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Cornell University Library
F 497.C9J66

History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio.With po

3 1924 010 461 790

FifjstCouf^ House and Jail.
Erected IN i8i2.torn down i830. ( di^awn by Wm Wate(^mai

Second Coukt House.
S IV Corner Monumental SQUAfjE. EfjECTED laga. removed in lese .

Third Court house

BUILT 1858.

Fourth Court House.

" FROM OfiiGiNAL Design " Com M ENCED 1875. f Unfinished, j

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-OF-

CUYAHOGA COUNTY,

OHIO.

PART FIRST.— GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY.
PART SECOND.-HISTORY OF CLEVELAND.

PART THIRD.-HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS.

liiith IJorioits and |||i0gra||likal ^Itdirli^^

COMPILED BY CRISFIELD JOHNSON.

PUBLISHED BY D. W. ENSIGN & CO.

»i I

PRESS OF LEADER PRINTING COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CONTENTS.

I3:iSTOI?.IC!^L-

HISTOEY OF OUTAHOGA COUNTY.

II.

III.

IV.

VI,

VII.

VIII.

IX.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII,

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI,
XXII.-

XXIII.
XXIV.

XXV,

XXVI.-

XXVII,

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.— (

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII,

XXXIV,

XXXV.-

XXXVI.-

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XL.-

XLI.-

XLII.-

XLIII.-

PART FIRST,

General History of the County.

PAGE

— The Situation in 1626 13

— ^Prehlstorio Speculations . . 15

. — The Bries and their Destruction . . 17

— Disputed Dominion ... 20

, — English Dominion 24

,— The Period from 1783 to 1794 . ,S0

— Sale and Survey ... 36

—The Period from 1798 to 1800 . . 44

—The Period from ISOl to 1806 . . 47

—The Period from 1807 to 1812 . 53

,— The War of 1812 .... 58
— From the War to the Canal ... .63

— Progress, Inflation, and " Hard Times" 70

—The Period from 1840 to 1861 . . 74

— During and since the War .... 80

— First and Fifth Infantry ... 83

— Seventh Infantry 85

-Eighth, Fourteenth, and Seventeenth Infantry . 94

-The Twenty-third Infantry 96

-Twenty-fourth, Twenty-seventh, and Thirty-sev-
enth Infantry, etc 101

■Forty-first Infantry 106

Forty-second, Forty-third, and Fifty-second In-
fantry 115

-Fifty-fourth, Fifty-eighth, and Sixtieth Infantry 117
■Sixty-first, Sixty-fifth, and Sixty-seventh In-
fantry 121

-Eighty-fourth, Eighty-sixth, and Eighty-seventh

Infantry, etc. ....... 126

■One Hundred and Third Infantry, etc. . . 128

■One Hundred and Seventh- Infantry, etc. . 136

-One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infantry . . 139
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth and One Hundred

and Twenty- eighth Infantry .... 146

■One Hundred and Twenty-ninth and One Hundred

and Fiftieth Infantry . . . 151

-The One-Year Infantry Regiments . 153

-The Sharpshooters . . 161

-Second and Sixth Cavalry, etc. . 163

-Tenth and Twelfth Cavalry . 170

First Light Artillery, etc. . . . 174

•The Independent Batteries, etc. 181
■The Press .... .188

■Colleges .... .202

-Various Societies, etc. . . 204

■The National Guard, etc. . . 207

■Census Notes . . . 210

Cuyahoga County Civil List . 210

Geology .... . . 214

CHAPTER

XLIV.-

XLV.-

XLVI.-

XLVII.-

XLVIII.-

XLIX.-

L.-

LI.-

LII.-

LIII.-

LIV.-

LV.-

LVI.-

LVII.-

LVIIL-

LIX.-

LX.-

LXL-

LXII.-

LXIII.-

LXIV.-

LXV.-

LXVI.-

LXVIL-

LXVIir.-

LXIX.-

LXX.-

.LXXL-

LXXII.-

LXXIII.-

LXXIV.-

LXXV.-

LXXVL-

LXXVII.-

LXXVIIL-

LXXIX.-

LXXX.-

LXXXI.-

LXXXII.-

LXXXIIL-

LXXXIV.-

LXXXV.-

LXXXVL-

LXXXVIL-

PART SECOND.

The City of Cleveland.

-The First Four Tears .
-The Village from 1800 to 1815
-The Village from 1815 to 1825
-From 1825 to the City Charter
-An Outline of Later Tears .
-Protestant Episcopal Churches
-The Methodist Churches
-The Presbyterian Churches .
-The Saptist and Disciple Churches
-Roman Catholic Churches, etc.
-The Congregational Churches
-Evangelical and other Churches .
-Benevolent Institutions

-The Masons

-Odd-Fellows and Knights of Pythias .
-Foresters, Enights of Honor, and Clubs
-Board of Trade, Banks, etc. .
-Miscellaneous'Departments and Institutions
-Manufactures
-Schools and Libraries
-The Cleveland Bar
-Cleveland Civil List
-Biographical Sketches

(continued)

FART THIRD.

The Townships.

-Bedford .
-Brecksville .
-Brooklyn
■Chagrin Falls .
-Dover .
-East Cleveland
-Euclid .
-Independence
-Maytield
-Middleburg .
-Newburg
-Olmstead
-Orange
-Parma .
-Rockport
-Royalton
-Solon .
-Strongsvillo .
-Warrensville .

PAGE

223
229
23«
240
242
245
250
255
259
263
268
272
278
285
289
293
297
301
306
310
317
321
327
348
374

403
411
416
425
435
443
452
460
466
471
481
484
491
497
501
510
515
520
528

B I O C3- 1^ J^ 1= S: I O -A- L.

John W. Allen .
Sherlock J. Andrews
William W. Armstrong
Elbert Irving Baldwin
Melancthon Barnett
Geol'ge A. Benedict
Hamilton Fisk Bigga)
William Bowler .
Alva Bradley
Francis Branch .
Gaius Burk
Stevenson Burke

PAGE

FAGR

. 327

Leonard Case

. 336

. 327

Selah Chamberlain

. 337

. 329

Henry Chisholm

. 337

. 329

William Chisholm

338

. 330

Ahira Cobb

3.38

. 330

James M. Coffinberry .

. 340

. 331

William Collins .

. Ul

. 332

Edwin Weed Cowles

. 342

. 333

Edwin Cowles .

343

. 334

Samuel Cowles .

. 346

. 334

D. W. Cross ....

. 346

. 335

John Crowell . . . .

. 346

CONTENTS.

■bxog:ei,j^'fti.xgj^Xj.

Jolin Henry Devereux
William H. Doan
Daniel P. Bells .
Sylvester T. Everett .
James Farmer
Seneca 0. Griswold
Edwin B. Hale .
Truman ^P. Handy
Benjamin Harrington
Henry J. Herrick
Kensselaer R. Herrick
Orlando J. Hodge
Geo. William Howe .
James M. Hoyt .
Hinman B. Hurlbut .
John Hutchins .
Levi Johnson
Alfred Kelley
Thomas M. Kelley
Charles Gregory King
Zenas King
Jared Potter Kirtland
David Long
Robert F. Paine
Richard C. Parsons
Henry B. Payne
Frederick William Pelton
Jacob Perkins
Nathan Perry
Houston H. Poppleton
Thomas Quayle .
Daniel P. Rhodes
Ansel Roberts
John P. Robison
William G. Rose
James Henry Salisbury
John C. Sanders

348
350
351
352
353
354
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
363
364
365
366
366
367
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
373
374
375
377
378
379
379
381

William Johnson Scott
Elias Sims . . .
Abraham D. Slaght ,
Amasa Stone
Andros B. Stone
Worthy S. Streator .
Peter Thatcher .
Amos Townsend .'
Oscar Townsend .
Jephtha H. Wade
Samuel Williamson
Hiram V. Willson
Rufus King Winslow
Reuben Wood
Timothy Doane Crocker
Rufus P. Ranney
Theodore Breck .
Moses Hunt
Moses Mathews .
Isaiah W. Fish .
Martin Kellogg .
Abel S. Hinckley
Harvey W. Curtiss
L. G. Porter
John Doane
Col. Ezra Eddy
Frederick Willson
John Baldwin
Henry Parker
A. P. Knowlton .
David Johnson Stearns
Amos Boynton .
John P. Spencer .
Lewis Nicholson .
Israel D. Wagar .
Alanson Pomeroy

PAGE

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

392

393

394

395

397

facing

410
412

414

416

'•

422

424

434

facing

440
450

facing

468
470

facing

472
476

478

491

495

facing

504
506

509

527

iXjXjTJSTE>^a?ioisrs.

Cuyahoga County Court-Houses {Frontispiece)
Outline Map of Cuyahoga County
Portrait of Nathan Perry (steel)

H. V. Willson
" John Crowell

" S. J. Andrews

" R. P. Ranney

" H. B. Payne

" Stevenson Burke (steel)

" William Collins "

Geo. A. Benedict "
" R. C. Parsons "

" Edwin Cowles "

" Edwin W. Cowles "

" Jacob Perkins "

J. P. Robison "

" Amos Townsend "

W. S. Streator "

Geological Map of Cuyahoga County .
Portrait of John Hutchins (steel)
Profile Section Across the Cuyahoga Valley
Portrait of Gen. Moses Cleaveland
" S. Williamson (steel)

" B. Harrington "

" S. Chamberlain "

" Z. King "

" H. B. Hurlbut "

" James Farmer "

J. H. Wade "

" llanl P. Eells '•

W. H. Doan '•
" Peter Thatcher (steel)

T. P. Handy "

" E. B. Hale "

" S. T. Everett "

D. P. Rhodes
'■ A. B. Stone "

" William Chisholm (steel)

" Henry Chisholm

" A, Stone

" J. M. Coffinherry

" James M. Hoyt

F. W. Pelton

Wm. G. Rose

PAOE

PAGE

facing title.

Portrait of R. R. Herrick (steel)

faoinff

326

" E. I. Baldwin "

328

" H. F. Biggar "

330

" William Bowler "

332

A. Bradley

334

A. Cobb

338

D. W. Cross

344

' J. H. Devereux "

348

" ■ 78

S. 0. Griswold "

354

" 82

" H. J. Herrick "

356

188

'• George W. Howe "

360

192

C. G. King "

366

between 194, 195

R. F. Paine ....

368

194,195

H. H. Poppleton (steel)

372

facing 202

" Thomas Quayle "

374

206

'' Ansel Roberts "

376

210

" 3. H. Salisbury "

378

212

" J. C. Sanders "

380

214

Elias Sims "

382

216

A. D. Slaght

384

. 217

•' Francis Branch "

384

facing 223

Oscar Townsend "

■ 1

388

" 236

T. D. Crocker

[ _ .<

396

240

S. V. HarknesB

400

244

" Theodore Breck

410

246

" Moses Hunt .

• « „

412

256

" Moses Mathews

414

276

" Isaiah W. Pish

416

280

" Martin Kellogg

422

282

" Abel S. Hinckley .

425

284

H. W. Curtiss (steel)

facing

434

" 288

L. G. Porter .

440

296

" John Doane (steel)

450

298

Col. Ezra Eddy

468

300

Frederick Willson (steel)

470

" 304

" John Baldwin .

472

306

" Henry Parker ....

476

between 308, 309

'• A. P. Knowlton

478

308, 309

" Gains Burke ....

482

facing 310

" David J. Stearns

491

" 316

" John P. Spencer

facing

504

" 320

Lewis Nicholson .

506

322

Israel D. Wagar (steel) .

508

324

" Alanson Pomeroy .

526

INTRODUCTION.

npHE subject of our history comprises the present
-*- territory of the county of Cuyahoga and the
acts of the inhabitants of that territory. Everything
lying beyond those limits will receive only such men-
tion as may be necessary to show the connection of
the chain of events.

The work is naturally divided into three portions.
The first consists of a general history of the county,
comprising a connected chronological record of the
principal events from the earliest accounts down to
the year 1879; followed by some statistical matter,
by condensed histories of the principal regiments and
batteries containing Cuyahoga county soldiers in the
War for the Union, and by sketches of various organ-
izations which pertain to the county at large, but an
account of which cannot well be incorporated in the
continuous record.

The second part is composed of a history of the
city of Cleveland constructed on the same plan; that
is, with a general account of the city's magnificent
progress from its first permanent settlement by the
whites to the present time, accompanied with separate
sketches of the various churches, societies, and other
prominent institutions within its present corporate
limits.

The third part will be occupied by histories of all
the townships in the county; each being arranged on
the same plan as that of the city, though necessarily
occupying far less space, and the first settlement by
the whites being taken as the starting point in each.

Interspersed among these city and township histo-
ries will be found numerous portraits of citizens of
the county, accompanied by biographical sketches,
together with illustrations of buildings and natural
scenery.

The earlier portion of the general history of the
county is necessarily derived entirely from books,
while for the later part contributions have also been
levied on newspapers, manuscript records and per-
sonal reminiscences. For the city and township
histories we have depended principally on the three
last named sources of information, it being seldom
that we find crystalized in books the facts occurring
during the present century, to which those minor
histories principally relate.

In regard to early history, we are under especial
obligations to Colonel Cliarles Whittlesey's "Early
History of Cleveland." As Colonel Whittlesey has
gone over the same ground, many of the facts nar-
rated by us relating to the title and survey of tlie
Western Reserve, and the first settlement of the
county, are also mentioned by him, although we have
consulted many other authorities and original manu-
scripts, and some surviving residents of the county
previous to the war of 1812, and have added consid-
erable to the stores contained in the Colonel's valuable
repository. The arrangement, the language and the
conclusions are entirely our own.

We also beg leave to acknowledge our obligations
to the following volumes, which we have had oc-
casion to consult during the progress of our work:
Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio; Parkman's
Conspiracy of Pontiac; Parkman's Jesuits in North
America; Parkman's Discovery of the Northwest;
Bancroft's History of the Upited States; Bouquets'
Expedition against the Ohio Indians; Crawford's
Campaign against the Indians of Sandusky; Lossing's
Field Book of the War of 1812; Eeid's Ohio in the
War; Joblin's Cleveland Past and Present; Freese's
Early History of Cleveland Schools; Higher Educa-

(9)

INTEODUCTION.

tioual Institutions of Ohio; Kilbourn's History of the
Ohio Canals; Payne's Cleveland Illustrated; Hayden's
History of the Disciples in the Western Eeserve;
Wood's Kecord of the Seventh Ohio Infantry; Hayes'
Journal-History of the One Hundred and Third Ohio
Volunteers; Mason's Record of the Twelfth Ohio
Cavalry; Trade's Annuals of the Nineteenth Ohio
Battery; Our Acre and its Harvests, by Mary Clark
Brayton and Ellen F. Terry, etc., etc. We have paid
especial attention to the military record of the county
in the War for the Union, and believe we have made
it as complete as was practicable in the space we were
able to devote to it.

We also desire to express our especial obligations to
the officers of the Western Reserve Historical Society
for the ample opportunities afforded us of consulting
the valuable library, newspaper files and manuscripts
of that institution. Our acknowledgements are also
due the librarians of the City Library and the Cleve-
land Library Association for similar favors. The
ladies and gentlemen who have favored us with per-
sonal reminiscences bearing upon our subject are so
numerous that it is almost impossible to do more than
express our obligations to them en masse. We shall
endeavor, however, to mention the more important
contributions in connection with the various portions
of the work in which they have been used.

It is needless to say to any sensible person that in a
work of this magnitude, and of such multiplicity of

details, there must be some errors. Especially is this
to be feared in a county of such rapid development
as Cuyahoga — in a city of such marvelous growtli as
Cleveland. Where civilization has charged through
the wilderness at a "double quick;'" where the bears
of the forest still lingered after the bears of the stock
exchange had begun to growl; where lawyers have had
to fight with wolves and doctors have sometimes been
confronted by panthers; where the Indian trail of
three fourths of a century ago is replaced by a street
which is proudly claimed to be the finest in the world,
there has been little time to make a record of these
kaleidoscopic changes. Nay, the memory of surviv-
ing witnesses may well be sometimes at fault, confused
by the swift succession of events — by a growth of
county and city unequaled outside of America, and
rarely matched even in our wonder-working country.
But we have taken great pains to secure accuracy,
and we believe we have succeeded so far as success is
possible in a work of this nature. As for the manner
in which this mass of local information has been
arranged and presented, we must leave it to the judg-
ment of our readers. Those readers we now invite
to ascend with us the stream of Time for two hun-
dred arid fifty years, in a single instant, preparatory
to taking their places in the ship " History," and sail-
ing slowly down the mighty river, noting year after
year, decade after decade, century after century, the
marvelous changes takingplace on its teeming shores.

';iisTORY OF Cuyahoga County,

PART FIRST:

GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY,

Outline Map of

CUYAHOGA Co.

OHIO

Scak-iFCveMiksto xxn, Inch

M ED I /( N A

i Co

^^.|-|z:^.

General History of Cuyahoga County,

CHAPTER I.

THE SITUATION IN 1626.

First Information— The Neuter Nation— Tlie Eries— Their Connection
With the Iroquois— Their Location— Open Ground to the South-
Neighbors on the West— Slight Knowledge of the Eries- Genera^
Character of the Indians— Meager Authority of Sachems and Chiefs
—Absence of Property and of Jealousy — Forest and Game.

The first definite knowledge regarding the occu-
pants of the sonth shore of Lake Erie datesfrom the
year 1626, when Father La Roche Dailloii, a "Recol-
let" missionary, preached among the Attiwandar-
onks, more commonly known as the Kahquahs, called
by the French the Neuter Nation. This peculiar
tribe was principally located in the Canadian penin-
sula on the north shore of Lake Erie, having, how-
ever, several outlying villages on the east side of the
Niagara, and extending a short distance from Buffalo
up the southeastern side of the lake.

Before going farther, we may note that at the time
our story begins, the French had been for twenty-
three years established on the shores of the St.
Lawrence, the Dutch were already located at the
mouth of the Hudson, while the Pilgrim Fathers had
for six years been sternly battling with want, and
hardship, and danger, on the rock-boiuid shores of
New England. The position of the French on the
St. Lawrence gave them a great advantage in prose-
cuting discoveries and establishing posts along the
great lakes, and that adventurous people were well
disposed to make the fullest possible use of their
opportunities.

From the information obtained by Father Daillon
during his sojourn among the Neuter Nation, eked
out by occasional reports from straggling French
hunters and Iroquois chiefs, it appears that at that
time all the southern shore of the lake, from the
mouth of Cattaraugus creek, in New York, to the
vicinity of Sandusky bay, was occupied by a powerful
tribe of Indians, called Erie or Erickronons (people
of Erie) and known by the French as the Nation of
the Gat. It is not exactly certain that " Brie " meant
"cat" in the Indian language, but such is believed
to be the case. Some writers have claimed that the
Eries and Neuters were the same nation, but the
weight of evidence is decidedly in favor of ^ their sep-
arate existence, and the powerful authority of Park-^

man ("Jesuits of North America," p. 44) is on the.
same side.

Little is known of the Eries save that they were a
powerful tribe, of kindred blood witli the celebrated
Iroquois, or Five Nations, and speaking a dialect of
the same language. In fact, according to the most
profound students of Indianology (if we may be al-
lowed to coin a convenient word) the Iroquois, the
Neuter Nation, the Eries and the Ilurons were all
parts of one aboriginal stock, while around them, on.
the north, the east and the south were various branches
of the still larger Alrjonqidn race. Tradition asserts
that at one time the authority of the Eries extended
as far east as the Genesee river in Now York, which
was the boundary between them and the fierce Sene-
cas, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois confeder-
acy. Their villages, however, were on the shore of
the lake which bears their name, and as near as can
be ascertained, their princij)al seats stretched from
the vicinity of the present city of Brie to that of
Cleveland.

To the southward there was a vast opr i space, al-
ternately the hunting ground and the battlefield of
rival tribes, over whicli the Eries could range with
more or less difiiculty, to the confines of the Choctaws
and Cherokees. On the west and northwest were the
lands of the powerful Otfatvas, Pottaivattomies, Lhip-
pewas and Miamis. It will be understood that the
word "powerful" is used in a relative sense, meaning
powerful for a tribe of Indians. The Senecas, the
strongest of the Five Nations, had but about a thou-
sand wari'iors, and it is not probable that either of the
western tribes, including the Eries, had more than
that number.

Less is known of the Eries than of most other In-
dian tribes, for during the middle part of the seven-
teenth century the French missionaries and fur-traders
were generally deterred by the enmity of the Iroquois
from taking the route to the West by way of Lake
Erie, and ere that route was opened to European,
travel the Erie nation was blotted out of existence,,
as will hereafter be described. From the slight ac-
counts which have reached us, however, it is evident
that they did not differ materially from the other In-
dian tribes which surrounded them, and whose char-
acteristics are so well known to Americans.

(13)

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Fierce, cruel and intractable, the men spent their
time in hunting and fighting, while the women not
only performed their domestic labors, but bore all
burdens when attending their masters, and planted,
tended and gathered the maize, the pumpkins and
the beans, which were the principal vegetable food of
the tribe. Slight indeed were the bonds of govern-
ment imposed on these most democratic of republic-
ans. A few of the elder men were known as sachems,
a position rather of honor than of power, though they
exercised a gentle authority in maintaining order at
home, and determined whether there should be peace
or war with neighboring tribes.

In war, the leadership of the tribe devolved on
younger men, called war-chiefs, but even these had
no authority resembling that exercised by the officers
of a civilized army. War being once declared, any
ambitious chief could raise a party of volunteers to
go on a raid against the enemy. They usually fol-
lowed his guidance, but in case they refused to obey
him thei-e was no punishment known to Indian law
which could be inflicted upon them. Even if one of
them showed cowardice, the severest chastisement
visited upon him was to call him a "squaw," and de-
bar him hencefortli from the honors and privileges of
a warrior. This, however, was a terrible punishment
to men whose only idea of glory or fame was in con-
nection with warlike prowess. Sometimes, in cases
of great importance, the chiefs called the whole nation
to arms, but even then those who failed to respond
were merely designated as "squaws," and left in com-
pany with the squaws.

Of civil government there was little need. Fero-
cious as the Indians were against their enemies, the
members of the various tribes seldom quarreled among
themselves. There was not much for them to quar-
rel about. There was almost no individual property
save the stone tomahawk, the bow and the arrows
which each man could manufacture for himself; so
there were no contests arising from the sin of covet-
ousncss. The marriage bond sat lightly upon them,
although they were not a peculiarly licentious race.
They were merely apathetic in that respect, and mar-
ital infidelity did not awaken the anger often felt
among barbarous nations no purer than the Indians;
so tliere were few quarrels about women. Liquor had
not been introduced among them, and thus another
large class of troubles was avoided.

True, they had ferocious and malignant tempers,
bnt it was not necessary to exercise them at home,
and until after the introduction of liquor they seldom
did so. If a number of Erie braves felt their native
fierceness gnawing in their breasts till it must have
vent, it was needless for them to slay each other; they
could get up a war party, go forth and scalp a few
Ottawa women, or burn a captured Seneca warrior,
and be happy.
The whole Indian system was opposed to the idea

of stringent government. Parental restraint over
children was of the lightest kind, though great def-
erence was paid to age in both men and women. The
little copper-colored rogues ran about in naked bless-
edness, doing whatsoever they liked; the girls, as they
approached womanhood, expecting nothing else than
to share the labors of the wigwam and cornfield, while
the adolescent boys eagerly trained themselves to be-
come hunters and warriors.

When the Sries were the lords over the territory of
Cuyahoga county there was ample opportunity for the
young braves to exercise themselves there in the ex-
hilarating duties of the chase. The level or gently
undulating ground, comijosed of sandy soil near the
lake and a clayey loam farther back, was covered with
a gigantic growth of beeches, maples, oaks, elms, etc.,
probably unsurpassed on the continent. The Indians
were in the habit of burning off the underbrush so
that they could more readily see the game, and this
killed the small trees, but caused the large ones to
attain magnificent proportions.

Here the deer wandered in great numbers. Here
and there, in some aged and hollow tree, the black
bear made his hermitage through the wintry days,
coming forth in the spring to feed on roots and ber-
ries, and, later, on the ample supi)ly of nuts and acorns
afforded by the forest. Here, too, was occasionally
heard the fierce scream of the American panther, at
which even the hardy Indian youths shrank back in
dismay, leaving the task of confronting that dreaded
foe to the bravest warriors of the tribe.

Numerous birds flitted among the trees, on which
the children could test the strength of their tiny bows
and their own accuracy of aim, while at long intervals
the lordly eagle soared far overhead, or circled swiftly
downward to seize his prey, usually defying with im- ~
punity the arrows even of the most renowned bowmen
of the forest. Upon the earth, among many harm-
less congeners, crawled the deadly rattlesnake, which,
however, was easily avoided by the dark youth, shod
with wariness and buskined with cunning.

Life was even more abundant in the water than on
shore. The lake swarmed with pike, pickerel, stur-
geon, whitefish, etc., etc., some of which found their
way into the river, where they were met by the gleam-
ing trout from the upland streams.

Such was Cuyahoga county and its inhabitants at
the time when the first accounts regarding this locali-
ty came to the knowledge of the whites. Even then,
those accounts were very vague, but, as they have
been eked out by subsequently acquired knowledge,
one is able to bring up before the mind's eye a toler-
ably accurate picture of this primeval period. Before,
however, we move forward from this standpoint, it is
proper to make brief mention of that long, vague
period which antedates all reliable information, and
is commonly called the pre-historic era.

fftE-HlSTefilC SPECULATIONS.

CHAPTER II.

PKB-HISTOHIO SPECULATIONS.

Relics in Northern Ohio— The Mound-Builders— Old Fortifications of this
llegion — Worlcs in Cleveland— In Newburg— In Independence— At
the Forlcs of Rocky River- Outside the County— In Western New
Yorlc — Absence of Large Mounds — Coffins at Chagrin Falls— Evi-
dence ,ot Moderate Sizeil- Ancients— The Jaw-Bone Theory— Indian
Palisades— Their Superiority to Breastworks— Absence of Metal In-
struments— Conclusion in Favor of Ancient Indian Occupancy.

So FAR as is actually known, theories might have
been here ten years, or a hundred years, or a thou-
sand years, before they were heard of by the French.
Yet the restless and belligerent character of the
American Indians makes it improbable that any
tribe would remain many centuries in the same
locality, and doubtless the Eries gained their title to
this region by the good old process of driving away or
exterminating the preceding lords of the land, whose
rights were similarly grounded upon slaughter and
conquest.

But, aside from the probable occupancy of the coun-
ti-y by successive tribes of red men, there are works
and relics still extant in Cuyahoga county, as well
as in other parts of northern Ohio, in Pennsylvania
and in New York, wbich have led many to believe that
a race of a much higher grade of civilization than the
Indians once inhabited these regions. Those old in-
habitants are supposed to have been akin to the cele-
brated though somewhat mythical "Mound-Builders"
of the Ohio valley. But the works attributed to the
latter people are of a far different character from those
of their northern neigiibors, including not only exten-
sive fortifications capable of sbeltering ten, fifteen or
even twenty thousand men, but enormous mounds,
sometimes seven or eight hundred feet in cii-cum-
fereuce at tbe base and seventy feet high, and sup-
])osed CO have been, devoted to religious sacrifices.

Without entering into any discussion on the char-
acter or origin of the " Mound-Builders," which
would be entirely foreign to the purpose of this vol-
ume, it is safe to say that the worlis extant in Cuya-
hoga county and the rest of the lake region bear no
indications of having been erected by a race superior to
the American Indians. Nay, they show strong affirma-
tive evidence that their architects were not superior
to the red men discovered here by the Europeans.
The works in question are mostly fortifications of
moderate extent, the enclosed space rarely exceeding
Hye acres. In a majority of cases advantage has
been taken of a strong natural position, where only a
small amount of labor was necessary to fortify it.

Such is the case at one of the best preserved of
these embankments in Cuyahoga county. It is
within the limits of Cleveland city, but in what was
formerly the town of Newburg; being between Broad-
way and the Cuyahoga river, and only a short dis-
tance from that stream. The natural position con-
sisted of a peninsula surrounded on three sides by
ravines nearly sixty feet deep, with steep, clayey sides,
and joined to the main land on. the south by a nar-
row isthmus. On this isthmus, at the narrowest

point, the occupants of the situation built two em-
bankments, the outer one extending completely across
the neck, the inner one reaching nearly but not quite
across .the isthmus, leaving a narrow entrance- way on
the west side. The hight of both embankments is
about two feet, and each has a ditch on its outer side,
now very shallow, but apparently at one time some
tlu'ee feet deep.

The space thus enclosed contains about five acres,
and, although the land outside the ravines is of the
same hight as that within the "fort," yet foemeu
would have found it difficult to send their arrows to
the center of the enclosed spsice through the natui-al
growth of trees, eveu supjwsing that the defenders
knew nothing of the art of building palisades, on
which point there is no evidence.

Most of the other fortifications are of a similiu*
character, the object in each case being to fortify an
istiimus, and thus hold a kind of peninsula or prom-
ontory, nearly surrounded by ravines.

Just outside the city limits, in the present town-
ship of Newburg and close to the Cuyaiioga, is an-
other of these labor-saving fortifications, the enclosed
space being about the size of the one above described,
and the protecting ravines being even deeper, though
not so steep.

Two miles farther up the river, in the township
of Independence, is still another of these enclosures,
the area in this case being nearly ten aci:es. There
are two embankments across the isthmus, with a
ditch between them and, another outside of tiie outer-
most breastwork.

In tlie same township, a short distance north of
Tinker's creek, is another fortification by which a
promontory among the bluffs is defended from the
approach of an enemy.

At the forks of Eocky river, close to the line be-
tween the townships of Middlebui'g and Olinstead,
was one of the most remitrkable of these primitive
fortresses. It is a lofty eliff, almost su-rrounded by
the waters of the west branch of the river, with no
method of reaching the top save by an oblique and
difficult, path cut in the almost perpendicular side.
In front of tiiis path were three linos of breastworks,
from two to three feet high each, with' ditches in front
of tiiem, as in the case of the others before meur-
tioned. This was one of tlie most formidable of these
peculiar fortifications to be found in tiiis county.

Outside of the county there are, in northern Ohio,
many other works more elaborate and important than
those above mentioned, but all evidently constructed,
for the same purpose — that of fortifying with a little
labor ii strong natural position. Among these strong-
holds there is one in Northfield, Summit county,
where a promontory of about four acres, two hundied
feet above the Cuyahoga, is fortified by intrenchmients
across a very narrow ridge eonneetiug it with the back
country; one at Weymouth, Medina county, where a
peninsula of less than an. acre, formed by a bend of
Rocky river, is defended by tlwee lines of intrench.-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ment, from four to six feet high, counting from the
bottom of the ditch to the top of the bank; one near
Painesville, Lake county, where a narrow peninsula is
fortified by two embankments, the tops of which are
not less than nine feet from the bottom of the ditches
outside. There is also one near Conneaut, Ashtabula
county, bat this is on a somewhat different plan; a
space of five acres on the top of a detached mound,
seventy feet high, being entirely surrounded by a
circular intrenchment.

There were, at the time of the first settlement, a
large number of similar rude fortifications in western
New York, but there was less attention paid there to
tjie defense of peninsulas and promontories; a majority
of the works being complete redoubts, .each enclosed
by a single wall, a few feet high, with a ditch outside.
Some were on detached hills or mounds, but many
were in the valleys or on the open plains, and have
consequently been obliterated by cultivation. One of
the largest fortresses of that section, known as Fort
Hill, and situated in the town of Le Roy, Genesee
county, contained, when first discovered, great piles of
round stones, evidently intended to be used against
assailing foes.

Nowhere in the lake region are there found any of
tliose immense mounds, so prominent in the Ohio
valley, from which the name of " Mound-Builders "
has been derived, and applied to an .unknown race of
men. Some small mounds, a few feet high, have,
however, been discovered, generally in the vicinity of
the fortifications before described, and probably in-
tended as burial-places. One of these mounds, situ-
ated near Chagrin Palls, was opened in 1840, and
found to contain four rude, stonecoffins, without lids;
three of them being of the proper size for an ordi-
nary man, and one suitable for a half-grown boy.

These coffins are the strongest evidences with which
we are acquainted of the existence of an early race,
more advanced, than the Indians. .So far as known
the Indians never made stone coffins. On the other
hand those articles negative most decidedly the opin-
ion frequently advanced, that the ancient inhabitants
of this region, be they of what race they might, were
superior in bight to the people of modern times. It
is very certain that in numerous instances the thigh-
bone of a-big Indian has, by an imaginative process
of reconstruction, been developed into a whole race of
pre-historic giants. A commonly quoted evidence on
this point is the statement that some venerable jaw-
bone, taken from an ancient mound, will "fit right
on over" the jaw of an ordinary, adult white man; the
easy reasoner forgetting that any concave Ijody will
"fit right on over" a convex one as large as itself, and
that a score of bowls or kettles of the same size will
" fit" each other to perfection. '

So far as the fortifications are concerned there is
absolutely nothing to show that their builders were
superior to the inhabitants discovered by the white
men. ' True, the Indians, when first discovered, did
not build earthen breastworks, but they did build

palisades, requiring more labor and ingenuity than
tlie much vaunted earthworks. The palisaded castles
of the Five Nations were almost impregnable to any
foe not provided with fire-arms, and doubtless the
kindred, though hostile, Eries had provided them-
selves with similar defenses. The first Frenchman
who came to Montreal found there an Indian town of
fifty cabins, encompassed by three lines of palisades,
made of closely fitted timbers, near thirty feet high.
On the inside there was a lofty wooden rampart,
reached by ladders, and always kept well supplied
with stones with which to assail an enemy.

Such a fortress shows a much greater progress in
architectural skill than do the rude earthworks previ-
ously described. Moreover, considering that wooden
arrows and stone tomahawks were the most effective
weapons of the Indians, it is plain that the palisades
were a great improvement on the breastworks as a
protection against an enemy. Since artillery has
come into use among the whites, wooden and even
stone defenses have been abandoned in favor of earthen
ones, into which the balls of an enemy sink without
destructive results. But there was no danger of either
wooden or earthen walls being destroyed by arrows
or stone tomahawks; the problem was to jirevent the
foe from shooting or climbing over the barrier. For
this purpose it is evident that the palisade thirty feet
high was immensely superior to the low breastwork,
which could only with immense labor be raised five or
six feet above the surrounding country.

Moreover, while the intrenchment could hardly be
employed to advantage except on some strong natural
position, where its slight bight was eked out by the
ascent from lower ground, the palisade could be built
on the very bank of a stream, or in the midst of a
maize field, and afford almost perfect protection to
the cabins placed inside. While, therefore, among a
people who use artillery, earthen fortifications are an
advance on wooden or stone ones, yet the palisades of
the Iroquois and Eries show them to have advanced
in defensive skill beyond the men who erected the
earthworks of northern Ohio and western New York,
though very probably the former were descended from
the latter.

The coffins at Chagrin Falls are far stronger evi-
dences of ancient superiority to the Indians than are
the breastworks, but while it is true that Indians gen-
erally did not make stone coffins, yet they did make
weapons and utensils of stone, such as tomahawks, etc.,
and the existence of the larger articles in this vicinity
may be due to the fact that northern Ohio is much
more prolific than other sections in stone which is
easily shaped into any required form.

Another circumstance, showing that the pre-historic
inhabitants of this region were of the same race as
the Indians, or an inferior one, is the fact that no
metal instruments, not even of copper, have come
down to us from the pre-historic era. Flint arrow-
heads, flint knives, stone hatchets, there are in abun-
dance— all of the same kind as those used by the

THE ERlES A^t) T^HEIR DESTRtJCtlOH.

Indians — and if metal instruments had existed some
of them would certainly have remained to the present
day.

Between the borders of Lake Erie and the valleys
of southern Ohio, there is a tract which has been well
designated by Colonel Whittlesey as a neutral ground
between the inhabitants of those localities. Without
attempting to cross this open space and rislc ourselves
among the'shades of the mythical " Mound-Builders,"
but loolting only at the region of the great lakes, we
may consider ourselves on tolerably firm ground.
The Indians were here when the white men first came;
the relics of ancient times generally show not superi-
ority over, but inferiority to, the works of the red
men, and the very strong probability is that some of
the numerous tribes of Indians, in a more or less ad-
vanced state, were the masters of this region from the
time it first had human occupants until they gave
way to the insatiate invaders from Europe.

CHAPTER III.

THE EBIES AND THEIR DESTKUCTION.

The Eries little known to the French— Power of the Iroquois— Destruc-
tion of the Kahquahs — Iroquois Tradition Regarding the Overthrow
of the Eries— The Latter hear of the League of the Five Nations — An
Athletic Contest with the Seneeas— Bloody Work— An Attempted Sur-
prise—A Great Battle—Defeat of the Eries— Probahllity of the Stoi-y
Considered— Another Account — Butchery of the Erie Ambassadors-
Burning of an Onondaga Chieftain— Wrath of the Confederates— The
Next Spring they Set Out — Appioaching the Stronghold— Description
of the Warriors— The Assault— The Victory— Vengeance— Return of
the Iroquois.

During the first quarter of a century after the ex-
istence of the Eries became known to the Erench,
very little occurred which has become matter of his-
tory or even of tradition. The Gallic explorers with
undaunted footsteps made their way to the shores of
Lakes Huron and Ontario, but Lake Erie was almost
an unknown sea to them. Between its waters and
the French settlements in Canada were the homes of
the fierce, untamable Iroquois, against whom Cham-
plain, the founder of Canada, had needlessly waged
war, and who had become the most implacable
enemies of the French colonists. These celebrated
confederates, already the terror of surrounding tribes,
were rapidly rising to still wider dominion, partly on
account of the strength derived from their well-
planned union, and partly on account of the facility
with which they could obtain fire-arms and ammuni-
tion from the Dutch on the Hudson river, who were
very glad to have so good a guard located between
them and the adventurous Frenchmen of Canada!
Equipped with these terrible weapons, and strong in
their five- fold alliance, the Iroquois wreaked terrible
vengeance not only on the countrymen of Champlain,
but on their numerous foes of their own race, little
foreseeing that the destruction of their Indian rivals
would only leave themselves the less able to resist the
advance of the Europeans.

There was occasional warfare between the Iroquois
and the Eries, but the Kahquahs, or Neuter Nation,
whose seats were on both sides of the Niagara river
and extended a short distance up the south side of
Lake Erie, lay partly between the rivals, and were
then at peace with both; so the enemies were con-
strained to bridle their hatred when they met on Kali-
quah ground, or, as some accounts say, only when in
the immediate vicinity of the Kahquah villages. The
Kahqualis maintained a similar neutrality between
the Iroquois and the Hurons of Canada, and hence
the French designation of "La Nation Neutre."
They were not Quakers, by any means, however, and
often waged war against distant tribes.

But the time was rapidly approaching when their
neutrality would no longer serve to shield them from
the aggressive spirit of the Iroquois. In the autumn
of 1650, the Five Nations, having already destroyed
the Hurons, burst like a thunderbolt upon the un-
fortunate Kahqualis, defeated them in battle, burned
a large number of their villages and slaughtered the
inhabitants. The next spring they renewed the
assault, and utterly destroyed the Kahqualis as a
nation, slaying all except a few whom they adopted
into their own tribes, and a few more who fled for
safety to the Indians of the Far West, among whom
they soon lost their separate identity.

Naught now interposed between the Eries and
their arrogant foes, the Five Nations. Experience
showed that they might soon expect an assault made
with all the strength of the confederacy, and no doubt
they prepared for its coming. The story of the final
struggle is only to be derived frorri the vague and
boastful traditions of the Iroquois, for of the Eries
none are left to tell the tale of their people's ruin.
One account, which has been widely quoted, was pub-
lished in the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser in 1845,
and is said to have been vouched for by "Governor
Blacksnake," a celebrated Seneca chief then nearly a
hundred years old, and by other aged warriors of the
Five Nations.

It represents that " when the Eries heard of the
confederation between the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onon-
dagas, Cayugas and Seneeas," they imagined it must
be for some mischievous purpose. To discover its
meaning they invited the Iroquois to send a hundred
of their most athletic young men, to play a game of
ball with a like number selected by the Eries, for a
heavy wager. The invitation was declined. Next
year it was repeated, but again declined. A third
time the challenge was sent, and this time it was ac-
cepted.

A hundred men, the flower of the Iroquois youth,
went forth, unarmed, to meet their antagonists. The
two parties met near the site of Buffalo. A large
amount of wampum-belts, buffalo robes, beaded moc-
casins, etc., was deposited on each side as a wager, and
then the game was played. The Iroquois were suc-
cessful. The Eries then challenged the victors to a
foot-race between ten of the fastest runners. The

GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

challenge was accepted, and the Iroquois were again
victorious. By this time the Eries were extremely
angry, and their chief proposed a wrestling match
between ten of the best men on each side; it being
understood that the victor in each case should toma-
hawk his adversary and tear oil his scalp as a trophy.
The Iroquois accepted the proposition, determined,
however, as they say, not to enforce the bloody penalty
provided they were the conquerors. In the first
match a Beiieca threw his antagonist, but declined to
slay him. The infuriated chief of the Eries immedi-
ately drove his own tomahawk into the brains of his
prostrate champion. A second and a third Erie met
the same fate. The chief of the Iroquois, seeing the
terrible excitement which prevailed among the Eries,
IDut a stop to this remarkable "sport," and quickly
led his men back to their own homes.

This inglorious contest increased the jealousy of the
Eries. They determined to attack the Senecas, who
resided on Seneca lake, in the present State of New
York, hoping to destroy them ere the other confed-
erates could interfere. A Seneca woman, married
among the Eries, fled and informed her countrymen
of the intended assault. All the warriors of the Five
Nations rallied to meet it. The two armies met on
the east side of the Genesee river. After a long and
bloody combat, elaborately described by Blacksnake
and his friends, after the Eries had seven times been
driven across a small stream which ran across the bat-
tle field, and had every time regained their ground,
they were forced back for the eighth time, and a
corps of a thousand young Iroquois warriors, which
had been held in reserve, was let loose upon the rear
of their exhausted foes. This decided the day, and
the Eries were almost entirely annihilated by the
vigorous young warriors. The Iroquois army fol-
lowed their defeated enemies to their homes, destroyed
their villages, and slew all but a few wretched men and
women, who fled in terror to the tribes farther west.

Such is the substance of the story as preserved by
Iroquois tradition, but it is altogether too good a story
for the Five Nations. It shows them meek under
provocation, successful in every athletic contest, and
acting entirely on the defensive m the war which re-
sulted in the destruction of their foes. The state-
ment in the beginning that the movemeuts of the
Eries were caused by their hearing of the formation
of the Iroquois league, shows the dubious character
of the whole story, for that league had been in exist-
ence at least half a century when the Eries were
destroyed, and probably much longer. The confed-
eracy had again and again demonstrated its power,
and it would be absurd to suppose that their near
neighbors and bitter enemies, the Eries, did not
know all about it. Some portions of the tradition
may be true, but it is so partial to the Iroquois that
no dependence can be placed upon it. Almost the
only certain thing in the whole story is that there was
a war between the Iroquois and the Eries, and that
the latter were defeated and destroyed.

The most reliable account of the last great contest
between the Iroquois and the Eries is that given by
Parkman in his "Jesuits of North America." This
is also derived principally from Indian tradition, but
the statements of the red men have been carefully
sifted by that experienced historian, and have been
compared with contemporary accounts of French
missionaries. Moreover, it is quite in consonance
with the nature of the Iroqtwis and the known results
of the case. It appears from this account that in
1653 a treaty of peace was made between the Eries
and the Senecas, the nearest and most powerful of the
Iroquois tribes, and the former nation sent thirty
ambassadors to the Seneca country to confirm it.
While they were there a quarrel arose in which a Sen-
eca warrior was killed by one of the Eries. The
countrymen of the deceased, regardless of the sacred
office of the ambassadors (according to civilized, ideas),
immediately fell upon them and slew the whole thirty.

When the Eries heard of this butchery, of course
the war was at once renewed. One of the parties
sent to harass the Iroquois captured an Onondaga
chief, and returned with him in triumph to their own
country. Indian custom required that he should be
burned at the stake to appease the shades of their
slaughtered brethren. Some of the older and wiser
sachems objected. Such an act would make the
whole confederacy perfectly implacable, although pre-
vious to that time the quarrel had been principally
with the Senecas. The Five Nations, partly armed
with European weapons, had shown their immense
power by scattering the great H^iron nation to the four
winds and by utterly destroying the Kaliqxialis, and
it would be madness to invoke the unappeasable wrath
of the terrible confederacy. On the other hand the
young warriors were furious for revenge, and besides
it was almost a positive law among them that the
blood shed by their foes should, be repaid with torture
whenever an opportunity offered.

There was, however, one way of escape. It was an
immemorial custom that a prisoner's life might be
saved at the request of a near relative of a slain war-
rior, who adopted him in place, of the deceased. It
was determined to give the Onondaga to the sister of
one of the slaughtered ambassador;?. She was then
absent, but it was not doubted that she would accept
the prisoner in place of her brother, since by that
means alone could the stern requirements of Indian
law be reconciled with the safety of her people. She
soon returned, and was earnestly solicited to acquiesce
in the arrangement. But no; she would have no
such brother as that.

"Let him be burned,'" she said; and the party of
vengeance was thus reinforced by all who held in es-
pecial reverence the ancient customs of the tribe.
The unfortunate Onondaga was doomed to the stake,
and submitted to his terrible fate with the usual sto-
icism of an Indian warrior. But, as they were about
to light the funeral pile, he declared that they were
burning the whole Erie nation, and many a prudent

THE ERIES AND THEIR DESTRUCTION.

old sachem foreboded the accomplishment of tlie
prophesy.

When lihe news reached the Iroquois, the whole
confederacy was in a fury of rage. Mohawks, Onei-
das and Cayugas were as eager for revenge as the
Senecas; and the Onondagas, whose chief had suffered
the last punishment of savage hate, were even more
so. The approach of winter prevented an immediate
movement against the Eries, but in the spring of
1654 nearly all the Iroquois warriors were summoned 1
to the field. An army was fitted out which LeMoine, j
a Jesuit missionary then among the Onondagas, esti- \
mated at eighteen hundred men — an immense num-
ber when compared with an ordinary Indian war party.

The Eries, sensible of their danger, had retreated
to the western part of their territory — ^probably to
the vicinity of Cleveland — and had there fortified
themselves with palisades, strengthened by an abattis
of forked trees. The /ro/^jtots escimated the number .
of the Erie warriors at two thousand, but this was
probably one of the usual exaggerations of an enemy.
The Senecas, by far the most powerful of the Five
Nations, could only muster a thousand warriors, and
there is uo reason to suppose the Eries were stronger.
Probably they were weaker.

After a long march through tlie forest, the Iroquois
approached the stronghold of tlieir enemies. A few
carried muskets or arquebuses, and ammunition,
either purchased from the Dutch or captured from
the French. Two wore French costumes, doubtless
stripped from the bodies of slain enemies. At length
the long column of the confederates arrived in front
of the fortress of the Eries, and spiead themselves
out in line. Other armies have been larger and better
disciplined, but few have made a more terrifying
appearance than that which now stood awaiting the
signal for the onslaught.

The war costume of an Indian in the olden time
consisted of a small breech-clout of deerskin, and a
crest of as many bright colored 'feathers as he could
obtain. His face and naked body were painted with
pigments of red, yellow and black, arranged in the
most fantastic and hideous designs that the artist
could invent. A thousand or more savages, thus ar-
rayed and decorated, and known to be filled with the
most furious hatred, must have presented an appal-
ling appearance to any but the hardiest foes. Nearly
every man carried the bow, the arrows and the war
c'ub which had been the weapons of his fathers, but
a f jw, as has been said, were provided with fire-arms,
and many had substituted iron hatchets and knives
for the stone tomahawks and flint scalpers of their
ancestors. The war-chiefs, of whom there was a
large proportionate number, took their positions a
few yards ahead of the line, each one in front of his
own band.

When all was ready the two Iroquois, before men-
tioned as being dressed in French costume, advanced
close to the walls and demanded the surrender of the
Eries. One of them, who had been baptized by the

Jepuits, declared that the "Master of Life" was on
their side.

"Ho, ho!" cried the scornful ^rtes, "our hatchets
and our arrows are the masters of life; come and see
what they will do!"

The heralds retired, the head chiefs gave the signal,
and with terrific yells the Iroquois advanced to the
attack. They were met with flights of poisoned
arrows, and were compelled to fall back. They then
brought forward the canoes in which they had made
the trip up the lake, and each crew bore its own bark
above their heads so as to protect them from the
arrows of the Eries. Thus shielded, they again
moved forward. The poisoned missiles rattled on the
frsiil bark vessels, but only occasionally hit the ex-
posed part of some careless warrior.

At length the assaulting line reached the front of
the palisade. This lofty barrier might well appear
an lusurnionntable obstacle to men unprovided with
ladders, but the Iroqxiois placed their canoes against
the wooden walls, and, in spite of the resistance of
the Eries, speedily climbed over into the fort. Then
began a scene of frightful butchery. Probably
largely outnumbered by their confederated foes — per-
haps hardly equal to them in warlike prowess — the
Eries gave way on all sides. The Iroquois rushed
forward, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas and
Mohawks all eager to be the first in the race for ven-
geance. The forest resounded with the fearful yells
of the victims, as in swift succession they struck
down their foes with war-club or tomahawk, tore off
their scalps, and waved the reeking trophies above
their heads in demoniac triumph.

As was generally the .case when one savage nation
was completely successful over another, the conquered
people was almost completely annihilated. Men,
women and children were slaughtered with equal
ruthlessness, and all their villages were burned to the
ground. Some escaped to join the tribes of the Far
West. Some, especially children, were reserved for
adoption by the conquerors, in accordance with wide-
spread Indian custom. Many of the warriors, too,
were taken alive, but these were generally devoted to
the most terrible fate which savage malignity could
invent.

When night came on, the victors prepared for a
grand illumination. The captured warriors were
bound, naked, one by one, to the trees of the forest.
Piles of light fuel wei'e heaped around them and then
the torch was applied. A Cayuga told Mr. Parkman
that, according to the tradition in his tribe, a thou-
sand Eries were thus enveloped in flames at once.
As the Indians couldn't count over ten, and as there
were probably not over a thousand Erie warriors in
all, if so many, it is best to take this statement with
much allowance. But even if there were a hundred
thus subjected to torture, they must have formed the
most soul-curdling sight that can well be imagined.
Those who admire the romance of Indian life might
have enjoyed their fill of it could they have stood in

GENBEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the forest on the shore of Lake Erie, two hundred
and twenty-five years ago, and have seen the darkness
lighted up by fire after fire, extending in every direc-
tion, in the midst of each of which a naked warrior
writhed in the agonies of death, his voice, however,
rising in the death-song, defiant and contemptuous
towai'd his foes, who danced and howled around him
in all the ecstasy of diabolical glee.

The Iroquois remained in the country of the Eries
for two months, nursing their own wounded, and
hunting out, and capturing or slaying, any of that un-
fortunate people who might still be lingering near
the homes of their ancestors. Then the conquerors
re-entered their canoes, proceeded down the lake and
made their way to their own homes, where they were
doubtless received with universal admiration as heroes
who had deserved well of their country.

CHAPTEE IV.

DISPUTED DOMIBTION.

Iroquois Power— Its Boundary on the Cuyahoga— Ownership of the
Western Part of tlie County— French Slcill— La Salle's Supj)osed Visit
—His Great Exploration— The First Vessel on Lake Erie— Tonti and
Hennepin— Brilliant Prospects for the French- Fate of the Griffln-
Subsequent career of La Salle— Pretensions of the French and English
—The Jealous Iroquois— Ohio a Part of Louisiana— Building of Fort
Niagara— An Extensive Trust Deed— Lake Erie called "Oswego"—
Meaning of the Word— The War of 1744— The Ohio Company— De Bien-
ville's Expedition— New French Posts- The First European Establish-
ment in Cuyahoga county— \^'ashington in the Field— The First Amer-
ican Congress— Franklin's Proposition— Beginning of the Great War-
Western Indians aid the French— Defeat of Braddoek— French For-
tunes wane— Loss of Niagara and Quebec— Surrender of Canada^-
End of French Poiver in the Lake Region.

Ebom that time forward northwestern Ohio became
a parb of the domain of bhe all-conquering Iroquois.
They fixed their western boundary at the Cuyahoga
river, and there were none to dispute it with them.
They continued, however, to reside in central JSTew
York, using this region only as a hunting ground.
That remarkable confederacy was then at the hight
of its power. Erom the Atlantic to the Mississippi,
from Hudson's bay to the Gulf of Mexico, no nation
nor league of their own race was able to withstand
them, and the feeble colonies of Europeans alternate-
ly courted their friendship or shrank from their en-
mity.

Though claiming no farther west than the Cuya-
hoga, their war parties made frequent excursions far
beyond that boundary, coasting up Lake Erie in their
canoes, passing by those who propitiated their friend-
ship, but executing vengeance on those who awakened
their wrath, even to the distant shores of the Missis-
sippi and the far northern waters of Lake Superior.

That part of Cuyahoga county west of the river
which bears its name was not permanently occupied
by any tribe, but appears to have been claimed by
another confederacy, much less powerful than the
Iroquois, which had its principal seat in Michigan,
and was composed of the Ottawas, Chippewas and

the Pottawattamies. The Shatonees, who resided in
the southwest, in the present State of Indiana, also
frequently hunted along the shore of Lake Erie. In
fact, the boundaries of Indian possessions were sel-
dom defined with the accuracy of farm-lines in a
deed, and were constantly varying according to the
power or caprice of their owners.

Notwithstanding the old grudge of the Iroquois.
against them, the French, whose skill in managing
savages was unequaled by that of any other European
nation, succeeded in the intervals of active warfare in
insinuating themselves among those fierce warriors,
and securing a foothold for their fur-traders and even
for their missionaries. It is highly probable that
some of those classes, intent on the interests of com-
merce or religion, made their way to the south shore
of Lake Erie soon after, if not before, the destruction
of the unfortunate people wlio resided there; for the
Jesuit map of 1660 proves that the members of that
order had at least traced the chain of waters from
Lake Erie to Lake Superior.

Very little is known, however, of the locality un-
der consideration. According to a biography of the
celebrated La Salle, by an anonymous author, yet
bearing many evidences of credibility, that remarka-
ble adventurer came into the country south of Lake
Erie in 1669, discovered tiie Ohio and descended it to
the rapids where Louisville now stands, where he was
abandoned by his men and compelled to return alone.
What La Salle was doing at this period is not posi-
tively known, and such an exploit would be in perfect
harmony not only with his dauntless courage and
boundless love of adventure but with his uniform
lack of tact in managing his subordinates.

A map attributed to La Salle, issued in 1672, calls
the great body of water which bounds Cuyahoga
county on the north, "Lake Tejocharonting, com-
monly called Lake Erie."

But it was not until 1679 that Lake Erie was fully
explored by European eyes and its waters plowed by
a vessel built by European hands. The leader in this
important enterprise was the brilliant adventurer al-
ready named, Eobert Cavelier de la Salle. This gen-
tleman, a Frenchman of good family, then thirty-five
years old, was the boldest and most successful of all
the gallant men who attempted to explore the interior
of North America. Some adventurers had made
short excursions inland from the coast, others had
trodden the shores of the St. Lawrence, others still
had traced the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and discov-
ered the mouth of its principal river; it was given to
La Salle to glide from the northeast to the southwest
over three thousand unknown miles of land and wa-
ter, to unravel the great enigma of the Mississippi,
and to span the whole eastern portion of the conti-
nent with the bow of triumphant discovery.

Having left his native Eouen at the age of twenty-
two. La Salle had for thirteen years been leading a
life of varied adventure in America, and had in 1678
received a commission from Louis the Fourteenth to

DISPUTED DOMINIOK

discover the western part of New France. In the
winter and spring of 1678 and 1679 he built a vessel
of sixty tons on the Niagara river, above the falls, to
which he gave .the name of the "Griffin." After
long waiting, to perfect his preparations, La Salle
sailed up Lake Erie from the head of the Niagara on
the seventh day of August, 1678.

It is not certain on which side of Lake Erie the
"Griffin" sailed, nor whether it crossed the watery
portion of Cuyahoga county; the presumption, how-
ever, is that it went on the north side, which was not
only the shortest but was least likely to be infested by
the hostile Iroquois. Nevertheless, the opening of
the great inland sea, on which the county borders, to
the knowledge and the commerce of Europe is an
event of such importance to all who live on its shores
as to merit more than a passing notice.

La Salle occupied four days in making the voyage
from the site of Buffalo to the head of the lake, where
he entered into the straits which lead to Lake Huron.
There were thirty-four men on board the "Griffin,"
all Frenchmen with two or three exceptions. La
Salle himself is repi-esented as a handsome, blue-eyed
cavalier, with smooth cheeks and abundant ringlets,
apparently better fitted to grace the salons of Paris
than to dare the dangers of the American wilderness,
yet in reality standing in the foremost rank of all
those who opened the new world to the knowledge of
the old.

The second in command was Henry de Tonti, an
Italian by birth, son of the inventor of the "Tontine"
plan of insurance, who had served valiantly as a sol-
dier in the Sicilian wars, who had been exiled from
his native land by revolution, and who showed,
throughout his career under La Salle, the most un-
wavering contempt of danger and the most devoted
loyalty to his chief.

Another distinguished voyager on the "Griffin" was
the celebrated Father Hennepin, a Franciscan friar
of Flemish birth, but French by education and lan-
guage, who was at once the priest and the historian of
the expedition. " With sandaled feet, a coarse, gray
capote, and peaked hood, the cord of St. Francis
about his waist, and a rosary and crucifix hanging at
his side, the father set forth on his memorable jour-
ney."* He was attended by two coadjutors, and
they carried with them a light poi-table altar, which
could be strapped on the back like a knapsack or set
up in the wilderness at a moment's notice. Father
Hennepin was destined, in the course of the wide
wanderings on which he was then entering, to display
the most unswerving courage, and the most devoted
zeal in the conversion of the savages to Christianity,
but was also to acquire the less enviable reputation of
being one of the most mendacious of the many un-
trustworthy European travelers in America.

As the little bark with its gallant commander, its
zealous priests and its swarthy crew, swept westward

* Parkman.

before the favoring breezes, all doubtless believed
that they were opening the new lake to the com-
merce of France, and that its fertile shores would in
time be occupied by the subjects of Louis le Grand
or his successors. To all appearances the French had
obtained the complete dominion of all the waters of
the St. Lawrence, and the career of La Salle was to
extend still farther the sway of their magnificent
monarch. The most vivid and prophetic imagination
could not have pictured the shores of the great lakes
passing from the dominion of France to that of Eng-
land, (whose king, Charles the Second, was then the
mere vassal of Louis the Fourteenth), and again, after
a brief interval, becoming a part of an independent
country, whose power was to rival that of either of
the great nations which had preceded it in the path of
empire.

La Salle named the waters over which he was pass-
ing the " Lac de Conti," in honor of one of his pat-
rons, the Prince de Conti, but Father Hennepin
called it Erie, mentioning at the same time that the
Indians termed it "Brie Tejocharonting."

The "Griffin," though the pioneer of all the immense
commerce of Lake Erie, was itself the sport of disas-
trous fate. It went to Green Bay, where La Salle,
Tonti and Hennepin left it; started on its return
with a cargo of furs, and was never heard of more.
Whether it sank with all on board amid the storm-
tossed waters of Lake Michigan or Huron, or was
driven upon the shore of Lake Erie and its crew mur-
dered by the revengeful Iroquois, has been a subject
of frequent but unavailing investigation. Numerous
relics of shipwreck have been found near the mouth
of Eocky river, in Cuyahoga county, and it is possi-
ble, not probable, that some of them came from the
long lost "Griffin." With greater probability it has
been deemed that the scene of the "Griffin's" ship-
wreck was discovered, near the beginning of this centu-
ry, by the settlers in the southwest part of Erie county,
New York; for there were cannon found there with
French mottoes upon them, which certainly gives color
to the theory that that was the tlieater of the
" Griffin's " disaster. There are, liowever, other ways
of accounting for those relics, and it is quite likely, as
before stated, that the pioneer vessel of the upper lakes
sank amid their turbulent waters with all of its unfor-
tunate crew.

After the "Griffin" had sailed. La Salle, with the
majority of his companions, went into the Illinois
country. There they built two trading posts, but as,
after long waiting, the "Griffin" did not return, the
indomitable chief, with three comrades, performed
the extraordinary feat of returning on foot to tiie.
shores of the St. Lawrence, subsisting entirely upon
the game they procured with their muskets. It has
generally been supposed that La Salle and his com-
panions went on the southern side of Lake Erie across
the territory of Cuyahoga county, but there are good,
reasons for believing that they crossed the Detroit
river and skirted the northern shore of the lake,..

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

wliere they would be in less danger from the ever-
d leaded Iroquois.

La Salle afterwards returned to the Illinois region,
and in 1683, with a handful of men, descended the
Mississippi to the sea, thus achieving the greatest
feat of discovery ever accomplished in the interior of
America, and adding the vast territory of Louisiana
to the dominions of France. While endeavoring,
however, to colonize these newly discovered lands, he
met with continual disasters, and was at length mur-
dered by some of his own followers, in what is now
the State of Texas.

For a long period afterwards there is very little to
relate regarding the county of Cuyahoga. The
French waged long wars with the English under
King William and Queen Anne, and the Iroquois
Avere generally in alliance with the latter jieople.
Nevertheless the French, whose powers of insinuation
among savages were unrivaled, obtained considerable
influence among the Senecas, and were enabled to
make many profitable voyages after furs upon Lake
Erie. Fort Poncliartrain was built on the site of
Detroit in 1701. By the peace of Utrecht, concluded'
;it the end of " Queen Anne's War" in 1713, the Five
Nations (or the Six Nations, as they became about
that time by the admission of the Tuscaroras into the
C(mfederacy), were acknowledged to be subjects of the
crown of Great Britain, but no definite boundaries
were assigned them. From that time forth the Eng-
lish claimed to own as far west as the Cuyahoga, on
the ground that the Six Nations had long been tlie
proprietors to that point, while the French, by right
(if discovery and possession, claimed both shores of
the gi-eat lakes, together with the whole valley of the
Mississippi.

As for the Iroquois, they repudiated tiiei)retensions
of the English as scornfully as they did those of the
French, and asserted their own ownership by virtue
of their conquest of the Kahqualis and Fries. In
fact tliey were becoming, perlnips, more jealous of
the English than of the French, since the former
were continually obtaining large tracts of Indian lands
for the purpose of colonization, while the latter only
wanted posts for their fur-traders and stations for
their missionaries. Frencli traders from Canada
scoured the whole West in searcli of furs, as did also
the Dutch and English of New York.

At the period in question the French considered
Ohio as a part of Louisiana. That province was di-
vided into four parts, each in charge of a military
commandant; all being subject to the council-general
of Louisiana. One of these subdivisions nominally
included all the territory northwest of the Ohio. In
fact, • however, the would-be rulers exercised very
little authority outside the walls of their rude
fortresses.

In 1725, the French obtained permission of the
Iroquois chiefs to build a "stone house " at the mouth
of the Niagara, on the east side, where the Marquis
de Denonville had previously planted a French post.

which liad been speedily abandoned. The "stone
house" was at once begun, and finislied the next year;
assuming, by the time ib was completed, the propor-
tions of a strong frontier fortress. This was a very
important proceeding, as it gave the French, to a
great extent, the command of the whole upper lake
region. There was a great deal of intriguing among
the Iroquois chiefs on the part of both the French
and the English, audit is sometimes difficult to learn
which was in the ascendency ; though, as a general
rule, the English influence was predominant. The
French were most successful with the Senecas and
one or two other western tribes of the confederacy,
while the Molumuks and Oneidas, who lived on the
English frontier, were usually faithful to their inter-
est. The ancient bond of the " Hedonosaunee," or
People of the Long House, as the Iroquois called
themselves, was evidently weakening under the Stress
of foreign intrigue.

But the French did not have it all their own way
even with the western tribes. . The same year that
Fort Niagara was completed seven of the principal
sachems of the Senecas, Gayugas and Onondugas
made a deed of trnst to the King of Great Britain
and his successors, of their lands, extending in a belt
sixty miles wide from the foot of Lake Ontario, all
aljiig that lake, the Niagara river and the "Lake
Oswego," [Erie] to the "creek called Oanahogne,"
which was the original form of Cuyahoga. The deed
also included the " beaver hunting-grounds " of those
nations, the boundaries of which were not described,
but which are supposed to have been on the Canadian
peninsula. The king was to hold the lands forever,
but solely in trust for the tribes above-named; the ob-
ject being evidently to give the English an excuse for
withstanding the pretensions of the French to the
same territory.

It is doubtful whether the seven chiefs had any
authority to deed away the lands of their people, even
"in trust," and it is probable that they represented
only the English faction, while it was the French
faction which had given that nation authority to
build Fort Niagara. The officers of King Louis and
King George now maintained the conflicting claims
of their respective masters to the country cast of tlie
Cuyahoga with more pertinacity than ever before.

It will have been obsei~ved that in the above deed
Lake Erie is called " Oswego," that being the same
name which about the same time was applied to the
locality on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Onon-
daga, now Oswego. On a map in Colden's History
of the Five Nations Lake Erie is called "Okswego,"
and this appellation is also used in Washington's jour-
nal, in 1753, and on Pownal's map, as late as 1777.
This name, like most Indian names, has received
many different explanations. The most plausible,
considering that the expj-ession was used in regard
to two such widely separated localities, is that of
" boundless view," or, as the Indians express it "look
everywhere — see nothing." Such an appellation

DISPUTED DOMlNIOlsr.

2.1

would be applicable to almost any point along the
lakes, or to either of the lakes itself. The lake on
which Cuyahoga county borders was,- however, more
often called by its, old name of "Erie," and this
finally superseded all oth«i's.

Notwithstanding tlve intrigues of the French and
English, that part of Cuyahoga couuty east of the
river continued in gesiceable possession of the 8ix
Nations, who used it only as ahunting ground, while
the western part was occupied for the same purpose
hj the Ottawas, CMppewas and Pettawattamies. The
only white men seen within its bounds were occasional
French far-traders, or, less often, an extramely daring
Etaglish one, and perchancej now and then, a dark-
gowned Jesuit, abandoning ease and risking life to
spread tlie faith of his church among the savages of
the Far West.

In the war between France and England, begun in
1744, and concluded by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle
in 1748, tlic Six Nations generally maintained tiieir
neutrality, and the contest had no efEect this far west.
In the last named year,, ho we \?er, an association called
the Ohio Company was organized under the authority
of the government of Virginia, for the purpose of
settling tiie lands which that colony claimed west of
the AUeganies. It numbered foui:teon members, all
Virginians except one, (a Londoner), ani«ng whom
were Lawrence and Augustine, elder brothers of
George Washington. The Virginia authorities gave
it a grant of half a million acres west of the AUega-
nies, but without any definite location of boundaries;
if the owners could maintain themselves on the Ohio
or the shores of Lake Erie, they were welcome to do

so.
The peace of Aix la Chapelle was little more than

an armed truce, so far as America was concerned, and
the intrigues of both Frencii and English for the ex-
tension of theii- frontiers were more active than eter.
In 1749, the Count de la Galissoniero, the governor-
general of Canada,, ordered Monsieur Celeron de Bien-
ville to sot forth frorii Detroit with three hundred
men, to visit all important points, east and southeast,
as far as the AUeganies, and to take formal possession
of. the country, in the name ofthe king of France.
De Bienville obeyed his instructions, and at, each im-
portant locality he buried a leaden plate, engraved
with the arms of France, and also made one of those
curious records, called a "proves verial," which con-
sisted of a solemn written declaration of the. officer,
duly attested before a notary public, to the effect that
he did then and there take possession of the surround-
ing country, in the name and for the benefit of the
king of France,

As the mouth of the Cuyahoga had long been recog-
nized as one of the principal places in the West,
especially as being the, boundary between the Six Na-
tions and their western rivals,, it is highly probable
that Celeron de Bienville buried one of his plates and
drew up one of his "proces verbal" at that point,
but there is no direct evidence to that effect. The

next year the French followed up the movement they
had begun, by building a fort near Sandusky bay.

In 1753, the Marquis de Durpiesne de Menneville
was appointed governor-general of Canada, and pro-
ceeded to carry out the aggressive policy of his prede-
cessor. The Indians of all the tribes beeame seriously
alarmed, and in a council held below Pittsburg, that
year, they inquired where the Indian lands were, since
the French chiimod all on the west side of the Ohio
and the English on the oast. The next year the
French began to carry oat their long planned scheme
of connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio river by a chain
of posts, which should at once mark the boundary of
tiie French possessions and defend them from inva-
sion. Posts were accordingly established at Presqu'
Isle, (Erie), Le Boouf (Frencli Creek) and Venango,
all in the present State of Pennsylvania. If the
movement was successful and the English acquiesced
in it, Cuyahoga county, with all the rest of the West,
was to become French territory.

The English and their colonies took the alarm ; a
small garrison was ordered to the forks of the Ohio,
and young Major George Washington was sent by the
governor of Virginia to remonstrate with the com-
mandant, at LeHoeuf and demand his withdrawa'.
The latter proceeding was entirely futile, as was
doubtless expected, and the next spring the French
went down with a heavy force, drove away the little
garrison 4xt the forks of the Ohio, and built a fort
there which they called Fort Duquesne. Thus the
chain of posts was complete, and for the first time
Cuyahoga county was fully inclosed within the French
lines. The same year another fort was built on the
Sandusky. About the same period, perhaps a little
earlier, a French post of some kind vvas established
on the Cuyahoga. It is shown on Lewis Evans' majj,
of 1755, as a "French house," five or six miles up the
river on the west side. The language would indicate
a trading-house, but it was probably sufficiently for-
tified to resist a sudden attack of hostile Indians.
This was the first European establishment within the
limits of Cuyahoga county.

By this time all the colonies were much excited,
and a meeting of their representatives — ^the first
American congress — was held at Albany to devise
some means of united action against the common en-
emy. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsyl-
vania, proposed a plan of union among the colonies,
which, however, was not adopted. Immediately
afterwards Franklin, in his paper at Philadelphia,
proposed a plan for defending the frontiers. Two
joint-stock companies were to be formed, each share-
holder in which was to receive a certain number of
acres of land from the government; one of the com-
panies being bound to plant a colony on the JSIiagara
frontier, and the other to establish one norlh of the
Ohio. For the protection of the latter he pioposed
a temporary fort on French creeek, and another at the
month of the " Tioga" [Cuyahoga] on the south side
of Lake Erie, " where a post should be formed and a

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY,

town erected for the trade of the lake." This was,
so far as kuowD, the first suggestion ever made look-
ing to the building of a town on the site of Cleve-
land.

But Franklin's plan necessitated that the govern-
ment should first drive the French away from the
head-waters of tlie Ohio and the south shore of Lake
Erie, and this was a very difiicalt thing to do. When
it should be accomplished the problem of defending
tlie frontiers would have been substantially solved,
whether the proposed colonies were established or
not.

In that year (1754) Washington, by attacking a
French party which was spying around his camp,
struck the first overt blow in the most important war
which had yet been waged in America. The French
rallied their numerous friends among i^ie western In-
dians, and these came gliding down the lake in
canoes, resplendent in war-paint and feathers, ready
to aid their great father, the king of France. Some
went to Presqa' Isle (Erie), and thence to the posts
in the interior, but some went np the Cuyahoga to
the " French house," thence to the portage, and so
on direct to Fort Duquesne.

In 1755, a crowd of these western savages defeated
the disciplined army of Braddock, and the valley of
the Oliio and the shores of Lake Brie appeared to be
more firmly fixed than ever in the power of the
French. Their grasp was loosened in 1758, when
Fort Duquesne was surrendered to General Forbes,
but was by no means entirely relinquished. The next
year, at tlie same time that Wolfe was seeking glory
and a grave under the walls of Quebec, General
Prideaux and Sir William Johnson, with a considera-
ble force of English, Provincials and Iroquois, came
to- besiege Fort Niagara, justly considered the key of
the whole upper-lake region. Again the western In-
dians were called on, and again they hastened down
the lake to the assistance of their French brethren.

D'Aubrey, the commander at Venango, gathered
all he could of both white and red, and hastened to
the relief of Niagara. He was utterly defeated and
captured, however, close to the walls of that post,
and the fort itself was immediately surrendered to
the English. When this news came westward, fol-
lowed quickly by the intelligence of the fall of Quebec,
the few remaining Frenchmen along the lakes sadly
foreboded the speedy transfer of this broad domain to
the power of the hated English. In September of
the next year (17G0), the Marquis de Vandreuil, gov-
ernor-general of Canada, surrendered that province
to the English, including all the forts of the western
country. This ended the long contest for dominion
over the territory of northern Ohio, for no one could
doubt that, with the French once subdued, the Eng-
lisli wpuld bp the virtual lords of the whole country,
although they might permit the various tribes of In-
dians to assert a nominal ownership.

CHAPTER V.

ENGLISH DOMINIOlf.

Major Rogers and his Rangers sent to Detroit— The Command at the
"Chogage"— Location of that Stream— A Band of Ottawas— Question
as to the presence of Pontiac— Rogers' description of the Meeting, and
of subsequent Events— Sir William Johnson at the Cuyahoga— First
British Vessel on Lake Erie— Conspiracy of Pontiac— Wilkins' Expe-
dition-Location of the Disaster which befell it— Bradstreet's Expedi-
tion—Its arrival in Cuyahoga County— Description of the Scene— The
Command proceeds up the Lake— Its Return-^ Wreck of the Flotilla-
Location of that Event— Destruction of Boats— Putnam and his Men
return on Foofr-Eelics found near Rocky River- A Mound full of
Bones— Query regarding its Occupants— Subsequent Events— Hard-
ships of Early Navigation— Ohio annexed to the Province of Quebec-
Lord Dunmore's War— The Revolution— Indian Forays— Murder of
Moravian Indians— Meeting of Commissioners to negotiate Peace-
Proposition to give Ohio to Great Britain— Its Defeat— Duration of
English Dominion.

As soon as the surrender of Canada had been en-
forced, the British commander-in-chief. Gen. Amherst,
felt that it was important to send a body of troops
immediately to take possession of the western French
posts, especially of Detroit, which had been looked
on as the headquarters of French power on the upper
lakes by numerous warlike tribes, who. would hardly
.believe that England was victorious as long as they
saw the. Gallic flag flying from the battlements of
that fortress. He selected for that purpose the
force reported to be the bravest body of partisans in
the Anglo-American army— the celebrated New Hamp-
shire Rangers, commanded by their renowned leader.
Major Robert Rogers. Major Rogers had served
throughout the war which was just, closing, usually
having a separate force with which he operated
against the Indians or annoyed the French, and act-
ing much of the time in concert with Israel Putnam,
of Connecticut, whose fame as a partisan was second
only to his own; each of them having done more daring
deeds and experienced more hair-breadth escapes than
would suffice to fill a volume.

This hardy backwoods leader, with his battalion of
"Rangers,"' set out from Fort Niagara in October,
1760. The command moved up the- Niagara and set
forth- upon Lake Erie in the large bateaux, holding
fifty men each, with which white troops usually navi-
gated the great lakes at that period. On the 7th of
November the battalion arrived at the mouth of a
river which Rogers!, in his published journal, calls the
"Chogage." It has generally been assumed that this
was the Cuyahoga, but we agree with Col. Whittlesey,
the author of the Early History of Cleveland, in think-
ing that it was much more probably the "Cheraga,"
as the Grand river was then called, according to the
old maps; a name which haa since become Geauga.
Major Rogers, in his journal, gave the distances which
he sailed nearly every day, and these, as stated after
he left Presqu'Isle (Erie), would bring him just about
to Grand river. "Chogage" is much more like
Chei-aga than it is like Cuyahoga or Canahogue, and
as the Cuyahoga river was one of the best known
streams ih'the western country, and was laid down

ENGLISH DOMINION.

on all the maps of this region, it is certainly strange
if Major Eogera, a man of marked intelligence, did not
know its name and location.

At this point Eogers met a band of Attawawa {Ot-
tawa) Indians, just arrived from Detroit. In Rogers'
"Journal," published in 1765, nothing is said of Pon-
tiac or any other celebrated chief as being present on
this occasion, but in his " Concise Account of the
War," also published in 1765, it is stated that Pontiac
was the leader of the party and that he haughtily
forbade the English from proceeding. Rogers was a
good deal of an adventurer, and some have imagined
that after Pontiac became celebrated the major added
the account of their meeting to give interest to his
story. It is, however, one of those discrepancies
which indicate truth rather than falsehood. If Major
Rogers had interpolated the, account of Pontiac, he
would have carefully made his two books harmonize
on that point; they being both, as we have said, pub-
lished in the same year. It has been suggested that,
as the Cuyahoga was the eastern boundary of Ponti-
ac's territory, he would not have halted Rogers at
Grand river. But it should always be remembered
that Indian boundaries are not as clearly defined as
those of the white man; and though the Cuyahoga was
generally considered the boundary between the Iro-
quois and the western Indians, yet the old maps show
an Ottawa village on the east side of that stream, in
the present township of Independence; so it may well
be that the haughty Pontiac claimed as far east as
Grand river or even farther. We may add that the
great authority of Parkman is decidedly in favor of
the credibility of Rogers' account.

According to that account the first delegation of
Indians informed the major that the great chief,
Pontiac, was not far off, and requested him to wait
until that dignitary could see " with his own eyes"
the Anglo-American commander. Accordingly Pon-
tiac soon met Rogers, demanded his business, and
asked him how he dared to enter that country without
his, Pontiac's, permission. Rogers acswei-ed that he
had no design against the Indians, but should remove
the French, the common enemy of both the whites
and the Indians, at the same time giving a belt of
wampum. Pontiac said:

"I stand in the patli you travel in until to-morrow
morning ;" thus forbidding the Americans to proceed,
and emphasizing the command by the presentation of
a wampum belt. Rogers continues:

"When he departed for the night he inquired
whether I wanted anything that his country afforded,
and he would send for it. I assured him that any
provisions they brought should be paid for, and the
next day we were supplied by them with several bags
of parched corn and some other necessaries. At onr_
second mjeetjng he gave me the pipe of peace, and
both of u« hy turns smoked with it, and he assured
me he had made peace with me and my detachment;
that I migb* pas* Ma-ough his country unmolested,
and relieve th« French garrison, and that he would

protect me and my party from any insults that might
be offered or intended by Indians; and as an earnest
of his friendship he sent a hundred warriors to pro-
tect and assist us in driving a hundred fat cattle,
which we had brought for the use of the detachment
from Pittsburg by the way of Presqu' Isle [Erie].
He likewise sent to the Indian towns on the south
side and west end of Lake Erie, to inform them that
I had his consent to come into the country. He at-
tended me constantly after this interview till I ar-
rived at Detroit, and while I remained in the country,
and was the means of preserving the detachment
from the fury of the Indians, who had assembled at
the mouth of the strait, with an intent to cut us off.
I had several conferences with him, in which he dis-
played great strength of judgment and a thirst after
knowledge."

Rogers was detained at "Chogage" by contrary
winds until the 12th of November, when he made a
run, which he estimated at forty-one miles, to "Elk
river." This was probably Rocky river, though the
old maps show Elk river east of the Cuyahoga. Those
maps were made from vague reports, and though they
showed the names of the principal streams they fre-
quently confused the localities. The distance from
" Chogage" (Cheraga, Geauga or Grand river) was so
great that Rogers' next stopping place could not pos-
sibly have been Chagrin river, and the Cuyahoga was
too well known to be mistaken. From Rocky river
the adventurous major, with his battalion of daring
partisans, seasoned in a score of desperate conflicts
with the savages, proceeded up the lake to remove the
principal emblem of French dominion in the iipper-
lake region, while the Ottawa chiefs, preserving their
friendly demeanor, continued in the somewhat un-
wonted task of escorting the detachment which drove
the cattle along the shore.

Rogers reached Detroit in safety, and took posses-
sion of it in the name of King George the Second,
and for a time it seemed as if all the tribes of the
West were willing to acknowledge the supremacy of
the British. The next year Sir William Johnson
went to Detroit, to aid in attaching the western In-
dians to the English crown by the same arts by which
he had gained such a powerful influence over the
Iroquois. He returned by the south side of the lake,
(which seems to have been a favorite route, although
the one along the north side was the shortest), and
mentions his preparations to stop at the Cuyahoga;
showing, as before stated, that that was a well known
point.

It was in 1762, as near as can be ascertained, that
the first British vessel sailed upon Lake Erie; a
schooner called the "Gladwyn," designed to carry
supplies to the posts on the upper lakes.

Meanwhile the western Indians, including per-
haps some of the westernmost tribes of the Iroquois,
had been all the while growing more hostile to the
English, partly on account of jjheir attachment to the
defeated Fi'ench, partly from jealousy of the rapid

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

progress of the English, and partly, probably, from
disgust at the haughty ways of the conquerors, never
as adroit as the French in the management of bar-
barous tribes. A wide-spreading conspiracy was
skillfully organized by Pontiac, which in the spring
of 1763 developed itself in simultaneous attacks on
all the principal English posts.

While that able though ferocious leader fiercely
assaulted Detroit with his Ottaioas, other tribes came
hurrying down the lake to attempt the capture of
Fort Pitt, and still others united with the Senecas in
besieging Fort Niagara. But, though nine smaller
posts were surprised and their garrisons massacred,
the three just named withstood all the attempts of
their foes. In the summer Major Rogers, who had
returned east, was again sent up the lake with a de-
tachment of provincials, to aid the garrison of De-
troit. Pontiac still maintained the siege, and in the
autumn another force of some six hundred regulars,
under Major Wilkins, proceeded to the relief of the
beleaguered post. This force was wrecked on their
way up, the artillery was lost, seventy-three oiBcers
and men were drowned, and the remainder returned
to Fort Niagara.

It has been strenuously argued that this mishap
occurred near Rocky river, in this county, but after
a careful examination of the facts, we have no hesita-
. tion in deciding that it was on the north shore of the
lake. The place mentioned in contemporary records
as being the scene of the disaster was "Point aux
Pins" (Point of Pines), a well known locality in the
district of Kent, Canada West, which is mentioned
on several of the old maps by the same appellation.
Besides, if Bradstreet's disaster, which occurred the
next year at that point, had been at the same place
as that which befell Wilkins, some of the contempo-
rary writers would undoubtedly have said so.

Pontiac finally raised the siege of Detroit, but still
maintained a hostile attitude toward the English.
In the spring of 1764 it was determined to send a
sutiicient force up the lake to awe the western Indians
into subjection. Tliis expedition was placed under
the command of Colonel (commonly called General)
Bradstreet, a native of Massaeliusetts, who had been
quartermaster-general of the Northern army in several
of its most important campaigns, and who was gen-
erally considered one of the ablest and most enterpris-
ing officers in the service.

After a long halt at Fort Niagara, to compel the
adhesion of the reluctant Senecas, the command came
up the lake, reaching the borders of Cuyahoga coun-
ty in August.

Colonel Bradstreet commanded the largest force of
white men which had yet appeared on Lake Erie, be-
sides a considerable number of Indians. They made
a gay and formidable appearance as they swept up
the lake, the white men in their great, open bateaux,
holding forty or fifty men each, with sails spread to
catch the favoring breeze; the red men in a cloud of
light canoes, each burdened with but three or four

warriors, and swiftly propelled through the water by
the paddles of its inmates.

It was one of those motley but picturesque bands, so
common in those early wars, which harmonized well
with the wilderness through which they were often
called to pass, and it presented more to interest the
eye and the imagination than might a far larger and
better disciplined army. Three hundred and fifty of
the number were veteran soldiers of the seventeenth
and fifty-fifth regiments of British regulars, clad in
their brilliant, scarlet uniforms, ofiicered by the eliie
of the aristocracy, and trained to obey every word of
command with more than religious zeal.

Beside them were three battalions of provincial
troops from New York, New Jei'sey and Connecticut,
numbering nearly eight hundred in all, less brilliantly
clad and less rigidly disciplined than their English
companions, but by no means to be confounded with
ordinary militiamen. Nearly all of them had seen
hard service in the many campaigns of the previous
ten years, had shown themselves no unworthy foes of
the soldiers of King Louis, and in combats with
the Indians were more than equal to the red-coated
musketeers of England. At the head of the Connect-
icut battalion was that sturdy farmer-soldier, then a
little over forty years of age, already renowned as one
of the most valiant Indian-fighters on the continent,
the companion or rival of Rogers in half a dozen
desperate campaigns, and afterwards destined to still
wider fame as Major General Israel Putman, of the
army of the Revolution.

Besides these soldiers of Caucasian blood, the water
was covered by a swarm of bark canoes, where gleamed
beneath the August sun the knives, the tomahawks
and the naked, copper- colored bodies of a thousand
warriors, gathered from nearly all the tribes of the
east to aid in the subjugation of their contumacious
western brethren. Here were Mohawks, Oneidas,
Onondagas, Cayugas, Tuscaroras, Conawagas, Nan-
ticoTces, Stoclcbridges, Oquagas, and even a few Otta-
was from Canada, ready to make war on their coun-
trymen and their great chieftain, Pontiac. The
largest body, however, from any tribe was composed
of three hundred scowling Senecas, who had only
been persuaded to join by the mingled threats of
Bradstreet and persuasions of Sir William Johnson
(who had accompanied the expedition as far as Fort
Niagara), and who had only the previous year per-
petrated the terrible massacre of the "Devil's Hole,"
on the bank of the Niagara, when nearly a hundred
English soldiers were surprised and slain in a few
terrible moments. They could hardly have been very
reliable allies of the British, and were probably re-
quired to accompany the expedition rather as hostages
for their brethren at home than for any other pur-
pose.

Colonel Bradstreet, as has before been stated, had
been considered one of the very ablest and most en-
terprising commanders in the service durino- the
French war, but he was singularly unfortunate

ENGLISH DOMINION.

throughout this expedition. He was believed to have
been deceived by a treaty he made with the Indians
at Presqu' Isle. When he readied Sandusky bay he
could neither persuade the hostile Indians of the
Scioto plains to come to him and make a treaty, nor
could he, for lack of transportation, go to them and
conquer them. He next proceeded to Detroit, where
perhaps the appearance of so large a force had a good
effect on the lingering followers of Pontiac, and then
returned to Sandusky bay.

On the 18th of October he re-embarked his men to
return east, refusing to wait even a few hours for
some who were absent from" camp. Within a day or
two after leaving Sandusky bay the boats were drawn
up at night along an open beach, on which the men
made their bivouac. During the night a storm arose,
drove the boats ashore, destroyed a large portion of
them, and caused the loss of a great part of the pro-
visions and ammunition.

The locality of this disaster was, beyond all reason-
able doubt, at "McMahon's beach," in the town of
Eockport, in this county, stretching from one to three
miles west of Eocky river, and being from eight to
ten miles west of Cleveland. The description of the
locality corresponds with that given in contemporary
accounts, though these are not very definite, and
moreover there have been an immense number of
military relics found in that vicinity which could not
have come from any other source than Bradstreet's
unfortunate flotilla. The principal of these relics are
described in an elaborate paper by the late Dr. J. P.
Kirtland, which is published entire in Colonel Whit-
tlesey's History of Cleveland, and of which we avail
ourselves liberally and thankfully in this chapter.

Some have attributed the disaster to the obstinacy
of Bradstreet, who insisted on drawing up his boats
opposite tlie beach and lauding there, in opposition
to the protests of his more experienced officers. Sir
William Johnson, in a letter to General Gage, im-
putes the misfortune to Bradstreet's relying on a
French pilot, of Detroit, who was suspected of betray-
ing an English officer— Captain Dalzell — into an In-
dian ambuscade the year before. The man may have
been treacherous, but the fact is hardly proven by
his failing to navigate Lake Erie with a fleet of ba-
teaux and canoes. The wonder is that so many of
those old navigators in such vessels escaped destruc-
tion.

Parkman's account says the storm raged three
days, but some part of this had probably spent its
force before the flotilla drew up opposite McMahon's
beach. If it liad been beaten against the land during
that period, there would hardly have been a single
boat left. As it was, twenty-five bateaux (half of
the whole number) were destroyed, and most of the
ammunition and baggage was lost.

Bradstreet proceeded to make the best arrange-
ments he could for continuing his return home. His
six brass field-pieces were buried on the shore, as Sir
William complained, " in the sight of ye French vil-

lain," who, he feared, would cause them to be dug
up by the Indians and used against Detroit. The re-
maining boats being too few to carry all the men,
the commandant directed a hundred- and seventy
rangers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
Putnam, to march along the shore of the lake and
river to Fort Niagara, while the main body of the
army proceeded by boat to the same place.

Among the numerous relics described by Dr. Kirt-
land, interesting of themselves, and also as proving
beyond doubt the locality of Bradstreet's disaster, we
will mention the following ; some being found at Mc-
Mahon's beach, and some in the immediate vicinity
of Eocicy river, a mile or two farther down. The
discovery of these at the latter point led Dr. Potter to
believe that Major Wilkins' expedition was wrecked
there, but, as before stated, there is no reasonable
doubt but what that disaster occurred on the north
shore of Lake Erie, and it is of course probable in the
highest degi-ee that some of Bradstreet's boats would
be carried down to the mouth of the river before they
broke up.

An elaborately finished sword was thrown on the
beach fronting the right bank of Eocky river in 1820,
whicb was picked up by Orin Joiner, a member of
the family of Datus Kelley. The top of the hilt was
a large lion's head of pure silver, of which metal the
guard was also composed. The silver was melted
down by a Cleveland goldsmith to whom the sword
was sold. Dr. Potter supposes the lion's head to
have been an ensign of the naval service, but the de-
tailed report of the forces employed on the expedi-
tion does not show that any belonged to the navy.
There were seventy-four "bateau-men," but these
were landsmen hired by Bradstreet, and organized in
a corps to navigate the vessels from which they took
their name.

In 1843, the bow-stem of a large bateau was thrown
upon the beach, after a storm which tore up the sand-
bank that extends from the east side of the mouth of
the river into the lake. The wood was thoroughly
water-soaked and partly covered with acjuatic moss,
the irons were deeply rusted, and the whole had evi-
dently been long imbedded in the sand. Numerous
pieces of muskets, bayonets, guns, flints, etc., were
also brought to the surface of the sand-bank, or
thrown on shore, by the same storm. Mr. Frederick
Wright drew in six bayonets with his seine in one
night, a short time afterwards.

At the mouth of "McMahon's run" the irons and
the remnants of a bateau were found by the first
settlers of the township. Several years later two
six-pound cannon-balls and a number of musket-balls
became exposed by the action of the lake at the foot
of a clay cliS at the west end of the bottom-lands.
This is supposed to have been the place where Brad-
street buried his cannon and ammunition.

About 1831, a young daughter of Datus Kelley
found in the sand of McMahon's beach a silver spoon
of heavy make and coarse workmanship, evidently

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

dating from the last century. It doubtless belonged
to one of Bradstreet's officers, as did also another
of the same description, found by Oscar Taylor in
1851. Numerous bayonets and pieces of muskets
were also thrown by the surf upon the beach, which
were collected by the families of Governor Wood and
Colonel Merwin.

Of still greater interest is a bayonet which remained
until its discovery, some twenty years ago, imbedded
in the blue clay of the bank of a gully on the farm of
Colonel Merwin, where it had evidently been driven
to its base by a soldier, to helj^ himself and his com-
rades up the steep ascent. On the upland just above
the beach, the early settlers found a stack of bayonets
covered with soil and vegetation, just as they had been
piled by a squad of tired soldiers 'after they had as-
cended the bank.

We are able, too, to follow the track of Putnam and
his men for a short distance, with reasonable certainty,
as they started on their tedious journey through the
forest. They appear to have followed a ridge leading
from the vicinity of McMahon's beach to the crossing
of Rocky river, near the plank-road bridge. On this
ridge, near the residence of Frederick Wright, one of
the soldiers threw down nearly a peck of gun-flints,
which were found there sixteen or eighteen years ago
by the gentleman just named. By their being aban-
doned so early on the journey, it is probable that it
was done by Putnam's order, who foresaw that his
men were less likely to run out of flints than they
were to fail in strength on the wearisome march.

Farther cast, along the ridge, a silver teaspoon, re-
sembling those already mentioned, was found at the
first plowing of the grovxnd afterwards occupied by
the orchard of John Williams. Still farther on, in
the garden of the Patchen Inn, Mr. Silverthorn in
1863 found three or four dollars in small silver
pieces, of French and English coinage, all of earlier
date than 1764. It is difiicult to account for them
except on the theory that one of Putnam's officers or
men threw ofE some article of clothing there, and in
his fatigue and perplexity neglected to remove this
money from the pockets. Iq 186.3, Mr. P. A. Delford
also discovered, near the plank-road gate, two copper
pennies, bearing the date of 1749 and the face of
George the Second.

In this account we have not only followed the de-
scription given by Dr. Potter, (condensing it to some
exteat), but have adopted his views in regard to the
course of events thus far, except as to the wreck of
Major Wilkin's expedition. We have more doubts,
however, as to his theory that the contents of a mound
in that vicinity were the bones of Bradstreet's soldiers,
drowned in the disaster of October, 1764. All the
contemporary reports say that no lives were lost, and
this corresponds with the usual account of the event,
according to which the boats were drawn up along
the shore and the men landed, and then the storm
destroyed the boats. This would certainly give the
men a chance to escape, and there is no reasonable

doubt that they did escape. Dr. Potter notices a
memorandum that " the losses of officers and men by
the wreck was made the subject of legislative action,"
and thence conclndes that many were drowned; but
this statement evidently refers to the "losses" of
property by the officers and men. Othei'wise the
word "loss" would have been used.

The mound in question was located a hundred and
fifty feet east of the plank-road bridge across Rocky
river, being, when the land was cleared, about a rod
square and rising two or three feet above the adjacent
ground. The covering was so thin that the bones
could easily be reached by a spade, and many bones
were scattered about the surface. About 1850 Mr.
Worden attempted to plow through it, but found so
many bones, and especially skulls, that he desisted.
Mr. Eaton, who again plowed into the mound in
1861, brought to Dr. Potter two bushels of bones, in-
cluding a dozen craniums, and there was a large
amount left; the skeletons being piled in tiers on top of
each other, and the bottom of the collection being two
or three feet below the surface. Certainly, if so large
a number of Bradstreet's soldiers had perished and been
buried there, some of the numerous reports regarding
that expedition would have said something about them.
It is almost needless to add that white people do not
bury their dead on the top of the ground, and heap
up a thin covering of earth into a mound above them,
especially when there was no greater reason for haste
than there was then.

Dr. Potter states that he explored the grave to the
bottom; that the skeletons were all those of adult
males; that he found several Indian relics among
them; that he and "one of the most perfect craniolo-
gists of our country," pronounced the skulls to be
those of Anglo-Saxons, except one, which he believed
to be that of an Indian — adding, however, that he
might be in error, and that "all may be Anglo-Saxon."
But if such errors could be made, then all may have
been Indian, which they probably were, judging from
the character of the mound, the articles found in it,
and the fact that there is no evidence that any such
number of white people ever died in that vicinity
previous to the present century.

On the 32nd of October Bradstreet camped at
Grand river; so that he probably left Rocky river that
morning. He arrived with the main army at Fort
Niagara on the 4th of November, and proceeded
thence to Oswego and Albany. Nothing is known of
Putman and his gallant band after they plunged into
the forest at Rocky river save that they, too, in time
made their way to Fort Niagara, though after suffer-
ing numerous hardships. It was not until the latter
part of December that the last of the provincials
reached their homes.

In May, 1765, the schooner "Victory" was sent to
get the cannon left by Bradstreet near " Riviere aux
Roches" (Rocky river), but was prevented by bad
weather. As the authorities were evidently desirous
to obtain them, there is every reason to suppose they

ENGLISH DOMINION.

did so, though there is no direct evidence to that
effect; for certainly there must have been plenty of
weather during the season when half a dozen light
field-pieces could be loaded on to a schooner.

For many years after these events very little oc-
curred within the territory of Cuyahoga county re-
quiring the notice of history. The Iroquois used it
as a hunting-ground, and their war parties occasion-
ally made excursions over it, or coasted along its bor-
ders, to attack those whom they chose to consider
their enemies living farther west, but very rarely, if
ever, did the latter venture to return their visits and
assail the flei'ce confederates of New York.

Detachments of British soldiers also occasionally
passed by here on their way to or from the upper
posts. The freight of the lake consisted of supplies
for the military posts, goods to trade with the Indians
and furs received in return. It was carried almost
entirely in open boats, or bateaux, similar to those
which bore the commands of Rogers and Bradstreet;
some of them going on the north side and some on
the south side of the lake. Of course the navigation
was very dangerous, and many were the hardships at-
tending the traffic. The New York Gazette in Feb-
ruary, 1770, informed its readers that several boats
had been lost in crossing Lake Erie, and that the dis-
tress of the crews was so great that they were obliged
to keep two human bodies, found on the north shore,
so as to kill for food the ravens and eagles which came
to feed upon the corpses. Certainly a most startling
picture of the terrors attending the early commercial
operations on Lake Erie.

In 1774 an act of Parliament declared the whole
territory northwest of the Ohio to be a part of tlie
province of Quebec, though without prejudice to the
rights of other colonies. Lord Dunmore, the royal
governor of Virginia, however, declared the act to be
in derogation of the rights of his province, and pro-
ceeded to grant large tracts of land northwest of the
Ohio. For other reasons the patriot leaders of the
colonics were strongly opposed to a law which traiis-
ferred the whole Northwest to a province which had
no constitutional government, and was arbitrarily
ruled by the crown.

. This was the period of "Lord Dunmore's War," in
which the Indians occupying the present territory of
Ohio, western Pennsylvania and western Virginia,
under the lead of the celebrated Logan, were defeated
by the Virginians at Point Pleasant, at the mouth of
the Kanawha. It does not appear to have changed
in any respect the condition of affairs on the shores
of Lake Brie.

The next year the Revolution broke out, but this
locality was too far from the frontier to be the scene
of any portion of that conflict. The nearest Ameri-
can settlement was at Pittsburg, the village which
had grown up around Fort Pitt, distant about a hun-

dred and twenty miles in a straight line from the
mouth of the Cuyahoga. Many of the western In-
dians, however, were persuaded to take arms in favor
of the British, mainly by persuasion of the Frencli
leaders whom they had long been accustomed to ad-
mire, and to follow, and who were employed by the
English for that purpose. War parties accordingly
frequently passed down the lake; some going on to
join the English forces in Canada — others turning off
at the Cuyahoga and going up its valley, whence
they made their stealthy way to the Ohio and struck
bloody blows a^ the settlers around Pittsburg. The
inspiration of these expeditions came from the Brit-
ish post at Detroit, whence the Indians received arms,
ammunition and presents of various kinds, to encour-
age them to continue in their bloody work.

So numerous did these outrages become that in 1778
an expedition was projected against Detroit, intended
to break up the nest where so many murders were
hatched. As preliminary to this a force was sent out
from Pittsburg against the Sandusky Indians, but
it only went as far as the present county of Tuscara-
was, where Porb Laurens was built, but abandoned the
next year. Tlie expedition against Detroit was given
up. Other attacks upon the hostile Indians were
made nearly every year.

In 1782 occurred the celebrated murder of about
a hundred peaceable Moravian Indians in the teri'i-
tory of Tuscarawas county, by a force of frontier
militia under Colonel Williamson. After this shock-
ing event the hostile Indians became more bitter than
ever, and many who had previously been neutral now
united with the infuriated friends of the murdered
Moravians.

Meanwhile the English had been taught by a score
of defeats that they could not conquer America, and
in 1782 commissioners met iu Paris to consider the
terms of peace. One of the most important ques-
tions was that of the boundary between the British
provinces and the United States. Commissioner Os-
wald, one of the representatives of Great Britain,
proposed the Ohio river as the boundary line; claim-
ing the northwestern territory as part of the province
of Quebec under the law of 1774. This proposition
was also secretly favored by Vergcnnes, the French
minister. It was vehemently opposed by the Ameri-
can commissioners, headed by John Adams, and the
line was finally fixed in the middle of the great lakes
and their connecting rivers. The definite treaty of
peace, recognizing the independence of the United
States, was signed in the fore part of 1783, and all
this region ceased by law to be under English do-
minion.

It will be seen that unquestioned British authority
over the territory of Cuyahoga county only lasted from
the surrender of Canada in 1760 to the peace of Paris
in 1783 — twenty-three years.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PEKIOD PKOM 1783 TO 1794

Dttention of Western Posts by the Briti h— Dissensions Among the
States About the Northwest— Origin of Conflicting Claims— The Fii-st
English Charter— The Second Charter for Vh-ginia^The Plymouth
Charter— Annulment of the Virginia Charter— Grant of Massachu-
setts by the Plymouth Company- -Grant of Connecticut to Earl Wai'-
wick by the same Company —Its Boundaries— Its Conveyance to Lord
Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others— The New Yorlc Claim— Views
of Che States without Claims -New York first cedes her Claim to the
United States— Virginia follows— Also Massachusetts- Connecticut
cedes her Claun to all but the Western Reserve— The Indian "Right
of Occupancy "—The Ii-oquois cede all East of the Cuyahoga— Treaty
with the Wyandots, Delawares and others— First Trade from Pitts-
burg—Primitive Engineering— Firat House in Cleveland— The Mora-
vians in Cuyahoga County— Outline of their Past History — Their Con,
version — Their Peaceful Conduct — The Massacre— Wandering of the
Survivors — They arrive at the Mouth of the Cuyahoga — Locate in the
present Independence— Call their New Home Pilgeri-uh— Their Course
dui-ing the Year — Speech of an Apostate— Connecticut attempts to
sell the Reserve— Wreck of the "Beaver"— The Crew winter on the
Site of Cleveland — The Moravians Leave the County — Their Subse-
quent Fortunes— Organization of the Northwestern Territory — Form-
ation of Washington County — Another Indian Treaty — An old French
Trader— Defeat of Harmar and St. Clair— Conveyance of the " Fire-
Lands " — Wayne's Victory and Treaty •-

On the conclusion of the treaty of peace the
Americans expected, of course, to take immediate
possession of the posts previously held by the British,
lying south of the boundary line. The English
government, however, refused to give them up, giv-
ing as an excuse the alleged unfair conduct of some
of the States regarding debts owed by their citizens
to British subjects. The posts at Fort Niagara, at
D(3troit and on the Sandusky .river were thus re-
tained. The Indians naturally looked on their pos-
sessors its the great men of the lake region, and thus
the English maintained a predominant influence over
this part of the country many years after any sem-
blance of legal title had passed away.

Meanwhile, even during the Revolution, dissensions
had arisen between the States regarding the owner-
ship of the vast country lying between the Alle-
ganies, the great lakes and the Mississippi. Several
of the States had conflicting claims, based on royal
charters or other grounds, while those who had no
such claims insisted that that unoccupied territory
ought to belong to all the States in common, since it
had been rescued from the power of Great Britain by
their united efforts. We will endeavor to give a brief
sketch of the principal j)reteusions put forth by the
States, so far as they relate to this locality. An elabo-
rate account of them all, with all their ramifications,
would require a volume.

In 1606, K.ng James the First granted a charter
to certain noblemen, gentlemen and merchants of
England, conveying to them all the eastern sea-coast
of North America, between the thirty-fourth and
forty-fifth degrees of north latitude; that portion
between the thirty-fourth and thirty-eighth degrees
being granted to a company resident in London
and vicinity, and that between the forty-first and
forty-fifth degrees to a company resident in the west of
England, while both had the privilege of establishing
colonies between the thirty-eighth and forty-first de-
grees, and of __ occupying the land for fifty miles

each way along the coast from the point of settle-
ment, and fifty miles back. The western company
failed to establish a colony in the territory granted
to it. The London company, with great difficulty,
succeeded in planting one in Virginia.

So, in 1609, King James gave a new charter to the
Loudon company, under the title of "The Treasurer
and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the
City of London for the first colony of Virginia." In
this charter his majesty granted to the company all
Virginia, from Old Point Comfort, at the outlet of
Chesapeake bay, two hundred miles northward and
the same distance southward along the coast, "and
all up into the mainland throughout, from sea to sea,
west and northwest." It was on this charter, and
this alone, that Virginia afterwards claimed the great
northwestern territory, giving the terms "west and
northwest" the widest range of whicJi they were
capable.

In 1620, King James gave a charter to the "Second
Colony of Virginia," commonly called the Plymouth
Company, comprising all the territory between the
fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude,
under the title of New England, granting it to them
" in length of and within all the breadth aforesaid,
throughout all the mainlands, from sea to sea,
together with all the firm lands, etc., upon the main,
and within the said islands and seas adjoining," pro-
vided it was not actually possessed by any Christian
prince or State.

In 1634 the charter of the London or First Virginia
company, covering Virginia proper, was set aside and
declared void by the English courts, under a writ of
quo ivarranto, on account of the misconduct or neg-
lect of the proprietors. The next year King Charles
the First declared that the territory previously cov-
ered by the forfeited charter should thenceforth be
dependent on him, and it was treated and considered
as a royal government; the right of granting vacant
lands being vested in the crown. Maryland, Dela-
ware, North Carolina, South Carolina and parts of
Pennsylvania and Georgia were afterwards formed
out of the territory covered by the forfeited charter,
without any protest on the part of the people or gov-
ernment of Virginia.

In 1628 the council of Plymouth, in whom, as
before stated, had been vested the title of New Eng-
land, granted to Governor Endicott and others all the
lands from three miles north of the Merrimac river to
three miles south of Massachusetts Bay, extending
west "from sea to sea," except lands occupied by any
foreign prince or State. This became the province
of Massachusetts bay, which claimed a territory about
seventy miles wide and four thousand miles long,
running from the Atlantic to the Pacific. As^ how-
ever, the strip in question would all go north of
Cuyahoga county, we need giye no farther attention
to it.

In 1630 the council of Plymouth also conveyed to its
president, Robert, Earl of Warwick, the territory em-

THE PEMOD FROM 1783 TO .1794.

braced inthe following description : "All that part of
New England in America which lies and extends itself
from a river there called NaiTagansett river, the space
of forty leagues upon a straight line near the sea shore,
towards southwest, west and by south, or west, as the
coast lieth, towai'ds Virginia, accounting three English
miles to the league; all and singular, the lands and
hereditaments whatsoever, lying and being within the
bounds aforesaid, north and south, in latitude and
breadth, and in length and longitude, and within all
the breadth aforesaid, throughout all the main lands
there, from the Western ocean to the South Seas."

In 1631, the territory thus diabolically described
was conveyed by the Earl of Warwick to Lord Brooke
and Lord Say and Seal, and their associates, who be-
came the founders of Connecticut. It was on the
ground of the above grant that Connecticut after-
wards claimed the northern part of Ohio, and really,
considering the extraordinarily puzzling nature of the
description just given, we see no reason why that
State should not have claimed all North America by
the same title. The northern limit of Connecticut
was, however, fixed by the English authorities at
forty-two degrees and two minutes, and the southei-n
one at forty-one degrees north latitude, and we believe
the officials of the colony and' State translated the
unintelligible lingo of Earl Warwick's deed to mean
that those noi'thern and southern limits should be
extended westward to the Pacific ocean.

The deed to Earl Warwick and the subsequent
charter confirming Connecticut in its political powers
were never annulled nor forfeited, and were the foun-
dation of Connecticut's claim, not only to northern
Ohio, but to the celebrated Wyoming valley in Penn-
sylvania, where many bitter and even bloody contests
took place before the Revolution, between the factions
of the two States just named.

Moreover, New York had a claim to northwestern
Ohio nearly as good as that of Connecticut, and much
better than that of Virginia. The nations of Indians
who resided on the frontiers of its settlement, were
always considered as particularly pertaining to her
jurisdiction, and her colonial assembly had frequently
been at considerable expense in keeping a commis-
sioner among them and conciliating their good will.
The State, therefore, claimed a pre-emptive title to
their lands, and insisted that those lands reverted to
her after they were forfeited by the hostility of the
Irequois during the Revolution. But it was generally
admitted that the Iroquois lands extended to the
Cuyahoga river; consequently New York asserted
her title thus far west, as the successor of those
tribes.

The claims of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vir-
ginia were all interfered with by the actual possession
established by the French and Dutch, but when the
colonics founded by these nations were conquered by
the English, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia
insisted that the crown should make good its original
grants. But the king's ministers took no such view

of the matter; they did not, when New York was
acquired, extend the dominion of Massachusetts nor
Connecticut over it, and when the Ohio country was
acquired it was, as we have seen, made a part of the
province of Quebec.

Thus it was near the close of the Revolution nu-
merous conflicting claims wei-e put forth to the fair
land between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, which
it was easy to see would be the home of a thriving
population. But all the other States than those
named above were strongly opposed to the recogni-
tion of tliose claims. They argued, and with justice,
that not only had some of those pretensions, particu-
lai'ly those of Virginia, been long since annulled by
due course of law, but that, no matter what might
be the technical title derived from some old yellow
parchment, the valley of the Ohio and of the lakes
had actually been conquered both from France and
from Great Britain by tiie blood and treasure of all
the colonies, and that all were equally entitled to
share in the results. Maryland had been especially
active in opposing the pretensions of Virginia On this
subject, and had 'been with difficulty persuaded to
enter the old Confederation (in 1777) by the pledge
that she should be justly treated regarding the public
lands.

It was evident to every one that the only way to
settle these disputes without violence was to cede the
land west of the Alleganics, or the greater part of it,
to the Confederation, and the patriotism of the diiy
was equal to the occasion. Now York led the way,
in the forepart of 1780, by ceding to the general gov-
ernment all her claims to the territory west of a line
drawn north and south through the westernmost part
of Lake Ontario. In December of the same year,
Virginia followed with a cession of all her right to
both the soil and the jurisdiction of the whole tract
northwest of the Ohio river. These cessions were
contirmcd after the treaty of peace, and accepted by
the Congress of the Confederation. Massacluisetts
abandoned her claim to the country west of the west
boundary of New York, as defined just above, and
compromised with that State in regard to a hirge
tract east of that line.

Coriuecticut, however, being a very small State, was
naturally more tenacious than tlie others regarding
her laud. Besides, she had been engaged in a long,
bitter controversy with Pennsylvania regarding the
colony She had planted in the Wyoming valley, a con-
troversy in which much blood had been shed, and in
which the passions of tlie people of Coimecticut liad
been warmly aroused in favor of their title to the land
lying west of them, from " sea to sea." NevertJieloss,
after much negotiating, in the year 1780 she ceded to
the United States her claims to all the laud west of a
line a hundred and twenty miles west from tlie west
boundary of Pennsylvania. The tract between that
boundary and the line first mentioned she retained
for herself, and the other States seem to have acceded
to her position. The tract thus excepted from the

GENEEAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

general cession was tliencefortli known as the Connec-
ticut Western Reserved Lands, or, more briefly, as the
Western Reserve.

Meanwhile measures had been speedily taken to
obtain a cession of tlie "right of occupancy" of the In-
dians. It should be understood that in all the dealings
of Europeans with the Indians it was taken for granted
that the absolute title to bhe land — what in law is called
the fee simple — was vested in whatever European gov-
ernment could establish its power over it, by discovery,
by building forts on it, or by conquest. But, as a gen-
eral rule, tribes of Indians with whom the European
nation might be at peace were considered as having a
certain inferior title, called the right of occupancy.
So long as they refused to sell the land and remained
at peace, it was considered illegal to remove them by
force, but they were not permitted to sell to any one
except the government or colony holding the title,
unless the purchaser had obtained a grant fi"om that
government or colony. The same system prevails to
the present day; the United States claiming the title
to all the unoccupied lands within its boundaries, but
not attempting to settle any given tract until it has
first purchased the Indian "right of occupancy" — at
the same time forbidding ony one else to purchase the
Indian title.

In colonial times, and perhaps at a later day, it
would appear as if speculators and frontiersmen had
sometimes got up wars for the express purpose of
driving the Indians from their lands. But the great
confederacy of tiie warlike Iroquois was too powerful,
and too good a guard of the colony of New York
against the hostile French, to be treated in this manner,
and down to the time of the Revolution they had
hunted over their broad domain with rarely any mo-
lestation. In that contest, however, they had, in spite
of many pledges to the contrary, waged deadly and
unsparing war against the colonists, and at the treaty
of peace had been abandoned by the British withoui a
single stipulation in their favor. The United States
did not directly confiscate any portion of the laud tlie
Iroquois had claimed, but they brought such a pres-
sure to bear that the latter very well understood that
some of it must be given up.

Accordingly, at a council held at Fort Stanwix, in
1784, between commissioners of the United States
and the chiefs of the Six Nations, the latter ceded to
the former, besides a small tract in New York, all
their laud west of the west bounds of Pennsylvania
and of the Ohio river.

But Indian titles are usually very indefinite, and
notwithstanding the long established pretensions of
the Iroquois it was thought best to obtain a distinct
renunciation of the claims of the western Indians to
the same tract. In January, 1785, a treaty was made
at Fort Mcintosh, by George Rogers Clark, Richard
Butler and Arthur Lee, with those who called them-
selves the chiefs of the Wyandofs, Delmvares, Ghiji-
pewas and Ottaivas, by which tiiose tribes were placed
under the protection of the United States and a

definite boundary of their territory was established.
The boundary between the United States on the one
hand and the Wyandots and Delawares on the other,
was to begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, go
up that stream to the portage and across to the Tus-
carawas; thence down to the forks of the Muskingum;
thence west to the portage of the Big Miami; thence
to the Miami of the Lakesor Omee (Maumee) ; thence
down that stream to its mouth.

The United States allotted the lands thus bounded
to the Wyandots and Delawares and to such of the
Ottawas as then dwelt there, to live and hunt on. It
was provided that no citizen of the United States
should settle on those lands, and if any did so that
the Indians might punish them as they pleased. The
claims of these tribes to all the lands east, south and
west of those above described were formally relin-
quished. It was further provided that if any Indian
should murder a citizen, his tribe should deliver him
to the nearest military post. Three military reserva-
tions were excepted from the Indian territory by the
United States, but none of them were within the pre-
sent county of Cuyahoga.

The territory of Cuyahoga county was thus, for the
time being, divided by the Cuyahoga river into two
sections; the western section being devoted to Indian
occupancy, while the eastern part was intended for the
home of Caucasian civilization. It was not, however,
occupied for some time afterwards, on account of its
distance from the settlements already established.

Down to this time there had been only a slight trade
in Indian goods and furs, back and forth between
Pittsburg and the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In the
spring of 1786, we find the first account of any con-
siderable commercial operation between those two
points. The firm of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburg,
had made a contract with Caldwell & Elliott, of De-
troit, to deliver to their agent at the mouth of the
Cuyahoga a large quantity of flour and bacon. In
May they began to forward it from Pittsburg, employ-
ing for that purpose about ninety pack-horses and
thirty men. Mr. James Hillman, (afterwards known
as Col. Hillman, of Youngstown,) was one of the men
employed, and has given an interesting account of
the transaction in a letter published in Col. Whittle-
sey's Early History of Cleveland.

The long train of burdened animals followed the
great Indian trail, leading from Pittsburg to the
Sandusky, as far as " Standing Stone," on the Cuya-
hoga, near the present village of Franklin, passing
thence along a smaller trail to the mouth of Tinker's
creek, in the present town of Independence in this
county. There the train forded the Cuyahoga and
proceeded down the west side, passing a small log
house, which a trader named Maginnis had lately left.
At the mouth of the Cuyahoga the men found an
Englishman named Hawder, sent thither by Caldwell
and Elliott to receive the freight, Avho had put up a
tent in which he resided. No one else was at the
mouth of the river.

THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794.

As the freight was delivered, it was forwarded by
the sail-boat " Mackinaw" to Detroit. The mouth
of the Cuyahoga was then where it is remembered to
have been by old residents before the opening of the
present channel; the water running through what is
now called the "old bed." There was, however, a
pond, called by the packmen "Sunfish pond," lying
still further west, and having been, apparently, a still
older bed of the river.

As the work of transportation was expected to last
all summer, the men desired to establish themselves
on the east side of the river, partly, perhaps, to get
off from Indian ground, but principally on account
of a fine spring of water which bubbled forth near
the present foot of Superior street. But it was diffi-
cult to cross the river, and to sail up it in the "Mack-
inaw" was impracticable, because the mouth was
closed by a sand-bar. It was opened by a very sim-
ple piece of engineering. The men made some wood-
en shovels, waded out upon the sand-bar, and dug a
ditch through which the water ran with sufficient
force to clear a channel navigable for the "Macki-
naw."

Having sailed up to the desired locality, they made
collars for their horses out of blanketSj and tugs out
of the raw elk-hide tent-ropes, drew together some
small logs, and built a cabin near the spring before
mentioned. This is the first house that is known
with certainty to have been erected on the site of the
city of Cleveland, though it is quite probable that
there had previously been a temporary trading-post
on one side or the other of the Cuyahoga at its mouth.

The traffic described by Mr. Hillman continued
throughout the season; six round trips being made by
the trains. We infer from the language of a letter
from Mr. Hillman, published in the Early History
of Cleveland, that some other goods besides flour
and bacon wei*e taken to the mouth of the Cuyahoga,
and that some furs were transported back to Pitts-
burg. Some of the upward-bound freight was taken
to Detroit by water and some by land.

Meanwhile, and almost simultaneously with the be-
ginning of this traffic, the first settlement was made
in Cuyahoga county by people who designed to de-
vote themselves to the arts of peace and civilization,
though most of them were not of the proud Caucas-
ian race. It was about the 7th of June, 1786, that a
weary band of travel-worn men and women ci'ossed
the western border of Cuyahoga county, and made
their way along the lake shore toward the mouth of
the Cuyahoga river. They arrived there on the 8th,
and almost at the same time a flotilla of canoes came
down the lake, with the old men and women and some
of the children belonging to the households, whose
more vigorous members had marched on shore. The
schooner " Mackinaw" had just previously brought
their heavy luggage and the most infirm of their
members.

All, save two leaders, were of unmixed Indian
blood, yet they bore upon their tawny features an

expression rarely seen among those fierce, relentless
denizens of the forest — an expression of mildness,
of patience, of resignation, lightened up only by
occasional gleams of religious enthusiasm. Their
principal leaders were two sturdy, broad-shouldered
men, with the unmistakable round, German physiog-
nomy, but whose fair Teutonic complexion had been
bronzed by long exposure almost to the aboriginal
hue. These were John Heckewelder and David Zcis-
berger, and their followers were the remnant of that
celebrated band of Moravian Indians, whose cruel
fate forms at once one of the saddest and one of the
darkest pages of American history.

Converted to Christianity by the efforts of the Mo-
ravian missionaries, they had established themselves
in the fertile valley of the Muskingum before the
Revolution, where, unmoved by the sneers of their
bi'ethren of the woods, they sought to live by agri-
culture and the chase, eschewing war, performing the
duties of their religion, and manifesting every evi-
dence of a sincere abhorrence both for the theoretical
errors and practical crimes of paganism. During the
Revolution they were objects of distrust to both par-
ties, though, so far as can be ascertained, without
cause on the part of either. As the war went on, nu-
merous outrages were committed on the frontier of
Pennsylvania by Indians, especially by Delawares,
to which tribe a large part of the Moravian Indians
had belonged. The fierce Scotch-Irish frontiersmen
were furious for revenge, and they cared little on
whom it fell. It was easy to concoct stories that the
Moravian Indians harbored and aided the marauders,
though all the circumstances showed that such was
not the case.

At the same time the pagan Indians and the British
officers insisted that the Moravians should move back
farther into the wilderness, where they could not be
of any assistance to the Americans. This they in fact
did in 1783, but a portion of them returned to the
Muskingum to take care of their crops. In the sum-
mer of that year a battalion of militia, under Col.
Williamson, marched swiftly to the Moraivian towns,
disarmed the hunters, got all of the pcojile into their
power under false pretenses, and then in cold blood
murdered the whole number — over a hundred men,
women and chddren. No more infamous ati'ocity was
ever perpetrated by the worst of those who are com-
monly called savages.

Yet those who had not returned to the Muskingum,
together with some who were at another village and
thus escaped the massacre, nearly all still adhered to
their religion. A few, only, joined the hostile Indians
and chunored fiercely for revenge — as might well be
expected. But the main body gathered sadly together
on the Sandusky, under the leadership of their de-
voted missionaries, Heckewelder and Zeisberger, and
again devoted themselves to the arts of peace and the
duties of religion. But here they were constantly
persecuted by their kinsmen, the Delawares, and
other savage Indians, and were taken under the pro-

GENERAL HLSTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

tcction of the British commander at Detroit. They
established tliemselves near that post, where tliey re-
mained until the spring of 1786. They then deter-
mined to locate themselves on the Cuyahoga, appar-
ently hoping to be allowed to establish themselves at
their old home on the Muskingum, for which they
always manifested a strong attraction. The schooners
"Beaver" and "Mackinaw," belonging to the North-
west Fur Company, were employed to bring them, but
occupied so much time on account of adverse winds
that the "Beaver" was ordered back from Sandusky.
The "Mackinaw," as has been stated, brought the lug-
gage and the infirm, wliile the rest came on foot or in
canoes, under the leadership of Heckewelder and
Zeisberger.

They pitched their camp on the site of Cleveland.
One of their number proceeded to Pittsburg to ob-
tain provisions, and Zeisberger set forth to explore
the river and find a suitable location. On the second
day he came to a lofty plateau on the west side of the
river, a little below the mouth of what is now called
u'inker's creek, where had once stood the Ollawa vil-
lage of which mention has previously been made.
There being already some partially cleared ground
here, and the locality being high and healthy, the
missionary selected it as the projjer place for his peo-
ple. The latter immediately removed their camp
thither, and began to erect huts and plant corn, ex-
pecting to go to the Muskingum after harvest. They
named their temporary abiding place Pilgerruh.

By the end of June they were, as they considered,
quite comfortably housed. Congress had voted them
five hundred bushels of corn, but it was to be deliv-
ered at Port Mcintosh in the vicinity of the Mus-
kingum valley, and thither they never went. They
were almost destitute of provisions, but they devoted
themselves assiduously to the chase, and with good
success — numerous elks being especially named as
among the victims of their skill. The man sent to
Pittsburg also returned with an order from Duncan
& Wilson, directing the agent in charge of their pack-
train to sell Zeisberger, on credit, all the flour the
Indians needed. A large quantity of goods also
arrived, which had been devoted to their use by the
Moravian churches at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, three
years before, but had failed to reach them on account
of their distant wanderings. Thus their immediate
wants were relieved, and on the 13th of August
they celebrated the Lord's Supper. But their friends
at Pittsburg assured them that they could not return
to their lands on the Muskingum without great pro-
bability of another bloody outbreak on the part of
the frontiersmen. So they concluded to remain, at
least through the winter, on the Cuyahoga.

The good missionaries were sadly troubled about
those Indians who had formerly belonged to their
congregation, but who had apostatized to paganism.
In September Zeisberger sent to the apostates some
of his most trusty converts, bearing a very pathetic
"speech," beseeching them to return; but all in vain.

Samuel Nanticoke, one of Zuisberger's delegates, met
his brother, who had apostatized, and added his own
entreaties to those of the missionary, but the son of
the forest fiercely rejected his pleadings, saying:

"By the waters of the Tuscarawas the whites
gained the end for which they strove so long. There
lie all our murdered friends. I avoid the whites and
flee from them. No man shall induce me to trust
them again. Never, while I live, will I unite with
you Christians. If your town were near, I might
perhaps visit you, but that would be all. Our fore-
fathers went to the devil, as you say, and where they
are I am content hereafter to be."

In October the houses of the Moravians, rude but
comfortable, were completed, and promised sufficient
shelter through the coming winter.

Heckewelder thereupon left the mission, with which
he had so long been connected, for the East; leaving
Zeisberger in charge, assisted by a lately arrived
brother named William Edwards. Heckewelder con-
tinued to labor as a minister until his death, many
years afterward, and was the author of a valuable
work on the Indians, from which most of these facts,
relating to the transient Moravian colony in Cuya-
hoga county, have been derived.

Zeisberger was fearful lest the Indians under his
charge should become a burden on the Moravian
mission board, and, having labored beyond his
strength to prevent it, fell seriously ill. The mission
board heard of this with deep regret, and united in
a remonstrance, urging him to draw on them for
what he might needs After their cabins were com-
pleted, the Indians labored zealously to build a
chapel, in which divine service might be held. It
was soon finished, and was consecrated on the 10th
of November.

As stated a short distance back, it was in this year
(1780) that Connecticut ceded to the Confederation
all the western lands which she claimed, except what
now constitutes the "Western Reserve." This ces-
sion was made on the 14th day of September. About
the same time the legislature of that State authorized
three of its citizens to sell all that part of the Re-
serve lying east of the Cuyahoga river and the port-
age path; that is, all to which the Indian title had
been extinguished. It was to be sold m townships of
six miles square, at not less than three New England
shillings (fifty cents) per acre. Pive hundred acres
were to be reserved in each township for the support
of ministers, and five hundred for the support of
schools. The first minister in each township was
also to receive two hundred and forty acres besides.
Until a republican government should be established
there, the law declared that the general assembly of
Connecticut should provide, for the maintenance of
order among the settlers. It was evident that that
State still claimed not only the title to the land of
the Western Reserve, but the political jurisdiction
over its inhabitants. But the land was so far from
the older settlement that no sales of any extent could

THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794.

be made, the surveys were not executed, and the
whole scheme fell to the ground.

Late in the autumn of 1786, the two schooners of
the Northwestern Fur Company, the "Beaver "and
the "Mackinaw," were coming up the lake, on their
way to Detroit. It was snowing fast when they
arrived, late in the afternoon, in the vicinity of the
Cuyahoga, and they both tried to run into that river
for shelter. Both failed. The "Beaver," com-
manded by Captain Thorn, was driven ashore near
the present foot of Willson avenue, in the city of
Cleveland; but, so far as we can judgefrom the vague
accounts which have come down to us, without loss of
life. The captain and crew of the " Mackinaw " were
not aware of the wreck of the " Beaver," and after
they had ridden out the storm sailed away to Detroit.

This was the last trip of the season, and the lake
would soon be frozen up; so Captain Thorn and his men
did not think it advisable to attempt escaping until
spring. They accordingly built a cabin on the bank of
the lake, opposite the wreck, and prepared to winter
there. There were three small brass field-pieces on
the schooner, as seems to have been the custom on the
Fur Company's vessels, which'frequently had to visit
regions which might be infested with hostile Indians.
These were taken ashore, greased, plugged uj), wrapped
in pieces of sail, and buried on the shore between the
wreck and the cabin.

From Captain Thorn's subsequent statements it ap-
pears there was then an Indian-trader by the name of
Williams at the mouth of Rocky river, from whom he
bought provisions when the stock taken from the ves-
sel ran low. Mr. Williams is mentioned in no other
account, and it is not known how long he had been
at the point mentioned. From the fact that he is not
spoken of by Mr. Hillman, who came to the mouth of
tlie Cuyahoga six times during the summer of 1780,
and would undoubtedly have heard of him if he had
then been at Rocky river, it may be presumed that
Mr. Williams did not locate there until the fall of that
year — but this is quite uncertain.

Captain Thorn also bought some provisions of the
Moravians. He and his crew remained through the
winter, but left with the opening spring. He con-
tinued to sail the lakes or to live near them all his
life. He was a Canadian, but took the side of the
United States during the war of 1812. He afterwards
resided on the St. Clair river, in Michigan, until his
death, which occurred about twenty years ago; he
being then nearly a hundred years old. He was well
known to many of the early settlers of Cleveland,
especially to Captain Allen Gaylord, from whose man-
uscript statement, preserved in the archives of the
Historical Society, the above facts are mostly ob-
tained.

Meanwhile Zeisberger and his followers were in
great perplexity as to what they should do next.
Pilgerruh was not considered a desirable residence.
They would all have been glad to return to the Mus-
kingum, but feared attacks both from frontiersmen

and hostile Indians. Their kindred Delawares of-
fered them an abiding place at Sandusky. At length
they determined to go to the mouth of Black river.
They celebrated Lent and Easter at Pilgerruh, and
then prepared for their journey.

On the 19th of April the persecuted little band as-
sembled for the last time at their chapel, and Joined
in prayer to God with hearts apparently still devoted
to their religion, notwithstanding all they had suf-
fered from those who called themselves the champions
of that faith. Their simple service being concluded,
they immediately set forth. One party went by land
under Zeisberger, while the rest entered their canoes
and followed the lead of Edwards down the river.
Ere they could reach the lake a great storm checked
their progress; so they remained to fish. The chron-
icler of their movements narrates that in one night's
work with torch and spear they obtained three hun-
dred fish of good quality, weighing from three to fif-
teen pounds each. What they did not want to eat
they dried for future use, They then proceeded to
their destination, where both jjurties arrived on the
24th and 25th of April, having dwelt in the territory
of Cuyahoga county about ton months and a half.

Their fortunes, after leaving our county,4were al-
most as sad as before. Scarcely had they reached
Black river when they were driven on to Sandusky
by the hostile Delatvares. They remained there till
1790, when, being again ordered by their jealous
kinsmen to remove into the western wilderness, they
besought the aid of the British commander, who took
them to the banks of the Thames river, in Canada.
In 1797 the lands they had occupied on the Mus-
kingum were conveyed to them by the United States,
and a part of them returned thither. These, too,
subsequently sold their lands and improvements to
the United States and returned to Canada, where
their descendants still reside.

In July, 1787, the Congress of the Confederation
passed an ordinance organizing the vast district be-
tween the Ohio, the great lakes and the Mississippi,
under the name of the "Northwestern Territory," and
providing for civil government over it. They also
elected General Arthur St. Clair as governor, together
with a secretary and three judges. The ordinance was
drawn by Nathan Dane, of Massachusetts, and pro-
vided that from all the territory thus organized slavery
should be forever excluded. Connecticut protested
against the inclusion of the Western Reserve in the
now Territory, but without effect.

It was not till the next spring (1788) that the first
white settlement was planted in the present State of
Ohio; the location being at Marietta, at the mouth of
the Muskingum. When Governor St. Clair and the
judges (in whom the temporary legislative power was
vested) arrived in the new Territory, they proceeded on
the 27th of July, 1788, to form the county of Wash-
ington, of which Marietta was made the county seat,
and which extended from the Ohio to Lake Erie, with
the Cuyahoga river and the portage path as its west-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

eni boundary; thus embracing the eastern part of the
present county of Cuyahoga. The section thus in-
cluded was a liundred and fifty miles distant from the
county seat, at Marietta, but as no one resided liere
that was of little consequence.

In 1789 the first congress under the Federal Con-
stitution re-enacted the ordinance of 1787; "thus giv-
ing the Northwestern Territory a permanent position
in the new political arrangement.

The same year another treaty was made at Fort
Ilarmar, by which the Indians again ceded to the
United States the country west of the Cuyahoga and
the portage path.

About this period, or a little later, one Joseph Du
Chatar had a trading post on the west side of the
Cuyahoga, some nine miles above the mouth. Jean
Baptiste Fleming and Joseph Burall were with him a
part of the time. Du Chatar, then in middle age,
had been from his youth in the employ of the North-
western company, and afterwards described the mouth
of the Cuyahoga as having been one of their princi-
pal points for the sale of goods and purchase of furs.
At the time mentioned, however, he was trading for
himself.

Large profits were usually made by the early fur-
traders, but there were some serious drawbacks. At
one time Du Chatar and his companions had a sharp
confiict with some Indians over the ownership of a
rifle. At another time a number of them demanded
liquor, which Du Chatar refused to let them have,
either because they could not pay for it or because he
thought them already too well supplied. They at-
tacked his cabin, which he and his men defended with
their rifles. Some of the Indians were killed and the
rest retreated. It would seem to have been very dan-
gerous to remain in the country after that, but the
French had ways of conciliating the savages which
hardly any one else could imitate.

In 1790, the western Indians engaged in open hos-
tilities against the frontier, and General Harmar
marched against them, only to be defeated. This was
followed the next year by the defeat of Governor
St. Clair, at the head of another army. The Indians
became extremely elated, and it began to look as if
the course of western emigration was to be perma-
nently checked. Of course, under these circumstances,
there was no sale for frontier land, and the Western
Reserve remained on the hands of the State of Con-
necticut.

In 1792, that State gave five hundred thousand
acres off from the west end of the Reserve, for the
benefit of those of her citizens who had suft'ered from
the burning of their property by the British during
the Revolution. This tract was commonly called the
"Fire Lands," and has been considered as a distinct
section under that nvime ever since, although a part
of the original Western Reserve.

Meanwhile, the administration of President Wash-
ington was making constant efl'orts to conciliate the
Indians, and secure a permanent jjcace. In 1793,

General Benjamin Lincoln, Hon. Beverly Eandolph,
and Colonel Timothy Pickering, postmaster-general
of the United States, commissioners appointed by the
President, passed up the south shore of Lake Erie, on
their way to Detroit, still held by the British, to
endeavor to make a treaty with the hostile Indians.
This effort, like all the others, was in vain.

But in 1791, Mad Anthony AVayne went ont to the
West, at the head of a well appointed army, and
inflicted a terrible defeat on the horde of warriors who
ventured to confront him. Another treaty was made,
which, being authorized and sanctioned by victory,
was well observed by the red men. So far as this part
of the Territory was concerned, Wayne's treaty merely
confirmed the line in-eviously drawn along the center
of the Cuyahoga. All the eleven tribes who joined in
the treaty agreed to acknowledge the United States
aa their sole superior, and never to sell any of their
land to any one else.

CHAPTER VIL

SALE AMD SURVEY.

Connecticut sells Three Million Acres in a Body— Names of the Pur-
chasers-Formation of the Connecticut Land Company— A Deed of
Trust— The Excess Company— First Directors of the Connecticut Com-
pany-The plan of Survey and Division decided on— The first Survey
Party— Its Leaders and Surveyors— British Annoyance— A Council at
Buffalo- Arrival at Conneaut— Trouble among the Employees— How
it was Settled- Beginning of the Surveys— Gen. Cleavelaud comes to
the Cuyahoga— The First White Family— Tracing the Coast Line-
Laying off Townships- Chagrin River mistaken for the Cuyahoga—
Organization of Wayne County— Directors Impatient— Laying out of
Cleveland— A Bear in the River— The Party start east but return-
Formal Agreement to let the Surveyors have Euclid— Rough Weather
—The Return— Persons left at Cleveland- Gen. Cleaveland's subse-
quent Career— Porter's Later Life— Annual Meeting of the Land Com-
pany—Failure of the Excess Company— Alexander Henry's Claim—
The Survey Party of 1797— Its Officers, etc— It goes to the Reserve—
The Fiist Funeral— Rations tor the Survey ors- Kingsbury, Carter and
Hawley— The First Marriage— D. & G. Bryant and R. Edwards— ITorm-
ation of Jefferson County — Atwater's Adventure— Tinker's Creek—
Sickuesss— Heallh on the Ridge.

Wayne's victory and treaty caused many eyes to
turn toward the Western Reserve, as a more secure
and desirable place of residence than it had previously
been considered. At the session of 1795, the legisla-
ture of Connecticut abandoned the idea of dividing
up the Reserve in small tracts and selling it out, and
adopted a new system. A commission of eight citi-
zens was appointed, one from each county, who were
authorized to sell three million acres adjoining Penn-
sylvania for not less than one-third of a dollar per
acre; the whole to be sold before any part of it was
conveyed. The purchasers were to take all risks, and
were to receive their deeds by shares, not by acres;
being then obliged to divide the land among them-
selves as best they could.

The scheme seems to have been quite popular, and
the commission succeeded in selling the whole tract
by the first of September, 1795, at forty cents per
acre making the total amount one million two hun-
dred thousand dollars. The purchasers were Joseph

SALE AND SURVEY.

Howland, Daniel L. Coit, Elias Morgan, Caleb At-
water, Daniel Holbrook, Joseph Williams, William
Love, William Jiidd, Elisha Hyde, Uriah Tracey,
James Johnson, Samuel Mather, Jr., Ephraira Kirby,
Elijah Boardman, Uriel Holmes, Jr., Solomon Gris-
wold, Oliver Phelps, Gideon Granger, Jr., William
Hart, Henry Cliampion, 3nd, Asher Miller, Robert
0. Johnson, Ephraim Root, Nehemiah Ilnbbard, Jr.,
Solomon Cowles, Asahel Hathaway, John Caldwell,
Pcleg Sanford, Timothy Burr, Luther Loomis, Bben-
ezor King, Jr., William Lyman, John Stoddard,
David King, Moses Cleaveland, Samuel P. Lord,
Roger Newberry, Enoch Perkins, Jonathan Brace,
Ephraim Starr, Sylvanus Griswold, Joseb Stocking,
Joshua Stow, Titus Street, James Bull, Aaron Olm-
sted, John Wyles, Pierpoint Edwards.

The subscriptions were of all sizes, from one of one
thousand six hundred and eighty-three dollars, made
by Sylvanus Griswold, up to that of Oliver Phelps,
who subscribed one hundred and sixty-eight thousand
one hundred and eighty-five dollars alone, and eighty
thousand dollars in company with Gideon Granger,
Jr., but were generally in sums of from ten thou-
sand to thirty thousand dollars. Henry Champion,
3nd, was the second largest subscriber, with eighty-
five thousand six hundred and seventy-five dollars.

The committee, in behalf of the State, at once
deeded to the subscribers as many "twelve hundred
thousandths " of the whole tract, as they had sub-
scribed dollars respectively to the purchasing fund of
twelve hundred thousand dollars. The deeds were
recorded in the office of the secretary of state of
Connecticut, and subsequently in the recorder's -office
of Trumbull county, Ohio. They were of the char-
acter commonly called "quit-claim" deeds; the State
warranting nothing, but conveying all its rights,
more or less, to the purchasers. There had, at this
time, been no definite surrender of the State's political
jurisdiction over the Reserve to the general govern-
ment, (although that government had assumed juris-
diction by including the Reserve in the Northwestern
Territory), and many of the buyers supposed they
could establish a State of their own, and make such
laws as they pleased for it.

On the 5th of Septembei-, the purchasers proceeded
to organize themselves into an association called the
"Connecticut Land Company," but did not obtain
an 'act of incorporation from the State. In law they
were only a simple partnership. All the members of
this association joined in a deed of trust to Jonathan
Brace, John Caldwell and John Morgan, authorizing
them to give deeds of various tracts to the owners,
according to the division to be made by the officials
of the company. It will be understood that a large
part of the three million acres purchased was known
to be on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and it was,
therefore, known that it could not be divided until
the Indian right of occupancy was extinguished by
purchase. It was supposed, however, that there was
considerably more than three million acres in the Re-

serve, exclusive of the "Eire Lands," and several
gentlemen proposed to take the balance from the
State. They were commonly called 'the "Excess
Company," and until the land was surveyed it was
supposed they would secure a large tract.

By the articles of association, the management of
the company's concerns was intrusted to seven direc-
tors, who were instructed to proceed as rapidly as
])ossible to sell that portion of the tract east of -the
Cuyahoga. For the purpose of electing officers and
making assessments, the whole was divided into four
hundred shares of three thousand dollars each; dis-
tributed among the various projjriotors in proportion
to the amounts they had subsci'ibed. The first hoard
of directors consisted of Oliver Phelps, Henry
Champion, 3d., Moses Cleaveland, Samuel W. John-
son, Ephraim Kirby, Samuel Matlier, Jr., and Roger
Newberry.

The articles of association also provided that the
tract should be surveyed into townships five miles
square; that part east of the Cuyahoga as soon us
possible, and the rest when the Indians were bought
out. Six townships of the former portion were to be
sold to pay the general ex])enses. Four more were
to be divided into a hundred lots each, making four
hundred lots of a hundred and sixty acres each,
which were to bo conveyed to the owners of the four
hundred s'hares respectively. The remainder of the
tract east of the Cuyahoga was to be divided into
portions, of which the best township was to form the
basis; other townships to bo brought up to the standard
by dividing some of them into fractions, and adding
them to tlie rest. The part west of the river was
subsequently to be divided in the same way. Tiie
board of directors selected Gen. Moses Cleaveland, a
lawyer of Canterbury, Windham county, then about
forty years old, to act as the general agent of the
comjiaiiy and manage the surveys east of the Cuya-
hoga, which it was expected would all be completed
the next year.

During the winter of 1795-6 further preparations
were made, and in the spring of the latter year a large
surveying party was organized. General Cleaveland
was superintendent; Augustus Porter, who was a na-
tive of Connecticut but had been engaged for many
years on important surveys in western New York, was ,
the j)rincipal surveyor and deputy superintendent;
Seth Pease was astronomer and surveyor; AmosSpaf-
ford, John M. Holley, Ricluird M. Stoddard and
Moses Warren were the surveyors; Joshua Stow was
the commissary, and Dr. Theodore Shepard was the
physician of the party. There were also thirty-six
other employees, including chainmen, axenieji, cooks,
etc.

The expedition set forth in May. General Cleave-
land and most of the members came by way of Alba-
ny, Syracuse, Canandaigua,- etc., to Buffalo. Mr.
Stow, with several men, took the provisions, instru-
ments and other freight in four large boats by way
of the Oswego river, Lake Ontario and the Niagara

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

river. Oswego, like the other frontier posts, was
still in the hands of the British, and their ofiScers
seemed anxious to annoy the Americans in every
possible way. Mr. Stow applied to the commandant
at Oswego for permission to pass with his boats, but
was peremptorily refused. In vain he represented
that without the instruments and provisions' which he
had with him tlie survey party could not begin work,
and'that the greatest inconvenience would be sure to
result; the officer was inexorable.

Finally, Mr. Htow apparently gave up the contest,
and retired up the river with his boats. The first
dark night, however, the flotilla sped quietly down
the stream, glided undiscovered past the sleepy sen-
tinels, and escaped into Lake Ontario. The deten-
tion, howevei', caused the boats to be caught in a
severe storm on the lake, in which one of them was
stove u^j and another of thcQi seriously injured.
What made the affair more provoking was that both
Fort Ontario, at Oswego, and Fort Niagara, at the
moutli of the river of that name, were about to be
delivered to the United States, under the provisions
of Jay's treaty. Fort Ontario was thus surrendered
on the fourth day of July following, and Port Niag-
ara still earlier; so that when the boats of the survey
party approached the latter post the men saw with
delight the stars and stripes floating over its ramparts.

On the 31st of June the tSix Nations held'a council
at Buffalo, at which General Cleaveland was present,
togetlier with some whom the surveyors called west-
ern Indians, but whom from the circumstances we
should infer to have been Mohawks, who lived west
of Buffalo, in Canada. Notwithstanding the numer-
ous treaties by which the claims of these Indians to
the country east of the Cuyahoga were supposed to
be extinguished, they still put forth some preten-
sions to it, and it was thought better to conciliate
than to oppose them. The celebrated Josejih Brant,
or Thayendenegea, was the principal manager on the
part of the Mt Nations, and gave General Cleaveland
a "speecli" in writing, but the equally distinguished
Red Jacket was the principal orator. The council
was adjourned over the a2nd, because the chiefs in-
sisted on getting drunk.

On the 23rd, after numerous speeches on both sides,
Cleaveland agreed to give the Indians five hundred
pounds. New York currency, (11,250) in goods, as a
present, aud also agreed to use his influence to ob-
tain for them an allowance of five hundred dollars a
year from the United States; failing which the Con-
iiocticut Land Company was to give them an addi-
tional present of fifteen hundred dollars. The chiefs
on their side agreed that the Indians should not in-
terfere with the settlers on the Reserve, a stipulation
which they appear to have faithfully observed. In
fact, they could hardly avoid losing their hearts to
General Cleaveland, for, tlfter the counciling and bar-
gaining was over, he gave them two beef-cattle for a
feast, with an accom^janiment of no less than one
hundred gallons of whisky!

The expedition then proceeded in boats up the lake
to Conneaut, in the extreme northeast corner of the
Reserve, where they arrived on the 4th of July.
They celebrated the day by firing with their rifles a
"federal salute" of fifteen rounds— one for each State
then in the Union— and a sixteenth for -'New Con-
necticut.'' The Reserve was frequently spoken of by
the first settlers and surveyors as New Connecticut,
and they evidently were not exactly certain whether
it was a part of the Northwest Territory or a separate
nation of itself.

At Conneaut nearly all the surveyors and other em-
ployees manifested a very insubordinate disposition.
Amzi Atwater, himself an employee, says they muti-
nied. At all events, they manifested a strong disposi-
tion not to go on with the work unless they could
derive some compensation for it besides their wages.
At that time it was thought that the ownership of
land in "New Connecticut" was the sure road to
fortune, and the men were anxious to become pro-
prietors. General Cleaveland yielded, and informally
agreed that if the men would go on and work through
the season they should have a township of land at a
dollar an acre.

As soon as this question was settled, some of the
surveyors ran south from the northe.ast corner of the
Reserve, along the Pennsylvania line, to the forty-
first parallel, and thence west along that parallel,
making it their base line. From it, at intervals of
five miles, they ran meridians north to the lake; the
spaces between them constituting "ranges." These
were to be subdivided into townships by east and west
lines, also five miles apart. They depended entirely
on their compasses, and as that instrument is subject
to numerous variations the meridians were by no
means accurately laid down. Some of them varied as
much as half a mile from the true line before reach-
ing the lake. The early government surveyors varied
in the same manner, but they soon learned to correct
each township line, as run by the compass, by meas-
urement to the preceding one.

While the surveyors were doing the work just men-
tioned. Superintendent Cleaveland came to the mouth
of the Cuyahoga, reaching that point on the 22d of
July, 1791, and established the headquarters of the
party there. With him, among others, came Job P,
Stiles and Tabitha Cumi Stiles, his wife, for whom a
cabin was erected, and who were placed in charge of
of the company's stores at that point. This was the
first white family, and Mrs. Stiles was the first white
women, who ever resided in the present county of
Cuyahoga. Their cabin and the company's store-
house were on the low ground on the east side of the
Cuyahoga, convenient to a spring which issued from
the side of the hill. This was the same location'that
had been chosen by the freighters, in 1786, as de-
scribed by Colonel Hillman, but the slight cabiif then
erected had probably entirely disappeared, having
very likely been used for fuel by Indians or travel-
ers; at all events it is not mentioned in the notes of

SALE AND StTRVEY.

any of the surveyors. The more substantial struc-
ture, built by Captain Thorn and his crew, near the
foot of the present Willson ayenue, was still standing.

Mr. Porter, the principal surveyor, took on him-
self the difficult task of tracing the coast line, so as
to find where the west line of theEeserve would strike
Lake Erie. The other surveyors, after runuing out
the meridians, as before stated, began to run parallels
from the Pennsylvania line to the Cuyahoga. Warren
ran the line between townships six and seven (Bed-
ford and Warrensville); Pease between townships
seven and eight (Warrensville and Euclid); Spafford
and Stoddard between townships eight and nine,
(Mayfield and Willoughby); and HoUey still farther
north. Pease's line ran through the present city of
Cleveland. No one knew anything about the Cliagrin
river, and every surveyor, when he reached it in run-
ning his parallel, supposed it to be the Cuyahoga and
went down to the mouth before discovering his misr
take.

We may mention, in passing, that Wayne county
was organized by the authorities of the Northwest
Territory on the 15th of August in this yeai-, nomi-
nally embracing the whole tract from the Cuyahoga
westward and northwtu'd beyond Detroit, which place
was made the county seat. Thus the county seats
(Marietta and Detroit) of the two counties (Washing-
ton and Wayne) which then embraced tlie present
Cuyahoga were over three hundred miles apart. As
all of this county west of the river was still Indian
land, the formation of Wayne county had no practical
effect here; nor was any part of this county ever ac-
tually organized in connection with either Washington
or Wayne.

August and September passed rapidly away in the
task of surveying the various lines. Holley and Pease
left journals describing their labors, but of course
only a small portion of them were performed in Cuy-,
ahoga county, and, moreover, the mere details of the
distances and courses which they ran on successive,
days would hardly be interesting to our readers. . As
indicative of the primitive utensils employed in their
traveling kitchen, we may notice Holley's memoran-
dum that.at the Chagrin river the cook got mad because
the bark would not peel, so that he had nothing to mix
bread on, and declared that he could give the party
nothing to eat. One of the men, however, solved the
difficulty by mixing the flour in a bag, thus restoring
serenity to the cook and food to the party.

Meanwhile the board of directors at Hartford be-
came impatient to have the laud divided among the
proprietors, and on the 26 th of August wrote to
Cleaveland, constituting him. Stow, Porter and the
four other surveyors a committee to equalize and di-
vide the land east of the Cuyahoga, according to the
plan already mentioned, and urging him to accom-
plish the work that season if possible. This, how-
ever, was entirely impracticable.

It had from the first been determined by the direc-
tors to lay out one "capital town," or city, at the most

eligible place on the Reserve, the township around
which was to be cut into smaller lots than the rest of
the tract, which were to be sold to actual settlers.
The selection was doubtless left to General Cleaveland,
to be made on the ground. He selected the site at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Porter ran out the
streets of the embryo city, and left Holley to survey
it into lots. Only twelve streets and lanes were then
laid out, which might fairly be considered sufficient,
as there was not a solitary permanent resident of the
"city." Cleaveland bestowed his own name upon
the place, and it was forthwith dubbed the "City of
Cleaveland." The township around it, however, was
at first called "Cuyahoga town." The locality at the
mouth of the river is also sometimes mentioned in the
surveyors' minutes as "Cuyahoga," but after Septem-
ber, 1796, is always "Cleaveland."

The morning of the 21st of September the survey-
ors, to the number of about tiiirty, who had collected
at the "city," found themselves without meat, and
with only a little flour, two cheeses and some choco-
late, in the way of provisions. It would not do to start
into the woods again, nor even to wait long where
they were. While they were wondering at the non-
arrival of expected provisions from Conneaut, and
debating as to what next should be done, a shout was
heard, and a bear was discovered swimming across
the river from the west side. Instantly every man
was on his feet. Porter and Holley jumped into a
canoe and paddled toward the shaggy visitor; anoth-
er man went up the shore with a gun, and the rest of
the shouting crowd assembled to stop the brute as
soon as he should reach the laud. They succeeded
only too well, for the noise and confusion were such
that the animal took the alarm, swam back to the
western shore and escaped.

As a compensatien for this loss, Holley's 'journal
notes mimediately afterwards: "Munson caught a
rattlesnake, which we boiled and ate."

By noon they had become so well assured that no
provisions were coming from Couneaut that they all
set out for that place in two boats and a bark canoe.
After sailing about eight miles, however, they met a
party with cattle and provisions, and returned to the
Cuyaiioga with much lighter hearts than when they
left it. On arriving after dark they saw a fire blazing
on the western shore. As they passed it, they dis-
charged a volley from their rifles by way of a salute,
in honor of the sojourners who had built the fire, and
in accordance with a custom which seems to have been
quite common on the frontier, among both whites and
Indians. The travelers were discovered to bo a party
of Grand river Indians, who had been west, hunting.

After a week more of surveying in the vicinity of
the river, the whole party assembled at its mouth on
the 30th of September, when the informal agreement
made at Conneaut, in the forepart of July, was re-
duced to a written contract, in whicli " Cleaveland "
is first mentioned as the name of the embryo city at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Moses Cleaveland

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

signed the coiitniot on tlie purt of the company, while
forty-one of the employees put their bauds to it in
their own behalf. Six of the employees, including
.Toshua Stow, were not parties to the arrangement.
The township which tliey selected was number eight
in the eleventh range, being the one next down the
lake from Cleveland. With great propriety, consid-
ering that they were all surveyors or assistaiits, and
that surveying is eminently a mathematical profes-
sion, they gave to their now township the name of
the great Greek mathematician, Euclid. The sug-
gestion is credited by Mr. Holley to Moses Warren.
Each of the men was to serve the company faithfully
till tiie end of the season, and was to have an erpial
share in the township at a dollar an acre, on making
certain improvements. "J'hese were carefully speci-
fied in the contract, and are more fully set forth in
the township history of Euclid.

On the same day the employees held a meeting, at
which they arranged the order in which they would
make their improvements, and transact other busi
ness.. The record of their proceedings was also dated
at the "City of Cleaveland,"aud the locality has ever
since retained that name, except that the "a" has
been discarded.

On the tentli of October, Surveyor Holley notes in
his journal that he with bis party "left Cleaveland at
tlie moutii of the Cuyahoga, to finish dividing the
east part of the township into lots." By the sixteenth
the weather began to interfere seriously with their
work. On that day Mi'. H. motions that they came
into camp wet and cold, but after "pushing the bot-
tle and getting a fire and some supper, all were as
merry as grigs." But Gen. Cleaveland evidently
thought that, considering the long journey before
them, it was time to be starting homeward. He and
the majority of the men appear to have left about the
sixteenth, and on the eighteenth Porter, Holley,
Pease, Stoddard, Atwater and nine others set out for
their distant and much-longed-for homes.

The only white persons left on the Reserve were
Job N. Stiles and Tabitha his wife, and Joseph Lan-
don. These were supplied with provisions for the
winter, and then abandoned to a solitude almost as
complete as that of Selkirk on his island. To be sure
there were plenty of Indians and squaws, but consid-
ering that many of the former had been, not long be-
fore, in arms against the United States, and were
liable at any moment to break out again, it would
seem as if their absence would have been more desir-
able than their company.

The object in leaving Mr. and Mrs. Stiles in this
isolated locality is not certainly known, but it was
pi-obably thought that the buildings would be less lia-
ble to be destroyed it' some one was in charge of them,
and if any tools or other property were left behind,
it was absolutely necessary that some one should keep
watch of them: for the noble red men, though civil
enough in their ordinary intercourse with the sur-
veyors, would certainly have been unable to resist the

temptation presented by any thing they could con-
veniently-carry off.

Landon, who had heen connected with the survey
partv, ])robably intended to trade with the Indians.
He soon left, however, his place being taken by Ed-
ward Paine, afterwards known as General Paine of
Painesville, who boarded with Stiles, and was cer-
tainly at that time an Indian-trader. He was the first
resident in the county unconnected with the survey-
party. The nearest white neighbors were at a settle-
ment made that fall in the present town of Willough-
by, Geauga county. Tradition asserts that the first
white child born in this county came to light in the
cabin of Job and Tabitha Stiles, in the winter of
1796-7, and that a squaw acted as its nurse, but there
is no positive evidence.

All the party, except those who remained at Cleve-
land, reached their distant homes without more serious
difficulty than was necessitated by a journey of six or
seven hundred miles, largely through the wilderness.
Noitiier General Cleaveland nor Mr. Porter ever re-
turned to tlie Reserve, unless possibly the latter may
have done so as a casual traveler. General Cleave-
land continued to practice his profession in his native
town of Canterbury, sometimes representing it in the
State legislature, and always occupying a prominent
position among his fellow citizens, until his death in
180G. Though, as before stated, he never returned
to the Reserve, yet he always manifested a warm in-
terest in its welfare, and especially in the village
which he had founded and which bore his name.
One cannot but regret that he was not spared to see
at least the beginning of its greatness as a city.

Augustus Porter soon after settled at Niagara Falls,
where he became one of the leading men of western
New Y.ork. He erected extensive mills there, and
was also the first man who built a bridge from the
mainland to Goat Island. In 1808, he was appointed
the first presiding judge of the court of common pleas
of Niagara county. New York, (of which Buffalo was
then the county seat), a post which he held for thir-
teen years. He died at Niagara Palls at a very
advanced age. Judge Porter was an elder brother of
Peter B. Porter, the distinguished general in the war
of 1812, and secretary of war under President J. Q.
Adams.

In January, 1797, the members of the Connecticut
Land Company held their annual meeting. There
was much complaint of the large cost of the work of
the past year, but after an investigation by a commit-
tee the proceedings of the directors and superintend-
ent were entirely approved. Cleaveland's agreement
with Brant and the other chiefs at Buffalo was also
ratified.

The stockholders were seriously discomposed by
another matter. Mr. Porter, having during the sea-
son made a traverse of the line of the Reserve along
Lake Erie, now reported that the total contents of
the original tract were only three million four hun-
dred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty-

SALE AND SURVEY.

three acres, and that, after deducting the five hundred
thousand acres granted to the sufferers by British
spoliation, (commonly called the Fire Lands,) there
remained only two million nine hundred and fifty
thousand seven hundred and fifty-three acres for the
Connecticut Land Company. This was about fifty
thousand acres less than they had bought.

Moreover, the "Excess Company," the members of
which had been paying fancy prices for a share in the
surplus of the Western Reserve above three million
acres, (besides the "Fire Lands") suddenly found that
there was no surplus, and many of them became
bankrupt on account of the 4'scovery. Fault was
found with Porter's survey, but subsequent work
showed tliat the estimated amount was too large
rather than too small; a very close eomputation by
Leonard Case making the whole amount in the Re-
serve, besides the Fire Lands, two million eight hun-
dred and thirty -seven thousand one hundred and
nine acres. This great reduction fropi the amount
estimated before the survey was caused by the fact
that, in going west. Lake Erie trended much farther
south than had been supposed before exact calcula-
tions were made.

In the spring of 1797, the company again made
preparations to send a party to finish the surveys.
While they were doing so, Mr. Cleaveland received a
letter from one Alexander Henry, who had been an
Indian trader from Montreal to the upper-lake region
ever since the treaty of peace between Prance and
England, in 1763. He claimed that he and others
had bought of the Indians a large tract west of the
Cuyahoga and north of Wayne's treaty-line, which
included all of the Western Reserve west of the river
just mentioned. This he offered to sell to the com-
pany at one shilling per acre; guaranteeing a confirm-
ation of the deed by the Indians. He stated that the
deed was in the hands of Alexander Macomb, (father
of the general of that name in the war of 1813,) a
great land-speculator of that day and a co-proprietor
with Henry. It is quite likely that some of the chiefs
of the Delawares or Chippewas had made such a deed^
but, as the United States had invariably refused to
recognize sales made by the Indians to any one but
the general government, no attention was paid to
Mr. Henry's claim. He afterwards published an
account of his adventures among the Indians, which
is a valuable authority on the subject of aboriginal
history.

In the letter in question Mr. Henry mentioned that
one John Askin, one of the proprietors under the
alleged purchase, was then residing with his family
"at Cuyahoga," but there is nowhere else any account
of such a person. Among all the numerous state-
ments made by surveyors and their friends, it is
hardly possible that Askin would have been passed
over if he had lived on or near either bank of the
Cuyahoga. Henry may have falsified entirely, or may
have mistaken Askin's location, or the latter may
have moved away before the surveyors came.

The survey party of 1797 was organized at Schenec-
tady, New York, by Mr. Seth Pease, who had been
selected as principal surveyor for the coming season,
and who proceeded to that point during the forepart
of April. After the company was formed, Rer. Seth
Hart was made the superintendent. Besides the two
officials just named, there were no less tlian eight
surveyors: Richard M. Stoddard, Moses Warren,
Amzi Atwater, Joseph Landon, Amos Spafliord, War-
ham Shepard, Phineas Barker and Nathan Redfield.
Dr. Theodore Shepard was again employed as the
physician. There were, in addition, fifty-two other
employees, to perform the numerous duties necessary
in an extensive survey; the most prominent of these
being Colonel Ezra Waite and Major William Sliep-
ard, who seem to have had charge of the others when
the latter were not under the immediate direction of
the surveyors. Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith of
1796, was also a member of the present expedition.
There were in all sixty-three members, of whom only
twelve had been on the previous expedition; and, of
these latter, seven were surveyors. Evidently the
work of carrying a chain or wielding an axe in the
tangled forest, living on indigestible bread and sleep-
ing on the wet ground, had lost all their romantic
charms during one year's experience.

The expedition took the usual route to the western
world, by way of the Mohawk river, Onedia lake,
Oswego river, Lake Ontario, Niagara river and Lake
Erie, though a portion went by land, by way of Oanan-
daigua, under charge of Major William Shepard.
After leaving some of the men at work in the eastern
part of the Reserve, the head of the main portion of
the expedition arrived at Cleveland on the first day
of June. Mr. Pease's journal mentions finding Mr.
and Mrs. Stiles well, and also Mrs. Gun, who, with
her husband, had moved from Conneaut that spring,
though Mr. Gun was then absent. He says nothing
of there being a child in the Stiles family, which it is
exceedingly probable he would have done if one had
been born during the winter, at least if it had then
been living.

Boats belonging to the expedition kept coming for
several days afterwards. In the afternoon of June
4th, one of them brought the body of David
Eidridge, one of the hands, who had been drowned
the same day, in attempting to swim his horse over
Grand river. The next morning the north part of
lots ninety-seven and ninety-eight, in Cleveland, were
selected as a burial ground. There were a few boards
in the vicinity, and a strong, rude coffin was quickly
made. The body of Eidridge was placed in it, the
coffin was fastened with cords to a stout pole, by
which means it was supported on the shoulders of the
comrades of the deceased, and the procession moved
slowly to the burial ground. There the body was
solemnly interred; Superintendent Hart reading the
burial service. A rough fence was also built around
the grave. This was, so far as known, the first funeral
in Cuyahoga county.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Parties were at once sent out in various directions
to recommence the surveys. Mr. Pease mentions the
articles furnished to each party, which certainly form
a somewhat miscellaneous collection, viz. : Porlc, flour,
tea, chocolate, sugar, ginger, spirits, vinegar, cheese,
pepper, empty bags, fire-steel, punk, candles, a tent,
axes, hatchets, pocket compasses, measuring pins,
salt, soap and horses. From a previous entry, we
learn that the daily rations for a mess of six men
were five pounds of pork, a pound of chocolate, a
" small porringer " of sugar, a half bottle of tea, a
bottle of rum, and flour without limit. The most
noticeable difference between these rations and those
issued to soldiers and explorers at the present day is the
absence of coffee from the former. Jlodern campers-
out would hardly find tea, chocolate, or even a bottle of
rum, a sufficient substitute.

The main headquarters were established at Cleve-
land, but on the tenth of June Mr. Pease with -a small
party went up the Cuyahoga, and soon after estab-
lished the " upper headquarters," near Cuyahoga
Palls, in the present county of Summit.

On the 11th of June, 1797, James Kingsbury and
his family arrived at Cleveland. He was a native of
Connecticut, but had moved from Now Hampshire to
Conneaut the previous season. Por a short time he
lived in a dilapidated house on the west side of the
river, which may have been the one occupied by John
Askin.

Early this season, also, Lorenzo Carter, of Rutland,
Vt., and his brother-in-law, Ezekicl Ilawloy, came to
Cleveland with their families. According to a state-
ment made in his lifetime by Alonzo Carter, son of
Lorenzo, his father arrived on the 2d of May; having
stayed the previous winter in Canada. Carter and
Hawley both located in Cleveland. One of the chil-
dren of the latter was Fanny B., then five years old.
She is still living, at tlic age of eighty-seven years,
being now the venerable widow of Mr. Theodore
Miles, of the eighteenth ward of Cleveland, formerly
Newburg. She is unquestionably the earliest sur-
viving resident of Cuyahoga county, and her memory
spans the whole time and all the wonderful changes
from the unbroken forest to the teeming county and
the mighty metropolis.

Mr. Carter, afterwards universally known as Major
Carter, was well calculated to succeed in a new coun-
try; being an exti'cmely active, enterprising man, an
expert hunter, and withal peculiarly adroit in gain-
ing an influence over the Indians, who were constant
neighbors and frc((uent visitors. He at once began
entertaining travelers, and his was the first hotel in
Cuyahoga county.

The first marriage followed quickly after the first
funeral. Carter's hired girl bore the peculiar name
of Chloe Inches. While Mr. Carter was residing in
Canada, during the previous winter, she had formed
the acquaintance of one William Clement, who speed-
ily followed her to Cleveland. They were married by
Rev. Mr. Hart, and, as no further mention is made

of Clement in Cleveland annals, we presume he re-
turned with his bride to Canada.

In June David Bryant and his son Oilman (the
latter being afterwards a well known citizen and one
of the latest surviving pioneers) came to Cleveland by
boat; being on their way to a grindstone quarry on
Vermillion river. They made trips back and forth
all that summer, carrying grindstones oast, probably
into Pennsylvania. Their stopping place was at Car-
ter's tavern. Besides those already named, Rudolphus
Edwards became a resident of Cleveland during the
summer.

Up to this time all that part of the Western Re-
serve east of the Cuyahoga had continued to be a por-
tion of the county of Washington, created in 1788,
with its county-seat at Marietta. No one in this
vicinity paid any attention to its authority, and the
directors of the Land Company were very anxious to
have a "legal and practicable government." The
legislature of Connecticut declined to assume any
political authority. On the 29th of June, 1797,
Washington county was divided; all the north part,
including that portion of Cuyahoga east of the river,
being formed by the legislature of the Northwest Ter-
ritory into the county of Jefferson, with the seat of
justice at Steubenville. The latter place was fifty
miles nearer than Marietta, but still no attention was
paid to the authorities there by the few inhabitants
of the Reserve, nor did those authorities attempt to
organize any townships within that district.

The surveyors and their men were soon nearly all
engaged in running the lines in the southern part of
the Reserve; their headquarters in the field being, as
before stated, a short distance below Cuyahoga Falls.
A sad but interesting event, the last scene of which
was in Cuyahoga county, is narrated by Amzi Atwater,
then a youth scarcely twenty-one years old. While
he and Warham Sliepard were running the south part
of the fifth meridian (now the line between Trumbull
and Portage counties), in the latter part of July,
Minor Bicknell, one of the assistants, was taken
violently sick with a fever. There was no medicine
and no comforts for the sick, and the only hope
of saving the man was to get him to Cleveland or the
upper headquarters as soon as possible. Shepard
agreed to go on with the survey with one man, while
Atwater withoneortwo others undertook to convey
Bicknell to a more desirable location.

Placing one horse far enough behind another to
admit of a man's lying lengthwise between them,
Atwater and his helpers put two long poles, one on
each side of the horses, and fastened them to the
pack-saddles with strips of bark. With other pieces
of the same material they made a kind of net work
between the polos. On this they made a bed -of
blankets, and laid the sick man upon them. On the
20th day of July they started out, with no guide but
Atwater's compass and the marks made along the
lines already run. After going a short distance south,
they proceeded west along the third parallel. A

SALE AND SURVEY.

man was sent ahead to have a boat ready at the upper
headquarters, if there were any there. *

Bicknell was delirious a large part of the time, and
so serious was the diiBculty in advancing through the
forest with such an unwieldy carriage, and so great
was the necessity of moving the sick man carefully, that
the cortege was only able to make about ten miles a
day. Proceeding west to the present corner of Stow
and Hudson townships, Summit county, Atwftter
turned south to the old Indian trail from the Ohio
river to Sandusky. There he met his messenger, who
said that the camp at upper headquarters was taken
up, and all the boats had gone down the river. The
same man was then directed to go to Cleveland and
get a boat to come up to the present south line of
Independence, where the party would meet it.

Atwater then went north, on the west line of Stow
and Hudson, to the northwest corner of the latter
townsliip, where he again turned to the west. Plod-
ding wearily along tlie faint track which went straight
over hill and through valley, camping where night
overtook him, listening to the occasional howl of
the wolves in the distance, and burdened all the time
with the care of a delirious invalid who was hourly
growing worse, the young surveyor found his own
nervous and muscular system subjected to a terrible
strain, and afterwards, no doubt truly, described this
as the most exciting event of his life. At length, in
the forenoon of the 25th of July, they reached the
Cuyahoga, on the line between Independence and
Brecksville, and rested to await the arrival of the
boat from Cleveland.

But no aid could come quickly enough to help the
smitten man, who died within two hours of his
arrival at the river. Soon after noon Joseph Tinker
came with the expected boat, having Dr. Shepard on
board. The only thing that could then be done was
to bury the unfortunate Bicknell, and he was accord-
ingly interred near the river, close to the south line
of Independence. Exhausted as Atwater was by
fatigue and anxiety, he was obliged almost immedi-
ately to retrace his steps, in order to find Warham
Shepard and help him out with the surveys.

Apropos of this last event, it may be remarked that
''^Joseph Tinker, who came up in charge of the boat,
seems to have acted as the principal master of trans-
portation for the company; sometimes going back to
Conneaut and other points for supplies, with four or
five men and a boat, at other times transporting the
needed articles on pack-horses to the various parties
of surveyors. He was drowned in the lower part of
Lake Erie while returning home the next fall, but his
name is preserved in "Tinker's creek," which is the
principal stream that flows intjji the Cuyahoga in

this county; heading in Portage county and running
through the townships of Solon, Bedford and Inde-
pendence.

The township lines were ?oon completed, and all
the surveyors and their assistants returned to Cleve-
land. A few remaining lots of Cleveland township
were then run out, and Warronsville and part of
Bedford were also divided into lots. Meanwhile the
"equalizing committee," composed of the principal
surveyors, was hard at work, exploring the townships
and settling on the size of the fractions which should
be added to other townships, so as to make them all
of substantially the same value.

Work progressed slowly, for sickness had become
extremely prevalent. Fever and ague was the princi-
pal disease, but dysentery and bilious fever were also
common. One of the workmen, named William An-
drews, died in August, as did also Peleg Washburn,
an apprentice to Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith.
On the 8th of August the sick list numbered seven;
on the 37th it had arisen to eleven, and on the 13th
of September the number who could not work was
twelve. The men having almost none of the appli-
ances and comforts of civilized life, the ague racked
them with extreme violence. The fits often came on
every day, and when they passed off it was all the
poor, exhausted men could do to crawl from their
blanket beds to the spring, and get water enough to
last them through the next attack.

