. producta Pant. . I 95.
paripinnata Pant. II 92.
Parmula Bris. . . I 92.
parvula H. L. Surra Tr 150.
> Rabrs ....... II 87.
patula W.Sm ...,... I 61.
pavida Pant... ...... I 60.
edalis BRUN........ I 91.
Peeaiia GRuN...... I 70.
Pelagi AS. 2. ee eee I 93.
pelliculosa (BRHB.) Hise . Ir 3.
pennata A. S... . I1 31, 32.
var. Kinkeri (Panr.) . Il 33.
var. maxima Cu. ‘ Il 33.
Pensacolae Cu. ee oe ® OL
Peragalli Brun. ...... II 35.
perducta Pant. Ir 158.
peregrina E. ........ Ir 18.
var. Caleuttensis Grun. . . II 18.
var. Kefvingensis E.... . . II 18.
var. Menisculus Scuum. II 18, 24.
var. Meniscus Scum. II 18.
var. polaris (LeRst.) . I 18.
perfecta Pant. . Ir 56.
var. Letourneurii (Panr.) . II 56.
peripunctata Brun... .. . Ir 87.
perlepida GruN. ...... I 107.
perlonga Pant. I 56.
‘permagna RaLFs I 59.
perpusilla Grun. I 133.
Perrotettii Grun. ...... I 110.
pervasta Pang. . 2.1... I 104.
elitiana GRUN.. ..... I 64.
‘Epronuna 0. Wirt... .. I 96.
Phalangium Pant. .. IL 69.
Phii Obs: 2. ob AS II 34
II 22.

phyllepta Ke. .

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Gere laciets) Plgihades E. I 148.
Chee aw as 8 Il 50.
irae Pant. . .. IL 33.
Pinnularia Cu... . | Il 95.
var. asymmetrica Cu. II 96.
var. Baltica Grun. Il 95.
var. interrupta Ch. . . Il 95.
var. Seychellensis Grun.. II 95.
var. Séderlundii Cu. Ir 95.
var. subproducta Grun. . . II 96.
var. Tahitensis Grun. Il 95.
Placenta FE... 1... 1... Il 4.
Placentula E. . 1136, II 23.
var. lanceolata (GRUN.) . Il 23.
placida A. 8S... ' 83.
placita Grove & Sr. I 135.
plagiostoma GRUN. ..... Ir 49.
Platessa Ch... . ; . ID 36.
platystoma E......... Ir 24.
var. Bengalensis Grun. M.S. II 24.
(Libellus) plicata Donk. . I 154.
var. Sumatrana Cu. ... I 164,
plicatula Gruwn. M.S. . . I 155.
polaris Lerst. II 18.
polita Brun... . I 102.
polygibba Pant. I 135.
polygona Brun. I 71.
polyonca BREB. II 76.
polysticta A. §.. II 58.
> GREV. Ir 48.
var. circumsecta Grun. Ir 68.
porto-montana Cp. I 112.
Powellii Lewis... .... I 68.
var. Galapagensis Cu. I 63.
praeclara Pant. . I 92.
praeflua Pant. I 94.
praesecta A.B... . Il 70.
Praestes A. 8. I 87.
praetexta E. Ir 55.
var. abnormis CL. . Il 55.
var. abundans A. S.. . Ir 565.
var. Haytiana (TRUAN &
WITT) es ee ye II 55.
var. Lunyaczeki (Pant.) . . II 56.
pressa PANT. .. 6... . Il 18.
primordialis Pant. II 29.
prisa A.S. 2. 1... I 103.
pristiophora JAN. «1... I 99.
probabilis A. §8.. I 56.
‘procera Pant... . Il 79.
producta W. Sm. ...... I 69.
prominula A. 8. I 88.
propingua A. §.. I 95.
Proserpinae Pane. TI 82.
protracta Grun.... ; I 140.
forma minor Pant... . I 109.
var. maxima Cu. ; I 140.
proxima JAN... 2... II 62.
pseudo-aspera Pant. . I 191.
pseudo-bacillam Groun. I 187.
pseudofusca Pant. ; I 98.
ieidogimuaia Pant... I 99.
Puella A.S. 2... ... I 84, 88.
> ae sok aa 3 I 92.
pulchra Gree. ... 1... Ir 41.
pumila Grun. var. fossilis
Panty gon ee Yo ee R & Tr 14.
punctata var. asymmetrica
WbGRSP. oe elms ae a Il 45.
punctulata E.. .. 1... II 7.
punctulata W. Sm. Tr 40, 47.
var. Cluthensis Grec. . .. II 47.
var. Finmarchica Grun. Ir 47.
var. Novae Zealandiae Grun. II 47.

BAND 27.

n:0 3. 213
var. pagophila Grun. .. II
var. striolata Grun. II
Pupula Ke. . I
var. bacillaroides Gren. eal
var. genuina GRUN... . I
var. rectangularis Grun. . I
pusilla W. Sm. Suck hod Il
> Donk. . » « ID
var. Jamalinensis Gru. ‘ Il
var. lanceolata Grun. . .. II
var. Spitzbergensis Grun. II
Posio Ch. 2k es eee II
pygmaea Ke. ..... x ID
var. balnearis Grun. . . II
pyrenaica W. S8m.... .. II
quadrata GREG... ..... I
quadratarea A. 8... . II
quadrilineata Grun.. ... I
quadriseriata Ct. & Grun.. . I
quadrisulcata Grun.. . . 1
Quarnerensis Grun. M. S. I
Quarnerensis var. dilatata
Perit. . II
Quincunx CL...... ‘ II
quinquenodis Grun... .. I
Rabenhorstii Grun. se oa SEL
radiosa. ..... I 164, Il
var. Dubravicensis Grun. . II
var. minutissima GRUN. . II
var. subrostrata Cu... . II
var. tenella BREB.. ... . II
Raéana CastR. ....... II
(Schizonema) ramosissima (C.
AGE) ae Ba. % I 106, II
forma amplia Grun.. .. . II
forma Caspia (GrRuN.) . ID
forma genuina Ch... . . II
ramphoides Pant. : : I
Rattrayi Pant... . . . . II
recta Brun & Hr. bo I
rectanguiata Greg. .... II
regula GRuN. & CL. . . II
Reichardtii Grun.. . Il
var. Tschuktschorum Ch. . . Il
Reinhardtii (Grun.) x 4 AL
var. gracilior Grun. ... II
var. Jenisseyensis Grun.. . II
Reinickeana Rew... ... I
residua A.S... 2... I
restituta A.S. .... 3s LL
reticulata GRUN. . . I
reticulo-radiata TEMP. & Br. Il
retusa BRB. Sonia ee AL
& (GRUNE bc By xe II 30,
var. subretusa Grun. . . . II
Reusii Pant. . . « « ID
Rhaphoneis (E.) GRun. . 6 45 oe SEE
Rho Cu. . GO Test teens as ans
rhombica GREG. . I 153, II
(Libellus) rhombica Gree. oo a
var. Japonica (BRuN) ... I
rhomboides E. ...... I
Rhombulus Scuum. . . . I
Rhombus Petir....... II
rhynchocephala Ke. ..... Il
var. amphiceros (Ke.) . . . IL
var. rostellata ...... II
rimosa GREV.. .... II 57,
Riojae Cu. . . és I
Ro ertsoniana Grev. .... Il
robusta GRuN.. ems 2
» Pant. es ane aay JED
rostellata GREG... .... II
> WEG sci sera ae aw Il

214 Pp. T.

Rostellum W. Sm..
rostrata BE... Seat ald
> W. Sm..

Rotaeana (RaB.) GRUN. .

var. excentrica GRUN. .

var. oblongella GRun. I 128,
Rovignensis Grun.
rudis Ch... ...
rugosa JAN.. wae &
rupestris HTZscH.. .....
salva A. 8. BOE eis ak
salinarum GRUN.. ... bane

var. intermedia GRUN. . .
Sambiensis Scuum.
Samoensis GRUN.
Sandriana Gron.

var. laevis Cu.
Sansegana Grun.
satura A.S.. .......4.
Saugerri Desmaz.. .... .

var. striis tenuioribus. . .
(Alloioneis) scalarifer Brun.
Scalprum Gay. & TuRP.. .
Scandinavica Lerst.... .
Schaarschmidtii Pant... . .
Schleinitzii (Jan.). .
Schmidtiana Grun.
Schmidtii Lersr. :
Schneiderit Grun.......
Schultzii Karn ak wd

var. Californica CL... . .

var. Marylandica Ct.
Schumanniana Grun.... .
Schweinfurtit A. 8...
scintillans A. 8S. ..

