The Columbian dairy cattle tests at the World's fair, Chicago, 1893

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THE

COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS

WOELD'S FAIE, CHICAGO,

1893.

By JAMES CHEESMAN.

A Reprint of aji Article from the

JOUENAL OF THE BEITISH DAIEY FAEMEES' ASSOCIATION,

LONDON.

SOUTHBOROUGU, MASSACHUSETTS.
1894,

PRICE, 15 CENTS, OR $10.00 PER HUNDRED.

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CHICAGO MAIZE FEED.

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408 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, BOSTON.

THE

COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS

WORLD^S FAIH, OHIGAGO,

1893.

By JAMES CHEESMAN.

A Reprint of an Article from the

JOUKNAL OF THE BRITISH DAIRY FARMERS' ASSOCIATION,

LOiSroON.

SOUTHBOROUGH, MASSACHUSETTS.
1894.

PRICE, 15 CENTS, OK $10.00 PER HUNDRED.

Cornell University
Library

The original of tiiis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003109539

INTRODUCTION.

British Dairy Farmers' Association,

191 Fleet Street, London, E. C.
Sept. 28, 1893.

James Cheesman, Ksq., Southborough, Mass., U. S. A. :

Dear Sir, — By this mail I have the pleasure of sending you copy
of the half yearly journal of the society, just issued. The next one
is due in the first week of .January next, and for that journal the
committee are very anxious to obtain from you "A Eeview of
American Dairy Tests," with as much information as possible, ex-
planatory of the very great divergence between the results ascertained
in America and in England. From your extensive knowledge of Amer-
ican dairying, such a paper from your pen would be read with very
considerable interest in this country, and it will be a source of great
gratification to the committee and to myself to learn that you will
kindly comply with their request.

I trust also that you will be able to make the review as complete as
possible, it being understood, of course, that we shall be happy to
send the usual honorarium.

It would be essential that the MS. should reach me, at the very
latest, by Dec. 15.

Trusting to receive a favorable response at the earliest opportunity,

I remain,

Yours faithfullj',

WM. C. YOUNG,

Secretary.

PRESS NOTICES.

THE BATTLE OF THE BREEDS.

A well-known authority, Mr. James Cheesman, contributes to tlie Journal
of the British Dairy Farmers' Association tiie first succinct and yet full
account of the dairy tests at Chicago last summer that has been ■written,
and adds greatly to the value of his history by instituting, at various points
therein, careful comparisons with the best work of the same kind that has
been done abroad It is curious that we must go to an English periodical
for this matter, but as the author lives in Massachusetts, the United States
may claim the honor of the work, after all.— Country Gentleman, Jan. 18, 1894.

Prof. James Cheesman, of Massachusetts, has prepared for the Journal
of the British Dairy Farmers' Association, at the request of its editor,
an exhaustive and critical review of "The Dairy Cattle Breeds Tests at
the World's Columbian Exposition," advance proofs of which have been
sent us. We sincer&ly hope this review may be re-published in full in
pamphlet form in this country, and at such a nominal price that a copy of
it may get into the hands of every man who is keeping cows for profit.
— Hoard's Dairyman, Jan. 19, 1894.

Prof. James Cheesman, of Southborough, Mass., has prepared for the
Journal of the British Dairy Farmers' Association an exhaustive review of
the dairy cattle breed tests at the World's Fair. This is the first succinct
and full account of this dairy work that has been written, and Prof.
Cheesman has done himself much credit in his exhaustive review of the
work. — Maine Farmer, Jan. 25, 1894.

COLUMBIAN DAIRY CATTLE TESTS.

Early in July, 1890, there met in Chicago about a score or more of
representative dairymen from all parts of the United States, who
organized themselves under the title of " Columbian''Dairymen's Asso-
ciation." The object vras to secure proper representation of the dairy
interests in the now historic " World's Fair." The outcome of the dis-
cussions, the executive work of this body and of the cattle breeders'
clubs, was the Dairy Department of the Exposition. Accepting the
essence of the ideas advanced by these bodies as a base of operations,
Mr. W. I. Buchanan, chief of the Department of Agriculture, set to
work to evolve from the varied schemes presented for his considera-
tion such a working exhibit as he found possible with the material
at his command.

The hope of the promoters from the beginning was a complete
reflection of the dairy interests as a whole ; comprising a school,
practical factory work every day, and a thorough test of all the rival
breeds represented in the earlier discussions. These included Ayr-
shires, Devons, Guernseys, Holstein-Friesians, Jerseys, Red Polled,
Shorthorns, and Swiss. It was expected that two or three hundred
animals might be had for the si.f months' work, and that fifty repre-
sentative cows from each breed would be placed in competition.
From the first, the keenest interest was felt in this contest. Experi-
ment station workers regarded it as their long-sought opportunity to
hold the scales and keep the records ; while the sporting dairymen,
whose attention had long been centred on the rivalry of the Holstein-
Friesians and the Jersey cattle, and their phenomenal claims, hailed
the event with unbounded satisfaction. The farmer hoped that this
long period of trial, under the most equitable of rules and regula-
tions, would enable him to understand which breed would make the
greatest, net profit for a dollar's worth of food. As the year 1892
closed, disappointment was general when not more than three breeds,
consisting of twenty-five animals in each herd, were reported for
work. The absence of the Holstein-Friesian cattle at the opening of
the Exposition was a great drawback from the sportsmen's point of
view. As it was, the sport was considerably diminished, inasmuch
as the breeds brought together had not long been known as strong

rivals. Interest had centred on the Holsteins and Jerseys, because
they had been bred in this country longer than the other dairy
breeds, and because they each had an immense number to choose
from, and it was thought that their rivalry would awaken and sus-
tain the widest interest.

Provision had been made in the rules for a committee, composed
of four representatives of the Association of Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and one representative of each breed under test. This com-
mittee was constituted as follows : Drs. Armsby .ind Babcock,
Professors Scovell and Roberts ; and Messrs. Fuller, Caldwell, and
Hines, the superintendents of the Jersey, Guernsey, and Shorthorn
herds in competition.

The general rules and regulations under which the test was con-
ducted were drafted by Mr. W. I. Buchanan, chief of the Department
of Agriculture, and revised and amended after several consultations
with the breeders' clubs, and representative dairymen from the differ-
ent States. These rules were so drawn as to admit an equal number
of cows of each breed to be selected by, and entered in the names of,
the breeders' clubs ; so that the animals accepted by the management
were thoroughlj' representative ones. First, provision was made
for a flf teen-day cheese test, commencing on May 11, and conducted
as follows : —

Animals were weighed at the opening of the test, credited with the
amount of cheese made by each cow and herd, also with the amount
of whej' produced, and the increase of flesh, if any, during the trial.
The cheese made was properly cured and submitted to the judgment
of competent market men, who appraised its value in accordance with
its quality and the ruling market quotations of the day. The food
consumed was debited to each herd, and the differences determined
their relative positions and awards.

Next in order was the ninety-day butter test. In this case, each
cow and herd were credited with the yields of butter, skim-milk, and
buttermilk produced ; and with the increase in weight, at the end of
the trial, if any, at four and a half cents per pound. The incidental
water, casein, and salt of butter in its commercial form, were estimated
at twenty per cent. It was agreed that eighty per cent of the actual
fat found in the milk by the Babcock machine and gravametrie analy-
sis should form the basis of the calculation for butter, without refer-
ence to the output of the churn. This simplified the laboratory work
greatly. The food consumed, color used, were debited, and the bal

ance of credit determined the awards, subject to the valuation of the
butters, which were all closely scored, and their salability on the
Chicago market gauged on the ruling rates paid for fine farm butters.

In the thirty-day butter test, only, fifteen animals of each competing
breed were entered. These forty-five cows were taken from the
seventy-five which had taken part in the cheese test and in the ninety-
day butter test. The [method of determining awards was based on
butter product only ; skim-milk and buttermilk were left out of account.

Matters relating to hours of milking, feeding, sampling, and the
laboratorj'^work were all under the supervision of the committee, sub-
ject to the'approval of Chief W. I. Buchanan. Each superintendent
was free to choose bis own feeding substances, and to feed what
quantities he pleased, within the general regulations as to time and
other conditions imposed by the rules. All food was secured under
lock in a grain room in each barn ; and a Columbian guard was
stationed in each barn at all hours (under the control of Mr. Bucha-
nan) to secure proper observance of the rules. The cows were
watered from automatic supply basins hung in front of the stalls.
The stalls were arranged with the heads towards the walls, between
which was a feeding alley ; and the broad alley in the rear was used
by visitors, who were admitted by permit from the superintendents.
No one'was allowed in the feeding alleys but the men in charge of the
cattle, andjthey only during the feeding times.

It willjbe noticed that the plan of awarding the order of superiority
was unlike that of every other public test which has lasted but for
one or two days. In this case no account was taken of the
length of time animals had been calved, nor of the other conditions
usually counted in on such trials. Inasmuch as a period of four and
a half consecutive months' work was contemplated by the manage-
ment, and as it was the intention of the rivals to use only such animals
as would be fresh at the commencement of the trial, it was held that
the total one hundred and thirtj'-five days' work could and should be
treated on a purely business basis. In this way no account was taken
of the volume of milk given except for the purpose of calculating the
yields of fat and skim-milk constituents. Only the actual food value
of the milk constituents was estimated, and the water was thus entirely
eliminated from the account.

To obtain an accurate idea of the value of the work done, and of
the character of the achievement of each herd and of each individual
in it, several of the conditions must be kept steadily in view. It was

8

necessary to have all the animals gathered on the grounds as far in ad-
vance as possible, to accustom them to their new quarters, acclimatize
them, and to drop their calves in the Exposition barns. Besides this,
each superintendent needed to know his cows, by watching their work
under variations of food and other environment from day to day. By
the May opening he wanted to know what each was capable of doing
for a given ration, who were the big worKers, and which the greatest
net profit earners.