On the 13th of September nine sick persons were
discharged and sent east. About the first of October
some of those who had acquired claims in Euclid,
under the agreement of the year before, made im-
provements in accordance with that agreement. But
the groat anxiety to obtain land on the Eeserve had
passed away under the influence of hardship and ague,
and very few of the original contractors performed
their agreements and received their land. In the lat-
ter part of October the surveyors and their assistants
all left for the east.

The families left at Cleveland were those of Carter,
Ilawlcy, Kingsbury and Edwards. These, like the
surveyors, had been terribly afflicted by ague, and Mr.
Kingsbury determined to seek a healthier location.
He accordingly removed to the high ridge running
from what has since been called "Doan's Corners"
to Newburg, at a point, about five miles from the
lake, where the present Kinsman street strikes Wood-
land Hills avenue, and where his descendants still re-
side. There he built him a cabin, which he occupied
with his family on the 11th of December; being the
first permanent resident in the county away from the
immediate shore of the lake.

GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE PEEIOD PROM 1798 TO 1800.

The Best Townships— Annual Meeting of 1798- New Assessment— Report
of the Equalizing Committee— Subsequent Career of Setli Pease-
Bounty on Gristmills— Road built to the Pennsylvania Line— Escaping
the Ague— Carter's Generosity -Settlement of Euclid— An Ague-Smit-
ten Family— Description of a Plumpiug-Mill— Kingsbury's Hand Grist-
mill—Lack of Medicine— Annual Indian Hunts in Cuyahoga County —
Annual Drunks— Carter's Quarrel with Indians— His Influence over
them -Fishing at Roolcy River— The First Gristmill-The Surveyore
give up Euclid— The First Sawmill— The First School— Formation of
Trumbull County -First Election in it— First Court of Quarter Sessions
of TrumbuU-First Justices of the Peace from the Present Cuyahoga
—Organization of Civil Townships -Boundaries of Cleveland— First
Constables— Kirtland's Remonstrance against High Prices.

As before stated, it had beeu decided by the direc-
tors to take some of the most valuable to-wnships as
the standard, and bring the others up to that stand-
ard by the addition of fractious. Those selected by
the committee as the most valuable in the whole Re-
serve (outside of those chosen to be sold for the gen-
eral benefit), were townships five, six and seven of
range eleven, and township eleven of I'ange seven;
now, respectively, Middlefield in Summit county,
Bedford and Warreusville in Cuyahoga county, and
Perry in Lake county.

At their annual meeting on the 23d of January,
1798, the stockholders confirmed the action of the
directors, in giving a city lot, a ten-acre lot and a hun-
dred-acre lot to Mrs. Stiles, a hundred-acre lot to Mrs.
Gun, and a hundred-acre lot to James Kingsbury;
also a city lot to Nathaniel Doau, conditioned on his
living on it as a blacksmith. At the same time an-
other assessment of twenty dollars a share was ordered;
thirty-five dollars a share having already been raised
during the preceding summar.

. The question of political jurisdiction was still not
quite decided, but the stockholders offered all their po-
litical authority, more or less, to Congress; at the same
time requesting that the authorities of the Northwest
Territory should form a new county, to embrace the
Western Reserve. Some small donations of land were
also offered to actual settlers. A committee reported
in favor of building a road near Lake Erie from the
Pennsylvania line to Cleveland, with a branch to the
salt springs in the present county of Mahonino-. The
stockholders voted that the fifteen hundred dollars
})romised to the Indians, through Brant, should be
paid to the United States superintendent of Indian
affairs, to be divided among the Six Nations as he
should think just.

On the 39th of the same month the stockholders
were again convoked by the directors to receive the
report of the committee on partition, consisting of
Pease, S])afford, Warren and Holbrook. Six town-
shijis were to be sold for the general benefit; two of
them being Euclid and Cleveland (then including
Newburg) and four being outside of Cuyahoga county.
Pour other townships (Warreusville, Bedford and
two outside the county) were drawn in four hundred
parcL^ls, one to each share. All the rest of the Re-
serve east of the Cuyahoga was drawn in ninety-
three parcels; each consisting of a township or more.

These, as before arranged, were received by the pro-
prietors, who clubbed together in groups for the pur-
pose; each group dividing its portion among its mem-
bers as they could agree. This ended the direct
connection of Mr. Pease with the Connecticut Land
Company. He was afterwards employed by the " Hol-
land Company " in surveying its land, which com-
prised six or eight of the westernmost counties of
New York. When his brother-in-law, Gideon Gran-
ger, became postmaster-general of the United States
in 1801, Mr. Pease was made assistant postmaster-
general. While holding that position he was employed
by the government to relocate the south line of the
Western Reserve, in 1806.

The stockholders were still in trouble because Con-
gress had failed to take any special action regarding
their territory, and again petitioned the legislature of
Connecticut to afford them relief, but that body wisely
decided to make no movement which might bring it
into collision with the national authorities. The
company also voted to give two hundred dollars, or
loan five hundred, to any one who would put uj) a
gristmill near the Cuyahoga, and likewise to others,
to do the same in other localities. Two more assess-
ments were levied, of ten dollars per share each.

In the spring of 1798 a party of eighteen came out
to the Reserve and built a road from Cleveland to the
Pennsylvania line, near the lake shore, which occu-
pied them the greater part of the season. The same
year Doau, (who had returned from the East to settle,)
Edwards, Stiles and Gun followed the example of
Kingsbury and located themselves four or five miles
each from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Doau made
his home at the point long known as Doan's Corners,
and the others along the ridge south from that point.
The object of all of them was to escape the ague, then so
terribly prevalent in the "city," and to a great extent
they succeeded. Their removal left the "city" to
the occupancy of Mr. Carter, Mr. Amos Spafford, (who
came there tlie same year) and their families, and to
Joseph Landon and Stephen Gilbert who cleared land
and sowed some wheat. The early accounts speak
frequently of the generous assistance afforded by Mr.
Carter and his wife to the fever-smitten inhabitants.
He seems to have escaped sickness to a considerable
extent, and his expertness with his rifle enabled him
to make frequent and most welcome presents of game
to his afflicted neighbors. Deer were plenty, and
could be seen forty, fifty or even sixty rods away,
owing to the fact that there was very little underbrush
in any part of the county. Mr. Carter also brought
goods that year to trade with the Indians ; thus be-
coming the first merchant in the county after the
settlement by the whites. The same year Mr. John
Morse and others made a settlement in Euclid.

As illustrative of the hardships undergone by the
early settler, it may be mentioned that Nathaniel
Doau and his whole family, numbering nine persons,
were sick during a considerable part of the season.
The only one able to do anything was his nephew,

THE PERIOD FEOM 1798 TO 1800.

Seth Doan, a boy of thirteen, and he had the inevita-
ble shakes. For two months Seth went to Mr.
Kingsbury's and got corn, which he then crushed in
Ml". Kingsbury's hand-mill and took home to the
family. When he was unable to go they had no
vegetable food but turnips, though Carter and his
hounds ke])t them pretty well supplied with venison.

The mill spoken of, at least the first one built by
Mr. Kingsbury, was of the foi'm which was common
in all the new country during the first years of settle-
ment. An oak stump was hollowed out so that it
would hold about half a bushel of corn. Above it a
heavy wooden pestle was suspended to a "spring-
pole," the large end of which was fastened to a neigh-
boring tree. A convenient quantity of corn being
poured into the hollow, the pestle was seized with
both bauds and brought dowu upon it. Then the
spring-pole drew it up a foot or two above the corn,
when it was again brought down, and thus the work
continued until the coru was reduced to a quantity of
very coarse meal. These machines were commonly
called "plumping-mills," and probably each of the
first-settled townships in the county had one or more
of those rude but convenient articles. For three or
four years there was no water-mill nearer than Penn-
sylvania.

Mr. Kingsbury, however, being a particularly en-
terprising pioneer, soon constructed something more
effective than his plumping-mill, though still unable
to compass a regular gristmill. Getting a couple of
large stones in the vicinity, he shaped them into
some similitude to mill-stones and fastened the lower
firmly in position. To the upper one he affixed a
long lever, by which it could be rotated back and
forth, and with this simple machinery he and his
neighbors were able to grind their corn finer and
more rapidly than with the discarded plumping-mill.

The doctor who attended the surveyors having re-
turned with them, there was no physician in all this
part of the Reserve. It fact it was twelve years
more before one located in Cuyahoga county. The
people had to do their own doctoring and provide
their own medicine. Instead of calomel they used an
infusion of butternut bark; instead of quinine, a de-
coction of dogwood and cherry. These were crude
remedies, yet, notwithstanding the extreme sickliness
of the locality, which is admitted by all the early set-
tlers, it does not appear that the mortality was much
larger than in sections where there was an ample sup-
ply of physicians. Doubtless, however, a good phy-
sician would have stopped the prevalent fevers more
quickly than they "wore themselves out," and would
thus have prevented much suffering.

The last three years of the eighteenth century were
remarkable in this locality for the early appearance of
warm weather. Pinks and other flowers bloomed in
February each year, and peach trees were in full
blossom in March.

All along during the early years of settlement the
Chippewas, Ottawas and other western Indians, to

the number of several hundred, were in the habit of
coming every autumn from their summer homes on
the Sandusky and Maumee, where they raised their
corn, and assembling at the mouth of the Cuyahoga.
There they piled their canoes, and then scattered out
into the interior to spend the winter in hunting and
trapping. Having acquired an ample supply of moat
for summer use, and a quantity of valuable furs, they
would return in the spring to the point where they
had left their canoes.

Here they would sell their furs, and before return-
ing home would indulge in a grand, annual drunk.
For this festive occasion they prepared, with praise-
worthy caution, by giving their tomahawks, knives,-
rifles and all other weapons to the squaws. These
articles the latter would hide in some secluded place,
carefully concealed from the warriors. Sometimes an
ample allowance of whisky would be purchased " in
bulk " of the nearest trader, with which the Indians
would retire to some forest nook and there celebrate
their frantic orgies. Sometimes they bought it by the
drink; increasing the amount and the frequency as
the hours progressed.

Whichever way was adopted a terrific scene was
the result. The warriors, as the whisky mounted to
their brains, tiirew off all the usual stolidity of their
demeanor; told with braggart shouts of the wars in
which they had been engaged and the number of
scalps they had taken; tore off even the scanty gar-
ment they generally wore; rent the air with blood-
curdling yells, and often fought among themselves
with nature's weapons or such clubs aiid stones as
they could pick up. At such times they frequently
sought zealously for the knives and rifles of which
they had previously dispossessed themselves, but the
squaws generally performed their duty as custodians
with great fidelity, and a severe pounding was the
most serious injury the irate warriors received at each
other's hands.

Nor were the squaws entirely deprived of their
share of amusement. After their lords had awakened
from the sleep which followed their debauch, and had
received back their weapons, the gentler sex were al-
lowed (provided there was any whisky left or any fur
to buy it with) to indulge in a lively drunk of their
own. Their demonstrations were almost as frantic,
but not usually as pugnacious, as those of the warriors.

After all had satiated themselves with pleasure —
according to their ideas — they launched their canoes,
loaded in their dried deer meat and bear meat, and
those skins which, being unsalable to the wlates, they
destined for the furnishing of their lodges, and
paddled swiftly away to their fertile cornfields at the
head of the lake.

In the spring of 1799, the Indians obtained the
whisky for their annual celebration from Mr. Car-
ter. After using up their first supply they sent him
furs and obtained more, and this was often repeated.
Doubtless thinking that the less liquor they drank
the better off they would be, the worthy trader, as

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the tradition goes, diluted the whisky with larger and
hirger ([iiantities of water, as his customers became
more and more intoxicated. The result was that
they became sober long before they expected, and
knew that a fraud had been perpetrated. Nine of
them came to Carter's cabin in a great rage; swearing
vengeance because tliey had been cheated out of a
part of their drunk. Luckily all their arms were still
in the possession of the sqnaws. They quickly burst
open the cabin door, but the burly trader, standing
behind it, knocked down three or four of them as they
entered, sprang over their prostrate forms, rushed
upon those outside, and drove them, unaccustomed
to fist-fights, in tumultuous disorder to their canoes.
Ere he returned to the cabin, his other foes gathered
themselves up and slipped quietly away.

For a while Carter was somewhat anxious lest they
should all return with their weapons, but instead of
that, after a considerable time had passed, a de])uta-
tiou of squaws appeared and professed themselves
desirous to make peace. The trader readily assented,
walked over alone to the camp of his enemies, and
easily succeeded in pacifying them. Whether he
was able to convince them that it was a highly moral
transaction to water an Indian's whisliy when he
was getting too drunk, and then knock him down
for resenting it, history saith not, but there is no
doubt that he exercised an immense influence over the
Indians, and could take liberties with them which no
one else could. His bold, rough-and-ready ways,
his great physical strength, and his expertness as a
marksman and hunter, far superior to their own
were all attributes which naturally gained the intense
admiration of the rude, untutored cliildren of the
forest. Some of tlicm declared lie was a magician, and
could kill an animal with his rifle without breakino-
its hide.

On their way to and from their summer residence,
the Indians usually stopped at Rocky river to fish, and
ihis was also a favorite resort of the whites. The
former generally fished at night in their canoes, with
torchlight and spears; the whites used these means
but also frequently resorted to the hook and line
and sometimes managed to construct a small seine.

In the spring, summer aud fall of 1799, "VV. W.
Williams and Major Wyatt built the first gristmill in
the present county of Cuyahoga. It was located at
the falls of Mill creek, in what was long known as
the village of Ncwburg, but is now a part of the city
of Cleveland. The Land Company gave the proprie-
tors a hundred acrts of land and all the irons for
their mill, in consideration of their putting it up.
The irons were the most important part of the struct-
ure, as it was absolutely necessary to bring them from
the East, while all the rest of the ai3pliances could be
procured in the vicinity.

The water was conveyed in a trough dug out of
logs to an undershot wheel, "twelve feet over"
which had but one set of arms, with brackets fifteen
inches long, running inside the trough. David and

Gilman Bryant, who were still engaged in their grind-
stone trade from Vermillion river, made the mill-
stones out of material obtained by the side of the
creek, half a mile below the mill.

By this time it had become evident that almost all
the surveyors had given up their idea of settling in
Euclid, and about all that remains in evidence of
their design is the name of the great mathematician,
applied by them to their favorite township. Other
settlers, however, came into that township and Cleve-
land, of whom more particular mention will be made
in the township histories.

The next year, 1800, Williams and Wyatt built a
sawmill, near their gristmill, on Mill creek; the
former, like the latter, being the fii'st institution of
its kind in the county. As in the case of the first
mill, too, the irons for the sawmill were presented by
the company.

This year was also distinguished by the establish-
ment of the first school in the county. It was kept
by Miss Sarah Doan in the Kingsbury neighborhood,
which, as before stated, was long a part of Newburo-
but has now been absorbed in the omnivorous city.

Some important movements were made regarding
the fee-si mi)le and the political Jurisdiction of the
Western Reserve. The United States at length for-
mally convoyed all its title to the soil of that terri-
tory to the State of Connecticut (by which State it
had been legally vested in the members of the Land
Company and in the "Fire Lands" proprietors), while
on the other hand the State formally released to ihe
United States all its claims to the political jurisdic-
tion of the territory in question.

On the 10th of July, 1800, the legislature of Ohio
formed a new county out of parts of Jefferson and
Wayne, comprising all of the Western Reserve, in-
cluding the "Fire Lands" and the neighboring is-
lands in the lake. To this county was o-iven the
name of "Trumbull," in honor of Jonathan Trum-
bull, then governor of the State of Connecticut, and
a son of the celebrated Revolutionary governor of the
same name, who was the original " Brother Jonathan."
The county-seat was located at Warren; the most of
the settlers, who were very few, being in the south-
eastern corner of the Reserve.

On the aand of September, 1800, Gov. St. Clair
issued his proclamation, directed to David Abbott,
who had been appointed sherifE of Trumbull county,
and who lived near the mouth of Chagrin river in
the present county of Lake, requiring him to hold an
election at Warren on the second Tuesday of October,
for the purpose of choosing a representative in the
Territorial legislature. The election was duly held
at the time and place specified, when only forty-two
votes were cast for the whole county of Trumbull;
that is to say in the whole Western Reserve. As it
was about sixty miles from the county-seat to Cleve-
land and the same distance to Conneaut, it is quite
probable that some of the voters stayed at home.
Edward Paine, whom we have mentioned as living

THE PERIOD PROM 1801 TO 1806.

with the Stiles fMinily during the llrst winter tliat
Cleveland was occupied by white people, received
thirty-eight of the forty-two votes, and was declared
duly elected. This was the first election in which the
settlers on the Reserve had taken part, and they were
highly pleased to find themselves once more perform-
ing the accustomed duties of citizens.

Meanwhile, however, the first court of quarter ses-
sions had been held at Warren, on the fourth Monday
of August, 1800, by the judge of probate and the
"justices of quorum" of the new county. The for-
mer was John Leavitt. The latter were John Young,
Turhand Kirtland, Camden Oleaveland, Bliphalet
Austin and James Kingsbury; the last named being
the only member from the present county of Cuya-
hoga. The first justice of the peace not "of quo-
rum," from this county, was Amos SpafEord. The
court appointed a commission consisting of Amos
Spafloi-d, David Hudson, Simeon Perkins, John Mi-
nor, A. Wheeler, Edward Paine and Benjamin David-
sou, to report a proper division of Trumbull county
into townships with convenient boundaries.

On their report the county was organized in eight
townships, of which Cleveland was the westernmost.
It comprised all of Cuyahoga county, together with
the townships of Chester, Russell and Bainbridge in
Geauga county. It also embraced the whole Indian
country to the western boundary of the Reserve, (in-
eluding the Fire Lands,) which was also the western
boundary of the county. Its jurisdiction over the
tract west of the Cuyahoga was, however, merely
nominal; as there were no white men there to govern,
and no one in those days thought of subjecting the
Indians on their own ground to civil law. Thus the
township of Cleveland had an area of about two thou-
sand three hundred and forty square miles; of which,
however, only about two hundred and sixty square
miles were open to occupation by the whites. The
next township east of Cleveland was Painesville.

The distinction between survey townships and civil
townships should always be borne in mind by those
studying the early history of this section. Thus,
while the civil township of Cleveland embraced the
immense territory above described, the survey town-
ship of the same name comprised only a small district
about five miles by eight, out of which were after-
wards formed the civil townships of Cleveland and
Newburg.

After the county had been thus divided into town-
ships, the court appointed constables for them; those
for Cleveland being Stephen Gilbert and Lorenzo
Carter.

In this year Turhand Kirtland, writing to General
Cleaveland from the town which bore the name of
the latter, declared that the prices of land were too
high; objecting especially to the demand of twenty-
five dollars per acre for city lots. He stated that
the crops were extremely good, the settlers healthy
and in good spirits, and their numbers increasing as
rapidly as could be expected. There was a universal

scarcity of cash, however, which of course made pay-
ments difficult. The settlers were anxious that the
company should build a store, and take grain and
other produce in payment for their land. This, how-
ever, was not done.

CHAPTER IX.

THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806.

Samuel Huntington— No Laws— Irand Fourth of July Celebration—
Gilman Bryant and his Lady— The Ball— A Traveling Minister— First
Town Meeting— First Township Officers- Mr. Huntington made Jus-
tice of the Quorum— His Politics— Attempt to sell Six Townships-
Failure, and the Cause— The Townships divided— Huntington a Judge
of the Supreme Court— First Indiotment^The First Murder— "Me no
'f raid "—A Treacherous Blow— Thro its of Eevenge— A Compromise-
Two Gallons of Consolation— Organization of Militia— Carter elected
Captain— A Useless Protest— The Captain promoted to Major— The
Sloop Cuyahoga Packet-Purchase of the Ijand West of the Cuyahoga
—Proposed Council at Cleveland— Indians stay Away— Council at San-
dusky—Terms of the Treaty— Silver in Payment— First Post-Offlce—
Collection-District ut Erie— Settlement of Mayfleld— Another Mliitia
Election— List of Voters— Formation of Geauga County— Survey of
West-Side Lands— The Perils of the Lake— A Terrible Scene— Rescue
of "Ben" — Loss of the Schooner " W^ashington."

Early in the spring of 1801, Samuel Huntington,
of Connecticut (a nephew of the governor of that State
of the same name), who had been examining the
lands on the Reserve during the previous summer,
and had at the same time obtained admission to the
bar of the State, came to Clevelaud and selected thac
point as his future home. He immediately employed
workmen to build him a large, hewed-log house,
which, notwithstanding its humble materials, ap-
peared quite aristocratic in comparison with the
cabins of the other settlers. He also employed Mr.
Samuel Dodge to build him a framed barn; tiiis being
the first framed edifice in the county. The boards
were of course obtained from Williams and Wyatt's
mill at Newburg.

Mr. Huntington was the first lawyer in the county.
He did not, however, obtain any considerable prac-
tice; for the immigrants from the land of steady
habits were not litigious, and were too few in number
to make much business for an attorney. Huntington
was evidently ahead of his time, as were many others,
in expecting that Cleveland would soon be a large
town. In fact no one could have appeared more in-
congruous among the rude settlers, the red Indians,
the log cabins and the frowning forests of this ex-
treme frontier than tiie slight, dapper counselor,
thirty-five years old, about five feet eight inches tall,
highly educated, and having acquired in European
travel not only a knowledge of the French language
but a demonstrative affability of manner, described by
Americans by the general title of "Prenchy." Yet
so impartially were his bows and smiles distributed
to all around, and so shrewd was his political man-
agement, that important public trusts were soon con-
fided to him, and he rose in no long time to the
highest honors of the State. His first advancement
was an appointment as lieutenant-colonel of the
Trumbull-county militia regiment.

GENERAL HtSTORY OE CUYAHoaA COUNTY.

Down to tliis time there had been no laws of any kind
in the vicinity. There were no officials to enforce them,
and in fact it had previously been some what doubt-
ful whether the laws of the Noithwestern Territory
applied to the Connecticut Reserve. For a wonder,
there had been no cases of lynch-law, and there
had been but a single instance of what might be
called club-law — the row between Carter and the
Indians.

It might appear that there was now a prospect of
more lively times, for in this year the first distillery
in the present county was erected at Cleveland by
David Bryant. This, however, was entirely a matter-
of-conrse proceeding; a distillery being invariably one
of the first institutions of a new settlement, and
being generally erected by one of the most respecta-
ble and responsible men in it.

All the old chronicles speak enthusiastically of the
grand celebration and ball in honor of the Fourth of
July, in 1801. The writer was at first in doubt
whether this should be iuchided in the general history
of the county or be relegated to the more restricted
details of Cleveland local annals. But after duly
considering that it was the first Fourth-of-July cele-
bration in tlie eonnty, (at least the first that has found
its way into history,) and was likewise the first ball in
the county, and was probably attended by almost all
the citizens of the county, he has concluded to assign
it a place among the county annals.

Of the patriotic observances during the day no ac-
count has been preserved, but the grand ball has been
described in glowing terms. Gilman Bryant, one of
the p:irticipants, has narrated, in a letter published by
Colonel Wliittlesey, the appearance and mode of travel
of himself and bis lady, in terms doubtless applicable
with some modifications to many others of the guests.
The youthful knight, only seventeen years old, waited
on " Miss Doan, who had just arrived at Doan's Cor-
ners four miles east of Cleaveland," and who was
probably the daughter of Timothy Doan, who came
thither tliat year but afterwards removed to Euclid.
The lady was but fourteen years old.

The cavaher attired himself gorgeously, in what he
assures us was the prevailing mode; wearing a suit of
gingham, a good, wool hat and a pair of substantial,
brogan shoes. His long hair was bound behind in a
queue about as long and as thick as an ordinary corn-
cob, tied round with a yard and a half of black ribbon,
below which the hair extended in a small tuft. Those
were the days of powdered wigs among the gentry,
and the youth came as near the genteel standard as
be could by annointing his hair with tallow, and then
sifting on it as much flour as he could make stick.
Thus arrayed, he mounted a horse and rode out to his
lady's mansion of logs. She climbed upon a stump,
and be i-ode up beside it; she kirtled her calico dress
about her waist to keep it clean, spread her under-
petticoat on the horse's back, mounted, and clasped
her cavalier about the waist to steady herself, and
away they went in splendid style to the double log-

house of Mr. Carter, on the brow of the hill at the
west end of Superior street.

Thither, too, came the whole elite of the Cuyahoga
county which was to be. Wagons rolled in from the
lake-washed shores of Euclid ; horsemen with dames
behind them rode down from the mills of Mill creek,
and young farmei-s came in high glee with their girls
from the Kingsbury ridge, which had attracted so
many settlers on account of its healthy location. No
less than twenty gentlemen and fifteen ladies graced
the festive occasion. John Wood, Benjamin Wood
and R. H. Rlinn were the managers; Samuel Jones,
afterwards quite noted as Major Jones, was the chief
violinist and floor-manager. His ringing tones called
off the figures in "Fisher's Hornpipe," "Hi, Betty
Martin " and the '■' Virginia Reel," and cavaliers and
dames, old and young, married and single, responded
with a vigor which marked the rude floor with the
dent of many a heavy brogan, while the rough ceiling
was almost reached by the heads of some of the taller
dancers. If their spirits flagged they were speedily
renovated with a beverage concocted of whisky, water
and maple sugar, and the 5th of July was well under
way eie the jovial- revelers returned to their homes
by means of the same primitive conveyances which
had borne them to the scene of festivity.

The first minister in the county, of whom there is
any record, (aside from Seth Hart, whose business as
superintendent of the Land Company was of a secular
nature,) was the Reverend Joseph Badger, a mission-
iiry from Connecticut, who came along the lake shore
about the middle of August, 1801. After lodging at
Carter's he and a companion crossed the Cuyahoga in
a canoe, (leading their horses which swam the stream,)
and then pursued the Indian path to Rocky river.
There, while cutting brush, they were, as he says,
saluted with a "sing," which on investigation proved
to be that of a "large, yellow rattlesnake," which
they immediately dispatched.

In 1803, at the February term of the court of quar-
ter-sessions for Trumbull county, it was ordered that
the first town meeting of the township of Cleveland
should be held at the house of James Kingsbury. It
was accordingly so held, Rudolphus Edwards serving
as chairman, and the following Officers were elected:
town clerk, Nathaniel Doan ; trustees, Amos Spaf-
ford, Timothy Doan and W. W. Williams ; apprais-
ers of houses, Samuel Hamilton and Elijah Gun ;
lister, Ebenezer Ayer : supervisors of highways, Sam-
uel Huntington, Nathaniel Doan and Samuel Hamil-
ton ; overseers of the poor, W. W. Williams and
Samuel Huntington ; fence-viewers, Lorenzo Carter
and Nathan Chapman ; constables, Ezekiel Hawley
and Richard Craw.

While Mr. Huntington's neighbors were thus elect-
ing him to the honorable, but not very important,
offices of supervisor of highways and overseer of the
poor, Gov. St. Clair had in January appointed him
one of the justices "of the quorum" for Trumbull
county, and when the court of quarter sessions met,

THE PEmoB PROM 1801 TO 1806.

although he was the jimior member, his attainments
were such that all his colleagues gladly consented
that he should act as chairman.

This year an act was passed by Congress, providing
for a convention to form a State constitution for Ohio.
In November an election was held for members of
the convention, and Mr. Huntington was chosen a
delegate for Trumbull county. In the division of
parties Mr. Huntington ranked himself among the
Republicans, or followers of Jefferson, in opposition
to the Federalists, who believed in the principles of
Washington and Hamilton. The former party ere
long took the name of " Democrat," which it has re-
tained to the present time, while its own old name
of "Republican" was adopted some twenty-five
years ago by the new party formed to resist the ag-
gressions of slavery. Mr. Huntington, however, was
a moderate member of the Republican party, and the
old Federalists, finding they had no chance of party
success in Ohio, willingly contributed to the advance-
ment of the ambitious Cleveiander, who thus mounted
rapidly to high honors.

In July, 1802, Mr. Badger again visited this part
of the Reserve. In his account of his former journey
he makes no mention of preaching within the limits
of Cuyahoga county, but this year heprcached to the
five families whom he found at Newburg, which name
had already been given to the settlement around the
mills on Mill creek. Even there, the reverend
gentleman could find no apparent piety. In Cleve-
land he states there were but two families, though
we cannot make out less than three. In Euclid, al-
together, there were four or five families.

About this period the six townships, reserved as
before stated for the general benefit of the Laud Com-
pany, were put upon the market. The company was
grievously disappointed at the results, for only very
little land was sold and very low prices were obtained.
"City lots" also fell from fifty dollars each in cash to
twenty-five dollars on credit. Emigration, at least
into this part of the Reserve, was very slow — slower
than into almost any other newly opened portion of
the United States since the Revolution.

The reason is evident. Wlien the Connecticut
L;ind Company made its great purchase, it was ex-
pected that large numbers of emigrants would go to
New Connecticut by way of Lake Erie. But ere long
the great tract of several millions of acres in western
New York, known as the Holland Purchase, was
bought from the Indians and opened to settlement at
low lates. Consequently no one would go through
that tract and two hundred miles beyond, unless he
could obtain land at i-uinously low prices. Add to
that that in the early days this section had a pecu-
liarly unfortunate reputation regarding feverand ague,
and it is easy to see why settlement was extremely slow.

Many of the Land Company were heavy losers by
the speculation, and even the most fortunate gained
but little immediate benefit. Those, however, who were
able to make their payments to the State of Connecti-

cut, and their numerous assessments to the company
for necessary improvements, and to keep their prop-
erty twenty or thirty years, either secured good in-
vestments for their old age or left handsome estates
to their children. In December, 1802, it being found
impracticable to sell the six townships, they were
divided by draft among the shareholders; thus dis-
posing of all the Company's lands east of the Cuya-
hoga, except a few city lots.

After the adoption of the State constitution for
Ohio, and the admission of the new State into the
Union, Mr. Huntington, in the forepart of 1803, was
elected a State senator for the county of Trumbull,
and on the meeting of the first legislature he was
made president of the senate. Even this rapid ad-
vancement was not all; on the second day of April,
1803, he was appointed a judge of the supreme court.
His commission was the first one emanating from the
governor of the State of Ohio.

Civilization steadily progressed; about this same
time the first indictment against any one in the pre-
sent Cuyahoga county was found by the grand jury
of Trumbull county against our active friend, the
landlord, constable and Indian-trader, Lorenzo Carter,
for assault and battery on James Hamilton, of New-
burg.

The same year the legislature divided the State into
four military districts; Trumbull county falling into
the fourth district, (under Major-General Elijah
Wadsworth, of Canfield,) which also embraced Col-
umbiana aud Jefferson counties and included all that
part of the State north of the south line of the latter
county.

It was also in this year, as near as can be ascer-
tained, (some say 1802,) that the first murder of which
there is any record took place in the county; though,
as both the parties were Indians, it is not improbable
that some similar transaction occurred here long be-
fore any wliite man took the trouble to write about it.
The crime sprang partly from superstition and partly
from alcohol; the latter cause could not operate be-
fore the advent of the whites, but the former had
an open field before as well as after that epoch.

Although, as before stated, there were but two or
three families at Cleveland, yet there were several
persons, without families, in active business there.
David Bryant was running his distillery, Elisha Nor-
ton aud David Clark were trading with the Indians,
and a Scotchman named Alexander Campbell also
built a small trading-house for the same purpose.
This little cluster of cabins around the distillery,
under tlie hill, formed a constant attraction for both
Indians and squaws, especially at the time of their
annual return from their hunting expeditions up the
river. The squaws bought the gaudiest calicos they
could find and scarfs of the brightest hues, and were
not averse while trading to exchanging amorous
glances with the traders, who were great men because
they had so much calico. The warriors, more simple
in their desires, bought whisky.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Among the Indians who frequented the little gronp
of cabins was a Seneca, called by the whites "Big
Son," a brother of a chief named Stigwanish; the
latter being a person of considerable influence, to
whom was given the distinctive appellation of Seneca —
he being considered the especial representative of that
powerful Iroquois tribe, of whom only a few were
settled in this section. Big Son's wife fell sick, and
he employed as her physician a "medicine-man " be-
longing to the Oliippewa tribe, whose name was
Menompsy — generally abbreviated by the whites to
" Nobsy." The sqnaw died and the disconsolate hus-
band attributed her death to the medicine-man. Big
Son made some threats, but he was generally consid-
ered a coward, even by his brother, Stigwanish, who
had treated him with great coldness in consequence,
and it was not supposed there would be any serious
results.

Late one afternoon Menompsy was in Carter's tav-
ern, when the subject of Big Son's threats was intro-
duced. " Me no fraid," said the medicine man; "me
charmed — no ball, no knife can kill me. See!" he
exclaimed, throwing open his blanket and displaying
several ugly scars on various parts of his body, " see
where Indian cut me; another Indian shoot me, and
me no dead man yet — me no dead man yet.*

Shortly afterwards he went down to one of the
trading-houses at the foot of the hill. There he met
Big Son, whose grief for his defunct spouse had been
greatly stimulated by deep potations of Bryant's fiery
whisky. A fierce altercation ensued, in wliich the
Seneca renewed his threat and Menompsy again re-
peated: "Me no 'fraid — me no 'fraid."

They Avent out of the store together, and ascended
the path which wound up the bluff, where Union
lane had been laid out and now runs. It was then
becoming quite dark. When partly up the hill Big
Son held out his hand, as if to shake hands in token
of reconciliation. The same instant he drew his knife
and plunged it into the side of the unguarded medi-
cine-man. The latter fell to the ground, while the
'Seneca speedily made his way to the encampment of
his brethren, below Carter's.

An outcry was raised, and several white men came
running to the scene — among them Mr. Cartel-. The
wounded man looked up in his face, saying: "Me
dead man now — yes, Nobsy broke now," and soon
afterwards expired.

In a short time some Cldppeiuas took up the body
and carried it across the river. There a grand pow-
wow was held over it, and yells of revenge resounded
through the forest hour after hour. The whites on
the east side were in extreme fear lest the savage
Chifpewas should attempt revenge on the small num-
ber of Senecas, in which case the settlers were liable
to be assailed m the drunken rage of the two parties.
The next morning the Chijuoewa warriors were seen

♦This part of the account is derived from Mrs. Miles, before men-
tioned, who heard it from her uncle, Major Carter, immediately after
the murder.

with their faces painted black in token of war, while
it was not doubted that the Ottavms would stand by
their friends against the arrogant Iroquois.

Messrs. Carter and SpafEord interposed, and after
some negotiations the wrathful Chippewas were in-
duced to forego their vengeance on very reasonable
terms; to wit, in consideration of a gallon of whisky,
which Bryant was to make for them that day. It
was agreed, however, that the Indians should remove
their fallen brother to Rocky river before going
through with the funeral ceremonies; as it was rightly
supposed that an Indian "wake " at Cleveland, under
the existing circumstances, might be even more dan-
gerous than a declaration of war.

For awhile the warriors waited patiently for the
expected whisky. But Mr. Bryant, who happened to
be busy at something else, with singular recklessness
neglected to manufacture the promised peace-offering,
and toward night the savages became more wrathy
than before. They departed for their camp across
the river, muttering threats of vengeance, which this
time distinctly included the faithless whites. They
were again followed by the principal men of the
settlement, who solemnly promised that in view of
their disappointment the amount of the peace-offering
should be doubled, and they should certainly receive
two gallons of whisky the next day. This time Bryant
did not fail to perform, and the Chippeivas obtained
their consolation in time to remove the body to Rocky
river the second day after the murder, accompanied
by their friends, the Ottawas. When the mournful
but fantastic procession passed out of sight into the
western woods, the whites breathed much more freely
than they had during the previous forty-eight hours.

Meanwhile the murderer and his brother Senecas
do not appear to have troubled themselves much about
the threats of the western Indians; apparently relying
on the valor and warlike skill which pertained to them
as a fraction of the all-conquering Iroquois. No one
seems to have doubted that they would have defended
Big Son against any attempt at vengeance on the
part of the Gliippewas. So far from being detested
as a murderer by his countrymen, the lately despised
coward had suddenly become a hero in their eyes.
The treacherous method in which vengeance was taken
did not affect the glory of the deed, and Stigwanish
promptly received his brother into high consideration.

Early in 1804 we find the first movement made to
organize the militia of this section; an event at that
time of considerable importance. The "trainings"
were holidays attended by the whole population, and
to be a captain or major of militia added in no slight
degree to the consequence of the fortunate official.
On the sixth of April Major-General Wadsworth issued
an order dividing his district into two brigade-dis-
tricts, the second of which consisted of Trumbull
county. This again was subdivided into two regi-
mental districts, the first of which embiaced all that
part of the county north of the north line of town-
ship five in the several ranges; that is, north of North-

THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806.

field, Twinsburg, etc., and including all of the present
Cuyahoga county east of the river, together witli
Lake, Ashtabula, Geauga and part of Trumbull coun-
ties. It contained eight company districts, the
fourth of which comprised the civil township of
Cleveland; the boundaries whereof at that time have
already been described. By the same order the com-
panies were directed to hold elections on the second
of May following, at which the members of each were
to choose their own company officers.

Accordingly, on the appointed day the members
of the fourth company, first regiment, second brig-
ade, fourth division, Ohio State militia, assembled
at the house of James Kingsbury for the purpose
Just mentioned. James Kingsbury, Nathaniel Doan
and Benjamin Gold were elected judges. There
was a hot contest for the honors of the day,
but the judges decided and certified that Lorenzo
Carter was duly elected captain, Natlianiel Doan
lieutenant, and Samuel Jones "ensign;" the latter
officer corresponding to a second lieutenant at the
present time.

A protest was, however, put on record by eight
voters, including several leading citizens, requesting
the major-general to set aside the election. They
alleged that persons under eighteen, and others not
liable to military duty, had voted for the successful
men, as well as some who did not reside in the town-
ship. They also declared Carter ineligible, firstly
because he had given spirituous liquors to the voters,
and secondly because he had frequently threatened to
set the savages on the inhabitants. The first charge,
considering the customs of the period, may be taken
for granted without any evidence, but the latter is so
preposterous, in i-egard to a man as popular as Carter
evidently was, that it may safely be peremptorily
rejected. Very likely, however, the loud-voiced cap-
tain, who, in modern phrase, " talked a good deal
with his mouth," may have used some jesting ex-
pression in his convivial moments, which could be
distorted into such a threat. The prayer of the pro-
test was not granted by tlie major-general, and in the
following August Captain Carter was elected major of
the regiment; thus receiving the title by which he was
known the remainder of his life.

In this year the sloop "Cuyahoga Packet," of twenty
tons, was built at the mouth of Chagrin river; being
the first sail vessel erected in this part of the country,
though built just outside the present limits of the
county. The other vessels of American build at this
time running on the lake were the " Washington," of
sixty tons, the "Harlequin," the "Good Intent,"
the "Adams," the "Tracy," the " Wilkinson " and
the "Contractor." There were also some vessels of
Canadian build.

The most imi)ortant event of the year 1805 was the
making of a treaty, extinguishing the Indian right of
occupancy to that part of the Reserve west of the
Cuyahoga river. The first council was agreed to be
held at Cleveland, and was to be attended not only by

the western Indians but by a deputation from the
Six Nations, who still kept up a kind of shadowy
claim to the lands, even west of the Cuyahoga, over
which they had once marched as conquerors.

Accordingly in June thirty Iroquois chiefs, accom-
panied by their interpreter, Jasper Parrish, came to
Cleveland to attend the council. The commissioner
for the United States, under whose auspices the
whole business was conducted, was Colonel Charles
Jewctt, k large, powerful man, to whom the Indians
looked up with the respect they seldom refuse to
gi'eat physical strength. The representatives of the
Connecticut Land Company were General Henry
Champion, the first president of the company, Oliver
Phelps, and Gideon Granger, postmaster-general;
while the proprietors of the Fire Lands were repren-
sented by Roger A. Sherman, a distinguished Connec-
ticut lawyer, J. Mills and William Dean.

For some unknown reason, but probably to enhance
the price of their lands by appearing to hold back,
the western Indians neglected to come to Cleveland
according to their previous agreement. After wait-
ing a few days, the commissioners sought out the
chiefs of the Chippetvas and Ottawas, who, with a
show of reluctance, finally agreed to meet in council
with the whites, at what was called Ogontz' Place,
now Sandusky City. The usual ceremonies and
speech-making were there gone through with, result-
ing at length, on the 4th of July, 1805, in the cession
by all the Indians of their right to that part of the
Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, including the Fire
Lands. It was said, at the time, that after the signing
of the treaty many of the warriors wept at the
thought that they must now yield up their ancient
hunting-grounds. A barrel of whisky was however
dealt out to them, which doubtless soon caused their
tears to disappear.

By the treaty, the proprietors of the Fire Lands
and the Connecticut Land Company jointly agreed
to pay the Indians seven thousand dollars in cash,
and twelve thousand dollars more in six equal annual
payments. The United States government also agreed
to pay the interest on thirteen thousand seven hund-
red dollars forever, to the Wyandots, the Mimsees,
and to those ISenecas actually occupying the land.
The Cliipimiuas and Ottawas appear to have had no
share in the latter payment.

William Dean, one of the commissioners, reported
the expense of the treaty, aside from the payments, to
be about five thousand dollars. This included rum,
tobacco, bread, meat, presents, " expenses of se-
raylio," and commissions of agents and contractors.
Meanwhile the seven thousand dollars in. silver, pro-
vided by the proprietors to make the first payment on
the land, came through from Pittsburg in a wagon,
by way of Warren to Cleveland, under the escort of
seven resolute men, among whom was Major Carter.
At Cleveland it was shipped on boats, and taken to
Sandusky. It arrived there the day the treaty
was signed, and the next day, together with an ample

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

supply of inferior presents, was distributed among
the Indians.

During- tliis year tlie first ])ust-ofRce in the county
was established at Cleveland, and on the 3;Jnd of
October Elisha Norton was appointed postmaster.

The same year the collection-district of Erie was
established; eral)racing the whole southern shore of
Lake Brie, with hoadiiuarters at Erie, Pennsylvania.
Previous to this time there has been no collection of
revenues along the lake; the amount of trade being
too small to justify the expense. The mouth of the
Cuyahoga, was made a port of entry at the same time,
to be under the charge of an assistant collector.
John Walworth, of Painesville, was appointed to that
office, and soon after removed to Cleveland.

Another event of the year, showing the gradual
spread of the population into the wilderness, was the
first settlement in survey township number eight, in
range ten, now the civil township of Mayfleld.

On the2i)th of May, 1805, another military election
was held for the same company before mentioned,
which, however, was now designated as -the seventh
company of the second battalion; the regiment, brig-
ade and division remaining as before. Nathaniel
Doan was elected captain in place of Carter, promoted
to major of the battallion. Samuel Jones was chosen
"leuftenant" (as the record says) and Sylvanus Bark
(of Euclid) ensign. The judges were Major Carter,
W. W. Williams and William Erwhi. The whole
number of votes present was thirty, twenty-nine of
whom voted for Doan and Jones; each of the worthy
candidates declining to vote for himself. Sylvanus
Burk, however, received but twenty-four votes; the
other six- soing to Bzekiel Hawley, or Holley, as the
name was sometimes spelled.

As the list of voters at this election comprised
nearly all the males between eigiiteen and forty-five
then in the county, we transcribe it from Col. Whit-
tlesey's work, although the orthography of some of
the names is a little doubtful. It is as follows: Jack
P. Mason, David Kellogg, Ebenezer Charter, Jacob
Coleman, Benjamin Warder, Daniel Parkei', Cliristo-
fer Gun, William Coleman, John Doan, Thomas
Thomas, Henry Norton, Harry Gun, Jonathan Hub-
bard, iSIasou Clerk, Nathan Chapman, Neheniiah
Dille Timothy Doan, Seth Doan, Steven Gilbert,
Samuel Hurst, Richard Blin, Bpetary Rogers, Samuel
Jones, Nathaniel Doan, William Erwin, Benjamin
Wood, Sylvanus Burk, Samuel Dille, Meage Deta,
Charles Prard.

On the -^st of December, of this year, the county of
Geauga was formed from Trumbull by act of the leg-
islature. It embraced all that part of the present
Cuvahoga county east of the river, and all west as far
as the west line of range fourteen; that is, the west
line of Rockport, Middleburg and Strongsville. The
present townships of Dover and Olmstead still re-
mained nominally attached to Trumbull county. The
act did not go into operation until March, 1806.

The seat of justice of the new county was fixed at

Ohardon, where it is still located. This was more
convenient than Warren, but was still very unsatisfac-
tory to the people near the mouth of the Cuyahoga,
who were patiently expecting a great city to grow up
at that point, and thouglit it inconsistent with the
general fitness of things that they should journey
nearly thirty miles, to an interior village, to settle their
quarrels or record their deeds. So they made strenu-
ous efforts to promote the organization of a county
extending on both sides of the Cuyahoga, the natural
focus of which should be near the mouth of that
stream.

Soon after the cession by the Indians of that part
of the Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, Messrs. Abram
Tappen and Aaron Sessions obtained a contract for
surveying it into townships. They and their twelve
employees met at Cleveland on the 15th day of May,
1806, to commence their work. The United States
government had directed Seth Pease, then assistant
postmaster-general, to survey the south line of the
Reserve. Tappen and Sessions waited several days
for him to come to Cleveland, but as he did not do so
they proceeded without him; running their meridians
so far south, that Pease's line would be sure to cross
them. Pease did not begin his work until the 24th
of June, when the meridians were nearly finished.

The same system was pursued on the west side as
on the east; the townships being laid off five miles
square, the best being taken as a standard, and some
of the others l)eing divided and added to the remaiu-
der to bring them up to that standard. An equalizing
committee, on behalf of the proprietors, went with
the surveyors.

It was while this survey was going on that the cele-
brated total eclipse of June 16, 1806, occurred; the
day becoming in the forest as dark as night itself, and
giving the Indians cause to think they had offended
the Great Spirit by selling the homes of their fathers
to the intruding white men.

Amos Spallord, of Cleveland, and Almon Rnggles,
of Huron, were authorized by the Connecticut Land
Company and the proprietors of the Fire Lands to
run the line between their respective tracts. This
being done, there remained, as near as could be
ascertained, eight hundred and twenty-nine thousand
acres west of the Cuyahoga for the Connecticut Land
Company.

Early in the spring of this year, 1806, an event
occurred which, though affecting but a few persons,
is so typical of the hardships of the pioneer days,
when those who met with misfortune often failed of
rescue on account of the sparseness of the population,
that we have thought best to repeat it in the general
history of the county. A man named Hunter, his
wife and child, a colored man named Ben, and a
small colored boy, who were moving to Cleveland
from the settlements in Michigan in a small boat,
were surprised on the lake by a heavy gale. They
were driven ashore a short distance east of Rocky
river. Unable to ascend the high, perpendicular

ir(^f^^ (T^

THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1813.

bluff, they all climbed up the rocks as far as they
conld, and there they waited with the cold waters of
the lake beating continuously over them, hoping and
praying that some chance traveler on the blufl above
them might hear their cries, or some passing vessel
might afford them relief. But no traveler came
through the darksome forest, and, as the storm
increased, all vessels remained within the protection
of the harbors.

They wore wrecked on Friday. On Saturday the
storm grew more violent, and the two children per-
ished from the chilling effect of the waters which
washed over them. On Sunday Mrs. Hunter suc-
cumbed to the same augry element and expired. On
Monday her husband, exhausted by cold and hunger,
also died, leaving the colored man, Ben, clinging
alone to the wreck and breasting the storm, which,
however, was now abating. Still another night he
remained in his terrible position. On Tuesday some-
French traders, who had started in a boat from Cleve-
land for Detroit, saw poor Ben on his dismal perch,
took him on board, turned about and carried him
back to Cleveland. They left him at the tavern of
Major Carter, who treated him with the generosity he
usually bestowed on outcasts of every description.
Ben's toes were frozen so that they came off, and the
terrible sufferings he had undergone brought on the
rheumatism, which twisted his limbs out of shajje, so
that he was hardly able to crawl around throughout
the whole of the succeeding season. In the special
history of Cleveland will be found an account of the
after adventures of Major Carter, poor Ben and his
Kentucky master.

Another sad adventure of the year 1806 was the loss
of the schooner "Washington," though only slight-
ly connected with this county. It received one of the
first clearances from the new port at the mouth of
the Cuyahoga, sailed out upon the lake and was
never heard of more.

CHAPTER X.

THE PERIOD FKOM 1807 TO 1812.

Formation of Cuyahoga County — Its Boundaries— Still attached to
Geauga— Murder of Mohawk and Nicksaw— Excitement in this Coun-
ty—Demand of Stigwanish for Justice— "Snow cannot lie"— De-
scripiion of Stigwanish— Scheme to open Rivers and make Portage
Road- A Lottery authorized for that Purpose— Fine Promises— No
Performance— Draft of Land west of Cuyahoga -Judge Huntington
elected Governor— Another Disaster— Wrecked under a Bluff- A Son's
Bravery— A Difficult Rescue- Numerous Deaths by Drowning— Cleve-
land made the Seat of Justice of Cuyahoga— A Primitive Bill for Serv-
ices—A United States Senator from Cuyahoga County— An Early Mail
Route —Carrying the Mail under Difficulties- Organization of the Coun-
ty—First Officers— Huron County attached to Cuyahoga— The First
Court-Census of 1810— First Physician— First Practicing Attorney-
Fears of Indian Hostilities— Extension of the Western Bounds of
Cuyahoga— Increased Excitement regarding War— A Murder by In-
dians-Trial of Omic— His Bravado after Conviction— Mrs. Long's
Fright -The Execution— Major Jones's Perplexity— Omic's Terror— A
Bargain to be hung for Whisky -More Trouble— More Whisky— Hung
at last— Removal of the Body— Declaration of War.

Wb begin this chapter with an actual Cuyahoga
county, ia place of " the territory of Cuyahoga coun-

ty," which has hitherto been the scene of our story.
On the 10th day of February, 1807, the legislature
passed an act creating three new counties — Ashtabula,
Portage and Cuyahoga. The latter included all that
part of Geauga county west of the east line of range
ten — that is, the east line of Solon, Orange, May field
and Willoughby, then called Chagrin. Both east and
west of the river the southern boundary of the counly
was the same as now, but the western boundary ran
along the westei'ii side of range fourteen (Strongsvilie,
Middlcburg and Rockpoi't). In short the boundaries
of the county were the same on its first formation as
now, except that it included Willoughby, now in Lake
county, and excluded Dover and Olmstead. It was
left attached to (leauga county for judicial purposes
until it should be organized by the due appointment
of othcers, which was not until three years later.

About the time of the formation of the county the
people became greatly excited over events which al-
most portended an Indian war. In the latter part of
January an Indian called John Mohawk killed a white
man named Daniel Diver near Hudson — now Summit
county. Two of Diver's friends named Darrovv and
Williams determined to avenge the murder. Finding
a Seneca Indian named Nicksaw in the woods, and
either believing him to be the murderer, or not caring
whether he was or not, they came upon him without
a word of warning and shot him dead in his tracks.
Major Carter and Mr. Campbell, the trader, went with
the chief Stigwanish and buried the slain Indian;
all agreeing that the snow showed no ajipearance of
combat or resistance.

It was soon ascertained beyond doubt that it was
not Nicksaw but John Mohawk who had killed Diver.
Then the whites were anxious that Mohawk should
be demanded from the Indians and punished for his
crime. At the same time it was suggested by some
of the leading men that Darrow and Williams should
be arrested and punished for their crime. But their
neighbors bitterly opposed this, and threatened death
to any officer who should attempt to arrest them.
The excitement spread ii;to this county, where some
of the whites were opposed to the arrest of Darrow
and Williams, while others looked askance at the In-
dians still encamped across the river from Clevehind,
and were anxious above all else for a course which
would keep the peace with those few but dangerous
enemies.

On the tenth of February Judge Huntington Avroto
to General Wadsworth that he had seen Stigwanish,
(or Seneca as he was commonly called) the same chief
befoi-e mentioned as the brother of " Big Son," and
who was usually regarded as the head of all the Sene-
cas in this section. Seneca said he wanted justice for
both sides. He was not content to see all the power
of the whites used to inflict punishment of John Mo-
hawk, while they were asfoejj regarding the murder of
an innocent Indian. He offered to deliver up Mohawk
when the slayers of Nicksaw were secured. Referring
to the fact, to which Carter and Campbell certified,

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

that there was no evidence of resistance on the part of
Nicksaw, Seneca said:

"White man may lie — Indian may lie — snow can-
not lie."

He declared he did not want war, but did want jus-
tice. The result of the whole excitement was that
neither party obtained justice; Mohawk was not given
up by the Indians and the murderers of Nicksaw were
not punisiied by the whites.

The chief Stigwanish, or Seneca, was much re-
spected by the whites. General Paine lauded him in
extravagant terms as having the honesty of Aristides,
the dignity of a Roman senator and the benevolence
of William Penn. Unlike the average " noble red
man," he never asked for a gift, and when one was
voluntarily made to him he would always return it by
another of equal value. The general also stated that
he abjured all spirituous liquors, but was obliged to
add that this abstinence was caused by his having, in a
drunken fury, split open the head of his infant child
with a tomahawk, while aiming a deadly blow at his
squaw, on whose back the child was strapped. It is
difficult, after learning this, to look with very intense
admiration upon the general's hero. Stigwanish was
killed in Holmes county in 1816, by a white man who
said that the chief had fired upon him; so we are left
in doubt whether the benevolent and senatorial Seneca
had not relapsed into his former habits.

About this time a scheme was set on foot to clear
the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers of logs and other
obstructions, so as to make them passable for large
boats, and at tlie same time to construct a good wagon
road over the portage between the two streams ; thus
forminga continuous communication for heavy freight
between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. As was cus-
tomary in those days, the legislature was called on to
authorize a lottery in order to raise the needed cash.
It was rare indeed that any important public work
was attempted in the forepart of the [iresent century
without a lottery being organized to provide the whole
or a part of the funds. '

In this case the managers were authorized to issue
twelve thousand tickets, at five dollars each; making a
total of sixty-four thousand dollars. This was done,
and in return they offered one jirize of five thousand
dollars; two of two thousand five hundred each; five
of one thousand each; ten of five hundred each; fifty
of a hundred each; a hundred of fifty each, and three
thousand four hundred of ten dollars each. This
made the total amount of the prize? sixty-four thou-
sand dollars; just the value of all the tickets. A
deduction of twelve and a half per cent., however, was
to be made from the various prizes, which, supiDosing
that all the tickets were sold, would furnish eight
thousand dollars with which to pay the expenses of
the lottery, clear out the rivers and build the portage
road. This does not appear like a very liberal allow-
ance, considering the amount likely to be swallowed
up by the expenses of the lottery and the probability
that many tickets would be left unsold; so that, aside

from the moral qualities of the scheme, it does not
impress one very favorably regarding the business
shrewdness of our primeval financiers.

Twelve commissioners were appointed by the legis-
ature to conduct the enterprise, of whom six were
from this county. These were Hon. Samuel Hunt-
ington, judge of the supreme court (who, however,
removed to Painesville the same year), Major Amos
Spafford, Hon. John Walworth, Major Lorenzo Car-
ter, James Kingbury, Esq., and Timothy Doan, Esq.
Hon. John Walworth, of Cleveland, was appointed
general agent. Agents for the sale of tickets were
also appointed in Zanesville, Steubenville, Albany,
New York, Hartford and Boston, who were authorized
to i)ay prizes in those places — when they should be
drawn.

But, despite the list of civil and military notables
concerned in the scheme, that time never came. It
was found impossible to sell more than a fourth of
the tickets. The drawing was postponed from time
to time in the hope of an increase ol funds, and even
as late.as 1811 was still expected to take place. Fi-
nally, however, it was entirely given up and the
money already paid in was returned, without interest,
to the purchasers of tickets. Thus ended the first
scheme of internal improvement connected with Cuy-
ahoga county.

On the second day of April in this year took place
the "draft" of the Land Company's land west of the
Cuyahoga; that is, the townships were distributed by
lot among groups of owners, who thereupon received
deeds from the trustees. The subdivision of the
townships into lots by the owners was still to be made
before the work of settlement could well commence.

Although, as before stated. Judge Huntington re-
moved to Painesville (now Lake county) this year, yet
he was so thoroughly identified with the early history
of Cuyahoga county as to make it eminently proper
to notice the fact that in the autumn of 1807 he was
elected governor of Ohio, in place of Hon. Edward
Tiffin, appointed United States senator. Mr. Tiffin
was the first executive of the State, having been
elected for a second term, and so it happened that the
second governor of Ohio was a gentleman whose home
for six years had been among the forests, the wolves
and the log-cabins of Cuyahoga county.

It must be added that Judge H. probably left
Cleveland because he despaired of its future. Ague,
ague, ague, was the cry of all who came to the mouth
of the Cuyahoga, and ten years after its settlement
Cleveland had not probably over thirty inhabita.nts.
This condition of the only port where there was a
good harbor discouraged immigrants at the very
threshold of the county, and naturally retarded set-
tlement in the back townships, though we cannot
learn that these were any worse in regard to sickness
than the rest of northern Ohio.

Governor Huntington served one term as chief
magistrate of the State. He afterwards resided on
his farm near Painesville until his death.

THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1812.

Early in the spring of 1808 occurred another of the
sad events so frequent in the early annals of the
county. Stephen Gilbert, one of the two first con-
stables of the county Joseph Plumb, Adolphus Spaf-

ford, (son of Major Amos) and Gillmore, started

on a bateau from Cleveland on a fishing expedition to
the Maumee river. A colored woman called Mary was
also on board the boat as a passenger, intending to
stop at Black river, where Major Nathan Perry "was
keeping a trading-house, and where some goods be-
longing to him were to be put on shore.

A Mr. White, of Newburg, and two sons of Joseph
Plumb, who had expecbed to go on the boat but were
too late, took the Indian trail to Black river, expecting
to get on board there. In tlie western part of the
present town of Dover, hearing cries of distress, they
looked down to the foot of the bluff, and saw sixty
feet beneath them the boat in which their friends had
set sail, bottom side up, while near it was the elder
Ml-. Plumb, the sole survivor of the crew. He told
them that the boat had capsized a mile from shore.
The woman was drowned at once. All the others ex-
cept Plumb were good swimmers and had struck out
for shore, but the water was so cold that one after
another their strength failed them and they sank to
rise no more. Plumb, being unable to swim, got
astride the boat and was thus driven ashore. He was
seriously hurt, however, and was scarcely able to move,
on account of his immersion in the extremely cold
water of the lake.

His friends hardly knew what to do, as he could
not climb up the almost perpendicular bluff and they
could not get down to him. It was quickly decided,
however, that Mr. White and one of the young men
should hasten on to Black river, some twelve miles
distant, to obtain aid and ropes, while the other son
remained to comfort his father. The latter was so
overcome with cold, and so discouraged by the circum-
stances in which he found himself, that the young man
determined to reach him at all hazards. Climbing part-
ly down the bluff he found an ironwood sapling whicii
grew out partly over the beach. Young Plumb
crawled upon this to the outermost bushes, and the
tough ironwood bent far down beneath his weight.
Suspending himself by his hands to the lowest-reach-
ing branches, the brave young man finally let go,
dropping over twenty feet to the sandy beach below,
and fortunately escaping unhurt. He made his father
as comfortable as possible, and together they awaited
the coming of aid.

Darkness came on and still no relief appeared. At
length, when the night was well advanced, shouts
were heard and lights were seen on the bluff above.
White and young Plumb had returned, accompanied
by Major Perry and Quintus P. Atkins, who probably
comprised the whole male population at Black river
at that time. They brought ropes and lanterns, but
their task was still one of considerable difficulty.
The elder Mr. Plumb weighed some two hundred
and twenty pounds, and it was no easy task to raise

him by sheer strength up that sixty-feet bluff. How-
ever, one end of the rope was made fast to a tree, the
other was let down to the men below, and fastened
by young Plumb under his father's arms. The four
men above then began to "haul in," and by exerting
their united strength finally landed the old gentleman
at the top of the bluff ; he and they being alike
almost exhausted by the operation. The young man
was then drawn up with comparative ease.

Such were the dangers from the turbulent lake and
the rock bound coast that out of the eighteen deaths
of residents of Cleveland, occurring during the twelve
first years of the settlement, no less than eleven were
by drowning. It will be seen that, notwithstanding
the evil reputation of the locality as to health, there
was not a very large proportion of deaths by disease.
In fact the ague seldom killed; it only made people
wish they wei-e dead.

In the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed
by the State to select a location for the seat of justice
of Cuyahoga county. The only place besides Cleve-
land which had serious claims to this honor was
Newburg, which had as large a population as the
former village, or larger, and was a much more healthy
and thriving locality. Ilowevei-, the position at the
mouth of the Cuyahoga, with its possibilities of future
greatness, carried the day in spite of the ague, and
Cleveland was duly selected. The time employed by
the commissioners and the salary paid them are both
shown by the following extract from the bill presented
by one of the honorable commissioners, from Colum-
biana county, which also gives a hint of the orthog-
raphy often practiced among the officials of the day:

"A Leven Days, Two Dollars per day, Twenty-two
dollars. "

In an accompanying letter to Abraham Tappen the
commi.5sionor requested that he present the bill to the
" Nixt Cort," by whicli he would much oblige "your
humble Sarvent."

In the spring of 1809 another citizen of Cuyahoga
county was elevated to distinguished honors. Hon.
Stanley Griswold, who had been secretary of the Ter-
ritory of Michigan under Governor Hall, had resigned
that position and located himself at " Doan's Corners,"
four miles east of Cleveland village. He was a man
of marked ability and when, in the forepart of 1809,
Mr. Tiffin resigned his seat as United States senator.
Governor Huntington appointed Mr. Griswold to fill
his place.

In a letter written about this time the new senator
expressed the opinion that this would be a good loca-
tion for a physician; there being none in the county,
and none of any eminence within fifty miles. Still,
he said, a doctor would have to keep school a part of
the time in order to make a living, until there was a
larger population. Senator Griswold only served dur-
in"- the remainder of one session, but it is somewhat
remarkable that Cuyahoga county should have fur-
nished a State governor and a United States senator
before it possessed a doctor.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

The contract for carrying the mail through a wide
region was at this time held by Joseph Burke, of
Euclid, whose two sous were tlic mail carriers ; one of
them having been the late Gains Burke of Newburg.
The route was from Cleveland to Hudson, Ravenna,
Deerficld, Warren, Mesopotamia, Windsor, Jefferson,
Austinburg, Harpersfield, Painesvillc, aud thence back
to Cleveland. This was the only route any part of
which was in Cuyahoga county, except the main line
to the west along the lake shore, and Cleveland still
possessed the only post-office in the county.

Mr. Gains Burke, in a letter on tile among the ar-
chives of the Historical Society, says that the road
was underbrushed most of the way, but there were no
bridges, and streams and swamps were numerous. In
the summer the two youngsters by turns carried the
mail on horseback, but when wet weather came in
the spring and fall they had to trudge on foot; the
roads being too bad to be traveled on horseback, much
less with a wagon. On reaching streams the carrier
sometimes crossed in a canoe or on a raft, kept thei-e
for the accommodation of travelers. Sometimes he
got astride a convenient piece of flood-wood and pad •
died obliquely to the opposite shore. And sometimes,
in default of any of these resources, he waded the
stream, or, if it was too deep for that, plunged boldly
in and swam across, keeping his little bag of letters
above his head as best ho might. The population
v/as still extremely sparse; there being spaces five, ten
or even fifteen miles in width without a single house.

At length, in May, 1810, Cuyahoga county was
duly organized by the appointment of the proper of-
ficers, and began its indei^endent existence. The first
officers were Hon. Benjamin Ruggles, presiding judge
of the court of common pleas; Nathan Perry, Sr., A.
Gilbert and Timothy Doan, associate judges; John
Walworth, clerk; and Smith S. Baldwin, sheriff. At
this time Huron county, which was still unorganized,
was attached to Cuyahoga county for judicial aud
legislative purposes, as was also a tract between the
two counties, which appears to have been left outside
of any county boundaries. The first court was held
at the newly erected store of Elias and Harvey Mur-
ray, in Cleveland. One indictment was presented for
petit larceny, several for selling whisky to Indians,
and others for selling foreign goods without license.
By the United .States census of this year the popu-
lation of the county was found to be one thousand
four hundred and ninety-five, a considerable portion
of whom, however, resided in " Chagrin " or Wil-
loughby, which has since been transferred to Lake
county. The remainder of the settlers were in what
is now Cleveland, Eixst Cleveland, Euclid, Mayfield,
Newburg, Independence and Brooklyn, with a very
few m Middleburg.

It was not until 1810 that a physician became a
permanent resident of Cuyahoga county; this was I)r.
David Long, a native of Washington county, Ndw
York, who then settled at Cleveland, where he prac-
ticed his profession throughout a long and useful life.

Alfred Kelley, Esq., who was admitted to the bar
and made prosecuting attorney of the district on the
7th of November, 1810, at the age of twenty-one, was
the first practicing lawyer in the county, Mr. Hunt-
ington's time having been entirely occupied by other
duties.

During this year the people became much excited
by the rumors of Indian war from the "West, where
Tecumseh and his brother, "the Prophet," were en-
deavoring to unite all the widely scattered tribes
from the Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes in a
league against the ever-encroaching Americans. War,
too, was anticipated between the United States and
Great Britain, and a decided feeling of uneasiness
spread over the whole frontier. Although there were
scattered settlements from Cuyahoga county west-
ward along the lake shore to the Maumee, yet back
from the lake nearly the whole country was still an
unbroken forest or an uninhabited prairie from the
Cuyahoga river to the Pacific ocean, and there was
nothing improbable in Tecumseh and his savage fol-
lowers making a raid among the scattered inhabitants
of Cuyahoga county.

In 1811 the fears of the people were again aroused
by an earthquake, which gave a perceptible shock, and
which was thought by many to portend some dire
disaster. But ere long came the news of the battle of
Tippecanoe, in which the warriors of the great league
were totally defeated by the American troops under
General Harrison. Then, for a time, the people rested
free from the fears of Indian invasion.

By an act passed on the 25th day of January of this
year, (1811,) the western boundary of the county,
which as defined by the act creating it was the same
as the western boundary of the present townships
of Strongsville, Middleburg and Rockport, was car-
ried from ten to fifteen miles farther west. Begin-
ning at the southwest corner of the present township
of Eaton, Lorain county, (township five, range six-
teen,) the new line ran thence north to the north-
west corner of that township; thence west to the
middle of Black river, and thence down the center of
that stream to the lake. The tract thus united to
Cuyahoga county consisted of the present townships
of Dover and Olmstead, which have ever since re-
mained in it, and the townships of Avon, Ridgeville,
Columbia and Eaton, aud parts of Sheffield and
Elyria, now in Lorain county.

Despite of Indian troubles, emigration was still flow-
ing south and west, and in this year township five,
range twelve, now known as Brecksville, was subdi-
vided into lots ready for settlement.

During the forepart of 1812 the excitement on the
frontier became intense; for it was known that the
question of declaring war was being continuously de-
bated in Congress, and no one knew at what moment
its fury might bo unchained. This locality was one
of peculiar danger; for not only were the Indians
threatening massacre a short distance to the westward
but the whole broadside of the county lay open to

^.AM^u^^

THE PERIOD EROM 1807 TO 1812.

Lake Erie, aud on Lake Erie the Britisli had several
armed vessels while the Americans had none.

The prevailing uneasiness was increased by the mur-
der of two white men by three Indians in Huron
county, although the crime was committed solely to
obtain the furs of the victims, and had no connection
with any general hostile movement. The people of
the vicinity, discovering the bones of the victims be-
neath the ashes of their cabin, which the Indians had
fired, turned out in pursuit and captured all three of
the murderers, with the property of the murdered men
in their possession. One of them, a mere boy, was
allowed to escape. Another, named Semo, after he
was arrested placed the muzzle of his gun under his
chin, pulled the trigger with his toe and instantly
killed himself. The third was a young Indian who
had lived in the vicinity of Cleveland, and was com-
monly called Omic, and sometimes as John Omic, to
distinguish him from his father who was known as Old
Omic. He wsis only about twenty-one years old, very
hardy and athletic, and already well known for his
vicious disposition; having several times committed
offenses, some of which are related in the history of
Cleveland city, in this work.

Huron county being attached to Cuyahoga for judi-
cial purposes, Omic was brought hither for trial, and
the subsequent proceedings in his case are perhaps
more clearly remembered by the few survivors of that
period, and are more fully detailed in history, than any
other events occurring here dui-ing the first quarter of
this century. There being neither court-house nor jail,
the criminal was confined in Major Clarke's ball-room,
in charge of the worthy major himself, who was duly
deputized for the purpose. He had more influence
with the Indians than any one else in the county, and
it was doubtless thought there would be less danger
of an outbreak on their part if the culprit were under
his charge than otherwise. Strong irons were placed
on Omic's ankles and fastened by a chain to a joist.

Mrs. Miles, before mentioned, tells of going to see
him there, and talking with him. She had been well
acquainted with him before he committed his crime,
as indeed had almost every one in the vicinity. On
the trial Alfred Kelley, the prosecuting attorney and
the only lawyer in this county, appeared for the peo-
ple, and Peter Hitchcock was assigned as counsel for
the prisoner. The evidence of his guilt was clear,
the jury brought in a verdict of guilty, and the court
sentenced Omic to be hung on the 36th day of June,

1813.

After his conviction the culprit talked with great
unconcern of the coming execution. He declared
that he would show the pale faces how an Indian
could die. They need not tie his hands. He would
jump off the gallows when his time came without
hesitation. Down to the last there was more or less
fear of rescue by the Indians, many of whom were
always around Cleveland. Old Omic, shortly before
the execution, came into the house of Dr. Long on
Water street, Cleveland, no one being there except

Mrs. Long and her infant child (now Mrs. Severance)
who was sleeping in the cradle. The Indian picked
up a gun which was standing in the room. Mrs.
Long instantly imagined that he was about to kill
her or the child, in revenge for the expected execution
of his son. Snatching the babe from the cradle, she
ran at full speed up Water street, screaming with all
her might, while Omic, having laid down the gun,
followed more slowly, trying to explain himself in
broken English to the panic-stricken woman. Mr.
Samuel Williamson, who lived on Water street, took
the child from Mrs. Long and went with her to
Major Carter's, who was the great authority on all In-
dian questions. Omic came up and explained to the
major, in Indian, that he only picked up the gun to
show Mrs. Long how Semo, the accomplice of John
Omic, had killed himself after he was arrested. This
was translated by Carter to Mrs. Long and the white
men who had gathered around, and then, as Mrs.
Long said, they "all had a hearty laugh," though it
is doubtful whether the young mother fully enjoyed
the humor of the mistake.

At length the day of execution arrived. People
came from far and near to witness the scene. Fear-
ing a rescue, many brought their arms with them,
besides which, a battalion of militia was ordered
out under Major Samuel Jones. The major was
a fine-looking man, in full uniform, with large
gold epaulets and well-plumed cocked hat, but the
management of a few companies of militia severely
tasked his military skill. He drew them up in
front of Carter's hotel, and Omic was brought forth
aud seated on his coffin, in a wagon painted black for
the occasion. After religious services, conducted by
the Rev. Mr. Darrow, of Trumbull county. Major
Jones undertook to surround the wagon, and the
officials which accompanied it with his battalion, but
was unable to accomplish his object. After waiting
a reasonable time, while the major galloped back and
forth, shouting forth all sorts of orders but the right
ones. Sheriff Baldwin moved forward with the pro-
cession. Some one then suggested to the major that
he march his men by the right flank to the gallows,
and double his line around it, which he accordingly
did.

Omic kept up his bravado almost to the last, and
rode to the gallows, as Mrs. Miles says, keeping time
to the music by drumming on his coffin. When they
arrived at the place of execution, which was near the
northwest corner of the public square, Sheriff Bald-
win, Major Carter and Omic mounted the gallows.
The culprit's arms were loosely fastened together at
the elbows, and a rope with a loop in it was put around
his neck. Erom the top-piece above swung another
rope, with an iron hook at the end, to which the first
rope was fastened. Major Carter descended from the
gallows and the sheriff drew the black cap down over
Omic's face. Then, at length, all the culprit's bravado
deserted him. He was, said Hon. Elisha Whittlesey
in a statement published by his nephew. Col. Whit-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

tlesey, the most frigliteiied man, " rational or irra-
tional," that he ever saw. He bent down his head,
seized the rope with his loosely-pinioned right hand,
stepped to the nearest post and threw his other arm
around it. The sheriff approaclied, when Omic
seized him and seemed likely to throw him from the
gallows to the ground.

Major Carter again went upon the gallows, and
asked Omic in his native tongue to remember what
he had said about sliowing the palefaces how an In-
dian could die, bat witliout effect. At length, how-
ever, tlie culprit said that if he could have a l)ig
drink of wliisky he would make no more trouble.
Carter urged compliance and the sheriff assented. A
large tumbler nearly full of "old Monongahela " was
soon produced. Omic took the glass and swallowed
the liquor in an instant. He then declared he was
ready for death. Carter came down, and the sheriff
again drew the black cap over the face of the criminal.

His former terrors immediately returned. Again
he reached up his hand and seized the rope, at the
same time throwing his othei: arm around the post
and defying the efforts of the sheriff to detach him.
He talked rapidly and incoherently in mingled Indian
and broken English, declaring that he would return
in two days and wreak vengeance on the palefaces.
Once more the indefatigable Carter went up to act as
interpreter and dijjloQiatist. The sheriff does not
seem to have had much nerve or lie would have called
assistance, wrapjied the scoundrel with cords so tight-
ly that he could not move, and if necessary thrown
him from the gallows. Another disgraceful alterca-
tion ensued, and at length Omic gave Major Carter
his " word of honor as an Indian " that if he could
have one more glorious drink he would submit quiet-
ly to his doom. Even to this the sheriff was weak
enough to assent. This time, however, the tumbler
was not given to the culj)rit but held to his mouth,
and while he was drinking Sheriff Baldwin tightened
tlie rope on his arms, and drew up the one above so
that Omic could not go to the post.

The platform was again cleared, but notwithstand-
ing all the precautions Omic managed to slip the fin-
gers of his right hand between the rope and his neck.
The sheriff, however, did not wait for any farther
parley but cut the rope which upheld the platform.
The man fell the length of his rope, swung to and
fro several times, and at length hung quiet.

Meanwhile a storm was seen coming up rapidly from
the northwest. It being doubted whether the crim-
inal's neck was broken, the rope was drawn up and let
suddenly down, when it broke and the body fell heavi-
ly to the ground. The dark clouds swept rapidly
over the sky, and warning drops of rain began to fall.
The body was hastily placed in the cofiBn, and as hasti-
ly deposited in the grave which had been dug near
the gallows. Even while this was being done the rain
began to pour down in ton-ents and the crowd swiftly
separated to seek for sheller; the militiamen not wait-
ing to perform any more evolutions, and the gilt-

edged officers hurrying at the top of their speed to
save their ornaments from untimely ruin. The flint-
lock muskets of the men were so wet that fifty In-
dians with tomahawks could probably have captured
the place. Tlie red men, however, never manifested,
so far as known, any disposition for revenge.

Nearly all the physicians of the Reserve were
present, determined to obtain the body, if possible, for
dissection. After dark several of them went to the
square, the sheriff conveniently closing his eyes, and
took the body from the unfilled grave. Omic was
quite fat and heavy, but Dr. Allen, of Trumbull
county, volunteered to carry him alone. The body
was accordingly placed on tlie doctor's back, but
before he got out of the square he stumbled against a
stump and fell to the ground, with his ghastly burden
on top of him. His companions smothei'ed their
laughter for fear of discovery, (it might not have
been very pleasant to be discovered by any lingering
Indians,) and assisted to carry the corpse to the place
of dissection. It was reported among the citizens, at
the time, that some of the physicians said they could
easily have restored life after the body was on the
dissection table, but this is extremely doubtful, con-
sidering the hours that had elapsed since the hanging.
The body was duly dissected, and the skeleton long
remained in the possession of Dr. Long.

Two days later a swift riding expressman galloped
into Cleveland, bearing the President's proclamation
that on the 18th of June, 1813, war had been declared
by the Congress of the United States against the
king- of Great Britain.

CHAPTER XI.

THE ■WAB OF 1812.

A Quiet hut Anxious Beginning— News of Hull's Surrender— Great
Excitement- -Reported Approach of Indians— General Alarm— Prep-
arations for Fight— Tlie Wat(;li at_ Night— An Approaching Vessel—
"Who are you"— Prisoners ot Hull's Army— A Militia Company-
Copy of its Roll— Captain Gay lord's Riflemen— General Rally of the
Militia— Colonel Cass— Obtaining Provisions and Forage— Generals
Perkins and Beall— A Succession of Fugitives— Elisha Dibble— His
Detachment of Scouts— The Battle of the Peninsula— Building a
Conrt-Hou.se— Winter— Preparations in the Spring— Major Jessup—
Governor Meigs— Captain Sholes's Regulars— Fort Huntington— Ap-
proach of the British Fleet— A Calm— A Storm— A Foraging Party
in EucUd— General Harrison— Attack on Fort Meigs— Appearance of
Peri-y's Fleet^-The Commander on Shore— Mrs. Stedman's Recollec-
tions—Guns and Men of the Fleet— At work on the CourtHouse—
A Distant Sound— "It's Perry's Guns"— Off to the Lake Shore—
Listenmg— •' Hurrah for Perry"— News of Victory— General Exulta-
tion—Harrison's Victoiy— Harrison and Pen-y at Cleveland— Disturb-
ing News— Quiet through 1814— Incorporation of Cleveland— Peace.

For the first two months after the declaration of
war tliere was not much more excitement than during
the previous two months, when the people were only
expecting it. The militia were frequently called out
for drill, arms and munitions were issued, and many
anxious eyes were often turned toward the lake; for
none could be sure but that at any moment a British
armed vessel might approach off the coast, and land a
force of invaders or a parly of marauders. Many

THE WAR OF 1813.

ears listened nervously, too, to every blast that swept
through the western forest, uncertain whether some
ferocious band of Indians might not make their way
past the American outposts, and enter on a crusade of
cruelty among the people of the frontier. It was gen-
erally believed, however, that the forces gathering
under General Van Rensselaer on the Niagara ,and
under General Hull at Detroit, would soon take pos-
session of the upper peninsula of Canada, opposite
this county, and thus relieve the people here of all
farther anxiety in regard to danger from that quarter.
Expressmen almost daily galloped back and forth
along the lake shore; those from the west bearing
news successively of the increase of Hull's army, of
its advance into Canada, and then of its .retreat to the
American shore, whei-e, however, it was believed to be
amply able to defeat any force which could be brought
against it. But shortly after the 16th of August a
messenger came dashing into Cleveland from the west,
bearing the terrible news that on that day General
Hull had surrendered his whole force to the British
and trheir Indian allies, who might be expected at any
moment to attack the defenceless inhabitants on the
south shore of Lake Erie. Instantly all was excite-
ment and anxiety. Expresses were sent out in vari-
ous directions to notify the peojale, and also to Major
General Wadsworth at Canfield, (now Mahoning-
county,) to beg for the aid of the militia.

Within twenty-four hours another messenger
brought the news that the British and Indians were
actually approaching; their vessels had been seen
near Huron ; nay, as near as he could learn, they had
lauded in that locality, and the massacre of the peo-
ple had actually commenced. Then indeed there w;s
dismay on every side. Many doubted the correetness
of the information, but few desired to run the risk of
proving its falsity. A large proportion of the people
of Cleveland set forth, in all haste, along the forest
roads which led through Euclid and Newburg to safer
regions. The bolder men sent ofE tlieir families, and
themselves seized their arms, ready to do battle with
the invading foe. Mrs. Walworth, Mrs. Dr. Long
and one or two other ladies, however, peremptorily
refused to leave. If they could do nothing else
they could nurse the wounded in case of battle, and
at all hazards they would stay by their husbands.

As the alarm spread through the county, it grew
more intense with every mile of advance. The roads
were soon crowded with ox-wagons and horse-wagons,
with travelers on horseback and travelers on foot.
Here could be seen a clumsy cart in wliich had been
thrown a feather-bed, two or three iron pots, all the
crockery of the family, a side of bacon and a bag of
corn meal; on top of which were a frightened matron
and half a dozen tow-headed children, while tlie
father of tiie family applied his long "gad" with
unflinching energy to the backs of the lumbering
cattle, wliich were moving altogether too slowly to suit
so desperate an emergency. Swiftly passing there
would be seen a woman on horseback, with one child

before and another behind, while scores of men, wo-
men and children, blessed with neither horses nor
oxen, were trudging wearily on foot, trembling every
moment lest the dread war-whoops of the savages
should be hoard in their rear. In the midst of all
these, however, were to be seen some brave men, with
muslcets and rifles on their shoulders, hastening
rapidily to Cleveland to aid in repelling the foe.

These, united with the little squad of Clevelanders,
made up in the course of the day a company' of
thirty or forty men. As night came on, they posted
sentinels along the water's edge, and then lay down
with their clothes on in the nearest deserted dwell-
ings, to await the result. Hour after hour passed, and
naught occurred to renew the alarm of the day. But
soon after midnight the sentinels quietly gave warn-
ing to their comrades. The latter sprang up, ad-
justed their powder-horns and bullet-pouches, ex-
amined the locks of their weapons, and hastened
silently to the mouth of the river. Sure enough;
through the darkness of the night the white sails and
black hull of a vessel could be seen approaching from
the west, and shaping her course toward the usual
landing-place.

There were few vessels on the lake then and these
had mostly been taken for hostile purposes, so the ap-
proach of a ship from the west at that hour of the
night looked sufficiently susj)ioious, and the sceptics
began to think there might be something serious
ahead. A line of determined men was formed a short
distance from the landing place, and thirty old fire-
locks were cocked as the vessel came steadily onward.

" Hello," cried a sentinel, in unmilitary but con-
venient formula, " who are you?"

"An American vessel," was the reply, " with pa-
roled prisoners of Hull's army."

The little company gave vent to their intense relief
by a general shout, then " broke ranks" without wait-
ing for orders, and were soon fraternizing with the
newcomers, and joining them in cursing General Hull
with the utmost good will. Many of the paroled men
were wounded, and Murray's store was turned into a
hosjaJtal.

A company of militia was speedily called out from
what now constitutes the city of Cleveland, and the
towns of East Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and per-
haps some others. A copy of the company-roll, ob-
tained from Washington, is on file among the records
of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and we
transcribe it here.

Captain, Harvey Murray; lieutenant, Lewis Dille;
ensign, Alfred Kelley; sergeants, Ebenezer Green,
Simeon Moss, Thomas Hamilton, Seth Doan; corpor-
als, James Root, John Lauterman, Asa Dille, Martin
G. Shelhouse; drummer, David S. Tyler; fifer, Ro-
dolphus Carlton; privates, Aretus Burk, Allen Burk,
Charles Brandon, John Bishop, Moses Bradley, Silas
Burk, Sylvester Beacher, James S. Bills, John Carl-
ton, Mason Clark, Anthony Doyle, Luther Dille,
Samuel Dille, Samuel Dodge, Moses Eldred, Samuel

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOCIA COUNTY.

Evarts, Ebeiiezer Fish, Zebnlon R. S. Freeman, Rob-
ert Harberson, Daniel S. Judd, Jackson James, John
James, Stephen King, Guy Lee, Jacob Mingns,
Thomas Mclh'uth, William ]\IcOoiikey, Samuel Noyes,
David Eeed, John Sweeney, Parker Shadrick, Luther
Sterns, Bazaleel Thorp, John Taylor, Thomas Thom-
as, Hartman Van Duzen, Joseph Williams, Matthew
AVilliamson, John Wrightman, William White, Jo-
seph Burk, Robert Prentice, Benjamin Ogden.

Tiiese went into service on the 23d of August,
1812, and remained in service until the 14th of De-
cember of the same year. They do not, however, ap-
pear to have been very closely confined to their mili-
tary duties; for at the time the roll in question was
made out not less than twenty-two out of the fifty-
six- officers and men were marked "absent on fur-
lough," besides eight absent sick.

Another company, raised principally at Newburg
and vicinity, and composed of riflemen, was com-
manded by Captain Allen Gaylord of that town, but
the roll has not been preserved.

Although the first great alarm had proved un-
founded, yet there was no knowing when an invasion
might occur either by lake or land, and the efforts to
put the country in readiness for such an event were
strenuously continued. General Wadsworth, after
ordering all the militia of his division into the field,
started from Oanfield on the 23d day of August, with
a company of horsemen as escort. Passing through
Hudson, Bedford and Newburg, and endeavoring to
allay the apprehensions of the hundreds of frightened
people whom he met, he rode into Cleveland with his
horsemen about four o'clock in the afternoon of the
24th; to the great joy of the few men assembled
there. Other militia soon followed, and so fai' as
numbers were concerned there were enough to con-
front the whole British army on the frontier.

Benjamin Tappen and Elisha Whittlesey, both
subsequently very distinguished men in the councils
of the nation, were General Wadsworth's aids. The
same evening that the detachment just mentioned
arrived at Cleveland, Colonel Lewis Cass, afterwards
General Cass, the celebrated statesman, came to the
same point from Detroit. Having been in command
of a regiment under Hull, he was bitterly indignant
at the surrender, and never failed to denounce the
cowardly general in the most virulent terms. He
was on his way to Washington on military business^
and was accompanied from Cleveland by ex-Governor
Huntington, of Painesville, who had hastened to his
former home at the first note of danger.

The last named gentleman bore a letter from
General Wadsworth to the war department, in which
he stated that he had called out three thousand men,
but that they were largely destitute of arms, ammuni-
tion and equipments, and that it would even be
difficut to feed them. He urged the department to
give him aid, but did not wait for it to come. He
a|)poiutcd three commissioners of supplies, to pur-
chiise provisions and forage from the people, who,

trusting in the good faith of the government, sold as
cheaply as for coin. The commissioners gave cer-
tificates stating the quantity and value of the article
furnished, and promising to pay for it when the
government should remit the necessary funds.

Many of the frightened people had gone east,
abandoning their crops on the ground or in barns.
These were taken by the commissioners, appraised,
and the owners credifed with the value. Fatigue
parties of soldiers harvested the crops and hauled them
to camp, and the owners were afterwards remunerated
for them.

On the 26th of August Brigadier General Simon
Perkins arrived at Cleveland with a large body of
militia. General Wadsworth sent him forward to
Huron with a thousand men, to build block-houses
and protect the inhabitants. General Reazin Beall
was soon after sent westward with another body
of troops on a similar errand. General Wadsworth
soon received dispatches from Washington, endorsing
his course, urging vigorous action and promising sup-
port. The major general himself soon went westward
with nearly all the rest of his men; being first under
command of General Winchester, and afterwards of
the hero of Tippecanoe, General William H. Harrison.
The same circumstance was noticeable here as at
other points on the frontier, and at other times as
well as at this one; nearly all the inhabitants for a
long distance back from the scene of trouble thought
they must move, but were apparently satisfied by the
act of moving. Thus, while some of the people of
Cuyahoga county fled twenty, thirty or forty miles
eastward, they found there homes abandoned by those
who had gone still farther on. These they could, and
often did, occupy; feeling themselves safe in the same
places from which others had fled in terror. In like
manner, people coming from Huron and beyond
thought they had fled far enough when they reached
the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and made themselves at
iiome in localities only a few days before abandoned
by the previous residents.

Among those who thus came from tlie west was
Elisha Dibble, father of Captain Lewis Dibble, of
Cleveland, who brough this wife and eight children;
together with another family, in a boat, to Cleveland,
shortly after Hull's surrender. His former location
had indeed been one of great danger, being on the
River Raisin, near the jn-esent city of Monroe, Mich-
igan, and not far from the scene of the celebrated
"massacre of the River Raisin," which took place the
same autumn. On reaching Cleveland he concluded
he had gone far enough, and located himself in the
house of Rudolphus Edwards, near the present corner
of Woodland avenue and Woodland Hills avenue.
Being a stirring, energetic man, he determined to
raise a detachment of mounted rangers, or scouts, for
service against the enemy, and soon accomplished his
object; the men being from all parts of the county, and
some of them being doubtless, like himself, fugitives
from western homes. Captain Dibble marched with

X^s^V^rihU

THE WAR OF 1813.

his company to Huron and other endangered localities.
He received the thanks of his commander in writing
for his efficient service, but contracted a sickness
which compelled his return home, where he died the
next year.

After General Harrison took command in the
Northwest, General Perkins was placed in command
of five hundred men and stationed near the mouth of
the liuron, remaining there nearly two months.
While there a conflict took place between a detach-
ment of General Perkins' men and a force of British
and Indians, who had made their way that far east,
. either on scouting duty or in search of plunder. This
is known in local annals as " the battle of the Penin-
sula." A portion of the' Cuyahoga county men were
engaged in it, and the roll of Captain Mun-ay's com-
pany shows that one of his men, James S. Hills, was
killed in the conflict, and that two others, John Carl-
ton and Moses Eldred, were wounded tliere.

During the season Mr. Samuel Dodge was engaged
in building vessels for the government, both in the
Cuyahoga and at Brie, Pennsylvania.

Notwithstanding all the din of war, the affairs of
peace were not entirely neglected. In the fall or late
in the summer of 1812 the county commissioners,
Messrs. Wright, Euggles and Miles, made a contract
with Mr. Levi Johnson, a young carpenter of Cleve-
land, to build a court-house on the northwest corner
of the public square. It was to be of wood, two stories
high, and to consist of a jail and jailer's residence in
the lower story, and a court-room in the upper one.
Mr. Johnson immediately began obtaining the timber,
but the building was not raised till the next year.

As winter approached, the war-excitement subsided.
Both armies went into winter-quarters, most of the
militia was dismissed in December, and only a small
guard was maintained at Cleveland.

In the spring of 1813 active preparations for hos-
tilities were again made on both sides of the frontier,
and Cleveland again became a depot of supplies, and
to some extent a rendezvous for troops. Major
Thomas S. Jessup, of the regular army, afterwards
highly distinguished as General Jessup, was placed in
command, though at first he had only a few compa-
nies of militia under his charge. Later Hon. Eetiirn
J. Meigs, governor of Oljio, came to inspect the
preparations making for war.

On the 10th of May, while the latter was still
there, a company of regular soldiers marched into
town under the command of Captain Stanton Sholes.
These were the first and about the only regular
troops stationed in Cuyahoga county during the war.
They were met by Governor Meigs, and warmly wel-
comed by him as well as by the citizens of the place.
There were a number of sick and wounded soldiers
there, with very poor accommodations, some of whom
had been there since the time of Hull's surrender.
Captain Sholes immediately set some carpenters be-
longing to his company at work, and in a short time
they erected a neat, framed hospital, about twenty feet

by thirty, though without the use of a nail, a screw,
or any iron article whatever; the whole being held
together by wooden pins. It was covered with a
water-tight roof and floored with chestnut bark. To
this the invalids were speedily removed, to the very
great improvement of their comfort.

Then all the men of the company were set at work
building a small stockade, about fifty yards from Ihe
bank of the lake, near the present Seneca street. Cut-
ting down a large number of trees twelve to fifteen
inches in diameter, they cut off logs some twelve feet
long each. These were sunk in the ground three or
four feet, leaving the remaining distance above the
surface. The sides of the logs adjoining each other
were hewed down for a few inches, so as to fit solidly
together. Tliis made a wall impervious to small
arms, and the dirt was heaped up against the outside
so as somewl\at to deaden the effect of cannon balls.
Next a large number of trees and brush were cut
down, and tl)e logs and brush piled together near the
brink of the lake; forming a long abatis, very diffi-
cult to climb over, and which would have exposed
any assailing party who attempted to surmount it to
a very destructive fire from the fort while doing so.
The post was named Fort Huntington, in honor of
the ex-governor.

Meanwhile vessels were building in the Cuyahoga,
and a large amount of public stores accumulating on
the banks. Scarcely had Captain Sholes got his little
fortress in good condition when, on the I'Jth of
Juno, the British fleet, consisting of the "Queen Cliar-
lotte" and "Lady Provost," with some smaller ves-
sels, appeared off the coast and approached the mouth
of the river with the apparent intention of landing.
Major Jessup had left, but expresses were sent out to
rally the militia, and as soon as possible every man in
the vicinitv was hastening with musket on his shoul-
der toward the endangered locality.

When the fleet had arrived within a mile and a half
of the harbor the wind stink to a perfect calm, and
the vessels were compelled to lie there until afternoon.
Meanwhile the little band of regulars made every
preparation they could to defend their post, and a
considerable body of militia was arrayed near by.
There was a small piece of artillery in the village, but
it was entirely unprovided with a carriage. Judge
James Kingsbury, at that time a paymaster in the
army, as we are informed by his daughter-, Mrs. Sted-
man, then eight years old, took the hind wheels of a
heavy wagon, mounted the little cannon on them,
after a fashion, and placed it in position to pour its
volleys into the enemy's ranks if he should attempt
to fand. The vessels in the Cuyalioga and the public
stores were all, as far as possible, moved to "Wal-
worth point," some two miles up the river.

At length the calm ceased, but the succeeding
weather was no more propitious to the would-be in-
vaders. A terrific thunder-storm sprang up in the
west and swept furiously down the lake, and the
little fleet was soon driven before it far to the east-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ward; relieving the Olevelauders of all fear of an at-
tack, at least for that day.

When the storm abated, the fleet lay to, opposite
Euclid creek, in the town of that name, where a
boat's crew went ashore. Tliey killed an ox there,
cut it up hide and all, and took it off to their com-
rades on shipboard. Witli more courtesy than could
have been expected, however, they left a golden
guinea in a cleft stick at the place of slaughter, with
a note apologizing bei ause in their haste they had to
spoil the hide, and adding that if it had not been for
the thunder shower they would have eaten their beef
in Cleveland. Either the commander thought tliat
during the delay too large a force for them to meet
had assembled, or else their presence was recpiired
elsewhere; at :ill events they sailed off down the lake,
and their vessels never again appeared on the shore of
Cuyahoga county except as the captured, sjioils of the
gallant Perry and his comrades.

About the middle of July, General \V. H. Harrison,
commander-in-chief of the Northwestern army, and
the only general who had gained any fame as a sol-
dier on this frontier, came to Cleveland on a tour of
inspection, accompanied by his staff officers. Governor
Huntington, Major George Tod (father of the late
David Tod), Major T. S. Jessup, and the gallant
Colonel Wood, afterwards killed at Fort Erie. The
general was cordially welcomed, and many came from
the townships in the vicinity to see and to show their
respect to the hero of Tipjiecanoe, who it was hoped
would redeem the tarnished fame of the American
arms in the Northwest. After a three-days' stay,
spent in careful examination of the jHiblic stores and
means of defense, the general returned to his army,
at the mouth of the Manmee.

Immediately afterwards there was another alarm
spread along the lake shore, when a force of British
and Indians attacked Fort Meigs, on the site of the
city of Fremont. Some again packed up their house-
hold goods for flight, but as a rule the people had by
this time become pretty well seasoned to rumors of
war, and they generally waited for further advices.

Two entire divisions of militia, residing southward
and southeastward from Fort Meigs, were ordered out
by the governor, but those on the lake shore were
rightly considered as having enough to do to defend
their own localities, and were not required to take the
field at that time. The gallant Major Croghan with
his little band successfully defended the fort, and
compelled the withdrawal of the enemy before any of
Governor Meigs' levies arrived; and again, for a while,
tliere was a period of comparative quiet.

But the British fleet was still mistress of the lak'e;
no movement against Canada was likely to be success-
ful until that fleet could be overcome, and no one
knew at what moment an invading force might be
landed at any point on our long and feebly defended
frontier. All eyes were anxiously directed toward the
harbor of Erie, where a young lieutenant of twenty-
six, called commodore by courtesy, was straining every

nerve to equip his little fleet, get out to sea, and settle
by actual combat the question whether the stars and
stripes or the red cross of St. George should float vic-
torious over Lake Erie.

At length, on the 5th day of August, Perry took
his fleet out of the harbor and immediately sailed in
search of the foe. In a few days he passed up the
lake, feeling sure that he would soon bring the enemy
to battle. The fleet lay to off the mouth of the Cuya-
hoga to get supplies, and the youthful commodore came
ashore. Little Diana Kingsbury was in the village at
the time with her father, and the venerable Mrs. Sted-
man still retains a vivid recollection of the tall, slender,
erect young man, in the glittering uniform of the
United States navy, with noble bearing and hand-
some, radiant face, on whom more than on any other
man, at that moment, rested the fortunes and honor
of America in the Northwest.

Tiic object of the brief delay having been accom-
plished, the commander returned to his flag-ship, the
fleet spread its sails to the favoring breeze and stood
away to the westward in gallant array. There were the
"Lawrence," the commodore's flag-ship, with twenty
guns; the " Niagara," with twenty guns, under Lieu-
tenant Elliott; the " Caledonia," with three guns,
under Lieutenant Turner; the "Ariel," with four
guns, under Lieiitenant Pickett; the " Scorpion,"
with two guns, under Lieutenant Chamijlin; the
"Somers," with four guns, under Sailing-master
Henry; the "Porcupine," with one gun, under Mid-
shipman Senat; the " Tigress," with one gun, under
Midshipman Gonklin; the " Tripi^e," with one gun,
under Midshipman Holduj). In long procession they
swept past the shores of Brooklyn, Rockport and
Dover, and sailed away in search of the foe, followed
by the hopes and prayers of all the people for the
ardent commander and his gallant crew.

Infer anna li-gcn silent, says the old Roman prov-
erb; that is, amid the clang of arms the laws are pow-
erless. But for all that the Cuyahoga people did not
stop building a court-house because war was going on
around them. On the 10th of September, 1813,
Levi Johnson and some of his hired men were busy
putting the finishing work on the rude temple of jus-
tice which he had contracted to build a year before.
Some of them heard a noise in the distant west, which
was at first supposed to be thunder. Looking up,
however, they were surprised to see no clouds as far
as the eye could reach in every direction. The sounds
continued. Suddenly Johnson exclaimed:

" It's Perry's guns; he's fighting with the British." ,

In a moment all the workmen by common consent
threw down their hammers and nails, scrambled to
the ground and hurried to the lake shore with their
employer at their head. In a short time all the men
of the village, with many of the women and children,
were gathered on the beach, listening to the sounds
of battle. The scene of conflict was seventy miles dis-
tant, but the wind was favorable and the listeners
could not only plainly hear the roll of the broadsides.

PROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

but, when the fire slackeued from time to time, could
distinguish between the heavier and the lighter guns.

At length there was only a dropping fire; one fleet
had evidently succumbed to the other. Finally
heavy shots were heard, and then all was silent.

" Perry has the heaviest guns," exclaimed John-
son; " those are Perry's shots — he has won the day —
three cheers for Perry!"

"Hip, hip, hnrrah!" promptly responded the
crowd, willing to believe the assertion, but yet sepa-
rating with anxions hearts, uncertain what might be
the rosnlt. In fact, the English had some as heavy
guns as the Americans, but not so many of that class.

Not only in Cleveland but all along the lake shore,
among the scattered inhabitants of Dover, Rockport,
Brooklyn and Euclid, the sounds of battle were heard;
the people soon divined that it was not thunder, and
listened with mingled dread and hope to the death-
notes from the west. Nay, even as far east as Erie,
Pennsylvania, a hundred and sixty miles from the
scene, the sounds of the conflict were heard, but mere-
ly as a low rumbling, which was supposed to be dis-
tant thunder.

Soon the welcome news of victory was borne along
the shore, and the people could freely give way to
their exultation. It was not merely joy over the
great nsitional triumph which gladdened their hearts,
though this was deeply felt, but also the knowledge
that, with Lake Erie in the possession of the Ameri-
cans, their homes, their wives and their children were
safe from Bi-itish invasion and Indian foray.

The victory of Harrison over Proctor on the
Thames, accompanied by the death of Tecumseh,
followed on the 5th of October, 1813; making the
assurance of safety doubly sure on the part of the
inhabitants of this frontier. The army of Harrison, or
such j)art of it as was not discharged, soon after went
down to the shores of Lake Ontario, and the tide of war
drifted away from all this region. General Harrison
and Commodore Perry went down the south shore of
Lake Erie to Buffalo, stopping at Cleveland, where
thev were entertained with a banquet, while Judge
Kingsbury bi'ought about the assemblage of a special
meeting of Masons in their honor, at his farm on the

ridge.

The lake was open to a late period that year, and
on the 21st of December the people along the shore
saw the gallant Lawrence sailing down on its way to
Erie, where it became a hospital-ship; being followed
slowly by the captured British vessels, Detroit and
Queen Charlotte.

On New Year's Day, 18 14, the residents of Cuyahoga
county were shocked and startled to learn that, two
days before, the British and Indians had captured
and burned the village of Buffalo, having previously
captured Fort Niagara and devastated the whole
Niagara frontier. For a short time some of the
inhabitants were alarmed lest the foes they had so
long looked for from the west should come up the
shore of the lake from the northeast. But the

invasion was only temporary, and during the suc-
ceeding campaign the tide of war ebbed and flowed
between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, entirely on
Canadian soil, while northern Ohio and the Territory
of Michigan were alike blessed with profound peace.
The only event worthy of mention, occurring in the
county during the year, was of a civil nature; the
incorporation of the village of Cleveland on the 23d
of December, 1814.

But though the immediate pressure of war was
lifted from this region, yet its existence checked
progress and stopped immigration, and it was with
great delight that in the latter part of January, 1815,
the people heard that peace had been made between
the United States and Great Britain by means of the
treaty of Ghent.

CHAPTER XIL

PKOM THa -WAR TO THE CABTAL.

Rapid Development— Erevious Unfavorable Circumstances— Settlement
of Various Townships— Slow Growth of Cleveland- First Bank— Plan-
ning the Canal— A Cuyahoga Man's Idea— The First Newspaper— A
Surprising Phenomenon The " Wallc-in-the- Water "—Improvement
under Difficulties — Articles of Lake Commerce— Names of Lake Ves-
sels—Pennsylvania Wagons— A Fast Man of Yore— The Cleveland i/er-
aid— General Trainings— Wolves and Bears —The Hinkley Hunt — The
Gathering— The Officers— The Skirmish Line —The Advance -The First
Bear— Slaughter of the Deer— Closing up— Furious Fun— The Last
Square Mile— "A Wolf 1 A Wolf ! "—Slaying the Marauders— The
Grand Finale — Number of the Victims — A Line of Stage Coaches —
Stage Coaching Experience— " Going on Foot and Carrying a Kail "—
Increasing Commerce — Legislative Action on the Canal — Alfred Kelley
a Commissioner — Prices of Farm Produce— Fondness for Whisky —
Tne Militia again — Capital Scarce — Various Small Industries — Forma-
tion of Lorain County — Its Organization — The Southwestern Turnpike
—The Medical Society — The Election of IS'ii — The Kinsman Road — A
Mild Winter— Law authorizing the Canal.

The period of fifteen years succeeding the war of
1812 was one of rapid development of the agricultural
portion of the county. Previous to 1815 settlement
had been very slow. At first, people were deterred by
the unfavorable reputation of the region in regard to
sickness. Rumors of Indian war also checked immi-
gration, and the war of 1812 completely stopped it.
But with the close of that war, the certainty that the
Indians were completely subdued and the improving
condition of the county in regard to health, the peo-
ple poured in, in numbers increased by the previous
restraint. Hitherto the settlements had nearly all
been along the lake sliore, but now the hardy pioneers
hastened into all the townships of the county in rapid
succession, even to its southernmost border.

Nearly or quite half of the present civil townships
of Cuyahoga county were both settled and organized
between the beginning of 1815 and the end of 1825.
In nearly every township, not previously occupied,
settlements were begun within five years after the
close of the war. The present township of Chagrin
Falls was settled, though only by a single resident, in
1815. Olmstead and Rockport were both settled in
the same year. Rockport was organized in 1819.

GENERAL HISTORY OV ClTYAiioaA COXJNTY.

Strongsville was settled in 1816 and organized in 1818.
The first pioneers located in Orange in 1815 or '16,
and an organization was effected in 1820. Solon was
settled in the latter year. Bedford was settled in
1813, and Warrensville in 1810. Brecksville had first
been occupied in 1810 and Independence about the
same time. Middleburg was also settled before the
war. The pioneers of all these townships, as well as
those previously settled in the county, were principal-
ly from New England or New York, though occasion-
ally a sturdy Pennsylvania German made his way from
that State, and entered into competition with the keen-
eyed Yankees. Huron county was organized in 1815;
leaving Cuyahoga unencumbered with outside tempo-
rary territory, but still extending to Black river.

Everywhere the axe was heai'd resounding amid the
grand old forest-trees, the smoke from numerous log
cabins was seen rising aboye their tops, and the deer,
the bears and the wolves were rapidly driven back be-
fore the rifles of the advancing pioneers. The stories
of the various localities are told in the township histo-
ries, but the general result was that Cuyahoga county
speedily emerged from the wilderness condition which
had previously characterized the principal part of its
area, and entered on a career of prosperity which has
only seldom been checked from that time to this.

The village of Cleveland, however, showed but a
slight expansion for ten years after the war. The
first bank in the county, the Commercial Bank of
Lake Erie, was organized there in 1816, but it did a
very modest business indeed, and ere long became de-
funct. In 1817, N. H. Merwin built the schooner
"Minerva," the first vessel registered at Washington
from the district of Cuyahoga, under the United
States revenue laws; this being one of the first opera-
tions in the great business of vessel building, which
has since grown to such large proportions.

Meanwhile far-sighted men were looking forward
to the establishment of a great city at the mouth of
the Cuyahoga, and planning the opening of a great
highway of commerce between Lake Erie and the
Ohio river, with one of its termini at the point just
mentioned. New York had already begun to build the
Erie canal, and public opinion in Ohio was turning
toward a similar work. The first resolucion looking
to the construction of a canal from Lake Erie to the
Ohio was introduced into the legislature in 1817,
though the work in question was not begun until
1835.

We may note in passing, as indicative of the
thorough identification of Cuyahoga county with the
most liberal ideas of modern progress, that in 1818
Hon. Alfred Kelley, then a representative from that
county, introduced into the lower house of the legis-
lature a bill to abolish imprisonment for debt, which
is said to have been the first movement of that kind
made in any legislative body in either this country or
Europe. The bill did not at that time become a law,
but it exerted a great influence in calling public at-
tention to that subject, and ere many years had

passed imprisonment for debt was wiped from the
statute-books of all the States of the Union.

On the 31st of July, 1818, the first newspaper was
issued in the county; being called the Cleveland Ga-
zette and Commercial Register. It was intended to
be a weekly sheet, but sometimes ten, twelve or four-
teen days elapsed between its issues.

But a newspaper, although rightly considered an
important institution, was something which every-
body had seen before; on the first day of September
of the same year an entirenovelty — the like of which
not one in five hundred of the inhabitants had ever
before seen — presented itself before the people of
Cuyahoga county. On the day named the residents
along the lake shore of Euclid saw upon the lake a
curious kind of a vessel, making what was then con-
sidered very rapid progress westward, without the aid
of sails, while from a pipe near its middle rolled forth
a dark clond of smoke, which trailed its gloomy
length far into the rear of the swift-gliding, mysterious
traveler over the deep. They watched its westward
course until it turned its prow toward the harbor of
Cleveland, and then returned to their labors. Many
of them doubtless knew what it was, but some shook
their heads in sad surmise as to whether some evil
powers were not at work in producing such a strange
phenomenon as that, on the bosom of their beloved
Lake Erie.

Meanwhile the. citizens of Cleveland perceived the
approaching monster, and hastened to the lake shore
to examine it.

"What is it?" "What is it?" Where did it
come from ? What makes it go ? queried One and
another of the excited throng.

" It's the steamboat, that's what it is ;" cried others
in reply.

" Yes, yes, it's the steamboat; it's the steamboat,"
was the general shout, and with ringing cheers the
people welcomed the first vessel propelled by steam
which had ever traversed the waters of Lake Erie.
The keel had been laid at Black Rock, near Buffalo,
in November, 1817, and the vessel had been built
during tiie spring and summer of 1818. It had re-
ceived the name of "Walk-in-the- Water," from a
Wyandot chieftain who was formerly known by that
appellation ; which was also extremely appi'opriate as
applied to a vessel which did indeed walk in the water
like a thing of life.

This harbinger of the numerous steam-leviathans
of the upper lakes, and of the immense commerce
carried on by them, was of three hundred tons burden,
and could carry a hundred cabin passengers and a still
larger number in the steerage. Its best speed was
from eight to ten miles per hour, and even this was
considered something wonderful. All Cleveland
swarmed on board to examine the new craft, and many
of the leading citizens took passage in it to Detroit,
for which place it soon set forth.

The work of improvement, as we have said, was all
the while going on at a rapid rate although under

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

great dilRculties. Hardship was the expected lot of
the pioneers, hut even in the older sections of the
county, where good farms had been cleared up, the
agriculturist found his vocation an unprofitable one on
account of the difficulty of finding a market for his
products. In fact, for grain there was almost no
market; the only purchasers in this vicinity being the
few hundred traders and mechanics who were concen-
trated at Cleveland and Newburg. Hardly a bushel
of wheat or a barrel of iiour was shipped down the
lake until after the opening of the Erie canal in 1825;
the expense of transportation being so great as to
"eat up" the whole price of the article.

Some cattle were driven overland to Philadelphia or
New York, and hides in considerable quantities, be-
sides the furs of wild animals, were sent down the
lake. From an old marine record we find that the
articles going down the lake at this period (1815 to
1820) taking one vessel after another, comprised furs,
fish, cider, furs, paint, dry goods, furniture, scythes,
furs, grindstones, skins, furs, cider, paint, furs, fish,
household-goods, grindstones, skins, scythes, coffee,
fish, building-stone, crockery, hardware, pork, scythes
and clothing. It is difficult to imagine where the
coffee and some other articles came from, but probably
they had been sent up the lake from the East and were
returned for lack of a market. It will be observed
that neither potash, pearlash nor " black salts," figure
in the list of exports, though these are mentioned by
most of the early settlers I have met as being the
principal cash articles they could produce. It is prob-
able that it was not till after 1816, (the date of the
foregoing list) that black salts, etc., became articles of
export from northern Ohio.

The upward bound freight at the same time con-
sisted of whisky, dry goods, household goods, naval
stores, dry goods, groceries, hardware, salt, fish,
spirits, household goods, mill-irons, salt, tea, whisky,
butter, whisky, coffee, soap, medicines, groceries,
household goods and farm utensils. It will be seen
that a good many classes of articles went both ways,
but no furs nor skins went up the lake.

The lake vessels of the period in question were
almost all schooners, the following being a nearly
complete list: The schooners "Dolphin," "Diligence,"
"Erie," "Pomfret," "Weasel," " Widow's Son,"
"Merry Calvin," "Firefly," "Paulina," "Mink,"
"Merchant," "Pilot," "Rachel," "Michigan," "Nep-
tune," "Hercules," "Croglian," "Tiger," "Aurora,"
"Experiment," "Black Snake," "Ranger," "Fiddler"
and "Champion;" also the sloops "Venus," "Ameri-
can Eagle," "Perseverance," "Nightingale" and
"Black River Packet." The solitary steamer has
already been mentioned.

Whatever freight was brouglit to Cleveland at this
period from the adjoining counties was carried (ex-
cept when there was sleigliing) on big vehicles, called
" Pennsylvania " or "Conestoga" wagons, drawn by
four or six horses. A solid vehicle and a strong team
were absolutely necessary, especially in spring and

autumn, to make any headway at all along the fearful
roads, covered knee-deep or more with mud, which
traversed northern Ohio.

Even in summer these rude highways were by no
means easy to travel. It is narrated that in 181 9 a
resident of Hudson, Summit county, who had a fine
team of which he was especially proud, drove up to
the door of Noble H. Merwin's hotel in Cleveland,
just as the guests of the latter were sitting down to
supper.

"Ah!" said the landlord, "are you just from Hud-
son ?"

"Yes," replied the traveler.

"How long have you been on the road?" queried
Merwin.

"Oh, I came through to-day," responded the other
with manifest pride.

"What!" exclaimed mine host, "came through
from Hudson in one day — you don't say so?"

"Fact, upon honor," responded the owner of the
team.

"Come out here; come out here," cried the excited .
landlord to the occupants of the supper table; "here
is a man who has come through from Hudson to-
day;'' and forthwith all rushed out to gaze on this
extraordinary phenomena. As the distance from
Cleveland to Hudson was only twenty-four miles, it
may be presumed that the roads must have been
something terrible to make such a day's joufney seem
remarkable.

The second newspaper in. the county, and the oldest
one now surviving, was the Cleveland Herald, which
was first published in 1819. In the early files we
have found many incidents bearing upon the history
of the county at that period.

The militia was then an institution of much more
consequence than at present, and tlie number of
divisions, brigades and regiments, with their cor-
responding major-generals, brigadier-generals and
colonels was something almost tremendous. Among
numerous other cases we notice that in June, 1830,
Colonel Daniel Miles was elected brigadier-general in
place of General Lewis R. Dille, of Euclid, resigned.
The "general training" of those days was next to
the 4th of July the great holiday of the summer
season. When a regiment of four hundred or five
hundred men, dressed in sheep's gray and blue jeans,
and many of them in their shirt sleeves, armed with
rifles, muskets and fowling-pieces of every pattern,
stood in irregular line m some convenient meadow,
while the colonel, glorious in brass buttons, with
epaulets as large as tea-plates, and a cocked hat of
tremendous circumference, dashed up and down the
lines on the best farm horse to be obtained for love
or money — ah, then indeed the assembled boyhood of
all the country round felt that the acme of glory had
been reached, and that with such defenders Columbia
was safe from all her foes.

But the most dangerous foes of the people of Cuya-
hoga at this time were not the embattled legions of

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Europe, but the wolves which devoured their sheep
and the bears which ate up their hogs. To reduce
the number of these enemies, to obtain their skins
and to supply themselves with venison, as well as for
the sport afforded, hundreds of young and middle-
aged men made a specialty of hunting during the
winter months.

Bat there were in some localities large tracts which.
Usually on account of their swampy nature, were the
especial resort of wild animals. Occasionally, after
the farmers' sheep had suffered severely from wolves
which harbored in such a tract, the people would turn
out from far and near to sun-ound and clear out the
haunt of the marauders. The most celebrated of all
these grand battues in this part of the State was the
"Hinckley hunt," which took place in December,
1818. The township of Hinckley, which was the
scene of the great raid, was just outside of Cuyahoga
county; lying immediately south of Royalton, and
being now the northeasternmost township of Medina
county — yet as huntsmen participated in it from all
parts of Cuyahoga, even from as far as Euclid, we
have chosen it as a specimen of the onslaughts occa-
sionally made on the denizens of the forest by the
pioneers of northei'n Ohio.

Notice having been given throughout Cuyahoga and
Medina counties, including the present county of
Summit, nearly five hundred hunters, all eager for
the fray, assembled one cold morning in December on
the borders of the wolf-haunted township. A com-
mander in chief was chosen by universal suffrage, as
well as four captains, one for each side of the area to
be enclosed. 'Squire Perj-is, of Royalton, was the
captain on the northern side. Then the commander
sent his companies to the right and left, and in due
time the whole township was enclosed by what in mil-
itary phrase would be called a skirmish line, with the
men fifteen or twenty rods apart. There was at that
time only one family living in Hinckley ; so that the
assailants had a clear field.

Next, the word was started from the northeast cor-
ner of the township, "All ready."

"All ready," repeated the men, one after another,
and the word quickly went around the townshiji and
came back to the northeast corner.

" Forward march ! " shouted the chief. " Forward
march ! " rej^eated the men in succession, and the
four lines moved forward toward the center of the
township. At intervals along the Hue good woods-
men were placed, with special instructions to take a
straight direction to the center of Hinckley, to whose
movement the others were directed to conform, grad-
ually closing up as they progressed. The venerable
Abial Haynes, of Strongsville, though then but a
youth, was one of the linesmen, or "guides," and has
given us a description of the principal events of this
exciting day.

Ere the lines had marched a mile toward the center
a few deer were seen, a jiart of which were killed
while others sped away in the opposite direction from

the crackling rifles. After the first mile bears began
to be observed. Mr. Haynes and John Hilliard met
one and both fired at once, at a distance of a few rods.
Both balls struck him and he fell, but immediately
scrambled up and "loped" back into the forest. He
was soon killed, however, and was found to weigh
six hundi'ed pounds ; being almost as heavy as a small
ox.

The lines marched on and deer became extremely
numerous, while bear were quite frequent. There
was a continuous fusilade along the line as bucks,
and does, and fawns fell in rapid succession before the
rifles of the hunters. Those that did not fall gener-
ally ran back from the line of death-dealing riflemen,
but occasionally some brave old buck would fling his
antlered head aloft, burst through the line of his foes,
perchance escape their bullets, and dash away to seek
a more healthy residence.

Turkies, too, flew up in enormous numbers; so that
it was said in somewhat exaggerated phrase that every
bullet fired that day killed a turkey. Turkies and
deer were so numerous that their deaths caused no
excitement, but when a bear curled up to die a tri-
umphant shout was raised by his conquerors, which
was echoed far along the line.

All this while not a wolf was to be seen ; the wary
rascals snuffed danger from afar and retreated as fast
as possible from the sound of the deadly rifle's. As
wolves were the very animals it was most desirable to
kill, some disappointment was felt at their non-ap-
pearance, but the old hunters were certain they had
retreated toward the center and encouraged the others
to press on.

When within about two miles of the middle of the
township the fun became fast and furious The men
were now but four or five rods apart and it was very
difficult for anything to escape between them. Never-
theless, at one time fifty or sixty deer, in one fright-
ened herd, made a dash at the line ; the antlered lead-
ers bounding five or six feet from the ground, and all
snorting with frantic terror. Most of them escaped,
in spite of the rattling fusilade with which they were
assailed on either side. ScarDe a moment passed iu
which a deer was not seen bounding with all the speed
of terror through the forest, or a bear limbering
along at his best pace, but far too slowly to escape
the vengeance of his unsparing foes. Crack ! crack !
went the rifles with scarcely a moment's intermission;
corpses strewed the ground on every side and the ex-
cited hunters, with all the enthusiasm of victorious
soldiers, pressed forward with flying feet.
Still no wolves.

When the last square mile in the center of the
township was reached the deer had entirely disap-
peared ; all were slain or had broken through the
lines and escaped. The bears, too, had Jbecome scarce;
only three or four being killed on the last square
mile. The men were now within a few paces of each
other, and eager as so many bloodhounds. At length
a gaunt gray form was seen gliding among the trees.

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

"A wolf! a wolf!" cried those who saw it. Half
a dozen rifles were fired at ouce, and the enemy of the
sheep-fold was numbered with the slain. Another
and another were soon seen and dispatched. As the
deadly lines, now closing into a circle, pressed forward
to the center, the grisly prowlers were seen running
hither and thither, as terrified as the lamhs they had
formerly pursued. Caution was now necessary lest
the bullets of the hunters should wound their friends
on the other side of the circle, but caution was a dif-
ficult virtue among such an excited and jubilant
crowd. However, it must have been exercised to
some extent ; for none of the hunters were killed or
wounded.

At last the triumphant riflemen closed swiftly in
together, the last wolf went down beneath their
bullets, the circle became a band, and a succession of
ringing cheers gave vent to their excited feelings.

On counting up their victims, eight wolves were
found (all killed on the last square mile); a number
which, though not large in comparison with that of
the other animals, was sufficieut to carry destruction
into hundreds of flocks of sheep.

Twenty bears were also found " weltering in their
gore " on the fleld of battle, eighteen of which were
drawn together and flung into a shaggy heap. Of
deer, no less than two hundred and sixty were drawn
together in the same manner. The hunters certainly
could not complain that this was " not a good day
for deer." As we have befoi'e mentioned, many of
these fleet-footed foresters escaped, but Mr. Haines
stated that he believed that all of the bears and wolves
in the township were killed. At all events the hunt
completely broke up the haunt of wolves which had
previously existed there, and for a time, at least, there
was peace for the neighboring sheep.

There were other grand battues of the same descrip-
tion in and near the county, but the Hinckley hunt
was the most celebrated and most successful of them
all, and its description will suffice for either of the
others.

In 1820 a step farther in advance was made when
a line of coaches was put on the route from Cleveland
to Columbus, passing through the townships of Brook-
lyn, Parma, the corner of Royalton, Strongsville,
and so on through Medina county. Those were dire-
ful times for travelers. In summer the big coaches
bowled along with comparative ease, save when one
of the wheels jolted over the root of an overshadowing
oak, or collided with the stump of a lately felled
beech. Even these disturbances did not prevent the
closely packed passengers from beguiling their way
with many a pleasant tale, until " stage-coach stories "
have become renowned for their wit and jollity. In
winter, too, by curling up in the bottom of the sleigh,
surrounded with plenty of buffalo and bear skins,
the travelers could generally manage to perform
their journey with considerable rapidity, and without
more discomfort than an occasional " frosted " ear or
nose.

But alas for the unfortunate man doomed to a
stage-coach journey in the spring or fall. He was
sure to be called on to go on foot a large portion of
the time, and was often expected to shoulder a rail
and carry it from mudhole to mudhole, to pry out the
vehicle in which he was in theory supposed to be rid-
ing. " To go on foot and carry a rail," and to pay a
stage company for the privilege, was a mode of trav-
eling very widely celebrated but extremely unpleasant.
Not only were roads poor but bridges were scarce.
There was not one across the Cuyahoga river in the
county. A notice was published in April, 1820, by
which "all having an interest in or wishes concerning
the building of a bridge across the river at or near
Cleveland are requested to meet at the court-house,
to consult in relation thereto."

As a marked example of what must seem to our
readers the extreme slowness with which the news was
carried in those days, we may mention that while King
George the Third, of England, died on the 39th day
of January, 1830, the announcement of his death was
not made in the Cleveland Herald until the 28th of
March, (two months lacking a day after the event
took place).

The commerce of the lake slowly but steadily in-
creased. The Herald of April 25, 1830, reported the
following clearances at the "port of Cuyahoga" in a
single week: Cleared; schooner "Pairplay," Johnson
master, loaded with pork, flour, whisky and passen-
gers; schooner " Commodore Perry," Tayler master,
for Detroit, loaded with flour, beef, cattle, etc.;
schooner "American Eagle," Gaylord master, loaded
with produce; schooner "Friendship," Kelly master,
also loaded with produce. The arrival of some of the
same vessels from Detroit was noted, but the nature
of their cargoes was not mentioned.

It will be observed that flour is spoken of as going
both up and down the lake. In the latter case it was
doubtless used by the garrisons of the posts on the
upper lakes, or by the settlers of Michigan who had
not yet raised crops. This was about the beginning
of the great trade in grain and breadstuffs along the
upper lakes, which has already grown to such enor-
mous proportions.

In this year (1830) the first legislative action was
taken in regard to the construction of a canal from
Lake Erie to the Ohio river. An act was passed by
the legislature providing for the appointment of three
canal commissioners, who were authorized to employ
a competent engineer and assistants, for the purpose
of making preliminary surveys of some of the routes
considered most available for the proposed work.

In 1833 Hon. Alfred Kelly, of Cleveland, was ap-
pointed one of the canal commissioners, and for many
years thereafter was busily and zealously engaged in
forwarding the construction of the canal, and in other
public services. Hon. James G-eddcs,-of New York,
one of the principal engineers of the Erie canal, was
employed to make a survey of the routes of the Ohio
canal.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Prices of all kinds of farm produce were exceeding-
ly low; the following being a list of the prices paid in
Cleveland in January, 1823: Flour, two dollars and
a half per barrel; wheat, thirty-seven cents to fifty
cents per bushel; rye, thirty-one cents; corn, twenty-
five cents; oats, nineteen cents; beans, fifty cents;
flax seed, fifty cents; peas, forty-four to fifty cents;
rye, thirty-one cents; butter, eight to ten cents per
pound; cheese, four to six cents; lard, four to five
cents; pork, two to three and a half cents; beef, three
to four cents; tallow, eight to ten cents; whisky,
twenty to twenty-six cents per gallon; wood, thirty
to fifty cents per cord; hay, six to seven dollars per
ton.

It was pretty hard to raise wheat and sell it for
thirty-seven cents a bushel, but on the other hand
with whisky only twenty cents a gallon the people
were doubtless reasonably happy. For there is no
use in evading the unquestionable fact — the sturdy
pioneers who destroyed the wild beasts, leveled the
forests and subdued the virgin soil of Cuyahoga
county, were as a general rule decidedly fond of
whisky. Every township had one or more distilleries,
where the article was manufactured in the cheapest
possible manner, and each had plenty of customers
in its own vicinity. Whisky was an important item
at every "raising" or "logging-bee," or other assem-
blage of the people, and was in frequent use in the
houses of the most reputable classes.

It should be remembered, however, that men who
spent twelve hours a day chopping, logging, plowing,
splitting rails, etc., could more easily "work off" the
effect of frequent drams of liquor than could their
degenerate descendants, who think eight hours consti-
tutes a hard day's work, and many of whom do no
hard work at all.

General training was one of the occasion^ at which
a liberal use of whisky was considered to be tlie proper
thing, notwithstanding the requirements of discipline.
The officers couldn't keep whisky out of camp,
although there was an abundant supply of those dig-
nitaries. This was a part of the ninth division, Ohio
militia. Among the numerous notices and orders
which appeared within a few months, in 1823, we
observe one directing the members of the first com-
pany of cavalry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio
militia, to hold an election for company officers at the
court-house; signed by the brigadier-general, per
John W. Wiley, aide. Also one requiring the first
artillery company of the first regiment, fourth brigade,
etc., to meet to elect officei's; signed by P. M. Wed-
dell, captain. Another ordering the company officers
of the first regiment, etc., to meet to elect a major;
signed by P. Baldwin, colonel.

A short time afterwards the following staff and
non-commissioned-staff officers of the" first regiment
were announced by II. Wellman, colonel: Donald
Mcintosh, surgeon; S. A. Henderson, surgeon's
mate; Euney R. Baldwin, adjutant; John H. Camp,
(|uartermaster; Horace Perry, i)aymastor; William

S. Chapman, sergeant-major; John 0. Millard, fife-
major; Barzilla B. Burk, drum-major.

Capital of all kinds was scarce, and this fact of
course retarded the general progress of the county.
Yet the absence of large amounts of capital encour-
aged men with a little money to embark in various
small industries, in different parts of the county,
which have now passed away. If a man wanted to
start a little business of any kind, and had barely
enough to begin with, he could go ahead in compara-
tive safety; there was no danger of any "bloated cap-
italist" crushing out his enterprise by driving him
into a hopeless competition.

Thus Leonard Marsilliott, of Euclid, for a long
time maintained a stoneware factory in that township,
which had a wide reputation for the excellence of its
productions. A little later there was a ship and boat-
building establishment in the same township, more
fully described in tlio special history of Euclid. An-
other industry of the period (1832, etc.) — a somewhat
curious one — was. a castor-oil factory, situated in the
township of Brooklyn, a mile from Cleveland. That
fragrant business, we imagine, has entirely passed
away from the county.

We now come to a material change in the western
boundaries of Cuyahoga county. By a law passed on
the 36th day of December, 1833, the county of Lorain
was established. It embraced a large part of Huron
county, and took from Cuyahoga the townships of
Troy (now Avon), Ridgeville, Eaton, Columbia, and
the west part of Lenox (now Olmstead). It will be
observed that Troy (Avon) and Eidgeville then ex-
tended to Black river, which was the western bound-
ary of Cuyahoga county.

The new county was not organized at that time,
and the townships named in the last paragraph re-
mained temporarily attached to Cuyahoga county. A
list of the civil townships of the latter county, which
appeared in October, 1833, was as follows: Cleveland,
Chagrin (now Willoughby), Brooklyn, Brecksville,
Bedford, Columbia, Dover, Euclid, Eaton, Independ-
ence, Mayfield, Nowburg, Orange, Ridgeville, Royal-
ton, Rockport, Strongsville,. Troy (Avon), and War-
i-ensville. Nineteen in all; the same number as there
are at present (aside from Cleveland) — the number of
those which have been detached having been made
good by new formations.

On the first day of April, 1834, Lorain county was
duly organized, and the territory above described was
permanently detached from Cuyahoga county. The
west half of Lenox (Olmstead) was then made a part
of Ridgeville, Lorain county, while the east half was
attached to Middleburg, Cuyahoga county.

We said the territory in question was "perma-
nently " detached from Cuyahoga county. That is
to say, the detachment was intended to be permanent,
but in regard to the west half of Lenox it was not so.
The residents of Lenox were much dissatisfied with
the decree which had cut tlieir thriving young town-
ship in twain, and had placed the severed halves in

'l^Y.^^''^-

-=^

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

two drfEerenfc counties, and three years later they pro-
cured the passage of an act, dated January 29, 1827,
by which the west half of the township ia question
was set back into Cuyahoga, where the two portions,
once more united, became the township of Olmstead,
as narrated iu its special history. The facts men-
tioned in this paragraph are a little in advance of the
poriod allotted to the present chaptei-, but we want to
close the account in regard to the western boundary
of the county. No changes have been made in it
from the roannexation of the west half of Lenox to
tlio present time.

From a casual record we learn that the white males,
over twenty-one years of age, resident in Cuyahoga
county in 1823, numbered sixteen hundred and fifty-
five; an average of eighty-seven to each of the nine-
teen townships.

Another record of the same year mentions that the
State had directed the laying out of a "free road"
from Cleveland through Newburg, Bedford and
Solon, and so on southeast, striking the Ohio river in
Columbiana county. Samuel Cow]es, Esq., of Cleve-
land, was one of the commissioners to lay it out.

The first movement was also made this year to
turnpike the stage road running from Cleveland
sou^thwest thropgh Brooklyn, Parma and Strongsville;
and thence through Medina to Wooster, the county
seat of Wayne county. A company was formed,
called the Wayne, Medina and Cuyahoga Turnpike
Company, and in April, 1823, the books were opened
to receive subscriptions to the stock. The move-
ment was a success, and the turnpike in question
became one of the great highways of the State.

By this time, thirteen years after the advent of Dr.
David Long, the first physician in the county, the
doctors of this and Medina counties (which, by a law
of the State, constituted the nineteenth medical dis-
trict of Ohio) had become sufficiently numerous to
organize a medical society, and did so in May, 1823.
Dr. Long was the first president.

In the autumn of 1824 took place the great quad-
rangular contest for the presidency between Henry
Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and John
C. Calhoun. The. last named gentleman received no
votes in this county. Of the others, strange as it
may seem, Jackson received very few votes; the
strength of the county being divided between Clay.and
Adams, with the former as a decided favorite. The
following table shows the vote by townships. The
township of Chagrin (now Willoughby) was included
in the list, casting ninety-eight votes, but we have
omitted it in order to show the number cast in the
territory now constituitng Cuyahoga county, except
the west half of Olmstead, then attached to Lorain
county, and containing but very few voters.

TOWNSHIPS. OLAr. ADAMS. JACKSON. TOTAL.

Bedford...... 20 .. 20

Brooklyn 39 5 U

BrecksviUe m 18 36

Cleveland 64 43 5 112

Dover 22 11 .. 33

Euclid 38 75 16 129

Independence 19 2 21

Mayfleld 14 1 15

Middleburg 12 .. 12

Newburg 57 49 106

Orange 22 22

Rockport 26 1 .. 27

Eoyalton 44 44

Strongsville 2.3 1 24

Warrensville 4 12 4 20

Aggregate 442 218 25 CKi

It will, perhaps, surprise some of our readers to
learn that as late as 1824 the township of Euclid cast
seventeen votes (about fifteen per cent.) more than
Cleveland, but such was the fact. While the agri-
cultural townships made steady progress after the
war of 1812, the growth of Cleveland was extremely
slow down to the year 1825. It should be remembered,
however, that Euclid at that time iucluded the
greater part of the present township of East Cleve-
land.

In this year (1824) an act was passed directing the
laying out of another State road; running from
Cleveland through Warrensville and Orange, and
thence nearly due east to Kinsman, on the eastern
line of the State. It was called the Kinsman road,
and the westernmost part of it is now kuown as
Kinsman street, in the city of Cleveland.

The winter of 1824-5 was celebrated for its mild-
ness, and the Cleveland Herald of December Sth re-
cords that violets, pinks and marigolds were tlien in
bloom, that pea vines had pods half-grown upon them,
and most remarkable of all that ripe strawberries,
grown in the open air, had lately been brought into
the office.

During the previous five years engineers had been
at work, more or less, making preliminary surveys
for the great Ohio canal. Public opinion, too, had
been steadily growing more favorable to the proposed
enterprise, and at length, on the 4th of February,
1825, a law was passed authorizing the canal com-
missioners tobaild acanal along the Scioto and Musk-
ingum valleys, and thence north to Lake Erie. The
commissioners were left free to choose, as to the
northern part, between the route by the Cuyahoga
valley to Cleveland, and that through Wooster, and
down the valley of Black river to its mouth. The
seven commissioners (of whom Alfred Kelley, of
Cleveland, was one of the most influential), reported
in favor of the superior cheapness and convenience of
the Cuyahoga route, and it was formally adopted.

This opens a new era in the history of the county,
and we will, therefore, at this point begin a new
chapter.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIII.

PKOGRBSB, INFIiATIOKT AND "HARD TIMES."

Work begun on the Canal— Growth of Cleveland— Completion of Erie
Canal— First Appropriation for Harbor— The " Superior " — Increasing
Business— '"Black Salts "—Cleveland and Newburg— Contest over
Court-House— Cleveland Successful — Erecting' New Court House —
" The Blue Jug "—Cuyahoga County Colonizition Society— The Canal
opened to Akron— Celebration under Difificulties— Trade with the
Northwest— A County Wolf-Bounty— Horse Thieves and Counter-
feiters—Discount on Bank Bills— Hard Times for Creditors— Bails at
Ten Cents Each— Sale of Western Reserve School Lands— Land begins
to rise- Laying out of Ohio City— Modest Eailroads— Others not so
Modest— The Ohio Railroad— The Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus
Road— The Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg Road— The "Flush
Times "—Immense Increase of Paper Money- Inflation of Values-
Special Speculation on the Cuyahoga— The Climax in 1830— The Great
Crash in 1837— Failure of Banks and Individuals— Stoppage of Public
Works- 'Hard Times"— The Patriot War-Deer feeding with the
Cows.

Work was speedily commenced at various points
along the route of the canal; ground being broken at
Cleveland on the 4th of July, 1835. At that time
begins the rapid growth of Cleveland. Though laid
out nearly thirty years before, it was in 1825 a mere
village of five or six hundred inhabitants; but from
the beginning of the Ohio canal to the present time
its growth has been one of the marvels even of the
marvelous West.

In the autumn of the same year the Erie canal was
completed, and boats were set running between
Albany and Buffalo. This opened a market for those
agricultural productions of northern Ohio which could
reach the lake, and a decided improvemeut in prices
was the result. In this year, also, the first appropri-
ation was made by the general goveroment for a
harbor at Cleveland. The circumstances connected
with its construction are given in detail in the history
of the city.

The "Walk-in-the- Water" had been wrecked, but
a new steamer, the " Superior," had taken its place.
In 1836 the "Henry Clay" came out, and from that
time there was a very rapid growth of the steam
marine on Lake Erie.

All these things greatly increased the travel over
the roads of Cuyahoga county. Not only were
the farmers of the county eager to reach a port
where they could exchange their productions for
imported articles, but the slow Pennsylvania Germans
of northeastern Ohio, in large numbers, drove their big
wagons, with enormously- wide tires, over the muddy
roads through Orange, Solon, WaiTcnsville, Bedford,
Newburg, etc., to the mouth of the Cuyahoga; inquir-
ing there for "de John Blair vat kips de vite fishes,"
a favorite dealer of the olden time. There they
unloaded their flour and wheat, and loaded up with
fish, salt, etc. Sometimes three barrels of flour were
given for one barrel of salt.

By this time the manufacture of "black salts,"
potash and pearlash had become an important indus-
try. The clearing of the land of timber furnished
an immense quantity of ashes on nearly every farm;
for even those who had quite old locations were con-
stantly clearing off new lots. The ashes being

leached, the ley was boiled down into a dark solid,
known as "black salts." This was usually sold to
the owner of a local ashery, frequently the village
merchant, who made it into potash or pearlash and
sent it east for sale. It could be transported at slight
expense, and would always bring cash at some price:
consequently many a farmer who could only trade his
wheat or oats for "store-pay" of some kind, was
obliged to depend on his " black salts" for the money
to pay his taxes, and for a few other necessary ex-
penses which must be met with cash.

By 1836 the people had become satisfied that anew
court-house was indispensable for the rising business
of the county. As on the erection of the first one in
1813, so again, there was a sharp dispute whether the
new one should be located at Cleveland or Newburg.
For a long time the latter had been superior to the
former in population, business and prosperity. Cleve-
land was now increasing much the more rapidly, and
bade fair to be an important place, yet Newburg was
more centrally located, and a large proportion of the
inhabitants favored the removal of the county-seat to
that point.

The power to make the location was vested in. the
county commissioners. One of these died, and of the
two others, one favored Cleveland and' one Newburg
as the county seat. An election to fill the vacancy
came off in 1836. It turned entirely on the county-
seat question, one candidate being a friend of Cleve-
land and one of Newburg, and a very hot contest was
the result. The Cleveland man was elected by a
small majority.

The next year, 1837, a new, brick court-house was
begun, situated in the southwest part of the public
square at Cleveland, across the street from the front
of the present Forest City House. It Avas completed
in 1828, and the first court was held in it on the 38th
of October in that year. This was the scene of the
administration of justice for Cuyahoga county for
thirty years. It was a two-story brick building, with
a wooden cupola., standing with its face toward the
lake, and was considered a very elegant structure.
The lower atory was divided into rooms for the ac-
commodation of the various county officers, while the
upper story served as a court room.

Four years later a substantial stone jail was erected
on the ground south of the southwest corner of the
square; being in rear of the court-house and across
the street from it. This was a gloomy-looking struc-
ture, and was commonly called " The Blue Jucr."

Among the events of fifty years ago, one which
now seems separated by an immense gulf from the
ideas of the present day was the organization, in
1837, of the Cuyahoga County Colonization Society;
a branch of the national institution of that name, de-
signed to promote the removal of the colored people
to Africa. It was generally considered to be favor-
able to their freedom, as it was supposed that many
Southerners would be willing to emancipate their
slaves if assured that they would not remain in the

PROGRESS, INI*LATI0N AND "HARD TIMES."

country; yet the strong abolitionists were decidedly
opposed to it.

At the meeting for the purpose of organization,
in this county, an address was delivered by the Rev.
"William Stone, and a prayer by the Rev. S. J. Brad-
street. Samuel Oowles, Esq., was chosen president;
Rev. Randolph Stone, Hon. Nemiah Allen, Datus
Kelley, Josiah Barber and Gen. Lewis R. Dille, vice
presidents; A. W. Walworth, treasurer; James S.
Clarke, secretary, and Mordecai Bartley, delegate to
the national society.

On the Fourth of July in this year, (1827,) just two
years after ground was broken on the Ohio canal at
Cleveland, it was technically "opened for naviga-
tion" from Cleveland to Akron with a grand celebra-
tion. It was opened under difficulties, however; for
the two northernmost locks, which connected the
canal with the Cuyahoga river at Cleveland, were not
yet completed.

But Noble H. Merwin, of the last named place,
was determined that there should be a big celebration,
not only over the canal but on the canal, on the
Fourth of July of that year. So he had the canal-
packet " Pioneer " brought from Buifalo, took it up
the I'iver above the locks, and hauled it with teams
over the embankment into the canal. Thence a large
party of the principal people of Cleveland went up
the canal on the "' Pioneer," till they met the boat
"Allen Trimble," from Akron, having on board the
person for whom it was named, who was then gov-
ernor of Ohio, together with the canal commission-
ers and many others from the central parts of the
S tate.

Flags fluttered gayly in the breeze, cannon thun-
dered their boisterous welcome, speeches full of roseate
prophesy were made, and all were intensely enthusi-
astic over the great event of the day. Such enthusi-
asm over such a cause may seem overstrained in these
fast times, when railroads have absorbed nearly all
the commerce of this region, and the canals are
looked on as extremely old fogyish institutions.
Nevertheless the Fourth day of July, 1837, was a great
day for northern Ohio. An immense tract, previ-
ously almost entirely isolated, was provided with the
means of. transporting its produce to the markets of
the East, and every kind of business showed an im-
mediate and very marked improvement in conse-
quence. It is doubtful if railroads would have been
built as soon as they were, had not the wealth of the
country first been largely increased by the construc-
tion of canals.

The Ohio canal was completed through the State
in five years afterward, and its increased business
nearly all poured through Cuyahoga county to seek
Lake Erie.

Besides the trade with the East, which was so rap-
idly being developed at this period, there was also a
strong demand for breadstuft's and other articles to
send to the distant regions of the Northwest, which
the farmers farther up the lakes were unable to sup-

ply. In 1827 the Hudson Bay Company advertised
for a thousand bushels of white, flint corn, two hun-
dred bushels of other corn, and two hundred barrels
of flour, besides considerable quantities of salt, pork,
tallow, tobacco, highv/ines, etc. Large quantities of
produce were also sent to emigrants in Michigan
and other Territories, who had not yet raised crops
large enough for their own support.

Notwithstanding all this commercial activity, and
notwithstanding the zeal of tlie pioneers with their
rifles, wolves still glided through the forest in many
townships, and made rapid slaugliter upon any un-
guarded sheep they could discover. In 1827 the
county commissioners offered a bounty of fifteen dol-
lars for the scalp of every wolf slain in the county.
Many of tlie townships also gave from five to ten dol-
lars per scalp, so that wolf-hunting was sometimes
quite a profitable business.

Crimes, too, were not unknown in those "good old
times," to which so many look back with fond regret
as to an Elysian age. Perhaps there were not as
many high-toned criminals — official defaulters and
gentlemanly murderers — as there are now, but good,
plain thieves were as plentiful as any reasonable per-
son could desire. The more daring class devoted
themselves largely to horse-stealing, and throughout
the West the professors of that art were united in a
great fraternity, members of which, of ajiparently re-
spectable character, were to bo found in nearly every
township. Many a horse, which suddenly left its
owner's pasture in the dark and was followed with hue
and cry l>y himself and his neighbors, went no farther
than the next township, where it was quietly kejDt till
the storm had blown over, in the stable of some re-
spectable justice of the peace or venerable deacon of
the church.

The less courageous or more skillful rascals usually
devoted themselves to the manufacture of counterfeit
money. The " dollar of our fathers " was very apt
to be a bogus article. There were reported to be
places where bad money was coined in Brecksville, in
Royalton, in Middleburg, and doubtless in other
secluded localities. The machinery of the Middle-
burg institution was found, long after it had been
abandoned, on a small island in the midst of a large
swamp in that township. Counterfeit half-dollars
were the favorite productions of these unlawful mints,
though other silver coins were frequently imitated.
It was said that large orders for bad silver came from
Pennsylvania, where no bank-bills of less than five
dollars were allowed to circulate. Prosecutions were
extremely difficult, as the criminals were frequently
men of some local and political influence, and "straw
bail " was readily accepted by the officials.

We do not learn so much about counterfeiting bank-
bills in those days; partly, doubtless, because that
business required more expense and skill than was
available in this region, and partly because Ohio bank
bills were so poor that it was not very profitable to
counterfeit them. Tlie ordinary discount on them in

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1830 wtis from twenty-five to thirty per cent., and in
some cases it was much larger. A respectable rascal
would naturally be ashamed to counterfeit such
money as that.

Debts against individuals were frequently even less
valuable than these heavily discounted bank-bills.
We have noticed in a previous chapter that a repre-
sentative from Cuyahoga county made the first
movement ever made — so far as known — looking to
the abolition of imprisonment for debt. By 1830
Ohio had gone to the extreme of liberality toward
debtors, and by means of stay-laws and provisions
for appraisals had made it almost impossible to collect
an account under any circumstances.

A Cleveland merchant had a claim of seventy-
five dollars against a resident of Middleburg. Being
unable to collect it, he sued it, obtained a judgment
and directed a Middleburg constable to sell the per-
sonal property of the defendant. At the time fixed
for the sale the Clevelander went out on horseback
to attend it. By law the constable was authorized to
appraise the property at what he might consider a
reasonable price, and below which it could not be
sold. When the creditor arrived, he found that the
complaisant oflicial had appraised an old watch, worth
about five dollars, at twenty dollars; a dog, probably
worth five cents, at ten dollars; a lot of rails at ten
cents each, and other things in proportion. Of
course a sale was impossible, as no one would bid
half of the appraised value, and the unlucky creditor
returned home in disgust; the only result of the trip
being that his horse had torn off, on the corduroy
which formed a large portion of the road, three
of the four new shoes which guarded his feet on
starting.

Among the various cessions of land occurring in
connection with the final settlement of the title to
the Northwestern Territory, congress assigned fifty-
six thousand acres in what was known as the Virginia
Military District, for the benefit of the schools of the
Western Reserve. In 1831, Harvey Rice, Esq., of
Cleveland, was appointed an agent by the State to
convert tiiem into money. He opened an ofiice at
Millersburg, Holmes county, in the district in ques-
tion, and in three years sold all the lands and paid
into the treasury of the State about a hundred and
fifty tliousand dollars, to be devoted to the exclusive
purpose of educating the children of the Western Re-
serve.

By 1831, land began to rise throughout the country,
in consequence of the stimulus supplied by iuternal
improvements, especially canals, which were being
constructed in numerous localities. The rise was
especially noticeable wherever it was supposed that a
citymiglit be constructed, and the point at the mouth
of the Cuyahoga was not neglected. An association
of Buffalonians, known as the Buffalo Company,
bought a tract on the west side of the river, and soon
afterwards "Ohio City" was laid out at that point.
Farmers, too, began to think that they were to be-

come wealthy by the rise of their land, and at every
little village, especially along the canals and rivers,
people began to discuss the probability of the con-
struction of a large town there.

In 1832, the Ohio canal was finished from Lake
Erie to the Ohio river, and its commerce rapidly in-
creased to large proportions. In two years after its
completion the freight carried upon it amounted to
half a million bushels of wheat, a hundred thousand
barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and near
seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other things
m proportion. Even this would not be considered
very remarkable now, but at that time it made the
people stare with wonder and filled their minds with
hopes of unlimited riches.

In 1834 a proposition was made to incorporate a
city which should include both Cleveland and Ohio
City, but the leading men on the two sides of the
river were unable to agree on the terms of union or
the boundaries, and the whole project fell through.

In 1835 the first railroad, the Cleveland and New-
burg, was incorporated in the county. It was built
soou afterwards, and was operated for several years,
though only by horse power ; being used for hauling
stone and lumber, and occasionally for the carriage of
passengers. The Cleveland and Bedford railroad was
also incorporated the same year, but was never built.

It will be seen that the first beginnings of railroad-
ing in this region were very modest, and such were
generally its characteristics throughout the country.
People planned canals hundreds of miles in length,
and constructed them according to the plans, but
railroads were awe-inspiring undertakings, and men
usually built them from one village to the next one ;
if that operation worked well they extended the work
to another village, and so on. But in this wide-awake
region they soon grew more enterprising; as will
speedily be seen.

Another cautious attempt at railroading was made
about the same time by constructing a tramway, with
wooden rails and operated by horse-power, running
from the public square at Cleveland up Euclid street,
(avenues were then unknown,) and out on the Euclid
road, four miles, to the " Doan's Corners" of the early
settlers, which "high-toned" people then began to
call " East Cleveland."

But the tide of enterprise and even of reckless
speculation was rapidly rising, and a much more am-
bitious project, rather an exception to the usual rail-
road enterprises of the day, was soon set on foot.
This was the " Ohio Railroad," designed to run from
the Pennsylvania line to Toledo, close along the lake
shore ; a large part of it being intended to be on piles.
Considerable work was done on it, but no iron was
laid, and it was abandoned at the time of the great
crash which will be mentioned a little farther on. Its
corporate rights were transferred to the Junction Rail-
road Company, and through it to the Cleveland and
Toledo, and finally to the Lake Shore and Southern
Michigan Company.

" -"»JW ty •\„„.,„l S^M'

PHoaRESS, INI'LATION AND "HARD TIMES."

At the same prolific period a project was started for
a railroad from Cleveland to Cincinnati. The late
Hon. John Barr visited Cincinnati, getting up peti-
tions in favor of the road, and also spent considerable
time at Columbus. The legislature of 1836 readily
granted a charter for the proposed road, and also one
for the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road, and
Mr. Barr brought the first copies of both charters to
Cleveland. The last mentioned road was to run from
Cleveland through Warren to the State line, connect-
ing there with a road to Pittsburg, or to any other
point on the Ohio river.

Its charter was extremely liberal, and is a good
specimen of the kind of legislation prevalent in those
halcyon days. It allowed the president and directors
to create and sell stock as in their judgment the occa-
sion might require, without limit as to amount, except
that it must not exceed the needs of the company.
They had also full power to select a route, condemn
land, occupy the road, and transport persons or prop-
erty by steam, animal or other power. The projectors
were as modest in the estimate of cost, however, as
could well be desired. They calculated the expense at
seven thousand dollars per mile, though in fact it was
more likely to have been twenty thousand.

These were the celebrated "flush times; " the period
when speculation raged more fiercely — when every
one got richer on paper — ^than was ever the case in the
United States either before or since. John Law's
Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubble, as exploit-
ed among the excitable French, could alone outdo the
great land-speculation and business-speculation of
1835, '36 and '37.

The closing of the United States Bank had been
followed by the chartering of an immense number of
State banks, some of which had a small amount of
capital, more of which had a still smaller amount,
and most of which had substantially no capital at all.
In the West and South this was peculiarly the case,
though the Bast was by no means free from it. The
poorer a region was the more banks it had. Their
paper was accepted everywhere with the most sublime
confidence; private credit was almost unlimited, busi-
ness was going ahead at a tremendous rate, and every-
body was getting rich— in imagination— with unpar-
alleled speed. Eras of inflation, somewhat similar in
general character to that one, have been known since
then, but none that approached it in the degree of
expansion.

Of course any place marked out by nature for the
site of a great city was, with its vicinity, the scene of
au especial energy of speculation. The location at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga was not only thus desig-
nated by nature, but, by the construction of the canal,
had been made in the eyes of the public the future
great city of northern Ohio.

This was enough. . It made no difference to the
speculators that northern Ohio could not then sustain
a large city; that there was neither agriculture, man-
ufactures uor even commerce to produce sucli a re-

sult. Their own roseate hopes colored everything
on which they looked, and they saw the few thou-
sand people already there expanding to a hundred
thousand with unspeakable rapidity; while stately
churches, palatial residences and six-story business
blocks should overshadow the turbid waters and
adorn the rolling uplands of the Cuyahoga. Those
of them who lived long did see all this, but not then.
The climax of the speculation was in 1836. Not
only in Cleveland, but to a less degree in every little
village throughout the county, people expected to
make their fortune by buying land, holding it a year
or two, and selling it at ten or twenty times the pur-
chase price; even the farmers were not free from the
infection. Produce of every kind emulated the bal-
loon-like tendency of real estate. The whole coun-
try, (and espeeitilly the tract on the main line of com-
munication between the Bast and the West, which
then as now ran along the southern shore of Lake
Brie), was in a ferment of unlimited money-making
on paper, and debt-making in fact.

In 1837 the crash came. The inflation by means of
plentiful but baseless paper money had been carried as
far as it could, and the bubble burst. Nearly all the
banks in the country speedily went down under the
storm. Private credit was found equally valueless.
The whole country staggered under the blow, but of
course it was felt with the greatest severity in the
West, where there was but little accumulated capital
to withstand such a shock, and where the enthusiastic
nature of the people had caused them to plunge most
i deeply into the tide of speculation.

Nearly every business man in Cuyahoga county
failed. All the great railroad enterprises of which
we have spoken — the Ohio railroad, the Cleveland,
Warren and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati road — stopped as if smitten
with paralysis, and not a stroke of work was done
upon them for years afterward. Numerous buildings
in town and country, in various stages of progress,
stayed their upward course when the financial col-
lapse palsied their owners' hands, and long remained,
abandoned and unfinished, " the mournful monu-
ments of their intended greatness."

The period was long afterward designated as par
excellence "The Hard Times," and no one ever dis-
puted the propriety of the appellation. Other times
have been " hard," but no others have approached in
adamantine solidity the dreadful period from 1837 to
1840.

During the winter of 1837-8 there was great excite-
ment along the whole northern frontier in relation to
what was known as the Patriot war — the effort of a
small portion of the Canadians to sever the Canadas
from the mother country. The few " patriots '
depended principally on the assistance they received
from sympathizers on this side. On both the Niagara
and the Detroit frontiers there was a good deal of
mustering and marching, and a very little fighting,
and even in this vicinity, notwithstanding the inter-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOG-A COUNTY.

vention of the lake, there were a good many efforts
to afford aid to those whom a majority of our people
looked upon as battling in the cause of freedom.
Henry H. Dodge, of Cleveland, was elected by the
legislature major general of the ninth division of the
Ohio militia, and especially charged with the main-
tenance of order along the frontier. His delicate, if
not arduous, duties were discharged in a manner en-
tirely satisfactory to both the governor of Ohio and
the authorities of Canada. There being a sad lack
of rebels in Canada, the rebellion was easily extin-
guished in 1838, and amid more exciting events soon
almost passed from the memory of the busy people on
this side.

Although, as before stated, the period from 1825,
and in fact from 1815, down to 1837, was one of
rapid development throughout the country, yet evi-
dences were frequently seen that the wilderness was
not yet quite numbered among the things of the past.
Capt. Lewis Dibble, of Cleveland, mentions seeing a
deer near where Willson avenue now is, in 1837, or
later. Discovering the presence of man, he bounded
away, sailed gracefully over the fences and dashed
away into the woods. Still later, Capt. Dibble men-
tions seeing deer feeding among the cows in Euclid.
In the more retired townships, such as Middleburg,
Olmstead, Solon, etc., not only deer but bears and
wolves were still occasionally slain by adroit hunters.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE PEBIOD FKOM 1840 TO 1861.

Beginning to recover— Anger at the Party in Power— Formation of
Lake County — Its Area — The Water Part of Cuyahoga County-
Population in 1840 — The Log-Cabin Campaign — A Fugitive Slave
Case— Changes of Boundary on the Line of Orange— Alfred Kelley—
Railroad Talk revived— A Vote of Aid— The C. C. & C. Eoad reor-
ganized—The Junction Railroad— The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland
Eoad— Dark Prospects- The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
Eoad— Great Days for Steamboats— List of the Principal Steamers
in 1850— Later Steamers— Propellers — Stage Coaches — End of the
Hunting and Log-House Period — Population in 1850 — Opening the
First Railroad — Other Enterprises go forward — Direct Trade with
Europe— A Fleet from Cnyahoga County— American Skill— The Panic
of 1857— The Census of 1800— Origin of the Celebration of Peny's Vic-
tory—The Contract— The Sculptor— Invitations— Governors Sprague
and Dennison— Immense Crowds— The Military Companies— The Ora-
tors of the Day— Distinguished Persons Present— The Monument and
Statue— Masonic Ceremonies— The Mock Battle— The Military Eeview
—The last great Peaceful Gathering— The Political Campaign— The
Events of the Winter.

By the spring of the year 1840 the people began to
recover, though only slowly, from the disastrous finan-
cial reverse of 1837. They were still sore and angry
over the sudden collapse of the wind-inflated moun-
tain of supposed wealth on which they had perched
themselves, and were prepared to visit with condign
punishment the Democratic party, under whose rule
it had occurred; partly because that party was held
responsible for the destruction of the old United
States Bank and the chartering of so many worth-
less State banks, and partly because the party in

power is always condemned, on general principles,
for whatever disasters may occur while it holds the
reigns of government.

On the 20th day of March, 1840, the county of
Lake was formed, principally from Geauga county,
but including the township of Chagrin, (now Wil-
loughby,) in this county. This was an extraordinary
example of the eagerness of at least a portion of the
people for new counties and new offices. The consti-
tution of the State required that every county should
have an area of at least four hundred square miles.
To give the proposed county of Lake such an extent,
it was necessary not only to take Willoughby from
Cuyahoga, but to estimate as a part of the constitu-
tional area that part of the surface of Lake Erie lying
between the water-front of Geauga county and the
boundary between the United States and Canada.
This was decided to be technically a part of Geauga
county, and by that method the area of the county
was inflated to the desired amount.

So it will be remembered that Cuyahoga embraces,
not only the tract of about four hundred and fifty
square miles of land usually included within its lim-
its, but another tract of not less than a thousand
square miles of water, with all that lies above it and
below it, as far as man can ascend or descend.

By the census of 1840 the population of Cuyahoga
was twenty-five thousand, five hundred and forty-two,
divided among the various townships as follows:
Cleveland, 7037; Mayfield, 853; Orange, 1114; Solon,
774; Euclid, 1774; Warrensville, 1085; Bedford, 2021;
Newburg, 1342; Independence, 754; Brecksville, 1124;
Brooklyn, 1409; Parma, 965; Royalton, 1051; Rock-
port, 1151; Middleburg, 339; Strongsville, 1151; Do-
ver, 960; Olmstead, 659.

The summer and autumn of 1840 were long re-
membered as the time of the celebrated "log-cabin"
campaign in favor of General Harrison. The West-
ern Reserve was one of the strongholds of Whiggery,
and a very large majority of the voters of Cuyahoga
county were enthusiastic supporters of Harrison.
They joined with immense zest in the numerous jubi-
lant demonstrations characteristic of that campaign,
and when the great celebration was held on the bat-
tle field of Tippecanoe nearly half the men in the
county turned out to attend it. So strong was the
popular feeling, and so eager was the desire to see the
celebration, that even the Democrats made the pil-
grimage in organized bodies, sharing in the marches
and maneuvers of their Whig brethren, but drawing
aside and resuming their party fealty as they reap-
proached their homes. Cuyahoga gave a large major-
ity of her votes for General Harrison, who, as is well
known, was triumphantly elected.

The situation of Cleveland, as the principal port on
the south shore of Lake Erie, made Cuyahoga county
a natural resort for slaves seeking to escape from both
Kentucky and Virginia. Down to 1841 slave owners
were in the habit of sending their agents to Cleveland,
who caused those they accused of being runaways to

THE PEEIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

be arrested and taken before a magistrate, when a war-
rant was issued, almost as a matter of form, and they
were taken to the State of the claimant.

In the spring of 1841 three negroes, supposed to
have escaped from New Orleans were found in Buf-
falo, whence they were kidnapped, brought to Cleve-
land, arrested under the old law of the United States,
and thrown into jail. Edward Wade and John A.
Eoot, two of the few Abolitionists in the city, applied
for admission to see them and were refused. Thomas
Bolton, (afterwards Judge Bolton,) a prominent law-
yer, indignant at this violation of justice, made the
same request, and, not being an Abolitionist, was at
once admitted. He consulted with the negroes, and
announcad his intention of defending them. So
strong was the feeling against anything that could be
called Abolitionism that much indignation was ex-
pressed against Mr. Bolton in consequence, and there
was even talk of tearing down his ofiBce.

With undaunted firmness, however, he persisted in
his course, showed up the iniquity of the proceedings
in relation to the kidnapping, and procured the dis-
charge of the negroes. The event had a great effect
in breaking up the habit of sending off negroes with-
out an investigation, and for twenty years no more
slaves were taken back to the South from Cuyahoga
county.

On the 29th day of January, 1841, lots seventeen,
eighteen and nineteen, in the southwest corner of the
township of Russell, in G-eauga county, were annexed
to Orange, in this county; the object being to include
the whole of the rising village of Chagrin Falls, which
had previously been cut in two, almost in the center,
by the county line. At the same time a strip ninety
rods wide, lying along the north half of the east line
of Orange, was annexed to Russell as a compensation
for the former transfer. On the 11th of January,
1843, the strip just mentioned was reannexed to
Orange, this being the last change in the much-dis-
torted boundaries of Cuyahoga county.

So heavy were the burdens caused by unwise
speculation and financial disaster, and so eager were
demagogues, then as now, to seek popularity by
plundering the public creditor, that there was a strong
feeling in the legislature of 1843 in favor of repudi-
ating the debt of the State. Meanwhile an instal-
ment of interest was coming due, and there was no
money in the treasury to pay it with. Hon. Alfred
Kelley, of Cleveland, who was then State fund-commis-
sioner, went to New York and raised half a million
dollars on his own security, to meet the payment.

For several years after the great crash of 1837 the
people of Cuyahoga county were willing to plod
along very quietly; only striving that if possible they
might recover from that tremendous shock. But
about 1844 they began to talk about railroads again.
In that year Hon. John Barr wrote a sketch of Cleve-
land.and a description of its trade, for the National
Review, published in New York.

In 1845 Cleveland voted to loan its credit for two

hundred thousand dollars, to aid in building a
railroad to Cincinnati, and for one hundred thousand
dollars to build one to Brie. The same year the
charter of the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road
was revived; the directors being authorized to build
it on the nearest and most practicable route from
Cleveland to the Ohio river.

The old, lapsed charter of the Cleveland, Colum-
bus and- Cincinnati project was also revived, and a
new company was organized, with Hon. J. W. Allen,
of Cleveland, as president, and Richard Hilliard,
John M. Woolsey and H. B. Payne as the other
Cleveland directors. The act reviving the charter
contained a clause permitting the city of Cleveland
to subscribe two million dollars to the stock of the
company. This was promptly done, but private sub-
scriptions were slow and few, and the prospects of
the enterprise were not at all brilliant.

In March, 1846, the Junction railroad company
was incorporated, with an imaginary capital of three
million dollars, and authorized to build a road from
the Cleveland to the west line of the State, on such
route as might be chosen.

About the same time the Toledo, Norwalk and
Cleveland railroad company was incorporated, with
authority to build a road from Toledo by Norwalk to
connect with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin-
nati road in either Huron or Lorain county.

In 1847, so dark was the prospect that it was
almost determined to abandon the Cleveland, Colum-
bus and Cincinnati road for a time. Its friends,
however, made a desperate rally; H. B. Payne and R.
Hilliard volunteering to work three months for its
interest. The late Leonard Case subscribed five hun-
dred thousand dollars; sixty-five thousand dollars was
obtained from other sources, and the friends of the
road determined to stand by their colors. The next
year a contract to build the road from Cleveland to
Columbus was let to Harbeck, Stone and Witt; that
being the largest contract which had then been made
by any party or firm in the United States.

The next year, 1848, an act was passed incorpor-
ating the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula com-
pany to build a road from Cleveland to the Pennsyl-
vania line, and in 1849 it was surveyed.

Thus the county approaches the end of the first
half of this century, with its inhabitants almost as
excited as they were in the "flush times," though
with: a much more solid basis for their hopes. Ptur
important railroads, intended to concentrate at Cleve-
land and to traverse all parts of the county, were in
various stages of progress, but none were completed.
This seems a proper time, therefore, to take a glance
at the county as it was before the days of railroads.

^hese were the great days of steamboats on the
water and of stage coaches on land. From the time
the ice was out of the lake in the spring till the time
it came back in the autumn there was hardly an hour
in which two or three stately white steamers, with
their trailing crests of smoke, were not to be seen

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

crossing the watery portion of Cuyahoga county.
From the Bast to the West they went loaded with pas-
sengers. From the "West to the East they carried some
passengers and some freight — though the time of car-
rying large quantities of grain and other freight by
steamboat had not yet come. Western produce was
generally carried east in sloops, schooners and brigs,
the white sails of which were to be seen swelling
gracefully before the wind, as the deeply laden hulls
ploughed thi'ough the waters of the county.

Many of these steamei's were of great size, and
were fitted up w^ith palatial magnificence. The fol-
lowing is a list of the principal ones which were on
Lake Erie in 1850, with the tonnage, origin and fate
of each, taken substantially from a pamphlet called
Marine History of the Lake Ports, published at De-
troit in 1877:

" De Witt Clinton," of four hundred and ninety-
three tons; built at Huron in 1836; sunk at Dunkirk
in 1851.

" Illinois " (First), of seven hundred and fifty-five
tons ; built at Detroit in 1837; lost on Lake Huron
in 1868.

"Rochester," of four hundred and seventy-two
tons; built near Fairport in 1837; wrecked at Erie in
1852 — •seven lives lost.

"Cleveland" (First), of five hundred and eighty
tons ; built at Huron in 1837; burned at Tonawanda
in 1854.

"Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-seven
tons, built at Black River in 1837; burned at Tona-
wanda in 1857.

" Anthony Wayne," of three hundred and ninety
tons ; built at Perrysburg in 1837 ; exploded in
1850.

" Detroit," (Second), of three hundred and fifty
tons; built at Newport in 1840; sunk in Saginaw bay
in 1854.

"Missouri," of six hundred and twelve tons;
built at Erie in 1840; converted into a propeller barge
in 1868.

" Empire," of eleven hundred and thirty-six tons;
built at Cleveland in 1844, lost on Long Point in
1870.

" New Orleans," of six hundred and ten tons; built
at Detroit in 1844; lost at Thunder bay in 1853.

" St. Louis," of six hundred and eighteen tons;
built at Perrysburg in 1844; wrecked on Lake Erie
in 1852.

U. S. steamer " Michigan," of five hundred and
eighty-three tons; built at Erie in 1844; wrecked.

"Niagara" (Second), of ten hundred eighty-four
tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Michi-
gan in 1856 — sixty lives lost.

"G. P. Grifiith," five hundred and seven tons;
built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Erie in 1850,
with a loss of two hundred and fifty lives.

" Albany," of six hundred and sixty-nine tons;
built at Detroit in 1846; wrecked at Presq' Isle, Lake
Huron, in 1853.

"Hendrick Hudson," of seven hundred and fifty-
nine tons; built at Black river in 1846; burned at
Cleveland in 1860.

" Louisiana," of nine hundred tons; built at Buffalo
in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854.

"Saratoga," of eight hundred tons, built at Cleve-
land in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854.

" Canada," of eight hundred tons; built at Chip-
pewa in 1846; lost on Lake Michigan in 1855.

"Baltic," of eight hundred and twenty-five tons;
built at Buffalo in 1847; made a barge in 1863.

" Sultana," of eight hundred tons; built at Trenton
in 1847; wrecked in 1858.

"A. D. Patchin," of eight hundred and seventy
tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked at Skillagalee
in 1850.

" Baltimore," of five hundred tons; built at Mon-
roe in 1847; wrecked at Sheboygan in 1855.

" Diamond," of three hundred and thirty-six tons;
built at Buffalo in 1847; broken up at Detroit in
1860.

" Pacific," of five hundred tons; built at Newport
in 1847; lost on Lake Michigan in 1867.

"Ohio " (Second), of six hundred tons; built at
Cleveland in 1847; dismantled at Erie in 1859.

" Southerner," of five hundred tons; built at Tren-
ton in 1847; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1863.

"Arrow," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at
Trenton in 1848; condemned in Green Bay in 1863.

"Alabama," of six hundred tons: built at Detroit
in 1848; sunk near Buffalo in 1854.

" Franklin Moore," of three hundred tons; built at
Newport in 1848; broken up in 1862.

"J. D. Morton," of four hundred tons; built at
Toledo in 1848; burned on St. Clair river in 1863.

"Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons; buiP, at
St. Clair in 1848; made a dry dock at Buffalo in 1858.

"Queen City," of a thousand tons; built at Buffalo
in 1858; lost on Lake Huron in 1866.

" Globe," of twelve hundred tons; built at Detroit in
1848; converted into a propeller.

"Charter," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at
Detroit in 1848; lost on Lake Erie in 1854.

"John Hollister," of three hundred tons; built at
Perrysburg in 1848; burned on Lake Erie; rebuilt,
and lost on Lake Huron.

" Atlantic," of eleven hundred tons; built at New-
port in 1849; sunk at Long Point — a hundred and
fifty lives lost.

" Mayflower," of thirteen hundred tons; built at De-
troit in 1849; wrecked at Point au Pelee in 1854.

" Keystone State," built at Buffalo inl849; sunk in
Saginaw bay in 1861 — thirty-three lives lost.

We have included in the above list none of less than
three hundred tons. Thus it will be seen that, aside
from numerous smaller ones, there was in 1850 a fleet
of thirty-nine steamers afloat on Lake Erie, ra-nging
from those of three hundred tons up to the great
•leviathan "Empire State," of seventeen hundred
tons.

THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

Gay times were those. The steamboat, in good
weatlier, was as provocative of sociability as the stage-
coach, and furnished a great deal more enjoyment.
The lake steamer was devoid of the monotony of the
ocean vessel, and a voyage of from two days to a
week, through changing lakes, and rivers, and straits,
with all the splendid accessories of the model lake
steamer, by passengers excited with the hope of
western fortunes, or Joyous over their return to
eastern homes, was an event long to be remembered
on the calendar of pleasure.

But there Was another and much darker side to the
picture. Out of the thirty-nine steamers above men-
tioned, no less than thirty closed their career by be-
ing burned or wrecked. To be sure many of them
sailed ten or fifteen years, and made hundreds of
vovages before being lost, but the disaster, when it
came, was sometimes appalling. The two hundred
and fifty lives lost on the " G. P. Griffith," and the
four hundred lost on the " Lady Elgin," furnished
the most terrible but not the only examples of the
dangers of lake navigation.