> Tremp. & Br.

scita W. Sm. . .
Scoliopleura A. 8. .
Scopulorum Bris... . ;

var. Belgica H. V. Her. ee

var. fasciculata GRUN.

var. perlonga Brun ‘
Scotica A.S.. 2... 2...
sculpta BE.
scutelloides W. Sm. :

var. minutissima CL.. .

var. Mocarensis GRuUN... .
Scutellum O’'MzEa .
scutiformis GRUN. . .
Scutum (ScHum.?)...
Scythica Pant.
secernenda A. 8. eA
sectilis A.S..... 4

var. rag ae Pant... ..
seductilis A. S.. .

var, PERAG. .
sejuncta A. 8. . .
Semen E......
semicruciata E.
(Diadesmis) seminoides CL. &

GROVE
Seminulum Grun... . eek

var. fragilarioides Grun.. .
semiplena Donk. i
semitecta A. 8S.
separabilis A. 8.
serians BREB. . ik

var. minima GRUN. yds

var. minor GRUN.. ....

var. thermalis GRun.
seriosa ‘Pant. :
serratula GRuN. . -—
(Rhoiconeis) Sibirica GRoun. . r

var. asymmetrica Cu.

var. Mediterranea Cu.

Ww 4.

sideralis Brun... I 100.
Sieboldiit Pant. . . . I 193.
Sigma Brun TI 34.
Silicula E. I 51.
> GRUN. I 51, 187.
Sillimanorum E. . . . Il 85.
Simbirskiana Pant... . II 70.
Simiaevultus Brun... .. . Il 36.
simulans Donk... . . . I 145.
Sinensis E. . T 119.
Slesvicensis GRun. Ir 15.
Smithiti Brie. ......, I 96.
> Donk. ..... . IT 93.
var. borealis GRun. . . . I 96.
forma minor Grun. I 96.
var fusca GREG. I 94.
var. laevis DANnnr. I 96.
var. nitescens GREG. . I 97.
var. suborbicularis GREG. I 81.
solaris GREG. . . ae Ir 32.
solida Ch... . Il 71.
sparsipunctata GROVE & Sr. Ir 50.
spathifera GRovE & Sv... II 98.
spathula Brun. I 60.
sp. Larst. ‘ : I 141.
spectabilis Gree... . . Ir 60.
> GRUN.... I 99.
forma Mélleriana Jan. Ir 60.
var. abbreviata Cu. Il 60.
var. Angelorum CL. Ir 60.
var. bullata Cu. é Il 60.
var. controversa (A. 8.) II 60.
var. emarginata CL. II 60.
var. excavata GREV. Ir 61.
var. Hungarica Pant. Ir 61.
var. Madagascarensis Ct.. II 60.
var. maxima Cu. . Ir 60.
var. Rattrayi Pant... . II 60.
spectatissima GREV. . I al.
sphaerophora Donk. . I 110.
> Ke. Il 6.

var. minor. . Il 6.
var. aubonpiiata: GRun. II 6.
Spicula (Hickig) . I 110.
splendida Gree. I 87.
var. arata Pant. I 91.
spuria Cu... ; Tl 31.
var. symmetrica OL. . Il 31.
St. Thomae Cu. Il 36.
Stauroptera GrRun. TI 82, 83.
forma gracilis II 83.
forma parva... Ir 83.
Stercus muscarum Cu... . IL 5d,
Stodderi (GREENL.) . I 110.
var. insignis Grun. M. S. I 110.
stomatophora Grun. Il 83.
strangulata Griv..... . I 80.
Stuxbergit Ch... 1... Il 96.
var. amphiglottis Grun.. II 96.
var. leptostauron Grun. II 96.
var. subcontinua Grun. Il 96.
(Vanheurckia?) StyriacaGrun. I 122.
Styriaca GRun. 2... I 45.
suavis CL. & GROVE I 155.
subalata GRuN. II 36.
subcapitata GREG. . Il 75.
subcincta A. 8. I 86.
subdivisa GRUN. . I 57.
subfusca Pant. . . I 94.
subhamulata Grun. I 138.
subimpressa GRUN. II 29.
var. tenwior Cu. IL 29,
subinflata GRUN. . I 141.
var. elliptica Cu. I 141.
sublinearis GRUN.. . . Il 74.

CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

sublyrata GRUN.. . . Ir 46.
subnuda A. 8. I 81.
var. densestriata . I 82.
suborbicularis Grxc. I 81.
var. Nankoorensis. . I 99.
subrhomboidea Castr. . Il 160.
subsalina DonxK.. . I 58.
(decurrens E. var. ?) subsolaris
Grun. I 84.
var. brevestriata GRUN. Ir 84.
subtilissima Cu. T 141.
subula GRun. . fuss T 183,
subventricosa GRUN.. . 1 62.
sulcata Ch. «4 ¥6 ve & I 110.
> GREV. . I 75.
(Rhoiconeis) superba Cn. Ir 29.
var. elliptica Cu. Il 29.
supergradata Brun I 62.
superimposita A. 8. Ir 34.
Surinamensis Cu. TI 9,
suspecta A.S. . . : I 101,
var. Czekehazensis Pant. I 84,
Szaboi Pant. P30: anes I 131.
Szontaghit Pant. 1 99,
Tabellaria E. II - 84.
> Donk. Tl 91.
V. Hox. Il 83.
iadida RYLANDS I 7.
Tahitensis Grun. I 52.
Taschenbergeri A. 8. I 87, 104.
Tau Cu. I 9.
Temperei BRUN | Ir 98.
tenella A. 8. II 22.
> Brts. . II 17.
var.? fossilis Panr. . I 17.
Termes BE... .. . Il 76.
var. staur cena Il 76.
Theta Cu... : Il 9.
Theelii Cu. . . Il 96.
Thorax Brun . II 8b.
Thumii Pant... 2... I 82,
Thurholmensis Dannr. I 109.
Thuringiaca Ru. . Tl 81.
Thuringica Ke. . I 40.
Torneensis Ct. II 44.
var. Aboensis Ct. Ir 44.
tortuosa Lxrup.-F. I 30.
Toulaae Pant. . . It 44.
transfuga GRuUN.. . TI 48, 565.
forma fossilis Pant. . II 49.
var. Neupaueri (Pant.). II 45, 49.
var. plagiostoma (GRUN.- WI 49.
transitans Ch. . F IL 27.
var. asymmetrica Ch. II 28, 29.
var. derasa GRUN. ‘ Il 28.
forma gracilenta Grun. II 28.
forma minuta . II 28.
var. erosa CL. . Il 28.
var. incudiformis Grun. Il 28.
transversa A. 8. II 90.
transylvanica Panz. . II 85.
var. producta GRUN. . Il 85.
Trevelyana Donk. . Tr 98.
var. Hungarica Pant. . Ir 98.
trigonocephala Cu... . Il 27.
trigramma FrRES. .... . Ir 6.
trilineata Grove & St. I 74.
trinodis ARNOTT II 190.
> Lewis I 53.
> V. How: 6 4 eis I 182.
var. biceps Grun. . I 132.
trinotata Pant. I 187.
triundulata Grun. I %.
Trochus EB... . . . oe be EL
» Scuum........ I 53.