The Jerseys all calved on the grounds, and were there as early as
December, 1892, or long enough to spend an entire working year of
three hundred days in the barn before leaving. The Guernseys ap-
peared on the scene in March, and the Shorthorns about the same
time. Those only who know the climate of Chicago in winter and
spring can fully appreciate just what this means. Thermometer read-
ings will not express it. After overcoming the fatigue of, to many of
the Guernsey and Jersey cows, a journey of one thousand miles or
more, then getting acclimatized as best they could, with their changes
of food, they settled down to their long work of nearly five months —
not to make the greatest phenomenal yields, but to earn the largest
net profits. In the middle of their work they quite often had to
endure a temperature of one hundred degrees, and the discomforts
which those figures imply.

It must, I think, be admitted that the circumstances attending this
great trial — the long distances travelled, the differences of climate
endured by the large majority, the length of the period, the continuous
housing of the cattle so long, the business basis on which the test was
founded, and the elaborate and exhaustive nature of the work done
by the committee, at a cost of over $121,000, or nearly £25,000 —
constitutes something so entirely diflferent to anything that has ever
been attempted before, as to be simply incomparable.

The very nearest thing that I recall elsewhere is the dairy farm
competition which Lord Vernon started about eight years ago, during
the year of his presidency of the British Dairy Farmers' Association.
Mr. Hothersall, of Preston, was the victor ; winning also the first
prize from the Royal Agricultural Society at its Preston meeting in a
similar contest — a very proud distinction. Lord Vernon's prize of
£60 was for " the best herd of dairy cows, any breed or cross, num-
bering not less than twenty animals, the property of a tenant farmer
renting not less than seventy-flve acres." There were nine competi-
tors. The judges were to visit the farms twice during the year, take

9

the yields of milk at each visit, talse accouht of the general princi-
ples of management, the quality of the milk, examine the hoolcs of
€ach, ascertain the net earnings for the year, and make their awards
accordingly.

On the 27th of August, 1885, the judges made their second exam-
ination of Mr. Hothersall's place, and found these facts : —

Acres.

Cows in Milk.

Milk Yield.

Daily Average.

Total Solids.

Fat.

81

41

1,232 lbs.

30 lbs.

13.39

4.02

I cannot find the breed or size of the animals, but the showing
is good. The milk was sold in Preston. In this list of eight rivals,
the largest area was 547 acres, and the smallest, 80; the largest
number of cows, 60 ; and the smallest, 24. The highest quality of
millv was the above, and the poorest, 12.56 solids, of which 3.28 per
cent was fat.

All the cow tests at the annual Dairy Shows in October have been
for a limited period of forty-eight hours. The last published table of
averagesTin my possession, for the three breeds, for four milkings, at
the October Show in London, for a series of eight years was : —

Total Cows

Guernseys.

Milk.

Solids.

Fiit.

1879 to 1886

. . 29

Day's yield
Jerseys.

26.80

13.98

4.64

1879 to 1886 .

56

Day's yield
Shorthorns.

28.11

13.86

4.31

1879 to 1886

. 73

Day's yield

42.80

12.*-0

3.69

Added to this, I may take the performance of the October Dairy
Show, 1892, at the Agricultural Hall, London.

Average Yields.

Breed.

Milks — Lbs.
per Day.

Totals
Solids.

Fat.

Average
Weight
of Cow.

7 Shorthorns

. 49.8

12.67

3.80

1,451 lbs

10 Jerseys .

. 27.6

14.74

5.51

829 "

4 Guernseys

. 29.4

13.95

4.91

1,044 "

1 Dutch .

. 61.8

12.85

3.86

1,532 '■

2 Ayrshires

40.5

13.64

4.22

1.054 "

5 Kerries .

. 25.5

13.42

+.37

721 "

1 Red Polled

27.7

13.47

4.33

1,121 "

1 Aberdeen-A

ngus.

. 60.3

13.74

4.99

1,312 "

2 Cross bred

Dutch . .

. . 59.9

12.29

3.77

1,267 "

10

Dairy Show, 1893, Milking Trials.

Cowa.

No. of

Days

i:iiii}Tif turns.
Day's Milk.

Age-Trs.

Calves.

Calved

Lbs. , Total Solids.

Fat.

Award.

64

6

19

60.7 12.75

3.56

Champion Cup.

5

5

24

65.4 11.77

3.39

Second Prize.

8

5

43

57.5 12.69

3.49

Third Prize.

6

12

48.7 14.04
Jerseys.

4.56

Reserve.

64

6

131

33.2 17.25

7.29

Champion Cup.

71

126

37.9 13.66

4.10

Second Prize.

31 ,

2

33.7 16.29

6.51

Third Prize.

5

4

53

32.7 15.58
Guernseys.

6.34

Reserve.

8i

—

59

47.7 13.16

4.21

Champion Cup.

6i

—

171

36.7 14.09

4.76

Reserve.

Cross or Mixed Breeds.

9

7

10

77.2 14.00

4.24

Champion Cup.

10

8

85

47.4 11.73

3.30

Second Prize.

English Jersey

Cattle Society's Butter

Test.

Butter Milk

Cows.

No of

Days

Churned. Ratio to

Age— Yi'8.

Calves.

Calved.

Lbs.

Ozs. Lbs. Ozs. 1 lb. Butter.

Award.

64

6

132

32

8 2 8 13

Gold Medal and £3.

31

2

—

34

8 2 4 15.33

Silver Medal and £3.

6|

—

63

32

2 2 15.05

Bronze Medal and £3.

5

4

54

33

1 13J 17.74

Certificate of Merit.

Totals

72

Averages for Sixteen.
26 1 8| ozs.

4304

24 lOi

The winner (Chesnut 2nd) of the Champion Cup and Gold Medal
is a remarkable cow, having won a gold medal before. Her dam,
Chesnut, won a silver medal in 1886, and her great-granddam won
the gold medal in the Royal Counties' Show, 1887. This exhibit
shows marked individuality of character, and the value of the maxim,
" Breed from winners."

11

Prizes were offered for the first time this year for a

Shorthorn BrjTTER Test.
Six cows produced in one day as follows : —

Average Age. Day's Milk Yield. Butter Churned.

Si years 271 lbs. 9 lbs. 104 ozs.

Average per cow 45 " 1 lb. 94 "

Tears. Days Milked. Milk Yield. Butter.

First Prize ... 6 24 58 2 lbs. 84 ozs.

Second Prize . .6 20 60 2 " 14 "

Resei've . . . . 8 43 58 1 lb. 12i "

With this immense mass of fact relating to your Associaticn's
effort in bringing to light the best worli in England, what do we learn ?
Just what we have at Chicago — that individuality is the greatest
factor in all animal performances, whether in the barn or on the turf.
The same principle is vital among men. Among our most successful
breeders individual merit first has long been practised. Without it,
family credentials covering a thousand years would be held of little
value. This was the " guiding star" which helped the late Mr. Philip
Dauncey to give us that inimitable family of Rioter-Stoke-Pogis Jer-
seys which were the result of his sixty years of breeding. Mr.
Salisbury Baxendale has shown the same discrimination in his selec-
tion of Jerseys like " Chesnut 2nd," and tbe Shorthorn " Semolina."

Let us now examine the Chicago work of the fifteen-day cheese
test, the ninety-day butter test, and the thirty-day test, together with
the sweepstakes awards.

The Fifteen-Day Cheese Test.

From May 11 to May 25, inclusive, the seventy-five cows in the
dairy barns at Jackson Park were tested for cheese. The result has
been figured out, tabulating the material facts of the test, arranging
the cows in the rank which they assume under the rules as indicated
by the net profit they show for the fifteen days.

The cows were charged with the food they ate, and credited with
their yield of cheese, the value of the whey, and the gain in live weight.
The difference between the total value of their products and the cost
of their food is the net profit, and the awards go to the cows and the

12

herd which show " the greatest net profit." When the net profits
were equal the award was given to the cow which " yields the profit
at the least cost."

There were five awards, based on net profit — (a) for an individual
cow in each breed ; (6) for an individual cow in each breed ; (c) for
five cows in each breed ; (d) for five cows in any breed ; (e) for the
herd.

The Jersey won the award for the best cow in any breed, and the
best herd, but a Shorthorn stands fifth among the best five cows of any
breed.

The best Jersey cow and best in any breed was " Ida Marigold " ;
the best Shorthorn cow was "Nora"; the best Guernsey cow was
" Sweet Ada."

The best five Jersey cows were " Ida Marigold," " Merry Maiden,"
" Lily Martin," " Signal Queen," and " Baroness Argyle."

The best five Shorthorn cows were " Nora," " Betsey 7th," " Gene-
vieve," "Kitty Clay 7th," and " Bashful 2nd."

The five best Guernsey cows were "Sweet Ada," "Amanda,"
" Materna," " Select 8th, " and " Rosette 5th."

The best five cows in the test were the Jerseys, " Ida Marigold,"
"Merry Maiden," " Lily Martin," and "Signal Queen," and the
Shorthorn " Nora."

The milk for five days was spoiled for cheese-making, so that cheese
was actually made only ten days. The yields' for the other days have
been estimated from the amount of total solids in the milk. This
estimation has been proved to be very close. The score for the ten
days is herewith submitted. The standard by which the judges worked
was as follows : Flavor, 55 ; texture, 25 ; keeping quality, 15 ; color,
5 ; total, 100. For the ten days the Jersey scores average thus :
Flavor, 49.8 ; texture, 23.2 ; keeping quality, 13.5 ; color, 4.2 ; total,
90.7. TheGuernsey scores average thus : Flavor, 48.9 ; texture, 21.8 ;
keeping qualities, 12.3 ; color, 4.2 ; total, 87.2. The Shorthorn score,
average thus: Flavor, 50.4; texture, 22.3 ; keeping' qualities, 13.4;
color, 4.4 ; total, 90.5. Cheese is rated in price according to its score,
and ranges from ten to fourteen cents. The price for each day's cheese
is shown in the table.

In addition to showing the account with each of the seventy-five
cows, we give the tabulated facts of the herd work, and for the first
time information concerning the feed is made public. For the individ^
ual cows we give merely the total cost of the fifteen days' feed ; for

13

the herds, the kinds, amounts and value of the different feed-stuffs used
are submitted. In fifteen daj-s the Jerseys ate $98.14 worth of feed
which was a daily charge for the herd of $6.54, or a cost for the aver-
age daily ration per cow of 26^ cents. The Guernseys ate $76.5J5
worth of feed — a daily cost of $5.08 or 20^ cents per cow. The
Shorthorns ate $99.36 worth of feed— a daily cost of $6.62, or 26^
cents per cow. On this cost of rations the Jerseys showed a profit for
fifteen days of $119.82, the Guernseys of $88.30, and the Shorthorns
of S81.36.