We have called especial attention to the fleet afloat
in 1850, because that was the most brilliant period of
lake navigation, which began to decline soon after the
completion of railroad communication between the
East and the West; but there was a large number of
steamers (not usually very large ones) which had gone
out of service before that time, besides many, both
large and splendid, which were put in commission at
a later period.

Among the most important of the latter were the
"Arctic," of eight hundred and fifty-seven tons; the
" Buckeye State," of twelve hundred and seventy-fonr
tons; the "Northerner," of fivehundrcd and fourteen
tofis; the " Minnesota," of seven hundred and forty-
nine tons; the " Lady Elgin," of a thousand and thir-
ty-seven tons; the " Iowa," of nine hundred and
eighty-one tons; the " Cleveland," (second) of five
hundred and seventy-four tons; the "Golden Gate,"
of seven hundred and seventy-one tons; the " Trav-
eler," of six hundred and three tons; the "Michigan,"
(second) of six hundred and forty-three tons; the
"Crescent City," of seventeen hundred and forty
tons; the "Queen of the West," of eighteen hundred
and forty-one tons; the " St. Lawrence," of eighteen
hundred and forty-four tons; the " B. H. Collins," of
nine hundred and fifty tons; the "Northern Indiana,"
of fourteen hundred and seventy tons; the " South-
ern Michigan," of fourteen hundred and seventy tons;
the " Forester," of five hundred and four tons; the
"Plymouth Rock." of nineteen hundred and ninety-
one tons; the " Weptern World " of a thousand tons;
the "North Star" of eleven hundred and six tons;
the " Illinois " (second) of eight hundred and twen-
ty-six tons; the "Planet" of eleven hundred and
sixty-four tons; the "Western Metropolis" of eight-
een hundred and sixty tons; the "City of Buffalo" of
two thousand tons; the " City of Cleveland " of seven
hundred and «ighty-eight tons; the "Sea Bird" of

six hundred and thirty-eight tons; the "Detroit" of
eleven hundred and thirteen tons; the "Milwaukee"
of eleven hundred and thirteen tons.

This list includes the steamers of over five hundred
tons put in commission before 1861. The large size
of many of them does not contradict, but rather cor-
roborates, our previous statement that steamboating
began to decline soon after the completion of railroad
communication between the East and West; for, of
the very large ones, all which were not destroyed were
dismantled, or changed into vessels of other descrip-
tions, after only a few years' service.

Propellers had come into use on the lakes as early
as 1843, but for several years they made but little dis-
play in comparison with the magnificent side-wheel
steamers. As the latter, however, were superseded by
the railroads as carriers of passengers, the propellers
came to the front as carriers of grain; tailing tiie lead
of the steamers in that occupation, and rivaling both
the sail vessels and the railroad.

Returning to the land part of Cuyahoga county in
1850, we find the people all alive with business and
confident of future greatness. When the steamboats
were not running, the stages on the lake shore road
were loaded and doubly loaded with passengers; throe,
four, and even five coaches often passing over the
route each way in a single day. The vehicles of the
line running over the great turnpike through Brook-
lyn, Parma and Strongsville to Columbus were simi-
larly crowded in both summer and winter", while those
on other routes through the country were only loss
heavily loaded.

The" close of the last half of this century may be
regarded as marking the distinction between the old
and the new in this county. The wolves and the
bears had already become extinct, and about this per-
iod the last of the deer disappeared before the ad-
vance of civilization. Certainly they did not wait to
hear more than one or two shrieks of the locomotive.
To an old pioneer, with a taste for hunting, Cuyahoga
county with no deer in it must have sesmed like a new
and undesirable world.

At this period, too, nearly the last of the log houses
which had sheltered the pioneers gave way to the
more comfortable frame residences of the farmers and
the briek mansions of the thriving citizens. Twenty
years before, in at least half of the townships, log
houses had been the rule and framed ones the excep-
tion. The former had gradually bijen given up, and
in 1850 could only be found in some very secluded lo-
cality. In such places, even yet, one may now and
then be seen, a striking memento of the pioneer days
of sixty years ago.

By the census of 1850, the population of the county
was forty-eight thousand and ninety-nine, distributed
as follows: Cleveland, 17,034; Bedford, 1,853; Brecks-
ville, 1,116; Brooklyn, 6,375; Chagrin Falls, 1,250;
Dover, 1,103; East Cleveland, 2,313; Euclid, 1,447;
Indepsndence, 1,485; Mayfield, 1,117; Middleburg,
1,490; Newburg, 1,543; Olmstead, 1,316; Orange,

GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1,063; Parma, 1,329; Rockport, 1,441; Eoyalton,
1,253; Solon, 1,034; Strongsville, 1,199; Warrens-
ville, 1,410.

On the very threshold of the second half of the
century, Cuyahoga county received the benefits, more
or less, of railway communication; being one of the
very first counties in the West to be invaded of the
iron conqueror. On the 1st day of February, 1851, a
train came through from Columbus over the Cleve-
land, Columbus and Cincinnati road, bearing the
State authorities and the members of the legislature,
when of course a grand Jollification was held. On the
22nd of the same month the road was formally
opened for business. The Cleveland and Pittsburg
road was completed forty miles the same month, tak-
ing it outside the bounds of the county.

The other enterprises before mentioned went for-
ward as rapidly as could be expected. The Cleveland
and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland, Painesville
and Ashtabula road (from Cleveland to Erie) were
opened for through business in 1853. The Toledo,
Norwalk and Cleveland railroad was completed in
January, 1853; forming the last link in the chain of
railways between Boston and Chicago. The Cleve-
land. Painesville and Ashtabula road was at first run
in connection with tlie Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati road, but in 1855 its management was
separated from that of the latter, and the former
naturally fell into close relations with the other roads
forming the great line along the lake shore communi-
cation fronr the East to the West.

In the latter part of this decade a new communica-
tion was opened between Cuyahoga county and the
outer world. It originated in a schooner called the
" Dean," built by Quayle and Martin, of Cleveland,
for C. J. Kershaw, of Chicago. It was loaded at the
latter post and sent direct to Liverpool (by way of the
Welland canal and the St. Lawrence river) where this
stranger from the Far West naturally created much
surprise. It was sold there. The next year the
barque " C. J. Kershaw" was constructed by the
same builders, and sent to Liverpool by D. C. Pierce,
loaded with staves and lumber; coming back with
crockery and iron.

Direct trade between Chicago and Liverpool soon
failed, but in 1858 a fleet of no less than ten vessels
was sent fiom Cleveland to Europe. It consisted of
the "D. C. Pierce," sent to Liverpool by Pierce &
Barney; the "Kershaw," "Chieftain" and "Black
Hawk," sent to London by the same parties; the "11.
H. Harmon," sent to Liverpool by T. P. Handy;
the "D. W. Sexton," sent to London, and the "J.
P. Warner" to Glasgow, both by Mr. Handy; the
"H. B. Howe," to Liverpool, by H. B. Howe; the
"Correspondent," to Liverpool, by N. M. Standart;
and the "Harvest," to Hamburg, by C. Reis. All
were loaded with staves and lumber; their total
capacity being three thousand six hundred tons. The
cargoes of all were sold to good advantage, and six

returned successfully with cargoes of crockery, iron
and salt.

Some of these vessels attracted especial attention
when thrown among a lot of English ships which
were wind-bound at Land's End. The latter were
entirely unable to beat around the point, but the
American vessels, by their superior sailing qualities,
were able to run close to the wind, unload, reload,
and sail on another voyage before one of the others
could make its way around the " End."

Direct ti-ade with Europe promised to be an im-
portant part of the commerce of the country, but it
was driven by the rebellion into English hands.

In 1858 it was found that the brick court-house,
built thirty years before, was entirely inadequate to
the rising business of the county, and it was not
thought desirable any longer to incumber the public
square of Cleveland with county buildings^ Accord-
ingly, in that year, a substantial stone edifice, of two
storii'S, was erected on ground on the north side of
Rockwell street, facing the northwest corner of the
square.

The panic of 1857 had had a depressing influence
upon Cuyahoga county, as upon the rest of the coun-
try, but it was so light in comparison with the finan-
cial earthquake of 1837 that old stagers did not con-
sider it as a very serious matter. By 1860 all busi-
ness interests were in the way of rapid recovery.

By the census of that year the population of the
county was seventy-seven thousand two hundred and
six, of whom forty-three thousand four hundred and
seventeen were in the city of Cleveland, while the re-
mainder occupied the various townships in the fol-
. lowing numbers: Bedford, 1,098; Brecksville, 1,034;
Brooklyn, 5,358; Chagrin Falls, 1,479; Dover, 1,384;
East Cleveland, 3,011; Euclid, 1,769; Independence,
1,663; Mayfield, 1,079; Middleburg, 3,592; Newburg,
2,810; Olmstead, 1,410; Orange, 1,095; Parma, 1,480;
Rockport, J, 793; Royalton, 1,297; Solon, 1,009;
Strongsville, 958; Warrensville, 1,554.

Among the events of the year the most interesting
was the celebration of the anniversary of Perry's vic-
tory, and the erection of a monument to that hero.
The idea originated with Hon. Harvey Rice, who in-
troduced a series of resolutions to that effect in June,^
1857, into the City Council of Cleveland, which unan-
imouslyadopted them. A committee of five members
of the Council was authorized to contract for the
erection of the monument, and to solicit subscrip-
tions to meet the expense; it- consisted of Harvey
Rice, chairman; 0. M. Oviatt, J. M. Coffinberry, J.
Kirkpatrick, and C. D. Williams.

In the autumn the committee contracted with T.
Jones and Sons, proprietors of marble works at Cleve-
land, who agreed to provide all materials and erect a
monument surmounted with a statue of Perry, in the
best style of the sculptor's art, subject to the approval
of the committee, in time for the celebration on the
tenth of September, 1860. The price was to be six
thousand dollars, if so much could- be obtained bj

<;:^Cw^

THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

•^9

subscription from the citizens of Cleveland, as to
which the contractors took all the risk.

After corresponding with various artists, Messrs.
Jones and Sons procured the services of Mr. William
Walcutt as the sculptor of the statue. A block of
rough Carrara marble was imported from Italy, and
the entire work of shaping the statue was performed
in the studio of Messrs. Jones and Sons at Cleveland.
On account of the increased cost of the monument,
as finally approved, the contract price was increased
to eiglit thousand dollars — always provided it could
be obtained by subscription.

The work went forward, and in the forepart of
1860 the council sent out a larger number of invita-
tions to the approaching fete. These included the
son, daughter and other relatives of Commodore
Perry; all the survivors of the battle, the governor,
State ofi&cers, etc., of Ohio, the governor. State officers
and legislature of Rhode Island (the State of Perry's
residence), and numerous distinguished individuals
throughout the country. It was determined to locate
the monument in the center of the public square, at
Cleveland.

The celebration was fixed for Monday, the 10th of
September, 1860. On Saturday, the 8th, Governor
Sprague, of Rhode Island, with his staff, the State
ofiBcers and many members of the legislature of that
State, and the Providence Light Infantry, arrived at
Cleveland; being received with a speech of welcome
by Governor Dennison, of Ohio, who was already in
the city. Immense crowds of people also came by all
the railroads, so as to be ready for the celebration on
Monday. Thousands upon thousands also came by
teams on Saturday and Sunday, from all the country
round.

During Monday forenoon every railroad brought an
almost continuous succession of trains; all the cars
being loaded with people, inside aud out. After
careful computation it was estimated by cautious and
experienced men that at least one hundred thousand
visitors were in the city during the afternoon of
Monday.

The procession was of great length; General J. W.
Fitch being marshal of the day. It was headed by
eighteen companies of uniformed militia, of which
the folowing were of this county: Cleveland Light
Artillery regiment, under Colonel James Barnett and
Lieutenant Colonel S. B. Sturges, consisting of com-
panies A, B, D and E, commanded respectively by
Captains Simmons, Mack, Rice and Heckman; the
Brooklyn Light Artillery under Captain Pelton; the
Cleveland Light Dragoons, under Captain Haltnorth;
the Cleveland Grays, under Captain Paddock; the
Cleveland Light Guards, under Captain Sanford.

The military was followed by Govs. Dennison and
Sprague and their staffs ; the guests from Rhode
Island; the mayor and common council of Cleveland;
Messrs. Jones and Sons, contractors ; officers and
soldiers of the war of 1813; survivors of the battle of
Lake Erie; descendants and relatives of Commodore

Perry; William Walcutt, the sculptor; George Ban-
croft and Dr. Usher Parsons (surgeon in the battle,)
orators of the day; and the judges and clergy of the
vicinity. Following these came, a very large number
of the Masons of northern Ohio and neighboring
States, marshaled by their respective officers; the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows; and a long aiTay of
citizens and strangers.

Among the distinguished persons present, besides
those already named, were Oliver Hazard Perry, the
son of the Commodore; Rev. Dr. G. B. Perry, a rel-
ative of the commodore, and chaplain of the dav;
Commodore Stephen Ohamplin, a cousin of Perry,
and commander of the "Scorpion" in the battle; and
Capt. Thomas Brownell, pilot of the "Ariel."

The monument and statue had been set u23 in the
public square, which since that time, and in honor of
the occasion, has been called Monumental Park.* The
services were held there; the statue being unveiled by
the sculptor. The pedestal is of Rhode Island granite,
twelve feet high, while the statue, of Italian marble,
is eight feet two inches in hight. Of course it faces
the lake which was the scene of the great victory.
On the lake front of the monument is a representa-
tion, in alto relievo, of the celebrated scene when the
hero passed amid a shower of bullets from the deck
of the stricken "Lawrence" to that of the "Niag-
ara." The statue itself is very spirited in design and
execution, and, while we do not feel competent to
speak of those technical points which a sculptor would
observe, yet we can truly say that not only was it
highly satisfactory to those who knew the commodore,
as a piece of life-like portraiture, but it is in exact
harmony with all American traditions regarding the
brave, handsome, dashing, high-spirited victor of
the battle of Lake Erie. Since the ce'ebration two
smaller figures by the same artist, a " Sailor Boy "
and a " Midsliipman," have been placed on the monu-
ment, on either side of the chieftain.

George Bancroft, the distinguished historian, de-
livered the principal address, and Dr. Usher Parsons
narrated the events of tlie battle, as they came under
his observation. The proceedings at the square were
closed by the impressive ceremonies of the Masonic
order.

One of the most interesting events of the day, to
the people at large, was the mock battle on the lake,
which followed the ceremonies at the square, in which
the two fleets which had met in deadly combat forty-
seven years before, were faithfully reproduced by
vessels of similar size, and in which, after a furious
cannonade and the representation of the principal
incidents of the real combat, the British ships, one
after the other, struck their colors to the victorious
Americans.

The following day the military companies present
held a grand parade, and were reviewed by Governors

* A.S most of our readers are probably aware, the monument has been
moved during the present season to a point nearer the southeast coi'ner
of the park.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CtJYASOGA COtTNTY.

Dennison and Spragne. This closed by far the great-
est and most interesting celebration that Cuyahoga
county had ever seen.

We have described it at considerable length, for it
was not only a brilliant event of itself but it was the
most striking occurrence in this county, during the
last year of peace. The patriotic memories of the
past were insufficient to restrain the madness of the
of the slave-propagandists, and when next the streets
of Cleveland resounded with the tread of hurrying
crowds, there was no mock battle in prospect.

The political campaign, which was in progress
when the great celebration took place, resulted, as is
well known, in the triumph of the Republican party,
and the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presi-
dency. It is needless here to recount at length how
this manifestation of the people's will was made an
excuse for rebellion by the slave-holders of the South;
how State after State abandoned its allegiance, and
how the coming of spring found a Southern Con-
federacy already organized and armed, in defiance of
the authority of the republic for which Perry fought.

Here, as elsewhere throughout the North, men
looked on in amazement at this disloyal madness, and
it was not until the blow actually fell upon the walls
of Sumter that they could bring themselves to believe
in the reality of such senseless infamy.

CHAPTER XV.

DURINU ABTD SIIVOE THE "WAB.

The Uprising of the People— Camp Taylor— Our Plan of Showing Ser-
vices of Soldiers— Lists of Soldiers— The Ladies' Meeting— Permanent
Organization —Co-operation with other Societies— Dr. Newberry— The
Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio— Numerous Subordinates-
Fort Donelson— Pittsburg Landing— The Territory Tributary to the
Society— No Slate Lines -Pressed for Means— A. Gift of Ten Thousand
Dollars—" Soldiers' Acres" and "Onion Leagues "—The Northern Ohio
Sanitary Fair— lis Success— Immense Returns— Other Labors— A
Threatened Draft Riot-Dispersal of the Mob-The "Squirrel Hunters"
—Cuyahoga Governors— Tod and Brough— Brough's Exertions in
18G4— The Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad— The Soldiers become
Men of Peace— Prof. Newberry— The Census of 1870— The Crisis of
1873— The Fourth Court-House— The Jail— Conclusion.

Ojf the 14th of April, 1861, the storm burst. The
Cleveland papers of the next morning contained a full
account of the assault upon Sumter. As the High-
landers of three centuries ago sprang to arms when
tlie fiery cross was sent among them by their cliief-
tains, thus, and almost as swiftly, responded the men
of the North when the daily newspapers told the story
of their country's danger. The sons of Cuyahoga
county were ready with the foremost. From the stores
and offices Of the city, from the shops of the villages,
from the farms of the country, they came forward to
do liattle for the integrity of the nation. The
Cleveland Grays and Company D of the Cleveland
Light Artillery were two of the very first companies
to take the field for three months, to give an oppor-
tunity for the organization of a permanent force.

On the 33d of April Camp Taylor was established at
Cleveland by the governor, and made the rendezvous

of the volunteers from northern Ohio. By the 37 th
of the same month several thousand men were in
camp, coming from nearly all the counties of the
section named. Cuyahoga county furnished three
companies, and parts of several others, who became
members of the Seventh infantry.

In order to give even an idea of the services of the
soldiers of Cuyahoga county during the war, we find
it necessary to furnish a separate sketch of each
regiment and battery in which it were represented.
As Cuyahoga had soldiers in no less than sixty-two
regiments of infantry and cavalry, and seventeen
batteries of artillery, many of these sketches must of
necessity be exceedingly brief. Their size is made
proportionate, so far as j^ossible, to the number of
men from this county in each organization, and to
the amount of service rendered.

Bach sketch of a regiment or battery is followed
by a list of the soldiers serving in it who were residents
of this county at the time of the war, with a state-
ment of their respective enlistments, promotions,
discharges, etc. These have been compiled with
great care from the records in the adjutant-general's
office at Columbus, and are perfect transcripts from
them. It is possible that there may be defects in the
rolls in the adjutant-general's office, either from the
soldier's giving the wrong residence, or from acci-
dental causes, but this we cannot avoid.

So far as the historical sketches are concerned, we
have depended largely on Reid's " Ohio in the War,''
the correctness of which we find to be endorsed by
all the Ohio soldiers who have examined it and whom
we have talked with on the subject. In regard, how-
ever, to those regiments which are largely represented
from this county, wo have taken pains to consult
with surviving members and obtain from them an
account, not only of the principal services of each
command, but of some of the numerous incidents
which lend variety to the story of life in the field.
When regimental or battery histories have been pub-
lished, these have been the jjrincipal sources of in-
formation.

These historical sketches, each with its accompanying
list of soldiers from Cuyahoga county, follow immedi-
ately after this chapter; being arranged according to
the regimental or battery number in, successively, the
infantry, cavalry and artillery arms of the service.

The people warmly sustained the efforts of their
gallant soldiers, and the ladies were especially zealous
in doing so. On the 30th of April, five days after
the President's first call for troops, the ladies of
Cleveland assembled for the purpose of offering what-
ever aid they could give, though as to what it would
be they, like every one else, were profoundly ignorant.
For a few days the more active scraped lint and made
bandages, and made "raids " on the people to obtain
blankets for new volunteers, as yet unprovided with
those necessary articles.

In a short time the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleve-
land was permanently organized. As this soon be-

DURING AND SINCE THE WAR.

came the head of the various movements in northern
Ohio in aid of the soldiers, and in six or seven months
assumed the name of the Soldiers' Aid Society of
Northern Ohio, it should properly be considered as
an institution of a genei-al character, and some of its
acts should be narrated in the general history of the
county. The first permanent officers were Mrs. B.
Rouse, president; Mrs. John Shelley and Mrs. Wm.
Melheich, vice presidents; Mary Clark Brayton, sec-
retary; and Ellen F. Terj-y, treasurer. In the spring
of 1863, Mrs. Lewis Burton became vice president;
Mrs. Shelley having removed from the county. The
secretary and treasurer served faithfully throughout
the war, and have since published a handsome and
interesting book on the workings of the society, en-
titled " Our Acre and its Harvest," from which we
have derived the items given here.

The leaders of the Cleveland society speedily in-
vited the co-operation of the smaller places, sending
out an immense number of circulars to clergymen,
prominent citizens, ladies, etc. Numerous societies
were soon organized in nearly all the townships of this
county and the adjoining counties; some being start-
ed independently and some on account of the sug-
gestions of the Cleveland organization, but almost all
being soon drawn into affiliation with it; being con-
vinced that they could best attain their object by act-
ing in subordination to it.

In September, 1861, Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleve-
land, was made secretary of the Western department
of the United States Sanitary Commission, and
thenceforth had general supervision of the afEairs of
that association in the valley of the Mississippi. In
the following month the Cleveland Aid Society was
made a corresponding branch of the United States
Sanitary Commission. On the 30th of November,
1861, its name was changed to the Soldiers' Aid
Society of Northern Ohio, as already mentioned.
Thenceforth its acts and fame were national rather
than local. Its benevolence was not even bounded by
State lines, but extended to all who wore the Union
blue.

At the time of the change of name just noted, the
society was receiving contributions from two hundred
and forty-three towns of northern Ohio, of which a
hundred and twenty had branch organizations. Find-
ing that steady contributions were necessary, rather
than spasmodic efforts, the Aid Society prevailed on
a large number of citizens to make pledges of small,
regular amounts weekly, on which the officers could
rely to snpply increasing needs.

After the capture of Fort Donelson, a thousand sets
of hospital clothing and a hundred and sixty boxes of
supplies were sent forward. But it was after the bat-
tle of Pittsburg Landing that the greatest excitement
prevailed. Nearly every regiment from the Western
Reserve was present, hundreds of men from Cuya-
hoga county were among the killed and wounded,
and the whole community felt the shock. Thou-
sands of contributions of every description flowed in

upon the ladies of the society, by whom they were
forwarded to the- suffering soldiers.

By the first of July, 1862, there were three hundred
and twenty-five societies organized as branches of the
Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. These
associations collected funds and supplies in their own
way, receiving suggestions from the Northern Ohio
Society as to what was best to be done. The sup-
plies were then forwarded to the latter association
which sent them to whatever points they were most,
needed. The officers of the Northern Ohio Society
refused to receive money from any of the subordinate
organizations; thinking it better that it should be in-
vested in material, prepared for use by the members
of the various associations at home, and then for-
warded by means of the facilities which the Northern
Ohio Society could furnish. There were tributary to
it at this period, and during the latter part of the
wasr, nearly all the societies in the counties of Trum-
bull, Ashtabula, Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll,
Stark, Tusacarawas, Portage, Geauga, Lake, Summit,
Wayne, Holmes, Ashland, Lorain, Huron, Erie, Me-
dina and Cuyahoga; besides a small part of North-
western Pennsylvania.

A list of contributions was published weekly in the
Cleveland Herald. The ladies also availed themselves
of the offer made by Mr. Edwin Cowles of the use of
two columns weekly of the Cleveland Leader, for such
use as they might find necessary. It will be remem-
bered that the society was not only a sort of general
agency for all northern Ohio, but was also the di-
rect agent for all Cleveland contributions. It were
impossible to tell the story of a hundredth part of
the services performed by it; of delicacies of all kinds
sent to the wounded and the sick; of clothing and
bed furniture supplied to hospitals; of friends fur-
nished with information; these and hundreds of sim-
ilar services were performed day after day, month
after month, year after year, from the beginning to
the end of the war, for soldiers of every State from
Maine to Kansas; alike for the stalwart heroes of
Minnesota and the persecuted Unionists of Tennessee.

In the winter of 1863-3 the society had over four
hundred branches. Yet money and contributions
then came in slowly, for taxes were heavy, prices of
all kinds were high, and the exertions of the last two
years had told seriously on the resources of the people.
It was aided by lectures by the celebrated Elihu Bur-
ritt, and by the scarcely less celebrated Artemus
Ward (whilom a resident of Cleveland under the
name of Charles F. Brown), and ere long it received
a gift of ten thousand dollars, part of a large dona-
tion from California. This seemed then like a very
large amount, being accepted only in instalments,
and previous efforts to secure a permanent supply
being steadily continued.

At this time there was a cry for more vegetables,
on the ground that scurvy was appearing in the army.
The Northern Ohio Society promptly forwarded
large quantities of potatoes and onions, and at the

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

same time endeavored to enlist the people within its
influence in providing for a permanent supply of
tliose and similar articles. Many farmers set aside a
"soldier's acre" for this purpose in the spring, and
even the children parodied the " Union leagues " of
the day with " Onion leagues," which cultivated beds
of that useful vegetable for the benefit of the nation's
defenders.

In February, 1864, the Northern Ohio Sanitary
Fair was organized under the management of the
association; an immense frame structure being built
in the center of Monumental Park, at Cleveland,
over Perry's statue, at a cost of ten thousand dollars.
As this was half as much as the gross receipts of any
sanitary fair yet organized, it was deemed a very haz-
ardous expenditure. The fair was inaugurated on the
twenty-second of February, and after a most brilliant
display and numerous successful entertainments it
was found that the gross receipts were a trifle over a
hundred thousand dollars, while the expenses were
but about twenty-one thousand dollars. The sub-
stantial surplus thus acquired enabled the ladies of
the association to extend their operations, and to
supply a much larger number of sick and wounded
soldiers than before with comforts and delicacies,
which in some degree mitigated their sufEei'ings.

The labors of the association were continued to the
end of the war, and even after its close thousands of
invalid soldiers received its aid, while the families of
the dead were assisted in the procurement of pen-
sions, and in numerous other ways.

We have spoken at some length (considering the
many subjects requiring mention in such a book as
this) of the association and its work; for during those
fateful years it was really one of the great institutions
of Cuyahoga county, and was also a faithful exponent
of the feelings of the people.

Nearly all the quotas called for from the county
were filled by volunteering. A draft was ordered,
however, in September, 1863, to fill some vacancies,
and at one time serious trouble seemed imminent.
A mob of five hundred or six hundred persons, armed
with clubs, pistols, etc., surrounded the office of Hon.
Harvey Rice, commissioner of the draft, on account
of imaginary unfairness in its management. Meeting
them firmly, he sent to Camp Cleveland, on Wood-
laud Hights, for military aid. Shields' Nineteenth
battery, just organized, was there, awaiting orders
to go to the front. They were armed with venerable
Austrian muskets, and with an old six-pounder used
to fire salutes with.

They came hastily down; their muskets being loaded
with ball cartridge, and their solitary cannon half
filled with a miscellaneous assortment of nails, scrap
iron, bullets and other death-dealing missiles. When
the mob made some extra violent demonstrations, the
command, acting as infantry, charged bayonet and
drove them from the square, but, fortunately for both
parties, was not called on to fire the miscellaneous
load out of the cannon. Mr. Rice then permitted

the people to send in a committee to examine the
operations of the office, who found that everything
was conducted with the utmost fairness. This was
the only serious attempt at rioting, or opposition to
the law, made during the war, in Cnyahoga county.
Besides the numerous organizations mentioned in
the following chaptei's, when the State was threatened
with invasion by Bragg in 1863, and a large number
of "squirrel hunters" were called on to help defend
it, a company marched to the front, from Berea and
vicinity, armed with their "squirrel rifles," and
ready to aid in repelling the enemy if necessary.
They were not called on to do so, however, and some
returned homo.

It was not strange that Cuyahoga county mani-
fested so much energy and zeal in the Union cause;
for two of the war governors of Ohio resided wholly
or partially within its limits. Hon. David Tod, who
was elected governor by the Union Republican party
in the autumn of 1861, taking his seat on the Ist of
January following, had a residence at Cleveland, and
also one outside of the county. Hon. John Brough,
the leonine statesman who was elected by the Repub-
licans over Vallandigham in the autumn of 1863 by a
hundred thousand majority, was also a resident of
Cleveland, and president of the Bellefontaine railroad
company. In the spring of 1864 he consulted with
other western governors and proposed that they
call out a hundred thousand men for a hundred days,
to guard posts and otlierwise aid in achieving success
in the campaign of that year. All agreed, as did the
war department at Washington. The latter tele-
graphed for thirty thousand Ohio militia in ten
days. Thirty-eight thousand responded within the
time. This sturdiest of Unionists and most ener-
getic of governors died in the office he had done so
much to dignify and make useful.

During the war business was active, on account of
the great mci'ease of paper money in volume and de-
preciation in value; yet there were few permanent im-
provements made; both because people's minds were
absorbed in the war, and because they were unwilling
in the disturbed state of the finances to make large
government investments. The principal public en-
terprise which was carried out at this period in north-
ern Ohio was the Atlantic and Great Western rail-
road, which was built principally with foreign capital.
In 1863, it leased the Cleveland and Mahoning rail-
road for ninety-nine years, and immediately supplied
it with an extra track; so it could be used for broad
or narrow gauge cars. It has been employed espe-
cially for the transportation of coal from the beds of
Mahoning county, immense amounts of which have
been brought to Cleveland, the manufactories of
which have been greatly stimulated thereby.

On the close of the war the soldiers of Cuyahoga
county, like those of the rest of the Union, at once
put ofE their military habits and resumed the avoca-
tions of civil life. Less than six months saw the
transformation complete, and all the energy lately

-^4^^^^^^^^

FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY.

given to the arts of destruction^mployed in those of
construction. But the latter, though more pleasant,
and in the long run more important, than the former,
do not by any means make so brilliant a mark on
the page of history. The current of events flows
broadly, swiftly and beneficently onward in peace,
but it is the rapids and cataracts of war which strike
the eye.

In 1869, Professor Newberry, before mentioned in
connection with the Sanitary Commission, was ap-
pointed chief geologist of the State of Ohio. As
such, with a corps of assistants, he made an exhaustive
geological survey of the State, embodied in several
valuable' volumes.

By the census of 1870 the population of the county,
notwithstanding the war, had reached the number of
one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred
and three. Of these ninety-two thousand eight
hundred and twenty-eight were in Cleveland, while
the remainder were to be found in the respective
townships as follows: Bedford, 1,788 ; Brecksville,
1,007 ; Brooklyn, 3,713 ; Chagrin Falls, 1,321 ;
Dover, 1,145 ; East Cleveland, 5,044; Euclid, 3,188;
Independence, 1,761 ; Mayfield, 893 ; Middleburg,
3,662; Newburg, 6,237; Olmstead, 1,570; Orange,
1,802; Parma, 1,433; Rockport, 3,001; Royaton,
1,089; Solon, 899; Strongsville, 896; Warrensville,
1,426. It will be seen that, while the agricultural
township had increased very little, and some of them
had decreased, since the i)revious census, the popula-
tion of Cleveland had more than doubled, besides
the large number who had located in the adjoining
towns, so as to become in fact suburban residents of
the city.

In 1873 the same causes, inflation and speculation,
which had brought about the financial crash of 1837,
produced another, far less violent than the one men-
tioned but more injurious than that which occurred
in 1857. Business and improvements of all kinds
received a severe check, five years saw but slight
progress, and it is only during the present season
that a decided change for the better has been
observed.

In 1875 the fourth court-house of Cuyahoga county
was begun, and so far completed in 1876 as to be used
by the courts and for other public purposes. The
court-house erected in 1858 is also still in use. It is
somewhat difficult to describe the new one; for one
hardly knows whether to give its dimensions and
appearance as it is, or as it is to be. Probably the
former is the safer method, with a brief reference to
what it may be.

The present building, then, is of stone, and fronts
on Seneca street, extending back nearly to the court-
house of 1858. Its width is seventy-five feet and its
depth ninety-two feet. There is a high basement
story, occupied by some of the county officers and for
other purposes. On the first story above this is a wide
hall, with the rooms of the probate judge and. sheriff
on either side. On the second floor is the criminal

court room, sixty-eight feet long, sixty feet wide and
thirty-five feet high, .and very elaborately finished.
On the third, or Mansard, floor are rooms for the use
of juries and for other purposes.

The proposed north wing is to be thirty-four feet
front and eighty-four feet deep. The south wing is
to be forty-nine feet front and eighty four feet deep,
and it is expected that in due time it will be sur-
mounted by a tower a hiindred and twenty feet high.
The wings, when completed, are to be occupied by
the various courts and county officers who are now
located in the building of 1858.

A very large and strong jail was also built in 1875,
on the same ground (north of the court house), for-
merly occupied by the jail of 1851, which was removed
to give place to its successor. The new jail, very
substantially built of stone, has three departments,
respectively for men, women and boys. The men's
department is sixty feet wide by a hundred and thirty
feet long, with one hundred and twenty cells.

The boys' department is twenty feet by twenty-four,
with sixteen cells. The women's department is in
the same building as the sheriff's residence, and like-
wise has sixteen cells. The whole building last men-
tioned is ninety feet by thirty-seven, and three stories
high.

Notwithstanding the financial closeness since 1873,
numerous local improvements have been made
tliroughout the county, which are noticed under
their appropriate heads. We now close the consecu-
tive record of Cuyahoga county for the purpose of
presenting our readers with sketches of various or-
ganizations pertaining to it, beginning with the
regiments and batteries representing that county in
the war for the Union.

CHAPTER XVI.

FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY,

Organization of First Infantry— The Cleveland Grays— Vienna —BuU
Eun— Reorganization for Three Years— Cuyahoga Companies— In
Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— A Fight at Huntsville
-Stone River— Chiclcamauga— Orchard Knob— Capture of Mission
Rldge—Resaoa— Burnt Hickory— Number of Engagements— Mustered
Out— Members from Cuyahoga County— The Fifth Infantry— Connec-
tion with Cuyahoga County— Men Transferred from Seventh— List of
Members.

FIRST INFANTKY.

The First Infantry was organized in April, 1861,
in response to the President's first call for troops.
The Cleveland Grays, an old and highly esteemed
militia organization, formed one of its companies,
under Captain T. S. Paddock, and Lieutenants
Jeremiah Ensworth and J. B. Hampson. So prompt
was the answer to the call that within sixty hours
afterwards the regiment was on its way to the capital.
It was attached to General Schenck's brigade and was
611 route to Vienna when its first engagement with
tlie enemy was had. The rebels fired into the train,
when the First tjuickly formed on the side of the

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

track, followed by the other regiments, and made so
effective a resistance as to be enabled to retire with
but small loss. In the battle of Bull Run the regi-
ment took no active part, but rendered excellent ser-
vice in guarding the retreat.

In August, 1861, the reorganization of the regi-
ment for three years' service was begun, but not
completed until October. Company D was largely
from Cuyahoga county, as well as a few men from
companies F, G and I. In November the regiment
was made a part of the Fourth Brigade of the Second
Division, under General McCook. From December
17th, 1861, until February 14th, 1862, it remained
in camp at Green River, Kentucky. On the 17th
the brigade marched to Nashville; arriving five miles
out on Franklin Turnpike it went into camp. On the
31st it crossed Duck river and moved toward Sa-
vannah.

On the morning of April 6th the march was re-
sumed. Savannah reached at half past seven p.m.,
and Pittsburg Landing at daylight the next morning.

At six a.m., the First moved to the front and
formed in line of battle. After fighting until noon,
repeatedly charging the enemy and recapturing Gen-
eral Sherman's headquarters, the regiment retired to
procure ammunition. This being obtained, it again
advanced and participated in the general charge on
the enemy's front. The First was then sent to assist
Colonel Gibson's command; arriving just in time to
repel a vigorous attack. In this battle the regiment
was commanded by Colonel B. F. Smith, and lost
sixty officers and men.

On May 27th six companies of the First, under
Major Bassett Langdon, had a sharp fight at Bridge
Creek. At Huntsville they took the cars and reached
Boiling Fork, a tributary of the Elk river, July 1st.
On the 28th the regiment moved to Altamont, and
September 1st to Nashville, passing through Man-
chester, Murfreesboro and Lavergne. At Dog-walk,
on the 9th of October, the First took part in the bat-
tle, and lost several men. On the 11th it joined
General Buell's forces at Perryville.

On December 31st the battle of Stone river com-
menced. The First was stationed on the right of E.
W. Johnson's division. A half hour's brisk skirmish-
ing followed, and the enemy was promptly checked.
A heavy force appeared and made an attack on the
First, compelling it to fall back. In doing this, much
confusion occurred and the whole right wing was
forced back. At the Nashville and Chattanooga rail-
road re-enforcements arrived, and the enemy was
driven back.

After many hard marches and a number of sharp
skirmishes, the regiment reached Stevenson, Alabama,
August 30th, 1863, to take part in the Chickamauga
campaign. On the 19th of September it reported to
Genei-al Thomas, and was placed in the front line
under heavy firing. A charge was made on the ene-
my, General Baird's position retaken and several
pieces of artillery captured. A most terrific fight

ensued in the darkness, and the First was compelled
to change position. In doing this they fell back
about one hundred and fifty yards. The enemy soon
retired and the battle ceased for the night. The next
afternoon the First and the Louisville Legion charged
and put to rout a body of the enemy, but at length
shared in the general disaster which befell the army.
The regiment lost in this fight one hundred, and
twenty men.

On the 20th of October the First formed a part of
the force that surprised and captured the ridge be-
tween Lookout valley and Racoon mountain.

On November 23d the regiment engaged in the bat-
tle of Orchard Knob, and on the 25th rendered noble
service at the capture of Mission ridge. The entire
loss of the Seventh during this battle was five officers
and seventy-eight men, killed and wounded. On
January 17th, 1864, during the East Tennessee cam-
paign, the regiment had a brisk engagement at Straw-
berry Plains, losing some men. On the Atlanta cam-
paign. May 10th, 1864, at Buzzard's Roost, several
were wounded and thi-ee killed. May 14th, at Re-
saca, Georgia, two were killed and sixteen wounded,
and the next day four were killed and twelve wounded.
At Adairsville the regiment had a sharp skirmish;
losing two killed and two wounded. At Burnt Hick-
ory, May 27th, eight men and two officers were killed
and seventy-one men wounded. June 17th, atKene-
saw, eight men were wounded. At the crossing of
Chattahoochie river two men were killed.

During its term of service the First was engaged in
twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had five
hundred and twenty-seven officers and men killed and
wounded. The last man of the regiment was mus-
tered out October 14th, 18G4.

MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Edward J. Collins, enrolled August 17, 1861; promoted to First Lieuten-
ant March 25, 1863, and to Regimental Quartermaster May 8, 1863.
Mustered out with regiment Septemlier 24, 1864.

William A. Davidson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861 ; promoted to
Quartermaster. Mustered out with the regiment.

James Hill, enrolled as Regimental Quartermaster August 23, 1861 ; pro-
moted to First Lieutenant and transferred to Company H May 8,
1863. Resigned October 17, 1883.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Andrew J. Mabb, enrolled August 18, 1861; promoted to Commissary
Sergeant. Mustered out with regiment.

COMPANY D.

James B. Hampson, enrolled as Captain August 17, 1861; promoted De-
( cember 31, 1863, to Major 124th Regiment. Killed at Pickett's Mills,
Georgia, May 27, 1864.

George L. Hayward, enrolled as First Lieutenant August 17, 1861-; pro-
moted to Captain December 10, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel 129th
Regiment July 2rth, 1863.

Sylvanus S. Dixon, enrolled as First Sergeant August 20, 1861: promoted
to Second Lieutenant June 24, 1862, and to First Lieutenant Novem-
ber 15, 1863. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 27, 1864

Alexander Varian, enrolled August 20, 1861; promoted to Second Lieu-
tenant May 26, 1862, and to First Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Died
June 2, 1864, of wounds received at Resaca, Georgia.

William M. Carpenter, enrolled as Second Lieutenant August 17, 1861 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant May 26, 1862. Resigned April 10, 1863.

Willard C. Prentiss, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861; promoted to
Second Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Resigned June 10, 1863.

Charles Wherritt, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

William Duncan, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

Heni-y Galloway, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

SEVENTH INPANTEY.

Rufus A. Hampson, enrolled as Corporal September 1, 1881.

Orrin J. Brown, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.

George A. Wilson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. Killed at the

battle of Resaca, Georgia.
Leavitt Aldrich, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.
Clement H. Farier, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.
Joh.i Mullen, enrolled as Musician August 20, 1861.
James B. De Land, enrolled as Masician Auzust 20, 1861.
Charles H. Anderton, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Samuel M. Bearby, enlisted August 20, 1861, Killed.
John L. Buihiell, enlisted August 20, 1861.
Eli Bennett, enlisted August 1'', 1861.
William Buibeck, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Edwin Barber, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Charles W. Campbell, enlisted August 17, 1861.
William Caolder, enlisted August 17, 1831.
Horace J. Conant, enlisted August 17, 1861.
John F. Cady, enlisted August 17, 1861.
William Cowan, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Robert A Oarran, enlisted August 17, 1S61.

Lawrence Dubber, enlisted August 17, 1861.

William P. De Land, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Mwvin L. Eddy, enlisted August 17, 1861 .

Horace W. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Frankiu A. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Reuben Goss, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Henry vv. Hayward, enlisted August 18, 1861.

William C. Isham, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Enoch F. Jones enlisted August 18, 1861.

Reuben B. Kelley, enUsted August 19, 1861.

Albert C. Leach, enlisted August 19, 1871.

Samuel A. Lamoreaux, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Joseph C. Merrick, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Chester C. Pulver, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Louis W. Pick, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Eugene Roberts, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Charles L. Scobie, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Frederick Scan, enlisted August 18, 1861.

James M. Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861.

Benjamin Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861.

Christopher Tod, enlisted August 20, 1801.

Henry R. Van Ness, enUsted August 20, 1861.

James Van Fossen, enlisted September 9, 1861.
John A. WiUdnson, enlisted August 20, 1801. .

Julius C. Watterson, enli ted August 19, 1861.

Robert F. Watterson, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Frederick Zimmerman, enlisted August 18, 1861.

COMPANY F.

William Hall, enlisted December 11, 186.3. Transferred to Company H.
James McGee, enlisted November 23, 1863. Transferred to Com pany H

COMPANY a.

Simon Keck, enUsted September 30, 1861 Discharged November 4, 1865.
Jacob Welch, enlisted September 29, 1864 Discharged October 1, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Ebenezer Clark, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864. Mustered out May 18, 1865.

John Cartwright. enlisted January 11, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864.

George A. Joice, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1. 1864.

Henry Lowes, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company H
Sept 1, 1864.

Francis Moses, enlisted January 7, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864. , ^ „

Clayton E. Worden, enUsted December :9, 1863. Transferred to Com-
pany H, September 1, 1864.

FIFTH INFANTRY.

The principal connection of this regiment with
Cuyahoga county arises from the fact that thirty men
of the Seventh Infantry, residents of that county,
were transferred to the Fifth from the Seventh In-
fantry, when the Litter was mustered out of service;
the terms of those men not liaving expired. Al-
though the Seventh was mustered out in June, 1864,
the transfer was not consummated until October.
With the Fifth they marched with Sherman on this
.rrandcampaig'.i to the Sea, accompanied him through
the Garoliaas, and took part in the great review at

Washington

Thence the regiment was sent to Louis
ville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out of service
on the 2Gth day of July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY Gr.

Albert Berger, enlisted August 30, 1863. Mustered out June 31, 1865.
Henry Alexander, enlisted September 8, 1862. Mustered out .luly 36, 1 865 .
Solomon Brobst, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 31, 1865.
James C. Brooks, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Ed. A. Crosby, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1866.
Frank J. Covert, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Peter M. Hardman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21. 1865.
James Loveless, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Dis-
charged July 14, 1865,
Jonathan Moore, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 186-1, Dis-
charged July 7, 1865,
Otis Martin, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 31, 1865.
George W. Oliver, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Abraham Eamalia, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
James Hunt, transfen-ed from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Discharged

May 29, 1865.
Theodore W. Pratt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
William Stanford, tranferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 28, 1885.
Charles Zimmerman, transferred from 7th Infanti-y October 31, 1864.

Mustered out June 21, 1885.
Charles Walley, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1884. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Sigo Tyroler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1865.
Jacob Sehneerberger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864.
Franz Schaedler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus-
tered out January 25, 1865.
Michael Schmidt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 2, 1865.
Martin Saizer.tran'^ferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1885.
John Schirssler, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Joseph Rowe, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Wounded

June 37 Mustered out August 8, 1865.
Henry Hoffman, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
David F. Dove, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Coney Deitz, transferred from 7th Infant y October 31, 1864, Mustered

out July 26, 1865.
Conrad Buchman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 26, 1865.
William Weber, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Andrew Rick, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Christian Ottinger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out May 31, 1885.
Herman Tetzer, enUsted 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865.

CHAPTER XVII.

SEVENTH INFANTKY.*

Organized for Three Months-First Field Officers — Reorganized for
Three Years— Number from Cuyahoga County— Sent to West Vir-
ginia—Its First Loss— The Disaster at Cross Lanes— Goes east-
Breaks up a Rebel Camp-Battle of Winchester— Port Republic— Suc-
cessive Repulses of the Enemy-Retreat of the Union Army-Cedar
Mountain— Ten-ible Loss of the Seventh -■ Antietam — Driving the
Enemy— Defeating Hampton at Dumfries-Chancellorsville-Gettys-
burg— Ordered west-Mission Ridge -Taylor's Ridge— A Disastrous
Repulse-Deaths of Creighton and Crane— Losses of the Regiment-
Its Services in 1864 -Pumpkin Vine Creek- Ordered Home— Grand
Reception at Cleveland-Mustered Out.

The Seventh Infantry was organized for three
months service, at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, in the
latter part of April, 1861; three companies being

♦ Condensed from Major G. L. Wood's "Seventh Regiment.''

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

from Cuyahoga county, and the remaindei' from other
counties of the Western Reserve. It soon went to
Camp Deuuison, near Cincinnati. On the 11th of
May the regiment elected E. B. Tyler, of Ravenna,
as colonel; W. R, Creighton, of Cleveland, as lieu-
tenant-colonel; and J. S Casement, of Painesville, as
major. Three days later, on the three years call
being submitted to the men, about three-fourths
enlisted for that term. The others were discharged,
recruiting officers were sent home, and on the 19th
and 20th of June the Seventh Ohio Infantry, with
full ranks, was mustered into the service for three
years.

Companies A, B and K were principally from Cuy-
ahoga county; Company A, during the war, having a
hundred and fifty-four men from that county; Com-
pany B, eighty-four men, and Company K, a hundred
and sixteen. Besides these. Company C had twenty-
seven men from Cuyahoga during the war; Company
D, twenty-three; Company E, three; Company F,
six; Company G, six; Comi^any H, fourteen; and
Company I, four; the total in the regiment, with field
and staff, being four hundred and thirty-seven.

In the last days of June the Seventh was ordered
to Clarksburg, West Virginia. While there, a stand
of colors was presented to it on behalf of the German
Turners Society, of Cleveland. The first severe march
was made from that place to Weston, thirty miles
distant, on the last afternoon and night of June.
After scouting in this vicinity a short time, the
Seventh marched to the Gauley valley.

On the 15th of August it took post at Cross Lanes,
where its suffered its first loss. Captain Schutte
and fourteen men of Company K, while on a scout,
were ambushed; the captain being mortally wounded,
and all but four of the men being also killed or
wounded.

Having retired from Cross Lanes, and being or-
dered to return, it reached there alone on the even-
ing of August 35th. Next morning it was vigorously
attacked by a heavy rebel force, and some of the com-
panies thrown into confusion. Captain Crane, with
Company A, made a charge, piercing the rebel line
and capturing a stand of colors. His detachment
was cut off from the main body, however, and obliged
to escape through the mountains to Gen. Cox's army
at Gauley Bridge. Four hundred men under Major
Casement, being nearly surrounded by an overwhelm-
ing force, also escaped through the mountains.
Others escaped singly or in squads, but the regiment
had twenty-one men killed and wounded, and ninety-
six taken larisoners.

The last of October the regiment took part in driv-
ing the rebel Gen. Floyd from his intrenchments on
Cotton Hill, but without loss.

In December the Seventh moved to Romuey, near
the Potomac, and in the forepart of January, 1863,
with several other regiments, made a vigorous and
successful movement, breaking up the intrenched

camp of a rebel colonel in the mountains, and killing
and capturing about a hundred of his men.

During the remainder of the winter the Seventh
served under that brave and enterprising leader. Gen.
Lander, and after his sudden death passed under
the command of Gen. James Shields. On the 11th
of March his coriimand occupied Winchester, and on
the 37th the Seventh took part in its first severe
battle, that of Winchester.

After the enemy's plans had developed themselves,
the Third brigade, with the Seventh Ohio at its head,
was sent to charge a battery, holding an important
position, in flank. A heavy rebel force was stationed
in support, behind a ravine and a stone wall. The
column charged gallantly, and, although unable at
once to drive the foe from his strong position, held
its ground and maintained a desperate conflict. Re-
inforcements came up on both sides, and the two
armies were soon fully engaged in furious strife.
Near night the rebels began to retreat. The Union
army made a charge along its whole line and the re-
treat soon became a rout. Two pieces of artillery and
four caissons were captured by the Third brigade.
The enemy was pursued the next day, but could not
be overtaken. The Seventh had fourteen killed and
fifty-one wounded in this battle.

After various marches in the valley of the Shenan-
doah, the regiment took part in the battle of Port
Republic on the 9th of June. While it was support-
ing a section of Huntington's battery, the enemy
charged the guns. The Seventh lay hidden by a grow-
ing field of wheat until the rebels were within easy
range. Then the ringing tones of the gallant Creigh-
ton were heard, giving the order to rise up and fire.
A shower of bullets riddled the lines of the advanc-
ing column. It staggered and halted. The Seventh
dashed forward, and after a short but desperate con:
flict tlie foe was driven back, followed by the .victori-
ous men of Ohio.

Another charge on the extreme right was also
repelled by the Seventh and some other troops. The
fiery Jackson was in command of the Confederates
and a third assault was soon made on the Union
center, which was repulsed with still more loss than
before.

Another attack was made, and a battery captured on
the Union left. The Fifth and Seventh Ohio were
directed to regain it. Under a tremendous fire they
dashed up a hill and drove the rebels from the guns.
Five color-bearers of the Seventh were shot down in
as many rods. Lieutenant King seized the flag as
the fifth man fell, iiressed forward and was followed
by the regiment, which drove the enemy to the shel-
ter of a neighboring hill. From this, too, they were
driven by the gallant Seventh and their comrades.

At this time large reinforcements joined the enemy,
and as General Shields, with a jjortion of the Union
army, was several miles in the rear, General Tyler,
who was in command, thought it best to retreat. In
this conflict the Seventh had nine men killed, and

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

two officers and fifty-eight men wonnded; one of the
officers being Captain Wood, author of the history of
the regiment.

Colonel Tyler having received a brigadier's star,
Lieutenant-Colonel Creighton had been made colonel,
and Captain Crane, of Company A, major.

Being sent to Alexandria, the regiment remained
there a month, and then joined McDowell's forces in
central Virginia. On the 9th of August the brigade
to which the Seventh belonged, then commanded by
General Geary, was with Banks at Cedar Mountain.
In the afternoon the Seventh, which was stationed on
Telegraph Hill, was ordered forward under the fire of
thirty pieces of artillery, to occupy a cornfield in front
of it. Though its ranks were torn by canuon balls
and shell, and its men were falling at every step, it
moved steadily forward and occupied the assigued
position.

At four o'clock it moved into a meadow, and alone
engaged in a desperate conflict with a vastly superior
force of the enemy. Creighton was wounded and
forced to retire. Crane was disabled. Captain
Molyneaux took command. At length, when out of
three hundred and seven men a hundred and eighty-
one, nearly two-thirds of tlie whole number, were
killed or wounded, the little band who remained un-
injured slowly and sullenly fell back to a safer
position.

Even then its losses were not ended, for at night it
was sent out on picket, and while advancing was fired
on by heavy forces in front and on both flauks, and
was foi'ced to retire.

During the night Banks' entire corps withdrew to
the position it had held before the battle. Three
officers and twenty-seven men of the Seventh were
killed in this battle, and eight officers and a hundred
and forty-three men wounded.

The regiment next retreated with Pope's command
to Washington, but was not engaged during the time.
Soon moving north with McClelian, on the 17th of
September the depleted band, scarcely to be called a
regiment, took part in the battle of Antietam.
Ordered to attack the enemy, strongly posted behind
a rail fence in the edge of a wood, the Seventh with
other troops maintained a fierce conflict with mus-
ketry for an hour and a half, then charged and drove
the rebels from their covert at the point of the bayo-
net, pursuing them fully three-fourths of a mile.

Taking up an advanced position, the division
repelled a charge of General A. P. Hill's division, and
again completely routed the enemy. Similar efforts
all along the line gave to the Union army the victory
of Antietam. The Seventh had five men killed and
thirty -eight wounded in the battle.

The regiment soon passed into Virginia. While
holding the post of Dumfries, on the 27th of Decem-
ber, 1862, with two other regiments, the command
was' attacked by Hampton's division of cavalry in the
night. A few prisoners were captured on the picket
line, but when the dismounted cavalry charged upon

the main force they were defeated again and again,
with very heavy loss. The Seventh had one man
killed, eight wounded and eleven captured.

Remaining in northern Virginia through the winter,
in April, 1863, it advanced with the Army of the
Potomac, then under Hooker, and on the second of
May became warmly engaged in the battle of Chan-
cellorsville. It was ordered to support a line of
skirmishers, but as these would not advance, the
Seventh passed them, drove back the foe, and held
the ground till ordered to retire, which it did in good
order.

On the 3d of May the Seventh led its brigade in a
fiery charge on the enemy, who were driven back, but
the brigade, being unsupported, was in turn compel-
led to retire a short discance. During the night the
heavy cannonading compelled its withdrawal to the
vicinity of United States Ford. Though only en-
gagen a short time in this battle, the little regiment
had fourteen men killed, and seventy wounded.

It will be understood that a portion of the vacancies
caused by death and disability were made good by
recruits from time to time, but only a portion. The
constant tendency was toward decrease.

In June the Seventh went north with the army of
the Potomac, and on the second of July was engaged,
but not severely, in the battle of Gettysburg. It was
also engaged on the third, but was not in the hottest
of the fight and was generally under cover. It had
one man killed and seventeen wounded.

The regiment was soon after sent to New York, to
help maintain order during the draft disturbances,
but in September was ordered back to the Rapidan.

A little later the war-worn Seventh was sent with
Hooker's two corps to join the Western army, and in
due time arrived at Bridgeport. Early in November
it reached the grand army at Chattanooga, which,
on the 24th of that month, advanced against Mis-
sion Ridge. Only some preliminary skirmishing took
place that day. The next day it moved with the
whole army up the precipitous heights of Mission
Ridge, but in front of its line the foe fled with com-
paratively little resistance.

On the 27th the regiment with other troops reached
Ringgold, Georgia, where it found the rebel rear-
guard strongly posted on Taylor's Ridge. The brigade
to which it belonged, commanded by its own colonel,
the fiery Creighton, was ordered to dislodge them.
The Seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio charged up the
hill, but met with such a withering fire that they weve
compelled to fall back into a ravine. A dea'dly fire
was concentrated on them here, and Col. Creighton
again ordered them to retire. As they reached a
fence, the colonel faced the enemy and waited for his
men to cross it. While in this position he was shot
through the body with a rifle-bullet, fell to the
ground with his wife's name on his lips, and almost
immediately expired.

A few moments later Lieutenant Colonel Crane,
then in command of the Seventh, was instantly killed

GENERAL HISTOfiY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

by a rifle ball througb the forehead. The command
rapidly fell back.

The rebels were soon obliged to retire by the ap-
proach of other Union troops, but they bad inflicted
an irreparable loss on the ever-faithful Seventh Ohio.
Out of two hundred and six men in the action four-
teen men were killed and forty-nine wounded. The
instant death of the colonel and lieutenant colonel
within a few moments of each other, both being niea
of remarkable valor, beloved and honored by their
comrades, had a very depressing eft'ect on the regi-
ment and drew attention throughout the army. Gen-
eral Hooker exclaimed, when he beard of it:

"My God, are they dead? Two braver men never
lived."

The loss of the regiment in the three battles of
Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Taylor's Ridge
was Ave officers and fourteen men killed, and eight
officers and fifty-four men wounded. At Taylor's
Ridge only one officer present was left alive and un-
wounded.

The bodies of the two young heroes, Creighton and*
Crane (the former was but twenty-six and the latter
thirty-four), were sent home to Cleveland, and buried
with all the honors that a patriotic and deeisly affected
community could bestow.

The Seventh remained near Chattanooga through
the winter, and in the spring of 1864 advanced with
Sherman toward Atlanta. At Pumpkin Vine Creek,
on the 35 th of May, it was warmly engaged for a
short time; having three men killed and fifteen
wounded. In June, while in camp at Allatoona, the
term of the Seventh expired and it was at once or-
dered homo. About two hundred and fifty men,
wiiose terms had not expired, were transferred to the
Fifth Infantry. Two hundred and forty-five officers
and men, all told, returned home; the remnants of
over a thousand who went forth at their country's
call three years before. They were welcomed at
Cleveland on the 10th of June, 1804, by an immense
concourse, and accorded a banquet and a formal recep-
tion; being addressed by Governor Brougb and Pros-
ecuting Attorney Grannis.

The men were given a brief furlough; not being
mustered out until after the Fourth of July, on
which day, with the Eighth Ohio, they received an-
other grand ovation.

During the service of the Seventh Ohio more than
six hundred and thirty of its men were killed and
wounded; a hundred and thirty being slain in the
field. About a hundred also died of disease.

Taking it all in all, considering the number of its
battles, its marches, its losses, its conduct in action,
it may safely be said, that not a single regiment in
the United States gained more lasting honor or de-
served better of its country than the Seventh Ohio
Volunteer Infantry.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlirTT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

William R. Creighton, enrolled as Captain Company A-, April 19, 18G1.
Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel June 19, 1861, and to Colonel May
ao, 1S62. Killed at Mission Ridge, November 27, 1863.

Orrin J. Crane, enrolled as Captain June 19, 1861. Promoted to Major
May 2fi, 1862, and to Lieutenant Colonel March 2, 1863. Killed at
Mission Ridge November 27, 1863.

Morris Baxter, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant June 20, 1861; to Second Lieutenant Company H, June 1, 1863;
and to Adjutant September 1, 1863. Died November 30, 1863, from
wounds received at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863.

John C. Ferguson enrolled as Assistant Surgeon May 4, 1863. Mustered
out with the Regiment July 8, 1864.

John Morris, enrolled as Quarter Master April 25, 1861. Resigned De-
cember 24, 1861.

Dean C. Wright, enrolled as Chaplain January 11, 1862. Resigned Janu-
ary 9, 1863.

Curtiss J. Bellows, enrolled as Surgeon December 1, 1862. Mustered out "
with the Regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant Major May 24, 1862; to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863.

Joseph P. Webb, enrolled June 7, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Major
January 1, 1862. Killed at battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 23,
1862.

Reuben W. Walters, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Non-Com-
rais«ioned Staff as Hospital Steward, March 15, 1864. ■ Discharged for
disability March 1, 1865.

COMPANY A.

Orrin J. Crane, (See Field and Staff.)

Joseph B. Molyneaux, enrolled as First Lieutenant June 18, 1861. Pro-
moted to Captain January 1, 1863. Honorably discharged February
11,1863.

William A Howe, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Sec-
ond Lieutenant April 13, 1862; to.First Lieutenant November 11, 1863,
and to Captain .fune 1, 1863 Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Albert C. Burgess, eni'oUed as First Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Promoted
to Captain Company F. November 25, 1861.

George A. McKay, enrolled as First Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted
to Second Lieutenant November 7, 1862; to First Lieutenant June 1,
1863, and to Captain March 19, 1864. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia,
November 27, 186.3. Mustered out July 8, 1864.

Dudley A. Kimball, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Re-
signed April 1, 1862.

Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant Major May 24, 1862, to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863, and to
First Lieutenant November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

J. G. ClaCHin, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861; promoted to First Ser-
geant November 7, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment July 8, 1864.

Zebulon P. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant Novembfr 20, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment.

John H. Mallory. enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant May 14 1862. Mustered out with the regiment.

Francis Williams, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant September 1, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment,

John H. Galvin, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral September
1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 16, 1864. Mustered out with the
regiment.

Albert Bishop, enlisted lune 17, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Joseph McClain, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; made Bugler July 22, 1862. Mus-
tered out with the regiment.

Hiram V. Warren, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal May 14,
1862. Mustered out with the regiment.

Heniy A. Blaiklock, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Joseph T. Brightmore, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the
regiment.

Frederick W. Brand, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Carlos A. Burroughs, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

.John Cronin, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

jindrew J. Crippen, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Henry C. Eckert, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Jacob F. Houck, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Benjamin Hatfield, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Robert B. Johnston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Luther W. Loomis, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
AJonzo J. Morgan, enlisted June 19, 1851. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Charles E. Preble, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Charles W. Powell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Thomas C. Sherwood, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Alfred W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Edward A. Swayne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Charles W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
William H. Thurston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.
George E. Vaughn, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
James White, enlisted June 19, 1881. Left in hospital at Cincinnati.
Richard L. Wilsdon, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Townley Gillett, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed at

Port Eepuhlic, Virginia, June 9, 1888.
Alfred Austin, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corporal September

11, 1861. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 28, 1863.
John D. Craig, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corpora 1 October 30,

1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Virginia. May 2, 1863.
John C. Collett, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; pi-omoted to Corporal. Killed at

Ringgold, Geoi^ia, November 27, 1863.
Joseph Blackwell, enlisted September 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Moun-
tain, Virginia, August 10, 1862.
John Handle, enUsted June 19, 1881. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, May

2, 1862.
Charles H. Cheeney, enlisted August 7, 1862. Killed at Chaneellorsville,

Virginia, May 1, 1883.
Henry A. Pratt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Vir-
ginia, May 3, 1863.
Charles Stem, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,

March 23, 1862.
Adolph Snider, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, Virginia,

August 9, 1862.
Ephraim M. Towne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville,

Virginia, May 3. 1863.
Morris J. Holly, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant: taken prisoner July 22, 1863. Mustered out December 17, 1864.
William Kehl, enrolled June 19, 1961. Missing since battle of Winchester,

Virginia, March 23, 1868.
Leonard Wacker, enlisted June 19, 1861. Missing since battle of Cedar

Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862.
Teeodore Leoompte, em-oiled as Sergeant June 18, 1861. Died at Sutton,

Virginia, July 28, 1861.
Henry J. Brown, enlisted June 19,1861; promoted to Corporal. Died
August 26, 1862, at Alexandria, Virginia, of wounds received at Cedar
Mountain, August 9, 1862.
Edward T. Kelley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Died

April 20, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester.
Francis I. Werz, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Died
January 5, 185.3, at Alexandria, Virginia, from wounds received at
Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862.
Morrison J. Cannell, enlisted September 11, 1861. Died at Newburg,

Ohio, November 18, 1861.
Thomas Dowse, enlisted August 14, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tennes-
see, December 19, 1863, from wounds received at Ringgold, Gporgia,
November 27th.
Abraham Ginter, enlisted.June 19 1861. Died at Alexandria, Virgima,
September 1, 1862, from wounds reaeived at Cedar Mountain, Au-
gust 9th.
Jeremiah C. Jones, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Bridgeport, Alabama,

February 22, 1864. „. . .

Willis F. McLain, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Gauley Ridge, Virgmia,

September 27, 1861, from accidental wound.
Michael McCaune, enlisted October 30, 1861. Died at Charleston, Vir-
ginia November 8, 1881, of accidental wound.
Thomas Shepley, enlisted June 19, 1861. Died at Carnifax Ferry, Vir-
ginia, September 2, 1861, from wounds received at Cross Lanes,
August 26, 1861. , „ ,

Louis ihroeder, enlisted June 19, 1861. Accidentally drowned at Fred-
ericksburg Virginia, May 24, 1862.
George E Spencer, enlisted August 28, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Ten-
nessee, December 21, 1883, from wounds received at Ringgold, No-

Chelt^e™ w'^B^adley, enlisted August 8, 1862; taken prisoner at Dumfries
Virginia, December 27, 1861 ; was paroled and exchanged. Mustered

Simrj"'SLlsey,'en.istedAugustl3,1362. Furloughed June 1, 1863 and

never rejoined the regiment.
Evan Evans, enlistedJune 19, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes .^^-
ginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined
the regiment.
12

Andrew J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined
the regiment.

Carlos A. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis-
charged for disability December 21, 1861.

Frank Dutton, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1801. Discharged for disa-
bility caused by wounds received at Cross Lane August 27th.

Milton D. Holmes, enlisted June 19, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged January 8, 1883.

Aaron C. Lovett, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged Seplember 14, 1882,
for disability caused by wounds received at Port Republic, Virginia,
June 9th.

Samuel Sweet, enlisted June 19, 1881; jjromoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 20, 1862.

Herbert L. Smalley, enrolled as Fifer Junel9, 1881; promoted to Cor
poral. Discharged at Bridgeport, Alabama, February 23, 1864.

Marcus Broekway, enrolled as drummer June 19, 1801 . Mustered out
with the regiment.

Edward Mullen, enlisted October 13, 1861 ; made drummer. Discharged
April 14,1862.

Lewis Austin, enlsited June 19, 1861. Discharged February 16, 1863, for
disability.

Perry Bennett, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem-
ber 24, 1863.

Charles Ballou, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged for disability
May 10, 1862.

John H. Burton, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability July
25, 1802.

Samuel E. Buchanan, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
August 13, 1802.

Theodore Burt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 1.3, 1862.

John G. Burns, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 25, 1863.

Daniel W. Clancy, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1802.

Ferdinand Cregne, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged lor disability
November 3, 1802.

Leander H. Campbell, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability
December 10, 1862.

Alexander M Clinton, enlLsted September 20, 1861. Discharged for dis-
abiUty November 27, 1862.

George W. Evans, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June
20, 1862.

Thomas Fresher, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability May
6, 1862.

Fred. P. Fai rand, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged tor disability
November 4, 1882.

H. F. Gardner, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June

15, 1862.

William F. Gillson, enUsted September 11, 1861. Discharged for disa-
ability January 23, 1883.

Jabez C. Gazely, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability
April 8, 1863.

William N. Hubbell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
December 24, 1881.

Fred. W. Hoffman, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability
October 29, 1862.

Orvis F. Jackman, enlisted August 8, 1862. Discharged Nov. 20, 1883.

Philip Kelley, enlisted March 28, 1862, Discharged for disability No-
vember 28, 1862.

Charles A. Keller, enlisted" June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
November 11, 1802.

Frederick Keller, enlisted October 20, 1801. Discharged for disability
January 5, 1863.

David B. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged July 20, 1802.

Arthur Lappin, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem-
ber 24, 1862.

James J. Lloyd, enlisted June 19, 1861, Discharged for disability Jan-
uary 2, 1863.

William Lucas, enlisted September 8, 1802. Discharged for disability
February 5, 1863.

Fred. G. McDowell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
February 1, 1862.

Joseph Miller, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability July

16, 1862.

Isaac Mascfield, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged fordisability Janu-
ary 18, 1883.

Stephen Mills, enli^ted August 11, 1862. Discharged for disability Feb-
ruary 9, 1863.

John n. Prestage, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
December 23, 1801.

John G. Parsons, enUsted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability
January 8, 1803.

Charles H. Ranney, enlisted June 19. 1861. Discharged tor disability
October 6, 1861.

Thomas BicheU, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Sep-
tember 20, 1862.

Edward St. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
January 31, 1863.

GENERAL HiSTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Thomas J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

July 8, 1862.
George W. Simmons, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

January 17, 1863.
David Q. Stein, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 28, 1863.
William N. Thompson, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

March 31, 1863.
t'ord W. White, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Octo-
ber 20, 1881.
William Saddler, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant. Transferred to the invalid corps January 15, 1864.
John H. Bower, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to the invalid corps

September 1, 1863.
Theo, F. Hammond, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to invalid

dorps July 1, 1863.
Jacob Heege, enlisted August 11, 1862. Tranferred to invalid corps

September 1, 1863.
Frederick Rhodes, enlisted August 8, 1863; transferred to invalid corps

January 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865.
Isaac Stratton, enUsted April 20, 1861. Transferred to Company F.

June 20, 1861.
Myron H. Whaley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1891. Exchanged and transferred to 2d United
States Cavalry.
Albert D. Forby, enUsted August 31, 1862; transferred to Company B,

5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
William Southwell, enlisted August 26, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Sergeant November
22, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Stephen Averill, enlisted August 5, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus-
tered out May 29, 1865.
Thomas Ryan, enlisted July 2, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth
Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Corporal March 1, 1865;
mustered out June 5, 1865.
Edwin L. Wright, enlisted August 25, 1802. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus-
tered out June 5, 1865.
}Uchard L. Barber, enlisted August 30, 1862; Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out May -30, 1865.
John Euoher, enlisted August 31, 1882; Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out July 5, 1865.
John Gear, enlisted August 2, 1862; Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 186.5.
William Horn, enlisted August 1, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Jacob Ott, enlisted August 19, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885.
James Sherwood, enlisted August 6, 1863. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Samuel Sadler, enlisted August 26, 1863. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1863.
Leonard Noble, enlisted August 7, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885.
Fr.ink Randall, enlisted October 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861; mustered out July 26, 1865.
Adolphus M, Randall, enlisted October 8, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out July 18, 1885.
William H. Johnson, enlisted October 10, 1881. Transferred June~ 11,

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Franklin G. Rockefeller, enlisted September 20, 1861. Transferred June

11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry.
William Seufert, enli^ed October 11, 1881. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

Fifth Infantry.
WilUam Williams, enlisted October 11, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864,

to Fifth Infantry.
Lewis J. Watkins, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Wilham E . Forbey, enlisted Septem ber 20, 1 881 . Promoted to Coiporal

Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Charles A. Wood, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11,

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Charles Baker, enlisted August 26, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

Fifth Infantry.
Edward Hart, enlisted August 18, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1861, to
Fifth Infantry.

COMPANY B.

James F. Sterling, enrolled as Captain, April 22, 1861. Promoted Sep-
tember 1, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Third
Regiment.

Merwin Clark, enrolled as First Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant February 20, 1862; to First Liautenant July 23,
1862, andto Captain June 1, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Re-en'-
listed as Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-Third
Regiment, November 16, 1864. KiUed in action, at Franklin, Ten-
nessee, November 30, 1864.

Henry Z, Eaton, enrolled as Second Lieutenant, June 17, 1861. Pro-
moted to First Lieutenant, February 20, 1862. Honorably discharged
November 14, 1862.
Edwin H. Bourne, enrolled as Sergeant Company K, April 22, 1861.
Promoted Second Lieutenant July 25, 1863, and to First Lieutenant
of Company B, November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Joseph Cryne, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second
Lieutenant July 23, 1862. Transferred to Company I, May 25, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Levi F. Bauder. enrolled as Sergeant April 23, 1861. Promoted to First

Sergeant September 30, 1803. Mustered out July 6, 1884.
Marcus M. Cutler, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ';promoted to
Sergeant September 1, 1882. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, No-
vember 27, 1863 .
Joseph Frotier. enlisted June 20. 1881. Promoted to Corporal May 10,
1862, and to Sergeant November 1, 1862. Wounded at Cedar Moun-
tain Augiist 9, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Marshall Walker, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Septem-
ber 1, 1862, and to Sergeant June 1, 1863. Mustered out with the
Company July 6, 1864.
Franklin R, Gasklll, enlisted June 30, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Sep-
tember 1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 1, 1864. Wounded at Cedar
Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862, and at Reseca, Georgia, May 15,
1884. Mustered out July 6, 1864,
Jesse Hardesty, enlisted June 30, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Septem-
ber 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, and
paroled September 13th. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Lawrence K. Lamphear, enlisted June 20, 1881 Promoted to Corporal
January 1, 1864. Wounded at Antietara, Maryland, September 17,
1882. Mustered out July 0, 1864.
Jacob Marks, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal September
1, 1862, Wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862 and at Dallas,
Georgia, May 25, 1864. Mustered out .January, fm, 1865.
Samuel E. Gordon, enlisted April 23, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Janu-
ary 1, 1802. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863,
Mustered out July 8, 1864
Edward E. Stebbins, enrolled as Drummer, June 20 1861. Mustered out

July 6, 1864.
Andrew Attoff, enlisted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Dumfries,
Vu-ginia, December 27, 1863. Rejoined the Company, June 5, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Daniel T. Boyle, enhsted June 8, 1861 . Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 36, 1881; released lune 8, 1882. Wounded at Chan-
cellorsville. May 3, 1868. Transfered to Invalid Corps, September
30, 1863.
Lucius Aley, enUsted June 30, 1861. Mu-stered out July 6, 1864.
Charles F. Chase, enUsted June 7, 1861. Transferred to Battery I, First

Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
Jacob A. Carson, enUsted August 32, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg,
July 3, 1883, and at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 19, 1864. Trans-
ferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861 . Discharged
June 5, 1865.
Sylvester Carter, enlisted August 7, 1862. Wounded at Dumfries, Vir-
ginia, December 37, 1882. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regi-
ment, October 31, 188t. Mustered out. May 30, 1865,
Edward Case, enlisted September 2:3, 1863, Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Absent at Hospital since 24th
April, 1885.
Francis Clifford, enlisted J^ne 20, 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1884.
John F Gordon, enlisted August 13, 1882. Taken prisoner at Dumfries,
Virginia, December 37, 1802. Released and rejoined the Company.
Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
George H. Simmonds, enlisted June 10, 1861. Transferred to Battery I,

First Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
Albert A. Wooley, enlisted June 5, 1861 . Transferred to Battery I, First

Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
GustavusA. Zirnier, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability

December 5, 1862.
Ernest A. Zwicker, enUsted April 22, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain,

August 9, 1862, Discharged October 35, 1863.
Renssalear R. Peebles, enlisted May 30, 1861. Discharged November 20,

1881.
Albert E. Withers, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, March 23, 1863. Dischar ^ed October 24, 1863,
George A. Wood, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Antietam, Mary-
land, September 17, 1869. Discharged October 34, 1883.
Mitchell St. Ange, enlisted Junell, 1881. Wounded at Chancellorsville,
Virgmia, May 3, 1863. Leg crushed in railroad accident. Discharged
January 23, 186i.

Duncan Reid, enUsted June 3, 1861 . Wounded at Winchester, Virginia,
March 33, 1862. Discharged July 30, 1862.

Joseph Gasser, enUsted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir-
gmia, March 33, 1882. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Frank Henrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Joseph Kubler, enlisted Juue 80, 1801. Wounded at Antietam, Septem-
ber 17, 1863, aud at Ohancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Mustered out July
6, 1864.
Bernard Mulgrew, enlisted June 20, 1801 . Mustered out July 6, 1804^
Thomas C. Riddle, enlisted Juue 20, 1861 . Wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Regiment July 6,
1863.
E. M. MoClatnin, enlisted June 20, 1801. Wounded at Gettysburg, July

1, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.
David Russell, enlisted June 20, 1831 . Mustered out with the Regiment.
Johnson Russell, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Regi-
ment.
George C . Robinson, enlisted June 30, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross
Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861. Released June 0, 1802, but never
rejoined the Company.
George Steinberger, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Antietam,

Maryland. September 17, 1862. Mustered outwibh.the Regiment.
Frederick Spencer, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg'

iment .
Gustavus Schmidt, enrolled as Sergeant June 20, 1861. Mustemd out

with the regiment.
James E. Wyalt, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
George W. Williams, enlisted June 20, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross
Lanes . Virginia, August 26, 1861 ; released January 6, 1862. Mustered
out with the regiment.
Starr B. Wood, enlisted Aprill 38, 1861; deserted December 10, 1861; re-
joined the company September 11, 1863; wounded at Dallas, Georgia,
May 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment.
Thomas 0. Brown, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Killed

at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863.
Clark L. Wilsoh, enlisted June ^, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed

at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862.
William Adams, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Au-
gust 9, 1862.
James Carroll, enlisted Juno 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,

March 23, 1862.
Allen C. Lamb, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, March 23,

1862.
Elleridge Meacham, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Mary-
land. September 17, 1863.
Edgai' G. Meekins, enlisted March 7, 1832. Killed at Cedar Mountain,

Virginia, August 9, 1862.
George O. Sperry, eiilisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland,

September 17, 1862.
Grant Goodrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Died in hospital at Alexandria,

Virginia, July 39, 1862,
James McCabe, enlisted June 20, 1861 : taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1861 . Paroled and died at Cleveland, Ohio, while
on furlough January — , 1803.
Morris Baxter, sfee Field and StafE.

Asa H, t'ltch, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1801; wounded at Winches-
ter, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Discharged December 19, 1873.
Nohemiah G. Eddy, enlisted April 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged July 11, 1862.
David I. Ezekial. enrolled aS Corporal June SO, 1861; promoted April 18_

1862, to Sergeant.
William E. Smith, enrolfed as Corporal June 20, 1861; wounded at Win-
chester, Virginia, March 23, 1802, and at Cedar Mountain, Virginia,
August 9, 1802. Discharged at hospital December 9, 1863.
Alonzo Austin, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged July 31, 1862.
Abraham S. Bennett, enlisted September 5, 1802. Discharged October

15. 1802.

Charles Cunningham, enUsted April 22, 1861. Discharged September

16, 1863.

William Oonnell, enUsted June 20, 1831; wounded. at Cedar Mountain,

August 9, 1862. Discliarged October 18, 1803.
Charles L. Chapman, enli ted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross

Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861. Released January 13, 1863, and

discharged!. . . ,,.

John Coyle, enlisted June 20, 1861; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir-
ginia, August 9, 1863. Discharged January 9,^863.

John Davis, enlisted August 26, ISO.' '^■-"'■
ruary 3, 1803.

Eugene W Elliott, enlisted June 20, 1801. Discharged July 16. 1802.

Charles Fagan, enlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Winchester, Vir-
ginia March 23, 1802. Discharged January 1, 1863.

Leonard Geitz, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged May 23, 1862

Jo^iah M. Holt, enlisted April 23, 1861. Discharged .January 9, 1802.

PUnvE Hill Unlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir-
ginia, August 9, 1862, and at Antietam, ifaryland, September 17,
1862. ' Discharged October 25, 1862. ,r ic«o

John Haylor, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged November 15, 1862.

Benjamin Hashfleld, enlisted June 80, 1861; wounded at Cedar Moun-
tain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Discharged November 6 1862

John D Jones, enlisted June 30, 1861. Discharged February 1^ 1862

WUnam F. Laid., enlisted April 22, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1802. Discharged January 29, 1863.

Discharged for disability Feb-

Edward L. Marble, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged February 1, 1862.

Roswell E. Mathews, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability
November 28, 1862.

Martin Nicholas, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged January 9, 1862.

Charles Cowan, enlisted April 33, 1861; discharged at hospital, March 4,
1863; re-enlisted September 25, 1863; wounded July 20, 1864; trans-
ferred to Company B., SthRegiment, October31, 1804. Mustered out
July 20, 1865.

COMPANY C.

Llewellyn R. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant Company D, May 1, 1862; to First Lieutenant
Company E, November 2, 1862; to Captain Company C, March 30,
1864. Taken prisoner at Dallas, Georgia, May 35, 1804. Discharged
December 19, 1804. Re-enlisted as Lieutenant Colonel of the One
Hundred and Eighty Seventh Regiment, March;2,.1865. Mustered out
January 23, 1866.
Charles fe. Wall, enlisted August 25, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November 27, 18S3.
Joseph McCanon, enlisted August 25, 1862. Died ,July 22, 1863, from

wounds received at Gettysburg, July 3.
Levi Myers, enlisted August 30, 1863. Died in hospital at Nashville, De-
cember 30, 1863.
Thomas Sweet, enlisted August 29, 1862. Died November 30, 1863, of

wounds received at Ringgold, November 27.
Nicholas GafEett, enlisted September 10, 1862. Discharged February 18,

1863.
Philip Grigsby, enlisted September 11, 1862. Discharged July 24, 1863,
becauseoE wounds received at Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862.
Edward E. Kelsey, enlisted February 27, 1S03. Discharged March 25, 1864.
True Rand, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1804, to Com-
pany B, Fifth Infantry.
John Phillips, enlisted September 8, 1862; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia,
November 27, 1803. Transferred June 11. 1864, to Company B, Fifth
Infantry.
William O. Barnes, enlisted August 15, 1802; wounded at Ringgold,
Georgia, November 27, 1803. Transfen-ed to Fifth Regiment, Com-
pany B, October 31, 1864. Discharged for disabihty.
Freeman Bunker, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864, and promoted to Corporal. Mus-
tered out June 5, 1865.
Alfred T. Dann, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.
John Finneran, enhsted September 4, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 36, 1865.
Daniel P. Wood, enlisted August 13, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November 27, 1863.
Benjamin L. Sevey, enlisted August 23, 1802. Discharged for disabihty

February 5, 1803.
R. C. Van Orman, enlisted August 30, 1802. Discharged for disability

February 15, 1864.
James W. Raymond, enlisted August 6, 1863. Promoted to Corporal.
Wouuded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 37, 1863. Transferred
June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry,
fames C. Bartlett, enUsted August 18, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864

to Fifth Infantry.
Franklin M. Forbes, enhsted August 14, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged.
Silas Gleason, enlisted Augu 1 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
William Grant, enlisted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Transferred again to Veteran
Reserve Corps.
Owen Hicks, enlisted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Promoted to First Sergeant June
0 1805. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
John Lowrey, enUsted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
James T. Myers, enlisted August 80, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 38, 1865.
WiUiam Proctor, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B^
Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1804. Transferred agam to Veteran
Reserve Corps.
Joseph M . Stowe, enlisted August 30, 1802. Transferred to Company B>

Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 15, 1865
Mitchell H . Sheldon, enUsted August 85, 186b . Transferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864, and promoted to Sergeant.
Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY D.

George Shively . enlisted August 25, 1868. Discharged for disability Jan-
uary 18, 1863.

John B. Wirts, enlisted August 14, 1862, Discharged for disability Feb-
ruary 19, 1863.

Frederick Bose, enlisted March 20, 1862. Transfen-ed to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged March 20, 1865.

Edwin Green, enhsted August 19, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864,
to Fifth Infrntry.

GENBEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

William J . Hutchinson, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Com-
pany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5,
1805.

Westal W. Hunt, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 81, 18B4. Mustered out June 5, 1865,

George Heni-ick, enlisted August 25, 1862. Transferred to Company B.
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865.

Slierman R. Norris, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

Albert W. Nash, enUsted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 186.5.

Samuel R. Pullman, enlisted August 13, 1862. Transferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1364. Mustered out June 21, 1865.

George Valleau, enlisted October o, 1802. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1801. Discharged for disability.

John A. Franks, enlisjed June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner May 3, 1803 ; re-
.ioined the Company November 5, 186:J. Mustered out July 7, 1864.

Alfred E. Smith, enlisted June 7, 1801. Mustered out with the Company
July 7, 1804.

Perry H. Smith, enhsted June 7 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

Norman L. Norris, enlisted April 23, 1861; promoted to corporal. Died
at Alexandria, Virginia, September 4, 1802, from wounds received at
Cedar Mountain August 9th.

Emory W. Force, enlisted as sergeant June 19, 1861. Discharged for
disability May 10, 1862.

Amos C. Fisher, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged for disabiUty May 10, 1862.

John A. Cutler, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 22, 1868.

Thomas M. Lander, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 27, 1863.

John Rowe, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 17, 1802.

James A. Rubicon, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Oc-
tober 20, isca.

Stephen A. Smith, enUsted June 7, 1801. Discharged for disability June
16. 1802.

COMPANY E.

Oliver Grinnell, enlisted August 30, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November ~T, 1863.
Daniel Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Died at Alexandria, Virginia

January 5, 1863.
Jesse Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY p.

Albert C. Burgess, transferred from Company A. Promoted to Captain
November 25, 1861 . Resigned July 9, 1802.

Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant of Company K June
17, 1801. Promoted to First Lieutenant February 2, 1802, and trans-
ferred to Company F. Resigned April 18, 1803.

Harlow Camp, enlisted August 21, 1862. Died at Harper's Ferry, Vir
ginia, November 25, 1863.

John Rohr, enhsted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability October 1,
IHia. Be enlisted October 23, 1802. Accidentally wounded, and dis-
charged July 3, 1863.

John Bergin, enlisted October 10, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to
Fifth Infantry .

William Stanford, enlisted March 28. 1864. Transferred to Company G,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861.

Isiiac Stratton, enlisted Ax>ril 20, 1861, in Company A. Transferred to
Company F, June 20, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant February 28, 1862.
and to First Sergeant September 1, 180;3. Wounded slightly at Chan-
cellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1803. Lost left eye at Gettysburg, July
3, 1803. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1801.

COMPANY G.

Albert Stedman, enUsted March 27, 1862. Killed at Port Republic Vir-
ginia, June 9, 1802.

Enoch iM. Douthett, enlisted August 8, 1862. Died at Dumfries, Virginia
March 4, 1803.

George H. Clark, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to the Inva-
lid Corps August 15, 1863.

Tunis S. Danforth, enlisted July 29, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 16, 1865.

Ephraim Flickhiger, enhsted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Invalid
C'urp.s, August 11, 1863.

John Garrison, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Christian Nesper, enlisted in Company K, April 22, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant. July 25, 1802; to Fii-st Lieutenant, November 1,
1863, and to Captain; transtei red to Company H, April 23, 1801_ Mus-
tered out J uly 7, 1864.

Amnion D. Barnum, enUsted August 21, 1802. Died at Harper's Ferry
Virginia, February 12, 1863.

Samuel H. Barnum, enlisted August 20, 1862. Died at Washington, D.

C, May 17, 1663, from wounds received at Chaucellorsville, Virginia,

May 3.
William H. Fox, enlisted August 26, 1862. Discharged November 20,

1863, for disabili y caused by wounds.
Solomon Brobst, enlisted September 6, 1863. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James C. Brooks, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regira. nt, October 31, 1864.
Ed. A. Crosby, enlisted Augiist 13, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Frank J . Covert, enlisted August 23, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Peter M. Hardman. enlisted August 37, 1862. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James Loveless, enUsted August 38, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Jonathan Moore, enlisted Atigust 28, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Otis Martin, enUsted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
George W. Oliver, enlisted August 11, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Abraham Ramalia, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James Hunt, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

COMPANY I.

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

Randall B. Palmer, enlisted December 17, 1861. Discharged for disa-
ability July 22, 1863.

Thomas B. Doran, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps, March 16, 1864.

George Metcalf , enUsted December 17, 1861. Tiansferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged at end of term,
December 17, 1864.

Theodore W. Pratt, enlisted December 17, 1861. Transferred to Com-
pany G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

COMPANY K.

John T. Schulte, enroUed as Captain April 23, 1S61. Killed in skirmish

near Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861,
E. T. Krieger, enrolled as First Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to

First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, and to Captain February 9, 1863.
' Mustered out July 6, 1864.
L. F. Mitchelm, enroUed as First Lieutenant June 17, 1861. Resigned

April 13, 1862.
Christian Nesper, enUsted April 32, 1861 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant

July 25, 1862; to First Lieutenant November 1, 1863, and to Captain

Company H April 23, 1864.
Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 17, 1801; promoted

to First Lieutenant February 3, 1863, and assigned to Company F.
Charles Ludwig, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to First Sergeant Feb-
ruary 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1864.
George Sohl, enUsted April 23, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered

out with the company.
John Hacfele, enlisted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered

out with the company.
Conrad Sommers, enrolled as Corporal April 32, 1861. Mustered out

with the company.
John Schott, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Mustered

out with the company.
Charles Zimmerman, enUsted August 3, 1863. Transferred to Company

G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Charles Walley, enlisted August 9, 1862. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Charles Haehkel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Transferred to Mississippi Ma-
rine Brigade.
Sigo Tyroler, enUsted August 25, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Jacob Schneeberger, enhsted October 7, 1861. Transferred to Company

G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Franz SchaeiUer, enUstedOctober 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G,

5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Michael Schmidt, enUsted August 37, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

6th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Martin Saizer, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company 6, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
John Schurssler, enUsted June 3, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to -.
Joseph Rowe, enhsted August 31, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 3], 1864.
Henry Hoffman, enlisted August 35, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864,
to .

David F. Dorr, enlisted August 36, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

SEVENTH INFANTKY.

Coney Deitz, enlisted August 30, 1862 . Transferred to Company G, Fifth

Eeglment, October 31, 1864.
Conrad Buchman, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company
G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

William Weber, enlisted August 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal. Trans-
ferred June 11, 1864, to .

Andrew Rick, enlisted October 5, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant. Trans-
ferred June 11, 1864, to

Christian Oettinger, enlisted June 3, 1861. Transferred to Company G,
I ifth Regiment October 31, 1864.

Herman Tetzer, enlisted March 28, 1862. Discharged June 14, 1864, for
disability caused by wounds

John Bauer, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company,
July 7, 1864.

Frederick Bock, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Albert Burgur, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Henry Faubel. enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Engelbert Fenz, enlisted Juno 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Tobias Flabbig, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Christian Hahn, enlisted June 3 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Hoffman, enlisted April22, 1861. Left sick at Washington D . C,
September — , 1862.

Solomon Rentz, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company .

John L. Rinnei-, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company.

George Buckler, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Ferdinand Schlegel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the
Company.

Fred. H. Schmidt, enlisted April 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Henry Schmidt, enlisted June3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

John Schwenck, enlisted April 22, 1861 , Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Frank Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Raquette, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Frederick Selbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

George Wandel, enlisted April 22, 1871. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Jacob Wenner, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Zipp, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company,

H enry Schlattmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability.

John Smith, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability July
30, 1862.

John Stegmeyer, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged for disability No-
vember 27, 1862.

Fred. W. Steinbauer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged because of
wounds February 2, 1862.

John T. Voelker, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability Febru-
ary 18, 1863.

George Weissenbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 24, 1862.

Julius Wolf, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862.

Anthonisius Zittsmann, enUsted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862.

John Volker, enUsted October 7,1861. Discharged for disability July
7. 1862.

William Lanterwassar, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to
1st Sergeant. Died at Washington, July 3, 1862, from wounds re-
ceived at Fort Ktr-public, June 9.

Henry Ackerman, enlisted June 3, 1861, Killed at ChaneellorsviUe,
May 30, 1862.

Frank Dietrich, enlisted April 22, 1861. KUled at Winchester, March
23, 1862.

John Doll, enlisted June 3, 1861. Died September 10. 1861, from wounds
received at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26th, 1861.

Henry Frank, enlisted June 3, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August
9, 1862.

Frank Karbacher, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, March 23, 1862.

Frank Lorenz, enlisted October 8, 1861. KUled at Winchester, Virginia,
March 23, 1862.

John Geissler, enUsted April 22, 1861. Died August 28, 1861, from wounds
received at Cross Lanes, Virguiia, August 26, 1861.

Vincent Header, enlisted April 22. 1861. KUled at Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862.

^ohn Muntz, enlisted October 8, 1861. Died at Cumberiand, Maryland,
February 24, 1862.

Jacob NoUc, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died April 2, 1862, from wounds re-
ceived at Winchester, March 23.

William Pfahl, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. KiUed at Ringgold, Georgia, No-
vember 37, 1863.

Victor Perlev, enlisted August 25, 1862. KiUed at ChancellorsvUle, Vir-
ginia, May 2, 1863.

William Russell, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died at Frederick, Maryland
June 1, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester, Virginia, March 23,

Joim Reber, enlisted October 7, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9,
1862.

John Schnibs, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9,
1862.

John Stern, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August 9,
1862.

Joseph Seibel, enlisted AprU 22, 1861, KUled at Winchester, Virginia,
March 23, 1862.

Franz Weber, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Died at GaUipolis, Ohio, Septem-
ber 2, 1862.

John Wiegand, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died while a, pris.ner, Septem-
ber 13, 1862.

John Weiland, enlisted October 17, 1661 KUled at Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862.

Frederick Schinkel, enrolled at Sergeant, April 22, 1861. Missing since
battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802.

John Lenllcy, enlisted October 5, 1861. Missing since battle of Port Re-
public, June 9, 1862.

WUliam Voges, enroUed as Sergeant, April 22, 1861. KiUed at Port Re-
public, ,lune9, 1862.

Adolphus Rohlmann, enrolled as Sergeant, April 22, 1861, Died at New
Orleans, while prisoner, November 13, 1862.

Elmore Hinkston. enrolled as Sergeant, June 3, 1861. Promoted to First
Sergeant. Died at Chattanooga, Tennessee, January 21, from
wounds received in action.

James Grebe, enrolled as Corporal jVpril 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant. Died at ."Slrxandria, Virginia, August 27, 1862, from wounds
received at Cedar Mouutain, August 9.

Charles Rich, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862.

WilUam Ritchie, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged February 8, 1802, for
disability caused by wounds.

Henry Roshotte, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 : promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability July 19, 1862.

WUliam Butzman, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability February 18, 1863.

Henry Strachle, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability November 26, 1862.

Herman Sohaub, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged
for disabiUty AprU 3, 1803.

Jacob Kurtz, enlisted June 8, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged
because of wounds April 10, 1863.

Wi liam Lehr, enUsted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged
on account of wounds July 3, 1862

George Denzel, enlisted April 22, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged
on account of wounds July 21, 1802.

Christian Reisse, enrolled as Corporal June 3, 1861. Discharged on ac-
count of wounds July 21, 1863.

John Hummell, enlisted AprU 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged on account of wounds October 27, 1862.

Peter Kind, enrolled as musician AprU 22, 18B1. Discharged for disa-
bility October 2, 1861.

PhUlip Anthony, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of
wounds Sepi ember 1, 1862

Constantine Armbrunster, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disabil-
ity February 19, 1803.

Simon BeU, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 28, 1862.

Charles Breitenbach, enlisted April 32, 1861. Discharged on account of
wounds December 11, 1862.

Fred. Brinckelmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1862.

John Colbrun, enhsted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1862.

Louis Dehmel, enUsted June 3, 18()1. Discharged.

Edwin Dunton, enlisted June 3. 1861. ■ Discharged.

Emil Glanser, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged.

Charles Graiter, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on acccount of
wounds December 19, 1862.

Gottlieb Grucnowald, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862.

Jacob H. Hege, enlisted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1802.

Fred Gassand, enlisted June 3, 1801, Discharged July 24, lb02.

Henry Lehr, enlisted June 3, 1861, Discharged June 37, 1802,

Andrew Malichus, enlisted April 32, 1861 Discharged because of
wounds, October 14, 1801.

Matthias Merkel, enlisted June 3, 1861. [discharged February 28, 1863.

Fred. Mitchell, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds
November 21, 1862.

Theodore Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged.

GottUeb Popp, enlisted J une 3, 1861. Discharged for disability October
2, 1861.

GENEEAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XVIII.

EIGHTH, FOUHTEENTH AND SEVENTE3BNTH
INFANTKY.

Company B, of the Eighth — Organized for Three Months — Re-organ-
ized for Three Years — In West Virginia — Loss from Sickness —
Romney and Hangmg Rock — Blooming Gap, Cedar Creek and Stras-
burg — Battle of Wincliester- Numerous Skirmishes— South Moun-
tain and Antietam — F. edericksburg — Chancellors villa — Gettysburg
— Heavy Loss — Skirmishes at Bristow Station, Mine Run, etc., in
1S«4 — The Battle of Martin's Ford — The Battle of the Wilderness —
Cold Harbor and Petersbuig — Mustered Ont — Members from Cuya-
hoga County -Fourteunth Infantry — Mention of its Services — Its
Members from this County — Seventeenth Infantry — Mention of its
Services — Members from this County — The Colonel of the Twentieth.

EIGHTH INFANTRY.

The connection of the Eighth with Cuyahoga is
confined to Company B, having eighty men, and one or
two of Company D. These were enlisted originally
for the three-months service, in response to the Presi-
dent's first call for troops in April, 18C1. In June
following all of the companies, except Company I,
were re-enlisted for three years. On July 9, 1861," the
regiment left Camp Dennison, and arrived on the
12th at West Union, Va. For several weeks it was
stationed among the mountains, and along the Balti-
more and Ohio railroad, where the men suffered
severely from fever. At "Maggotty Hollow" over
three hundred were in the hospital, and thirty-five
deaths resulted in a short time.

On September 24th, the Eighth engaged in the
battle of Komney. At Hanging Rock it was under
fire, and lost several in killed and wounded. On
October 24th, for a second time at Romney, and soon
afterwards at Blue's Gap. On February 14, 1862
it was engaged at Bloomey Gap; on March 18th
at Cedar Creek, and on the 19th at Strasburg as
skirmishers. The regi ment was deployed as skirmish-
ers before and after the battle of Winchester. The
killed and wounded during this battle was more than
one-fourth of its number.

During March and April the regiment skirmished
at Woodstock, Mount Jackson, Edinburg and New
Market. In May, from Eectortown it skirmished
a distance of eighteen miles. At Chickahominy
Swamps it was again engaged; losing seven wounded.
At South Mountain the Eighth formed part of the
reserve corps, not actively engaged, but skirmished at
Boonsboro' and Reedyville.

At Antietam, while ^engaged, the Eighth and the
Fourteenth Indiana were obliged to change front
which was done with great steadiness, saving the
brigade from rout.

The regiment moved with its corps to Bolivar
Heights, and on October 1st, to Leesburg. From
there to Falmouth, skirmishing at Hulltown, Snicker
Gap and United States Ford. At Fredericksburg the
Eighth was in the right wing. In passing up Han-
over street, it lost twenty-eight, and at the close of the
battle the loss was thirty-four killed and wounded. The
regiment was under constant fire for nearly four days
at Chancellorsville, losing only two killed and eleven
wounded. At Gettysburg, July 2d, the regiment

captured and held a well defended knoll; three times
repulsed the attacks of superior numbers, and cap-
tured three stands of colors. Its loss was one
hundred and two killed and wounded. The regiment
engaged in several skirmishes prior to August 15,
1803, when it was sent to New York to quell the
riots. Returning to the field, it was engaged at Au-
burn and Bristow, October 14th, having two wounded.
On November 27th, 28th and 29th, the regiment acted
as skirmishers _ at Robinson's Cross Roads, Locust
Grove and Mine Run, losing several men. At the
battle of Morton's Ford, February 6, 1864, several
officers and men were wounded.

At the Wilderness the Eighth was engaged on May
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th, losing in all over
sixty killed and wounded. It also engaged in numer-
ous skirmishes from Spotsylvania to Petersburg; took
and held a fort at North Anna, and fought at Cold
Harbor and Petersburg.

At the expiration of its term the Eighth was in the
trenches before Petersburg with only seventy-two
officers and men.

On July 13, 1864, the regiment was formally
mustered out of service.

MEMiSEKS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY B.

William Kinney, enr. as Captain April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the

regiment July 13, 1864.
James K. O'Reilly, enr. as First Serg-ant April 18, 1861; promoted to
First Lieutenant September 23, 1862, and to Captain March 3, 18M.
Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864.
William Delaney, enl. as First Lieutenant April 18, 1861; wounded at

Antiefam September 17, 1862. Died September 33d, 1862.
Thomas F. Galway, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to Second
Lieutenant September 7, 1863, and to First Lieutenant January 30,
1863. Mustered out with the regiment.
John Lautry, enl. as Second Lieutenant April 18, 1861. Killed at Antie-
tam September 18, 1863.
John Hennessey, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861, Mustered out with the

regiment.
John G. Fairchild, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to First

Sergeant. Wounded July 3, 1864.
Charles McCartney, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Mustered out with

the regiment.
John Tracey, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis-
charged for disability December 20, 1863.
Chauncey Lathrop, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1863. Discharged for dis-
ability November 36, 1863.
Edward J. Newell, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant;

wounded May 18, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment.
James Kelly, enr. as Corporal April 18, 186 r; promoted to Sergeant.

Died of wounds, July 7, 1803, received at Gettysburg.
Richard O'Rourke, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. In hospital at Wash-
ington May 12, 1864.
Patrick O'Leary, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant.

Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864.
John Reedy, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Discharged September 23'

WiUiam H. Alderman, enl. June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan.
uary 6, 1803.

Joseph Burton, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged' for disability November

33, 1802.
John Burk, enl. June 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1863.
William Brown, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg, July *

3, 1863.
Henry Black, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.
James Brown, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.
Lewis Buhran, enl. June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability November

30, 1863.
Samuel Brown, enl. June 33,1861; promoted to Corporal same day.

Mustered out with the Regiment.
William Cones, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863.
John E. Chichester, enl. May 25, 1861. Died December 28, 1863, of

wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia.

EIGHTH, FOtTHTSMTH AND SEVENTEENTH INEANTRY.

Patrick Cashen, enl. June 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Eegiraent.
Stephen J. Carr, enl. June 8, 1861, Killed December 29, 1861, at Wire

Bridge, Virginia.
Frederick Connelly, enl. June 13, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.
William Campion, enl. June 15, 1861. Killed September 17, 1862, at

battle of Antietam, Maryland.
James Conlan, enl. June 9, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; wounded at

Wilderness, May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.
James Denief , enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Durophey, enl. Jnne 10, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps |
July 15, 1863. |

Joseph Evans, enl. June 15, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Mustered out

with the Regiment.
Jacob Frailer, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Charles Gallagher, enl. June 11, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Edward Gibbons, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
Edward Gorman, enl. Juno 22, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, May

11, 1864.
Edward Greer, enl. April 18, 1861.

John Hogan, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
James Hardway, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged for disability, May 11,

1863.
Henry Hall, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
James Higgins, enl. June 9, 186$. Died October 24, 1861, at New Creek,

Virginia.
Simon Hogan, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability, August 26,

1863.
William Joyce, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged tor disability January 5,

1863.
Francis Kelly, enl. June 11, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863.
Eugene Lahore, enl. April 18, 1861.

Joseph Lloyd, enl. April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
James Laeper, enl. June 13, 1861. Discharged for disability October 26,

1861.
f homas Largee, enl. June 15, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment

July 13, 1864.
Peter Mainans, enl. April 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; mustered

out with the Regiment.
Joseph Moonshine, enl. April 18, 1861 . Discharged for disability March

21, 1863.
Henry H. McKeever, enl. April l'^, 1861- Discharged tor disability Feb-
ruary 17, 1863.
Bernard Milvey, enl. June 11, 1861. Disi barged for disability April 18,

1864.
John Malone, enl. June 11, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; wounded May

15, 1864. Left in Hospital in Rhode Island .
John D. McNamara, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability De-
cember 17, 1862.
Alexander McLain, enl. June 21, 1861. Discharged for disability Au-
gust 13, 1862.
Allen McDougall, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged for disability Novem-
ber 13, 1862.
Thomas Munson, enl . June 1 , 1861 . Discharged for disability August 13,

1862.
William McDonald, enl. June 18, 1861. Discharged for disability De-
cember 20, 1861 .
Bernard McGuire, enl, June 32, 1861. Died, July 10, 186.3, of wounds

received at Gettysburg .
Keyton Niggle, enl. June to, 1861. Discharged Eordisability July 6, 1801.
William O'Hallem, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged fur disability May

3, 1862.
Thomas O'Kelly, enl. April 18, 1861. Dis barged for disability May 2,

James O'Neil, enl, June 9, 1861, Transferred to Invalid Corps August

Gardiner Oaks, eni, June 14 1861 , Dischai-ged October 23, 1862,

John Quinn, enl. June 14, 1801. Killed at Spottsylvama, May 24, 1864.

James C. Rogers, enl. April 18, 1801, Discharged for disability Aprd

ThomassTuires, enl. Jnne 10, 1801. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Sheridan, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Shepherd, enl. June 17, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland

September 17, 1862. j j t , <■ iqcq

George T. Upright, enl. April 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1803,
George R. Wilson, enl. June 14, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg,

3 1863
Alfred Wood, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment
Charles F. Wamekey, enl. April 18,

at Cumberland, Maryland.
David Wilson, enl. June 1. 1861
John Garvey, enl. June 5,

7th Virginia Volunteers,

17, 1862. rinfoher 31 186^1; transferred to 4th Ohio Battal-

'°'LTo:p-y B°tre';4'U. Discharged at end of term, Novem-
her 28, 1804.

July

1801.

Discharged for disability

Mustered out with the Regiment.

1861 ; transferred to and commissioned in

Killed at /Vntietam, Maryland, September

COMPANY D.

Joseph Dewalt, enl. June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment
July 13, 1864.

FOURTEENTH INFAKTUT.

The members of this regiment from Cuyahoga
county, nine in number, were enlisted in 1864 in
Cos. A, I and K. As members of the Fourteenth
they engaged with tlie regiment in the battle at
Jonesboro, pursued Hood's troops on their advance
into Tennessee, joined Sherman's forces at Atlanta,
and participated in the " March to the Sea," and
tlirough the Carolinas to Goldsboro' and Raleigh.

The regiment was mustered out at Louisville in
July, 18G5.

MEMBEIIS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY A.

Thomas Hines, enl, September 2", 1804. Discharged with the regiment

July 11, 1865.
Henry Lesson, enl. September 26, 1801, Discharged .Tune 3, 1865,
Francis L, Jones, enl, September 26, 1864, Discharged June .3, 1865.

COMPANY I.

David Loper, enl. December 15, 1863. Promoted to Corporal May 1,
1804, and to Sergeant November 20, 1864. Mustered out with the
regiment July 11, 1865.

George Burton, enl. January 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment.

Robert J. Barnes, enl. September 23, 1804. Discharged June 3, 1805.
Edward Condon, enl. September 27, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1805.

COMPANY K.

Isaac Parker, enr. as Corporal December 15, 1803. Discharged June 10,

1805.
Joseph StuU, enl. Septemter 23, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1865.

SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY.

The members from Cuyahoga county in the Seven-
teenth were ten in number, nine of whom were en-
listed in Co. E in 1864, and saw but very little service
that could be called severe. They followed Sherman
through the Carolinas, passed in review before the
President at Washington, and were mustered out at
Louisville in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry J Herrick, enrolled as Assistant Surgeon February 14, 1862.
Promoted to Surgeon December 12, 1802. Resigned September 20,
1864.

COMPANY E.

Julian Berbinger, enlisted September 26, 1864. Died at Savannah, Geor

gia, March 2, 1805.
Walter H. Teeple, enl. September 27, 1864. Died at Goldsboro, North

Carolina, March 24, 1862.
James McBride, enl. September 22, 1864. Discharged June 7, 1865.
Wilham Neville, enl September 23, 1804. Discharged June 7, 1805.
Henry Stark, enl. September 86, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865.
Archibald Scott, enl, September 28, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865.
WiUiam Simps, enl , September "24, 1864 , Discharged June 7, 1865 ,
James Wilson, enl. September 26, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865,
John Wetzel, enl, September 23, 1804, Discharged June 7, 1865.

TWENTIETH INFANTRY.

Charles Whittlesey, appointed Assistant Quarter Master General of
Ohio, April 15, 1801; Chief MiUtary Engineer of State of Ohio, July
4, 1801; ColonelTwentieth Infantry August 19, 1801; Chief Engineer
Military Department of Ohio September 23, 1801. Resigned April
19, 1802.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CtJYAHOGA COtJNTY.

CHAPTER XIX.

THE TWENTY-THIHD INFANTRY,

Ct^lebrated Officers — Number from Cuyahoga — The Regiment serves
in West Virginia^ Carnifex Ferry — Services in Autumn and Winter
of 1861 — A Winter March— A Sharp Fight— A Forced March —Bat-
tle of South Mountain — Hiyes wounded— A Brilliant Bayonet
Charge — Antietam - Corporal BuITs Pistol — Back in West Virginia —
The Victory of Cloyd Mountain - New River Bridge — Hunter's Expe-
dition to Lynchburg — Retreat — Extraordinary Hardsliips — In the
Shenandoah Valley — The Battle of Winchester — Fighting all Sum-
mer — The Battle of Opequan — Crossing a SI iugh — A Complete Vic-
tory — North Mountain — Cedar Creek — Sheridan in the Field — An-
other Victory — Colonel Hayes made a Brigadier — Subsequent Ser-
vices of the Regiment- Mustered Out.

This regiment has become celebrated by the number
of distinguished men who have graduated from its
ranks. When it was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio,
in the month of June, 18G1, its colonel was William
S. Rosecrans, afterwards major general and com-
mander of the army operating in middle Tennessee;
its lieutenant-colonel was Stanley Matthews, late
United States senator, and its major was Rutherford
B. Hayes, now President of the United States. Col.
Rosecrans was appointed a brigadier general within a
few days afterwards, and was succeeded by E. Parker
Scammon, who also, at a later day, became a brig-
adier. Among the subsequent colonels was James M.
Comly, now minister to the Sandwich Islands.

There were in all two hundred and forty-six mem-
bers of the regiment from Cuyahoga county, includ-
ing the whole of Company A, the greater part of
Company D, and a few men each in Companies E, F,
G and I.

On tiie 25th of July, 1861, the regiment proceeded
to Clarksburg, West Virginia, and was occupied
throughout the summer in that State, operating
against guerrillas, guarding important points, etc.
In the forepart of September the Twenty-Third, as
a part of Gen. Rosecrans' army, marched to Carnifex
Ferry, where, on the evening of the tenth of that
month, it was busily engagaged in skirmishing with
the enemy. The latter abandoned his position during
the night, and was pursued by the Twenty-Third and
other regiments to Big Sewell Mountain. The regi-
ment soon fell back to Camp Ewing on Xew river,
where they remained several months, suffering severely
from sickness.

During the autumn the Twenty-Third was thor-
ouglily drilled by its officers, and soon attained great
proficiency. In January and February, 1862, Com-
panies A, B, F, and G, were stationed at Raleigh
Court-House, under Major Comly, and on the tenth
of the latter month that officer marched with his men
twenty-eight miles through a snow storm to the month
of Blue Stone river, driving .a regiment of rebel in-
fantry across that stream, and capturing their tents,
forage, etc. The gallantry and fortitude displayed in
this exploit were highly complimented by Gen. Rose-
crans in general orders.

The regiment remained in winter quarters until the
32d of April, when it moved in the advance of the
brigade toward Princeton, under the command of

Lieutenant Colonel Hayes. On the 8th of May nine
companies of the Twenty-Third were attacked by
four rebel regiments under General Heth, and after a
gallant resistance, were forced to retreat. Soon after,
the command proceeded to Flat Top mountain, where
it remained until the middle of July.

After the month spent at Green Meadow, the
regiment made a forced march of a hundred and four
miles in a little over three days (claimed to be the
fastest on record by a force of that size) to the Great
Kanawha, whence it went by boat and car to Wash-
ington, D. C. Thence it proceeded under Gen. Mc-
Clellan to meet Lee, and on the 14th of September,
1862, engaged in the battle of South Mountain.

This was the first severe battle in wliich the regiment
took part, and it proved to be one of the hardest in
which it ever was engaged. Though only a compara-
tively small portion of the army was in this battle,
yet that portion was called on to display its utmost
courage. The enemy was posted behind stone-walls^
and poured in musketry, grape and canister on our
advancing columns at short range, and with terrible
effect. About nine o'clock the Twenty-Third, three
hundred and fifty strong, commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel Hayes, advanced with the utmost gallantry.
In a short time that officer was badly wounded,
Lieut. Henry G. Hood, of Cuyahoga county, met with
a similar misfortune, and a hundred officers and men
(nearly thirty per cent, of the whole number) were
killed and wounded.

Major Comly then took command, and engaged
successfully with a rebel force on the left. Col.
Hayes soon came back with his wound half dressed,
and insisted on fighting, against the remonstrance of
his officers, until, weak from from loss of blood, he
was carried from the field. The whole brigade now
made a gallant charge across an open field against the
enemy ensconced behind a stone-wall- Our inform-
ant, Lieut. Benjamin Killam, who was wounded in
the battle, declares that the only men he saw killed
with the bayonet in the numerous conflicts in which
he took part, were slain in this charge. With cheers
of defiance the Union men rushed foi'ward at the top
of their speed across the open space. The rebels re-
mained behind the wall until their enemies were
springing over it. They then attempted to escape,
but many of them were slain with the bayonet before
they could do so.

Two other bayonet charges were made by the brig-
ade during the day, but the rebels broke before they
could be reached. The regiment, in company with
its division, continued the contest until near night-
fall, the enemy being driven back at all points.
Nearly two hundred men of the Twenty-Third, more
than half the whole number engaged, had been killed
or wounded. Among the former was Capt. Abraham
G. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county; among the latter
from that county were Joshua L. Barnes, John Dunn
and Thaddeus G. Ross. The severity of the conflict
was also emphasized by the condition of the colors,

TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY.

which were riddled with bullets, the "field" being
almost entirely carried away.

At Antietam the regiment was less severely en-
gaged, but even there it suffered seriously from a flank
attack by the enemy in which the colors were shot
down, although they were immediately replanted by
Major Comly in a new line, where the regiment
quickly established itself and succeeded in repulsing
its assailants.

Among the mortally wounded at Antietam was
Corporal Sheridan B. Bull, of Solon, in this county.
He fell just as the regiment was compelled to give
way before the sudden attack of the enemy. He car-
ried a pistol marked with his name, "S. E. Bull."
Seeing the enemy advancing, he hastily dug a hole
and concealed the weapon. . One of his comrades.
Private Henry, noticed the act, and made a hasty ob-
servation of the surrounding objects. Both men were
captured. Bull died while a prisoner; Henj-y re-
covered and was exchanged. Sixteen and a half
years after the battle, in the month of April last, Mr.
Henry, then principal of the public schools at Coshoc-
ton, Ohio, revisited the field of strife, discovered the
locality in question, and after a little digging had the
good fortune to find the pistol of his old comrade,
badly rusted but still intact, and still bearing the name
"S. B. Bull," cut by the fingers of the young patriot
when he went forth to battle for his country. The
weapon was sent to Corporal Bull's father, L. S. Bull,
Esq., now postmaster at Solon, mentioned in the his-
tory of that township as a son of the earliest settler.

In October the Twenty-Third returned to West
Virginia, where Col. Scammon was appointed a brig-
adier-general. Lieut. -Col. Hayes was commissioned
as colonel. Major Comly as lieutenant-colonel, and
Capt. J. P. Mcllrath, of Cuyahoga county, (Captain
of Company A) as major.

The regiment was on garrison and scouting duty in
West Virginia, without being called on for very seri-
ous work, from this time until the last of April, 1864,
when it marched with the forces under General Crook
in a raid on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad.
The men made a very severe march through moun-
tains, forests and snows, and on the 9th of May found
the enemy intrenched on the first crest of Cloyd
Mountain.

Passing through a belt of woods, the line came to
an open meadow, beyond which was a wooded hill,
with rough breastworks near the top defended by in-
fantry and artillery. Led by its officers, the regiment
charged swiftly across the meadow under a heavy fire,
and then, after a brief pause, dashed up the hill and
drove the rebels from their intrenchments at the point
of the bayonet. Our informant, previously mentioned,
describes it as "a sharp, little fight while it lasted."
Two attempts were made by the rebels to rally higher
up the mountain, but in both cases they were easily

routed.

Capt. A. A. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county, (com-
mander of Company K) was killed in the action, and

forty or fifty officers and men were killed and wounded.

At New River Bridge, on the same expedition, (May
10, 1864,) there was a sharp and successful skirmish,
after which the bridge and several miles of the Vir-
ginia and Tennessee railroad were destroyed.

After another month of hard marching and occa-
sional skirmishing over the mountains of West Vir-
ginia, the command joined General Hunter's foi'ces at
Staunton, in the Shenandoah valley, on the 8th of
June. The whole command then proceeded up the
valley and across toward Lynchburg. They defeated
the enemy in a sharp fight two miles from that city,
but as no attack was made that night, heavy re-en-
forcements were brought up from Richmond, and its
capture became impracticable.

The army then retreated to West Virginia. The
whole expedition was one of extraordinary severity, on
account of the hard marching through the moun-
tains accompanied by a great lack of food. During
nine days of continuous marching and fighting the
men had less than quarter rations, and when they at
length met a supply-train they are described by an
officer present as camping and "eating all night."

In the following month Crook's command, includ-
ing the Twenty-Third, was ordered to the Shenandoah
valley to meet Early. On the 34th of that month the
regiment took part in one of the numerous battles of
Winchester. This was one in which the United
States forces were defeated; the Twenty-Third having
ten officers and a hundred and forty-three officers and
men killed and wounded.

It were idle to attempt to recount the unnumbered
marches, countermarches and minor conflicts which
occurred during the remainder of the summer. They
may be summed up in the words of the gentleman
before quoted, "we were fighting all the time,"
said he; "We fought more that summer than we did
during all the rest of our service." During the sum-
mer the Twenty-Third was consolidated with the
Twelfth the new regiment comprising seven com-
panies of the former and three of the latter, and
retaining the name of the Twenty-Third.

At the battle of Opequan, on the 19th of Septem-
ber, Hayes' bi-igade, including the Twenty-Third,
was in advance on the extreme right of the infantry.
After driving back the enemy's cavalry and coming
under fire from his infantry, the brigade reached a
slough, some fifty yards wide, in which the water was
nearly waist deep, while beneath it was a bed of soft
mud, of varying depth and treacherous consistency.

The whole line halted at this formidable obstacle,
but Colonel Hayes, the brigade commander, plunged
in, and, although his horse several times fell in the
mud, urged him on and reached the farther shore, the
first one across. The brigade followed, many men
being drowned in the treacherous morass, but most
of them reached the farther shore, formed their lines,
dashed upon the enemy and drove them back. This
was repeated several times; the cavali-y charging
every time, and capturing a large number of prison-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY.

ers. The division commander was wounded and car-
ried from the field; leaving Colonel Hayes in com-
mand, who led the division during the remainder of
the battle with the most reckless gallantry — half of
the time being in advance of the line of infantry.

The result of the whole battle was a complete vic-
tory for the Union arms, eight battle flags and several
thousand prisoners being captured, of which the
Twenty-Third took two hundred.

At the battle of North Mountain, Hayes' brigade
charged with such fury that the rebels made almost
no resistance and were driven in utter rout from their
intrenchments, while the Unionists suffered very
little loss.

On the 19th of October th« Twenty-Third took
part in the battle of Cedar Creek; the conflict which
has become celebrated throughout the country by the
meteor-like appearance of Sheridan on his coal-black
steed to retrieve the fortunes of the day. The enemy
having stolen across an unguarded ford. Crook's com-
mand and the Nineteenth corps were driven back
with heavy loss. At length, however, they established
themselves on a new line, and were awaiting develop-
ments when Sheridan dashed up from Winchester.
A roar of cheers greeted him, and, after making the
necessary arrangements, he ordered the advance of
the line. Another great victory was the result; the
infantry driving back the enemy again and again,
and the cavalry, as before, charging each time and
capturing prisoners by the thousand.

Colonel Hayes was promoted to brigadier general
and Lieutenant-Colonel Comly to colonel for their
part in the battle of Cedar Creek; their commissions
both dating from that day.

The regiment remained in the valley and in West
Virginia during the remainder of the war, but was
not called on to take part in any important conflicts.
It was mustered out on the 25th of July, 1865, and
then proceeded to Camp Taylor, Cleveland, where
the men were paid off and discharged.

MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Russell Hastings, enr, as Second Lieutenant Company I, May 23, 1861;

promoted to First Lieutenant March 23, 1862; to Captain Company

K August 8. 1863 ; and to Lieutenant Colonel March 8, 1865. Mustered

out with the regiment.
James P. Mcllrath, enr. as Captain May 18, 1861; promoted to Major

November 3, 1862. Mustered out at end o£ term, June 11, 1864.
Harry Thompson, enr. as First Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to

Second Lieutenant July 24. 1861 ; to First Lieutenant September 24,

1862; to Captain June 14, 1864; and to Major March 8, 1865. Mustered

out with regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Jehial L. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal Company A May 18, 1861; pro-
moted to Sergeant November 30, 1863, and transferred to Non-Com-
missioned Staff, with rank of Commissary Sergeant January 12, 1865.
Mustered out with the regiment July 26, 1865.

Edward V. Spring, enr. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned
Staff as Chief Musician July 1, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

James Thompson, enl. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned
Staff as Commissary Sergeant July 1, 1864; promoted to Quarter-
Master Sergeant January 12, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

COMPANY A

Eugene Clarli, transferred from Company I, and made Captain Company
A May 1, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

-t-

Wallace J. Woodward, tnr. as First Lieutenant May 18, 1861. Promoted

to Captain Company G July 24, 1861.
Benjamin Killam, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant

November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant January 14, 1804; and to

First Lieutenant July 1 1864. Mustered out with the regiment.
John F. Wall, enr. as Second Lieutenant May 18, 1861; promoted to First

Lieutenant July 24, 1861. Resigned September 19, 1861.
George W. Hicks, enr, as Sergeant May 18, 1661; promoted to Second

Lieutenant February 8, 1862, and to First Lieutenant November 20,

1862. Resigned June 11, 1864.

William P. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal May IS, 1861; promoted to
Sergeant; to Second Lieutenant November 3, lf62; and to First Lieu-
tenant August 8, 1863. Mustered out at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Frederick Thompson, enr, as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Ser"
geant November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant October 11, 1864; and
to First Lieutenant April 20, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment,

Orville W. Richards, enr, as i orporal May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant; to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863, Mustered out with the
regiment.

Charles H, Moore, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second
Lieutenant July 14, 1864. Resigned September 23, 1864.

Charles A, Willard, enr. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant November
30, 1863 ; and to Second Lieutenant April .30, 1865. Mustered out with
the regiment.

Charles H. Morgan, enr. May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; and to
Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863 Transferred to Company D May
1, 1865,

Leander H, Lane. enr. as Corporal Company D May 20, 1861 ; promoted
to Sergeant November 27, 1863; to Second Lieutenant of CompanyA
July 34, 1864; to First Lieutenant Company G July 21, 1864.

Hugh McCanna, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to First Sergeant May 1>
1865. Mustered out with the regiment, July 26, 1865.

Cassius L. Mather, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1,
1803; and to Sergeant April 20, 1665. Mustered out July 36, 1865.

James Hays, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coiporal November 30,
1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865, Mustered out with the regiment.

Nathan I, Kelley, enl. May 18, 1661 ; promoted to Corporal November 30,
1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865. Mustered out ivith the regiment,

John K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863,
Mustered out with the regiment,

Eli H, Botsford, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863,
Mustered out with the i egiment,

Charles Biseut, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal November 30,

1863. Mustered out with the regiment,

Charles Hartman, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal January 24,
1865. Mustered out B-ith the regiment.

John Black, enl. as private May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal May 1
1863. Mustered out with the regiment.

David T. Howe, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral May 1, 186B,
Mustered out with the regiment,

Thomas Bowra, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the regiment,

Joiiu Biseut, enl. February 5, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment.

Hugh Cameron, enl. Dectmber 31, 1S63. Mustered out with regiment.

John H. Clute, enl. Januarj' 5, 1864, Mustered out with the regiment.

Joseph C. Caldwell, enl. November 1, 1863. Mustered out with regiment.

Charles E. Dermott, enl, Dec, 22, 1863, Mustered out with the Regiment,

Charles E, Dibble, enl, Feb, 24, 1364. Mustered out with the Regiment.

James B Greenup, enl. Feb . 24, 1864, Mustered out with the Regiment,

James A. Hill, enlisted May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Johnson Black, enl . Nov . 29, 1863 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Albert G. Bently, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered out with theEegiment.

Norman H. Bull, enl. Feb. 19, 18B4. Slustered out with the Regiment.

Frederick Hanna, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Francis Halpin, enl. May 18, 1861 , Mustered out with the Regiment,

Oren S. Hoyt, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered cut with the Regiment.

Levi S. Harper, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Patrick Hogan, enl. January 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

John Kalbrunner, enl Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Wilham Lett, enl. Decembers, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Edward Lynch, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

George Kempf, enl. May 18,1861. Mustered out with theEegiment.

James S . Mitchell, enl. May 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Martin McGrath, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Oliver R. Mosley, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Edward A . Parmalee, enl. January 28, 1664 Mustered out with the Reg-
iment.

EdwardJ. Stephens, enl. January 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg-
iment.

Alexander Stewart, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment.

Charles Stahl, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

William H, Sawyer, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment.

Bernard Schmitz, enl. May 18, 1661. Mustered out with the Reguneut.

Charles P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Joseph Zelenka, enl. May 18. 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

James Palmer, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal and to Sergeant
January 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Henry L. Braddish, enl. May 18, 1861. Taken prisoner May 9, 1664.

TWENTY-THIRD INFANTEY.

Ira Burlingame, enl. January 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Eegimeut.

John Caldwell, enl. January 23, 1864. Left, sick, at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, May 5, 1865.

Franklin Giles, enl. January 4, 1864. Taken prisoner.

George Watson, enl. December 23, 1863. Left, sick, at Harpers Ferry,
Virginia, .

Sheridan E. Bull, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Killed at Antietam,
Maryland, September 17, 1862.

Michael Butler, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Killed in ac-
tion, May 9, 1864.

Joshua L. Barnes, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Mary-
land, September 14, 1862.

George S. Ayres, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Killed in action, July 24, 1864.

John Dunn, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Maryland,
September 14, 1862.

Charles H. Hickox, enl. May 18. 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Vir-
ginia, May 9, 1884.

Jacob Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Virginia,
May 9, 1864.

John G. Monger, enl. January 27, 1864. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,
July 24, 1864.

Thadeus A. Ross, enl. May 18, 1864. Killed at South Mountain, Mary-
laud, September 14, 1862.

Frank W. Bumell, enl. May 19, 1861. Died at Green Meadows, Virginia,
August 5, 1862.

Robert C. Cornwall, enl. May 18, 1861. Died of wounds received in ac-
tion, November 3, 1862.

Henry H. Cragin, enl. May 18, 1861 . Died at Wheeling, West Virginia,
December 24, 1863.

Manville Clark, enl. February 24, 1864. Died at Parkersburg, West
Virginia, July 27. 1864.

Joseph W. Fell, enl. May IS, 1861. Drowned in Little Kanawha river,
August 23, 1861.

Lorenzo A. Fuuver, enl. January S3, 1864. Died in rebel prison at
Danville, Virginia.

Henry E. Hazen, enl. May 18, 1861. Died at Cross Lanes, Virginia, Octo-
ber 2, 1861.

William H. Hubbell, enl. February 23, 1864. Died in rebel prison at
Danville, Virginia.

Abram S. Johnson, enl. February 25, 1864. Died at Frederick City,
Maryland, October 19, 1864.

Alva A. Rice, enl. February 5, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Savannah,
Georgia, August 25, 1864.

Harry Thompson. (See Field and Staff.) • "

Henry M. Haven, enr. as Sergeant, May 18, 1861. Promoted to Captain
of Company G, December 10, 1861,

Alfred A. Jerome, enl . May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal and to Ser-
geant November 30, 1863. Discharged for disabiUty June 5, 1865.

James E. Doughty, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Pomoted to Sergeant
February 14, 1862.

AsaM. Van Sickle, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged
for disability July 1, 186a.

George C. Thurston, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged at end of term, June 11, 1864.

James H. Armour, enl May 18,.1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged
at end of term June 11, 1864.

Stephen Lejeune, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Discharged for disa-
bility April 3, 1865.

Sylvester F. Moore, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability April

' 2, 1862.

John S. Chapman, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged January 5, 1865.

Wilbur Bentley, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability May 16, 1865.

Henry Burmester, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability May 28, 1863.

Andrew S. Barker, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged Jaauary 80, 1863, in
order to join the Cavalry.

Thomas 0. Connors, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H,
March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1861.

John O. Corvin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H, March
15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Michael Deady, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability February
26, 1863.

John Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Sanford H. Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability June 2, 1865.

Andrew M. Green, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June
11, 1864.

Edward E. Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864,
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Joseph S. Harris, enl. May 18, 1861, Promoted July 1, 1862, to Sergt.

Frederick Harris, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

John E. Hewitt, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability.

Henry W. Higby, enl. May 18, 1861. Traosf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

George W. Jenkins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11,
1864.

Thomas Jones, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864,
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

David H. Kimberly, enl. Miy 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11,
1864.

Washington Litoh, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Henry C. Lufkin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, Feb. 27,1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864 .

William G. Lee, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. tor disability June 5, 1865.

Edgar G. Meekins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability June 1,1882.

Edwin F. Parker, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

James K. Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Joseph Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1881. Transferred March 1, 1862, to Com-
pany A, Forty-Second Regiment. Disoh. at end of term, July 6, 1864.

Charlts P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Joseph Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

WilUam A. TUl, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1868.

Isaac Ullman, enl. jiay 18, 1881. Disch. January 30, 1883, in order to
enUst in the Cavalry.

Henry S. Wenbau, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March
15, 1884. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

William Wallace, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of cerm, June 11, 1864.

Henry K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1881. Disoh. for disability.

Thomas J. u lugam, enl. May 18, 1881. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1862.

Philip C. Molliath, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861. Transferred to the
Brigade Band September 1, 1861.

Edwin B. Campbell, enl. May 18, 1881 ; promoted to Sergeant October 1,
1882. Was discharged and re-enlisted in the Tenth Cavalry, Com-
pany M, as Second Lieutenant, July 23, 1863.

Albeit Tucker, enl, February 21, 1861. Died at Germantown, Pennsyl-
vania, October 24, 1881.

D. B. Ainger, enl. December 17, 1883. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

Charles VV. Chapman, enl. j anuaty 5, 1884. Transferred co the Brigade
Baud Januaiy 6, 1864.

John Brunei', eiir. as Musiciau December 12, 188.j. Discharged for disa-
biUty June 14, 1865.

William Pettibone, enl. Jan. 11, 1884. Disch. tor disabiUty June 13, 1865.

Seth L Rhodes, enl. December 17, 1861. Died at Fayetteville, West Vir-
ginia, April 26, 1862.

Lorenzo D. Hunt, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. tor disability June 1, 1863.

James Olds, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864.

Asa Smith, enl. Deo. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864.

Edward W. Roscoe, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March
15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864

Augustus Berschig, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1865.

COMPAIir B.

Charles H. Morgan, enl. May 18, 1861, Company A; promoted to Ser-
geant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863. Transferred to
Company D, and promoted to First Lieutenant May 1, 1865; and to
Captain Company B May 29, 1865. Mustered out with regiment.

Henry Richardson, enr. Second Lieutenant Company D May 30, 1861 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant Company B July 24, 1861 ; to Captain
Company H, Fifth-Fourth Infantry, February 1, 1862.

COMPANY 0.

Benjamin Jackson, traasterred from Company I and made 1st Lieuten-
ant of Company 0, June 1, 1833. Mustered out with the Regiment.

John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergeant May 33, 1861 ; prom jted to 2d Lieuten-
ant July 33, 1861. Resigned September 22, 1861.

COMPANY D.

Howards. Lovejoy, enr. as Captain, May 20, 1881; wounded at Antietam,
Maryland, September 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863.

Charles H. Morgan, enlisted in Company A May 18, 1861; trans-
ferred to Company D and made 1st Lieutenant May 1, 1865. Trans-
ferred to Company B May 39, 1885.

John T. Ogden, enr. as Corporal May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant, to
2d Lieutenant April 20, .1864, and to 1st Lieutenant May .30, 1865.
Mustered out with the Regiment July 26, 1885.

Henry L. Hood, enl. Company G as 1st Lieutenant, June 7, 1861; trans-
ferred to Company D March 31, 1863, and September 4th returned to
Company G.

Abram A. Hunter, enr. as 1st Lieutenant May 30, 1861 ; promoted to
Captain Company K March 1, 1862.

Henry Richardson, ear. as 3d Lieutenant May 20, 1861 ; promoted to 1st
Lieutenant Company B July 34. 1881.

Edward Cameron, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant and to 1st
Sergeant March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 26, 1865.

John Gorman, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out
with the regiment.

Edwin Hawes, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

George W. Penn, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Musician and mustered
out with the regiment.

Corydon Bassett, enl. May 20, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment.

William Graeber, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Joel Hance, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment .

Edgar Leach, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment.

100

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Sylvester Leach, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Henry Marmilstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
David E. Scott, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
James Wortman, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered outwith the Reg.
John H. Lindley, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Killed

at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863.
Isaac W. Barker, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863.
Hiram Durkee, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863.
James Eldridge, enl. May 30, 1861. KUled at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1863.
Frederick Hooker, enl. May 30, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14,

1863.
Edward Sims, enl May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863.
WilUam W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. May 20, 1861. Died at FayettevjUe,

Va., Jan. 15, 1862.
Harvey K. Law, enl. May 20, 1861 ; promoted to Corp. Died at Camp

Ewing, Va., Nov. 2, 1861.
OrinF. Green, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., April

5, 1862.
Samuel ChfEord, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at rebel prison July 12, 1864.
Gilbert G. Held, enl. May 20, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April

25, 1865.
John R. Searl, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., March 16. 1862
Eliphalet I. Taylor, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Dis-
charged at end of term June 11, 1864.
Dennison C. Hanchett, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861; promoted to Sergt.

Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
Lucius F. Gilson, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Disch. at end

of term June 11, 1864.
Willis Chase, enl. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Discharged for

disability caused by wounds April 19, 1865 .
William E. Brooks, enl May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Discharged

at end of term June 11, 1864.
Olifton A. Bennett, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted July 28, 1863,

to Sergt. Discharged at end of term June 11, 1864.
James H. Goddard, enr. as Coi-p. May 20, 1861. Discharged at end of

term June 1 1 , 1864.
Edgar A. Price, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Discharged for disability

Dec. 18. 1863.
Abraham Tanner, enl. May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Disch. at end

of term June 11, 1864.
Daniel Baker, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 1, 1862.
William R, Boone, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. Sept. 20, 1861.
Jasper '. Cooley, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 14. 1863.
John O. Beirn, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 21, 1865.
James Crowder, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Nov. 23, 1862
John Eaton, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 29, 1863.
Milton H. Franks, enl. May 30, 1861 . Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1861 .
Thomas Flack, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Jan. 23, 1863.
John Goss, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. April 1, 1863.

Williaml. Holcomb, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability April 17, 186.3.
Jacob Hartman, enl. May 20, 1861 . Disch. for disability May 4, 1863.
Theodore Harris, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
David Peterman, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1862.
Martin Ryan, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 7, 1862.
Truman S. Seaman, enl. May 20, 1(!61. Disch. for disability June 5, 1862.
Marshall H. Sipler, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability March 16

1863.
Ephraim Stevens, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
LawrenceSquire, enl. May20, 1861. Taken prisoner July 24, 1664. Was

released and Disch. June 8, 1865.
Harry Wheeler, enl . May 20, 1861 . Disch . for disabihty Sept . 20, 1861 .
Sumuel Ward, enl. May 20, 1861 Disch. for disability Oct. 85, 1863.
Henry Agar, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf . to Co. K March 14, 1864 Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.
-George Archer, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.

Mustered out July 6. 1864.
Joseph Brumley, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.

Mustered out June 30, 1864.
George S. Bidwell, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1S64.

Mustered out June -30, 1864.
Frederick V. Cogswell, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861.
Sampson C. Curtiss, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5,

Mustered out June 30, 1864.
David Danby. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.

tered out July 6, 1864.
Ransom Fisher, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864, Mus-
tered out June 30, 1864.
William D. Hanson, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864

Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Joseph Hower, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.
Philip Holzworth, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864

Mustered out July 6, 1864. '

Henry M. Holzworth. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864

Mustered out July 6. 1864. '

Theodore W. Ingersoll, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5
1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 . '

1864.

Mus-

William Jones, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Allen H. Larned, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

George Lowenstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Anson K. Mills, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Charles E. Manchester, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14,
1864. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Henry Montague, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6,. 1864

Henry Molter, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Frederick Motrey, enl. May 20, 1851. Tiansf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Meredith McKinney, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March B, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864 .

George C. Reannourd, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5,
1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Addison A. Root, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K. March 14, 18M.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Warren Square, enl. May 20,- 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, lo64.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

James H. Waldo, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864..
Mustered out J une 30, 1864 .

Nelson H. Wing, enl May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Thomas J. Wiley, enl. May 20, 1861 . Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Charles Morgan, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Leander H. Lane, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov.
27, 1868, to 2nd Lieut Co. A, July 2, 1864.

Samuel McElroy, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March
14, 1864. Disch. with the Co. July 6, 1864.

COMPASY E.

Orson Holly, enl. Jan. 5. 186(. Promoted to Corp . June 28, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co July 26. 1865.
Jared S. Chamberlain, enl. March 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Featherly, enl . March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Scott F. Huntley, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Horace A. Little, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David C. Stover, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY P.

Alonzo Kingsbury, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Williams, enl. July 14, 1864. Disch. July 8, 1865.

COMPANY G.

Wallace J. Woodward, First Lieut. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom. toCapt.

Co. G, July 34, 1861. Died of fever at Camp Ewing, Nov. 6, 1861.
Henry M. Haven, enl. Sergt. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co.

G, Dec. 10, 1861. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862.
Henry G. Hood, enr. as 1st Lieut. June 7, 1861. Assigned to Co. D,

March 31, 1862 Promoted to Capt. Sept. 4, 1862, and returned to

Co. G. Wounded at South Mt., Md . Sept. 14, 1862. Disch. July9»

1864.
Leander H Lane, enr. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Sergt.

Nov. 27, 1863; to 2d Lieut. Co. A, July 3, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. G,

July 21, 1864, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 12, 1865.
Lewis Barrett, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 30, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Robert More, enr. as Captain May 22, 1861. Res. March 33, 1862.
Leander H. Lane, enl. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Made 3nd Lieut. Co.

A, July 2, 1864, 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 31, 1864, and Capt. Co. I,

Jan . 13, 1865 . Mustered out with the Co .
Eugene Clark, enr, as Corp. May 23, 1861. Promoted to Sergt; to 3nd

Lieut. June 11, 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 1, 1864, and to Captain Co.

A, May 1, 1865.
Charles P. Conant, enl. May 32, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. Nov. 30, 1863; to

2d Lieut. Oct. 8, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. April 20, 1865. Mustered out

with the Reg. July 26, 1885.
Benj W. Jackson, enr. as Sergt. May 33, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

March 23, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Jan. 1, 1863.
Russell Hastings. (See Field and Staff.]
Valcen Jackson, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. July 26, 1865.
Perry C. Carroll, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George C. Jones, enl. May 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Ryan, enl. June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Scribner, enl. Feb 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Walker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

101

John Hadloek, enl. June 8, 1864. Sick in Hosp. at Baltimore since April
15, 1865.

WilliamF. Greer, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864.
Charles Dille, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Aue 1.
.1864.

Orin C. Johnson, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury N

C, Dec. 16, 1864.
Charles Bliss, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability May 29, 1865.
Daniel B. Jenks, enl. Sept, 1. 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps Dec 31

1863.

COMPANY K.

Abram A. Hunter, enr. 1st Lieut. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. K, March 1, 1863. Wounded at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1862-

Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864.
Russell Hastings, enr. Co. I, as 3d Lieut. May 23, 1861. Made Capt. Co.

K, Aug. 8, 1863. Prom, to Lieut. Col. March 8, 1865.

CHAPTER XX.

TWENTY-FOURTH, T'WBNTr-SEVENTH AND THIS-
TY-SBVENTH INFANTRY, ETC.

Organization of the Twenty-fourth— Off to West Virginia^The Rebels
defeated— To Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— It goes
north with Buell—Perniville— Stone River— Two Commanders Killed
—Chickamauga— Mission Ridge— Dalton— Mustered out— Members
from this County— Twenty-fifth Infantry— Transferred Men— The
List— Twenty-seventh Infantry— Company G— Service in Missouri— In
Pope's Army— Battle of luka— Battle of Corinth— Parker's Cross
Roads— At Memphis — In Middle Tennessee — Re-enlistment -The At-
lanta Campaign— Dallas— Kenesaw—Nicojack Creek— Hard Fighting
before Atlanta— Heavy Losses— To the Sea— Muster out — Cuyahoga
Members— Thirtieth Infantry— Thirty-second Infantry— Thirty-third
Infantry — Thirty-seventh Infantry— The Number from this Connty
Ordered to West Virginia— Fight at Princeton— At Fayetteville— On
the Mississippi — The Assault on Vicksburg - Movement to Chatta-
nooga— Battle of Mission Ridge- Relief of Knoxville — Re-enlistment
— Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw— Before Atlanta — Battle of Ezra Chapel
—Jonesboro— Subsequent Services — Members from Cuyahoga County.

TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Chase in the
latter part of June, 1861. The records show that
fifty -four members, all Germans, were from Cuyahoga
county, headed by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain)
Jacob Diehl.

The regiment went to West Virginia in the latter
part of July, serving at Cheat Mountain Summit
during August and September. On the morning of
September 13th it was surrounded and attacked by
a brigade of rebel soldiers. After a skirmishing fight
of three hours the assailants fled, leaving some of
their number dead on the field besides a few who were
taken prisoners. The Twenty-fourth, being defended
by abatis, had only two men wounded. On the 3d of
October the regiment was slightly engaged at Green-
brier, having five men killed and wounded.

In November the Twenty-fourth moved to Ken-
tucky, joining the Tenth Division, Army of the
Ohio. In February, 1862, it proceeded to Nashville,
and thence in March went forward with Buell's army
to join Grant. It crossed the Tennessee in the after-
noon of April 6th, and immediately took part in the
battle of Pittsburg Landing. The next day it was
sharply engaged, though with comparatively slight
loss— four killed and twenty-eight wounded.

After serving in northern Mississippi and Alabama
it returned to Kentucky, and was present at the battle
of Perryville. It was with Rosecrans in his advance

13a

from Nashville in December, 1863, and was severely
engaged at Stone River, having two regimental com-
manders (Colonel Jones and Major Terry) killed in
succession in that battle. The whole loss was four
officers and ten men killed, and four officers and
sixty-nine men wounded, out of three hundred and
fifty -three present.

After light duty during tlie spring and summer of
1863, the regiment moved forward with Roseci'ans
and was warmly engaged at Chickamauga; in fact was
badly broken up, and suficred severely in killed and
wounded. The same fall the Twenty-fourth took
part in the great victory of Mission Ridge. It was
also in an engagement near Dalton, having ten men
killed and wounded. It saw some hard service during
the winter, but no more serious fighting. It was
mustered out in June, 1864.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY H.

Jacob Diehl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. May 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

May 7, 1862, and to Capt. Aug. 16, 1862. .Mustered out with the Co.

June 20, 1864.
William Hartraan, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 3, 1S62,

and to Sergt. Jan. 10, 1863.
JohnF. Weigold, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1863,

and to Sergt. June 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 20, 1864.
Henry Schoder, enl. May 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt.

April 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Pe er Hoffman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co .
Louis Seithard, enr. as Drummer April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the

Co.
William Dodel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Franz Florin, enl April 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Goebel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Geist, enr. as Corp. April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
Philip Grames, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew Hilbrunner, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Benoit Kling, enl. May 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Stahl, enl . April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co . June 20, 1864.
John Sommerholder, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Thode, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Emanuel Newman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at

Stone River, Tenn , Jan. 2, 1863.
Christoph Bergermaister, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va.,

Oct. 31, 1861.
Sunor Deggengier, enl. May 28, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862,
Jacoph Kinesel, enl May 1, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va. , Oct. 31, 1861.
John O'Neill, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va., Oct. 81, 1861.
Johann Suter, enl. April 24, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31,

1862.
Casper Weiss, enr. as Sergt. April 24, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec.

31, 1863.
Joseh Borlein, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn , Dec. 31,

1862
John Fry, enl. April 24, 1861 , Promoted to Corp. Died at Cleveland, O. ,

Feb. 15, 1862.
Franz Detombel, enl. May 25, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 2, 1861.
Charles Gusching, enl. May 10. 1861. Died at Mound City, III. , June 1,

1862.
John Henss, enl. May 1, 1861. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 10, 1862.
Jacob Schott, enl. May 6, 1861. Died at Mound City, 111., May 12, 1862.
Heinrich C. Hoyer, enl, April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Oct. 23,

1863.
Joseph Lehman, enl. April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6,

1863.
Patrick McNamara, enl. May 4, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6.

1863.
J acob Severs, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Transf . to Invalid Corps Oct.

14, 1863.
John Wehnes, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds, Nov.

12, 1862.
Christian Kramer, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds

Juiy 17, 1862.
Theodore Reilinger, enl . June 26, 1861 . Disch , on account of wounds

Jan. 21, 1862.

102

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Frederick Christian, eur. as Corp. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disabiiity

Oct. 9, 1862.
Frederick Draeger, enl. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disability Aug. 15,

1862.
Christopb Kayler, enl. June 12, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1862.
John Deyle, enl. Feb. 20, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1862.
William Frochleich, enl. June]2, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1861.
Jacob Hummel, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability April 2.3, 1862.
Alexander Hommel, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 10, 1862.
JohnHartman, enl. June 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1861.
Leonard Bernhart, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. , 1862 .
Jacob Miller, enl. April 24. 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1862.
John Morro-y, enl. June 26, 1861. Disch. for disability April, 1862.
Christopher Passold, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct.,

1862.
George Roth. enl. May 25, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct., 1862.
John Stauffer, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb.. 1863.
Christian Weber, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug.. 1861.
Henry Wilhams, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Appointed 2d Lieut., and

transf. to Co. I Jan. 9, 1862. Resigned Jan. 29, 1862.
George Arnold, enr. as Capt. April 24, 1861. Promoted to iVIajor 107th

Reg. Aug. 26, 1862.
Augustus Draeger, enr. Sergt. April 24, 1861. Resigned April 20, 1863.
William Machey, enl. May 1, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. ; and to Sergt.

Sept. 1, 1861. Mustered out June 20, 1864.
Jacob Graef. enr. as Corp. April 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

June 20, 1864.

TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

In July, 1865, forty-eight Cuyahoga men of the
One Hundred and Seventh Infantry were transferred
to the Twenty-fifth. Afterwards the latter served on
garrison and guard duty until June, 1866. It was
then sent home, mustered out on the eighteenth of
that month, some of the men having served over five
years.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANS' A.

David G. Parker, enl. Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. Nov. 30, 1865.

COMPANY D.

William Bixler, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

The following were transferred to the Twenty-fifth, from the One
Hundred and Seventh Infantry in July, 1865: Joseph Muller, John G.
McCauley, JohnW. Jorvu, Stephen Alge, GustusA. Augspurger, Pat-
rick Calaghan, Alvis Daul, Patrick Dillon, Gabriel Fertig, Henry Fight
James Goudy, Andrew Gauter, Peter Hirz, Anton Hillerick, John H.
Horst, WilUam Lauchley, Michael Maloney, John McConnick, George
Mueller, Christoph Mario, William Pluss, Samuel Pfister, William Pen-
dleton, James Pendleton, Frederick Prasse, John Sehaab, John Schmehl,
Gottleib Schwartz, JuUus Schoeneweg, John Traxel, Christian Wanger,
John Wanger, Hermann Wehagen, John Brown, Piatt Benjamin, John
Crane, George Ellsworth, George Hugill, George Ody, Gotfried Weiden-
kopf , Charles J ones, Edward Johnson, Charles Lyons, Gottleib Muntz,
John Schorr, Theodore Baldinger, Robert Dietzold, John Ley.

TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Forty-nine men, of Company G," were, according to
the record, the contribution of Cuyahoga county to
this regiment. Frank Lynch and Edward C. Gibson,
of this county, were respectively captain and second
lieutenant.

The regiment, from all parts of the State, was or-
ganized at Camp Chase in August, 1861. In the fall
it served in Missouri, and in February, 1862, joined
the Army of the Mississippi. In Jilarch it was ac-
tively engaged in the siege and capture of New Mad-
rid and Island No. Ten. In May, with the rest of
Pope's Army it joined Halleck, took part in the siege
of Corinth, and remained near that point with the
rest of the "Ohio brigade," as it was especially desig-
nated, during the summer months.

On the 19th of September the Ohio brigade took an
active part in the battle of luka, driving the enemy
back on the double quick as soon as it reached the bat-
tle field. On the third of October it was at the battle
of Corinth but not severely engaged. The next day
it supported Battery Robinett, the main object of the
rebel attack. The enemy made a desperate assault on
this position but were forced back with terrific loss.
The Twenty-seventh though partially sheltered, had
over sixty officers and men killed and wounded in a
very brief time.

In December, 1862, the Twenty-seventh was warmly
engaged with Gen. Forrest at Parker's Cross Roads,
Tenn; aiding in the capture of seven pieces of artillery,
besides prisoners and horses. It remained at Corinth
during the winter of 1862-3 and in the spring of 1863
went to Memphis where it stayed throughout the
summer. In October the Ohio brigade moved to mid-
dle Tennessee. There it re-enlisted as veterans, and
after its return from furlough it was broken up; the
Twenty-seventh becoming part of the First brigade,
Fourth division. Sixteenth army corps.

It took part in Sherman's Atlanta campaign. At
Dallas it aided in driving the enemy, and was also
engaged at Big Shanty. At Kenesaw it fought
hard and suffered heavy loss. At Nicojack creek, at
the head of its division, it charged the rebel works
with the bayonet and captured them. The regiment
was in its hardest battle on the 22d of July, 1864,
before Atlaufa, when McPherson was killed. It
charged the enemy repeatedly, and once, being at-
tacked from the rear, changed front under fire, dressed'
its line accurately, and again rushed forward to the
charge. Its loss was heavier than in any other battle.
Capt. Lynch v/as desperately wounded and was soon
after promoted to lieutenant colonel. During the
campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta the Twenty-
seventh had sixteen officers and a hundred and ninety-
five men killed and wounded — more than half its
number.

After the capture of Atlanta the Twenty-seventh
went with Sherman to the sea; took part in the cam-
paign of the Carolinas, and was mustered out in July,
1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Frank Lynch, enr. as Capt. Co. G July 27, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col.

Nov. 3, 1864. Wounded at Corinth and before Atlanta. Disch. May

20, 1865.
Charles H. Smith, enr. as Sergt. Co. G, July 27, 1861. Prom, to 2d Lieut.

Nov. 8, 1862; to 1st Lieut. May 9, 1864; to Capt. Nov. 3, 1864; and to

Major May 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Regt. July 11, 1865.

NON-OOMMISSIONED STAFF.

Gilbert M. Jacobs, enl. July 27, 1861, in Co. G. Prom, to Sergt,; and on
March 30, 1865, to Q. M. Sergt. Mustered out with Regt.

William D. Evans, ejir. as Musician July 27, 1861. Prom, to Chief Mu-
sician May 1, 1862. Mustered out with Regt. July 11, 1865.

Henry C. Parmalee, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Prin. Musician, and
transf. to Non-Com. Staff Nov. 1, 1862. Mustered out July 11, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Edward A. Webb, promoted to 1st Lieut, from Co. G Aug, 4, 1864; and
Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with Co.

TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

103

COMPANY a.

K. Heber Worth, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 , Prom, to Sergt. May 1,
1862; to 2d Lieut. June 27,-1864; to 1st Lieut. Sept. 26, 1864; and te
Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Resigned June 16, 1865.

Edward Gibson, enl. as 2d Lieut. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut-
March 31, 1862. Wounded three times at Corinth. Resigned March
14, 1864.

Henry W. Diebolt, enl. as Sergt. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 2d Lieut.
Feb. 6, 1:62; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Died May 28, 1864, of
wounds received near Dallas, Georgia .

Edward A. Webb, enr. as Corporal July 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec.
25, 1863; to 2d Lieut. June 27, 1864; and to 1st Lieut, and assigned to
Co. E Aug. 4, 1864.

Matthew F. Madigan, enl. July 27, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. March 30, 1865,
and to 1st Lieut. June 6, 1865. Mustered cut with the Co.

George S. Spaulding, enr. as Sergt. Prom, to 2d Lieut. Killed at Dal-
las, Georgia.

William B. Atwell, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec.
25,1863. Killed in action July 4, 1864.

George Small, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Transf.
to Invalid Corps Jan. 10, 1863.

Lucius B. Laney, enr. as Musician July 27, 1861. Disch. for diasability
Aug. 2, 1862.

Francis Gottka, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 18, 1864.

JohnBrennis, enl. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and
to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 11, 1865.

John H. Beman, enl. July 27, 1861.

Cleanthus Burnet, enl . July 27, 1861 . Discharged for disability caused
by wound received Oct. 4, 1862.

John B. Dawson, enl. July 27, 1861. Killed atCheraw, S. C, Feb. 27, 1865.

Milton Davis, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 16, 1863.

John Dillon, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by a fall,
June 10, 1862.

Orin B. Gould, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. April 19, 1864, for disability
caused by wounds received at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 2, 1862.

Samuel R. Grunnell. enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. March 2, 1863, in order to
enable him to re-enlist elsewhere.

Chester F. Griffith, enl. Jiily 27, 1871. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and
to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

PhiUp R. Harple, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

Taylor D. Hall, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability Dec. 23, 1861 .

James M. Hine, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Evansville, Ind., Aug. 20, 1862.

Thomas Johnson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Jacob Laux, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty June 3, 1865.

J[acob Loeder, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. Oct. 5, 1861.

James E. Ladley, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Re.
leased and discharged Dee. 23, 1861 .

Sebastian Miller, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end or term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Jeremiah T. McPherson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Deo. 2, 1862, on ac-
count of wounds reeeived at Corinth Oct. 4, 1861.

J ohn W. Mercer, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

Elbridge Myers, enl. July 27, 1861 . Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed
and disch. Dec. 23, 1861.

WUUam Neyland, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Thomas I. Plummer, enl. 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Kene-
saw Mountain, Georgia, June 33, 1864.

WUUam Parker, enl. July 27, 1861. Discharged for Disability, Oct. 5, 1861.

Asa Radway, enl. July 21, 1861 . Prom, to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mustered
out with the Co.

George W. Rathbum, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. July 29, 1863.

John SchufE, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1864.

David Schafer. enl. July 27, 1861 Disch. at end of term Aug^ 18, 1864

Michael Snyder, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Corp July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. „. .oe-

John E. Schuck, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disabdity May 25, 186=.

John W. Scott, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed
anddisch. Dec. ?3, 1861. , ,.j „ r ~

James R. Thomas, enl. July 27, 1861. Transf. to Invahd Corps Jan. 7,

George Brennis, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
George Lemons, enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
Georee Myers enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John R Cheek, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1861. Died Aug. 38, 1864, in hos-
pital, at Marietta, Ga., from wound.

THIRTIETH INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

Morgan Lee, enl. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865.
THIKXY-FIRST INTANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John R. Arter, enr. as Surg. Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out at expiration
of termof service, Sept. 27, 1864. ,,,... -.v.

Royal W. Varney, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 7, 1863. Mustered out with
the Reg. July 20, 1865.

THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

John W. White, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Brush Mt., Ga.,

June 27, 1864.
Alonzo Egbert, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 20,

1865.

COMPANY B.

Herman Meyers, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out 20th July, 1863.

COMPANY 0.

George Quaid, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Died from wounds near Atlanta, Ga.,
July 23, 1864.

COMPANY D.

David Harrington, enl. Jan. 16, 1863.

Michael MoGue, enl . Jan . 16, 1863 . Mustered out July 20, 1865 .

THIRTY -THIRD INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

EUsworth W. Libby, enl. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864;
to 1st Lieut. Aug. 26, 1864, and to Capt. March 26, 1865. Mustered
out with the Co. July 12, 1865.

THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

This, the third German regiment raised in Ohio,
contained forty-nine men from Cuyahoga county in
Company A, twenty-two in Company F, and forty-
two in Company H; besides a few in other companies;
bringing the total up to a hundred and thirty-three.
It was mustered into service in October, 1861.

It soon moved to West Virginia, where it was in
service during the winter. In March, 1862, with
other regiments, it was engaged in a hard fight at
Princeton, W. Va., in which the command had the
misfortune to be defeated; the Thirty rseventh having -
one officer and thirteen men killed, and two officers
and forty-six men wounded. The Thirty-seventh
was also sharply engaged near Fayetteville, on the
10th of September, with a heavy force under General
Loring. At this time the whole command was com-
pelled to retreat to the Ohio river.

In December, the regiment was ordered to join
Grant's army, and on the 21st of January, 1863, ar-
rived at Milliken's Bend, nearly opposite Vicksburg,
becoming a part of the Fifteenth Army Corps. After
arduous service through the rest of the winter, and
after taking part in the feint against Haines' Bluff in
April, the Thirty-seventh moved on the 13th of May
to Grand Gulf, and thence marched to the rear of
Vicksburg. It took an active and gallant part in the
unsuccessful assaults on that place, made on the 19th
and 32d of May; having nineteen men killed and
seventy wounded.

After the capture of Vicksburg, the summer of 1863
was spent in active duty in Mississippi. During Oc-
tober and November the Thirty-seventh made its way
to Chattanooga. On the morning of the 25th of
November it assaulted the rebel fortifications, situated
on the lofty heights of Mission Ridge. It was re-
pulsed with the loss of five men killed, and five offi-
cers and thirty-one men wounded, but as the enemy's
works were captured at numerous points it was soon
enabled to advance and join in the pursuit. Imme-
diately afterward the regiment was sent to aid in the

104

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

relief of Knoxville, which was accomplished by a brief
campaign, but one of extraordinary hardships.

In March, 1864, the Thirty-seventh re-enlisted as
veterans, and after the usual furlough advanced with
the Fifteenth Army Corps on the Atlanta campaign.
In its advance on Eesaca it had thirteen officers and
men killed and wounded. It also took part in the
conflicts at Dallas and New Hope Church, and the
terrible battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Before Atlanta,
on the 32d of July, it was outflanked and compelled
to abandon its intrenchments, with a loss of fourteen
men killed and wounded, and thirty-eight taken pris-
oners, but immediately after joined in a general at-
tack and recaptured the position. On the 37th of
July the Thirty-seventh was engaged in the battle of
Ezra Chapel, in which the enemy was completely de-
feated. On the 30th of August it was in the battle
of Jonesboro, which was speedily followed by the
capture of Atlanta.

The Thirty-seventh next took part in the forced
marches in pni'suit of Hood; then returnedfto Atlanta
and set out for the sea with Sherman. With that
energetic leader it marched through Georgia, South
Carolina and North Carolina, the army scattering
before it every rebel force which attempted to obstruct
its path. After the collapse of the rebellion, this
regiment was ordered to Arkansas, where it remained
till the 13th of August, 1865. It was then mustered
out, and the men taken back to Cleveland and dis-
banded.

MEMBERS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Edward Siber, enr. as Col. Sept. 18, 1861. Resigned March 33, 1864.
Charles Ankele, enr. as Major Aug 3, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W.

Va., May 17, 1862. Resigned June 5, 1868.
Juhus C. Schenck, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept 7, 1861. Promoted to Surg.

July 82, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862.

HON-OOMMISSIONBD STAFF.

Franz Frey, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Jan. 26, 1863, and to Non-
Com. Staff as Com. Sergt. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with Regt.

COMPANY A.

Louis Quedonfeld, enr. as Capt. Aug. 3,1861. Killed at Princeton, W.

Va., May 17, 1862.
George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 16, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co.

F. March 31, 1863.
Christian Pfahl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 15, 1861. Resigned Dec. 27, 1861.
Christian Hambrack, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 3nd

Lieut. July 11, 1868. Resigned Dee. 20, 1862.
Louis Becker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862.
John Otter, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. March

1,1863. Disch. from Hosp. June 3, 1865.
William Rock, enr. as .Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1863.
Fred Ambrosius, enr. us Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to 3nd Lieut

Co. B, Feb. 8. 1868.
Florian Saile, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861 . Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 13, 1864.
Emil Blau, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at Pince-

ton, W. Va., May, 17, 1863.
Jacob A. Kleinschmidt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed at Princeton,

W. Va.,May 17, 1862.
Carl Eberhard, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, ;863.
Nicholas Bellery, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta,

Ga., Aug. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
George Obooht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 1861.

Asa Adamsky, enr. as Musician, Sept. 6, 1861.

Frederick Lay, enr. as Musician Aug. 15, 1861.

Peter Voelker, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Joseph Adler, enl. /Vug. 15, 1861.

Christian Berger, enl. Aug. 15, 1861.

Ludwig Bauer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Friedrich Dreger, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Joseph Fruch, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.,

12, 1864.
John H. Frerichs, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 1st Seigt. Sept. 9,

1861, to 8nd Lieut. Co. C, April 1, 1863.
Johahn Haiser, enl. Aug. ,15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 10,1864.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Gustav Haupt, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Sept.

12, 1864.
Friedrich Baehrhold, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded at Kenesaw Mi.,

June 27, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. June 31, 1865.
Wilhelm Haupt. enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed near Kenesaw Mt., June 27,

1864.
Adolph Jaeger, enl. Aug. 16, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Jean Pierre Keener, enl, Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 12. 1864.
Magnus Kahl, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Wounded at Mill Creek, N. C, March

21. 1866. Lett in Hosp. at New York.
Johann Loeblein, enl. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.

12, 1864.

Franz Marons, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Karl Meyer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Sept, 13,

1864.
Johann Pitroff, enl. Aug. 38, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta, 6a., July

22, 1864.
Joseph Stoll, enl. Aug. 15, 1^61. Mustered out at end of term. Sept 12^

1864.
John Schaefler, eiil. Aug. 15, 1861. Disch. for disability, Sept. 21, 1863.
Leopold Serdinsky, enl. Aug. 16, 1861.
Wilhelm Samsbrug, enl. Aug 38, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out Sept. 13, 1864.
Bernhard Schieffterling, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 2:, 1864.
Adam Schmidt, enl. Aug. 24 1861 .
Frederick Schneider, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Jonesboro, Ga.,

Aug. 31 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Ungerer, enl . Aug. 15, 1861 .
Henry J. Votteler, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 29,

1868. Disch May 18, 1864.
Christoph Weber, enl. Aug. 15, 1861.

Theodore Wendt, enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Died from wounds rec'd at Kene-
saw Mt. July 14, 1864.
Daniel Sherry, enl. as Drummer March, 28, 1864. Mustered out with the

Reg.
Paul Hauser, enl. Nov. 6, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 12, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Carl Knapp, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Adam Leonhardt, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY B.

Charles Moritz, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. H Sept. 6, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. B Feb. 8. 1862. Mustered out Dec. 31, 1864.
Fred. Ambrosius, enr. Sergt. Co. A Sept 6,1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut.

Co. B Feb. 8, 1868. Resigned July 11, 1863.
George Kraus, enl. Aug. 36, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.

13, 1864.

COMPANY O.

John H. Freriche, enl. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. 0
April 1, 1862, and to 1st Lieut Co. E Oct. 8, 1862.

COMPANY D.

Philip Branat, enl. Sept. 3, 1861.

John Goetz, enl. Sept. 6, 1661.

Bernhard Muehlemann, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.

Wendolin Nickenhauer, enl. Sept. 5, 1861.

Charles Renold, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 .

Friederiok H. Rehwinkel, enr. as Capt. Sept. 8, 1861. Resigned Oct. 10,
1862.

Adblph C. Kessinger, enr. as 1st Lieut Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt.
April 19, 1863. Resigned Dec. 20, 1862.

Paul Wittrich, enr. as 3d Lieut. Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
Co F Feb. 28, 1862, and to Capt. Co. E Oct. 8, 1863. Killed at Ken-
esaw Mt. July 28, 1864.

John H. Freriche, enr. Co. A Aug. 15. Trausf. to Co. E as 1st Lieut.
Oct. 8, 1863, to Co. I Jan. 1. 1863.

Julius Scheldt, enr. 1st Sergt. Sept. SO, 1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. E
April 19, 1868. Resigned Nov. 29, 1863.

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

105

COMPANY T.

Anton Vallendar, enr. as Capt. Aug. 1 , 1861. Resigned March 81, 1862.
Enr. as Capt. Co. H, lasth Reg. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the
Co. Sept. 25, 1865.
George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. F, March 31, 1862, Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865.

Anton Peterson, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Feb. 6, 1862.

Herman Burlthardt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.

Jan. i, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered outwith Reg.

Paul Wittrich, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. E, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. 1st Lieut. Co.

F, Feb. 28, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Oct. 8, 1862.
Anton Stoppel, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted 1st

Lieut. Co. F, May 28, 1862, Resigned Oct. 19, 1862.
Louis E. Lambert, enr, as Corp, Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Co. D; to 2nd Lieut. Co. F, June 22, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. G, April
29, 1864; to Adjt. July 25, 1864.
Albert Bauer, enl . Sept. 23,1861. Talienprisoner near Atlanta, Ga,, July

22, 1864.
John Bergsiclcer, enl. Sept 19, 1661. Killed at Vicksburg, Miss., May 19,

186-3.
Jacob Dorr, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Died July 2, 1863, from wounds received

in action near Vicksburg May 22, 1863 .
Charles Fehlber, enl . Sept . 30, 1861 . Taken prisoner July 22, 1864 . Ex-
changed Nov., 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Gampellar, enl. Sept, 15, 1861, Disch. for disability Jan . 19,

1863.
David Granger, enl. Sept. 24. 1861. Died May 19, 1862 from wounds re-
ceived at Princeton, W. Va., May 17.
Christian Greb, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss., May

22, 186-3.
Anthony Junker, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for

disability Sept. 30, 1884.
William Lohr, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864, and

to 1st Sergt, May 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Henry Rothman, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Disch, tor disability Sept, 13, 1862.
John Simon, enl . Sept. 26, 1861 . Died May 25, 1862, from wounds received

at Princeton, W. Va,, May 17.
John Schmidt, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W. Va., May

17, 1862. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864.
Anton Vanholz, enl. Sept. 28, 1861 . Disch . for disability Jan. 24, 1863.
Adam Wicker, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga.,

July 22, 1864. Died at Lawton, Ga.
Jacob Zipp, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Disch, for disability Jan. 24, 1865.
Philip Zipp, enl. Sept. 29, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Jan, 18, 1863.
George Ganson, enr, as Musician, April 11, 1864. Taken prisoner near

Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Exchanged Nov. — , 1864.
Constantine Armbruster, enl. March 28, 1864. Wounded near Dallas,

Ga., June 1, 1864. Disch. for disability June 22, 1865.
Gustav Lambert, enl. March 31, 1864. Detailed for special duty in the
Eng. Dep. March 14, 1865. Mustered out July 29, 1865.

COMPANY G.

Louis B. Lambert, transf. to Co. G, April 29, 1864, to Adj. July 24, 1861,
to C ipt. Co. G, Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Aug, 7, 1865.

August .Miltman, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Dec. 12,
1863.

COMPANY H.

Charles Messner, enr, as Capt. Aug. 26, 1861. Resigned Nov. 16, 1862.
Charles Moritz, enr. aslstLieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co. B,

Feb. 8, 1862.
Anton Stoppel, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut..

Co. F, May 28, 1862.
Julius Scheldt, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Co. E, April 19, 1862.
Jacob Spickert, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 12, 1831. Disch. Jan. 14, 1863.
Jtohn I. Hoffman, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg.

Aug. 7, 1865.
John Dittman, enl . Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Christian, enl. Sept . 16, 1861. Disch. for disability April 10, 1863.
Henry Detgen, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14, 1863.
August Eckert, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty Oct. 7, 1862.
Adam Flury, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Franz Frey. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
PhiUp Heck, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19,

1863
August Heidter, enl. Sept. 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
John Held, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability July 18, 1862.
Joseph Kaestle, enl . Sept . 8, 1861 , Disch . for disability July 21, 1861 .
Christian Kanel, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disabUlty Jan. 13, 1863.
WilBam Knecht, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 27, 1864.
Theobald Laubscher, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Discharged at end of term

Sept. 30, 1864.
John Lieber, enl. Sept, 24 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 26, 1868. .
Paul Lehrman, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 . Disch. for disability July 26, 1862.
Philip Meyer, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863.
Conrad Oswald, enlisted Oct. 8, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May

22, 1863.

John Schultz, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Schlee, enl. Sept. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Gustav Schulienj enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. July 25, 1862.

Discharged April 5, 1865.
Matthias Sohwertle, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 13, 1864.
Henry Schelke, enl . Sept. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg .
John Schelke, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Edward Seller, enl. Sept . 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg .
George Spickert, enl. Sept. 12,1861. Wounded and captured May 1,

1862. Was released and discharged for disability Dec. 22, 1862.
Philip Spies, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded May 22,1863, Disch, for

disability caused by wound Deo. 18, 1863 .
Ernst Tegto, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan 14, 1863.
Friederich Zitzelmann, enl . Oct. 2, 1851. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Melcher, enl . March 26, 1864 . Detached for service at Camp Chase

Feb. 23,1865.
Henry Stegkamper, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded at Kenesaw Mt.,

Ga., June 27, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. at Troy, N. Y., April 30, 1865.
Basil Schwantz, enl. Sept. 27, 1861.