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 2%, wn:o 3. 215

Troglodytes Pant... .... I 140. Wankareme Cu... . I 109. var. Atlantica Grun. II 148.
Troyana Grun.. .... II 88. Wiesneri Panv. . I 84. Barbadensis GREv. . Ir 149.
Truani Payxt.. . .. IL 57. Weissflogii A. S. I 9. var. Nankoorensis Grun. II 149.
truncata Donk... .... II 30. Weisstlogii (Grun.) I 152. var.? a a Brun. II 149.
Tschuktschorum Cu. . .. IL 65. Wilezeckii Grun. .. Il 20. Clevei Groun. : II 148.
tumens W. SM........ 6. Williamsonii O'MgEa. a ois He A884 cocconeiformis GRUN. . II 149.
(Scoliopleura) tumida (Bris.) I 155. Wittii Grun. . . I 638. cribosa GRun. II 149.
var. Adriatica Grun. I 155. Wrightt O’Mza. . gin oT 61; var. . . TI 149.
tumida W. Sm. . . II 22. P6180) (ae ee Ir 41. (Stictoneis) Crucicula Grun. . II 148.
genuina GRUN. . II 22, 41. Yarrensis GRUN.. . . IL 69. (Stictoneis) fimbriata Bricut II 148, 171.
var. lanceolata Grun.. . II 23, 41. var. Americana Cu. ... ID 69. Grovei Cu. ‘ A T 149.
var. subsalsa Grun. . II 19, 22, 41. var. Aradina Pant. . . Il 69. var. rhombica Ct. II 149.
turgidula Pant... ..... 63. var. bituminosa Pant. . It 69. Horvathiana Gron. II 149.
Tuscula KE. . . I 9, 42. var. De Wittiana Kain & Scu. II 69. notata Pant. ..... : TI 151.
var. arata GRoN. . Il 24. var. gracilior Pant... . II 69. Oamarnensis CL... .. .. . II 150.
(Dickieia) ulvacea (BERK ) I 129. var. hevesensis Pant. . . II 70. ovata GRUN. II 156.
undosa E. le Cao a a a I 130. var.? Phalangium Panr. . . II 69. Pethéi Pant... . Il 149.
Undula Scuum..... . Il 78. var. Simbirskiana Pant... II 70. splendida (GRuc.) Ir 148.
vacillans A. 8... ‘ I 95. var. valida Pant... ... Ir 69. Wrightii O’Mza.. . Ir 148.
var. renitens A. 8. wag)! De QO: Ypsilon Ch... .. .. . I 59. Pinnularia E. : go SL Tb:
forma minuta .. I 9. Zanardiniana Grun.... . I 63. Brevistriate. . . II 8.
vagabunda Brun... . . TI 108. Zanzibarica Grey... .. IL 64. Capitate = = = ...... Il 75.
Vahliana Grun. . ‘ II 70. var, A. 8. : Ir 64. Complexe. . Ir 90.
valida Ch. & Grun. .. .. IE 26. var. Zebuana CastrR. . Il 64. Distantes . . ... II 80.
var.? Capensis Ch... . TI 25. Zechentert Pant. . : I 82. Divergentes ... Il 77.
var. minuta Ch... 1... II 25. Zellensis Gun. .... .. ‘I' 7. Gracillime i” Ga Ir 74.
vann A. SS... bite tera IT 89. Zeta Ch. . . 1. . It 42. Majores . .... I 88.
varians GREG. ..... IE 23. var. Mexicana Cu. .... TL 42. Marine... ... : Ir 94.
variolata Ch. . . . . . ‘It 57. Zostereti GRUN. ..... II 29, 31. Tabellariee . bapag oe DE a8L.
Vaszaryi Pant. . II 183. var. Seychellensis Ch. . . . II 381. acrospheria BREB. , . II 86.
Vege Ch... ... ‘ I 111. Navicule. forma genuina, . .... II 86.
var. subconstricta Gron. I 111. Bacillares Ch... . I 136. forma maxima... Ir 86.
velata A. 8. ae I 194. Decipientes GRUN.. ... . I 1388. forma minor... .. II 86.
veneta Ka... . 2... Il 14. Decussate Grun. . .... II 4. var. levis Ch... . .. II 86.
> Scuum. ....... I 108. Entoleie Cu. 5 I 181. var. turgidula Grun. M. 8. II 86.
(Stauroneis) ventricosa Ke. . I 129. Fusiformes Cu. I 105. var. undulata Ch... ... II 86.
ventricosa E. , IT 52. Heterostiche Ch. ...... Il 8. acuminata W. Sm. x a TT 85.
var. Jenisseyensis ‘Gron. I 62. Levistriate CL... 1... Il 66. acuta W. 8M... 2.2... Ir 17.
var. Kjellmaniana Cu. I 52. Lineolate Cu. . Soe took, 710; acutiuscula GREG. .. . II 27.
var. minuta ... 2. - . I 652. luxuriose Ch... . .... I 74, Aistuarii Cp. 2. 2... . Ir 93.
var. subundulata Grun.. . I 52. Lyrate Cu. . .. Il 52. alpina W. Sm.. Ir 81.
var. truncatula Grun.. . . I 52. Mesoleie Cu. ........ I 127. ambigua Cu. ..... “I 30, 94, 141.
Venus Pant. . , I 66. Microstigmatice Cu. . I 141. var. (Amphora) Digitus A. S. IL 95.
venusta Jan. M. 8. Tl 56. Minuscule Ch. ..... Il 3. apiculata Grace... . II 30.
> PANG: a we 4 Be Ss I 64. Nicobarice Cu. ; I 74. appendiculata Ag. . ie ote EE DS
var. intermedia Cu. ... ID 56. Orthostiche CL... . « « 110%, var. Budensis GRUN.. . . TI 75.
venustissima Kirton . . I 57. Punctate ie ore ee TE Be Arramiensis OMEA. . .. I 97.
vernalis Donk. . . : Il 20. Neidium Prirzsr . won I 67. Balfouriana Grun. M.S... . IL 80.
versicolor GRuUN. : , II 66. affine (E.). . I 68. biceps Gree. . . . Il 76.
Vetula A.S..... ..» I 8b. var. amphirhynchus E.. I 68. bistriata (LeuD.-F.) .. . Il 95.
Vidovichit Gron. . ». IT 63. forma major I 68. Bogetensis Grun. Il 83.
virginea Cie sos +« IT 56: forma minor I 68. borealis E. . .. . .. II 80.
viridis Ke... ... ; II 91. var. genuina CL.. . I 68. var. scalaris E. . II 81.
var. commutata GRUN. : II 92. forma maxima. . ». I 69 Brandelii Ch. . oy ae ee E> BB.
var. conifera Brun & Hér. II 93. forma media . .. . I 69. Braunii Grow. . oo Il 75.
var. fossilis Pant: . . » IT 92. forma minor ; I 68. Brebissoni Ke. . . IL 7,
var. icostauron Grun. .. II 98. var. longiceps Gruc.. ... I 68. var. diminuta Grun.... II 78.
var. Patagonica Cie ee oD Det var. undulata Grun. . I 68. var. notata Per. & Hiir.. . IL 78.
var. semicruciata GRUN.. II 92. amphigomphus E..... . I 69. brevicostata Ct. . ... ID 86.
var. staurophora Pant... IL 79. bisulcatum (Lerst.) ..... I 68. var. Demerare CL... . Il 8&6.
var. sublinearis GRrun. . It 93. citreum (A.S) ....... I 70. var. leptostauron Cu.. .. II 86.
var. styliformis Grun. . . IT 93. dilatatum (E.)... .... I 7. capitata BE... . . Ir 16.
viridula Ke. . aus , II 15. dubium (E.). ........ I 70. Cardinaliculus CI. . : = AE LOY
forma major... 1... II 16. ‘Hitchecockii (E.) . aa FT 6% cardinalis E. II 80, 94.
var. abbreviata Grun. M. 8. IT 15. [ridis: (Ee ek ee I 69. Chilensis BLEIscH . : Ir 80.
var. avenacea BREB. . Ir 15. var. ampliata E. . «a EF 69. cincta EH... 2... : I 16.
var. rostellata Ke... . . II Wb. oblique-striatum (A. 8.) ... I 69. Claviculus (GREG.) Ir 96.
var. Slesvicensis (Grun.). . II 15. productum (W. Sm.) . I 69. var. Javanica. Il 97.
forma minor. ..... Ir 15. tumescens (GRUN.) I 70. conspicua A. S. 2... II 88.
vitred: Clin 2 %.4 2 eo mB I 111. Odontidium Ke. constricta Cu. . ie Ge ee AS QB.
(Alloneis) vitriscala. Brun Il 34. Baldjikii Brier... ... . Il 187 > OMEa. . . . II 382.
Vukotinovicii Pant. I 58. Okedenia Evut. Coupert Baw... .. . . II 68.
Vulpecula A. S. I 98. infleca Eul. M. 8. IL 131 criophila CastR. Il 27.
vulpina Ke... 1. . II 15, Orthoneis Grun. cruciata Ch... : . I 97.
yar. Oregonica Ch... . . . II 16. (Stictoneis) binotata Grun. TI 148. cruciformis (Donx.) eR II 97.