The feed-stuffs were charged per ton (2,000 lbs.) : Corn meal, $22
corn hearts, $18.50 ; oats, $23 ; cotton-seed meal, $26 ; bran, $12.50
middlings, $13; grano-gluten, 114.75; oil meal, $22; hay. $11.50
silage, $4.

Kinds, Amounts, and Values op Food Consumed by Herds.

Pkices.

Jerseyb.

GUERt

tSETS.

Shorth

OKNS.

Ton (2,000 IbB).

Pounds. Value.

Pounds.

Value.

Pounds.

Value.

Hay

. Ill 50

3,395 $19 52

5,000

$28 75

4,784.3

$27 51

Silage . .

4 00

3,840.1 7 68

1,765

3 53

5,977.8

11 96

C o 1 1 n-S e e

d

Meal . . .

26 00

1,105.53 14 37

385.75

5 01

681.5

8 86

Linseed Meal .

22 00

370.18 4 07

519

5 71

370.9c

4 08

Bran .

12 50

2,203.87 13 76

1,533

9 58

1,193.8

7 46

Oats . . .

. 23 00

450.35 5 17

409.75

4 71

1,644.8

18 91

Corn Hearts

. 13 50

2,391.4 16 14

449.5

3 03

519

3 45

Middlings .

. 13 00

1,666.71 10 83

—

—

948.4E

6 10

Grano-Gluten

. 14 75

— —

—

4 99

—

—

Curn Meal

22 00

600 li 60

994.7
t

10 94

997.1

10 97

AMOUNT OF PKODUCTS

Gain

Milk,

Cheese,

Whey,

Live Wt.

Pounds.

Pounds.

Pounds.

Pounds.

Jerseys . .

. 13,296.4

1,451.76

11,578.7

327

Guernseys .

10,938.6

1,130.62

9,666.7

480

Shorthorns .

. 12,186.7

1,077.6

10,838.9

709

VALUE OF PKODUCTS— SUMMART.

Sales,

Cost

Cheese. Whey. Live Wt. Cheese.

Food.

Net.

Jerseys . .•

$193-98 $9 26 $14 72 $217 96

$98 14

$1}9 ?2

Guernseys . .

. . 136 22 7 73

il 60

164 o5

76 25

88 30

Shorthorns .

. . 140 14 8 67

31 91

180 72

99 36

81 36

RELATIVE POSITIONS OF COWS IN THE CHEESE TEST.

AMOtrKT Products.

VALtJE PBOD'TS.

SnMMAKT.

- 1.

*J'c

•d

Name.

Breed.

i

£•

^

i3

^1

i

.£3

1

.>is

d

1'=

1

15

Lhs.

Lbs.

Lbs.

$

$

$

$

$

$

1. Ida Marigold

Jy. .

673.6

70.92

586.6

28

9.47

0.47

1.26

11.20

4.23

6.97

2. Merry Maiden . .

;624.0I70.07

543.8

18

9.36

0.44

0.81

10.61

4.05

6.66

3. Lily Martin ....

"

1673.4

57.86

499.4

49

7.73

0.40

2.20

10.33

3.99

6.84

4. Signal Queen . . .

"

-.81.0

60.97

505.9

43

8.14

0.40

1.94

10.48

4.14

8.84

5. Nora

Sb. .

663.1

60.66

590.0

66

7.88

0.47

2.62

[10.87

4.60

6 27

6. Baroness Argyle .

Jy. .

656.9

69.90

671.9

12

9.34

0.46

0.54

10.34

4.22

6.12

7. Exile's Lnlu . . .

632.0

64.95

550.4

14

8.68

0.44

0.63

9.75

3 65

6.10

8. Hugo Countess . .

"

628.4

66.91

547.3

16

8.94

0.44

0.72

10.10

4.14

6.96

9. Alteration . . .

«'

588.2

65,47

512.3

9

8.76

0.41

0.41

9.67

3.73

5.84

10. Betsey 7th. . .

8h. .

183

42.94

429.6

66

6.68

0.34

2.97

8 89

8.26

5.63

11. Brown Bessie . . .

Jy. .

639.1

68.47

656.6

1

9.14

0.46

0.05

9.64

4.18

5.46

12. Little Goldie . . .

563.1

61.74

490.3

13

8.25

0.39

0.69

9.23

3.86

5.37

13. Genevieve. . .

Sh. '.

685.2

59.13

609.4

34

7.69

0.49

1.63

9.71

4.43

5.28

14. Sweet Ada ....

Gy. .

535.0

54.06

472.7

37

6.47

0.38

1.67

8.52

3.25

5.27

15. Sheba Rex . . . v

Jy. .

593.4

65.70

516.9

2

8.78

0.41

0.09

9.28

4.04

524

16. Albert's Gem . . .

506.3

57.19

440.9

21

7.64

35

0.95

8.94

3.86

6.08

17. Amanda ....

Gy. :

482.2jo2.66

426.2

21

6.29

0.34

0.95

7.58

2.52

6.06

IS. Materna

597.262.01

627.7

7

7.42

0.42

0.31

8.15

3.33

4.82

19. Select 8th

'«

545.6 .56 35

482.2

20

6.74

0.39

0.90

8.03

3.24

4.79

20. Flora Temple . .

Jy. .

526.9 1 65.33

458.9

18

7.39

0.37

0.81

8.57

3.90

4.67

21. Rosette 5th ... .

Gy. .

682.8,56.54

616.0

14

6.76

0.41

0.63

7.79

3.13

4.66

22. Jeweller's Jessie

450.4:45 r,s +02 4

42

6.46

0.32

1.89

7.67

3.08

4.69

23. Justa Pogis . . .

Jy. ;

448.2J51.17

390.3

30

6.84

C.81

1.35

S.50

8.92

4.58

24. Kitty Clay 7th . . .

Sh. .

437.8 37.79

389.8

67

4.91

0.31

2.67

7.79

3.27

4.62

26. Ethics of Cornwall

Gy. •

494.0'o0.66

436.6

21

6.06

0.36

0.94

7.35

8.01

4.84

26. Pearl of Riverside.

Jy. .

509.3 57.62

443.6

4

7.70

0.35

0.18

8.23

3.97

4.26

27. Bashful 2nd . . .

Sh. .

638.0:58.32

585.2

8

7.59

0.47

0.36

8.42

4.35

4.07

28. Fancy 11th . .

"

429.1

41.61

381.6

60

5.41

0.31

2.70

8.42

4.87

4.05

29. Lottie C. 2nd . . .

Gy. .

461.2

46.28

407.6

28-

5.53

0.38

1.26

7.12

3.08

4.04

30. Marchioness 6th . .

Sh. .

540.5

48.64

480.7

49

6.32

0.39

2.20

8.91

4.98

8.93

31. SaydaSrd

Jy. .

624.4

.16.82

456.7

7.69

0.37

7 96

4.12

3.84

32. Princess Honoria .

488.2

54.75

425.1

— 5

7.31

0.34

— .23

7.42

3.60

8.82

33. Grace Pansy . . .

"

419.3

46, as 365.2

•^4

6.28

0.29

1.08

7.65

3.86

3.79

34. Bella of the Touillets .

Gy. ■

407.6

40.88

360.3

35 1

4.89

0.29

1.68

6.76

3.10

8.66

35. Gay Orphan . .

Jy. .

422.3

40.21

367.6

16

6.57

0.29

0.72

7.68

3.96

3.62

36. Butterfly 3rd

Sh. .

499.8

41.78

444.6

67

5.43

0.36

2.57

8.36

4.76

3.60

37. Emma Abbott 3rd . .

"

622.1

44.77

463.4

19

6.82

0.37

0.86

7.03

3.47

8.58

38. Mernie

Gy. .

429.0

47.57

379.0

17

6.69

0.30

0.78

6.76

3.19

3.66

39. Jane Ash

360.7

39.40

318.8

38

4.71

0.26

1.71

•6.67

3.13

3.64

40. Honor

"

418.3

41.21

369.6

25

4.93

0.30

1.13

6.36

2.94

8.42

41. Baisy llinman . ,

Jy. .

444.2

49.61

386.8

7

6.64

0.31

0.31

7.26

3.85

8.41

42. Annice Magnet . .

492 .8

64.45

429.1

— 3

7.27

0.34

— .14

7.47

4.07

8.40

43. Mina 3rd

Gy. :

398.2

39.96

351.9

31

4.78

0.28

1.40

6.46

8.08

3 38

44. Lorita

Jy. .

444.7

49.31

387.6

9

6.69

0.31

0.41

7.31

3.96

3.35

45. Pretty Marchioness

432.6

45.77

376.6

14

6.12

0.30

0.63

7.06

3.75

8.30

46. Natasqua

'*

4^1.2

60.33

373.4

— 8

6.74

0.30

— .36

6.68

3.39

3.29

47. Daisy Flower

Gy. .

408.1

42.43

360.6

17

5.07

0.29

0.76

6.12

2.91

3.21

48. Panacea. . . . .

373.2

39.36

329.8

29

4.71

0.26

1.30

6.27

8.08

3.19

49. Iza

Sh. ;

446.3

39.82

396.9

32

5.18

0.32

1.44

6.94

3.74

3.17

50. Prudie 3rd . . .

Gy. .

391.2

38.87

345.7

23

4.65

0.28

1.04

5.97

2.82

8.15

51. Countess Cora . . .

408.3

42.38

369.1

16

5.07

0.29

0.73

6.09

2.94

8.16

62. Waterloo Daisy . .

Sh. '.

714.4

64.05

635.4

—21

8.83

0.61

— .94

7.90

4.78

3.12

63. Tristeka . ...

Jy. .

464.3

60.26 395.5

— 5

6.72

0.32

— .23

6.81

8.70

3.11

54. Orange Girl ....

Sh. .