John Fasnacht, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14 1868.
Joseph Maryne, enl. Sept. 24, 1861. Wounded and captured May 17,

1863. Released and disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863.
John Spohn, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disablity Oct. 9, 1862.
John Rother, enr. as Corp. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Andreas Kolaetzkowski, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Disch. Jan. 13, 1863.

COMPANY I.

John H. Freriche, enr. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Transf. to Co. I as 1st

Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863, Resigned Sept. 24, 1864.
Justus Becker, enl. Sept, 23, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept 1,1863.
George Henkel, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7,

1865.
George Scheelhas, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 12, 1862.

COMPANY K.

George Eichhom, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 26, 1865.
Alois Lieb, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg. Miss., May 19, 1868.
George Schneeberger, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Aug. 7, 1865,

CHAPTER XXI.

FOKTY-FIBST INFANTRY.

Its Origin-The Cuyahoga Delegation— Service in Kentucky--Pittsburg
Landing— An Accident-A Rebel Charge and Repulse-Through Mid-
dle Tennessee to Kentucky -Back in Tennessee- Stone River— Await-
ing an Attack— "Fire"— A Desperate Conilict— The Next Day—
Through the River under Fire— Silencing a Battery— Battle of Chicka-
mauga— The Opening Fire— Bayonet Charges— Changing Front-
Desperate Fighting with Rifles— Surrounded and Driven Back— The
Last Volley— Battle of Orchard Knob— A Splendid Dash— Mission
Ridge— Miles of Soldiers— Pushing up the Heights— A Squad captures
a Battery— Seizing other Artillery-'-Old Pap Thomas "—The Loss of
the Forty-flrst— Off to Knoxville— Large Re-enlistment— Furlough-
Battle of Pickett's Mills— An Attack and a Defeat— Pine Top Mountain
—Frequent Conflicts— After Hood— Battle of Franklin— Battle of Nash-
ville—A Lively Charge— Capture of Four Guns— Service in Texas-
Mustered out.

When the battle of Bull Run disclosed the strength
and vigor of the rebellion, several prominent citizens
of Cleveland set about raising a new regiment, in ad-
dition to the already large number of men which Ohio
had placed in the field. It was named the Forty-first
Ohio Infantry, and Captain William B. Hazen, of
the Eio-hth United States Infantry, was appointed its
coloneh There were, during the war, three hundred
and ninety-six men from Cuyahoga county in its
ranks. Every company contained some of that num-
ber. Companies E, F and D had respectively ninety-
three, ninety and eighty-four members from this
county, while the other companies were represented
by various numbers, from thirty-four in K, down to
eight in H.

106

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

The regiment was formed at Cleveland during the
autumn of 1861. In November it moved to Camp
Dennison, and thence, in the following month, to
Camp Wickliffe, sixty miles from Louisville, Ken-
tucky, where it remained through the winter. Here
Colonel Hazen was placed in command of a brigade,
consisting of the Forty-first Ohio, the Forty-sixth and
Forty-seventh Indiana aod the Sixth Kentucky. On
the first of February, the brigade went down the Ohio
and up the Cumberland to Nashville, and thence, on
the 17th of March, with the bands all playing "St.
Patrick's Day," it set out with Buell's army for Pitts-
burg Landing.

At six o'clock in the afternoon of the sixth of
April, it reached a point on the Tennessee river,
opposite the landing, whence the thunder of battle
rolled in terrific volume over the water and far away
among the hills. Having been ferried over the stream
in a little steamer, the brigade proceeded up the bank
among a host of stragglers, so numerous that the men
were obliged to make their way through them in sin-
gle file, all apparently eager to excuse their own re-
treat by, exaggerating the strength of the enemy.

"You'll catch it on the hill," said one; "I am
the only man left of my company," declared another;
" This little squad is all there are alive of our regi-
ment/' said two or three more with united voices.
Amid these discouraging greetings the Forty-first
pressed on, and at nine o'clock took up the position
assigned it, where it lay all night in a driving
rain. The next day the brigade was held in reserve
until a late hour (our informant, Capt. McMahan,
thinks it was about two o'clock), when it was
ordered into an advanced position, and directed to
hold it.

The artillery was playing freely, and while the men
were waiting, and as Colonel Hazen was sitting on
his horse close beside them, a spent six-pound cannon
ball rolled up one of the hind legs of the horse of the
colonel's bugler, and went six feet in air over the head
of the latter. The man of music naturally dodged
T?ery suddenly to avoid the returning projectile, and
a shout of laughter went up from the men at the
oddity of the whole proceeding.

Their merriment, however was soon stopped by the
advance of the i-ebels, who came on at full speed,
yelling, "Bull Run!" "Bull Run!" The Union-
ists received them with a murderous volley, and
General Nelson or Colonel Hazen ordered a charge.
The men dashed forward through the ojDen woodland,
firing as they went, and soon gave the rebels a taste
of Bull Run reversed. The brigade drove the rebels
back beyond their fortifications and captured their
guns. Being, however, then far beyond its support,
it was in turn obliged to retire to its former line,
where it re-formed and held the position.

It was during this retreat that Colonel Hazen was
separated from the brigade, a fact whicli has been
made an excuse for malicious attacks against him,
resulting in the late court-martial of General Stanley,

and in the pending civil action against him, brought
by General Hazen. Captain ilcMahon, the officer
before referred to, declares that Colonel (now General)
Hazen accompanied his brigade in the charge with
great gallantry, and the separation was so brief as to
have escaped the notice of the men.

The fighting during the charge was of the most
desperate kind, one hundred and forty-one out of
four hundred and fifty men in the regiment hav-
ing been killed or wounded in half an hour, while
three officers and three soldiers who successively car-
ried the colors were disabled in the same time.

After taking part in the siege of Corinth, Hazen's
brigade marched to central Tennessee, and thence
proceeded under Buell, almost side by side with
Bragg's rebel army, to Louisville. At Perryville it
was not heavily engaged, but was in the advance in
the pursuit of the enemy after that battle. At Pitt-
man's Cross Roads General Hazen pushed forward
the Forty-first through darkness blacker than Egypt
until nine o'clock at night, driving the rebels from
their supper, which was very speedily dispatched by
the Unionists, as they had not eaten anything since
early in the morning.

After dri ving the enemy as far as Wild Cat mountain,
Crittenden's Corps, of which the Forty-first formed a
part, returned to Nashville. On the 39 th of Novem-
ber Col. Hazen was aj^pointed a brigadier general of
volunteers, and Lt. Col. Wiley succeeded him in the
colonelcy. In December, 1863, Gen. Rosecrans, who
had succeeded to the command of the army, prepared
to advance against Bragg, and on the 29th of that
month the corps marched to within two miles of
Murfreesboro. Some maneuvers took place on the
30th, and at one o'clock in the morning of the 31st
the Forty-first Ohio was stationed in an open field a
short distance from the enemy. Before daylight Gen.
Rosecrans' order was i-ead to them, declaring that the
nation and the world had its eyes upon them, and
adjuring them to use every effort to win the day.

At this time " Cowan's House," four hundred yards
in front of them, was all on fire; and as the resonant
voice of the adjutant repeated the order, while the
distant flames threw occasional flickerings on the grim
faces of the soldiers, they grasped their rifles with the
stern look of men determined to win or die, and
awaited the order to advance. At daylight it came,
and, preceded by a strong skirmish line, the brigade
moved rapidly forward, the Forty-first Ohio and
Sixth Kentucky in the first line, and the Ninth In-
diana and One Hundred and Tenth Illinois in the
second one.

On reaching the line of the burning house heavy
firing was heard at the front and rear, indicating that
the enemy was outflanking them. Col. Wiley gave
the command, "Change half front to the rear on
tenth company," and it was executed amid the fast-
dropping bullets as coolly as if on parade. The enemy
advanced in two columns. His infantry was supported
by artillery, but the latter was soon rendered useless

FORTY-FIEST INPANTEY.

]07

by Cottrell's battery, which killed all the horses of
the rebel battery and blew up the caissons. Gen.
Hazen and Col. Wiley sat on their horses directly in
rear of the colors of the Forty-first. As the enemy
approached, Col. W. inquired:

"Shall I fire on them?"

"Not yet," replied the general.

When the first rebel line reached the burning house,
General Hazen said:

" Now, Colonel, give them a volley." The colonel's
voice rang out clear and calm :

"Attention, battalion! Ready! Aim! Fire!" The
crash of four hundred rifles responded to the last
word, when the whole rebel line fell to the ground
"as if they had been shot." The greater part of
them, however, soon sprang up and opened a rapid
deadly fire. The Forty-first responded with equal
zeal, and continiied the conflict until they had fired
away all of the eighty rounds of ammunition with
which they were provided. Gen. Hazen then ordered
the regiment to the rear to cool and clean the guns,
bringing up the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois to
take its place.

Scarcely had the Forty-first been supplied with
ammunition and got ready for action again, when
it was announced that the rebels were drivmg every-
thing on the right and the regiment was sent to stop
them. Lying on the ground the men began firing at
the enemy two hundred yards distant, when a line of
Union artillery behind them began to fire over their
heads at the same mark. Burning wads and grains
of powder fell thick among them. This was too
much of a good thing, and Ool. Wiley prevailed on
the artillery to cease firing until the Forty-first
could be stationed in rear of the guns. This position
was firmly held in spite of the most furious attacks
by the Confederates. Later in the day the Forty-
first was ordered to the left to guard a ford by Gen.
Eosecrans in person, where it suffered severely from
the rebel batteries.

The next day, New Year's, 1863, the Forty-first
was held in reserve during the greater part of the
day. A hundred pieces of artillery were massed
by Gen. Eosecrans, and when the rebels came in
front of the line they were mowed down by hundreds
by blasts of grape, canister and shrapnel. Mean-
while, however, they were driving back Van Cleve's
division on the left. Gen. Hazen came up to this
regiment at a gallop a little after four o'clock and or-
dered the men to double quick after him. On reacli-
ing Stone river, they found the rest of the brigade,
all trying to get across the stream first. The general
formed his four regiments in line, pushed forward at
a double quick, and easily easily drove back the foe.

One battery kept up its fire, when Gen. Hazen ad-
vanced with the Forty-first alone to within three
hundred yards, and delivered a well aimed volley. It
was so destructive that the battery immediately re-
tired from its position. Night soon after came on,
and the next day Gen. Bragg and his army retired in

hot haste from the scene of their defeat. During
the battle the regiment had a hundred and twelve
officers and men killed and wounded out of four hun-
dred and twelve with which it went into the fight.

From the 10th of January to the 34th of June,
1863, the regiment was encamped most of the time at
Eeadyville, twelve miles from Murfreesboro', though
making occasional excursions against the enemy. At
the last mentioned date it removed from Eeadyville,
and on the 15th of August advanced with the army
toward Chattanooga. After taking part in the labori-
ous marches incident to the movement, the Forty-
first found itself on the night of the 18th of Septem-
ber on the bank of Chickamauga creek, near Gordon's
Mills.

Lt. McMahan was in command of the picket of the
Forty-first, and late in the morning of the 19th he
was ordered to form his picket as skirmishers and
move forward. He did so and was followed by the
regiment; the rest of the brigade being aligned on
either side of the Forty-fli-st. About 11 o'clock the
skirmishers came out into an open field, at the farther
edge of which was a line of rebels who opened fire on
them. The lieutenant ordered his men to double
quick across the field, but when about half way across
heard the stentorian voice of Col. Wiley thunder
"Halt!" Looking around he saw the regiment at
the edge of the field with their rifles at an aim.

"Lie down!" shouted the lieutenant, and the
men were glad enough to obey, when a volley of
bullets swept over them into the ranks of the foe.
The skirmishers were obliged to make their way back
to the lines on their hands and knees. The regiment
held this position until near four o'clock in the after-
noon, firing all its ammunition. Twice the rebels
charged it with the bayonet; both times the gal-
lant Forty-first met them with a counter charge and
both times the assailants broke and fled within thirty
feet of the Union bayonets.

At the time last mentioned the regiment was re-
lieved and marched to a piece of timber, where it
was supplied with ammunition. The men were as
hungry for it as so many wolves. They filled not
only their cartridge boxes, but all their pockets and
the waists of their blouses above the belts; every man
providing himself with at least one hundred rounds.
Scarcely had they done so when heavy firing was
heard on the right, and the Forty-first was ordered
thither on the double quick by General Hazen, to
support General Van Oleve.

The man were placed on the right of the second line
and when the first gave way were vigorously assailed
by a heavy force of the enemy. They delivered a
rapid succession of well-aimed volleys, while General
Hazen handled a battery in person, and thus their
front was kept clear. Ere long, however, the rebels
made their way around the unprotected right flank of
the Forty-first, and soon the gallant regiment was
almost surrounded by the foe. The bullets came on
every side, and for the only time in their military

108

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

experience the men of the Forty-first ran at the top
of their speed to escape from the enemy. They were
not, however, entirely broken up; they loaded as they
ran, and on reaching a convenient hill a stand was
made, and by the help of artillery the rebel advance
was checked.

The men worked hard a large part of the night,
rolling Tip logs to form a barricade. At nine o'clock,
the morning of the 20th, the rebels charged them,
but their log defense was found impregnable, and the
assailants were repulsed with great loss. Other at-
tempts of the same kind were made during the day,
but always with the sanie result, and late in the
afternoon Hazen's brigade still held its position. But
its ammunition was nearly all expended, its com-
rades of the center and left had all been driven
back, and it was separated by an interval of a
mile, swarming with rebel sharpshooters, from the
right under General Thomas, which still held its
ground. General Hazen led his brigade safely across
the dangerous gap, and formed it on the left of
Thomas' line. When the rebels made their last
assault Hazen's regiments, one after the other, deliv-
ered their withering volleys, aiding in the complete
repulse of the enemy, which enabled the veterans of
Thomas to retire from the position they had so des-
perately defended. After dark the remnant of the
army retreated a short distance, and the next night
retired to Chattanooga. Of all who took part in this
disastrous conflict, none did better and many did
worse than Hazen's brigade and the Forty-first Ohio
Infantry.

On the arrival of General Grant the army was re-
organized, and the Forty-first became part of a brig-
ade, still commanded by General Hazen, consisting
besides itself of the First and Ninety-third Ohio,
the Fifth Kentucky and the Sixth Indiana, being as-
signed to the Fourth Corps, under General Granger.
When Grant was ready to begin operations, the deli-
cate and hazardous task of leading the advance was as-
signed to Hazen's brigade. Long before light on the
morning of the 27th of October, the brigade em-
barked on pontoons at Chattanooga, and glided silent-
ly down the river. Unseen and unheard the men
passed beneath the enemy's pickets stationed far above
them on the river bluffs,and, though discovered at the
moment of landing, succeeded in gaining a foothold
on the shore, and establishing themselves on hights
from which they could not be driven.

They remained in this vicinity nearly a month,
while the final preparations were made for a grand
advance. On the 23d of November the brigade
moved forward on a reconnoisance. On a small ridge
known as Orchard Knob, between Chattanooga and
Mission Ridge it was received with a heavy fire,
and perceived a line of intrenchments on the top of
the hill. The Forty-first dashed forward in the ad-
vance, and gained the top of the hill. About fifty
paces in front of the enemy's works, the fight was
fierce beyond description. More than half the men

were killed and wounded. The horses of Colonel
Wiley and Lieut. Col. Kimberly were killed under
them, but those gallant officers dashed forward on
foot, and the little battalion charged into the rebel
works, and took them at the point of the bayonet,
capturing the colors of the Twenty-eighth Alabama
Infantry and more men than the Forty-first had at
the end of the conflict.

Owing to the small number engaged this battle
makes little show in history, yet it is remembered by
the survivors of the Forty-first as the hardest fight
in which they were engaged throughout their long
and arduous service. Soon after it was over. General
Thomas, passing that way and viewing the ground,
expressed his thanks to the regiment through Colonel
Wiley, in the warmest manner. "It was a gallant
thing, Colonel, a very gallant thing," said the veteran,
known to be as chary of his praise as any chieftan
that ever bore command.

On the 24th of November the Forty-first, from its
hardly-earned position watched the "Battle above
the Clouds," on Lookout Mountain. On the 25th
came the great- bat tie of Mission Ridge, probably, con-
sidering the strength of the enemy's position, the
numbers engaged and the completeness of the Union
victory, the most remarkable ever fought in America,
and one of the most remarkable to be found in the
annals of war, in either ancient or modern times.

At four o'clock the expectant army heard the con-
certed signal, six shots fired in rapid succession from
a battery of twelve-pound Parrots guns. "Forward! "
shouted Hazen; "forward!" repeated the field and
line officers; and forward went the men, few in
numbers, but stronger in warlike enthusiasm with
each succeeding battle. As they reached the farther
crest of Orchard Knob they saw the valley between
that and Mission Ridge, from a half to three-quarters
of a mile wide-spread out before them, while beyond
frowned the Gibraltar-like hights they were ordered
to capture. Extending for miles on either side were
to be seen the lines of blue-coated soldiers, all press-
ing forward in the same direction.

Descending into the valley they came under the
rebel artillery fire, many of the men falling at every
step, but still the line swept forward, urged on by the
officers, and at the foot of the ridge they captured
the first line of the enemy's works with scarcely an
effort. They could not remain there long, however,
under the murderous fire to which they were subjected.
Here Col. Wiley received a wound which I'esulted in
the loss of his leg, and Lt. Col. Kimberly took com-
mand of the regiment. Then came the tug of war.
Hazen ordered his brigade up the mountain; and on
either side brigades, divisions and corps pressed for-
ward up the same rugged pathway to glory or the
grave.

The Forty-first, as ever, was well to the front in
this herculean task. Col. Kimberly gallantly led on
his men. Lts. James McMahan and George C. Dodge,
Jr., both of Cleveland, were together as the regiment

FOETY-FIEST INFANTEY.

]09

started up the hill. On went the broken but invinci-
ble line up the rocky steep, through an awful storm of
grape, canister and musketry the men climbing and
shooting as best they could. In twenty minutes they
gained the top of the ridge, when their fire was prin-
cipally directed against the batteries of the enemy,
which were soon compelled to retire before the deadly
flre of the northern riflemen. Lt. McMahan came
out nearly in front of a rebel battery, which was pour-
ing death into the ranks of the Unionists. The men
were of course much broken by the rugged steeps
over which they had passed. Seeing a long log, how-
ever, lying near the stump from which it had been
cut, and which he thought might serve as a rallying
point, he gathered the men as fast as they came up,
and made them lie down behind the log until he had
twelve or fifteen packed as close as they could lie
conveniently, while he himself took post behind the
stump. Then he ordered them to load and fire as
fast as possible at the a)-tillerists of the battery before
mentioned. In a sliort time nearly all of them were
killed or wounded. Then the lieutenant rushed out
with his squad captured the battery and turned its fire
on the enemy. Other batteries were seized at various
points along the line and used in the same manner.
Mr. Pratt, now of the Eighteenth ward of Cleveland,
was one of those engaged in this novel logging-bee,
and corroborates the statement above made. It was
this or a very similar exploit which was thus described
in Eeid's History of "Ohio in the War:"

"A squad of the Forty-first seized a battery, almost
before the rebels were away from it, turned it to the
right and discharged it directly along the summit of
the ridge, where the enemy in front of Newton's
division still stubbornly held out; and, as the shells
went skimming along in front of and among them,
the rebels turned and fled."

Yet not without many a desperate effort to recover
the ground. About a hundred of them suddenly
came charging upon the right of the Forty-first.
The men were much scattered, but Major Williston
got together about a hundred and drove the assail-
ants down the hill, where they were soon "gobbled
up" by the swarming Unionists.

The soldiers, having now got complete possession
of the rebel works, began shooting the artillery teams
as the unlucky Confederates endeavored to remove
their cannon to the rear. The horses dropped rapidly
and the artillerists took to their heels, leaving the guns
as a prize to the victors. The men of Hazen's brigade
captured no less than twenty-seven guns and dragged
them to the general's headquarters, though that
officer good-naturedly allowed nine of them to be
claimed and taken away by other commands.

G-en. Wood, the division commander, was highly
elated, and came riding among the men, saying:
"Boys, you shall have an extra cracker apiece for
this;" an extra cracker, in those days of short rations,
being no unworthy emblem of gratitude. Then came
Thomas, "Old Pap Thomas," as the men afEection-

14 a

ately called him, and they gathered in delighted
crowds to cheer their favorite commander. The vic-
tory was won at a loss to the Forty-first of a hundred
and fifteen men killed and wounded. This was a
very heavy loss in the already depleted condition of
the regiment, and there were but few of the men who
remained entirely unhurt after the two battles of the
23d and 25Lh of November, 1863.

Scarcely was the great victory of Mission Eidge
gained than the Forty-first, with the rest of the
Fourth corps, was ordered to Knoxville. Communi-
cations had been much interrupted, and the command
suffered especially for lack of shoes. Long before
reaching Knoxville half of the men of the Forty-
first would have been barefooted, had it not been for
the improvised coverings of cowskin and sheepskin in
which they wrapped their feet, and in which they
strove bravely on over the frozen ground to Clinch
mountain, twenty miles northeast of Knoxville, which
they reached in the latter part of December.

Here the proposition reached them from Washing-
ton to re-enlist as veterans, and never was the extra-
ordinary heroism, fortitude and patriotism of the
American volunteer more proudly shown than on
this occasion. Out of more than a thousand gallant
men who had gone forth from pleasant homes to
battle for their county, disease and the bullet had
spared but a hundred and eighty-eight, and even of
these probably a majority had been wounded one or
more times. Their suSerings on the march to Clinch
mountain have just been mentioned, yet when, amid
the cold and rain and sleet of a Tennessee winter,
they were asked to re-enlist, a hundred and eighty out
of a hundred and eighty-eight bound themselves to
three years more of service — and such service — in
their country's cause.

The regiment reaehed Cleveland on veteran furlough
on the 2d of February, 1864, obtained about a hun-
dred recruits, and in the latter part of March returned
to East Tennessee. The two hundred and eighty
men of which the regiment was composed were now
united with the few remaining men of the First Ohio,
and consolidated into a battalion, commanded by
Lieut. Col. Kimberly.

In April the Forty-first entered on Sherman's great
Atlanta campaign; being warmly engaged at Eocky
Face Eidge and at Eesaca.

On the 27th of May the battalion was hotly en-
gaged in the conflict called variously the battle of
Pickett's Mill, the battle of Pumpkin Vine Creek,
and the battle near Dallas. At 9 a.m., the command
was halted, and three companies, commanded respec-
tively by Lieutenants Dodge, McMahan and Cobb,
moved forward as skirmishers under charge of Major
Williston. They had gone scarcely a hundred yards
into the woods when one of the men was killed. As
Lieut. McMahan, standing on a small limb, was feel-
ing his pulse to see if he was really dead, a bullet
broke the limb between the officer's feet. Immedi-
ately afterwards the skirmishers were ordered to move

110

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

by the right flank at a double quick, but after a brief
excursion in the vicinity of the rebel works, they were
ordered back to the brigade.

About four o'clock p.m., the Forty-first, the
Ninety-third and the One Hundred and Twenty-
fourth Ohio moved forward to attack the enemy's
right; the Forty-first in the center. After receiving
a murderous volley from the intrenched foe, they
charged through a ravine, and endeavored to capture
the works on the opposite side. They were only able
to get within about twenty yards of the foe, where
they halted, obtained such cover as they could and kept
up a hot fire on the enemy. Six or eight lines came
to their relief, but only two got as far forward as
the men of the Forty-first, and none could go any
farther. Lieut. McMahau with two companies,
Lieut. Dodge with one company, and Oapt. Hazard
with two companies, remained there until half past
eight when the battalion was withdrawn. In this
affair the Forty-first had a hundred and eight men
killed and wounded out of two hundred and sixty.

At Pine Top mountain, near Kenesaw, the bat-
talion was ordered to dislodge a detachment of the
enemy, strongly fortified in a log farm-house and out-
buildings. With that vim which no losses could ever
subdue, the Forty-first went forward on the double-
quick and drove out the rebels at the point of the
bayonet.

About this time the Forty-first ceased to be what it
had so long been, a part of " Hazen's brigade;" that
general being made the commander of a division.
The new brigade commander was Colonel 0. H.
Payne, of Cleveland, colonel of the One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry.

It would be impracticable to relate all the conflicts
in which the battalion was engaged in this remarka-
ble campaign, for the ground was contested inch by
inch, and the whole route from Chattanooga to At-
lanta was scarcely less than one long battle-field.

On the 28th of July the battalion, being deployed
as skirmishers in front of the rebel lines at Atlanta,
and seeing what they thought a good chance, made a
dash through a ravine, across an open field and into
the rebel breastworks, where they captured a number
of prisoners and drove out the rest in a perfect
rout.

A day or two later the brigade was sent around to
the east of Atlanta at night. The next morning it
tore up some ten miles of the Montgomery railroad,
and then proceeded to the southern road, about fif-
teen or twenty miles from Atlanta. At midnight a
tremendous noise was heard, and the whole command
sprang to arms, thinking that General Hood or an
earthquake was upon them. After waiting a consider-
able time and finding that nothing farther happened,
the men at length somewhat doubtingly returned
to their beds, or rather to their blankets, for these
were generally the soldier's only couch. It was soon
learned that the sound came fi'om the explosion of
some eighty car loads of ammunition, blown up by

Hood when he evacuated Atlanta, to keep it from fall-
ing into the hands of the " Yankees."

As Hood moved north, a heavy force, of which the
Fourth corps formed a part, followed fast in his rear.
Far across an intervening valley the men watched the
desperate fight of Corse at Allatoona, when with his
little force he obeyed the signal " Hold the fort,"
and repulsed the legions of Hood. Then they pro-
ceeded to Galesville, whence a portion of the pursuing
force returned to take part in the "March to the
Sea," while the Fourth corps continued its north-
ward course. It proceeded by way of Chattanooga to
Athens, Alabama, where a hundred and sixty-four
conscripts and substitutes Joined the battalion. The
command went on to Pulaski, and thence to Colum-
bia.

Near here Hood's army approached so near that the
Fourth and Twenty-third corps were obliged to go
into line of battle. They went on at night to Spring
Hill; the Forty-first marching past a long line of
camp fires, a few hundred yards distant, which were
supposed to belong to the Unionists but which in
reality were those of a rebel corps. Some of the men,
approaching these fires too closely, were captured by
the Confederates bivouacked around them. From
Spring Hill to Franklin the Forty-first was the train-
guard of the army. It skirmished with the enemy
nearly all the way, and being very much exhausted
was not required to take part in the battle of
Franklin.

Then they went to Nashville, and after two weeks
spent in building fortifications 'and making prepara-
tions, Gen. Thomas took the offensive against Hood.
At daylight on the 15th of December, 1864, the
Forty-first was deployed as a double line of skir-
mishers and placed behind a stone wall in front of
the enemy's rifle pits, on the "Granny White" turn-
pike. Skirmish firing was kept up till about eight
o'clock, when the fiery valor of the Forty-first could
no longer be restrained. The men jumped over the
wall, dashed across an open field three hundred
yards wide under a heavy fire of musketry, captured
the rifie pits of the enemy, pushed on over a knoll
and drove the rebels from their breastworks at the
point of the bayonet, capturing two pieces of ar-
tillery. The battalion fortified its position and
remained until four o'clock in the afternoon, when it
was relieved; the main line moving forward and the
rebels retreating.

The next day the Forty-first was again sent forward
as skirmishers, to cover the advance of the right of
the troops. Coming to a large rebel fortification,
covered in front by an abatis, they endeavored as
usual to capture it, but were checked by a murder-
ous fire from a large rebel force. Some of the
skirmishers penetrated the abatis, and Private Klein-
haus leaped alone into the rebel breastworks. The
information we have received from Captain McMahan
ceases at this point, for, while he was endeavoring to
lead forward a detachment of colored troops whom

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

Ill

he found without a commander, the good fortune
which had attended him through a score of battles
deserted him, and he was twice severely wounded.

Colonel Kimberly, who commanded the battalion,
finding that the line of battle could not be advanced,
ordered his skirmishers to withdraw. Several of
them, however, being inside of the abatis, covered
themselves as well as they could and waited till the
enemy was broken on the right, when he withdrew
from the works in front. They then sprang forward,
capturing a few prisoners, two battle-flags, and no
less than four pieces of artillery. The captured can-
non were marked with the name of the Forty-first
Ohio by order of the chief of artillery, and the men
who took the flags. Sergeant Garnett, of Company G,
and Private Holcomb, of Company A, were sent with
them to Washington by General Thomas.

After the victory of Nashville the battalion partici-
pated in the pursuit of Hood, but was not called on
to do any more hard fighting. In June, 1865, it
started from Nashville for Texas by steamer. Near
Cairo the vessel was accidentally sunk by a gunboat,
with nearly all the personal property of oflacers and
men, but without loss of life. After a few months
service near San Antonio, the battalion returned to
Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged on the 26th
of November, 1865, after a service of over four years,
unsurpassed in hardships, in dangers and in triumphs
by that of any other organization in the United States
army.

MEMBERS FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John J. Wiseman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. 7, 1861. Resigned March 1,

1862.
George S. Mygatt, enr. as Major Aug. 7, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col.

March 1, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862.
Robert L. Kimberly, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to Capt. March 17, 1862, to Major Nov. 20, 1862, to

Lieut. Col. Jan. 1, 1863, to Col. 191 Inf. and Brig. Gen. by brevet,
Ephraim S. HoUoway, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co.F.Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted

to Capt. Sept. 8, 1862, to Major Dec. 6, 1864, to Lieut. Col. March 18,

1865, and to Col. May 31, 1865. Mustered out with Reg.
Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Adj't. Aug. 23, 1861. Made 1st Lieut. Aug.

25 1861. Resigned Jan. 13, 1862. Afterwards in 128th Reg.
George J. A. Thompson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8,

1862, to Sergt. Jan. 12, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 6, 1864, and to Adj't.

May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Wilham S. Chamberlain, enr. as Q. M. Aug. 34, 1861. Made 1st Lieut.

Aug. 25, 1861 . Resigned Dec. 10, 1861 .
Thomas G. Cleveland, enl. as Surg. Aug. 29, 1861. Resigned May 17,

1862.
Albert G. Hart, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 5, 1861, Promoted to Surg,

Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Nov. 5, 1864.
Osman A. Lyman, enr. as Chaplain Dec. 16, 1861. Resigned May 17, 1862.

NON-OOMMISaiONED STAFF.

Charles Colvin, enr. as Hosp. Steward, Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. at end of
term. Sept. 2-3, 1864.

COMMISSIOSED OFFIOEBS— COMPANY UNKNOWN.

Edwin B. Atwood, enr. Sergt, Maj. Sept, 19, 1861. Promoted to 2nd

Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to 1st Lieut. Sept. 8, 1863, to Capt. April 13, 1864. ■

Mustered out with the Reg.
Walter Blythe, enr. as Q. M, Sergt, Aug. 25, 1861, Promoted to 2nd

Lieut, April 13, 1862, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 1, 1862, Mustered out July

9, 1865.
William E. Booth, enr. as Com. Sergt, Sept, 21, 1861, Promoted to 2nd

Lieut, Sept, 9, 1862 and to 1st Lieut, May 29, 1863. Resigned Sept,

22, 1864, .

COMPANY A ,

Charles W. Hills, enr, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Jan, 1863, to 1st Lieut, April 13, 1864, Resigned Oct, 28, 1864.
Franlc McDonald, enl, Oct, 1, 186;3. Disch. May 16. 1865.
Archibald Slcinner, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. May 19, 1865.
Daniel Bennett, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability July 1, 1862.
Joseph M. Bennett, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 15, 1862
Morgan Hale, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 15, 1862.
Augustus F. Hills, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 11, 1863.
Hiram Keesler, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1863.
Richard Worts, Jr,, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 29, 1865.
Julius A. Cutler, enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1864.
W. J. Richmond, enl. Aug. 24, 1S61. Died at Mouud City April 13, 1862

frcm wounds received at Shiloh.
Christopher W. Gee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1865.

COMPANY B.

Luther Ballart, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Died Nov. 30, 1863,
Lyman Harrington, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Died Nov, 22, 1862,
Louis R, Bartlett, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Charles W. Blakeslee, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch, for disability June 1,

1865.
Lewis A. Chamberlain, enl, Aug, 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 18,

1865,
Henry Devoioe, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 22, 1863.
John Goole, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb. 8, 1865.
Leonard P. Hammond, enl. Aug. 16, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Christopher Kubbar, enl, Aug, 80, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Charles P, Bail, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Nov, 6, 1862,

Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Orange Fisher, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch, April 18, 1863.
James M. Foster, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Mustsred out June 12, 1865.
L, Goult, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Disch, for disability,
Shubal Nease, enl, Aug, 30, lh62. Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Addison Smith, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
E, M, Sanborn, enl, Aug, 37, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865.

COMPANY C,

H, S, Caswell, enl, Aug, 30, 1862, Died at Nashville Dec, 1, 1862.

William Weiker, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. Jan, 17, 1863.

Edward Hillman, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Dec. 15, 1862.

Died July 37, 1863, from wounds received at Fort Wagner, July 18th.
Abraham Bennett, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1862.
Saunders Cornwell, enr. as Musician Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Oct. 8, 1862.
Charles Jenks, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Transf. to 1st Penn. Battery Jan. 23,

1864.
Hiram L. Rounds, enl. Nov. 8. 4861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862.
Sanford Russell, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct, 35, 1862.
Andrew Sherman, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7,

1865.
Albert Russell, enl. Dec. 26, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Jan, 1, 1864.

Wounded Oct. 13, 1864. Disch. Oct. 31, 1865.

COMPANY D.

James H. Cole, enr. as Capt. Sept. 27, 1861. Resigned March 17, 1862.
Harvey E, Proctor, enr, as 1st Lieut, Sept. 37, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Sept. 9, 1862. Made Chaplain March 1, 1862. Became, Major in a

Colored Reg,
Robert L. Kimberly. (See Field and Staff.)
George C. Dodge, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 2, 1861 Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Jan. 1, 1863, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 12, 1864, and to Captain Nov. 28, 1864.

Resigned Dec. 27, 1864.
Lloyd A. Fisher, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut.

Nov. 20, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Hon. disch. May 27,

1864,
Charles Hammond, enr, as Corp, Oct 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. July 1,

1862; to 1st Sergt. March 2", 1864, and to 1st Lieut. March 28, 1865

Mustered out with Regt. 26th Nov. 1865.
Peter Herriff, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. Corp. April 28, 1863; to Sergt.

March 25, 1864; to 2nd Lieut. April 28, 1865; and to 1st Lieut. June 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Anson B. Ward, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861.

Wounded Oct. 3o, 1863, Disch. Nov. 5, 1864, at end of service.
Daniel Trowbridge, enl. Sept, 3, 1861, Promoted to Corp, Sept. 27, 1861.

Died May 19, 1862, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7th.
James W. Ashborn, enl. Sept 3, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861.

Disch. near Mt. Pleasant, Tenn.
Abel P. Roscoe, enr. as Drummer Oct. 22, 1861. Disch. Aug. 4, 1865.
EnosPease, enr. asFifer, Oct. 27, 1881. Disch. April 30, 1863.
Edward Clifford enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1881.

Disch. near Springhill, Tenn
Elisha C. Woods, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. Oct. 22, 1862.
Henry M. BilUngs. enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861.

Disch. July 11, 1863.
Burr Fisher, enr. as Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 12^

1862. Disch. Jan. 12, 1863,

112

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

William H. H. Flick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27,

1861. Wounded at Shiloh, April 7, 1863. Disch. Dec. 11, 1862.
Emory Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch.

Oct. 22. 1862.
Allen Atherton, enl, Sept. 18th, 1861. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15,

1804.
Elon G. Bnughton, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 19, 1862.

Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 13,

1865.
John D. Butler, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 . Trinsf . to 1st Engineers, 1864.
Thomas Butler, enl. Sept. 31. 1861. Promoted to Corp . Deo. 13, 1862;

and to Sergt. March 27, 1864. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 85,

1863 and Piclcett's Mills, May 87, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.
Asa P. Carr, enl. Sept . 14, 1861 . Disch . at end of term Nov. 5, 1864.
George H. Claskey, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Mus-
tered out June 13, 1865.
Edward F. Corkell, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Died at luka. Miss., May 18, 1862.
John F. Cowan, enl. Sept. 10. 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863.
Jesse Davidson, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 22,

1862..
Joseph Davidson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov,

25, 1863.
William Deisman, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded Dec. 31, 1862, at Stone

River; Sept. 19, 1863 at Chickamauga, and May 87, 1864, at Pickett's

Mills, 6a. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Disch Aug. 12 1865.
William Dunkee, enl. Sept, 18, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1862.

Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 25, 1868.
Arthur Emerson, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 13, 1862, to

Sergt. Dec. 9 1864. to 1st Sergt. April 1, 1865. Wounded at Shiloh

April 7, 1862, and Mission Ridge Nov. 33, 1863. Mustered out with the

Reg.
S. F. Fancher, enl. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and

to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Josiah Flich. enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Dec. 6, 1863,
Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.,

Dec. 8, 1863. of wounds rec'd at Orchard Knob Nov. 33.
John Gardner, enl. Sept, 17. 18-31 , Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn,, Nov.

2.5, 1863.
Francis Gibbons, enl. Sept, 17, 1861. Disch. July 14, 1862.
Theodore Gregorj-, enl. Sept. 2d, 1861. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, 6a.,

May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
William Glasgow, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862.

Disch. Nov. 3, 1863.
Francis Harris, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 35, 1863.
Martin Harris, enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. July 29, 1862.
Albert Herriman, enl. Sept. 25, 1S61. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865

Mustered out with the Reg.
Johnson 0. Hewitt, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.

Wounded Sept. 19, 1863, Mustered out at Nashville.
Alexander Hornig, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 5, 1864.
Hugh Hart, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded April 7, 1862, at Shiloh.

Disch. Oct. 11, 1862.
Joseph Hirst, enl . Oct. 3, 1861. Died Jan. 28, 1863, at Nashville of wounds

rec'd at Stone River Dec. 3, 1863.
Erastus P. Ives, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky, , Feb. 20, 1863.
David M. Jones, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Died at Bedford, O., Feb. 6, 1863.
Julius Jones, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Reg.
Edward M Kelley, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept.

19, 1863, and taken prisoner. Died in Andersonville prison Aug. 15,

1864.
Jason Lockwood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to i.'orp, March 24, 1864,

and to Sergt. April 1, 1865, Wounded at Chattahochie River July 5,

1864, Mustered out with the Reg,
Levi Mead, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 7, 1862.
William H. Marshall, enl. October 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9,

1864, and to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Orson C. Mathews, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Taken prisoner Oct. 83, 1864. Disch

June 22, 1865.
Benjamin Needham, enl. Sept. 18, 1861 , Wounded April 7, 1863, at Shi-
loh, and at Orchard Knob Nov, 33. 1833 Disch. for disability July

6, 1864,
James F. Newcomb, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg
Michael O'Bryan, enl. Sept. 35, 1.961. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863.
Orwin Osborne, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Pro.iioted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1863.

Disch, Aug. 15, 1862.
Thomas Pearce, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863.
William Powers, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf to Vet. Reserve Corps.
James Pease, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded at Orchard Knob Nov. 83,

1863. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 6, 1864.
Julius Raue, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. July 12, 1862.
Luther Richardson, enl. Sept, 8, 1861. Killed at Pieketts' Mills Ga

May 27, 1864.
Virgil Richmond, enl. Sept. 81, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864.

Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.
William H, Rattles, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills Ga

May 37, 1864,

waiiam Simpson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. June 12, 1868.

Oliver Slocum, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. Nov. 29, 1862.

Emerson W. Smellie, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Qjrp. Feb. 11

1863. Died Nov. 26, 1863, of wounds ree'd at Mission Ridge the day

before.
Spencer A. Sawyer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864,

and Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, and

at Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Samuel Sampson, enl. Sept. 14, 1861.

Thomas Studer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 16, 1882.
William E. Smith, enl. Oct. 15,1861. Wounded De.-. .31, 1863. Mus-
tered out June 13, 1865.
John S. Tennis, enl. Sept, 14, 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863.
George J. A. Thompson. (See Field and Staff.)
Andrew Trump, enl. Sept 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 87,

1864.
Daniel E. Underhill, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky,

Jan. 15, 1862.
Charles Venoah, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded at Eeadyville, Tenn., Feb.

19, 1863, and at Mission Ridge Nov. 23, 1863. Disch. at end of term

Nov. 29, 1864
John Wakefield, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 24, 1861,

and to 1st Sergt. April 27, 1863. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19,

1863, and Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out at end of term
Nov. 4, 1864.

Zenas Wheeler, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 19, 1862.
William Wick, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Nehemiah Flick, enl, March 1,1864, Promoted to Corp, July 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Rear.
Verneuel Button, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Benoah Kellogg, enl. March 2, 1864. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga.,

May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Jonathan Minor, enl. 1864. Wounded at Nashville, Tenn., Deo.

16, 1864. Disch. with the Reg.
William Woods, ent. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Royal Dunham, enl. Feb. 29, 18)4. Killed at Pieketts' Mills, Ga., May 27,

1864.
Moses Tompkins, enl. Feb. 12, 1864, Died June 21, 1864, at Chattanooga,

Tenn., of wounds received at Pieketts' Mills, May 27.
William Cowan, enl. Oct. 8. 1862, Disch. March 6. 1863.
John Mier, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Disch. June 13. 1865,
Leonard Presing, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Wounded at Bull's Gap. Tenn.,

April 1, 1865. Disch. June 13, 1865.

COMPANY E.

Frank D. Stone, enr as Capt. Sept. 30, 1861. Resigned Jan. 23, 1862.
William J. Morgan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted Jan. 30,

1862, to Capt. Resigned March 24, 1863.
Ferdmand D. Cobb, enl. as 1st Sergt, Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to

2d Lieut. March 17, 1862, to 1st Lieut. May 21, 1862, and transf. to Co.

E. Wounded at Nashville, Dec . 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Harry W. Jones, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Feb. 8, 1862. Disch. Oct, 1, 1862.
Frederick A. McKay, enl. asSergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 3d Lieut.

Nov. 24, 1862. Resigned Nov. 88. 1864.
Albert E. Virgil, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 12, 1861. Died from wounds re.

ceived at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
Arthur Ecfcert, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov.

2. 1864.
Henry Simons, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed at Stone River Deo

31, 1862.
William Lynch, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O.
William Edwards, enr. as Corp. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. Feb. 81, 1863.
Cyrus Williams, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
William Drum, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Jan 80,

1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

Samuel Colby, enrolled as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term,

Nov. 2, 1864,
John CuUen, enr. as Corp. bept. 12. 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862.
Thomas Powers, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Sept. 16, 1862.
WilHam Langell, enr. as Corp. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Neville, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Discharged at end of term,

Nov. 2, 1854.
Sylvester W.Winchester, enr. as Fifer Oct. 4, 1861. Killed at Stone

River Dec. 31, 1862,
James Arnott, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Transf. to the Veteran Reserve Corps.

Seaman Annis. enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch.

Alexander Beard, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 8, 1862.

•Jervis Barber, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. May 12, 1862.

Caswell Barber, enl. Oct. 27, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1868,

Henry S. Coykindall, enl. Aug. 37, 1861 . Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2,

1864.
Jacob Cressinger, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Thomas Conway, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 . Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
Henry Conway, enl, Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn.

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

113

Timothy Corbit, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds received at Stone

River Dec. 31, 1862.
Dennis Corbit, enl. Sept. 4, 186r. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864,
John Caldwell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Lovisville, Ky.
David Cochran, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 3, 1864.
Michael Chalk, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Died June 18, 1862, from wounds ree'd

at Shiloh Arril 7.
Robert Davidson , enl. Sept. 30. 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
James Evans, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 30, 1865.
Patrick Flannagan, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Ensign FuUweller, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 16, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Edward Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. Aug. 22, 1862, for disa-
bility caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Patrick Farrell, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Disoh. at end of term Feb. 28, 1865.
John Gordon, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O.
Michael Griffin, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Feb. 21, 1865.
John Halpin, enl. Sept. l', 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

18B3.
Fiederick Hodge, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 6, 1862.
Oliver Hobart. enl. Aug. 37, 1861. Disch. March 31, 1863.
Daniel Hogan, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 5, 1862.
WUIiamHiland, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds rec'd at Mission

Ridge Nov. 28, 1863.
Abram Hubbell, enl. Aug. 27, 186] . Disch. at Camp WicklifEe, Ky.
Urson Harvey, enl. Oct. 9, 1861, Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

1863.
John Hayes, enl. Sept 12, 1861. Died June 15, 1862, at Cincinnati, from

wounds received at Shiloh April 7.
Charles Herling, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., Nov.

27, 1864.
Edward Johnson, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 12, 1864.
John Kepler, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 18, 1863.
James Labier, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
John Lobdell, enl. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Robert Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. Jan. 22, 1863.
Andrew Mattison, enl Sept 12,1861. Disoh. for disability Jan. 15, 1862,
Anthony Montreal, enl . Sept. 4, 1861 . Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
James Murray, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
Joseph Moses, enl. Sept. 15, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1862.
Richard Neville, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disoh. at enl of term Nov. 2. 1864.
William Naly, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Richard O'Eleilly, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disoh. .Ian. 20, 1863.
William Oviatt, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

1803.
David Phillips, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Jan. 2, 1863.
George Partridge, enl. Aug. 27. 1861 . Left at Chattanooga, sick, March

1, 1864.
John Palmer, enl. Sept. 8, 1861, Disch. June 13, 1865.
William Partridge, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted [to Serg. Disch. at end

of term Nov. 2, 1864,
John Price, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov, 10, 1864,
Jesse Quack, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 , Killed at Stone River Dec, 31, 1863.
John Ryan, enl. Sept, 12, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps.
John Rawlings, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Alva Smith, enl, Oct, 9, 1861, Died at Nelson's Furnace Ky,
Cornelius Striker, enl. Sept, 12, 1861, Disch, at Chattanooga, Tenn,
Nelson Stebbins, enl. Sept, 1, 1861. Disch, at end of term Nov, 2, 1864,
Abram Strock, enl, Aug, 27, 1861, Died June 20, 1864, at Chattanooga

from wounds rec'd at Resaca, Ga., May 14,
Samuel Sponseller, enl. Aug, 27, 1861, Honorably discharged to date

July 2, 1865,
William Such, enl, Oct, 9, 1861 , Disch, for disability caused by wounds,

rec'd at Mission Ridge, Nov, 33, 1863.
Cyrus Singletary, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky.
Lyman Treat, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed in skirmish at Chattahooohie

River July 5, 1864.
James Tompkins, enl. Auj. 27, 1861. Disch. at;Camp Dennison, O.,

Jan. 20, 1863.
Benjamin Wood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to Serg. Jan, 20, 1864,

and to 1st Serg, June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg,
Clyde Waussen, enl. Sept, 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Chesley, enl. Aug, 27, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge Nov, 23, 1863,
John Canfield, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Disch, at end of term Jan, 15, 1865,;
George Van Tassell, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Disoh, May 20, 1865.
Daniel Sullivan, enl, Aug. 27, 1S63, Transf, to the Vet, Reserve Corps,
William Ferrell, enl, Aug. 27, 1862. Transf, to Vet, Reserve Corps. April

1, 1865,
Charles Randall, enl, Oct. 2, 1862, Promoted to Corp, , Deserted June

9, 1865,
Michael Howard, enl, Aug. 23, 1862. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn.
Michael Kane, enl , Aug. 26, 1862. Disch, June 13, 1865,
James Maroney, enl, Sept. 2, 1862. Disch, at Cleveland, O,
Mitchell Miller, enl, Dec, 10, 1861, Disch, at end of term Jan, 14, 1865,
Henry Ritlicker, enl, Aug, 18, 1862. Disch. July 31, 1863,
Matthew B, Chapman, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg,
George Fluett, enl, Jan, 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.

Thomas Nay, enl, Aug, 35, 1862, Musteredout with the Reg.
Delos Treat, enl, Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg,

COMPANY T.

Daniel S. Leslie, enr. asCapt, Sent, 2, 1861. Wounded at battle of Shiloh

April 7, 1862, Resigned Sept, 9, 1863.
Ephraim S . Holloway , (See Field and Staff . )
John D, Kirkendall, enr. as 3nd Lieut, Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to 1st

Lieut, Jan, 9, 1862,
Philo A. Beardsley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Jan. 20, 1864;

to 1st Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864, and to 1st Lieut, March 28, 1865, Mustered

out with the Reg.
Ferdinand D, Cobb, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to 3nd

Lieut, March 17, 1862; to 1st Lieut, May 21, 1863,
Charles Cooper, enr, as Sergt. Sept, 2, 1861, Disch, for disability March

35. 1863,
Jacob Renner, enr, as Sergt, Sept, 3, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga

Sept, 19, 1863.

Job Burnham, enl. Oct, 1, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864, Mus-
tered out with the Reg.
Warren L, Ripley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864,

Mustered out with the Reg,
John Pennell, enl, Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan, 20, 1664, and to

Sergt, Dec, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.
Orestes T, Engle, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, JJan, 20, 1864,

and to Sergt, July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Eeg.
Iram Kilgore, enl, Oct. 29, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Sept, 1, 1862.

Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept, 19, 1863, Was taken prisoner and

died.
Charles Shoemaker, enr, as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Killed at Mission llidge,

Nov, 25, 1863,
Thomas P. Baker, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga, Sept, 19>

1863.
Joseph Bouvia, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 35, 1863,
John M, Blanden, enl, Feb. 39, 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills, May 27,

1864.
James Davis, enl, Sept. 3, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862,
Andrew Edney, enl, Oct, 10. 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
Frank Gomia, enl. Sept. 2. 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills,;Ga,, May 27

1864,
S, B, Kidwell, enl, Sept,'.2, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862,
Joseph Parish, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Deo, 31, 1862,
Abraham J , Rice, enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1863.
Andrew Gault, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt Jan, 20, 1864. Died

from wounds received at Pickett's Mills, Ga,, May 27, 1864.
Orlando P. Kilmer, enr. as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Promoted to Sergt, Died

from wounds received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862,
Walter Smith, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 10, 1861. Died at New Haven, Ky.,

Feb. 2, 1863.
Augustus Nieding, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 9, 1864.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Edney, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corporal July 9, 1864,

Mustered out with the Reg,
Henry Older, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corp. Dec, 12, 1864, Mus

tered out with the Reg,
George A, Webb, enl. Oct. 21, 1851, Promoted to Corp, Dee, 12, 1864

Mustered out with the Reg,
WilUam T. Hazel, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Alexander Gault, enl, Nov, 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg,
Edgar Atkinson, enl, Feb, 26, 1864, Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga.,

May 27, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.
George W. Bridge, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Brucker, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg .
Benjamin Darby, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Dillon P, Duer, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Julius F, Goff, enl. Sept, 2, 18S1 , Mustered out with the Reg.
William Keck, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg.
Joseph Lee, enl. March 22, 1855. Mustered out with the Reg.
Ward Ripley, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
William Ryan, enl. Sept 2, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
Jacob Shirley, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Reuben H, Aylesworth, enl, Sept. 2, 1861 , Promoted to Corp, Aug. 1

1862, Died from wounds reo'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863,
Frank Maser, enr, as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nashville, Tenn,

March 33, 1862.
Isaac Flaugher, enr. as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nelson's Barracks,

Ky,, Feb, 13, 1862.
James S. Clary, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Lost on the steamer Sultana,
Thomas Duer, enl, Oct. 10, 1861 , Died at Cincinnati May 4, 1863.
Mathias Hageman, enl. Sept 2, 1861 , Died May 13, 1863, from wounds

ree'd at Shiloh, April 7,
Marshall La Fountain, enl. Sept, 3, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 27, 1863.
Alexander Lehman, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Died of wounds rec'd at Shiloh,

April 7, 1862.
Adam Miller, enl. Sept, 2, 1861 , Disch. for disability.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

George Butsou, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 37,

1864.
John Clark, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864.
James McXahoQ, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I.

COMPANY I.

James McMahan, enr. S rgt. Co. H, Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I and
made 2nd Lieut. Dec. 21. 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864, and
to Capt. Nov. 36, 1864. Res, Feb. 34, 1865.

JobnD. Kirkeudall enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st
Lieut. Jan. 9, 1862, and transf. to Co. B, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 1,

1863. Dis. Nov. 10, 1864.

George D. Parker, enr. as Corp. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dee.

26, 1861.
Shepard Scott, eni', as Drummer Oct. 2, 1861. Missing after battle of

Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1862.
Josephus Ackley, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Mustered out March 29, 1865.
John Clark, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability, July 25, 1864.
John Kennedy, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1862.
Louis Duvoo, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 14,

1864. .

Charles Ellsworth, enl. Sept 14. 1861 . Mustered out at end of term, Nov,

4, 1864.
James Fitzgerald, enl. Aug. 3rth, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1865

Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Gouch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Readyville. Tenn., April 21,

1863.
William Goddard, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 1, 1863.
Uriah Haddock, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 31, 1862.
Henry Holmes, enl. Oct. 2, 1S61. Mustered out at end of term Nov.1,1864.
John W. Hall, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Poe's Tavern, Tenn., Sept. 12,

1863.
Charles Wells, enl Sept. 14, 186!. Mustered out June 17, 1865.
George Warren, en', Oct 22, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan 26, 1865.
Adam Z^aley, enl. Oct. 5, ISil. Died at Belmont Furnace, Ky., Feb. 20,

1862.
William Chapman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered ojt with the Reg.
James E. Chapman, enl. Feb. 2D, 1884. Mustered out with the Reg.
George E. Lauger, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 4, 1863.

Disch. for disability July 3, 1863.

COMPANY K.

Henry Coon enr. as Corp. Co. G Oct. 17, 1831. Promoted to 2d Lieut.
Feb. 14, 1863, and transf. to Co. K. Res. April 17, 1862. Re-enlisted
in 6ih Regt. Aug. 30, 1S62. Mustered out June 8, 1865.
Albert L. Bliss, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec
39,1862.

John OiT, enr. as Corp Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Serg. Died Jan

3, 1863, of wounds rec'dat Stone River.
Newton Battles, enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Died at Camp WicklifEe, Ky Dec
20,1861.

James M O'Brien, enr. as Corp. Oct. .3, 1861. Promoted to Serg. De-
serted Oct. 1, 1862.

William Babcock, enr. as Fiter Oct. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.

James Miller, enl. Oct. 24, 1801. Disch. for disability Dec. 19, 1862.

James Alpin. enl. Oct. 35, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.

Lafayette Brown, enl. Oct. 4, 18il. Disch. for disabUity Jan. 21, 1862.

Edward Dalton, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to Corp. Deserted Oct. 1, 1863.

John Donaldson, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 10, 1864.

Darwin Henry, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 8, 1862.

John F. Kelley, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 11, 1864.

William McEacharn, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by
wounds rec'd in battle.

Milton Miller, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability.

William Price, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at Chatta-
nooga of wounds rec'd in battle

John Pendleton, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 2, 1862.

Arthur Quinn, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1862.

Daniel Regan, enl, Oct. 7, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Reserve Corps.

Jacob Rusher, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.

William P. Rodick, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Disch. March 20, 1865.

Benjamin F. Rand, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 14, 1862.

William Reeve, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1863.

John Stuart, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. i led in Hos. at Chattanooga , 1863.

Conrad Schock, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Deserted April 11, 1863.

Dennis Sexton, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Disch.

Asahel Thayer, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Bowling Green, Ky.,
Oct. 18, 1862.

Nicholas Wagner, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala., July 16, 1862.

Henry Wagner, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 , Disch.

Matthew White, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. fpr disability March 16. 1862.

LeanderM. Lovelace, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 18, 1861. Died at Cincinnati,
April 24, 1882, from wounds.

Marcus Synod, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 15, 1864.

Henry Arnold, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds
rec'd. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863.

RawsoaH. Bradley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1365.

Charles Newton, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 Disch. Aug. 5, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh, A.pril 7.
John Peter, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability .\Iay 23, 1363.
Joseph R. Remley, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1862.
Henry Sanderson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Disch. for disability June 3, 1862.
John A. Standen, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by

wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7, :832.
David ShaefEer, enl. Oct. 13. 1861. Disch. as being under age.
Benj. F. Willbur, enr. as Drummer Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability

May 21, 1862.
John T. Wait, enl. Oct. 1, 1861, Disch. for disability .\ug 5,1863.
Joseph ^Vordeu. enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. June 21, 1865.
Matthias Frederick, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve

Corps .
James Sharkey, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps.
Henry Braunstetter, ear. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability

Nov. 19, 1862.
Charles Newburg, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga May

27, 1864.
Thomas H. Bellard, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Dec. 20, 1862.
Alexander Santeur, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Died at Hosp. at St. Louis ' Jan

15, 1862.
Lyman C. BilUngs, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 3, 1862
EliShisler, enl. Oct. 10, 1861, Lost on Steamer Echo June 19, 1865.
Charles Smith, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Died at Covington, Ky. , May 10, 1862.
Benjamin N. Snyder, enl. Sept. 18, 1831. Died at Nelson's Barracks

Ky., March 15, 1862.
Homer Spaulding, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Died Dec. 2, 1863, from wounds

rec'd at Shiloh, April 7.
Phmpton Stewart, enl. Oct. 10, 1831. Died in Hosp, near Corinth Miss

.lune 31, 1862. ' "

Frank B. Shirley, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died April 24, 1863, from wounds

rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
William Weitzell, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Cincinnati May 10, 1862
from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. ' "'

AlexanderBushong, enr. asCorp. Oct 10,1861. Disch. for disability

Nov. 4, 1862.
WiUiam M. Guthrie, enl. Oct. 10,1861. Promoted to Corp . March 17,

1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 13, 1862.
James W. Perkins, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 17, 1862.

Disch for disability Aug. 29, 1862.
John Eckenroad, enl . Oct 22, 1S61 . Disch . f on disability Jan. 18, 1864.
Daniel Eckenroad, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov.' 25, '862
Albert Faber, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Disch. Sept. 3, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Peter Frederick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864.
James B. Gibson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 21, 1865.
Charles Green, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability March 10, 1863.
Henry Herriff, enr. as Fifer, Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability July 34
1862. '

James Hughes, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865.
William Iry, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. March 30, 1363, for disibility

caused by wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.
Anthony Kreckle, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864.
John C. Chapin, enl. Oct. 15, 1881. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 20, 1864 to
Sergt. Dec, 13. 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 23, 1865. Mustered out
Nov. 27, 1865.
Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec

8, 1862, to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1883, and transf. to Co. G.
Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut
and transf. to Co . H Dec , 5, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Co. F, Oct. 10, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec
8, 1862; to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1863; to 1st Lient. Co. G Nov. 26, 1864-
and to Capt. March 28, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 27, 186.3.

Henry Coon, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1861. Promoted to' 2nd Lieut. Feb.
14, 1862, and transf. to Co. K. Resigned April 17, 1862.

George Hill, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1863,

Albert W. .Miller, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

John Snethen, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

Bridgeman Snethen, enl. March 1, 1864. Died from wounds July 23, 1864.

Allison Varney, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Mustered out May 16, 1865.

William Alexander, enl. Oct. 1. 1863. Killed at Pickett'sMills Ga Mav
27, 1864. ' '' •

COMPANY H.

Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut
and transferred to Co. H, Dec. 5, 1864, and to Captain March 18, 1860'
Wounded in left arm and side Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered out Nov 27
1863. ■ '

Albert Whittlesey, enl. Oct. 10, 1864.. Promoted to 2nd Lieut Nov 7
1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Resigned Nov. 20, 1864 '

William J. Holcomb, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov.'27 1865

Levi Turner, enl. Feb. 6, 1,364. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

William Tooze, enl. Feb. 6, 1864.

Norton T. Worcester, eul. Feb. 24, 1884. Mustered out Nov. 27 1865

Richard Hudson, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. '

FORTY-SECOND AND OTHEE INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

115

CHAPTER XXII.

PORTy-SECOWD, FOBTY-THIRD AND FIFTY-
SECOND INFANTRY.

Company G, Forty-second Infantry— The First Colonel— Whipping
Humphrey Marshall— Driven from Cumberland Gap— Storming Chick-
asaw Bluffs- Defeated-Capture of Arkansas Post— Battle of Port
Gibson— Champion Hills and Big Black— Assaults on Vicksburg— Siege
and Capture— In Louisiana— Mustered out— Its Losses— Its Members
from Cuyahoga County- Forty-third Infantiy— In the ' Ohio Brigade"
—Its Subsequent Services— Its Members from This County— One Mem-
ber of the Forty-fifth Infantry— Fiity-second Infantry— Its Gallantry
at Perryville— Saving the Ammunition at Stone Elver— The Battle of
Chickamauga— Severe Duty before Lookout— Mission Eidge— Relief of
Knoxville— Resaoa and Kenesaw— Subsequent Services— Mustered out
—Members from this County.

FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

Company G of this regiment was principally from
Cuyahoga county; the records showing sixty-four
men from that county on its rolls, and seven more on
those of Companies H and K. The various compa-
nies were mustered at Camp Chase during the autumn
of 1861; the regiment being completed by the muster
of Companies G, H, I and K, on the 26th of Novem-
ber. The first colonel was the now celebrated states-
man, James A. Garfield.

The Forty-second moved to Kentucky in December,
and on the 10th of January, 1863, with other troops,
was engaged in a sharp fight with several thousand
rebels under General Humphrey Marshall. During
the following night Marshall burned his baggage and
fled, leaving his dead on the ground. After consid-
erable other duty against guerrillas, the Forty-second
was made a part of General G. W. Morgan's command,
with which it marched to Cumberland Gap, taking
possession of that renowned stronghold on the 18th of
June. On the 6th of July the brigade to which it
belonged was attacked by a heavy body of Confederates
a short distance south of tlie Gap, and forced back to
that point. General Morgan finally withdrew his
whole command through Kentucky; the Forty-second
acting as rear-guard in a very exhaustive march.

After a short excursion into Western Virginia, the
regiment went down to Memphis, in November, 1863.
In December it proceeded to the vicinity of Vicks-
burg, and on the 29th of that month was one of the
regiments which stormed the rebel intrenchments at
Chickasaw Bluffs. It rushed forward in the face of a
terrific fire with the utmost gallantry, but the storm
of shot and shell and musketry was so murderous that
it was obliged to retire, as was the rest of the assailing

force.

Early in January, 1863, the troops before Vicks-
burg went up the Arkansas river and attacked Arkan-
sas Post. After four hours' cannonading and several
unsuccessful charges,, another charge was made in
which the Forty-second led the advance, but soon
after it got under fire the enemy surrendered. Seven
thousand prisoners were captured.

Returning to the vicinity of Vicksburg the regiment,
in the latter part of April, took a prominent part in
the movement against the rear of that city. In the
battle of Port Gibson it twice charged the intrench-

ments of the enemy and was compelled to fall back
with heavy loss, but its courage was still unbroken
and, being moved to another position, it again made
a charge and carried the rebel works. The enemy
then abandoned the field. This regiment lost more
heavily than any other in the corps.

The Forty-second was slightly engaged at Cham-
pion Hills and Big Black river, and suffered severely
in the unsuccessful attacks on Vicksburg on the 19th
and 33d of May. It participated in the hardships and
glories of the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and
soon afterward was ordered to the department of the
Gulf. During the winter of 1863-4, it was stationed
at Plaquemine, Louisiana. It was engaged through
the spring and summer of 1864 in arduous service,
(though without much fighting), in Louisiana and
Arkansas, and was mustered out in the fall, as the
terms of the various companies expired.

During its three years' service the Forty-second had
one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen offi-
cers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY 0.

Charles P. Jewetc, enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1831. Res. July 11, 1863.
Calvin Pierce, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Pro. to 3d Lieut. May 28, 1863; to 1st

Lieut. May 25, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Deo. 2, 1864.
Edward B. Campbell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861, Pro. to 2d Lieut.

March 20, 1862; to 1st Lieut. June 5, 1862; to Capt. May 27, 1863.

Transf. to 96th Reg. as Capt. Co. E Oct. 33, 1863. Must, out July 7,

1865.
Andrew J. Stone, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 19, 1861 . Died March 9, 1862.
Noble B. Wiggins, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 Pro. to 1st Sergt. July 5, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
John Hull, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
D. J. Wilder, enr. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Pro. to Sergt. Mustered

out with Co .
John W. Hofste, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Co .
Daniel Mulverhill, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. July B, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred D. Stryker, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with the Co.
Henry Collins, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Charles S. Anderson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Carlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Corcoran, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
AmasaS. Garfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Mastered out with the Co.
George M. Kelley, enl. Sept. 19, 18^1. Mustered out with the Co.
James McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
John McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
James McGuire, enl . Sept 19, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co .
Patrick Murphy, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
George M. Phelps, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Seymour Euggles, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick J. Switz, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Shevlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 , Mustered oat with the Co .
Harrold Shattuck, enl. Got. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Wilson Shepard, enl. Oct. 4, 1831. Mustered out with the Uo.
James Williamson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Hays. enl. Sapt. 19, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss. Dec.

29, 1862,

Alfred Faulkner, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Killed at sie^e of Vicksburg, May

30, 186.3.

Henry C. Morgan, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at

Vicksburg, Miss,, July 27, 1863.
William Gardner, enl. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Died from wounds reo'd

in battle, Jan. 12,1863,
John J, Quiggin, enl, Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. DiedinHosp.

at New Orleans, .-i-ug, 31, 1863,
Junior E, Cox, enr. as Corp. Sept, 19, 1861, Died at Cumberland Gap,

Sept. 18, 1863,
BelaW, Porter, enl. Sept. 19, 1S61, Died at St. Loais, Mo., Jan.

1863.
Frank Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Died at Vicksburg, July 26, 1863.

116

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Promoted to 1st Lieut, in XT. S. Col.

Disoh. for disability Sept. 15, 1862.
Disch. Jan. 12, 1863,

Promoted to 2nd Lieut. U. S.

Calvin A. Marble, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Disch. for disability March 25, 1863.
John Brown, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. for disa-
bility May 3, 1863.
John Brayton, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.

Inf.,May, 1?64.
James Gazelly, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.
Jacob James enl. Sept. 19, 1861.
Rufus C. Huntoon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.

Col. Inf. June 11, 1864.
John McMahon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 19, 1862.
Michael O'Brien, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1863.
Warren Kathburn, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 10, 1863.
(Jeorge G. Striker, enl. Oct. 23. 1861. Disch. Oct. 15. 1863, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd in action May 1 .
William Simloe, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 35, 1863.
William P. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15,

1863.
Thomas Mapes, enl. Oct. 4. 1861. Disch. Dec. 4, 1863.
James Deharty, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Transf . to Vet. Reserve Corps.
Nicholas Moore, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Transf. to the Invalid Corps.
John Perry, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Principal Musician Sept.

14, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Oct., 1864.
John R. Bailey, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864.
Edward Caine, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Robert Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Died at home Feb., 1862.
John G. Warren, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Died at Ashland. Ky.,Feb. 1862.
Norman F. Dean, enl . Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Corp .
George D. Farr, enl. "as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct

7, 1863.
Willard M. Farr, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 118th Reg.

U. S. Col. Inf. May — 1864.
George Haycox, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Disch. fordisabiUty July 15, 1863.
John M. Hays, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Disch. at end of term (9 mos ) July

6, 1863.
Edward A. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 5,

1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864.
Lorenzo D. Cox, enl. Oct. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
David B. Clark, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 27,

1863.

Mustered out with the

Hiram J. Bowman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 6, 1861 .

Co. Dec. 3, 1864.

Alvin J. Stanley, enr. as Corp. Nov. 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
Luther M. Fast, enl. Nov. 8, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co
John Warren, enl. Nov. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability April 6, 1862.
Philip Youngblood, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15, 1863.

COMPANT K.

Augustus B. Hubbell, enr. Nov. 15, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jan. 28,
1863; and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Deo'
. 3. 1864.
Joseph S. Osgood, enl. Oct. 33, 1861. Disch. Got. 6, 1862.

PORTY-THIRD INFANTRY.

This regiment had but twelve men from Cuyahoga
county. It was assigned to the celebrated "Ohio
Brigade," the services of which are outlined in the
sketch of the Twenty-seventh Infantry. After the
discontinuance of that brigade, in the spring of 1864
the regiment was actively and gallantly engaged
throughout the Atlanta campaign; taking a promi-
nent part in the conflicts at Resaca, Oostenaula, Ken-
esaw, Decatur, etc. It participated in the "March
to the Sea," and the campaign through the Carolinas,
and was mustered out in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY C,

George Dill, enl. Deo. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co July 13 1865
Albert A. Lawrence, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the C(5
S. S. Piper, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
John Wheelan, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Alexander P. Akins, enl. Jan. 30, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sent 10 1864
WilliamBurch, enl. March 10, 1864. i- . '", looj.

Charles Campbell, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sept. 10, 1864.
John Mahony, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Giles H. Russ, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Schnabel, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY F.

James MoMannis, enl. Jan. 10, 1864. Mustered out with Co. July 13, 1865 .

COMPANY G.

John Moran, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1866.

FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

JuUus J. Sheldon, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 15,1862. Resigned Nov. 6
1864.

:fifty-second infantry.

Twenty-three men of Company I comprised the
representation of Cuyahoga county in the Fifty-third
Ohio Infantry. The regiment was raised by Colonel
Dan. McCook in the summer of 186?. Its first battle
was that of Perryville, where the raw soldiers stood
to their work like veterans, capturing Peter's Hill
after a sharp conflict, and repelling with heavy loss,
the rebel force sent to retake it. It was not in the
battle of Stone River, but its left wing, while escort-
ing an ammunition train to the -scene of conflict, was.
attacked by a large force of rebel cavalry, which was
completely defeated.

After serving in middle Tennessee through the
spring and summer of 1863, the Fifty-second advanced
with Rosecrans, and on the 19th, 20th and 21st of
September took part in the disastrous battle of Chick-
amauga. Most of the time it was held in reserve, and
consequently it did not suffer a very serious loss.
Soon afterwards it was on very severe duty for a week,
without relief, in the worst of weather, holding a
position under the constant fire of the rebels on Look-
out mountain. The Fifty-second supported the
storming columns at Mission Ridge, and was active
in the pursuit of the defeated enemy. It soon after
marched to the relief of Knoxville, suffering severely
from the inclemency of the weather and the scant-
iness of supplies.

The next spring, 1864, the regiment went into the
Atlanta campaign. At Resaca it made a charge and
defeated the enemy, but with heavy loss to itself.
At Kenesaw mountain the brigade to which it be-
longed attacked the rebel intrenchments with the
most desperate gallantry, but was defeated with very
heavy loss; the gallant Colonel McCook being mortally
wounded. The regiment continued in active service
until the capture of Atlanta; marched with Sherman
to the sea and through the Carolinas, and was mus-
tered out in June, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Joel Morse, enr. as Surgeon July 22, 1863. Resigned Sept. 6, 1864.

COMPANY I.

Ira H. Pool, enr. as 1st Sergt, July 19, 1862. Proro. to 1st Lieut. Nov. 26,
1862, and to Capt. April 24, 1864. Died July 30, 1864, of wounds rec'd
at Kenesaw Mt., Ga.

William Freeman, enr. as Sergt. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

William Buckire, enl. June 30, 1863. Disch. June 9, 1863.

Joseph H. Garrison, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

FIFTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

117

John Lanaghan, enl . July 3, 186^. Mustered out with the Reg .

William Lockard, enl. July 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

William Myers, enl. June 3, 1862. Disch. Deo. 26, 1862.

James Moneysmith, enl. June 21, 1862. Died Oct. 23, 1862, from wounds
received in action.

James McKutchen, enl. July 26. 1862. Mustered out with ihe Reg.

Thomas Olds, enl. June 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

George Simmons, enl. July 24, 1862. Deserted Aug. 23, 1863.

Frederick SeiTert, enl. July 26, 1862. Disch. Dec. 18, 1862.

Howard F. Thompson, enl. June 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Reg.

Justin Weisgerber, enl. June 1, 1862

Charles Wittern, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Thomas Waddock, enl. June 28, 1862. Transf . to the Marine Corps.

Sandall Zopher, enr. as Drummer June 11, 1863. Died at Bowling Green,
Ky.,Nov, 4.1862.

Peter Kisser, enl. June 16, 1863, Detailed as baker Jan. 30, 1864.

John N. Uhlsenheimer, enl . June 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.
June 3, 1865.

Henry Lotz, enr. as Corp. June 16, 1863, Promoted toSergt. Jan. 16,
1863. Mustered out with the Reg, June 3, 1865.

Augustus Lotz, enl. Feb. 30, 1864. Transt. to «9th Reg., Co. I. Mus-
tered out July 17, 1865.

George W. Cogswell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1862, Mustered out with the
Reg.

Doming B. Fish, enl. July 24, 1802. Muste.ed out with the Reg.

CHAPTER XXIII.

FIFTr-FOURTH, FIFTY-EIGHTH AMD SIXTIETH
INFANTRY.

Company H of the Fifty-fourth— The Regiment at Pittsburgh Landing—
Chickasaw Bluffs— Arkansas Post— Operations around Vieksburg—
ilission Ridge— Relief of Knoxville Resaca, Kenesaw and Atl nta—
Down to the Sea— Through the Carolinas— In Arkansa.s— Mustered
Out--Menfrom this County— A Man in the Fifty-flfth— The Germans
of the Fifty-eighth— Shaking off the Snow to attack Fort Donelson—
Pittsburg Landing— Chickasaw Bluffs— On the Iron-clads— Running
the Gauntlet— Other Services- Mustered Out— Cuyahoga Members—
The Sixtieth Infantry— An Incomplete Regimen1^-In the Wilderness—
Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor— Petersburg, Etc.— Losses— List of
Cuyahoga County Men.

FIFTY-FOURTH Il^fFANTRY.

A MAJORITY of Company H (fifty-four men) was
the contribution of Cuyahoga county to tJie Fifty-
fonrth Infantry. The regiment was raised during
the autumn of 1861 and the following winter. It
went to Kentucky in February, 1862, and the follow-
ing month ascended the Tennessee to Pittsburg
Landing, and, being in General Sherman's division,
encamped near Shiloh Church. It was hotly engaged
on both the 6th and 7th of April; a hundred and
ninety-eight men being reported as killed, wounded
and missing.

After taking joart in the capture of Corinth, and
after numerous marches in southwestern Tennessee
and northern Mississippi, the Fifty-fourth went down
the Mississippi river in December, 1862, and partici-
pated in the assault on Chickasaw Bluffs; being
repulsed with a loss of twenty men killed and
wounded. It was also a part of the command which
captured Arkansas Post.

The Fifty-fourth was active in all the arduous
marches and hard fighting which resulted in the cap-
ture of Vieksburg; having forty-seven killed and
wounded in the assaults made on the rebel works on
the 19th and 32d of June. It remained mostly at
Vieksburg ur.til October, 1863, when it moved to

15 a

Chattanooga. It helped to achieve the great victory
of Mission Ridge, and was a part of the devoted band
which, with half rations of food and less than half
supplied with clothing, by means of forced marches
in inclement weather succeeded in raising the siege of
Knoxville.

After re-enlisting as a veteran regiment and taking
the usual furlough, the Fifty-fourth engaged in the
Atlanta campaign. It was in the conflicts at Resaca
and Dallas, and lost twenty-eight killed and wounded
in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain. In the battle
before Atlanta, on tlie 21st and 22d of July, 1864, the
regiment lost ninety-four, killed, wounded and
missing.

After the fall of Atlanta the Fifty-fourth marched
down to the sea, and took part in the capture of Fort
McAllister, near Savannah. It marched through the
Carolinas with Sherman, fighting whenever necessary.
In June, 1865, the regiment was sent to Arkansas,
but in August was mustered out, brought home to
Ohio and disbanded.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergt. May 30, 1861, Co. C, 33d Regt. Promoted
to 3d Lieut. July 33, 1861. Res. Sept. 22, 1861, Re-enl, as priv, Co,
H, 54th Regt, Jan, 4, 1862. App, 1st Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862. Prom, to
2d Lieut. Aug. 19, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Nov. 27, 1863, and to Adjt. Oct.

I, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Jan. 4, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Henry Richardson, enr. 8d Lieut. Co. D, 28d Inf. May 30, 1861. Transf.
to Co. B. Made Capt. Co. H, 54th Inf. Feb. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec.

II, 1862.

Silas W. Potter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Aug. 19, 1862.
George W. Browning, enl. Dec. 20, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 5,

1862, and to 1st Lieut Aug. 19, 1863. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863.
Seaman M.Bauder, enl. Dec. 28, 1861, Appointed Sergt, Feb. 8, 1863.

Promoted to 8d Lieut. July 15, 1862. Resigned March 30, 1863.
Isaac B. Seeley, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1863.
Oscar Pearsons, enl. Jan. 1, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862.
Lyman McGath, enl. Jan. 85, 1662. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.
Hugh Moncrief, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.
William Stevens, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1863,
Felix Monroe, enl, Jan, 6, 1862. Appomted Corp, Feb. 8, 1863.
Isaac Travis, enr. as Musician Dec. 22, 1861.
Joseph Richardson, enl, Dec. 20, 1861.
Richard Allen, enl. Dec. 31, 1861.
William Alexander, enl. Jan. 6, 1862,
Charles Ambrose, enl. Jan, 17, 1863,
Charles Bennett, enl, Jan, 4, 1863,
Andrew J. Brewer, enl, Jan, 9, 1862,
Jacob Berschimer, enl, Jan, 15, 1863,
Charles Dalley, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
John Devine, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1864. Taken

prisoner July 22, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865.
George F. Gale, enl. Jan. 8, 1862.
Isaac Guinter, enl. Dec. 28, 1861.
Thomas Gahan, enl. Jan. 23, 1862.
James Hudson, enl. Dec. 28, 1B61,
George W, Hoag, enl, Dec, 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term March

82, 1865.
Patrick Hart, enl. Jan. 10, 1863,
Alfred L, Jago, enl, Jan. 4, 1862.
Horace Knapp, enl. Jan. 8,. 1863,
James Kinkaid, enl. Dec. 34, 1861.
JohnKenney, enl. Jan. 12, 1862.
James Lytle, enl. Jan. 10, 1863.
Hoxie Lamphear, enl. Feb, 3, 1863,
Reuben Mitchell, enl, Jan. 10, 1862.
William Maloy, enl. Jan. 6, 1662.
John Maples, enl. Jan. 4, 1863.
John Mead, enl. Jan. 16, 1863,
John Nelson, enl, Jan, 6, 1868,
Hugh Nelson, enl, Jan. 6, 1863,
Frederic Nicola, enl. Jan. 33, 1862.

118

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Charles Olmsted, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
Albert Parmenter, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.
Josepb Rixinger, enl. Jan. 30, 1868.
Lawrence Eixinger, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
Roger Ryan, enl. Jan. 7, 1862.
Jackson Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1862.
John Skeene, enl. Jan. 12, 1862.
John Sandy, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
John Tieman, enl. Jan. 4, 1862.
William H. Vaughn, enl. Jan. 6, 1862.
Wallace Wass, enl. Dec. 21, 1861.
Jonathan Wlnslow, enl. Jan. 7, 1862.

FIFTY-FIFTH IJSTFANTRY.

COMPANY D.

Charles Stillman, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergeant Oct. 20
1861 ; to 2d Lieut. Oct. 2, 1862. Resigned March 10, 1864.

FIFTY-EIGHTH IlfFANTRY.

This was a German regiment, raised in the autumn
of 1861 and the following winter, and containing
eighty-three men from Cuyahoga county, scattered
through six companies, from E, with twenty-five
men, down to P, with five. It was sent to the front
early in February, 1862, and had the distinction of
being the only regiment with a Cuyahoga representa-
tion which took part in the capture of Fort Donelson.
Arriving at the scene of conflict on the 13th of Feb-
ruary, after a fatiguing march, the soldiers bivouacked
in sight of the fort, slept soundly, and the next morn-
ing found themselves covered with three inches of
snow.

Shaking oflE the snow, the men moved forward.
The enemy came out of his works and attacked
them, but was driven back into his intrench men ts
with heavy loss. The Fifty-eighth then held its
position till night. On the 16th the fort surrendered.

Proceeding up the Tennessee, the regiment went
into the battle of Pittsburg Landing on the 7th of
April, and was warmly engaged until the en«my-
retreated; its loss being nine killed and forty-three
wounded.

After serving principally on the Mississippi during
the summer and autumn of 1862, the Fifty-eighth
went with Sherman's army to Chickasaw Bluffs, where
it charged the rebel works most gallantly; being the
first to reach the line of rifle pits. Like the rest
of the command, it was driven back, however; having
nearly half its number killed and wounded. This
defeat was partially compensated by the capture of
Arkansas Post, in which the Fifty-eighth took part.

It was then placed by detachments on various iron-
clad steamers, where it did good service along the
rivers; being on the fleet which achieved the exciting
feat of running past the blazing batteries of Vicks-
hurg on the occasion of Grant's movement to the rear
of that stronghold. The regiment landed at Grand
Gulf, and lost heavily in the battle which was fought
there; afterwards taking part in the various expedi-
tions in Louisiana. From September, 1863, till De-
cember, 1864, it was on provost duty at Vicksburg,
and was then sent home and mustered out.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlyTY.

COMPANY A.

Jacob Eggiman, enl. April 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept.

16, 1865.
William Sohwandt, enl . May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY B.

John Spaeth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Promoted to Corporal March 1, 1864.
Promoted to Sergt. Dec . 34, 1864, and to 1st Sergt . June 1, 1855 . Mus-
tered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.

Thomas Abel, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John G. Hammerly, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

George Kens, enl, March 30, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April
27, 1865.

August Matthews, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

David Schwinghatner, enl. March 27, 1861 Mustered out wirh the Co.

John Schneider, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Suhmidt, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Fred Schwinghatner, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY c.

John W. Hughes enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Asst. Surg. 48th
Reg. U.S. A., Aug. 5,1864.

George Butler, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.

Jacob Weber, enl, Feb. 27, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Charles E. McMahon, enl. Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Berrick, enl . Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered with with the Co.

Israel Beck, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Patrick Cummings, enl. Feb. 29, 1364. Mustered out with the Co.

George P. Dahash, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Julius Haines, enl. March 13, 1864. Muste:ed out with the Co.

George Haislet, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Klein, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Keaver, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Matthew Lawless, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co.

Charles Lutz, enl. garch 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Sander, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered outwith the Co.

Henry Schlattmeyer, enl. Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Wolfkammer, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered with the Co.

Walter Heffron, enl. March 28, 1864. Died at Vicksburg. Miss., July 7,
1864.

John Wurster, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Died at Cairo, 111., L'ec. 1, 1864.

COMPANY D.

Jacob Elmer, enr. as Musician Deo. 26, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 14, 1865.

Andrew Walter, enl. Dec. 31, 1861. Disch. Nov. 28, 1863.

John C. Bauer, enl. March 31, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, Aprij

27, 1865.
Henry Cornell, enl. March 16, 1S64. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 16, 1865.
George J. Kohner, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Mohr, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Peck, enl, Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865.
William Sheehan, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Palmer, enl. March 5, 1864. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 30,

1864.

COMPANY E.

Robert Specht, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1862; and

to 2d Lieut. Sept. 21, 1862, Resigned Deo, 26th, 1863.
Charles Stoppel, enl. Dec. 9. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 7, 1863; to

2d Lieut. Nov. 14, 1863; and to 1st Lieut. May 35, 1864. Mustered

out with the Co. Jan. 14th, 1865.
Henry Manzelman, enl . Oct . 39, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Sergt . Mustered

out with the Co.
Adolph Manzelman, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

outwith the Co.
William Holtz, enl. Oct. 38, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Emanuel Schadler, enl. Nov. 16, 1861,. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1863

and sent to the Gen, Hosp .
Henry Wurtinghauser, enr. as Musician Oct. 36, 1861. Mustered out

with the Co.
Thomas Dill, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1862.
Philip Boade, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, April 27,

1865.
Charles A. Bolin, enl. Dec, 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Chandler, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Transferred to the Invalid Corps

March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Conrad Frodrith, enl. Jan 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Hugh Hart, enl . Nov. 30, 1803. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Hugo, enl. Jan. 6, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Benjamin Lewis, enl. Jan 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Mullen, enl. Nov. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael O'Morrow, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

FIPTY-FOUKTH AND OTHBE INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

119

Friedrioli Rentz, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Euth, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Alfred Symes, eul. Jan. 14, 1861. Promoted Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus.

tered out with the Co .
Henry Stockinger, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1862.

Killed in action on board gunboat near Liverpool, Miss., May 23, 186-1
Joseph Faad, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 10, 1863.
John Fathschild, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died at Cleveland, O , Aug. 17, 1863.
Gottlieb Meyer, enl. Oct 11, 1861. Died at Vickstuig, Miss., Aug. 13,

1882.
John Spatholtz, enl. Oct. 27. 1861 Died at Camp Dennison, O., July 3,

1862.

COMPANY F.

John Burk, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.
Solomon Bachmann, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John W. Simmons, enl. March 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam H. Shepard, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. Sept. 15, 1865.
James Thomas, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY li.

Caspar Jung, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. , Mustered out with the Co. Jan. 14, 1865.
Frederick Kramer, enl. Deo. 4, 1861 .

August Wagner, enl. Oct. 25, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
JuUus Bauerle, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disoh. for disability May 3, 1862.
John Lee, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. .Disch. for disability Feb. 24, 1862.
Peter Lehmann, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 34, 1862.
John Prell, enl. Feb. 5, 1862. Disch. for disability caused by wounds.
George Eisenhart, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16,

1865.
Emil Von LangendorS, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John Eakowski, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. at end of term Feb. 15, 1865.
Frederick Buehler, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died in Hosp. near St. Louis, Mc

June 2, 1862.
Philip Leidich, enr. as Musician Oct. 14, 1861 . Died Jan. 31, 1863.
Philip Lorch, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Died March 6, 1863.
Charles Wesche, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg Dec. 29, 1862.

SIXTIETH INFANTRY.

There was a one-year regiment bearing this number,
raised in 1861, but no part of it was from Cuyahoga
county. In the spring of 1864 a new regiment of
three-year men was raised to which the vacant num-
ber was assigned." When six companies were full
they were sent to the front under a lieutenant-colonel.
Two independent companies of sharpshooters were
assigned. to it for duty, and two more companies of
infantry joined it during the summer, but it was
never full. One of the sharpshooter companies was
raised principally in Berea and vicinity, under Captain
W. L. Stearns. It finally became Company G- of the
Sixtieth. In all there were one hundred and eighty-
six men in the regiment from Cuyahoga county;
sixty-seven in Company H, fifty-six in Company G,
and forty-nine in Company E; besides a few each in
A, D and I.

The regiment reported to General Burnside, at
Alexandria, Virginia, on the 24th of April, 1864,
joined the army of the Potomac with him, and on the
5th of May first came under fire in the terrible battle
of the Wilderness. The new soldiers bore themselves
with distinguished courage in this awful ordeal, and
were especially complimented for their gallantry in
leading tlie advance at Mary's Bridge on the 9th of
May; crossing the Ny river under a severe fire and
driving the enemy from his position. The Sixtieth
was also hotly engaged at Spottsylvania and North
Anna, and when the deadly assault was made on the
fortifications of Cold Harbor, the young regiment was
there to take part. It did faithful service in the
trenches before Petersburg, and suffered severely at

Salem Mills and on the Weldon Railroad. During
its year of service, eleven of the men from Cuyahoga
county were killed in action; indicating that about
seventy of those from that county were killed or
wounded. A considerable number were also taken
prisoners, of whom a large proportion died in the
rebel prison at Salisbury. The Sixtieth was close up
to the rebel works at Petersburg, and was the second
regiment to enter that city on its evacuation by the
rebels. It was mustered put in July, 1865.

MKMBBKS FBOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry R. Stevens, enl. Capt. Co. H March 23, 1864. Promoted to Maj.

June 86, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 28. 1865.
William L. Stearns, enl. as 1st Sergt. 5th Co. Sharpshooters Oct. 21, 1862.

Promoted March 15, 1864, to Capt. Co. G, 60th Inf., and to Maj. Aug.

16, 1864. Resigned April 18, 1865.
Charles E. Ames, enl. as Sergt. April 18, 1864, Mustered out with the

Reg. July 38, 1865.

N0N-00MMISS[0NED STAFF.

John D. Sohoonmaker, enl. March 31, 1864. App. Hosp. Steward May
16, 1864. Killed in action before Petersburg, Va. , March 29, 1865.

Daniel Lechleittr. enl. Co. I May 3, 1864. Promoted to Com. Sergt.
Deo. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Reg.

COMPANY A.

John Jamison, enl. Jan. 19, 1866. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
James McGloan, enl. Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.

COMPA.NY D.

Edwin Cress, enl. Feb. 17, 1864, Co. G. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. June

1, 1864, and to 2qc1 Lieut. Co. D March 25, 1865. Resigned June 30,

1865.
Christopher C. Gray, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
Dosson Pinch, enl. March 25, 1864. Died at Fairfax Seminary Hosp.

May 15, 1864.
John Hutchins, enl. March 23, 1864. Missing since action of June 17,

1864, in front of Petersburg, Va.

COMPANY E.

A. Q. Quintrell, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 9, 1864. Promoted to Capt,

April 18, 1864.' Missing since action of June 17, 1864, and thought to

have been killed.
Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. H March 16, 1864. Promoted

Deo. 31, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E, and to Capt. July 26, 1865. Mus-
tered out with Reg.
Benj. F. Taylor, enr. as Sergt. March 18, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Sick in Hosp. at Muster out.
James A. Wilson, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with Co.

July 28, 1865.
Robert Gillmore, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with Co.
Joseph Wilson, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with Co.
William J. Beatty, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
Timothy Bacon, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
James W. Brouse, enl. April 12, 1864.

Harvey Brouse, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry O. Brouse, enr. as Corp. March 33, 1864.
William G. Carpenter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865.
Martin V. Fay, enl. April 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William G. Gillmore, enl. March 30, 1864.
Peter McCabe, enl. March 26, 1864.

Robert G. McElhaney, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James S. Morrow, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Francis A. Priest, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William W. Root, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out wit the Co.
Horace C. Treat, enl. MarA .31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles A. White, enl. March 38, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward N. White, enl. March 31, 1864. Absent sick since May 9, 1864.
Henry B. Farrar, enr. as Corp. March 18, 1864. Disch, May 26, 1865.
Thomas H. Rex, enl. March 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June

6, 1865.
George W. Jarvis, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. for disability May 18,

1865.
William S. Rogers, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. Feb. 21, 1865.
John R. Shaw, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. tor disability Deo. 12, 1864.
Henry R. PefEers, enl. March 28. 1864. Disch. June 22, 1864.

120

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Ephraim W. Moss, enl. March 31, 1864, Disch. May 30, 1865.

Jam33 Johnston, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. July 9, 1865.

William H. Farrand, enl. March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July

15 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1863.
Edward C. Stevens, enl. March 30, 1864. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps

Sept. 16, 1864.
JohnD Schoonmaker. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Gordon H. Better, enr. as Musician March 16, 1864. Died in Hosp. Sept.

26, 1864. „ . ,. ,

Philip Ruclile, enl. March 20, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Killed before

Petersburg, Ta., June 17, 1864.
Frank R. Beardsley, enl. March 21, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died of

wounds at City Point, Va., Aug. 12, 1864.
Arthur J. Parkis, enr. as Corp. March 15, 1864, Died in Hosp. Aug. 1,

•1864.
George B. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died Jan.

19 1865, in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C.
Samuel Marks, enl April 12, 1864. Missing since action of June 17, 1864

and supposed killed.
Nelson R. Stevens, enl. March 28, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va.,

Aug. 8, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Norman D. Meaeham, enr. as 1st Lieut. Feb. 26, 1864. Prom, to Capt.

Nov. 6, 1864. Mustered out .July 3, 1865.
Orlando W. Haynes, enr. as Corp. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to 2d Lieut.
March 18, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1865. Mustered out with
the Co. July 28. 1865.
Ira W. Wallace, enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergeant.

Mustered out with the Co .
Henry M. Klrkpatrick. enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis S. Thompson, enr. as Corp. Feb. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co .
Porter M. Weylie, enr. as Corp Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
John Ames, enl . March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
Solomon H. Lee, enl. Feb. 22, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

w,th the Co.
William Sums, enl. March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Edgar M. Reublin, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co .
John Albers, enl . Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
John Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James R. Estminger, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ely Fry, enl. Feb. 3, 1861.

William H. Judkins, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Sent to Hosp. Aug. 6, 1864.
Walter Lewis, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Lacy, enl. Feb. 29 1864. Accidentally wounded.
Ferdinand Lord, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lyman H. Luke, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Wagoner, enl. Feb. 13. 1864. Wounded May 2, 1864.
Henry Wagner, enl. Feb. iS, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Philip Warner, enl. Feb. 29. 1864.

George H . Walberry, enl . Feb . 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Sidney E. Wright, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co.
William Ames, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch for disability May 33, 1865.
Stephen W. Harrington, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Dlsch.

for disability May 24, 1865.
John H. Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
William C, Curtiss, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out June 22, 1865.
Edward Gray, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disoh. for disability June 13, 1865.
Alfred Herold, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Wilbur F. Hildreth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865.
Elmer G. Lacy, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Disch. for disability.
Roswell B. Moore, enl. March 39, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865
Thomas D. Miller, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Disch. for disability March 20.

1865.
Avery Peabody, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 17, 1864.
James H. Powers, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability June 6, 1865.
Grenville Thorp, enl March 29. 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 8, 1864.
J ohn Foster, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps March 15,

1865.
William Pickett, enl. March 31, 1864. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps.
Lewis R. Willey, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 15, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Died April 2. 1865. from woimds rec'd in action.
William W. Wilder, enr as Corp. Jan. 18, 1864. Died of wounds March

13, 1865, at City Point, Va.
John K McReynolds. enr. as Corp. Jan. 8, 1864. Died of wounds Dec

17, 1864.
Wilbur F. Detchon, enl. Feb. 29. 1864. Died of wounds Aug. 16, 1864.
Lyman R. Hamilton enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. June 5, 1864.
Benj. F. Hoffman, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Died of wounds March 26, 1865, at
Baltimore, Md.

William E. Jackson, enl. March 29, 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June
20, 1865.

Benj. F. Purine, enl, Jan. 27, 1864. Killed in action May 25, 1865.

John Schopp, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Died in reb el prison at Salisbury, N. C.
Feb. 37, 1865.

Hiram Sippy, enl. March 4, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury, N.
C.,Nov. 3, 1864.

PhineasJ. Vanness, enl. March 15, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C,
Aug. 34, 1864.

Henry Cooper, enl. Jan. 32, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out
with the Co. July 38. 1865.

Edward G. Disbro, enr. as Corp. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Gassner, enl Jan. 22. 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865.

Charles E. Sutton, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Died Aug. 15, 1864, at Fort Schuy-
ler, N. Y.

Walter Yarham, enl. Jan, 22, 1864. Died by reason of wounds.

Henry R. Stevens, enr. as Capt. March 23, 1864. (See Field and Staff.)
John H. Miller, enr. as Sergt March 28, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865.
Elmer J. Bennett, enl. March 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co.
Orrin Jewell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 39, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co .
Thomas Baker, enl. March '22, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the -Co.
Charles J. Green, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co. '

Richard Bond, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Joseph Roy, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
William H. Babcock, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew J Taylor, enl. Feb. 37, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Reg.
Albert Albertson, enl. March 7, 1864. Promoted to Corp Mustered out

with the Co.
Rinaldo Baxter, enl. March 11, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. May 12, 1864.
Albert M. Bishop, enl. March 23, 1864. Was taken prisoner and paroled.
William Canfleld, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Doty, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John S. Durgin, enl. March 83, 1864. Mustered out with the C
James Gregory, enl Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Aden Grover, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Emory G. Hardy, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Levi Leggett, enl. April 4, 1864. Mustered out with th" Co.
George W. Phelps, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Reuben Pooler, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Reiner, enl March 28, 1864. Wounded and sent to Hosp. May 12,

1864.
Charles Rhode, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Roche, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles D, Scott, enl. JIarch 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Aug. 31, 1864, and

escaped in March, 1865.
George ShefEer, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles W. Stanhope, enl. March 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert F. Thompson, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Missing since action of Aug.

31, 1864.
Amasa G. Taft, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Tucker, enl. April 18, 1864. Sick in Hosp. since April 39, 1864.
William L. Truax, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Waterman, enl . Mar ch 34, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ephraim Wood, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. March 16, 1864. Promoted Deo

31. 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E.
Daniel L. Whipple, enl. March 11, 1864. Discharged for disability Oct.

20, 1864.
Warren D. Belden, enl. March 30, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865.
Seymour Codding, enl. March 17, 1864. Disch. for disability Nov. 18,

1864.
Isaac Elwell, enl. March 18, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 4, 1865.
Homer C. Jewett, enl. Feb. 32. 1864. Disch. for disability Feb. 6, 1865.
Peter Martin, enl. March 26, 1864. Disch June 5, 1865.
Delos E. Manly, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. June 5 1865.
John R. Swartout, enl. March 4, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865.
Ezekiel B. Van Nostrand, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept-

9, 1864.
WilliamG. Waterman, enl. March 29, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865.
George H. Webster, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. June 31, 1865.
Charles D. Giberson, enr. as. Seigt. March 7, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills,

Va , June 1, 1864.
Henry W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Fredericksburg,
Va., May 18, 1864, from wounds rec'd at battle of the Wilderness,
May 6.
John Bryan, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va.,
June 17, 1864.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

121

John B. McAlvey, enr. as Corp. March 11, 1864. Died at Washington,

D. C, June 17, 1864.
William H. Dunton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 23, 1864. Died in Hosp. Jan. 1,

1865.
Nathaniel A, Shipman, enl. March 14, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in

prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 5, 1864.
Harrison Bennett, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills, Va. June

1, 1864.
Horatio Storrs, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in prison

at Salisbury. N. C, Jan. 24, 1865.
Lawrence T. Pepoon, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., July

24, 1864. from wounds rec'd before Petersburg July 7.
Frederick Cheflin, enl Mareh 30, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N.

C, Pe6. 29, 1864.
Thomas W. Carpenter, enl. March 30, lf64. Died in prison at Salisbury

N. C.,Nov. 2,1864.
John A. Clague, enl. March 14. 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7,

1864.
George E. Cowles, enl. March 18, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N.

C, Dec. 3, 1854.
Henry M. Eells, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Richmond, Va.,

Oct 8,1864.
John W. Green, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C,

Dec. 13, 1864.
James H. Hardy, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, June

21, 1864, from wounds rec'd before Petersburg, June 17.
Charles Langton, Jr.. enl. March 84, 1864. Killed at Spottsylvania, Va.,

May 9, 1864.
William Lewis, enl. March 11,1864. Killed before Petersburg. Va., June

17, 1864.
George Moore, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 18,

1864.
Arunah Norton, enl . March 19, 1864 . Died in prison at Salisbury, N C . ,

Nov. 3, 1864. *
Alexander Wicks, enl. March 20, 1864. Disch. for disability June 17,

1865.

COMPANY I.

William H. faiTand, enl. Co. E, March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Maj. July 15, 1864; and to 2d Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1865. Mustered

out with the Co. July 28, 1865.
George K. Alstadt, enl. May 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt.

June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 38. 1865.
Milton D. Allen, enl. May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Monroe Glick, enl. May T 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Peter C. Hine, enl. May 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel H. Brooks, enl. May 3, 1864. Diseh. May 23, 1865.
William Buckheier, enl. April 18, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864.
Frank Hickok, enl. April 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 28,

1865.
Patrick Harrington, enl. April 18, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps,

March 23, 1865.

CHAPTER XXIV.

SIXTY-FIRST, SIXTY-FIFTH AND SIXTY-SEVENTH
IHFANTEY.

Cuyahoga in the Sixty-first— Its First Fight— Second Bull Run— Pro-
tecting Washington— Chancellorsville— Gettysburg— To the Army of
the Cumberland— Fight in Wauhatchie Valley, Etc.— Resaca— Hard
Battle at Peachtree Creek— Guarding Bridges— Down to the Sea-
Through the Carolinas— Consolidated— Mustered Out— Members from
Cuyahoga— The Sixty-flfth and its Cuyahoga Men— In Kentucky,
Mississippi, Etc.- After Bragg— Wading Stone River— An Eight
Hours Battle— Chickamauga— The Atlanta Campaign— Mention of
the Battles— Large Percentage of Losses— In Texas— Mustered Out-
List of Cuyahoga County Men— Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh Consoli-
dated—Cuyahoga in the Sixty-seventh— In Virginia— Gallant Conduct
at Winchester— Numerous Skirmishes -Port Royal and Port Republic
—A Gale at Sea— A fourth of July Battle— In South Carolina— A Seven
Months Siege— Forty Days under Fire— Storming Wagner— Desperate
Courage— Capture of Wagner— Veteran Furlough— Battle of Chester
Station— Ware Bottom Church— Under Fire for Months- Storming the
Works at Signal Hill— Other Fights— Reviewed by President Lincoln-
Storming Fort Gregg— Appomattox— Summer Duty— Out in December
—List of Cuyahoga's Representatives.

SI.XTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

This regiment, which contained members from
almost every county in the State, had thirty-nine from
Cuyahoga county in Company D, and three in Com-

pany 6. It joined Fremont's army in June, 1863;
soon afterwards passing under the command of Pope,
and having its first fight at Freeman's Ford, on the
Rappahannock in July, 1862. It also had a sharp con-
flict at Sulphur Springs on the 23d and 24th of
August, and another on the 25th at Waterloo Bridge.
At the second Bull Run battle it was warmly engaged
for a short time ; having twenty-five killed and
wounded. It was not broken up, like so many regi-
ments, in that battle, and aided in covering the
retreat of Pope's demoralized army. During the
subsequent operations of that year the regiment was
part of the reserve held for the protection of Wash-
ington.

After lying in winter quarters for several months,
the Sixty-first moved south with Hooker and was
actively engaged in the disastrous battle of Chan-
cellorsville, where it had four officers wounded, and
five men killed and about thirty wounded. Its next
battle was Gettysburg, v/here it was sent forward on
the skirmish line and was driven back with heavy
loss. It then took a position on Cemetery Hill,
which it held till the victory was won.

In September, 1863, the Sixty-first went with the
Twelfth Corps to the Army of the Cumberland. On
the night of the 28th of October it was engaged in a
brisk fight in the Wauhatchie valley, driving the
rebels across Lookout creek. On the 23d and 25th
of November, it was engaged in the battles of Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge.

After remaining at Bridgeport through the winter
and enjoying a veteran furlough in March, 1864, the
Sixty-first set out early in May on the Atlanta cam-
paign. It V;'as twice sharply engaged near Resaca,
and again at Dallas on the 25th of May, when twenty-
three of the men were killed and wounded. After
numerous skirmishes, and a sharp fight near Kenesaw
Mountain, it crossed Peachtree creek with Hooker's
corps on the 20th of July, and engaged the enemy.
The latter made a furious effort to drive it back across
the creek, but was repulsed with heavy loss. Ninety-
five officers and men of the Sixty-first were killed and
woumled. After this, the regiment was on duty in
the rear, guarding bridges, etc., until after the cap-
ture of Atlanta.

The regiment then marched with Sherman to the
sea and through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, North
Carolina, it was consolidated with the Eighty-second
Infantry; the name of the latter being retained by
the combined force. The Eighty-second was mus-
tered out about the 1st of September, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CDYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY n.

John D. Bothwell, enr. as Capt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863.
James Armstrong, enr. as 1st Lt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863.
George H. Williams, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1862. Disch.
George Morrison, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 25, 1868. Disch.
Charles W. Foster, enr. as Sergt. March 23, 1862. Disch.
George M. Pell, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1868. Disch. March 14, 1863.
John Savoy, enr. as Corp, March 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1862
Henry Jenkins, enr. as Corp. Feb, 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Nov.
10, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg. March 31, 1865. Must, out July 14, 1865.

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Edward G, Ranney, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp.

Killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863.
Richard Evans, enr. as Musician March 3, 1862. Disch. April 27, 1863.
Charles C. Armstrong, enl. March 31, 1862. Diseh. Oct. 6, 1863.
George Barrett, enl. April 2d, 1862. Disch. March 12, 1863.
Philip W. Bradford, enl. March 3, 1802. Disch . July 9, 1862.
Squire Hallas, enl March 7, 1863.
Jacob Haller, enl. March .3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862. Died

in Hosp. Nov. 28, 1883.
William H. Holley, enl. March 22, 1863. Died June 13, 1865.
George Lambacker, enl. March 1, 1862. Transf . to 83d Reg. March 31.

1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
George W. Mains, enl. April 2, 1862. Disch. April 29, 1863.
Edward McCue, enl. March 20, 1863.

Neal McCuUough, enl. March 31, 1862. Disch. Oct. 18, 1863.
Bernard McGouldrick, enl. March 31, 1862.
John Mclntyre, enl. March 3, 1852. Disch. Sept. 1, 1863.
Patrick McGuire, enl. March 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 15, 1863.
Patrick Murphy, enl. March 14, 1863. Disch.
George W. Nugent, enl. March 6, 1863.

Conrad Reich, enl. March 3, 1862. Died in Hosp. Jan. 18, 1864.
William Eitter, enl. April 1, 1862. Died in Hosp. March 21, 1863.
Comfort Ranney, enl. April 2, 1863.

Jacob Schnurer, enl. March 7, 1862. Disch. June 15, 1865.
Edmond C. Sprague, enr. as Musician April 3, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg.

March 31, 1865. Mustered out July 24. 1865.
Alfred G. Thompson, enl. March 14, 1862. Missing since Oct. 28, 1864.
Lucius Try on, enl. March 13, 1862.
Smith Tryon, enl. March 13, 1862.
George Voght, enl. March 32, 1863.
Albert White, eni. March 7, 1863.
John White, enl. .\pril 2, 1862. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865.

Mustered out July 24, 1865.
A. H. Williams, enl. March 34, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862.

Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863.
Ransom White, enl. April 1, 1862. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 1,

1862.
Robert Wright, enl. March 17, 1882. Died near Stafford Court House,

Va., March 6, 1863.
Charles Wucherer, enl. March 26, 1862. Wounded at Freeman's Ford,

Va., Aug. 22, 1863. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865. Mustered

out July 24, 1865

COMPANY G.

Thomas Costello, enl. Feb. 10, 1862.
John Higgins, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.
Michael Nolan, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.

Disch. March 31, 1863.

SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Augustus C. Barlow, enr. as Surgeon March 10, 1863. Appointed Bre-
vet Lieut. Col. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 1865.

SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

This regiment, which was mustered into seiTice on
the Ist day of December, 1861, contained sixty-nine
Cuyahoga men in Company E, twenty-nine in Com-
pany I and three in Company C. It served in Ken-
tucky through the winter, and in April, 1863, was
present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing but was
not actively engaged. The regiment was on service
in northern Mississippi and Alabama and southern
Tennesse until August, when it marched to Kentucky
in pursuit of Bragg.

At the battle of Stone Eiver, the Sixty-fifth crossed
the river with its brigade on the night of the 29th of
December, the men often in the water to the armpits,
while the enemy was plying them with a heavy fire
in front. They formed line on the farther bank, but
as the supports did not come up the brigade was
ordered to retire. The brigade was not actively
engaged the next day, but on the morning of the 31st
it was ordered to support McCook's corps, which was
being driven back. It was hotly engaged for eight
hours, and its eflorts were at last crowned with vic-

tory. It had three officers and thirty-eight men
killed, and seven officers and a hundred and six men
wounded.

Remaining in the vicinity till June, 1863, the regi-
ment advanced with Eosecrans and in September
fought at Chickaniauga. It was in reserve nearly all
the first day, but on the second fought long and
with varying success; sharing at length, however, in
the defeat of the whole army. It had three officers
and thirteen men killed, and five officers and sixty
men wounded. At Mission Eidge the Sixty-fifth
had fifteen men killed and wounded.

The Atlanta campaign was hardly less than a long
battle, and the Sixty-fifth was as continuously engaged
as any regiment whose records we have observed. At
Eesaca it had twenty-eight killed and wounded; at
Dallas, six; at Marietta, twelve; at Kenesaw twelve;
at Peachtree creek, four.

After the capture of Atlanta the Sixty-fifth moved
vnorth in pursuit of Hood, and on the 29th of Novem-
ber took part in the battle of Springfield, Tennessee;
having twenty-seven officers and men killed and
wounded. The next day, in the battle of Franklin,
it had twenty-three killed and wounded.

These numbers do not look large, but really rep-
resented a large percentage of the regiment; for, after
the discharge of the non-veterans on the 3rd of Octo-
ber, it contained only a hundred and thirty men.
This squad of war-worn soldiers remained at Nashville
until June, 1865, when it went to Texas. It served
there until December, and was mustered out at Co-
lumbus ou the 3d of January, 1866.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Horatio N. Whitbeck, enr. as 3d Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted
to Capt. Nov. 2, 1861; to Major Oct. 7, 1862, and to Lieut. Col. April
3,1863. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1863, at Chickamauga
Sept. 19, 1863. and at Kenesaw Mt. June 37, 1864. Disch. for disa-
bility caused by wounds Aug. 16, 1865.

Wilbur F. Hinman, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. E, Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to
1st Lieut. Feb. 7, 1862; to Capt Co. F, June 37, 1864; to Maj. Oct. 10,
1865, and to Lieut. Col. Nov. 4, 1865. Wounded at Chickamauga, Ga.,
Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.

William H. Massey, Oct. 16, 1861. Transf. to 65th Inf. and made 2d
Lieut. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. andAdj'tFeb. 7,1863.
Died April 7, 1863, of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.

Thomas Powell, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to
Capt. Dec. 1, 1862; appt. Reg. Chaplain July 14, 1864. Mustered out
with the Reg.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

James P. Mills, enl. Oct. 24, 1861, Co. E. Promoted to Com. Sergt. May
1, 1863, and to Q . M. Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.

Melville C, Porter, enl. Co. E, Nov. 1. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1,
1863, to Pr. Musician Jan. 1, 1864, and to Sergt Maj. April 6, 1865.
Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865,

COMPANY c.

M. W. Dickerson, enl. March 30, 1864. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn.,

Nov. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability June 32, 1865.
Charles C. Files, enl. March 31, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, 0.,

Jan. 25, 1865.
George Gilger, enl. March 16, 1864. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 28.

1864.

COMPANY E.

George N. Huekins, enl. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16, 1861. Promoted to 1st
Lieut. Feb. 26. 1863. Died at Nashville April 3, 1862.

Wilbur F. Hauxhurst, enl. March 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1,
1865.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

123

Daniel H. Perry, enl. March 25, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865.
Wilbur F. Hinman. (See Fieldand Staff.)

Ansel Athei-ton. enl. October 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864,
and to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 13,
1865.
Eoyal Edson, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1865.
Robert S. Hudson, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Oct.

29, 1865.
Wallace Walrath, enl. Dec. 25, 1'63. Wounded at Reseca, Ga., May 15,

1864. Disch. for disability soon after.
Hiram A. Vaughn, enl March 23, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps

March 23, 1865,
MichaelTurney, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Lett

sioi in Hosp. at New Orleans.
George C. Thompson, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1,

1864. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864.
Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861 . Transf. to Co. F.
Thomas Powell . (See Field and Staff . )
Thoma's Tompkins, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 9, 18B1.
George Clement, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861.
Winfleld S. Cady, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
George Lee, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
William H. Money, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
George W. Need, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
Edward Stanley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
John T. Mansell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .
Romanzo Smirt, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
Thomas Clayne, enr. as Corp. Oct. 18, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 1,

1862, and to 1st. Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn.,
Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1865.

Oliver Simmons, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp- Oct. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co Nov. 30, 1865.
Joseph H. Willsey, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 9, 1861. Transf. to Co. G.
Peter Gassner, enl. Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864, and to

Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 4, 1865.
Edwin Crocker, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec.

31, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.
Thomas Kelley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga,

Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865.
Charles Hanckerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured

at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865.
Jacob Keeler, enl . Oct. 19, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20,

1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 22, 1864.
Simeon S. Cannift, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 5, 1861.
John Cooper, enr. as Corp. Oct. 5, 1861.
WriUiam Clark, enr. as Corp. Oct 24, 1861.
George Hepburn, enr. as Corp. Oct. 15, 1861.
John F. Euss, enr. as Corp. Oct. 22, 1861.
John N. Baumbah, enl. Oct. 10, 1861.
Thomas C. Ault. enl. Oct. 14, 1861.

Truman Drake, enl. .Oct. 5, 1861.

Jacob Dibert, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 .

Henry S. Daggett, enl. Nov. 6, 1861.

James Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 11, 1861.

Wilbur F. Hulet, enl. Oct. 19, 1861.

William Johnson, enl. Oct. 29, 1861.

MarstonV. B. Knowles, enl. Oct. 8, 1861.

Russell Lewis, enl. Oct. 5, 1861.

Julius Lefflngwell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .

William Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

William H. Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

Lawrence Myer, enl. Oct. 19. 1861.

James P. Miller. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)

Charles H. Nickerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.

William Pumphrey, enl. Oct. 18, 1861.

Stanley G. Pope, enl. Oct. 11, 1861.

James O. Pague, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

Frederick Shreat, enl. Oct 24, 1861.

David D. Schaub, enl. Nov. 9. 1861.

Louis Schneider, enl. Nov. 6, 1861,

William J. Yarham, enl. Oct. 5, 1861.

Thomas C. Aldrich, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. ;to Band. Disch. May

17, 1862.
George A. Whitney, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band. Disch. May

17, 1862.
Charles Y. Wheeler, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band, uisch. May

17, 1862.
Horatio N. Whltbeck. (See Field and Staff.)
Herman Hance, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Nov. 1, 1864.

Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 28, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Jef-

fersonville. Ind.
George Day, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .
Coprad Killimer, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Transf. to Dep. of Engineers July 8,

1864
George W. Stevens, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
William Williams, enl. Oct. 23, 1861.

Melville C. Porter. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Daniel Wolfe, enl. Oct. 23, 1861.

COMPANY F.

Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. E. Oct. 9,' 1861. Promoted to Sergt,
Dec. 1, 1862; to 1st Sergt. Oct. 1, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. F Deo. 8, 1864;
and to Capt. Nov. 24, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865.

COMPANY a.

Joseph H. Willaey, enl. as Sergt. Co. E. Nov. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.
Maj. Deo. 1, 1861; to 2d Lieut. March 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. June 27,
1864; and to Capt. Co. G Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY I.

Lucien B. Eaton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct, 5, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Nov. 22, 1861 ; acid to Capt. Jan. 28, 1863. Resigned May 18, 1865.
Mark Bundy, enr as Goip. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865.
Nicholas Eruch, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co .
Henry C. Ryder, enr. as Serg. Oct. 17, 1861 . Wounded at Stone River,

Tenn., Deo. 31, 1862. Diseh. for disability.
Fred. Adams, enl. Oct. 28, 1861 . Transf. to Vet, Pion'r Reg. Aug. 8, 1864.
L. P. Strickland, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Transf. to Vet. Pioneer Rej. Aug. 8,

1864.
Christopher Waller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Ga,,

Sept. 20, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct. 31, 1864.
Philip H. Bader, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 29, 1861,
Peter Cashen, enr, as Corp. Oct. 14,- 1861 ,
WiUiam Kelly, enr. as Corp, Oct. 18, 1861.
Jacob AUerton, enl. Oct. 15, 1861.
Peter Clark, enl. Oct. 14, 1861 ,
William Chant, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ,
Samuel Cameron, enl. Nov. 20, 1861 .
George Daggett, enl. Oct. 15, 1861 ,
John Desmond, enl. Oct. 21, 1861.
William Franklin, enl. Nov. 19, 1861 .
Franklin Hurt, enl. Nov. 23, 1861.
Abel Knapp, enr. as Drummer Oct. 25, 1861.
Cyrus Myers, enl. Nov. 11, 1861.
James O'Halligan, enl. Oct. 15, 1861.
Patrick O'Harra, enl. Oct. 14, 1861.
Michael O'Neal, enl. Oct. 14, 1861.
Charles Renschkoll, enl, Oct. 19, 1661.
Hiram Stevens, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 ,
Thomas Smith, enl. Nov. 9, 1861 .
Henry Valelly, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Taken prisoner, and paroled Sept. 37,

1863. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 4, 1864,
Robert Wade, enl. Oct. 35, 1861.
Jacob Wisson, enl. Oct. 25, 1861,

SIXTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Two partially formed regiments, the Forty-fifth
and Sixty-seventh, were consolidated in December,
1861, under the latter name. Company G was
entirely composed of Cuyahoga county men, number-
ing a hundred and seven during the war. Besides
this. Company C had sixteen from that county, and
Company D twenty-four; while there were a few each
in Companies B, E, H, I and K — a hundred and six-
ty-five in all. From a manuscript history of Company
C, fui-nished by Captain George L. Childs, of Cleve-
land, and from other sources, we have compiled the
following sketch of the regiment :

The Sixty-seventh went to northern Virginia in
January, 1863, serving under Generals Lander and
Shields at Paw-Paw Tunnel, and near Romney and
Winchester, until spring. On the 32d and 23d of
March it took part in the battle of Winchester;
Colonel Kimberly being the immediate commander,
though General Shields, who was wounded, was some
distance away. On the second day the regiment
moved three-fourths of a mile, on the double quick,
across an open field, under a heavy fire, going into

134

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

action in this, its first serious battle, with the coolness
of a Teteran command, and aiding materially to win
the victory. Its loss was fifteen killed and thirty -two
wounded. It was subsequently in numerous skir-
mishes at Strasburg, Woodstock, Edinburg, Mt.
Jackson, etc.

After many long marches in northern Virginia,
taking part in a sharp fight at Front Royal, and cov-
ering the retreat of the Union army from- Port Repub-
lic, the Sixty-seventh went down the Chesapeake in
the latter part of June to help McClellan. On this trip
it went through dangers as great as those of any battle
field. The barge on which a part of the regiment
was broke loose in a gale from the steamer which
towed it, and tossed for an hour at the mercy of the
waves; horses, arms, equipage, and evei? some men
being washed overboard and lost.

The command' then made its way to Harrison's
Landing, and on the 4th of July the Sixty-seventh
was attacked Just before daylight by a force of the
enemy but soon repulsed it. After the army of the
Potomac went north, this regiment remained at Suf-
folk until January, 1863, when it was sent to Hilton
Head, South Carolina. In May it proceeded to Cobb's
Island, near Charleston, and for seven months was
engaged in the seige of that place. For forty consec-
utive days the regiment was under heavy fire. It led
in the assault on Fort Wagner on the 18th of July;
the Sixty-seventh and Sixty-second Ohio forcing their
way into the fort in the face of a murderous fire,
planting their colors on the parapet, and holding pos-
session of a portion of the fortress for near ten hours.
But all of the three brigade commanders present were
killed or wounded, the position was commanded by .
the enemy on the other side of the fort, fifteen hun-
dred of the assailants were disabled, it was found im-
possible to advance farther, and at length all were
compelled to retreat. The regiment had about a
hundred and seventy men killed and wounded.

After six weeks more of siege, two-thirds of the
time under fire, another assault was ordered on the
7th of. September, but when the column advanced the
enemy was found to have fled. The regiment was
soon ordered to Hilton Head, remaining there until
February, 1864, when it went home on veteran fur-
lough.

On the 27th of April, 1864, the veterans of the
Sixty-seventh appeared at Gloucester Point, Virginia.
On the 4th of May they, with thousands of their
comrades, on a fleet of transports, were threatening
Richmond from the York river; but in twenty-four
hours, by means of a long journey, they appeared on
the south and seized on one of the strongest positions
near Richmond. On the 10th of May, at the battle
of Chester Station, the Sixty-seventh was on the
turnpike from Richmond to Petersburg. The rebels
made a general attack. The regiment held its posi-
tion from flrst to last, despite of four desperate charges;
having seventy-six officers and men killed and'
wounded.

At Ware Bottom Church, on the 20th of May, the
Sixty-seventh captured by a charge a position which
had been seized by the enemy; taking prisoner the
rebel general, W. H. S. Walker, and a number of his
men. The regiment had sixty-nine officers and men
killed and wounded.

During the summer the Sixty-seventh was engaged
in the siege of Richmond and Petersburg, and almost,
constantly under fire. At Deep river, on the 16th of
August, four companies charged the rebel rifle pits,
lost over a third of their men at the first volley, but
captured the line. On the 28th of September the
regiment with the Tenth army corps aided in carry-
ing by assault the enemy's strong works, with double
lines of abatis, at Signal Hill. It was also in severe
fights on the 7th, 1.3th, 27th and 28th of October,
with a loss of over a hundred men.

During the winter it was not quite so steadily in
action as through the summer, but endured unnum-
bered hardships.

In the spring of 1865 the Sixty-seventh, though
depleted in numbers, was in high spirits and in good
" trim;" The division to which it belonged (the First
of the Twenty-fourth army corps) was reviewed by
General Grant, Secretary Stanton, and finally by
President Lincoln himself, and drew forth warm en-
comiums from all those distinguished gentlemen.
These praises were equally well deserved in the field.
On the 2d of April the Sixty-seventh, with the rest of
the Twenty-fourth army corps, assailed the enemy's
works, capturing one after another, and at noon car-
ried Fort Gregg by storm, after a furious hand to'
hand combat, in which the regiment had over a hun-
dred men killed and wounded in half an hour. Fort
Gregg was the key of Petersburg and Richmond,
which fell immediately afterward. The regiment was
also actively engaged in the operations near Appo-
mattox Court House, which resulted in the surrender
of Lee and the collapse of the rebellion. It was on
gai-rison duty in Virginia during the succeeding sum-
mer and autumn, and was mustered out in December,
1865.

MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Rodney J. Hathaway, enr. in Co. G, as 1st Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861, Pro-
moted to 1st Lieut, and Adjt. March 34, 1864. Disoh. at end of term
Nov. 15, 1864.

Grove L. Heaton, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
andR. Q. M. May 2.3. 1863, and to Capt. and A. Q. M. April 10, 1864.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAPP.

Edward S. Allen, enr. as Musician Nov. 11, 1861. Promoted to Drum

Major.
WiUiam Sorge, enr. Dec. 17, 1861, Co. G. Prom, to Sergt. Wounded at

Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. Prom, to Sergeant Major Jan. 11, 1865.

Wounded April 2, 1865.

COMPANY B.

Ebenezer Sumner, enl Dec. 16. 1863. Mustered out Deo. 7, 1865.
WilUam Sumner, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Philadelphia, May
1, 1864.

COMPANY C.

George L. Childs. enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut,
and to Adj . Oct. 9, 1862, and to Capt. May 25, 1864. Wounded at Ft.
Wagner July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Dec. 7. 1665.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTEY, ETC.

125

John L. McCormick, enl. Jan, 2, 1864, Promoted to Sergt. July 17, 1865.
Jacob Hiller, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. . Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865.
Joshua Lovegrove, enl. Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 18, 1864.

Wounded near Petersburg, Apiil 2, 18C5. Disoh. for disability Aug.

26, 1865.
Charles Ellis, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded near Petersburg, April 2,

1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Rinaldo A. Gray, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability March 31, 1862.
Andrew Krieger, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 27, 1865.
Caleb Turner, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862.
Charles Whitehead, enr. as musician Dec. 23, 1861. Disch. Oct. 10. 1862.
George W. Young, enl. Oct. 19, 1881. Transf. to U. ' S . Navy April 2,

1864.
John Fox, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, lib63.
Peter Galvin, enl. Kov. 21, 1861. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1862.
Robert Teare, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23,

1863.
James Williams, enl. Dec. S6, 1861 . Transf. to Co. E. Jan. 7, 1862.
James Watson, enl. Dec. 26, ]f,61. Transf. to Co. E Jan. 7, 1862.
Charles Hornsey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to lorp. Nov. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co .

COMPANY D.

George E. Herrimad, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 20, 1861 .

Almon E. Baldwin, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861.

Wellington Smith, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.
Wounded May 10, 1864.

John Goodman, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1861.

Seth Abrams, enl. Dec. 16, 1861.

Jacob Bogardus, enl. Dec. 17. 1861.

Patrick Corkins, enl. Dec 9, 1861. Taken prisoner at Deep Bottom, Va.,
Aug. 18, 1864.

Jacob Gilbert, enl. Dec. 84, 1861.

Edward Hawkins, enl. Deo. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June ai, 1863;
to Sergt. Aug. 30, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 37, 1865. Transf. to
Co. B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Hornsby enl. Dec. 2, 1861.

John W. Henni, enl. Dec. 10, 1861.

L. T. Hancock, enl. Deo. 23. 1861.

John Jay, enl. Dec. 18, 1861.

Tom Maher, enl. Nov. 28, 1861.

Joseph Ryan, enl . Dec. 24, 1861 .

Oliver Stafford, enl. Dec. 20. 1861.

Joel Van, enl. Nov. 23. 1861.

Henry C. Williams, enl. Nov. 20, 1861.

William Wright, enl. Dec. 22. 1861.

John Hood, enl. Oct. 21, 1864. Transf. to Co B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered
out at end of term Oct. 26, 1865.

Henry Johnson, enl. March S, 1864. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864, and sent to
the Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Michael O'Biien, enl. Oct. 11, 1864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out at end of term Oct. 13, 1865.

Thomas Rodgers, enl. Oct. 7, ^864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out at end of term Oct. 9, 1865.

William Mead, enl. Feb. 28, 1864. Wounded May 9, 1864. Promoted to
Corp. June 21, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Frank Whitney, enl. Dec, 22, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June21, 186S.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Spencer, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Sent to Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Jan.
22,1865. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

William Fitch, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 11, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Deo. 7, 1865.
Hezekiah Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alexander Dic-k. enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. June 19, 1866,
Josiah Silcox, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Disch. Sept. 30, 1865.
William Cattonach, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.

COMPANY Q.

Valentine Heckman. enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 4, 1861. Promoted to Capt

Dec. 18, 1861. Died at Strasburg, May 13. 1862.
Alfred P. Girty, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

May 13 1862. Resigned April 25, 1864.
George Emerson, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut

Co. F, May 26, 1862, and to Capt. July 1, 1863. Died May 23, 1864, from

wounds rec'd May 20.
Charles E. Minor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 2dLieui.

Nov 19, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 18, 1864, and to Capt. March 18, 1865

Wounded at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered

out with the Reg. Dec. 7, 1865.
Edward I. White, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861.
Xenophon Wheeler, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 26, 1861.

16 a

Sylvester W. Matscn, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 22, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Sergt . Killed near Chester Station . Va. , May 9, 1864 .
John J. Wittlinger, enr. as Corp. Nov. 5, 1861.
Isaac H. Ba'ker, enr. as Corp. Nov. 10, 1861.
Oscar Nicholas, enr. as Corp . Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded

at Fort Wagner, July IS, 1863.
Ford W. White, enr. as Corp. Nov. 23, 1861.
William H. Freeman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 2, 1861.
Ira Stoddart, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1,

, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. July 1, 1865.
Michael Kullner, enr. as Corp. Oct. 30, 1861.
Watson J. Parkinson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 7, 1861.
Edward S. Allen. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Lucian R. Thorp, enr. as Musician Dec. 23, 1861.
Joseph Roiakkeis, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1861, and

to Sergt. Jan. 11, 1865. Trans, to Co. C Aug. 3, 1665. Mustered out

Dec. 7,1865.
Frederick Anhalt, ^nl. Nov. 10, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865.

Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
George W. Ackerson, enl. Nov. 1, 1861.
John Barber, enl. Nov. 16, 1861.
Frederick Brodt, enl, Nov, 28, 1861,
John Brower, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Andrew Burns, enl. Dee. 14, 1861.
Joseph Burk, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
Jacob Benzie, enl. Dec. 22, 1861.
George W, Brooks, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
James Catchpole, enl. Dec . 2, 1861.
Bruno Colbrun, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Wounded May 10, 1864. Transf. to

Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
Joseph Clifford, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
Harry Curtiss, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Charles A. Dresser, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
John E. Durham, enl. Nov. 23, 1861.
Latimer N. Dyke, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864.

Disch from Hosp. Sept. 28, 1865.
George Evans, enl. Dec. 2, 1861.
David Elton, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
William Enga, enl. Nov. 11, 1861.
Milan Emmons, enl. Nov. 7, 1861.

John Griffin, enl. Nov. 2.3, 1861 . Wounded May 10, 1864.
Mead Fowler, enl. 1 ec. 9, 1861.
Frederick Fultmeth, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865.

Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
Philip Foles, enl . Nov. 18, 1861 .
Henry Frantz, enl. Nov, 28, 1861,
John Gais, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18,

1863, and at Chester, Va.. May 9, 1864.
Alexander Gordon, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded

at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863.
William T. Green, enl. Nov. 29, 1861.
Charles Gibbard, enl. Dec. 5, 1861.
John Hoaft, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered

out Dee. 7, 1865.
Charles Hancock, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
David Holliday, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
TrumanKidney, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Trans I. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus,

leredout Dec. 7, 1865.
William Kimball, enl. Dec. 3, 1861.
William Keille, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
Paul Kamerer, enl. Deo. 23, 1861.
Louis U. Lyon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Edwin S. Libbey, enl. Nov. 25, 1861.
W. Lucas, enl. Nov. 10, 1861.
John Loch, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
Ed. J. McDonald, enl. Dec. 2, 1861.
Dallas Moon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Levi A. Meacham, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.
George E. Morgan, enl Nov. 7, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. from

Hosp. July 20, 1865.
Alex. Muchler, enl. Nov. 7, 1861.
Peter Mormon, enl. Deo. 12, 1861.
Peter McGue, enl. Dec. 15, 1861 .
Michael Madden, enl. Dec. 13, 1861.
Constantine Olga, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
William Ody. enl, Dec. 11, 1861. Wounded May 9, il864. Promoted to

Corp. Sept. 14, 1864. Transf . to Co 0. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out

Dec. r, 1865.
Albert Oldham, enl. Dec. 18. 1861.
Samuel Plaister, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
George Pike, enl. Dec. 2.3, 1861.
Henry A. Hhilip, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Solomon Pritchard, enl . Nov. 30, 1861 .
Jonathan Ring, enl. Nov. 36, 1861.
Jacob Roath, enl. Nov. 16, 1861.
Milford Rohinsou, enl. Dec. 18, 1861.
August Reisland. enl. Nov. 18, 1851.

126

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Lewis Stattlemeier, enl. Dec. 17, 1861

William Sorge. (See Non-com. Staff.)

Mark Shafe, enl. Dec. 83, 1861.

Taylor E. Stroud, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1864,
and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865.

John Sculby, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863.

David Twitchell, enl. Nov. 9, 1861.

Lafayette Taylor, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.

Jacob Traenis. enl. Jan. 8. 1862.

Sidney J. Varney, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

Augustine Winter, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

Henry Wirsch, enl. Deo. 5, 1861.

Christian Wagoner, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Killed at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

James Wait, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.

George Winfield, enl. Nov. 83, 1861.

Orlando Emerson, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dee. 7, 1865.

Charles Nicholas, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865.

Herman Dhler, enl. March 11, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865-
Transt. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Demaline, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. C. Aug. 3, 1865.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Charles Fuller, enl. March 25, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865

George Heward, enl. March 15, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Amos Hodgman, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus.
tered out with the Co.

Michael Joice, enl. March 22, 1864. Left sick at Camp Dennison Sept.
27, 1864

Jacob Hallett. enl. March 9, 1864. Transf. to Co C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

John Miller, enl. March 23, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus
tered out with the Co.
Samuel Riehman, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865-

Mustered out with the Co.
oseph Studer, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Edward Sumner, erd. Jan. 4, 18B4. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Allen Wheeler, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, I860. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Rodney J. Hathaway. (See Field and Staff.)

Samuel Burd, enl. Nov. 14, 1861.

COMPANY H.

John B. Spafford, enr. as 8nd Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Dec IS, 1861. Resigned Feb. 8, 1863.
Sidney G. Brock, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 18. 1861,

to Capt. Oct. 8, 1S68. Mustered out Jan. 25, 1865.
John Evarts, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch.
Charles Lewis, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. Sept. 11, 1863.

COMPANY I.

John R. Straus, enl. Sept. 83, 1864. Died at Chapin's Farm, Va., Dec. 3,
1864.

COMPANY K.

John Baker, enl Feb. 8, 1854. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered

out Dec. 7, 1865.
William H. Kelley, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865.

Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1665.
Joseph Horn, enl. Nov. 17, 1864. Trans, to Co. E, Aug. 8, 1865. Disch.

at end of term Nov. 17, 1865.
James B. Garner, enl. Oct. 17, 1864. Disch. at end of term Oct. 18,

1865.
John R. Brokan, enl. Oct. 18, 1864. Disch. Sept. 8, 1865.
AlmeronPangborn, enl. Oct. 18. 1864. Died inHosp. at Fortress Monroe,

Va., Aug. 24, 1865.

SEVENTY-SEYEXTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY K.

John J. Calvert, enl. Nov 80, 1861 .
Charles W. Delany, enl. Nov. 85, 1861

CHAPTER XXV.

EIGHTY-POUBTH, EIGHT r-SIXTH AND EIGHTY-
SEVEMTH INFANTKY, ETC.

Thfa Eighty-fourth goes forThree Months— Two Strong Companies from
Cuyahoga— Services in Virginia— Cuyahoga County Men— Two Regi-
ments of Eighty -sixth Infantry— Services of the Three Months' Men
at Clarksburg, West Virginia— Cuyahoga Soldiers— The Six Months'
Regiment in West Virginia— Capture of John Morgan— Capture of
Cumberland Gap— Mustered Out— List of Soldiers from this County—
Eighty-seventh Infantry— Its Surrender— Men from this County—
Eighty-eighth Infantry— Its Duty at Camp Chase— Cuyahoga Men.

EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

This was a, three months' regiment, I'aised in May
and June, 1862. to meet a pressing emergency. Com-
panies D and E, a hundred and ninety-seven men in
all, were from Cuyahoga county. On the 11th of
June it proceeded to Cumberland, Maryland, where it
remained until September, guarding the lines, check-
ing guerrillas, etc. It garrisoned the fort and village
of New Creek a short time, preventing a threatened
attack by General Imboden, and then, after about
four months' service, returned home and was mustered
out.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY'.

PIELn AND STAFF.

John J. Wiseman, enl. as Lieut. Col. June 7, 1862. Detailed on special
service at Washington, D. C, Sept. 12, 1868. Mustered out after the

Reg.
Frank H. Hiuman, enl. as 8nd Lieut. Co. D May 26. 1862. App. Adjt.
Aug. 18, 1868.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Daniel R. Taylor, Q. M. Sergt,
Royal A. Mun=ell, Com. Sergt.

COMPANY D.

John N. Frazee, Captain .

Eli Ely, 1st Lieut.

Frank H. Hinman. (See Field and Staff.)

Thomas Goodwillie (1st Sergt.), David S. Whitehead (Sergt.), William
Morgan (Sergt.), Reuben A. Field (Sergt.), George W. Armstrong
(Sergt.), Jacob J. Lohrer (Corp.), Austin H. Waters (Corp.), William E.
Murray (Coi-p.), Isaac W. Severance (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.),
Albert G. Carpenter (Corp.), Edward S. Warner (Corp.), Oscar W. Han-
cook (Corp.), William A. Diefenbaoh, James Covert, Frank Baker,
Olcott Barrett, James Bemis, Charles A. Bolton, Quincy Bradley, Ed-
win E. Beeman, Charles E. Brown, John F. Brunner, John Banton,
Angus R. Braden, John Crowell, Jr., William H. Chamberlain, Robert
L Chamberlain, Benj. F. Chapman, William H. Chaffee, Michael Car-
roll, Walter Coates, John Dugan, Edward Dangerfleld, John R. Evans,
Hamilton Fordyce, Addison J. Farrand, Wilham H. Farrand, James
Gettings, Henry Glenville, Thomas Guy, Charles H. Gill, Lewis Gross,
Robert Gould Asa A. Goodwin, Charles A. Goodno, Henry HoUey,
George S. Holden, Henry H. Hawthorne, Edwin T. Hamilton, Frederick
T. Hard, James A. Hartness, Edward Hudson, Halsey J. Hawthorne,
Paul B. Harris, Seymour Q. Hunt, Earl Herrick, Peter Kuntz, Frederick
Kinsman, Jr., David C. Ketohum, Thomas Lemmon, David L. Lowrie,
John A. Loomis, Henry E. Lowry, Austin B. Leonard, Theodore J.
Leltz, Chaunoy B. Lane, Josiah Morris, William E. McBride, Robert E.
Murray, Charles W. McReynolds, John T. Mead, John W. O'Neil, Lloyd
G. Parker, William H. Pepperday. John T. Pinkney, George S. Paine,
Charles Pinkney, Charles Quiggin, Geoige S. jQuayle, F. L. Reese, Omar
S. Richardson, John H. Rose, Frederick Stokes. Joseph Speddy, Theo-
dore Sterritt, Edward C. Smith, Samuel Starkweather, Jr., Lewis Stein.
Edward Sewer, Edward C. Tinker, George R. Tice, Daniel R. Taylor
(See Non-Com. Staff), James A. Willson, George Watkins, John B,
Wade, A. B. Woodruff, Charles White, Thomas Whitehead, Joseph
Zuber, Wyllis S. Stetson.

EIGHTY-FOURTH AND EiaHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, ETC.

127

COMPANY E.

James Pickands, Captain .
Virgil C. Taylor, 1st Lieut.
Henry T. Nash, 2d Lieut.

Samuel L. Allen (1st Sergt.), James McGinness (Sergt.), JudsonM.
Bishop (Sergt.), Eben S. Coe (Sergt.), Frank J. Ford (Sergt.), Theron C.
Baldwin (Corp.), Theodore A. Andrews (Corp.), Lyman D. Hunt (Corp.),
Frank S. Chamberlain (Corp.), Elijah H. Norton (Corp.), Beuj. H.
Smith (Corp.), George Wilkinson (Corp.), S. H. Waring (Corp.), Charles
D. Camp, .James J. Adams, Daniel J. Althen, Hannibal A. Beeson,
William M. Barnes, William O. fiarnes, Charles E. Bingham, Eugene
W. Benham, John K. Batchelder, William Calahan, Thomas Chevring-
ton, William W. Castle, Charles D. Collins, David K. Clint, Thomas J.
Crooks, Alexander H. Cobb, Myron E. Cozzen.-i, Orlando M. Calmer,
Charles W. Cook, Charles W. Diehl, Peter Deatry, Charles Evans,
EUery C. Ford, Nathan C. Fleming, Theodore Foljambe, George Gar-
rettson, Lewis B. Gentz, Patrick W. Grineley, George M. Heard. Michael
Hogan, Daniel Henricle, William E. Herrick, Samuel H. Harrison,
Henry A. Harvey, William Holmes, Henry J. Hoyt, Justin Juch, Wil-
liam A. Knowlton, Edwin J. Kyser, Henry C. King, William W. Kim-
ball, Jacob Koch, Edwin "N. Locke, Walter J. Lowman, Albert Means,
Charles D Morse, William D. Mather, Royal A. Munsell (see Non-com-
missioned Staff), Theodore Odell, Lewis D. Oviatt, George W. Potter,
Henry Phillips, Edward S. Page, Timothy H. Uearden, Daniel Roberts,
Lemuel O. Rawson, James C. Ryan. Horace W. Strickland, Frank W.
Smith, Lyman I. Smith, George Spangler, Basil S. Spangler, Henry
Saxton, Gustavus K. Tupper, Hervey B. Tibbetts, Charles M. Voroe,
Cary A. Vaughn, Delos O. Wickham, William H. Wyman, Charles E.
Wllber, Walter F. Wells, Theodore M. Warner, Alfred T, Webber,
Oscar Wade, Henry A. Woodward, Henry A. Welch, Edward E. Young.

EIGHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.

Two organizations bore this name; one raised for
three months in May and June, 1862, and one for six
months in June and July, 1863. Cuyahoga was
slightly represented in both, as appears by the annexed
record. The first regiment went to Clarksburg,
West Virginia, in June, 1862, and remained there
most of the time during the summer, guarding the
railroad, and defending that place and Grafton from
the threatened attacks of gnerrillas. It was mustered
out on the 2oth of September.

The six months organization was completed just as
the celebrated guerrilla, John Morgan, was making
his great raid through southern Ohio. The regiment
was immediately dispatched to Zanesville to help
capture him. One battalion skirmished with a part
of Morgan's force us it crossed the Ohio, while the
other, in connection with Colonel Shackleford's com-
mand, assisted in the capture of the redoubtable
partisan himself.

The Eighty-sixth soon went to Kentucky, where it
joined an expedition under Colonel DeCourcy against
Cumberland Gap; reaching a position in front of that
stronghold on the 8th of September. At the same
time General Burnside, in accordance with the pre-
viously concocted plan, came up from East Tennessee
on the South. The Eighty-sixth and other regiments
were sent forward in line of battle, and every arrange-
ment was made for an attack from both sides, but, on
a demand being made, the rebel general consented to
surrender. The regiment remained at the Gap until
its term expired, wlien itretnrned to Cleveland, being
mustered out on the 10th of February, 18G4.

CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE THREE-MONTHS REGIMENT.

COMPANY e.

Almon G. Bruce, Edwin Ewing.

COMPANY K.

William N. Hubbell (Corp.), Solomon H. Gleaaon, John A. Field, Lo-
renzo Strong, John E . Coleman, Edward M . Kellogg, Conrad Schade,
Ira D. Williams, John White.

CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE SIX-MONTHS REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.

Samuel H. Boyelten, David Gresn.

COMPANY F.

Henry W. Morrell.

COMPANY a.

Charles E. Crowe, Larmon Col well, James Miller.

COMPANY I.

Michael D. DeVVyant, JeremLihS. Dunscomb, Charles Goodsell, Estel
Jackson, George Linsey, John iVhice, Roger Willia:ns, H. B. Steele
(transt. to 129th Inf.)

EIGHTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

This was another three months regiment, and was
more unfortunate than either of the foregoing. It
went from Ohio to Balciniore in June, 186;i, remained
there till the latter part of July, and then reported to
Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. In the forepart
of September that otiicer surrendered his whole force
to Stonewall Jackson. As the term of the Eighty-
seventh had expired, its men were released from their
paroles and the regiment was sent home; being mus-
tered out on the 20th of September, 1862.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY G.

Christopher Keary, 2d Lieut.

William Crawford, Peter Keary, Richard Barringer, William M. Cur
ran, Thomas Deiler, Thomas Fitch, Edward D. Frame, Charles Frame,
Robert Garvey, John A. Godfrey, Henry J. Hewlett, John Miller, John
W. Mayhew, Patrick McLaughlin, Joseph Moley, Andrew McCartney,
Frederick M. Preston, Christopher Rath, Toney Siegel, David Shaugh-
nesy, Andrew Winner, John W. Warr, Thomas Kenaly.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

This was a three-years regiment ; the first four
companies being raised as the "Governor's Guards"
in July, 1863, and the others a year later. It was
kept almost all the time of its service guarding rebel
prisoners at Camp Chase, and though always ready
was never engaged with the enemy. It was mustered
out in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY C.

Wolcott F. Crane, enl. July 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3,

1865.
Andrew McGregor, enl. June 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Willis P. Storrs, enl. July 1-3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY H.

John H. Ii-win, enl. July 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Co. July 3, 1865.
Charles A . Jaycox, enl June23, 1S63. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Johnson, enl. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Welton, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3,

1365.

NINETY-THIRD INF.VNTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Martin L. Brooks, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1865. Mustered out with
the Reg. June 8, 1865.

128

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XXVI.

ONE HUNDHED AND THIKD HfFABTTEY, ETC.*

The Rally in 1863— Ten Companies Ready for the Field— Six of them
from Cuyahoga— First Officers of the One Hundred and Third— Oft
for Kentucky— After Buell— Sickness— The Stay at Frankfort— South-
ward in the Spring— On the Cumberland— With Burnside to East Ten-
nesee— Terrible Roads— Great Hardships— Delight of the Loyal Ten-
nesseeans— Special Enthusiasm at Greenville— Up the Tennessee Val-
ley—Skirmishes atBlueSprings- Marchesand Countermarches— Con -
centrating at Knoxville— Longstreet beseiges the City — Attack on the
Kckets— A Desperate Fight— Gallantry of the One Hundred and Third
—The Rebels repulsed— Increasing Hardships— Sleeveless Blouses and
Legless Pantaloons— A Dollar for a "Hard Tack "-Approach of Suc-
cor—Retreat of the Enemy— Pursuit — The Acme of Wretchedness-
Back to Knoxville— Food and Clothes— More Marching— The Atlanta
Campaign— Resaoa— Charging Breastworks— Lying down under Fire
— " Charge Bayonet'' — Carrying Two Lines of Works — The Next Day's
Battle— Retreat of the Enemy— Pumpkin-vine Creek — " Forward "--
A Wretched Sight— The Rebels retreat— Heavy Skirmishing— A Dash-
ing Exploit— Before Atlanta— Evacuation of Atlanta— Rest at Decatur
—Heavy Losses— Made Headquarters Guard— After Hood— Defending
the Train at Spring Fill— Defeating the Enemy— A Flag from Cleve-
land Ladies— A Long Journey— Arrival in North Carolina— Capture of
Wilmington, etc— Off for Home— A Sad Accident— Ovation at Cleve-
land-Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga County--Men of the
One Hundred and Fourth.

After the disasters of the Peninsular campaign in
June, 1862, and the consequent call of the President
for three hundred thousand more men, it is well
known that, notwithstanding the many severe drains
which the North had had to bear, its sons a^ain ral-
lied with undaunted fortitude in defense of their
country. Cuvahoga, Lorain and Medina counties had
done their full share in sendinar out the one hundred
and twenty thousand men which already represented
Ohio in the field, but when recruiting offices were
opened in them for a new regiment, the farmers, me-
chanics, clerks and professional men of these counties
promptly responded, and by the middle of July ten
companies with full ranks were in the camp of ren-
dezvous at Cleveland.

Of these, six companies. A, B, C, D, E. and G.
were principally from Cuyahoga county. During the
war Cuyahoga county was represented in Company
A by eighty-one members; in Company B by eighty-
two members; in Company C by seventy-two; in Com-
pany D by ninety-three; in Company E by eighty-nine:
and in Company G by eighty-four. These, with five
in Company H and fourteen in Company I. made a
total of five hundred and twenty men from Cuyahoga
county in the regiment during its term of service.
Nine-tenths of these were recruited during the months
of July and August, 1862.

In the latter part of August the ten companies
were organized into a regiment under the name of the
One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, with John S.
Casement, of Painesville, as colonel ; James T. Ster-
ling, of Cleveland, as lieutenant-colonel, and Dewitt
C. Howard, as major. On the 3rd of September the
new regiment set out for Cincinnati, and after a brief
stay at Covington, on the opposite side of the river,
made its first march, on the 6th of September, to
Fort Mitchell, three miles from the latter city. On
the eighth of September the regiment was duly mus-

*Prineipally f rom Col. P. C. Hayes' "Journal-History" of the Resi
ment. ^

tered into the United States service; there being then
nine hundred and seventy-two officers and men in its
ranks.

On the 18th of September the One Hundred and
Third, having been united with Buell's army, started
in pursuit of the retreating forces of Bragg. The
next day it was placed in the advance and took its first
lesson in skirmishing. At Snow's Pond, where the
regiment camped during the latter part of September
and the forepart of October, the men suffered much
from sickness, caused by the stagnant water they
were obliged to use, nearly half the regiment being
sick at once, though fortunately few cases were fatal.
On the 6th the One Hundred and Third moved for-
ward as a part of the brigade of General Quincy A.
Gilmore, but was soon separated from it and ordered
to Frankfort, the capital of Kentucky. It remained
there five months (except diu-ing a trip of a few days
to Louisville), a period which is described as very
comfortably spent, and as being fruitful of the most
pleasant relations with the citizens of that ancient
Kentucky city.

On the 5th of April, 1863, the One Hundred and
Third moved southward, becoming part of the force
of Gen. S. P. Carter, operating against the rebel Gen-
eral Pegram. After considerable skirmishing at vari-
ous points, the rebels attempted to make a stand at
Monticello, beyond the. Cumberland river but were
easily defeated by the Union cavalry, before the in-
fantry could come up. The command, however, was
ordered back to the Cumberland river, which ^¥as
made the southern line of defense by the Union
forces. After a few weeks spent on the north bank
of the river, and some very severe marching in the
forepart of July, nearly all the rebels having been
driven out of Kentucky, a large body of Union troops
was concentrated at Danville and organized into the
Twenty-third army corps, under Major General
Hartsuff, for the purpose of marching to the relief of
the Unionists of East Tennessee. On the 17th of
August General Burnside took the chief command,
and on the next day the army, numbering about
twenty thousand men, set out on its way.

The march over the mountains was one of extraor-
dinary severity. Southern roads, as all soldiers of
the late war well know, are of the most detestable
description, and Southern mountain roads are per-
fectly abominable— resembling cow-paths, in- which
there have been no cows for twenty years. The men
were obliged not only to carry their knapsacks, guns,
cartridge-boxes, canteens and haversacks along these
wretched trails, but to build bridges, lay corduroy
roads, and help along the artillery and wagons, day
after day and night after night, and all on half ra-
tions, or even less.

Still, however, they struggled on, with extraordi-
nary patience under the circumstances, passing Crab
Orchard, Burnside's Point, Emery's Iron Works, etc.,
to Concord in East Tennessee. The enemy fled be-
fore them, and after reaching Tennessee the labors of

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC.

129

the troops were less severe. The loyal Tennesseeans
•were wild with delight at the appearance of the old
flag and its defenders. Every little village was pro-
fusely decorated with the long-concealed National
flags, while the people — men, women and children —
thronged in crowds along the line of march to wel-
come and to Mess the soldiers of the Union. After
taking possession of Knoxville, the principal place in
East Tennessee, on the 1st of September, the Virginia
and Tennessee railroad was utilized by the troops; the
One Hundred and Third and other regiments going
by rail up the valley a short distance northeast of
Greenville.

At the latter place the enthusiasm reached its cli-
max. All the people for miles around flocked to the
depot, and nearly every one brought a basket of re-
freshments— pies, cakes, meats, etc., — for the benefit
of the men who had come to protect them from rebel
rule. Not only were the soldiers in a body greeted
with the wildest cheers as they arrived, but hundreds
of individuals were seized, shaken by the hand,
blessed and wept over by the excited inhabit-an,ts.
And this was only a more striking example of what
was felt and expressed thi'oughout East Tennessee by
the persecuted, plundered Unionists of that devoted
region.

After several marches and countermarches in the
vicinity of Greenville, the command moved up the
valley, in the latter part of September, to Johnson's
station and the Watauga river. After some skirmish-
ing the enemy retired, and the command moved back
to Greenville, and thence to Bull's Gap. On the 9th
of October an advance was made to Blue Springs,
where the rebels were met and companies A and D of
the One Hundred and Third were sent forward as
skirmishers. They came upon a large force of the
enemy which charged and drove them back; killing,
wounding and capturing a considerable number.
Other companies of the regiment were sent to the relief
of those mentioned, but Gen. Burnside was not yet
ready for a general engagement, and the whole com-
mand was soon ordered back to Bull's Gap.

Ere long, however, he was ready, and on the
eleventh of October he ordered a general advance. A
smart engagement took place at Blue Springs, and
the One Hundred and Third lay on their arms all
night expecting a battle. The enemy, however, fled
under cover of the darkness. Numerous other marches,
. forward, backward and sideways, were made in the
dismal autumn weather, but they were not of sufficient
importance to be recorded here. Early in November
all the Union forces in East Tennessee were concen-
trated at Knoxville, to repel a threatened attack by
Gen. Longstreet. The One Hundred and Third
reached that city on the fourth. About the fifteenth
Longstreet appeared and sat down before the place
with the evident intention of capturing it; at the same
time, by means of his numerous cavalry, cutting off
all communication between the Union forces and
their comrades in other localities.

He pushed his advance close to the Union picket
line, and a constant firing between the two sides was
the natural result. Numerous fortifications were
built by the rebels to facilitate the siege, and the
Unionists responded with equal zeal, until every hill
ai-ound Knoxville was seamed with breastworks and
bristled with cannon.

On the morning of the 25th of November Gen-
eral Longstreet sent forward a division of his best
troops to attempt a surprise of the pickets while being
relieved, to be followed by an assault upon the breast-
works. A hostile movement of some kind was ex-
pected, and six companies of the One Hundred and
Third were ordered out to relieve the two which had
previously been considered sufficient. There was
some accidental delay, and the relief did not reach
the post until about one o'clock in the afternoon.
Just as the six companies were being stationed, the
enemy charged with a yell and a volley.

As this was the first time the regiment had been in
a serious fight, it was very natural there should be
some wavering. The men quickly recovered, how-
ever, and volley after volley, closely aimed, soon tes-
tified to the coolness and courage of the sons of
northern Ohio. Heavy firing ensued on both sides
for about an hour and a half. The One Hundred and
Third was assisted by the pickets of the Twenty-
fourth Kentucky and the Sixty-fifth Illinois, and at
length, by the whole strength of those regiments.
The struggle grew hotter, but finally the rebels were
seen to waver, when the Union commanders gave the
spirit-stii-ring order " charge bayonets," and with a
thundering cheer the whole line went forward at full
speed. Before they could be reached, the sons of
chivalry broke and fled to their works on a neighbor-
ing hill, leaving their dead and wounded on the field.
Our men then resumed their old position.

This was known as the battle of Armstrong Hill,
and was the first severe conflict of the One Hundred
and Third Ohio. The companies engaged had about
thirty-flve men killed and wounded.

The siege continued, and its hardships speedily
increased. Overcoats and superfluous clothing had
all been thrown away during the toilsome marches of
summer, the blouses and pantaloons with which the
men had started from Kentucky had been worn out,
the broken communications had prevented the issue
of new articles, and in many cases, while the cold had
rapiflly become more severe, the men were reduced to
shirts and drawers, with the addition of blouses with-
out sleeves, and with pantaloons with no legs below
the knees.

Rations, too, which had been of only half the regu-
lar amount since the command entered Tennessee,
were now reduced to a quarter size, or even less, and
the men were on the verge of starvation. They reme-
died this to some extent, however, by excursions after
corn up the French Broad river, a section which Long-
street had been unable to invest. Even this resource
was exhausted in time, and hunger became the daily

130

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

companion of all the infantry of the command.. Those
who had money could occasionally jjurchase food, fre-
quently giving from half a dollar to a dollar for a sin-
gle army-cracker, commonly known as a "hard tack,"
and from a quarter to half a dollar for an ear of corn.
Those who had no money did the best they could on
their quarter rations.

Fortunately the time of the worst suflferiug was not
of long duration. The victory of Mission Ridge
warned Longstreet that he could only gain Knoxville
by a desperate venture, and the defeat of his attack
on Fort Saunders showed him that the venture had
failed. On the 4th of December six regiments of
Union cavalry evaded the enemy and rode into Knox-
ville, bringing news that the victors of Grant's army
were on their way to the ]-elief of the beleaguered city.
Longstreet, too, heard the news, abandoned the hope-
less task and retreated up the valley of the Tennessee
toward Virginia. Deep was the joy and wild were the
cheers when the defenders of Knoxville learned that
the enemy had fled, and that they were once more
free.

The command was soon ordered to pursue the
enemy, and did so, though in very wretched circum-
stances as to clothes and rations. The men had been
paid ofi, but supplies could not yet be furnished.
Teriible indeed were the marches to and fro in the
valley of the Tennessee, and the cold and rainy New
Year's day of 1864 was long remembered by the half-
clad, half-fed, tentless soldiers as the very acme of
wretchedness. At length, on the 17th of January,
Longstreet started to retreat out of the State from
Dandridge, and the Unionists, deceived by his ma-
neuvers, also beat a hasty and most dismal retreat to
Knoxville. Here they were furnished with ample
supplies, for the first time in over six months, and
were allowed a month to rest.

During March and April there was more marching
up and down the Tennessee valley, with few or no
results, but in the latter part of the last named month
the Twenty-third corps was concentrated at Charles-
ton under General Schofield; the One Hundred and
Third being in the second brigade of the third divis-
ion of that corps. On the 3d of May the whole army
set forth on Sherman's grand campaign against At-
lanta.

On the 13th of May, the Twenty-third corps came
in front of Easaca, which Gen. Johnson had strongly
fortified to resist the advance of Sherman. The next
day, after various maneuvers, the Twenty-third corps
was brought, about noon, in front of the rebel works.
An open field, nearly a mile across, lay spread before
the eyes of the Union soldiers, through which ran a
small creek. On the high bank on the farther side of
this stream lay the rebel infantry, ensconced behind
three lines of formidable breastworks, while a large
number of cannon were massed on a small elevation,
well situated for giving full sweep to their grape and
canister.

Soon after taking their position the Second and

Third divisions of the Tweirty-third corps (the One
Hundred and Third being included in the latter) were
ordered to charge the works. Away they went across
the open field, the enemy's cannon and rifles tearing
the ranks at every step and cutting down the men by
the hundred. Still they pressed on until they reached
the foot of the hill which was crowned by the rebel
breastworks. Here the assailants were ordered to lie
down, and for nearly half an hour remained in that
position. They were somewhat covered from the
enemy's fire, but were in the most trying position to
the nerves which a soldier can well occupy, lying in-
active on the ground, with a storm of rifle bullets and
grape shot continually whistling over them, solid shot
plunging by with resistless fury, and vengeance-seek-
ing shells bursting in every direction.

At the end of the time mentioned, the order,
"charge bayonet," rang from the lips of the com-
mander, and was repeated by the line officers. The
men sprang to their feet with a thundering cheer, and
rushed up the hill. The hail of bullets, canister and
grape was redoubled, the soldiers fell thicker and
faster at every step, but the survivors swept on with
increasing pace, captured the first line of works the
moment they were reached, pursued the flying foe
into the second line, and cleared that, too, at the
point of the bayonet.

But in the meantime the second Division had been
stopped by an unexpected swamp, thrown into con-
fusion, and compelled to retreat with heavy loss. All
the enemy's fire was then concentrated on the Third
division, and it was found utterly impossible to ad-
vance against the third line. But the men held the
ground they had won; keeping a constant fire on the
rebels until nearly night, when they were relieved by
other troops. In this, the second battle of the regi-
ment, more than a third-of the number engaged were
killed or wounded; captains W. W. Hutchinson and
J. T. Philpot being slain on the field.

The next day the battle raged furiously at various
points along the line, but the One Hundred and Third
was not engaged. The enemy suffered so severely
that he retreated during the night, leaving his elab-
orate fortifications to the triumphant Unionists. The
latter pursued him through Cassville, Cartersville,
etc., and drove him from his works on Pumpkin Vine
creek, where the One Hundred and Third, though
under heavy artillery and picket fire, was not serious-
ly engaged until the 2d of June.

On that day the regiment was ordered forward and
came to an open field, guarded on the farther side by
a heavy line of rebel pickets behind strong breast-
works. "Forward" was the instant order, and for-
ward went the depleted regiment, under quite a heavy
fire, which wounded nine or ten of the men, easily
capturing the advanced works, and driving their oc-
cupants back to the main line. Though the One
Hundred and Third was not required to attack this
line, yet a tremendous rain storm made the succeed-
ing night, spent so close to the enemy that no fires

ONE HUNDEED AND THIKD INPANTEY, ETC.

131

could be allowed, one of the most wretchedly memor-
able iu the history of the regiment. At daylight
they discovered that the foe had withdrawn under
cover of the darkness, and the way was once more
clear, at least for a short distance.

On the 10th of June the command again moved
forward, and on the 19th the regiment was engaged
in heavy skirmishing all day; having eight men
killed or wounded and driving t.he enemy back to
Morse's Creek. The next day a small, select body of
men, of which the One Hundred and Third furnished
five, dashed across a bridge in face of tiie enemy, se-
cured a foothold on the farther side and opened a
path of which the brigade promptly availed itself.
During the night the rebels again retreated.

On the 8th of July the One Hundred and Third
crossed the Chattahoochie river, the foremost troops
of Sherman's army, and on the 30th of the same
month, after innumerable marches and .maneuvers
among the mountains of Georgia, came into position
before the celebrated city of Atlanta. On the 33nd
the brigade made a desperate forced march to take
part iu the battle in which McPherson fell, but the
Seventeenth corps had whipped the enemy before the
reinforcements could arrive. On the 1st of August
the brigade moved to the extreme right, and for sev-
eral days was kept on the move for purposes unknown
to any but the commander-in-chief.

On the 28th of August the regiment, with other
troops, abandoned its position north of Atlanta,
moved clear around the city to the south, and began
tearing up the railroad running in that direction. On
the 3rd of September these operations forced the
evacuation of Atlanta by the enemy, and one of the
greatest and most difficult campaigns in the history of
warfe,r6 was brought to a glorious and successful ter-
mination. Immediately afterwards the One Hundred
and Third marched to Decatur, where the men ob-
tained a few weeks of much needed rest. Though it
had not been in so many severe engagements as some
regiments, yet the numerous marches and skirmishes
and constant service under fire had terribly depleted
the ranks; for, out of between four hundred and fifty
and five hundred men with which the regiment started
on the campaign, there were now but a hundred and
ninety-five for duty.

At this time (September 10, 1864,) Lt. Col. Sterling
resigned his position and Capt. Philip C. Hayes was
commissioned in his place.

Shortly after its arrival at Decatur the gallant
little regiment was detailed as General Schofield's
headquarter guard, and after that, except on one oc-
casion, did no more fighting. The Twenty-third
corps went northward in pursuit of Hood, and, after
Sherman returned to make his grand "march to the
sea," went on in company with the Fourth corps to
reinforce Gen. Thomas. At Spring Hill, Tennes-
see, the enemy threatened the wagon train of the two
corps just mentioned, when a division was interposed
to check them. The One Hundred and Third, which

was, of course, with the headquarter train, was or-
dered to support a battery. As was expected, the
rebels made a fierce attack, so fierce, in fact, that the
division was driven back in considerable disorder.
The battery and the One Hundred and Third, how-
ever, held their ground, and by their deadly fire
checked the advance of the foe until the division
oould rally, when the rebels were obliged to retire.
The regiment was warmly complimented by both
Gens. Schofield and Stanley for its brave and op-
portune conduct.

The regiment continued with the Twenty-third
corps, but was prevented by its duty at headquarters
from taking part in the battles of Franklin and Nash-
ville. After those great victories, the corps followed
Hood for a time, but without important results. In
January, 1865, at Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, the One
Hundred and Third was presented by the ladies of
Cleveland with a new flag, in place of the riddled and
worn out banner, of which only a few tatters fluttered
over the heads of the color-bearers.

On the 15th of January the Twenty-third corps
started on one of those long expeditions which were
so common during the war for the Union, but which,
considering the ease and rapidity with which they
were executed, had no example in the wars of the old
world. After a trip by way of the Tennessee river,
Cincinnati, Washington, etc., of nearly three thou-
sand miles, the corps brought up at Fort Fisher, North
Carolina. It then took part in the capture of Wil-
mington, and the movements which led to the sur-
render of Gen. Johnston and the final collapse of
the rebellion, but the One Hundred and Third was
not again brought under fire.

On the 30th of April Col. Casement resigned, and
Lt. Col. Hayes was commissioned as colonel.

On the 13th of June the regiment started for home.
It met with a most unfortunate accident on the 1st
of July the train; on which it was traveling being
thrown ofE the track while crossing the mountains
of Pennsylvania, and twenty-seven men being more
or less injured — three or four of them fatally. The
regiment reached Cleveland the same day, when it
received an enthusiastic ovation and a generous ban-
quet from the citizens. It mustered but about three
hundred men all told, out of the gallant thousand
who left the same place, less than three years before.
On the 33nd of July, 1865, the last payments were
made, and the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry
was mustered out of the service of the United States.

MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Phlip C. Hayes, enr. as Capt. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Lieut, Col.

Nov. 18, 1864; to Col. June 6, 1865. Mustered out with Eeg.
James F. Sterling, enr. Capt. Co. B, 'tb. Inf. Promoted Sept. 1, 1868, to

Lieut. Col. 103d Inf. Resigned Sept. 10, 1864.
Henry S. Piokands, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Capt.

Dec. 9, 1868, to Major May 18, 1865, and to Lieut. Col. May 28, 1865.

Mustered out witli the Reg.
John S. AVhite, enr. as Adj't Aug. 18, 1868. Res. Oct. 1, 1864.
George O Butler, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 19, 1862. Res. May 29, 1863.
George A. Hubbard, enr. as Chaplain, Aug, 15, 1862. Res. Oct. 1, 1864.

132

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

NON-COMMISSIONED STiFP.

Barnabas Brown, enr. as Sergt. Co. D, Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Com.

Sergt. Nov. 1, 1863.
Edward J. Dewey, enl. Aug. 9, Co. B; app. Hosp. Steward at Camp

Nelson, Ky.

COMPANY A.

Franklin A. Smith, enr. Co. D, as 1st Sergt. July 27, 1862. Promoted to
1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1863, and to Capt. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered
out with the Reg. June 12, 1865.
Michael Duncan, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
July 1, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. May 29, 1865. Mustered out with the
Reg. June 13, 1865
James M, McWilliams, enr. as Sergt. July 26, 1862. Promoted to 1st

Sergt., and 2d Lieut. May 9, ]8«3. Resigned March 18, 1864.
DeWitt C. Hotchkiss, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 22, 1862. Promoted to 2d

Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. Transf. to Co. H.
James D. Markell, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1862.
Elias L. Bradley, enr. as Corp. July 7, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. July 1,

1863. Mustered out May 3, 1865.
Charles O. Rolierts, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. July

1, 1863.
Wilson H. Burrell, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. June 22, 1865.
William Ross, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1863.
Ira Henderson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862.
William Stowell, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Joseph Perry, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
John McKeen, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Michael Collins, enl. July 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Ezra Brewster, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Charles Cole, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
John B. Abraham, enl. Aug, 14, 1862.
George Ashelger, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Alfred Adair, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. March 3, 1863.
David Boyd. enl. July 28, 1S62.
John Brennan. enl. July 28, 1862.
Francis Bromley, enl. .Aug. 18. 1862.
William Bear. enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Taken prisoner at Mill Springs, Ky.,

Oct. 5, 1863. Paroled Jan. 16, 1865. Disch. June 30, 1865.
William C. Benedict, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Died at Walton, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862.
Joseph P. Card, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Transf. to Co. C.
James Canfleld, enl. July 28, 1862. Mustered out May 23, 1865.
Robert Crawford, enl. Aug 12, 1862.
Charles M. Caldwell, enl. July 28, 1868. Killed in action at Knoxville,

Tenn., Nov. 2o, 1863.
Thomas M. Connell, enl. July 31, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
Peter Conland, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out May 19, 1865.
John Crane, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.
Joseph Carson, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
Robert Doyle, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner.
Henry Dycker, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.
John Derr, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.

Albert Esty, enl. Aug. 11, 1S62. Disch. May 18, 1865.
Otis Eddy, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.

Wilham Eldridge, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died from wounds Dec'. 29, 1863.
Adam Furnace, enl. Aug. 21, 1862.
John Goudy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Hugh Goudy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Matthew Gooby, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.
Franklin Gould, enl. July 28, 1862
Martin C. Gfee, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.

Oliver Hartzell, enl. July 26, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1865.
John Hoffman, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
Lucas Hannum, enl. Aug. 13, 1862.
Edward Howard, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
Charles Harrigan, enl . Aug. 14, 1862.
Charles S. Johnson, enl. July 24, 1862.
Horace Jerome, enl. Aug. 4. 1862.
William Kirschner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died from wounds at Knoxville

Tenn., Dec. 8, 1863.
Alexander Leese, enl. Aug. 13, 1862.
Henry Lush, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.
Harris P. Losey, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
Albert Lawrence, enl. Aug. 1. 1862.

John D. JIcKenzie. enl Aug. 1.3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 12, 1863.
James Mote, enl. Aug. 15, 1S62. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 24, 1862. Taken

prisoner Dec. 1863. Paroled and disch. June 13, 1865.
Daniel llcCauley, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.

William McMannis, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863.
Elisha Martin, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
William Muchler, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Daniel O'Brien, enl. July 30, 1862. Disch. May 18, 1865.
Sherwood Parks, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
Jerry Reinhart, enl. Aug. 12. 1862.
William Silver, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
Daniel Seabourne, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
George W. Shepherd, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.

Joseph Snyder, enl. Aug. 13, 1862.

John Stubbs, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.

Benj. F. Thompson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

Basil Viers, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. '

Dorsey Viers, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.

Josiah Weigel, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

Hiram B. Ward, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Taken prisoner.

Caleb Weaver, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863.

Thomas Williams, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.

Jesse Walton, enl. Aug. 12. 1862.

Rudolph Werkmeister, enl. Aug. 21, 1862.

James Watkins, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1862.

Asa B. Watkins, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 26,1862.

Solomon S. Drake, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863.

COMPANY B.

Wiilliam M. Hutchinson, enr. as Capt. Killed at Besaca, Ga., May 14,

1864.
Albert H. Spencer, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to 2nd
Lieut. Dec. 4, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17. 1864, and to Capt. May 28,
1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865.
Hernus Burt, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 10, 1862. Died Dec. 4, 1862, at

Frankfort, Ky.
Corwin J. Holt, enr. as 2nd Lieut. July 10, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut.