216

var. brevior Ch... ....
var. Seychellensis Grun.. .
var. Upolensis .
Cyprinus EB...
Dactylus E.. . ...
var. Dariana A. S.
var. Demerare CL.
var. horrida Hir. & Prr.
dicephala E. aes
didyma E. .
digito-radiata GREG.
distinguenda Ct. .
distans W. Su...
divaricata O'MEA
divergens W. ‘Sm. .
var. cuneata GRUN.
var. elliptica Grun. .
forma ornata GRUN. . .
var. Schweinfurthii (A. S.).
var. sublinearis CL. . ;
divergentissima (GRuN.)
Elginensis Grrg. .....
episcopalis C1. Ode AER
var. Africana Ch... .. .
var. brevis Cu.
Ergadensis Gre
Esox E.
excellens Cu. .
var. interrupta Ch.
exigua GREG. .
Flamma (A. 8.)
Flammula A. 8. .
flexuosa Ch... ..
Floridana Cu.
fortis Grze.
Garganica Rau. .
Gastrum E.
gentilis (Donx.)
gibba (E.?) W. Sm.
Gigas BE... . .
globiceps Gres.
var. Kro¢kii Grun.
gracillima GREG. 48
Groenlandica (Cu.). ...
Hartleyana GREV... .
hebridensis GREG. .
hemiptera (Ke.) . .
var. en a Cu.
heteropleura K.
Heufleri: Grun.
Hilseana (Jan.) .
inflexa GREG. .
integra GRUN. M.S...
integra W. Sm. . .
intermedia (Lerst.)
interrupta W. Sm. .
> PEDIC.
forma biceps
forma stauroneiformis . .
var. crassior GRUN.
interrupta 8 W. Sm.
isocephala E.
isostauron (E.) Grun.
Johnsonii W. Sm. .
Karelica Cu.
Kefvingensis E.
lata BREB.
var. curta Gron.
var. latestriata Gree.
var. minor GRUN. .....
var. Rabenhorstii Grun. . .
latestriata GreG. .....
latevittata CL. .
var. Domingensis Ch.
Legumen E......

var. Florentina Grun. Il 78.
var. ornata CL... . . II 78.
leptosoma (GRUN.) Il 74.
leptostigma E. Il 24.
lignitica Cu. ‘ II 85.
lobata (GRovE & Sr.) Il 97.
longa Gree. ........ IL 27.
luculenta (A. S.). . II 82.
macilenta (E.) Cu. II 88.
major Ke. ...... 0. Ir 89.
var. asymmetrica Cu. . IT 89.
var. heroina (A. 8S.) .... IL 89.
var. linearis CL... Il 89.
var. subacuta E. II 89.
var. transversa A. S II 90.
var. turgidula Cu. .. Ir 89.
medio-constricta Rey... .. II 91.
megaloptera E.. . ... It 81.
mesogongyla EK... .... IT 84, 92.
var. interrupta Cu. Ir 84.
mesolepta E. It 7.
var. angusta CL. « « IF 76.
var. polyonca Brig... . IL 76.
var. stauroneiformis Grun.. II 76.
microstauron E....... Il 77:
modesta GRUN. ...... II 87.
molaris (Gron.) Il 74.
Monile E. Il 87.
nana GREG... ..... Ir 16.
nobilis E.. . 2... .. II 92.
var. fossilis Pant... . . II 98.
var. neogena GRUN. Il 98.
nodosa H.. .. Il 37.
forma capitata ...... Il 87.
forma genuina. . II 87.
var. Formica E.. . Ir 87.
oblonga W. Sm... . . IT Qt.
oblonga-linearis Kostowsky . II 91.
Oregonica Ch... .... II 89.
ovalis Hitse .. 1... . I 92.
uh iptera He wwe ee Ir 81.
ura Brus. var. elongata
Gane. sah Oe ie BAe ao - I 100.
parva (E.) GREG. : . Il 87.
var. Lagerstedtii Cu... . . ID 87.
var. Nove Zealandie CL... II 87.
Paulensis Grun. M. 8. . II 86.
peregrina E. : Ir 18.
permagna Batt. . I 59.
Placentula E.. II 23.
platycephala E. er Il 79.
polyonca Brus. . . Ir 87.
pretecta E. Bq aed II 6b.
pygmea BE... ... Il 16.
quadratarea (A. S.) . . . Il’ 965.
var. amphiglottis Grun. Il 96.
var. asymmetrica Cu. II 96.
var. Baltica Grun. : II 95.
var. fluminensis Grun.. . II 96.
var. interrupta Cu. ig TD 95:
var. Kerguelensis Grun. . . II 96.
var. leptostauron Grun. . II 96.
var. Loczyi Pant... .. . Il 96.
var. minor GRuN. .... Il 96.
var. Seychellensis Grun.. . II 95.
var. Séderlundii Cr... .. I 95.
var. Stuxbergii Cu. Il 96.
var. subcontinua GRun. II 96.
var. subproducta Grun. II 96.
var. Tahitensis Grun. . . II 95.
var. Theelii Ch... ... II 96.
Rabenhorstiana Huse... . Il 77.
radiosa W. Sm. eg It 17.
Raéana Castr....... Ir 69.
Rangoonensis Grun. M.S... II 83.

Pp. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

rectangulata (Gree.
forma subundulata. ...
Rhaphoneis E.

rostellata GREG... . eres!

rostrata W. Smu.. .

rupestris HrzscH..... .

secernenda (A. 8.). .
semiplena GREG.
signata E.
Silesiaca BuBISCH.. . . .
Sillimanoruam E.....
singularis (A. 8.)
Spitzbergensis. ......
var. stomatophora Cu.
Stauntonii Grun.

stauroneiformis W. Sm... .

stauroptera (GRUN.)
var. interrupta Cu.

var. sancta Grun. M. S. : :

var. semicruciata Cu.

stomatophora GRUN.... .
var. continua CL.
streptoraphe Cu... .
var. minor Ct. Sos
var. styliformis Grun. .
subacuta E.. 2... 1. we
subcapitata GREG... ...
var. paucistriata GRUN.
sublinearis (GRUN.)

subsolaris GRUN.. .....

var. Australiensis Ch. . .
var. brevistriata Grun.
var. linearis Cn. .
subtilis GREG. .
Sudetica Hiuse . .
Tabellaria E. . 7.
Temperei (Brun)
tenuis GREG... .
Thorax (Brun)
Trevelyana (Donx.)
> var. angusta Ch.
trigonocephala Cu. .
Tuscula BE... .
undulata GREG. .
var. subundulata GRuN.
viridis (NiTzscH) ae
var. commutata GRUN.
var. dispar Scuum.
var. distinguenda Cu. .
var. fallax CL.
var. intermedia Cu.
var.
var.

minor Cu.
var. rupestris Hrzscu.
var. semicruciata GRrun.
viridis B W. Sm.
viridula E. he
> W. Sm...
Plagiotropis PrirzEr.
Baltica Prrrzur
gibberula Grun..

“at

leptogongyla (E. ?) Gaus.

(Baltica var.?) mediterr anea

GRUN.
recta GRUN.. . .....
Samoensis GRUN. . .

Van Heurckii Grun.

(Baltica var.?) sealigera Grun.

vitrea GRUN. .. 2...
var. Lindigii Grun. .
Pleuroneis Cr... ..
Pleurosigma W. Sm... .
acuminatum (Ke.) Grun.
>» W. Sm.
acutum Norm. .

KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

var. Australasicum Grun. .
var. Australica Grun. .
_equatoriale Cu.
Astuarii (BRes.)

intermedia Grun.
. minuta GRun.
GRUN.
. fossilis Gron.
. interrupta Per.
. Marylandica Grun.
. Nicobarica GRrun.
var. Normanii Pzr.. .
angulatum W. Sm.
> (QUEKETT) .
forma undulata Grun... .
var. Asstuarii BAS
var. convexa (GRUN.). . .
var. elongata
var. Finmarchica Cu.
var. Javanica Grun. :
var. quadrata (W. Sm.). . .
var. strigosa (W. Sm.) .
angustum Donk.
arcuatum Donx.
attenuatum W. Sm. .
var. Caspia Gron.
Australe GRUN. .
Australicum Wirt
Baileyi Grun.
Balticum W. Sm. . ..
> @W.SmM.....
> y W. SM. .
var. Brebissonii Gruy.
var. Californica GRun.
Biharense Pant. :
Brebissonit Grun. .
Brunii Cu. ‘
‘candidum Scuum. .
Capensis Prtit
(Donkinia) carinatum Doyx.
Clevei Grun.
var. cornuta Grun. M. 8.
var. fossilis Brun .
var. Sibirica Gron. M. 8.
compactum GREV.
(Balticum var. ?) constrictum
GRUN.
cuspidatum Cu.
decorum W. Sm. . .
(var.?) Americana PER.
var. Dalmatica GRun. .
var. inflata Pur.
delicatulum W. Sm. .....
var. Africana GRUN.. .
var. Americana CL. 4s
var.? Kariana GRun... .
var. obtusiuscula GRoUN. .
var. Salinarum GRuUN.
(Balticum var.?) diminutum
GRun. a> (eee eB
directum Gron.
distortum W. 8m..
elongatum W. Sm. .
var. Balearica
var. fallax GRUN.
var. gracilescens GRUN.
var. gracilis GRUN.
var. Kariana (GRuN.)
Eudon Pant.
eximium (BREB.)
Exsul Cu.. .
(Rhoicosigma) falcatum Donk.
Fasciola W. 8m. :