433.4

38.24:385.5

30

4.97

0.31

1,35

6.63

3.60

3.03

65. Martha Scott . . .

Gy. .

372.5

37.88

329 3

27

4.53

0.26

1.22

6.01

3.0U

3.01

66. Ovation

416.2

42.11

367.7

17

6.04

0.29

0.76

6.09

3.08

3.01

67. Fillpail 9th . . .

Sh. ;

367.7

35.66

327.0

36

4.64

0.26

1.62

6.52

3.61

3.01

68. Azalea

"

495.0

44.64

440.3

6

5.79

0.36

0.27

6.41

3.43

2.98

59. Fillpail 8th . . .

*'

3U7.2

27.71

273.2

62

3.61

0.22

2.79

6.62

3.66

2.96

60. Lawn Tennis . . .

Gy- •

394.0

41.56

348.2

18

4.97

0.28

0.80

6.05

3.15

2.90

61. Plumwood Belle .

Sh. .

441.0

41.40

392.2

26

5.38

0.31

1.12

6.81

3.94

2.87

62. Lady of EUerslie .

Gy. .

423.7

47,47

374.4

—11

5.68

0.30

— .50

5.48

2.68

2.80

63. Belle Price . . .

Sh. .

527.9

44.94 409.6

11

6.84

0.38

0.49

6.71

8.92

2.79

64. Miss Cowslip . . .

Gy. .

893.0

40.37

347.4

11

4.83

0.28

0.50

6.61

3.13

2.48

65. Claudia

I(

428.9

45.04

379.1

— 4

5.39

0.30

— .18

5.51

3.07

2.44

66. Maid of Oxford 2nd

Sh. ;

442.5

36.82

393.7

24,

4.79

0.31

1.08

6.18

3.77

2!41

67. Rosa

" ,

439.7

36.31

391.1

16

4.72

0.31

0.68

6.71

3.81

2.40

68. Lucy Ann

**

468.0

41 .57 416.3

11

6.41

0.33

0.49

6.23

3.90

2.33

69. Oxford Bloom 8th .

"

407.9

36 35

362.8

42

4.73

0.29

1.89

6.91

4.68

2.33

70. Royal Ducheae . .

"

46B.7

39.73

416.1

31

6.17

0.33

1.40

6.90

4.61

2.29

71. Maid of Oxford 3rd

"

449.6

37.40

399.8

20

4.86

0.82

0.90

6.08

3.81

72. Aldine . .

Gy. .

389.0

40.76

343.8

— 2

4.87

0.27

— .00

5.05

3.13

1.92

73. Rosabella

375.3

39 24

331.6

3

4.69

27

0.13

6.09

3.18

1 91

74. Chrlsiata ....

Sh. '.

440.9

41.13

392.2

—17

6.35

0.31

— .77

4.89

3 50

1.30
1.08

76. Maud's Antarctic . .

420.0

36.42

373.5

— 4

4.74

0.80

-.18

4.36

3.78

15

JUDGES' AWARDS IN CHEESE TEST.

Flavor.

Texture.

Keeping
Quality.

Color.

Total.

Price,
Cents.

May 16 -

Jerseys . .
Guernseys . .
Shorthorns .

1
4?. 7
49.7
50.3

22.fi
20.6
22.3

13.0
11.7
12.7

4.0
3.7
4.0

89.3
85.7
89.3

0.12
0.12
0.12

May 17 ■

Jerseys . . .
Guernseys .
Shorthorns .

49.7
50.7
51.7

23.0
19.6
23.3

13.6

10.7
14.0

4.0
4.3
5.0

90.3
85.3
94.0

0.14
0.12
0.14

May 18 •

: Jerseys . . .
1 Guernseys . .
' Shorthorns .

50.0
.iO.O
50.0

22.0
21.3
21.7

12.3
13.0
13.0

3.7
4.0

4.0

88.0
88.3
88.7

0.12
0.12
0.12

May 19 ■

' Jerseys . . .
1 Guernseys .
Shorthorns

49.7
50.0
50.0

24.0
22.7
22.0

14.0
13.3
13.4

4.3
4.3
4.3

92.0
90.3
89.7

0.14
0.14
0.12

May 2 1 -

: Jerseys . .
GueiTiseys . .
' Shorthorns

51.0
47.3
50.0

23.7

21.7
22.7

13.7
10.7
13.3

4.3
4.3

4.3

92.7
84.0
90.3

0.14
0.10
0.14

May 22

r Jerseys ... .
Guernseys . .
' Shorthorns

47.3
46.3
51.7

22.7
214
23.7

13.0
12.0
14.0

4.7
4.0
4.3

87.7
83.7
93.7

0.12
O.IO
0.14

May 23

: Jerseys . . .
: Guernseys . .
' Shorthorns .

50.0

51.7
50.3

22.7
23 3
20.4

13.3
14.0
12.7

4.3
4.3
4.3

90.3
93.3

87.7

0.14
0.14
0.12

May 24

' Jerseys .

< Guernseys . .

I Shorthorns

49.7
47.7
60.3

23.6
21.3
23.7

13.7
12.3
14.0

4.3
4.0

4.3

91.3
85.3
92.3

0.14
0.12
0.14

May 25

f Jerseys .

< Guernseys . .

( Shorthorns .

50.7
47.7
50.0

23.7
•^3.7
23.0

14.0

13.0

1 13.3

4.3
4.3

4.7

92.7
88.7
91.0

0.14
0.12
0.14

May 26

' Jerseys . . .
< Guefnseys . .
t Shorthorns .

50.0
48.3
50.0

23.7
22.0
20.0

14.0
12.7
14.0

4.3
4.3
4.3

92.0

87.3
88.3

14
0.12
0.12

THE NINETY-DAY TEST.

Three breeds competed, twenty-five cows each. One Shorthorn
cow died at calving, after tlie test beiian, causing a blank record ;
thus only twenty-four Shorthorns competed. Every cow was cred-
ited vsrilh butter, solids not fat in the skim milk and buttermilk, and
gain in live weight, all at rates fixed by the rules, and debited with
cost of all food, of butter color used, and any loss of live weight.
The awards were made on the basis of the greatest net profit for
the ninety days.

RANK OP COWS IN NtNETY-DAT TEST.

Cow

No.

Name
of Cow.

9.
10.

13.

U.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
28.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
60.
.51.
62.
63.
54.
66.
66.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
66.
66.
67.
68.
6H.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.

1. Brown Bessie

2. Merry Maiden

3. Ida Marigold

4. ShebaRex

5. Hugo Countess

6. Baroness Argyle

7. Islip Lenox

8. Romp's Princess

Materna

Sweet Ada

11. Flora Temple 3rd .. .

12. Alteration

Little Goldie

Select

Albert's Gem

N'ora

Exile's Lulu

Lily Martin

Natasqua

SaydaSrd

Signal Queen

Essence

G-enevieve

Ethics of Cornwall ..

JUBta Pogis

Pearl of Riverside...

Waterloo Daisy

Betsey 7th

Princess Honoria.. .
Imp. Bashful 2nd...

Daisy Hinman

Plumwood Belle

Amanda

Aldine

Eiiir Maid of HuUct.

Rosette

Lady of Ellerslie . . .
Princess Aster 2nd ..

Emma Abbott

Grace Pansy 2nd

Belle Price

Mernie

Claudia

Lorita

Gay Orphan

Rosa

Azalea

Lady Bright

Kitty Clay 7th

Countess Cora

Lawn Tennis

LottieC.2nd

Marchioness 6th

Prudie of Cas. B'k.-
Bellaof Toulllets...

Lucy Ann

Maud's Antarctic . . .

Miss Cowslip

Maid of Oxford 3rd .

Daisy Flower

Iza

Jane Ash

Honor

Annlce Magnet

Fancy

Jeweller e Jessie

Ovation

Royal Duchess

Rosabella

Panacea

Orange Girl

Butterfly 3rd

Maid of .Oxford 2nd
Fillpail9th

Jy.

Lbs
8634.0
3041.2
3448.3
3283.3
3542.9
3266.2
3070.0
2984.4
3611.8
3225,
3238.2
3066.7
3214.1
1

2666.4
3679.8
3224.5
3520.2
2463.9
3043.1
3190.6
2847.6
3823.1
2963.1
2745.3
2663.7
3601.8
3167.4
.4
3341.0
2677.8
2721.1
3276.9
2518.6
3620.7
2834.0
2392.2
2826.9
2647.1
2344 4
3249.4
2346.1
2377.7
2320,
2176.9
2866.1
2432.6
2908.9
2689,1
2143.5
22U4.1
2371,
2614
2124.8
2248.7
2699.3
2472.2
2306.3
265b. 2
2204.6
2409.6
1872.6
2257.0

1810.6
2212.9
2017.0
2202.1
1942.3
1732.7
2206.0
2697.6
2151.1
1896.2

Lbs.
178.12
164.81
164.28
166.83
157.85
169.93
146.46
164.97
163.39
147.61
146.46
148.08
144.'
140.88
186.43
133.86
138.43
135.11
132.89
139.93
136.30
132.67
128.84
132.17
129.70
132.27
126.65
116.60
131.19
127.84
127.62
112.49
129.84
117.85
125.38
116,98
118.49
115.65
100.13
121.03
106.81
113.96
110.23
120.64
114.27
96.24
98.81
96.13
99.96
101.58
101,64
102.65
99.94
98.20
100.62
93.68
87.76
99.69
89.19
98.11
91.17
97.40
94.38

81.62
93.18
89.53
83,00
91.97
88.97
79.90
86.89
71.96
76.59

Lbs
216.669
200.542
199.781
190 641
191.916
194.433
178.089
188.497
186.160
178.138
176.772
179.902
175.892
169.853
166.799

168.566
164.248
161 .541
170.114
166.627
160.034

169.534
157.716
160.824

159.470

156.150

166.128
142.252

141.153
143.038
139.489

147.028

137,583
133.040
146.636
138.976

122.628
122.529
123.836

118.616
121.435

120.169
118.396

117.666
113.981

112.406
108.111

110.743
104.960

O

Lbs.
316.936
267.469
298.656
286.445
314.484
282.145
273.473
263.423
318.074
290.794
264.631
272.364
285.627
268.224
39.386