Dec. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865.
Joseph C. Merritt, enr. as Sergt Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Transf. to Co. F, 1st Tenn. Artillery and made 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864.
Edgar W. Piper, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Detached as clerk at Com-
missary Hd. Qrs. Nov. 25, 1862.
Dennis Lynch, enr. as Sergt. July 17, 1862. Detached as clerk Hd. Qrs.

23d A. C. Oct. 16,1863
H. F. Smead, enr. as Corp. July 26, 1862.
John Merna, enr. as Corp. Aug. 2, 1862. Detached as R. R. Guard Jan.

11, 1864.
James Scarr, enr. as Musician July 12, 1862.
James Erwin, enr. as Musician Aug. 18, 1862.
Dwight M. Cobb, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
William A. Goslin, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. and to Q. M.

Sergt. July 21, 1863.
Benton S. Hayes, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Charles H. Jones, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.

Albert Hill, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps.
Henry Kennard, enl. July 17, 1862.
Sherwood H. Stilson, enl. Aug 6, 1862. Detached as clerk at Hd. Qrs.

Dep. of the Ohio, Knoxville, Tenn.
James W. Stuart, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
George W. Dyer, enl. July 23, 1862.
Hiram R. Ferris, enl. July 15, 1862.

Joseph L Heitz, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out May 19, 1865.
Matthew Hoeflinger, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
Albert K. Quayle, enl. July 15, 1862.
Charles Burt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862.
Edwin A. Barnard, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.
Hiram Bradford, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
Charles Brown, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Charles L. Bonuey, enl Aug. 16, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps

March 22, 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865.
Andrew J. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March

2, 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865.
WiUiam B. Cook, enl. Aug. 16, 1862.
Caleb H. Cook, enl. Aug. 16, 1862.
Ozro Dwtnnell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.

Charles H. Knapp, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Albert D. Knapp, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Detailed as clerk Hd. Qrs. Dept.

Ohio.
Charles F. MiUer, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. .
Henry B. Northrop, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
William E. Romp, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.
Theodore Ridaker, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Theodore Schneider, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
Thomas Stokes, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
John Ridaker, enl. Aug. 22. 1863.

George J. Sheldon, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt
Reuben W. Stockwell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862.
Laites B. Page, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1862.
George Baker, enl. July 21, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.

IsS" ^"'''°°' ""'■ ^"^' ^' '^^' ^'^^ *' Wartburg, Tenn., Sept. 4,
Charles F. Chapman, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
Edward J. Dewey. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
James H. Edmonds, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.
James S. Hendrickson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
Marshal F. Hulet, enl. Aug. 16, 1862.

Heman F. Jones, enl, July 26, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
William Johnson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
William Lussenden, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
William Locke, enl. July 18, 1862.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC.

133

Boyal W. Lane, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability April 20, 1863.
Warren Lane, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Detached as nurse at Camp Cleveland

Oct. 12, 1862.
William J. Lawrence, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out May U, 1865.
Artemus T. Mills, enl. Aug 22. 1862.

Julius Nichols, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Lewis Prindle, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
Thomas J. Poole, enl. luly 21, 1862.

David A. Pardee, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Died at Danville, Ky., July 13, 1863.
John Pieper, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
William D. Ray, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
Rodolphus N. Sabin, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.
Frederick Schroeder, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.
James D. Segur, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
William K. Sutton, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
Cassius M. Warner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Frederick Romun, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.

Aldus Cody, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
George W. Brightman, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.
Lewis Brooker, enl Aug. 6, 1862.
James B. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Adjt. Ist. Tenn.

Artillery Sept. 17, 1863.
Nicholas Boyer, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died at Tazewell, Tenn., Jan. 4, 1864.
Louis Bartlett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
BenJ. F, Brinkerhoft, enr. as Corp. Aug. 7, 1862.
Milo H. Barnum, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.
Alfred Beck, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.
Elisha A. Osbom, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp.

COMPANY c.

John L. Semple, enr. as Capt. July 12, 1862. Resigned Jan. 9, 1863.
Francis M. Thomas, enr. as 1st. Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Capt.

Jan. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865.
John F. Kennedy, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Jan. 9, 1863. Resigned July 1, 1864.
Joseph P. Card, enl. Co. A Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. ; to

2d Lieut. Co. C Jan. 9, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17. 1864. Res.

Dec. 23, 1864.
Edward B. Reynolds, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Richard S. Blossom, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 31, 1862. Disch. for disability

Dec. 2, 1862.
James Burt, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf. to 183d Eeg. Co. H July

5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
John Scoville, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862.
Wilham Haskins, em-, as Corp. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan.

8. 1863.
Thomas J. Cottrell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan.

13, 1863.
Charles Smiih, enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8,

1863.
Henry B. Lockwood, enr. as Corp. July 31, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.

July 1, 1863.
William C. Nagle, enr. as Corp. Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug

17, 1863.
Isaac S. Moore, enr. as Corp. July 28, 1862.
Charles R. Beckwith, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862.
Orlando W. Wilson enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Disch. for disability

Oct. 27 1862.
John W illiams, enr. as Drummer Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan.

27, 1863.
Jesse Thayer, enr. as Fifer Aug. 18, 1862.
Sylvester Allen, enl Aug. 15, 1862,

Charles Bullock, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability March II, 1863.
Enoch Brainard, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Robert Bates, enl. August 14, 1862.
Charles Bey nor, enl. Aug. 19, 1862.
James Bennett, enl. July 31, 1862.
Richard Cattell, enl. Aug. 7. 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Felix CUck, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.

Thomas Cassidy, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
James Cunningham, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Transf. to 183rd Reg., Co. H

July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Edmond F. Denison, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1865.
Silas Dean, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Richard Doran, enl, Aug. 22, 1862.
Benj. S. Franklin, enl. July 21, 1862.
Thomas Fell, enl. July 31, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Henry Fretter, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., April 8, 1863.
John P. Fitzpatrick, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
John Oswald, enl. Jan. 4. 1865. Transf. to 183rd Reg., Co. H, July 5,

1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
John Gordon, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.

Thomas Gribben, enl. Aug. ,28, 1862. Mustered out June 5, 1865.
Joseph A. Homing, enl. Aiig. 7, 1862.
Charles Hammon, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.

17 a

John Hodson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Dec. 24, 1862.

James B. Hart, eulft&ng. 13.-1S62.

David Hughes, enl. Aug. 13, 1863.

Farncis M. Hazen, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.

Thomas Irvine, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Pied at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 26,

1863, from wounds rec'd in action the day before.
Henry Knowles enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
Henry Logan, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
Charles A. Morrison, enl. July 29, 1862. Transf. to 183d Reg. July 5, 1865

Promoted to Corp. Mustered out July 12, 1865.
Timothy Metzger, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Joseph Majo, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
John Montanye, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Lexington, Ky., April 5,

1863.
Jacob Nodine. enl. July 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Kayden Neg gli, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 186f.
James Peasnell, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.

Louis Rolling, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 22, 1862.
John Sullivan, enl. July 29, 1862.
William P. Southern, enl. July 31, 1862.

Thomas J. Scoville, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 18. 1863.
Charles Schultz, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.
Edward Strong, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at seige of Knoxville, Nov. 25,

1863.
Frederick Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Transf. to 183rd Reg. Co. H, July

8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Benjamin Sweet, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. D'sch. for disability Jan. 10, 1863.
Jacob Vomoss, enl. July 29, 1862. Mustered out May 18, 1865.
Andrew Wager, enl. July S0;i862. Promoted to Corp.
James Welch, enl. Aug. 1, 1862.
John Welch, enl. Aug. 19, 1862.
Arthur Ward, enl. Aug."22, 1662. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 4, 1863,

from wounds received in action Nov. 25.
Davis Webster, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Archibald M. Young, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Duncan McNeil, enl. Aug. 1, 1862.
Stephen Whitney, enl. July 30, 1862.
Alexander Wright, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
Joseph Lovely, enr. as Musician March 6, 1864. Transf. to 183rd Eeg.

Co. U, July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Patrick Kelley, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 183rd Reg. JulyCo. H]

5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

COMPANY D.

John T. Philpot, enr. as Capt. July 15, 1862. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May

14, 1864.
L. J. Neville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 3, 1662. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 2,

1862. Res. Feb. 9, 1863.
Alanson R. Dixon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6. 1862. Mustered out May 25, 1865.
Hilon R. Horton, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 28, 1865.
John C. Anthony, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Disch. Oct. 8, 1862.
John Hunt, enl. July 22, 1 662.
William Rothen, enl. July 22, 1862.
James Richmond, enl. Aug. 9, 1862.
Thomas Fell, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
John Conway, enl. July 30, 1862.

Wesley Trowbridge, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Mustered out May. 30, 1865.
Morrell E. Seeley, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.
Franklin A. Smith, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 28, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Co. A, Aug. 15, 1863.
Wilbur M. Sturtevant, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to;ist Sergt. ;

and to 2d Lieut. Ang. 25, 1863. Resigned Aug. 14, 1864.
Barnabas Brown. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Samuel M. Armour, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Transf erred to Vet. Res'

Corps April 1, 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
George D. Upham, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862.
Charles B. Niece, enr. as Musician Aug. 4, 1862. Died at Blue Springs

Tenn., Oct. 7, 1863, from wounds rec'd Oct. 5.
Seth A. WiUey , enr. as Musician Ang. 4, 1862. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
Josiah Averell, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
William M. Bosworth, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Charles H. Bancroft, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
William H. Caley, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.
David Cooper, enl. Aug. 12, 1862,
Martin Frisby, enl. Aug, 11, 1862.
Arthur O. Ford, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
George B. Ford, enl. Aug. 4. 1862.
O. A. Gleason, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
R. C. Glea on, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
D. R. Gleason, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

Almon H. Griswold, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
George B. Goodsell, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
Lucius O. Harris, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.
Charles rl . Hubbell, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
Jason KUby, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Abner C. King, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Serg.

134

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Franklin Lampson, enl. Aug. 4, 1852. Pisch. Jan. 30, 1863.

Harvey B. Nash, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

Daniel L. Ozmun, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. Jan. 6, 1863.

Augustu.s H. Rogers, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1863.

Robert Schuyler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

Henry Schuyler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

George W. Sheffield, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.

Edwin Valkenburgh, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.

Daniel W. Baker, enl. Aug. 21, 1868.

Alvin Barker, enl. Aug. 21, 1S62,

Cornelius Courier, enl. Aug. 13, 1862,

Henry S. Devoe, enl. Aug. 11, :862. Transf, to 2nd Battalion Vet. Res.

Corps. Mustered out at end of term, Sept. 8, 1865.
Henry M. Frizzell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out May 25, 1865,
Frederick Home, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Ira Lowdon, Jr., enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at Som.

erset, Ky.. June 13, 1868.
Franklin Lewis enl. Aug. 8, 1862.

Ferdinand G, Parr, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp.
Constantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1863. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Co. b Nov. 16, 1863,
Henry Russell, enl, Aug, 15, 1862, Mustered out May 24, 1865,
Earl Fisher, enl, Aug. 8, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky,, Feb, 28, 1863,
Thomas Martin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Hamilton D, Dickey, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 9, 1868. Resigned Dec. 3.

1868.
Edwin M. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Miles M. Carpenter, enl, Aug, 6, 1868, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, April 80,

1863,
Hiram M, Glasier, enl. Aug. 18, 1868.
Augustus Kellogg, enl. Aug. 12, 1868,
EUjah G, Matthews, enl, Aug, 6, 1862,
Porter Wells, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Thomas Budd, enr, as Corp. July 28, 1862,
John Barber, enl, Aug, 11, 1862,
William Budd, enl. Aug. 11, 1862,

Julius Burton, enl, Aug, 81, 1868, Eisch, March 30, 1863,
John Cotaper, enl, Aug, 21, 1862,
Andrew Dillon, enl, Aug. 11, 1862.
George GifCord, enl. Aug. 11, 1862,
Perry Mapes, enl. Aug, 18, 1862.
James Sickles, enl. Aug. 11, I8i2,

Moses C, Gate, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 4, 1862, Promoted to 1st Sergt.
William F. Hannaford, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 7, 1862. Mustered out May

11, 1865,
Tenner Bosworth, enr, as Corp. Aug, 7, 1862, Promoted to Se:gt, Mus-
tered May 30, 1865,
William R, Higby, enr, as Corp. Aug. 7, 1862, Disch, Jan. 8, 1863.
Melville Bull, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.

Otis Button, enl. Aug, 7, 1S62, Mustered out June 19, 1865,
Worthy F. Bull, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

May 15, 1866.
Wallace Baldwin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Moses Barker, enl. July 22, 1862.
Martin V, Deady, enl, Aug, 7, 1862.
Almon Dewey, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.

Page M. Gore, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, March 7, 1863,
Lyman B. Hannaford, enl, Aug, 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
James M. Harvey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862.
Earl Kennedy, enl, Aug, 7, 1862.
George H. Lowry, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.
Patrick McGuire, enl. Aug, 8, 1862,
Rufus Sibley, enl. July 24, 1862.
Henry Shepherd, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.
Henry Trowbridge, enl. Aug. 7, 1862.
Burk E. Ward, enl. Aug. 9, 1863.

COMPANY E.

George W. Tibbetts, enr. as Capt. July 16, 1862. Resigned Feb. 9, 1863.
Charles E. Sargeant, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Capt.

Feb. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 13, 1865.
Levi T. Scofield, enr. as 8d Lieut. July 16, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Feb. 9, 1863, and to Capt. Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Lewis S. Dille, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 22, 1862, Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Feb. 9, 1863. Detached as Brig. Commissary Aug. 8, 186 i. Promoted

to 1st Lieut. March 21, 1864, and to Capt. May 28, 1865. Mustered out

with the Reg.
John E, Vought, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 81, 1868, Promoted to 1st Sergt,

Feb, 9, 1863, and to 1st Lieut, May 29, 1863, Mustered out with the

Reg.
Orrin M. Gates, enl. Aug. 33, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Chauncey W. Meade, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 4, 1862.
George F. Ransom, enr. as Sergt. July 18, 1862, Transf. to Vet. Res,

Corps April 1, 1865, Mustered out July 7, 1865,
John B. Ferguson, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability

Sept. 14, 1863.

Lucien D. Whaley, enr, as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan.
5, 1863,

Oscar D, Holloway, enr, as Corp, July 18, 1868,

Jay F, Galentine, enr, as Corp, Aug. 5, 1862.

Martin Streibler, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11. 1863.

William C. Perkins, enl. Auar. 11, 1863, Promoted to Corp, and to Sergt.

James Whalen, enr, as Corp, Aug, 5, 1863, Sent to Hosp. at Lexington.
Ky,, Oct, 24, 1868,

Charles E, Wallace, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1863, Ti-ansf. to Inv, Corps
Nov. 1, 1863,

Lucius B, Laney, enr. as Musician Aug. 12, 1862.

Ansel Perkins, enr. as Musician July 83, 1862.

Abel M. Wilder, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Detached for special duty Feb. 8, 1864.

John Andrews, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Lexington, Ky., Nov. 7, 1868.

Alexander B, Allen, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Detached for duty at Dept, Hd-
Qrs, Nov, 24, 1863,

James M, Abbott, enl, Aug, 22, 1862, Died at Stanford, Ky,, April 25, 1863,

Andrew Bauder, enl, Aug, 18, 1862.

Thomas H. Barrett, enl, July 19, 1862, Taken prisoner at Dandridge,
Tenn,, Jan. 18, 1864.

Frederick Bigler, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.

David Butler, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch, for disability Jan, 5, 1863,

Thomas Brennan, enl, Aug, 5, 1868,

Jacob Bower, enl, Aug. 11, 1868, Transf. to 19th Ohio Battery Aug, 15,
1863,

William S, Brown, enl, Aug. 22, 1863.

Patrick Campbell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.

Argalous T. Cooper, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Detached with Eng. Battalion
July 22. 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865,

Charles M, Cobb, enl, Aug, 12, 1862, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, Dec, 15, 1862.
Andrew J. Cobb, enl. Aug. 12, 1863.
James Cobb, enl. Aug. 8, 1862.
Andrew R. Elingman, enl, Aug, 8, 1862,

Isaac Carpenter, enl Aug, 4. 1863,

James Camp, enl, Aug, 15, 1862,

Joseph Colbert, enl, Aug. 15, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Feb. 27, 1863.

Addison B. Cotterell, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Taken prisoner at Dandridge

Tenn,, Jan, 18, 1864,
James DeLong, enl, Aug, 8, 1862, Transf, to Q. M, Dept. Nov. 7, 1863.
Peter Dismond, enl. Aug. 9, 1862,
John P. Dawson, enl. July 17, 1863,
Stebbins B, Ely, enl, Aug, 15, 1863,
James Freer, enl, Ang, 8, 1862,

John A, Freer, tnl, Aug, 4, 1863,

Edward L. Farr, enl. July 31, 1868.

Frederick Hinckley, enl. Aug. 33, 1863,

Don, D. Hendershott, enl. Aug. 18, 1888. ■ Transf. to Inv. Corps Nov 1

1863,
William C. Johnston, enl, July 30, 1862, Disch, for disability Jan, 8, 1863.
Allen T. Jordan, enl. Aug. 14, 1868.
James Kiely, enl. July 22, 1868,
Edward C. Kelley, enl, Aug, 16, 1862.

Hosea J. Lewis, enl. Aug. 15, 1863, Mustered out May 18, 1865,
Nicholas G. Lundeberry, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp, Transf.

to the Com, Dept. Nov, 7, 1863,
Darius Manchester, enl, Aug, 21, 1863,
Seth Mapes, enl, Aug. 11, 1862.
Jame.< M. Maple, enl. July 28, 1862.
Henry Mott, enl. Aug. 15, 1863.

Walter T, Meeker, enl, Aug, 33, 1862. Disch. for disability Deo. 25, 1863.
Albert Mollrath, enl, Aug. 6, 1868.
Robert Neville, enl. Aug. 13, 1868.
Thomas O'Connor, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.,

Jan, 18, 1864,
Jerome Percival, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. tor disability Jan. 83, 1868.
Jabez G. Puffer, enl. July 38, 1863, Promoted to Corp.
Henry Puffer, enl. Aug. 13, 1863.

John Quayle, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Left sick at Somerset July 5, 1863.
Harmon Reed, enl. Aug. 11, 1868, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.,

Jan. 18, 1864. Died at Andersonville. Ga., May 25, 1864.
Augustus Ruby, enl. Aug, 8, 1863,
Bingley Russell, enl. July 28, 1862.
Delos Shaw, enl. July -22, 1862, • Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.,

Jan. 18, 1864.
William Smith, enl. Aug, 1, 1863, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.,

Jan 18, 1864.
Henry Slater, enl. Aug. 33, 1862.
John Silburn, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp,
Daniel Smith, enl. Aug, 9, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., April 21, 1863.
Abram H. Stafford; enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Promoted to Corp.
Augustus Thiemer, enl, July 39, 1868, Died al Danville, Ky., Aug. 17,

1863,
William Thomas, enl, Aug. 15, 1862.

Frederick Towsey, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863.
Joseph P, Tucker, enl. Aug. 4, 1863.
Eli T. Wells, enl. Aug. -14, 1868.
James G. Watson, enl, Aug. 4, 1868. Promoted to Corp.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC.

135

Died at Frankfort, Ky., Feb.

Albert J. Wetherbee, enl. Aug. 15, 1868.
Freeman W. Western, enl. Aug. 15, 186

13, 1863.
Thomas Worthy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Gi: orge Weidman, enl. Aug. ai, 18B2.

George W. Simmons, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Peter Wallace, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out July 11, 1865.
George H. Weeks, enl. Aug. 11, 1862.

COMPANY F.

Constantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Co. D, Aug, 8, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut.
Co. F, Nov. 16, 1863, and to Ist Lieut. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with
the Eegt. June 12, 1865.

COMPANY a.

Moses L. M. Peixotto, enr. as Capt. July 19, 1862. Resigned Dec. 9, 1862.

Henry S. Pickand. (See Field and Staff.)

Charles D Rhodes, enr. as ad Lieut. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Dec. 9, 1862, and to Capt. May 25, 1864. Resigned April 30, 1865.
William Hali, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 15, 1562. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Not, 24, 1863, and to 1st. Lieut. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the

Reg.
Henry C. Seymour, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Dec. 9, 1862. Resigned July 29, 1863.
Sherman B. Taft, enr. as Sergt, Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Jan. 1, 1864.
William H. Wheelock, enr,.,«s Sergt. Aug. 14, 1862.
Adonijah Elliott, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 18, 1062. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in

1st U. S. Col. Heavy Art. Feb. 29, 1864.
Frank Bushman, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Dec.

9,1862.
Robert L. Heury, enr. as Corp. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan.

1, 1864.
Theodore Kemer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1864.
Lemuel T. Dennison, enr. as Corp. Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out May 11,

1865.
William D. Field, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disability May

6, 1863.
Thomas R. Babb, enr. as Corp. July 26, 1862.
William H. Leggett, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to

Vet. Res. Corps, April 1, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 19, 1865.
Nathan W. Hawkins, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Taken pris-
oner Jan. 18, 1854.
Thoipas Farmer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Delos W. Turner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Robert Woodward, enl. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. -
Peter Hatzell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp.
Moses Ackley, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
Lucius F. Alexander, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.

Richai d Armstrong, enl, Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability May 8j 1863 .
David Bacchus, enl, Aug. 6, 1862.
Matthew Bash, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
George H. Barker, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
Adam Beckley, enl. July 28, 1862.
Jacob Btrner, enl. Aug. 4, 1862.

Calvin S. Cramer, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1885.
Benj. F. Campbell, enl. Aug. 12, 1862,

Warren J. Coe, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 21, 1863.
William S. Gumming, enl. Aug. 1 1, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Lawrence T. Carroll, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
William Canty, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.
John G. De Fries, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.
Harry De Graff, enl. Aug. 15, 1862.
Daniel E. Daley, enl. Aug. 22, ;862. Died at Lexington, Ky., Nov. 10,

1862.
Charles EUsasser, enl. Aug. 12, 1862.
Jacob Gastner, enl. Aug. 18, 1862,
James Gage, enl. Aug. 21, 1862.
James Hart, enl, Aug. 30, 1862.

Ansel Jordan, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864.
Orson Jordan, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 3, 1865.
Peter Joy, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.

Charles D. Knapp, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability June 8, 1863.
Joseph King, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 22, 1862.
James E. Lamb, enl. Aug. 4. 1863,
William M, Lewis, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn,, Dec, 12,

1863, from wounds rec'd Nov. 25.
Peter Leoschot, enl. Aug. 16, 1863.
Robert Logan, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Disch. Sept. 29, 1863.
Adam Miller, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864.
John H. MoCormick, enl. Aug. 13, 1862.

Charles McGuire, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out May 13, 1865.
Peter Melia, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.
John Nicely, enl. Aug. 7, 1863.
John Nicholson, enl. Aug. 23, 1862.
James Pomeroy, enl. Aug. 16, 1862.
Levi Perrin, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
Alvin B. Rhodes, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.

Peter Ryder, enl. July 24, 1862.

John R, Reublin, enl, Aug. 15, 1862.

John Stanley, enl. July 23, 1862.

Henry Deal, enl. Aug. 21, 1862.

Frank Shrier, enl. July 28, 1862.

Reuben Smith, enl. Aug. 5, 1862.

Matthew Sands, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.

Jacob Spain, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1863,

from wounds rec'd Nov. 25.
John Spencer, enl. Aug. 20, 1863.
Peter Sullivan, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.
Jerome N. B. Stockwell, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
James TrufHer, enl. Aug. 13, 1862.
George Thorn, enl. Aug. 20, 1862.
William Thompson, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
John Urben, enl. Aug, 14, 1862.
John Penstal, enl. Aug. 3, 1862.
George Wagner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862.
Charles Witham, enl. Aug. 18, 1862.
Gedrge Witham, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
James Wilson, enl. Aug. 22, 1862
William Williams, enl. Aug. 22, 1862.
John Brennan, enl. Aug. 23, 1862.
John Jones, enl. Aug. 28. 1862.

COMPANY H.

Delbitt C. Hotchkiss, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. A July 22, 1868. Prom, tb 2d
Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. ' Transf. to Co. H July 1, 1863, and made 1st
Lieut. Reigned Jan. 9, 1864.

Frederick Ambrose, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Died April 37, 1863.

John Jarrett, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandiidge Jan. 18, 1864.

Philip Lewis, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 8, 1863.

Harrison McClay, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 23, 1864.

Joseph Mathews, enl. July 25, 1862. , Died at Frankfort, Ky., March 26,
1863.

COMPANY I.

Henry M. Stevens, enr. as Musician April 2, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg.,

Co. D, June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Thomas Allen, enl. March 12, 1864. Transf. to Co. D., 183d Reg., June

12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Henry W. Baldwin, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg.,

June 13, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Henry M. Brainard, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg.,

June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Cass-us B. Hanna, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June

18, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Almon Hawn, enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Beg., June 13

1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Charles E. Lowman, enl. March 13, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg.,

June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Albert K. Mixer, enl. March 23, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June

12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Wilfred F. Blatherwick, enl. April 5, 1864. Transf. to Co. H, 183d Reg.

July 8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
John McLaughlin, enl. March 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. H, 183d Reg., July

8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
John Ruddick, enl. May 6, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg., June 12,

1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Charles F. Stillman, enl. April 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg,, June

12, 1865, Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Christian Snyder, enl, March 13, 1864. Transf, to Co. A, 183d Reg., June

12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Alexander M. Wilson, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg.,

June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Charles E. Gratz, transf. from 5th Cav, Jan, 13, 1864. Mustered out Oct.

17, 1864.

ONE HUKDRED AND FOURTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

Daniel M. Stearns, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 37,
1862; to 1st Lieut. May 9, 1864, and to Capt. Co, F Feb. 28, 1865.

Miller Fording, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Transf. to Co, I, 183d Reg., June 22,
1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

John Henry, enl. Oct. 4, 1864, Transf. to Co. 1, 183d Reg., June 22, 1865.
Mustered out July 17, 1865.

COMPANY F,

Daniel M. Stearns, promoted from Co. A to Capt. Co. F Feb, 28, 1865.
Mustered out with the Reg, -

COMPANY H.

Daniel Boyer, enl . Feb. 5, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. G, June 15, 1S65.

Mustered out July 17, 1865.
James Howard, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. G., June 16,

1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.
Adam Rhinehart, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Transf. to 18^ Reg , Co. G, June 15,

3865. Mustered out July 17,. 1865. . • " .

136

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

C H A P T E R X X V 1 1 .

OWE HUNDBED AND SEVEKTH INFAKTKY, ETC.

When raised— Companies B and E from Cuyahoga— In Kentucky— For-
tifying Washington — Chancellorsvilie— Crushing Disaster— Heavy Loss
— Surgeon killed— Gettysburg— The First and Eleventh Corps driven
back— Loss of the One Hundred and Seventh— Early's Attack, onthe
Second of July— His repulse— Further Loss— Capture of the Flag of
the Louisiana " Tigers "—Wounded Officers— A Hundred and Eleven
Muskets left^-OfE to South Carolina— Thence to Florida— Back to South
Carolina— Skirmishes at Devaux Neck— Capturing Artillery— On Pro-
vost Duty— Mustered out and sent Home.

The One Hundred and Seventh was a German regi-
ment, raised in July and August, 18t)2, and mustered
in at Camp Taylor, (Cleveland,) on the 35th of the
latter month. Company B was entirely from Cuya-
hoga county; having a hundred and eight names on
its roll during the war. Company E was principally
from the same county; having sixty-six Cuyahoga
men in its ranks. These, with a few each in Compa-
nies A, D, F, G, H and 1, made a total of two hun-
dred and fifteen members of the One Hundred and
Seventh from this county.

The regiment moved to Coviugton, Kentucky, op-
posite Cincinnati, in the latter part of September,
but remained there only a short time. It was soon
taken to Washington, D. C, and set to building for-
tifications. Early in November it moved into Vir-
ginia, and was soon made part of the Eleventh corps,
commanded by Gen. Sigel. After several unimpor-
tant marches in Northern Virginia, and after being
encamped at Brooks' Station during the winter, the
Eleventh corps, then under Gen. Howard, marched
with Hooker to the disastrous field of Chancellorsvilie.
On that field the corps was assailed by the fiery legions
of Stonewall Jackson, its line broken and all its regi-
ments hurled back in swift retreat. The One Hun-
dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty men
taken prisoners, besides about seventy-five killed and
wounded. One of the few cases of a surgeon's being
killed in action occurred at this time; Dr. C. A.
Hartman, of Cleveland, the surgeon of the One Hun-
dred and Seventh, being the victim.

After a short rest the remainder of the regiment
marched rapidly northward to aid in driving Lee
from Pennsylvauia; reaching Gettysburg on the morn-
ing of the first of July. It was stationed on the right
of the advanced lines of the Union army, and was
speedily attacked by the enemy. As is well known,
the two advanced corps, (the First and Eleventh,)
notwithstanding some successes in the beginning,
were driven back after the death of Gen. Reynolds
through the village of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill;
taking up a position there, in the afternoon, in which
they eventually won the victory. While thus falling
back before the enemy, about two hundred and fifty
out of the five hundred and fifty men of the One
Hundred and Seventh were killed, wounded or taken
prisoners.

When the army turned to bay on Cemetery Hill,
under the leadership of Hancock and Howard, the
shattered regiment steadily maintained its position,
and lay on its'arms during the night.

On the 2d of July this regiment, with its corps and
the whole Union army, firmly held the position as-
signed to it. Just before sunset Early's command
made a desperate assault upon the Eleventh corps,
but was driven back after a furious hand-to-hand con-
flict with very heavy loss. In this charge the One Hun-
dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty more-
men killed and wounded. The celebrated Eighth
Louisian -'Tigers" assailed the position held by this
regiment, but found their masters in the sturdy Ger-
mans of northern Ohio. In the melee Adjutant Peter
F. Young, (now police judge of Cleveland) captured
the battle-flag of the "Tigers," but was himself severely
wounded. In the coui'se of the battle Lieut. Col.
Mueller was severely wounded, as were also Captain.
Steiner, (mortally) Captain Speyer, Captain Fisher,,
and several other officers. On the third day of the
battle the One Hundred and Seventh was not seriously
engaged.

When the regiment joined in the pursuit of the
rebel army, it carried but a hundred and eleven mus-
kets. With these it accompanied the forces of Gen..
Meade into Virginia, but, as is well known, nothing
was done to prevent the escape of Lee.

About the 1st of August the One Hundred and
Seventh, now somewhat stronger but still very feeble,
sailed to South Carolina. It was stationed on Folly
Island until February, 1864, though making twa
brief excursions on to other islands in the vicinity..
In the latter part of February it moved to Jackson-
ville, Florida, where it remained most of the time
until December; the monotony of camp life being un-
broken save by a few skirmishes, and by a mid-sum-
mer expedition of a month to Fernandina, in tlie same
State.

The latter part of December the regiment was taken
back by sea to Devaux Neck, in South Carolina. It
remained only a few weeks, but during that time had
several skirmishes with the enemy, in which five men
were killed and fifteen wounded. After brief service
at Pocataligo Station and other points in the vicinity,
it marched to Charleston, and thence went by boat to-
Georgetown.

On the 23d of March the regiment defeated a rebel
force at Sumterville, capturing three pieces of artill-
ery. Its last exploit was to capture and destroy a
train of cars near Singleton's Plantation, with thirteen
locomotives and a large quantity of ammunition, etc.
Soon after the surren(ier of Lee's army the regiment
returned to Charleston, where it acted as provost
guard until the 10th of July. It was then mustered
out, sent back to Cleveland and discharged.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Seraphim Meyer, enr. as Col. Sept. 16, 1862. Resigned because of physL
cal disability Feb. 8, 1864.

Charles Mueller, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. 82, 1862. Wounded at Gettys-
burg. Resigned on account of disability, Oct. 22. 186.3.

George Arnold, enr. as Capt. Co. H, 24th Inf. April 24, 1861. Promoted
to Maj. 107th Inf. Aug. 86, 1862. Resigned Aug. 23, 1863.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH INFANTRY, ETC.

137

August Vignos, enr. as Capt. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1862. Lost right arm at
Gettysburg. Promoted to Maj. Aug. 21, 1863. Res. because of disa-
bility Sept. 30, 1864.

Charles A. Hartman, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 20, 1862. Killed on duty at
Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1868.

Franz Schill, enr. as Asst. Surg. May 13, 1864. Mustered out with the
Beg. July 10, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Jacob W. Mangold, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Hosp. Steward Dec.

• 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.
Augustus Schylander, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Hosp. Steward

Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. bpcause of disability June 1, 1864.
William C. Huy, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Promoted to Chief Musician Nov. l,

1863. Mustered out with the Reg.
Henry Neytheus, enr. as Musician Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Chief

Musician Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

COMPANY 4.

Joseph MuUer, enl. Sept. 23, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 13, 1865.
Mustered out April 30, 1866.

John G. McCauley , enl. Sept. 25. 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 13, 1865,
Mustered out April 30, 1866.

Jacob Ernst, enl. Oct. 5, 1863. Disch. on account of disability at Jack-
sonville, Fla.. June 11, 1864.

Jacob W. Mangold. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)

COMPANY B.

August J. Dewaldt, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1862. Wounded at Chancel-
lorsville. Res. on account of disability March 28, 1864.

Peter F. Young, enl. as 1st Sergt. Aug., 15, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.
Nov. 15, 1862, to 1st Lieut. March 6, 1363, and to Capt. Dec. 1, 1863.
Hon. disch. Dec. 1), 1864.

Anton Millert, enl. as Sergt. Aug, 12, 1868. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Jan.

12. 1863, to 1st Lieut. Aug. 11, 1864, to Capt. March 18, 1865. Mustered
out July 10, 1865.

John H. Brinker. enl. as Corp. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1,

1863, to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Jan. 15, 1864, to Capt.
Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

J. Julius Sebastian, enl. as 1st Lieut. July 30, 1862. Resigned on account

of disability March 8, 1863.
Gerhard H. Albers, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 12, 1863,

to Sergt. Jan 1, 186 ', to 1st. Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Nov. .3,

1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Conrad Deubel, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 26, 1862, to
1st Sergt. Sept. 1, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out
July 10, 1865.

Christian Schreiner, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. Sept.

9, 1862, to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 14, 1868, to 1st Lieut. Feb. 28, 1863. Res.
Dec. 10, 1863.

John Mohr, enr. as 2nd Lieut. July 25, 1862. Res. Nov. 16, 1862.

Jacob Windelspecht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14, 1862. Prom, to Sergt. Jan.

1. 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Thomas A. Griffln, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1868. Prom, to 1st Sergt. Nov.

81. 1864. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Mustered out July

10, 1865.

Peter Kramer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1868. Prom, to Sergt. July 1, 1863.
Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Fridolin Hirz, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Prom, to Corp. June 1, 1863, and Sergt.
Nov. 21, 1861. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

WilUara F. Fathaner, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 1863, and
Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dec. 89, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 10, 1865.

Charles F. Bruggemeier, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 18,
1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Augustin Penser, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 10, 1865.

John Rothermel, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Prom, to Corp. May 1, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 10, 1865.

Daniel Seachrist, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Prom to Corp. May 1, 1864. Mus-
tered ont July 10, 1865.

Andrew Lieber, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 10, 1865.

Emil Zeidler, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered
out July 10, 1865.

Edward Weiss, enl. Aug. 7, 1868. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 15, 1865. Mustered
out July 10, 1865.

Conrad F. Hornung, enr. as Musician Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with
the Beg.

John Albert, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1,
1863. Rejoined the Co. Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 13, 1866.

Meleheor Amsler, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville May
2, 1863.

Henry AlthoiT, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Gottlieb Brown, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. Mustered out July 13, 1865.

Jacob Bless, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Charles Bohn, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.
Martin Diehlman, enl-.=;Aug. 12. 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Henry Eichler, enl. Aug, 5, 1862. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dec. 29,

1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Jacob Furst, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Andre Hug, enl. Aug 9, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Converse J. HiU, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Mathias Hildebrand, enl. Aug 13, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
John H. Hill, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out July, 1875.
Jean Hodel, enl Sept. 9. 1S62. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
.John Hemmei ling, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 18,1863. Mustered out July 10'

1865.
Henry Henshen, Aug. enl. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July

1, 1863 Rejoined the Co. Oct. 30, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Valentine Kissel, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Peter Koch. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1-63.
Michael Kirchner, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
William F. Krug, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Missing since battle of Chancellors-
ville, May 2, 186J.
Lewis Watson, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Jobst H. Mueller, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Missing since Gettysburg.
Henry Splate. enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
August H. Stohlman, enl. Aug. 22. 1868. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
John H. Stiegelweier, enl. Aug. S3, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
John Stahl, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered ont with the Reg.
Augustin Selig, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Henry Stehr. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
John Schneider, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Frederick Fitzemeier, enl. Aug. 33, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Philip G. Vosselmann, enl. Aug. 31, 1868. Mu=itered out July 10. 1865.
Lewis H. Weisenborn, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.
Peter Weber, enl. Aug. 18, 1863; Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Henry Wacker, enl. Aug. 80, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.
Conrad Weiss, enl. Aug. 83, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865.
Lewis Able, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. on account of disability

March 11, 1863.
Peter Hoffman, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. Promoted to Corp, April 1 , 1862. Dis-
charged because of wounds received at Gettysburg. .July 2, 1863.
Adam Bradenstein, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability May 15, 1836.
Saul Demoline, enl. Aug. 8 , 1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 4, 1863.
Christopher Goetz, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Disch. for disability July 33, 1863,
Martin Holzhauer, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1863.
Joseph Kol, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Disch. for disability March 18, 1863.
Frank Lang, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1864.
John Law, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability April 27, 1863.
Gustav Priefer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability June 10, 1864.

Wounded at Gettysburg, 'July 1, 1863.
Frederick Rok, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability July 24, 1863.
Leonhart Reinhart, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability March 18,

1863.
Gerhart H. Schreiber, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Disch. for disability June 15,

1865.
Frederick H. Toensing, enl. Aug 83, 1862. Lost a leg at Gettysburg, July

1st, and was disch. in consequence July 15, 1863.
Abraham C. Langacre, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability June 25,

1885.
Joseph Livingston, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out July 13, 1865.
Henry Young, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 16, 1S62. Wounded at Gettysburg

July 1, 1863. Was transf. March 7, 1864 to the Invalid Corps.
John W. Joven, enr. as Musician March 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf.

July 2, 1665. Mustered out 30th April, 1866.
Stephen Alge, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1863. Transf.

to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865. Disch. at expiration of term Oct. 9, 1865.
John Fry, enl. Aug. i, 1868. Mustered out July 18, 1865.
Gustav A. Augspurger, enl . Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to 2Sth Inf. July 3,

1865. Disch. at end of term Oct. 9, 1865.
Patrick Calahan, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865.

Mustered tut April 30, 1866.
Alois Daul, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Transf. Marc h 15, 1864, to Invalid Corps

Mustered out J une 26, 1865.
Patrick Dillon, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 8, 1865. Disch

Feb. 24, 1866.
Ernst H. Fathauer, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1.

1863. Trans. Jan. 10, 1865, to Invalid Corps. Mustered out June 17.

1865.
Gabriel Fertig, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus

tered out Aug. 1, 1865.
Henry Fight, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Transf. to 86th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus.

tered out April 30, 1866.
James Goudy, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out April 30, 1866.
Andrew Ganter, enl. Aug. 1, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out April 30, 1866.
Peter Hirz, enl. Dec. 81, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered

out Aug. 36, 1865.
Anton Hillerick, enl. Nov. 31, 1863. Transf. to 33th Inf. July 2, 1865.

Disch. Nov. 4, 1863.

138

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUKTY.

Joliii H. Horst, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to SSth inf. July S, 18C5. Disch.

Nov. 4, 1865.
Witliam C. Huy. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
William Lauchly, enl. Deo. 13, 1863. Transf. to -iWh Inf. July 8, 1865.

Mustered out April 30, 1866.
Michael Maloney, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to asth Inf. July 3, 1865.

Died at Chester, S. C, Oct. 12, 1865.
John McCormick, enl. Nov. 29, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865.

Mustered out April 80, 1886.
George Mueller, enl. March 15, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865,

Mustered out April 30, 1866.
Christoph Mario, enl. Deo. 30, 1863. Transf. to 26th Inf. July 3, 1865,

Died Aug. 3, 1865.
William Pluss, enl, Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out Aug. 1, 1865.
Samuel Pflster, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out April 30, 1866.
William Pendleton, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865.

Mustered out April 30, 1866.
James Pendleton, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865.

Disch. Nov. 11, 1845.
Frederick Prasse, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out Aug. 4, 1865.
Henry Rasp, enl. Oct. IT, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 26, 1863.

Mustered out Aug. 2, 1865.
Frank Rothermel, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg. Transf.

to Invalid Corps March 14, 1864.
Frederick W. SchafEer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg July

1, 1863.- Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan 10, 1865.
John Schaab, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch,

at end of term Oct. 20, 1865.
John Schmehl, enl. Sep:. 30, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 2, 1865,

Disch. Sept. 30, 1865.
Gottlieb Schwartz, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865,

Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865.
Julius Sohoeneweg, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Transf. to 35th Int. July 3, 1865.

Mustered out 30th April, 1866.
John Traxel, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 3, 1865. Mua-

tei ed out 30th April, 1866.
Christian Wanger, enl. Dec. 39, 1863. Transf. to 85th Inf. July 3, 1865,

Mustered out 30th April, 1866.
John Wanger, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 2.5th Inf. July 8, 1866. Mus

tered out .30th April, 1866.
Hermann Wehagen, enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865.

Mustered out 30th April, 1866.
Frederick W. Weber, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville.

Transf. to Invahd Corps March 15, 1864.
Matthias Fry, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 17, 1862. Died July 18, 1863 of wounds

received at Gettysburg July 1st.
Frank H. Prasse, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 28, 1862.

Killed at Chancellorsville May 2, 1863.
John Lerr, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Killed at Devaux Neck Dec. 29, 1864.
William H. Heiss, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1,

1863. Died of typhoid fever Aug. 23, 1863.
John Jacob, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Died in hospital at Cincinnati, April 32,

18'- 3.
Frederick Kroll, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, and

died in prison at Richmond, Va., Nov. 3, 1863.
Christoph Eiehm, enl. Aug. 23. 1862. Died at Folly Island, S. C, Sept.

18, 1863.
Matthias Wokaty, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July

1, 1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., April 3, 1864.
Christian Rebman, enl. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Missing from May 2, 1863.

COMPANY D.

John T. Lohn, enl. Aug. 33, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1,
1863.

COMPAKY E.

Otto Weber, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Prom, to Capt. Dec. 32, 1862.

Resigned on account of disability March 6, 1863. Re-commissioned

as Capt. April 3. 1863, and mustered out with the Reg.
John M. Lutz, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 28, 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Oct. 13,

1862, and to Capt. May 1, 1863. Resigned on account of disability

Aug. 30, 1864.
John J. Houck, enl. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut, Aug. 11,

1864. Mustered out with the Reg. 10th July, 1865.
•George Kunz. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862; to Sergt.

Nov. 1, 1863; and to 1st Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with Reg.
Phaip Geist, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862, and to

Sergt. Dec. 16, 1862 Mustered out with the Reg.
Henry Deuble, enl. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1^63. Prom, to Sergt. Aug. 34, 1864.

Mustered out with the Reg.
John A. Feuerstein, enl. as Corp. Aug 13, 1863. Prom, to Sergt. Sept. 3,

1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Sigmund Rosenfeld, enl. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.
John Fenz, erd. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

John Buechler, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 18^ 186.3. Wounded
at Gettysburg July 1,1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Joseph Rothgesy, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Prom, to Corporal Feb. 19, 1863.
Mustered out with the Reg. , . ,, .v, o

John B Allen, enl. as Corp. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

John Busick, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Keg.

Charles Buettner, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Henry Froehlick, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Henry Feldkamp enr. as Sergt. Aug. 14, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.

Jacob Jucker, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Adam Kleinsmidt, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Ernst Loock, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Missing from Gettysburg, July 1, 186-1

Henry Ruhl, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Emil Umlauft, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 3, 1862. Mustered out with the

Reff

Jacob Weislogel, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Philip Zenger, enl. Aug. 32, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10,

John Schrink, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1863. Resigned because of disabU-
ity Nov. 30, 1868. ,. ^ . ,^„,

Christian Greenwald, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Disch. for disability Jan o 1863.
Marx Haberer, enl. Aug. 32, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 2d, 1863.
Louis Ras, enl. Aug. 30, 1853. Disch. for disability Nov. 29, 1863.
Ferdinand Schrink, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Deo. 16,

John Sanders, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Disch. for disability July 16, 1863.

Frederick Timm. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability March 12, 1863.

Carl Beyerly, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 19, 1863.

PhiUp Schwartz, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Mustered out July 8, 1865.

John Brown, enl. Jan. 37, 1884. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out Nov. 7, 1865.

Piatt Benjamin, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out Nov. 7, 1865.

John Crane, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Transf. to 85th Int. July 2, 1865. Promoted
to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Reported sick in Hospital March 1, 1866.

Jocob Danzer, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 30,
1868.

George Ellsworth, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Transf. to 2Sth Inf. July 3, 1865.
Mustered April 80, 1866.

Christian Gobel, enl. Sept. 3D, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1,
1863. Mustered out June 28, 1865.

George Hugill, enl. AprU 6, 1864. Transf. to 3Dth Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 26, 1865.

Henry Hoffman, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps July 37,

1863. Mustered out June 86, 1865.

Jacob Hanri, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 33, 1864.
Jacob Luder, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 16,

1864.
John Mueller, enl. Aug. 31, 1868. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 15,

1864. Mustered out June 89, 1865.

George Ody. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1866. Mus-
tered out Nov. 7, 1866.

Joseph Sheppard, enl. Oct. 16, 1862.

Clans Verseman, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Transl. to Vet. Res. Corps March
31, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

Gotf ried Weidenkopf , enl. Oct. 16, 1868. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 3, 1865,
Mustered out Oct. 15, 1865.

John Zahn, enl. Aug. 88, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 16,
1864.

Christian Faifel, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 14, 1862. Died July 18, 1863, from
' wounds received at Gettysburg, July 1.

Jacob Hof, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died July 4, 1863 from wounds rec'd at
Gettysburg.

John A. Lamly, enl. Aug. 2, 1862J Died at Brook's Station, Va., May 19,
1863.

Anton Martin, enl. Aug. 82, 1863. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863.

Martin Schmidt, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Died at Spafford C. H., Va., Jan. 34,
1863.

Jacob Snyder, enl. Aug. 19, 1882. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863.

Henry B.inkman, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Andrew Gaul, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Jacob Kaspars, enl.Aug. 33, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

lliles Mullen, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865.

John A. Beltz, enl. Aug. 31, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 25, 1863.

Michael Tolman, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability July 24, 1863.

John Oswalt, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865.

Williaui Peter, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

Henry L. Norris, enl. Aug, 33, 1868. Disch. for disabiUty June 10, 1804.

Jacob Nau, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Disch. for disability April 18, 1863.

Frank Ruppender, enl. Aug. 5, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Feb. 19, 1863.
and to Sergt. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865.

Jacob Bash, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corporal January 18, 1863.
Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Michael Frank, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Jacob Halfalder, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

John Puohola, enl. Aug. 15. 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

139

Martin Ruppender, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Mustered out with the Keg,
Christian Link, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, Disch. because of physical disability

March 19, 1863.
Albert Mueller, enl. .\ug. 16, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps March 15,

1864.
Henry Waichenand, enl. July 31, 1862. Transf, to Ver. Ees. Corps Sept.

1, 1863,

Charles Jones, enl. Jan, 29, 1864. Transf . to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out 30th April, 1866.

COMPANY P,

John G. Fott, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out 10th July, 1865.
Matthias Wagner, enl, Aug, 22, 1862. Mustered out 10th July. 1865.
Klaus Diensti enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Transf, to a5th Inf, July 2, 1865. 1 isoh.

at end of term Jan. 13, 1866.
Henry Neytheus. (See Non-com. Staff.)
William F. Emmert, enl. Aug 14, 1862. Disch, for disability Aug. 25,

1863. Be-enlisted and promoted to Corp. Aug. 24, 1864. Mustered

out with the Reg. July 10, 1865.
Peter Schoiles, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out March 17, 1865,
William Paol, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.
Henry Bechtel, enl. Sept, 13, 1862, Killed at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.
Christian Berger, enl. Aug. 14, 1872. Died at Folly Island, Oct. 8, 1!;63.]
Christian Meier, enl. Sept, 10, 1862. Died in Hospital at Charleston, S, C,

April 19, 1865.

COMPANY ».

John Bahl, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Talcen prisoner at Gettysburg.

George Rahrig, enl. Sept, 9, 1862, Wounded at Chancellorsville, May 2,

1863.
Rudolph H, SchlmpfE, enl. Sept. 9, 1862, Disch. because of disability

Nov. 2, 1864.
Charles Wimar, enr. Sergt, Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863.
" Thomas Walter, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps Jan, 5,

1864.
George Herrick, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, Transf, to Vet. Res. Co-.ps, Aug, 23,

1868,
Reinhard Creeger, enl. Aug, 20, 1862. Captured at Chancellorsville May

2, 1863.

Gottfried Zisky. enl. Aug. 12, 1862, Disch, for disability July 23, 1863,
Edward Johnson, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf, July 2, 1865,

Mustered out April 30, 1866,
Charles Lynes, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf, to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865,

Disch. Nov. 15, 1865.
Joseph Juchern, enl, Oct. 29, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863,

COMPANY H.

August Vignos. (See Field and Staff.)
Augustus Schylander. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

Theodore Baldinger, enr, as Musician March 26, 1864. Transf, to 25th
Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. tor disability Aug. 1, 1865.

COMPANY I

Louis Sehoeneweg, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. Aug, 18, 1863, on account of
disability. Re-enlisted in Co. B as priv. Deo, 24, 1863, Promoted to
Corp. Jan. 15. 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865,

Gottlieb Muntz, enl, Oct, 2, 1862, Transf. to 25th Inf. June 2, 1865. Disch.
Oct. 2, 1865.

John Schorr, enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Transf, to 25th Inf, June 2, 1865, Disch.
Nov. 1, 1865.

Gottlieb Aff older, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, Wounded at Chancellorsville, Va.,
May 2, 1863. Mustered out June, 1865.

Gordian Speck, enl. Aug. 5, 1862, Promoted to Corp. April 18, 1863.
Mustered out July 10, 1865.

Richard Feederie, enr. as Capt. Sept. 6, 1862, Res, May 12, 1863,

Robert Dietzold, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus-
tered out Nov. 7, 1865.

John Ley, enl. Oct, 11, 1862. Transf, to 26th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered
out Aug, 2, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY.

This regiment had but thirteen members from Cuy-
ahoga county. It served from the autumn of 1863 to
the summer of 1865, in Kentucky and Tennessee,
being divided into detachments, some of which were
employed to garrison block-houses, while others were
mounted and sent to chase guerrillas. The rebels
several times attacked the block-houses garrisoned
by the One Hundred and Fifteenth; capturing them
about half the time, and being defeated the other
half. A battalion of this regiment was at Murfrees-

boro when it was attacked by Gen. Buford, in De-
cember, 1864, and aided in utterly defeating the
rebels. Eighty-three paroled prisoners of the regi-
ment lost their lives by the explosion of the steamer
Sultana, on the Mississippi, near Memphis. Dis-
banded in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY 0.

Orin A, Bishop, enl, Feb, 13, 1865. Transf. to Co, C, 188th Reg, June 27,

1865,
Harmon H. Bliss, enl, Feb, 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June

27, 1865, Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.
Francis W. Bliss, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188fch Reg. June

27, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865.
Jeremiah H. Cranmer, enl. Feb. 13, 1865, Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg.

June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.
Barney Conley, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 15, 1864.
Abraham Truby, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1861.
John Wilkins, enl. Feb. IB, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27,

1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.
James L. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864, Mus-
tered out May 20, 1865,
Washington Moon, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864.

Mustered out May 20, 1866.
James C. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864, Lost on

the Sultana April 27, 1865,
John Fitzwater, enl, Feb. 26, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Died in

prison at Meredian, Miss., Jan. 1, 1865.
Christopher Maley. enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Lost

on the Sultana April 27, 1885,

COMPANY G.

Albert A. Herkner, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Transf, to Co. G, 188th Reg. Feb.

6, 1865. Mustered out Sept 21, 1865,
William Peat, enl, March 8, 1864,

CHAPTER XXVIII.

ONE HUNDBBL) AND T WE WT Y-FOTIKTH INF ANTRT.

One of the Largest Three-Years Contingents from Cuyahoga — Number
in the Regiment and in the Companies— Slow Recruiting— The Field
Officers— Stationed at Franklin— A Dangerous Reoonnoisance— The
Unionists defeated— The Regiment saves the Artillery, etc.— Sickness-
Moving to Manchester— Over the Mountains— The Beginning of Chick-
amauga-^Furious Firing-— Steadiness of the One Hundred and Twenty-
fourth— Change of Position— The Front Line gives way— Slowly falling
back — The Next Day — Building Breastworks— Repelling the Enemy —
Helping Harker— The Rebels again Repulsed— General Defeat of Rose-
crans' Army— The Retreat— Loss of this Regiment — The Capture of
Racoon Mountain— The Advance- Attacking Mission Ridge— Captur-
ing the First Works - Up the Mountain— Complete Victory — Seven
Cannon captured— The Regiment's Loss— Relieving Knoxville— Hard-
ships of the Winter— The Atlanta Campaign— Rocky Face Ridge and
New Hope Church— Col. Payne a Brigade Commander— Siege and
Capture of Atlanta-^Atter Hood— Battle of Nashville— Subsequent
Services — Mustered out and disbanded.

One of the largest contingents furnished by Cuya-
hoga county to any three-years regiment was that
which entered the ranks of the One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. The total number dur-
ing the war was four hundred and eighty-eight; of
whom a hundred and ten were in Co. A; three in Co.
B; eighty in C; twenty-five in D ; thirty-three in E;
sixty-eight in F ; twenty-one in G ; seventy-four in
H ; six in I ; and sixty-two in K. There were also
seven in the field and staff, on the original roster, be-
sides those subsequently transferred from the com-
panies. Thus it will be seen that Cuyahoga was rep-
resented in evei'y company; even in Co. I, which was

140

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

raised in Cincinnati. All the other companies were
recruited in northern Ohio.

Owing to the immense drain already made on the
county, the raising of the regiment was a slow and
arduous task; having been begun in July, 1862, and
being hardly completed on the first day of January,
1863, when the command marched into Cleveland
from its rendezvous at Camp Taylor and took the
cars for Kentucky. Its field officers were Oliver H.
Payne, colonel ; James Pickands, lieutnant-colonel ;
and James B. Hampson, (previously a captain in the
First Infantry,) major.

It had but seven hundred and fifty men when it left
Cleveland, but the addition of the Cincinnati com-
pany brought it up to the minimum regimental size.
After a short stay at Elizabethtown and Louisville,
Ky., the regiment went by steamer down the Ohio
and up the Cumberland to Nashville. Thence it
marched to Eranklin, Tennessee, which place was the
headquarters of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth,
until the following June. On the 5th of March
the regiment as a part of a temporary brigade com-
manded by General Oolburn, while on a reconnoisance
to the southward, was met by a heavy force of the
enemy and a hard battle of two hours length ensued,
in which the Union forces were badly defeated. The
One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was ordered to
guard the ammunition train, and did so with great
fidelity, but, on that account, was not engaged in the
main part of the fight. Although General Colburn
and more than half his men were captured, the One
Hundred and Twenty-fourth succeeded in saving not
only the train but the artillery.

During the remainder of its stay at Franklin the
regiment suffered severely from sickness, but never-
theless made great progress in its drill, and also aided
in building several important fortifications. On the
3nd of June it moved forward, and after a mouth's
marching and countermarching went into camp at
Manchester, Tennessee. At Readyville, just previous
to this, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was
assigned to Gen. Hazen's celebrated brigade, the for-
tunes of which it afterwards shared. The regiment,
being in a rich agricultural country, lived well while
at Manchester, recovered its health, and at the same
time maintained a high standard of military efficiency.
On the 16th of August the One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth moved forward with Rosecrans' ami}',
crossed the Cumberland mountains, rested a fortnight
in the Sequatchie valley, forded the Tennessee river
on the night of the 9th of September, and the next
day camped at Lee & Gordon's mills. After another
week of waiting and reconnoitering, on the morning
of the 19th of September the battle of Chickamauga
begun.

While the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was
standing to arms on the State road, heavy firing was
heard on the left front. At eleven o'clock the regi-
ment took ground to the left and then advanced
toward the enemy. In a short time the rebel bullets

began to whistle over the heads of the soldiers. The
regiment immediately deployed into line of battle
with great coolness, although every instant the rebel
fire increased, becoming murderous by the time the
line was completed, and although this was the first
time the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth had been
seriously engaged.

The battle now raged with deadly energy. The
regiment which is the subject of this chapter stood
up to its work as steadily as the best-seasoned veterans
of the army, and for houi's returned the rebel fire
with volley for volley, until all its ammunition was
expended and it was relieved for the purpose of
allowing the men to replenish their cartridge-boxes.
This being done, they again advanced and directed
their fire against the enemy.

After another period of furious fighting, the regi-
ment was placed on the left of the brigade, in the sec-
ond line. Scarcely was this done when the front line
gave way for a long distance, and a crowd of de-
moralized men came rushing back through the ranks
of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, followed by
the exultant confederates, who made tlie welkin ring
with the well-known "rebel yell."' Yet the regiment
still stood firm, and returned their fire with deadly
aim; being aided by two batteries on its left. On
its right, however, the second line had also given
way, and the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was
also obliged to retire. It did so, however, slowly and
in good order, delivering volley after volley, and com-
pelling the rebels to halt and reform their lines; thus
giving to the Unionists time to rally, and in fact per-
manently checking the Confederate advance at that
point.

Just at dark heavy firing war again heard on the
left, and the regiment moved in that direction. But
the darkness soon put a stop to the battle, and the
wearied men of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
lay down to rest with their arms by their sides, only
a short distance from the front of one of the rebel
divisions.

The next morning the men were up at dawn, and
immediately improvised a breastwork of logs and rails,
from behind which to check the foe. The latter soon
appeared, and again the battle began. The rebels
came rushing on with all their well-known impetuos-
ity; striving with desperate energy to carry the breast-
work and to capture a battery which was stationed on
the right of the One .Hundred and Twenty-fourth.
But the grape and canister of the battery and the
bullets of the regiment were too much for even the
fiery valor of the Southern legions, and again, and
again they were driven back with terrible loss from
the slight but well-manned rampart of logs and rails.
About three o'clock in the afternoon they gave up
the task and retired.

The regiment was then moved to the right in sup-
port of Harker's brigade, and was soon in front of
the enemy. He was crowding hard upon the brigade
just mentioned but an accurate and sustained fire

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

141

from the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth soon
caused' him to retire. The same result followed
when he appeared on the right; the regiment chang-
ing front and pouring in its vollies with deadly effect.
But it was now nearly dark, and the battle as a
whole had been extremely disastrous to the national
arms. Many regiments were entirely broken up, and
both Crittenden's and McGook's corps were so badly
shattered that a retreat was deemed absolutely ne-
cessary. Accordingly, after dark, the One Hundred
and Twenty-fourth with numerous other regiments
took the road to Rossville; lying in line of battle at
that point during the night. The next day it was in
line under artillery fire, covering the withdrawal of
the trains. It again retreated at night, and on the
next day — the 22d of September — encamped with the
rest of the army at Chattanooga. The entire loss of the
already thin regiment, in killed, wounded and miss-
ing, during the battle, was one hundred and forty;
the commander, Colonel Payne, bemg among the
wounded.

At Chattanooga, the army was on half rations fdr
a short time, but was relieved on the appearance of
Grant, Sherman and Hooker, with large reinforce-
ments from Vicksburg and the East, when communi-
cation was opened with the north.

The regiment took part, on the night of the 26th
of October, in the important movement of Hazen's
brigade which enabled Hooker to reach Chattanooga.
The command slipped quietly down the Tennessee
past the rebel sentries, landed, and in spite of the
heavy fire opened upon it as soon as it was discovered,
rushed up the acclivity and took possession of
Racoon mountain, a short distance below Lookout.
A pontoon bridge was quickly built over the river —
notwithstanding several vigorous but fruitless attacks
of the enemy made in the effort to prevent it — on
which Hooker's two corps crossed, and passed on to
Chattaooga.

After returning to Chattanooga and lying there
nearly another month, the One Hundred and Twenty-
fourth advanced in the front line of battle on the
33d of November, and aided in capturing the range
of hills lying in front of Mission Ridge driving away
the enemy, taking possession of his works, and imme-
diately throwing up fortifications facing the other
way, toward the frowning heights of Mission Ridge,
from whieh the men were annoyed, but not much
retarded, by a heavy fire of artillery.

Hooker's battle of Lookout Mountain occupied the
next day, but on the afternoon of the 25th the whole
army advanced, at the signal of six cannon shots
fired in rapid succession, and moved swiftly toward
the great rebel stronghold of Mission Ridge, one of
the strongest positions in the world by nature, and
fortified by Bragg's army through months of labor.
The advanced works of the Confederates were situ-
ated at the foot of the ridge. In front of the One
Hundred and Twenty-fourth there was an open field,
over a third of a mile wide, which was swept by the

fire of the enemy. The regiment pushed rapidly for-
ward over this space, firing as it advanced, and soon
had the satisfaction of seeing some of the rebels re-
treat up the mountain. The men rushed forward
with a cheer, captured the works in an instant, and
at once opened a heavy fire on the retreating Confed-
erates. The latter, howevei- — those of them who
did not fall before the Union bullets — soon reached
the shelter of the works on the top. of the ridge,
and the occupants of the latter soon opened a mur-
derous artillery fire on the position of the One Hun-
dred and Twenty-fourth.

The situation was precarious. The commander of
the regiment did riot understand his orders to reach
beyond the capture of the works at the foot of the
ridge. But the men did not feel like lying there un-
der fire long, and in a very short time officers and
soldiers by a unanimous impulse raised a shout and
began scrambling up the mountain. C innon balls,
grape, canister and rifle bullets came tearing amongst
them, but on they went, cheered by the sight of their
comrades on either side engaged in the same task, and
in a short time the whole long but irregular line
reached the top of the ridge, dashed forward against
the rebel breastworks, carried them with scarcely a
moment's pause, and turned the cannon which had
defended them against their late possessors. Seven
pieces of artillery were the pi-ize of the One Hundred
and Twenty-fourth Ohio.

Twenty-three men were killed in the charge and
only four wounded. This was a remarkable reversal
of the usual results, as there were generally four
times as many wounded as killed. It was probably
due to the fact that the rebels, stationed on the moun-
tain, generally shot over their opponents, but when
they did hit them hit their heads or the upper parts
of their bodies, inflicting fatal injuries. ^

Only five days afterwards the regiment set out to
relieve Knoxville. Longstreet, however, abandoned
the seige before the relieving army could arrive. The
One Hundred and Twenty-fourth remained in East
Tennessee during the winter of 1863-4, suffering the
numerous hardships which have made that winter
memorable to so many Union soldiers.

In May, 1864, the regiment set forth on the Atlanta
campaign. It was warmly engaged at Rocky Face
Ridge, suffering severely in a charge against the en-
emy's inti'enchments, as it did also at New Hope
Church, where Lieutenant Colonel Pickands was
badly wounded. At Pickett's Mills Major James B.
Hampson was killed while serving on the staff of
General Wood, the commander of the division.

About the 1st of July General W. B. Hazen, to
whose brigade the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
still belonged, was promoted to the command of a
division, and Colonel Payne took his place as brigade
commander. With its comrade regiments the regi-
ment took part in the siege of Atlanta, and the flank-
ing movement to Jonesborough which compelled the
surrender of the former place. With them, also.

18 a

142

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

it marched northward, at first in the rear of Hood
and then passing by him, as described in the sketch of
the Forty-first Infantry, and reaching Nashville the
last of November, 1864.

On the 15th of December it moved forward with
Thomas' army to attack Hood, and on the following
day took an active part m the decisive battle of Nash-
ville, which resulted in one of the most complete vic-
tories won by the Union arms.

After following Hood to Huntsville and remaining
there several months, the regiment was sent to East
Tennessee. Thence after another uneventful period
it was ordered to Nashville, where it was mustered
but on the 9th of July. It was immediately sent
home to Cleveland, paid off and disbanded.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUKTT.

FIELD AND STAFF,

Oliver H, Payne, enr. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to Col,
Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Oct. 25, 1864.

James Pickands, enr. as Major Oct. 25, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col.
Jan. 1, 18&S. Mustered out July 9, 1865.

James B. Hampson, enr. as Major Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Pick-
ett's Mills May 37. 1864.

William Treat, enr. as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. S.,
to 2d Lieut. June 1", 1863, and to 1st Lieut, and Reg. Q. M. Jan. 1,
1864. Mustered out with Co. June 12, 1865.

Deviitt C. Patterson, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 22, 1882. Promoted to
Surg. May 3, 1863. Mustered out July 9, 1865.

James W. Smith, enr. as Surg. Aug. 20, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863.

SethD'. Bowker, enr. as Chaplain Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 9, 1863.

Albert Lewis, enr. as R. Q. M. Dec. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 3, 1863.

NOX-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

.Charles C. Leonard, enr. as Corp. Co. A Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Q.

M. Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 186.5.
William A. Reed, enl. Co. A. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt-

Oct. 1. 1863. Mustered out July 9, 1865.
Charles D. Collins, enr. Corp. Co. H Oct. 7. 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

and to Com. Sergt. June 9, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1,^65.
James Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. H Sept. 16, 1862. Promoted to Com.

Sergt. Dec. I, 1863.
Peter R. Granel, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. App. Hosp. Steward Nov. 19. 1862.

Mustered out July 19. 1865.
Eugene L. Stryker, enr. as Musician Aug. 8, 1862. Trans, to Staff as

Prin. Musician July 1, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865.
George Foster, enr. as Musician Aug. 14, 1862. Appointed Prin. Musi.

cian July 30, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865.
Clark A. Fish, enr. as Musician Feb. 28, 1864. Promoted to Chief Musi-
cian Junel, 1865. Mustered out July 9. 1865.

William Wilson, enr. as Capt. July 25, 1862. Resigned Feb. 18, 1865.
Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. F July 26, 1802. Promoted to 2d

Lieut. Co. G May 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Sept. 18, 1864, and to Capt.

Co. A Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out June 9, 1865.
Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. July 26, 1862. [See Co. D.]
Alexander C. Caskey, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with to Co. July 9, 1865.
George Doubleday, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 26, 1862. Resigned June 13, 1863.
Charles D. Hammer, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Co. G May 23, 1863.
Andrew O'Brien, enl. Nov. 18, 1863. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May

27, 1864.
William O. Finney, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Died at Clinton Cross-roads Feb

1, 1864.
Thomas Maskall, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Died at Nashville June 27, 1864.
Jacob Segmeier, enl. Oct. 20, lo62. Died at Manchester, Tenn., July 31

1863.
Edward Sweeney, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct

85, 1864.
William Barberic, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Disch. Aug. 8, 1864.
Samuel Carpenter, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. Aug. 89, 1864, on account of

wounds.
John C. Durian, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch.

Samuel Bates, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Nicholas Ex, enl, Oct. 2S, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mustered

out with the Co.

William Huddeu, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. ^

Richard Hudson, enl. Nov. 5, 186-3. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

William Jewett. enl. Nov. 22, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

John McGurk, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Dars Offolder, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Nashville June 1, 1865.

John Sweeney, enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Arthur Webster, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. July 9, 1865.

Thomas Stevenson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the
Co. June 9, 1865.

William Schubert, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1864,
and to Sergt. June 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

William Empson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Par-
oled May 23, 1865. Mustered out June 23, 1865.

Isaac H. Gould, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Herbert T. Green, enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Jonn W. Gould, enl. Aug. 18. 1862. Died in Andersonville prison Sept.
12, 1864.

Elijah Trow, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 9, 1863.

Edwin A. Kent, enl. Aug. 12, 1868. Disch.

William H. Clague, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps
Aug. 15, 1864.

Thomas Cowley, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps Aug. 15, 1864.

Samuel H. Quayle, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

Eugene L. Stryker. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

George E. Goodrich, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1868. Transf . to Vet. Res.
Corps. Nov. 21, 1864.

Charles C. Leonard. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

George W Wing, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Died
Oct. 1, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19.

Thomas Gifford, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills May 87, 1884.

George F. Parsons, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Coip. Killed at
Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864.

Edward G. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at
Nashville Aug. 6. 1864, from wounds rec'd in action.

John H. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at at Franklin, Tenn., March
10, 1863.

Adelbert L. V- ing, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June
9, 1865.

Richard Wykes, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Elisha M. Holden, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 15,
1864. Mustered out May 15, 1865.

Adrian C. Stone, enl. -iug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1864.
Mustered out with the Co.

Stephen P. Wing, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Died at Middleburg, 0., Jan. 6,
1865.

Frederick J. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Transf. to U. S. Col. Troops
and promoted to Lieut

Orlando H. Church, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. from Hosp.

George H. Foster, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. because of
wounds.

Isaac Hardy, enl . Aug. 6, 1862. Disch . May 18, 1865, for disability caused
by wounds

William Treat. (See Field and Staff.)

Oliver E. Ellsworth, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 10, 1863,
and to Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John E. Duncan, enl. July 27, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864,
Mustered out with the Co.

Zera Ellsworth, enl. July 30, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1864
Mustered out with the Co.

Franklin Fuller, enl. July 31, 1863 Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865.
Mustei-ed out with the Co.

John P. Lamb, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 30, 1863.

William H. Selover, enr. as Sergt. July 31, 1863. Died Sept. 25, 1863,
from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga.

Elam A. Smith, enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed
at Pickett's Mills, Ga. , May 27, 1864.

Edwin N. Gates, enl. Aug. 3 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19,
1863. Musteredout June 12, 1865.

David Z. Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Ct.

William F. Losey, enl. July 27, 1863. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863.

Henry Schnerrer, enl. Ang. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863.

Willis Cornwall, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864.

Henrv Kenfleld, enl. Aug. 9, 1868. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 1%
1863.

John Litchfield, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov.

35, 1863.
Adam Sipe, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863.
Benjamin Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Died at Nashville Aug. 13, 1864.
Hiram Thompson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov.

1663,
David Yost, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April 11, 1863.
Edward Brainard, enl. Aug. 14. 1863. Disch. Sept. 13, 1864.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

143

George J. Duncan, enl. July 27, 1868. Diseh. July 13, 1863.
George H. GateS) t^nl. Aug. 14, 186'j. Disch. at Manchester, Tenn.
Christian Lingler, en!. Aug. 3, 1863, Disch. May 11, 1865.
Theodore A. Selover, enl. July 27, 1862. Disch. Feb. 10^ 1863.
Henry B. Wallace, enl. Aug. 3, 1862. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Sanford R Brainard, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps.
George W. Brown, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps.
Edwin Foots, enl. Aug. 14. 1662. Transf. to Invalid Corps Feb 20, 1864.
George Foster. (See Non-Corn. Staff.)
Daniel Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1882. Trans, to Vet. Res. Coips.
Ralph H..Shepard, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. t) Vet. Res. Corps:
Michael Beck, enl, Nov. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 9, 1865,
£ben W. Garzee, enr. as Corporal Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Chattanooga,

Tenn.. Nov. 13, 1863, from wounds rec'd in action.
Lewis M. Watkins, enl. Aug., 14, 1862. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865.
Charles Gibbs, enl. Aug. 10, 18i)2, Transf. to Vet. Kes. Corps March 2,

1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865.
Jacob Vosler, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Knoxvllle, Tenn. , March 4, 1864.
Gottlieb Reuss, enl, Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corporal April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 1865,
Wilbur F. Russell, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 17,

1863.
Oscar Van Avery, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865
Elvert M. Shepard, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.
Charles E. Austin, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. from Hosp.
Orlando Austin, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. from Hosp.
Samuel H. Ames, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Chauncy D. Hall, enl. Aug, 11, 1882, Disch.

Job Hamlin, enl. Aug. 14, '.862, Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 21, 1864.
Thomas Hammond, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jime 3,' 1865.

Mustered out with the Co,
Peter Kyser, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Gilbert C. Porter, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. May

28, 1865.
William A. Reed, (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Andrew K. Rose, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, and

to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
Ozias C. Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. Aug. 15, 1863, for disability.
Harrison F. Henry, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1882. Promoted to Sergt.

Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863.
Andrew Crittenden, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1864.

Taken prisoner Jan. 19, 1865.
John Lovejoy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
William Bryan, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19,

1863, Sent to Hosp. at Cleveland, O.
John Hogeman, enl. Aug, 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Gottlieb Schwartz, enl. Aug. 9, 1882. Mustered out with the Co,
Jonathan Wyeth, enl, Aug. 4, 1882, Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 2, 1863,
George N. Miner, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Disch. Jan, 19, 1885, on account of
wounds,

COMPANY B.

Charles D. Hammer, enr. Sergt. Co. A, Aug. 4, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut.

Co. G, May 23, 1863, Transf to Co. B June 3, 1865, Mustered out

June 9, 1865.
Alfred Bowman, enl. Sept, 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9,

1885.
John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 20, 1862, Transf. to Co. E. Mustered out

June 30, 1865.

COMPANY 0,

Robert Wallace, enr. as Capt. Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned May.l9, 1863.
Daniel Stratton, enr, as 1st Lieut, Oct. 15,1862 Promoted to Captain

May 20, 1863. Resigned Oct. 25, 1863.
John B. Irwin, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. G, Nov. 13,1862. Prom, to Capt. Co.

C, April 8, 1864, Died June 24, 1864, of wounds received inaction

June 12th,
James T. McGinness, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 29, 1862. Prom, to

Ist Lieut. Co. F, April 17, 1863, and to Captain Co. C, Jan. 20, 1865,

Mustered out July 9, 1S65.
Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Aug. 2, 1863. Prom, to 1st

Lieut. Co. C, Sept. 18, 1884. Killed in action at Nashville, Dec. 16,

1884.
John O'Brien, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned April 21, 1863.
John P. Lamb, enr. 1st Sergt, Co, A, July 30, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut.

Co. C, May 19, 1863. Resigned June 20, 1863.
John Stevens, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept, 20, 1862.

David Shaughnessey, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Dec. 10.
• 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1866.
William Rednep, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Feb. 1, 1865,

Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Montgomery, enr. as Corp. Sept, 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.

June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Murphy, enl. Sept. 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
James Roche, enl. Dec. 2P, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Melvin L. Shepard, enl. Sept, 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Isaac Taylor, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus

tered out with the Co.
Joseph Benson, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Promoted lo Corporal June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. ^

Samuel J. Brown, enr. as Musician Sept. 30, 1882. Mustered out with

the Co.
William Lathrop, enr. as Musician Feb, 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co
George W. Andrews, enl. Feb, 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Davis, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
Lyman Fuller, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out

July 10, 1865.
Frederick Goode, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Luke Green, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Joyce, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Lingera, enl. Jan 27, 1864, Mustered out June 24, 1865.
Richard Lee, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
James McDonald, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. captured at Chickamauga, Sept.
19. 1883. Exchanged and sent to Camp Chase, O., May 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out luly 8, 1865,
Timothy Mahoney, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Newnham, enl. Nov. 29, 1862. Wounded Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered

out June 5, 186.3.
William Quigley, enl. Sept. 30, 1882. Captured at Dandridge, Tenn. Jan,
19, 1864. Exchanged and sent to Camp Chase Deo. 1, 1864. Mustered
out May 29, 1865.
Riley L. Rood, enl. Feb. 20, 1864, Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Kyde, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
William shanley, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles E. Styre, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered out with tue Co.
Martin Smith, enl. Sept 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
AmosC. Sexlou, tnl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert K. Wilde, enl. Sept, 30, 1862, Mustered out with the Co,
John Lynch, enr. as Corp, Sept. 17, 1862. Died in rebel prison at At-
lanta, Ga., Aug. 15, 1864.
Reuben B. Abbey, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp . Died at Nash-
ville, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1864.
Orange E. Bushon, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Killed in action May 27, 1864,
Michael Ducey, enl. Jan. 16, 1884. Killed in action May 27, 1864,
James W, Forsyth, enl, Oct, 18', 1862. Died in hospital at Cleveland, 0.,

Nov. 25, 1862.
John Fritz, enl. Oct. 13, 1882. Died Nov. 28, 1863, of wounds received at

Chattanooga.
Samuel Ferguson, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Died at Jetfersonville, Ind., May 31,

1864.
John Hopwood, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug., 1884^

from wounds received in action.
Thomas Johnson, enl. Sept. 17, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Feb.

28, 1864.
Charles A. MoBaue, enl. Sept. .30, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn.
James MoCort, enl. Sept. 30, 1362. Died at Nashville, Tenn,, June 29,

1864, from wounds received in action,
James Mcintosh, enl, Dec. 29, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 20. 1863.
Arthur Quinn, enl. .Sept, 30, 1862, Died at Dover, Tenn,, Feb. 5, 1863.
Patrick Murphy, enl. May 17, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison .'^pril

14, 1865.
John Ray, enl. Aug. 1, 18C3. Killed in action at Nashville, Tenn., Dec.

18, 1864.
Thomas Willey, enl. Nov. 22, 1862. Died from wounds reo'd at Chicka-
mauga, Dec. 10, 1863.
Egbert Hicks, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 22. 1864.
Josiah M. Holt, enr, as Sergt. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. for disabihty May

20, 1863.
Frank Roche, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 23, 1882, Disch, for disability.
John R. Tudor, enr, as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 1.

1864.
Thomas C. Ault, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
William W. Cushing, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to 125th Int.
John D. Cole, enl. Dec. 22, 1863, Disch, on account of wounds reo'd in

action, March 5, 1885.
James Cullerton, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability. July 19, 1864.
John A. Dodson, enl. Nov. 20, 1883. Disch. for disability. May 16th, 1865.
Henry L, Engleson, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out May 13, 1885.
Thomas S. Gardner, enl. Jan, 8, 1863, Disch. for disabihty March 18, 1863,
Alfred L. Jago, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, Disch , for disability March 10, 1864.
John H, Jennings, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. Nov. 32, 1863.
John MoWilliams, enl. Jan. 22, 1864, Disch. for disability.
Patrick Joyce, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Disch. on account of wounds rec'd in

action May 24, 1865.
William A. Lowrie, enl.Feb. 22, 1864. Disch. April 15, 1865.
Hugh McGuckitt, enr. as Corp, Sept, 18, 1862. Disch. because of wounds.
Reuben Ritter, enl. Sept. 30, 1882, Disch. for disability.
William Rayen, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability April 10, 1863.
Franklin Stillson, enl. Sept. 30. 1862, Discii, for disability Nov. 16, 1863.
Henry Slack, enl. March 1, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept. 8, 1864.
Wallace Walworth, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Disch. May 28, 1865.

144

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Dexter Lane, enr. as Sergt. Sept. ar, 1862, Trans, to Vet. Hes. Corps.

George Fox, enl. Sept. 30, 18B3. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

Clark A. Fish. [See Non-commissioned Staff.]

Jacob Money, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

Richard Putt, enl. Sept. 26, 1862. Wounded and sent to Columbus, O.,

Sept. 4, 1864.
James Walsh, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps

April 28, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865.
John Anderson, enl. Dee. 1, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 10, 1864.

COMPANY D.

Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. A .luly 26, 1862. Promoted to

Capt. Co. D Aug. 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865.
Hiram H. Bowman, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865.
Herbert W. Ashford, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Herman E. Beckwith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Theodore R. Evans, enl. Dec. 29, 186-3. Mustered out June 2-3, 1865.
Albert E. Hudson, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George Jones, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Dec. 13,

1864.
George Johnson, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Mossier, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ananias Mossier, enl. fan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Tranklin Myers, enl. Dec. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Arthur Murphy, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Orlando Porter, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Augustus Raser, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Redecar, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Schoenholtz, enl. Dec. 11, 186-3. Mustered out with the Co.
Nelson Vond, enl. Dec. 21, 186:3. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Watkins, enl. Jan. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hudson, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27,

1864.
Edward Homan, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Died at Bull's Gap, Tenn., April 23,

1865.
Michael O'Donovan, enl. Dec. 14, 186:1 Disch. for disabiUty Dec. 27, 1864.
Daniel Driscnll, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability March 29, 1865.
Frank W. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Disch. June

7, 1865.
John King, enl. Jan. 83, 1864. Disch. on account of wounds rec'd May

16, 1865.

COMPANY E.

Thomas J. Carron. enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 89, 1862. Resigned Jan. 10, 1864.
Terence A. Dempsey, enl. as Sergt. Co. H Sept. 19, 1862. Promoted to

2nd Lieut. Co. D June 19, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Co. E March 2, 1864.

Killed before Nashville, Dee. 16, 1864.
William Carron, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Died June 23, 1863.
Josiah Flick, enr. as Corp. Oct. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for

disability May 8, 1863.
Peter Burkett, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb 13

1865.
Frank Hartman, enr. as Musician Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. June 12, 1865.
Albert AUeman, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co July 9

1865.
Harold A. Cores, enl. April 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 6, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Sholl, enl. May 15, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered

out with the Co .
James Benson, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 80, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Euchre, enl. May 12, 1863. Taken prisoner May 27, 1864.
Christopher Houghton, enl, Oct. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
John W. Harper, enl. Feb. 14, 1863.

William Lawless, enl. July 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Louis Mogler, enl. May 88, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Sutton, enl. April 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Spangler, enl. Oct. 10, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
George Turner, enl. April 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Thomas, enl. May 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Myron Crocker, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at NashviUe, March 30, 1863.
Carrollton Romengoburg, enl. May 19, 1863. Killed near Dallas Ga
May 87, 1864.

Zenas Parker, enl. April IS, 1863. Died in Andei-sonviUe prison Sent 14

1864. f y ■ ,

Ira Wade, enl. April 25, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1863 KiUed at

Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1864.
Thomas Baker, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability July 6 1864
WUllam T. McDowell, enl. Sept. 30, 1868. Disch. from Ho-p.'March 25

1865, '

Michael Rourke, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec 26 1862
Wilham Stoner, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch . for disability Dec 26 1862 '
James Sweeney, enl. May 11, 1863. Disch. for disability July 30 1864
James Larkin, enl. Oct. 82, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Disch June 20
lb63, '

James McGuire, enl. Oct. 19, 1802. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

Richard Reed, enl, Oct. 21, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.
John Stagmire, enl. May 8, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

COMPANY F.

Horace E. Dakin, enr. as Capt. Oct. 30, 1862. Resigned March 1, 1863.
John C. Smith, enr. 2d Lieut. Co. I, Jan. 30, 1863. Promoted to Ist Lieut.
Co. C, March 12, 1864, and to Capt. Co. F, Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered
out July 9, 1865.
Sherbourne B. Eaton, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Adj't Oct. 1, 1862. Pro-
moted to Capt. Co. F, Nov. 23, 1863. Resigned Nov. .3. 1864.
Andrew J. Moulton, enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 30, 1862. Resigned March 4,

1863.
Oliver P. Mcllrath, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 27,

1863.
John E Crandall. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

April 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865.
Charles Hammond, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
George Butler, enl. April 29, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Williams, enl. May 5, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Sylvester Adams, enl. Oct. 13, 1832. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

wuh the Co.
John Bently, enl. Dee. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 30, 1865. Mus.

tered out with the Co.
Mason Ketchum, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 30, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
James A. Bowers, enl. May 26, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1863.

Mustered out with the Co.
John Cisco, enl. May 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
James Lennon, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865.

Mustered out wih the Co.
Alfred Curtis, enl. May 1, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Samuel Chapman, enr, as Musician Sept. 12. 18B2. Mustered out with
the Co.

Almon Aiken enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph Beach, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Hugh Buc»ley, enl, Sept. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Robert Bennett, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 9, 1863.

Adam Babb, enl. Nov. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

William Crosby, enl. April 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Leonidas N. Crossland, enl. March 14. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Coates, enl. Deo. 16, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865.

Adam Dinges, enl. April 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Levi Forsyth, enl. Sept. 15, 1862.

John Mitchell, enl. March 20, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 30, 1864.

Deter Nicholas, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael Ryan, enl. March 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Christopher Smith, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Wounded May 27, 1864.

Christian Stabler, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Lucius Wheeler, enl. Sept. 10, 1862.

Samuel Buckhart, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Died Nov. 10, 1862.

Joseph A. Beecham, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Died from wounds. July 5, 1864.

John W. Crapser, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga

Sept. 19, 1863.
Joseph Corann, enl. Oct. 14, 1863. KiUed at Chickamauga Sept. 19. 1863.
Christian Grobe, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Died Dec. 9, 1863.
John Hart, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Died Jan. 18, 1864.
Sherman Sperry, enr. as Musician Sept. 29, 1862. Died April 14, 1863.
James Stark, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863.
Daniel Sherman, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. Died Jan. 10, 1863.
John Thoma, enl. Oct. 2, 1862. Killed at Rocky Face Ridge May 10, 1664.
Harry F. Adams, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. 29, 1863.
John W. Baird, enl. March 29, 1863. Disch. July 38, 1863.
Henry Chapman, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Disch. May 31, 1865.
Jacob Heimbaugh, enr. as Corporal Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergt.

Disch. May 27, 1865.
Adolphus Hunter, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1862. Disch. April 2, 1863.
Franklin Jones, enl. Oct. 6, 1863. Disch. July 18, 1863.
Edward Jones, enl. March 24, 1863. Disch. May 2, 1863
Francis James, enl. Sept. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. A 1862.
Frank MoUer, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability June 22, 1863.
Anthony Meredith, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability Dee. 10, 1862.
John O'Mara, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Disch. April 18, 1863.
Charles H. Ranney, enr, as Sergt. July 26, 1863. Disch. for disabihty

Oct. 10, 1863.
Christian D. Stellar, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Disch. April 20, 1863.
James V. Smith, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. P, om. to Corp. Disch. May 23, 1865.
Alfred X, Seuber, enl. Sept. 33, 1862. Disch. May 18, 1865.
John Young, enl. March 29, 1863. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Eugene W. Elliott, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Prom.

to Corp. Deo. 20, 1863; to Sergt. Nov. 5, 1863; and to 1st Sergt Aug.

1,1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

145

John H. Zeriy. enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Prom.

to Corp. March 16, 186.3; and to Sergt. March 1, 1864. Mustered out

June 9, 1865.
David P. Hodgeman, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862.

Died at Nashviile, Tenn., JIarch 17, 1863.
Joseph Holden, enl. Dee. 19, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 1, 1864.
Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 26, 1862.
Joseph Eeisinger, enl. Oct. 30, 1868. Transf. to Co. Q Nov. 1, 1862. Transf.

to Vet. Res. Corps.
Gordon Shurtliff, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Mus-
tered out June 9, 1865.
James Williams, enl. Oct. 29, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1868. Killed

at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864.
Thomas Waltham, enl. Sept. 16, 1868. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 1,

1863. Mustered out June 28, 1865.
John N. Mitchell, enl. March 24. 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 30, 1864.
Robert Bennett, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 9, 1863.

COMPANY G.

William A. Powell, enr. as Capt. Nov. 13, 1S62. Resigned April 83, 1864.
James Brennan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1662. Resigned April 28, 1863.
John B. Irwin, enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1863. Promoted to Capt. Co. C,

April 8, 1864.
Thomas Burke, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 20, 1862. Disch. June 7, 1863.
George Evans, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. Dec. 5, 1863.
Nelson Shurtliff, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Disch. May 1, 1863.
John Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Transf. to Co. F, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch.

April 22, 1803,
Patrick Welsh, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Trarsf. to Co. C, Jan. 1, 1863. Mus-
tered out May 30, 1865.
Alexander Vandermark. enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Transf. to Co. B, Jan. 1,

1863. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
John Ijinden, enl. Oi t. 28, 1862. Died at Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1863.
James Hennessey, enl, Nov. 20, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863.

Disch. June 10, 1863.
William M. Parker, enl. Sept. 17, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863.

Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Died in Anderson-

ville prison Aug. 11, 1864.
WiUiam L. Reed, enl. April 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 25, 1863.

Mustered out with the Co.
Christopher Fudron, enl. April 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Ranch, enl. April 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Hiram B. Stevens, enl. April 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William Ball, enl. March 28, 1863. Died at Nashville, Aug. 13, 1863.
Alexander Baird, enl. April 10, 1663. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19,

1863.
Burton Hayes, enl. April 16, 1863. Disch. Nov. 10, 1863.
James L. Lloyd, enl. April 11, 1863. Disch.
John Boyle, enl. March 28,1863. Promoted to Sergt. Transf. to Vet.

Res. Corps May 23, 1864.

COMPANY H.

Eben S. Coe, enr. as Capt. Nov. 17, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 196th

Inf. March 36, 1865.
John Sterrus, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. C, Sept. 20, 1862. Promoted to 2d

Lieut. Co. H, June 30, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. B, Sept. 17, 1864, and to

Capt. Co. H, April 11, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865.
James T. McGinness, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 29, 1862. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Co. F, April 17, 1863.
Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 3d Lieut. Aug. 2, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Co. C, Sept. 18, 1864.
James Dillon, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 2, 1864, and to

Sergt . June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Allen Blether, enl, Sept. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Robert A. Denham, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Eugene M. Cowdery, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
John A. Kriegman, enl. Oct. 29, 1868. Promoted to Corp. May 19, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
William M. Conolly, enl, Oct. 16, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Bartlett, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank Drake, enl. March 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel N. Dunning, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Green, enr. as Corp. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Leo Herrick, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hays, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas H. Jones, eul. Oct. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob H. Karker, enl. Deo. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Felix Lafayette, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Reeves Lucas, eiil. Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out witn the Co,
Joseph Mitchell, enl, Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
Patrick McCarty, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Murray, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out July 18, 1865.
FrankUn Moore, enl. April 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William MoCaftrey, enl. Deo. (, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Peter Moore, enlisted Nov, 4, 1863. Left sick at Nashville Aug. 19, 1864.

Casper Ohl, enl. Oct. 7. 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

Peter Price, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Phelps, enl. Nov. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James Ryan, enl. Nov. 2, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.

William Rogers, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John H. Reed, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Left sick at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 20,

1865.
Daniels. Critchfleld, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel B. Smith, enl. Oct. 10, 1802. Mustered out May 19, 1865.
Charles Smith, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Left sick at Chatta-nooga Nov. 28, 1863.
Jacob Suitor, enl. April 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Wolf, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Wilkeson, enl. May 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam W. Wilcox, enl. March 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry E. Lowi ey, enr. as Corp. Oct. 7, 1868. Promoted to Sergt. Killed

at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863.
Nelson Lent, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at

Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863.
John Doyle, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.,

Oct. 10, 1863, from wounds reo'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19.
Samuel H. Harrison, enr. as Corp. Oct. 6, 1862. Died at Manchester,

Tenn., July 84, 1863,
Edward Dangerfleld, enl, Oct, 27, 1862, Died at Cleveland, 0., Jan. 4, 1863.
Darwin L. Goble, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Died at Franklin, Tenn., March 5,

1863.
Charles A. Gregory, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864.
Samuel Kemp, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 10,

1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept 19.

John McDermot, enl. Oct. 9, 1862, Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1865.
?hiUp Noll, enl. Jan. B, 1864. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864.
William Nicholson, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills,

Ga., May 27, 1864.
John C, Hurley, enl. Sept. 34, 1863. Captured May 37, 1864. Died in An-

dersonville prison Sept., 1864.
David Sellers, enl. Dec. 29, 186). Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 2,

1864, from wounds rec'd May 9.

Ephraim 6. Staples, enl. April 6, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept.

, 19, 1863.
Terence A. Dempsey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1862.
Gardner Barber, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Disch. Feb. 20, 1863.
David W. Sturgiss, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. July 18,:i863.
William H. Pepperday, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 6, 1863. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863.
Andrew Fridley, enl. May 25, 1863. Disch. Oct. 10, 1863.
Basil L. Spangler, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in U. S. Col.

troops Nov. 17, 1868.
John A. Foot, enl. Oct. 6, 1863, Disch. March 7, 1864.
Jonathan L. Spencer, enl. May 21, 1863. Disch. May 23, 1864.
Jonathan Wright, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Disch. Oct. 10, 1863.
William W. Webster, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Disch. Dec. 31, 1864.
John Nagle, enl. Oct. 25, 1802. Disch. May 23, 1805.
Andrew Koll, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Disch. June 28 1865.
Charles D. Camp, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863.
Thomas J. Crooks, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to 1st. Sergt.

Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 8, 1865.

Mustered out July 26, 1865.
Charles D. Collins. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
James Powell. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Peter R. Granel. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Henry McKinnon, enl. Sept, 33, 1863, Transf, to Invalid Corps Sept.

20, 1868.
William Deitz, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept, 26, 1863.
Thomai A. Johnston, enl, Oct. 30, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept.

86, 1863.
John Mooney, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Transf. to InvaUd Corps Dec. 11, 1863.
Tracy L. Barnes, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Transf. to Co. C. Jan. 1, 1863. Died

in rebel prison at Richmond, Va. , Oct. 37, 1803.

COMPANY I.

John C. Smith, enr. as 8d Lieut. Jan. 30, 1863.

Albert A. Wilson, enl. Dec. 13, 1803. Mustered out with the Co., July 9,
1865.

EdgarM. Tower, enl, Nov, 37, 1863. Disch. Nov. 1, 1864.

Martin EUsner, enl, Deo. 23, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch.
.Aug. 24, 1864.

George Henzen, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Died
at Nashville, Tenn., April 23, 1803.

George Reichert, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Pro-
moted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865.

John Shook, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Mus-
tered out July 9, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Alfred Wilson, enl. Aug. 31, 1863, Transf, to Non-Com. Staff as Sergt.

Maj. March 1, 1865. Promoted to 1st Lieut. June 12, 1865. Mustered

out with the Reg.
Frederick Hogendoble, enl. Co. A, 128th Inf. Deo. 30, 1861. Promoted to

2d Lieut. Co. K, 124th Reg. April 38. 1868. Resigned March 10, 1864.

146

GEXEEAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

■William Clark, enl, June 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865, and
to Sergt. June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865.

Charles Everett, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1864.
Mustered out with the Co.

Oliver Casler, enl. Sept. 3, 1868. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

John Gihson, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

John J. Delehanty, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Orin Marvin, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Frederick Towser, enl. July 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Brainard, enr. Aug. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Loren Brainard, enr. July 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Nicholas Am, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Hugh Baxter, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

■William C. Clark, enl. July 1, 1863. Absent sick since May 18, 1864.

John Dorn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Peter Dorn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Emerick, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

George Gibson, enl. May 18, 1863. Absent sick since Sept. 19, 1863.

■William Gunshorn. enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Lewis Holshocker, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

George R. Jumont, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Miller, enl. June 11, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864.

Jacob Naigle, enl. Jan. 2-i, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Martin Quinn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James Quinlan, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Wounded Dec. 16, 1864.

Jacob Shaub, enl. July 23, 1863.

lleuben Spencer, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co .

Melancton Teel, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

William Vanness, enl. July 16, 1863.

Henry "Williams, enl. July 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Wallace, enl. Sept. 5, 1863.

David Young, enl. June 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James Clark, enl. July 11, 1863. Killed in action May 9, 1861.

Hugh Gauntley, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Died at New Albany, Ind., Nov. 6,
1864.

Joseph Martin, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 21,
1865.

William Martin, enl. June 14, 1863. Killed in action Sept. 19, 1863.

Edward O'Neill, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Died of wounds received in action
June 24, 1864.

John Rei, enl. Aug. 1. 1863. Died in Andersonville prison June 9. 1864.

George Saunders, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 1863.

Joseph Sims, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Died from wounds received in action
Oct. 1863.

Alexander Stewart, enl. July 7, 1863. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864.

Thomas Thompson, enl. July 3, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19,
1863.

William B. Thompson, enl. July 3, 1863. Died of wounds received in ac-
tion Feb. 2, 1865.

James McDowd, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Diseh. May 10,
1865.

John Walsh, enl. July 7, 1863. Disch. May 10, 1865.

George Click, enl. July 13, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 28, 1864.

John Ford, enl. July 20,- 1863. Disch. Sept. 12, 1864.

John Lloyd, enl. July 20, 1863. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 18, 1864.

Sage Nicharson, enl. July 19, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863.

William Sutton, enl. June 16, 1863. Disch . for disability.

Frederick ■V\'^aggoner, enl. Jime 11, 1863. Disch. for disability March 10,
1865.

William Keams, enl. June 1, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863.

■William Santeman, enl. July 19, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863.

John U. Hennie, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Disch. May 3, 1865.

Adam Zeigler, enl. July 10, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.

John Connell, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Disch. May 18, 1865.

■VS'illiam Birch, enl. July 11, 1S63. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

George Morrison, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out July 25, 1865.

John Mayberry, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 7,
1864.

James W. Lyttle, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

Andrew Mesmer, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 20
1864.

John Mellen, enl. June 11, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 1864.

CHAPTER XXIX.

ONE HUNDRED AND T^WBNTY-FIFTH AND ONE
HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

Formation of the One Hundred and Twenty -fifth— The Cuyahoga Repre-
sentation—Off (or Louisville and Franklin— Driving out the Rebels
and holding the Town— The Battle of Chickamauga— The Victory of
Mission Ridge— A Fight in East Tennessee, etc.— Heavy Loss at Dal-
ton, Resaca, Lost Jlountain and Kenesaw— Brilliant Success at Frank-
lin-^Gen. Thomas' Compliment— Subsequent Services— Mustered out
—Members from Cuyahoga County— The One Hundred and Twenty-
Eighth as Guards— The Members from Cuyahoga— The Hoffman Bat-
talion—Services of the Regiment-Mustered out— List of Cuyahoga
Men.

ONE HUNDRED AND T^R-ENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

This regiment was recruited for three years, in the
autumn of 1862, and on the 5th of October was mus-
tered in with eight full comiDanies, of which Cuyaho-
ga county furnished one hundred and eleven men,
scattered in small numbers through all the companies.
Col. Emerson Opdycke was it first commander. On
the 3d of January, 1863, the regiment left Cleveland
six hundred and fity seven strong, for Louisville,
where a stay was made until January 28th, followed
by a move to Erankliu, Tenn. There the enemy was
encountered, and after a sharp engagement dislodged
from the town. Twice — on the 9th of March and
10th of April — the rebels attempted to recapture
Franklin, but in both instances were repulsed by the
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth.

Remaining in Franklin until June 21st, the regi-
ment joined its command at Murfreesboro, and on
the 24th began the memorable, dreary march to Hills-
boro, whence it moved by slow stages to Chattanooga,
where it arrived on the 9th of September, and in the
vicinity of which it ■u'as engaged in sharp skirmish
work until the 18th of that month. On the latter
day the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth first took
part in a general engagement. In the battle of
Chickamauga, which opened on the 18th, the regi-
ment ■won such conspicuous honors that General
Rosecrans personally complimented it, and General
Woods christened it " The Tiger Regiment of Ohio."
On the 2oth of Xovember, the One Hundred and
Twenty-fifth entered the field of battle for the second
time — on this occasion at Mission Ridge — and during
that long and bloody fight, although it covered itself
with glory, it sustained a severe loss in killed and
wounded.

Marching to Knosville and thence to Dandridge,
the regiment fell into an engagement with the enemy
at the latter place, on the 17th of December, and for the
better part of two days performed severe and continu-
ous work, during which it lost thirteen men in killed
and wounded. Directly after this afEair the One Hun-

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

147

dred and Twenty-fifth retreated to Knoxville, where
its ranks were reinforced by the accession of Compa-
nies I and K, recruited in Ohio after the regiment
had left the State. The time from December 20, 1863,
to May 3, 1864, was passed in winter quarters at Lou-
don and Cleveland, Tennessee. Upon the latter day
the regiment moved out of camp as part of the Third
brigade. Second division. Fourth corps, and set out
for Georgia with General Sherman, who then entered
upon his Atlanta campaign. In the engagement be-
fore Dalton, on the 7th and 8th of May, the One
Hundred and Twenty-fifth was in the thick of the fight
and lost heavily. At Resaca and Lost Mountain the
regiment distinguished itself, and at Kenesaw Moun-
tain— when Colonel Opdycke's promotion to the com-
mand of a brigade advanced Lieut. Col. Moore to the
head of the regiment — there was more severe work
and more severe regimental loss.

After the fall of Atlanta, the One Hundred and
Twenty-fifth was called to Nashville, then threatened
by Hood, and took part in the battle of Franklin;
winning high honor and capturing eighty prisoners
and two battle-flags. Colonel Opdycke was in com-
mand of the brigade in which the One Hundred and
Twenty-fifth fought, and after the battle. General
Thomas said to him: "Colonel Opdycke your brigade
saved the army at Franklin, and saved Nashville."
During the battle of Nashville, the regiment ren-
dered effective service. On reaching Huntsville, Ala.,
January 6, 1865, it went into winter quarters, whence
it emerged on the 28th of March. It moved without
active service to Knoxville, and thence, by way of
Nashville, to New Orleans; being mustered out of
service in Texas on the 35th of September. It then
returned to Ohio, and was discharged at Camp Chase
on the 17th of October, 1865.

MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

George L. Wood, enr. as Major Nov. 27, 1863. Resigned April 30, 1863.
Henry McHenry, enr. as Surg. Oct. 6, 1862. Resigned June 1, 1865.
Porter Yates, enr. as Asst. Surg, Oct. 6, 1862. Resigned May 6, 1863.
John E. Darby, enr . as Asst. Surg. Sept. 24, 1863. Transf . to 42nd U. S.
Col. Troops April 7, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Lyman L. Herring, enr. as Hosp. Steward Nov. 14, 1862. Died April 33,

1863.
Benj. F. Young, enr. as Prin. Musician Oct. 22, 1863. Mustered out

June 9, 1865.
Peter Damme, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Prom, to Prin. Musician May 30, 1863.

Discli. for disability May 10, 1865.

COMPANY A,

Thomas Richmond, enl. March 23, 1864. Wounded May 14, 1864. Transf.
to Co. I, June 7, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865.

Orsamus Fitch, enl. March 27, 1864. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, 1865.
Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865.

John W. King, enl. March 31, 1864. Transf. to Co. C. June 20, 1865. Mus-
tered out Sept. 25, 1865.

George Pigott, enl. March 7, 1864. Transf . to Co. C, June 20,- 1865. Mus-
tered out Sept. 15, 1865.

Edwin M. Reynolds, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY c.

Sanford Armstrong, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865.

John Handley, enl. Dec. 27, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.

Minos Radcliffi, enl. Deo. 31, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out

with the Co.
Henry Baker, enl. Nov. 1, 1863. Died Aug. 29, 1863.
Festus G. Tyler, enl. Oct. 23, 1862. Died Aug. 25, 1864.
Mark Shields, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Dec 29, 1864.
John Campbell, enl. Dec. 38, 1883. Mustered out May 16, 1865.

COMPANY D.

Thomas Gillen, enl, Oct, 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865.
Andrew J. Gillen, enl. April 8, 1864, Wounded May 14, 1864.
George S. Hill, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 27, 1865.
David Keck, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864, and sent to

Hosp. at Cleveland, O.
John King, enl. March 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Putnam, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out

with the Co.
John Walters, enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Timothy Cooley, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864.
John H. Whittaker, enl. March 1, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered

out Sept. 1, 1865.
James Beggs, enl. March 1, 1864. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. for

disability May 17, 1865.
Mortimer J. Fuller, enl. April 1, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Edward McLane, enl. Jan. 33, 1864. Disch. for disability June 31, 1865.
George PfafE, enl. March 3, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 34, 1864.
John S. Williams, enr. as Coi-p. Oct. 30, 1883. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. I,

1865.
Almon Hitehens, enl. April 16, 1884. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865.
Frederic Allen, enl. March 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 26, 1865.
Hudson Fitch, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sept. 1st, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865.

COMPANY F.

George Klein, enl. Nov. 23, 1862. Disch. May 16, 1865.

Charles Harbye, enl. Nov. 35, 1868. Disch. from Hosp. April 30, 1863.

George Seigneur, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Disch. July 14. 1863.

Henry Schneider, enl. Nov. 33, 1862. Disch. Jan, 11, 1865.

Claude Clere, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863.

Mustered out Nov. 15, 1865.
Joseph Grime, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga Sept.

20, 1863.

COMPANY a.

Joseph E. Pero, enl. Dec. 17, 1883. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, and

to 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1865. Mustered qut with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865.
James Logan, enr, as Serge. Nov. 2, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John Simpson, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Wounded at Dandridge Jan. 17, 1884.

Promoted to Corp. same day for bravery, and to Sergt. June 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co .
Christopher Berry,' enr. as Drummer Dec. 20, 1863.
Joseph Garety, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Edwin Hudson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
David Lyons, enl. Dec. 39, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Wade, enl. Nov. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Co,
James Kelley, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865.
Edward Nichols, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Disch. Feb. 17, 1865.
James Shay, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865.
Charles Clodell, enl. March 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept.

25, 1865.
John Dailey enl. Deo. 34, 1863.

Charles Knapp, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864.
Robert W. Thompson, enl. Nov, 4, 1863. Mustered out July 1, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Charles Leimback, enl. Nov. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Deo. 31, 1862,
to 2d Lieut. March 3, 1864^ to 1st Lieut. July 8, 1864. Mustered out
with the Co.

Leroy Thompson, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. May 1, 1864.
Mustered out with the Co. , Sept. 25, 1865.

Peter Damme. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)

Nicholas Schmitz, enl. Nov. 12, 1862. Missing since battle of Chickamau-
ga, Sept. 20, 1863.

Theodore Allardt, enl. Dec. U, 1863.

Francis S. Krumm. enl. Oct. 17, 1883. Died at Blaine's Cross-Roads,
Tenn., Dec. 28, 1863.

Jacob Berner, enl. Feb. 2, 1884. Died at Atlanta, Sept. 2S, 1864.

John Weller, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, Feb. 12, 1861.

William DeCraff , enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. April 30, 1884.

William Dailey, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 19,
1865. Disch. for disability June 36, 1865.

148

GENEEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Valentine PHueger, enl Jan. 24, 1864. Disch. June 28, 1865.

Charles Mueller, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Wounded

Nov. 30. 1864. Disch. May 87, 1863.
Seymour O. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Warner M. Caldwell, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Henry Schneerer. enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. May 18, 1865.
John Weier, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 29, 1865.
Frederic Wagner, enl. Deo. i'i. 1863. Disch. for disabMity April 17, 1865.
Conrad Weddell, en). Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability May 9, 1865.
Peter Zoller, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out Sept. .30, 1865.
Frederick Wolf, en). Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George Seifert., enl. Jan. 6, l,''fr4. Mustered out with the Co.
August Pietsch, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederic Nanck, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James L. Lowman, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Missing since action of June 27,

1864.
Ernst Groebe, enl. Dec. 15, 1863.

Charles Eckerman, enl. Dec. 88, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Anselm Meyer, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865.

Clustered out with the Co.
Michael EUiott, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Killed at Kenesaw, Ga., June 27, 1864.
Gottlieb Schultz, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Killed at Kenesaw June 87, 1864.
Jacob King, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Died at Nashville, Aug. 3, 1864, from

wounds.
Henry Thiele, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Died at Nashville Aug. 21, 1863.
Franz Esch, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Died at New Albany, Ind. Jan. 10, 1865.
George Putnam, enl. Oct. 2, 1863. Died at Galveston, Texas Aug 1

1865.
William Somerby, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865.
Rhinehard Sillfleisch, enl. Dec. 88, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Murray, enl. Oct. 86, 1863. Disch. July 18, 1865.

COMPANY I.

William W. Cushing, enl. Co. C. Sept. 30, 1868. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co.

G, 125th Reg. Nov. 10. 1868, and to Capt. Co, I, May 18, 1864 Res'

May 24, 1865.
William Caughey, enl. Sept. 8,1863. Promoted to Corp, July 3, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865.
Patrick Donoghue, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Transf. to

Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 88, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865.
Michael Goebel enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Louisville, Ky., May 20, 1864

from wound of May 14th.
Charles Miller, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Elden Porter, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out

with the Co.
Richard Roessler, enl. Sept. 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 33 1865

and to Sergt. July 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Albert Radel, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Gustav Seydler, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
August Webber, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered

out with the Co.
David Cary, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out May 22, 1865.
James Prince, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1863.
John Close, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan 20 1863
Disch. July 19, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Alexander W. Cleveland, enr. as Corp. Nov. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville

Tenn., March 16, 1864.
Perry Coon, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Died at Nashville, May 10, 1864.
Jacob Fensterwald, enl. Oct. 29, 1863.

Ernest Lutz, enl. Sept 16, 1863. Died at Loudon. Tenn., March 18, 1864
Lewis N. Robinson, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res Corps Oct

80, 1864. 3Iustered out Aug. 30, 1863.
WiUiam Sleinel, enl. Oct. 21, 1863. Killed at Rocky Face Ridge, May 8.

1864.
Henry Welling, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Disch for

disabihty Jan. 20, 1863.
Charles Meeker, enl. March 1, 1^64. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Menen, enl. March 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

OXE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH IXFANTEY.

Although the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth was
enlisted for three years of active field service, it was
chieiiy employed in guard duty within the State of
Ohio; eqiecially at the posts of Johnson's Island and
Sandusky— the latter becoming, early in 1862, a depot
for rebel officers detained as prisoners of war.

Two hundred and ninety-nine men from Cuyahoga
county enlisted in the regiment, which, on the 25th

of December, 1863, consisted of but four companies,
previously known as "The Hoffman Battalion." This
battalion had been on duty principally at Johnson's
Island since 1863, though it had furnished frequent
detachments for field service — a brief campaign in
pursuit of the rebels in West Virginia in 1862 being
a part of the latter work. During its service in guard-
ing Johnson's Island, the One Hundred and Twenty-
eighth was actively, and sometimes arduously em-
ployed, yet its discipline was kept to a high mark.
While ever ready and eager to take the field, it never
gained the opportunity for winning laurels in that
direction, although some small detachments occasion-
ally saw service. The discharge of prisoners having
followed the rebel surrender in the spring of 1865,
the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth left the island
on the 10th of July, 1865, and on the 17th of the
same month was mustered out at Cam]3 Chase.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELn AND STAFF.

Edward A. Scovill, enr. as Major Sept. 1, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Col

Aug. 9, 1864. Disch. March 25, 1865.
Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Capt. Co. E Nov. 21, 1863. Promoted to Major

March 25, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865.
Porter Yates, enr. as Asst. Surg. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865.
Charles C. Starr, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. G Dec. 23, 1863. Prom, to R. Q.

M. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Prom, to Hosp. Steward

OrviUe P. Foster, enl. in Co. D. Sept. 8,
Dec. 80, 1863.

COMPANY i.

Orlen S. Hayes, enl. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Dec. 22, 1863. Prom, to Capt.

Co. A June 39, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865.
John Bryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 30, 1865.
John H. Brodbent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term,' Jan

20, 1865.
Thomas Burke, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Feb 16

1865. ■ '

Frederick Hogendoble, enl. Dec. 30, 1861.

Peter Lent, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Died at Sandusky, 0., March 30, 1868.
Marcus Lent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 26, 1862.
Eugene D. Mitchell, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Charles E. Ross, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Jan

20, 1865.
Dewitt Rees, enl . Dec . 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865.
William Ryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan 80

1865.
Samuel A. Taylor, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan

20, 1865.
Edward F. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. JIustered out at end of term, Jan.

20, 1865.
Carlysle Whipple, enl. Dec. 34, 1861. Disch. Aug. 10, 1863.

COMPANY B.

Edward E. Young, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 23, 1863. Promoted to Sergt.

Maj. Dec. 20, 1864, and to 2d Lieut. April 2. 1865. Transf. to Co. K

June 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Stephen E. Douglass, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 25, 1863. Mustered out at end

of term Feb. 17, 1865.
Samuel D. McElroy, enr. as Corp. Jan. 38, 1862.
Robert Corlett, enl. Feb. 3, 1868. Disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1862.
Thomas Goudy, enl. Jan. 21, 1868, Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17,

1865.
Samuel F. Smith, enl. Jan. 21, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb.

17, 1865.
Jacob Wagner enl. Jan. 30, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb 17

1865.

Andrew F. Whitman, enl. Jan. 89, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept.

10, 1862.
Alonzo D. Wilson, enl. -il, 1868. Mustered out at end of term Feb 17,

1865.
Warren Wooden, enl. Jan. 33, 1863. Disch. for disability Sept. 5, 1862.
Daniel W. Smith, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. '

ONE HUNDKED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

149

COMPANY O.

Eugene D. Mitchell, enl. Co. A, Dec. 23, 1861. -Promoted Dec. 21, 1863, to
2d Lieut. Co. F, and to 1st Lieut. Co. C, April 22, 1865. Mustered out
July 13, 1865.

COMPANY D.

George Hutchinson, enl. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 5, 1802. Promoted to 2d

Lieut. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Charles A. Hunt, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec.

14, 1864.
Jonathan B. Tuttle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11, 1862.
Isaac N. Rogers, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Deo.

IT, 1862.
Hugh Green, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
Charles F. Peck, enl. Sept. 5, 1862 Mustered out June 3, 1865.
Lycurgus M. Poak, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Ebenezer King, enl. Jan. 9. 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 13, 1865.
Charles C. Campbell, enr. as Corp. Sept, 8. 1863. Mustered out with tha

Co. July 13, 1865.
Charles M. Adams, enl. Sept. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Co.
Edward W. Clark, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Scott Doane, enl. Sept. 6. 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Ambrose M. Gregor, enl. Sept. 9. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Miller, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 20, 1863.
William PhiUips, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Orlando Stafford, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William Sherman, enl. Sept. 9, 1863. Mustered out June 3, 1865.
Lucas Scott, enl. Sept. 9, 1363. Disch. for disability Aug. 20, 1863.
Orville P. Foster. (See Non-commissioned Staff. )
Franklin S. Ferry, enl, Sept. 8. 1802, Mustered out with the Co, July 13,

1865,
William G. Marshall, enl. Sept, 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Eli C. Holmes, enr.Jas Corp. Sept. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Isaac Buskirk, enl. Sept, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
Charles H. Bushnell, enl. Sept. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
Samuel O. Crittenden, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry H. Penny, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY E.

Junius R. Sanford. (See Field and Staff.)

Henry H. Smith, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Capt.
April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co July 13, 1865.

Edward E. Young, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec, 23, 1863,

Lorenzo Horn, enr. as Corp, Dec, 18, 1863, Promoted to Sergt, Jan. 1,
1865, Mustered out with the Co.

Henry M. Crocker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
May 24. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Homer L. Blair, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

William H. Eadcliffe, enl. Dec. 18, 18ti3. Promoted to Corp. Mustered
out with the Co.

Spencer O. Arnold, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Robert Nelson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

George W. Harland enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Everett E. Taylor, enl. Deo. 15, 1863, Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co,
Manning J, Axtell, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Musiered out with the Co,
Christian Beier, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Barrett, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James F. Chapin, enl. Dec. 16, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph H. C'artwright, enl, Dec, 19, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
John Cole, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alonzo Crocker, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
Eugene Davis, enl, Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Amos Dodge, enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, .
George L. Dayton, enJ. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Eli Emmons, enl. Dec, 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Ford, enl. Dec. 16, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
Wilham Goodyear, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Seneca B, Hickox, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co.
Danford Hubbard, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Mark Hebblethwaite, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Hartwig. enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co.
DeWitt Leslie, enl. Deo. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Ab ner M. Leslie, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Allison D. Lutz, enl, Deo. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Allen MoFarland, enl, Dec, 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
James E. Newton, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry A, Plato, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

19 a

Solomon Parker, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Elijah Percival, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael F. Palmer, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George A. Patchen, enl. Deo. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the (!o.
Salmon E. Piatt, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Richard Rogers, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co,
Washington G. Read, enl. Dec, 16, 1833, Mustered out with the Co.
William G, Richar-ds, enl, Dec, 10, 186.3. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph H, Redfleld, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred H. Sanford, enl. Deo. 15, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
Greenbury Stevens, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Anson H. Silvernail, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Gottlieb Steible, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John B. Taylor, enl. Dec, 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward H. Thurston, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James M. Weideman, enl. Dec. 18 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Wilford, enl. Dee. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Sterling Wing, enl, Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew w. Taylor, enl. Dee. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July

13, 1865,
David P, Badger, enl, Dec. 10, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
Alvin Cole, enl. Dec. 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.
Demetrius Judd, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
John Merritt, enl; Dec. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James L. Oaks, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas J. Rodgers, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James S. Viers, enl. Dec. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Wm. H. Thomas, enr. as Corp. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.,

July 13, 1865.
Newton Colson, enl. Dec, 10, 1862. Mustered out with Co.
Almon Gleason, enl, Dec, 9, 1832. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Garman, enl. Dec. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with Co.

COMPANY F.

Alfred N. Mead, enr. as Capt. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.,

July 13, 1865.
John N. Harrington, ( nr, as 1st Lieut , Dec. 26, 1863, Mustered out with

the Co.
Henry F. Hastings, enr, as Sergt, Dec, 19, 1863, Promoted to 1st Sergt.

April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William W. Richardson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered- out with

the Co.
John H. Way, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Thompson, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. April 6, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Manley C. Severance, enl. Dec. 15, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered

out with the Co ,
Wesley Gill, enl. Dec. 19, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
Jared Gardner, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
John H. Harding, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Charles H. Rockwell, enl Deo. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. April 6, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Franklin H. Hosford, enr. as Musician March 29, 1864. Mustered out

with the Co.
Otto AUbright, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles W. Andrews, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alonzo B. Akins, enl. Deo, 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
Henry H. Akins, enl, Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred Annis, enl, Deo. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Widiam W. Beckwith, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
Orville Barchard, enl, Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
Samuel Barchard, enl, Deo, 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Tyler R. Curtis, enl. Dec. 19, 18j3. Mustered out with the Co.
Tobias Cover, enl, Dec, 19,1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Cuddeback, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William M, Carter, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Theodore Curtis, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Cahoon, enl. Dec. 19, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
William D. Cline, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Gardner Cady enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Horace A. Durkee, enl. March 7, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Filker, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Francis, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Francis, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry G. Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
William C, Greenhoe, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
William Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Greenhoe, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Merritt Haight, enl. Dee, 19, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co.
George Hahn, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Hall, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Jarrett, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
F ranklin Kreesler, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

150

GENEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Horace Loucks, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Long, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Lewis Langdon, enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co.

Mortimer E. Morgan, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Joel Marsh, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Theodore Meister, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Mastin, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Corw n Moon. enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out wiih the Co.

William Matttews, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Oberlay, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Paul Prince, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Parsons, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Anthony H. Parsch, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Benj. F. Rockwell, enl. Dec. IS. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Peter Reilly, enl. Dec. 17, 1663. Mustered out with the Co.

James Randall, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James B. Euple, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

George G, Sherart, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Snider, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Romanzo E. Smart, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John Payer, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

William Sayer, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph ShaflEer, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Daniel E. Thompson, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Josej. li Turney, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Edwin R Wack. enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Wagner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Vernon W-gner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

JuUus Walker, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Myron M. Keith, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Disch. for disability June 2, 1864.

Joseph Beckett, enl. Dee. 18, 1863. Disch. for disability June 2, 1864.

Nathan Bassett, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Disch. for disabilitj- Aug. 30, 1864.

Ezra Furniss, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability Sept 23, 1864.

Augustus Silverthorn, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan 19
1863.

Thomas Bark, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. June 1, 1865.

Calvin Keith, enl, Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. June 1, 1865.

John B. Lane, enl. Dec. 19, 186.8. Transf. to the Navy April 13, 1864.

Cyrus M. Balch, enl. Dec. 18, 1S63. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 13, 1865.

John Hubbard, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 13, 1865.

Ralph Peck, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 39, 1865. Mustered
out July 13, 1865.

Zachariah O'Neil, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died at Cleveland, O., Feb. 15, 1864-

Samuel Kenwood, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Killed by accident July 3, 1864.

George W. Kelsey, enr. as Musician Dee. 14, 1863. Died Oct. 2, 1864.

Frederick Myers, enl. March 9, 1864. Died Oct. 18, 1864.

Oliver Rogers, enl, Dec. 17, 1863. Died Oct. 31, 1864.
Andrew R. Thompson, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Died May 23, 1865.

Luther B. Woodworth. enr. as Corp. Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered out with
the Co. July 13, 1865.

Joseph Lucas, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPAXY e.

John J. Manor, enr. as Capt. Nov. 25, 1863. Detailed for special duty

July 10, 1864.
Charles C. Starr. [See Field and Staff.]

Henry C. Reno, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 24, 1863.

Samuel H. Young, enr. as Sergt. MaJ. Jan. 4, 1864, Promoted to 2nd
Lieut. July 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 18, 1865.

Thomas W. Gaskill, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Mustered
out with the Co.

George H. Benlehr, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas A. Carson, enl. Jan. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas J. Hawes, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Andrew D. Holford, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William E. Parker, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co!

Ehsha G. Parker, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Frank Stough, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Clustered out with the Co.

Christopher Vostler, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry H. Lincoln, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability June 2, 1865.

Lafayette Stough, enl. Jan. 8. 1864. Transf. to the Navy April 23, 1864

George Wilson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 13, 1865.

William M. Dowell, enr. as Musician April 4, 1864. Mustered out with
the Co. July 13, 1865.

COMPANV I .

Samuel D. McElroy, enl. as Corp. Co. B. Jan. 33, 1S62. Prom, to 1st Lieut.

Co. I, Jan 5, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865
Edwin B. Fullmer, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Elizur Auger, enl. Dec. 31. 1803. Mustered out with the Co.

John S. Brinson, enl. Dec. 21. 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

John Bole, eal. Dee. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Edgar L. Baker, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Theodore D. Castle, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Watson Caley, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Mark E. Crow, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

William H. Crawford, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Carroll, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Ccr

George Ernst, enl. Dee. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

William H. Garnsey, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Augustus Heisner, enl. Dee. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Hake, enl. Dec. 33, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

George W. Keeler, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Major I. Leland, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Casper Lutz, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Alexander Malla, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael McAvoy. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Peter Mans, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles E. Perkins, eul. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Adam Rivers, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Darwin Ruple, enl. Dec. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Sweeney, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

David Sawyer, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

George Salmon, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

George Titus, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James Turner, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Andrew J. Taylor, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. ^Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Wilford, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Abraham Wartman, enl. March 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis H. Campbell, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 28, 1863. Disch. Aug. 80, 1864.
Arthur O. Griswold, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 7, 1864. Promoted March 27
1865, to 1st Sergt.. .

William Inman, enl. Dec. 2.8, 1863. Disch. Aug. 30, 1864.
Ora Titus, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Disch. May 2, 1864.
William Roe, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Died Aug. 29, 1864.
George Brooks, enl. April 2, 1864. Transf. to the Navy July 27, 1864.
George Lanaghan, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Transf. to the Navy July 27, 1864.
James B. Muri ay, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transferred to Co. A. June 29, 1865

Mustered out July 13, 1865.
Isaac W. Phillips, enr. as Corp. Dec. 33, 1863. Died Aug. 12, 1864.
Lorenzo Knapp, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 13, 1863.
Brown Dewilly, enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Henry Sproutbury, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Ezra B. Lee, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Disch. Sept. 23, 1864.

COMPANY K.

Thomas C. Cunard, enr. as Corp. Dec. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant.

Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865.
Lucius C. King, enr. as Corp. Dec. 11, 1868. Promoted to Sergt. April 5,

1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Euel W. Silver, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
Jonathan W. Marvin, eul. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with th^ Co.
Jeffersou Walton, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
John M. Egbert, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Prom, to Corp. April 5, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Morgan Wiseman, enr. as Musician Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with Co,
Henry Bolender, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Carley, enl. as Corp. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Orlando R. Clark, enl. Dec. 19. 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
Madison Glasier, enl. Dec. 31, 1868. Blustered out with the Co.
Marks Hart, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Warren T. Hayes, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Americus J. Hubbard, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Silas H. Jennings, enl. Dec. 17, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel D. Kelty, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
John Lew, enl. Nov. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Birdsey D. Mudge, enl. Dec. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Meyers, enl. Nov. 3D, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Ferdinand Reinhart, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
John Schuster, enl. Dec. 19, 1868. Mustered out wtth the Co.
George A. Smith, enl. Dec. 21 , 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James G. Thatcher, enl. Dec. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Thomas, enl. Dec. 19, 18i;3. Mustered out with the Co,
James W. Underbill, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John O. Underbill, enl. Deo. 81, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
RusseU J. Wells, enl Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out vrtth the Co.
Joseph P. Woods, enl. Dec. 17, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam A. Woods, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Dudley A. Cozad, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Disch. June 2, 1864.
Albert Gay, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Disch. Feb. 25, 1865.
Frederick Perrigo, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865.

Mustered out July 9, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY, ETC.

15]

James W. MeNeelen, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, O.

Feb. 26, 1864.
Andrew Garloch, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Died June 15, 1864.
Richard N. Tliompson, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Died at Johnscin's Island, 0.,

Dec. 5, 1864.
Clinton R. WMte, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Bedford, 0., May 15, 1865.
Louis P. Whittaker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out witli the

Co, July 13, 1865.

CHAPTER XXX.

ONE HtJNDBBD AND TWENTY-NINTH AND ONE
HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY.

The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth enlists for iSix Months— Thirty-
eight Men from Cuyahoga— Off for Kentucky— Capturing Cumber,
land Gap— A Fight on Clinch River— Hard Service during the Winter-
Mustered out in February— The One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry-
Nine Companies from Cuyahoga— Sworn in for a Hundred Days— Off
for Washingt- n— Garrisoning the Forts — Companies G and K m a
Fight— Mustered out— List of Cuyahoga Members.

OXE HUKDRED AND TWENTY-NIM'TH INFANTRY.

The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was mustered
in August 10, 186.3, at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland,
for a service of six months, and included in its ranks
thirty-eight men from Cuyahoga county, all but one
in Company E. On the day of organization the regi-
ment set out for Camp Nelson, Ky., where it was
attached to the Ninth army corps.

On the 30th of August the brigade moved to Cum-
berland Gap, and after the surrender of that place
remained there until December 1st, when the One
Hundred and Twenty-ninth was ordered to march in
the direction of Clinch river. At the crossing of the
Knoxville road over that streami t took part in an en-
gagement with a division of Gen. Longstreet's corps.
From the 2nd to the last of December, the men of
the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth were engaged in
almost constant skirmishing along the line of Clinch
river, and during that severe portion of the winter
they suffered many hardships, although exempt from
the heavy loss of life visited upon other regiments in
that vicinity. Upon the opening of the year 1864:,
the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth returned to the
Gap, and on the 1st of February started for Cleve-
land, being mustered out there in the following
month.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COL'NTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

George L. Hay ward, enr. as Lieut. Col. July 28, 1863. Mustered out with

the Reg. March 7, 1864.
H. B. Steele, enl. July 31, 1863, Co. 1, 86th Reg. Transf. to 129th Inf. Aug.

8, 1863, and made 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Mustered out with the Reg.

March 10. 1861.
Gustav C. E. Weber, enr. as Surgeon June 33, 1863. Res. Oct. 25, 1863.
James W. Smith, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted to Surg.

Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Campbell, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 10, 1863, Mustered out with the

Reg.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Charles Y. Wheeler, enr. as Com. Sergt. July 15, 1863. Mustered out
March 10, 1864.

COMPASY E.

Edwin Taylor (1st Sergt.), Hammond Clapp (Sergt.), Francis W. Fermin
(Corp.), John M. Dillon, William Brooker, William Clapp, James Goss,
Henry Holbrook, Ralph Hopwood, Edward Jones, John Karney, Robert
Miller, Samuel Plank, Oscar Pease, Robert Parsons, George Robinson,
Courtney Randall, Florence Reese, Samuel Richmond, John Shafer,
George Warren, Edward M. Bailey (Sergt.), Watson H. Barkdell (Corp.),
Charles H. Tuttle (Corp.), Orrin Barber, Walter F. Piimphrey, Oliver H.
Perry, Charles Scott, Jacob Piokard, John Sly (Died in service), William
Stewart.

COMPANY I.

Charles Luce, enl. July 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. March 7, 1864

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY,

(national GUARD.).

Of the ten companies composing the One Hundred
and Fiftieth, nine were from this county and the
other from Lora,in. The regiment was sworn in for
a hundred days of service on the 5th of May, 1864,
and at once left Camp Taylor for Washington City,
where it entered upon garrison duty in forts Lincoln,
Saratoga, Thayer, Bunker Hill, Slocum, Totten and
Stevens, which were in the line of fortifications sur-
rounding the national capital.

The regiment remained in the forts till the close of
its term of service, during which companies G and K
participated in the fight before Washington on the
10th and 11th of July; having five men killed and
wounded. The One Hundred and Fiftieth was mus-
tered out at Cleveland August 23, 1864, after a serv-
ice of one hundred and eleven days.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

William H. Hayward, Colonel.
John N. Frazee, Lieutenant Colonel.
J. Dwight Palmer, Major.
Thomas Goodwille, Adjutant.
Herman M. Chapin, Quartermaster.
James M. Smith, Surgeon.
Charles F. Dutton, Assistant Surgeon.
James F. Armstrong, Assistant Surgeon.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

John H. Burton, Sergeant Major.
Wilson L. Dodge, Quartermaster Sergeant.
James P. Gardner, Hospital Steward.
Louis H. Severance, Commissary Sergeant.
Jackson McLeland, Chief Musician.

COMPANY A.

Thomas S. Paddock, Captain.

Joseph M. Richards, Second Lieutenant.

George W. Tibbitts, First Lieutenant.

J. Benton Parsons (1st Sergt.), William Morgan (Sergt.), Theron C.
Baldwin (Sergt.), EU Ely (Sergt.), George Wilkinson (Sergt.), Horace E.
Dakin, (Corp.), Robert Potter (Corp.), Benj. W. Smith (Corp.), Samuel L.
Allen (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.), Frank E. Thomas (Corp.), An-
drew J. Moulton (Corp.), Lemuel O. Rawson (Corp.), George E. Dunton,
Allen C. North, James M, Allen, Charles B. Brown, John Bruner, Flavel
J. Bingham, Charles E. Bingham, William M. Barnes, Lewis Black, Jud-
son M. Brown, George D. Beck, Byron M. Brown, John A. Barstow, A.
G. Curtiss, Michael Carroll, John J. Davis, Albert Dickinson, Charles S.
Pairchild, Edward D. Fowler, Reuben A. Field, Orlando S. Gardner,
Samuel N. Goodale, Thomas Guy, Alfred T, Goodman, Frederick Hitch-
cock, George Hoyt, Charles D. Keeler, Erwin J. Kyser, William Kidd,
Charles M. Lyman, Henry E. Luce, Thomas D. Mann, Hiram N. McLeod,
Byron L. Mears, William J. McMary, Conway W. Noble, Jacob G. Orth,
Jerome T. Perkins, George S. Paine, Arthur H. Quinn, Joseph W. Roof,
Albert A. Smith, Spencer Skeels, Alfred E. Sterling, George Stevens,
Royal P. Stiles, Charles W. Sanford, Edward D. Sherwood, Sanford D.
Simmons, Austin Thomas, William H. Taylor, Peter G. Van Wie, Frank
Wade, John i.. Wigman, Theodore L. Wadsworth, John Whiting, Her-
schell Welton, George Watkins, David S. Wliitehead, Chas. L. Dooiittle,
Mendon L. Prentiss, Edwin Taylor, Henry Ormsby, Norman B. Pratt.

152

CxENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY B .

John Nevins, Captain.

John C. Bull, First Lieutenant.

Arthur H. Barrett, Second Lieutenant.

John Haas (1st Sergt.), John P. McMahon (Sergt.), William H. Quayle
(Sergt.), Xalhan D. White (Sergt.), Benjamin F. Dexter (Sergt.), Lewis
L. Davis (Corp.), Charles M. Turner (Corp.), Joseph J. Sohwind (Corp.),
James A. Bryan (Corp.) William Sims (Corp.), Marion A. Shane (Corp.).
Walter W, McMahon (Corp.), William H. Merrick (Corp.), Isaac A. Tif-
fany (Musician), Gaston G. Allen, James Brown, A.IC. W. Bennett, Albert
Brown, John W. Ball, William H. Brelsford, Peter J. Bochringer, John
W Blake, James G. Blake, William H. Crowl, Richard Carr, John Cow-
ell, Charles E. Dailey, George W. Douglass, John Douglass, Charles D.
Fo'ote, Henry C. Fonts. Frederick Fay, Jr.. Andrew J. Farrand, Frank
Granger, Joseph S. Grannis Philip Grotenrath, James E. Hoag, John G.
Hasserot, Frederick Hoffman, Albert Hartzell, John Hertzog, George B.
Hayward, Charles Ingle, Frederick Kintz, Jacob King, John Logan,
John Lynch, Benjamin Langeli, Edward Lindsley, Frank Miller, Jacob
Martin, Julius Miller, Frederick H. McGinness, Thomas Xeal, Erastus M.
Norton, Albert Porter, Joseph C. Peterson, Edmund T. Peck, Henry
Perrine, John P. Proudfoot, Charles W. Parmer, William H. RadclifCe,
Charles' W. Russell, Cornelius L. Russell, Theoeore C. Schenck, WilUam
N. Stevens, Benjamin Santord, Michael Smith, William H. Stephens,
Joseph Spier, Frank Townsend, John Thompson, Samuel Tyler, Arthur
Wright, Sanford Wheeler, George W, Wilson, David H. Walters, Thomas
J. Williams, Riall Perkins, Carlos Jones.

COMPANY C.

Louis 6. DeFoiest, Captain.

Marcus A. Hanna, First Lieutenant.

Ebsnezer B. Thomas (1st Sergt.), Henry A. Harvey (Sergt.), Jay C.
Morse (Sergt.), George W. Chapin (Sergt.), Charles H. Tucker (Sergt.),
Perry Prentiss (Corp.), John J. Wightman (Corp.), Edward S. Page
(Corp.), Henry T. Fenton (Corp.), Levi A. Sackett (Corp.), William H.
Wyman (C'lrp.). Alexander H. Mcintosh (Corp.), George A. Brown
(Corp.), Marcus Brockway, James Adams, Daniel M. Alvoid, KirkUn
Alberty, Arthur Ash, George W. Andrus, Charles S. Brainard, Hiram
M. Brown, George F. Bingham, Edward F. Baker, Titus A. Barnes, Rich-
ard Bush, Charles H. Cannon, Charles C. Carter, Thomas Cook, David
K. Clint, Linton Chamherlain, William Crowell, Orlando Garner, Cas-
eins M. Clark, James M. Coulter, Harvey H, Cox, Charles J. Dockstader,
Arthur DeLair, Frank A. Derthick, Louis H. Delano, Charles Foljamhe,
Mark H. Ferris, William Ferguson, Henry J. Ford, Henry M. Fay, Isaac
W. Gaylord, Charles T. Goodwin, Thomas E. Gill, Thomas Guy, Martin
Harrington, Daniel Heinde, Edward H. Harvey, Edward P. Hunt, Frank
W. Hoyt, Augustus F. Hills, Frank W. Hubby, Edward K. Hanscom,
Richard M. Iddings, William W. Kimball, William H. Kelley, George C.
Lyman, William F. Latch, George W. McMillan, Henry E. Morrison,
Henry E. Meyer, William Morris, Charles D. Morse, Herman Norton,
Elijah H. Norton, Nathan Payne, Chauncey Premiss, Luther M. Pease,
Charles Perkins, Charles J. Price, Andrew Porter, William P. Reid, Lo-
renzo A. Strong, George W. Segur, Henry G. Segur, Cassius P. Shepard,
Ashley D. Scolt, George E. Stewart, William H. Stillman, Frank B. Sted-
man, John S. Tennis, Ira D. Thorpe, Edmond Vaillant, Henry J. Virgil,
Henry P. Wolcott, John W. Wheeler, Thomas WaU, Augustus W. Whit-
timore, William R. Wall, Louis D. Wightman, WiUiam Ward, George H.
Lang, Robert R. Papworth, James Lang, Robert Lang.

COMPANY D.

John J Wizeman, Captain.

Jason Canfield, First Lieutnant.

George W. Whitehead, Second Lieutenant.

Alexander W. Davis (1st Sergt.), William Towner (Sergt.), Albert B.
Smith (Sergt.), Horace S. Pettingill (Sergt.), Howard H. Merriam ( Sergt.),
Jacob P. Urban (Corp.), Xewell S. Cozad (Corp.), S. M. Davis (Corp.),
James A. Gibbon (Corp.), O. L. Gayette (Corp.), Carlos M. Sturtevant
(Corp.), John L. Mcintosh (Corp.), John W. Gibbons (Corp.), George
W. Ansley, Samuel J. Baker, George Bell, William E. Bond, Frederick
H. Bond, Gilbert H. Brayton. Charles C. Brown, Richard Chandler,
William P. Chard, Frederick Crawford, Henry S. Call, Burton K. Cran-
dall, Lewis H. Chavalia, Edwin R. Date, Owen Dean, Charles H. Den-
zer, George E. Denzer, Charles DeWolf, Richard M. Dockstader, Win-
field S. Drake, William D. Dukes, George L. Englehart, Thomas Ester-
brook, William H. Earnest, Leonard Finster, Frederick Foltz, William
S. Foote, Edward F, Granger, Frederick C Haker, Garry L. Hardick,
George Hester, James B. Higbee, Charles L. Hull, bf arris Jaynes, John
Jacoby, Henry Krum, Alonzo Lacy, Merrill W. Lang, John Lan-
der, Edward Lewis, George H. Macey, Robert M. Murray, Smith A.
Marvin, William Mottage, Jesse Nichols, Arthur Odell. Edwin B. Par-
rish, Edward L. Pettit, George W. Pettey, Alfred H. Powell, Lorenzo
C. Powell, Frederick D. Pratt, Edward B. Rawson, Florance Reese,
H.'nry Rohrig, James W. Ross, James C. Ryan, James E. Ryder, Francis
Rhinehart, Ernest L. Schinckel, Wilson \. Shannon, William P. Shep-
ard, Henry R. Stegman, Charles E. Snyder, John J. Sebastian, Conrad
Ulrich, Charles M. Vorce, Charles G. Wagner, Hobart M. Walker
Joseph S. Wier, Owen B. Wickham, Dudley B. Wick, Harmon J.

Whaley, Charles J. Wibur, Jasper E. Williams, Edward O. Wolcott,
John Williamson.

COMPANY E.

Joseph B. Molyneaux, Captain.

John G. Parsons. Second Lieutenant.

Thomas A. Stow, Second Lieutenant.

Patrick H. CarrcU (1st Sergt.). Judson M. Bishop (Sergt.), Thomas
Whitehead (Sergt.), George E. Sanger (Sergt.), Michael Scaney (Corp.),
George Young (Corp.), James Madigan, (Corp.), George Hopper (Corp.),
William Denham (Corp.), Henry S. Page, (Corp.), George Bedford,
(Corp.), Theodore B. Newcomb (Corp.), Daniel Ayer, Miles Beebe, Wil-
liam h! Bush, Charles Brown, Louis Bodey, Erwin Brown, Caleb Billson-
George Breymaier, George F. Chapman. John Coleman, William Con-
nelly, Robert Congdon, William H. Date, Charles Dockstader, Andrew
Duty, Richard H. Davies, Charles Drum, James Dickinson. James Dur-
can, William W. Ellsworth, Samuel Evans, Joseph Fetger, Frederick
Glaser, Henry Ganson, William J. Gleason, Henry A. Hunt, Frederick
Hempy. James Holly, John Hoffman, Fred. H. .lones, Casper Kemer,
Joseph Kreher, William Keller, Thomas B. Kelly, Thomas S. Lane,
Frederick Lambert, Richard A. Jlilgate, John T. Miller, Alfred McClaim^
Leander Mclntyne, John H. McGuire, Russel Markler, Wilham McBride,
Alanson T. Osborn, Thomas A. Pearson, Harris Parker, Alfred H. Paine,
Edwin L. Pettit, John M. Rickey, Thomas H. Speddy, WilUam F. Scot-
ten. R. Freeman Thompson. Charles Tibbitts, George W. Tufts. John
Wooldridge, Samuel White, William H. Wadsworth, Henry Walther^
George Warden, William Wilson, Edward J . Woodward, John Yarhous,
George Johnson, John A. Norton.

COMPANY F.

Jeremiah Enswoith, Captain.

Edwin C. Rouse, First Lieutenant.

Charles J. McDowell, Second Lieutenant.

Frederick C. Farrand (1st Sergt.), Joshua B. Glenn (Sergt.), George,
Spangler(Sergt.),Chas. B. Fargo (Sergt.), Frederick Weidenkopf (Sergt),
Peter Diemer (Corp.), Henry W. Herwig (Corp.), Samuel P. Fox (Corp.),
Sidney F. Dickerman (Corp.), George Pollyblank (Corp.), Chas. P. Taupel
(Corp.), John Hart (Corp.), Nicholas Weidenkopf (Corp.). John N. Stew-
art, Otto Olker, Augustus A. Adams, Jr. . Thomas C. Bentley, Benjamin
Britton, Frederick Buhne, John Boldy, Patrick Barrett, Johnson J. Bur-
rows, James H. Bowles, William Curtis, Wilfred Creighton, Louis D.
Clarke, George B. Christian, Joseph Conkey, Charles H, Campbell,
Henry M. Dakin, Myron C. Douw, Henry Davis, Ed'.va d H. Frank, Sam '1
A. Griffen, Wm. M. Guy Edwin E. Guilford, Wm. A. Hopkins, Christian
L. Henricle, Geo. W. Hobbs, George Holderman, Joseph Higlen, Albert
Henry, George Johnson, Gustavus R. Janke, William H. Joyce, William
H. Keller, Moses Koch, Charles E. Kellogg, Hugh Lowry, Samuel Lock-
wood, Elbrldge J. McComber, William McReynolds. James MoKenzie,
Samuel Monteverdi, John A. Norton, James L. Newton, John Olker,
Ivory Plaisted, Stephen B. Palmer, J. Porter Rogers, John J. Euedy,
John T. Robinson, Floyd E. Sullivan, William Sanderson, Martin B.
Scott, Albert T. Slade, William Snyder, Caleb Turner, John C. Wiesman,
August Wiesman, Martin L. Wright, Moses G. Watterson, Frank Fair-
banks, William A. Wire. Joseph Anderton, Alfred W. Fell, Frederick A.
Skeels, Michael Williams, William Carman.

COMPANY G.

W. R. Nevins, Captain.

T. S. Lindsey, First Lieutenant.

H. E. Chubb, Second Lieutenant.

William Warmington (1st Sergt.), Charles Purcell (Sergt.), William
Redrup (Sergt.), Martin House (Sergt.), W. L. Porter (Sergt.), Frank
Weed (Corp.), George Kaighin (Corp.), William McNeil (Corp.), T.J. Lutz
(Corp.), Isaac Ralph (Coi-p.), Robert Rhodes (Corp.), J. F. AUen (Corp.),
Ira Sawtell (Corp.), Horace Allen, W. W. Alexi.nder, O. P. Ackley, Chas
H. Bennett, Jacob Bennett, N. Bickford, C. Buckmaster, H. U. Bessett^
A. L. Beswick, J. C. Bixby, William Brooks, George Bell, John Crowl,
George Cunningham, L. Cunningham, Wilbur Curtis, Edward Chubb,
G. B. Carey, William Caldwell, W. K. Campbell, William Conn, Henry
Davis. C. C. Edwards, J. B. Eastman, J. A. Eastman, A. B, French^
Louis Fisher, Samuel Folsom, J. N. Goulding, Henry George, William
Hawthorn, H. A. Hicks, George Henry, A. Hastings, Frank Jones, Ed-
ward Jenkins, A. Kidney, Charles Kaighin, David Lucas, T. C. Lambert,
William More, H. C. Morse, William Madison, O. Mayer, Samuel McDou.
gal, John Martin, George Neville, W. P. Neeley, B. L. Pennington, S. E.
Pennington, W. J. Pollock, A. Perrine, Frank Pennrich, J. Quellman,

C. F. Spencer, Adam Schott, J. E. Stephens, Henry Skinner, H. W.
Sackett, W. S. Thomas, Charles Tamblue, George Taylor, J. B. Updyke,

D. Van Druver, Thomas Vickers, H. V, Wilson, C. H. Williams, A. P.
Williams, A. E. Wilcox, H. H. Eichardson, L. M. Eeise, D. Rosenkrans^
J. H. Riskmeier, William Robbins, T. B. Conn, William S. Chase. Plim-
mon E. Bennett.

COMPANY H.

Samuel H. Baird, Captain.
Frank Dutton, First Lieutenant.
Edwin Dennison, Second Lieutenant.

James 51. Gates (1st Sergt.), Mather J. Lowman (Sergt.), Charles G.
Atwood (Sergt.), William G. McNally (Sergt.), Dan'l T. Carpenter (Sergt),

THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

153

Charles Lothman (Corp.), Daniel B. Andrews (Corp.), Israel B. Heller
(Corp.), Wilfred H. Tinker (Corp.), Stillman S. Scott (Corp.). Ephraim
Kloch (Corp.). William Button (Corp'.), Oliver K. Brooks (Corp.), Jotham
P. Abbott, John R. Armstrong, Allen T. Brinsmade, Henr.v Bobn, Chris-
topher Borger, Charles R. Butler, John R. Edwards, Myer Ehrlick, Alvin
L. Emerson, William Ehrlick, James C. Ellis, George Fuller, Daniel
Fowaigne, John H. Foote, William H. Ferriss, Hai-vey C. Gifford, George
R. Gale, Kelley N. Huston, Richard Horner. James C. Hall, John H.
Hoffmeier, Frank Ingraham, Frank Kohn Thomas J. Kahoe, Sanford
W. Lester John H. McGrath, Charles E. Merritt, James F. Meredith,
Moses Marx, Edward N. Marx, John Messer, Charles C. Rogers, Jr.,
Jonas Sloss, Jacob Schnurline, George R. Smith, Brutus E. Stockwell,
Edgar C. Tinker, Robert Weisman, Michael M. Weiner, Elijah F. Young,
George Zahn, Albert M. Parker, Darius S. Bowler, Wallace Baldwin,
Hiram Chapman, Asa H. Chamberlain,. Robert Carlysle, Almon Dewey,
WilHam B. Higby, Lorenzo fearris, John R. Hanford, Orrin Mills, Wil-
liam J. McConoughey, RoUin R. Men-ill, Frank O. Richards, Moses J.
Richards, Abel W. Sawyer, Warner E. Smith, Alfred Stevens, Albert M.
Smith, John F. Thomson, Robert Thomson, S. N. Wilson, Austin Church,
Solomon H. Gleason, Chester Hill, Frederick H. Dunham, Elijah Sorter,
George Strong, Vincent A. Taylor, Carlos M. Stone.

COMPANY I

Edwin Farr, Captain.

Jonas F. Rice, First Lieutenant.

John G. Fitch, Second Lieutenant.

Harvey Richardson (Corp.), Eli S. Martick (Corp ), Richarad Carpen-
ter (Corp.), James E. Parker (Corp.), Charles D. Knapp (Corp.), Joseph
Bammer, George W. Carpenter, Herbert Fitch, Philip Finley, Herbert
O. Kennedy, George W. Kennedy, Erastus Lilley, David Lewis, Robert
Lattimer, Roswell McKenzie, Herbert S. Nelson, John Perkins, Cassius
Stearns, Oscar D. Stearns, Asher Stearns, Henry E. Stearns, Comfort
B. Taylor, Bloomer D. Underbill, (.harles L. Underbill, Albert Wright,
Wm. Noble, Henry A. Ross, James P. Rice (1st Sergt.), Junius Sperry
(Sergt.), Daniel A. Brown (Sergt.), Marvin O. Taylor (Sergt. J, Charles
Doan(Corp.>, Charles G. Atwell, Lester Alexander, Chauncey Alexan-
der, Alex. Sorter, John S. Barker, Matthew Berry, Charles C. Bell,
John M. Cooley, Thomas Clayne, Hiram W. Colton, Benjamin Chap-
pell, John Colahan, Newell Ford, Lorenzo E. Frost, John Hawkins, Z.
S. Hall, Reuben Hall, Harvey Knapp. Myron Kellogg, John Kirk,
Edson H. McCarty. Philip Phillips, Oscar N. Parsons, James C. Porter,
James P. Reed, Amos Sperry, Hiram Smith. Jr , Joseph Stocking. Jr.,
George Standen, J oseph Sohillinger, Orpheus Smith, Frederick Tuttle.
Clark Williams, Thomas Williams, .Joseph White, Alfred Wolf, James
A. Potter (Sergt.), Edwin Martick (Corp.), William Andrews, Heze-
kiah Dailey, Henry Y. Southworth, Martin Sawyer, William T. Sprague-
Henry Steele, Daniel Winslow.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY B.

Charles F. Lee, enl. May 8, 181)4. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 9, 1864.
Benjamin Worthington, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY F.

Cyrus Arnett, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 9, 1864.
Charles E. Burr, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles T. Brown, enl. May 2. 18B4. Mustered out with the Co.
James N. Burdue. enl. May 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William C. Davis, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Carlos Norton, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

CHAPTER XXXI.

THE OWE TEAK IKTFAWTHY BEGIMENTS.

When and why they were raised— Their Previous Services— One Hun-
dred and Seventy-seventh Infantry- In Tennessee— A Fight before
Murfreesboro— Charging a Battery— Services in North CaroUna— Home
— Its Cuyahoga Men— One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Infantry— At
Murfreesboro. TuUahamo and Nashville — Discharged— The Cuya-
hoga Members— One Hundred and Ninety-third Infantry— In the Shen-
andoah Valley— Selected as Provost Guard —Disbanded — The Men
from Cuyahoga— One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Infantry— Id Vir-
ginia—In Garrison at Washington— Mustered out in October— The Cuy-
ahoga List — One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Infantry— At Harper's
Ferry and Winchester— On Provost Duty at Alexandria— Mustered out
—Its Cuyahoga List— Men of the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth In-
fantry—The One Hundred and Ninety -seventh the Last Regiment in the
Field— Assigned to Ninth Army Corps— On Duty at Washington, Dover
and Baltimore— Mustered out— The Cuyahoga Men— The One Hun-
dred and Ninety-eighth— Incomplete-Disbanded and Sent Home—
The Cuyahoga List.

During the autumn of 18C4 and the following
winter there was great need of men to replace those

lost by bullets, disease and other casualties of war,
yet the National authorities felt sure that with persis-
tent effort the already tottering confederacy could be
overturned within a year. They therefore did what
they had not before done, authorized the raising of
regiments to serve for one year, to aid in giving the
final blow to the slaveholder's rebellion. Twenty-six
such regiments numbered from One Hundred and
Seventy-three to One Hundred and Ninety-eighth in-
clusive, were raised in Ohio alone. Nine of these
contained representatives from Cuyahoga county,
whose records are given in this chapter. A large pro-
portion of the men and almost all of the oflScers had
served in other organizations, so that the regiments,
though new, were by no means "green," but able to
play their part with credit from the very first.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

The One Hundred and Seventy-seventh was organ-
ized at Cleveland in October, 1864, for one year's
service, and included three hundred and fifty-one
Cuyahoga-county men. On reporting to Major Gen-
eral Thomas at Nashville, the regiment was ordered
to Tullahoma, where it did garrison duty until Hood's
invasion, and then marched to Murfreesboro reach-
ing that place on the 2nd of December. In an en-
gagement with the Rebels before Murfreesboro on the
7th of that month the One Hundred and Seventy-
seventh displayed the utmost readiness for the con-
flict, and was for a brief period sharply engaged;
Milroy's command, of which it was a part, charging
the rebels behind breastworks, driving them away and
capturing two pieces of artillery. A few days after-
wards, while on a foraging expedition the regiment
charged a rebel battery and compelled it to retreat;
having, itself, eleven men killed and wounded.

After Hood was driven from Tennessee, the One
Hundred and Seventy-seventh was ordered to Wash-
ington, and was thence transported to Fort Fisher,
N. C, where it arrived on the 7th of February, 1865.
Subsequently the regiment participated in two attacks
upon the enemy's works and was engaged in the flank
movement which forced the rebels to evacute Fort
Anderson. It also fought the enemy at Twin Creek
and captured the entire command. Leaving Wilming-
ton after the surrender of that place, it joined Sher-
man at Goldsboro, and after the capture of Johnston
proceeded to Cleveland, where it was discharged on
the 7th of July, 1865.

MKMBERS FROM CCYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Arthur T. Wilcox, enr. as Col. Sept. 3-3, 1 864. Mustered out with the Reg

June 24, 1865.
W. H. Zimmerman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Ernest J. Kraeger, enr. as Major Sept. 23. 1864. Mustered out with Reg.
George C. Ketohum, enr. as Adjt. Sept. 27, 1864. Resigned May 20, 1865.
George B. Huston, enr. as 2d Lieut. Co B. Sept. 7, 1864. Promoted to 1st

Lieut, in Co. C, Jan. 28, 1865; and to Adjt. May 21, 1865. Mustered

out June 24, 1865.
James W. Raymond, enr. as R. Q. M. Sept. 7, 1864. Detached as A. A.

Q. M. upon Gen. Milroy's Staff Dec. 19, 1864.

154

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOOA COUNTY.

Sylvester S. Burrows, enr. as Surgeon Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered outwitli

the Reg.
Richard Edwards, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered out with

the Reg.
AT. A. Bivans, eur. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, 1864. Resigned Nov. 30, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Erasmus B. Abt, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. Prom, to Hosp. Steward April 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Herman G. Norton, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 21, 1864. Prom, to Sergt. Major

Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
William E. Edwards, enr. as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 19, 1864. Prom, to Com.

Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
James W. Wheelock, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 26, 1864. Prom, to Q. M.

Sergt. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Jacob Markt, enr. as Fifer Sept. 2, 1864. Prom, to Chief Musician Oct.

24, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY A.

William C. Turner, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to Capt.

Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24. 1865.
Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 19, 1864. Clustered out with the

Co. June 24, 1865.
Albeit J. Hamilton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Arthur DeLair, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Hugh A. Bowland, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Promoted (o Corp. Sept. 8, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Torbert P. Taylor, enl. Aug. 81, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 9. 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
George Adams, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Bisnett, enl. Sept. 5, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas J. Baldwin, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edmund Cheney, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Wounded Dec. 14, 1864. Mustered

out with the Co.
Theodore G. Chase, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustured out with the Co.
Nicholas Croll, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel L. Coe, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Wounded Dec. 14, 1864. Mustered out

with the Co.
John Chandler, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Silas G. Fickes, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Iletcher, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Jonathan Falor, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William Gannon, enl. Aug. 31, 1,S64. Mustered out with the Co.
Conrad Geiger, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John J. Geiger, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel W. Hoyt, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Russell B. Harley, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Wounded Dee. 14, 1864. Mustered

out with the Co.
Henry Helen, en). Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Phihp C. Jackson, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Eliab Karr, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Leslie S: Kellogg, enl. Sept. 5, 1864.

Samuel K. Long, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Thomas Roush, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Henry Rose, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Shoemaker, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Russell M. Shaner, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. May 29, 1865
Allen Shiflert, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Amos Shiffert, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Charles ToUzein, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Henry C. Witter, enl. Sept. 2, 1864.

Eugene A. Wilcox, enl. Aug. 89, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
John Bingham, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15

1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. '

Simeon Richards, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Transt. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15

1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. '

George E. Needham, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sept 8

1864. Mustered out with the Co. ' '

George E. Dunbar, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Daniel Vose, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
George J. Duncan, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.

Newton N. Cooley, enr. as Corp. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the
Co.

Charles S. Ruggles, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Horace D. Austin, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Samuel E. Gordon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Josiah Browning, eur. as Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co-
Thomas G. Rowell, enr. as Musician Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.

Frank M. Andrews, enr. as Musician Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Freeland H. Ames, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Left in Hosp. March 6, 1865.
Freeman Brooks, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Philo S. Bearkle, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward F. Brock, enl. Aug. 19, 1864.. Mustered out with the Co.
Oscar Briggs, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel E. Brooks, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Wounded near Murfreesboro,

Tenn., Dec. 7, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865.
William D. Butler, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph L. Brainerd, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Dorsy W. Burroughs, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John F. G. Cold, enl. Aug. 19, 18C4. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Chambers, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 87, 1865.
Francis M. Cochran, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Uo.
Edward Cowan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Deasy, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Warren Flick, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry M. Gould, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William Hewitt, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out "with the Co.
Eugene Holbrook, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William Hays, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Isaac J. Isenhart, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865.
Samuel Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch . June 7, 1865.
William Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William D . Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James R. ICittredge, enl. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Richard Keegan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out May 29, 1865.
Jacob L. Long, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Jefferson J. McMillan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George H. Mendall, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865.
William McLean, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James M. Morse, enl. Aug. 19, 1864 Mustered out with the Co.
Osceola R. Pease, enl. Aug. 19, 1864.

Henry A. Rock, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Oscar B. Ruggles, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch, June 12, 1865.
John Selby, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William Seymour, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Francis R. Shattuck, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,
Samuel S. Smith, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. Mustered out July 3, 1865.
Daniel W. Thomas, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
La Grange Tyler, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William J. Wright, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles B. Wiggins, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Leonard H. Cochran, enl,, Aug. 19, 1864. Killed by accident Jan. 23, 1865.
George Brainard, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Died on Hosp. Boat Jan 19, 1865.
Daniel Flick, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Died at Smithville, N. C, May 9, 1866.
Lafayette Perkins, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. for disability May 11, 1865.
James McDowell, enl. Aug, 19. 1864. Disch. May 31, 1866.
John L. Waldeck, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865.
\\ illiam E. Edwards. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

Isaac N. Rogers, enr. as Capt, Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co

June 24, 1865.
Julian H. Gates, enr. as 1st Lieut. Sept. 7, 1864. Disch. May 13, 1865.
George B. Huston. (See Field and Staff.)
Jere. G. Claflin, enr. as Sergt. Maj. Dec. 31, 1864 Promoted to 8d Lient_

Jan . 88, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Fred. W. Hoffman, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt_

Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas C. Bester, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Oct. 31, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Parley Sheldon, Jr., enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Charles H. Halsey, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Sersrt. Jan.

8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co .
John R. Sheets, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George Lewis, enr. as Corp. Aug. 26, 1884. Mustered out with the Co.
Roswell Jackson, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James W. Derthick, enr. as Corp. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Clarence M. Peck, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ephraim Clemens, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
John W. Fowl, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Joseph G. Kestler, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Frank A. Allen, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Harvey Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865.
Andrew Belcore, enl. Aug. 25, 1884. Mustered out with the Co.
Lyman Bryant, enl. Aug. 26, 1884. Mustered out with the Co.
Irving H. Burt, enl. Aug. 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ira D. Baker, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865.
Bowles Clark, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Benj. B. Ohadwick, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

THE ONE YEAR INEANTRY REGIMENTS.

155

John C. Durian, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Durian, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Isaac D. Dailey, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Harvey Depuy, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865.
Francis M. Dodge, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Andiew Elliott, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Left sick at Wilmington, N. C, March

4, 1865.
Sylvanus H. Fuller, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch, June 5, 1865.

Joseph R. Foster, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Absent on furlough since May 2,
1865.

■William E. Ford, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 . Mustered out with the Co.

Lewis W. Gillett, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

James W. Hooker, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out wlth'tbe Co.

David D. Hose, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Robert S. Hubbell, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William B. Hamlin, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Isaac Hose. enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Hall, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,

George Heifer, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph Huber, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Muttered out with the Co.

Newton Hutchins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

Myron L. Krum, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,

Hiram King, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph Kyoh, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Horace H. Lewis, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .

Henry Lippert, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out wiih the Co.

Mark Lewis, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Alden Laroe, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John W. Lindsey, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William C. Lane, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William H. Mahoney, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles P. Nash, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865.

John J. Sounds, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

George W. Eugg, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William B. Sickles, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 2, 1865.

Daniel Shubert, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph L. Sherman, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jeremiah Smith, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. July 7, 1865.

Emanuel Smith, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Hiram H. Thompson, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jabez S. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. June 20, 1865.

Conrad Wege, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph Weis, enl. Ang. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Wolgamot, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Yax, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Hiram Beebe, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Marion Coggswell, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Died at Camp Dennison, O., Jan.
27, 1865.

Jonathan Eeames, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Feb.
23, 1865.

Albert Hawkins, enl. Aug. 23 1864. Disch. for disability April 4, 1865.

Thomas Smith, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Disch. for disability May 11, 1865.

Joshua P. Todd, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Disch. for disability June 12, 1865.

Erasmus B. Abt. (See Non-com. Staff.)

William Jenkins, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15,
1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865.

Jacob Markt. (See Non-com. Staff.)

Jacob G. Orth, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15,
1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865.

Horace Upson, enr. as Drummer Aug. 12, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st
Reg., June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865.

James W. Wheelock. (See Non-com. Staff.)

Clark Decker, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865.

COMPANY O.

Daniel Matthews, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24,

1865.
Walter J. Nelson, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY D.

Franklin H. Carr, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24,

1865.
Jeremiah C. Moulton, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered oufr with the Co.
Peter Ryan, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Disch. for disabihty April 4, 1865.

COMPANY E.

Sherwood Wilcox, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co. June 24, 1865.
Joseph L. Oviatt, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 28, 1864.

Disch. from Hosp. May 3, 1865.
Farrington Case, ecr. as Corp, Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George L. Andrews, enJ. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Morris Blodgett, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Disch. July 6, 1865.
Frank D. Bailey, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Emory Case, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Oliver E. bewey, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ferris C. Hull, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Monroe Freeman, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. June 23, 1865.
Clinton B. Heather, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Spofford Heather, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Musrered out with the Co.
Henry Holcomb, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Prank Jones, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Livingston, enl. Aug. 29, 1-64. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick McNaraara, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Martin, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lyman Oviatt, enl. Aug, 29, 1864. Musiered out with the Co.
Edwin Powers, enl. Aug. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Martin Perrisville, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas L. Starkweather, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James H. Ackley, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Died at Smithvilie, N. C, Feb. 25,

1865.
William H. Reutter, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Died at Camp Dennison, C,

April 29. 1865.

COMPANY F .

Delos Elliott, enr. asSergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865.
Prank O. Richards, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Henry A. Hollister, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Disch. June 9, 1865.
Henry C. Eckert, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Addison A. Root, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Roderick McCormick, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Thomas C. Bentley, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Emmons J. Godfrey, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
William B. Miner, enr. as Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Asahel Chamberlain, enr. as Corp. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Edward T. Hayes, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
Isaac T. Ralph, enr. as Corp. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Luther M. Holloway, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Frank H. Deane, enr. as Musician Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
Alphonso Brock, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Alvin E. Becker, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Bryan, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Dillory, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Dancer, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam Earle, enl. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis Fisher, enl. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Grogan, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865.
Hugh Gray, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry A. Grubb, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. May 39, 1865.
Russell E. Griswold, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Disch. July 15, 1865.
Simon Green, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Clark C. Griffen, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Theophilus Glasser, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Hudson, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Hofmeister, enl. Sept. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph K. Harris, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Julius Hoskins, enl. Aug. 35, 1864.

Hammond Hellmer, enl. Sept. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Harris L. Jefts, enl. Sept. 23, 1864.
James F. Knight, enl. Sept. 20, 1864.

Shubal S. Marsh, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert Maxwell, enl. Aug. 81, 1864. Disch. June 1, 1895.
Alfred H. McClarin, enl. Sept. 10, 1864.

John McLaughlin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Isaac Onterkirk, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Abraham Olcott, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865.
David Peters, enl. Sept, 16, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Charles H. Eanney, enl. Sept, 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward P. Roggen, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out July 7, 1865.
Patrick Rowley, enl. Sept. 12, 1864.

John Reilly, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry W. Rymers, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out June 33, 1865.
Lemuel Root, enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Disch. Jime 1, 1865.
Michael Romarie, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Scrivens, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Jacob Sonneider, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David Throne, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Treep, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Terry, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James H. Waldo, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
August Kerr, enl. Sept. 17, 1864. Died at Murtreesboro, Tenn., Deo. 13

1864.
George Olcott, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Died ;in Hosp. N. Y. Harbor April 19,

1865.

15fi

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Jacob G. Rebber, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cape Fear River

Feb. 15, 1865.
James F. Bennett, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 20, 1865.
George F. Chapman, enl. Sept. .15, 1854. Disoh. May 24, 1865.
Herman 6. Norton. (See Non-com. Staff.)

Gabriel M. Betz, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co June 24, 1865.
Alfred J. Thurston, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
George Baird, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Robert E. Osborn, enr. as Musician Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with

the Co.
John Bragington, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Kennedy, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lyman F. Smith, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert Cochran, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 24, 1865.
Edwin E. Sumner, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 24, 1665.
John B. Betz, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865.

Charles P. Townsend, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 22,
1864, and to 1st Sergt. Oct. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June
24, 1865.

Andrew J. Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 22, 1864
Mustered out with the Co.

Ebenezer J. Baird, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 8, 1864.
Mustered out with the Co.

John R. Moore, enl, Sept. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Kenneth F. Davidson, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. April 30, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

William H. Avery, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jime 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Angelo Andrew, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

James E. Barr, enl. Aug. 31, 1864, Taken prisoner Dec. 14, 1864.

Jacob T. Barnett, enl. Aug, 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles S. Beckley, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Martin C. Bently, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

William Bolles, enl. Sept. 1. 1861. Mustered out with the Co.

David Bonesteil, enl. Sept. 6, 1864,

John Boughman, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John E. Carter, enl. Aug. 25, 1864.

John Cackler, enl. Sept. 8, 1864.

Charles A. Churchill, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Louis B. Clark, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.

Aimer H. Colvin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Simon Cay, enl. Sept. 5, 1854. Mustered out with the Co.

George Dalks, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Harvey E. Dustin, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Louis Gillespie, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Gilbert, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Absalom O. Halliwell, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John D. Hall, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Albert R. Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Robert Hogan, enl. Aug. 89, 1864.

Edmund Jenkins, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Chipman R. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.

Joseph P. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1K64.

Orris P. Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

George Mann, enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Orrin Markham, enl. Sept. r>, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Lester Robinson, enl. Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Christian Treep, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Disch. July 5, 1865.

George C. Blackwood, enl. Oct. 9, 1864. Disch. May 26, 1865.

COMPANY T

George B. Squires, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 30, 1864. Promoted to Oapt.

Oct. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 34, 1865.
Theodore B. Wise, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sep' . 10, 1864. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Oct. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Silas H. Kent, enr. as 2d Lient. Aug. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Bailey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Henry Strauhle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864. Clustered out with the Co.
Edwin H. Richman, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12. 1S64, Mustered out with the

Co.
Romanus Binkley, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Julius Boday, enl. Sept. 3, l'i64. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Boday. enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John T. Brown, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Melancton Binkley, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Hugh Boyd, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David Cohensparger, enl. Sept. 27, 1854. Mustered out with the Co
William H. Faulkner, enl. Sept. 27, 186 1. Mustered out with the Co
Washington Hoffman, enl. Sept. 14, 1864.

John Hartwell, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Irwin, enl. Sept. 27, 1864.

Almon Louden, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel M. Lutes, enl. Sept. 17, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Charles M. Lemengon, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Elliott T. Mellin, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Homer Overmine, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ansel Pomeroy, enl. Sept. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederic Shovar, enl. Sept. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Austin Tuttle, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Wilson, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Martin V. Faux, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to 181st Reg., Co. A, June 15,

1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865.
Luther Morton, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 18, 1865.

Transf. tol81stReg., Co. A, Junel5,186o. Mustered out July 14, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Charles W. Batchelder, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

June 24, 1865.
Jerry Belcher, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Justus J . Brockett, enl . Sept . 22, 1864 . Mustered out with the Co .
Cloyd Hull, enl. Sept. 23, 1854. Mustered out wit* the Co.
James Mattocks, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Horace Rockwell, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Gillmore. enl. Sept. 7, 1864 Died at Wilmington, N. C, March

7, 1865.
Alfred C. Hartson, enl. Sept. 19, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan.

31, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

The OneHnndretl aud Eighty-eighth was organ-
ized at Camp Chase, having been recruited during the
previous winter, on the 4tli of March, 1865, for the
term of one year. It contained one hundred and
ninety-two Cuyahoga county men. It reached Xash-
ville on the 9th of March, when it was ordered to
Murfreesboro, whence, after a two months' stay, it
proceeded to Tuliahoma. After a two months' so-
journ at Tullahoma, the regiment was ordered to
Nashville, where it remained until its muster out on
the 21st of September. It reached Camp Chase on
the 24th, and on the 28th was paid and discharged.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Perry C. Taylor, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July 1, 1865.

Mustered out Sept. 31. 1865.
Daniel W. Zehner. enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. July 1,

1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.

COMPANY B.

John H. McGrath, enr. as Capt. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the

Co. Sept. 21, 1865.
George E. Sanger, enr. as 1st Lieut. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co.
Ransom D. Burton, enr. as 1st. Sergt. March 4, 1865. Promoted to 2nd

Lieut. July 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John T. Miller, enr. as Corp. Feb. 4, 1865. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug.

1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James McLaughlin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co.
Alonzo B. Stroud,' enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1,1865.