K. Sv. Vet. Akademiens aamadtniead

BHR RE RR
e
is

ie!
Qo
on

FR
oe
fo a)

SHR RRR
oo
eo

Febigerii_Grun. .
Finmarchicwm Cu.
formosum W. Sm.......
var. Arcus Cu. (Rhoicosigma)
var. Balearica Grun. . .
var. Dalmatica (Grun.). .
var. longissima Grun.
Gala; eae Ox. .
Gallicum (Grun.) Prr.
giganteum GRuN.
glaciale Cu.. ;
gracilentum Reu.. .
gracilescens GRun.
Grovesii Prr.
Griindleri Grun.. .
hamuliferum Brun. .
Heros Ch... .....
Hippocampus W. Sm.
Hungaricum Cu. & Bruyn
hyalinwm Gaon.
ibericum PER. .
(Rhoicosigma?) incertum ‘Pur.
inflatum SHavs. i
intermedium W. Sm. . .
var. amphipleuroides Gun.
Italicum Par.
Japonicum Castr.
Javanicum GRuUN.
Karianum Grun.
Kerguelense GRuN.. . .
(Navicula?) Kjellmanii Ch.
Kochit Pant...
Kiitzingii Grun.
lacustre W. Sm..
lanceolatum Donk...
var. cuspidata Cu.
var. Tahitensis Grun.
latiusculum Prr.

(Rhoicosigma?) lineare Grun.
litorale W. Sm. a
longine W. Su...
(Donkinia?) longissimum ( On.
longum Ch. . . P
var. Americana (PEr.)
var. inflata (PER.)

Lorenzii Groun.

macilentum PER.

macrum W. SM.

majus GRUN.

Makron Jounst.

marinum DonkK.......
var. Antillarum (PER.)
var. Barbadensis Gruny. .
var. Italica (PER.) .

(Rhoicosigma?) Maroccanum Ct.

minutum GRUN. ea is

> Donk... .
naviculaceum Bris.
forma minuta .

Neogradense Pant. .

Nicobaricum Grun. .
var. hamulifera (BRUN.)
var. Indica Prr.
var. Sagitta (BRuN & Tear.

nodiferum Grun.

Normanii Raurs . :
var. fossilis (GRUN.) . .
var. Marylandica (Grov.)

Nubecula W. Sm.
var. amphipleuroides (Grow.
var. intermedia (W. Sm.)
var. Mauritiana GRuUN.
var. parvula GRUN.. . .
var. subrecta C1.

Bd 27. N:o 3.

Fo oe Mae Mee Mn Men cn co ec Bc ln ce ce ce No ee ee ne aT ee cee re ee ee Moe Be el oe oe ee ee ee ee

BAND 21.

w:io 3 217
obliquum Grun. . I 118.
obscurum W. Sm. . . ew Eb 43.

var. Barbadensis Cu.. . I 48.
var. Mediterranea GRUN. I 44.
O’Mearii (Grun.) PE. I 111.
aradoxum PER. I 39.
arkeri HARRISON. . . I 116.
var.? stawronecides Grun.. I 116.
pelagicum Perr. . I 37, 42.
Peragalli Brun I 35.
var. gracilior CL. I 35.
var. perangusta CL. . I 36.
plagiostonum GRuN. . I 118.
prelongum CL. I 39.
prolongatum W. Sm. . 1117.
var. closteroides GRUN. I 117.
pulchrum Gron. : I 44.
pusillum GRun. . I 39.
quadratum W. Su. . I 41.
var.? rhombeum Grun. T 48.
rectum Donk. . I 120.
reversum GREG... ... . I 119.
rhombeum Grun. I 42.
rhomboides Cu. I 41.
rigidum W. Sm... . I 39.
var. gigantea (GRUN.) I 39.
var. incurvata Brun . I 329.
(Rhoicosigma) robustum Grow. I 121.
Sagitta Brun & TEmMp. I 36.
salinarum GRUN. . io 8 I 39.
var. paradoxa (PER.) . I 39.
var. pusilla GRUN.. . . I 39.
scalproides Rau. I 118.
scalprum BRB... . . I 114.
var. Gallica Grun. I 114.
Sciotense Suutv. I 118.
simile Grun. . I 119.
Sinense var. Calcuttensis
GRuyn. . I 119.
Smithianum Caste. . I 120.
Smithii Grun. T 115.
speciosum W. Sm. I 44.
var.? abrupta PER. I 44.
var.? gracilis PER. I 44.
var.? major GRUN. I 44,
var. Mediterranea Grun. I 44.
var. pulchra (GRun.). . I 44.
var.? Sumatrica PER. : I 44.
var.? tortuosa Ch... ... I 44.
spectabile Grun. I 118.
Ypencertt W. Sm. . . I 117.
var. acutiuscula GRrun. I 115.
var. Arnottit GRun. . I 117.
var. Antillarum Grun. I 117.
var. borealis GRun. 1 117.
var. curvula GRUN. . . I 117.
var. exilis GRUN. . . I 117.
var.? Febigerit Grun. . I 115.
var. Kiitzingii Grun. . I 115.
var minutula GRun. YT 117.
var. nodifera GRUn.. I 117.
var.?2 Pevsonis GRun. I 119.
var.? scalproides RBu. I 118.
var. Smithit Grun. I 117.
var. subsalina PER. . I 119.
staurophorum GRun. I 456.
strigilis W. Sm.. 1 115.
strigosum W. Sm. . I 41.
var.? convexra GRUN. » I: 41.
(Rhoicosigma) Stuxbergii Cut. I 41.
var. latiuscula (PER.) I 41.
var. minor GRuUN. see) a 4b
var. rhomboides Ch. . . . I 41.
subrectum Cu. I 35.
subrigidum Groun. I 39.

28

218

(Fasciola Sm. var.?) suleatum

GRONe soe ee hg I 116.
Tahitense Wirt . I 45.
(Fasciola Sm. var.?) tenuiro-

stris GRUN. . .. 1116,
tenuissimnum W. Sm. . I 117.

var. hyperborea Grun. I 117.

var. subtilissima Grun. . T 117.
Terryanum Per. i I 114.
Thumii Casrr. I 36.
tortuosum Cu. 2 ot I 44.
transylvanicum Pant. T 114.
transversale W. SM. . I 36.

> 8 ROPER I 37.

tropicum GRuN. I 115.

umbilicatum Cu. ¥ .. 1 438.

validum SHapB.. ..... . I 39.
var. Nicobarica GRun. . I 36.

Virginiacum H. L. Smirn I 40.

vitreum CL... d 2 . TM

Wansbeckii Donx. ok ~ 119.

(Rhoicosigma) Weissflogii (Gees ) I 48.

Wormleyi Suruiv. I 115.

Pleurostauron Rasu.

Frauenfeldit_Grun. . I 150.

Javanicum GRUN. . I 150.

linearis Huse T 150.

Pseudo-Amphiprora Cu. I 70.

Crucifix (Trmp. & Br.) I 71.

impleta (Cu. & GROVE). . I 71.

jugata CL. : : I 71.
var, Pensacole Cu. 1 71.

polygona (BRUN). I 71.

stauroptera (Bart.) . bo seat I 71.

Pseudo-Dictyoneis Pant.
Hungarica Cu. . . J 31.
Rhaphidodiscus CHRISTIAN.

Christianit

Febigerii Tu. CurisT1an I 96.

Marylandica

Rhaphoneis E.

amphiceros E. ; Ir 191.

Archeri O'Mga .. . : II 181

Baldjikii Grun.. 2. 0... II 187

dubia Groun. a Ii 153

fluminensis Grun. IL 187.

Jonesii O’MEA II 171.

Lorenziana GRuwn. ° II 187.

mammalis Castr. . Il 187.

marginata GRUN. Il 170.

Moorit O’Mga Il 171.

Quarnerensis GRUN. II 185.

scutelloides Gron. . II 182.

scutellum E. IL 187.

suborbicularis O’MEa II 167

Rhoiconeis Groun.