279.941
299.292
222.695
268.273
276.810
249.957

261.398
249.029
241,661

Value of
Products

240.038

232.960

281.786
581.806

251.287
216.295
243.345

208.680

214.701
215.212
206.176
193.681

194.242
196.788
207.674

205.30'
196.863

168.704
198.274

200.672
179.023

173.334
164.215

88.770
82.028
81.809
'7.891
78.462
79.432
72.893
77.021
74.744
71.922
72.202
73.290
72.063
68.661
67.735
66.083
68.932
..,161
65.987
69.645
67.651
64.492
62.442
64.i67
64.6'24
66.743
61.625
56.677
66.262
62.096
63.444
54.663
62.912
67.449
60.814
56.994
57.706
56.268
48.748
60.068
51.980
65.484
53.701
59.985
57.006
46.311
48.160
46.802
48.620
49.419
49.3"l
49.924
48.649
47.796
49.014
45.626
42.662
48.420
43.843
47.707
44.286
47.413
45.943
48.658
89.613
46.301
43.654
40.358
44.834
42.280
38.778
42 204
34.984
37.216

6.334

6.349

6.973

5.729

6.290

5.843

6.469

5.268

6.362

6.816

5.293

6.447

6.713

5.364

4.788

6.646

6.699

5 986

4.454

6.366

5.636

4,

6.642

5.228

4.981

4.831

6.132

6.896

4.801

5.768

4.i

4.i

6.686

4.636

6.063

6.025

4.326

4.1

4.6b7

4.172

6.667

4,

4.304

4.124

8.872

4.906

4.394

4.863

4.674

885
3,

4.J68
4.623
3.728
3,

.419
4.250
4.106
4.666
3.917
4.317

374
3.965
3.622
3.278
4.018
8.58U

802
3.467
3.084
3.886
4.483 1
3.558
3.4161

" "1

-3.645

-0.640

+3.510

.2.886

-t-1.486

--1 140

+4.860

-f-0.180

.0.585

■1.035

■3.420

+1.440
+2.665
+4.410
+6.176
+1.800
+8.016
■1.620
—0.945

0.0l4
0.013
0.013
0.013
U.018
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.006

«
26.611
23.391
27.125
24.845
25.492
26.412
23 978
23.434
22.693
+1.035 22.050
+3.420 24.416
22.626
24.036
21.438
23.386
24.118
23.794
25.158 0.011
21.078 O.OlO

23.270 0.011

+1.820l24.377 0.011

-0.676

-3.736
+0.676
■3.060
-2,260
+1.980
-8.236

OS

n

98.749

87.917

91.292

86.466

86.237

. :,516

S3, 222

82.469

81.1U6
0.006 78.773
0,012 80.915 24.427
0.012 78.737 22.638
012 79.216 24.047

■6.480 21.441

76.933

0.006
0.011
0.057
O.OU

+1.126
—0.180
+0.180
+7.966
—2.620
+8.016
—0.855
+1.846

18.527 0.006
22.600 0,066
19.993
22.749 0.010
23.773 0.010
20.992 0.064
21.708 0.049

22.899
20.433
22.224
21.808
20.082
20.016
21.079
19.241

+0,94518.967

—0.460

+8.190
—0.675
+4,996
+0.990
+1.846
—3.196
—2.260
+8.280
+4.960
+2.475
+6.400
+1.216

— .270
, .5,266
+1,680
+0,720
+7,650
+8.326
—0.045
+4.996
+0.720
+4.050
-1-0.766
+1.485
—0.450
+7.290
-1-0.460
+O.045
+6.760

+1.126
+4.725
+4.140
-f7.336
1+6.255

18.788
19.728
22.345
21.309
19.919
19.947
21.366
19.270
20.787
18.878
16.414
22.942
19.014
17.960
18.572
23.212
18.337
19.237
23.286
20.996
18.674
19.286
18.761
19.826
18.600
19.832
20.676
20.034
19.723
17.407
20.222
19.259
17.806
19.088
22.783

0.010
0.064
0.010
0.047
0.006
0.005
0.063
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.042
0,010
0.046
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.009
0.041
0.042
0.041
0.042
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.042
0.004
0.004
0.039
0.037
0.004
0.U38
0.004
0.038
0.006
0.004

0.004
0.003
0.035
008
0.003
0.034

0.087

il

25.626
23.404
27.138
24,868
26.605
26.425
23.991
23.446
23.284
22.066

23.377

76.804 24.170
76.331 23.806
,-.152 26.167
72.081 21.088

■4.910
74.807
69.491
r2.819
'0.170
'2.665
72.8-24
'87
70.207
1.178
67.868
68.284
-7.357
68.648
66.100
86.867
63.864
62.977
61.136
61.600
64.240
62.482
60.7.-
69.850
64.0.09
60.878
69.996
67.504
64.130
58.694
54.619
63.277
54.077
68.48T
63.058
53.697
67.596
56.237
62.626
52,904
62.344
52,652
61.562
61.393
0.008 52.160
0.034 50.176
'64
47.179

24.226
24.388
19.207
22.556
19.998
22.769
23.783
21.048
21.757
22.909
20.667
22.234
21.366
22.807

48.301
46.489
47.388
60.827

19.4.:i0 0.030 46.877 19.480
22.118 0.032 46.886 22.160

23.030
21.354
19.923
19.961
24.661
21.529
20.828
18.720
16.456
22.984
19.018
17.964
18.846
23.254
18.341
19.241
23.324
21.038
18,623
19.824
18.785
19.384
18.606
19.336
21.034
20.068
19.727

17.410

49.920 -20.267

73.224
64.613
64.164
61.597
60.732
60.090
69.231
59.023
57.822
66.717
66.488
68.099
55.169
55.039
53.556
52.634
62.628
60.985
50.973
50.684
50.419
60.284
60.264
50.172
49.806
49.041
48.691
48.460
48.269
47.196
46.050
46.002
46.941
20.021|45.079
21.98744.880
19.-J46l44.618
18.972144.006
19.242 41.894
19.768 41.832
41.210
41.128
40.845

19.262
17.809
19.122
22.820

39.498
89.498
39.168
38.784
37.676
36.710
35.501
35.313
86.281
35.188
34.712
34.468
34.271
34.204
38.903
33.680
38.679
33.288
33.047
32.067
31.126
30.108
30.037
29.769-
29.663
29.039
28.680
28.260-
28.007
26.897
24.736

17

The average net profit per cow is $43.68.

The number of cows above this average isj37, as follows : 21
Jerseys, 9 Guernseys, and 7 Shorthorns.

The last Jersey is No. 64 ; the last Guernsey, No. 70 ; the last
Shorthorn, No. 74.

The net profit of the best cow (No. 1) in this selected lot is almost
three times that of No. 74.

(a.) TJie Best Cow in each Breed (90 Days' Average).

Brown Bessie, Jersey
Materna, Guernsey
Nora, Shorthorn . .

Milk per;Day.

B

]tter per Day-

Lbs.

Lbs. 0Z8.

40.3

2 64

39.0

2 01

40.9

I m*

(b.) The Best Cow in any Breed. — Brown Bessie, Jersey,
(c.) Best Five Cows in each Breed.

Brown Bessie
Merry Maiden
Ida Marigold
Sheba Kex .
Hugo Countess

Milk.
Lbs.

3,634
3,041
3,448
3,283
3,543

Fat.
Lbs.

178
166
164
157
158

Jbrsbys.

Butter.

Lbs.

217
201
200
191
192

Cost
Food.

|25 51
23 39
27 12
2i 85
25 49

Live

Weight. Credit.

H-81 #98 75

+12 87 92

+78 91 29

+63 86 45

+33 8G 24

Debit.

f2o 53
28 41
27 14

24 85

25 51

Net
Proflt.
$73 22
64 51
64 15
61 59
60 73

GUERKSEYS.

Materna .
Sweet Ada
Select 8th .
Essence

3,512
3,225
2,986
2,848

153 185

148 178

141 170

133 160

22 69
22 05
21 44
18 53

—13

+23
+57
— 15

81 11

78 77
76 48
69 49

L'3 28
22 05
21 44
19 21

57 82
56 71
55 04
50 28

Ethics of Cornwall, 2,953 182 160 19 99 +15 70 17 20 00 50 17

Shorthokns.

Nora . . .
Genevieve . .
Waterloo Daisy.
Betsey 7th . .
Bashful 2d .

8,680 134 *166

8,823 129 161

3,601 127 160

3,167 116 145

24 11 "■+115
22 50 + 82

20 99 + 44

21 71- +183

3,341 128 160 20 43

76 80
72 82

69 74

70 21

24 17 * 52 63

22 56 50 26

21 05 48 69

21 76 48 45

4 67 86 20 66 47 20

(d.) The Best Fice Cows of any Breed. — The Jerseys, as above.

* Subject to slight correction.

18

(e.) The Best Breed competing. — The Jersey.

Becord of the Jersey Herd for 90 Days.
Debit. Credit.

Food, costs $587 50

Butter color 28

Loss, live weight, lbs. . 167 00

Total debit $595 30

Milk produced, lbs.
Fat ill milk . .
Other solids . . .
Butter credited
Gain in weight . .

73,478

3,515

6,781

4,274

911

Value total products . . $1,919 82

Net profit 1 ,324 62

Breeds Becord for Full Period (90 Days).

Breeds.

Jerseys . .
Guernseys .
Shorthorns

Breeds.

Jerseys .
Guernseys .
Shorthorns .

Milk.
Lbs.

Total
Solids.

Fat.

Butter.
Lbs.

Solids
not Fat.

Value.
Butter.

73,478.8
61,781.7
66,263.2

13.82
13.78
12.66

4.86
4.61
3.63

4,273.95
3,360.43
2,890.87

6,465.05
5,501.44

5,750.85

$1,747 37
1,355 44
1,171 77

Other
Solids.

Value of
Products.

Feed
Cost.

Net
Profit.

Live Weight
added.