Mustered but with the Co.
Charles Tibbitts, enl. Jan. 10, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
David D. Towner, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Theodore Jloore, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Moses W. Bailey, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James C. Palmer, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas C. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Promoted to Coip. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
John Rerchek, enl. Feb. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
WiUiam W. Salisbury, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Stephen S. Parr, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865.

Disch. Sept. 7, 1865.

THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

157

John Ackerman. enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Asa A. Adams, enl. Feb, 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
H. Blackford, enl. Jan. 10. 1865. Mustei'ed out with the Co,
David Bohm, enl. Jan. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Benjamin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William P. Barber, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank Butler, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Oliver Brake, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Beals, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Perry Cackler, enl. Jan. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Cochhn, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank Couvrette, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick R. Chilson, enl. Feb. 82. 1866. Disci). Sept. 4, 1865.
Luther M. Clark, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Eli A. Dayton, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Disch. Sept. 11, 1865.
Fred I. Douthiel, enl. Feb. 20 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William P. Dunning enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Djsch. Sept. 4, 1865.
D. H. Freeman, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George Gardner, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Holbrcok, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Disch. Aug- 2], 1865.
Fred. E. Humphrey, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Jones enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Johnson, enl. Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Casper Korner, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis Kohl, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William O. Lyman, enl. Feb. 20, If 65. Disch. Aug. 23, 1865.
Henry W. Love, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Ervan Murphy, enl. Jan. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Mooney, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Mack. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Fred. A. Mansfield, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Bryan Martin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John H. Miller, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Disch. Sept. 13. 1865.

John Mosur, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Malone, enl. Feb. 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael McGue, enl. 'Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Null, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Nicholas Neigler, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Adam Ott, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered'out with the Co.

John H. Parr, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Fletcher, enl. Jan. 14, 1H65. Mustered out with the Co.

James H. Paige, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Benj. F. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Isaac N. Reid. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Ray, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Shea, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Schood, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

WiUiam Tropplett, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

A. D. Thomas, enl. Feb. 20, 1665. Mustered out with the Co.

John B. Uller, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1866.

Philip Wellyard, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Weick, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George W. Wright, enl. Feb. 81, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865.

Albert Wynkoop, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Weeks, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Williams, enl. Feb, 7, l!S65. Mustered out with the Co.
George Green, enl. Feb. 6, 1866. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 22, 1866.
Alanson Palmer, enl. Feb. 14, 1866. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 23;

1865.
Alexander Paterson, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn.,

April 19, 1865.
Warren L. Judd, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June

19, 1865.
Andrew W. Duty, enl. Feb. 6, 1866. Prcmoted to 2d Lieut.
Jonathan R. Chaffee, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disoh. tor disability May 83, 1865.
Henry E. Phile, enl. Feb. 18. 1865. Disch. June 8, 1865.
Charles Brown, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1865.
Ezekiel Y. Flowers, enl. Feb. 26, 1865. Disch. Aug. 31, 1865.

COMPANY E.

Alexander Mcintosh, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 6, 1865. Promoted to Capt,
March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865.

Charles W. Baxter, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with
the Co.

Charles Scott, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

William J. Pollock, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 13, lf65. Mustered out with the
Co.

Edwin W. Phinney, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 24, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865.

Henry L. Blair, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1885. Promoted to Sergt. July 1,
1865. Disoh. Sept. 3, 1865.

EUsha Frayer, enl. Feb. 30, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1. 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

William Marshal, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. Sept. 26, 1865.

Alanson Husony, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co

F. G. Minor, enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Odell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

20 a

Vemeuil Minor, enr. as Corp_. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Louis Anderson, enl. Feb. l?) 1865, Disch. Sept. 4, 1865.
John Ambs, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the C i.
John Beswick, enl. Feb. 17. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Francis W. Bradley, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Cornwall N. Brill, enl. Feb. 24. 1865. Mustered out wit ' the Co.
Daniel Cullour. enl. Feb 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Dodsworth, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John G. Dorsh, enl. Feb. 13. 1866. Disch. Oct. 17, 1865.
Joseph Davis, enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George H. Everett, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George B. Foster, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Stewart Gaylord, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Giles Gregory, enl. Feb. 13 1865. Mustered out Sept. 13, 1865.
Warren Hende- shot, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Casper Hummell, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George L. Hudson, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William M. Houck, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Hartman, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 13, 1865.
Joseph W. Kirby, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Clustered out with the Co.
Conrad Litzell, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas G Morgan, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew MoGrun, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Ruple. enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co
George Spangler, enl. Jan. 23, 1866. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Stephens, enl. Jan. 13, 1865." Mustered out with the Co.
Anthony Smith, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Felling, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustfred cut with the Co.
John Valentine, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
G. Waters, enl . Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob Wolf, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Orlando B. Welch, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward G. Beswick, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn.,

April 6, 1865.
John M. Beswick, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn., June

81, 1866.
Samuel Pinker, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, May 10, 1865.
Sidney Western, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Died at TuUahoma, Tenn., May 21,

1865.
Asa C. Adams, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Disch. Aug. 18, 1865.
Patrick Burk, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1865.
Amos Clark, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Disch. July 22, 1865.
Porter Greenfield, enl. Feb. 15, 1866. Disch. May 8-2, 1866.
James H. Husony, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. July 13, 1865.
Reuben McClellan, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Disch. July 18, 1865.
Lawrence Pflster enl. Feb. 13. 1865. Disch. Aug. 22, 1865.
William Quayle, enl. Feb. 16, 1866. Disch. July 4, 1865.
John W. Ridgeman, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Disch. May 22. 1865.
Harvey Ruple, enl. Feb. 15, 1866 Disch, May 16, 1865.
Dudley Ruple, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Disch. July 22, 1866:
William T. Wheeler, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Disch. May 83, 1866.
Perry C. Taylor. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
James McMahan, enl. Feb. 6, lb'65. Disch. Aug. 81, 1865.

COMPANY G.

John F. Kennedy, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 5, 1865. Promoted to Capt.
March 4, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865.

George W, Voice, enr. as 1st Lieut. March 4, 1865. Resigned June 13,
1865.

Andrew W. Duty. enl. Feb. 6. 1865. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 3,
1865, and to 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21.
1866.

Sidney P. Sinclair, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 4. 1865. Died at Murfrees-
boro, Tenn., April 2, 1865.

John T. Zenner, enr. as 1st Sergt. March 4, 1865. Promoted to 2d Lieut.
July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George King, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 26, 1865. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Andrew Rick, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Marks, enl. Feb. 80, 1866. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Jacob Fraelier, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Henry E. Bohm, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

James Dixon, enr. as Corp. Jan. 26, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles R. Snnborn, eur. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with Co.

Alexander Graham, enr. as Corp. Feb. 8, 1365. Mustered out with Co.

Henry Rohrig, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Thomas Bradbeer. enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry C. Breckenridge, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Bell, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Samuel Bickford, enl. Feb. 7, 1805. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry J. Becker, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry J. Burns, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.

Thomas Conway, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Cragg, enl, Feb. 14, 1866. Mustered out with the Co.

158

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Joseph Cathcart, enl , Feb. as, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Darius Deeds, enl. Feb 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael D. Rukenbrod, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

James Ely, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Diseh. Sept. 13, 1865.

Albert L. Fritsoher, enl . Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John A. Ferguson, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Foster, enl. Feb. 6, 186.3. Mustered out with the Co.

Eufus Foster, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

"VViiliam Fermenger, enl. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Gehringer, enl. Jan. 11. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Calvin Gaines, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co.

Patrick Gillespie, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Go.

Christian Hahn, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Harrington, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Hof richter, enl. Jan. 28, 1863 . Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas J. Jacobs, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles W. Lyman, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry D. Leonard, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Lane, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Allen Morrison, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865.

Wilham Myer, enl. Jan. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Adam Ottinger, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Raquett, enl. Jan . 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Schrauer, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles Side, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles P. Smith, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Wright, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Wenner, enl. Jan. .31, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865.

Isaac A. TUEany, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn March 20

1665.
Joseph N. Brown, enl . Feb. 10, 1865. Died at Nashville, July 29, 1865.
Philip J. Probeek, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Disch. for disability May 13, 1865.
Charles Vradeuburg, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Disch. for disability May 28

1865. '

Hiram Bump, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Disch. for disability Aug. 23 1863
Michael Eichardson, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Disch. for disabihtv Aus 22

1865. . ,7 s. ,

John G. Edson, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. for disability June 19. 1865.
Daniel VV. Zehner. (See Non-Com. StaJT.)

COMPANY 1 .

John H. Hoffmeier, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 4, 1865. Resigned June 23

1865.

ONE HUXDEED AXD EIGHTY-NINTH INFANTEY.

COMPANY F.

John B. Heckler, enl. Jan. 16, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 17 1865

Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 28, 1865.
Frederick Wizeman, enl. Jan. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 18 1865

Mustered out with the Co.
William Wilbor, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Promoted to Corp. June 14, 1865

Mustered out with the Co .
Matthew Wilbor, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael GaUagher, enl. Feb. 26, 1863. Disch. from Hosp. July 13, 1865.

ONE HUXDEED AND NINETY-THIRD INPANTEY.

But sixty-nine men entered the One Hundred and
iS'inety-third from Cuyahoga county. The regiment
was organized at Camp Chase in March, 1865, for one
year's service, and departed at once for the Shenan-
doah valley. After reaching Charlestown, near Har-
per's Ferry, it was organized with other regiments
into a brigade and marched up the valley to Win-
chester, where it remained until after the surrender of
the Rebel forces. General Sickles complimented the
drill of the One Hundred and Ninety-third by select-
ing it for provost-guard duty at Winchester in which
.service it continued until mustered out. After that
It proceeded at once to Camp Chase, where it was dis-
charged on the 9th of August, 1865.

ilEilBEES FE03I CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY I.

William C. Neagle, enr. as 1st Sergt. March 7. 1865. Mustered out with

the Co. Aug. 4, 1865.
John C. Watson, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865

Mustered out with the Co.

George 0. Morris, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 13, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co
Benjamin Langell, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Charles H. Bull, enl. Feb. It, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 12, 1865,

and to Sergt. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Wilhams, enr. as Corp. Feb. 26, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co.
Benjamin Britton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James McGregor, enr. as Corp. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Cornelius Minahau, enr. as Corp. March. 7, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co.
Lorenzo W. Twitchell, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Roadhouse, enl. March 4, 1865 . Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Aiken, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Rody Anst, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Bennett, enl. Feb. 15, 1883. Mustered out with the Co.
Warren Ball, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George H. Beardsley, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Colyer, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Cummings, enl. Feb . 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert H. Carlysle, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Amzi J. Day, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Eilar, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Eaton, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John G. Goetz, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Gray, enl. Feb. 25, 1865 . Mustered out with the Co.
James H. Green, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with Co.
James T. Hastin s, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hemler, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hardy, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Halligan, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James A. Haymaker, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Hopkins, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George Hagerling, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Jenkins, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Jenkins, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Gottlieb Kaber, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Keneley, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with tlie Co.
Benjamin T. Love, enl. March 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Warren Morris, enl. Feb. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis Maule. enl. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam Morgan, enl. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Nicholas Meyer, enl. March 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William McKane, enl. Feb. 88, 1863. Absent sick at the muster out.
Robert McCormick, enl. Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John McKenna, enl. Jiarch 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles L. Oberley, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Pierce, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Musteied out with the Co.
John Perew, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick H. Quinn, enl. Feb. 28. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
D. Rosekraus, enl. Maich 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Solomon Rhinehart, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Nicholas Reis, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Johnson Russell, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George Strong, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Sebastian H. Snoball, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Sherman, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederic C. Senghas. enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Eugene D. Smith, enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Sweeney, enl. Feb. 14, 1?65. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis Turner, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William K. Thompson, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henrr Wagner, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Hadley, enl. Feb. 20, 1863. Disch. June 19, 1865.
Charles Willard, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865.
Perley Brush, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Died at Camp Chase, 0., April 3, 1865.
James T. Horton, enl. Feb. 3, 1863. Died at Wheeling, West Va , April 16

1865.
Isaac Weber, enl. Feb. 18, 1863. Died in Hosp. July 26, 1865.
Edward K. Hanscom, enl. Feb. 14, 1865.
Addison M. Hotelling, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 13, 1865. Mustered out

with the Co.
Charles M. Russell, enr. as Capt. March 12, 1865. Mustered out with Co,

ONE HUNDRED AND XIN^ETY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

Fifty-one men from Cuyahoga county enlisted in
this regiment. It was organized at Camp Chase for
one year's .service in the forepart of Marcli, 1865, and
immediately proceeded to Charlestown, Va., where it
^•as assigned to Major General Egan's division. The

THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

159

surreuder of Lee's army cut off all opportunity for
the "regiment to engage in field service, and after re-
turning to Washington it performed garrison duty
there until mustered out on the 24th of October,
1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY F.

William Sims, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Jan. 12, 1865. Prom. toCapt. March 14,

1865, Mustered out with the Co.
Edward K. Hanscomb, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Co. F,
194th Inf. Meh. 13. 1865, and to 1st Lieut. July 9, 1865. Mustered out
Oct. 24, 1865.
Frank H. Burnham, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jan. 18, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co. Oct. 24, 1665.
James Amott, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George Keisen, enr. as Sergt, Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Nolan, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.
Abram Pernie, enr. as Corp. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Eoswell McKinzie, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles K. Wells, enr. as Corp. Feb. 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Wheeler, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865.
Mustered out witli the Co.

John J. Wright, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 13, 1865,
Mustered out with the Co,

Henry Neef, enl. March 1, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

David G. Bigelow, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George Beardling, enl. Feb. 21, 1865., Mustered out with the Co.

Edward Brady, enl. Feb. 27,^ 1865. Mustered out with the Co,

Adam Boah, enl, Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Cummings, enl. Feb, 18, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.

John Chambers, enl. Feb. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Cochran, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Gottfried Grim, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Graif, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry HoUinger, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Edward Herbert, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Philip Hoch, enl. Feb. 35, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Kahl, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

PhiUp Kuntz, enl. Feb. 28. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Kindley, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Kallakey, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

William G. Matthews, enl. Feb. 14, 1866. Mustered out with the Co.

Nicholas Milliman, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Meyer, enl. Feb. 11, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Myers, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John S. Naef , enl. March 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.

George H. Pettingill, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Daniel Pitkin, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Albert Rodig, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Gottlieb Both, enl. Jan. 16, 1665. Mustered out with the Co.

Morris Schneider, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Frederick Schwab, enl. Feb. 22, 1865, Mustered out with the Co,

Patrick Sohooency, enl. Jan, 23, 1865, Mustered out with the Co,

Conrad Wagner, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Boyer, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. May 18, 1865.

John Nickel, enl. Feb.. 18, 1865. Disch, June 22, 1865.

George Stokes, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. May 16, 1865.

Manly Cole, enl. March 1, 1865. Disch. from Hosp, March 14, 1865.

Paul Perry, enl, Feb. 5, 1865. Left in Hospital at Cumberland, Md., July
16, 1865.

Charles Daly, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 23,
1865.

Daniel Schwab, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Disch. May 19, 1865.

Martin Thompson, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Disch. May 23, 1865.

Cordan Cherry, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Disch. May 23, 1865.

Chauncey E. Bryoe, enl. March 1, 1865. Died at Harper's Ferry July 25.
1865.

George W. Hurd, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. May 29, 1863.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

This regiment was recruited in March, 1865, for a
service of one year, and had forty-four Cuyahoga-
county men in its ranks. Leaving Camp Chase di-
rectly after its organization, the One Hundred and
Ninety-fifth reached Harper's Ferry on the 35th of
March, and, after doing garrison duty at that point a
few days, went into camp at Winchester, Va. After

Lee's surrender the regiment was ordered to Alexan-
dria, and there did provost-guard duty until the mus-
ter-out at Washington in December, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Charles H. Babcock, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Q. M. March 20, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Reg. Deo. 18, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Edward VaiUaut, enr. as Capt. March 20, 1863. Mustered out with

the Co.
Andrew J, Hering, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 20, 1865. Resigned Nov. 2,

1865.
Henry Gayer, enr. as Sergt, March 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Dec. 18, 1865.
Joseph Conkey, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Nathaniel G, Foster, enr. as Sergt. March, 7, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co.
James D. Chapman, enr. as Sergt. March 4, 1865, Mustered out with

the Co.
Monroe D. Thomas, enr. as Corp. March 6, 1865, Mustered out with

the Co,
George Montague, enr, as Corp, March 9, 1865. Died Dec, 1865.
James C. Ryan, enr. as Corp. March 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Jacob A. Miller, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1865. Absent at time of muster

out.
Charles iCook, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1865. Absent at time of mus-
ter-out.
George Asken, enl, March 6, 1865, Mustered out with the Co,
Michael Behan, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,
John J. Babbitt, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Lester C. Beardsley, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Nicholas P. Eighmy enl. March 7, 186B. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Fay, enl. March 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Benj. F. George, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Gates, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Gowman, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,
Smith A. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred B. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles T. Higgins, enl, March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles N. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Franklin J. Kirk, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Theodore Little, enl. March 7, 1865.
Burnett Lewis, enl. March 9, 1865.

Michael Manny, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry M. Messer, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Seeley Mount, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John J. Neville, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles E. Reader, enl. March 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
John Simmons, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick A. Skeels, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Nathan Soule, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,
Theron C. Soule, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank B. Storer, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Fayette L. Thomas, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Levi Turoott, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert Taite, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter S. Wright, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Zimmer, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John A. Ryan, enl. March 6, 1865. Disch. for disability June 82, 1865.
Albert S. Sherman, enl. March 7, 1865. Disch. June 29, 1863.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH INFANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF,

Eben S, Coe, enr. as Capt. Co. H, 124th Inf., Nov. 17, 1862. Promoted to
Lieut. Col. 196th Inf. March 26, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865.

COMPANY H.

John H. Inman, enr, as Corp, March 11, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.

Sept. 11, 1863.
Enoch Allerton, enr, as Corp, March 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.
George W, Miller, enr. as Corp. March 13, 1865.
John Brown, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Colton, enl. March 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,
Anthony Ernst, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Schwemler, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William A, Wilcox, enl. March 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
Philip Houck, enl. JIarch 10, 1865. Disch. June 3, 1863.

160

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

OXE HUNDRED AND KIXETT-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

The One Hundred and Ninety-seventh was the last
regiment sent to the field from Ohio, and was re-
cruited to a total strength of one thousand and six
men, of whom forty-nine were from Cuyahoga county.
All but five of its officers, and about half of its men,
had seen service.

The regiment was organized April I'i, 1865, for
one year, and on the 25th left Camp Chase for
Washington. The war being then practically over,
the One Hundred and Ninety-seventh had no chance
to earn especial distinction. It was assigned to the
Ninth army corps, and after spending a few days in
camp near Alexandria returned to Washington. It
soon left for Dover, Del., when it lay in camp four
weeks. From that time until July 31st — when it was
mustered out at Baltimore — the regiment did guard
duty along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio rail-
road, and at the camps, forts and hospitals in and
near Baltimore.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Gei-fhom M. Barber, enr. as Lieut. Col. April 12, 1865. Mustered out

with the Eeg. July 31, 1865.
George W. Pease, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1S65. Mustered out with

the Reg.

COMP.ANY D.

William Hubbard, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15, 1866. Mustered out with the

Co. July 31, 1865.
John Hogan, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co .

COMPANY F.

Harry W. Jones, enr. as Lieut. April 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Addison M. Bloom, enr. as 1st Sergt. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with
the Co. July 31, 1865.

Jeremiah B. Black, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with Co.

Spencer C. Norton, enr. as Corp. Feh. 24, 1865. Mustered out with Co.

George "W. Wadsworth. enr. as Corp. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with
the Co.

John Owen, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 8, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Eugene Adams, enl. March 34, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Lemuel H. Barney, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Joseph R. Baker, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Clustered out with the Co.

Wesley Booth, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Wallace C. Davis, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

David Evans, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael Epple, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Stephen Farren, etil. March 3, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.

Franz Herberger, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Howesworth, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Gustave Houpt,*enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Kirehner, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George W. Ketchum, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Dsch. 3Iay 82, 1865.

Charles Larish, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

William Lillie, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John M. Moore, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

S. E. Manly, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Abram Martin, enl. Feb. -27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

George C. Morgan, enl. Feb. *2?, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas McDermott, enl. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Bartholemew Neumour. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Bradley Pelton, enl. March 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

David Poulette, enl. March 3, 1865. Died at Cleveland. O., Aug. 20, 1865.

Carl Peterson, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Michael Renschler, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Sharpcott, enl. March 2, lSfi5. Mustered out with the Co.

Oscar Simmonds, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Schacterle, enl. Feb-. -23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Taupell, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,

Carl Worthele, enl. Jan. 3s, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Smith Kingsbury, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. July 27, 1865.

James Cullen, enl. March 2, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865.

James Miller, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Disch. for disability June 14, 1865.

Gustave Riohler, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865.

Henry Dunwell, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Died at Camp Chase, 0., June 13, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Charles H. Bellinger, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

July 31, 1865.
Nicholas Streator, enl Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 31,

1865.
Eli M. Jennings, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George Shafer, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

But eight companies of this proposed regiment had
been recruited at Camp Chase when, the war being
declared at an end, the companies were disbanded and
the men departed for their homes. Of the enlist-
ments into the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth,
fifty-one were from Cuyahoga county.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY B.

Andrew J. Raynor. enr. as 1st Lieut. April 21, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co. May 8, 1865.
John H. Brooks, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out wih the Co.
John Cass, enl. March 13, 1835. Mustered out with the Co.
Calvin C. Carr, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John A. Fitzwater, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Sharon P. Inman, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Kelley, enl. March 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
David H. McCrary. enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick McGree, enl. March 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Roberts, enl. April 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Benj. F. Ray, enl. March 16, 1865. JIustered out with the Co.
Minot Stebbins, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Q. A. Samson, enl . March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William X. Smith, enl. March 21, 1865. Musteredout with the Co.

COMPANY D.

Perry Prentiss, enr. as Capt. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co

May 8. 1865.
Edgar J. Woodward, enr. as 1st Lieut. Mustered out with the Co.
James D. W. Mandeville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. April 22, 1865. Mustered out

with the Co.
Conrad Busch, enl. March 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Byron H. Bosley, enl. March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Baisch, enl. March 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Edwin M. Bailey, enl. March 35. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert Curphey, enl. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Dunn. enl. April 4. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William R. Dyson, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Fritz, enl. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Hacker, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hawkins, enl. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Willis M. Hepburn, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Hamlin, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Hellmer, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James H. Kincaide, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William D. Keller, enl. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Martin L. Keller, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Koneman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Magridge enl. March 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
WUUam Meyer, enl. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Hart Newhall, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out -with the Co.
James P. Nichols, enl. March 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James O'Connor, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
William Price, enl. March 37. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Schwab, enl. March 29. 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Christian Schwartz, enl. March 28, 1665. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Schloman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred Schring, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles D. Towner, enl. April 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Conrad Walmser, enl. March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Wagner, enl. April 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Werkmeister, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Whitworth, enl. March 37, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James Wilson, enl. April 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
John Zimmerman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

THE SHARPSHOOTEKS.

]61

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE SHAEPSHOOTBHS.

The Governor's Intention— Capt. Barber's Cuyahoga Company— Other
Companies— The Test of Admission— A Battalion organized— It joins
Boseerans — Two more Companies — At Chickamauga/— Covering J. C.
Davis' Retreat — Ordered to protect the Boad — Looking over the
Ground— Taking Position- The Duel across the Biver— The Eebels
retreat— Various Scouts— On a Gunboat— A Rebel Spy— A Dangerous
Boad— A Texan Ambush— The Sharpshooters driven out of Town-
Shelling the Place— The Torch— A Texan Charge repulsed — Other
Gunboat Service — Joining Sherman — Guarding the Ammunition —
Back with Thomas — Captain Barber mustered out — The Battalion
mustered out— Names of the Cuyahoga Sharpshooters.

In the autumn of 1862 Gov. Tod undertook to raise
ten independent companies of sharpshooters, to serve
on special duty, without field officers. Capt. Gershom
M. Barber raised a company which was largely com-
posed of residents of Cuyahoga county, and which
was denominated the Fifth Independent Company of
Sharpshooters. The Sixth and Seventh companies
were also recruited in this county; the captains hav-
ing free access to the large camp of drafted men at
Camp Cleveland. A portion of their men were actual
residents of the county, though generally credited to
other counties in which the captains resided. The
Ninth and Tenth companies were also largely com-
posed of Cuyahoga-county men, but, as previously
stated these were mustered into the Sixteenth In-
fantry and served with that regiment.

On the companies being completed, the Fifth, Sixth
and Seventh were organized in a battalion, and Capt.
Barber, as the senior officer, was placed in command.
The men were all picked with reference to their
physical ability, and before being mustered each was
required to make a "string" of not exceeding twenty-
five inches in five shots, at one hundred yards off-hand
or at two hundred yards at a rest. Their uniform
was the same as that of the infantry, except that the
trimmings were green, and they were armed with Spen-
cer's seven-shooting rifies.

They remained at Camp Cleveland, drilling as in-
fantry and also practicing at the target, until March,
1863, when they joined Rosecrans' army at Murfrees-
boro, and were attached to the general's headquarters
for special service. The battalion was never brigaded,
but remained permanently attached to the headquar-
ters of the Army of the Cumberland throughout the
war; being detailed on special duty whenever neces-
sary. The battalion was there joined by the Fourth
and Eighth Independent companies; the whole being
under the command of Capt. Barber. The Fourth
company, however, was detached just before the bat-
tle of Chickamauga.

At that battle two companies, of which the Fifth
was one, were in charge of the department headquar-
ters. On Sunday, the third day of the fight, while
they were on their way, under orders, to join Gen.
Rosecrans, and while in rear of Gen. Jefferson C.
Davis' division, there was a general break along the
Union lines, and that division retreated; leaving the
sharpshooters directly in front of the enemy. Unable
to join Rosecrans, Capt. Barber reported to Davis,

who ordered him to fall back four hundred yards and
form line of battle. He did so, and Davis attempted
to rally his division in the rear. It broke, however,
and a similar order was again sent to Capt. Barber
and obeyed. Four times the sharpshooters formed in
line and engaged the enemy's advance; thus covering
the retreat of Davis' division, and at length following
it from the field.

"When, after that battle, the rebels cut off the sup-
plies from the army at Chattanooga, Gen. Rosecrans
had a road built westward along the north side of the
Tennessee. But the rebel sharpshooters from across
the river, at the point where it passes through the
Cumberland mountains, broke up the first supply
train ; killing many of the men and horses. A regi-
ment of Kentucky infantry and a battery of artillery
both proved unable to protect the exposed point.
Capt. Barber was then ordered to detail fifty men for
that purpose. He obtained permission to go in com-
mand himself.

Taking his detail to the locality on the rainy after-
noon of the 13th of October, 1863, he went over the
exposed road, attended only by a guide, to lay out his
plans. Nearly a hundred shots were fired across the
river at the two men, but by keeping on the move
they escaped injury. Having thus ascertained just
where the enemy was posted, the captain at three
o'clock the next morning led his men on to the
ground, and stationed them in squads opposite the
positions occupied by the rebels.

At dawn both parties began firing across the river.
A series of lively duels was kept up until ten o'clock,
at which time the rebels withdrew up the mountain,
leaving Capt. Barber and his men complete masters
of the position. Only one man was wounded and he
but slightly. They afterward learned from spies and
prisoners that the rebels suffered very severely in
killed and wounded before they abandoned the posi-
tion. The detachment was joined by the rest of the
battalion, and held the ground in question until
Hooker's two corps arrived and communications were
entirely restored.

At Mission Ridge the sharpshooters were held in
reserve. After that, they were at headquarters most
of tlie time till the first of May, 1864, though they
were engaged in a protracted scout between the hos-
tile lines in February, and the Fifth and Eighth
companies were located forty miles up the Tennessee,
to protect Union citizens, during part of March and
April.

From about the first of May until the first of July
the battalion manned a gunboat in the Tennessee, to
keep the banks and vicinity clear of rebel guerrillas
and raiding parties.

On the 12th of May about sixty-five men came near
being massacred through the management of the pilot
of the gunboat, who turned out to be a rebel spy.
The negro huts and storehouses of a plantation on
the south side of the Tennessee had been made the
headquarters of a body of Texas Rangers, who were

162

GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

accustomed to cross the river, do what injury they
could to the Union forces and return thither. Cap-
tain Barber determined to clear them out. The pilot
suggested, and the captain agreed, that the boat
should lie near the town, as it was called, through
the night, then land below it and march up the river
road, under the protection of the boat, to attack it.

In the night the pilot got ashore, and warned the
rebels what they might expect. On landing, the
captain found the river road so favorable to ambush,
and so little protected by the gunboat, that he struck
across to another. On the sharpshooters nearing the
forks of the two roads, near a hundred Texans sprang
np out of the ambush in which they had placed them-
selves on the river road. Thirty or forty shots were
fired on a side, when the rebels fled. The sharp-
shooters advanced into the so-called town, and at-
tacked a store-house filled with plunder from the
other side of the river. Immediately the rebels, con-
cealed in other houses and in masked works on the
hillside, opened a heavy fire, driving the Unionists to
the shelter of the gunboat, with a loss of three killed
and wounded. The negroes were then warned to leave,
and the gunboat shelled the town from end to end,
soon driving out the rebels. Afterwards a detachment
was sent ashore to burn it, as was done to all houses
from which the Union troops were fired on. The rest
of the sharpshooters landed to repel attacks. The
Texans, not knowing of the covering party, charged
across an open space to destroy the burners. The
sharpshooters met them with a terrific fire from be-
hind cover, with their Spencer rifles, and more than
half the assailants were killed or wounded. These
operations entirely broke up the nest of marauders
which had previously lurked in the vicinity. The ne-
groes were taken on the gunboat and sent to the contra-
band camp at Xashville, which was where they were
anxious to go.

The sharpshooters, while patrolling the river, passed
through several other interesting experiences, which
we have not space to relate here. After their gun-
boat service was over, they joined Sherman's army
£t Big Sha'Jty. The Seventh company became that
general's headquarter guard, and the others were in
charge of the amunition train of the army of the
Cumberland, from that point to Atlanta. Afterward
the battalion of three companies returned to Tennes-
see and was made Gen. Thomas' headquarter guard,
which position it held till the close of the war. In
April, 1865, Capt. Barber was mustered out to accept
the lieutenant-colonelcy of the One Hundred and
Xmety-seventh Infantry, and the battalion was mus-
tered out on the 19th of July following.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY.

FIFTH COMPANY.

Gershom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1862. Promoted to Lieut Col
197tli Inf. April 12, 1865.

Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 1, 1862. Ees. Sept. 9, 1864.
W. N. Watson, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 1, 1864, and

to 1st Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865.
Franklin H. Somers, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lt.

Not. 20, 1863. Disch. May 7, 1864.
William C. Lemon, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

May 1, 1865. Mustered out with t"he Co. July 19, 1865.
Edward P. Thompson, enl. Oct. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with the Co.
Francis E. Hacket, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph E. Joiner, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865.
Samuel Lay, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch for disability June 24, 1864.
George W. Newton, enl. Oct 23, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1863.
William B. Waring, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. 20, 1865.
Michael C. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Noakes, enl. Oct. 18. 1882. Promoted to Corp.
George A. Blakeslee, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George B. Canniff, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Disch. for disability June 27, 1865.
Truman Drake, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry H. Houseman, enl. Feb. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Upton Housman, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William James, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
William Johnston, enl. Dec. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Locke, enl. Dec. 16, 186(3. Mustered out witli the Co.
George W. Markee, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Artemus Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Eobinson, enl. Dec. 7, 186 '. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew J. Windsor, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William L. Stearns, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 21, 1862.
Norman D. Meacham, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 27, 1863. Disch. for disability

March 26, 1863.
Simeon S. CannifE, enl. Oct. 23, 1852. Disch. for disability May 9, 1863.
Ephraim Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 10, 1865.
Charles H. Porter, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 26, 186t
Herman M. Beeves, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disabihty May 12, 1863.
Nicholas H. Ward, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Disch. for disability April 15, 1864.
Joseph A. Clarke, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. July 19,

1865.
Sidney Downey, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Moi ris J. Stockman, enl. Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co
EUsha Lewis, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 12, 1863.
Gilbert Terry, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Disch. May 25, 1865.
Luke Abel, enl. Oct. 23, 1862. Promo:ed to Corp. Died at Murfreesboro,

Tenn., May 23, 1863.
Sullivan S. Marble, enl. Oct. 14, 1862.
Charles Glines, enl. Nov. 6, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 26,

1863.
Mark J. Chevalia, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 19,

1865.
Harvey T. Miller, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
WUliam E. Williams, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Left in Hosp. Jan. 27, 1865.
Gershom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1862. Disch. April 11, 1865.
Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 9, 1863.
Edward U. Adams, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. Jime 2, 1865.
James M. Sail, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability June 22, 1863.

SIXTH COMPANY.

Simon Fockler, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13,

1865.
Louis Peisker, enl. Dec. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Eobert EngUsh, enl. Feb. 20, 1868. Transf . to Inv. Corps Sept. 1, 1863.

SEVENTH COMPANY.

Patrick Smith, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. July 20, 1863. Mus-
tered out with the Co. July 28, 1865.

George W. Morgan, enl. Dec. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 30, 1863_
Mustered out with the Co.

John Black, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

James Bowles, enl. Feb. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Frank Canfield, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas B. Deselmo, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Ira E. Durand, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

James E. Saunders, enl. Jan. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Samuel Wray, enl. Nov. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Martin S. Ward, enl. Jan . 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Hiram Tisdale enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps Aug. 13,
1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out Aug. 3, 1865.

David J. Nicholas, enl. Oct. 13. 1862. Died at Nashville, Aug. 20, 1863.

Frank Stephens, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June
28, 1863.

Thomas Miller, enl. 10, 1862. Mustered out July 28, 1865.

SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC.

163

CHAPTER XXXIII.

SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALKY, ETC,

A Western Keserve Begiment — Camp Wade and Camp Deunison— In the
Far West— A Fight with Quantrell— Chasing Rebels and Indians— In
the Indian Territoi-y- Men detailed for a Battery— Service under Gen.
Blunt— The Victory o4 Prairie Grove— Returning to Ohio— Fighting in
Kentucky- Capturing Morgan— Through to East Tennessee^Numer-
ous Conflicts— Re-enlisting— Ordered East— Over the Rapldan— Under
Sheridan — Hanover Court House and Ashland— Ream Station, etc.—
On the Shenandoah— Capturing a Regiment— Battle after Battle-
Winter Quarters— The Last Raid of the War— Large Captures— Baclc
to Missouri— Mustf red out— Members from Cuyahoga County— Sol-
diers of the Third Cavalry— Organization of the Sixth Cavalry— Sent
to Virginia- First Fight at Strasburg— Cross Keys and Cedar Moun-
tain—Hard Service on the Uappahannock— A Brilliant Dash— 1 he Bat-
tle of Kelly's Ford— Splendid Charge of Co. A— Fighting with Stuart
— Gettysburg — A Large Capture — Numerous Conflicts In Virginia —
Re-enllBtment — Hard Fighting /Vgain— Inside the Lines of Richmond
—On the Weldon Railroad- Battles of Hatcher's Run— Five Forks—
Appomatox — Subsequent Services— Mustered out— Officers and Sol-
diers from Cuyahoga County.

SECOND CAVALRY.

The Second Ohio Cavalry — the first regiment of
that arm of the service raised in the northern part of
the State — was recruited in the summer of 1861 under
the supervision of Hon. B. F. Wade and Hon. John
Hutchins, to whom the War.Department gave special
authority for that purpose. Cuyahoga county fur-
nished three hundred and fifteen members; Companies
B and K being principally from this county, while
smaller quotas entered all the other companies. The
regimental complement was almost entirely drawn
from the Western Reserve, and contained a large pro-
portion of men of intelligence and social prominence.
The Second was mustered into the three-years ser-
vice at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, where it was uni-
formed, mounted and partly drilled. Late in No-
vember it was moved to Camp Dennison, where it
remained until the receipt of marching orders early
in January, 1863.

It then moved to Platte City, Mo., and during the
ensuing three weeks was employed in scouting along
the Missouri border, as a portion of Doubleday's brig-
ade. In February, the brigade proceeded to Fort
Scott, Kansas, and while en route was assailed in the
streets of Independence, Mo., by an equal force,
under the afterwards celebrated and infamous Quan-
trell, who was routed in fifteen minutes. In this, its
first fight, the regiment bore itself with marked gal-
lantry, having four men killed and wounded.

From March till June, the Second, with head-
quarters at Fort Scott, was engaged in chasing guer-
rillas and skirmishing with hostile Indians. Late in
June the brigade marched into the Indian Territory,
and took part in the capture of Fort Gibson.

In August, after the return to Fort Scott, one
hundred and fifty men and two oflBcers were detailed
from the regiment to man a light battery. Six months
afterwards the detail was changed to a transfer, by
which the Twenty-fifth' Ohio battery was created.

In September, 1862, the battery and the mounted

portion of the regiment (for two-thirds of the horses

■ had been worn out by the hard service), entered upon

an active campaign under General Blunt, in Missouri

and Arkansas; fighting gallantly at Carthage, New-
tonia. Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, White River, and
especially at the closing victory of Prairie Grove, Ar-
kansas, on the 12th day of December.

In November an order had been issued transferring
the Second to the East, and in that month the dis-
mounted portion proceeded to Camp Chase, whither
the mounted men followed in December. There tlie
regiment remained until April, 1863, when, being
consolidated into eight companies, fully mounted arid
equipped, it left for Lexington, Ky., where it was re-
stored to its original strength by the addition of four
companies originally raised for the Eighth Cavalry.

During May and June the Second fought twice at
Steubenville, twice at Monticello, and once at Colum-
bia, Ky., besides which four companies formed part
of a force which made an important raid into East
Tennessee, under Gen. Saunders. In July, as a part
of Kautz's brigade, the Second joined in the pursuit
of Morgan, and after his capture nearly the entire
regiment was furloughed by Gen. Burnside in recog-
nition of its meritorious services.

The Second re-assembled in August at Stanford,
Ky., and moved with the army to East Tennessee.
In the engagement at Loudon Bridge and in the
forced marches to Cumberland Gap and Knoxville the
regiment bore an active part, and in the battle of Bkie
Springs it was especially conspicuous. It participated
in the defense of Knoxville and in the subsequent
pursuit of the enemy; fighting Longstreet's cavalry at
Morristown on the 2d of December, sustaining on the
4th the advance of a brigade which fought eighteen
regiments for two hours at Russellville, and being at
the front five hours at the battle of Bean Station on
the 5th.

^ At Mossy Creek, on the 1st of January, 1864, four
hundred and seventy men answered roll-call, and of
that number all but fifty re-enlisted as veterans.
After they had enjoyed their veteran furlough they
proceeded, with a hundred and thirty recruits, to tlie
East. At Camp Stoneman, near Washington, the regi-
ment was mounted, armed and equipped, and on the
1st of May left camp (eight hundred strong) for War-
renton Junction. It crossed the Rapidan with the
Ninth Corps, engaged Rosser's cavalry on the 7th,
and during the battle of the Wilderness was stationed
on picket or engaged in skirmishing.

The Second was permanently attached to Sheridan's
Cavalry Corps late in May, and on the 31st crossed the
Pamunkey. In the subsequent fight at Hanover
Court House the regiment occupied the center of the
brigade, and sustained the heaviest part of the charge
that resulted in the capture of the hill and the court
house. The following day the Second engaged the
enemy under Fitzhugh Lee at Ashland, but was forced
to retire. Until the 17th of June, when the James
river was crossed, the regiment was picketing and
skirmishing on the right of the army, and later in
the month it fought at Nottaway Court House, Stony
Creek and Ream Station; losing at the latter place

164

GENEEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

five officers and one hundred men in killed and
wounded and missing.

Ordered to the Shenandoah valley, the regiment
reached Winchester on the 17th of August, and from
that time to the 36th was engaged in the conflicts
which followed Early's attack upon Winchester. It
assisted in driving the enemy from Berryville on the
30th of August, charged with its brigade at Win-
chester on the 13th of September (capturing an en-
tire regiment of infantry), fought stubbornly at the
battle of Opequan, marched and skirmished in the
Luray valley until the 25th of September, engaged
with valor in the conflicts at Waynesboro and Bridge-
water, and afterwards took part in a sharp fight
against Rosser, who was badly defeated. On the 19th
of October it took part in the battle of Cedar Creek,
and on the 13th of November assisted in Custer's vic-
tory over Rosser, with whom it was again engaged at
Lacey's Springs on the 30th of December.

Prom the 38th of December, 1864, until the
27th of Pebruary, 1865, the regiment was in camp
near Winchester. It then started with Sheridan
on the last raid of the war. On the 25th of March
it assisted Custer in the capture of the remnant
of Early's army at Waynesboro, and took by its
own prowess six hundred and fifty prisoners, three
hundred and fifty stand of small arms, and a large
number of horses, mules, wagons, etc. Por this per-
formance the Second was complimented by Gen. Cus-
ter on the field. It was in the advance of the column
when Charlotteville was entered, and from the 27th
of March to the surrender of Lee performed such
service that it turned over to the provost marshal
eighteen pieces of artillery, one hundred and eighty
horses, seventy army wagons, nine hundred prisoners,
and a large number of small arms. After the col-
lapse of the rebellion the Second spent a few months
in Missouri, and was mustered out on the 1st of Sep-
tember, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Charles Doubleday, enr. as Col. Sept. 5, 1861. Resigned June 16, 1863.
George G. Minor, enr. as Major, Aug. 24, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col.

7tli Oav. Sept. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Reg. July 4, 1865.
Albert Watrous, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom . to Adjt. 3d Bat. Sept. 18. 1861,

Res. May 19, 1862.
Alfred Taylor, enr. as Surg. Aug. 27, 1861. Dis. April 18, 1863.
Gordon Woodruff, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Promoted to Batt. Q. M. Sept. 18.

1861.

NON-COMMISSIONKD STAFF.

Ezra L. Surge, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Prom, to Q, M. Sergt. July

31, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
John D. Thayer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Maj. Sept. 4. 1861.
Geo. Sheldon, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom, to Hosp. Steward July 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Seth A. Abbey, enr. as Com. Sergt. Aug. 19, 1861. Mustered out Sept

25, 1864.
George F. Cronk, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Prom, to Com. Serg. Mustered out

with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865.
Hiram S. Chamberlain, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 20, 1861.
John Keating, enr. as Chief Bugler Sept, 26, 1861. '

Clayton G. Smith, enr. as Hosp. Steward March 21, 1864. Disch. for

disability Nov. 16, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Lyman C. Thayer, enr. as Q. M. Aug. 19, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut Aug
19,1861. Res. March 22, 1862.

Milton F. Abbey, enl. Oct, 8, 1862. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 11, 1865.

David Chambers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Wilson Houghland, enl. Nov. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

James D. Hathman, enl. Feb. 27, 1»64. Mustered out with the Co.

James Reams, enl. Nov. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

James M, Malone, enl, Oct. 8. 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles C. Meade, enl. July 19, 1864, Mustered out with the Co.

Loring J. Phillips, enl. July 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Adelbert E, Blackman, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. for disability.

Christian Sweetzer, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Taken prisoner and paroled.
Disch. May 5, 1865.

John R. Wells, enl. Feb. 26, 1864, Disch, for disability.

Amos B. Lusk, enl. Feb. 2, 1804. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.

Thomas H. Buck, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Killed at Harper's Ferry, Va., April
5, 1865.

Charles E. Blanchette, enl. March 14, 1864. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1864.

George Hanscom, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Died at Annapolis, Md., June 17,
1864.

Samuel Houghland, enl. March 18, 1864. Killed in action June 15, 1865.

William Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died from wounds rec'd at Win-
chester. Va., Aug. 25, 1864.

Charles Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died from wounds rec'd June 12,
1864.

COMPANY B.

Frederick R. Deming, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd
Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 20, 1861, and to Capt, Feb. 11,
1864, Killed in action Aug. 22, 1864, at Charleston. Va.
Chauncey Eggleston, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Oct. 3, 1861, Res. March 14, 1862.
Luther M. Tuttle, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.'
April 22, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the
Co. Sept. 11, 1865,
Charles H. Bill, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1661. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July

15, 1862.
Alex. B. Sessions, enl. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut

Dec. 30, 1861. Res. July 19, 1863.
Benj. F. Lovett, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Aug. 11, 1866.

Mustered out with the Co.
John C. Mack, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Alonzo A. Maxam, enl. Aug. 12, 1801. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Sylvester D. Bailey, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
EUas Bennett, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Mortimer H. Biizley, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Deo. 89, 1864. Re-
enlisted Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Winfield S. Cady, enl. Feb, 15, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.
.lackson A. Mott, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Ormsby, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Porter S, Phillips, enl. Feb. 14, i860. Mustered out with the Co.
Edger L. Somers, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Norton L. Upson, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
James M . Veher, enl. Feb. 15, 1865, Mustered out with the Co.
George Eddy, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Disch. July 31, 1865.
wmiam H. Polhamus, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured

at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov. 13, 1864, Disch, June 7, 1865,
Henry A, Fraverd, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Captured June 29, 1864. Disch.

June 20, 1865,
Leroy S. Storer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861, Captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov.

12, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865.
Augustus Belden, eiil. Aug. 13, 1861. Disch. for disability, Jan. 1, 1864.
Herman H. Brigham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861, Disch, July 16, 1865, for disabil-
ity caused by wounds received March 31. 1865.
Suranus T. Brokens, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Wounded at Blue Springs, Tenn._

Oct. 1863. Disch. in consequence.
Henry H. Brinker, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1865.
Herman S. Kaiser, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 2.5, 1864.
William F. Meyer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1864,
James Plowman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
Henry H. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

Sept. 26, 1864.
George W-. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
Mortimer L. Trotter, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
Willard A. Trotter, enl. Aug. 13 1861. Mustered out Sept. 20, 1864.
Henry Vogely, enl.'Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
Eugene A, Hinsdale, enl, Aug, 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864.
Newton E. Gorham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps.
Joseph Seymour, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to Inv. Corps.
Daniel Wilhelm, enl. Nov, 8, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps.
.) ohn L. Smith, enr. as Capt. Aug. 12, 1861. Resigned Sept. 28, 1861.
George E. Dunbar, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1864.
John N. Johnson, enr. as Bugler Aug. 12, 1861.
James O. Birzley, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861.
Jefferson T. Spink, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861.

Francis A. Thayer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery.
William N. Monroe, enj, as Bugler Aug. 12, 1 61.
Ervin Morgan, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC.

165

Charles C. Stevens, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Charles M. Christian, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Marl£ Abell, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

David V. Bell, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery.

A. D. Benjamin, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Walter D. Barker, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery.

W. H. Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

David F. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Orlando D. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

John J. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

William A. Chamberlain, enl. Aug. 13, 1861.

Charles C. Chapman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861 .

Michael Conner, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

De Witt C. Deming, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

John Fleming, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Henry W. Gage, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery.

William E. Hinsdale enl. Aug. 12, 1861 .

Carl H. H ppe, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

John W. Johnson, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Enoch E. Judson, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Edwin Kinnecutt, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus-
tered out Dec. 12. 1865.

Lucerne W. Kelley, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus-
tered out Dec. 12, 1865.

Henry Mead, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mustered out
Dec. 12, 1865.

James Movies, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Webster K. Nye, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mustered
out Sept. 8, 1864.

Howard W. Reed, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

James Skinner, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

William Van Orman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus-
tered out Dec. 12, 1865.

William E. Pedrickj enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Co, M Sept.
30, 1881.

John M. Brewster, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 12,
1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865.

Sir Wallace Fuller, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.

Emerson H. Eggleston, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861.

Chauncey F. WyckofE, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861.

Joshua O. Stillwell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861.

D. L. Fonkell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12. 1861.

Randall L. Eggleston, enl. Aug. 12, IS")!.

Myron B. Perkins, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

Thomas Scott, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Died at Clar-
endon, Ark., Aug. 17, 1863.

Samuel D. Brokan, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865.

WUliam M. Bowen, enl. Aug. 12, 1861.

John V. Heniman, enl. Aug. 12. 1861.

COMPANY C.

Irving Hull, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865. Mus.
tered out with ihe Co. Sept. 11, 1865.

Edgar Barrett, enl. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Asa Fay, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

Franklin Feroles, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Scott McFarland, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Andrew Leland, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. for disability March 3, 1865.

George W. Pollock, enl. Aug. 29, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus-
tered out Dec. 12, 1865.

OOMPANT D.

Robert A. Gamble, enl. Oct. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 11, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865.
Elbert Gillett, enl. March 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles W. Adams, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Captured June 29, 1864. Disch.

June 7, 1865.
Oscar A. Caldwell, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Captured Nov, 3, 1863. Mustered

out June 25, 1865.
Frank A. Proctor, enl. Sept. ID, 1862. Captured June 29, 1864.
Conrad Shesler, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Captured June 29, 1864.
John Saxton, enl. Feb. 26. 1864. Disch. for disability June 5, 1865.
William H. Baker, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Died at Wilmington, N. C, March

21, 1865.
M. R. Hickox, enl. Sept. -30, 1862. Died in rebel prison April 12, 1864,

COMPANY E.

William B. Johnson, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept.

11, 1865.
Martin J. Kinnamon, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
William Leggett, enl. Feb. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ralph Miller, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Leander McGill, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Pidgeon, ml Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John W. Reed, enl. Nov. 3. 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

21 A

A. J. Walker, enl. March 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,

Arthur Liddle, enl. Feb. 12, 1864, Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps. Mustered

tered out Sept. 16, 1865.
Samuel W. McCurdy, enl. March 22, 1864. Disch. June 6, 1865.
Frederick R. Moody, enl, Sept. 6, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
William H. Newton, enl. Sept, 11, 1862, Disch, June 10, 1865.

COMPANY F,

Henry Aker, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865.
George Hurst, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph L. Jackson, enl, March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Cassius C. Kenney, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
George A. Manning, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered nut with the Co.
Heber Swan, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Herman Wibyraem, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
George Zepp, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Julius E. Bliss, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865.
Ethan Conant, enl. March 7, 1864. Disch. June 13, 1864.
Peter Wolf, enl. March 11, 1864. Died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 9. 1864.
Cassius M. Woodworth, enl, Sept. 16, 1862. Captured Oct. 14, 1864.

COMPANY G,

Charles H. Bill, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 13, 1861, Promoted to 2d Lieut. July
15, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Co, G. May 19, 1863. Transf. to Co. B. April 3,
1864; and promoted to Capt. Co. G, May 15. 1865. Mustered out Sept.
11, 1865.

John E. Bowden, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 22, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865,

George W. Clark, enl. Oct. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

William Copeland, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

John Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Samuel Hunter, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.

Watson A. Hoyt, enl. Dec. 2,186.3. Mustered out with the Co.

Frank B. Hunt, enl. March 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

William Wicks, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

WilUam Wurtz, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. Aug. 30, 1865.

George W. Short, enl. March 22, 1864. Disch. for disability March 21, 1865:

Eugene M. Church, enl. March 2, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison
August, 1864.

James DeLong, enl. Oct, 18, 1862, Died March, 1864.

Eugene Gregory, enl. March 23, 1864, Captured October, 1864.

Thomas Graham, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Killed in action June 1, 1864.

Charles E. Gratz, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Transf. to Co. 1 103d Reg.

Jonathan Kaneen, enl. Aug. 22, 1861. Transf. to Co. L Sept. 30, 1861.

COMPANY H.

Walter B. Austin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11>

1865.
James H. Broughton, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Bryant B. Herrick, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Richard B. Keyes, enl. March 21, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. jj
Edward Long, enl, Feb, 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Adelbert H, Marcy, enl. Oct, 13, 1862, Mustered out with the Co.
Chris Rothacher, enl. March 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John J. Vincent, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George H . Wood, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David Brown, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
William Gay, enl. March 3, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Frank E. Smith, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Frank B. Hale, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, Disch. June 15, 1865.
Almiron Van Antwerp, enl. March 5, 1864. Disch. July 19, 1865.
Harvey H. Green, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Transf. to Vet, Res. Corps, Sept.

20, 1864.
Lyman F. Butler, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died in rebel prison.
Andrew Bishop, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864.
Ezra L. Buige. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Daniel M. Hall, enl. Aug. 35, 1861.
Chauncey Smith, enl. Sept. 9, 1861.

COMPANY 1.

Peter Rock, enl. March 4, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Sept, 38, 1865.

George W, Roberts, enl. Feb. 83, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865-
Mustered out with the Co.

Louis C. Wilcox, enl. Feb. 21, 1875. Mustered out with the Co.

Leander Little, enl. March 4, 1865. Disch. Aug. 15, 1865.

Ivah Elliott, enl. March 16, 1865. Died at Washington, D. C, July 10,
1865.

Courtney H. James, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct.

10, 1864.

Albert Kinsey, enl. March 10, 1865. Died at Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1865
William Thompson, enl. Mai ch 4, 1864. Died of wounds received Oct

11, 1864.

COMPANY K,

John H, Clapp, enr, as Capt. Aug. 34, 1661. Died Oct. 5, 1861.

Charles D. Rush, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 4, 1864; to

1st Lieut. Nov. 26, 1864; to Capt. Sept. 4, 1865. Mustered out with

the Co.

166

GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Thomas AV. Sanderson, enr. as Capt. Oct. 7, 1861. Res. May 14, 1862.
Samuel F. Geil. enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1861. Res. Dec. 11, 1861.
Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 2nd- Lieut. Aug-. 24, 1861. Prom, to 1st, Lieut,

Dec, 20, 1861, Res, July 1,5, 1862.
Henry J. Gordon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861, Prom, to 2nd Lieut, July

5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Sperry B. Close, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Sept, 19,

1865.
Harrison Ingalls, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas A. White, enl. March 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Co,
Benjamin Wamsley, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Berry S, Waldron, enl. Feb, 2,3, 1865, Disch, July 17, 1865.
Joseph Ferriss, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transt. to Co. H. Died in rebel

prison March 30, 1864.
Lewis Wood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transt. to Co. H, and to Vet. Res, Corps

April 20, 1864.
Hiram P, Oviatt, enr, as 1st Sergt, Aug, 24, 1861.
Daniel Culver, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24. 1861.
John Davis, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861.
Henry Ingraham, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861.
Wheeler DeF. Sturtevant. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861.
Gilbert J. Doolittle, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Transt to 25th Battery

as 2nd Lieut, Promoted to 1st, Lieut, March 1, 1863. Resigned Nov.
25,1864.
Hammond Clapp, enr. as Corp, Aug. 24, 1861.
WilUam Smith, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1871.
Moses R. Kniffen, enr, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861.
Stephen D. Trowbridge, em-, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861.
Albert Spafford, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861.
Charles H. Ball, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861.
Kenrade Thomas, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861.
Patrick F. CoUopy, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 24, 1861.
Melvin M. Trowbridge, enr, as Bugler, Aug, 24, 1861.
David R, Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Charles F. Miles, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Charles O. Porter, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
William Robertson, enl. Aug. 24. 1861.
Thomas Jinks, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Brainard Ainger, enl. Aug. 24, 1861,
Frederick Bruce, enl. Aug. 84, 1861.

Zina J. Buck, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf. to 2oth Battery, Mustered out
Dec, 12, 1865,

Elmer Brewer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf, to 25th Battery. Mustered out
Dec, 12, 1865.

Chester Baker, enl, Aug, 24, 1861.

Samuel A. Bayard, enl. Aug, 24, 1861.

Michael Cavanaugh, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

William Christie, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf. to 2oth Battery. Promoted
to Corp. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865.

David C. Christy, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Captured June
29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.

John Q. Cooper, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Jeremiah Cronk, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

William Cushman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

George Davis, enl, Aug, 24,:1861, Transferred to 85th Battery. Mus-
tered out Dec, 12, 1865.

Thomas J. Davis, enl. Aug. 84, 1861.

Thomas Dodd, enl, Aug, 24. 1861, Transf, to 26th Battery. Disch. for
disability Feb. 85, 1863.

PatrickDunn, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf . to 25th Battery. Mustered

out Sept. 8, 1864.
William Eddleman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Clark A, Fish, enl. Aug. 84, 1861.
Fritz Gidding, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Farnum Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Alexander Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. Sept, 5, 1865.
Clark Gibbe, enl. Aug. 24, 1861,
Cortes F, Gordon, enl, Aug, 24, 1861.
Benjamin J. Gray, enl, Aug. 24, 1861.
John Griffln, enl. Aug. 84, 1861,
Alexander J. Harper, enl, Aug. 84, 1861, Promoted to Vet, Surg 1st

Battalion Sept, 20, 1861,
George B. Hammond, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered

out Dec. 12, 1865.
Charles E. Haywood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Nathan Hotcbkiss, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
William Hoor enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Eobert Hudson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Oliver Hodgeman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Roswell C. Henry, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Asa Ingraham, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Henry C. King, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Elmer Kent, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Alfred S. Lee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Samuel Livingston, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
Clarence H. Meeker, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.
William Minor, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Charles W. Nichols, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

John Olds, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Transt. to 25th Batt, Mustered out Dec,
12, 1865,

George Parry, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Nathan E. Penfleld, enl, Aug, 24, 1861, Transt. to 25th Batt, Died at
Little Rock, Ark,, Oct. 10, 1863.

Franklin Porter, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Luther D, Payne, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

George Richards, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Harris Robinson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Alexander C. Ruple, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. as Q. M.
Seigt, Jan, 3, 1864, Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 9. 1864, and to 1st
Lieut. Jan. 14, 1864. Resigned March 25, 1865.

Thomas J. Roberts, enl. Aug, 24, 1861.

George Roberts, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Daniel P. StofEer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Enoch Simmons, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Geo. Sheldon. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

Wilham B. Stranahan, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Captured June 29, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 7. 1865.

John Sharkey, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Martin W. Spenee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Smith Spenee, enl. Aug. 84, 1861.

Jacob Schneeberger, enl. Aug. 84, 1861.

Redman Stuyveson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Henry Stuyveson, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered
out Dec. 13, 1865.

John D. Thayer. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

Henry Thompson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Albert Watrous. (See Field and Staff.)

James H. Wright, enl. .'^ug. 24, 1861.
Gm-don Woodruff. (See Field and Staff.)

Daniel Fay, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865.

COMPAKY L.

Edmund Ward, enr. as Adjt. Sept. 4, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Re.

signed Aug. 14. 1862.
Lewis L. Campbell, enl. March 24, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt., and to

2d Lieut. June 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Mansell M. Blanding, enr. as Corp. Sept, 1, 1861,
John Arn, enl. Sept, 1, 1861,
Thomas Andrew, enl. Sept, 1, 1861,
Albert Ryan, enl. Sept. 1, 1861.
George F, Woodburn, enl, Oct. 23, 1861.

COMPAMT M.

WiUiam E. Pedrick. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 30, 1861;
to 8d Lieut. May 19, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Jan. 4, 1863, and to Capt. Feb.
1, 1864. Resigned Aug. 26, 1864,

Emerson H, Eggleston, enr, as Corp, Aug, 12, 1861. Transf. to Co. I and
promoted to 8d Lieut. June 85, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Nov, 4, 1864; to
Capt, Co, M Dec, 14, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 28, 1865.

Cromwell C. Marsh, enl. Aug^25, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. June 16,
1865, and to 1st Lieut. Sept. 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co,

Newton Parcell, enl, Aug. 25, 1861.

Jerome A. Park, enl. Aug, 25, 1861, Transt, to Co, G. Disch. March 6,
1864,

Albert Biggs, enl, Aug. 25, 1861.

D. Crist, enl. Aug. 85, 1861 .

William Fesshaupt, enl. Aug. 25, 1861, Transf. to 26th Battery. Mus
tered out Dec. 12, 1865.

John Gelvin, enl, Aug. 25, 1861.

Henrol Gasner, enl. Aug. 25, 1861,

Charles E, KeUogg. enl. Aug. 25, 1861.

Myron Lane, enl. Aug. 26, 1861.

John C, Lilley, enl, Aug, 25, 1861,

Oliver Mott, enl. Aug. 25, 1861.

Cornelius McGuire, enl. Aug. 25, 1861,

Charles Price, enl. Aug. 25, 1861.

Zenas B. Pettys, enl. Aug, 25, 1861.

Melville Porter, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb, 1, 1864, Cap-
tured June 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.

THIRD CAVALRY.

COMPANY B.

Edwin Sexton, enl. Oct. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 4, 1865,

COMPANY C,

Samuel Aukney, enl, Oct, 4, 1862, Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 4, 1865,
George Sager, enl. Dec, 10, 1863, Mustered "out with the Co,

COMPANY L,

Peter Nelaher, enl. Sept, 5, 1864, Mustered out June 24, 1865.

SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC.

167

SIXTH CAVALRY.

The Sixth Ohio Cavalry was organized in October,
1861, for three years service, and,' like the Second,
"was mainly recruited from the Western Reserve; being
the second regiment in Wade and Hutchins Cavalry
Brigade. There were two hundred and sixty-six
members from this county, principally in Companies
C, F, I, K and M. It assisted in guarding rebel
prisoners at Camp Chase, until May, 1862, when it
joined Fremont in the Shenandoah valley.

At Strasburg the regiment had its first fight, in
which one officer and six men were wounded. It
moved down the valley, skirmishing continually, and
on the 7th of June had several men killed and
wounded at the battle of Cross Keys. Slight engage-
ments at Luray Court House and Cedar Mountain
were followed by a severe ordeal, when for fourteen
days the regiment was under fire, while contesting,
under Pope, the passage of the Rappahannock by
Stonewall Jackson. It performed efEective service at
the second battle of Bull Run, retreated with the
army to Alexandria, and after a brief se;ison of
rest, took part in a sharp fight at Warrenton. On
this occasion sixty of its men made a brilliant dash
into Fredericksburg, capturing a rebel mail and nu-
merous prisoners.

The winter oi 1863-63 was passed in guarding the
Rappahannock. In March, 1863, the regiment joined
Hooker, and soon, made a gallant record at the battle
of Kelly's Ford, where it had two officers and thir-
te&n men killed and wounded. During Lee's move-
ment toward Pennsylvania the Sixth was frequently
in action, and at the battle of Aldie, on the 17th of
June, Captain Northway, of Company A, at the head
of thirty men, led a charge, which for dash and
bravery was unsurpassed during the war.

The Sixth participated in the battles of Middleburg
and Upperville, took part in all the engagements with
Stuart, followed Lee into Pennsylvania, and fought
gallantly at the battle of Gettysburg. It was especially
active in the pursuit of Lee, and at Falling Waters
assisted in the capture of fifteen hundred of the Con-
federate rear-guard. After camping for a time at
Thoroughfare Gap, the Sixth joined Meade in his
advance to the Rapidan, and was in the fights at
Culpepper Court House, Rapidan Station, Sulphur
Springs, Auburn Mills and Bristoe Station. Late in
November the regiment joined the forward movement
which terminated with the battle of Mine Run. It
then went into winter quarters at Warrenton, where
it was constantly engaged in picket duty and in
driving off Mosby's raiders.

In January, 1864, about two hundred of the regi-
ment re-enlisted as veterans, and during the spring it
received a large number of recruits. On the 3d of
May it joined Sheridan, and, as his rear guard, had
many a hot fight with Stuart's cavalry, at whose
hands the Sixth lost in one day upwards of thirty in
killed and wounded. The regiment won renown at

the battles of Yellow Tavern, Owen Church, Cold
Harbor and Bottom Bridge, and also in a sharp en-
gagement with Stuart's cavalry inside the defenses of
Richmond.

On the 7th of June tlie Sixth started with Sheridan
on a raid, and, after two days' hard fighting at Tre-
vellian Station, returned in charge of four hundred
prisoners. Crossing the James with Grant it spent
a few days in camp, and then, recrossing that stream,
took an active part in the fight for the possession
of the Wei don railroad. Fighting, skirmishing and
picketing until the 37th of October were followed on
that day by a severe engagement at Hatcher's Run, in
which the Sixth suffered heavy loss.

Going into winter quarters soon after, it remained
quiet, except a severe fight on the 9th of December,
until the 3d of February, 1865, when it inaugurated
the new campaign with another fight at Hatcher's
Run and followed it in the spring with the bloody
conflict of Dinwiddle Court House and the battle of
Five Forks. During the pursuit of Lee the Sixth
was warmly engaged at Sailor's Creek and Farmville,
and at Appomattox Court House on the 9th of April
enjoyed the honor of opening the engagement which
practically ended the rebellion.

After escorting General Grant from Appomattox to
Burksville station, marching through Virginia to
North Carolina and doing duty in detachments in
the Virginia counties composing the "Sub-District of
the Appomattox," the regiment was ordered to Cleve-
land and was there mustered out of the service in
August, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

William B. Eezner, enr. as Surg. Nov. 10, 1861, Mustered out at end of
term, Nov. 9, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Frank D. Burgess, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Prom, to Corp. and to Q. M. Sergt.

April 81, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
Thomas S. Bark, enr, as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Prom, to Q, M. Sergt.

Disch. at end of term, Nov., 1864.
David Jolinson, enr. as Corp. Deo. 11, 1861. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt.

Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Mustered out Aug. 25, 1865.
John S. Galbraith, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Dec. 83, 1863. Died at Anderson-

ville prison, Sept. 28, 1864.
Harry N. Young, enr. as Corp. Nov. 13,1861. Prom, to Com. Sergt.

Disch. at end of term, Nov., 1864.

COMPANY A.

James R, Wilson, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Promoted to Corp, May 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 7, 1865.
Samuel Dilworth, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. At muster-out, absent on detached

service.
Henry Harker, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. At the muster-out, sick at Washington.
Michael Dewyant, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Disch. for disability May 31, 1865.
Abram Easterwood, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Alanson K. Ryder, enl. Feb. 24, 1864, Mustered out June 27, 1865,
Rudolphus L, Spring, enl. March 7, 1865. Disch. June 12, 1865.
George W. Easterwood, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps

Jan. 10, 1866. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1865.

COMPANY B.

James E. Durwent, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Prom, to Sergt. Maj. Dec. 1, 1864,
to 2nd Lieut. Co. B May 4, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865.

COMPANY 0.

James H. Leeman, enr, as 1st Lieut, Oct, 7, 1861, Promoted to Capt.

Aug. 3, 1863, Mustered out at end of term Oct. 6, 1864.
William L. Thomas, enr. as 1st Sergt, Oct. 23, 1861.

168

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Charles E. Holt, enr. as Corp. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out at end of

term, Nov., 1864.
Frank D. Burgess. (See Non-Com. Staff.)

Albert Button, enl. Oct, 28, 1861. Died in rebel prison; date unknown.
Christopher Bohn, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov.
1864.

Aaron A. Coiles, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov.,
1864.

Ichabod Dilley, enl. Nov. 6, 1861. Diseh. for. disability March 19, 1863.

Robert J. Green, enl. Oct, 12, 1861. Died in rebel prison, date unknown.

Wesley W. Griswold, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Died at Washingrton, D. C. Oct.
8, 1863.

Elijah K. Harper, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, No-
vember, 1864.

Albert Morrison, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Died in rebel prison, date unknown-
John Randall, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Disch. for disability March 11, 1863.

Joseph Reed, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Killed at St. Mary's Church June 24, 1864.

John Stannard, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Died at Washington, D. C. Oct. 9, 1863.

Jerome O. Woods, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Travella A. Wilcox, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, No-
vember, 1864.

William B. Strawm, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Cyrus King, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Killed at Davis' Hill Oct. 1, 1864.

Philip Bishop, enl. March 16, 1865. Disch. June 37, 1865.

Edwin Beckwith, enl. March 3, 1865. Disch. June 37, 1865.

Ozro Markham, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

Orlando Markham, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Albert D. Reed, enl. March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Herman Rodig, enl. March 16, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

John Rudd, enl. Feb. 37, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

Charles A. Stible, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

Horace S'rong, enl. Feb. 32, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

John B. Turner, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Frank Wilson, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

George Whelpley, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

COMPANY D.

Alanson A. Grant, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Died at Poto-
mac Creek Station, Va., May 3D, 1863.

Anson A. Judd, enl. Nov. 12, 1861 . Disch. June 37, 1865.

William Lucas, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865.

Henry C. Booth, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Joel Allen, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

David Caldwell, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Patrick Dalton, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

James Grim, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Keyear, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Silas S. Older, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with theCo.

Joseph Packard, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Wounded Oct. 1, 1864, and sent to
Hospital .

Alexander D. S. Wilson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Wcunded Oct. 1, 1864, and
senttoHosp.

Benj. H. Black, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. June 27, 186'i.

Thomas S. Clark, enl. Feb. 18. 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865.

James S. Hickok, enl. Xov. 22, 1863. Disch. June 27, 1865.

Daniel B. Joyce, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. June 6, 1865.

James T. Wickham, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865.

Joseph S. Bell, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Died at Alexandria,' Va., July 6 1864

Simon Smith, enl. April 4, 1864. Died May 28, 1864, from wounds' rec'd
inaction.

COMPANY P.

William L. Thomas, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 22. 1861. Promoted to 2d

■ Lieut. Co. E March 29. 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 35, 1864 and to Capt.

Co. FNov. 18, 1864. Wounded May 38, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865

Andrew A. Burrell, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864. Died Aug. 16, 1864, of

wounds reo'd in action June 84, 1864.
George W. Anderson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 23, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864

Died in Salisbury prison Nov. 13, 1864.
Edwin Beckley, enr. as Corp. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1866
Oscar F. Hoskins, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865
George W. Chamberiain, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. from Hosp. April 15
1864. '

Solon L. Darling, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 27 1865
Fayette E. Ball, enl. Dec. IK, 1863. Mustered out June 19 1665
AmosB. Case, enl. Dec. 12, 186.3. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865 Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Charles Campbell enl. Dec. 18, 1K3. Mustered out June 27 1865
^\ illiam Ford, enl. Dee. 17. If 63. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1866'. Mus-
tered out with the Co.
Charles L. Garman, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb 9 1864

and to Sergt. June 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co
>athaniel Grinnell, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 27 1865

George W. Grim, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Erwin Herrick, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

William Harmon, enl. #)ec. 17, 1863. Captured Dec. 8, 1864. Reported
again April 30, 1865. Mustered out June 16, 1865.

WilhamHunt, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Transf. to Northwestern Dept. Sept. 1,
1864.

Orrin Holcomb, Jr., enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in
Salisbury prison Dec. 6, 1864.

Daniel H. Harrington, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Musterea
out June 27, 1865.

Thomas Hardesty, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Jenkins, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis-
bury prison Nov. 25, 1864.

Calvin W. Johnson, enl. Dec. 32, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Cryness Larue, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

John G. Long. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov. 20,
1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865.

James Mee, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Tod Merwin, enl. Deo. 29, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865.

Abram Osterhaut, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 20,
1864.

James H. Robbe, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered ou June 27, 1865.

Lucas O. Roberts, enl. Oct. 26, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in
Salisbury prison March 9, 1865.

Benjamin M. Rudd, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Absalom Scott, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis-
bury prison Nov. 23, 1864.

Daniel J. Sharp, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Died at home Nov. 5, 1864.

Lewis Sharp, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus.
tered out with the Co.

Henry B. Simmons, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1866.

Stephen A. Smith, enl Dec. 29, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, 0.,
Nov. 38. 1864.

William J. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 15. 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Charles Wallace, enl, Dec, 17, 1863 Mustered out June 27, 1865.

John Watkihs, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 20
1864.

Joel W. Wyatt, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

George W. Milliken, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 21, 1863. Died in Hosp. at
Cleveland, O., Feb. 28, 1864.

John Woodward, enl. March 14, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

Oliver Law, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Disch. March 16, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Melvin D. Chappell, enl. Dec. 10, 1861.

George A. Grannis. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7,

1865.
Andrew Landers, enl. Feb. Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered out July 18, 1865.
Patrick McCanna, enl. Feb. 24, 1864.

George Sands, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Dennis Shehan, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Missing since action of March 31, 1865.
Joseph Tribfllner, enl. March 3, 1864. Wounded June 24, 1864.
Michael Nelligan, enl. Feb. 19. 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland Sept. 3,

1864.
Benjamin F. Shierer, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N.

C, Jan. 16, 1865.
John W. McKibben, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp May 1, 1865.

Disch. June 27, 1866.
Horace Austin, enl. Jan. 34, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865.
Howard S, Bates, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Lemuel Berry, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865.
William Boden, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. June 37, 1865.
Lorenzo Burdick, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Disch. JtUy 5. 1865.
Henry Darrow, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865.
Frederick Foster, enl. Jan. 24, 1866. Disch. June 27, 1865.
James L. Morris, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. June 3, 1865.
James Nolan, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1866.
Albert A_. Pettibone, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865.
Calvin E. Snow, enl. April 6, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865.
Jonathan Swartz, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 27, 186.5.
Roger Williams, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Fritz Miller, enl. March 1, 1865. Disch. June 6, 1866.
Philip Spotz, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865.
James Buck, enl. March 3, 1864. Transf. to Invalid Corps May 3, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Reuben E. Osgood, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. May
16, 1862, to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1864, to Capt. Co. I Jan. 1, 1866, and to
Maj. July 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Keg. Aug. 7, 1865.

William Allen, enl.'March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865.

James Brennan, enl. Jan. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Charles H. Brown, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Cyrus Carpenter, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC.

169

Henry Fox, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Bartholomew Green, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Uo.
George Krause, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Isaac N. Rhodes, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Sharpe, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John C. Shepard, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Smith, enl. March ID, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,
Wilham Smith, enl, Feb. 10, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.
William Stowe, enl. Jan. 24. 1864, Mustered out with the Co.
William S. Wakeman, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank Hanks, enl. Feb. 28, 1884. Killed May 28, 1864.
Philip W. Bradford, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland

March 26, 1864.
James N. Wade, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Died at Erie, Pa., March 25, 1865.
Charles D, Ayres, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Irving B. Minor, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. May 29, 1865.
John Ferris, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out June 87, 1865.
Christopher C. Hively, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
George Hoffman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
William E. Hill, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Evan Davis, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Dennis Dwyre, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out July 11, 1865,
Loyd W. Irwinger, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 28, 1864.
Peter Jacobs, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Jacob Lease, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Sylvester Morgan, enl. Aug. 30. 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Albert Rapke, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
George Smith, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Transf, to the Navy April 27, 1864.
Melvin G. Wakeman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 19, 1865.

COMPAKY K.

John E. Wyatt, enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Feb. 27,

1864. Disch. March 3, 1865.
Isaiah McConkey, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865.
Francis G. Hoftmeier, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Lane, enl. Jan. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Reuben Meachem. enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles B. Olcott, enl. Feb. 38, 1864. Mustered out July 11, 1865.
Perry Orendorff, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David Palmer, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edwin Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Nehemiah Viers, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered ovit with the Co.
Dallas M, Ware, enl. March 30, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 27, 1865.
Charles Irish, enl. April 4, 1861. Disch. tor disability Dec. 21, 1864.
Cyrus P. Harmon, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 31, 1865.
Thomas Hayward, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Elijah McConkey, enl. Feb. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Henry W. Morrell, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Hezekiah OrindorfC, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability.
John O'Connor, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
William Quinn, enl. Jan. 9, 1864. Disch. for disability.
James E. Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Reuben E. Osgood, enr, as Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Transf. to Co, I.
George Cutshaw, enl. Deo. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed in action

June 17, 1863.
Wellington Parker, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Shot accidentally Oct. 3, 1862.
WiUiam F. Tousley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Died in

Hosp. Jan. 6, 1865.
Cassius C. Starr, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Died in Hosp.

April 22, 1865.
Henry Fieldhouse, enl. Dec, 10, 1861. Died in Hosp. Sept, 3, 1865,
Warren L. Sprague, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died in rebel prison June 6,

1864.
Thomas S. Bark. (See Non-Com. Staff,)
Harrv A. Young. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Jesse Welshur, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Mustered out

June 27. 186.5.
William D. Warriner, enl. Dec. 11. 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out June 27, 1865.
Horace I. Edgerton, enl. Oct, 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out June 27, 1865.
William Elliott, en). Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out
Christopher House, enl. Nov. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability June 29, 1863.
Lumen S. Holt, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Hiram Brown, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 37, 1863.
Newton D. Boyd, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Henry L. Campbell, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 9, 1862.
Andrew J. Lamb, enl. Nov. 38, 1861. Disch. for disability. Oct. 7, 1862.
Calvin Sprague, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 29, 1862.

Jefferson Thomas, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Disch. for disability.
■William H. Thomas, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 5, 1863.
Harrison Winters, enl. Dec. 6, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 31, 1862.
William Wheeler, enl. Dee. 10, 1861. Disch. tor disability May 28, 1862.
Ezra T. Wyatt, enl. Dec. 8, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Dec. 22,

1864.
David Johnson. (See Non-com. Staff.)
M. D. Trimm, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps.
Eoswell G. Thomas, enl. Dec' 11. 1861. Disch. for disability.

COMPANY L.

George P. Heintz, enl. Feb. 18, 1864, Promoted to Corp, May 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865,
Leroy Chase, enl, March 31, 1864, Killed by accident March 7, 1865,
Daniel France, enl, Feb, 13, 1864, Disch. for disability March 13, 1865.
William Hantz, enl. Feb. 13, 1874. Disch. June 27, 1865.
Charles A. Mahoney, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865.
Charles Mahoney, enl. March 26, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1866.
Henry T. Maple, enl. May 24, 1864. Disch, June 27, 1865.
Stuart O'Neill, enl. April 5, 1864, Disch. June 37, 1865.
James Redditt, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Disch.- June 27, 1865.
William Santiman, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Disch. July 27, 1865.
Robert Underwood, enl. Feb.. 12, 1864 . Disch. July 20, 1865, for disability

caused by wounds.
James Falk, enl. March 31, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison, Jan. 22,

1865.
Daniel Ring, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Aug.. 7, 1865.

COMPANY M.

Thomas B. File, enr. as Corp. Jan. 4, 1864. Killed in action Sept, 30, 1864.
Euclid M. Suplee, enr. as Corp. D.ec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant

Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865.
Andrew Flick, enr. as Corp. Dec. 19. 1863. Disch. Jan. 22, 1865.
Charles W. Gardner, enr. as Bugler Nov. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp.

Mustered out June 37, 1865.
John Anderson, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Ernest Burmester, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, March

17, 1864.
William Campbell, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
Philip Carey, enl. Dec. 24. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Drager, enl. Dec. 23, 1863, Died in Salisbury prison Nov. 28,

1864 .- ^

James E. Durwent, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Prom, to Sergt, Maj, Dec, 1, 1864.
Ezra T. Daniels, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Benj. F. Entrikin, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 27, 1865.
Adoniga Eidinise, enl, Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Almoreen Eidinise, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
John N, Fillson. enl, Dec, 26, 1863. Died in Salisbury prison Jan. 1, 1865.
Francis M. Falloon, enl. Deo. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, ,
Robert M, Gilson, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Died from wounds, Ijee. 16, 1864.
Charles Hitchcock, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. May 17, 1865.
George W. Hunter, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Henry J. King, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Died from wounds

May 13, 1865.
Michael Mulverhill, enl. Dec. 23, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865,
Nathaniel Morehead, enl. Dec, 21, 1863, Disch, July 6, 1865,
Jacob Miller, enl. Dec. 29, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
James McLean, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1865.
Leman J. Morey, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865.
Harrison Rundell, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 6, 1865.
Arthur Eearding, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
John Rearding, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Gideon Eabshaw, enl. Dec, 23, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865,
Edward Stewart, enl, Dec, 33, 1863, Mustered out June 37, 1865,
William S, Shaw, enl, Dec, 33, 1863, Mustered out June 34, 1865.
Elmer Stine, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co,
WilUam Stine, enl, Dec. 30, 1863 , Mustered out with the Co ,
William F, Smith, enl,, Dec. 38, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
Henry J. Shepley, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 27, 1865.
John Thomas, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June 28, 1864.
Robert D. VanFossen, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered ont June 27, 1865.
John B. Whittaker, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
John A. Stiver, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out June 19, 1865.
David H. Bricker, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 27, 1865,
John A, Algier, enl, Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865.
Peter Conway, enl. Dec. 39, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865,
John J, Handell, enl. Dec. -30, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865.

170

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY,

CHAPTER XXXIV.

TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALKY.

Organization and Equipment of the Tenth— Around Murfreesboro— At
Chickamauga— Defeating Indians and Capturing Vance— The Atlanta
Campaign— Opening the Battle of Resaea— Service under Kilpatrick—
On the March to the Sea— Scattering Wheeler's Horsemen— Captur-
ing Cannon with the Saber— All Wheeler's Cavalry Defeated— Through
the Carolinas— Mustered Out — The Cuyahoga Members— Brilliant Ser-
vice of the Twelfth Cavalry— A Vivid Record— Guarding Prisoners—
In Kentucky— Starting for Saltviile— Back to Meet Morgan— A Rat-
tliug Ride— Charging into Camp— A Desperate Fight— The Rebels De-
feated— The Final Rout at Cynthiana — Herrick's Fifteen Scatter Four
Hundred — Morgan's Power destroyed— Another Saltviile Expedition
—A Terrific Night— Men and Horses falling down Precipices— Beach-
ing Saltviile— Early's Infantry— The Unionists defeated— Loss of the
Regiment— To East Tennessee— The Third Saltviile Expedition— Co. F.
leads a Charge— Gillem meets Vaughn— Charge after Charge —"A
Whirlwind on Horseback— Thirty-three Miles in Six Hours— Eight
Cannon captured — Wytheville taken in an Instant — Back toward
Saltviile— Meeting Breckenridge— His Flight— Destruction of the Salt
Works— The Twelfth as Constant Rear-guard— The Last Great Raid-
Six Thousand Horsemen— Tearing up Railroads— Defeating Four
Thousand Infantry— Capturing Thirteen Hundred Prisoners and Four-
teen Cannon— Sixty-seven Days in the Saddle— Service after the War
—Mustered Out in November— Cuyahoga in the Twelfth.

TENTH CAVALRY.

Although organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleve-
land, in Ocbober, 1863, this regiment was not
equipped so as to be ready for the field nntil the
spring of 1863. It had thirty-eight men from Cuy-
ahoga county; about half of them in Company I, and
the rest in Companies E, F and H. It proceeded
to Nashville and thence to Murfreesboro; remaining
at and near the latter place on active scout and picket
duty until the latter part of June, 1863, when it
advanced with Eosecrans' army in the Chattanooga
campaign. At Chickamauga it guarded the commu-
nications in the rear. Afterwards a part of it remained
in the Sequatchie valley, fighting guerrillas, while
the rest went to East Tennessee, where it was engaged
for three months in almost daily conflict with the
outlying troops of Longstreet's force. At one time
the command defeated three hundred Indians and
two hundred North Carolinaians under General (now
Senator) Vance, of that State; capturing that officer,
his wagon-train and a hundred of his men.

After the re-union of the regiment it was mounted,
and in the spring of 1864 moved forward with Sher-
man on the Atlanta campaign. The Tenth led the
charge which opened the battle of Resaea, suffering
heavy loss, and thereafter it was actively engaged
under the fiery Kilpatrick throughout the campaign.
Under this renowned leader it was engaged in numer-
ous conflicts with the enemy's cavalry, which was thus
prevented from annoying the main army. The Union
horsemen were also of the utmost use in obtaining
information of the enemy.

During the "March to the Sea" in the autumn
of 1864 the cavalry did whatever fighting was done,
and, as the Tenth Ohio was especially accustomed
to the use of the saber, it was freauently called on to
lead a charge against the enemy which hovered on
the flanks. At Lovejoy's Station nine regiments of
Union cavalry, of which the Tenth Ohio was one,
made a charge which scattered Wheeler's rebel horse

almost in an instant. The Tenth also attacked gal-
lantly and with great effect at Bear Creek Station,
At Macon it charged the enemy's breastworks with
drawn sabers, under the fire of thirteen pieces of
artillery; driving the enemy out and capturing two
of the guns.

At Waynesboro, Georgia, on the 1st of December,
the second division led the attack against all Wheeler's
cavalry, then numbering nearly ten thousand men,
while Kilpatrick had but about five thousand. While
a part of the command advanced dismounted, the
Tenth Ohio charged with the saber on the flank and
aided in gaining a complete victory over the enemy,
who was driven eight miles.

During the campaign through the Carolinas the
Tenth was also actively engaged on the flanks; inva-
riably driving back the enemy's cavalry, and some-
times scattering the demoralized infantry which had
been picked up to make a show of resistance against
the veteran columns of Sherman. The regiment was
mustered out on the 1st of September, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Thomas W. Sanderson, enr. as Major Jan. 15, 1863. Promoted to Lieut.

Col. April 20, 1864, and to Col. Jan. .30, 1865. Mustered out with the

Reg. Sept. 1, 1865.
Lyman C. Thayer, enr. as Major Nov. 10, 1863. Resigned Oct. 6, 1863.
William G. Hall, enr. as Asst. Surg. Feb. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 12, 1863,
Henry Frizzell, enr. as lat Lieut, and Q. M. Oct. 4, 1863. Resigned June

12, 1863.

NON-OOMMISSIONED STAFF.

Lewis H. Brainard, enl. Nov. 7, 1863. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Jan. 15,
1863, and to Sergt. Major Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY E.

Edward M. Hayes, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
Jan. 15, 1863, and to Capt. March 17, 1864. Mustered outwiththeCo.
Sept. 1, 1865.

COMPANY F.

James S. Morgan, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
March 34, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 16, 1864.

COMPANY w.

Edwin McGaughy, enr. as 2d Lieut. Co. I Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st
Lieut. March 17, 1864, and to Capt. Co. G Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out
with the Co. Sept. 1, 1865. <-

COMPANY H.

Edwin B. Campbell, 2nd Lieut. (See Co. L.)
Thomas G. Northrup, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 16,

Res. April 14, 186:j.

COMPASy I.

Edwin McGaughy, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

March 17, 1864.
James L. Thayer, enl. Oct. 6, 1863. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 34^864.

Resigned Sept. 29, 1864.
Albert C. Lovett, enl. Oct. 10, 1882. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. March 1,

1868, and to 2d Lieut. July 25, 1864. Resigned April 9, 1865.
Julius Beck, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability June

10, 1866.
Lewis H. Brainard. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
J. C. Harrington, enr. as Corp. October 20, 1862. Promoted to Sergt.

Disch. for disability June 14, 1865.
W. W. Tillotson, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April

23, 1863.
John Eagleson, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with Co. July 24, 1866.
Caleb Turner, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability June 30, 1863.
Frederick Alley, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William Benson, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Benj. F. Brown, enl. Oct. 20. 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles A. Camp, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Died at Cleveland, O. , Jan., 1863.
James Campbell, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co.
Joel W. Dean, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 6, 1864.

Mustered out Aug. 3, 1865.

TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALRY, ETC.

171

S. M. Hendershott, enl. Oct. 9, 1868. Transf. to Co. E March 4, 1863.

Died at Annapolis, Hd., May 3, 1863.
John Huher, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. for disahility July 2, 1863.
Emerson C. Horton, enl. Oct. 28. 1862. Disch. June 26, 1865.
Henry Koehler. enl. Nov. 17, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Lewis, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Terry McConner, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John H. Oakley, enl. Oct. 10, 1862, Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Shaffer, enl. Oct. 26. 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles L. Stephens, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John Seymour, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Disch. for disability June 26, 1863.
Frederick MoGill, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred Jago, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co,

COMPANY L.

Edwin B. Camphell, enl. May 18. 1861, Co. A, 23rd Eegt. Inf. Prom, to
Sergt. Oct. 1, 1862. Was discharged. Re-enlisted 10th Car., Co. M,
as 2nd Lieut. .July 25, 1863. Prom. June 14, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. H,
and July 1, 1865, to Capt. Co. L. Mustered out with the Reg. July
24, 1865.

TWELFTH CAVALRY.*

Although the regiment had but sixty-eight mem-
bers from Cuyahoga county (scattered through all its
companies, from fourteen in Company F, down to
one in Company A,) yet its brilliant and interesting
record is well worthy the attention of our readers.
Many other cavalry regiments doubtless had the will,
but few had the fortune to meet with such stirring
adventures, and these have been so vividly set forth
in Captain Mason's narrative that we can only regret
that the many interests with which we have to deal
compel us to condense it to such meager proportions.

The regiment was raised in the autumn of 1863;
almost all the oflBcers and a large part of the men
having seen service before. In November Companies
A, C, D, F, I and L, under Major Herrick, with in-
fantry arms, were sent to guard the rebel prisoners on
Johnson's island; there being then much excitement
regarding their threatened rescue. After arduous
service there for three months, they joined the other
companies at Camp Denuison; the latter having been
drilling in the meantime at Camp Chase. At Camp
Dennison full equipments were issued, including
seven-shooting Spencer carbines, together with an
extremely fine outfit of horses.

On the 7th of April the regiment reached Lexing-
ton, Kentucky. After various marches to and fro it
set out from Mt. Sterling in May with other mounted
regiments, all under General Burnside, to cross the
mountains two hundred and fifty miles into Virginia,
and destroy the Confederate salt-works and stores at
Saltville, in that State. After going to the valley of
the Big Sandy and waiting there two weeks for sup-
plies, the command again advanced, but had scarcely
made a day's march when the general heard from his
scouts that the celebrated John Morgan had passed
through another gap with a large force, and was mak-
ing straight for the most fertile portions of Kentucky.
The column immediately reversed its course, and
pushed on by forced marches to meet that energetic
commander.

" Condensed from Captain F. H. Mason's history of the regiment.
Captain Mason is also the author of an interesting history of the Forty-
second Infantry, to which accident prevented our giving the proper
credit.

Near nightfall on the 8th of June, thirty-seven
miles from Mt. Sterling, it was learned that Morgan
had taken the camp left there by the Unionists, with
all the sick and convalescents, and all the stores not
taken on the expedition. He was then occupying the
captured camp. The distance must be spanned before
dawn or he would be gone. The already weary
horses were urged to new exertions, and all night the
column pushed forward at a rapid trot. Toward
morning it broke into a gallop. Six miles from Mt.
Sterling Morgan's careless pickets, who supposed the
whole Union force to be in Virginia, were captured
in an instant by the headlong column, without a shot
being fired. A short halt was made to wait for the
first dawn of light, and again the column went forward
at a gallop; the Twelfth Ohio being in the van, except
a small detachment of Kentucky mounted infantry,
the men of which acted as guides.

The inner pickets fired, but the assailants, urging
their horses to a harder gallop, dashed over and past
them without a moment's pause, and whirled straight
at Morgan's mounted infantry, who lay in camp on
the road the Unionists were following. Eoused by
the firing, they sprang up, and though completely
surprised made a sharp fight. The first battalion
of the Twelfth drove them back into their camp, and
then galloped on to attack Morgan's cavalry on the
other side of town.

The other two battalions were detained by a dis-
mounted cannon. Sixty pushed forward under Major
Moderwell. Moderwell and Colonel Brent, the Con-
federate commander, met and severely wounded each
other. The sixty were almost overpowered, when the
rest of the forces came up. After a short but terrific
fight the rebels fled at their utmost speed.

Meanwhile the first battalion, two hundred strong,
had passed through town and attacked the six hun-
dred cavalry on the north side. One company of the
Twelfth charged them on the flank — the other three in
front; and, not knowing what force tiiey were fight-
ing in the uncertain dawn, the six hundred also fled
toward Lexington. Hot pursuit was made and many
prisoners taken, but the rebels were largely Kentuck-
ians and knew the country better than the Unionists;
so that the greater part escaped.

Morgan was absent with a detachment at the time
of this combat, but soon returned and gathered his
men. On the afternoon of the 9th he made a des-
perate effort to recover Mt. Sterling, but the Twelfth
Ohio lay behind a rail fence and cut his lines in
pieces with a terrific fire; then charged and utterly
routed him. In both contests the regiment had a
hundred and thirty-seven men killed, wounded and
missing.

Morgan then retreated to Cynthiana; his thinned
ranks being partly filled by rebel Kentuckians. There
Burbridge's command again attacked him, at dawn on
the 12th of June. The Twelfth Ohio and Eleventh
Michigan again charged with drawn sabers in the
front line, and again the rebels fled in utter confu-

172

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

sion. Major Herrick crossed the river with a sqnad
of fifteen. Seeing three or four hundred of the enemy
in line, the squad instantly charged and the rebels
fled, though doubtless they were influenced by the
operations of larger detachments who were likely to
cut off their retreat. Morgan's force was utterly
broken up, and at once fled through the mountains;
and HI fact the celebrated partisan never did any-
thing of much consequence afterward.

During most of the summer the Twelfth was sta-
tioned at Richmond, Kentucky, protecting the Union-
ists from guerrillas. On the 30th of September it
again set out for Saltville, with a force of nearly five
thousand cavalry and mounted infantry, still under
the command of General Burbridge. East of the Big
Sandy the roads were even worse than before, and
one night's march is described as probably the most
fearful one ever made on the continent when no
enemy was present. For miles the road wound along
enormous cliffs which towered on one side, while
terrific gorges yawned on the other. The rain fell in
torrents and Egyptian darkness shrouded the path,
save when the blinding lightning half revealed the
perils which threatened the devoted soldiery. No
less than eight men with their horses fell down those
awful precipices and were killed, while many others
who fell in less dangerous places, though badly
bruised, were drawn up by the lariats of their com-
rades.

The column at length reached the vicinity of Salt-
ville, and was making good headway against the
forces with which Gen. Breckenridge was defending
that place, when it was suddenly confronted by- a
large force, estimated at five thousand, of Early's in-
fantry, which had come through from the Shenan-
doah valley to defend the threatened point. The
Unionists were completely defeated, and considered
themselves fortunate in being able to escape through
the mountains to Kentucky. The Twelfth Ohio had
forty-nine killed and wounded On the expedition.

In November, 1864, the regiment went to East
Tennessee, and on the 12th of December set out on
the third expedition against Saltville, which the
Union generals seemed as determined to take as were
the old crusaders to capture Jerusalem. This time
the Twelfth was a part of six thousand cavalry under
Gen. Stoneman, which was joined in Virginia by a
smaller force under Gen. Burbridge.

After defeating Basil Duke and capturing Bris-
tol, with immense supplies, the column approached
Abingdon, Va., in the night. A Kentucky regiment
was ordered to charge into town. The colonel de-
monstrated on account of the darkness, etc., when
Lieut. Holt asked leave to lead the charge with Com-
pany F of the Twelfth Ohio. Leave was granted,
the company dashed forward at the gallop, and m
twenty minutes Abingdon was captured, though the
gallant lieutenant was badly wounded.

The command pressed forward and Gen. Gillem's
brigade of four regiments (the Twelfth being one)

was sent to Marion, where it met Vaughn's command
of rebel cavalry with eight pieces of artillery. Gil-
lem's men instantly charged, shattered the rebel force
and sent it flying on the road to Wytheville, thirty-
three miles distant. Then ensued one of the most
remarkable rides known in the history of war. At
every opportunity the Confederates placed one or two
guns in position and endeavored to stop the Union
advance. In every instance but a single shot was
fired ere the men of the Twelfth, with their comrades,
charged with the saber before the artillerists could
i-eload, and cut them down at their pieces or com-
pelled them to flee for their lives. In this way the
whole eight pieces were taken and three hundred
prisoners; besides which, half as many more were
killed and wounded.

Thirty-three miles were made in six hours without
hardly a shot being fired by the Unionists. When
the column reached the hill nearest Wytheville, the
town was in the wildest confusion. Vaughn's de-
moralized men were mingled with the garrison and
with the citizens fleeing from their homes, aud no
one knew what to do to escape from the terrible Yan-
kees. Gen. Gillem sent a flag" to demand a surrender.
It was refused, and scarcely had the bearer turned
back when Gillem thundered the order to charge,
and the brigade went forward like a whirlwind. The
Confederates attempted a feeble resistance but were
scattered in an instant, and Wytheville with alJ its
immense stores was in the hands of the Unionists.

After destroying the great railroad bridge over New
river, the brigade rejoined Stoneman and returned
toward Saltville, which had been passed. Gen.
Breckenridge left his intrenchments there, and came
to see who was tearing Virginia to pieces in this re-
markable manner. A regiment in advance of the
Twelfth met the enemy's cavalry, and began to dis-
mount in order to fight on foot. Major Herrick im-
mediately rode ahead with two hundred sabers,
charged and drove the enemy's horse, back in confu-
sion on his main body. Breckenridge had a large
force, but after maneuvering a while he began to fear
he should be cut in pieces, and fled to North Carolina.
The command then destroyed the great salt-works
at Saltville, thus striking another terrible blow at the
Confederacy, and started back across the mountains.

The hardships of the return were very great, the
Twelfth Ohio being constantly required to act as rear
guard, because, as the commanding general said, he
wanted " no skedaddling from the rear."

After six weeks in Kentucky the regiment again
went to East Tennessee, and engaged in its last great
expedition. It started on the 20th of March; the
whole force comprising six or seven thousand horse-
men under Gen. Stoneman. The column took an
extremely circuitous route, but finally struck the
Lynchburg and East Tennessee railroad at Christians-
burg, Virginia, tearing up fifteen miles of track and
preventing the retreat of Lee in that direction. Then
it rode eastward to the Richmond and Danville road,

TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALRY, ETC.

173

where it performed a similar service. Approaching
Salisbury, North Carolina, a part of the force, includ-
ing the Twelfth Ohio, defeated foar thousand Confed-
erate infantry with a single charge; capturing fourteen
cannon and thirteen hundred prisoners. It then re-
leased what Union prisoners were left at Salisbury,
and moved southward. It had no more serious fight-
ing to do, but by its movements aided in the capture
of Jefferson Davis, passed on through Georgia and
Alabama, and, after being sixty-seven days in the
saddle, reached the Union lines at Bridgeport in the
latter State on the 26th of May.

After serving in East Tennessee three mouths and
in Middle Tennessee two months more, it was mus-
tered out at Nashville on the 14th of November, 1865,
and was disbanded at Columbus, Ohio, on the 33d of
the same month.

IIEMBEKS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John F. Herrick, enr. as Oapt. Co. F, Sept. 19, 1863. Promoted to Major
Oct. 24, 1863, and to Lieut. Col. July 15, 1885. Besigned July 16, 1865.
Brig. Genl. by brevet.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Edward Clifford, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27. 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Major

Nov. 24, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 16, 1864.
John A. Phelps, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to Q. M, Sergt. May 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865.
Henry C Schenclc, enr. as Com. Sergt. Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out Nov.

24, 1865.
Howard H. Hall, enl. Oct. 13, 18B3, Promoted to Com. Sergt, and to Q.

M, Sergt. Nov. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY A.

Nicholas Anitillop, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov.

24, 1865.
Henry Gotts, enl. Sept. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability March 23, 1864.
James Hussey, enl. Sept. 26, 1863. Made ofScer of Sixth U. S. Col. Cav.
Donald W. McDonald, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Clifford. (See Non-com. Staff.)

COMPANY B.

John A. Phelps. (See Non-com. Staff.)

John Bums, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Disch. for disability April 27, 1865.

Eobert B. Foutts, enl. Oct. 24, 1863. Made ofBcer of 72d Reg. U. S. Col.

Troops Sept. 27, 1864.
George C. HinshiUwood, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Killed at battle of SaltvUle,

Va., Oct. 2, 1864.
George W. Middleton, enl. Nov. 23, 1863. Detached for special duty at

Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. 15, 1865.

COMPANY C.

William H. Collins, enl. Oct. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24,

1865.
John Snider, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY D.

Archibald H. Thomsen, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1863. Promoted to
1st Lieut, and transf. to Co. D May 11, 1865, and to Capt. Nov. 12,
1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865.

John Harney, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with tiie Co.

COMPANY E.

Archibald H. Thomsen, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st

Lieut, and transf. to Co. D May 11, 1865.
John W. Taylor, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 24, 1863. Mustered out June

10, 1865.
Lester Crittenden, enr. as Corp. Oct. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John B. Alchon, enl. Sept. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Bell, enl. Oct. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Lewis W. Dake, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Drowned at Louisville, Ky., March 28,

1864.
John Hartman, enl. Oct. 2'7, 1863. Died at Camp Nelson, Ky., Oct. 6, 1864.
John W. Myers, enl. Sept. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
William Tushingham, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Disch. Aug. 5, 1864.
John Withersty, enl. Oi!t. 27, 1863. Mustered out May 21, 1865.

oo"taPANy F.

John F. Herrick, enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1863. (See Field and Staff.)

Wells A. Chamberlain; enr. as Corp. Oct. 19, 1863, Promoted to Sergt.
Sept. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov, 24, 1865.

William I. Pond, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 117th
Reg. U. S. Col. Inf. July 15, 1864.

William Heftron, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out
with the Co.

Frederick Gotts, enl. Oct. 6, lc63. Made Trumpeter Nov, 1, 1885. Mus-
tered out with (he Co.

Frank L. Bostwick, enl. Oct. 26, 1863. Transf. to Reg. Band. Mustered
out with the Reg.

John Dagner, enl. Oct. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

William Long, enl. Sept. 25, 1883. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1884.

Thomas W. Nolan, enl. Sept. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co.

William L. Raymond, enl. Oct. 28, 1S63. Died at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June

15. 1864, from wounds rec'd .June 8.

Ellsha C. Woods, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Disch. Aug. 14, 1865.

Daniel M. Hall. enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 7, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Nov. 13. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1885.
Howard H. Hall. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Benj. A. Griggs, enl. Nov. 8, 1883. Killed in action at Mt. Sterling, Ky.,

June 9, 1864.
Charles M. Hall, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Died June 16, 1864, from wounds

rec'd in action June 8.

COMPANY H.

Lewis W Nickerson, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 22,

1864. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865.
William Braden, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Francis Newson. enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James W. Slocum, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Died at Louisville,. Ky., July 16,

1885.
Ralph Spencer, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY I,

Isaac Green, enl, Nov. 2, 1863. Killed at Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 1864.

COMPANY K.

James L. Green, enl. Nov. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23,

1865.
Frank P. Jacobs, enl. Nov. lU, 1883. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Johnson, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Killed at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 8,

1864.
Matthew Sanderson, enl. Nov. 16, 1853. Musterel out Nov. 9, 1865.
JohnB. Shannon, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May

10. 1865.

William Shears, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Speddy, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Joseph Waltermyer, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY L.

Orlando C. Van Wagneu, enl. Nov. 10, 1863.

Josiah D. Clarke, enl. Nov. 10, 1863 Mustered out with the Co. Nov.

24, 1865.
John Fesse, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George B. Fox, enl. Nov. 10, 186;. Mustered out with the Co.
Dennis Leary, enl. July 27 1864. Mustered out June 18, 1865.
William Sayles, enl. Nov. 3, 1863. Transf. to Vet Res. Corps Deo. 3, 1864.

Mustered out April 26, 1865.

COMPANY M.

William Humlong, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Prom, to Sergt. Maj. Feb. 17, 1864,

and to 2nd Lieut. Disch. July 20, 1865.
John H. Conoway, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1866.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865.
Joseph W. Bridge, enl. Nov . 2. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Martin Dosoh, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Forsythe, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. June 23, 1885.
John Jones, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Dennis Keef, enl. Nov. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co,
George Wilson, enl, Nov, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,
William A, Wicks, enl, Nov, 4, 1863, Mustered out with the Co,

22 a

174

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XXXV.

FIRST LIGHT ARTIL1.ERY, ETC.

The Old Militia Regiment— The Offer of Service— To the Front on Two
Days Notice— In West Virginia- The Fight at Philippi— Laurel Hill
and C'arrick's Ford— Mustered out of the Three Months' Service—
Re-organized tor Three Years— The Batteries serve separately—
K umber of Cuyahoga Men— Batteries mustered successively— Battery
A in Kentucky— At Corinth— Back to Kentucky, and then to Ten-
nessee—Four Guns lost at Stone River- Stubborn Fighting— The
Advance— Hotly engaged at Chickamauga— In East Tennessee— Re-
enllsted— The Atlanta Campaign— Pulaski and Columbia— Subsequent
Services— Mustered out — Battery B under Thomas— Wild Cat Camp
—Mill Springs— To and fro— Hard Fighting at Stone River— Chick-
amauga—The Re-enlistment— Long Sojourn at Bridgeport- Mustered
out— Battery C at Mill Springs- The Advance on Corinth— Northward
with Buell— In Reserve at Perryville— A Fight with Morgan— Its
Conduct at Chickamauga — The Re-enlistment — Through the Atlanta
Campaign — Down to the Sea, and through the Carolinas— Out of
Service— Batteiy D at Ivy Mountain— Captured at Mumfordsville—
Re-organized — Taking Cumberland Gap — Defending Knoxville— The
Atlanta Campaign, etc— Mustered out— Battery E on the Same Old
Ground — An Artillery Duel — Success and Disaster at Stone River —
Its Subsequent Battles— Home again- Battery G at Pittsburg Land-
ing—Long Marches— Stone River— Constant Services— Two Months
under Fire— Re-enlistment— After Wheeler— Resisting Hood— Nash-
ville—At Huntsville for the Winter— Into North CaroUna— At New
Orleans— Citizens Once More— Battery K in Virginia— McDowell,
Port Repbblic and Cedar Mountain— Lairv's Ford and Bull Run-
Hard Fighting at Gettysburg— With Hooker to Chickamauga- The
Fight at Night— Its Last Battles— End of Sei-vlce— Roster of Cuya-
hoga Soldiers in the Whole Regiment — Men of the Second Heavy
Artillery from this County.

The First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery had its
origin in a militia regiment, called the First Ohio
Light Artillery, which was organized in 1860. It
consisted of six companies; four, (A, B, D and E) of
Cleveland; one of Brooklyn and one of Geneva, in
Ashtabula county. It was oflBcered by Col. James
Barnett, Lieut. Col. E. B. Sturgis, Major Gates and
Quartermaster Amos Townsend. Each company had
but one gun; so that practically the strength of the
"regiment" was only that of a six-gun battery. It
took part in the Perry celebration of 1860, and in the
succeeding winter the officers and men adopted a reso-
lution tendering their services to the State govern-
ment in case of necessity. When the storm burst in the
spring of 1861, they were called on to redeem their
pledge, and did so with the greatest promptness.

The telegraphic order to take the field, with twenty
men per gun, came on Saturday, the 30th of April,
and in the evening of the following Monday, the com.
mand reached Columbus, whence it was sent to Mari-
etta. On the 28th of May it entered West Virginia.
Col. Barnett, with four guns, was stationed for a
while at Grafton. Lieut. Col. Sturgis, with two guns,
took part in the fight at Philippi, and it is stated
that these were the first cannon fired by the National
forces after the fall of Sumter. About the last of
June the detachment rejoined the regiment, which
then advanced with Gen. Morris' command to Laurel
Hill, and assisted in driving the rebels from that
place. They were pursued to Carrick's Ford, where
they were finally and completely routed, and their
commander. Gen. Garnett, was killed. The regiment
was then ordered back to Columbus, where it was
mustered out of the three months" service near the
26th of July.

Immediately afterwards Gov. Dennison, under
authority of the War Department, ordered the regi-
ment to be re-organized for three years as the First
Volunteer Light Artillery, with twelve batteries, of
a hundred and fifty men each. It was mustered in
on the 3d of September, 1861, and was provided with
a colonel, lieutenant-colonel and three majors; yet
from the nature of artillery service each battery acted
separately. The field officers were detached on vari-
ous staff positions, and rarely had any thing to do
with the batteries which were nominally under their
command. It will therefore be necessary to give a
slight sketch of the services of each battery which
had any considerable representation from Cuyahoga
county. Of these there were no less than seven; Bat-
tery A having thirty-eight Cuyahoga men during the
war; Battery B, ninety-nine; C, thirty-nine; D, sixty-
nine; E, sixty-two; G, a hundred and sixty-four, and
K, forty-eight. Besides these. Batteries H and K.
hae three Cuyahogians each; I, four, and M, one;
making a total of four hundred and ninety-two men,
besides the field and staff.

Things were done in a somewhat slip-shod way in
those early days, and at the time at which the mnster-
in of the regiment was dated few of the batteries
were full. As these were completed, they were mus-
tered in at Camp Dennison, and sent thence to the
field. Following, we give an outline (necessarily brief
to the extreme of meagerness) of their respective ser-
vices. The roster attached has reference only to the
three-years men.

BATTERY A.

Battery A was mustered into the service Septem-
ber 25, 1861, and proceeded at once to Louisville, be-
ing the first Ohio battery to report in that depart-
ment. Remaining in Kentucky during the winter,
it moved in the spring of 1862 to Pittsburg Landing,
via Nashville, reaching the former place at the close
of the memorable battle fought there. It was in the
advance on Corinth ; marched with General McCook
through Tennessee, and with Buell through Ken-
tucky. During these movements a portion of the
battery, being detached for the defense of Mumfords-
ville, was captured by Bragg. Marching southward
from Louisville in Sill's division, it participated in
numerous skirmishes en route, and did not reach
Perryville until three days after the battle at that
point.

In the Army of the Cumberland, under Eosecrans,
it operated in McCook's division. When the disaster
occurred on the right at Stone River, Battery A lost
four guns, but with the remaining two fought stub-
bornly at every possible point; the officers and men
continuing the contest until the last gun was disa-
bled, and then aiding to work the guns of other
batteries.

It was reorganized and equipped at Murfreesboro
and assigned to the second division of the Army of
the Cumberland. It participated in the movement

FIKST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC.

175

on Tullahoma aud fougho gallantly at Chickamauga,
where by the utmost exertion it saved its guns amid
the general disaster, though with a loss of seventeen
men killed and wounded. It entered Chattanooga
with the army and aided in the subsequent defense of
that town. While marching through East Tennessee
in December, 1863, and January, 1864, it fought fre-
quently with the enemy's cavalry, and invariably
drove them back. On the 30th of January it re-en-
listed, and soon returned to Ohio on veteran furlough.
It subsequently joined the second division of the
Fourth army corps, and took part in the entire At-
lanta campaign. Returning to Tennessee with the
Fourth corps, it was warmly engaged with the rebels,
under Hood, at Pulaski and Columbia. It passed on
without further active service to Nashville; arriving
just after the battle before that city. Later it was
sent to New Orleans, but after a short stay was
brought home and mustered out on the 31st of July,
1865.

BATTBEY B.

This battery was mustered into the service on the
8th of October, 1861, with one hundred and forty-
seven men, of whom ninety-nine were from Cuyahoga
county. It reported to Gen. Thomas in Kentucky,
and saw its first field service at Wildcat Camp, where
it silenced a rebel gun. On the 5 th of November it
joined the Seventeenth Ohio Infantry at Fishing
Creek, and during the ensuing month was busily en-
gaged in skirmishing and scouting. Moving on the
17th of January, 1862, to join Gen. Thomas at Mill
Springs, it was in the thickest of the fight at that
place, after which it proceeded to Nashville, where
on the 4th of March it went into camp.

On the 29th it joined Buell's army, and, until the
10th of July, was employed in looking after the rebel
cavalry then infesting Middle Tennessee. During
July, August and September it was almost constantly
on the march in Eastern and Middle Tennessee and
Kentucky. It occupied a place on the right wing of
Buell's army at the battle of Perrysville, but took no
part in the action. The battery encountered no stir-
ring adventure until its participation in the battle of
Stone river, in which it fought with great gallantry;
losing seventeen men killed, wounded and missing.
Its next important service was at the battle of Chicka-
mauga. On the second day of that combat it was
charged by a large body of the enemy, but at first
drove them back with heavy loss. Another charge
was made, and, as the infantry support had given way,
the battery was obliged to retreat with the loss of two
of its guns.

It shared the hardships of the siege of Chattanooga;
remaining near there until after the battle of Mission
Ridge. It then returned to Nashville, and, on the
4th of January, 1864, sixty-five of the original mem-
bers of the command re-enlisted as veterans. After
they had enjoyed their thirty days furlough, the bat-
tery reported to Gen. Thomas at Bridgeport, Ala.;
remaining stationed at that point until July, 1866.

It was then sent to Columbus, Ohio, and mustered
out; being one of the last organizations to retire from
the service.

BATTBRT C.

This organization was mustered into the service on
the 9th of September, 1861, and on the 1st of October
left Camp Dennison and reported to Gen. Thomas in
Kentucky. Directly thereafter it joined an expedi-
tion intended to relieve East Tennessee, and achieved
signal honors at the important victory of Mill Springs.
It joined Buell's army at Nashville, but did not reach
Pittsburg Landing in time to take part in the battle.
In the advance upon Corinth Battery C was busily
engaged, and was afterwards active in the pursuit of
the rebel army, formed a part of the rear-guard of
Buell's army on the march to Kentucky, and at
Louisville was assigned to the Fourteenth army
corps. At Perry ville Battery C was held in reserve
near Buell's headquarters.

In October, 1863, the battery was transferred to
the Fourteenth army corps. It was with Carlin's
brigade in a long march to intercept John Morgan,
and was engaged with that celebrated rebel in a sharp
conflict at Rolling Fork, Ky. It fought stubbornly
in the battle of Chickamauga, under tlie dauntless
Thomas, having thirteen men and thirty horses
killed aud wounded, and one gun dismounted, and
being warmly complimented by the distinguished
general just mentioned.

Mission Ridge saw the battery again in action.
After the achievement of that gi-eat victory it re-en-
listed and was sent to Ohio on veteran furlough.
Returning to Chattanooga in March, 1864, it left
there in May to share in the Atlanta campaign. It
bore a heroic part in the battles of Resaca, Cassville,
New Hope Church, Peachtree Creek and the seige of
Atlanta; losing twenty men in killed and wounded
during the campaign.

The battery accompanied Sherman on his Savannah
campaign and also on the march through the Caro-
linas; during which it was in action at Averyville
and Bentonville. Thenceforth it saw no more active
service, and, after appearing in the' grand review at
Washington, it was mustered out at Oleveland-ou the
15th of June, 1865.

BATTERY D.

Battery D was mustered into the service in Septem-
ber, 1861, with one hundred and fifty men, of whom
sixty-nine were from Cuyahoga county. On the 1st
of November it left Camp Dennison and reported to
General Nelson in Kentucky, and was engaged short-
ly afterwards in a sharp skirmish at Joy mountain,
Ky. After marching through Alabama, Tennessee,
Mississippi and Kentucky without being in action,
it fought at Mumfordsville in September, 1862, when
all its men and guns were captured. The men were
paroled and returned to Camp Chase, and, upon be-
ing exchanged in January, 1863, proceeded as a reor-
ganized and well equipped battery to Kentucky. It

176

GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

was represeDted by an important detachment in a suc-
cessful raid through East Tennessee: participated, in
July, 1863, in the capture of Cumberland Gap, and
took an active and gallant part in the celebrated de-
fense of Knoxville. After this the battery re-enlisted.
It marched with Sherman upon Atlanta ; did excel-
lent service at the battles of Franklin and Nashville,
and was eventually mustered out at Cleveland on the
15th of July, 1865.

BATTERY F.

This organization was mustered in August 23, 1861,
and in December joined the old Third division in
Kentucky. Subsequently it followed General 0. M.
Mitchell through Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama,
and was in General Sill's division during the pursuit
of Bragg. On the 16th of November, 1862, it fought
a brisk artillery duel with the First Louisiana Bat-
tery at Lavergue, Tennessee, in which it was com-
pletely victorious, and on the 27th of December as-
sisted in driving the rebels beyond Triune. It dis-
tinguished itself at Stone River; silencing a Texas
battery and repulsing repeated charges of infantry
and cavalry on the 30th of December. The next day,
however, it was completely overwhelmed, and all its
guns and twenty-five of its tnen were captured, be-
sides twenty-three men killed and wounded. Being
refurnished with guns, it took part in the battles of
Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and Nashville; being es-
pecially distinguished for its gallantry in the great
victory last mentioned. It was mustered out on the
10th of July, 1865.

BATTEKY G.

Battery G was emphatically a Cuyahoga-county
institution, having, including recruits, no less than
a hundred and sixty-four men from that county in its
ranks. It was mustered in at Camp Denuison in
December, 1861. On the 10th of February, 1862, it
marched to JefEersonville, Indiana, and on the 11th
of March was ordered to join the Fifth division.
On the 7th of April it entered the battle of Pittsburg
Landing, and was engaged the entire day; being the
only volunteer battery of Buell's army in that action.
It also served with Crittenden's division throughout
the siege of Corinth. After many long marches through
Alabama and Tennessee, during the summer and
autumn of 1862, it took part in the battle of Stone
River at the end of the year, but was not in the
hottest part of the fight. It was actively employed
in skirmishing at Murfreesboro and on the march to
Tullahoma, covered the rear in the retirement from
Dug Gap, and was almost continuously under fire
from the battle of Chickamauga until after the fight
at Mission Ridge.

On the 2d of December, 1863, it set out for Nash-
ville, where seventy-six out of ninety-six men re-
cnlisted; being mustered as a veteran battery on the
4th of January, 1861.

After being stationed at Nashville during the
spring and summer of 1864, it was engaged in several

sharp figlits in August, while pursuing Wheeler's
cavalry, which was driven across the Tennessee river.
The battery also checked Hood's advance into Frank-
lin on the 30th of November; losing on that occasion
twenty-three men in killed and wounded. From
December 2d to December 14th it was daily engaged
with the enemy at Nashville; taking an active part on
the latter day in the general engagement between
Generals Thomas and Hood. It also fought at Ru-
therford creek during Hood's retreat. During the
winter it was stationed at Huntsville, Alabama.

In March, 1 865, it moved with the Fourth corps
into Tennessee and North Carolina; returning to
Nashville in April. In June it accompanied the
same corps to New Orleans; returning in August,
1865, to Ohio, and being mustered out at Camp Chase
on the 1st of September, 1865.

BATTERY K.

Battery K left Camp Dennison in February, 1863/
jomed Geii. Schenck in Maryland and moved with
him into Virginia; fighting its first battle at Mc-
Dowell aad its second at Port Republic. It after-
wards moved through the Shenandoah valley with
Fremont, and fought under Pope at Cedar Mountain
and in other less important conflicts. It took part in
a sharp engagement at Lairy's Ford ; having sixteen
men killed and wounded, and thirty horses killed.
It was also engaged under Pope in the second battle
of Bull Run.

The next year Battery K won much honor at
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; losing on the latter
field thirty-two men in killed and wounded. In
October following, the battery accompanied the
Twentieth corps under Gen. Hooker to Chattanooga,
and was engaged in the night fight in Wauhatchie
valley, near that place. It closed its fighting career
at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. It was
afterwards stationed in Northern Alabama until July,
1865, when it was sent north, and on the 17th of that
month was mustered out at Camp Dennison.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

James Barnett, enr. as Colonel April 20, 1861. Mustered out atexpiration

of term of service Oct. 20, 1864.
William H. Hayward, enr. as Lieut. Col! Xov 25, 1861. Resigned April

1, 186.3.
Walker E. Lawrence, enr. as Major Sept. 13, 1861. Promoted to Lieut.

Col. March 8, 1864. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1864.
%Varren P. Edgarton, enr. as Capt. Aug. 2.3, 1861. Prom, to Major March

25, 1864. Res. July 9, 186.3.
Wilbur F. Goodspeed, enr, as 1st. Lieut. Battery A, Aug. 9, 1861. Prom.

to Capt. June 9, 1862, and to Major Oct. 20, 1864. Mastered out with

the Battery Aug. 10, 1865.
Charles E. Ames, enr. as Asst. Surg. July 24, 1862. Mustered out with

the Regiment.

NOX-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

James M. Watson, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disabil-
ity April 22, 1863.

Phillip Kreager, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. Mustered out
June 13, 1865.

George B. Xewberry, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. and to
Q. M. Sergt. June 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery July 15,
1865.

John McCauley, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. June 13, 1865.
Mustered out with the Battery.

FIEST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC.

177

BATTERY A.

Wilbur F. Goodspeed . (See Field and Staff. )

Charles W. Scoville, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. April 17,
1862; to Ist Lieut. June 9, 1862, and to Capt. Dec. 1, 1864. Mustered
out with the Uo.

Samuel W. Treat. Transf. from Battery G. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Mus-
tered out July 31, 1865.

Albert Eeigler, enl. as Sergt. Batt. E, Aug. 23, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut.
Batt. A, May 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles Campbell, enl. Aug. 21. 1861. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

JosepkW. GlUson, enl. Aug. 10, 1861. P omoted to Corp. Oct. 10, 1863.
and to Sergt. Sept. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Charles Goodsell. enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

John Meyer, tnl. Aug. 21, 1861. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Hazen J. Corlis, enl. June 32, 1863. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov.
29,1864.

Cyrus Cummings, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Chattanooga,
Jan. 29, 1865.

James J . Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at Nashville July 17, 1864.

George D. Fisher, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Chattanooga,
Nov. 4, 1864.

Ezra S. Honeywell, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, April
4, 1864.

James T. McKee, enl. June 5, 1863. Died Deo. 83, 1863, from wound re-
ceived at Chickamauga.

Silas E Stough, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, April
4, 1864.

Alonzo Wolf, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Marietta, July 19,
1861

Walter H. Barrows, enl. Dec 18,1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Leverett C. Brush, enl. Aug. 9, 1861. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31,
1862. Was exchanged and rejoined the Battery. Prom, to Corp. Aug,
13, 1863; and to Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Joshua Holloway, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Andrew L. Kibbe, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

George Wass, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 15, 1862. Paroled
and discharged 1863 .

Frederick W. Wirth, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Oct. 4, 1861 .
Mustered out Sept. 2.5, 1864.

Henry G. Bradley, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Varnum R. Grey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

George B. Hewitt, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 10, 1863.
Mustered out July 31. 1865.

Ozias C. Smith, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865.

Harmon M. Einear, enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability June 16, 1862.

Sherman J. Allen, enl. Aug. 6, 1868. Taken prisoner Sept. 15, 1862. Re-
joined the Battery, and was mustered out July 31, 1865 .

Frederick H. Adams, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Captured Sept. 15, 1862. Re-
joined the Battery, and was disch. July 31, 1865.

James A, Barr, enl. Aug. 20, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 85, 1864.
Mustered out July 31, 1865.

J. H. D. Barr, enl. Aug. 20, 1861 . Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Henry T. Barr, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.
Rejoined the Battery after exchange. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Charles A. Billings, enl. Aug. 15, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 25, 1864.
Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Cumfort E. Chaffee, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 4, 1861.
Mustered out Sept. 34, 1864.

Henry Perry, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Francis Brown, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Captured Sept. 15, 1862. Paroled and
disch. for disabdity June 24, 1863.

Henry E. Brown, enl. Dee. 21, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

Nathan K. Holcomb, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 24, 1864.

P. W. Holcomb, enl. Sept. 35, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 34, 1864.

Ira Van Ornum, enl. Deo. 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 10, 1865.

Thomas Jackson, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865.

BATTERY B.

William E. Standart, enr. as Capt. Aug. 10, 1861. Resigned Oct. 31, 1863.
John A. Bennett, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Captain

Battery I Sept. 16, 1863. Resigned Nov. 17, 1863.
Norman A. Baldwin, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Sept. 16, 1862; and to Capt. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with

the Battery, July 2s, 1865.
George D. Eldridge, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 1, 1861. Promoted to 2d

Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville, March 24, 1863.
Thomas J. Thompson, enr. as 1st t'ergt. Aug. 15, 1861.
John J. Kelly, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861 . Promoted to 2d Lieut. Sept.

16,1863. Resigned March 14, 1863.
David H. Throup, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

June 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph G. Lankaster, enr. as Coi p. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John H. Blair, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Bat-
tery.
Henry Moats, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. March

11, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery.

Lewis Fahrion, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 8, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Battery.
Gerhardt Schmidt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1831. Promoted to Sergt.

March 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery.
Nicholas Schroh, enl. Oct. 1, 1S61. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Snyder, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Battery.
Jacob Bluim, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Sehmehl, enl . Aug. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery July

22, 1865.
Edwin Chest-r, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Francis Carter, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Orlando P. Cutter, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mastered out with the Battery.
Thomas Dodd. enl. Jan. 37. 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles E. Fowler, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mustered out with the Battery.
John Grant, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
John McKinty, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mastered out with the Battery.
Henry McCowen, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Manning, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Newcomb, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
George W. Avery, enl.jSept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Royal B. Pease, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery,
James A . Rosborough, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with Battery
Albert Burton, enl . Sept . 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery .
Frank Bauer, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Albert C. Kain, enl. Feb. 23 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Campbell, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Albert B. Conkey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Curry, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Cardie, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Francis, enl. Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out witli the Battery.
Thomas Gaffey, enl. Feb. 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Heller, enl. Sept. 24, 1833. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Jabott, enl. Feb 2. 1864. -Mustered out with the Battery.
Nicholas Kaufman, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Richai-d Miller, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Meyers, enl. Jan 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Matthias Pfaff, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Wilson, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frederick Flick, enl. June 13, 1863. JIustered out with the Battery.
Alexander Manary, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustery out with the Battery.
Thomas Marks, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Dennis Troy, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
William M. Camp, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Jan 4, 1864. and to 2d Lieut. Battery D March 11, 1865.
William T. Quilliams, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt.

Transf. to Battery K April 6. 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864.
George W. Payson, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

Nov. 7, 1864.
Alonzo B. Adams, enr. as Corp. Sept. .5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mus-
tered out Nov. 7, 1864.
John Q. Adams, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Bat-
tery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1804.
Frank G. Eechley, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp . Disch. June 8,

1865.
Joseph Axford, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mu-tered out Sept. 15, 1864.
Robert S. Avery, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Charles Abbott, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
William Abbott, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Thomas K. Bayard, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864.
Charles H. Bull, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864.
Samuel B. Cole, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864.
Reason B. Case, enl. July 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April

88, 1864.
Frank Dietrich, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Joseph A. Day, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mustered out Nov. 7, 1864.
Albert Fahrion, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 23,

1864. Mustered out July 30, 1865.
WiUiam Freeman, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Fayette Green, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Disch.
William Grant, enl. Aug. 4. 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Charles G. Guilford, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Frank Hastings, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. May 18. 1865.
Charles L. Hayden, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
James Hathaway, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Patrick Kelley, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June. 16, 1865.
Conrad Koch, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out Jane 16, 1865.
Alonzo D. Lee, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864.
Henry Long, enl. Aug. 6, 1868. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Ira H. Matthews, enl. Feb. 34, 1864. Disch. May 13, 1865.
Henry Mace, enl. July 26, 1868. Transf. to Vet Res. Corps Feb. 27, 1864.

178

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

George Nagle, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala., Oct.

8, 1864.
Charles B. Raedler, enl. Aug. U, 18Q2. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
Lester J. Eiclimond, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Erastus H. Strop, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transt. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Sept. 1.5, 1SB4.
Levi L. Sawtell, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. Died at Nashville Feb. 24, 1864.
Charles L. Smith, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala.,

May 21, 1864.
Cyrus B. Valentine, enl. Oct. U, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864.

Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865.
James P. Willson. Died of fever in service.
William Broa, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
John French, enl. Aug. 12, 1SB2 .Mustered out June 16, 1865.
William C. Howe. enl. Aug. 11, 18itt. Transt. to Vet. Res. Corps.
Bradford Teachout, enl Aug. 4, 1862. Disoh. Feb. 3, 1864
Lyman B. Richmond, enl. Sept. 5, mn Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out n ith the Battery July 22, 1865 .
George Reading, enl. Sept 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Cassius C. Mcllrath, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery

July 28, 1865.
Silas A. Gardner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. May 13, 1865.
Dwight N. Hamlin, enl. Sept. 5, Win. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with the Battery July 22, 1865.
George Walters, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Musteied out with the Battery July

22, 1865.
Orlando D. Cole, enl. Aug, 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, March 8, 1864.
EobertGraham.enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.
Thomas J. Holcomb. enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865.

BATTERY C.

James Storer, enr. as Bugler Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Battery

C, Jan. 26. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John S. Carmichael, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery

June 15, 1865.
Thomas L. Allen, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles C. Crary, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Albert D. Crary, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
James Cunningham, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Fayette Dickens, enl. Jan 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Farley, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Samuel W. Gren, enl. Aug. 30, l'j;4. Mustered out with the Battery.
Daniel Hill, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Musiered out with the Battery.
George Wilcoz, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Andrew C. Johnson, enl. Aug, 22, 1862. Jlustered out with the Battery.
Jesse Long, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Mallory , enl . Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery .
Thomas McCarty, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Mitchell, enl. Deo. IS. 1863. Mustered out July 28, 1865.
Fred. H. Morse, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John H. Morse, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Wilham Mitchell, enl. Feb. 10, 1S64. Mustered out with the Battery.
Clay Robinson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.
Daniel Sweet, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Sawyer enl. Dec. .30, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jonathan Stafford, enl. Nov. 28, 1863. Mastered out with the Battery.
Howard W. Stowe. enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Norman H. Stalker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Alexander Thomas, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Allen Winterstein, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out June 17, 1865.
Henry Gilbert, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Killed in action atCassville, Ga.. May

18, 1864.

Harvey Brown, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died at JefEersonville, Ind., July 23,

1864.
Charles Coffin, enl. Feb. 12, 1863. Died at Marietta, Ga., July 18, 1864.
Harmon Haywood, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.,

April 1, 1864.
Charles E. Hemmingway, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Sept.

19, 1864.

Daniel McLaughlin, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Died at Nashville, Teun., April

4, 1864.
Stephen J. Parsons, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Died at Bridgeport, Ala., April

IS, 1864.
William H. Saunders, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville. Feb. 27, 1864.
Hansom Storm, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Died at Jefferson, Ind., Sept. 28, 1864.
Oscar Troop, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, .4pril 14, 1864.
Zachariah Blood, enl. Jan . 25, 1864. Disch.
Silas Mallory, enl. Jan. 2. 1864. Disch, May 25, 1864.
Martin Palmer, enl. April 15, 1864. Wounded May 28, 1864.

BATTERY U.

Lemuel R. Porter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Sept. 1, 1861. Resigned July 13, 1863.
Henry C. Lloyd, enr. as 2nd Lieut Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Battery E, 1st Tenn. Light Art. Oct. 3, 1863.
Albert Edwards, enr. as Corp. Batt. G. Nov, 30, 1861. Prom, to 1st Sergt.

to 3nd Lieut. Batt. K April 8, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Batt. D May 15, 1865.

Mustered out July 15, 1865.

Nathaniel M. Newell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to 8nd

Lieut. Jan. 1, 1862. Transf. to Batt. G.
Henry L. Vincent, enl. Batt. E. Made 1st Lieut. Batt. D. Disoh. Deo.

21, 1864.
Moses Y. Ransom, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

July 13, 1862. Resigned April 15, 1864.
William M. Camp, enr. as Sergt. Batt. B Aug. 10, 1861. Prom, to 1st

Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Batt. D March 11, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 15, 1865.
George B. Newberry. (See Non-Com. Staff.)
Cornelius Lineham, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Musiered out with the Battery.
Martin I. Bender, eur. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861.
Warran H. Goss, enl. Sept. 9, 1861.
Milford N. Newell, enl. Sept. 5, 1861.

George H. Brown, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Edward Crane, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 2.3, 1665.
Newman Koch, enl. Sept. 6, 1861.

William Killop, eul. Sept. 15. 1861. Mustered out with the Buttery.
James Mackey, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Christian Owen. enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 27, 1864.
Edward T. Pritehard, enl. Aug. 6, 1861.

Martin Settling, enl. Aug. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Richard Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864.' Mustered out with the Battery.
John Coughlin, enl. Feb. 24. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
George W, Demaline, enl, Feb, 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
George W. Dye, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Michael Farrell, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
James R. Grifflth. enl. Dec, 37, 1863. Disch. July 7. 1865.
Edwin Hoyt, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Casper A. Hendershott, enl. March. 7, 1864. Mustered out with Battery.
Philip Lovell, enl Feb. 26, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.
George W, Mai-kle, enl. Feb, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Batteiy.
William P. Morrison, enl. Feb, 27, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.
Levi D. Post, enl. Aug. 25, 1868. Disch. May 31, 1865.
Henry L, Phillips, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustei ed out with the Battery.
Frank M. Root, eul. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
A. H. Richardson, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Raleigh, March

6. 1865.
Fred. U. Spink, enl. Jan. 11, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.
Watson D. Savage, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Myron Silsby, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frederick Ellsler, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery,
Andrew A. Poe, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 15, 1864.

Killed in action June 17, 1864.
Seneca Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at KnoxvlUe, Tenn., May 10, 1864.
Edwin Bell, enl. March 7. 1864. Died at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 18, 1866.
Thomas B. Holness, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Died in Hosp. at Greensboro, N.

C, May 23, 1865.
John Shellhorn, enl. Feb. 20. 1864. Died at Atlanta, Ga., July 29, 1864.
James Southwood, enl. Aug. 21, 1868. Died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 10, 1864.
David R. Watson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June

10, 1865.
Fulton Waite, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Prom to Corp. Disch. June 10, 1866.
John F. Adams, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Disch. June 10, 1865.
William Boyd, Jr., enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
James H. Bateman, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 , Disch. June 10, 1865.
Peter Cavener, enl. Jan. 3, 1863, Mustered out Jan. 2, 1865.
William Cumberworth. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Jacob M. Demas, enl. Aug. 39, 1804. Disch. June 10, 18J5.
Nelson Holcomb, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. May 12, 1866.
Burton J. Hoadly, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. . Disch. June 10, 1865.
George A. James, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
John G. King, enl. Aug. 18, 1868. Disoh. June 10, 1805.
Chester King, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
George Lovell, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Julius D. Mai shall, enl. Feb. 86, 1864. Disch. tor disability Aug. 20, 1864.
Daniel Mooney, enl. Jan. 2, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 2, 1865.
Frederick Moe, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
James Sangster, enl. Aug. 12, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Sylvester Silsby, enl. Aug. 89, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Albert Smith, enl. Aug. 9, 1868. Disch, June 10, 1865.
Charles Stearns, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Henry Steward, enl. Aug. 17, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Daniel A. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disoh. June 10, 1865.
Luke Usher, enl. Aug. 18, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865.
James W. Whitney, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865.
Trueman C. Gaylord, enl, Feb, 29, 1864. Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Oct.

4, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 5, 1865.

BATTERY E.

Warren P. Edgarton. (See Field and Staff.)

Andrew Berwick, enr. as 3nd Lieut. Aug. 23, 1861 . Transf. to Batt. K.
Albert Reigler, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Prom, to Batt. A.
Henry G. Vincent, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. S3, 1861. Promoted to 2nd
Lieut. Jan. 25, 1863. Sent to Batt. D.

FIEST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC.

179

William Fulton, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864.
William H. Laughlin, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Ricliard McKeen, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Jacob Westerman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Pliilander B. Gardner, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865.
John M. Hixon, enl. July 3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Battery.
Cyrus P. McKenzie, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Valentine H. Ault, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John E. Burrell, enl. Deo. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

Wellington F. Brown, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

William Carman, enl. Aug. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

William O. Davis, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Jerome Desmyers, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

Oliver S. Emerson, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Abram Fowle/, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Joseph Hoover, enl. July 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Hart. enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

David James, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Truman D. Miller, enl. Oct . 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Qeorge W. Mason, enl. Jan. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Stephen M. Parrish, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Robert Rockwood, enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Thomas Strind, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

David Shaffer, enl. July 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

John S. Slooum, enl. Aug. 29, 1884. Mustered out with the Battery.

William Yamans, enl. Aug. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

George Bond, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out Nov. 5, 1864.

Nathaniel Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disabiUty March 4, 1863.

Rufus H. Law, enl. Oct. 4, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1863.

Joshua W. Dewey, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.

Philo French, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1,S61. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.

John W. Luce, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. tor disability Jan. 23,

1864.
Francis J. Root, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability June

18, 1862.

Elijah M. Strong, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Setgt. May

16, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Nathan B. Harrington, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Thomas S. Berwick, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala., May 10, 1862.
Alfred W. Chapman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Coi-p. Sept. 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865.
George F. Carman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Francis M. t rost, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Battery.
Francis Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 21, 1862.

Disch. for disability May 27, 1864.
George B. James, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Charles E. Frost, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 17,

1865.
Patrick Nugent, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 6, 1862.
Anton Seavers, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Savoy, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out May 28, 1863, on account

of wounds received at Stone River Dee. 31, 1862.
Walter West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sep. 1. 1864. Be-enlisted

Oct. 12,1864. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., March 17, 1865,
Slater West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861 Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry O. West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 21, 1862.

Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864.
Charles Bark, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery July

10, 1865.
Edwin B. Brown, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Edmund Claflin, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 22,

1862.
Ashbel W. Coates, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 17, 1863.
William S. Simpson, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 7, 1864.
James Storer, enr. as Bugler, Oct, 7, 1861. Prom, to Bitt, C.
Kellum Smith, enl, Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. April 5, 1863, on account of

wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.
Joseph Lowrey, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery

July 10, 1865.

BATTERY F.

Joseph Bound, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, July

22, 1865.
George Hall, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Lafayette Joiner, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, June 30,

1864.
James Lloyd, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Wounded Dec.

19, 1864. Died at Columbia, Tenn., Jan. 12, 1865.

Torrence Montague, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles M. Roof, enl. Dee. 28, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Mustered

out Aug. 31, 1865.
Joseph Speddy, enl. Die. 24, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Promoted to

Corp. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1865.
Charles A. Stackhouse, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with Battery.

BATTERY Q.

Joseph Bartlett, enr. as Capt. Nov. 16, 1861. Resigned Jan. 21, 1863.
Alexander Marshall, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 12, 1861. Promoted to Capi.

Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Aug. 31. 1865.
Nathaniel M. Newell. Transf. from Battery D; made 1st Lieut. Mus-
tered out Aug. 31, 1863.
Frank W. Edgerton, enl. Deo. 10, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. June 4,

1865. Mustered out with the Battery.
Samuel W. Treat, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 21, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

July 14, 1863. Transf. to Battery A.
Robert D. Whittlesey, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 17, 1851. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

July 9, 1862; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. Resigned May 20, 1863.
Harmon J. Clarke, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 3, 1861. Mustered out with Batt.
George W. Bills, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 21, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut, Nov,

26, 1862; and to 1st Lieut, Aug, 28, 1863, Resigned Jan, 20, 1865,
Dwight J, Sheldon, ear, as Sergt. Nov. 23, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March

11, 1864.
John White, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 1, 1861.
William F. Sliney. Transf. to Battery I.
Henry J. Farwell, eur. as Sergt. Nov. 25, 1861. Transf. to Battery M

March 11, 1864.
DeWitt G. Rathbun, eur. as Corp. Nov. 13, 1861.
WiUiam Whitehead, enr. as Corp. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March

11, 1864.
Albert Edwards. Transf. to Battery D.
Henry Clague, enr. as Corp. Dec. 12, 1831. Transf. to Battery M March

11, 1864.
Benj. C. Martin, ear. as Corp. Nov. 25, 1861.
Walter H. Davidson, enl. Dec. 23, 1861,
Robert Mathison, enl. Dec! 30, 1851. Died in Hosp. at New Orleans, July

25, 1865.
Daniel Allen, enl. Dec. 4. 1861. Wounded at Spriag Hill, Tenn., Nov.

29, 1864. Died at Nashville, Deo. 6, 1864.
Charles Aiken, enl. Dec. 12, 1861.

Peter Anderson, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Brogan, enl. Nov. 29, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry H. Barnett. enl. Deo. 5, 1861.

Martin Branain, enl. Dec. 14, 1881. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Albert Bishop, enl. Dec. 20, 1861.
Thomas Burrows, enl. Dec. 1, 1861.
Jacob Bieber, enl. Dee. 14, 1831. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Battery.
Albert N. Beldon, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Harry Bonner, enl. Nov. 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Samuel Brigham, enl. Dec. 23, 1831. Mustered out with the Battery.
James H. Clinton, enl. Deo. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Wounded

Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. June 14, 1865.
John M. Clinton, enl. Nov. 18, 1881. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Henry S. Camp. Promoted to Battery K.

Henry Cline, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
John Cline, enl. Dec. 25, 1861. Mustered out May 14, 1865.
George B. Cox, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
William S. Carter, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Cartwright, enl. Dec. 6, 1861.

David Camp, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
James Crandall, enl. Nov. 26, 1861.
John Doherty, enl. Deo. 17, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 7,

1864.
Riley Dayton, enl. Nov. 30. 1861.
George Day, enl. Dec. 10, 1861.
Richard S. Elliott, enl. Nov. 24, 1861.
John L. A. Feuton, enl. Dec. 25, 1861.
Alexander H. Griswold, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March

11, 1864.
James C. Hackney, enl. Dec. 11, 1861.
Elijah Harrington, enl. Nov. 20, 1861.

William Harlow, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Charles Hogeland, enl. Nov. 12, 1861.
Thomas Hicks enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Battery

M March 11, 1864.
Sheldon C. Hudson, enl. Dec. 35, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Frank Hunter, enl. Deo. 5, 1561. Mustered out with the Battery.
Benjamin Hard, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Harvey R. J ones, enl. Dec. 5, 1861 .

David Johnston, enl. Nov. 26, 1831. Mustered out with the Battery.
James Kelley, enl. Dec. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Sidney M. Kellogg, enl. Dec. 7, 1861 .
John Lee, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
Thomas Lewis, enl. Dec. 16, 1861.

John Lilies, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Thomas Moran, enl. Nov. 21, 1861.
Seth Manley, enl. Nov. 12, 1861.
John Murphy, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Batteiy.
Clarence L. Marsh, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.

180

TxENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Jobn Marshall, eal. Nov. 51, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. June 18, 186.n.

Mustered out with the Battery.
John McCauley. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)

John McNamara, enl, Dec. 5, 1861. Transf . to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Ansel Minor, enl. Dec. 3, 1861.

Charles Myers, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Patrick Mackin, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864.
Henry Miller, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Larton Prince, enl. Nov. 29, 1861.

Albert Pettis, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Peck, enl. Dec. 5, 1861,
Wilbur Parmenter, enl. Dec. 3, 1891.

Mortimer L. Paddock, enl. Nov. 16, 1861, Prom, to Bait. M.
Niles Reese, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. Transf. to Co, M March 11, 1864.
Hazen L. Roberts, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June 13, 1865,

Mustered out with the Battery,
John Eadey, enl, Nov, 14, 1861.
Lewis F. Stacks, enl. Dec 3, 1861.
William H. Stacks, enl. Dec. 7, 1861.
Thomas Strong, enl. Nov. 25, 1861.
Lawson Stearns, enl. Nov. 20, 1861.
Lewis H, Stone, enl. Nov. 25, 1861.
Sebastian Sherwood, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Killed at Franklin, Tenn., Nov.

30, 1864.
Charles Smith, enl. Dec. 25, 1861.
Edwin N. Taft, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. June 13, 1865.

Mustered out with the Battery.
William H. Taft, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch, for disa-
bility Feb. 1, 1864.
Thomas Tracy, enl. Deo. 5, 1861.

Jonathan D. Wheeler, Dec. 3, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864,

Samuel S. Wheeler, enl. Nov, 26, 1861, Mustered out July 10, 1865,
John Wench, enl, Dec. 17, 1861, Transf, to Co. M. March 11, 1864.

Henry Wiles, enl. Dee, 17, 1861, Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864,

Joseph Wade, enl. Dec. 11, 1861.

Philip Kreager. (See Non-Com, Staff.)

Alex. M. Clinton, enl, Dec, 28. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Wounded at
Franklin, Tenn., Nov, 30, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865.

Carlos S. Cooley, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 Disch. for disability March 31, 1865.

Jacob T. Cramer, enl, Feb. 34, 1864. Mustered out May 31, 1865.

Washington France, enl, Deo, 23, 1863, Disch. May 25, 1864.

Gustave Keyes. enl . Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 13, 1865.

John Maher, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability June 17, 1865,

Thomas H. Smith, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out Jnne 13, 1865,

Addison Stockham, enl. Aug, 15, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865,

George M, Stockham, enl, Aug, 16. 1862. Mustered out June 1, 1865.

George H. Winchell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Wounded at Franklin, Tenn ,
Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. March 16, 1865.

John B. Wiles, enl , Feb , 25, 1864. Mustered out May 16, 1865.

George Waddle enl. March 3, 1864. Disch. for disability June 21, 1865,

William U. Sked, enl, Jan. 1, 1862. Transf, to Vet. Res. Coi-ps Feb. 26,
1864.

William Duty, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps Sept, 30,
1864,

Warren R. Starks, enl, Feb, 25, 1864, Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps. Sept.
4, 1864.

Charles A, Whiting, enl, Jan. 1, 1862. Transf, to Co. M. March 11, 1864.

Orin S. Carifleld, enl. Oct. 26, 1863, Died at Nashville July 14, 1864,

Thomas Munson, enl. Aug. 9, 1864. Died at Nashville March 20, 1865.

David P. Malcolm, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died nt Nashville July 10, 1864.

John McGuire. enl.. Oct. 26, 1863. Died at New Orleans July 26, 1865.

John Proctor, enl. Deo. 39, 18B3, Died at Huntsville, Ala,, Jan, 12, 1865.

Roswell Stevens, enl. Feb. 35, 1863. Died at Nashville, May 8, 1864.

James Kirby, enl. Feb. 34, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 13, 1865. Mus-
tered out with tha Battery.

Frank Case, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp, June 13, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Battery.

John H. Brown, enl. Jan. 5, 1854. ^Mustered out with the Battery,

Adam Cash, enl, Dec, -30, 1863, Clustered out with the Battery,

Norman Cleveland, enl. Jan. 19, 1S64, Mustered out with the Battery,

Simon Dallas, enl. Dec. 33. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

Benjamin Fisher, enl. Dee. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

William Frazier, enl. Marchl, 1864. Mustered out with theBatteiy.

Arlington P. Hall, enl. Dec, 22. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Casper Harman. enl. Marchl, 1864. Mustered out with the Baltery.

Edwin Jones, enl. Feb, 33, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery,

James Keough, enl. May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Kelley, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery,

John Livingston, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

WiUiam ."^litchell, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

James Matson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Theodare Miller, enl. :March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Philip Phifter, enl. Dec. 33, 1863.

John Phiffer, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

Edward H. Pettis, enl. March 7, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles Riddle, enl. Feb, 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Petf I- St. George, enl. Jan. 7, l!-64. Mustered out with the Battery.

Alfred P Snodgrass, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Edwin Searight, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Lorenzo Stacey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas J, Smith, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865.
William Stewart, enl. Jlarch 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Hugh Stewart, enl, March 25, 1864. Mustered out with the I'altery.
Charles H Taggart, enl. Deo. 7. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas E. Wagner, enl. Jan. 5, 1854. Mustered out with the Battery.
John F. Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
John Schreiber, enl. Aug 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Alonzo C Waters, enl, Aug, 9, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Patrick Burke, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 26,

1864 Returned to the Battery and was mustered out with it.
James W. House, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 13, 1865.
Chandler Waters, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

June 13. 1865.
Charles A. Calhoun, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Luke D Eddy, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Oscar L. Hosmer. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
John Litsel, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.

BATTERY H.

Thomas H. Bartlett, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 28, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Co. K.
Lorenzo D. Whitney, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out June 14. 1865.
Lucien L. Phillips, enl. Nov. 17, 1861. Mustered out Nov. 17, 1864.

BATTERY I,

William F, Sliney, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 12, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. May

31,1863; to 1st Lieut. Battery I, Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out July

24, 1865.
Charles F, Chase, enl, June 7, 1861, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans, to Battery I,

Dec, 5, 1861, Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Sept. 25, 1832. Declined a second

promotion. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
George H. Simmonds, enl. June 10, 1861, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans. Dec. 5,

1861. Mustered out July 24, 1865.

Albert A. Woolsey. enl. June 5, 1861. Transf. Dec. 5, 1861.

BATTERY K.

Andrew Berwick, transf. from Batt. E. Prom to 1st Lieut. Battery K,

Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865.
Henrys. Camp, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Prom to 2nd Lieut. Batt K, Jan 7,

1862, and to 1st Lieutenant March 27, 1862. Died Sept. 15, 1S62, from
wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Va.

Thomas H. Bartlett. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Sept. 14, 1862. Resigned

Oct, 1, 1863.
Edwin C. Burns, enl, Nov. 33, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan. 7,

1864.
Charles M. Shirley, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Prom, to 1st Sergt. May 1, 1862;

to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 2, 1863; to 1st. Lieut. Sept. 24, 1863. Disch. Oct.

15, 1863, for disability caused by wounds received at Gettysburg,

July 1, 1863.
William Cobblediok, enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16 1865.
Phillip Derringer, enl, Oct. 29, 1861. Disch. Dec. 31, 1862.
Milo Gage, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Transf. to Battery B. Dec. 1, 1861, Mus

tered out July 22, 1865.
Charles Herrig. enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865.
John Irvine, enl, Nov, 20, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 12, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Battery .
Henry Blackford, enl, Jan. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 10, 1862.
William W, Burnham, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner July 22, 1863.

Died at Andersonville, June 21, 1864.
David Brooks, enl. enl. March 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John C. Coover, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to the Navy April 9, 1864.
William Clark, enl. Jan. 15, 1862. Mustered out Feb. 20, 1865.
John A. Davidson, enl. Sept 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John S, Danks, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Dillon, enl. May 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Eddy, enl . May 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Batter y,
Richard C. Ferry, enl, Jan, 18, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery.
Timothy Gorman, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
William George, enl. Aug. 29, 1862, Missing since battle of Gettysburg,

July 1, 1883.
Jacob F, Henry, enl, Feb. 1, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps Dec 25, 1864.

Mustered out Feb. 20, 1865.
Charles Hitchcock, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. for disabiUty April 14, 1863.
Ernest Hey se, enl, Feb. 1. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
David Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27, 1863, Disch. for disability March 11, 1863.
John Heffron, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Findley Hiddleson, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Karr, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Kern, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865.
Charles Klasgye, enl. Feb. 1. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Klasgye, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Martin Kirkbride, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas Leary, enl. Jan. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

THE INDEPENDENT BATTERIES, ETC.

181

Thomas Lewis, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Leander Little, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frederick Minor, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Adam Olhoff, enl. Feb. 1, 18B2. Disoh. for disability Nov. 8, 1862.
■ Lewis Opert, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.
Henry B. Peacock, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Edwin R. Potter, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Benjamin Potter, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out June 13, 1864.
Elmer H. Rand, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jlussell P. Reed, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Sander, enl. Jan. 1.5, 1 .62. Mustered out Feb. 20. 1865.
Edmund F. Stafford, enl. Feb. 3, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 1,

1863. Mustered out Feb. 20, 186B.
John A. Snyder, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1762.
Jacob Snyder, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Stein, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Winchester, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to

the Navy April 9, 1864.

BATTERY L.

Theodore C. Weed, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery

July 4, 1865.
Nathan Clause, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Disch. tor disability Sept. 27, 1862.
JuUus C. Trumbull, enl. Dec. 18 1861.

BATTERY M.

Mortimer L. Paddock, Batt. G. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Batt. M Nov. 26,
1862, and to 1st Lieut. March 30, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 14, 1864.

SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.

COMPANY M.

George Beckwith enl. Feb. 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Aug. 23,

1865.
John Curtin, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Frank Mo den, enl . Feb. 9, 1864, Mustered out with the Co.
Elias Rogers, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Vanness Sherwood, enl. Feb. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Stephen C. Warner, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Heni-y Chase, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.
Owen Chase, enl. Aug. 31. 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.
Gordon H. Shepard, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.

CHAPTER X XXVI.

THE INDEPENDENT BATTERIEd, ETC.
General Remarks— The Sixth Battery a part of John Sherman's Brig-
ade— It opens the Battle of Mill Springs — The Advance on Corinth-
Silencing a Rebel Battery at Stone River— Guns lost and retaken-
Inflicting a Crushing Defeat— Its Part at Chickamauga— The At-
lanta Cmpaaign— In the Thick of the Fight at Franklin— The End
of Service — Members from Cuyahoga County— The Ninth Battery
raised for the Forty-first Infantry— A Small Beginning— Gallantry
at Mill Springs— Cumberland Gap— Skirmishes in 1863— Re-enlist-
ment—The Atlanta Campaign, etc- Mustered out— The Cuyahogians
— The Fifteenth Battery— Off to the Front— Grand Junction and
Coldwater Creek— Vioksburg and Jackson— The Raid through Missis-
sippi—To Northern Georgia— Its Numerous Services in the Atlanta
Campaign— Through the Carolinas- Citizens Again— The Cuyahoga
List— The Nineteenth a Cuyahoga Battery— Its Intelligence and
Standing— Enthusiasm on their Departure— Service in Kentucky—
A Grateful People— A Section, at McConnellsville— A Frenzied Vil-
lage—The First Skirmish of the Nineteenth — The Enemy runs
away— His Capture resulting— With Burnside to East Tennessee-
Capture of Cumberland Gap— The Defense of Knoxville— A Section
in Fort Saunders— The Terrible Defeat of the Rebels— Setting forth
for Atlanta— Opening Fire on the Works at Atlanta— The Battle of
Nashville— Off to North Carolina— Its Services there— In Service no
longer— The Residents of Cuyahoga— Another Battery from this
County— Trouble among the Officers- Engaged at Chickamauga^
The Atlanta Campaign — Guarding Sherman's Flanks — Defeating
Wheeler at Dalton — A Section surrendered — The Other Two with
Thomas— Franklin and Nashville— Stationed at Chattanooga— Mus-
tered out— The Cuyahoga Men — The Twenty -first Batteiy guards
Vallandigham— Watching Morgan— Fight at Walker's Ford, Tennes-
see—Services in Tennessee and Alabama— Return and Muster out—
Twenty-flfth Battery— Gen. Blunfs Detail— The Victories of New-
tonia and Prairie Grove— Made the Twenty-fffth Ohio Battery-
Service in Missouri and Arkansas— Fighting North of Little Rock-
Mustered out in August, 1865— Cuyahoga Members— Fifth United
States Colored Infantry— Begun as the One Hundred and Twenty-sev-
enth Ohio— Slow Recruiting— Changed to the Fifth Colored Infantry—
In Virginia — Storming the Hights before Petersburg — Capturing
New Market Hights— Terrible Loss— North Carolina— End of Service
—List of Cuyahoga Soldiers.

Besides the regiments of light and heavy artillery,
tliere were twenty-six independent batteries of light

23 a

artillery raised in Ohio during the war; each having
a hundred and fifty officers and men, including a
captain, two first lieutenants and two second lieuten-
ants. Six of these contained delegations from Cuya-
hoga county, and of these we give a slight account in
the succeeding pages.

SIXTH BATTERY.

This originally formed a part of a brigade recruit-
ed under the supervision, and largely through the
exertions, of Senator (now Secretary) Sherman,
which was consequently known as John Sherman's
brigade. It was organized near Mansfield in Novem-
ber, 1861, and contained during the war eighteen
members from Cuyahoga county. It served in vari-
ous parts of Kentucky during the following wiutei',
and its presence on the Cumberland brought on the
battle of Mill Springs. It reached Pittsburg Land-
ing soon after the battle, and took part in the advance
on Corinth. From the 39th of April to the end of
its service it was always in the brigade or division of
G-en. Wood. The battery participated in the pursuit
of Bragg into Kentucky, and was present at Perry-
ville though not engaged.

At Stone River the Sixth silenced a rebel battery
on the first day; the next, while detached from its
regular position to check the overwhelming advance
of the rebels against McCook's corps, it was tempora-
rilv outflanked and two guns were captured, which,
however, were retaken a quarter of an hour later. The
third day it was a part of the massed artillery which
inflicted a crushing defeat on the advancing foe.
On the fourth day (January 2d) the Sixth withdrew
at one time on account of a rear fire from another
Union battery, but soon took part in the final conflict
which decided the victory in favor of the National
forces. The next autumn, at Chickamauga, the bat-
tery was warmly engaged; having eight officers and
men killed and wounded.

Having re-enlisted in December, the Sixth took
part in the Atlanta campaign the next spring; being
engaged almost every day from Dalton to Atlanta.
Returning with the Fourth corps, the battery was in
the very hottest part of the battle of Franklin, and
aided materially in gaining that decisive victory. It
went through much arduous but not dangerous ser-
vice after this, and was mustered out in September,
1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

David Baughman, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps April

21, 1865. Disch. Aug. 30, 1865.
Thomas Goyette, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery Sept

1, 1865.
James M. Hawk, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Daniel McGruvy, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Patrick O'Hearn, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Scott, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Timmens. enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Stephen Welch, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas Burnett, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865.
John Costello, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. June 12. 1865.
Orcellus Flowers, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865.
George Falk, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865.
Joseph KempUn, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Disoh. June 12, 1865.

182

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA OOUKTY.

WUliam Morley, enl. Aug. S7, 1864. Discli. June 12, 1865.
WiUiam MoGruvy, enl. Aug. 37, 1864. Disch. June 12. 1865
Benedict Schilling, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1X6.5.
Robert S. Treen, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Disch June 12, 1865.
Thomas Benton, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 38
1864.

NINTH INDEPENDENT BATTERY.

This command, originally intended to form a por-
tion of the Forty-first Infantry, was organized October
11, 1861, for three years service, with three commis-
sioned officers, eighty men and tour guns, but after-
wards became a full battery. During the war it had
thirty-two members from Gu\-ahoga county. It left
Cleveland for Kentucky on the 7th of December,
and, after remaining in camp upwards of a month,
participated in the battle of Mill Springs; receiving
from Gen. Thomas, on account of its gallant services
on that occasion, two bronze guns captured from the
enemy. Subsequently the Ninth fought at Cumber-
land Gap, where it was under a seven hours continu-
ous fire, and shared in the numerous movements
which resulted in the capture of that stronghold in
June, 1863, as well as in the hardships of the retreat
which was subsequently found to be necessary.

After being increased to a six gun battery it served
with the army of the Cumberland until the next
spring; was smartly engaged with the enemy at
Franklin and Triune, Tenn., and during June and
July, 1863, had several skirmishes near Triune and
Murfreesboro. Exciting but not important exper-
iences attended the battery until February '12. 1864,
when forty men of the original organization re-enlisted
as veterans and returned to Cleveland. On the 9th
of April, 1864, it appeared for duty at Tullahoma,
Tenn., whence in May it departed with Sherman in
the Atlanta campaign, and took an active part in the
many battles of that al'duous but glorious struggle.
It also attended him in his " Marcli to the Sea,'' per-
forming good service whenever called upon, and was
eventually mustered out at Cleveland on the 25th of
July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Edwin Cowles, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec.
12, 1862. Resigned April 20, 1864.

Albert Eves, enl. Feb. 28. 1864. Promoted to Corp. May 18, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Battery.

Selby Ashcraft, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles Buchanan, enl . Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Blodgett, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Ransom Brown, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

John H. Bullock, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Adrian Brown, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Peter Bennett, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Walter W. Clough, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Frank Dufresul, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Frank E. Eggleston, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered outwith the Battery.

John K. Ensworth, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Lucius Fowler, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles T. Hansard, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered outwith the Batteiy.

Alonzo P. Jacques, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Seth Knowles, enl. March 2.5. 1864. JIustered out with the Battery.

David A. Kelso, enl. March 16. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles Light, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Mehan, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Eugene A. Pendleton, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with Battery.

Charles A. Robinson, enl. Dec. 31. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

William H. Schoffer, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Ransom L. Smith, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

Josiah M. Smith, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Delmar Stevens, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Clare Thompson, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery,
John Vandervert, enl. Aug, 30, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Caleb Williams, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Thomas J. Willi ms, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Henry M. Starin, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch. Feb. 28, 1863.
Phineas W. Sherman, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Disch. June 28, 1864.

FIFTEENTH BATTERY.

Recruited in the counties of Trumbull, Ashtabula,
Cuyahoga and Lorain, the Fifteenth battery was mus-
tered in for three years, February 1, 1863, reported
to General Grant at Pittsburg Landing April 3d, and
as a part of the Fourth division participated in the
siege of Corintli.

It did some brilliant work in a skirmish near Grand
Junction, Tenn., in September, 1862; fought in the
battle of Motamora on the 5th of October; and w; s in
the thick of the fight at Cold Water Creek, on the
19th of April, 1863. The battery went down the
Mississippi with Gen. Grant; was on the front line
during the siege of Vicksburg. and was engaged in
July at Jackson, Mississippi. After operating on the
Mississippi and lying in camp at Vicksburg until
February, 1864, it marched eastward with Sherman
against the enemy at Meridian, Enterprise and Quit-
man, Mississippi, and then returned to Vicksburg,
where thirty-six of its men re-enlisted.

After recruiting, the battery joined Sherman in
Northern Georgia, fought in the battles at Kenesaw
mountain, was occupied in severe skirmislies and en-
gagements on theNicojack and ChattaJioociiie rivers,
and was present at the capture of the Augusta rail-
road near Decatur, Ga. It did very important work
in the bloody fight of July 23d, when Gen. McPher-
son was killed ; and on the 28th of the same month it
was the only battery engaged on the National side
when Hood vainly hurled two corj)s against the forces
commanded by Logan. The Fifteenth was also in
Sherman's flank movement upon the rear of Atlanta,
and was warmly engaged at the battles of Jonesbor-
ough and Lovejoy's Station.

It went down to the sea with Sherman, took part
in the siege of Savannah, mai'ched through the Oaro-
linas, and was present at Gen. Johnston's surrender.
After having fought in thirty battles and skirmishes,
and traveled more than five thousand miles, the Fif-
teenth was mustered out at Columbus on the 30th of
June, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Edwin F. Reeve, enr. eis 2nd Lieut. Jan. 7, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Deo. 81, 1862. Resigned June 16, 1864.
Lyman Bailey, enr. Jan. 27, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut July 30, 1864. and

to 1st Lieut. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery.
Styles E. Sturges, enr. as Corp. Jan . 2, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery June 20, 1865.
William Ames, enL Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Becktol, enl. Jan. 24, 1862. Died at Natchez, Miss., 1863.
Thomas Hewlett, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.
Merwin Webb, enr. as Corp. Dec. 8, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Natchez, Miss.
Robert Henry, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 20, 1864.

Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas Hughes, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Died at Memphis, Tenn.. Dec. 24, 1862.
George Ingraham, enl. Jan. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Paul Kamerer, enl. Jan. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Btatery.

THE INDEPENDENT BATTEEIES, ETC.

183

Edward Kimberly, enl. Jan. 30, 1863. Diach. for disability Nov. 11, 1b62.
John Kennely, enl. Jan. 30. 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 16, 1863.

Hoxle E. Landphear, enl. Jan. 27, 1863. Died at LouisTille, Ky., April
1, 1862.

Anthony Moran, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 31, 1865.

Thomas McGovern, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

John W. Spencer, enl. Jan. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Thomas Stokes, enl. Jan. 32, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Stokes, enl. Jan. 23, 1862. tiled in Hosp. at Cincinnati.

Charles True, enl. Jan. 29, 1862. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 9, 1863.

Thomas F. Ware, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1862.

Williani R. Ware, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 15, 1862.

Enos A. Wait, enl. Deo. 11, 1861. Mustered out Deo. 23, 1864

Albert French, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Martin H. Murphy, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Hattery.

Henry Tegardine, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteay.

Martins. Weeks, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Lester Pancoast, enl. March 11, 1864. Disch. for disabihty Aug. 16, 1864.

Thomas Keiley, eur. as Corp. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864.

Albert Potter, enr. as Corp. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864.

Thomas Andrews, enl. Dtc. 13, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864.

Thomas Bennington, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Died at Naiohez, Miss.. Novem-
ber, 1863.

Cassius V. Briggs, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died at Bowling Green. Ky., Jan-
1, 1863. ■

Royal French, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864.

George Gerner, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Killed at Cold Water, Miss., Apiil 19,
1863.

John Langton, eul. Dec. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 30, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Battery June 30, 1S65.

Orson W. Rice, eul. Dec. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery.

Charles H. Wilson, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Died inHosp. at Vicksburg, 1864.

Lyman D. Wescott, enl. Dec. 5, 18H1. Discli. for disability June 8, 1862.

Samuel York, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Battery.

Mortimer F. Paddock, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.

John L. Davis, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 26, 1863.

NINETEEXTH BATTERY.*

It is something less than a skeleton — only a few
disjointed bones— tljat we can pick out from the very
interesting production mentioned in the foot-note,
and place before our readers.

The Nineteenth was raised at Cleveland by Capt.
Joseph C. Shields, (being commonly called Shields'
Battery,) in July, August and September, 1862; and
its members, according to the records, were, with two
or three exceptions citizens of Cuyahoga county. They
were almost all men of good standing, and the historian
of the battery boldly claims that it was the best edu-
cated and most intelligent body of men that served
during the war.

After having a good time in camp until the 5th of
October, the men, not yet provided with guns, set
out for Kentucky, marching through the city to the
depot escorted by the militia organizations, and
cheered by tens of thousands of admiring friends —
for all were then the soldiers' friends. Having re-
ceived their armament, they served through the
winter, and the spring of 1863, at Lexington, Frank-
fort, Richmond and Danville, undisturbed by the
enemy, and always managing to extract all the pleas-
sure possible from among the " lights and shadows of
army life. "

About the 1st of June the battery was attached to
the Twenty-third army corps, under Gen. HartsufE,
and moved southward. Ere long, however, it Avas
ordered to return, and on the 13th of July it reached
Cincinnati, then in a state of intense alarm on account

* From T. E. Trade's "Annals of the Nineteenth Ohio Battery. "

of the operations of the celebrated and ubiquitous
John Morgan. The citizens collected by thousands,
and every soldier was a hero who it was hoped would
rescue the city from the dreaded gang of plunderers.
At Hamilton, whither the battery immediately went,
the generosity of the frightened citizens knew no
bounds, and it was currently reported that one ener-
getic artillerist accepted four invitations and ate four
breakfasts before ten o'clock, a.m.

The battery soon returned to Cincinnati, and moved
eastward to guard the Ohio and prevent Morgan
from escaping. On the 30th of July Lieut. Dustin,
with two guns, went up the Muskingum on a steamer,
accompanied by four hundred hastily-levied " squirrel
hunters." Within two miles of McConnelsville, the
county seat of Morgan county, a courier dashed up
with information that Morgan was marching rapidly
on that town. All were immediately landed, and the
section galloped forward (followed by the "squirrel
hunters"), into the little town, which was probably
in a state of greater excitement than it has ever been
at any other time, before or since; half the people
running about the streets with valuables, uncertain
what to do to save themselves from the great raider.

Seven miles up the river the little command met
Morgan's advance, and promptly opened fire. The
rebels were so surprised that they immediately turned
and fled, followed by a copious discharge of shot and
shell from the two guns. Thus it happened that the
first shot fired at the enemy from any of the guns of
the Nineteenth Battery were discharged in the State
of Ohio; a result quite uulooked for by those who had
set out for southern battlefields near ten months be-
fore. On the section returning to McConuellsville, all
previous expressions of enthusiasm were completely
thrown in the shade by the gratitude of the rescued
citizens. The little skirmish had quite important con-
sequences, as it deranged Morgan's plans and delayed
his escape so long that he was soon captured.

After returning to Kentucky the Nineteenth moved
with Gen. Burnside to Knoxville, in East Tennessee,
thence turning northward and aiding in the capture
of the great stronghold of Cumberland Gap. Eeturn-
ing to Knoxville, the battery engaged in its first
serious conflict with the enemy during the siege of
that place by Longstreet, in November. All the guns
were actively engaged, and one section was in Fort
Saunders, the central point of the Union lines, when
it was attacked by the rebels on the morning of the
29th of November, and the grape and canister of the
Nineteenth aided in inflicting one of the most crush-
ing defeats of the war; nearly two thousand rebels
being killed and wounded in forty minutes, while the
killed and wounded of the Union side only numbered
thirty. Soon after, Longstreet abandoned the siege.

After arduous service in East Tennessee during
the winter and early spring, the battery moved, in
May, 1864, on the Atlanta campaign. It was en-
gaged at Resiica, Cassville, Pumpkin Vine 0.1'eek,
Kenesaw Mountain, New Hope Church etc., and

184

GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

was the first to open fire on the rebel fortifications at
Atlanta. After the fall of that place it returned to
Nashville, and took part in the great battle in front of
that city, which finally crushed the hopes of the am-
bitious Hood.

The next move was a long one, made in February,
1865, to North Carolina. There, however, there was
little left to do, and after taking part in the closing
movements of the war it returned to Cleveland in
June, and on the 29th of that month was mustered
out of the service.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Joseph C. Shields, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1863. Resigned Sept. 15, 1864.
Frank Wilson, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 38, 1863. Promoted to Capt. Nov.

14. 1864, Mustered out with the Battery June 37, 1865,

William Dustin, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 38, 1863. Mustered out with the

Battery.
Charles B. Harris, enr, as 3nd Lieut, July 28, 1863, Promoted to 1st

Lieut, Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery.
Robertson Smith, enr, as 3nd Lieut. July 38, 1862, Resigned Feb, 3, 1863,
John N, Estabrook, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to 2nd

Lieut. Aug. 1, 1863, 'Mustered out with the Battery,
James W. Grimshaw, enr, as Sergeant Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted to 3nd

Lieut. Feb. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas J. Poole, enr. as Q. JI. Sergt, Aug, 4, 1862, Died at Knoxville,

Tenn., Feb. 7, 1864.
Pardon B. Smith, enr. as Sergt, Aug, 9, 1862. Prom, to Q, M. Sergeant.