Bolleana Grun. . . Ir 25.
var. asymmetrica Ch. II 29.
var.2 Sibirica GRuN. II 29.

Garkeana Grun. I 154.

genufleca GRuN. II 26.

trinodis GRUN. IL 190.

Rhoicosigma Grun.

Antillarum Cu. I 120.

arcticum CL. . . ep. 9;

compactum GRUN.. . .. .. I 120.

(Reichardtii var.?) constric-
tum GRUN. . ; acd & A120;

Corsicanum PER. . .. 1 120.

falcatum (Donk.) GRUN, . ee, as a A

(arcticum var.?) irregulare
PRRe s.r T 119.

lineare GRUN.. ...... I 120.

Maroccanum Cu. I 42.

Mediterraneum Cu. I 121.

oceanicum PER... .
Reichardtianum Gru.
robustum PER. er
Weissflogit Grun.. . . .
Rhoicosphenia Grun.
curvata Ke... .
var. fracta ScHum.
var. major Cu.
Van Heurckii Grun.. . .
Schizonema Ag.
albicans Ke. . .
amplius GRun.
apiculatum C. Ag.
comoides C. AG..
corymbosum Ac.
crucigerum W. Sm.
Dillwynii Ae.
Grevillei Ac... 2...
Japonicum Brun
lacustre Ac.
molle W. SM. .
neglectum Tuw.. .
ramosissimum C. AG.
Smithii Ac... tb
Thwaitestti Gron.. ...
torquatum W. Sm.
Schizostauron Grow. .
andicolum Ct. . nage
Cruciculum Grun. .....
jimbriatum Grun......
Lindigianum Grown.
Lindigii Gro.
ovatum GRUN.. .. . :
Reichardtianum GRuN.. .. .
Sagitta Cu. :
Reichardtii Grun.
? Tatricum (Gutw.) De Toni
Scoliopleura Grun. .
Adriatica Grun.
elegans CL. . .
latestriata (BRuis.) Gro.
Peisonis Grun. ‘
Schneideri (GruN.). . . . .
Szakalensis Pant. .
tumida (Brés.) Rau.
Scoliotropis Ch... ....
Gilliesii CL. & ComBER
latestriata BrEB.
var. Amphora Cu.
Sphenella Ke.
angustata Ke. :
naviculoides Hrzscu
obtusata Ke.
parvula (Ke.) .
vulgaris (Ke.).
Stauroneis E.
(Pleurostauron) acuta W. Sm.
var. Terryana TEMP. . ini
var. undulata Cu. .
acutiuscula Pur. & Hi.
(Libellus) Africana Cu. ar
var. acuminata GRUN. .. .
‘amphicephala Ke... ... .
amphilepta E.
amphioxys GREG... ...
amphorotdes GRUN.?.
anceps KE,

: amphicephala Ke. .

. argentina Ch... . 4.
. birostris (E.) . .

. derasa GRun. M. S.

. elongata CL. .. 1...
. fossilis Ch... 2. ‘
. gracilis (E.?) . 2...

. I 106,

I

ho

4H

HHA HH RHE HEH RHR RHA
S
oO

i

a 181,

a
eee
=
on
~

I 26.

aa
Pe
oo

HHH
_
lee}
pare

P. T. CLEVE, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAVICULOID DIATOMS.

var. hyalina Per. & Brun. I 147,
var. linearis E. Se I 147.
var.? nobilis ScHum. . I 148.
var. obtusa Grun. M.S... I 148.
var. recta CL. . BC see cic’ I 148.
var. Siberica Grun. . . I 147.
andicola Ch. ...... I 151
apiculata GREv. F . IT 187.
ustralis GREV.. .. . I 194.
baccata Lrup.-F. ‘ . I 195.
Bacillum Grun.. . . . ; I 50.
Baileyi E. I 149.
Balearica Ch. . 1... I 111.
(Libellus) Biblos Cu... . I 145.
biformis GRuN.. ... . I 194.
birostris EB... 2... : I 147.
bistriata Leup.-F....... Tr 95.
Boryana Pant. ...... T 149.
Brebissonii Castr. .1 60, IE 98.
Brunii Per. & Hier... I 149.
Cohnii Brun. ... . . I 128.
> Hinsk. 200 se ne 129.

I
(Libellus) constricta (E.)W.Smu. I
cornuta Lxup.-F.

Crucicula (GruN.). . . I 161.
> W. Sm. ... = . 1140.
decora GREV..... ; I 7.
delicatula Lreup.-F. . . , Il 68.
Demerare Cu. Si 38 . IT 147.
desiderata Ch... ‘ I 146.
dilatata FE... ....... I 148.
> StrOs—E..... II 48.
> WwW. Su... ... I 140.
Eichhornii Scuom. ta a TE AB:
Erythrea Grun. . . Il 48.
exilis Ke. ........4 II 190.
Finmarchica Cu. & Gron. . II 28.
(Pleurostauron) Frauenfeldiana
GRUN.. i wy be ee ak T 150.
(Pleurostauron) Fulmen Bricut I 150.
Gallica Per. & Hur. I 147.
glacialis CastrR.. . .. . . I 24.
Goeuperaantt BLEIScH. . I 129.
gracilis E.. 2... I 147.
> WwW. Sm... I 149.
(gracilis var. ?) argentina Cu. 1 148.
Gregorii RauFs ...... I 145.
var. diminuta Grun.. .. I 146.
Heufleri Grun. . I 130.
hyalina Danner. . ioe ae. Ae
inflata Ke. ob II 192.
Janischiit Rau. . . I 141.
Javanica Grun.? ... . I 149.
(Pleurostauron) Javanica Grun. I 150.
Kochi Pant. ww ws, J 150.
kriophila .Grun. I 146.
lanceolata Ke. ..... I 149.
Legumen (E£.). J 149.
(Pleurostauron) Legumen (B)
KGs 4 e hw ws : I 149.
var. LEWIS... J 149.
Lindigiana Groun. T 151.
linearis E. I 147.
> GRuN. ....... I 148.
> Lerst I 141.
> W. Su I 150.
lineolata EF. ........ I 110.
maculata Bau... ..... IE 46.
Meniscus Scuum...... Ir 19.
microstauron BE. .... Il 77.
minutissima Lerst. . I 128.
nobilis ScHum. I 148.
? obesa GREV.. Ir 187.
obliqua Gree... ... . ‘ I 130.
J 149.

(Pleurostauron) enone Gaoy.:

KONGL. SV. VET.
oblonga GREG. ....... I 192.
(Pleurostauron) obtusa Lerst. I 149.
ovalis Gree. : I 128.
ovata GRuN. ........ I 151.
pachycephala Ch. ..... . I 146.
pacifica Castr. . . I 146.
te icurastaunan) parvula JAN. 150, 149.
> GRun. T 149.
var. rieosluees GrRuN.. . . I 149.
var. prominula Grun. M.S. 1 149.
? pellucida Ch. ...... I 144.
forma arctica. . .... I 145.
forma Mediterranea I 145.
perminuta GRun. I 146.
perpusilla Grun. ...... I 146.
var. obtiuscula Grun. . I 146.
Phoenicenteron E. . I 148.
var. amphilepta E. I 149.
var. Baileyi E. I 149.
var. genuinag ...... I 149.
Phyllodes E. 1... ..... I 148.
polygramma E. ge ete, Ts 20:
polymorpha Lerst...... T 129.
producta GRUN. . a I 149.
pteroidea Bai. . . I 149,
pulchella W. Sm. ..... I 191.
punctata Ke. . i 19.
pymea Castr. I 191.
warnerensis .GRUN. IT 111.
rectangularis GREG. 1 181.
Reichardtiana Grun. . I 151.
Reinhardtii Grun. II 20.
robusta PETIT. . . I 191.
Roteana Rew. ....... I 128.
salina W. Sm... ...... I 145.
var.? latior DAaNnF. I 145.
Scandinavica Lerst. II 48.
Schinzii (BRuN.) . I 146.
Semen E.. ... . oe I 129.
septentrionalis GRUN. I 146.
Siebolditi BE. .. 1. .... I 148.
(Pleurostauron) Smithii Grun. I 150
spicula Hickig .. . . 1110
todderi GREENLEAF I 110.
sulcata CL... . . I 110.
Szontaghii Pant... .. T 150.
Tahitiana Casrr. II 187.
Tatrica GUTWINSEY . I 181.
truncata Ru. : II 192.
tumidula Grun.. . . I 192.
undulata HiILsE I 130.
ventricosa Ke. . I 129.
Wittrockit Lor. I 181.
Stauroptera E.
Achnanthes E. . . I 191.
aspera HK. . I 191.
cardinalis E. Il 94.
gibba BE. www we we Ir 82.
asostauron E.. . Il 98.

AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR.

Legumen E.
microstauron E.
oblonga Batu.
parva E.

platycephala Pics cigs, be hee

scalaris E.
semicruciata E.
truncata Ru.
tuscula E
Staurosigma Grow.
Asiaticum Tremp. & Brun
Stenoneis Ct.
inconspicua (GREG.)

var. Baculus Ch... ....

Stictodesmis Grev.

Australis GREV.. ......

Craticula L. Sm.

Febigeritt. . .
Stigmaphora Wa ttice.

lanceolata WaLLicH. .. .

rostrata WALLICH. . .
Surirella Turp.

Craticula E. ........

Quarnerensis GRUN.. . . .
Synedra E.

Atomus NGELI 2

Biasolettiana Ke... ...

pusilla Ke... 2... ee

Toxonidea Donk. .

Balearica Cu... 2... 1.
Challengenrensis CastR. . . .

Gregoriana Donk... .
var. Balearica CL. .
insignis Donx.

var. Madagascarensis (GRUN. )

var.? undulata (Norm.) .
levis Witt... .....
Madagascarensis Grun.. .
undulata Norm... . .

Trachyneis Ct..
Antillarum Ct.

var. Kurzii Grow. .
aspera (E.) ree ,

var. Amphora BRUN

var. angusta CL.

var. Californica Cu. .

var. contermina A. §.

var. derasa CL. .

var. genuina CL. :

var. intermedia GRUN.

var. Neumayeri Jan..

var. oblonga Batu.. .

var. perobliqua CL.

var.

var.

var.
var.
var.
var.

residua A. S..
rhombica Ct. .
robusta PETIT

vulgaris CL.

pulchella W. Su...

Schmidtiana GRun. . .

Il

aH
H

H

RRR RRR HAR RHR HHH RH RRR

BAND 27. w:o 3. 219
149. Brunii Cu. . I 193.
77. Clepsydra (Donx.) . I 192.
192. var. Scotica A. S. I 193.
87. Debyi Leup.-F. I 198.
79. var. osculifera CL. . I 193.
81. Johnsoniana (GREV.). . T 198.
83. ? tumidula Grun. . . I 192.
20. velata (A. S.) I 194.
19. Tropidoneis Cu. ...... I 22.
Adriatica Cu. I 26.
56. antarctica (GRUN.) I 24.
123. approximata CL. . I 26.
124. Chinensis Ch. . I 27.
124. conserta (LEWwIs) I 28.
elegans (W. Sm.) I 27.
152. var. Adriatica (Gron.) . I 27.
110. var.? Posewitzii (Pant. ir I 27.
110. gibberula (Grun.) . ; I 26.
Japonica Cx. I 27.
162. Kinkeriana Ct. I 28.
162. lata Cu. ; I 28.
Lepidoptera . (GREG.) . I 25.
110. var. delicatula (Grev). I 25.
182. var. minor CL. ..... I 25.
var. proboscidea Cu. . . I 26.
4. var. Samoensis (GRUN.) I 25.
189. longa CL... ..... I 25.
128. var.? gracilis (GRUN.) I 2.
45. maxima (GREG.) I 26.
46. var.? decussata Ch. . . I 26.
46. var. dubia (CL. & Grun.) I 26.
46. var. subalata Cu. I 26.
46. membranacea Ct. I 24.
45. pusilla (GREG.) I 26.
46. recta (GREG.) I 28.
46. var.? subplicata (GRUN.) I 28.
131. Samoensis (GRun.) . I 28.
46. semistriata (GRUN.) 12%,
46. seriata CL. I 28.
190. solidula OL. . . I 265.
193. Sumbavensis Ch. ...... I 26.
194. Van Heurckii (Grun.) I 25, 27.
191. vitrea (W. Sm.) ..... 1 27.
192. var. Mediterranea (GRUN.) I 27.
191. var. scaligera (GRuN.) . . . I 28.
192. Zebra Ch... F I 28.
191. Vanheurckia Bris.
192. ambigua Bris. I 110.
191. crassinervia BREB I 123.
192. cuspidata Brés. I 109.
191. Lewisiana Brés. T 128.
192. rhomboides Brip....... I 122.
192. var. amphipleuroides Grun. I 123.
191. viridula BreB. ....... I 128.
191. vulgaris (THW.) . I 122.
192. Vibrio Mier.
191 ostrearius GAILLON .... . I 106.
192. Vorticella Mier.
191 pyraria MULLER I 186.

PART I (Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Band. 26 N:o:2).
Page 31
>» 1

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>»
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>
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>
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>
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>»
>
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>
*
»
>
>»
>

ine 12*
>» 15&16 »

weevvvevuvvvvvvveve vee eee EEE YEE EYEE
Orw
eevvrve_vwvevervuvvueveve Vue sev eve ye eee EEE EH ee

* From bottom.

for farther

chromotophore
incerta
concerta
Lepidopt.

Vv.

Grev.

0,85

0,12
incurva
javanica

16 /99

0,017
Coloneis
Bacillum
Coloneis
7a
Kainitzii
Kain
Holuboi
0,07

0,013
Bribissonit
Part IV Pl. I
Grev.

diatoma

0,25

obsusa
Weisneri
Gorjonovicti
0,35

0,025 -
Grovett
oblique

0,0025
0,009

Corrigenda.

read further.

>
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>
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>
>»
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>
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>»
>
>»
>
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>»
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>
>
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>
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>

wevvyvvyve © ¥ we

chromatophore.
insecta.
conserta.
pusilla.
Frustule.
Grun.
0,085.
0,012.
incurvata.
sumatrica.
16/19.

0,17.
Caloneis.
bacillaris.
Caloneis.
Ta.
Kanitzii.-

Brebissonit.
Pl. IV.
Greg.
distoma.
0,025,
obtusa.
Wiesneri.
Gorjanovicii.
0,035.

0,085.

0,088.

0,065.

0,058.

0,14.

0,006.

0,022.

0,25.
Grovesii.
longitudinal.
0,025.

0,09.

Page 126

wevuvwevvyvy sev vy ve ev

127
133
189
140
141
146
150
»
152
153
161
170
177
181
189
191

ve_wyvyveve vv vee vy Yue Ev YY

for 0,019 read 0,19.

> 0,33 >» L. 0,33.

» 0,02 >» 0,2.

-» 0,088 » 0,0088.

> naviculoides' » navicularis.
>» 7 ite » Ta.

» Pinnularia » Nav.

» 0,12 » 0,012.

» 464 > 564.

> 0,0028 » 0,028.

>» CL. » Climacosphenia,
» 1822 » 1882.

» 0,09 » 0,009.

>» near » nearer.

» Kockit » Kochii.

> angusta » angust.

>» peruvianum > peruanum.
» Newmeyerit » Neumayerit.

PART II (Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Band. 27 N:o 3).
Page 7 line 19*

0 >»

>»

weevvvvevs ¥vveve_evvve vvew ye ve

[No]
oO

weyevuvervyuvvyevvyv vue vevuvueyusv

21

28

for C. serians
» and Nav. Tozzo-

»
>
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>
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»
>
>
>
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»

nidea
N. Wilezekii
N. falaisiensis

Exul
Tremp. a. BRUN

N. Schulzii

rhomboides
undulata
hybrida
Kostowsky

31

f. 18
kerguelensis
Berscow ~
24 6
melinitica
arcticum
Henrioti
Quek.

Greg.
Saarch

wee Yeu ve ¥Y Ewe HEE YEE OV

read N. serians.

N. Wilezeckii.
N. falaisensis.

TEMP.

N. Schultzii.
rhomboidea.
undula.
hemiptera.
KosLowsky.
18.

21.

f. 3.
kerguelenensis.
Borscow.

34 B.
menilitica.
arctica.
Harioti.
Quart.

Grev.
Schaarsch.

K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi.

Band 27. No 3.

Plate I.

29

Fig.

PLATE I.

Amphipleura pellucida var. Truani V. H. — Spain, 59/1 .
Pleurosigma prelongum CL. — Greenland, 7/1 .

4, Gyrosigma arcticum CL. var. — Kerguelens Land, "500 /,
G. sciotense Sull. — Hudson River, 5/1 .