$129 30
110 02 ■
115 02

$1,876 67
1,465 46
1,286 77

$587 50
484 1+
501 79

$1,289 17
981 32
785 00

$1,323 81
997 64
910 12

Dry Substance oi' Feed Consumed in Ninety-Day Test.

Jerseys

Total Feed.
Lbs.

Coarse Feed.
Lbs.

Grain Feed.
Lbs.

Required for

1 lb. of butter.

Lbs.

Required for

1 lb. of mUk.

Lbs.

Req'dforllb

of milk, solid

Lbs.

67,459
ys, 58,960
rns, 63,651

27,297
27,461
28,659

40,164
31,499
34,992

15,786
17,545
22,018

0.918
0.9.-,4
0.961

6.64
6.93

7.87

THE THIRTY-DAY TEST.

This test was for butter only, no other item of revenue — as skim-
milk, buttermilk,, gain in live weight — being taken into account.
This test was the more interesting to a large number of farmers on
that account.

The following list gives the rank of the forty-five cows which took
part in the test, arranged according to net earnings :

19

Relative Positions of Cows in Thirty-Day Test.

No. ; Breed.

Jy.

Sh.

Jy-
Gy-

Name.

I Jy.
Gy.
Jy

9
10
U
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19 I Gy.
•20 i Jy.
21
22
23
24
2-5
2G
27
28
29
30
.SI
32
?.?.
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

Gy.

Jy-

Gy.
Jy.

Sh.

Jy
Gy.
Sh.

Gy.
Sh.
Gy.
Sh.
Gy.
>h.
Gy.
Sh.

Gv.

Sh.

Gv.

Sh.

Browu Bessie .
Merry Maldeu •.
Kitty Clay 4th .
Stoke Pogis Regina
Purity . . .
Oareno . . .
Ida Marigold
Sheba Rex . .
Ve.sta's Valencia
Sweet Ada . .
Cupid's Jersey Maid
Romp's Princess
Flora Temple 3rd
Baroness Argyle
Materna . . .
Select 8th . .
Exile's Lulu . .
Katherineof Pittsford
Duchess of Orleans
Hugo Countess
Marita . . .
Islip Lenox . .
Signal Queen
Bashful 2nd . .
Sayda 3rd
Ethics of Cornwall
Kitty Clay 3rd .
Waterloo Daisy
Hosette . . .
Nora ....
Aldine ....
Lady Bright . .
Lady of EUerslie
Genevieve . .
Amanda . . .
Betsey 7th . .
Kitty Clay 7th .
Kitty Clay 5th .
Princess Aster 2nd
Belle Prince . .
Vervain . . .
Essence . . .
Fair Maid of HuUet
Lucy Ann . .
Rosa ....

Lba.

Lbs.

Value of

Milk.

Butter.

Butter.

1,134.6

72.24

$33 27

965.0

66.70

30 72

l,5!i2 9

62.24

28 53

1,012.2

60.27

27 77

1,060.7

54 HO

24 95

922.3

54.94

25 01

985.8

59.31

27 34

1,004.2

57.51

26 49

985.7

52.47

23 89

986.2

55.54

25 30

1,028.7

55.16

25 40

704.7

51.36

23 68

923.6

55.06

25 36

925.5

56.22

25 90

1,058.4

54.68

24 90

866.9

54.05

24 61

988.4

54.02

24 88

1,062..S

54.11

24 92

1,044.3

50.71

23 10

684.2

48.17

22 17

1,014.6

47.55

21 65

714.6

47.70

21 95

914 5

51.62

23 74

971.3

47.47

21 76

843.6

47.82

22 01

865.4

47.92

21 82

1,230.6

50.15

22 98

1,169.1

47.77

21 89

904.3

45.89

20 90

1,037.2

47.20

21 63

767.8

44 25

20 15

1,048.8

44.52

20 40

658.3

4L44

18 87

1,071.1

43.85

20 10

847.6

40 93

18 64

948.8

41.82.

19 16

831.2

42.43

19 45

1)26.9

41.10

18 84

86ii.8

41.6.-.

18 97

1,099.6

42.17

19 32

l,0;i3.6

40.48

18 55

669.1

37.36

17 02

884.9

39.12

17 93

788.7

36.36

16 67

923.6

35.97

16 48

COBt of

Feed.

$8 57

7 62

8 49
8 19

5 58

6 11
8 45

92

65

08

48

90

70

8 27

7 36

7 07

7 42

7 66

21

72

14

00

26

71

53

74

28

37,

33

13

90

51

.98

86

4t

6

6

6

7

7

6

7

6

6

5

6

5

6

6 79

6 24

The awards were as follows : —

(o.) The Best Cow of any ^reed.
Brown Basse, Jy.

Net
Profit.

$24 70

23 10

20 04

19 58

19 38

18 9"

18 89

18 .=>7

18 24

18 22

17 92

17 78

17 66

17 63

17 54

17 .54

17 46

17 26

17 12

16 96

15 93

15 81

15 74

15 50

15 30
15 29

15 24
14 61
14 53

14 30

14 02

13 50

13 36

13 12

12 78

12 72

12 66

12 60

12 60

12 14

11 99

11 57

11 54
9 64

9 53

■20

(6.) Best Cow in each Breed.
Brown Bessie, Jy. Purity, Gy. Kitty Clay 4th, Sh.

(c. ) The Best Five Cows in any Breed.

Lbs. Lbe. Daily Value Cost of Net

of Milk, of Butter. Yield.. Butter. Food. Profit.

Brown Bessie, Jy. . . 1,134.6 72.24 2.6i ozs. |33 27 $8 57 #24 69

Merry Maiden, Jy. . . . 965.0 66.70 2.3i " 30 72 7 62 23 10

Kitty Clay 4th, Sli. . . . 1,592.0 62.24 2.1 " 28 52 8 49 20 03

Stoke PogisRegina4th,Jy., 1,012.2 60.27 2.0 " 27 76 8 19 19 57

Purity, Gy. 1,060.7 54 80 1.3i " 24 95 5 58 19 38

(d.) The Best Five m each Breed.
Jerseys.

Butter. Cr. Dr. Net.

Lbe. Sales. Food. Profit.

Brown Bessie 72.24 |33 27 $8 57 $24 69

Merry Maiden 66.70 30 72 7 62 23 10

Stolie Pogls Regiua . ... 60.27 27 76 8 19 19 57

Ida Marigold 59.30 27 34 8 45 18 89

ShebaKex 57.51 26 49 7 92 18 57

Totals .... 316.02 $145 58 $40 75 $104 82

Averages . . . 63.20 $29 U $8 15 $20 96

GUEKNSKYS.

Purity 54.80 $24 95 $5 58 $19 38

Careno 54.94 25 01 6 11 18 90

.Vesta's Valencia 52.47 23.89 5 65 18 24

Sweet Ada 55.54 25 30 7 08 18 22

Materna 54.68 24 90 7 36 17 54

Totals .... 272.43 $124 05 $31 78 $92 28

Averages . . . 54.49 $24 81 $6 35 $18 45

Shorthokns.

Kitty Clay 4tli 62.24 .$28 53 $8 49 $20 04

Bashful 2d 47.47 2176 6 26 15 50

Kitty Clay 3d 50.15 22 98 7 74 ]5 24

Waterloo Daisy 47.77 . 21 89 7 28 14 61

Noi-a 47.20 21 63 7 33 14 so

Totals .... 254.83 $116 79 $37 10 $79 69

Averages . .- . 50.97 $23 36 $7 42 $15 93

21

(e.) The Best Breed.
THE JERSEY.
The summary of the herds is as (oUows : —

Jersey. Ouerusey. Shorthoro.

Pounds of Milk 13,921.90 13,518.40 15,618.30

Pounds of Butter 837.21 724.17 662.66

Value of Butter $385.59 $329.77 $303.69

Cost of Food 111.24 92.77 104.55

Net Profit 274.35 237.00 199.14

Cost of Butter, per lb 0.1.S3 0.128 0.158

Profit on Butter, " 0.328 0.327 0.301

Average price of Butter credited

cents 0.461 0.455 0.459

The facts developed by the thirty-day test are extremely useful in
emphasizing the lesson that a large yield and the greatest net profit
do not always go together. The wonderful Jersey cow " Brown
Bessie " deserves study at every point. She is the winner in the two
uiost important contests, lasting four months. During the last thirty
days her food cost was practically at the same rate as it was during
the ninety-day test, about $8.30 a month, and the rate of net profit
the same, or rather larger, as during the last thirty days she was
credited with butter only, 824.69, whereas in the ninety-day test her
akim-milk, buttermilk, and increased live weight were added to her
butter earnings to make a total net profit of $73.22 for the three
months' test. Another remarkable feature is the volume of milk.
"Brown Bessie" gave during the ninety days 3,634 lbs., and the
Shorthorn cow "Genevieve" 3,823 lbs., or 40 lbs. against 42 lbs.
per day. Another remarkable fact is that "Brown Bessie" was the
victor of any breed, against the Guernsey "Purity" and the Short-
hoin " Kitty Clay 4th," in the thirty-day test, as neither of these
animals were in the two previous tests. In the competition between
breeds, the Guernseys came out as producers at lowest cost. The
yields in the thirty-day test were wonderfully even in quantity, the
food cost nearly alike, and the net profits of each of the best five
were very close. The question suggests itself : Could they not have
been fed more, and have run the winners closer, or have placed three
of their number in the best five of any breed, and at least two of them
in the best five of any breed in the ninety-day test?