Mustered out with the Battery.
James 31. Johnson, enr. as Corp. A.ug, 12, 1863. Prom, to Q, M, Sergeant,

Disch. March 33, 1864,
Robert D. Hanna, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 13, 1862. Transf , to Vet. Res. Corps

April 1, 1865. Disch, July 8, 1865.
Arthur P. Gray, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 4, 1863. Mustered out with the

Battery,
Charles Luck, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 13, 1863, Disch, for disability Jan, 19,

1865,
Thomas J. Hudson, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 6, 1862, Mustered out June 8,

1865,
Simon W, Killam, enr, as Corp, Aug, 9, 1S63. Mustered out with the

Battery,
Eh H. Simpkins, enr, as Corp, Aug. 6, 1862, Promoted to Sergt. Mus-
tered out with the Battery,
Alexander G. Cassell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt-

Disch. Feb. 2,1864.
George R. Campbell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. March 19, 1864,
Noi-man Champney, enr. as Corp, Aug, 7, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant.

Mustered out with the Battery.
William A. Bruner, enr. as Corp. July 3], 1863, Mustered out with

Battery.
William G. Byron, enr. as Corp, Aug, 6, 1863. Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps

April 1, 1865, Mustered out July 9, 1865,
Asahel B, Peters, enr, as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan,

19. 1865, Mustered out with the Battery,

Edward F, Brown, enr, as Corp, Aug. 11. 1862. Disch. Feb. 29. 1864,

George H. Barber, enr. as Corp, Aug, 8. 1863.

William H, Storer, enr. as Bugler, Aug, 11, 1862, Mustered out with

the Battery.
Edward Byerly, enr. as Bugler, Aug, 9, 1863. Mustered out with the
Henry W. Redhead, enl. Aug, -7, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
John H, Van Luven, enl, Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with ihe Battery.
James A. Wilson, enl, Aug. 6, 1863, Disch. for disability Dec, 37, 1864,
James W, Allen, enl, Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Andrews, enl, Aug. 8, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery,
Thomas J, Armstrong, enl, Aug, 13, 1863, Mustered out with Battery,
Joseph Armstrong, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 19, 1865.

Mustered out with the Battery.
Ira Bruner, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Horatio ti. Bufflngton, enl. Aug. 6, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Charles E. Barrows, enl, Aug, 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Battery.
Jolm Bassett, enl. Aug, 12, 1861, Mustered out with the Battery,
Albert Bishop, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery.
Guy Ball, enl, Aug, 12, 1863. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 27. 1863,
Alfred B.ites. en], Aug, 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Batteiy
Marx Buhl, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Alonzo Barrett, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Batt«ry.
Frank D. i.ostwick, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery,
John E. Bradford, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb, 8, 1864.
Wjlliim R. urger, enl, Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.'

John C. Bissell, enl. Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery.
William Burton, enl, Aug, 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John M. Concklin, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Tattery.
Edwin J. Cobb, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Disch, Jan. 14, 1864.
James T. Carter, enl Aug. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Bat'ery,
Melvin R. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
William H. Cook, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery,
Joseph B. Crouch, enl, Aug, 7, 1862, Mustered out June 2-3, 1865.
William Childs, enl, Aug, 7, 1862, Mustered out June 3, 1865,
Alexander Chevalia. enl, Aug, 4, 1863, Disch, May 13, 1864,
Henry Curtis, enl, Aug, 3, 1863, Disch, March 34, 1865.
Solon O. Campbell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. July 26, 1863,
Drury F, Dryden, enl, Aug. 12, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out

with the Battery,
John B, Douglass, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Left in Hosp, at Knoxville, Tenn.

Feb, 8, 1864,
Edwin C, Dixon, enl. Aug, 6, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Edmund W, Davis, enl, Aug, 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery,
Harry Ellsler, enl, Aug, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
George Flower, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out

with the battery,
Horatio J. Foote, enl, Aug. 5, 1863, Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps April 1,

1865. Disch, July 7, 1865.
Samuel T, Ferguson, enl, Aug, 8, 1862, Died at Chattanooga July 7. 1864,

from wounds rec'd in action.
Adam Glib, enl. Aug, 11 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Thomas Gearity, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery,
Austin C, Gaskill, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Disch, for disability March 34, 1863.
Jasper N. Gibbons, enl, Aug, 12, 1862, Disch, for disability Aug, 13, 1864,
Oscar E, GifEord, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Promoted to Hosp, Steward of 8th

Tenn. Cav.
Merrick Gould, enl. Aug. 7, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Frank Gilbert, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
John D. Galvey, enl. Aug, 11, 1863. Sent to Hosp. July 39, 1864,
George A, Haver, enl, Aug, 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Hartman, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery,
James Y. Hiddleson, enl. Aug. 11, 1863, Disch, April 6. 1863,
Theodore N, Harrington, enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with Battery.
Joseph C. Huston, enl Aug. 8, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865,
Jeremiah M. Hower, enl. Aug, 13, 1863, Disch, April 4, 1865,
Michael Houck, enl, Aug, 13, 1868, Mustei-ed out with the Battery,
James Hendricks, enl, Aug, 3. 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
William J. Hartzell, enl, Aug, 1, 1863. Clustered out with the Battery.
Heman H, Hubbard, enl, .Aug. 5, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
John Hill, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Disch. for disability March 24, 1863.
John Honoddle, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Philip D, Hecker, enl, Aug, 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery,
Wi.liam Hecker, enl, Aug, 9, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Frederick Hodel, enl, Aug, 9. 1863. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov, 3,

1863,
Samuel F, Herrick, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
William Hogan, enl. Aug. 11. 1863. Piomi ted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Alphonso Hard, enl. Aug, 11, 1E63, Disch, for disability April 27, 1866.
Wallace Hsrper, enl. Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery.
R. H. House, enl. Aug, 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery,
Andrew J. Kelley, enl, Aug, 9, 186., Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Edward W, Kidney, enl, Aug, 12, 1662. Mustered out June 6. 1866.
Rudolphus M. Kreidler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Ist Sergt. Feb.

1, 1865, Mustered out with the Battery.
Albert J. Ketchum, enl. Aug 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery,
Martin V, B, Leeper, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet, Res. Corps April

1, 1S65. Disch. July K, 1865.
Martin Leonai d, enl, Aug, 11, 1S62. Mustered out wi'h the Battery,
John Lowe, enl, Aug, 11, 1862. Transf. to the Xavy June 27, 1864.
William Maier, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery,
Edwin C, Morse, enl. Aug, 11, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 1,

1864.
Delos R. Marks, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Died at Lexington, Ky. Jan. 17, 1863,
Robert G, Marcellus, enl, Aug, 9, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery,
Andrew F. McGhee, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. Feb. 8, 1863.
William Messinger, enl. Aug, 1, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Marx, enl, .\ug, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery.
Luke R. Mui-phy, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Disch. March 4, 1863,
John Moore, enl. Aug, 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Walter >;orton, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 1, 1866.

Mustered out with the Battery.
Jeremiah W Nash, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., May

10, 1864.
Joseph M. Odell, enl. Aug, 5, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out

with the Battery,
Artemus T. Proctor, enl. July 31, 1863, Jlustered out with the Battery.
George M. Patterson, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
John C. Quinlan, en], Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Stephen G. Remington, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery-

THE INDEPENDENT BATTEKIES, ETC.

185

Harrison H. Remington, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with Battery.
James L. Reed, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Died at Stanford, Ky., July 2, 1863.
Edwin C. Root, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Reese, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
George H. Root, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. Feb. 29, 1864.
John Risley, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry B. Smith, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Elhert B. Simons, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Solon C. Storm, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob K. Stueker, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Strine, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Samuel Sunderland, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability July 8, 1864.
William J. SpaflEord, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery.
Smith Riley, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Alexander B. Stevens, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out wiih the Battery.
James H. Stanford, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
■William K. Scott, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. June 19, 1863.
Benjamin L. Sampson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Robert Thompson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 Mustered out with the Battery.
Theodore C. W. Trade, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Ellis D. Torrey, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 4, 1863.

Charles H. Viall, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Watkins, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Mustered out with the

Battery.
Victor E. Williams, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. 24, 1864.

Andrew Wolf, enl. Aug. 1, 1882. Mustered out with the Battery.

George Williams, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Transf. to the Navy June 27, 1864.

Erastus R. Waite, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Orrin L. Waite, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Killed in action June 29, 1864.

Richard H, Williams, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch.

Harvey S. Welch, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability April 4, 1863.

John Wolcott, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability March 3, 1863.

Christian Waltz, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Edward C. Fairchild, enl. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered
out with the Battery.

John N. Bamum, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Eldon G. Dixon, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Erastus H. Fox, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

Allen Monroe, enl. March 83, 1864. Mustered outwith the Battery.

TWENTIETH BATTERY.

This was another purely Cuyahoga-county institu-
tion; having originally a hundred and fifty-six men,
under Capt. Louis Smithnight, but being filled up
with recruits from time to time it had no less than a
hundred and ninety-six men on its roll. It left Camp
Taylor on the 31st of December, 1862, and on the 8th
of February, 1863, joined Kosecrans at Murfreesboro,
Tenn. After the resignation of Capt. Smithnight,
much trouble was caused by the appointment of an
outsider and all the other commissioned officers left
the service; their places being filled by men from, the
ranks.

After taking part in the advance of Kosecrans' army
it was actively engaged at the battle of Chickamauga,
having three men wounded and two taken prisoners.
The battery was stationed at Chattanooga during the
succeeding winter, and in May, 1863, it moved on the
Atlanta campaign. It was constantly called on to
perform the difficult task of repelling the cavalry of
Forest and Wheeler in their numerous assaults on the
flanks of Sherman's army, and also to maintain com-
munications with the base of supplies in the rear.
On the 15th of August, 1864, General Steadman with
a division of infantry and the Twentieth battery at-
tacked Wheeler's corps of cavalry, said to be six
thousand strong, at Dalton, and after several hours
fighting drove them from the place.

Early in September a section of the battery which
had remained at Dalton was surrendered, together
with a regiment of colored troops, by the commander
of the latter, at the demand of General Hood, who

was on his way northward. The other two sections
accompanied General Thomas, in the Fourtli army
corps, on his march to circumvent Hood. The re-
duced battery was gallantly engaged in the battle of
Franklin, having fourteen officers and men killed and
wounded. It was also engaged, though less severely,
at the battle of Nashville. It was soon afterwards
stationed at Chattanooga, where it remained until
July; being mustered out at Cleveland on the 19th of
that month.

MEMBERS EROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Louis Smithnight, enr. as Capt. Aug. 21, 1862. Resigned April 27, 1863.
William Backus, enr. as Corp. Aug. 88, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. May
82, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863; to Capt. Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered

out with the Battery.
Frank O. Bobbins, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1862 Resigned April 26, 1863.
Charles F. Nitschelm, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to 2d Li^ut.

May 22, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863. Died at Chattanooga,
Tenn., Aug. 15, 1864.
Henry Roth, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch, Oct., 1863.
Henry Horn, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 5_

1864, and to 1st Lieut. Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Matthias Adams, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 24, 1862. Resigned May 24, 1863.
Harlan P. Joslyn, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Nov. 25, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Deo. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the

Battery.
Oscar W. Hancock, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 1, 1868. Promoted to IstLieut.

May 82, 1863. Disch. Oct., 1863.
John S. Burdick, enr. as Corp. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

Nov. 25, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Aug. 29, 1864. Killed in action Nov.

30, 1864.
Charles G. Hilburts, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Aug, 29, 1868. Disch, Nov. 11, 1863.
Henry Hoehn, enr, as Corp. Aug. 29, 1868. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Deo. 5,

1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William Neraeher, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 5, 1864.

Mustered out with the Battery.
John G. Fay, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt, Aug. 25, 1862. Disch. May 24, 1865.
John S. Patterson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Pi'omoted to Q. M. Sergt, Mus-
tered out with the Battery.
John A. Zeller, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 88, 1862. Killed by accident at Alpine

Gap, Sept. 12, 1863.
Frank Coquelin, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 25, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1868.
Charles Beyrt, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1862. Killed in action Jan. 85, 1863.
George Jansen, enr. as Corp. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.,

Nov. 2, 1863.
William Sehrt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 89, 1863. Mustered out with Battery.
Barney Carey, enr. as Corp. Aug. ^, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch.

May 27, 1864.
Jacob Hammel, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1862, Disch. March 4, 1863,
Edwin O. Fowler, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the

Battery.
Thomas Kirby, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn.,

April 7, 1865.
Charles B. Baker, enr. as Corp. Sept. 8, 1862. Mustered out with Battery.
Alfred Sugenthal, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1868. Disch. June 18, 1864.
James H. Davis, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Disch. for disability March 28, 1865.
Silas B. Vaughn, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps July 8, 1863.
Anton Eileman, enr. as Buglef Sept. 1:3, 1862. Mustered out with Battery.
Morris N. Oviatt, enr. as Bugler Aug. 27, 1862. Disch. Sept. 22, 1863.
John Forschner, enl. Sept. 3, 1862 Disch. Sept. 27, 1863.
Daniel Arnett, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
La Fayette Allen, enl. Sept. 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Bohley, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863.
James Brown, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Theodore Brandt, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Max Bias, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jerry D. Brush, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863.
Conrad Bolts, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Disch. March 4, 1863.
John Broman, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battei'y.
Christian Bernhardt, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Dec. 1,

1863.
George Blatner, enl. Oct. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Francis Becker, enl, Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Augustus F. Braun, enl, Oct, 13, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery.
Aulis Briggs, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Carr, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with

the Batteiy.
Thomas Cowley, enl. Sept. 28, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
Adam Conrad, enl. Aug. 27, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Miles Cook, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery,

186

GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COtJNTY.

aeorge M. Cliapin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Discli.'Jan. IB. 1863.
Augustus Dietrich, enl. Sept. 3, 1803. Mustered out with the Battery.
John W.'Dickerson' enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., May

21, 1863.
John De Weyer, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 10,

1865. Musteredout Aug. 1, 1866.
Edwin Edwards, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Farrell, enl. Oct. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Fahl, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Died at Chattanooga June 7, 1864.
Arnold Fieiberger, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Richard Frick, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Disch. Jan. 15, 1863.
John W. Fuller, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Louis Fessler, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Graff, enl. Sept. 4, 1862. Died in Andersonyille prison Sept. 12,

1864.
WilUam Grotzinger, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Disch. July 13, 1863.
John Grotzinger, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Galeel, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob H. Galeel, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Glaugner, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the 13attery.
Jacob Heyot, enl. Aug. 39, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Hevy, enl. Sept, 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Hefty, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Transt. to Reg. Army Oct. 81, 1862.
Peter Hahn, enl. Sept. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Joras, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Battery.
Robert Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 27, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
John Joyce, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Janklau, enl. Sept. 13, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
James Knox, enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Loefler, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Died at NashvUle June 9, 1864.
George Lowman, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Marquard, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the j attery.
Henry Matthew, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Disch. July 20, 1863.
Peter McGue, enl. Sept. 3. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Rudolph Myers, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Joseph Morey, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
Abraham Muhline, enl. Aug. 39, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Miller, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Marquard, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Charles Marquard, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frank Mills, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frank Meyers, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter McCormick, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Disch. March 38, 1863.
Frank Neracker, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Nehauer, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the jsatteiy.
George Ningbra, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Horace Parker, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
John Party, enl. Aug 25, 18U3. Mustered out with the Uattery.
Milo Ross, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863.
Ransom Roscoe, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John Rith, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863.

Matthias Rohrbuck, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jolm Ribold, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Oct. 5, 1864.
Charles Rudolph, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Jacob Rhodes, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frederick Rash, enl. Sept. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Russ, enl. Sept. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Russell, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frank Rashleigh, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
WilUam Ruff, enl. Aug. 36. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Phihp Schwartz, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery. ;
Henry Sturbaum, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Stahl, enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Alexander Stahl, enl. Sept. 18. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Schneider, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 7

1865. Mustered out Aug. 11, 1865.
John Schneider, enl, Oct. 11, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, June 5, 1864.
George Somers enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Battery.
George F. Smith, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864.
William Sykes, enl. Oct. 13, 1882. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Peter Schwan, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John H. Taylor, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Edward Vedder, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery
Joseph Vogtly, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Jan.

14, 1863.
Sebastian Vetger, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Disch. for disability May 15, 1865.

David J. Williams, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
John T. Williams, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Henry Weidoff, enl. Aug. Aug. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Daniel Wilcox,'enl. Aug. 36, 1862. Disch. April 10, 1863.
EUsha Williams, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Charles Walter, enl. Aug. 35, 1863. Disch. July 29, 1863.
Samuel Winnepleck, enl. Aug. 35, 1861. Died at Nashville, Feb. 29, 1864
John Wiler, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Disch. April 9, 1863.
William Werbuch, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps July 9,

1863.
Paul Waly, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with

the Battery.
John Wenner, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Winger,' enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Edwin Waldo, enl. Sept. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Wentrich, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
John White, efil. Sept. 29, 1862. Died at Nashville, Aug. 2, 1864.
Charles Willett, enl. Sept. 30. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Witzrudorff, enl. Sept, 18, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863.
Andrew Zengenly, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Oct. 8, 1864.
Samuel Ayers, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Promoted

to 1st Sergt. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1865.
Andreas Hammel, enl. July 15, 1863. Died at Nashville May 18, 1864.
Philip Hauck, enl. Jan. 15, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Sept. 5, 1864.
Pearson B. Sorler, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864.
Samuel Braine, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864.
Jacob i ender, enl. Deo. 30, 1868. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864.
Uriah Ackley, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
PhiUp Solomon, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865.
Peltiah Smith, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out May 24, 1865.
Adam Hausman, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Peter Dietrich, enl. Nov. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corporal. Mustered out

with the Battery.
Edwin Adams, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
John Brier, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
WUliam Blair, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
George Berthold, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Horace Bronson, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John D. Chapman, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Edwin Camp, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Edward Davis, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
PhiUp Droz, enl. Jan. 37, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
James Hardman, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the 1 attery.
Charles Higgins, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Robert Hawkins, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Albert Jones, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Killmer, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Muttered out with the Battery.
William Kelley, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Herbert Le Claire, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas Munger, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
David Munger, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out vrith the Battery.
Thomas Munson, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Melvin Malone, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Nelson Malone, enl. Jan 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frank Perkins, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
James Perrine, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Anthony Paulis, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter Pope, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Othello Park, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Richards, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Christian Stiller, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John Stodtle, enl. Jan. 6, 1664. Mustered out with the Battery.
Arthur Stacy, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Christian Schnitzer, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Peter C. Smith, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Henry Sheridan, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Frederick Wetzel, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Webster, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out wiih the Battery.
Francis Wright, enl. Jan. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
August Walter, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
George Young, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Joseph Fitzgerald, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 4, 1864.
Hugo Koehn, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Disch. for disability May 10, 1865.
Verdine Truesdale, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Sherman Oviatt, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1863.
Charles Humphrey, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Alexander Sorter, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Harris Billson, enl. Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Henry Elder, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Albert Case, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.
Peter O'Keesler, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865.

THE INDEPENDENT BATTEEIES, ETC.

187

TWENTY-FIKST BATTERY.

The Twenty-first battery was mustered into the
service for three years at Camp Dennison, on the 9th
of April, 1863j and in May was sent down the Ohio
from Cincinnati to Louisville as guard over Vallandig-
ham, then on his way into exile. When Morgan
crossed the Ohio, four of the guns of the Twenty-first
were used on the steamers patrolling the river to pre-
vent his escape. In September the battery proceeded
to Tennessee, in which State it did considerable
service, especially in a fight at Walker's Ford, on the
2d of December, 1863, where it was remarkably effect-
ive. Its field of operations until the close of the
war was confined to Tennessee and Alabama, where
its chief employment was the guarding of important
fords and railway lines. When the long struggle was
ended the battery returned to Cleveland, and on the
31st of July, 1865, it was mustered out of the service.

MEMBBES FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

William H. H. Smith, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Nov. 19, 1862. Promoted to 1st
Lieut. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery July 21, 1865.

Ezra Homes, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the
Battery.

Darius Baldwin, enr. as Corp. Oct. 21, 1862. Disoh. July 15, 1863.

Horace Woloott, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1862. MuStered out with the
Battery.

Charles J. Beebe, enl. Dec. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
-- Samuel Allen, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Drowned at Cincinnati May 25, 1863.

Thomas K. Allen, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Cleanthus Burnett, enl. Feb. 2.3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 17, 1865.
Mustered out with the Battery.

William J. Baldwin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 10, 1863.

Charles J. Colson, enl, Oct. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

John H. Evarts, enl. Nov. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

George F. Gould, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Disch. June 19, 1865.

James Hervey, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 28, 1863.

Lyman S. Hodges, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability June 20, 1863.

Jonas Heckert, enl. Nov. 27, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865.

James Lindeman, enl. Oct. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died in Hosp.
at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1863.

William Long, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

George Manchester, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Daniel McSwan, enl. Oct. 25, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865.

Milton McFarland, enl. Oct. 25, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. May 30, 1863,
and to 1st Sergt. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.

John Mahony, enl. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

Josiah Ogle, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Disch. (or disability Nov. 20, 1863.

James Parker, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 15, 1865.

Wesley Summers, enl. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.

William Sinclair, enl. Oct. 80, 1862. Disoh. from Hosp. May 29, 1865.

Nathan W. Tomlinson, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to in the U. S.

Col. Heavy Art. Aug. 17, 1864.
John G. Washburn, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery.
Elhanan Winchester, enl. Jan. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Charles Collister, enl. Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
George W. Brookins, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Loren Call, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Benjamin M. Curtis, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. Mustered out with tlie Battery.
Elijah W. Curtis, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.
Samuel B. Champlln, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
P. N. Curtis, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Warren W. Ely, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered oijt with the Battery.
Thomas W. Fowler, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Trumbull Granger, enl . Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Thomas Maokey, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Ezekiel Nichols, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy.
Abraham J. Phelps, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Spencer Phelps, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
John H. Collister, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 18, 1865.

TWENTY-FIFTH BATTBEY.

This originated in a detail made by Gen. Blunt in
August, 1862, from the Second Ohio Cavalry, for
temporary artillery service in Kansas and the Indian

Territory, and called by him the Third Kansas Bat-
tery. It had a sharp fight with Texans and Indians
at Newtonia, Mo., on the 30th of September, and
another on the 4th of October, in which the enemy
was completely defeated. In November and Decem-
ber following, it took an active part in the battles of
Kane Hill, Prairie Grove and Van Buren. In return-
ing to Missouri it crossed White river by means of
shooting an empty case-shot across the roaring stream,
with a line attached, by which an improvised ferry-
boat could be worked over.

In January, 1863, the detail was transmuted, by an
order from the war department, into the Twenty-fifth
Ohio battery.

During the spring and forepart of the summer it
served in Missouri; moving into Arkansas in July,
and having several severe conflicts in August and
September before arriving at Little Eock.

In January, 1864^ one hundred and twelve men
out of a hundred and twenty-nine re-enlisted. After
their veteran furlough they returned to duty in Ar-
kansas, where they remained until the autumn of
1865. The battery was discharged at Columbus on
the 13th of December, in that year.

MEMBEES FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Darius E. Baldwin, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with Battery, Dec.

12, 1865.
A. F. Flint, enl. Feb. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Addison Lockwood, enl. April 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
Robert Scanlon, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.
William C. Farrell, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1864.
Edward H. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

The following were transferred from the Fifth Cavalry in January,
1863, with which regiment their records may be found: Francis A.
Thayer, David V. Bell, Walter D. Barker, Henry W. Gage, Edwin Kiu-
nicutt, Luzerne W. Kelley, Henry Mead, Webster K. Nye, William Van
Orman, Thomas Scott, George W. Pollock, Gilbert J. Doolittle, Zina J.
Buck, Elmer Breurr, William Christie, George Davis, Thomas Dodd,
Patrick Dunn, George B. Hammond, John Olds, Nathan E. Penfield,
Alex. C. Euple, Henry Stuyesan, Wm. Fesshaupt.

FIFTH UNITED STATES COLOEED INFANTEY.

Although this regiment was raised under the direct
authority of the United States, yet it was entirely re-
cruited in Ohio; and as it had a representation of fifteen
members from Cuyahoga, it should receive mention in
our work, though, from its being the only United
States regiment noticed, it is somewhat difficult to
locate it. It was begun in the summer of 1863 as the
One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Ohio Infantry.
Eecruiting was slow, however, till the new organiza-
tion received the sanction of the national authorities,
and was transformed into the Fifth United States
Colored Infantry.

In November, 1863, it went to Virginia with nine
companies; the tenth joining during the winter. The
next month it was engaged in an important raid into
North Carolina, and behaved well in its first fight.
After being encamped at Yorktown until May, 1864,
it went up the James river with Gen. Butler. On the
15th of June the Fifth, with the colored division,
stormed the bights before Petersburg; eliciting the
applause of Gen. W. F. ("Baldy") Smith, an old

188

GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

regular officer, certainly not prejudiced in their favor.
On the 39th of September the Fifth, with two other
colored regiments, stormed and carried the rebel
works on New Market Hights under extremely ad-
verse circumstances. During the day's fighting the
regiment suffered the terrific loss of three hundred
and forty-two killed and wounded, out of five hundred
and fifty-nine.

It subsequently took part in the capture of Fort
Fisher and Fort Anderson, North Carolina, and re-
mained in service in that State until September, 1865;
being discharged at Columbus on the 5th of October
following.

MEMBBES FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY B.

WUliam A. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 80, 1865.
Jefferson Pinkney, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Wounded Feb. 20, 1865.

COMPANY F.

James Alexander, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 20, 1865.
William Salisbury, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Hamilton, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Fortress Monroe, Nov.
3, 1861.

COMPANY I.

John H. Harris, enl. Oct. 18, 1863. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 20, 1865.
WUliam A. Mott, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Died at Yorktown, Ya., March 10,
1861

COMPANY K.

John Simpson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 24, 1863. Wounded Sept. 29, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 20, 1865.
John Burke, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Ransom Bennett, enl. Dec . 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Bowman, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis Jackson, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George Johnson, enl. Dec. 1 1, 1803. Mustered out with the Co.
William Sley, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Jackson, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Disch. May 29, 1865.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

THE PKESS.

Reason for Placing it in General History — Extraordinary Number of
Cleveland Journals— A Newspaper Graveyard— Successful Journals—
Our System — The First Newspaper in the County — The Oldest Survivor
— ^The Advertiser — The Whig — The Messenger — Ohio City Argus — Daily
Gazette— The Liberalist — The Journal— Commercial Intelligencer—
The Axe — A Log Cabin Scene- A Paper of One Issue — The Agitator—
A Bad Year for Newspapers— The News and The Palladiu m— The Eagle-
Eyed News-Catcher— The Mercury— The Guide and the Gatherer—
JournaUsm under Difficulties at Chagrin Falls— The Farmers' and
Mechanics' Journal— Two Campaign Papers— Spirit of Freedom— La-
bour—True Kindred— Independent Politician— A Millerite Journal-
Ohio American— The Times— Universalist and Literary Companion-
Reserve Battery — Spirit of Freedom— Medical Examiner— Temple of
Honor— Spirit of the Lakes— Family Visitor— Its Contributors— Its
Useful Character— Cleveland Commercial— American Advertiser — The
Harpoon— School Boy— Golden Rule— Forest City— Annals of Science
— American Magazine — New American Magazine — Commercial Ga-
zette—The Germaaia— Spiritual Universe— Daily Review— Buckeye
Democrat— National Democrat— Wool Growers' Reporter- The Agita-
tor—The Analyst— Dodge's Literary Museum— The Vanguard— West-
ern Law Monthly — Daily Dispatch — Effect of the War — Fewer Period-
icals—Revival after the War— German Democrat — Christian Standard
-Ohio Cultivator— Temperance Era^-American Spirituahst — Printing
Gazette— Prohibition Era^-Real Estate Recorder— Real Estate Journal
—The Pokrok— Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal— Coopers' Jour-
nal—The Illustrated Bazaar— House and Garden— The Hygiena— Ober-
lin New Era^The Pulpit— Sontagsblatt^Cross and Crown— The Co-
lumbia—Celtic Index— Linndale Enterprise— Our Youth— The Trio-
Only Seven in a Year— Cuyahoga County Blade— Household Treasure
—Irish National Magazine— The Indicator— Little Ones at Home-
Maria Hllf— Pictorial World— Delnlcke Liste— Labor Advance— House-
hold G«m— Pleasure and Proflt— West Side Sentinel— The Lantern-

Living Papers— The Herald— The Plain Dealer— The Leader— Ohio
Farmer— Waechter am Erie— The Publishing House of the Evangeli-
cal Association— The Periodicals Published there— Reformed Church
Publications— Brainai-d's Musical World— German Baptist Publications
and Publishing Society— Trade Re view— Berea Advertiser— Locomotive
Engineer's Journal— Sunday Voice— Cleveland Anzeiger— Die Biene—
Standard of the Cross— Christian Harvester— Home Companion-
South Cleveland Advocate— Earnest Worker— Catholic Universe— Cha-
grin Falls Exponent— Sunday Morning Times— Evening Times— The
Advance— Dennice Novoveku— Law Reporter- Hardware Reporter-
One Cent Weekly— Penny Press- The Sentinel.

Although the newspapers and other periodicals
of the county have nearly all been published at Cleve-
land, yet they have circulated in every section of the
county and far outside of its limits; and, in fact, in
the early days had a much larger circulation outside
than inside the limits of the corporation. Moreover,
journalism is an institution of such a general nature,
and deals so largely with the wider interests of maa-
kind, that it seems much the most proper to make
the story of its progress a part of the general history
of the county.

It is extremely difficult to give a detailed account
of the press of Cuyahoga county; for, however great
may have been the tendency in other growing cities
to set on foot journalistic enterprises which were un-
able to survive the storms of this rude world, we are
convinced that Cleveland decidedly exceeds all its
rivals of similar size in this respect. In its historic
field the newspaper graveyard fills no inconsiderable
space. Unfortunately, moreover, in most cases there
were not enough assets left to raise a tombstone tell-
ing the dates of the birth and death of the dear de-
parted. Too often, indeed, the mourners neglected
to perform even the rite of sepulture, leaving the
sherifE to place the wasted body in the grave which
they themselves never desired to look upon, and
which not the most desj)erate resurrectionists ever
sought to violate. Their names alone remain as a tra-
dition in the memories of surviving contemporaries,
and sometimes even the name has faded away, leaving
but a vague recollection of some journalistic firefly
whose light has forever expired.

On the other hand, in few, if any, places of like
size have labor, capital and enterprise built up papers
of more commanding influence, or longer continued
prosperity. Some of these date back from three to
six decades ; others are of a later era but have already
established themselves upon firm ground.

Of all these surviving members of the journalistic
family it is comparatively easy to obtain separate ac-
counts ; but the defunct papers are so numerous and
many of them were so short-lived that it is hardly
practicable to furnish separate sketches of them. We
have therefore concluded to give a brief general his-
tory of journalism in this county, showing its pro-
gress, and alluding at more or less length to those
papers which have passed away, so far as they are
known ; following this by separate sketches of all the
papers now in existence.

As before stated the first paper published in the
county was the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial
Register, which made its first appearance on the 31st

THE PEESS.

189

day of July, 1818. It was issued weekly — when cir-
cumstances permitted. When circumstances were un-
kind, intervals of from ten days to two weeks inter-
vened between the issues, and even this precarious
existence ceased the same year or early in the next.

In October, 1819, the first number of the Cleve-
land Herald was issued; a paper which has maintained
a continued existence till the present time, and which
is now not only the oldest paper in the county, but
one of the oldest in the State — in fact there are but
few in the whole country which antedate it. A sketch
of its career is given farther on.

The Herald occupied the journalistic field without
a rival for no less than thirteen years; at least, after
careful inquiry, we are unable to learn of any other
newspaper in the county until 1832. At that time the
Herald began to veer toward Democracy, or Jackson-
ianism as it was more commonly called in those days,
and a number of the leading Whigs of Cleveland went
to work to establish a more thorough exponent of
their party doctrines. They persuaded the late Madi-
son Kelley to undertake the task, and in 1832 that
gentleman established the Advertiser as an organ of
the Whig party. Hon. John W. Allen wrote the
salutatory editorial in the first number. Yet in the
mutations of politics the Advertiser was afterwards
transmuted into that decisively Democratic paper,
the Plain Dealer, while the Herald became a thor-
ough champion of Whiggery.

On the 30th day of August, 1834, the Cleveland
Whig was established by Rice & Penniman. It ex-
isted, as near as we can learn, about two years. It
was followed in May 1836, by the Cleveland Messenger,
the founders of which were Messrs. Beck & Tuttle.
It became defunct in less than a year. The same
month saw the establishment of the Ohio City Argus
on the west side, by T. H. Smead and Lyman W.
Hall. It was Whiggish in its tendencies, though not
extremely partisan. Its first number was issued on
the 30th of May, 1836. In the same year Mr. Hall
withdrew, and Mr. Smead (still a compositor in Cleve-
land) acted for a time as both publisher and editor.
In the forepart of 1838 the name was changed to the
Ohio City Transcript, and the aid of Mr. Hill was
obtained, who acted as editor until the suspension of
the paper in 1839.

In the summer of 1836, also, the Cleveland Daily
Gazette was founded by Charles Whittlesey, Esq.,
now the well-known Colonel Whittlesey. This paper
had but a brief separate existence, but it did not die ;
it was married. In March, 1837, it was united to the
Herald; the consolidated paper being issued for sev-
eral years as the Daily Herald and Gazette.

Another venture of 1836 was the Cleveland Liber-
alist, the first number of which was issued on the
10 th day of September, in that year, by Dr. Samuel
Underbill, editor and proprietor. It was a small
weekly, and advocated what its editor called free
thought, but which most people designated as infidel-
ity. There seems to have been a considerable skep-

tical element in Cleveland at an early day, for a
place of its size, but there was not enough to support
a weekly organ, for the Liberalist expired during the
following year.

On the other hand there was a religious organ
(Presbyterian) established at Cleveland as early as
1836. It was called the Cleveland Journal, and in
1837 was published by John M. Sterling, Samuel C.
Aikin and A. Penfield. Its editor was Eev. 0. P.
Hoyt. A little later it was united with the Ohio
Observer, then located at Hudson. The consolidated
paper was published at Cleveland, under the name of
the Cleveland Observer. In 1840 it was moved back
to Hudson, where it resumed the name of Ohio Ob-
server.

The Daily Oom.mercial Intelligencer was born in
1838; its sponsor being Benjamin Andrews. The only
record opposite its infant name is " Died out."

During the celebrated Harrison campaign of 1840,
a small campaign paper of five columns called The
Axe, was published from tbe 33d of April until
after election. It was of course devoted to the cause
of Harrison, who was supported by an immense ma-
jority of the voters of the Western Reserve. The
top of its first page was adorned with a log cabin
covered with a "shake" roof, supposed to represent
the dwelling of the popular old Indian-fighter.

We believe the sliortest-lived of all the many short-
lived Cleveland newspapers was one of which even
the name is in doubt. A person who is described as
a "Quaker Whig," projected a journal in 1840, to be
called either the Christian Statesman or the Chris-
tian Whig, it is not certain which. A solitary num-
ber appeared under one of those names, and that
was both the beginning and the end of what was evi-
dently intended to be the regenerator of Cuyahoga
politics. Almost as brief was the career of the Cleve-
land Agitator, a weekly anti-slavery sheet which came
into existence in 1840, and went out of existence the
same year.

The year 1841 was a remarkably good time for giv-
ing birth to newspapers, and a remarkably poor one
for keeping them alive. No less than three passed
from the cradle to the grave during that single twelve-
month, besides two others, the time and term of whose
existence is not exactly known. The Daily Morning
News was a neutral sheet established in 1841 by George
Mortimer Shippen. "Died the same year." The
Palladium of Liberty was an anti-slavery weekly
edited by the Rev. Mr. Butts. A brief trial demon-
strated that sufficient support could not be obtained,
and liberty was left without its palladium. "Died
the same year." The very peculiar title of The Eagle-
Eyed News-Catcher was given by David L. Wood to
another venture (daily) of 1841, but though it might
catch the news, it couldn't catch the money; and the
Eagle-Eyed soon closed its piercing orbs in everlast-
ing sleep. "Died the same year."

The Daily Morning Mercury, owned and edited by
Calvin Hall, was probably established in 1841, and

190

GBNEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

certainly departed this life in that eventful year.
The Mothers' and Young Ladies' Guide, edited by
Mrs. M. M. Herrick, was a monthly iiublication
which had a brief existence about the same period.

Passing to the year 1843, we find the Cleveland
Gatherer (weekly) coming into existence under the
management of E. B. Fisher, and maintaining itself
until 1844, when it was gathered to its predecessors;
being rather a long-lived journal for that period.

The first effort to have a newspaper in Cuyahoga
county, outside of Cleveland, was at the enterprising
village of Chagrin Falls. In 1843, when the village
was but eight years old, C. T. Blakeslee and John
Braiuard (the latter afterwards a professor of chemis-
try in Cleveland, and examiner of patents at Wash-
ington), undertook to establish a newspaper. They
bought a hundred dollars worth of type on credit, and
made with their own hands every thing else necessary
for their purpose, including the press. The latter
was not, perhaps, very beautiful, but it was used for
years to print a newspaper. The proprietors called
their production the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Journal; the first number being issued in August of
the year above named.

Immediately afterwards Mr. Blakeslee sold out to
Hiram E. Calkins, who, in about eight months, dis-
posed of his interest to M. S. Barnes. In the summer
of 1844 Brainard and Barnes sold to H. C "Whipple,
who undertook to make a Democratic campaign paper
of the Journal. His foreman (the late proprietor,
Barnes), however, in Whipple's absence, substituted
a Whig ticket and editorial. Barnes, of course, was
dismissed. He then bought a press and established
a Whig campaign paper. The rival journals both
died after election.

To conclude the story of early journalism at
Chagrin Falls, the next year M. P. Doolittle and H.
B. Calkins started a paper named the Spirit of Free-
dom, which expired the same autumn. Afterwards a
publication called Lalour was carried on by the
' ' Labouring Men's Association. " The undertaking,
however, proved more laborious than profitable, and
was given up; Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Sanford becoming
the owners of the press. In January, 1850, Mrs.
Sanford began the publication of a monthly, especi-
ally intended for women, called True Kindred. At
the end of five months this was changed to the
Independent Politician (weekly) edited by Mr. San-
ford. Ere long this, too, was discontinued, aud
thenceforth there were no more journalistic efforts at
Chagrin Falls until the founding of the Chagrin
Exponent, as narrated farther on.

To return to Cleveland — in 1843 the Second Advent-
ist was established by some of the believers in Father
Miller, who was prophesying the end of the world in
April, 1844, and who had quite a considerable follow-
ing in Cleveland. The publisher was T. H. Smead.
This could not, in the nature of things, have been
expected to be a permanent accession to journalism.
Its only inspiration was the near approach of death.

and when the world failed to ignite at the appointed
time, the newspaper had nothing left to live for.

The Ohio American was established in 1844; being
the earliest of -the journals which, after various
changes and consoldiations, became the present
Leader.

At that time, also, a paper called the Declaration
of Independence began its career^with T. H. Smead
as publisher and Quintus F. Atkins as editor. It
was strongly anti-slavery, and supported Birney, the
abolition candidate for the presidency. It suspended
after the close of the campaign.

In 1845 the Cleveland Weekly Times was established
by Peter Baxter, with Horace Steele as editor. It
was merged in the Plain Dealer in 1848. The Ohio
Univeralist and- Literary Companion (weekly), a
small craft with a top-heavy title, was also launched
on the journalistic stream in 1845, under the guid-
ance of C. W. Hudson, publisher, and George H.
Emerson, editor; only to be stranded about 1847.
The True Democrat was established at Olmstead Falls
in 1847. (See sketch of the Leader.)

For two or three years after 1845 there seems to
have been an abatement of the mania for starting
newspapers, but in 1848 it broke out again, as danger-
ous as ever. One of the new issues of that year was
only intended for temporary use, and doubtless ful-
filled its purposes. This was the Reserve Battery, a
Taylor campaign (weekly), published by J. A. Harris
from the 30th of July until after election. The
vignette represented Gen. Taylor directing the firing
of a battery of artillery at a group of enemies, among
whom Geu. Cass is the most prominent who throws
up his hands and protests against the "noise and
confusion " which prevails.

The Spirit of Freedom was founded in that year
by certain gentlemen who are vaguely designated as
" Law Reformers," but it had not enough flesh and
blood enough for this practical world, and it fled to
brighter climes after a very brief sojourn. The
Northern Ohio Medical Examiner (monthly), born
the same year, represented another leading profession,
but it, too, soon passed away.

The Temple of Honor was the organ of the order
of Sons of Temperance, and though we cannot as-
certain the exact dates, yet it was probably founded
about 1850, and died after a year or two of high-
minded but poorly fed existence. The Spirit of the
Lahes was a journal of the same period published by
the Western Seaman's Friend Society (Rev. R. H.
Leonard, editor), for the benefit of the sailors on the
lakes, which performed its beneficent labor nearly six
years. In its latter days it was known as the Spirit
of the Lakes and Boatmen's Reporter; having
absorbed another journal startedwith the same object.
Perhaps the weight of the title sunk it.

Another new journal of 1850 was the Family
Visitor (weekly), the first number of which was is-
sued on the 3d of January in that year, under the
supervision of J. P. Kirtland, S. St. John and 0. H.

THE PEESS.

191

Knapp. As its name implied, it was intended especi-
ally for the home circle, and was really a very desir-
able paper. Every number contained illustrated ar-
ticles on natural history, usually contributed by Pro-
fessor Kirtland or Charles Whittlesey, Esq. On the
9 th pf May in the same year, it appeared with the
heading " published at Cleveland and Hudson." The
publication of this useful journal was continued until
1858, when it went down under the stress of "hard
times."

The principal contribution of the year 1852 to the
list of ephemeral publications was the Cleveland Com-
mercial, a neutral weekly, founded by Hine and Cul-
laton. It subsequently passed into the hands of H.
M. Addison, advocating the cause of morality, edu-
cation, temperance and equal rights for four years,
and then ceased to exist — perhaps because those vir-
tues had become so well established that a special
champion was no longer necessary.

Mr. Addison seems to have had a remarkable pro-
clivity and facility for establishing newspapers, for
the records show that in 1852 he founded two, both
devoted to temperance. Probably, however, the first,
the American Advertiser, merely changed its name,
assuming the name of the ^a?'/»oow,. under which fe-
rocious title it struck terror into the whales of evil at
a dollar a year for about four years, when it lost its
hold and sank to rise no more.

The School Boy was for a short period edited by
the students of the high school and published by P.
0. McGillicuddy; closing its career in 1855 or 1856.
1!h&0olden Rule, a religious, temperance, anti-sla-
very, anti-tobacco monthly, published by D. M. Ide
and edited by D. P. Newton, flourished for three or
four years and was moved to Mansfield about 1856.

The Daily and Weekly Forest City set out on the
career of journalism as an advocate of " Free Soil "
principles in 1852, but was united with the True
Democrat the next year, as stated in the sketch of the
Leader.

The Annals of Science was a semi-monthly sheet,
published by Hamilton S. Smith, which had a brief
existence sometime between 185^ and 1855. The
American Magazine, a Homeopathic and Hydropathic
monthly, has a similar history, but lasted somewhat
longer, dying about 1856. The New American Mag-
azine, of which B. K. Maltby was the editor, was a
monthly devoted to the interests of education, and its
period of existence corresponded quite closely with
that of its Homoeo-hydropathic contemporary.

The Cleveland Comrjriercial Gazette, devoted entirely
to market reports and other commercial matter, was
founded by E. Cowles & Co., the proprietors of the
Leader, in 1856, and was continued until 1868.

The second German newspaper in Cleveland was
the Germania, which was established in 1856, and
had a prosperous career for nearly twenty years, but
finally disappeared in 1875. The Spiritual Universe,
which began its career in 1857, enjoyed a year or so of
delicate existence, and then departed to the spirit

world. The Daily Review, published by Spear, Den-
nison & Morrison, and edited by H. H. Johnson, was
born in 1857 and lasted till the first years of the war.

The Buckeye Democrat sprang into existence in
1859, and dropped out of existence in 1860, though
its place was taken by the National Democrat, which
was established by C. B. Plood in 1860 and departed
this life in 1860. A publication founded in 1859
which attained somewhat more of permanence, was
the Wool Growers' Reporter, a monthly founded by
Andrew Meader, and devoted as its name implies to
tha wool raising interest. Afterwards its scope was
widened to embrace the wool-manufacturing interest,
its name being changed to the Wool Grower and Man-
ufacturer. Under this title it endured till the close
of the war.

The year 1859 and the forepart of 1860 were espe-
cially distinguished by an outbreak of new publica-
tions. There were the Agitator, a temperance and
anti-slavery publication, of which Mrs. H. P. M.
Brown was editor and proprietor, and which hardly
lasted through the last named year; the Analyst, of
J. A. Spencer & Co., which barely survived the next
one; Dodge's Literary Museum, issued by the cele-
brated Ossian B. Dodge, which lived about two years;
and the Vanguard, a skeptical weekly which owned
the triple editorship of William Denton, Alfred
Cridge and Anna Denton Cridge, but which went to
the rear after a very brief conflict with the dangei's of
Cleveland journalism. Of more solid character, but
of scarcely more tenacity of life was the Western Law
Monthly of Hayden, King and Elwell, which em-
braced the names of Hon. R. P. Ranney as super-
vising editor of the code department, and of J. J.
Elwell and M. A. King as assistant editors. It closed
its career in 1860. Most fragile of all was the Daily
Dispatch, published by an association of printers,
whicli saw but four brief moons of 1860 wax and wane
ere the chilly hand of death was laid upon its infant
brow.

The Gleaner, a literary weekly which was set on
foot in the beginning of 1861, closed its career within
a year. In fact, the war, which broke out in 1861,
though it increased the demand for news, and doubt-
less increased the prosperity of the well-established
journals devoted principally to the news, seemed to
have a very depressing effect on the ambition of ad-
ventures into the journalistic field, and so far, as we
can learn, not a single new periodical (unless we ex-
cept Brainard's Musical Wo7'ld) was established in
Cleveland during the continuance of the rebellion.
Not only that, but the old ones of the class of the
Analyst, the Literary Museum, etc., dropped off
until in 1863 there were only the Herald, Plain
Dealer, Leader, Ohio Farmer, Waechter am Erie,
Germania, Wool Grower and MamZfacturer, and the
German religious papers.

After the war the business of newspaper founding
began to revive; the first of the new set being the Ger-
man Democrat, which appeared in 1865. This, how-

192

GENERAL HISTORY OE CtJYAfiOGA COtTNTY.

ever, found the field fully occupied, and retired in
the course of a j'ear.

Ere long the newspaper nursery was again in full
bloom. Besides a nunilier of journals which have
survived to the present time, and of which separate
sketches are subsequently given, there were the Chris-
tian Standard, established by the Christian Publish-
ing Association in 1866, with Rev. Isaac Errett as
editor, which lasted but two years; the Oldo Culti-
vator (monthly), published at the oflBce of the Ohio
Farmer for a brief period beginning in 1860; the
TemjMrance Era (weekly), of which J. A. Spencer
was the editor, which appeared in 1870 and disap-
peared within a year; the Ohio Sjm-itualist (weekly),
which was first put forth by the American Spiritualist
Publishing Company in 1870, and which maintained
itself for three years.

Passing on to 1871, we find the Printing Gazette,
(monthly,) coming to life in that year, and departing
from life in the next. In 187:i the Prohibition Era
of A. T. Proctor took the place of Mr. Spencer's
Temperance Era, aud lasted four years; the; New
Era of B. C. Parker & Co. was begun, but never
became an old era; and the Real Estate Recorder . of
H. S. Herr also entered the field, to be crowded out
within a twelve-month. It was succeeded by the
Real Estate Journal, ot J. N. Bebout, which survived
until 1877. Of more tenacio.us papers established
during that year, were the Pokrok of F. -B. Zdrubek,
the first Bohemian paper in the city, which was pub-
lished until 1878; the Mechanics' and Blacksmiths'
Journal of John Fehrenbatch, which also lasted until
1878, and the Coopers' Journal of M. A. Foran, which
had a somewhat briefer existence.

It will be borne in mind all the while that we are
now giving only obituary notices of the ^deceased; the
living newspapers will be found farther on.

Proceeding to the spring of 1873, one learns for the
first time of the existence of Cleveland's Illustrated
Bazaar, a gay occupant of the field whicli withered
under the frost of the succeeding winter; of the
House and Garden of G. E. Blakelee, which lived
two years, part of the time under the management of
M. J. Lawrence; of the Cleveland Hygiena, published
by Dr. Libby for three years; of the Oberlin Xeic
Era, by the same proprietor, which could not live
one year in this nncongenial atmosphere; of the
Cleveland Pulpit, edited by E. B. Kaffensperger,
from which came the sound of good tidings for less
than two years.

By the light of another year (1874) we look upon
the fleeting forms of the Cleveland SontagsUatt (Sun-
day paper), edited by Julius Kurzer; of the Cross and
GroKn, edited by Lawrence W. Tatum, which sur-
vived but a twelvemonth; of the Columbia, edited
by Joseph Killian, which survived until the close of
the year last past; of the Celtic Index, edited by the
Rev. Dr. Quinn; of the Linndale Enterprise, of Wm.
W. Robinson, which was too enterprising to live more
than a twelvemonth; of Our Youth ^\nch. reached the

end of its days ere three hundred and sixty-five of
them were numbered, and of the Trio which attained
but a little longer life — only seven new papers, all
told. The fact that this was the climax of the hard
times accounts for there not being a larger number.

The Cuyahoga County Blade, published at New-
burg by L. A. Woodward; the Household Treasure
of Waite and Meyel; and the Irish National Magazine
of W. J. Nicholson, were the contributions of 1875 to
the list of Cleveland periodicals. The first suspended
publication in a year, its place being taken by the
Democratic Sunday Blade which expired a twelve-
month later; while the second and third were wrecked
in 1876.

"Come like shadows, so depart." Five more en-
tered the lists in 1876 (possibly some of them in the
latter part of '75); the Indicator, published by S. W.
Crowell & Co. ; the Little Ones at Home, by M. A.
Bee be; the Maria Hilf, of which J. H. Renfert was
the editor; the Pictorial World, managed by E. J.
Farmer; and the Delnicke Liste (Workingmen's
News). The first, third and fourth disappeared the
following year, while the second and fifth lasted a
twelvemonth longer.

The only new venture recorded in 1877 was the
Sunday Post, which was absorbed in the Voice the
following year. The journalistic adventures of 1878,
which have already come to an end, include the
Household- Gem and. Pleasure and Profit. The West
Side' Sentinel (not tiie present Sentinel) and the Lan-
tern, have come and gone during the present year.
So also has the State, an anti-Catholic sheet, which
began life about the first of February and closed in
June.

We have thus very briefly summarized the departed
periodicals of Cleveland. Possibly a few of them may
have escaped onr attention, but this could hardly be
avoided under the circumstances. We presume our
readers will be satisfied with the number of those
whose births and deaths have been thus recorded.
We now proceed to submit sketches of those which
are still upon earth, and most of which seem likely to
make that their habitation for many years to come.

THE CLEVELAND HERALD.

The oldest newspaper in Cleveland is the Herald,
the history of which dates back to 1819. With the
exception of a small sheet, started the previous year
and publislied irregularly for a short time, the Herald
was the first to occupy the newspaper field in Cleve-
land. It was started as a weekly in the year above
mentioned, the publishers being Z. Willes & Co., and
for some time held the field alone. In the summer
of 1836 the first daily newspaper was issued by Mr.
Whittlesey, under the name of the Gazette, but on
the 32d of March, 1837, it was united with the Herald
and published as the Daily Herald and Gazette, the
proprietors being Whittlesey and Hull. Soon after
the consolidation Mr. Hull disposed of his interest to
Josiah A. Harris, and after awhile Mr. Whittlesey also

^-"i"3yjLaIa.iL>.i': f''^

THE PRESS.

193

retired and Mr. Harris became sole proprietor of the
Herald. At that time the total population of Cleve-
land, on both sides of the river, was about six tliou-
sand, and the business outlook very dark. But the
Herald secured a firm hold of the people by its enter-
prise, ability and unflagging devotion to principle,
characteristics which it has retained throughout its
history.

In 1850 a part interest was sold to A. W. Pair-
banks, who assumed charge of the publishing depart-
ment and added a job office, and in the spring of
1853 George A. Benedict became one of the partners
and editors. At the close of the war of the rebellion
Mr. Harris retired from the paper, leaving the owner-
ship to Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., Mr. Benedict
being the editor-in-chief. In the intervening time
between the commencement and close of Mr. Harris'
connection with the paper, the Herald had grown
from a weak, struggling sheet, to a journal of large
circulation and commanding influence, aud it had
prospered so greatly that, instead of being printed on
a press it did not own, it was the owner of a large
building completely stocked with powerful presses
and materials, and employed a large force. In 1876,
Mr. Benedict died, and towards the close of that year
his interest in the establishment was purchased by
Mr. Fairbanks, who thus became sole owner.

Near the end of 1877 the Herald was sold to Messrs.
Eichard C. Parsons and William Perry Fogg, and the
Herald Publishing Company formed, with Mr. Par-
sons as editor-in-chief and Mr. Fogg as president of
the company and business manager. With the ad-
vent of the new management fresh life was infused
into the old and favorite newspaper, and it took its
place among the foremost and most widely known
journals of the country. Its circulation is large, and
its influence great. The Daily Herald is issued
morning and evening, there being three regular edi-
tions of the evening issue, and there are also tri-weekly
and weekly editions with heavy circulations. The staff
of editors, reporters, telegraphic correspondents, and
paid contributors is large and composed of the best
material, no paper of its rank being better appointed
in this respect. The politics of the Herald was Whig
until the death of that party. It was the first paper
in the Union to hoist the name of Fremont for Presi-
dent, before his nomination by the first Eepublican
national convention, and since that time has always
been an advocate of Eepublican principles. Under
its present management it is noted for its vigorous
and able advocacy of true republicanism, its staunch
patriotism, and its fearless criticism of men and
measures, whether in connection with politics or other
subjects.

THE CLEVELAND PLAIN" DEALBK.

In 1834 Oanfield & Spencer purchased the Cleve-
land Advertiser of W. Woodward. They continued

its publication as a Democratic weekly paper until
1836, when they transformed it into a daily. J. W.
and A. N. Gray bought the paper in 1841 and changed
its name to the Plain Dealer. J. W. Gray managed
the editorial department, and he was not long in
making the influence of the Plain Dealer felt in the
party. Mr. Gray was a terse, trenchant and witty
writer, and there was few more readable papers than
his.

From the start it was uncompromisingly Demo-
cratic. Politics, however, did not absorb all the
space, for Mr. Gray had a sharp " nose for news,"
and especially aimed to make his local chronicles
lively and entertaining. The earlier issues of the
Plain Dealer were not of course up to the mechanical
style that at present distinguishes it; but a copy
issued seven years after the Grays assumed control,
which lies before the writer, is of goodly size and
neat typography, and is well filled with editorial,
local, miscellaneous and telegraphic news. We itali-
cize the last adjective, because telegrams were far less
common in 1848 than they are now.

The Plain Dealer was conspicuous in the Presiden ■
tial campaigns from 1848 on, especially in 1853 and
1860. In the latter contest it was one of Stephen A.
Douglas' principal supporters in his race against
Breckenridge, Lincoln and Bell. The editor of the
Plain Dealer was a warm personal friend of Mr. Doug-
las, and threw his whole soul into his service.

When the clouds of civil war darkened the political
sky the Plain Dealer threw all of its influence in
favor of the government, but Mr. Gray was not long
spared to wield his pen in favor of his country. After
his death, which occurred in 1862, the paper declined
through bad management; but four years later it was
purchased by W. W. Armstrong, of TifEin, a veteran
editor and publisher, and was thoroughly rehabilita-
ted. In 1877, Mr. Armstrong organized the Plain
Dealer Publishing Company, and the paper has since
been issued under the management of that company,
of which W. W. Armstrong is president, and George
Hoyt is vice president. Among the gentlemen edito-
rially connected with the Plain Dealer who have be-
come prominent, may be mentioned H. Bartlett,
auditor of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and
Indianapolis Eailroad Company; J. B. Boughton,
now on the staff of tlie New York Commercial Adver-
tiser; ex-Judge J. D. Cleveland, a leading member of
the Cleveland bar; Bishop McLaren, of the Episco-
pal diocese of Illinois; D. E. Locke, celebrated as
"Petroleum V. Nasby," and the late Charles Farrar
Browne, renowned in America and England as " Ar-
temus Ward."

The Plain Dealer is now (1879) in the enjoyment
of a large circulation, and possesses an influence in
the Democratic party surpassed by but one journal in
Ohio; it being in all respects and without question
the second Democratic daily in the State,

194

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

THE CLEVELAND LEADER.

The germ of the Leader which has become one of
the prominent newspapers of the country, is to be
found in a journal established in what was then
known as Ohio City (now the "West Side" of
Cleveland,) in the year 1844, and called the "Ohio
American." It was founded by R. B. Dennis, Esq.,
who published and edited it as an organ of the old
" Liberty Party" till 1845, when it was published by
Mr. Edwin Cowles, (the present editor of the Leader
who was then but eighteen years old,) and edited by
L. L. Rice. In 1846, Mr. Cowles transferred the
publication to Mr. M. W. Miller, who continued his
connection, in company with Mr. Rice, till 1848.
In 1846, Hon. E. S. Hamlin, formerly member of
congress from the Lorain district, founded a weekly
anti-slavery Whig paper, called the True Democrat.
It was first published at Olmsted Falls. In 1847 the
True Democrat was moved to Cleveland, where it
was changed into a daily.

In 1848 the famous Buffalo convention met, com-
posed of anti-slavery Whigs, who bolted the nomina-
tion of Gen. Taylor; of that branch of the New York
Democracy known as "Barnburners," who bolted the
nomination of Gen. Cass for the same office, and of
the members of the old Liberty party, all of whom
formed the Free Soil party, and nominated Martin
Van Buren for president, and Charles Francis Adams
for vice-president.

The Tr%ie Democrat and the American having com-
menced occupying the same political platform, were
consolidated under the former name. During that
year (1848,) Mr. Hamlin transferred the paper to
Messrs. James A. Briggs and T. G. Turner, who
edited and published it till the following year, when
they sold out to Messrs. John C. Vaughan and the late
Thomas Brown. In 1851 Mr. George Bradburn, of
Boston, became associated with Messrs. Vaughan and
Brown as one of the editors of the True Democrat,
and the weight of his trenchant pen was felt in the
Western Reserve in favor of the cause of the down-
trodden slave.

In 1853 Mr. Joseph Medill, now editor of the Chi-
cago Tribune, came to Cleveland and established the
Daily Forest City. The result was that the journalistic
field in Cleveland, at that time, was filled with daily
papers to more than its supporting capacity, there
being the Herald, Plain Dealer and True Democrat
to compete with the Forest City. The consequence
was that all these papers were losing ventures. In
1853 the Forest City and True Democrat were consol-
idated under the name of the Daily Forest City Dem-
ocrat. Mr. Edwin Cowles, who was then carrying on
the printing business, was taken into partnership, the
name of the new firm being Medill, Cowles & Co.
Mr. Cowles had charge of the business department,
and Messrs. Medill and Vaughan were the editors;
Messrs. Bradburn and Brown having retired the year
previous.

In March, 1854, the long and cumbersome name of
the Forest City Democrat was changed to that of the
Cleveland Leader, which name the paper has borne
ever since. In the spring of 1855, Mr. Cowles pur-
chased the interest controlled by Messrs. Medill and
Vaughan, and they moved to Chicago, taking with
them Mr. Alfred Cowles, brother of Mn Edwin
Cowles, who had previously served as book-keeper in
the Leader office. The three took possession of tlie
Chicago Tribune, then in an exhausted condition
financiallyj and raised it to its well known important
position.

From that time till 1867 Mr. Edwin Cowles was
the sole proprietor of the Leader, with the exception
of two brief periods, when he admitted partners into
the business, from whom, however, he soon separated.
In 1856, that veteran journalist, Mr. J. A. Harris,
who had edited the Cleveland Herald for the previous
twenty years, became associated with Mr. Cowles in
the editorial work of the paper, and remained with
him till the fall of 1860, when he resigned. At that
time Mr. Cowles assumed the editorship, and has held
the position ever since.

In 1867 the Leader establishment was placed under
the control of a stock company, under the name and
style of the Cleveland Leader Printing Company, Mr.
Cowles retaining a majority of the stock. The busi-
ness of this corporation is for the purpose of publish-
ing the Leader, and for carrying on its extensive
printing establishment, which is celebrated for its
handsome ornamental work and its fine book print-
ing. This history is a specimen of its work. In this
connection we would also mention that the Leader
was the first newspaper in the world that was printed
on a rotary lightning press which delivered the sheets
pasted, with leaves cut at top and folded, all in one
operation.

Since 1869 the company has also issued an after-
noon paper, called the Evening News, which repro-
duces the most important articles from the Leader,
together with the later telegraphic and other news.

The Leader, with its evening edition, has a larger
circulation than any other Republican pajaer in the
State. The company also publishes the Tri-weekly,
the Weekly and the Sunday Leader; all papers of
large circulation and wide influence.

The officers of the company are as follows: Edwin
Cowles, president ; E. H. Perdue, business manager ;

B. 0. Wilcox, secretary ; Henry L. Brown, manager
of the job printing department, and W. T. Stiimm,
foreman of the news room. The directors are: Ed-
win Cowles, E. H. Perdue, F. H. Mason, P. G. Wat-
mough, B. 0. Wilcox, F. H. Bradner, Henry L. Brown
and W. T. Stumm. The editorial stafE consists of
the following gentlemen: Edwin Cowles, editor;
Capt. F. H. Mason, managing editor, assisted by J.

C. Keffer, J. C. Covert, Henry A. Ford, J. H. Ken-
nedy, F. H. Bradner, Eugene H. Cowles, and a large
force of local reporters, besides two hundred corres-
pondents located in all the large cities of the Union

l//?/t«,/fc^^»^ //^ L^^:^~.caJ-'^<_^

THE PESSS.

195

and at all prominent points in the country west of the
Alleghenies.

The success of the Leader may safely be ascribed
not only to its thorough business management, but
to its strong advocacy of Republican principles, to its
bold position on all questions of the day, (opposing
slavery when slavery was powerful, and now opposing
every description of tyranny, whatever) and last, not
least, to its being emphatically a live news paper in
every sense of the word. Mr. Cowles is now the sen-
ior editor of Cleveland. The Leader has risen to its
present position under his editorial management, and
he will doubtless continue the work of improvement
until it shall be the peer in power of any journal in
the west.

THE OHIO FARMER.

This paper, a weeitly agricultural, live stock and
family journal, was established in January, 1848, by
Thomas Brown. He built up for it a fair circulation,
and an enviable reputation as an enterprising agri-
cultural paper; but, becoming financially embarrassed,
relinquished his control of it in August, 1862. It
then passed into the hands of William B. Pairchild,
as publisher, and Sullivan D. Harris, as editor.

At this time the Ohio Cultivator, which was estab-
lished in 1845, and was for seventeen years conducted
by M. B. Bateham and S. D. Harris, at Columbus,
Ohio, was purchased and consolidated with the Oliio
Farmer, which became the only agricultural paper of
the State. In December, 1866, Mr. Fairchild sold his
interest as publisher to A. W. Parker. On the 29th
of October, 1867, Mr. Parker died, and the publica-
tion was continued by Mr. Harris alone until Janu-
ary following, when the services of George B. Blake-
lee were secured as associate editor. On the 1st of
January, 1869, Mr. Harris retired, and Mr. Blakelee
became editor and proprietor.

While the paper had, up to this time, maintained
a high standard of excellence, and enjoyed a fair
patronage, it had brought financial ruin upon each of
its managers.

In December, 1873, M. J. Lawrence purchased the
paper from Mr. Blakelee, and became sole editor and
proprietor. He shortly afterward procured the assist-
ance of M. E. Williams as associate editor, and under
the management of these gentlemen the paper is now
conducted.

The Ohio Farmer, at the present time, has a large
and steadily increasing circulation, and takes a promi-
nent position in American agricultural journalism.
Its circulation extends throughout Ohio and the neigh-
boring States of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, Indiana and Michigan, and it is well known in
every State and territory of the Union.

In 1874 Mr. Lawrence purchased the Buckeye
Farmer, a paper for several years published at West
Salem, Ohio, and united it with the Ohio Farmer.

In February, 1879, he also purchased the American
Farm Journal, for nine years published at Toledo,
Ohio, and consolidated that paper with the Farmer.

This paper stands to-day upon a firm and substan-
tial basis, successful financially and in point of circu-
lation, and is assuredly tM agricultural organ of the
State.

WAECHTBE AM ERIE.

The title of this leading German newspaper in
Northern Ohio, reads in English " Sentinel on Erie."
The present editor, proprietor and publisher, Mr.
A. Theime, was its original proprietor, and issued
the first number August 9, 1852. In 1866, Mr.
Theime organized a stock company, called the
Waechter am Erie Company, by which the publication
of the journal was continued until 1871. In that
year Mr. Theime resumed sole charge of it, and since
that date its proprietary status has remained the
same. Early in its history, although substantially
independent in politics, the paper inclined toward
Democracy, and this tone it maintained until the or-
ganization of the Liberal Republican party, of which,
in Ohio, Mr. Theime was one of the pioneers, when
its infiuence was carried over to that organization.
Since the demise of Liberal Republicanism the
Waechter am Erie has aimed to pursue a liberal but
independent course touching the political questions
of the day. The paper contains four pages, with
thirty-two columns, issues daily and weekly editions,
and enjoys not only a wide circulation, but also an
important place as a director of public opinion.

PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIA-
TION.

The first efEort at establishing a publishing house
for the Evangelical Association, was made in 1816,
when the organization was about sixteen years old,
and the whole membership numbered only one
thousand four hundred persons. The immediate
instrumentality of this enterprise was the late Father
John Dreisbaoh, then a young man. While on a
visit to Philadelphia he bought, at his own expense,
the necessary outfit for a small printing office and
book bindery, of which he made the conference a
present. Preparations were then made to carry the
project into effect. The conference appointed a book
commission, consisting of seven members, to which
was assigned the erection and management of a print-
ing establishment. A small wooden building, twenty
by twenty-six feet, one story and a half high, was
erected on a part of the lot occupied by the first
church edifice of the Association, at New Berlin,
Union county, Pennsylvania, in which the business
was established on a basis, as was then thought, ade-
quate to the demands of the organization. A book
agent and assistant were at once elected, and work
commenced. But the Bhurch was too young and
weak properly to support such an institution, and the
concern became involved, adjusted its affairs, and
ceased its operations. From this time on until 1836,
book publishing was still carried on, but the work
was contracted for. In November, 1836, at a special
meeting of the General Conference, it was decided to

196

GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

again locate a book establishment at New Berlin,
Pennsylvania, which was done the nest year.

The church in its further development, as well as
the business of the establishment, extended westward,
and in 1851, the General Conference ordered the re-
moval of the publishing house to Cleveland. This
was consummated in 1854, and the new building
erected on Woodland avenue, then called Kinsman
street, where the business is still carried on. It was
far up town, almost out of the city, and considering
its position m a comparatively unsettled neighbor-
hood, was quite imposing. It was forty feet front
and sixty-five feet deep, and three and a half stories
high. Though larger than necessary at first, some
departments soon became cramped for room. Thou-
sands of dollars worth of work was refused for want
of printing facilities.

This led to the erection in the year 1874 of a new
building for store and ofB.ce purposes, while the old
was to remain as the manufacturing department.
The new block occupies lots 214 and 316, Woodland
avenue, adjoining the former premises. It has a front-
age of fifty-five feet aad a half, with a depth on Vine
street of eighty feet and a half. It is four stories high,
of brick, with best cut sandstone, rubbed surface,
window sills and caps, the caps on the front being
belted together with stone. The first story, on Wood-
land avenue is all standstone, with large windows,
having single panes of best British plate glass. The
building throughout is substantial and convenient in
its arrangements, being provided with all needed
modern improvements, and is heated by steam radi-
ators in the different rooms distributing the heat.

The business of the Publishing House continued to
increase until it became necessary to erect still another
building. In October, 1877, the Board of Publication
ordered this improvement, and in September, 1878,
the building was ready for occupancy. It fronts on
Harmon street, and in style of architecture corre-
sponds with that erected a few years ago on Woodland
avenue, for the book store and clerical and literary
departments, — brick, with stone sills, caps and trim-
mings. Indeed, what has thus far been finished is
only a part of the block that is eventually to occupy
the entire premises, and was planned from the begin-
ning. It measures thirty-five feet by sixty-eight feet,
has four stories besides basement, with large and well
lighted rooms, and is built throughout in a most
su.bstantial manner, of the very best material.

Thus, originating in a small way in New Berlin,
Union county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1837, with
an investment of about two hundred dollars, this has
become- one of the largest publishing houses in the
country. The business of the association requires a
capital of three hundred and eighty-tWo thousand dol-
lars, and furnishes employment to nearly one hundred
hands, besides having a large branch house in Ger-
many and a depository in Canada. The range of its
business includes a wholesale and retail bookstore, and
the publication of books and periodicals. The follow-

ing English publications are a part of its periodical
literature: The Evangelical Messenger, The Sunday
School Messenger, The Blackboard, My Lesson and The
Evangelical Lesson Leaf, weekly; The Living Epis-
tle, The Eva7igeUcal Teacher and The Sunday School
Messenger, monthly, and a semi-monthly edition of
The Sunday School Messenger. In the German lan-
guage it publishes Der Christliche Botschafter, (the
oldest and most widely circulated religious weekly in
the country,) Der Christliche Kinderfreund, Die
Wandtafel, Laemmeriueide and Das Evangelische
LectionsUatt, weekly; Das Evangelische Magazin and
Der Christliche Kinderfreund, monthly; and Der
Christliche Kinderfreund, semi-monthly. In Ger-
many it issues Der Evangelische Botschafter, weekly,
and Der Evangelische Kinderfreund, monthly. The
issues in America average one hundred thousand copies
per week; those in Germany twelve thousand. This
house is a church association, under the authority of
the General Conference of the Evangelical Associa-
tion, which appoints its officers and a board of publi-
cation to act in. the interim of its sessions, and is under
the direct management of a publishing agent. Its
net profits, beyond what is needed for its own develop-
ment, are devoted to benevolent purposes, being
divided among the annual conferences, for the support
of poor ministers, or ministers' widows and orphans.
The present publishing agent who has served for the
last nine years, is Eev. W. F. Schneider.

PBEIODICALS OF THE ETAKGELICAL ASSOCIATION.
DEB OHEISTLICHE BOTSCHAFTEE.

The Christliche Botschafter was established by
the fifth General Conference of the Evangelical Asso-
ciation, held at Orwigsburg, May 25, 1835. The
first number was issued January 1, 1836, at New
Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania.

It was eight and a half inches broad and ten and
three-eighths inches long, and had eight pages.

With the beginning of 1840, the Botschafter ap-
peared, somewhat enlarged, and semi-monthly. This
volume was commenced with two thousand and sev-
enty subscribers.

With the fifteenth volume (1850,) it was enlarged
and furnished with new type. In 1855, the Bots-
chafter appeared in a considerably enlarged form.
Prom November of that year it was published weekly.
In 1867, it was again enlarged. The subscription
price was raised in 1868 to two dollars and the paper
again considerably enlarged. At present it numbers
over nineteen thousand subscribers, and is the oldest,
largest, and most extensively circulated German relig-
ious newspaper published in America.

DEE OHEISTLICHE KINDERFEEUKD.

A German Sunday-school paper, well illustrated.
It was commenced in June, 1856, with five thousand
subscribers, and its maximum number now is over
thirty thousand. It is highly valued by its many

THE PRESS.

197

readers on account of its excellent reading matter and
pictures. Three editions are issued; weekly, semi-
monthly and monthly.

DAS ETAKGBLIS.CHE MAGAZIN.

Das Evangelische Magazin was established in
July, 1869, as a private enterprise. The General
Conference of the Evangelical Association purchased
it in 1871, and has since ordered material improve-
ments. It is now a monthly magazine of thirty-six
large pages, ably edited, beautifully printed, finely
illustrated, designed to entertain and instruct in the
family circle, and devoted to the interests of the Sun-
day-school and its promoters. It enjoys a continually
increasing circle of readers, and is an especial favorite
of those who are friends of a literature that is healthy
and sound, and at the same time entertaining. It
has a circulation of over eight thousand. The sub-
scription price is one dollar and twenty-five cents a
year.

LAEMMBKWEIDE.

This is a weekly illustrated juvenile paper, estab-
lished in 1876, and particularly designed for infant
Sunday-school classes. It is printed in large type on
tinted paper. It contains the lesson for the respec-
tive Sunday, but put in a form to suit young children.

EVAN^GELISCHBS LECTIONSBLATT.

A lesson leaf containing the lessons of the Interna-
tional S. S. series with golden text, topic, questions,
and practical applications.

DIE WANDTAFEL.

Die Wandtafel is an exact f ac-simile of a real black-
board, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size, and
designed to illustrate the International Sunday School
Lessons. It was started in January, 1879, and is
issued weekly and mailed to siibscribers at three dol-
lars a year, or one dollar per quarter.

THE ESTGLISH EVANGELICAL MESSENGEK.

The Evangelical Messenger was begun in New Berlin,
Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of January,
1848. It started with eight hundred subscribers. It
was a royal sheet of four pages. It had sixteen col-
umns of reading matter, but no advertisements, and
was issued semi-monthly. The subscription price was
one dollar. A new volume of the Messenger was
commenced with the year 1851. It was reduced in
form to a demi quarto sheet of eight pages. In
August of 1864, it was advanced to one dollar and
twenty-five cents, and so continued until the end of
1867. At the commencement of 1868 the price was
raised to two dollars.

In November, 1861, the Messenger appeared as a
weekly, without change of size or price. Eighteen
hundred and sixty-eight ushered in its last and great-
est change. It then assumed its present form and

price. It has at present a circulation of between nine
thousand and ten thousand.

THE LIVIlfG EPISTLE.

The Living Epistle was founded in January, 1869,
and published by a company as a private enterprise.
It became the property of the Evangelical Association
in January, 187:^, and has since been published by
it. It is a monthly magazine of thirty-two pages,
devoted to the spread of Scriptural holiness and a
pure literature.

EVANGELICAL SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHEB.

The Evangelical Sunday School Teacher was estab-
lished in January, 1876, to meet the wants of those
in the Evangelical church who were inquiring for a
low-priced standard magazine, containing notes, expla-
nations and illustrations of the International Sunday
School Lessons. It has made its way into public favor,
and has a fair circulation.

SUNDAY SCHOOL MESSENGER.

The Messenger is an illustrated paper for the Sun-
day school and home. Its issue commenced in June,
1864, and it has reached a circulation of about thirty-
five thousand copies. The appearance and mechanical
execution of the Messenger are above the average of
papers of this character. Three editions are pub-
lished, weekly, semi-monthly and monthly.

MY LESSON.

This illustrated weekly was established in 1876, and
is adapted to scholars in infant classes. It presents the
lesson in a very simple form, and is printed on tinted
paper, presenting an attractive appearance.

EVANGELICAL LESSON LEAF.

This contains the International Sunday School Les-
son, with remarks adapted to intermediate or ad-
vanced classes. It is a valuable help to both teachers
and scholars, containing the golden text, topic,
questions, and practical applications.

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL BLACKBOAED.

The BlacTcboard is a weekly sheet, designed to illus-
trate, in the exact style and form of a blackboard, the
International Sunday School Lessons. It is printed
on heavy paper, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in
size. Its publication commenced with January, 1879,
and it has found its way into all the States and Ter-
ritories.

EEFOEMED CHUECH PUBLICATIONS.

The German Publishing House of the Reformed
Church in the United States was established in Cleve-
land in 1860, when the publications were limited to
ihQ Reformirte Kirchen Zeitung , {Reformed Church
Journal) a weekly issue, originally published in Tifiin
— beginning in 1857 — under private enterprise as The

198

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Evangelist. Following upon the first named paper,
Der Laemmerhirte {The Shepherd) was put forward
as a monthly and semi-monthly Sunday School pub-
lication, and in 1876, Die Abend Lust {The Evening
Joy) was added as a journal for general circulation.
These three named newspapers, and a small Sunday
School pamphlet called Lections Blaetter {Lesson
Leaf) comprise the issues of the house, the business
of which is carried on by H. J. Ruetenik, at 991
Scranton Avenue, as business agent and editor.

brainakd's musical world.

In 1854 the Cleveland music-publishing house of
S. Brainard & Co. issued an eight-page monthly jour-
nal devoted to the interests of music, and its success
proved so substantial that successive increases in
volume to sixteen, to thirty-two and to forty pages,
followed as a necessity. S. Brainard's Sons, as the
successors of S. Brainard & Co., conduct the publica-
tion now, and as the firm has also branch houses in
Chicago and Cincinnati, the Musical World is issued
simultaneously the first of each month in the three
cities. Karl Merz is the managing editor and is as-
sisted by a full corps of capable writers.

GERMAN BAPTIST PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLISHIisTG
SOCIETY.

In the year 1851 there were only five German Bap-
tist ministers in this country, with churches number-
ing but four hundred and one members. From that
time until 1878, there were nearly ten thousand bap-
tisms, and the number of pastors increased to one
hundred and thirty.

At the Triennial Conference of the German Bap-
tists of the United States and Cauadas, held at Ber-
lin, Ontario, in 1866, Phillip W. Biekel was elected
editor and secretary of the society. For some months
previous, there had been published a monthly paper
called Der Sendlote des Evangeliums, but at this
meeting the name was changed to Der Sendhote, and
the publication issued weekly instead of monthly.
From that time the society dates its progress. A
general desire for a greater extension of the work and
usefulness of the society was expressed, and for this
more capital was needed. J. T. Burghardt, of the
German Baptist Church of Louisville, Kentucky, of-
fered to give to the society a cash donation of $3,000
with the condition that the German churches would
make up an equal sum. They did so, making up the
whole sum and more. These cash donations were
used; in the year 1872, in buying a piece of property
on Forest street. A house was erected, type, presses
and machinery were bought, and books, tracts and
papers were published and distributed throughout the
country. In June, 1874, the building was partially
destroyed by fire. This loss was more seriously felt
as there was no insurance on the property. The new
building, on the corner of Payne avenue and Dalton
street, was completed and occupied by the society in

May, 1878. The agent of the society is H. Shulte.
It is now publishing the following papers:

DER SENDBOTE.

This is the only German Baptist weekly published
in this country, and was established in January, 1866.
It is an eight-page paper, twenty-six by thirty-eight
inches in size, and is strictly denominational. Its
circulation is about four thousand copies.

DER MUNTERE SiBMANN.
(the cheerful sower.)

The first number of this monthly was issued January
1 1866. It is non-denominational, and published for
the benefit of the Sunday School and home circle
generally. Its circulation is nine thousand five hun-
dred.

DIE SONNTAGSFREUDE.
(the stjndat joy.)

This publication is for the use of Sunday Schools.
The first number was issued in January, 1873. It is
published monthly, and contains the international
series of lessons which have been introduced into
nearly all Christian denominations. It is denomina-
tional in its tendency. Its circulation is three thou-
sand eight hundred.

DER AVEGWEISER.
(the guide.)

This is a monthly publication for the use of the
churches. Its intention is to lead strangers to the
church. It was started in January, 1876, and has a
circulation of thirty-two hundred copies, distributed
gratuitously.

THE TRADE REVIEW.

The weekly newspaper now published under the
above title, was established in January, 1868, by
Messrs. Geo. H. Adams, Ezra S. Adams and Kipp
Stone under the name of The Ohio Weekly Review.
The paper was a success from the start, yielding large -
returns to the proprietors. After a few months the
Messrs. Adams purchased the interest of Mr. Stone,
at the rate of ten thousand dollars for the whole, and
continued the publication on their own account. At
a subsequent date the title of the paper was changed
to that of Qomrnercial Eevietv, as more expressive of
the character of the publication. This in turn gave
place to that of Manufacturiiig and Trade Review,
under which title it continued to July, 1879, when it
passed into the hands of the Review Publishing Com-
pany, who dropped the word "manufacturing" as
being too long, and continued the publication under
the shorter and more convenient title of The Trade
Review. The character of the paper remains, how-
ever, substantially as heretofore, as an organ of the
manufacturing, industrial and commercial interests
of the West. It is under the editorial management
of Mr. Geo. C. Davies, an early resident of this city,
but for many years past of Cincinnati and Dayton.

THE PEESS.

199

THE BEEEA ADVERTISER.

TliC Advertiser was first issued on the 20th day of
June, 1868, by the Berea Job Printing Company, and
then bore its present name. On the ITth of April,
1869, C. Y. Wheeler became editor and proprietor,
and conducted the paper, under the name of Grind-
stone City Advertiser, until February 17, 1871, when
it was purchased by Gardner and Wilcox, who became
editors and proprietors. Mr. Wilcox retired on the
22nd of September, 1872, and P. B. Gardner then
published the 'paper till March 27, 1874, when he
transferred it to W. H. Pearce. It was conducted by
him until September 1, 1877, when it was purchased
by the Republican Printing Company; H. E. Foster
and H. F. Kastendieck becoming editors, and B. D.
Peebles business manager. Mr. Foster and Kasten-
dieck both retired from the editorial management
within the year; since then the paper has been con-
ducted with marked success by Mr. E. D. Peebles.
In January, 1879, the name was changed to The
Berea Advertiser.

LOCOMOTIVE engineers' JOURNAL.

The first number of this monthly, under the style
of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers' Monthly
Journal, was published in January, 1867, the oflSces
then being located at Rochester, New York. S. R.
Mudge was the first editor. In October, 1868, the
executiye offices were removed to Ft. Wayne, Indiana,
and the publication continued at that place, under the
editorship of Wilson and Mudge. In 1870, the offices
were again changed, and Cleveland made the head-
quarters of the Grand International Division, where
the publication has since been carried on. The Jour-
nal is a forty-eight page pamphlet, and devoted to
the interests of the locomotive department of rail-
roads. The monthly circulation of the Journal
amounts to about ten thousand copies, which are
taken throughout all parts of the United States and
Canadas. Quite a number of copies also go to Eng-
land, Scotland, Central India and Central America.
The present editors are P. M. Arthur, G. C. E., and
T. S. Ingraham, F. G. E.

THE SUNDAY VOICE.

The first number of the Stinday Morning Voice
was issued on the 15th of October, 1871. The parties
originally engaged in the publication of the paper
were W. S. Robison, L. 0. Rawson, Thomas White-
head and E. 0. Hardy. Before the close of the first
year, however, W. S. Robison purchased the interests
of the other parties, and became sole proprietor.
During the first year or more of its existence, the
paper had to combat the strong popular prejudice
against Sunday papers, and the enterprise was con-
sequently unprofitable. It made steady progress,
however, and before the completion of its second year
was on a paying basis, and had become an acknowl-
edged necessity. From that time till now it has

maintained a vigorous hold upon the popular regard,
and realized a fair degree of prosperity. In June,
1878, Hon. 0. J. Hodge having purchased the Sun-
day Post, that paper was consolidated with the Voice,
and the title became the Sunday Voice and Post,
Subsequently Post was dropped, and the present
name adopted — the Cleveland Voice. The proprie-
tors are Messrs. Robison and Hodge, under the style
of the Voice Publishing Company, Mr. Hodge being
editor-in-chief, and Mi*. Robison, business manager.
The consolidation of the two competing Sunday papers
proved a highly advantageous arrangement, both for
the public and the parties in interest. The popular-
ity of the Voice was never so wide-spread and firmly
rooted as at present, and its advance keeps steady
pace with the growth of the community. Mr. E. 0.
Hardy is still connected with the paper, occupying
the position of associate editor, while Mr. C. C. Ruth-
rauff, who has been on the paper for the past six
years, is its city editor. The office of publication is
No. 118, Seneca street.

THE CLEVELAND ANZEIGER.

The Cleveland Anzeiger was founded August 15,
1871, by Henry Gentz, and issued tri-weekly as an
independent German newspaper until August 5, 1873,
when it was bought by a stock company of prominent
Republicans of Cuyahoga county, and issued daily
and weekly. Since this time it has been the Re-
publican German organ of Northern Ohio. January
1, 1874 the stock company sold out to Bohm, Kraus
& Co. ; two years after this Mr. Kraus became exclu-
sive owner of the paper, but sold out on September 1,
1877, to Mr. KaufEmann, one of the editors of the
Cincinnati Volksblatt. Since that time the paper has
been published by Mr. Kauflmau, who is its editor.
Daily circulation, two thousand three hundred; weekly
and Sunday, two thousand eight hundred.

DIE BIENE.

DieBiene was established in 1872, the first number
being issued January 1st. It was, at that time, Demo-
cratic in politics, and under the charge of William
Miller as editor. In 1876, a stock company was
formed, at which time the political sentiment of the
paper was changed, and it has since continued as an
independent Sunday morning weekly. Its circulation
is about fifteen hundred.

In addition to their weekly paper, the Biene Pub-
lishing Company furnish "insides" for twenty-two
different German and English weeklies in Ohio and
other States. The editorial department is under the
charge of Henry Minnig.

STANDARD OF THE CROSS.

This is a forty-column weekly, devoted to the in-
terests of the Episcopal church, and is published by
W. C. French, who has the assistance of his son in
editing it. The Standard of the Cross was first issued
August 18, 1868, at Oberlin, Ohio, as a continuation

200

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COtJNTY.

of the Western Episcopalian, published till that time
at Gambler, which was itself a continuation of the
Gambier Observer, started by Bishop Chase in 1832.
W. C. French was the proprietor of the journal upon
its first issue in August, 1868, and in 1873 he removed
it to Cleveland, where it has since then retained its
location.

THE CHRISTIAN HARVESTER.

This paper, whose title bears the explanatory affix
of "A Holiness Journal," was first published in De-
cember, 1872, by James W. P. Fackler as The Mission
Harvester, and was then devoted to " the work of mis-
sions and holiness." In July, 1874, Thomas K. Doty,
the present editor and publisher assumed control, and
changed the title to the one now borne. The Har-
vester is a small sheet of twenty-four columns, and till
January, 1878, was a monthly publication. Since
that time, the issues have been monthly and semi-
monthly.

SOUTH CLEVELAND ADVOCATE.

In 1873, Harry H. Nelson started a weekly news-
paper in that part of Cleveland known as Newburg,
calling it All Around the Clock. Shortly afterwards
he changed the name to The South Cleveland Advo-
cate, and as such continues to publish it. Mr. Nelson
is still' its editor and publisher. Its politics are
Republican and its issue weekly, with thirty-two col-
umns.

THE HOME COMPANION.

This is a small eight-page literary journal "for boys
and girls" and is issued semi-monthly. It was started
m 1873, by S. L. Thorpe & Brother, who were succeed-
ed in 1874, by S. L. Thorpe, the present editor and
publisher. The circulation of the Home Companion is
confined exclusively to territory beyond Cleveland.

Arnest worker.

In the spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and
Means of the Women's Christian Association, was
called upon to provide a new method for raising funds.
After a number of plans had been discussed and re-
jected, it was finally decided to publish a monthly
paper, having two objects in view; to be a medium of
communication, and a source of revenue.

The first number of the Earnest Worker appeared
in June, 1874, under the editorship of Miss Emma
Janes. Miss Janes occupied the editor's chair for six
months, and then left Cleveland, after which the
work for the remainder of the year was carried on by
the Publishing Committee. With the opening of the
second volume in June, 1875, Mrs. Howard M. Ing-
ham was elected to the position of editor, which she
has since retained.

The paper has been warmly supported, and has
met with general favor. The total profits during the
first four years of its existence, were over fifteen
hundred dollars.

The officers of the Publishing Committee are Mrs.
E. C. Standart, chairman; Miss H. A. Hurlbut,
secretary.

THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSE.

This journal was established in 1874, the first
number being issued July 4th. Rev. T. P. Thorpe
was appointed editor of the paper by its founder, Rt.
Rev. R. Gilmour, and by degrees secured for it re-
cognition from the press and public, as a staunch de-
fender of catholic principles and catholic rights. The
reverend editor, having charge of a congregation while
conducting the paper, found it difficult to do justice
to both of these positions, and was in 1877, at his own
request, relieved from the editorship. He was suc-
ceeded by Manly Tello in August, 1877. Under his
able management the Universe has not only held its
former commanding position, but has continued to
increase in strength and influence, so that it now ranks
among the very foremost of the catholic papers of the
United States. Its circulation, at first confined to this
diocese, now extends to the adjoining States, and it
has more or less subscribers in every diocese in the
country. It now numbers between seven and eight
thousand bona fide subscribers, and its list is increas-
ing weekly.

THE CHAGRIN FALLS EXPONENT

was established Januai7 1, 1874, by J. J. Stranahan
and P. Hohler. The paper was started as a seven-
column folio, but only continued as such a few weeks,
when it was enlarged to a six-eolumn quarto, which
size it still bears. In 1875 the firm of Stranahan &
Hohler was dissolved, Mr. Hohler retiring, and since
then Mr. Stranahan has been sole proprietor and edi-
tor. Mr. Frank F. Stranahan has filled the position
of local editor for four years.

The Exponent office is now located in Shute's block,
and is supplied with a cylinder press and all modern
machinery and material. It makes a specialty of dairy
news, and claims to furnish more reading-matter of
this character than any other paper in the United
States, except those which are conducted exclusively
as dairy papers. It has a circulation of nearly two
thousand copies and its list is rapidly increasing, as
a natural result of the enterprise exhibited in its
management. It has been from the first, and still is,
independent in politics, but vigorous in the treatment
of all subjects requiring its attention.

SUNDAY MORNING TIMES.

The Times was established May 7, 1876, by John
P. O'Brien, having offices at No. 91 Seneca street.
In 1879 the location was changed to Nos. 34 and 36
Long street.

THE EVENING TIMES.

This daily evening paper was also founded by John
P. O'Brien, with offices on Long street, April 34,
1879. These papers still remain under the charge of
Mr. O'Brien as editor and proprietor. In politics they
are liberal, with democratic proclivities.

THE PRESS.

201

THE ADVANCE.

In the summer of 1877 the Industrial Publishing
Company was organized to start a weekly greenback
paper. Richard Harrison was the first president of
the company, with J. A. Harrison as secretary, and
Robert Schilling as editor and business manager.
The paper was called the Labor Advocate, but the
name was changed to Labor Advance, as another
paper called the Advocate was being published
in the city. The paper was issued successfully for
about a year, when the company transferred its inter-
est to the firm of Schilling and Pate, who made the
paper a daily. The name, however, being too long
for convenience, it was changed by dropping the
word "Labor," and calling the paper the Daily Ad-
vance. The first number of the daily was issued
August 18, 1878. The editorial stafE consists at pres-
ent of Robert Schilling, editor-in-chief; Egbert Haz-
ard, managing editor; W. H. Hudson, local editor; M.
Cashberg, telegraph and amusement editor; Wm. Pate,
Jr., attends to the business management. The Ad-
vance has, however, within a short time again been
made a weekly paper. It has a very large circulation,
extending into nearly every State of the Union, and
to more than four hundred post-ofSces in Ohio.

DBNNICE NOVOVEKU.

This is a Bohemian newspaper whose title signifies
" Morning Star of a New Era." It is said to be the
only Bohemian paper in the State, and dates its ex-
istence from October, 1877, when it was issued by
Vaclav Snajdr and Frank Korizek. In March, 1878,
Mr. Korizek retired, and since that time Mr. Snajdr
has been the sole editor and publisher. The paper is
issued every Wednesday, is printed entirely in the
Bohemian language, and contains forty-eight columns
of matter.

THE CLEVELAND LAW REPORTEK.

This journal, a weekly, devoted to the interests of
the legal profession, was established in 1878, its first
number appearing on the 1st of January. It was
originally a four-page paper, but with the thirteenth
issue was enlarged to eig:ht pages. It contains decis-
ions of the United States Supreme Court, United
States Circuit Court, syllabi of decisions of the Ohio
Supreme Court, Courts of last resort in other States,
Courts of Common Pleas, and District Courts of
Northern Ohio; also a record of all suits commenced,
motions and demurrers filed and decided, judgments
of Cuyahoga county Common Pleas, all property
transfers, mechanic's liens, and assignments. The

subscription price of the Reporter is two dollars per
annum. J. G-. Pomerene, an attorney and stenogra-
pher of the courts, is editor and publisher.

THE HARDWARE REPORTER

represents the hardware, metal, implement, stove,
glass and paint trades, and is published weekly by the
National Iron and Steel Publishing Company, Cleve-
land, Pittsburg and Chicago. The Reporter was
started in Pittsburg in 1869, and in October, 1878,
its management, directed now as heretofore by Messrs.
F. Protzman and J. H. Ilillerman, was transferred to
Cleveland. Besides a weekly issue, the paper has also
a monthly number called the Export Edition, devoted
mainly to the export trade.

THE ONE CENT WEEKLY.

The One Cent Weekly is an exclusively literary jour-
nal. It was founded by Hartley & Hynes, the present
proprietors, in 1879, and the first number was issued
June 31st of that year. The original name was The
Penny Weekly, but a change to the present title was
almost immediately effected. It is published every
Saturday, contains forty columns of reading matter,
claims a circulation of ten thousand, and is probably
the only paper in the country that furnishes the same
amount of material for the price of one cent.

THE PENNY PRESS.

This smart evening journal, although but an infant,
has already pushed its way prominently forward into
wide circulation. E. W. Scripps and J. S. Sweeny
its present proprietors, were formerly attaches of the
Detroit Evening News. They started the Cleveland
Penny Press November 2, 1878, as a twenty column
paper, eighteen by twenty-four, and have apparently
made the enterprise a paying one. It is now a twenty-
four column journal, eighteen by twenty-eight, is a
strictly evening issue with four daily editions, is inde-
pendent in politics, tod claims an average city cii-cu-
lation of six thousand five hundred and a country
circulation of six thousand. E. W. Scripps is the
editor and J. T. Sweeny the business manager.

THE SENTINEL.

This is a weekly four-page journal, published on the
West Side by Welfare & Saumenig, and circulated
chiefly in the western and southern portions of the
city. Its first number was issued May 24, 1879, by
the present publishers whose efforts have thus far met
with a fair measure of success. The Sentinel is inde-
pendent in politics, and aims to make local news a
feature.

202

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

COLLEGES.

Origin of Baldwin University— Liberality of Mr. Baldwin— First Faculty
—First Buildings— The German Department— German Wallace College
The Relation of the two Institutions— The College of Pharmacy— Hulet
Hall— Ladies' Hall — The Preparatory Departmenl^The Collegiate
Department— Classical and Scientific Courses— Elective Studies— The
Successive Presidents— The Present Faculty —Foundation of German
Wallace College— The First Faculty— Changes of Officers— The Present
Faculty — The AiTangeraent with the University — Special Attention to
German Language and Literature— German Literary Societies— The
Buildings— The Founders of Cleveland Medical College— Its Organiza-
tion as a Department of Western Reserve College— Erection of Build-
ings—First Faculty— Number.of Graduates— Present Faculty— Homceo-
pathic Hospital College— Its Age— First Faculty— First Building— The
Riot — Removed to the Hights — Distinction and Prosperity — The Hos-
pital—The Faculty of 1879— Medical Department of University of
Wooster — Its Predecessor — The Faculty of 1870 — Number of Gradu-
ates—The Faculty of 1879.

BALDWIN UNIVEESITf .

This institution had its origin in Baldwin Institute,
which was established at Berea in 1844, and of which
an account is given in the history of the township of
Middleburg. The institute was transformed into a
university in 1856. The new, as well as the old,
institution was under the auspices of the Northern
Ohio conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
and like the old one, too, was due to the liberality of
Hon. John Baldwin, who, at the time last men-
tioned, made a large donation of land and money, in
addition to what he had previously given to the in-
stitute.

The first faculty of the university consisted of the
following members: Rev. John Wheeler, A.M., pres-
ident and professor of mental and moral science; Rev.
Jeremiah Tingley, A.M., vice-president and professor
of the natural sciences; Rev. William H. Barnes, A.B.,
professor of the Latin and Greek languages; Gaylord
H. Hartupee, professor of mathematics. Besides th£
gentlemen named. Miss Rosanna Baldwin was precep-
tress during the forepart of the year, and Miss Emily
A. Covel during the latter part; Miss Eugenia A. Mor-
rison was teacher of music, and Miss Sarah A. Storer
of French, etc.

The buildings transferred to the college by the in-
stitute were the Old Hall, built in 1845, and the
South Hall, a three story edifice, finished in 1853.
There was a preparatory department, which continued
to attract the same class of students as had formerly
attended the institute, but the college course proper
had, for a time, comparatively few attendants, al-
though the number steadily increased. For many
years Mr. Baldwin regularly paid to the institution
the interest on ten thousand dollars, which was ap-
plied to its support.

In 1858 a German department was formed, under
the management of 0. Henning, Ph.D. After 1859,
for several years, it was taught by the Rev. Jacob
Rothweiler, and was remarkably successful, attract-
ing a large and increasing number of students. In
1863 the German Wallace college was founded, of
which a sketch is given further on. In organization
the two institutions are entirely separate, but they
yet su.stain very intimate relations with each other.

Baldwin University instructs the students of both in
Latin, mathematics and the natural sciences. Ger-
man Wallace College performs a similar service for
both sets of students in Greek; French and music.
Members of each institution are admitted free to the
recitations iti the other; these recitations being in
English at the university, and in German at the col-
lege. It will be seen at once that this system fur-
nishes an admirable inethod of giving the attendants
of both establishments a thorough and scholarly
knowledge of both the great languages mentioned,
and the fact has been widely recognized, as is shown
by the large number of youth who have sought tlie
advantages named.

In 1865 a college of pharmacy was established it
connection with the university, but the number of
those who desired to become practical druggists was
not sufficient to justify the movement, and it has
been abandoned.

In 1868 another large hall was completed, called
Hulet, in honor of Fletcher Huiet, Esq., a large ben-
eficiary of the university. It is of stone, ninety feet
by fifty-six, and two stories high, and contains a large
chapel and five fine recitation rooms. In 1872 the
old hall, built in 1845, was removed. A very fine
large hall, of stone, to be known as Ladies' Hall, is
now in course of construction, which when completed
will be one of the finest structures of the kind in the
State.

The preparatory department contains three classes,
the junior, middle and senior; in which students are
thoroughly instructed in the higher English branches
and in the elements of the classics — are, in fact, in
common parlance, prepared for college. There is also
a scientific preparatory course of one year, in whioh
the higher mathematics are substituted for Greek.

The collegiate department comprises the ordinary
four classes, freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior,
but there are two courses, classical and scientific,
running through them all. The former is the usual
college course; in the latter Latin is made a subordi-
nate study and Greek is entirely ignored in favor of
German, or French, and the most abstruse branches
of mathematics and natural science. All the depart-
ments and courses are open to both sexes.

Not only are the two courses elective, but in the
junior and senior years of each there are five or six
studies prescribed, from which the student may elect
three, proficiency in which insures a diploma.
Whether this "go-as-you-please" way is conducive to
sound and thorough culture is a question to be de-
cided by time.

The Rev. John Wheeler, A.M., was president of
the university from 1855 to 1872; W. D. Godmau, A.
M., from 1872 to 1875, and Aaron Schuyler, LL.D.,
from 1875 to the present time. William 0. Peirce,
S.T.D., was vice president from 1860 to 1872; being
also, at that time as well as now, professor of the nat-
ural sciences. The following is a list of the faculty for
barrassment. Its supporters have labored on, how-

^.^^ ry^^^^5^^^^^^^==^

COLLEGES.

203

theyear ending in Jane, 1879; some of them, howeyer,
performing their labors in German Wallace College,
according to the arrangement before mentioned:
Aaron Schuyler, LL.D., president, and professor of
philosophy and applied mathematics; William C.
Peirce, S.T.D., professor {Emeritus) of nitural sci-
ence, and lecturer on the evidences of Christianity;
Ellen H. Warner, A.M., preceptress, and professor of
pure mathematics; Clara E. Schuyler, A.M., profes-
sor of rhetoric and English literature; Carl Riemen-
schneider, Ph.D., professor of the Greek language
and literature; Archie M. Mattison, professor of the
Latin language and literature; Victor Wilker, A.M.,
professor of German and French; James A. Dodge,
Ph.D., professor of natural science; William K.
Grannis, professor of instrumental and tocal music,
and principal of the commercial department; Mattie
L. Bigelow, instructor in painting and drawing.

GERMAN WALLACE COLLEGE.

This literary and classical institution, located in
the village of Berea, was founded in 1863, and was
incorporated and opened in 1864. The board of
trustees consists of thirteen members, four of whom
are residents of the county. The first faculty was
composed of the following persons: Eev. Wm. Nast,
D.D., president; Eev. J. Eothweiler, vice president;
P. W. Mosblech, Ph.D.; Albert N"ast; Mary Hasen-
pflug. During the first collegiate year (1864-65)
there were forty students in attendance; which num-
ber has of late increased to one hundred and twenty,
one-sixth of whom are ladies.

In 1867 Eev. J. Eothweiler, the first vice president
and resident manager, was succeeded in office by Eev.
F. Schuler, who held the position until 1873, when
he was followed by the present incumbent, Eev. P. P.
Schneider. Since 1874 there has been no change in
the faculty, which is constituted as follows: Rev.
William Nast, D.D., president; Eev. P. F. Schneider,
vice president and resident manager; Carl Eicmen-
schneider, Ph.D., professor of ancient languages; C.
F. Paulus, D.D., professor of Biblical literature; Vic-
tor Wilker, A.M., professor of modern languages;
Julius 0. Berr, professor of music.

The admirable arrangement, by which the students
of this college and of Baldwin university are per-
mitted to avail themselves of the privileges of both
institutions, has been set forth in the sketch of the
latter.

Besides the branches ordinarily studied in colleges,
the German language and literature are thoroughly
taught here through the entire course, and as the in-
structors are native Germans, the facilities for acquir-
ing a complete mastery of the German language arc
not surpassed anywhere in the United States. Many
teachers of German in the public schools and in col-
leges have prepared themselves for their vocation in
this institution.

There are three German literary societies connected
with the college; the Germania, the Schiller and the

Bettina Verein, the latter being for ladies. The libra-
ries are small, but contain some valuable Gorman
works. In the museum there is an excellent collec-
tion of minerals and fossils, part of which were pre-
sented by the eminent paleontologist, Herman Herzer.
The following are the buildings belonging to the
institution: Wallace Hall, presented by James Wal-
lace, Esq., a brick edifice, containing the recitation
rooms, the society rooms and the museum. The New
Chapel, a beautiful new structure just finished, built
of sandstone. It contains the church proper, in
which services in German are held on Sunday, the
chapel and the music rooms. Baldwin Hall, also of
sandstone and presented by John Baldwin, Esq. It
is occupied by male students, who have organized a
boarding club there. The Ladies' Hall, a smaller
brick edifice, in which most of the lady students re-
side. Besides these the college owns three dwelling
houses occupied by members of the faculty.

CLEVELAND MEDICAL COLLEGE.

In the fall of 1843, Doctors John Delamater, Jared
P. Kirtland, Starling, John L. Oassells and Noah
Worcester, then members of the faculty of the medi-
cal college at Willoughby, (now in Lake county,)
discussed the advisability of changing the location of
that institution. Dr. Starling favored a removal to
Columbus, while the others preferred Cleveland. As
Dr. Starling owned a controlling interest, he carried
the day and subsequently founded the Starling Medi-
cal College at Columbus. Doctors Delamater, Kirt-
land, Cassells and Worcester joined in establishing a
medical college at Cleveland, and, being in too much
haste to await the legal process of incorporation, ap-
plied to the Western Reserve College, located at
Hudson, for organization under the charter of the
latter, as its medical department. This privilege
was accordingly gi-anted, and the Cleveland Medical
College has therefore been to this day the medical
department of the Western Reserve College.

The college building was erected on the corner of
Erie and St. Clair streets, Cleveland, -mainly with
funds obtained through individual subscriptions in
Cleveland; the deficit being made up by members of
the faculty. By the conditions upon which the aid
was supplied, the property now used for college pur-
poses must always be devoted to similar uses and no
other.

The members of the first faculty, (in 1843,) were
Doctors John Delamater, Jared P. Kirtland, Horace
H. Ackley, John L. Cassells, Noah Worcester, Sam-
uel St. John and Jacob J. Delamater. Of these, the
last one named was the only one living on the 1st of
August, 1879, at which time he was attached to the
United States Medical Bureau at Washington.

Since the organization of the college in 1843, the
graduates have numbered thirteen hundred and forty-
four. The highest number graduated in any one
year was in 1849, when seventy-eight students received
degrees; the lowest number was in 1865, when the total

204

GENEEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

was only fifteen. The class of 1878-79 numbered sev-
en ty-thi-ee, of wliom twenty-five were graduated.

The college faculty, in 1879, is composed of Doc-
tors H. K. Gushing, Proctor Thayer, John Bennitt,
Jacob Laisy, John E. Darby, E. W. Morley, Isaac N.
Himes, X. C. Scott, B. W. Holliday, Lewis BufEctt,
H. H. Powell, John E. Isom andV. W. Holliday.
The dean of the faculty is Dr. John Bennitt.

HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL COLLGB.

This institution ranks in age next to the Cleveland
Medical College, having been organized in 1849, and
according to its last annual announcement it is, with
one exception, the oldest Homoeopathic medical
school in the world. At the first session of the college,
in 1849-50 the Faculty was comjoosed of the follow-
ing: Chas. D. Williams (dean,) Storm Eosa, A. H.
Bissell, Lewis Dodge, H. L. Smith, E. C. Witherell,
John Brainard and L. K. Eosa. The Trustees were
John Wlieeler, Joel Tiffany, Dudley Baldwin, A. H.
Brainard, Edward Wade, Thos. Brown, E. E. Paine,
Amos Hutchinson, Geo. King, Benjamin Bissell,
Samuel Eaymond, Eichard Hilliard, L. M. Hubby,
Thos. Miller, A. 0. Blair.

The first college building was located at the corner of
Prospect and Ontario streets, and there, in February,
1852, a very serious riot took place on account of
the allegations of persons who declared that a deceased
member of their family had been stolen from the grave
and conveyed to the college for dissection. They
awakened much sympathy among the Irish — to which
nationality they belonged — and the excitement reached
such a pitch that one day a mob of full two thousand
persons attacked and completely ruined the furniture,
the library, and the inside of the college building.

After that event the institution was removed to
"the Hights," and occupied the property previously
known as the Humiston Institute, which the Faculty
had puchased. There the college remained until
1873, when it was transferred to its present location,
at ISTo. 99 Prospect street; the edifice which it occu-
pies having been originally used as a church.

This college has enjoyed much distinction since its
foundation, and with the exception before mentioned
has been blessed with unvarying prosperity; having ujJ
to the close of the session of 1878-79, graduated ten
hundred and fifty students. The Homoeopathic hos-
pital, is under the exclusive control of the professors,
and is open to the college students as a field for prac-
tical observation and experience. The matriculants
of the session of 1878-79 numbered one liundred and
eight; the juniors, nine, and the graduates, twenty-five.

The faculty of 1879 is named herewith: Drs. N.
Schneider (dean,) John C. Saunders, H. H. Baxter,
S. A. Boynton, G. F. Jones, W. A. Phillips, J. Pet-
tet, J. Edwards Smith, H. F. Biggar, B. F. Gamber.
The trustees are, Hon. George Willey, N. Schneider,
W. H. Burridge, E. L. Willard, C. 0. Baldwin, Hon.
G. M. Barber, A. K. Spencer, W. H. Price, Hon. J.
M. Cofittnberry, B. A. Hinsdale.

MEDICAL DEPAETMENT UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTBE.

In 1870 the University of Wooster, having no
medical department, resolved to create one, and, in
pursuance of that project, arranged to continue the
Charity Hospital Medical College of Cleveland as
such department. The Charity Hospital Medical
College (connected, as its name implies, with the
Charity hospital, adjoining which its college build-
ing was located) was organized in 1864, and opened
its first session on the 26th of October of that year.

The faculty chosen in 1870 consisted of Dr. G. C.
E. Weber, dean, and Drs. W. J. Scott, L. Firestone,
W. H. Jones, James Dascomb, Colin Mackenzie, A.
Metz, H. J. Herrick, C. W. Noble, J. F. Armstrong,
A. 0. Miller, F. J. Weed, D. B. Smith, and T. 0.
Miller.

The institution has enjoyed marked prosperity and
has received wide and deserved recognition. Since
1864, when the Charity Hospital College was founded,
five hundred doctors of medicine have been graduated
from the College, or "department," and they have
taken quite as high rank in their profession as the
alumni of any other medical school in the State.

The collegiate year extends from the 1st of April
to the 4th of March ensuing, and embraces a spring
and a winter term. The plan of instruction includes
lectures, clinics, recitations, quizzes and practical
demonstrations, while, during the winter term, five
to six practical lectures, illustrated with models, etc.,
are given daily. The faculty for 1879 comprises Dr.
G. 0. E. Weber, dean, and Drs. L. Firestone, W.
J. Scott, H. J. Herrick, Jamin Strong, C. W. Noble,
A. C. Miller, Joel Pomerene, D. B. Smith, H. W.
Kitchen, T. C. Miller, J. H. Lowman, John Bolton
and Wm. T. Corlette.

CHAPTEE XXXIX.

VAEIOUS SOCIETIES, ETC.

Cuyahoga County Medical Society— Its Two Predecessors— Its Objects
— Meetings— Present Officers— Academy of Medicine and Surgery-
Its Origin — First Officers of the Cuyahoga County Medical Associa-
tion-Change of Name— Objects — Present Officers— Cleveland Asylum
for the Insane — Cause of its Construction — Passage of the Act — Va-
rious Additions— Destruction by Fire— The Asylum Eebuilt— Its Legal
Capacity- Changes of Name— List of Superintendents— Present Of-
ficers—Northern Ohio Fair Association— Its Original Corporators-
Amount of Stock— List of Directors— List of Officers— Its Fairs— Ap-
plication of Profits— Amount of Expenditures— The Cleveland Club—
Cuyahoga County Agricultural Society— Time of Organization— Suc-
cessive Removals— Powerful Rivalry— Brighter Prospects— Present
Officers- Western Reserve Historical Society— Organization and
First Officers- Its Purposes— Loeatiou— Some of Its Treasures— Ac-
knowledgments.

CUYAHOGA COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.

This organization was formed in 1873, by the
amalgamation of the two societies known as the Cleve-
land Academy of Medicine and the Pathological
Society; its object being, like those of its predecessors,
to increase the professional knowlege of the members,
to bring them into more intimate social relations with

SOCIETIES.

305

each other, and to promote the improvement of the
medical art. Its members number at present about
fifty; their meetings being held semi-monthly at the
rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association.
The officers on the 1st of August, 1879, were as fol-
lows: Dr. P. H. Sawyer, president; Drs. C. C. Arms
and J. H. Lowman, vice presidents; Dr. "W. 0. Jenks,
secretary; Dr. J. C. Preston, treasurer; Drs. W. J.
Scott, F. 0. Dutton and G. C. Ashman, censors.

ACADEMY OF MEDICINE AKD SURGERY.

This society was organized in 1865, by members of
the Homoeopathic school, as the Cnyahoga County
Medical Association, with a membership of thirty-
eight; the following being the first officers: Dr. John
Wheeler, president; Dr. A. 0. Blair, vice president;
Dr. G. W. Barnes, secretary; Dr. L. W. Sapp, treas-
urer. In 1873 the name was changed to the Academy
of Medicine and Surgery, which is still retained. Its
object is to advance the interests of medical science,
and to promote the mutual improvement of its mem-
bers. Meetings are held, as circumstances require in
the Homoepathic Medical College and in the offices
of the members of the society. The membership in
August, 1879, was fifty; the officers being Dr. G. J.
Jones, president; Dr. F. H. Barr, secretary and treas-
urer.

CLEVELAND ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.

Although called the "Cleveland Asylum," this is a
State institutions. We find that the origin of this asy-
lum and that of the one at Dayton are substantially
the same; the necessity that gave rise to the one
compelled the erection of the other. In 1851 the
asylum at Columbus was the only one in the State.
It was then known as the "Ohio Lunatic Asylum,"
its name having since been changed several times, on
the occasion of political changes in the State govern-
ment. Its capacity was three hundred patients, or
one to every six thousand six hundred and six per-
sons in the State; in 1878 it was one to every seven
hundred and sixty-one. There are now in the asy-
lums of Ohio about three thousand five hundred
patients.

The principal arguments which induced the Ingis-
lature to erect two new asylums for the insane were
made by Dr. S. M. Smith, of Columbus. He esti-
mated the Ohio insane in 1851 as two thousand, of
which only three hundred were provided for. As
a result of the recomendations of Dr. Smith and
others, made at the sessions of 1851 and '53, the
legislature passed an act on the 30th of April, in the
latter year, providing for the erection of two addi-
tional lunatic asylums. An appropriation of one
hundred and forty thousand dollars was made for the
purpose, and Prof. H. A. Ackley and Messrs. E. B.
Fee, D. B. Woods, Charles Cist and Edwin Smith
wei-e appointed the first board of trustees.

At a meeting of the board held on the 9th of July,
1853, the Northern Asylum, by a vote of four to one.

was located at Newburg (now Cleveland). Land
was received from Dwight Jarvis for the purpose.
The original contract for building the Newburg asy-
lum was awarded to John Gill, of Cleveland, the
price being sixty-nine thousand eight hundred dol-
lars. On the 33d of June, 1854, Dr. L. Firestone
was appointed superintendent of the asylum, which
position he retained until 1856. Dr. C. M. Godfrey
was appointed a member of the board controlling
both asylums. The Newburg institution was opened
for patients on the 5th of March, 1855.

In 1860 and '61- the building was enlarged by the
erection of wings on the east and west sides, increas-
ing the capacity to three hundred and seventy-five
persons; and in 1870 sufficient additions were made
so that the asylum would accommodate five hundred
and twenty-five patients.

On Wednesday, September 35, 1873, a fire occui-red
by which the greater part of the building was de-
stroyed. By this disaster all written records, statis-
tics, books of account and other valuable papers of
the institution were destroyed. The patients, five
hundred and twenty-five in number, were removed to
the asylums aiid benevolent institutions of the State,
and maintained there until the erection of the new
asylum. By an act of the legislature passed March
18, 1873, the board of trustees was directed to build
a new structure at a cost not exceeding five hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, to be capable of accom-
modating six hundred and fifty patients. By recent
legislation the trustees are directed to admit but one
patient for each five hundred square feet (surface
measure) of the building. By this law the number
of patients is limited to six hundred. It is now filled
to its utmost legal limit.

The institution was originally designated as the
"Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum," by which name
it was known until a change in the politics of the
State in 1874. The name was then changed to
"Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane," and again,
'in 1876, to "Cleveland Hospital for the Insane." In
1878 the name was again changed to " Cleveland Asy-
lum for the Insane," by which appellation the insti-
tution is now known.

The several superintendents, with their terms of
service, have been as follows: Dr. L. Firestone,
1854-5; Dr. E. C. Hopkins, 1856-7; Dr. Jacob Daisy,
1857-8-9; Dr. 0. H. Hendrick, 1859-60-1-3-3-4;
Dr. Byron Stanton, 1864-5-6-7-8-9; Dr. J. M.
Lewis, 1870-1-3-3-4; Dr. Lewis Slusser, 1875-6; Dr.
Jamin Strong, 1877-8-9.

The following are the present officers of the asylum:
General James Barnett, Hon. A. McGregor, Dr. D.
L. Wadsworth, John F. Perry, Esq., and A. P.
Winslow; Esq., trustees; Jamin Strong, M.D., super-
intendent; John S. Marshall, M.D., first assistant
physician; James D. Maxwell, M.D., second assistant
physician; Jacob D. Sherrick, M.D., third assistant
physician; Charles W. Diehl, steward; Nettie L.
Strong, matron.

306

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

NORTHERN OHIO FAIR ASSOCIATION.

The Northern Ohio Pair Association, though com-
posed entirely of Cleveland men, was organized and
is maintained for the purpose of encouraging the
agricultural and manufacturing interests of the coun-
try at large, and more particularly those of the
northern section of this State. The society was in-
corporated on the 36th of February, 1870, by the
following gentlemen, all prominently identified with
the business of Cleveland : Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H.
Wade, J. P. Robison, W. S. Streator, S. D. Harris,
A. Everett, Amos Townsend, William Bingham, D.
A. Dangler, 0. A. Cliilds, L. L. Hickox, 0. H.
Payne, A. Pope, W. A. Fisher, William Collins, and
Henry Nottingham.

The capital stock of the Association was fixed at
one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, all of which
was immediately subscribed and paid in. The man-
agement of the enterprise was committed to the hands
of twenty-three directors, one-third of whom are
elected annually to hold office for the term of three
years.

The following is a list of the gentlemen who have
served as directors of the Association for varying
periods since its organization, in the order of their
election, those marked thus f being now members
of the board: Amasa Stone, Jr., Stillman Witt,
John P. Eobisonf, John P. Ross, William Edwardsf,
Worthy S. Streatorf , John S. Casement, George W.
Howef, Henry F. Clark, Daniel P. Rhodes, Abel W.
Fairbanks!, Edwin Cowlesf, John E. Buchtel, Hen-
ry B. Paynef,, George Westlake, James Barnettf,
Albert Allen f, David A. Dangler, Charles B. Petten-
gill, George H. Burtf, Henry Nottingham, Hiram
C. Brockway, Lester L. Hickox, John Todf, Oscar
A. Childs, William W. Armstrongf , Oliver H. Payne,
Pendleton G. Watmough, William J. McKinnief,
Silas Merchant, Samuel Briggsf, Sylvester T. Ev-
erettf, George A. Bakerf, William J. Gordonf, Ste-
phen V. Harknessf, George W. Shortf , William H.
McCurdyf, Jeptha H. Wadef, Geo. E. Armstrong.

The officers since organization have been as follows:
Presidents— Amasa Stone, Jr., 1870; W. S. Streator,
1871; J. P. Robison, 1873 to 1879. First Vice Presi-
dents—J. P. Robison, 1870 and '71; D. A. Dangler,
1873; Geo. H. Best, 1873 to '79. Second Vice Presi-
dents—W. S. Streator, 1870; D. A. Dangler, 1871;
S. Witt, 1873 and '73; Geo. A. Baker, 1874 to '79.'
Trocisurer— S. T. Everett, 1870 to '79. Correspond-
ing Secretaries— S. D. Harris, 1870; Geo. W. Howe,
1871-'73; Samuel Briggs, 1873 to '79. Recording
Secretaries— Geo. W. Howe, 1870 to '73; W. J. McKin-
nie, 1873; Samuel Briggs, 1874 to '79.

Nine f^irs have been held by the Society, commenc-
ing in 1870, and including that of 1879. There was
no-exhibition held in 1877, as the " Centennial Expo-
sition" at Philadelphia in 187G was believed to have
exhausted the people's desire for large exhibitions for
at least one year. The dates of the several fairs have

been as follows: October 3 to 7, 1870; September 13
to 16, 1871; September 10 to 14, 1873; September 39
to October 3, 1873; September 14 to 18, 1874; Sep-
tember 13 to 17, 1875; September 11 to 15, 1876;
September 9 to 13, 1878; September 1 to 5, 1879.

The exhibitions of the Association were very suc-
cessful for the first four years, both as to the interest
manifested and the financial results; the entire profits
being applied to the improvement of the grounds and
buildings, which now represent an aggregate cost,
(including the capital stock,) of over two hundred
thousand dollars.

There has never been a fair held on the grounds of
the society which was not seriously interfered with
by stormy weather; but, notwithstanding this draw-
back to financial success, the Association haspromptly
met all its obligations, thereby adding materially to
: Cleveland's reputation for enterprise.

From its organization to and including 1878, the
following have been the chief items and amounts
of moneys disbursed: For advertising and printing,
$35,789; for general expenses, salaries and mainte-
nance of grounds, $116,331; for premiums, $101,556 —
making a grand total of two hundred and forty-three
thousand, five hundred and seventy-five dollars,

THE CLEVELAND CLUB.

This an organization composed of a portion of the
directory of the Northern Ohio Fair Association and
was formed, in 1871, for the purpose of holding trot-
ting and racing meetings annually at the Fair
Grounds. These meetings have been uniformly suc-
cessful, and are yearly increasing in interest. The
club attained very high rank under the management
of Mr. John Tod, its first presiding ofiBcer, and has
lost none of its prestige under that of his successors.
The following gentlemen are the present officers:
William Edwards, president; George H. Burt, vice-
president; S. T. Everett, treasurer; Samuel Briggs,
secretary.

CUYAHOGA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

This association was organized and held its first
fair in the year 1849. Unfortunately, the books re-
lating to the earlier period of its existence have not
been preserved, and we are unable to give the names
of its first officers or the details concerning its career.
For many years its fairs were held on Kinsman street
(now Woodland avenue), Cleveland. The place of
holding them was then removed to Newburg.

After the organization of the Northern Ohio Fair
Association in 1870, the exhibitions of that institu-
tion with its superior amount of capital, absorbed
the interest of the people of Cleveland and vicinity to
so great an extent that those of the county society
seriously declined. Under these circumstances the
latter removed its headquarters, in 1873, to Chagrin
Falls, where its fairs have sinee been held. Even
there it has suffered from the rivalry of its powerful
neighbor, and has labored u'nder serious financial em-

THE NATIONAL GUARD, ETC.

sot

ever, and feel confident that they have now passed
the worst point, and that entire success will speedily
crown their efforts. The present oificers are William
Stoneman, president; J. W. Collins, first vice-presi-
dent; Edward Murfet, second vice-president; E. W.
Force, secretary and treasurer. The premiums offered
amount to about two thousand dollars.

WBSTBBK RESERVE AND NOTRTHERN OHIO HISTOR-
ICAL SOCIETY.

The association was organized at Cleveland on the
38th day of May, 1867. Its first officers were as fol-
lows: Col. Charles Whittlesey, president; M. B.
Scott, vice-president; J. C. Buell, secretary; A. K.
Spencer, treasurer; J. C. Buell and H. A. Smith,
curators for one year; C. C. Baldwin and M. B.
Scott, for two years; Joseph Perkins and Charles
Whittlesey, for three years. Mr. Buell declined the
secretaryship, and C. C. Baldwin was elected in his
place. Col. Whittlesey has been annually re-elected
president until the present time.

The purposes of the society were declared to be " to
discover, procure and preserve whatever relates to the
history, biography, genealogy, antiquities and statis-
tics of the Western Eeserve, the State of Ohio and
the Nortliwest." This design has thus far, under the
faithful management of the officers of the society,
been most zealously and successfully carried out.

Under an arrangement with the Cleveland " Society
for Savings," and the Cleveland Library Association,
the Historical Society has the perpetual use of the
third story of the stone building erected by the Society
for Savings, situated on the north side of Monumental
Square, Cleveland. This large and lofty hall is already
crowded with historical material relating to Ohio and
the Northwest, and with interesting relics pertaining
to this and other regions. Here may be seen, besides
a historical library of some three thousand bound vol-
umes, complete files of several of the principal news-
papers of Cleveland, and a large number of bound
volumes of other newspapers; curiosities from all
parts of the globe, including a remarkable . collection
of Oriental articles, presented by Col. W. P. Fogg;
numerous relics of the Mound-builders and Indians;
mementoes of the late civil war and other national
conflicts; some large, expensive and interesting books,
such as Lord Kingsborough's Antiquities of Mexico,
Professor Hayden's Portraits of Indian Chiefs, etc. ;
a very large collection of the coins of all countries,
and a host of other articles, which lack of space for-
bids our mentioning here.

There is also a collection of several hundred maps,
and those of early date, relating to the West, are of
especial interest. Among the numerous manuscripts,
too, belonging to the society, are a large number re-
lating to the early history of this region, and the
writer takes pleasure in repeating the acknowledge-
ment, made in the introduction to this work, of the
liberality and cordiality with which these and other
possessions of the institution have been opened to his
examination during the prosecution of his labors.

CHAPTER XL.

THE NATIONAL OTTABD, ETC.

Fifteenth Regiment— Its Organization— First Officers— Services— Present
Officers— Cleveland Light Artillery — Its Original Formation— The Reg-
iment of 1860 — Reorganization after the War— A Mysterious Fight —
The New Light Artillery— Its Present Situation— The Cleveland Grays
—The Original Company— The Officers of 1837— Officers of 1&38— Its
high Reputation— Lapsed after 1845 -Again A«tive — Reorganized since
the War — Present Condition — Cleveland Gatling-Gun Battery — Its
Formation — Armory — Power of the Gatlings— First Cleveland Troop —
First Officers— Their New Armory— Conclusion.

FIFTEEKTH REGIMENT (O. N. G. )

Early in 1877 Colonel A. T. Brinsmade, of Cleve-
land, an aid on Governor Hayes' staff, received a let-
ter from Adjutant General Charles W. Carr, in which
he incidentally remarked: "I think you ought to
have a regiment in Cleveland." Pleased with the
suggestion. Colonel Brinsmade set about carrying it
into effect, and to two unattached companies of the
National Guard — the Brooklyn Blues, of Brooklyn,
and the Bmmett Guards, of Cleveland — already in
existence, were promptly added the Veteran Guards,
Forest City Guards, Townsend Guards, and Buckeye
Guards, all of Cleveland, and the complement of six
companies being thus filled they wore organized in
June, 1877, as the Fifteenth regiment of infantry of
the Ohio National Guard, with the following field
and staff officers:

Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay,
lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; John
F. Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. W. Stannard, M.D.,
assistant surgeon; George B. Huston, adjutant;
George D. Scott, quartermaster; Rev. James A.
Bolles, chaplain.

Shortly after the organization of the regiment, the
maximum number of ten companies was reached by
the accession of the Hart Guards of Blyria, Chagrin
Palls Guards of Chagrin Falls, Washington Guards of
Cleveland, and Berea Light Guards of Berea. In
July, 1877, the regiment was ordered to Newark, Ohio,
to take part in suppressing the disturbances created
by actors in the great railway strike of that year, but,
as the men were unsupplied with arms, the order
was countermanded. On the 3nd of August follow-
ing, the mayor of Cleveland called on the Fifteenth
to assist in preserving the peace in Cleveland when
the railway-strike troubles threatened to take a serious
turn in the city. The command secured rifles enough
to arm five companies, and assembled on Michigan
street between seven and ten o'clock on the morning
of August 3d, prepared for action, but happily the
clouds of unrest blew over, and the soldiers were dis.
missed.

Since the regimental organization, each company has
occupied quarters of its own, but the city of Cleveland
is now building, on Champlain street, a fine brick
armory for the use of the National Guard, to cost
twenty-eight thousand dollars, and according to indi-
cations it will be occupied by the Fifteenth regiment
late in the fall of 1879. The regiment included on the
1st of August, 1879, ten companies, six of which were

208

GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOaA COUNTY.

from Cleveland, with six hundred and twenty-eight
men, rank and file, and a fine band of nineteen pieces.
The officers at that time were as given here:

Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay,
lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; George
D. Huston, adjutant; R. F. Thompson, quarter-
master; John F. Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. F. Wal-
ters, M.D., assistant surgeon; Rev. James A. Bolles,
chaplain.

Company A (Bmmctt Guards) — William Kelly,
captain; C. D. Nolan, first lieutenant; John W. Breen,
second lieutenant.

Company- B (Brooklyn Blues)— T. K. Dissette,
captain; William C. Towns, first lieutenant; Benjamin
F. Storer, second lieutenant.

Company C (Veteran Guards)— Daniel Fovargue,
captain; Robert S. Avery, first lieutenant; William
Richardson, second lieutenant.

Company D (Forest City Guards)— George A.
Pisk, captain; H. W. Fisher, first lieutenant; Alex-
ander n. Van Pelt, second lieutenant.

Company E (Townsend Guards)— John W. Fran-
cisco, captain; Thomas I. Morrow, first lieutenant;
George Eastbrook, second lieutenant.

Company F (Buckeye Guards)— John D. Castle,
captain; John Hudson, first lieutenant; J. A. Tinker,
second lieutenant.

Company G (Hart Guards of Elyria)— George D.
Williams, captain; P. N. Smith, first lieutenant; S.
T. Sawyer, second lieutenant.

Company H (Chagrin Palls Guards)— E. W. Force,
captain; L. 0. Harris, first lieutenant; A. A. Shef-
field, second lieutenant.

Company I (Washington Guards)— George C.
Dodge, Jr., captain; George Davis, first lieutenant;
Frederick Lehman, second lieutenant.

Company K (Berea Light Guards)— E. J. Kennedy,
captain; WiUiam H. Broa, first lieutenant.

The regiment had its first annual six days' encamp-
ment at Rocky River in July, 1878, and its second one
beginning August 19, 1879.

CLEVELAND LIGHT ARTILLERY (O. N. G.)

This company is a revival of the old Cleveland Lio-ht
Artillery of thirty-three years ago, and contains
among its members men who were members of the
original organization. The latter came into existence
in January, 1846, when what had been previously
known as the gun-squad of the Cleveland Grays or-
ganized, with sixteen members, as the Cleveland Light
Artillery. D. L. Wood was elected captain; W. A.
Lawrence, lieutenant; John Walworth, clerk; and
W. L. Standart, commissary. There were at first
but two guns in the battery, but these were in a short
time increased to four, while the number of men
was raised to forty.

In 1860 the organization was, under the State law,
divided into four companies with one gun each, and
then, with one eomj^any each from Brooklyn and Ge-
neva, composed Avhat was known as the First regiment

of Light artillery, under Col. Jas. Barnett. The ser-
vice of this force in the beginning of the war for the
Union is noticed in the chapter devoted to the First
Volunteer Light Artillery.

After the war closed, members of the old artillery
organization made several unsuccessful efforts to re-
store the organization, but it was not until 1872 that
the object was effected. In May of that year, Capt.
Louis Smithnight, an old member of the artillery,
and a volunteer soldier, received from the Alleghany
arsenal a six pound brass cannon, marked "Capt.
Louis Smithnight, Cleveland Light Artillery," but
who the donor was, he did not know. This circum-
stance led him to attempt a revival of the "Artillery,"
and at the first meeting held at his residence, the pro-
ject was accomplished, and forty members signed the
roll. Besides the gun above referred to, the battery
was supplied with an iron six-pounder, captured by
Col. Barnett's three months regiment above men-
tioned, at the battle of Carrick's Pord, West Virginia,
July 13, 1861. Later, that gun was set, as a war
relic, upon Monumental Park, Cleveland, where it
may still be seen.

Up to May 20, 1873, the artillery was an independ-
ent organization, but on that date it was enrolled in
the State militia, and forms now a portion of the Ohio
State National Guard.

In the Adjutant General's report of 1877 he re-
marks: "In all that constitutes a first class organi-
zation, the Cleveland Light Artillery is a model."

The company now includes seventy-three men, rank
and file, and has a battery of four brass six-pounders,
while its equipment is so complete that it could take
the field at once, if called upon— all the property save
the guns belonging to the company. The armory is
now on Frankfort street, but the location will be
changed to the new city armory on its completion in
the fall of 1879. The officers of the Artillery are
Louis Smithnight, captain; F. H. Flick andW. H.
Reynolds, lieutenants; N. P. Sackrider, surgeon. The
officers in 1872 were the same, with the exception that
P. H. Flick who was then second lieutenant has suc-
ceeded Nicholas Schrob as first lieutenant, and W.
Reynolds followed Flick as second lieutenant.

CLEVELAND GKATS.

The military company known as the Cleveland
Grays is considered as practically the same organiza-
tion that was called into existence under the same
name July 12, 1838. There have been one or two
periods, of a few years each, during which the Grays
failed to assemble as a company, but the command
was never formally disbanded and in each case was
ere long revived. This company was first organized
August 28, 1837, as the Cleveland City Guards, being
the pioneer military company of Cleveland.

Timothy Ingraham was chosen captain; A. S. San-
ford, first lieutenant; and Benjamin Harrington, sec-
ond lieutenant; with George W. Lewis, E. Sanford,
J. Gillett and T. P. Spencer as sergeants, and W. B_

THE NATIONAL GUAED, ETC.

209

Dockstader, R. W. McNeil, R. Sheldon, and W. H.
Snow as corporals.

On the 7th of June, 1838, it was resolved to change
the name of the company to the Cleveland Grays,
and under the new organization the first election was
held July 12, 1838, when the officers chosen were:
Timothy Ingraham, captain; A. S. Sanford, David
Russell and Jonathan Gillett, lieutenants; E. Sanford,
Bushnell White, W. B. Dockstader and D. W. Cross,
sergeants; W. K. Adams, S. A. Fairchild, B. R
Hastings, Theo. Umbstaeter, Andrew Lyttle, Jas. A.
Craw, and Y. H. Russell, corporals.

The company made its first parade (in new uniforms)
November 29, 1838, and then numbered twenty-eight
rank and file. The " Grays " was a famous company
and included as members many of the foremost men
in the town; men, too, who are to-day among the
leading representative citizens of Cleveland. In the
exercise of arms it was a claimant for the highest
honors, and on more than one occasion established by
public test its superiority over all other companies in
the State, in drill and discipline.

Shortly after 1845 the Grays lapsed into a state of
inactivity, and for some time there was no tangible
evidence of the existence of the organization, but a
revival set in in 1852 and the "Grays" flourished
vigorously until after the company's service in the
war, when its identity was lost until the close of the
rebellion. It was then reorganized and since that
time has been uninterruptedly in active existence.

The command now numbers sixty-eight, rank and
file, is armed with Springfield muzzle-loading rifles,
and is, as it has always been, an independent military
organization. It occupies an armory on Frankfort
street with the Light Artillery, but upon the comple-
tion of the new city armory, will be assigned quar-
ters in that building. The officers of the Grays are
J. N. Erazee, captain; J. H. Miller and W. C. Mor-
row, lieutenants; Rev. C. S. P.omeroy, chaplain; Geo.
S. Tibbitts, judge advocate; H. W. Kitchen, surgeon.

CLEVELAND OATLING-GUN BATTERY.

Late in 1877 General Barnett, Major Goodspeed
and other of Cleveland's citizens agitated the subject
of forming a battery in pursuance of the purpose of
the city in purchasing two Gatling-guns, and, as the
result of several preliminary meetings, the Cleveland
Gatling-Gun Battery was organized June 26, 1878,
by Messrs. W. F. Goodspeed, Prank Wilson, Thomas
Goodwillie, Wm. H. Harvey, L. 0. Hanna, John A.
Norton, John R. Ranney, Chas. A. Uhl, J. F. Evans,
R. W. Hickox and J. A. Kirkwood. In the pre-
amble to the constitution they set forth the follow-
ing:

"The citizens of Cleveland having provided Gat-
ling guns, with the object of perfecting a battery in
the use of the same, we, the subscribers, having
accepted the gift, and believing that proficiency in
the use of this arm is best attained by associating
ourselves together as an independent military organi-

zation, do hereby adopt for our government the fol-
lowing constitution and by.-laws."

An old church building, at the corner of Prospect
and Perry streets, was secured as an armory, and
under the experienced direction of Captain Good-
speed, the company entered at once upon a rigid sys-
tem of drill, which, having since been pursued with
unflagging energy, has brought the command to a
gratifying standard of proficiency. The old armory
is still used, but is likely to be replaced ere long by
a fine armory building, the erection of which is now
contemplated by the battery.

The members of this organization, numbering at
present twenty-eight, are men prominent in Cleve-
land's business and social circles, whose aim in one
respect is to maintain the membership of the bat-
tery in an elevated social position. The command
is perfectly equipped, is a thoroughly independent
organization, and owns everything connected with
the battery. The guns, as has been noted, wei-e
donated by the city of Cleveland. They are of forty-
five inch calibre, and are capable of firing one thou-
sand shots per minute.

The officers (the same now as at the company's
organization) are W. F. Goodspeed, captain; Frank
Wilson, lieutenaut; Thomas Goodwillie, orderly ser-
geant; J. Ford Evans, quartermaster-sergeant.

EIRST CLEVELAND TROOP.

Early in the autumn of 1877, a number of Cleve-
land'^ representative men discussed the advisability
of adding another to the city's military organizations,
and a call being issued for a meeting of business men
interested in the project, a liberal gathering of promi-
nent citizens in Weisgerber's Hall, September 10,
, 1877, was the result. Col. W. H. Harris was the
chairman, and Dr. Frank Wells, the secretary, and
after a decision by the assemblage that a cavalry com-
pany should be organized — on account of there being
no such command in the city — an adjournment was
voted until October 10th following. On this occasion
the organization was perfected by the election of W.
H. Harris as captain, E. S. Meyer as first lieutenant;
G. A. Garrettson as second lieutenant, Charles D.
Gaylord as first sergeant, and Frank Wells as surgeon.
The name of First Cleveland Troop was adopted,
and the roll was signed by forty members who, in the
preamble to the Constitution, declared that their ob-
ject in effecting the organisiation was " to perfect
themselves in horsemanship, in the use of arms and
in military exercise."

Temporary quarters were occupied in Weisgerber's
Hall until the winter of 1878, when the Troop took
possession of a fine brick armory which was built by
the company with its own resources, and Completed
in December, 1878. This structure, located on Euclid
avenue between Sterling and Case avenues, measures
one hundred and fifty feet by fifty, and is substan-
tially built and perfectly appointed. The organization
now includes sixty active and twenty honorary mem-

210

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

bers, with constantly increasing numbers, and is
officered as follows: W. JE. Harris, captain; G. A.
Garrettson, first lieutenant; Charles D. Gaylord,
second lieutenant; Rev. 0. T. Collins, chaplain; N.
S. Schneider, surgeon, — the commissioned oflEicers
being West Point graduates. Weekly drills are held
the year round — dismounted drills only, with carbines
and sabers during the winter season.

The Troop stands high as a body representing cul-
ture and intelligence, and includes in its ranks some
of the best known merchants, bankers and' professional
men in Cleveland. It is an absolutely independent
command, and is the only independent cavalry or'
ganization in Ohio. Einancially it rests upon a
firm foundation, owning the armory, and everything
pertaining to the company's ;equipment. The arms
are the regulation United States cavalry sabre and
Shai-p's improved carbine, riiodel of 1878. Were sud'
den occasion to arise, the Troop is in such condition
that it could take the field, at an hour's notice.

CHAPTER XLI.

CENSUS HOTES.
Table o£ 1870, 1860 and 1850— Table o£ 1840— Totals in Seven Decades-
Other Memoranda— Agricultural Statistics.

Bedford

Bedford village* . .

Brecksville

Brooklyn

Brooklyn village. .
Chagrin Falls

Chagrin Falls village

Cleveland

Dover

J£ast Cleveland

Euclid

Independence

Mayneld

Middleburg

Berea village

Newburg

Ohnstead

Olmstead village.

Orange

Parma

Rockport

Royalton

Solon

Strongsville

Warrensville

1870.

1,007

3,ria

648
1,331
1,016
92,839
1,445
5,050
8,188
1,761

892
3,662
1,628
6,227
1,570

3&3

812
1,432
2,001
1 I —

1,429

-<3.

i;381

596

■§67

2,260

526

1,108

864

54,014

1.016

3,684

1,585

1,160

788

3,30;

1,101

3,694

1,196

265

632

953

1,409

830

769

697

407 1,776
232 825
140 1,001

1,452
122

3,703
644

213 1,319

152 1,015

38:815 91,535

429' J, 443

■603
601
104

1,360
527

2,533
374
118
180
479
592
259
130
199
160

1,'

2,188

1,73B

6,231

1,566
380
812

1,432

1,'

1,1

12
3
6

10
4
2
1
1.294

■ 2

I860.

1,946

857

1,024

5,349

1,471

42,618
1,273
.3,001
1,766
1,649
1,0T9
2,573

2,809
1,412

1,094
1,480
1,793
1,297
1,009
958
1,553

1850.

1,116
•6,361

8 1,245

799 16,810

2;340
1,447
1,467
1,117
19 1,428

224

1.542'.
1,216:.

1,<

l,<

1.'

1,253

1,034

1,194

1,410

*The population of each village is also included
township.

in its preceding

1840.

■White.

Colored.

Total.

Cleveland City

6,011

956

1,775

1,570

1,244

774

861

1,342

1,113

1,078

659

399

754

1,408

1,134

1,051

963

966

1,193

1,151

6,071
966
1,775
1,577
1,244

Cleveland Township

Euclid

Ohio City

Bedford

Solon

Mayfield

851

Newburg

1,342

1,113

1,082

659

Orange

Warrensville

Olmstead

Middleburg

399

Independence

754

Brooklyn

1,409
1,124
1 051

Brecksville

Eoyalton

Parma

963

Dover

Eockport

1,2.35

1,151

Strongsville [[

Aggregate

36,506

The census by townships prior to 1840 cannot be obtained.

181U.

18«0.

1830.

1840.

185 0.

I860.

1S70.

Whites

1,445
14

6,374
54

10,297
76

26,385
121,

47,740
359

77,139
894

130,564

1,445

Total

1,459

6,328

10,373

26,506

48,099

78,033

132,009

Of the 133,010 population in 1870, 66,725 were
male and 65,285 female.

Of the 92,829 in Cleveland, in 1870, the school
attendance was 15,854, of which 13,698 were of native
birth and 2,156 foreign; 7,793 were males, 8,061 fe-
males. Unable to read, over ten years of age, 2,913;
unable to write, over ten years of age, 4,420; of these
539 were of native and 3,881 of foreign birth.

Assessed valuation of real and personal property,
$53,489,729. True valuation of real and personal
property, $106,575,000.

Total, county indebtedness, $75,000. Total mu-
nicipal indebtedness^. $2,101,255.

1870.

Improved Land 197,730 acre?.

■Value o£ Farms ja0,270,197

■Value of all Live Stock . . 1 1 $1,596,653

Number of Horses 6,902

" Mules and Asses 84

" Milch Gows 15,641

" Working Oxen 92

Sheep 25,875

" Swine 7,624

Number of bush. Spring ■Wheat 39,667

" " WinterWheat 47.831

" Ey^... 19,707

■' " .'iQdianCorn 350,708

" '■ Oats 419,176

' ," " Barley.:. 6,831

" -, " Potatoes '■m,7ii

Number of lbs.' Wool 105175

" V Butter.'. 786,430

" Cheese l,«)4,in

Number of Manufacturing Establishments 1,149

Emptying 10,063 hands, and representing a capital of $13,645,918.

CHAPTER XLII.

CUYAHOGA COUIfTT CIVIL LIST.

Governors— Lieutenant Governors — Judges of Supreme Court— Clerks
of Supreme Court— Members of Board of Public Works— State Ofl-
cers— Residents after Election— United States Senator— Eepresenta-
tives in Congress — Judges of Common Pleas— Judges of Probate
Court— Clerk of Common Pleas— Clerks of County Commissioners-
Auditors— Sheriffs — Treasurers- Eeoorders — Surveyors— State Sena
tors— Eepresentatives in the State Assembly — Members of Constitu
tional Conventions.

GOVERNORS.

Samuel Huntington, resided in Cleveland from 1803
to 1806; removed to Newburg in 1806, and from
there to Painesville in 1807; served as governor one
term, 1808-10.

Reuben Wood, of Cleveland, the last governor un-
der the first constitution and the first under the
second one; served a term, 1850-52, was re-elected,
and in 1853 resigned to accept a foreign mission.

John Brough, of Cleveland, inducted January,
1864; died in office August 29, 1865.

LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS.

1872-73— Jacob Mueller, Cleveland. 1878-79— Ja-
bez W. Fitch, Cleveland.

■^^^^-l^-ry '"-y'^>'-^^^i^^^d-^^^-i^o

CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST.

311

JUDGES OE THE SUPREME COURT.

Samuel Huntington; elected by the legislature and
commissio)a,ed \)j Governor Tiffin April 2, 1803. Re-
signed December 5, 1808.

Reuben Wood; elected by the legislature in 1833.
Resigned in 1845.

Rufus P. Ranney; elected by the legislature (the
last under the old constitution) March 17, 1851, vice
Edward Avery, resigned. In October, of the same
year, was re-elected by the people. Resigned in 1856.
The next year removed from Warren to Cleveland.
In 1862 was again elected to the bench and resigned
in 1864.

CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT.

Arnold Green, Cleveland; 1875-78. Richard J.
Fanning, Cleveland, present incumbent.

MEMBER OF BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.

Peter Thatcher, Cleveland; 1876-79.

STATE OFFICERS — Not residents at election, hut suise-
quently residents of the county.

Alphonso Hart, Cleveland; Lieutenant Governor,
1874-76.

W. W. Armstrong, Cleveland; Secretary of State,
1863-65.

Anson Smythe, Cleveland; School Commissioner,
1857-63.

UNITED STATES SENATOR.

In 1809 Senator Edward Tiffin resigned, and Gov-
ernor Huntington appointed Stanley Griswold, of
Cleveland, for the unexpired term, which included
but a part of one session.

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

1837-41, John W. Allen. 1841-43, Sherlock J.
Andrews. 1853-61, Edward Wade. 1861-63, Albert
G. Riddle. 1863-69, Rufus P. Spaulding. 1873-75,
Rich'd C. Parsons. 1875-77, Henry B. Payne. 1877-
79, Amos Townsend. All residents of Cleveland at
time of their election.

Judges of United States District Court.— TfiifA
date of appointment.

Hiram V. Willson, February 20, 1855.

UNITED STATES MARSHALS.

Jabez W. Fitch, appointed March 30, 1855; Mat-
thew Johnson,f ; Noyes B. Prentiss, February,

1873 (present incumbent.)

CLERK OF UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT.

Earl Bill, March 33, 1867, present incumbent.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.

R. F. Payne, Moses Kelley, f. J. Dipkpian, George
WiUey.

United States Commissioners.— Fi% date of ap-
pointment.

Joseph Adams, March 30, 1855; John C. Grannis,
March 30, 1855, to May 13, 1859; Henry H. Dodge,
May 33, 1857, to May 15, 1863; James D. Cleveland,
December 16, 1857, to May 15, 1863; Samuel D.
Starkweather, Jr., July 14, 1858, to May 15, 1863;
Bushnell White, May 13, 1859, to May 15, 1863;
Chester Hayden, February 13, 1859; J. D. Cleveland,
May 15, 1863; Bushnell White, May 15, 1863; P. W.
Green, July 29, 1863; H. S. Sherman, April 3, 1867,
J. F. Herriok, June 13, 1867; Earl Bill, June 31,
1867; Charles H. Robinson, October 7, 1867, to May
14, 1877; F. M. Keith, Jr., July 37, 1869; Charles
L. Weeks, September 10, 1869, to May 14, 1877;
Charles H. Bill, January 11, 1871; N. P. Goodhue,
April 10, 1874; Clifton B. Beach, April 10, 1874; L.
M. Schwan, April 15, 1874; T. E. Burton, August
31, 1875; Adolphus Alexander, July 15, 1876; George
Wyman, May 11, 1877; Charles W. Guernsey, May
11, 1877; Charles Balfour, November 12, 1877; Julius
G. Pomerene, November 28, 1877; A. J. Ricks, March
22, 1878; E. W. Page, March 33, 1878.

judges of the court of common pleas — Appointed
for Seven Years ly the Governor, with date of Ap-
pointment :

Benjamin Ruggles, of St. Clairsville, (Belmont Co.),
June 6, 1810; Nathan Perry, Cleveland, June 6, 1810;
Augustus Gilbert, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Timothy
Doane, Euclid (now East Cleveland), June 6, 1810;
Erastus Miles, Newburg, March 3, 1814; Elias Lee,
Euclid, March 3, 1814; George Tod, Youngstown,
(Mahoning Co.), November 3, 1815; John H. Strong,
Cleveland, May 38, 1817; Thomas Card, Willoughby,
(now Lake Co.), February 8, 1819; Samuel William-
son, Cleveland, February 5, 1831 ; George Tod,
Youngstown, reappointed February 24, 1823; Isaac
M. Morgan, Brecksville, February 36, 1834; Nemiah
Allen, Willoughby, February 8, 1835; Samuel Wil-
liamson, Cleveland, reappointed February 5, 1838.;
Reuben Wood, Cleveland, March 29, 1830; Watrous
Usher, Olmstead, February 26, 1831; Simeon Fuller,
Willoughby, April 9, 1833; Matthew Birchard, War-
ren, (Trumbull Co.), April 32, 1833; Eben Hosmer,
Newburgh, October 6, 1834; Josiah Barber, Brook-
lyn, March 17, 1835; Van R. Humphrey, Hudson,
(Summit Co.), March 3, 1837; Samuel Cowles, Cleve-
land, September 18, 1837; Daniel Warren, Warrens-
'ville, February 8, 1838; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleve-
land, February 37, 1838; John W. Willey, Cleveland,
February 18, 1840; Reuben Hitchcock, Painesville,
(Lake Co.), July 14, 1841; Benjamin Bissell, Paines-
ville, January 23, 1842; Asher M. Coe, Dover, Feb-
ruary 9, 1842; Joseph Hay ward, Cleveland, February
9, 1842; Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland, February 34,
1845; Philemon Bliss, Elyria, (Lorain Co.), February
34, 1849; Quintus F. Atkins, Cleveland, March 6,
i 1849; Bepjamin.Northrup, Strongsville, March 6,

312

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1849; Samuel Starkweathei', Cleveland, January 16,
1851.

Elected by the People for Five Years, with Year of
Election:

Horace Poote, Cleveland, 1853; Thomas Bolton,
Cleveland, 1856; Jesse P. Bishop, Cleveland, 1856;
Horace Foote, re-elected 1858; Tliomas Bolton, re-
elected 1861; James M. CofSnberry, Cleveland, 1861;
Horace Poote, re-elected 1863; Samuel B. Prentiss,
Cleveland, 1866; Horace Poote, re-elected 1868; Rob-
ert P. Paine, Cleveland, 1869; Samuel B. Prentiss,
re-elected 1871; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, 1873; G.
M. Barber, Cleveland, 1875; J. M. Jones, Cleveland,
1875; B. T. Hamilton, Cleveland, 1875; J. H. Mc-
Math, Cleveland, 1875; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected
1876; Darias Cadwell, Cleveland, re-elected 1878.

Judges of the Probate Govrt:.— Elected hj the
peo-plefof three years, with year of their election.

Flavel W. Bingham, Cleveland, 1851; Daniel E.
Tildeu, Cleveland, 1854; continuously re-elected to
the present time.

Prosecuting KTiT0B.s-&YS,.—Ap2Minted by the Court
of Cuinvwn Fleas, with date of appointment.

Peter Hitchcock, Burton, (Geauga County) June
6, 1810; Alfred Kelley, Cleveland, November 7, 1810;
Leonard Case, Cleveland, June 1, 1825; Sherlock J.
Andrews, Cleveland, May 15, 1830; Varnum J. Card,
Cleveland, November 5, 1832.

Elected by the people for tioo years, tvith year of elec-
tion.

Varnum J. Card, 1838, and again in 1835; Simeon
Ford, Cleveland, 1837; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland,
1839; F. T. Backus, Cleveland, 1841, and again in
1843; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1845; Stephen I.
Noble, Cleveland, 1847; Joseph Adams, Cleveland,
1849; Samuel Adams, Cleveland, 1851; Samuel Wil-
liamson, Cleveland, 1853; A. G. Riddle, Cleveland,
1855; Loren Prentiss, Cleveland, 1857; A. T. Slade,
Newburg, 1859; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1861;
Charles W. Palmer, Cleveland, 1863; M. S. Castle,'
Cleveland, 1865; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1867; e!
P. Slade, Cleveland, 1869; Homer B. De Wolf, Cleve-
land, 1871; William Eobison, Cleveland, 1873; Sam-
uel M. Eddy, Cleveland, 1875; John C. Hutchins,
Cleveland, 1877.

Clerks of Court of Common- FhBAS.—Apjjointed
by the Court.

John Walworth, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Horace
Perry, Cleveland, November 14, 1813; re-appointed
for seven years March 3, 1814, again November 10,
1820, and a third time October 16, 1827; Harvey
Rice, Cleveland, October 17, 1834; Aaron Clark,
Cleveland, October 19, 1841; Frederick Whittlesey,
Cleveland, November 11, 1841; Aaron Clark, Novem-

ber 11, 1848; Robert F. Paine, Cleveland, October
27, 1849.

Elected by the people for three years, with year of
election.

James D. Cleveland, Cleveland, 1851; John Barr,
Cleveland, 1854; Roland D. Noble, Cleveland, 1857;
Frederick J. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1860, and re-elected
in 1863; Frederick S. Smith, Cleveland, 1866, and
again in 1869; Benjamin S. Cogswell, Cleveland,
1873; Wilbur P. Hinman, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected
in 1878.

County Commissioners — Elected by the people for
three years.

Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Nathaniel Doane,
Cleveland, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 18] 1-
Philo Taylor, Dover, 1813; Samuel S. Baldwin, New-
burg, 1813; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1814; Jared
Pritchard, Cleveland, 1815; Theodore Miles, New-
burg, 1815; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1818-
Thomas Card, Willoughby (now Lake Co.), 1818-
Datus Kelley, Rockport, 1819; John Shaw, Euclid,
1819; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville,.1821; Lemuel
Hoadley, Cleveland, 1822; Simon Fuller, Willoughby,
1823; David Long, Cleveland, appointed to fill a
vacancy in 1824, and afterward elected same year;
Noah Crocker, Dover, 1835; Johathan Fisher, Inde-
pence, 1835; Philo Scovill, Cleveland, 1837; Jona-
than Fisher, re-elected, 1828; Leverett Johnson,
Dover, 1839; Job Doan, Cleveland, 1830; John B.
Stewai-t, Eoyalton, 1831; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleve-
land, 1833; Seth S. Handerson, Newburg, 1833;
David Harvey, Strongsville, 1834; Jonathan Fisher,
Independence, 1835; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland,
1836; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1837; Diodate
Clark, Brooklyn, 1838; Moses Jewett, Newburg, 1839,
Vespasian Stearns, Olmsted, 1840; Diodate Clark, re-
elected, 1841; Noah Graves, Chagrin Falls, 1843,
Theodore Breck, Brecksville, 1843; Diodate Clark,
re-elected, 1844; Ezra Eddy, Mayfield, 1845; Alva H.
Brainard, Newburg, 1846; Diodate Clark, re-eleeted,
1847; Ezra Eddy, re-elected, 1848, Jason Bradley,
Dover, 1849; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1850; John
Welsh, East Cleveland, 1851; Jason Bradley, re-
elected, 1853; Melanchton Barnett, Cleveland, 1853;
Francis Branch, Brooklyn, 1854; William W. Rich-
ards, Solon, 1855; Azariah Everett, Cleveland, 1856;
Francis Branch, re-elected, 1857; William W. Rich-
ards, re-elected, 1858; Azariah Everett, re-elected,
1859; John Barnum, Rockport, 1860; David Hoege,
Mayfield, 1861; Randall Crawford, Cleveland, 1863;
John Barnum, re-elected, 1863; Charles Force, Cha-
grin Falls, 1864; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1865;
Marius Moore, Dover, 1866; David Hoege, Mayfield,
1867; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1868; John Geis-
sendorfer. Independence, 1869; David Hoege, re-
elected, 1870; Randrall Crawford, re-elected, 1871;
Charles Jackson, Orange, appointed to fill a vacancy,
1873; John Geissendorfer, re-elected, 1872; Charles

CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST.

213

Jackson, 1873; George A. Schlatterbeck, CleTeland,
1874; Philander B. Gardner, Berea, 1875; Charles
Jackson, re-elected, 1876; George A. Schlatterbeck,
re-elected, 1877; Josiah W. Hurst, Dover, 1878.

Olbeks of the Boakd OB County Commissionees.
— Appointed by the Board.

Jabez "Wright, CleTeland, 1810; Erastus Miles,
Newburg, 1811; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1813;
Samuel S. Baldv^in, Newburg, 1813; Nathaniel
Doane, 1814; Theodore Miles, Newburg, 1815, again
in 1816 and 1817; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1818;
I. B. Lee, Cleveland, 1818, and again in 1819 and
1830; John Shaw, Euclid, 1831; Leonard Case, Cleve-
land, 1831.

From this period the duties of the clerk devolved
upon the county auditor, ex-officio.

Aqditoks — Elected iy the people for two years, tvith
year of election.

Leonard Case, Cleveland, 1833; John W. Willey,
Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in 1836; Orville B. Skin-
ner, Cleveland, 1838; re-elected in 1830 and 1832;
Arvis S. Chapman, Cleveland, appointed to fill vac-
ancy, 1834; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1834; re-
elected in 1836, 1838 and 1840; James A. Briggs,
Cleveland, 1842; re-elected in 1844 -and 1846,' D. R.
Whipple, Cleveland, 1848; Albert Clark, Cleveland,
appointed for unexpired term 1848; re-elected in 1850;
Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1853; William Fuller,
Brooklyn, 1854; re-elected in 1856 and 1858; Henry
C. Hawkins, Cleveland, 1860; re-elected in 1863;
Ansel Roberts, Cleveland, 1864; re-elected in 1866;
WilhamS. Jones, Cleveland, 1868; re-elected in 1870
and 1873; L. D. Benedict, Cleveland, appointed to
fill vacancy 1874; elected also 1875; L. P. Bauder,
Cleveland, elected to a term of three years, 1877.

^s.F,Bism— Appointed iy the Court of Common
Pleas.

Smith S. Baldwin, Cleveland, 1810-13; Harvey
Murray, Cleveland, 1813, one month; Eben Hosmer,
Newburg, 1813-17; Enoch Murray, Cleveland, 1817-
19; Seth Doan, Cleveland, 1819-34; James S. Clark,
Euclid, 1834-30.

Elected by the people for two years with date of as-
suming office.

A. S. Barnum, Rockport, November 1, 1834; Seth
S. Henderson, Newburg, November 1, 1836; re-elected
1838; Madison Miller, Cleveland, November 1, 1840;
re-elected 1842; Huron Beebe, Cleveland, November 1,
1844; re-eleoted 1846; Elias S. Root, Cleveland, Nov-
ember 1, 1848; Alva H. Brainard, Bedford, November
1, 1850; Seth A. Abbey, Cleveland, November 4,
1853; Miller M. Spangler, November 6, 1854; re-
elected 1856; David L. Wightman, Warrensville,
January 3, 1859; James A. Craw, Cleveland, January
7, 1861; Edgar 9. Lewis, Cleveland, January 5, 1863;
Felix Nicola, Cleveland, January 2, 1865; re-elected

1866; John N. Frazee, Cleveland, January 4, 1869;
re-elected 1870; Pardon B. Smith, Cleveland, January
6, 1873; A. "P. Winslow, Cleveland, January 3, 1875;
John M. Wilcox, Cleveland, January 1, 1877; re-
elected to begin January 1st, 1879.

Teeasureks — Appointed by the County Commis-
sioners, with time of service.

Asa Dille, Cleveland; 1810-11. Erastus Miles,
Newburg; 1811-14. David Long, Cleveland, 1814-
16. Daniel Kelley, Cleveland, 1816-38.

Elected by the 2^eople for ttvo years, with year
of election.

Gaius Burk, Newburg, 1838; re-elected in 1830.
Edward Baldwin, Cleveland, 1833; re-elected in
1834, '36, '38, '40 and '43. De Witt Clinton Baldwin,
Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term, 1843; Me-
lancthon Barnett, Cleveland, 1844; re-elected in 1846
and '48. George C. Dodge, Cleveland, 1850; re-
elected in 1853 and '54. William Waterman, Cleve-
land, 1856; re-elected in 1858. Harvey Burke, New-
bvirg, 1860. A. M. Burke, Newburg, appointed to
fill vacancy, 1861. Henry S. Whittlesey, Cleveland,
1862; re elected in 1864. Joseph Turney, Newburg,
1866; re-elected in 1868. Frank Lynch, Cleveland,
1869 (year of election changed); re-elected in 1871.
P. \V. Pelton, Cleveland, 1873; re-elected in 1875.
Moses G. Watterson, Cleveland, 1877.

Recoeders — Appointed by the Court of Common
Pleas, with time of service.

John Walworth, Cleveland, 1810-13. Horace
Perry, Cleveland, 1813-34.

Elected by the people for three years, with year
of election.

Joseph B. Bartlett, Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in
1837. James B. Finney, Cleveland, 1840. William
Richards, Cleveland, 1843; i-e-elected in 1846.
Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1849. Lee Ford, Bed-
ford, 1853. John Packard, Cleveland, 1855; re-
elected 1858. James Brokenshire, Cleveland, 1861.
Benjamin Lamson, Bedford, 1864; re-elected 1867.
Edward H. Bohm, Cleveland, 1870; re-elected 1873;
Asa M. Vansickle, Independence, 1876.

SuETBYOES — Appointed by the Court 0/ Common
Pleas, with time of service.

Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1810-1833; Edwin
Foote, Brooklyn, 1823-1838; Aliaz Merchant, Cleve-
land, 1838-1833.

Elected by the people for three years, with year of
election.

Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland, 1833; William R. Coon,
Dover, 1836; William H. Knapp, Independence,
1839; re-elected in 1842; Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland,
1845; re-elected 1848; J. C. Saxton, East Cleveland,
1851; Aaron Merchant, Cleveland, 1854; re-elected

314

GENBEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

in 1857, 1860, 1863, and 1866; John M. Ackley,
Brooklyn, 1869; re-elected in 1873; C. H. Burgess,
Cleveland, 1875; re-elected 1878.

STATE SESTATORS.

1803, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1831-33,
Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1833-34, Jabez Wright,
Cleveland; 1835-39, Eeuben Wood, Cleveland; 1830-
33, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1833-34, Frederick
Whittlesey, Cleveland; 1835-36, John W. Allen,
Cleveland; 1837-88, Simeon Fuller, Willoughby
(then in Cuyahoga county); 1839-40, Eichard Lord,
Ohio City; ] 843-44, Moses Kelley, Cleveland; 1847-
48, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; 1849-50, Henry
B. Payne, Cleveland; 1853-53, Harvey Eice, Cleve-
land; 1854-55, John A. Foot, Cleveland; 1856-57,
Hiram Griswold, Cleveland; 1858-59, William Slade,
Jr., Cleveland; 1860-61, Theodore Breck, Breoks-
ville; 1863-63, John P. Eobison, Cleveland; 1864-67,
Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1868-69, David A.
Dangler, Cleveland; 1870-71, W. S. Streator, Cleve-
land; 1873-73, Benjamin E. Beavis, Cleveland; Al-
lan T. Brinsmade, Cleveland; 1874-75, Harvey W.
Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; William Bingham, Cleveland;
1876-77, Julius C. Schenck, Cleveland; Harvey W.
Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; 1878-79, Harvey W. Curtiss,
Chagrin Falls.

REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE ASSEMBLY.

1804, Amos SpafEord, Cleveland; 1806, James
Kingsbury, Cleveland; 1809, Amos Spafford, Cleve-
land; 1811, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1813,
Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg; 1813, John H. Strong.
Cleveland; 1814-16, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1817-
18, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1819, Alfred Kelley, Cleve-
land; 1830, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1831, Josiah Barber,
Brooklyn; 1833, Elias Lee, Euclid; 1833, William
Coleman, Euclid; 1834-36, Leonard Case, Cleveland;
1837, Josiah A. Harris, Cleveland; 1838-39, John
W. Willey, Cleveland; 1830, Harvey Eice, Cleveland;
1831-33, Job Doan, Cleveland; 1833, Timothy Doan,
Euclid; 1834^35, Nehemiah Allen, Willoughby (then
in Cuyahoga county); 1836, Philo Scovill, Cleveland;
1837, John A. Foot, Cleveland; Leverett Johnson, Do-
ver; 1838, Leverett Johnson, Dover; William B. Lloyd,
Cleveland; 1839, William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1840^
Leverett Johnson, Dover; J. H. Vincent, Chagrin
Falls; 1841-43, Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland; 1843,
Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland; David Harvey, Strongs-
ville; 1844, David Harvey, Strongsville; John M.
Woolsey, Cleveland; 1845, David Harvey, Strongs-
ville; 1846, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; Theodore
Breck, Brecksville; 1847, Theodore Brecksville; 1848,
Leverett Johnson, Dover; 1849, John Gill, Cleveland;
1850, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1853-53, Arthur
Hughes, Cleveland; George T. Barnum, Eockport;
1854-55, James Tousley, Eoyalton; Erasmus D. Bur-
ton, Euclid; 1856-57, Leverett Johnson, Dover; Isaac
Braytou, Newburg; Geo. Mygatt, Cleveland; 1858-59,
A. C. Gardner, Cleveland; John Watson, Cleveland;

Eichard C. Parsons, Cleveland; 1860-61, EichardC.
Parsons (speaker); 0. T. Blakeslee, Chagrin Falls;
1863-63, Franklin J. Dickmau, Cleveland; Charles H.
Babeock, Brooklyn; Seneca 0. Griswold, Cleveland.
1864-65, Charles H. Babeock, Brooklyn; Azariah Ev-
erett, Cleveland; Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland.
1866-67, Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland; David A.
Dangler, Cleveland; Morris E. Gallup, Cleveland.
1868-69, Moses E. Gallup, Cleveland; N". B. Sherwin,
Cleveland; Eobert B. Dennis, Cleveland. 1870-71,
Eobert B. Dennis, Cleveland; George A. Hubbard,
Cleveland; William N. Hudson, Cleveland; Harvey
W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls. 1873-73, Harvey W.
Curtiss, Chagrin Palls; Charles H. Babeock, Brooklyn;
William C. McFarland, Cleveland; George Noakes,
Cleveland; Henry M. Chapman,. Euclid, 1874-75,
Henry M. Chapman, Euclid; John M. Cooley, Dover.
Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn; John P. Holt, Cleveland;
Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland. 1876-77, Orlando
J. Hodge, Cleveland; John Fehrenbatch, Cleveland;
Theodore Breek, Brecksville; Harry Sorter, Mayfield;
Marshall L. Dempcey, Warrensville. 1878-79, Mar-
shall L. Dempcy, Warrensville; John 0. Covert,
Cleveland; George H. Foster, Cleveland; L. A.
Palmer, Eockport; Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn.

MEMBERS OE CONSTITUTIOKAL CONVENTIONS.

The first Constitutional Convention met November
1, 1803, at Chillicothe. The delegates from Trum-
bull county were David Abbott, of Willoughby, and
Samuel Huntington, of Cleveland.

The second Constitutional Convention met at Co-
lumbus, May 6, 1850. Sherlock J. Andrews repre-
sented Cuyahoga county.

The third Constitutional Convention convened at
Columbus, May 13, 1873; the following being the
delegates from Cuyahoga county: Sherlock J. An-
drews, Martin A. Foran, Seneca 0. Griswold, Jacob
Mueller, Amos Townsend.

OHAPTEE XLIII.

GEOIiOGY*

The Map— The Transition Period— Condition of Eastern Ohio then— The
Open Sea— Its Inhabitants— The Erie Shales— Cleveland Shales— Bed-
ford Shales— Berea Grit— Cuyahoga Shales— Carboniferous Conglom-
erate-Topography—Surface Deposits— Oil and Gas Wells— Pre-glflcial
Scenery.

A STUDY of the map accompanying this sketch,
which was prepared by Professor Newberry for the
Ohio geological reports, will make it easy to under-
stand the geological structure of the county, which
is simple and easily made out from the many contin-
uous exposures of the rock strata in the valleys of the
streams. All of the indurated rocks of the county
are now regarded as sub-carboniferous, and as depos-
ited in that transition period which preceded the
deposition of the coal measure rocks.

* By M. C. Read, A. M., Lecturer on Geology in Western EeRerve
College, Hudson, Ohio.

GEOLOGICAL MAP

Ri^eo

J. S. Newberry, M. D.

'M ED I

J3.

CONGLOMER/^TE.

Waverly.

10.

Erie Shale. '

GEOLOGY.

215

At the commencement of this period, the whole of
the eastern half of the State of Ohio constituted a
part of the open sea, with the shore line of the land
on the west extending from Erie county southward,
along a line passing a little to the east of Columbus,
thence into what is now the State of Kentucky, the
ocean extending around this headland into the State
of Indiana, occupying the greater part of Illinois, and
a broad expanse to the west.

This ancient sea was inhabited by a variety of fish,
among them the most remarkable ganoids known,
some of which are described by Professor Newberry
in the geological reports. It supported, also, a mass
of f ucoids and other sea- weeds, and in it was gradually
laid down that great mass of carbonaceous shale, the
outcrops of which may be seen along a line running
from Erie county southward through the State, via
Delaware county, and which, with a thickness of sev-
eral hundred feet, underlies the exposed rocks of this
county. It is regarded as the great source of supply
of the oil-wells of Pennsylvania and of the gas-wells
of Northern Ohio.