G. diaphanum CL. — Ile de Bréhat, B00

Caloneis Beccariana GRUN. — Bengal, 1000/4

C. Anderssonii CL. — Galapagos Islands, °9°/1

C. Musca var. eurynota CL. -— Rio Janeiro, °%/1 .

C. Hardmaniana CL. — Campeachy Bay, 50/4

N. Omicron CL. — Galapagos Islands, 50/4

Pinnularia cardinaliculus CL. — Waltham, Mass.

P. spitsbergensis CL. — Spitsbergen, 0/1 . .

P. constricta Cb. —- Galapagos Islands, °°°/1 .

P. lignitica CL. — Japan, %/1. . 2...

P. Aestuarii CL. — Connecticut, 500/,

Navicula My CL. — China, 1000/4

Pinnularia Balfouriana GRUN. — Aberdeen 1), “150/y

Navicula brasiliensis GRUN. var. bicuneata CL. — Bansasels, 50/4 ‘

Piniularia paulensis GRUN. — Demerara River, 10°°/1

P. trigonocephala CL. — Big Lake, Cal., 500 / ee

P. major var. asymmetrica CL. — Waltham Mass., 5/1

P. flexuosa CL. — Crane Pond, *%/1. . . .

P. Claviculus var. javanica CL. — Java, 1/1

Navicula concilians CL. — Honolulu, 5000/4 9
N. Schulzii Kain var. californica CL. — 8:n Pedro, Gali, "500 /4
N. Stercus muscarum CL. — China, 5/1 .

N. glacialis CL. — Matotchin Scharr, 10/1

N. Chi Ct. — Balearic Islands, 1000//,

N

. Rhaphoneis GRUN. — Samoa, 10/1 .
N. Amicoruam GRUN. — Samoa, 1009/1
N. subalata GRUN. —- Seychelles, SOUT has te <8
N. Formentere CL. — Balearic Islands, 1000/4
N. Phi Cu. — Seychelles, 9/1... .
N. centraster CL. — Madagascar, 1000 /4 a ;
N. pennata A. 8. var. maxima CL. — Naples, 6500/1
N. leptostigma EHB. — Oregon, 10/1 . . ee
N. annulata GRUN. — Demerara River, 9/1 .

1) From a sketch sent by GRUNOW.

. Part I,

»

. Part II,

»
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28,
30,
32,

35.
36,
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PLATE Il.

Navicula surinamensis CL. — Surinam, 19/1. .

N. peregrina var. calcutteusis GRuN. — Calcutta, 500/, ‘
N. Pusio Cu. --- New Zealand, 19/1 . .

N. oviformis CL. — Madagascar, 1000/5

Mastogloia labuensis CL. — Cebu, 1009/1.

M. Citrus CL. — Adriatic, 10/1.

M. minuta GREV. — Java, 1/1.

M. pusilla GRUN. — Pensacola, 19/1

M. arata CL. — Island of Rhea, 59/1 ; oe
M. laminaris EHB. var. intermedia CL. — Fapan, 1000/4
M. baldjikiana GRuN. --- Baldjik, 19/1 .

M. flexuosa CL. — Adriatic, 1/1 . .

M. acuta GRUN. — Labuan, 1°%/1 . .

M. Grovei CL. var. rhombica CL. — Barbados, wa
M. inaequalis CL. — Australia, 19/1 .

M. fallax CL. —- Java, 29/1 2. 2...
M. Sinithii THW. var. abnormis GRUN. — Karna. 1000/4
M. Jelineckii var. marina RABH. — Cebu, 10/1 .
M. (Orthoneis) oamaruensis CL. — Oana, B00. so
M. (Orthoneis) cocconeiformis GRUN. — Red Sea, 1000/, :
M. Mac Donaldii GREV. — Cebu, 10/1
M. javanica CL. — Java, 59/1 i a8
» » » » 1000 : ae
M. apiculata W. SM. — Cumbre, 1000/4
> > >» var, — Balearic Islands, 1000/1
M. lemniscata LEUD. FortM. — Cebu, 1000 /4
M. pulchella CL. — Java, °/1
29 » » » » 1000/4. ea
81 Cocconeis grata A. 8. — Campeachy Bay, 1000/,
33, 34 C. Van Heurckii OL. — Madagascar, 1009/1
Mastogloia exarata OL. — China, 1000/1

37. Cocconeis granulifera GREV. — Galapagos I Islands, "1000 /4 :

Mastogloia(?) dubia CL. — Barbados, 19/1

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Fig.

4

PLATE III.

1, 2. Achnanthes mesogongyla GRUN. -— Brazil, 10/1 .
3. A. baccata LEuD. FortM. — Ceylon, 0/1 ‘
4, 5. <A. (Actinoneis) baldjikii Brw. — Baldjik, "1000/1
6, 7. Cocconeis (Disconeis) reticulata CL. — Galapagos sland, 1000 /, :
8, 9. Achnanthes (Actinoneis) danica FLOGEL var. major CL. — Baldjik, ma ;
10, 11. Cocconeis (Eucocconeis) Letourneurii CL. — Ceylon, 1°°/1 i ee
12, Anorthoneis eurystoma CL. — Pensacola, 19/1 .
13, 14. Achnanthes (Actinoneis) mammalis CasTR. — “Massage Straits, a
15. > portion of the valve, 10/1... so ig Bt aie ie Sip Se in
16. A. (Actinoneis) mammalis CASTR. var. reticulata CL. - — ‘Maciseae Slcaits: “tates frustule, °9/1 . .
17, 18. Amphora (Diplamphora) truncata (GREG.?) CL. — ee we
19. A. (Dipl.) proboscidea (GREG.?) CL. — Java, %/1 . ;
20, 21 » > » » Bahia, ae ‘
22. A. (Oxyamphora) aspera PETIT. —- Naples, 1000/, ;
23. A. (Dipl.) ol Ch. — Java, $1 .
24, 25. » > Masnsaat Straits, *500/y PEape
26, 27, 28, 29. i. (Dip].) exsecta GRUN. — China, 500 4 —
30, 31. A. (Dipl.) margaritifera CL. — Galapagos Islands, “ma
32, 33. A. (Dipl.) granulifera Ch. — Java, 1 2... .
34, 35. A. behringensis CL. — Behrings Straits, 1000/, 3
36. A. (Diplamphora) bioculata CL. — Balearic Islands, en
37, 38. » » » > > 00/1
. 39. A. (Psammamphora) ocellata DoNK. var. cingulata CL. — ' Pensacola, 500 4.
40. A. Pusio CL. — Sandwich Islands, 1/1 ‘

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PLATE IV.

Amphora (Oxyamphora) groenlandica CL. — Davis Straits, 19/1

3. A. (Halamphora) Eunotia CL. — Spitsbergen, 5/1 .
(Oxyamphora) Arcus GREG. — Sumatra, 59/1 .
A. dubia A. 8. — Barcelona, °°/1
(Oxyamphora) micans A. S. — Macassar Straits, , 5

> » > (portion of the margin and end) 1000/4 é
(Oxyamphora) decussata GRUN. — Adriatic, °°/1 .

6.
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A. (Oxyamphora) Lunula Ch. — Suinatra, 1000/, ‘
A. (Oxyamphora) Maeandrina CL. — Colon, aya
A. mexicana A. 8S. — Naples, 1. de
7, 18. A. (Diplamphora) decipiens — - Labuan, "1000 ‘

0, Arenicola GRUN. — South Pembroke, 1. .

> > > var. oculata CL. — Sebastopol, 800/,

> > > var. subaequalis CL. — China, 59/1 .

A. (Oxyamphora) acuta var. labyrinthica GRUN. — ‘Bolen Tdlands, 1000/, E
25. <A. (Archiamphora) rectilineata CL. a. GROVE — Oamaru, 50/4

A. (Diplamphora) prismatica CL. — Naples, °%/1 . Book? aims

A. (Diplamphora) diaphana CL. — Colon, °°°/1

1
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29. A. gigantea var. obscura CL. — Naples, MU 6. :
31, 82. A. (Diplamphora) vetusta CL. a. GROVE, — Oamarn 600/, :
A. (Oxyamphora) staurophora CASTR. — Morocco, 50/4
> > > Pensacola, ae
A. (Diplamphora) inornata CL. — Macassar Straits, 500/y
37, 38.» » » Java, 0/1

A. (Diplamphora) inelegans var.? polita CL. — Java, 1000/ ce
A. (Oxyamphora) bacillaris (GREG.?) CL. — Firth of Tay, 500 /4 :

» > > (portion of the dorsal side of the connecting zone) 1000/,

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