Another very striking feature of the work is that the great cows
" Ida Marigold," the winner in the cheese test, and " Sweet Ada,"
the best Guernsey in the cheese test and the best Guernsey in the

22

sweepstakes, both gave large yields of butter in the thirty-day test.
"Ida Marigold" produced more (59.30 lbs.) than the fifth cow,
" Purity," in the best five (54.80). " Sweet Ada" is fourth in the
list of the five best Guernseys, with a credit of 55.54 lbs. The same
fact comes out in the Shorthorn performance, thus still further in-
forcing the principle that net profit, and not the largest aggregate
yield, is the safest criterion of value. As the food cost of the butter
was about thirteen cents per lb., it is fair to ask whether the Guernseys
could not have eaten two or more dollars' worth of food, and adderl
the expenditure to the net profit. " Materna," the best Guernsey in
the ninety-day test, lost about ten ounces of weight ; " Sweet Ada"
gained but four ounces. The first ate $22.69 worth of food, the sec-
ond, 822.05. No cattleman will believe these cows had reached the
limit of their power of digestion, and three dollars' worth of extra
food would have been a possible seven or eight dollars' worth of in-
creaseil butter. Milk-producers and butter-makers know that when a
cow's food costs below thirteen cents a pound on her butter, at the
Chicago prices of feeding stuffs, there is room for more profit on but-
ter at forty-five cents a pound when animals show no increase in live
weight. The cow "Purity" made her butter at a lower cost than
any cow in the list for the thirty-day test. She, "Careno," and
"Vesta's Valencia," could surely have won three places in the best
five of any breed. " Sweet Ada " and " Materna " at least had an
even chance for fourth and fifth place in the best five of any breed for
the ninety-day test.

Prices, Kinds, Amounts, and Values op Food in the
30-Day Test.

JERSBTS. GUEBNSETS. SHOBTHORSS

Articles. Price Amt. Amt. Amt.

per Ton. Lbs. Value. Lbs. Value. Lbs. Value.

Hay $10 00 5,525 $27 62 3,779 $18 90 4,215 $21 07

Silage ....
Cotton-seed Meal
Oil Meal . . .
Bran ....
Oats ....
Corn Hearts
Middlings . .
Grano-Gluten .
Com Meal . .
Carrots . . .

1 50 1,656 1 24 8,605 6 45 16,853 12 64

26 00 631 8 20 308 4 00 1,046 13 ,60

22 00 1,142 12 56 895 9 85 540 5 94

12 50 2,878 17 99 3,258 20 36 3,277 20 48

23 00 1,402 16 13 1,023 11 76 471 5 42

13 50 2,254 15 21 2,573 17 37 2,909 19 64
13 00 817 5 31 613 3 99 821 5 33
U 67 — — 12 09 58 43
22 00 506 5 56 — — _ _

8 00 249 1 00 — — _ _ -

Old Hay .... 1 1 50 74 42 — — _ _

$111 24 $92 77 $10r55

23

Average Quantities per Cow Daily.

Jerseys. Ghernsets. Shorthorns.

Hay lbs. 12.27 8.4 9.+

Silage '• 3.70 19.0 37.0

Cotton-seed Meal " 1.40 0.7 2.3

Linseed Meal " 2.50 2.00 1.2

Bran " 6.40 7.24 7.3

Oats " 3.10 2.30 1.05

Corn Hearts " 5.00 5.70 6.50

Middlings " 1.80 1.40 1.80

Grano-Gluten . .* . . . " — 0.03 0.13

Corn Meal " 1.10 — —

Carrots " 0.42 — —

Old Hay " 1.60 — —

An examination of the quantities and kinds of food consumed, their
physicial condition, chemical constituents, condimental scents and
flavors, and their enjoyment by the animals, suggests Some pointed
questions. It must be admitted that the Jerseys had food compounded
for them which contained the largest percentages of albuminoids and
the greatest total of digestible albuminoids ; it was most aromatic, and
therefore best calculated to excite the appetite, enjoyment, and diges-
tion. It was known that the ensilage at Chicago was poor, most of it
unsound. The strong points in the Jersey rations are the small amount
of the inferior ensilage, the proportion of cotton-seed meal, linseed
meal, oats, corn meal, and carrots. The carrots were an invaluable
salad, and the oats very aromatic. All practical men know results
are obtained from oats which chemical analysis does not explain. The
weak point of the G-uernsey rations was its too large quantity of ensil-
age, too little cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, and oats, and no roots.
The error of the Shorthorn ration was excess of ensilage, deficient
linseed meal and oats. It would be hard to improve on the Jersey
compound, having regard to the mechanical condition of the mixture,
the nutritive ratio, and the aromatic effect. The following would have
been an improvement for the Guernseys and Shorthorns : —

Hay lbs. 12.00 X 30 days X 15 cows $10 00 $27 00

Ensilage " 5.00 " " 1 50 1 69

Cotton-seed Meal ..." 1.50 " " 26 00 8 77

Linseed Meal (.new proc.) " 3.00 " " 22 00 14 85

Bran " 6.00 " " 12 50 16 93

Oats " -t-OO " " 23 00 20 70

Corn Hearts . . . . " 5.00 " " 13 50 15 20

Middlings " 1.00 " " 13 00 2 92

Corn Meal " 1-00 " " 22 00 4 95

Carrots " 1-00 " " 8 00 1 75

$114 76

24

It will be observed that this ration is $3.52 higher that the Jersey.
The object has been to improve the condition, increase the'nitrogerious
constituents, and improve the scent and flavor by the addition of
cotton-seed, linseed meal, oats, and carrots. Expressed in percentage
composition, cotton-seed meal about 7 ; linseed meal, 14 ; bran 28 ;
oats, 19 ; corn hearts, 23 ; middlings, 3 ; corn meal, 3 ; carrots, 3 per
cent, equal 100 parts.

THE SWEEPSTAKE COMPETITION.

The special awards in this class were based on the work of the cows
during the first fifteen days of each of the three tests — the fifteen-day
cheese test the first fifteen days of the ninety-da}- test and the first fifteen
days' work in the thirty-da}' butter test. Only cows which had done
the four and a half consecutive months' work were eligible here ; and
before the award could be won, each cow had to accomplish a solid
four months' work.

The awards were as follows : —

(a.) The best cow in each breed competing: Jersey, "Merry
Maiden"; Guernsey, "Sweet Ada"; Shorthorn, "Nora."

(6.) The best cow in any breed competing : The Jersey, " Merry
Maiden."'

(c.) The best five cows in each breed competing : —

Jerseys.

Guernseys.

Hhorthorns

Merry Maiden,

$30.16

Sweet Ada,

$24.50

Nora,

$23 76

Brown Bessie,

29.46

Materna,

24.02

Genevieve,

21.42

Ida Marigold,

27.45

Select 8th,

24.01

Betsey 7th,

20.73

Baroness Argyle,

, 26.47

Amanda,

22.22

Bashful 2nd,

20.41

Hugo Countess,

25.92

Ethics of Cornwall,

21.27

Waterloo Daisy,

19.06

(d.) The best five cows in any breed competing : The five (5) Jer-
seys last named above.

(e.) The best breed competing : The Jersey.

Here, again, the question may be asked : Could not " Sweet Ada"
and " Materna " have had fourth and fifth places in the best five of
any breed in the sweepstakes, under a freer food ration?

It now remains to show the best single day's work of three cows of
each breed during the first fifteen days of the ninety-day test. Though
these cut no figure in the awards, they will help you to compare
phenomenal yields on your side with these animals, as they may be
said to be the only phenomenal cows in the tests. From whichever

25

standpoint the two sets in the Channel Island breeds are viewed, they
are marvels of dairy merit. " Brown Bessie " and " Merry Maiden "
made over three lbs. of butter per day on some days during the
ninety-day test, but inasmuch as no award was based on the yield for
one or two days of any individual animal, or a herd, no official ac-
count has been taken of extra heavy single days, except as integers
in the addition column.

Bkst Days during First Fifteen Days in Ninety-Day Test.

Milk, Lbs. Fat, Lbs. Butter, Lbs.

Jerseys —

Brown Bessie

Merry Maiden . .

Ida Marigold ... . .

G-nernseys —

Materna ...

Sweet Ada . . . .

Select 8th

Shorthorns —

Nora

Genevieve . . . . .
WaterlQO.Daisy

43.9

2.19

2.63

40.5

2.15

2.58

45.3

1.99

2.39

41.8

1.84

2.21

40.2

1.97

2.37

40.9

2.00

2.40

48.3

1.88

2.25

52.3

1.78

2.14

47.4

1.42

1.70

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RELATIVE STANDING OF TWENTY-SIX COWS

tha went through the entire time of tests Nos. 1, 2, and 3. The net
earnings of the first fifteen days of the three tests, being the ba^is of
the sweepstakes awards.

1

Net Profit in

Name.

5fS

i

Dollars and Cents.

3^^

H

^A

h<n"

S"

-K

6

15

pa

(0 .

eg

P

1

Merry Maiden . .

94H

Jersey.

6.66

12.129

11.476

80.165

2

Brown Bessie

1,026

t(

5.46

11.245

12.761

29.466

3

Ida Marigold

1,169

"

6.97

10.419

10.063

27.452

4

Baroness Argyle

1,005

'.

6.12

11.103

9.250

26.473

5

Hugo Countess .

911

"

5.96

10.877

9.083

25.920

6

Sheba Rex ....

1,013

"

5.24

11.162

9.354

25.756

7

Sweet Ada . .

1,135

Guerh.

5.27

9.742

9.493

24.505

8

Materna

1.080

"

4.82

10.211

8.986

24.017

9

Select 8th

1,043

((

4.79

10.637

8.583

24.010

10

Flora Temple 3d .

1,079

Jersey.

4.67

10.072

9.082

23.824

11

Nora . .

1,224

S-Horn.

6 27

9.968

7.525

23.763

12

Exile's Lulu .

96S

Jersey.

6.10

8.447

8.998

2S.545

13

Signal Queen . .

1,094

it

6.34

9.184

7.947

23.471

14

Amanda

977

Guern.

5.06

10.608

6.557

22.225

IS

Genevieve .

1,297

S-llorn.

5.28

9.003

7.142

21.425

16

Ethics of Cornwall

975

Guern.

4.34

9.073

7.8£.7

21.270

17

Sayda 3d . .

990

Jersey.

3.84

8.909

8.074

20.823

18

Betsy 7th . . . .

1,216

S-Horn.

5.63

8.735

6.368

20.728

19

Bashful 2d, imp.

1,347

;'

4.07

8.368

7.975

20.413

20

Waterloo Daisy

1,317

3 12

8.220

7.722

19.062

21

Lady of EUerslie .

900

Guern.

2.80

8.255

6.882

17.987

22

Kitty Clay 7th

1,287

S-Horn.

4.52

5.804

6.391

16.715

23

Aldine . . . . •

99lt

Guern.

1.92

7.565

7.180

16.665

24

Belle Price . . .

1,234

S-Horn.

2.79

6.685

5.825

15.800

25

Rosa . .

1,241

"

2.40

6.316

4.811

13.527

26

Lucy Ann ....

1,434

"

2.33

.5.481

5.107

12.918

Size and constitutional vigor suggest many interesting questions
in this summary.

THE HEIFER TEST.

contained only seven Jerseys and six Shorthorns, and the work
extended over twenty-one days. The work done was highly credit-
able.

28

The test lasted twenty-one days and the official report gives the
following figures : —

POOD CONSUMED.

Jersbts.

8HOKTHOBN3.

Total
Lbs.

Daily Av.
each cow.

Total
Lbs.

Daily Av.
each cow.

Hay .

. 1,471.5

10.01

922.

7.30

Silage . .

. . . 42.0

.28

1,593.

12.60

Bran . . .

. . . 893.0

6.08

709.

5.60

Middlings

. . 260.0

1.80

250.

1.98

Corn Hearts

78.

.53

596.

4.73

Oats . .

. . 482.

3.28

176.

1.40

Corn meal .

573.

3.90

—

—

Oil meal

. . 348.5

•.i.37

118.5

.94

Cotton seed .

274.5

1.86

332.

2.63

The cost of the dailj' ration averaged 23.5 cents for the Jerseys
and 18.7 cents for the Shorthorns ; the Jerseys at the rate of 19.82
pounds of grain each per day, and the Shorthorns 17.28 pounds. On
this feed, the average daily return by the Jerseys was 1.321 pounds
of batter, and 1.02 pounds live weight gain ; the Shorthorns gave .971
pounds of butter, and 3.05 pounds increase in live weight. The food
cost of the Jersey butter was 17.7 cents per pound ; and of the Short-
horn butter it was 19.2 cents per pound.

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Lily Garfield

Mies Uenick 24th

Fancy 15th

Jeaoetie of Pittsford .
Woodstock Mystery.

Aggie 2d

Campania

4th Belle of Trowbridge

Eltruria

lalo F

Blo-som

Woodstock Lady. . . .

Kitty Clay 8th

Average for Jerseys.
Average for Shorthorns,

J.
SH.
SH.

J.

J.
SH.

J.
SH.

J.

J.
SH.

J.
BH.

662.7
690.9
622.3
601.8
388.6
474.1
666.7
.362.6
483.4
466.S
335.3
398.1
296.8
479.6
430.2

37.488

26.085

23.078

29.973

26.223

23.211

28 127

19.148

24.137

26.251

14.55

23.027

16.289

27.746

20.394

14.996

10.44
9.23

11.989

10.493
9.286

11.25
7.662
9.656

10.099
5.825
9.209
6.512

11.10
8.16

1.066
1.038
.929
.936
.727
.866
1.037

.63

.743

.663

.90

.786

0.866

3.61

2.79

.9
1.216
2.296

.9
3.106
1.756

.946
3.24

.18
2.34

.96

16.9] :

14.989

12.96

13.826

12.435

12.445

14.042

11.455

12.309

11.912

9.696
10.182

9.415
12.96
11.825

5.697

4.019

3.576

6.14

3.782

4.17

5.286

3 946

5.09

4.716

3.794

4.728

4.024

4.92

3.921

1122
10.97
9 374
8 686
8.653
8.276
7.901
7.61
7.219
7.196
6.901
5.404
6.391
8.04
7.904

Few of these heifers were over two years old.
And now the delicate and responsible task you invited me to take
up in reviewing the dairy cow work of the two nations in their verv

29

highest areras of effort must come to a close. I have presented all
the testimony I could command on either side, showing your strongest
points. In the Chicago Higli Court of Appeal the most rigid and
equitable of rules of procedure have been followed. Every material
fact has been stated, and the evidence collected must go down in his-
tory unquestioned. The judges must be those international jurors
who read, observe, think, work among, and earn their daily brend
with the co-operation of the good cows on both sides the ocean.

The Verdict,

as I understand it, according to all rules of procedure among lawyers
and sportsmen, may be summarized as follows : —

1. According to the evidence set forth, the only complete work
ever done to learn the relative business value of a cow was at tbe
World's Fair, Chicago.

2. Inasmuch as net earnings is the only and absolute mode of de-
termination, the Chicago work is incomparable.

3. In so far as phenomenal yields are concerned, we may accord
the honor to your Shorthorn this year, and to the Black Poll of last
year. It may also be true that you have a greater number of heavy
dairy producing Shorthorns than we have. I think this is true.

4. Inasmuch as the largest yield can never be the same as the
greatest earnings in net profit, the butter breeds on both sides of the
water have shown themselves the superior animals. Nor have the
winners always been the largest cows.

o. It is also demonstrated beyond question that marked individ-
uality is a most potent factor in all animal endeavor.

6. Inasmuch as continued increase in live weight has always been
at the expense of dairy work, it must be allowed that the production
of meat by dairy animals, at whatever price, is costly compared to
the food value of a quart of milk of standard quality, or a pound of
butter at a food cost of thirteen to fifteen cents.

7. The best dairymen on our side prefer the most economical ani-
mal, and most good business-men east of Niagara Falls long since
chose the Channel Island breeds, and their crosses, for profit.

5. The best cow is the poor man's cow.

9. The Chicago verdict harmonizes with the best business practice
I know from Baltimore to Montreal, and from Niagara to Maine, for
the last quarter of a century ; and from Niagara to the Missouri, and
Chicago to New Orleans, the Channel Island cows, and their crosses,

30

have beeu asserting their superior business merit for nearly twenty
years.

Before I utter my last word, permit a suggestion. Your Associa-
tion and the " Koyal " have had a unique career. We have nothing
like either on this side. Both societies are supported entirely by
members' subscriptions ; neither receives a shilling from the State.
You have done a great and honorable work. You are rich in men of
great public spirit. Among your ex-presidents and your active work-
ing members there is public spirit enough to wish to surpass the
Chicago work. Will you not organize a great test yourselves ? If
our conlentioa with reference to the Channel Island cattle is wrong,
and your own view of the superiority of j-our Shorthorn is correct, it
- is worth something to have the doubt settled. You have accumulated
facts enough in your fourteen years' experience to make you doubt
your Shorthorn. A great public test of one hundred and fifty days —
or a half-year's cow work on cheese, all products, and butter — at a
cost of £2.5,000, would be a good investment for the British dairy in-
terests. Why not try? You would have the advantage of us in
providing rich green clover instead of the coarse stuff Chicago
cows had for fodder. You could do the work on some spot
near London ; begin in April and end in September ; then exhibit your
cows at the Dairy Show in October decorated with the awards, and so
raise the receipts from admissions. A huiidred thousand extra at-
tendance ought to be easy in London, and would be £5,000 — a pretty
good start towards the cost of the tests. Breeders would no doubt
join forces as ours did, and the thing could be done. Why not do it,
and let us have a new form of business rivalry, and a fresh taste of
a farmer's sport of a flrst-class international interest?

The British dairy farmer has an immense interest involved; if you
can turn on new light, something may be done to aid him in solving the
hard business problems he confronts every day. The truth will be a
sunbeam of encouragement, and a beacon to renewed endeavor. The
good dairyman is of no State or country ; we are as likely to find him
in a lonely Swedish village as within iifty miles of London or Paris.
He is just as numerous and as skilful in America as he is in Germany or
Denmark. Our chief differences are our points of view, and local
prejudices never enlighten, though they often obscure. The Chicao-o
work has been called a dairy classic ; you have the power aud oppor-
tunity to create a dairy encyclopaedia within the present century. I
shall hope to see it done.

APPENDIX.

RULES FOR TESTING DAIRY CATTLE

AT STATE FAIRS.

Entries should state the age of the cow, her weight, the number of
calves she has borne, the date of last calving, and the date of service,
if bred.

The Basis of Avtards

should be as follows : —

For every pound of solids, not fat, two points, equal to two cents
per pound, or twenty-two cents per hundred for skim milk.

For every pound of fat, thirty-two points, equal to two cents per
ounce, or forty cents per pound of butter.

For every twenty days from calving, one point.

For every twenty days of gestation, dating from last service, one
point.

Two points for every pound of solids, not fat, is equal to twenty-
two cents per hundred for an average quality of skim milk ; one cent
per ounce of fat, by Babcock machine, equals twenty cents per pound
of churned butter ; and every quarter cent extra for an ounce of fat
equals five cents per pound on butter.

How TO Apply It.

Find the weight of milk by weighing ; then take the specific gravity
of the milk at a temperature of sixty degrees with a Queveune lacto-
meter. Test a sample of milk by the Babcock machine for fat, and
calculate results as follows : —

32 pounds of milk ;
4.10 per cent fat ;
1.033 specific gravity.

32

Total solids = ^ specific gravity added to | of the fat, thus :

Solids, not fat. Fat. S. G. 1.033 .5165

.32 .32 Fat 4.10 -s- 5 .802

9.08 4.10 Equals total solids, 13.185

256 32 Less fat, 4.10

2.88 128

9.08

2 905 1.312 = Solids not fat

32 pounds milk, 9.08 solids, not fat, 2.9 poundsJX 2, 5.80

32 pounds milk, 4.10 fat = 1.312 X 32 . . . 41.94

Days since calved, 60 ..... . 3.00

Gestation, 49 < 2.45

Total . 52.19

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Do You Use

Cold Storage or Ice ?

Would you not like to do away with the bother and
slop of ice and regulate your temperature by a turn of
the wrist ?

It is cheapest to have your own plant nowadays.

Let us know what you pay

For Ice,

Running Expenses of Plant,

or Cold Storage Bills

per year. We will give you a full report promptly. It
won't cost you anything and may save you a good deal,
of money. Write to

THE WICKES REFRIGERATOR CO.,

860 Broadway, N. Y.
ERNEST F. WALTON, Manager.

Ice and Mechanical Refrigeration,

Wickes &. Westinghouse Systems.

We give the smallest dairy boxes- and the largest
Cold Storage houses the same careful attention. We
have 10,000 Refrigerator Cars and over 3,000 Produce
Rooms in daily use.