Over this, and in comparatively quiet waters, were
deposited the Erie shales, colored gi'een upon the
map, being the oldest rocks exposed in their natural
bed in the county. They are composed of soft, fria-
ble, bluish-green shales, with bands of impure lime-
stone, containing a profusion of fossils- They are in
this county about five hundred feet in thickness, di-
minishing to the west and steadily increasing in
thickness to the east, and are regarded as the equiva-
lent of the upper half of the Portage group of the
New York geologists. In Pennsylvania they contain
bands of coarse sandstone, constituting the lower
sand rocks of the oil regions. In this county fissures
in the shale are in places filled with dessicated petro-
leum, resembling albertite, and having essentially the
same chemical composition. Where exposed they
■disclose no valuable minerals in sufficient quantity to
be of any practical importance.

CLEVELAND SHALE.

After the deposition of the Erie shales the condi-
tions became such that a large growth of vegetation
was supported in and on the shores of the open water,
by the partial decomposition of which the sediment
was filled with carbonaceous matter, which, com-
pressed and consolidated, formed the Cleveland shale.
This is a bed of black, highly bituminous shale, con-
taining ten to fifteen per cent, of combustible matter,
and is the source of supply of most of the oil wells
and springs in northeastern Ohio. The shale is
tough, in thin layers, and when exposed to the air
becomes red from the slow consumption of the car-
bonaceous matter and the peroxidization of the iron.

The formation is in this county from twenty to
sixty feet thick, the lower half often taking on the
characteristics of the Erie shale below, showing that
the changed conditions at the time of its deposition
were not uniform over the county. Prof. Newberry

has obtained from this shale at Bedford quite a num-
ber of fish teeth, consisting of species of Polyrhizo-
dus, Gladodus and Orodus; all carbonaceous sharks.

The surfaces of the shale are also in this locality
sometimes covered with little comb-like fossils de-
scribed by Pander, the Eussian palaeontologist, under
the name of Conodonts and supposed by him to be
the teeth of small sharks. These I think will prove
to be dermal ossicles of cartilagenous fishes, and to be
most nearly allied to the shagreen that covers some
portions of the sturgeon. (Prof. N., Vol. I, Ohio Ge-
ology.) Other eminent palaeontologists regard them
as the teeth of Annelids. It has also yielded finely
preserved specimens of the palatal teeth of Ctenodus
Wagneri (Nbwb.), of one specimen of which he has
furnished me an excellent cast.

The analysis of this shale by Prof. Wormley gives
the following as its composition :

Water, 1.10; earthy matter, 87.10; volatile matter,
6.90; fixed carbon, 4.90: 100.00. Combustible mat-
ter, 11.80; gas per lb. 0.62 cu. ft.

Should the supply of petroleum from wells fail it
could be profitably obtained from this shale by distil-
lation.

BEDFORD SHALES.

After the deposition of the Cleveland shales the
conditions were again changed and the sediment con-
tained but little carbonaceous matter, the coloring
material of the rocks being the blue carbonate of iron.
The material deposited was a mixture of argillaceous
and siliceous mud, forming clay shales where the for-
mer predominated and sandstone where the latter pre-
dominated. The upper part of this deposit is in
places conspicuously red at the outcrops, the result
of peroxidization of the iron.

At the Newburg, Kingsbury and East Cleveland
quarries the deposit is a fine-grained, blue quarry-rock,
a serviceable stone for walls, window sills, etc., and
for sawing into flagging stone, but requires a careful
selection to exclude that containing iron sulphide,
which by oxydization will color and disintegrate the
stone. A single firm at East Cleveland furnishes
about fifty thousand square feet of flagging stone per
J ear from this rock^ and that from Newburg is ex-
tensively used both in and out of the county. The
lower portion carries large numbers of molluscous fos-
sils. In the first volume of the Ohio Eeports these
quarries were described as on the same horizon as the
" Buena- Vista" stone of the Sciota valley, which has
an excellent reputation and is quite similar to this
Cuyahoga stene; but Prof. Orton in a recent report
in Ohio statistics (1878) locates this " Buena-Vista "
immediately above the Berea. Additional work is
needed for positive identification.

BBEEA GKIT.

From the sediment deposited immediately above the
Bedford shale the argillaceous matter was washed out
and carried away by running water or shore waves,
leaving a nearly homogeneous mass of water-washed

316

GENERAL HISTORY OE CITYAHOGA COtTNTY.

sand, wliicli was subsequently consolidated into rock,
and constitutes the famous Berca stone, called some-
times the Amherst stone, the Independence stone,
the Ohio stone, etc., of Northern Oliio. It is a build-
ing stone of great excellence, the best in the State,
and equal to the best obtained anywhere. It is about
sixty feet thick, fine grained, compact, strong and
durable, generally quite homogeneous, and often -in
massive layers which split with great facility along
the lines of deposition, and can be quarried in large
or small blocks as the wants of tlie consumer require.
Generally the upper part is in thinner layers, and
suitable for flagging stone. The lower part is ordina-
rily massive, or in thick layers. It furnishes superior
material for grindstones, and is the basis of import-
ant industries in the country, the shipments from
Berea alone aggregating about ten thousand car-loads
a year.

The outcrop of this rock is in places covered by
the drift, but can be traced from Olmstead Palls
through Berea in Middleburgh township, Parma, Inde-
pendence and Brecksville on the west side of the Cuya-
hoga, through Newburg, East Cleveland and Euclid,
thence up the Chagrin river through Mayfield and
Orange township to Chagrin Falls, where it forms the
bed of the river, and down the river on the opposite
side to Gates Mills; where it trends eastwardly into
Geauga county. In all of these townships excellent
quarries could be opened, and the prospective value of
this rock within the limits of the county can hardly
be computed. In most of the townships quarries are
already opened, and thei-e is no city in the United
States which can be supplied with a first-class build-
ing stone in much larger quantities and at cheaper
rates than Cleveland.

The color of the stone differs at the various open-
ings on account of the difference in the anount of
iron contained in it, and of the different modes in
which this is distributed. At Berea some of it is
white, but the prevailing color is gray; at Independ-
ence and Chagrin Falls light buff or drab, and in
places it is filled with dark colored spots from the un-
equal distribution of the coloring matter. This is a
very general characteristic in the eastern counties of
the State.

Plants similar to those of the coal measures and
the remains of fishes are sparingly found in this bed.
At Chagrin Falls a number of specimens of a ganoid
fish — Palaconisciis Brainerdi — have been gathered,
also shark's teeth, Lingulae and the Ctenaecanthuf.

CUYAHOGA SHALES.

A somewhat sudden transition occurred after the
deposition of the materials of the Berea grit, and a
finely comminated argillaceous sediment was deposited
in quiet waters which swarmed with lingulae, disca-
enal and other molluscous animals. The lingulae and
discaenal are so abundant in the shales immediately
resting upon the Berea that they have become a reli-

able indication of its presence below when completely
covered by the overlying shales.

The accumulation of this sediment continued until
it attained a thickness of between one hundred and
fifty and two hundred feet, much of it argillaceous and
resulting in clay shales, some so siliceous as to produce
a fine grained sandstone in thin layers, and occasion-
ally containing such an abundance of the remains of
molluscous animals as to result in an impure lime-
stone.

It discloses in the county no valuable minerals,
but should be thoroughly explored for the outcrops
of a mass of evenly bedded, hard grained sandstone,
which splits with difficulty, resists abrasion, and is
quarried in Trumbull and Summit counties for a pav-
ing stone. For this use it is admirably adapted,
and in appearance, and under all tests with the ham-
mer, appears fully equal to the stone brought to
Cleveland for this use from the State of New York.
It is to be found in the upper half of the Cuyahoga
shales, and quarries in it would prove of great value
to the City of Cleveland. The Cuyahoga shale in the
neighboring counties contains a great variety of well
preserved fossils, most of which may probably be
found in it within this county.

These four beds, which have been described in an
ascending order, above the Erie shale and below the
conglomerate, constitute the Waverly group of the
first Oliio Geological survey, and are colored yellow
upon the mapi The subdivisions in it, which are so
plainly marked in the valley of the Cuyahoga, can
not be traced through the State, but the group, as a
whole, is well defined, and the term may well be re-
tained by all writers upon Ohio Geology.

CARBONn?EEOUS CONGLOMEEATB.

The material laid down upon the Cuyahoga shales
presents very much the appearance of the water-
washed and reasserted residuum of a glacial drift. It
is a coarse sandstone, containing many well rounded
water-washed quartz pebbles, and some large frag-
ments of various granitic and metamorphic rocks.
Whatever may be the mode by which the material
was brought to its present position, it was evidently
subjected to the action of shore waves, which carried
away all the finer material, and reasserted all the
sand and coarse gravel, but was not long enough con-
tinued to grind up and destroy all the vegetable re-
mains imbedded in it.

It contains, in places, a profusion of the remains of
calamites, the lepidoclendron, and other plants of the
coal measures, which are so well preserved as to show
that they were not carried far from their place of
growth. The quartz pebbles and coarse gravel m-
cluded in the deposit are most abundant near the
base, and in places constitute the great mass of the
rock. It projects into the country from the high-
lands of the south, on both sides of the river, being
the surface rock in a part of Brecksville, Royal ton

^y (^L -L Oi-'l^'i-^i-i^J

GEOLOGY.

217

and Strongsville townships, on the west side; and of
Solon, Orange and Warrensville, on the east. Its
surface is from four hundred and fifty to five hundred
feet above the lake, and is colored red upon the map.
Prom it could be obtained an unlimited supply of
' good stone for bridge and foundation uses, but the
superior quality and nearer proximity to Cleveland
of the Berea, makes the conglomerate of little im-
portance, except for local use.

At the time of the deposit of this, the most recent
of the indurated rocks of the county, the continent
supported no flowering plants; the vegetation of the
land and water was confined to sea-weeds, mosses and
ferns; no mammals, birds or reptiles had appeared
anywhere, the most highly organized animals being
ganoids, mud-fishes and sharks; the North American
continent extended from the polar regions into but a
small part of what now constitutes the United States;
The Alleghanies and the Rocky Mountains were not
lifted above the ocean, and during all subsequent
geological times until the glacial epoch is approached,
the history of Cuyahoga county must remain unwrit-
ten except as its condition may be inferred from re-
cords outside of the county.

During this long period sedimentary rocks, includ-
ing all those of the coal measures and the Permian of
Palaeozoic time as well as all these of those Mesozoic
and Cenozoic time, and aggregating in thickness not
far from twenty-five thousand feet, were deposited; the
most important mountain chains of the continent
were lifted from the ocean, and by slow accretions the
continent assumed its present form. The fauna and
flora also changed with the changed condition of the
continent, and evidence is not wanting that Cuyahoga
county for a long time enjoyed a tropical or sub-

tropical climate, and that its soil supported a luxuri-
ant vegetation of tropical plants and trees. Many of
these have left no representatives in this latitude, but
the gigantic Sequoia of California and our own magni-
ficent whitewood or tulip tree, Lierodendron tulipifera,
are survivors of genera which, in tertiary times,
were represented by very many species. The con-
tinent was also inhabited by many strange and for-
midable animals, wild horses, oxen, huge reptiles,
birds with reptile-like teeth, mastodons, elephants,
etc., the remains of the two latter showing that they
were inhabitants of this county; the presence of the
others only to be inferred from the fact that Cuyahoga
county remained a part of the elevated land of the
continent and open to their occupancy.

Of the closing years of this epoch, before the drift,
some records remain inscribed upon the rock strata
of the county in the form of deep channels of ero-
sion carried below the present line of drainage, and
showing that the land formerly stood at a much
higher elevation than now, and which will be herein-
after described.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The topography of the county has been determined
by three causes modified by the geological structure:

First. Pre-glacial surface erosion when the land was
elevated several hundred feet above the present level.

Second. The glacial action which scooped out the
basin of Lake Erie filled the pre-glacial channels of
erosion, removed the upper parts of the exposed
strata, and covered the whole surface with drift, the
debris 'of local and northern rocks.

Third. Post-glacial surface erosion, which has es-
tablished recent channels of drainage, and in places
assorted and redeposited the material of the drift.

Profile Section Across the Cuyahoqa Valley.

Conglolnerate.
Cuyahoga Shale.
Berea Grit.

4. Bedford Shale.

5. Cleveland Shale.

6. Erie Shale.

7, Old Flood Plain.

8. Erie Clay in Old Valley.

This former greater elevation is evidenced by the
channels of erosion or canyons cut through the rock
strata to a depth of some two hundred feet below the
present surface of the lake; the Cuyahoga occupying
one of these channels, and now flowing some two
hundred feet above the bed of the ancient river. That
this greater elevation and subsequent depression was
not local, but is due to some cause affecting the whole
northern hemisphere, is evidenced by the deeply buried
ancient river channels in all this territory, and by the
contour of all the lands in the northern hemisphere.

as contrasted with that of the southern. The denu-
dation of the shore by ocean waves spreads out the
debris, and gives a substantial level to the floor of the
ocean, and the elevations of the adjacent land will
leave its perimeter little indented with headlands and
bays. Long continued subaerial erosion of elevated
lands will cut out deep channels, and a subsequent
subsidence will convert these channels into bays, the
elevated parts into headlands and capes, giving such
an irregular contour and indented shore line as char-
acterizes all the lands of the northern hemispheres.

218

GENEEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

and is one of the many causes of their more rapid
advance in civilization, illustrating the fact that
geological changes in the remote past have located
our harbors, established modern centres of commerce,
and determined the relative civilization of different
sections.

As the result of these influences and the action of
the shore waves of the lake, which has formerly been
at a higher level, the surface of the county presents
a series of terraces rising from the lake until the old
lake ridges are past, rising thence southward with a
gradual slope, except in places where the harder rock
strata have produced benches or bluffs to the summit
of the subcarboniferous conglomerate.

The surface drainage is all into Lake Erie, and
mainly by the Cuyahoga, Rocky and Chagrin rivers
and their tributaries, the Cuyahoga within the
limits of this county occupying the channel of an
ancient pre-glacial canyon while most of its tributaries
have excavated their rock channels since the drift
period. The Rocky river has mainly a recent channel,
but runs near an ancient river bed, the month of
which may be observed a little west of the mouth of
the present stream. The channels of the Chagrin
river and its tributaries are mostly post-glacial. These
topographical peculiarities are the results of agencies
which have been in operation for a period long enough
before the glacial epoch for subaerial erosion to ex-
cavate channels in the rock strata to the depth of
some seven hundred and fifty feet, (or from the summit
of the highlands to the bottom of the ancient bed of
the Cuyahoga,) and long enough since the close of
that epoch for the excavation of the recent channels
of the Chagrin and Rocky rivers, and for that of
Tinker's creek at Bedford. This is but the brief
closing chapter of the geological history of the past.

SUEEACE DEPOSITS.

The character of the surface deposits has been
determined by part of the same causes which shaped
the topography of the county — the advance of the
great ice sheet from the north which scooped out the
basin of the lake, broke up, crushed and pulverized
the surface rocks, mingled with this debris a part of
the material scooped out of the lake basin, and that
brought from the highlands in Canada, filled up the
ancient channels, and covered the rock surface with
this mixed material. During some stage of this
epoch the finer material which would remain long in
suspension in the water eddied backward toward the
north either in open or ice covered water, and was
deposited in the finely laminated clays which are the
base of the surface deposits near the lake, and are
found in places along the channels of the rivers some-
times resting on the glaciated rock surface, and some-
times upon the unmodified drift.

In places along the valleys this drift-material has
been ground up and washed by the action of water,
the finer material carried away, and the residue left in
the form of stratified sand and gravel, containing

occasionally large boulders which have resisted all
the pulverizing agencies. Along the former mar-
gin of the lake the shore waves have washed out the
finer portions of this material, ground up the residue
and left it in a series of ridges marking successive ele-
vations of the waters of the lake. Four of these
ridges can be identified at elevations of about one hun-
dred, one hundred and thirty-five, one hundred and
seventy-five and two hundred feet respectively above
the present surface of the lake, resulting in a band of
light sandy soil, eminently fitted for gardening and
the raising of peaches and small fruits.

The drift-deposit, where it has not been modified in
one of these ways, consists of a bed of clay varying
greatly in its thickness, filled with the fragments of
the local rocks and of all the rocks outcropping to
the north to and including the granitic highlands of
Canada. These must have included the corniferous
limestone now constituting the surface rock about
Sandusky, and as a result this drift clay soil is tem-
pered and ameliorated by an important percentage of
lime. The upper part of this drift clay is yellow, but
where it is of very great thickness the lower part is
blue; the relation of each part being such as to indi-
cate that the color of the upper is the result of the
slow peroxidization of the blue oxide of iron in the
lower clay. This mingled material of the drift re-
sults in a tenacious clay soil admirably adapted for
grazing, but capable of producing large crops of all
our staple grains where carefully and properly culti
vated.

Resting upon this drift are many rounded and angu-
lar granitic boulders, some of large size, which are
ordinarily referred to the " Iceberg drift," these being
regarded as dropped from floating icebergs after the
mass of the drift was deposited. This may be sup-
posed to have occurred through the breaking up of
the retreating glaciers when it had become so thin as
to float upon the water, and thus have constituted
the final chapter in the history of the glacial period,
or to have been the result of a subsequent depression
of the surface and the floating southward of northern
icebergs. It is possible, also, that these surface
boulders may be the result of the surface erosion of
the original drift uncovering the boulders buried in it.
As tending to the latter conclusion may be noted the
abundance of these boulders in many places on the
northern side of the lake ridges where the shore
waves have removed a large part of the drift deposits.

OIL AND GAS WELLS.

Wells have been sunk in the county for petroleum
at Brighton, in the valley of the Cuyahoga and Rocky
rivers, and in Mayfield, Warrensville and Euclid. Oil,
appearing in the lower layers of the Bedford shales
and seeping out near the outcrops of the Cleveland
shale, has induced these explorations, and some show
of oil has been obtained in most of these wells. Deep
borings in Cleveland, one by the Gas Company and
one by the Standard Oil Company near the month of

GEOLOGY.

319

Kingsbury run, haye afforded some gas, while a copi-
ous flow has been obtained from a well bored by Cap-
tain Spaulding between Cleveland and Rocky River,
and a still more abundant supply from a well in the
valley of Rocky river.

It is doubtless true that the Cleveland and the Hu-
ron shales are the great sources of the supply of the
oil and gas obtained from wells in Pennsylvania and
Ohio. The Cleveland shale furnishes the valuable oil
obtained in the Mecca (Ohio) oil regions, which is
curved upward and saturates the Berea sandstone
which there lies near the surface and in places is
thoroughly protected by an impervious bed of drift
clay. In Cuyahoga county the ravines cutting
through this shale have for ages afforded means of
escape for all the gas and oil resulting from the slow
decomposition of the carbonaceous matter in the
shale, and the indications are not favorable for either
gas or oil from this source. If either is obtained in
the county, it must be that produced from the Huron
shale.

The conditions favorable for copious supplies of gas
or oil are a heavy bed of bituminous shale, deeply
buried below all lines of drainage, which has been
slightly disturbed and broken up so as to afford facil-
ities for the production and the escape of the liberated
hydro-carbons, a coarse sandstone above to retain the
products, and the whole covered with impervious clay
or clay shales preventing their escape. The undis-
turbed condition of the Huron shales and the want of
any important bands of sandstone in the Erie shale
above do not point to this county as a favorable site
for explorations for oil, but the abundance of gas
springs along the lake shore shows that gas is contin-
ually escaping and wells bored down to the Huron
shale demonstrate that in places an abundant and
long-continued flow of gas may be obtained. But no
surface indications will enable any one to predict the
result of experiments made in any locality, and while
some gas or oil will probably be liberated by any well
sunk down to the Huron shale, the question of the
amount of either obtained can only be determined by
experiment. Wherever machinery is used for other
purposes and affords a surplus power for drilling, a
well could be sunk down at little expense, with a rea-
sonable prospect of obtaining gas and the chance of
obtaining oil in paying quantities.

POST-GLACIAL HISTOEY.

After the drift period the surface was again gradu-
ally clothed with vegetation; new forms of animal
and vegetable life appeared; new channels of drainage
were established, the larger streams generally follow-
ing the old pre-glacial channels, as excavations in
them were more rapid than on rock surfaces; and
man soon appeared as the crowning product of Cre-
ative Power. Remains of his works have been found
in this country and Europe in the drift, by careful
observers, in such positions that they have inferred
his presence iefore the drift. But these remains have

been taken from the modified river drift, and it is be-
lieved there is no well authenticated find of this nature
which has been taken from the unmodified glacia-
debriSj and the records of his history must yet be re-
garded as bearing date subsequent to the glacial epoch.
His presence in Cuyahoga county during a long pe-
riod of pre-historic time is evidenced in many ways;
but this part of the history of the county belongs to the
archffiologist, and not to the geologist.

PRE-GLACIAL SCENERY.

Prof. Newberry, in his report upon this county,
says: "These bluffs (of the Berea) unquestionably,
were once the shore cliffs of the lake, and anterior to
that time the stratum of the Berea grit stretched
across the valley of the Cuyahoga, probably forming-
a shelf over which the river flowed in a cascade rival-
ing in hight, if not in volume of water, that of Niag-
ara.

It is not difficult, from a study of the character of
the rock strata, to reproduce the scenery which char-
acterized the Cuyahoga valley during the time of the
erosion of this ancient canyon. It is only where
there is an alternation of hard and soft rocks in beds
approaching the horizontal position, that canyon-
making proceeds with any great rapidity, and in such
cases the work is carried on by an undermining pro-
cess which causes the rock beds, too hard to yield to
the erosive action of running water, to break by their
own weight and fall in successive fragments into the
chasms below them. To reproduce the pre-glacial
scenery of the Cuyahoga valley, we must erase Lake
Erie from the map, and near the center, or a little
north of the center of its present location, substitute
a winding canyon, draining toward the east, and of a
depth approaching one thousand feet, with number-
less other similar canyons of similar depth emptying
their waters, into it.

The land of the county, certainly more than seven
hundred and fifty feet above the bottoms of these
canyons, how much more we cannot tell, extended
far to the north and was covered with a network of
canyons, two of which were nearly coincident in
location with the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers. At
some time during the process of the erosion of these
channels the conglomerate of the Cuyahoga valley
was not cut by the canyon at the south line of the
county. At that point it then formed the bed-rock
of a river which may have been many times larger
than the present Cuyahoga, and which poured over
its margin in a precipitous fall of three hundred feet,
or to the surface of the Berea. The intervening Cuya-
hoga shales are largely argillaceous and easily eroded.
In most places they would all be cut out and carried
away until the conglomerate was undermined, giving
a precipitous fall from the top of the conglomerate
to the Berea, with the bottom of the canyon strewn
with huge blocks of the conglomerate which had
fallen from the bluff, as it was slowly but continu-
ously undermined. In places there are very hard

230

GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

beds in these Cuyahoga shales which would resist
erosioD, and at times, in place of a precipitous fall,
would be formed a steep decline down which the
water would rush in any eddying and foaming torrent,
in time remoying these harder beds, and when the
shale became again more argillaceous, restoring the
perpendicular falls.

Below this fall and to the north of it, the Berea
would resist erosion until after the Bedford shales be-
low were carried away and the Berea undermined, when
the stream would pour over it in a fall of one hundred
and thirty-five feet to the bed of the tough impervious
Cleveland shale. The latter, resisting erosion, would
be undermined by the erosion of the soft and fi'iable
Erie shale, and a third waterfall would result of a
bight of over four hundred feet.

At places, the Cleveland shale is thinner and more
easily eroded, and in such places the lowest fall would
gradually approach the second one, be ultimately
joined with it, and the water would have clear descent
of over five hundred and ninety-five feet. This can-
yon was intersected with other similar canyons, with

similar waterfalls, one of which joined it in the cor-
ner of Bedford township, passing through Northfield,
Hudson and Stow in Summit county, where its buried
channel is washed by a chain of swamps and lakelets.
Rivulets of various sizes emptied into it from both
sides, the water falls in a precipitous descent, or in
a succession of cascades. In places the decomposition
of the argillaceous shales would widen out the canyon,
undermine the compact, hard strata above, forming a
succession of bold bluffs, from which huge masses
would occasionally fall into the whirling torrents
below, dense forests crowning the bluffs would add
to the picturesque beauty of the scenery, the whole
forming an interesting illustration of the resulting
beauty from the orderly workings of the forces of na-
ture, where no appreciative eye can see it, but which
the student of nature, many thousands of years after-
wards, can with a good degree of accuracy repro-
duce.*

'■'The thickness and the subdivisions of the rook strata as given in this
sketch are taken from Prof. Newberry's report for the State survey, to
which I am also indebted for many other facts. M. C. E.

History of Cuyahoga County,

PART SECOND:

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND,

IML. MO'SES (

DIED AT Canterbury. CONN. 1806. AGED 70 years.

The City of Cleveland.

CHAPTER XLIV.

THE FIRST FOUK TEARS.

The Beginning— First Streets— First Map— The Name— The Stiles Fam-
ily—First Buildings— Boundaries— Description -Streets— The Original
Lots— Civil Condition— Topography, Soil, etc.— Mouth of the Cuya-
hoga—Sale of Lots— The Residents the First Winter— Gifts to Settlers
— Firet Funeral and Graveyard— Lorenzo Carter and Ezekiel Hawley—
The Oldest Survivor — Pioneer House-building — First Wedding— Pro-
gress of Survey— Sickness— James Kingsbury— Pi-lmitive Grist-Mill—
Nathaniel Doan— Elijah Gun— Fever and Ague— Dogwood instead of
Quinine— Failure to obtain Flour— First Grist-MiU— The First Raising
—Indian Quarrel— Game— A Thrilling Adventure.

The story of the various Indian tribes which lived
and fought in the vicinity of Cleveland, and of the
military expeditions which passed along the southern
shore of Lake Brie, on land and water, has already
been told in the general history of the county. There,
too, will be found a sketch of the title of the Western
Eeserve, and of the survey of that tract in the years
1796 and 1797.

The separate history of Cleveland may fairly be said
to begin on the sixteenth day of September, 1796,
when Augustus Porter, the principal sui-veyor of the
Connecticut Land Company, commenced laying out
a few streets on the right hand side of the Cuyahoga
river, at its junction with Lake Erie, for the purpose
of establishing a village at that point, which it was
hoped would one day become a city. Mr. Porter ran
out the street lines, while his assistants, Messrs. Seth
Pease, Amos SpafEord and Eichard Stoddard surveyed
the "city" lots,' or at least a part of them.

By the first of October the work was completed
(unless some of the lots were not marked off till the
next year), and a rude map of the proposed city was
made by Mr. Spafford, which is published in Col.
Whittlesey's Early History of Cleveland. The work,
of course, was under the general superintendence of
Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the agent of the Connecticut
Land Company, as well as one of its principal stock-
holders, who had charge of the operations in the field
during that year.

It was at this time, too— that is, about the last of
September, 1796— that the location in question re-
ceived the name which, with the exception of a single
letter, it has ever since borne. Previously it had
been spoken of in the minutes of the surveyors as
"Cuyahoga," or sometimes as the mouth of the
Cuyahoga.

The first mention of the name on record, so far as
is known, is in the agreement drawn up by the em-
ployes of the company in regard to the settlement
of Euclid, mentioned in the general history of the
county. That agreement declares itself to have been
entered into at a meeting "held at the city of Cleve-
land on the 30th day of September, 1796." The name
was occasionally spelled without the letter a, even in
the old records, but this was through inadvertence.
General Moses Cleaveland, who had bestowed his own
name on the "city" he had founded, always spelled
it with an a, and this example was followed in all
written and printed records (except by occasional
accident) for fifty years from the time in question.

The "city" at that time contained two log houses!
one had been built the previous spring as the head-
quarters of the party which was surveying the Re-
serve, and was also occupied as the residence of
Job P. Stiles and Tabitha Stiles, his wife, who "kept
house" for those of the party who were from time to
time at headquarters.

It was sometimes called " Pease's hotel," from Seth
Pease, who was Mr. Portei-'s principal assistant, and
was situated on the low ground under the hill, between
Main street and the river. The other, near the junc-
tion of Main street and the river, was the storehouse
of the surveyors, and had also been built by them
during the same season. There was also on the ter-
ritory now belonging to the city on the west side of
the river, a dilapidated, unoccupied log house, which
was supposed to have been erected ten years before
by the agents of the Northwestern Fur Company, in
which to receive provisions brought from Pittsburg,
as narrated in the general history.

The map before mentioned, made by Mr. Spafford,
is dated October 1, 1796. The area which had been
surveyed for the proposed city and was delineated on
the map was bounded north by the lake, west by the
river, south by a line a little south of Ohio street,
and east by a line a quarter .of a mile east of Erie
street, crossing the present Euclid avenue at the
junction of Huron street.

The map shows the "Public Square," now Monu-
mental Square, containing ten acres, with Superior
street running through it parallel with the lake shore.
It had first been named " Broad " street, and that

(223)

224

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

name had been written on the map, but had been
stricken oat and Superior substituted. Parallel with
Superior street, Lake street occupied its pi-esent course,
but extended only from "Water street to Erie. Huron
street ran as now from the river to a point a quarter
of a mile east of Erie, where the city then ended.
Ohio street ran from Erie westward only to Miami
street, which then extended thus far south. Another
street was delineated on the map under the name of
Federal street. It ran from Erie eastward to the east-
ern limits of the city plat; occupying the ground now
embraced in that part of St. Clair street, but extending
no farther west than Erie. Bath street ran from
Water street westward along the margin of the lake to
the mouth of the river, being some twelve rods wide
at the eastern end, but gradually narrowing to five or
six rods at the western extremity.

These six streets (Bath, Lake, Federal, Superior,
Huron and Ohio) were all that were at first surveyed
to run parallel with "the lake shore, and generally
called "east and west streets."

The "north and south" streets, or more accurately
those at right angles with the lake, first surveyed, were
Water, Ontario, Miami and Erie. The first still re-
tains the same course and extent then given it, run-
ning from the foot of Superior street northward to
the lake. Ontario ran from the lake southward
through the Public Square to Huron street, occupy-
ing the same ground as now, except the extension
from Huron street to Central Market. Miami street
began at Huron, followed its present brief course
southward, and also extended on the same line to Ohio
street. And finally Erie street, which was the longest
in the city, ran from the lake southward over its pres-v
ent course to the line of the surveyed tract, which, as
before stated, was a little south of Ohio street.

Besides these there were three streets, as they are
termed on the map, but usually called lanes in the old
records, designed to lead from the low ground along
the river to the bluffs above. One running from the
junction of Superior and Water streets northwestward
to what was called the "Lower Landing," was named
Union street, or lane, and corresponded to the present
southern part of Spring street. Mandrake street
then as now extended from Water street southwesterly
down the hill to the landing, while Vineyard street
ran from the Junction of Water and Superior street
southwesterly to the " Upper Landing," it being now
called South Water street. Still another lane, called
Maiden lane, was surveyed from the middle of Vine-
yard street in an easterly course up the hill and thence
to Ontario street, which it reached at a point about
half way between the square and Huron street, but
this was soon entirely abandoned.

It is not certain exactly when the names of Broad
and Court were changed respectively to Superior and
Ontario, but it would appear as if it was done by Gen-
eral Cleaveland's orders before the map left Spafford's
hands, as the chirography of the new names is seem-
ingly the same as the rest of the writing on the map.

The same map showed a complete division of the
city into lots, though it was not certain that they
were all surveyed and marked that autumn. They
were numbered from one to two hundred and twenty;
the first extending from Lake street to the lake shore
on the east side of Water street, and the last running
from Miami street, nearly opposite the junction of
Ohio, back to the Cuyahoga river. The greater por-
tion of the lots were eight rods by forty, containing
two acres, but many were larger than that and some
were smaller. Number two hundred and twenty.
Just mentioned, was over a hundred and twenty rods
long, while numbers one hundred and twenty-five to
one hundred and thirty-three inclusive, lying south
of Ohio street, were only about ten rods long. There
were, however, only a few lots having less than two
acres each, and it is perhaps largely due to this liberal
plan, devised by the projectors of Cleveland, that the
city is to this day probably the "roomiest" one of its
size in the United States.

While some of the surveyors were laying out the
city proper, others were dividing the suburbs into
out-lots. Prom Erie street east and from Ohio street
south the nearest land was divided into lots of ten or
twenty acres each, while the remainder of the survey-
township of Cleveland, comprising what was subse-
quently known as the civil townships of Cleveland and
Newburg, was divided into lots of a hundred acres
each. The tracts Just mentioned (that is, the city
lots, the ten and twenty acre lots and the hundred
acre lots) together occupied all that part of the pres-
ent city east of the Cuyahoga, all of the present town-
ship of Newburg and the eastern part of the present
township of East Cleveland.

No civil township had yet been organized in this
part of the county in the fall of 1796. The territory
of the future city east of the river was nominally
comprised in the county of Washington in the North-
west Territory, but no actual Jurisdiction was exer-
cised here by the Territorial authorities, and it was
not yet quite certain whether the Connecticut Land
Company was not vested with all the powers of gov-
ernment as well as the title to the land. The land on
the west side of the Cuyahoga was nominally in the
county of Wayne in the Northwest Territory, but
though the pre-emption right to it had been purchased
by the Land Company, the right of occupancy had
not been bought from the Indians, who were in undis-
turbed possession of all that portion of the Eeserve.

The surface of the embryo metropolis was moder-
ately level on both sides of the river, except that on
each side a steep bluff, from fifty to eighty feet high,
separated the low flats of the Cuyahoga from the ta-
ble-land above. Near the present eastern bounds of
the present city the ground rose into a high ridge
which extended nearly north and south a distance of
about four miles. Prom this ridge the stream now
called Kingsbury run flowed westward into the Cuy-
ahoga through a narrow hollow, bounded by bluffs
almost as lofty as those which enclose the river flats.

THE FIRST FOUR YEARS.

335

The larger stream which soon received the name of
Mill creek ran in rapid cascades, between rocky and
precipitous banks, through the extreme southeastern
part of the present city, long known as Newburg,
and then, curving southward, emptied into the river
in the present township of Independence. Another
brook, ere long known as Doan's creek, from one of
the earliest of the pioneers, having begun its course
in Warrensville, ran southwestward through the ex-
treme eastei-n part of the present city to the lake, but
was not distinguished by the very high banks which
marked the other streams.

The soil of the whole tract was a sandy loam, some-
times almost pure sand, with occasional sections of
clay or gravel. Out of this arose a heavy growth of
chestnuts, oaks, elms, maples and beeches, their
mighty trunks- standing far apart, but their wide-
spreading boughs shading all the earth with a dense
mass of foliage.

The Cuyahoga river emptied into the lake a short
distance west of its present mouth, and still farther
west was to be seen the location of a still earlier bed,
which was then a stagnant pond. Across the mouth
of the river ran a bar of sand which in spring and
fall was torn open by the current of the rushing
river, but which in summer came so near the surface
that even the light schooners, two or three in num-
ber, which then navigated Lake Erie, could not cross
it. Once inside, there was a commodious harbor,
with room and depth for vessels of the first class.

Such was the locality selected by General Moses
Cleaveland, acting in behalf of the Connecticut Land
Company, for the principal city of the Western Re-
serve. The survey township in which it was situated
had been selected as one of six, which were to be sold
for the benefit of the company at large, and not to be
divided among the stockholders, as was almost all the
rest of the Reserve. It had accordingly been divided
as before stated, the part nearest the city into the ten
and twenty acre lots, and the remainder into hundred
acre lots. It was proposed to sell at first only a
fourth of the townships, and Augustus Porter, the
principal surveyor of the company, submitted a propo-
sition as to the manner of making such sale.

In the first place city lots number fifty-eight to
sixty-three inclusive, and eighty-one to eighty-seven
inclusive, comprising all the lots bordering on the
public square, and one more, were to be reserved for
public purposes, as were also " the point of land west
of the town" (which we take to be the low peninsula
southwest of the viaduct), and some other portions of
the flats if thought advisable. Then Mr. Porter pro-
posed to begin with lot number one, and offer for sale
every fourth number in succession throughout the
towns, on these terms.

Each person who would engage to become an actual
settler in 1797, might purchase one town lot, one ten
or twenty-acre lot, and one hundred-acre lot, or as
much less as he might choose; settlement, however,
to be imperative in every case. The price of town

lots was to be fifty dollars; that of the ten,-acre lots
three dollars per acre; that of the twenty-acre lots
two dollars per acre, and that of the hundred-acre
lots a dollar and a half per acre. The town lots were
to be paid for in ready cash; for the larger tracts
twenty per cent, was to be paid down, and the rest
in three annual instalments, with annual interest.

It will be seen that even at that time the projectors
of Cleveland had a pretty good opinion of its future;
valuing the almost unbroken forest which constituted
the city at twenty-five dollars per acre in cash, while
equally good land outside its limits was to be sold for
from three dollars down to a dollar and a half per
acre, with three years' credit.

This program, which was dated on the 28th of Sep-
tember, 1796, seems to have been immediately con-
firmed, at least temporarily, by Gen. Cleaveland; for
on the map before mentioned, dated September 30th,
the names of six purchasers are written on the lots
they had chosen, only every fourth lot being selected,
and those around the square being left untaken.
Stiles took or proposed to take 53, Baun 65, Shepard
69, Chapman 73, and Landon 77; all being on Superior
street, and all except the last on the north side, ex-
tending all the way from Water street to Erie street.
Messrs. Shepard and Chapman must certainly have
had a good deal of faith in Cleveland, if they gave
twenty-five dollars an acre for land in the dense forest,
over half a mile from the two log houses which then
constituted the city.

By the eighteenth of October all the surveyors and
their assistants left Cleveland for their homes in
the East. They left Mr. and Mrs. Stiles and Mr.
Joseph Landon in possession of the city. The two
former, as has been said, had previously been merely
employees of the land company, but had now deter-
mined to become actual settlers. A cabin was built
for them by the surveyors before they left, situated on
the top of the hill, at the west end of Superior street.

Mr. Landon had also been in the service of the
company. He, however, remained but a few weeks,
and went east before winter set in. Mr. Edward
Paine, afterwards known as Gen. Paine, the founder
of Painesville, Lake county, then took board with Mr.
Stiles, and began trading in a small way with the In-
dians (Chippewas, Ottawas, etc.), who camped at
various points on the west side of the Cuyahoga dur-
ing the winter, and hunted and trapped on both sides.
So far as known, Mr. Paine was the first trader in
Cleveland, though it is quite probable that some
Frenchman may have erected a rude cabin there long
before, where beads, powder and whisky were ex-
changed with the Indian for bear-skins and beaver-
fur.

These three remained throughout the winter, alone
save when some copper-colored warrior brought his
store of furs to Mr. Paine, or when his tawny squaws,
with their bright-eyed pappooses on their backs, came
to gaze with longing eyes on the sparkling beads and
brilliant calicoes of the young trader.

226

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

Meanwhile, after the surveyors returned home, Mr.
Seth Pease made another map of tlie city, substan-
tially the same as the one before described. The
terms of sale proposed by Mr. Porter were in substance
confirmed by the comimny. The directors and stock-
holders also donated to Mrs. Stiles one city lot, one
ten-acre lot and one one hundred-acre lot in the city
and township of Cleveland, doubtless because she Was
the first woman who became a resident there. At the
same time they gave a one-hundred-acre lot in the
same township to Mrs. Anna, wife of Elijah Cun.
Mr. and Mrs. Gun had had charge of the company's
stores at Conneaut during the preceding summer, but
intended to move to Cleveland. Another gift of a
hundred-acre lot was made to James Kingsbury and
wife, the first emigrants to the Western Reserve en'
tirely unconnected with the company, who had first
located at Conneaut, but also proposed to make Cleve-
land their home. Finally the directors and stock-
holders gave a city lot to Nathaniel Doan, who had.
acted as blacksmith for the company, shoeing the
pack-horses of the surveyors the preceding summer,
on condition that he should reside and keeiJ up a
blacksmith shop upon it.

In the spring of 1797, Mr. Paine left Cleveland,
and soon after made a permanent location at Paines-
ville. In the month of May, Mr. and Mrs. Gun came
from Conneaut, being the second family resident in
Cleveland. It was not until the first day of Juno,
that the advance guard of the surveying party for
1797 reached Cleveland. They were in charge of Mr.
Pi3ase, who had been employed as the principal sur-
veyor for that year. On the third of June the re-
mainder of the party arrived, with Rev. Seth Hart,
the superintendent. One of the men, David Eldridge,
was drowned in crossing Grand river, and the body
brought to Cleveland. On the morning of the fourth
the north parts of lots ninety-seven and ninety-eight
was selected as a burial ground, a rude coffin was
made and the first funeral in Cleveland was attended
by the comrades of the deceased, while Mr. Hart read
the appropriate service according to the rites of the
Episcopal church. The location of this original ceme-
tery was on the east side of Ontario street, its north
line being Just north of Prospect street.

The lately lonesome wilderness now presented a
busy scene. Knowing by experience the tediousness
of living on meat and bread throughout the season,
nearly all the men set to work and cleared a piece of
land for a garden, on the top of the bank, near the
west end of Superior street, fenced it, and planted it
with various kinds of vegetables. Then there was a
rapid outfitting of parties, under the several survey-
ors, who went forth to run the lines of townships in
various parts of the Reserve. Superintendent Hart,
with Dr. Shepard and a few others, kept headquarters
at Cleveland.

Soon after the arrival of the surveyors (or according
to one account, a little before that event), Mr. Lorenzo
Carter, well known to all the early settlers as Major

Carter, made his home in Cleveland with his family.
He came from Rutland, Vermont, but had stayed
during the previous winter in Canada. One of Jiis
sons was Alonzo Carter, then seven years old, wlio
died but a few years since. Mr. Carter was an ex-
pert hunter and an energetic pioneer, with plenty of
assurance, and over the Indians he soon gained an
influence unequaled by any other white man in the
vicinity. He built a log cabin on the flat, a few rods
from the river, and near Union, now Spring street.

About the same time came Mr. Carter's brother-in-
law, Ezekiel Hawley, who also located in Cleveland
with his family. His daughter Fanny, then five years
old, now Mrs. Theodore Miles, of the eighteenth
ward, is the oldest surviving resident of Cleveland.

The next family was that of James Kingsbury, who
had resided at Conneaut during the winter, but who
removed to Cleveland in June. They at first occu-
pied the dilapidated log house west of the river, which
had formerly been occupied by agents of the North-
western Fur Company as a store-house. Mr. Kings-
bury, however, soon erected a cabin where the Case
block now stands, into which he moved his family.

It did not take long to build a house in those days.
A number of logs, sixteen or eighteen feet long, were
cut in the forest. These were drawn together by a
yoke of oxen, large notches were made near the ends,
so that they would match together. The neighbors
(in this case probably the surveyors) were invited to
the raising; the logs were speedily placed on eacli
other; a roof of split " shakes " was placed on the top;
a chimney of crossed sticks and mud was speedily
built; a hole was cut for a door (the place of which
was perhaps supplied by a blanket), and the mansion
was considered complete. Some of the more aristo-
cratic citizens might have a window with four fights
of glass, and a "puncheon" or split-log floor; but
these were luxuries of pioneer life.

The first wedding in Cleveland, which was also the
first in Cuyahoga county, has already been mentioned
in the general history, but so pleasantly momentous
an event will bear brief repetition. The parties were
Miss Chloe Inches, Mrs. Carter's hired girl, and Mr.
"William Clements, who had followed his love from
Canada, and who bore her back to His Majesty's do-
minions after the ceremony, which took place in the
month of July.

Meanwhile the surveys were steadily progressing,
notwithstanding sickness among the surveyors, which
was much greater than the year before. On the 20th
of August Surveyor Warren began to survey three
highways into the country, and also to mark the lines
of the ten acre lots before mentioned. First he began
at the east end of Huron street on the east boundary
of the city plat, and ran thence "north eighty-two
degrees east" (very near due east) to the west side of
the hundred acre lots, setting a post. every ten chains
or forty rods. This showed the north bounds of a
road, and the posts also designated the corners of the
ten acre lots which were intended to be forty rods

THE FIRST POUR YEARS.

227

square. Measuring off a road six rods wide, Mr. War-
ren ran back along its south side^ setting posts oppo-
site the others.

This, it will be understood, was to be a road, not a
street, being entirely outside the "city" limits. At
the time of survey it was designated as "Central high-
way." But as it soon became the main means of com-
munication with the settlements in Euclid it receiyed
the name of Euclid road; then it was extended to the
Public Square, as will be mentioned at the proper
time, and became Euclid street, and at length, bor-
dered with palatial residences, it has assumed the
more sonorous title of Euclid avenue.

The next day Mr. Warren began at the south end
of Brie street, on the south boundary of the city, and
ran south, seventy-four degrees east, one hundred and
thirty-one chains (a little over a mile and a half) to
the west boundary of the hundred-acre lots; running
back on a line due east, and marking the lot-corners
on both sides as before. This road was then called
the South highway. Later it was continued, bearing
to the right, to the town of Kinsman, on the eastern
border of the Reserve, and was then known as Kins-
man street; still later that portion of the original
"South highway," this side of Willson avenue, has
been extended in a straight line nearly to the city
limits, and has received the appellation of Woodland
avenue.

Finally Mr. Warren went to the end of Federal
(now a part of St. Clair) street, and rah thence north
fifty-eight degrees east to the hundred acre lots,
making the road six rods wide, and marking the cor-
ners as before. This was to be the E"orth highway,
but has long been known as St. Clair street. Lines
were then run midway between those roads to mark
the back end of the lots. Though called ten-acre
lots, there was really no uniformity. The frontage
of the lots were all the same, twenty rods, but their
depth increased as the roads diverged, so that those
adjoining the city were less than ten acres, and the
farthest ones were more. It was understood that this
would make the value of these out-lots about equal.

We have spoken in the general history of the
county, of the prevalence of fever and ague and
bilious fever among the surveyors throughout the Re-
serve in 1797. These diseases were equally common
among the citizens. Nearly every person in the little
settlement was stricken down. Mr. Kingsbury de-
termined to find a more healthy location for his
family. Following the South highway to the end, and
thence continuing about two miles farther in nearly
the same direction, he reached the ridge before men-
tioned as running along the present border of the
city. Finding there good soil and an apparently
healthy location, he purchased a large tract of land,
erected the inevitable log house— fitted up, however,
with more than usual comfort— and by the middle of
December was established in his new home. He was
the first settler on the ridge.

His first grist-mill was a white oak stump— as was

common with the pioneers throughout the Reserve —
hollowed out by fire on top so as to hold a goodly
allowance of corn, which was then pounded with a
heavy oaken mortar, suspended by a spring-pole or
sweep above this simple "mill." The stump was
preserved by Mr. Kingsbury and his children until
about twenty years ago, when, already rotted to a
mere shell, it completely succumbed to the power of
decay.

In the autumn of 1797 the surveyors completed
their work so that the land could be divided among
the stockholders of the company, and returned home.
In January, 1798, the partition was accordingly made.
Six survey-townships, of which Cleveland, then in-
cluding Newburg, was one, were reserved for direct
sale by the company.

Meanwhile Cleveland, with the rest of the Reserve
east of the Cuyahoga, had in 1797 become nominally
a part of Jefferson county, but no civil authorities
were appointed for this almost unknown corner. The
tract west of the river remained a portion of Wayne
county, with the Indians still in actual possession.

In the spring of 1798 Nathaniel Doan, the black-
smith, moved to Cleveland with his family and built
a blacksmith shop on the south side of Superior street,
a little west of the present end of Bank street, doubt-
less on the lot given him by the company. He at
first occupied as a residence the cabin built by Job P.
Stiles, who about this time moved out on the ridge
near Kingsbury's. Elijah Gun also moved to the
ridge south of Kingsbury's, and Rudolphus Edwards,
of Chenango county. New York, settled farther north
near the present intersection of Woodland avenue and
Woodland Hills avenue. In the city proper, Doan's,
Carter's and Hawley's were the only families, but Jo-
seph Landon, who had returned from the East, and
Stephen Gilbert were there, and cleared some ground
which they sowed to wheat. Mr. Carter also planted
two acres of corn on Water street, near the lake.

Nearly every man, woman and child in the settle-
ment was sickkWith the fever and ague. There were
not enough well persons to take care of the sick,
much less to provide food and the other necessaries of
life. In the intervals of the chills Carter and his
hounds often secured a deer, which was liberally
divided among his less expert neighbors. Nathaniel
Doan's family of nine members were all sick at once.
The only one who was able to do anything was his
nephew Seth, an active boy of thirteen. Although
he had the shakes every day himself, the boy not only
managed to collect wood and bring water, but fre-
quently made a trip to Kingsbury's to obtain corn.

That industrious pioneer, as well as his neighbors.
Gun and Stiles, had found health in their homes on
the ridge, and had raised good crops of corn on the
newly-cleared land. Kingsbury, energetic and invent-
ive, determined to have something better than a stump
mortar to grind his food. He accordingly obtained
two large stones from the banks of Kingsbury run,
shaped them into the semblance of mill-stones, placed

338

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

one on the ground and the other above it, fastened a
handle to the upper one, and by working the latter
back and forth produced flour and meal, not indeed of
the finest, yet superior to any but the imported
article.

There was not only no physician but no quinine,
the great specific for ague, and the settlers got along
as best they could with decoctions of dogwood bark.
As the cold weather approached the chills disappeared,
but the settlers had had a fearful lesson, which new-
comers were quick to learn from them, and which
long retarded the progress of Cleveland.

Near the middle of November four of the men,
still weak from the effects of the ague, started in a
boat for Walnut Crook, Pennsylvania, to obtain flour.
Between Euclid creek and Chagrin river their boat
was wrecked, and they returned by land empty-
handed. So throughout the winter all the people,
both in the city and on the ridge, depended on Kings-
bury's hand-mill for their breadstuff, which was
coarse enough to have suited the palate of the re-
nowned Graham himself.

In the spring of 1799 Mr. Doan, entirely satisfied
with his city experience, abandoned the lot given him
by the company, and moved four miles east to a point
where the ridge road from Kingsbury's struck the
" Central highway," where he established his home
and his shop. The locality was long known as "Doan's
Corners," and afterwards as East Cleveland, but for
twelve years has been a portion of the city.

Mr. Havvley also left the apparently doomed place
at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and located in the
Kingsbury neighborhood. Carter's and Spafford's
were the only families left. They had begun to feel ac-
climated, and determined to stay at all hazards. They
kept a kind of a tavern, and Mr. Carter also traded
some with the Indians, as indeed almost every one
did who could obtaiu some salt and whisky as capital,
these being considered the two great necessities of life.
Money was scarce beyond the imagination of the
present day; furs were almost legal tender, and were
frequently used to pay debts and "make change,"
even by the whites.

Superior lane was at this time a high, sharp rido-e
impassable in ascent or descent. The travel up and

down the hill was obliquely along Union street now

Spring street. The first named roadway, however,
began to be worked about this time.

In this year two newcomers, Wheeler W. Williams
and Major Wyatt built the first grist mill on the Ee-
serve at the falls of Mill creek, at what was long
known as Newburg, but is now the eighteenth ward
of the city. The irons were furnished by the land
company. The task was a very serious one and was
not completed till fall, when David Bryant and his
son G-ilman, who had been quarrying grindstones
near Vermillion river, went to the Newburg settle-
ment and made a pair of mill-stones. They were ob-
tained and made about half a mile north of the mill,
which was near the main fall. The water was con-

veyed down the hill to the wheel at an angle of forty-
five degrees.

When the mill was all completed and ready for
grinding, invitations were sent out to all the people
round about for a grand celebration. The number
was not large; no one lived wes't of the Cuyahoga,
nor up the valley of that river, above the mill. With-
in the limits of the present city there were as near as
can be ascertained ten families — Carter's^ Spafford's,
Doan's, Edwards', Kingsbury's, Gun's, Stiles', Haw-
ley's, Hamilton's and Williams' — (all but the two first
on the outer borders) and a few single men. There
was, however, a small settlement in Euclid, whose
members doubtless helped to swell the number, and it
is quite probable that there was a delegation from the
more populous region east of the Chagrin; for a dis-
tance of fifteen or twenty miles was little regarded by
the sturdy pioneer, and this was the first gristmill on
the Western Reserve.

The Indians were frequently to be seen in all parts
of the city and the surrounding country, but they
seem to have been very friendly and never to have had
any serious difficulty with the whites. There was an
old camp, where they often met, near Mr. Kingsbury's
residence, and about where he afterwards built his
frame-house, now occupied by his son, James Kings-
bury.

One day a young squaw came running into the
house, declaring that one of the Indians had badly
hurt his squaw; " — most kill her." Mr. K. hurried
out and found the camp in great commotion, the in-
jured woman leaning against a tree apparently faint-
ing, and the Indian standing sullen and defiant in
front of her. The white man began to scold him for
hurting the woman. He defended himself zealously
in the Indian tongue, with occasional words of broken
English, asserting that she was "heap bad squaw,"
and gesticulating with great energy to make up for
his lack of language.

In the course of his motioning he brought his hand
quite close to the squaw's face. She suddenly came
out of her faint and seized one of his fingers between
her teeth. He yelled with pain but she clung with
all her might, and the white peace-maker was obliged
to choke her pretty smartly to make her let go.

Game was abundant everywhere. There were two
deer-licks (places where slightly salt water oozed from
the ground) about a quarter of a mile from Wilham
Kingsbury's house. Here the deer frequently came to
enjoy the luxury, and patient watching would almost
always reward the hunter with a fat buck or a timid
doe. In time, however, the frequently falling of the
death-bolt at that particular place warned away the
survivors from the dangerous locality.

Bears were less frequent, but were sometimes seen.
Wolves, too, occasionally made their appearance. Mr.
Kingsbury brought a sow and a number of pigs from
Pennsylvania, which he carefully penned up at night,
but allowed to run loose among the plentiful acorns
and nuts during the day. One day, while he was

THE VILLAOE FROM 1800 TO T815.

229

absent, the family heard a noise near the house, and
looking out saw the old sow in a state of great excite-
ment, alternately pushing her young toward the
house, and turning to grunt at two gaunt gray wolves,
which were slowly following her, apparently hesi-
tating about attacking an antagonist of a species they
had never before seen. An outcry from the family
quickly drove them away, but as there was no one to
handle the old " queen's arm " which Mr. Kings-
bury's brother had borne at the battle of Bennington,
they escaped unharmed.

Among the illustrations of early frontier life, we
will advert to one more occurring in the neighbor-
hood on the ridge. On Christmas day, 1799, Mr.
Kingsbury's oldest daughter Abigail, seven years old,
with her two younger brothers Amos and Almon, to-
gether with Fanny Hawley (now Mrs. Miles), nearly
eight, and her younger brother, all went to visit the
children of Job Stiles, who lived about a quarter of
a mile farther south. There was a woods-road, con-
siderably traveled, along the ridge, and no one sup-
posed there was any danger.

Unfortunately they stayed late, and it was begin-
ning to be dusk when they started home. They soon
lost their way, and began wandering back and forth
in the strange way in which many older persons do
when once they lose their latitude in the woods.
Many times they must have come near the residences
of one or the other family, but somehow never saw
the light of either. The smallest children soon be-
came very weary. Fanny carried her brother and
Abigail picked up her youngest brother Almon. The
venerable Mrs. Miles related to us how she and Abi-
gail— themselves the merest cliildren — staggered to
and fro under their burdens in the darkness and
the growing cold, while Amos Kingsbury, only five
years old, appeared to be perfectly frantic at the
terrible prospect. At length the two girls gave up in
despair. They laid the two youngest boys down to-
gether, spread Abigail's broadcloth cloak over them,
beneath which they soon went to sleep— and then
waited, not knowing whether they were to be devoured
by wolves or froaen by the cold.

Meanwhile their families had discovered that the
children were lost, and all the three or four men of
the neighborhood were out in search of them.
Luckily too, Fanny's uncle, Lorenzo Carter, had been
out on a hunt, and stopped at her father's with his
rifle and hound. He, of course, joined in the search.
In the road the children's tracks were not distinguish-
able, and even in the woods they had crossed each
other so often that the hound could hardly follow
them. After ranging to and fro a long time, however,
he at length struck a distinct trail, which he and his
master quickly followed. Ere long the dog reached
the hollow where the children were. Little Amos
saw him, and screamed to his sister Abigail: "Nab-
by, Nabby, here's a wolf ! "

The girls, however, saw that it was a dog, and a
moment after Carter came in sight, crying out to

them not to be scared. He fired his rifle, the universal
signal of success in such cases, and the searchers
quickly assembled. The overjoyed fathers and friends
caught up the babes in the woods, and soon bore them
to their frightened mothers, when they were put to
bed with a better chance of a sound sleep than that
offered by a Christmas night in the forest, with the
wolves as possible performers in the play.

Noth withstanding the season, however, it does not
seem to have been very cold, and in fact all the old
accounts speak of the remarkable mildness of the
winters during the last two or three years of the
eighteenth century.

CHAPTER XLV.

THE VIIiLA.GE FKOM 1800 TO 1815.

Population in 1800— Civil Organizations— City Lots too High— Good
Crops— The First Distillery— An Indian Play-ground— A White Dog
Feasts-Samuel Huntington— Spafford's Map— Changes of Streets— The
First School— A Lawyer Among Wolves— First Hotel Keepers— Hunt-
ington's Advanccement— First Framed House— Its Destruction— One
Family a Vear— Price of Freight— First Militia Company— Purchase of
the West Side from the Indians— The First Post OfBce— Newburg Fam-
ilies—Samuel Dodge-The Two Omios-Young Omic's Violence— Carter
threatens to Hang Him— The Story of ";Ben"— A Curious Ending-
John Walworth— The First Collector -A Framed House on the Ridge
—A New Religion— Hard Customers in Cleveland— Slaughtering Hogs
on Sunday— A Would-be Runaway— Forcing a Man back to take his
Pay— Another Major— A Cleveland Governor and Senator— Fanny
Hawley's Adventure with an Indian— His Freaks at Hawley's House—
The Last Division ot Reserve Lands— Cleveland made the County-Seat
— Elias Cozad— Samuel and Matthew Williamson— Levi Johnson— The
Residents of 1810— The Two Stores-The First Court of Record- An-
other Warehouse— George Wallace-The First Execution-The War of
1812— Residents at the Beginning ot the War- Location of Houses—
The Farming Lands-A Few Incidents of the War-Taking Potatoes
to Perry— The First Brick l:uildin^— A Schooner built in the Woods—
The Village incorporated— Close of the War.

In 1800 the population of the tract laid out as a
city still consisted only of the families of Carter,
Spafford and Clark, Stephen Gilbert and perhaps
Joseph Landon; making a total of about twenty per-
sons. In the whole territory now included in the
city, however, there must have been between sixty
and seventy persons.

In July Cleveland became a part of the county of
Trumbull, which embraced the whole Western Re-
serve. James Kingsbury was appointed one of the
first justices of the peace " of the quorum," thereby
becoming a member of the court of quarter sessions
of the new county; and Amos Spafford was appointed
one of the first justices not " of the quorom."

At the first court of quarter sessions, held at War-
ren on the fourth Monday of August, 1800, the civil
township of Cleveland was organized, together with
seven others, in the new county. It embraced not
only the survey township of that name but all of the
present Cuyahoga county east of the river, three
townships of Geauga county, and nominally the
whole Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, though this
tract was still in possession of the Indians. Lorenzo
Carter and Stephen Gilbert were at the same time

230

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

appointed bhe first constables, to preserve the peace
in this immense territory.

Mr. Turhand Kirtland, the agent of the land com-
pany, who visited Cleveland this year, stated that
Carter, Spafford and Clark were very much dissatis-
fied with the price of city lots, (twenty-five dollars
per acre), and determined not to remain. It seems
they had not up to this time purchased any land, ex-
cept perhaps a lot apiece. They had been encouraged
by members of the company to expect lots at ten or
twelve dollars per acre, and they all declared they
would leave the place rather than pay the price de-
manded. Mr. Kirtland persuaded them to wait until
he could consult the directors, and earnestly urged
that the price should be lowered. As those persons
all remained, and as emigration continued very light
for a long time, it is presumed that their wishes were
acceded to.

Mr. Kirtland also mentioned the extreme scarcity
of money, and said inhabitants were very desirous
that the company should receive cattle, provisions,
etc., 'in payment for their land. This course, how-
ever, was not followed, so far as the tracts owned by
the company at large was concerned, though it may
have been by individual owners of the divided lands.
Mr. Kirtland also reported the crops as good and the
settlers healthy. The latter expression doubtless ap-
plied principally to those in the country, for the
vicinity of the mouth of the Cuyahoga was long cele-
brated as the favorite residence of King Ague. Prob-
ably, however, the few families who were there in
1800 had had nearly all the shakes shaken out of them,
or in other words had become partially acclimated to
the surrounding miasma.

In the fall of 1800, David Bryant and his son Gil-
man, brought a still from Virginia, built a distillery
twenty feet by twenty-six, out of hewed logs, on the
river flat, ne.ar the foot of Superior lane, brought water
from a side-hill spring in a trough into the upper
story, and began the manufacture of whisky. This
was, at that time, as respectable a business as any in
the country, and the opening of a distillery was hailed
with joy by the inhabitants of the vicinity, not only
because it promised a cheap supply of their favorite
beverage, but because their wheat, when turned into
whisky, could be sent to market without costing all
it would bring for transportation.

The Indians now crossed of tener than ever from their
own land on the west side, to the place where whisky
was not only sold but made. They had a kind of
ferry, opposite the foot of St. Clair street, where they
always kept canoes in which to pass over the river.
Their well-worn trail from the eastward'there crossed
the Cuyahoga, ran across the marshy ground, past
the old log storehouse, which, as before stated, stood
near the corner of Main and Center streets, and thence
to a small opening in the woods, near the present
crossing of Detroit and Pearl streets. There the
Indians were ascustomed to assemble, play their
games, hold councils, etc.

There, were often heard the sounds of glee from
squaws, children and the old men as the young war-
riors engaged in athletic games, or tossed the ball to
and fro with a skill hardly surpassed by the pitchers,
catchers and left fielders of the present day. There,
too, the woods re-echoed with the sonorous speeches
of their orators, as they recounted the great deeds of
their fathers, ere the white man had come to grasp
their fair domain, and occasional shouts of applause
from the excited auditors reached the ears of the few
settlers across the i-iver. It is admitted, however, by
all the early emigrants that the Indians were uni-
formly peaceable, and even friendly, in their inter-
course with the whites.

As was stated in the general history, they were ac-
customed to come to the mouth of the Cuyahoga in
the fall, haul their canoes ashore, scatter out up the
river in small parties, hunt and trap during the
winter, return in the spring, and go thence to their
cornfields on the Sandusky and Maumee. There
were usually a few, however, around the mouth of
the river at all seasons of the year. At these fall and
spring reunions, especially the latter, feasting and
drunkenness were the order of the day.

Gilman Bryant described one of the feasts to which
he was hospitably invited. The piece de resistance
was a white dog. (We don't generally varnish our
writing with scraps of French, but in this case the
Gallic expression is too appropriate to be omitted.)
All Indians, so far as we know, consider that there is
something peculiarly sacred about a white dog.
Among the Six Nations one or more are every year
strangled and burned entire as a sacrifice. In the
present instance, however, GMppewas and Ottawas
managed to unite religion and high living.

Having killed the dog, they singed part of the hair
off, chopped him up and made a large kettle of soup.
They placed a large wooden bowlful of it on a scaffold
as a sacrifice to their "Manitou," or Great Spirit;
the rest they appropriated to worldly uses. When
making the sacrifice they prayed to Manitou for a
safe voyage on the lake, good crops of corn when they
arrived at home, and other similar blessings. As
they began eating themselves they offered young
Bryant a dish of soup with a fore paw in it, with
some of the hair still between the toes. He declined
the proffered morsel, whereupon they disposed of it
themselves, saying that a good soldier could easily
eat that.

During the winter of 1800 and 1801, young Bryant
and his father cleared five acres on the bank of the
river just above the town-plat. In the spring of 1801,
Timothy Doan, a brother of Nathaniel, came to Cleve-
land, but removed to Euclid in the autumn.

A somewhat distinguished arrival of this season
was Samuel Huntington, a lawyer about thirty-five
years old, nephew of the governor of Connecticut of
that name, who, after traveling though a large part
of Ohio, had determined to make his future residence
at Cleveland. He built a large, hewed log-house, the

THE VILLAGE EEOM 1800 TO 1815.

231

most aristocratic residence in the place, on the south
side of Superior street near the top of the bluff, and
to this in the fall he moved his family. He also,
during the same season, caused the erection of the
first frame building in the city — a barn built by Mr.
Samuel Dodge. Elisha Norton, a trader, made his
home in Cleveland with his family this year.

In this year Mr. SpafEord made another map of the
city, about the same as the one formerly made by
Pease, with two or three exceptions. Ohio street is
shown as occupying the old line of Miami street from
Huron street southward, and then turning at a right
angle into the present Ohio. This was probably an
inadvertence on the part of Mr. SpafEord. The short
street, at first called Federal street, east of Brie, was
shown on this map, but no name was given it, and,
in fact, the name of Federal has never been known
since. Probably the rapidly rising fortunes of the
Democratic party in Ohio made the name of "Federal"
given by the magnates of Connecticut too unpopular
for continuance. Supeiior lane was also shown on
the new map and Maiden lane omitted; the latter
evidently by direction, as it has never been replaced.

In 1802, tho first school was kept on the city plat
in Carter's house by Anna SpafEord. There could
hardly have been over a dozen scholars. If the
younger ones strayed far on their school ward or home-
ward route they were in danger of meeting the fate
of Blisha's scorners. Alonzo Carter, eldest son of
Lorenzo, notes in his published reminiscences that a
man killed a bear that year with a hoe, on Water
street, near the light-house.

The same season, as the future Governor Hunting-
ton was floundering one evening on horseback along
the swampy road from Painesville, a pack of wolves
came out of the forest near the present corner of
Euclid and Willson avenues, and attempted to seize
him. He had no weapon but an umbrella. His
frightened horse did its best to escape, but the mud
was so deep that the wolves had decidedly the advan-
tage. Huntington beat them back as well as he could
with his umbrella, the horse made renewed efforts,
a little firmer ground was reached, a rousing gallop
left the assailants behind, and steed and rider, cov-
ered with mud, quickly dashed in among the cabins

of the city.

Carter and Spafford had both been entertaining
strangers ever since their arrival, but at the court of
quarter sessions, held in August, 1802, they both ap-
plied for and received regular licenses as hotel keep-
ers. It did not require much to " keep a hotel " in
those days. Almost everybody had plenty of bread
and meat, and if a man had an extra bed or two and
could procure a barrel of whisky, he was apt to put
up a sign and announce himself as a tavern-keeper.

In the ensuing winter Ohio was admitted as a State
into the Union, and Mr. Huntington was elected one
of the new House of Representatives. On his arri-
val at Chillicothe, the capital, he was elected the
speaker of the House, and scarcely had he taken this

position when, in 1803, he was appointed one of the
judges of the Supreme Court of the State. He still
retained his residence at Cleveland, making long jour-
neys on horseback through the forest from his log
house on the Cuyahoga to take his seat on. the Su-
preme Bench.

That year the first frame house was erected in the
city, nearly seven years after the first settlement, the
builder being the indefatigable Carter. It was situ-
ated near the foot of Superior street. Unfortunately,
just as the house was finished and the family could
move in, the shavings caught fire and the building
was totally consumed. Mr. C. built again the same
year, but was obliged to confine himself to a hewed
log house, and it was seven or eight years more —
near fifteen years from the survey aud settlement —
before Cleveland could boast of a single frame resi-
dence.

About one family a year seems to have been the in-
crease of Cleveland for several years at this period.
In 1804, Oliver Culver, one of the party who surveyed
the Western Reserve, brought out some goods (salt,
calico, liquor and tobacco,) to trade with the Indians
but after one season's experience returned east and
did not repeat the experiment. The freight from
Black Rock — now a part of Buffalo, was three dollars
per barrel.

Another event of the year was the organization of
the first militia company in the vicinity. The district
appears to have embraced the whole civil township of
Cleveland, containing several hundred square miles,
but the ofiicers. Captain Lorenzo Carter, Lieutenant
Nathaniel Doan, and Ensign Samuel Jones all resided
within the present limits of the city. The same sea-
son Captain Carter was chosen major of the "second
battalion, first regiment, second brigade and fourth
division of the Ohio;" Doan and Jones being respect-
ively promoted to captain and lieutenant.

The event of 1805 was the purchase from the In-
dians of that part of the Western Reserve west of the
Cuyahoga. The facts regarding the treaty and the
survey are given in Part One. The result was to open
to settlement all that part of the present city lying
west of the river. No haste was manifested, however,
to take advantage of the opportunity, and for a long
time the western bluffs were as densely covered as
ever with the frowning forest.

The same year a post oflice was established at
Cleveland, and on the .22d day of October, Elisha
Norton was appointed the first postmaster. Judge
Huntington, who had bought an interest in the mills
on Mill creek, removed thither this year. Owing to
the existence of the mills and the healthiness of the
surroundings this was a much more fiourishing place
than Cleveland. It had apparently not yet received
the name of Newburg, as it was spoken of in letters
as "the mills near Cleveland." Besides Judge Hunt-
ington's, there were the families of W. W. Williams,
James Hamilton, Mr. Plumb and one or two others.

It was a good deal like "getting up one step and

932

THE CITY OV CLEVELAND.

falling back two," for the struggling, sickly little vil-
lage. Samuel Dodge, who had married a daughter
of Timothy Doan, established himself on the Euclid
road, built a log house between the sites of the resi-
dences of Messrs. Henry and G. C. Dodge, and dug
the first well in Cleveland. It was walled up with
stone, brought by the Indians into the neighborhood
for backs to the fire places of their wigwams.

Notwithstanding the sale of the lands on the west
side, many Indians continued to reside more or less
of the time on their old gi-ound. Among others was
an old man named Oraic, and his son Omic, some-
times called John Omic by the whites, to distinguish
him from his father. John Omic was afterwards
tragically celebrated in the history of the county, as
being the subject of the first execution within its
borders. He seems to have been from boyhood a youth
of evil-disposition and reckless temper. About the
period in question, 1805, when he was a strapping
fellow of fifteen or sixteen, he one day entered Major
Carter's garden (as related by the major's niece, Mrs.
Miles,) and began gathering some vegetables. Mrs.
Carter came out and ordered him away, whereupon
he drew his knife and chased her three times around
the house, and did not desist till a young man in the
vicinity came up and drove him away. Perhaps his
only intention was to scare her, but it was certainly
not a very pleasant experience.

When Major Carter came home and heard his wife's
story, he was naturally greatly enraged. Putting a
rope in his pocket, he started for the cabin of old
Omic on the other side of the river. Arriving there,
he told the old man what his son had done, and de-
clared that he was going to hunt up the young rascal
and hang him — at the same time producing the rope
to give emphasis to his words. Carter was renowned
as a fighting man among the whites, and had acquired
a great influence over the Indians, whose language he
spoke fluently. They believed he could and would
accomplish almost anything he took a fancy to do,
and old Omic was terribly frightened. He begged
and implored Carter not to hang his boy, but for a
time the major was inexorable. At length yielded he
so far as to promise that if the scamp would stay on the
west side of the river, and never under any circum-
stances cross the stream, his life should be spared.
The old man promised zealously that the condition
should be faithfully observed.

"Now remember," said Carter, as he flourished his
rope, "if I ever catch him on that side again, I'll
hang him up to the first tree in five minutes.

"He no come, he no come," earnestly replied the
father.

And sure enough, the danger of getting within the
grasp of the irate major was so strongly placed before
tlie reprobate by his father, and perhaps by others of
the older Indians, that young Omic kept his own side
of the stream, and according to Mrs. Miles' recollection
he did not again cross it until, several years later, he
was on the way to his trial and execution.

We have mentioned in the general history of the
county the loss of the boat which started from Cleve-
land in the spring of 1806, containing a Mr. Hunter,
his family, and two colored persons, and was wrecked
a little east of Eocky river; a colored man called Ben
being the only person saved. The incident had a
curious sequence, related by A. W. Walworth in his
sketch of Major Carter, published in Col. Whittesley's
work.

When Ben was brought back to Cleveland, half
starved and nearly frozen to death, he was taken to
Carter's tavern, which was the general rendezvous,
especially for the used-up part of the community,
who had no other home. Rheumatism drew Ben's
limbs out of shape, some of his toes were so badly
frozen that they came off, and he was unable to do
any work, but the free-hearted major kept him
throughout the summer. In October two Kentucki-
ans came to Cleveland, one of whom declared that he
was the owner of Ben, who was an escaped slave.
The major told them what a hard time Ben had had,
and how he, the major, had kept him, gratis, on ac-
count of his misfortunes.

"I don't like niggers," said the worthy major,
"but I don't believe in slavery, and Ben shan't be
taken away unless he chooses to go. "

The owner declared that he had always used Ben
well, that he had overpersuaded to run away by
others, and that he would probably be willing to go
back to his old home. He wanted to have a talk with
Ben, but the major would not consent to this, unless
the negro desired it. Finally, after consulting Ben,
it was agreed among all the parties that a parley
should take place in the following manner: The
owner was to take his station on the east bank of the
Cuyahoga, near the end of Huron street, while Ben
was to take his post on the opposite side, and the
conversation was to be carried on across the stream.
Certainly the major guarded pretty effectually against
treachery. This program was faithfully carried out.
After salutations back and forth, the master said:

" Ben, haven't I always used you like one of the
family? "

" Yes, massa;" replied Ben. The conversation was
carried on for some time, many inquiries being made
by Ben. regarding old acquaintances, and by the Keu-
tuckian regarding the adventures of his servant.
Great good feeling seemed to be manifested on both
sides, though no definite arrangement was made.
This, however, was consummated by future negotia-
tions, and the next morning, but one, young Walworth
saw the Kentuckians starting southward on the river
road, Ben riding his master's horse, while the latter
walked on foot by his side.

But the most curious part of the affair was still to
come. Eight or nine miles from the village a couple
of white men, who had been hanging around Carter's
tavern all summer, getting their living principally off
from the good-natured major, suddenly appeared by

THE VILLAGE PROM 1800 TO 1815.

233

the roadside with rifles in their hands. One of them
cried out:

"Ben., you d — d fool, jump off from that horse and
take to the woods."

This was long before the days of revolvers, and the
owner's big horse-pistols were in the holsters on the
horse that Ben. was riding. Besides, both the Ken-
tuckians were too mucli surprised to make resistance
on the instant. Ben. jumped ofE the horse and ran
off into the woods; the two riflemen immediately fol-
lowed, and the Kentuckians were left lo digest their
disappointment as best they might. They probably
thought that the game was not worth any more hunt-
ing and did not return to Cleveland, nor make any
further attempts to recover their troublesome prop-
erty.

The next winter Major SpafEord's son and another
young Clevelander were hunting on the west side of
the river, when they came across a rude hut in the
forest, near the line of the present townships of Inde-
pendence and Brecksville, where Ben. had domiciled
himself. It was supposed that he went from there to
Canada. It was never known whether the "rescue"
was the result of any settled plan or merely arose
from a sudden freak on the part of the two men be-
fore mentioned. There seems to have been no reason
why a rescue should have been planned, as it would
have been impossible, in this forest-covered country,
to take the negro in the first place without his own
consent.

Mr. A. W. Walworth, from whom the above anec-
dote is derived, was then a youth of about sixteen,
and was the son of Mr. John Walworth, who had
moved to Cleveland in April, 1806. The latter was a
near relative of Hon. R. Hyde Walworth, the cele-
brated chancellor of New York. He was appointed
collector of the district of Erie on the 17th day of
January, 1806. In June 'previous he had been ap-
pointed inspector of the port of Cuyahoga, but had
continued to reside at Painesville, making occasional
visits to the scene of his few official duties. Previ-
ous to this there had been practically nothing to pre-
vent the smuggling from Canada of whatever any one
desired. The loss to the United States government
was not probably very large, however, as three years
later the amount of imports from Canada, for a year,
was only fifty dollars. Mr. Walworth was also ap-
pointed associate judge of Geauga county just before
his coming to Cleveland and postmaster of that place
in May after his arrival, the latter appointment being
in place of Elisha Norton, who removed from the vil-
lage. After a short residence on Superior street he
removed to a farm he had purchased, about two miles
up the Pittsburg road, now Broadway, embracing
what was commonly known as Walworth point.

We have had frequent occasion to speak of the
marshy ground in various parts of Cleveland. A
youthful visitor of 1806 speaks of the boys and girls
picking whortleberries in the marsh " west of Dolph
Edwards':" that is in the vicinity of the present work-

house. At this time the ridge-road from the mills to
Doan's Corners was lined with fields almost all the
way from the mills to Kingsbury's, and much of the
distance from there to the corners. The fields, how-
ever, contained many dry, girdled trees, presenting
an unsightly appearance to any one fresh from the
highly cnltivated farms of New England. Several
orchards were rapidly approaching maturity, and Mr.
Kingsbury's bore a few apples that year.

Mr. Kingsbury's farm being in a prosperous condi-
tion, he determined to have a framed house. He put
up the frame that year, 1806, depending on obtaining
his lumber from Williams and Huntington's sawmill.
But the dam went off in the spring and the frame re-
mained uncovered for over a year. Unwilling to be
so dependent on others and having a pretty good mill-
privilege on Kingsbury run, the energetic judge went
to work and erected a sawmill. The next year, 1807,
he covered his house; making the brick for the im-
mense stack of chimneys from clay close by. His son
still possesses the last brick made, marked with the
date, "June 2-3, 1807."

The house was a large two-story frame, and is still
standing in good repair, occupied by a son, James
Kingsbury, then unborn, but now an aged man. It
is probably the oldest building standing within the
limits of the city. Part of the upper story was fin-
ished off in a large room, in which dances were held,
and also masonic communications, the judge being a
zealous member of the mystic order.

One of the visitors to Cleveland mentions attend-
ing a meeting at Doan's Corners, where a preacher
named Daniel Parker attempted to introduce a new
religious sect called the Halcyonites, but apparently
with little success, as we hear no more of that sweetly
named denomination. The preachers who sometimes
visited Cleveland bore pretty general testimony to the
wickedness of the inhabitants, but it appears to have
related more to matters of opinion and of language
than to more violent offenses. Crime of every kind
seems to have been very rare, and the settlers were
nearly all industrious, honest and enterprising. Prob-
ably they drank a good deal of whisky, but that was
a common fault in those days and is not yet entirely
overcome.

But the reverend gentlemen accused them of gross
infidelity, of terrific profanity, and what was worse of
making a practice of slaughtering their hogs on Sun-
day. This was certainly a most objectionable proceed-
ing, in taste as well as in morals. Newburg, or "the
Mills," was considered a little better, but not much.

An incident of 1807 shows the off-hand way in
which things were done in those days. One morning
a man who had worked for the Major two or three
months suddenly disappeared. He had taken nothing
and the major owed him a few dollars; so that his
running away was quite inexplicable. Spafford went
to his brother major. Carter, and told him about the
affair. Carter at once said that no one should run
away from Cleveland, shouldered his rifle and started

334

THE CITY 0-F CLEVELAND.

in pursuit. Taking the fellow's trail, he o?ertook
him near the present Willson avenue, and ordered his
return.

" No," he replied; " I have stolen nothing and
don't owe anything; I shall not go back."

"Go or be killed," was the reply of Carter, "and
be thrown into this cat tail swamp for the wolves to
feed on."

The man sullenly assented, and Carter took him
back to SpafEord.

" Why did you run away," queried the latter; " I
owe you some money."

" Well," replied the man, "I have always been a
rover, and when I have worked as long as I want to
in one place, I generally run away."

"It's a bad practice," said SpafEord, "and you
can't do it here."

"I see I can't," admitted the man.
" Well, now, sit down and eat your breakfast, and
I will see how much I owe you, and after I pay you,
you can go, and welcome. "

"Well, now," said the other; "I have given up
going, and I am willing to stay and work a spell
longer."

"All right," replied the Major; and accordingly
the fellow continued to labor for his former employer
two or three months longer. We have heard of a great
many cases of men being brought back by force to pay
their debts, but this is the first instance, with which
our historical researches have made us acquainted, of
a man's being compelled in that manner to receive
money which was due him.

In 1807 the fourth draft of the lands of the Western
Eeserve was made. Samuel P. Lord and others drew
the township of Brooklyn, which then came to the
river at its mouth.

Another major, Nathan Perry, became a resident
of Cleveland in the summer of 1807. His son Hor-
ace preceded him a few months, and another son,
Nathan, Jr., followed in the autumn.

Several incidents occurring at and near Cleveland
we have mentioned in the general history of the
county. As we have also stated there. Judge Hunt-
ington moved to Painesville and was elected governor
of the State. While in office (in 1809) he appointed
Hon. Stanley Griswold, United States senator to fill
out a few months of au unexpired term. Senator
Griswold then lived at "Doan's Corners" (now in
the east part of the city). A visitor mentions attend-
ing a spirited militia election there while the senator
was at Washington; at which the late Allen Gaylord,
of Newburg, was elected ensign. Senator Griswold
remained a resident there but a short time after the
expiration of his term in congress.

Mrs. Miles relates an incident of this period (about
1809) when she was the youthful Fanny Hawley of
some sixteen summers, which gives an idea of the
alarms to which the damsels of that day were subject.
They were not so terrible as on some frontiers, where
the tomahawk and scalping-knife were in frequent

use, but were sufficiently startling to seriously try the
nerves of our modern belles. She was riding to
Cleveland on horseback, on a man's saddle impro-
vised into a side-saddle, over the road from the Kings-
bury settlement, which ran near the line of the
present Kinsman street. When in the midst of the
woods, about half way to town, her horse suddenly
stopped. An Indian came out of the woods, put his
hand upon her, and in harsh, broken English, said:
"Give me whisky."
"Why, I haven't any whisky," replied Miss Haw-
ley; "not a particle."

"Ugh! damn you— give me money," then said the
son of the forest, in a still more angry tone.

At this moment the young lady's horse, which had
been fretting at the presence of the red man (for
white men's horses were usually much afraid of In-
dians), suddenly dashed ofE through the woods at
high speed. Miss Fanny was entirely unable to hold
him, and clung to the pommel and crupper as best
she could. The animal soon came near the house of
a Mr. Dille, lately settled in that locality, who ran
out and stopped him, and the young lady received no
injury. The runaway was not pleasant, but it at
least cleared her of the Indian.

She went on to town, and on returning found that
the same Indian had been at her father's house during;
her absence in company with his squaw. He was con-
siderably intoxicated, and soon began to make a dis-
turbance. Mrs. Hawley gave him a push which toppled
him over on to the fire. He got up, very angry, but
did not commit any personal violence. His squaw
told Mrs. Hawley to carry out of doors everything
with which he could hurt any one. Mrs. Hawley and
the squaw accordingly slipped out and hid a butcher
knife and one or two similar articles. As they were
doing so the Indian snatched a loaf of bread from tlic
bake oven and started. Mrs. Hawley met him at the
door. He put his hand to his breast as if to draw a
knife. Mrs. Hawley dodged, and he ran o£E into the
woods with his loaf of bread. The whole proceeding
may not have been dangerous, but it was not at all
amusing.

In 1807, (January 5,) the fifth and last division of
the lands of the Western Eeserve was made at Hart-
ford, including the unsold lots at Cleveland. The
same year Brooklyn, including the present west part of
Cleveland, was surveyed into lots and offered for
sale. That year also, the brothers Levi, Samuel and
Jonathan Johnson became residents of the still dimin-
utive city.

By far the most important event of the year con-
nected with Cleveland was the establishment of the
county-seat at that place. Cuyahoga county had
been set off from Geauga in 1807, but had not been
organized, nor had a county-seat been designated. In
the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed by the
State authorities for that purpose. There was quite
a sharp contest between Cleveland and Newburg for
the location. The latter place was full as large as the

THE VILLAGE FROM 1800 TO 1815.

335

former and even more thriving, on account of its su-
perior health. Cleveland, however, which had evi-
dently a good commercial location, with large pros-
pects of becoming an important port, succeeded in
the contest.

In 1809 Judge Walworth, then postmaster, em-
ployed Levi Johnson to build a small framed office on
Superior street. This is said to have been the first
framed building erected in the •' city," except barns,
and except Carter's house, which was burned. At all
events, a framed building was enough of a novelty so
that people collected in considerable numbers to watch
its progress.

Major Carter, however, built a warehouse on Union
lane in 1809 and '10, showing tliat there was certainly
some business at the mouth of the Cuyahoga.

In the spring of 1810 Elias Cozad, a young man of
twenty-one, settled at " Doan's Corners," where he
still resides. He had come to that locality with his
f-ather, Samuel Cozad, in 1808, but had returned east
to finish learning his trade, that of a tanner. Imme-
diately after coming to the corners for the second
time, he built and bagan operating the first tannery
in the township of Cleveland. Mr. Cozad was after-
wards an officer of the militia in the war of 1813. He
has been an active citizen throughout the greater part
of his life, and, notwithstanding his great age, is a
person of marked intelligence. We had the pleasure of
a most interesting conversation with him during the
past year on the events of early times. No male resi-
dent has spent so long a period of his adult life in
what is now the city of Cleveland as Mr. Cozad,
though there may be some still surviving who were
born here before he came, or who came here as boys
before he did.

Samuel and Matthew Williamson set up a tannery
in Cleveland proper, that is in the then village of
Cleveland, soon after Mr. Cozad started his at Doan's
Corners, in the latter part of 1810 or forepart of 1811.
Alfred Kelley the first practising lawyer, and-David
Lang, the first physician, both also made their home
in Cleveland in 1810.

Mr. Levi Johnson has left a record of the inhabit-
ants of Cleveland in 1810, which we copy entire.
According to it the population of the youthful city
was then as follows; the figures after each family rep-
resenting the total number of its members: Abram
Hickox and family (5); Dr. David Long; Mrs. Coit;
Alfred Kelley; Levi Johnson; Lorenzo Carter and
family (7); Elias and Harvey Murray and family (4);
Major Perry and wife (3); Benoni Carter; Bold Mc-
Conkey and family (3); Jacob Wilkinson and family (5);
Samuel Johnson; Charles Gun and two brothers (3);
John Walworth and family (7); Samuel Williamson
and family (5); Matthew Williamson; Mr. Humiston
and family (4); Mr. Simpson and family (5). This
made a .total of fifty-seven persona then resident in
the village of Cleveland, fourteen years after it was
first laid" out; certainly not a very hopeful indication
of future greatness.

Elias and Harvey Murray, above mentioned, owned
a store, as did also Major Perry, these being the only
storekeepers in the place. These were something
like real stores, having taken the place of the cabins
partly filled with Indian goods which were called
stores a few years earlier. Not, indeed, that these
later ones were at all splendid; they were merely rude
depositories of the coarse goods of all kinds generally
used by farmers and mechanics in a new country.

It was May of this year (1810) that the first Court
of record in the county was organized in the store of
E. & H. Murray. Mr. Elias Cozad attended it, and
mentions the fact that the presiding judge, Hon. Ben-
jamin Ruggles, wore a queue — evidently a gentleman
of the old school — -for queues had generally gone out
of fashion. There were very few suits, the principal
business being the trying of indictments for selling
liquor to the Indians.

The' next year the Messrs. Murray built a log ware-
house near the river, which indicates two things: In
connection with the erection of Major Carter's ware-
house a year or two before it shows that (^uite a little
bu.siness was done at this port, and it also shows that
the place was still in a very backward state and profits
small, or the merchants mentioned would have put up
a framed warehouse.

George Wallace came this year and began keeping
tavern. His and Carter's were the only taverns in the
place. Carter died during the war.

The next year saw the first execution in Cleveland
and the breaking out of the conflict with Great Brit-
ain, commonly called the war of 1813. Both these
events have been spoken of at considerable length; the
former having been under the control of the county
authorities, and the latter a matter of national im-
portance. The war did not afEect this place very se-
riously, though the people were kept in a continuous
state of alarm for a large portion of the time, for fear
lest an invading force should reach them either by sea
or land.

All the events of a warlike character which oc-
curred here during the war of 1813, were necessarily
narrated in the general history of the county, and few
events not of a warlike character occurred here until
after the close of the war.

There is extant a list of the families living in
Cleveland , at the beginning of the war. These were
those of George Wallace, Samuel Williamson, Hezekiah
King, Elias Murray, Richard Bailey, Amasa Bailey,
Hiram Hanchett, Harvey Murray, Abraham Hickox,
Levi Johnson, Samuel Jones, David Hickox and Dr.
Long. The list of two years before comprised eleven
families— that of the present year, thirteen— a gain of
one family per year. Besides those named, there were
James Root, Alfred Kelley and Matthew Williamson,
who were without families, and probably some others.

All the places of business were on Superior street
below the present location of the Weddell House,
while most of the residences were also on some part
of Superior street below the Public Square. A few

236

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

only were on side streets leading off from it. Nearly
all the rest of what now constitutes the city was
forest or swamp until one reached the extreme outer
portion. At Doan's Corners was a thriving farming
settlement, consisting of Mr. Doan, Mr. Cozad and
one or two others, and the farming tract before men-
tioned, which extended south along the ridge, now
known as Woodland Eights, to Newburg, was by this
time pretty thoroughly cleared up. Rudolphus Ed-
wards had a hundred and fifty acres under cultiva-
tion. Judge Kingsbury had another large farm, and
similar, though perhaps smaller ones were located all
along the route.

Newburg was a thriving little place, but from there
to Cleveland village about the only clearing of any
consequence was the Walworth place, about two miles
up the river, where Mr. John Walworth died during
the first year of the war. The large tract between
the farms on the Hights, the road to Newburg and
the Euclid road, and thence north to the lake, was
substantially in the same condition that it was in
when Moses Cleav eland first came to the mouth of
the Cuyahoga.

As has been stated, all the warlike movements of
that period have been narrated in the general history,
as has also the erection of the first-court house by
Levi Johnson. A few minor incidents of that excit-
ing time may, however, be worth mentioning. Two
days after Perry's victory, Mr. Levi Johnson and a
man named Eumage found a large flat boat which
had been abandoned by Quartermaster (afterwards
General) Jessup. They loaded this with two hun-
dred bushels of potatoes, took them to Put-in-Bay and.
sold them to the fleet and army, easily quadrupling
their money. Jessup kept the boat to aid the move-
ment of Harrison's army into Canada, while Johnson
returned to Cleveland as pilot of the sloop "■ Somers,"
one of- Perry's victorious fleet. Soon after, Eumage
returned with the flat boat, and with news of the
victory of the Thames. Johnson resumed command
and made several successful trips.

There was but little progress during the war, yet
the first brick building in Cleveland was a store built
in 1814, by J. E. and Irad Kelley. In tliat year
SpafEord's old map was copied by Alfred Kelley, and
marks added showing all the buildings in existence
in the village when the copy was made. There were
thirty-four in all.

In 1814, Levi Johnson built the soli ooner "Pilot."
The curiosity concerning it is that for convenience in
obtaining timber he built it in the woods, near the
site of St. Paul's church, on Euclid avenue, half a
mile from the water. When it was finished, the en-
terprising builder made a " bee." The farmers came
in with twenty-eight yoke of cattle, and the "Pilot "
was put on wheels and dragged to the foot of Superior
street, where it was launched in the river, with re-
sounding cheers.

On the 23d of December, 1815, the legislature
passed an act incorporating the village of Cleveland.

This was the last event of especial consequence affect-
ing that place before the close of the war of 1812,
which occurred the same winter. The succeeding era
of peace may properly be begun with a new chapter.
Before entering on the new era, however, we will ap-
pend a description of the jollification which took place
when the news of peace arrived here, in nearly the
same words in which the event is recorded in a manu-
script preserved in the Historical Society.

When the news was received, the citizens assembled
by a common impulse to celebrate so momentous an
event. The depression, the sacrifices and the alarms
of three tedious years were terminated. There was
no formal meeting with speeches and resolutions, but
a spontaneous and most exuberant expression of Joy.
Every one was in a mood to do something extrava-
gant. It is reported that one of the citizens, by way
of an impromptu feu de joie, set fire to a load of
hay, which a farmer was bringing to market.

A government gun was brought out. Abram Hick-
ox, the principal blacksmith of the village, carried
the powder in- a pail; throwing it into the piece by
tlie handfull. Another gunner had a fire-brand with
which to "touch off" the gun, a spark from which
found its way into "Uncle Abram's" pail. He was
seen to rise instantly from the earth as high as the
eaves of an adjacent house (so runs the record), com-
ing down half stripped of his clothing. In this
plight he ran down Superior street, screaming Tehe-
mently that he was killed. He was not, however,
and, after doing the blacksmithing for one generatioQ,
he survived to become the sexton of the next.

Whisky was regarded as common property on that
day, performing an important part in their patriotic
rejoicings. Before night not a few found it desirable
to lean against a friendly stump, or recline comfort-
ably in a convenient fence-corner. But they soon re-
covered, and went to work at their respective voca-
tions with great hopes of the prosperity which was to
follow the return of peace.

CHAPTEE XLVI.

THE VILLAGE FKOM 1815 TO 1825.

First Village Officers— General Depression— Another Vessel built inland
— N. H. Merwin— Mrs. P. ScovllI— Going to Church by Bugle-call—
Leonard Case's Description— The Traveled Streets— Woods, Swamp
and Brush— The Eesidents and their Families— Moses White— Prom-
inent Men of Newburg-" Cleveland, Six Miles from Newburg"-
The Euclid Road— Laid out to the Comer of the Square— Framed
Warehouses— Stone Quarry and Mill at Newburg— Commercial Bank
of Lake Erie— Orlando Cutler— Samuel Cowles and Reuben Wood—
Land on the Square sold for JlOO per Acre— Ansel Young— Steamboat
and Newspaper— " The God of Lake Erie "—Carding Machines and
other Items— P. M. Weddell— Michael Spangler— Religious Matters— A
Theatrical Performance— John Brooks and other Newburgers— Killed
by a Limb— Hunting Deer— The First Bridge— Business Rivalry— The
Cleveland Academy— The Cleveland Forum— The West Side— Poor
Harbors— The Canal— The Turning Point— J. W. Allen.

Ox the first Monday of June, 1815, the first village
election took place. The following officers were unan-
imously elected; each receiving twelve votes: Alfred

13). ^vIUjOvaak^wC^^

THE VILLAGE FROM 1815 TO 1825.

337

Kelley, president; Horace Perry, recorder; Alonzo
Carter, treasurer; John A. Ackley, marshall; George
Wallace and John Riddle, assessors; Samuel William-
son, David Long, and Nathan Perry, Jr., trustees.

The hopes entertained of great immediate prosperity
on the return of peace were by no means realized. In
fact, the sudden change in the value of paper money
and the general financial stringency which came upon
the country immediately after the war, combined with
the cheapness of agricultural products, the diflBeulty
of sending them East, and the general indebtedness
for land, rendered the five years next succeeding the
war even more discouraging than the period which
preceded it.

Nevertheless there was quite a number of new resi-
dents came in that period and there was quite an
amount of business done, considering how small a
place Cleveland actually was.

This year the enterprising boat-builder, Levi John-
son, laid the keel of the schooner "Neptune," of six-
ty-five tons, near the site of Central Market, and it
was afterwards moved to the water by the same means
employed in the case of the "Pilot."

Noble H. Merwin, long a prominent citizen of Cleve-
land, came to that place in 1815, and began keeping
the tavern previously kept by George Wallace, at the
corner of Superior street and Virginia lane. He also
engaged largely in the provision trade, vessel-building,
and other business connection with the lake.

Among the newcomers of 1816 was Miss Bixby,
now the venerable Mrs. Philo Scovill. She mentions
among those who were then residents in the village,
Levi Johnson, Alfred Kelley, Phineas Shepard, the
widow Carter, whose house had a large rye-field in
front of it, Phineas Shepard, who kept the old
Carter tavern. Dr. Long, before mentioned. Dr.
Mackintosh, N. H. Merwin and Hiram Hanchett,
the tavern-keepers, Horace Perry, Philo Scovill, after-
wards her husband, who kept a drug store, etc.

There was no church nor settled minister, and
when a traveling preacher occasionally came along,
meetings were held in the school-house in winter and
in the court-house in summer. The people were
called to meeting by the blowing of a bugle by a Mr.
Bliss.

A detailed description of Cleveland in 1816 was
made in writing by the late Leonard Case, who first
came to the village on the second day of August, in
that year. From this document, for the use of which
we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Williamson,
we select the principal points. The only streets
cleared were Superior, west of the square, Euclid
street (or more properly the Euclid road), which was
made passable for teams, and a part of Ontario street.
Water street was a mere winding path in the bushes.
Vineyard lane and Union lane were paths running
down to the river. Mandrake lane was all woods,
none of it being worked. Seneca and Bank streets
were all woods. Ontario street, north of the square,
Superior street, east of it, Wood, Bond and Erie

streets were all in a state of nature. Ontario street,
south of the square to the site of the market, and
thence along the line of Broadway, was open for
travel, as that was the road to the thriving village of
Newburg. There was also the Kinsman road (now
Woodland avenue), but that was entirely out of town.
-Neai'ly all the ground between the hill and the
river was what Mr. Case designates as swamp, with
occasional pieces of pasture land. On the hill there
were the improved lots along Superior street, and
north of it the rye-field of ten acres, also mentioned
by Mrs. Scovill. Levi Johnson had a field where the
City Hospital now is. The rest of the land covering
all between St. Clair and Lake streets, and most of
that between Superior and St. Clair, and running
east to Erie street, was in brush or slashing; the
larger timber having been cut down for use and the
rest left standing. It afforded considerable pasturage
to the cattle of the villagers, and the children found
large quantities of strawb'erries there.

South of the gardens on Superior street, as far east
as lot eighty, the land was also a brush pasture. Up
along the high banks as far as the Walworth farm
on the road to Newbui'g there was more woods and
less pasture. East of Pittsburg street, (the Newburg
road,) all was woods with occasional patches of brush.

Mr. Case also gives an account of all the inhabit-
ants, though our space will not permit us to go so
fully into detail as he does. On Superior street there
were Noble H. Merwin, his wife Minerva, his clerk,
William Ingersoll, and his boarders, Thomas 0.
Young, Philo Scovill, Leonai'd Case and others; Hi-
ram Hanchett, his wife Mary and five children; Silas
Walsworth and wife; James Gear and wife, (the last
two named men were hatters;) Darius B. Henderson,
his wife Sophia and their daugliter; Dr. David Long,
his wife Juliana and two children; A. W. Walworth,
postmaster and collector; Daniel Kelley and his sons
Joseph R., Alfred, Thomas M. and Irad, of whom
J. E. and Irad were merchants in company; Almon
Kingsbury, who was carrying on a store in company
with his father James Kingsbury; Pliny Mowry, who
kept tavern on the site of the Forest City House; Hor-
ace Perry and his wife Abigail; Abram Hickox, the
blacksmith, and his family; Levi Johnson and his wife
Margaret; Amasa Bailey; Christopher Gun, who kept
the ferry; George Pease; Phineas Shepard, who kept
tavsrn in the old Carter building, part log and part
frame; Nathan Perry and his wife Paulina (the former
being the owner of a store, with a good assortment);
John Aughenbaugh and family (butcher); one negro
family (name unknown); Dr. Daniel 0. Hoyt, who
soon moved to Wooster; Geo. Wallace (tavern keeper),
his wife Harriet and four children, and his boarders,
James Root, S. S. Dudley, H. Willman, William Gay-
lord and C. Belden; Asahel Abell, cabinet maker;
David Burroughs, Sr., and Jr., blacksmiths.

On Water street there were Samuel and Mathew
Williamson, tanners; Maj, Carter's widow, on the bank
of the hill; John Burtiss, brewer and vessel builder;

238

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

John A. Ackley and family; Dr. Donald MGlntosh;
William C. Johnson (lake captain) and family; Harpin
Johnson (lake captain) and family. Alonzo Carter
was then living on the west side of the river, and his
appears to have been the only family there.

Those who came somewhat later the same season
were Luther M. Parsons, Moses White, James Hynd-
man, Abram Winston, Chas. Frisbee, Sherman Peck,
G-eorge G. Hills, Eleazer Waterman, Daniel Jones,
Orlando Cutter and Thomas Eumage.

Mr. Moses White, one of the newcomers, is still a
resident of the city and gives a similar description of
the primitive village. He mentions a little new school
house where the Kennard House now stands. It was
eighteen feet by twenty-eight, with a stone chimney.
Mr. White put up a tailor's shop the next year, it
being the first in Cleveland. When he wanted to get
it painted he had to go to Newburg for a painter.
There were two stores there and about twenty-five
houses. Daniel, Theodore and Erastus Miles and Al-
lan Gaylord were among the principal citizens. Also
Aaron Shepard, Gains Burke and his brothers, and N.
Bates. It was hardly as large as Cleveland, but was
surrounded by a more flourishing country. Letters
used to come, directed to "M. White, Cleveland, six
miles from Newburg, Ohio.

Bilious fever, as well as fever and ague, was still
prevalent here, and at the rival port of Buffalo they
told Mr. White that if he came to Cleveland he would
not live over night. But he did live and the town
lived, too. The relics of Fort Huntington, erected
during the war, were still standing, between Seneca
and Ontario streets, but soon disappeared.

The Euclid road did not originally come to the
Public Square but stopped at Huron street. As there
were no improvements in the way, however, the peo-
ple traveled on to the square, and soon after the incor-
poration of the village, the road or street was extended
along the same line.* In order to strike the corner of
the square, it was necessary to make a slight angle at
the junction of Huron street. It would hardly be
noticed by the casual traveler, but may easily be seen
on careful observation. Bond and Wood streets, and
a street around the square were laid out at the same
time. The total assessed valuation of the whole
original plat of the village, in 1816, was twenty-one
thousand and sixty-five dollars.

Down to this time all the warehouses had been of
logs. In 1817, Leonard Case and Captain William
Gaylord built the first framed one, on the river, north
of St. Clair street. Soon afterwards Levi Johnson
and Dr. David Long built another framed warehouse,
below Case and Gaylord's, and, ere long, still another
was built near it by John Blair. Between Blair's
warehouse and Murray's log one was an impassable
marsh.

About 1817 Abel R. Garlick came and began cut-
ting stone on Bank street. He obtained a fine-

*Some make the date later, but the weight of evidence is in favor of the
period mentioned.

grained, blue sandstone from Newburg. Ere long a
mill was erected at the quarry on Mill creek (New-
burg) below the falls, where the stone was sawed, as
it now is at Berea and elsewhere, into slabs for use.
This was the first establishment of the kind in the
county.

About this time (1817) Mr. Josiah Barber, one of
the proprietors of land on the West Side, established a
store there, and offered inducements to persons to pur-
chase and settle there. Phineas Shepherd moved ovet
and went to keeping tavern. He had possibly done
so as early as 1816. There were already clearings
back in what is now the township of Brooklyn, but
none near the mouth of the Cuyahoga, except Alonzo
Carter's place, until the time in question. Another
account gives the date of Mr. Barber's movement as
late as 1819.

The Commercial Bank of Lake Erie had been
started in 1816, with Leonard Case as cashier, but
there was hardly business enough to support it and
it went down in 1819. It, however, revived and went
on.

The prominent arrivals of 1818 were Orlando Cut-
ter, who began business with a stock of twenty thou-
I sand dollars, then considered an immense amount;
Samuel Cowles, a lawyer and business man, and
Eeuben Wood, also a lawyer, who afterwards became
governor of the State. At this time James Kings-
bury sold to Leonard Case five acres where the post
office and neighboring buildings now stand, for one
hundred dollars per acre, which was then considered
a good price. Another gentleman who came in that
year died during the present one, at the age of ninety-
one. This was Ansel Young, who settled at Doan's
Corners, where he was long known to the general
public as the only maker of almanacs in this region,
and to his acquaintances as a man of marked scien-
tific acquirements, and as the intimate friend of the
eminent historian, Jared Sparks.

We have noticed in the general history the arrival
of the first steamboat, the renowned "Walk-in-the-
Water," and the establishment of the first newspaper,
the Register, in 1818, and the second one, the Herald,
in 1819. One of the earliest issiies of the latter sheet
had an article satirizing the fever and ague, which
was still the great bugbear of this region. It ran as
follows:

" Agueagueshakeshakb,

The god of Lake Erie,

Takes this opportunity to announce his high satis-
faction for the devotion offered at his shrine by the
new converts on the shores of his dominion. He
would feel much pleasure could he continue his resi-
dence through the winter, but, having lately experi-
enced much rough handling from his enemy. Jack
Frost, the Demon of the Forest, he is now under the
necessity of holding his court among the alcoves of
Erie, among his liege subjects, the Muscalonges and
Catfish. On the 4th day of July next, he will remove

THE VILLAOxE PROM 1815 TO 18^5.

his court to the highlands of the Cuyahoga, and,
as he hopes, with force to drive old Jack into the
lake, and continue his land dominion for many a
good year to come."

Among other things, we learn from the Herald of
1819, that Ephraim Hubbel was then putting up two
carding machines at the mills at Newbuyg, and would
soon do carding for six and a fourth cents a pound;
that Dr. David Long was selling salt, plaster, iron,
buffab robes, etc. ; that Merritt Seoley had purchased
the stock of Orlando Cutter; that S. S. Dudley sold
goods, and took bills of the bank of Cleveland and
similar financial institutions; that E. Childs was sel-
ling fanning-mills; that John B. Morgan was making
wagons, and that H. Eoote was keeping a book store.

In 1830 that well-known citizen, Peter M. Weddell,
established himself in Cleveland; engaging in mer-
cantile pursuits, and by his energy and enterprise
contributing largely to the welfare of the slowly-grow-
ing village.

Another newcomer of 1830, less prominent than
Mr. Weddell, but still a very active citizen, was Mi-
chael Spangler, who began to keep the " Commercial
CofEee-House," previously the Wallace stand, where
be remained twelve years. From his widow we have
obtained some items regarding the period in question.
Mr. and Mrs. Spangler being of Pennsylvania-Ger-
man extraction, the farmers of that blood, ol whom
there were many in northern Ohio, used generally to
stop at the " Cofiee House " when they came into
town with their flour and other products. There
were many other travelers, too, especially in the spring
and autumn; and sometimes, when the opening of
navigation was unexpectedly delayed, people would be
compelled to stay at the Cleveland hotels two or three
weeks, waiting for the boats to run.

Religious advantages were few. An Episcopal
Church (Trinity) had been organized as early as 1816,
but there were only occasional services by a minister.
In 1830 a few res^idents engaged the Rev. Randolph
Stone, pastor of a Presbyterian Church in Ashtabula
county, to give one-third of his time to Cleveland,
and in June of that year the Fir^t Presbyterian
church was organized with fourteen members. •

Even this late, the place seems to have been some-
times pretty well blocked up in the winter. The
Herald, of January 18, 1830, announced that there
was no news from Columbus; no mail having arrived
since the issue of the paper a week before.

The very first that we hear of theatrical represen-
tations at Cleveland is in the winter of 1830, when an
entertainment was advertised which certainly offered
sufficient variety— including as it did the comic opera
entitled "The Purse, or the Benevolent Tar;" scenes
from "The Stranger;" and "The Village Lawyer;"
concluding with a "Dwarf Dance;" and all for the
sum of fifty cents— children haH price. By this time
Newburg, which had long kept up a rivalry with
Cleveland, began to fall behind in the race. Still
Cleveland grew but slowly, and some zealous New-

burgers thought that something might yet happen to
give their village the advantage. John Bi-ook owned
the gristmill there in 1830, and Harrison Danche
was another well-known resident. Among the young
men of that place at an early day were the three
brothers Caleb, Ashbel and Youngs Morgan, all still
residents in that part of the city.

It was about 1830 that while sevej,'al men, resident
near Doan's Corners, were riding back from the vil-
lage one evening, a limb fell from a forest tree near
the present corner of Willson and Euclid avenues,
breaking the leg of one of the men, named Coles,
who afterwards died of the injury. There were then
a few clearings between WiHson avenue and the Cor-
ners, but it was all woods from that avenue to Erie
street.

Deer were common in the forest on both sides of
the Euclid road in 1830 and as late as 1835. Captain
Lewis Dibble says that when the young men wanted
some fun three or four would go with their rifles to
watch at the shore of the lake; another would range
the woods on the tract now in the central or eastern
part of the city with hounds, and would almost al-
ways start one within an hour. He would almost in-
variably head for the lake, and was very fortunate if
he escaped the waiting riflemen. Soimetimes one
would swim out far into the lake and then return;
landing a mile or more from the place where he en-
tered.

Wolves, though thick in some parts of the county,
had disappe^^red from the present territory of the city
before this period, but bears were occasionally seen,
though very seldom.

Ip 1833 Willman White and S. J. Hamlin as con-
tractors, built the first bridge over the Cuyahoga at
Cleveland; Josiah Barber (west side), Philo Scovill
and Reuben Champion being the supervising com-
mittee. The citizens subscribed considerable amounts
to build it, and those who could not pay money fur-
nished wheat, rye, whisky, lumber, ^te.

There was plenty of business rivalry in those days,
and some bitterness over it; for in 1833 a mer-
chant advertised that all the goods mentioned in his
advertisement, could be found in his " small, white
store," notwithstanding the insinuations put forth
from the "large brick store," with so many displays
of superior advantages.

It was at this period, 1833, that a brick school
building, called the Cleveland Academy, was erected.
A school was opened in it immediately afterwards, and
for many years it was the pride of the village. Not
only was education earnestly desired, but other efforts
at mental improvement were made. The " Cleveland
Forum" was an institution of some permanence,
which met regularly during successive winters, to
practice debating and employ other moans of im-
provement.

In 1834 the first steamboat was built at Cleveland;
the "Enterprise" of two hundred and twenty tons
constructed by Levi Johnson.

240

THE CITY OV CLEVELAND.

By this time there was a small cluster of houses on
the west side, the locality being known with the rest
of the township by the uame of Brooklyn.

The bar at the mouth of the Cuyahoga prevented
any but small vessels from entering, and even these
often did so with difficulty. Large vessels lay to, and
were unloaded by means of yawls. The various ports
along the lake were all jealous of each otiier, and
sought to exaggerate the poorness of each other's
harbors. In 1825 the Sandusky Clarion declared that
the yawls which unloaded vessels at Cleveland had
lately stuck several times on the bar at the mouth of
the river. The Cleveland Herald retaliated by stat-
ing that canoes entering Sandusky Bay, had run
afoul of the catfish there, -and been detained until
the latter had their daily ague-fits, when the boats
were shaken off, and proceeded joyfully on their way.
On the fourth day of July, 1835, ground was broken
at Cleveland for the Ohio canal.

This was the turning point in the history of Cleve-
land. It had been twenty-five years since it was laid
out by Moses Cleaveland, with the design that it
should be the emporium' of the Western Eeserve, and
still it was only a small village. Hon. John W. Allen,
then a young law student, who came in 1825, estimates
the population of Cleveland, at that time, at about
five hundred inhabitants, and that of the village on
the west side, then known as Brooklyn, at about two
hundred. The actual beginning of work on the canal
attracted general attention to this point, and within
a year the population had rose to one thousand. Mr.
Allen, himself, who had come from the Bast to find a
growing town in which to make his home^ wrote back
that Cleveland was the most promising point for a city
that he had seen, and he accordingly entered himself
as a student in the ofiice of Samuel Cowles.

Of this new Cleveland, which has since that time,
notwithstanding occasional drawbacks, made such
rapid strides toward greatness, we will speak in the
succeeding chapters.

CHAPTEE XLVII.

FEOM 1825 TO THE CITY CHAETEH.
Less Attention to Individuals-First Appropriation for a Harbor— The
Fi.st Her-No Eesults-Another Appropriation-Major Maurice's
Plan-The Eiver Damned-An Angry " Serpent "-A New Channel-
Another Pier-Complete Success-Canal Opened-Disastrous Sick-
ness-Brooklyn ViUage-The First Lighthouse-Slow Increase-
Then very Rapid Progress-Old-fashioned Relics-The" Flush Times
—The Buffalo Company in Brooklyn- The Two City Charters— The
Dividing Line.

As, after 1825, the population of the thriving vil-
lage of Cleveland mounted in twelve years to a popu-
lation of some five thousand, and the place attained
the dignity of a city, we cannot henceforth give that
attention to individuals which we have previously
given, but must confine ourselves in this continuons
sketch to a condensed statement of the principal
events; although a large portion of the more active

citizens will necessarily be noticed more or less,
farther on, in our account of the numerous organiza-
tions of the city.

If Cleveland was really to be a great commercial
city, the first and most necessary object for it to at-
tain was a harbor. We are indebted to Col. Whit-
tlesey's "Fugitive Essays" for an account of the
early efforts in that direction. In the session of
1824-5 Congress granted $5,000 to construct aharbor
at Cleveland. It was confided to Ashbel Walworth,
then collector of the port, without instructions, and
without any survey being made by the government
officers. Mr. Walworth was full of zeal, but had no
knowledge, theoretical or practical, about harbor-
building. As the northeast winds predominated, how.
ever, driving the sand to the west to such an extent
that by successive encroachments the mouth of the
river had been gradually forced westward, and the
water entered the lake in an oblique direction, Mr.
Walworth and those whom he consulted, naturally
thought that the proper thing to do was to build a
pier into the lake east of the mouth, so as to stop the
drift from the east; it being supposed that the force
of the water would then keep the channel clear.

Accordingly, in the summer of 1825, the five thou-
sand dollars was expended in building a pier six hund-
red feet into the lake, nearly at right angles with the
shore, (north, thirty-two degrees west), beginning
forty rods east of the east bank of the river at its
mouth. Strange as it must have seemed to those who
are always boasting of the infallibility of " common
sense," the eminently common-sense method em-
ployed in building the pier produced no benefical re-
sults whatever. No increase in the depth of the
channel could be observed, and when the sand was
cut out, it filled up again with the same rapidity as
before. At one time there was actually a bar of al-
most dry sand across the mouth of the port of Cnyar
hoga.

In the autumn of 1825 a meeting of the citizens
was held, a hundred and fifty dollars was raised to
pay expenses, and Mr. Walworth was sent to Wash-
ington to solicit another appropriation. As there
were only thirty or forty yearly arrivals of vessels at
the port of Cuyahoga, Congress was not favorable to
the application. Hon. Elisha Whittlesey who so long
and ably represented in Congress the Western Eeserve
district, of which Cuyahoga county was then a part,
heartily seconded the efforts of Mr. Walworth, and
after a long struggle Congi-ess appropriated ten thou-
sand dollars more for a harbor at Cleveland, though
not in time to be used in the summer of 1826.

In the spring of 1837, Major T. AV. Maurice, of the
United States engineer corps, arrived at Cleveland,
made a survey and reported a plan which was adopted
by the government. It was determined that the river
should be made to empty into the lake east of the
Walworth pier, and that another pier should be con-
structed still east of that; the channel being com-
pelled to flow out into the lake between the two struc-

^.^ia.

'/f^^'-i'-^uj/

fe^^t-

FROM 1825 TO THE CITY CHARTER.

241

tures. Major Maurice accordingly ordered a dam to
be built across the river opposite the south end of the
Walworth pier. This occupied the season. In the
fall the dam was closed.

These proceedings of course materially interfered
with ordinary business, and many of the lake captains
were very angry. They thought the plan an absurd
one, and roundly abused the works and workmen.
The schooner " Lake Serpent " entered the river, and
found itself shut in between the dam and the bar.
The captain was obliged to hire men to dig a tempo-
rary channel through the bar in order to get out on
the voyage for which he had arranged. He was furious
with rage, and swore he only wanted a lease of life
until that nonsensical plan succeeded.

When the fall rains came on, the river rapidly rose.
Men were then employed with picks and spades, oxen
and scrapers, to make a trench across the isthmus from
the river to the lake. As soon as a small opening
was made the river broke through, and by the time
the flood subsided there was two feet of water in the
new channel, which was constantly enlarging. When
the " Lake Serpent " came back from its trip it could
easily enter the river by the new route. The old
channel soon filled up; yet it remained the dividing
line between the townships of Cleveland and Brook-
lyn, so that there were several acres of Cleveland on
the west side of the river.

The next spring the eastern pier was begun, but
was not completed that year. Without attempting
to follow all the details of the work, suffice it to say
that Major Maurice's plan was completely successful,
and a permanent and excellent harbor was the result.
The work was not done for ten thousand dollars, how-
ever. Both the piers were carried back through the
sandy shore to the riTcr, and were also extended into
the lake, by means of successive appropriations, much
beyond their original length. In fact the work was
not closed until 1840, by which time the sum of sev-
enty-seven thousand dollars had been expended.

In 1827 the canal was opened for navigation from
Cleveland to Akron, and the Clevelauders became
more confident than ever of the great future before
them; a confidence justified by the rapid increase
of population. Unfortunately, however, the canal
brought serious evils as well as benefits. The throw-
ing up of so much malarious soil was the cause of a
very disastrous period of sickness, extending through
1827 and 1828. Fever and ague and billions fever
were the prevailing diseases. The former weakened
the systems and shattered the constitutions of its vic-
tims; so that when the latter attacked them it proved
fatal to an extraordinary degree, especially among the
laborers residing on the bank of the canal. When
the tow-path was raised, several years later, numerous
skeletons were found of those who had been buried
where they died, beside the malarious ditch which
had caused their death.

The village of Brooklyn, which, it will be remem-
bered, then lay directly across the river from Cleve-

land, though as yet but a hamlet, still made consider-
able progress, and the establishment of a new store
there by H. Pelton, "a, few doors north of J. Bar-
ber's," was one of the events of 1827.

In the spring of 1828, what is now one of the prin-
cipal interests of the city, the iron business, was in-
augurated by John Ballard & Co., who then put their
new iron foundry in operation.

The same year witnessed the introduction of the
agent by means of which alone could the iron busi-
ness be carried on to any great extent, and which is
also employed for a thousand other uses in our mod-
ern life. In the year named, Henry Newberry, father
of Professor Newberry, of Cleveland, shipped to that
place a few tons of coal from his land near the canal.
Part of it was put on a wagon and hawked about
town; the attention of the leading citizens being
called to its good qualities. But no one wanted it.
Wood was plenty and cheap, and the neat housewives
of Cleveland especially objected to the dismal appear-
ance and dirt-creating qualities of the new fuel.

Once in a while a man would take a little as a gift,
but, after the wagon had been driven around Cleve-
land all day, not a single purchaser had been found.
At length, near nightfall, Mr. Philo Scovill, who was
then keeping the hotel known as the Franklin House,
was persuaded to buy some, for which he found use
by putting grates in his bar-room stove. Such was
the beginning of the coal-business in Cleveland. The
new fuel soon found favor, for the small manufac-
turing and mechanical industries of the period, and
large shipments were ere long made on the canal, but
it was long before the matrons of Cleveland would
tolerate it in private residences.

In 1830 the United States built the first light-house
at Cleveland, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. It
was situated on the bluff, at the north end of Water
street; the land being a hundred and thirty-five feet
above the level of the lake.

From 1826 to 1830 the village did not increase very
rapidly; the prevailing sickness neutralizing the bene-
fits conferred by the canal. In the latter year Cleve-
land, Columbus and Dayton each had between a
thousand and eleven hundred inhabitants.

But after 1830 the sickness abated. The canal was
then complete throughout its whole length; business
was brisk all over the country, and the population of
Cleveland advanced at a very rapid rate. By 1833 it
had reached two thousand five hundred. At this
period, after 1830, the common council ordered the
grading of some of the principal streets — Superior,
Ontario and one or two others.

Down to 1830 the population had not extended
eastward beyond Erie street, which was the eastern
limit of the corporation, but it now began to overgrow
that boundary and spread along Euclid and Superior
streets.

Things still had rather an old-fashioned, country-
like appearance. Mr. W. A. Wing, now of Strongs-
ville, says that when he came to Cleveland, in 1834,

242

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

there was a big guide-board at the junction of On-
tario street with the Public Square, which told the
distances to Painesville, Erie and Buffalo on the east,
to Portsmouth on the Ohio river on the south, and to
Detroit on the west. Old fashioned swing-signs were
also in use before at least a portion of the hotels.

But the days of smartness and cityhood were com-
ing quite fast enough. The population increased with
rapid strides, and in 1835, according to an informal
census then taken, it was found that the residents of
Cleveland numbered five thousand and eighty. It had
more than doubled in two years. Business was brisk
to an extraordinary degree, owing to the vast amount
of paper money in circulation, nominally redeemable
in cash, but practically irredeemable on account of the
general worthlessness of the security. Every one was
ready for any enterprise or speculation which offered.
These were the celebrated "flush times," of which
considerable has been said in the general history of the
county.

Meanwhile the village of Brooklyn, though far be-
hind Cleveland in size, had dui-ing'the last five or six
years made almost as rapid progress as the latter
place. An organization, commonly known as the
Buffalo company, had in 1831 bought a large tract of
land on the west side of the river, had laid it out in
streets and lots, and had pushed forward improve-
ments at a rapid pace. In the beginning of 1836,
when Cleveland was estimated to have nearly six
thousand inhabitants, the population of the village of
Brooklyn was calculated at two thousand.

By this time the people of both villages were fully
persuaded that they could afford to indulge in the
advantages and glories of a city government. The
benefits to be derived from a union of the rival
interests on the two sides of the river were also appre-
ciated to some extent, and an effort was made to pro-
cure a city charter covering both villages. But the
rivalry was so great — the people on each side wanted
so much, and were willing to accord so little — that
the plan fell through.

The leading men on both sides then turned their
efforts to obtain separate charters from the legislature.
Either through superior adroitness or from mere
chance, but certainly to the intense disgust and mor-
tification of the more numerous Clevelanders, the
Brooklyn people succeeded first, and on the third
day of May, 1836, obtained a charter under the name
of Ohio City, while it was not till the eighth of the
same month that Cleveland became the possessor of
city honors.

The dividing line between the two cities, unlike
that between the townships, followed the new channel
of the river, erected in 1827, so that the the tract of
about seven acres, between the new and old channels,
was in Ohio City, but in the township of Cleveland,
and so remained until the township organization was
abandoned.

CHAPTER XLVIII.

AW OUTLINE OF LATEK YEARS.

Climax of the Land Speculation— Improvements— Number of Arrivals
of Vessels— A Break in the Tide— Great Disaster— No Progress until
1S40— First Important Iron Works— Paving— Prospei ity in 1840— Over-
flowing Hotels— The Weddell— The Free High School— Spreading out
—Love of Clevelanders for Room— Euclid Avenue— Population in 1850
—A Commercial City— Union of Cleveland and Ohio City— Cleveland in
the War- -It becomes a Manufacturing City— Annexation of East
Cleveland— Of Newburg and other Tracts— Depression and Revival—
Concluding Remarks.

The year 1836 saw the climax of the great land spec-
ulation, which had been raging with such extraordi-
nary violence for three or four years throughout the
country, and especially along the great line of emi-
igration, extending from the East to the West, which
passed along the southern shore of Lake Erie. City
lots doubled, trebled, quadrupled in price in the
course of a few months, and each successive advance
seemed a new evidence of prosperity and a new reason
for higher prices.

The authorities of the new-born city were quite
willing to exercise their power, to improve and beau-
tify the tract committed to their charge. The grad-
ing of streets, etc., went on with great vigor. Mr.
Wing, before mentioned, graded Pittsburg street,
(now Broadway,) in 1836, previously a mere country
road. That year or the next he took a contract,
which he sublet, to grade the public square, which
until that time had been more like an ordinary cow-
pasture than like a city park.

In Ohio City, too, all was excitement and progress.
That year the city authorities built a canal, beginning
in the Cuyahoga, opposite the termination of the
Ohio canal, and running through the marsh into the
old river bed. Tliey did not succeed in making a
new harbor, as they apparently hoped, but the basin
thus reached was sometimes used for keeping vessels.

From March 15 to November 28, 1836, the number
of sloops, schooners, brigs and ships arriving with
cargoes at the port of Cuyahoga was nine hundred and
eleven, while the number of arrivals of steamboats,
with passengers, was nine hundred and ninety; an
enormous aggregate, when we consider that it was
only sixteen years since the first steamboat had ap-
peared on the waters of Lake Erie, and only eleven
years since the whole number of arrivals, of every
description, was but from forty to fifty.

In the latter part of 1836 there was a break in the
tide of apparent prosperity which had been sweeping
on so gaily for the previous five years. Banks began
to break, private fortunes began to collapse, and the
fair fabric of inflation trembled and tottered beneath
the chilling blasts of reality. But the people could
not believe that the immense fortunes which they
had built up for themselves out of their imagina-
tions, with no more real basis than worthless paper
money, could all vanish when their value was tested,
and they still clung with desperate tenacity to the
high prices which speculation had placed upon all

AN OUTLINE OF LATER YEARS.

243

kinds of property. It was all in vain, however, and
the next year (1837) saw the complete collapse of the
inflation balloon, and the full inauguration of the
" Hard Times" par excellence, the most disastrous
period, financially, ever passed through by the people
of the United States.

Cleveland, however, presented one exception to the
general rule in Western cities. The Bank of Lake
Erie did not break down under the stress of disaster.
A host of its customers did, however. It was com-
pelled to take land in payment of the debts due it, and
became the largest landholder in the city. In 1842
its charter expired and it wound up its business.

There was no increase of population from 1836 to
1840. The number, according to the census of the
latter year, in the township of Cleveland, was seven
thousand and thirty-seven; of which about a thousand
was outside the city. After that year the disheart-
ened people began to take new courage, and engage
again in business enterprises. William A. Otis estab-
lished iron works, the first of any considerable con-
sequence in the city. Several thousand tons of coal
were by this time received every year, and Cleveland
soon began to make considerable progress as a manu-
facturing place.

About 1842 the first attempts at paving were made,
on Superior street, between the square and the river,
and also on River street; that is if it could be called
paving to place heavy planks crosswise of the street
to keep wagons out of the mud. When these became
warped and loosened, and partly worn out, as they
soon did, they were a most unmitigated nuisance.
On River street the water sometimes rose and floated
them off into the Cuyahoga. An effort was then
made to pave the principal streets with limestone,
but this crumbled too easily, and it was soon found
that it would not answer. Medina sandstone was
next tried, and as- this was found to answer all the
conditions of a good paving-stone it was permanently
retained. By 1845 the city was again in the full
tide of prosperity, accompanied by far more solidity
than characterized it in the flush times ten years be-
fore. In that year, 1845, the population of Cleveland
was nine thousand four hundred and seventy-three;
that of Ohio City, two thousand four hundred and
sixty-two.

The entertainment of travelers formed a consider-
able part of the business down to the time of the con-
struction of railroads; the hotels often overflowing
with people waiting for steamers, or just landed from
steamers, to an extent scarcely ever known at the pres-
ent time. The Weddell House was built in 1845 and
'46 and at once took the position of the foremost ho-
tel in the city.

The interests of religion were not suffered to lan-
guish, as will be seen by the sketches of the numerous
churches which sprang up at this period; and as to
education, Cleveland was probably abreast of any
other place of its size in the country. The Cleveland
Free High School, established in 1846, was the flrst

institution of the kind in the State, and one of the
very first in the whole Union.

All this time the population of Ohio City was stead-
ily spreading westward and northward, and that of
Cleveland eastward and southward. By 1848 the ex-
treme eastern limit had reached to Clinton street.
The characteristics impressed on the city by its foun-
ders, when the tract was laid off in lots of two acres
each, still showed themselves. The people having
from the first acquired a taste for large and roomy
locations, they almost all declined to be shut up in
close brick blocks, but insisted on having separate
houses, each with its own piece of land. The rich
had fine mansions, with lawns and orchards about
them; those of more moderate means had substantial
houses with ample gardens; the poor had cottages
with small yards; but nearly everybody had breathing
room. Of course this involved a good deal of travel
to and from places of business, and a large outlay for
paving, street lighting, etc., but there is no doubt
that these inconveniences and expenses were far more
than made good by the increase of home comforts and
the superior healthfulness of the place. It was at
this period that the Euclid road, then become Euclid
street, began to take on the characteristics which have
since made it celebrated throughout the country. The
land rose from the lake to within a short distance from
the street, then fell as far as the line of the street and
then rose gently to the southward. Somewhat singu-
larly, both the ridge and the depression occupied by
bhe street ran almost due east from the public square
for two miles, and then with a small variation ran
two miles farther to "Doan's Corners.

The wealthy residents of the city early found that
hhey could make extremely pleasant homes by taking
ample ground on the ridge in question, and building
their houses on its summit; leaving a space of from
ten to twenty rods between them and the street. The
fashion, once adopted by a few, was speedily followed
by others, and a residence on Euclid street, with a
front yard of from two to five acres, soon became one
of the prominent objects of a Clevelander's ambition.
Some fine residences were also built on the south side
of the street, but not near as many as on the north
aide.

The population of Cleveland had risen in 1850 to
seventeen thousand and thirty-four; that of Ohio
City to three thousand nine hundred and fifty.

All this time Cleveland was pre-eminently a com-
mercial city; its chief business being to receive produce
from northern Ohio and ship it to the Bast, to trans-
mit Eastern goods to the agricultural regions, and to
send on to the West the immense number of emigrants
and others who sought that land of promise. The
building of the railroads mentioned in the general
history, which marked the era between 1850 and 1855,
did not change the character of the business but
greatly widened its operations.

An attempt was made in 1852 to make Cleveland
the manufacturing place of a large amount of copper,

244

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

to be brought from Lake Superior, but it did not suc-
ceed.

Meanwhile it had become evident to a large ma-
jority of the people of both cities that the interests of
Cleveland and Ohio City required a union under one
corporation. Negotiations wei-e set on foot and con-
ckided, and a formal agreement was made, in accord-
ance with the law, between commissioners appointed
by the common councils of the two cities. Those on
the part of Cleveland were W. A. Otis, H. V. Will-
son and F. T. Backus; those on the part of Ohio
City were W. B. Castle, N. M. Standart and C. S.
Rhodes. It was agreed that the four wards of Ohio
City,' (or rather the city of Ohio as it was called in all
legal proceedings) should constitute the eighth, ninth,
tenth and eleventh wards of Cleveland; that the wards
should never be changed so but that the west side
should always have as large a proportion of the num-
ber of wards as it had of the population; that the
property of each city should belong to the joint cor-
poration, and that that corporation should bej-espon-
. sible for the debts of both.

The proposition to unite was submitted to the voters
of the two cities on the first Monday of April, 1854.
.It received in Cleveland one thousand, eight hundred
and ninety-two yeas and four hundred nays; in Ohio
City, six hundred and eighteen yeas and two hundred
and fifty-eight nays. The formal ordinance of union,
in accordance with this vote, was passed by the coun-
cil of Cleveland on the 5th of June, 1854, and by that
of the " City of Ohio " on the following day.

The prosperity of the united city was somewhat
checked by another financial crisis in 1857, but the
depression was slight indeed compared with that
which followed the crash of 1837. The population of
the two cities a little more than doubled during the
decade; that of the two cities having been twenty
thousand, nine hundred and eighty-four in 1850, and
that of the united city being forty-three thousand,
eight hundred and thirty-eight.

Of the part taken by Cleveland's gallant soldiers in
the war for life, which burst upon the country in 1861.
the story has been amply told in the chapters devoted
to the general history of the county. The effect
of the war on Cleveland was very greatly to develop
its manufactures. The iron business and the oil busi-
ness in particular sprang forward into immense pro-
portions, and it has been said, with but little exagger-
ation, that the war found Cleveland a commercial
city and left it a manufacturing city. Not that it
ceased to do a great deal of commercial business, but
the predominant interest had become the manufac-
turing ones. Accounts of some of the principal of
these are given farther on.

Meanwhile a large and thriving village had grown
up between Willson avenue, which formed the eastern
limit of the city, and the locality called in the old
accounts "Doan's Corners," but which for twenty

years had gone by the name of Bast Cleveland. This
was the name of the township which had been formed
from Cleveland and Euclid, and this was the appella-
tion given to the village just mentioned. Cleveland
was ready to absorb this extensive tract, and the tract
was ready to be absorbed. The'commissioners on tiie
part of the city were H. B. Payne, J. P. Eobison and
John Huntington; those on the part of the village
John B. Hurlbut, John W. Heisley and William A.
Neff. They agreed that Bast Cleveland should be-
come the sixteenth and seventeenth wards of Cleve-
land; and also that the high school of Bast Cleveland
should be maintained according to the system in use,
until changed by three-fourths of the common council
of the city, with the consent of half of the members
for the tract then annexed. The formal ordinance of
union was passed by the council of Cleveland on the
24th of October, and by that of Bast Cleveland on
the 29th of October, 1867.

With the advantage of this addition the census of
1870 showed a population of ninety-two thousand
eight hundred and twenty-eight.

Another large tract, comprising parts of the town-
ships of East Cleveland and Brooklyn, and extending
entirely around the city, was annexed in 1872; the
necessary ordinance being passed on the 19th of
November in that year, and the subsequent proceed-
ings being taken by the county commissioners. On
the 16th of September, 1873, still another absorbing
ordinance, also confirmed by the county commission-
ers, was passed, by which the village of Newburg, once
the rival of Cleveland, was summarily annexed to it,
and became the eighteenth ward of its former com-
petitor.

As there has been no census since that time it is '
impracticable to say how far Cleveland has mounted by
reason of its internal growth and these external ac-
cessions. Enthusiastic citizens put its population
considerably above a hundred and fifty thousand, but
probably the census of next June will show that the
number does not vary greatly from those figures. Of
course, like all the rest of the country, it has suffered
severely from the business depression of the five years
succeeding 1873, but it is one of the very first cities
in the country to catch the returning breezes, of pros-
perity, and its people may well look forward to along
career of commercial and manufacturing success.

We have thus sketched an outline history of Cleve-
land, from the laying out of its first streets in 1796,
to the present time. We have dwelt at considerable
length on the earlier history, regarding which this
sketch forms the only record in our work, but have
passed very cursorily over the later period, because
many chapters immediately following these are de-
voted to the separate institutions— churches, societies,
schools, etc., of chat period. To those we now invite
the attention of such of our readers as feel an interest
in the details of local history.

<is?^^^^

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUECHES.

345

CHAPTER XLIX.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUKCHES.*

Trinity— St. John's— Grace— St. Paul's— St. James'— Christ Church— St.
Mary's— Grace (Eighteenth Ward)— All Saints'— St. Mark's— Memorial
Church of the Good Shepherd— Emmanuel— St. Luke's.

TRINITY.

Tkinity parish was organized on tiie 9 th da,y of
November, 1816, at the residence of Phineas Shep-
herd. The communicants were Yory few. Darius
Cooper was chosen lay reader. There was then no
Episcopal clergyman, not even a missionary, in this
part of the State.

In March, 1817, Rev. Roger Searle, a clergyman
from Connecticut, visited Cleveland and reorganized
the parish; there being thirteen families and eleven
communicants. He repeated his visits and adminis-
tered the sacraments annually during the three suc-
ceeding years, but in the intermediate time the ser-
vices were conducted by a lay reader. Part of the
time at least they were held in Cleveland village.
The rite of confirmation was first administered by
Bishop Chase, in September, 1818. In 1830 the par-
ish was located in Brooklyn, where most of the effi-
cient members resided, but about 1833 it was moved
back to Cleveland. TJp to 1835 services were occa-
sionally held by Mr. Searle; in that year Rev. Silas C.
Freeman was installed as rector, but served at the
same time at Norwalk.

On the 13th of February, 1838, the parish was
legally incorporated; the following gentlemen being
named as wardens and vestrymen: Josiah Barber,
Phineas Shepherd, Charles Taylor, James S. Clark,
Sherlock J. Andrews, Levi Sargeant and John W.
Allen. The same year Mr. Freeman went East and
obtained a thousand dollars to aid in building a church
edifice. A framed house of worship was accordingly
begun in 1838, on the corner of Seneca and St. Clair
streets, and completed the following year, the total cost
being three thousand dollars. It was consecrated on
the 13th day of August, 1839, and was the first house
devoted to the worship of God in the present city of
Cleveland.

In 1830, Rev. Mr. McElroy succeeded Mr. Freeman,
being the first rector who gave his whole time to the
parish, for which he received an annual salary of four
hundred and fifty dollars. Thenceforward the par-
ish continued to grow in strength and influence, keep-
ing pace with the flourishing village and youthful city.

In 1853 the church lot, which had been bought for
two dollars and a half per foot, was sold for two hun-
dred and fifty dollars per foot, possession being
agreed to be delivered by the first day of May, 1854.
The building was destroyed by fire, however, before
that day arrived. In 1853 a large stone house of wor-
ship was begun on Superior street, near Bond.

The new edifice was nearly completed in 1854, be-

•The churches are arranged chronologically by denominations; each
denomination taking place according to the time when its first church
was formed and the churches of eafth denommation being also ar-
ranged according to the date of their organization.

ing consecrated on Ascension Day, 1855. In 1873
it was thoroughly refitted and elegantly decorated.
The extreme length of the edifice is one hundred and
forty feet, and the width, including the buttresses,
sixty-six feet. The tower, which rises from one of the
rear angles of the building, contains a cliime of nine
bells. Passing to the interior the visitor finds a nave
one hundred feet by fifty-two, connected with which
by a lofty arch is a chancel about twenty-five feet
square. Both nave and chancel are richly ornamented
in polychrome, and are lighted with stained-glass
windows. A valuable organ adds the charm of
music to the fit attractions of the place. The guild-
rooms, school-rooms and parsonage are on the same
lot with the church edifice.

The church is now in a highly flourishing condi-
tion, and numbers about three hundred and fifty
communicants. The Sunday school contains a hun-
dred and eighty scholars. The Guild of the Holy
Child and the Women's Guild are also efliective paro-
chial agencies. St. Peter's, St. James', and Ascension
Chapels, Trinity Church Home and the Children's
Home are institutions connected with the parish.

The following have been the rectors of Trinity since
Mr. McBlroy, with their years of service : Rev. W.
N. Lyster, 1833; Rev. Seth Davis, 1833; (1834, va-
cant); Rev. E. Boyden, 1835 to 1838; Rev. W. N.
Lyster, 1838;' Rev. David Burger, 1839; Rev. Richard
Bury, 1840 to 1846; Rev. S. Windsor, 1846 to 1853;
Rev. James A. Bolies, D.D., 1854 to 1860; Rev.
Thomas A. Starkey, D.D., 1860 to 1870; Rev. Charles
Breck, D.D., 1870 to 1873; Rev. W. B. McLaren,
D.D.,(now Bishop of Illinois,) 1873 to 1875; Rev.
John W. Brown, D.D., the present incumbent, in-
stalled in February, 1876.

The following are the present officials : Rev. John
W. Brown, D.D., rector; Rev. James A. Bolies, D.D.,
and Rev. W. T. Whitmarsh, assistant ministers;
Charles Ranney and Herbert C. Poote, lay readers;
Ansel Roberts, senior warden; Samuel L. Mather,
junior warden and treasurer; Bolivar Butts, secretary;
William J. Boardman, Rufus P. Spaulding, Jolin
Shelley, Bolivar Butts, Oliver H. Brooks, Orville B.
Skinner, Robert D. Lowe and John F. Whitelaw,

vestrymen.

ST. John's.

St. John's Church, on the West Side, was organ-
ized in 1834, but until 1836 public worship was held
in Columbus Block, in school-houses and in the houses
of members. In 1836 (Rev. Seth Davis being the
rector), the membership having reached a large num-
ber, the commodious stone church now in use, at
the corner of Church and Wall streets, was erected
at an original cost of seventeen thousand dollars.

For two years the congregation worshipped in the
basement; then, under the rectorship of Rev. S. R.
Crane, the audience-room was completed and furnished
with seats, the rector himself advancing the funds.
' The prosperity was shown by a confirmation class of
seventy the first year. In 1839 Rev. D. W. Tolford

246

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

followed Mr. Crane, and after a pastorate of three
years was himself followed by Eev. William Burton,
who supplied another three years of work. About
1848 he was succeeded by his brother, Eev. Lewis
Burton, D.D.

April 3, 1866, came a serious calamity in the par-
tial destruction of the church edifice by fire. This
necessitated an additional expense of about twenty-
five thousand dollars in rebuilding and improvements.

In 1871, after Eev. Dr. Burton's rectorship had
continued nearly a quarter of a century, his place was
filled by the present rector, Eev. J. Crockar White,
D.D. In 1875 the Sunday school had increased so
much as to outgrow its former quarters, and a beau-
tiful chapel was built at a cost of about seven thou-
sand dollars.

The .Sunday school now numbers, with its branch
at West Cleveland, fifty teachers and three hundi-ed
scholars, and is doing excellent work; among other
things supporting, at Kenyon College, Gambier, a
Japanese candinate for missionary work, at a cost of
four hundred dollar per year.

The church membership is now, (August, 1879,)
about two hundred and seventy.

The wardens are G. L. Chapman and C. L.
Eussell, and the vestrymen Thomas Axworthy, G. L.
Chapman, J. M. Ferris, M. A. Hanna, F. W. Pelton,
B. Sims, A. L. Withington (treasurer), and Howard
M. Ingham (clerk).

GRACE CHURCH.

The parish of Grace Church was organized July 0,
1845, at the residence of its rector, Eev. Kichard
Bury, by former members of Trinity Church. The
object of the organization was to provide additional
church accommodation. A lot was purcliased at a
cost of nine hundred dollars, on the corner of Erie
and Huron streets (then the eastern limits of the city),
oa which a substantial brick building, forty by a
hundred feet, was erected. This building cost about
ten thousand dollars. Subsequently a chapel was
built and a chancel added, (the latter as a memorial.)
These were erected under the supervision of a former
rector, Eev. Lawson Carter, who paid the larger por-
tion of the expense. The exact cost is not known,
but may be estimated at fifteen thousand dollars.

The style is gothic, and the interior, including
seats, chancel furniture and fixtures, are of solid oak.
It contains eight memorial windows, some of which
are of superior excellence in artistic design and col-
oring.

The names of the first vestrymen were A. A. Treat
and E. F. Punderson, wardens; H. A. Ackley, Moses
Kelley, J. F. Jenkins, S. Englehart, William Eich-
ards, John Powdl, Thomas Bolton and George P.
Marshall, vestrymen.

The several rectors, with their times of service,
have been as follows: Eev. Alexander Varian, from
May 25, 1846, to October 1, 1849. Eev. Timothy
Jarvis Carter, December 30, 1849, to November 15,

1853, when he died. His remains and those of his
wife are interred beneath the chancel. Eev. James
Cole Tracy succeeded and remained only fiye months.
Eev. Lawson Carter, from July 10, 1853, to July 10,
1860. Eevs. Gideon B. Perry, William A. Eich and Wil-
liam Allen Piskwere successively assistants under Mr.
Carter — the latter succeeding to the rectorship. Eev.
Alvah H. Washburn, from April 1, 1866, to Decem-
ber, 1877, when he died. Eev. G. G. Carter was soon
after elected rector, but declined to accept. He how-
ever continued the services until November 1, 1877,
when Eev. George W. Hinckle, the present rector,
assumed the charge.

The money to build Grace Church was subscribed
and donated on condition that the seats should re-
main forever free. This is supposed to have been
the second church (St. Peter's at Ashtabula being the
first) in this country to return to the primitive cus-
toms of free seats and weekly communion. It has
always been noted for its rigid adherence to the rubrics
and teachings of the Prayer Book, and its freedom
from sensational and doubtful expedients for main-
: taining the service; and is a noticeable fact, that the
practices and teaching which were at first strongly
objected to have since been generally adopted. The
founders and supporters of this parish have always
made special and unremitted efforts to furnish ac-
commodations and services to a class of persons who
for various reasons feel unwilling to attend other
churches.

ST. PAUL'S.

St. Paul's Church was organized October 26, 1846;
at which time forty-five persons associated themselves
as the ■' Parish of St. Paul's Church in the City of
Cleveland."

At a meeting held November 6, 1846, the following
named persons were elected wardens and vestrymen,
to serve until Easter Monday, 1847: D. W. Duty,
Aaron Clark, wardens; James Kellogg, H. L. Noble,
Moses Kelly, W. J. Warner, T. W. Morse, 0. A.
Brooks, Oliver Arey and Edward Shepard, vestrymen.

On the same day the vestry extended a call to
the Eev. Gideon B. Perry, D.D., to become rector of
the church. Dr. Perry accepted the call, and com-
menced services on the first Sunday in December,
1846. These services were celebrated in an upper
room of a building located on Superior street, near
Seneca, at which place the public worship of the
church was regularly held until January, 1851.

In March, 1848, a lot of ground on the corner of
Sheriff street and Euclid avenue was purchased for
two thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars, for the
erection of a church edifice, "to be built of wood, at
a cost not to exceed five thousand dollars." This
building when nearly finished, was destroyed by fire on
the 3d of August, 1849. The next day the vestry met,
and resolved to "build another church of brick and
stone on the same lot." A brick edifice was built at
a cost of seventeen thousq,ud one hundred and twenty-
eight dollars, not including spire or bell, which were

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.

347

added several years later. This church was opened
for divine service in January, 1851, the first sermon
being preached in it by Rev. Dr. Perry. In order to
-bring the parish, into exact conformity with then ex-
isting statute laws, it was re-organized in January,
1852, at which time three trustees were chosen, in
whom and their successors was vested the title to
the church property. On the 19th day of October,
the Rev. Dr. Perry resigned the rectorship of the
parish.

On the 31st of November, 1852, Rev. R. B. Claxton,
D.D., was called. He began work March 7, 1853,
and continued nearly seven years. Under his admin-
istration the church debt was liquidated, and the
church consecrated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Mcllvaine,
April 14, 1858. Dr. Claxton resigned November 4,
1859.

The Rev. Wilbur P. Paddock was next called as
rector in February, 1860. During his rectorship a
lot of ground was secured adjoining the church, upon
which a chapel was built, at the cost of six thousand
five hundred dollars. Dr. Paddock resigned in April,
1863.

In July, 1863, Rev. J. H. Rylance was called to
the parish. He resigned March 18, 1867. Rev. Dr.
Rylance was succeeded, November 15, 1867, by Rev.
Frederick Brooks, who assumed the duties of rector.
During his service the wardens and vestrymen of the
church were elected and constituted trustees and
clerk of the parish of St. Paul's church of Cleveland,
in accordance with the laws of the State of Ohio.

In 1874 the church property was sold for one hun-
dred and fifteen thousand dollars, and the services
were held in a rented building on Prospect street,
until the completion of the chapel on the corner of
Euclid and Case avenues.

Mr. -Brooks' rectorship ended in his accidental
death, September 15, 1874. His place was supplied
for several months thereafter by Rev. W. C. French,
D.D., and Rev. C. M. Sturgis. On May 16, 1875,
Rev. C. Maurice Wines was called. On July 2d, of
this year, the corner stone of the new edifice was laid
by the Rt. Rev. T. A. Jaggar, D.D., Bishop of
Southern Ohio, assisted by the rector and otlier clergy.
Rev. Mr. Wines resigned May 1, 1876, and was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. Nelson Somerville Rulison, who
assumed the duties of rector November 10, 1876,
and still performs them. On December 24, 1876, the
new church edifice was opened for public worship;
the entire cost of construction and appurtenances
being nearly one hundred and twenty-five thousand
dollars.

The register from October 26, 1846, to Easter, 1877,
shows eight hundred and fifty-eight baptisms; five
hundred and twenty-three confirmations; two huudred
and seventy-nine marriages, and four hundred and
fifteen burials. The present Church officers are:
Rev. Nelson Somerville Rulison, rector; Rev. W. C.
French, D.D., assistant minister; C. J. Comstock,
senior warden; J. H. Devereux, junior warden; Ze-

nas King, A. C. Armstrong, F. W. Hubby, H. C.
Ranney, George A. Tisdale, J. M. Adams, E. S.
Page,C. E. Stanley, vestrymen; C. E. Stanley, clerk
and treasurer.

ST. JAMES'.

St. James' Church stands on a large lot at the cor-
ner of Superior and Alabama streets; adjoining it
and on the same lot is a very commodious rectory.
The church edifice, a brick structure, is thirty-one
feet in width and sixty-five feet in length, exclusive
of the robing room.

The establishment of St. James' parish was mainly
the result of the labors of Rev. R. Bury, who, in con-
sequence of advanced age, resigned the rectorship in
1871. Under the charge of Rev. W. E. Toll, suc-
cessor of Mr. Bury, the church was largely increased
in membership. In July, 1874, Rev. J. J. A. Morgan
accepted a call to the pastorate, which position he
retained until Easter Sunday, 1879. Since this time
the vestry has connected the church with Trinity
Parish by calling its rector. Rev. J. W. Brown, D.D.,
to the rectorship of St. James'. Rev. W.T. Whitmarsh,
assistant rector of Trinity, has been placed in charge
of the parish. W. B. Lane is treasurer, and M.
Green clerk, of St. James' Church.

CHRIST CHURCH (GERMAN).

Christ Protestant Episcopal Church was organized
in 1868, as a mission of St. Paul's, with Rev. J. W.
C. Duerr, minister in charge. Services were held in
an upper room of the old "Knitting Mill" on Pitts-
burg street until the following autumn, when by per-
mission the society used St. Luke's Church. In
December, 1869, the mission was changed and regu-
larly incorporated as Christ Church and admitted
into convention of the diocese. By contribution, on
the part of the other Protestant Episcopal churches
and individual donations a house of worship was
built at a total cost of twelve thousand dollars, on
Orange street, corner Belmont, and consecrated No-
vember 19, 1871, by Bishop Bedell. The present
number of communicants is about two hundred.

The officers of the church are: J. W. C. Duerr,
rector; Wm. Hilscher, Conrad Schmitt, wardens;
John Stuber, Casher PfeflEer, Wm. Becker, Adolphus
Kaske, William and Augustus Orschekowski, vestry-
men.

GRACE CHURCH (EIGHTEENTH WARD).

Grace Church was organized in 1869, under the
ministerial charge of Rev. Frederick Brooks, rector of
St. Paul's. The early services were held in the old
Presbyterian Church building, which was subse-
quently purchased by the society of Grace Church,
and moved to its present location on the corner of
Harvard and Sawyer streets. Rev. Royal B. Baleom
was the second pastor, conducting the service in con-
nection with his regular duties as rector of St. Mary's
Church, and as such continued to the summer of
1871. At this time Rev. Stephen W. Garrett became

248

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

the rector of Grace Church, remaining until the falj
of 1874, when he was succeeded by Rev. Marniaduke
M. Dillon. In the latter part of 1878 Rev. Mr. Dil-
lon resigned his charge, and the parish of Grace Church
then became a mission; being now under the care of
Rev. Mr. Pittenger.

ST. MARY'S.

In 1863 Mr. S. N. Sanford, having associated with
him Mr. Levi Buttles, purchased the "Cleveland Fe-
male Seminary" and made of it a "Church School
for Girls." From that, date, and in consequence of
Mr. Sanford's acting as licensed lay reader for the
school, the desire grew to have a regular and per-
manent parochial organization, either in connection
with the scliool, or in its immediate vicinity. In 1868
this desire took shape. The rapid increase of popu-
lation in that section of the city necessitated action,
and therefore at a meeting held on the 35th day of
May, in that year, articles of association were signed
and the following wardens and vestrymen were elected:
S. N. Sanford, senior warden; Levi Buttles, junior
warden; Walter Blythe, Lorenzo E. Chapman, H. C.
Deming, J. W. Fawcett and F. W. Mason, vestrymen.

Efforts were at once made to secure the services of
a resident rector. The Eev. W. C. French, rector of
Christ Church, Oberlin, had acted for several years as
chaplain of the seminary. His services were free to
all who chose to attend, whether connected with
the school or not. Many persons were baptized and
confirmed. It was found impossible to secure a set-
tled pastor at once, and therefore regular services on
Sundays and week days were maintained, partly by
the assistance of Eev. Wm. F. B. Jackson, and partly
by lay-reading.

On Easter Monday, 1869, at the first regular annual
parish meeting, a vestry was chosen for the year com-
posed as before, with the exception that F. W. Mason's
place was filled by James Withycombe. On the 2d of
June, the same year, the parish was admitted into
union with the Convention of the Diocese of Ohio,
at its session, in All Saints', Portsmouth.

On the 5th day of September, 1869, the Rev. Royal
B. Balcom was called to the rectorship, accepted the
same and entered upon his duties the 26th day of the
same month, having also temporary charge of a mis-
sionary work of the church at Newburg.

The corner stone of the church building was laid
by Bishop Bedell on the 29 th of September of this
same year. The edifice was opened for Divine worship
March 20, 1870, and the church has gone on ever since
in its work, both temporal and spiritual, proving a
blessing to the neighborhood. Yearly additions have
been made to the roll of communicants, and consid-
erably over two hundred have been made members of
Christ's Church in holy baptism. In 1872 a very fine
organ was placed in the church as a memorial.

The Eev. Mr. Balcom resigned in 1872 and the Rev,
J. J. A. Morgan succeeded to the work. He remained
rector for eighteen months and was followed by the

Rev. Frank M. Hall who, in turn, was succeeded by
the Rev. J. Sydney Kent, the present rector.

The Sunday school has a superintendent, seventeen
teachers and one hundred and eighty scholars.

St. Mary's Guild has a president, vice president,
secretary and treasurer, with about forty members.
The organization of the Guild was made in July, 1879,
and the entire lay-work of the parish will be carried
on under its name and rules.

ALL saints'.

All Saints' Church is situated on the south side of
Vega avenue, a few doors east of Columbus street.

Beginning with the summer of 1855, services were
held in that neighborhood by several of the clergy of
Cleveland, but especially by the Rev. Lewis Burton,
D.D., rector of St. John's Church. In 1868, on the
first Sunday in April, the North Brooklyn Union
Sunday School by reorganization became Episcopal,
and connected itself as a mission school with St.
John's Church. In this same year the first subscrip-
tion was made for the purpose of building a church.

During the winter of 1869-70 semi-monthly cottage
lectures and Sunday services were held by Dr. Burton
at the residence of Mr. James Craig, in the school-
house at the corner of Wade avenue and Mill street,
and in the Hights' Congregational Church.

So much interest was awakened by the labors of
Dr. Burton, that on the 5th of May, 1870, he was able
to lay the corner-stone of the present church building.
On the 31st of July, in the same year, the building was
opened with appropriate services, under the name of
All Saints' Chapel. From August 1st regular servi-
ces were held in it by the rector of St. John's, Dr.
Burton, and his assistant. Rev. William Lucas.

In June and July of 1871 the society, which had
been a mission of St. John's Church, was duly or-
ganized into a parish and legally incorporated, forty-
four persons signing the articles of association. At
that time the following vestry was elected: A. James,
senior warden; John Greening, junior warden and
treasurer; James Craig, I. H. Amos, J. J. Boote, E.
Gilchrist, C. B. Loper, Harry James, and E. M.
Thompson, secretary. On August 1st of this year
the Eev. Lewis Burton, D.D., began the joint rec-
torship of All Saints' and St. Mark's Churches;
giving one service to each every Sunday. Lay read-
ers under his direction performed a second service
each Sunday.

On the 14th of May, 1874, (Ascension Day,) the
church being free from debt, it was consecrated by
the Bishop of the diocese, the Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell,
D.D. This year the parish became self-supporting.
On the 7th of June, 1875, Rev. Dr. Burton resigned
the rectorship of All Saints' Church. About Septem-
ber 1st, 1875, Rev. John Henry Burton began his
labors as rector of the parish. On 15th of October,
1876, a large frame building which had been erected
in the rear of the church, chiefly for Sunday school
purposes, was opened with appropriate exercises.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.

349

In April, 1877, Rev. J. H. Burton resigned, and
Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D., by request, resumed the
rectorship of All Saints'. On the 12th of August of
this year Rev. Lewis William Burton, son of Rev.
Dr. Burton, was called to be assistant minister of the
church, and began his labors as such September 1st.
On the 12th of June, 1878, Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D.,
resigned, and Rev. Lewis William Burton was called,
accepting June 31st.

In his report to the convention of the diocese. May
J, 1878, the rector reported one hundred and fourteen
communicants, and two hundred and four scholars
and twenty-four teachers in the Sunday school. In
connection with the church, are the Parish Aid So-
ciety, the Brooks' Association, the Mutual Improve-
ment Club, and the Burton Cadets, the latter named
after the founder of the parish. Rev. Dr. Burton.
The present officials of the church are Rev. Lewis
William Burton, rector; I. H. Amos, lay reader; John
Greening, senior warden and treasurer; James Craig,
junior warden; I.' H. Amos, secretary; J. W. Pearce,
assistant secretary; T. J. List, Robert Curtis, C. E.
Loper, James Boyd, Asa Foote and Ralph James,
vestrymen.

ST. mark's.

St. Mark's church, a small, neat wooden structure,
stand-s upon the rear end of an eligible lot on Prank-
lin street, having a frontage of sixty-six feet, and a
depth on Liberty street of one hundred and sixty-six
feet. The church was built under the auspices of the
Missionary and Church Extension Association of St.
John's parish, which, pursuant to the call of the
rector. Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D., was organized for
this purpose, Jauuary 11, 1870. About the first of
February, of that year, the lot was pui-chased, and a
contract made for the erection of a chapel thereon,
twenty-two by forty feet; with a vestry-room, twelve
by fourteen feet.

This building was completed and opened, with ap-
propriate services, on Sunday, July 3, 1870. On the
morning of the same day, a Sunday school was organ-
ized, numbering forty-five pupils; Mr. S. L. Shotter,
being the superintendent.

Dating from August 1, 1870, for the term of one
year, St. Mark's was a mission chapel of St. John's
parish. In accordance with the unanimous wish of
the members of the chnrch and society, St. Mark's
mission was duly incorporated as a parish of the Prot-
estant Episcopal Church, and was admitted into
nnion with the convention of the diocese, May 15,
1872. Since August 1, 1871, Rev. Lewis Burton, D.
D., has been rector of the parish.

On Wednesday, May 31, 1879, the church was con-
secrated by the Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell, D.D., the
Bishop of the diocese, assisted by the rector and
other clergy of Cleveland and vicinity.

The annual report of 1879, shows one hundred and
fifty communicants; also one hundred and eightv-five
scholars and twenty-three officers and teachers in the
Sabbath school.

The officers of the church are G. T. Smith, sen-
ior warden; Wm. T. Timlin, junior warden; R. T.
Coleman, treasurer; W. A. Eaton, secretary; 0. L.
Baker, W. S. Craine, Charles F. Mills, Edward T.
Peck, Robert Fletcher, R. M. Thompson, vestrymen.

MEMOEIAL CHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD.

This church was built in 1873, as a memorial of the
life and labors of the Rev. Alexander Varian. His
widow and children gave the large lot on which the
building stands, to be devoted to church purposes for-
ever. The church is a beautiful edifice of wood, upon
a foundation of cut stone, Gothic in style, and con-
taining about three hundred sittings. The seats are
free to all. The chancel window contains a well ex-
ecuted representation of our Saviour as the Good
Shepherd. There is a marble tablet in the chancel,
to the memory of the the Rev. Mr. Varian, and other
tablets, memorials of departed members of the church,
are on the walls of the nave. Several of the windows
are memorial, as also are the font and altar.

During the few years of the existence of this parish,
sixty-five have been baptized, forty confirmed, and
fifty-eight registered as communicants. There is a
Sunday school of about one hundred and thirty chil-
dren. The Rev. W. E. Toll had charge of the parish
in 1873-4, the Rev. J. J. A. Morgan in 1875. Since
January, 1876, the Rev. Thomas Lyle has been rector.
The present wardens are H. G. Cleveland and J. S.
M. Hill; the vestrymen are John R. Sked, G. A.
Haver, H. L. Morris, T. Lewis, E. E. Hudson and
Josiah Williams.

EMMANUEL CHURCH.

Emmanuel Church, Euclid avenue, was organized as
a parish in February, 1876, the wardens being Dr. J.
B. McConnell, senior, and W. C. Miller, junior. The
vestry consisted of Thomas 0. Early, Enos Foreman,
Zenas King, A. C. Armstrong, George Wratten, Wil-
liam Snape, B. C. Field.

The Rev. B. T. Noakes was elected rector. At the
convention of the diocese in June, 187C, no commu-
nicants were reported. At present the number is
seventy-four. The congregation is increasing, and
the Sunday school, of which E. W. Adams is superin-
tendent, is in a flourishing condition. The chapel is
owned by two trustees, and was formerly situated on
the corner of Case avenue and Prospect street, and
then known as Emmanuel Chapel.

St. Luke's is practically a "mission" of St. Paul's,
having for its rector and a majority of its vestrymen
the rector and certain members of St. Paul's Church.
The church edifice was built by St. Paul's. The church
subsequently changed from a "mission" into a regu-
larly organized parish, in union with the convention
of the diocese, but is still largely dependent upon the
mother church for support. It has a substantial brick
edifice on Broadway, near Cross street, and a comfort-
able rectory on the same lot.

350

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

OHAPTEE L.

THE METHODIST CH0KCHES.

South Park— First— East Cleveland— Franklin Street-First German-
Christ— Taylor Street— German Methodist (West Side)— Superior Street
Tabernacle— Scovill Avenue— Lorain Street— Grace Church— Broad-
Way — Willow Avenue Mission — Union Chapel— Woodland Avenue-
Sadie Chapel- Wesleyan Methodist— Welsh Calvinlstic— St. John's (A.
M. E.)— Free Methodist.

SOUTH PARK CHUECH.

Methodist preaching was introduced into New-
burg as early as 1818, a class being formed, which
passed through yarious vicissitudes, and then became
extinct. On the 1st of January, 1832, Mr. Lyman
Eerris went to Cleveland, and invited Eev. Mr. God-
dard to resume the work. Mr. G. did so, establish-
ing preaching, and forming a class, consisting of the
following persons: Lyman Eerris and wife, Stephen
Ames and wife, Cyrus Chapman and wife, Mrs. Dr.
Henderson and Mrs. Willis.

The first church -building, a neat frame, was erected
in 1841; costing about three thousand dollars. From
1833 to 1860 Newburg was part of a circuit, and
preaching was kept up regularly by the preachers,
who, from year to year, were appointed by the bishop.

In 1860 the society, having attained some influence
and means, was detached from the circuit and became
a station, with Eev. D. C. Wright as pastor, who was
followed successively by Eev. S. Gregg, Eev. D.
Prosser, Eev. E. M. Warren, Eev. M. Hill, Eev. G.
W. Chesbro, Eev. Thomas Stubbs, Eev. J. E. Lyon
and Eev. A. S. Dobbs. Under Mr. Dobbs' energetic
labors and wise guidance, the present tasteful and
commodious brick structure was begun and carried
forward so far as to complete the basement story in
1873. The lecture room is used for church purposes,
and will, with the two side-rooms connected with it
by large folding doors, seat about six hundred per-
sons. The main audience room is still unfinished,
but when ready for use, will seat about twelve hund-
red persons. Eev. Mr. Dobbs left the charge in his
third year, and was followed by Eev. C. Prindle, who
filled up the year. Eev. A. D. Morton succeeded, and
remained three years. The present incumbent is Eev.
Benj. Excell. The church at present numbers about
two hundred and twenty-five members; the Sabbath
school about one hundred and seventy-five to two
hundred. The present board, of trustees are Edmund
James, John Henderson, Wm. P. Braund, Geo. E.
Hill, Geo. W. Culett, J. D. Jones, M.D., Eobert
Woodley, Noah Eothwell, and Wm. Jones. There is
now only a small indebtedness, for the payment of
which provision has been made, and it is expected
that in a year or two the debt will be paid and the
building completed.

FIRST CHURCH.

Methodist preaching commenced in Cleveland as
early as the year 1823, although church organization
was not accomplished until 1837. The first Method-
ist of the city of whom any record can be obtained
was Mrs. Grace Johnson, who became a settler in the

county in 1833. In the same year Eev. Ira Eddy es-
tablished a place of preaching in Cleveland as a part
of the Hudson Circuit. In 1833 Eev. William H.
Collins and Eev. Oriu Gilmore became the preachers
on the circuit. In 1834 Eev. Philip Green and Eev.
William C. Henderson were the appointees. Eev.
Eobert Hopkins was placed in charge in 1835, and
continued as such until 1836, when Eevs. John Craw-
ford and William E. Babcock were appointed. A class
was formed in 1837 under the pastorate of Eevs. John
Crawford and Cornelius Jones, consisting of Mrs.
Grace Johnson, Andrew Tomlinson, Eliza Worley,
Elizabeth South worth, Joel Sizer and wife,- Elijah
Peet and wife and Lucinda Knowlton. Elijah Peet
was chosen leader. This was the first Methodist soci-
ety in Cleveland.

At this time the Cleveland circuit, so called, com-
prised all of Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga, Summit and
part of Portage and Ashtabula counties.

In 1838 Eevs. Ignatius H. Tacket and Cornelius
Jones were appointed to the circuit, and in 1829 were
followed by Eevs. John Chandler, J. McLean and T.
Vaughn.

During the following year, 1830, under the charge
of Eev. Billings 0. Plimpton, Cleveland was made
a station, or regular charge, but on account of a
large secession of members who formed the "Meth-
odist Protestant «hurch," the society was seriously af-
fected, and Cleveland returned to the circuit.

In 1831 Eevs. Alfred Brunson, Dennis Goddard and
John J. Steadman; in 1833 Eevs. John McLean and
John E. Ebert, and in 1833 Eevs. John W. Hill and
Milton Colt were respectively appointed to the circuit
charge.

In 1834 Cleveland was made a permanent station
and Eev. George McCaskey appointed pastor. From
this time the society worshipped in halls, school-
houses and the court-house, until 1841, when the
church on the corner of St. Clair and Wood streets
was completed. They continued to worship in this
church until the erection and dedication of the new
chapel in 1869, on the corner of Euclid avenue and
Erie street. In 1874 the present elegant edifice was
completed on the same lot. The cost of this building
was about one hundred and forty thousand dollars.

This church has contributed largely of its members
and means in the formation and building of other
Methodist churches in the city, and is the mother
church of Cleveland Methodism. Its present member-
ship numbers over four hundred. The following are
the names of the several pastors of the church from the
time it became a station, with the term of service of
each respectively: Eev. Francis A. Dighton, 1835-7,
(on account of failing health Mr. Dighton was re-
leased from his work, and Eevs. Hiram Gilmore and
J. W. Lowe appointed for the remainder of the term.)
Eevs. Hiram Kinsley and H. N. Stearns, 1837-8; E.
J. Kenney, 1838-9; J. K. Hallock and M. H. Bettis,
1839-40; A. M. Brown, 1840-2; L. D. Mix, 1842-3;
Samuel Gregg, 1843-5; B. K. Maltby, 1845-6; B. E.

THE METHODIST CHURCHES.

251

Maltby and Ezra Jones, 1846-7; J. W. Lowe, 1847-9;
Thomas Stubbs, 1849-51; John Bain, 1851-2; G. B.
Hawkins, 1852-4; George L. Little, 1854-6; Moses
Hill, 1856-8; John Peate, 1858-9; W. P. Bignell,
1859-61; W. P. Day, 1861-3; John Whiteley, 1863-
4; E. S. Gillette, 1864-7; C. E. Felton, 1867-70; 0.
N. Grant, 1870-2; Henry Baker, Jr., 1872-4; C. W.
Cashing, 1874^5; J. N. Fradenburg, Ph.D., 1875-6.
Rev. B. F. Brooks, D.D., was called to the pastorate
in 1876 and continues to hold it at the present time.

EAST CLEVELAND CHURCH.

This church was first organized in 1827, with the
following members: Aaron Hubbard (leader) and
wife, James Sawtell and wife, Oliver Marshall, Israel
Hubbard and wife, Anna Cozad, Eleanor Collier,
Philinda Gould, William Mitchell and wife, Timothy
Hurlbut and wife, Samuel Bond, Florilla Searls,
Samuel Harris and wife, Harriet Slate and Nathan
Smith and wife. It was a part of the Newburg cir-
cuit until 1858. At that time the circuit was divided,
and East Cleveland and Euclid were separated. In
1860, East Cleveland was made a station, since which
the pastors have been: Rev. L. Clark, two years; Rev.
T. Guy, two years; Rev. S. Gregg, two years; Rev. D.
Smith, one year; Rev. A. M. Brown, one year; Rev.
W. W. Wythe, two years; Rev. Dr. 0. Prindle, three
months; Rev. T. Stubbs, nine months; Rev. B. Ex-
cell, three years; Rev. D. Latshaw, two years; Rev.
G. W. Maltby, seven months; Rev. C. H. Stocking,
two years and five months; Rev. A. R. Chapman,
present pastor, in his second year. The present
membership is about two hundred. OflScers of church :
Rev. A. R. Chapman, pastor; G. W. Foots, president
and secretary, H. T. Hower, treasurer, T. C. Par-
sons, Rev. I. Dallas, L. B. Coe, W. H. Gates, William
Morris, A. E. Bradley, trustees; George Watkins, B.
0. Pope, T. C. Parsons, D. B. Beers, W. H. Gates,
G. W. Foote, L. B. Coe, R. Quigley, J. W. Excell,
stewards; J. W. Excell, ' recording steward and treas-
urer; D. B. Beers, Sunday school superintendent;
Miss' S. Gardner and Mrs. E. C. Pope, assistant
superintendents. The first church building, which
is still used as a class and prayer-meeting room, is
thirty-two by forty-four feet, and was built about 1836.
The present church is of brick, about forty-four feet
by seventy, and cost nearly twenty-two thousand dol-
lars. It was dedicated in December, 1870.

FRANKLIlir STREET CHURCH.

This society was organized about 1830, and has now
a membership of three hundred. The house of
worship is at the corner of Franklin avenue and
Dnane street, west side. The pastor is Rev. J. S.
Youmans. „ ,„^„

FIRST GERMAN CHURCH.

This church was organized September 3, 1845, in
an old building on South Water street, by Rev C. H
Buhre Rev C. H. Doering admmistered the first
sacrament to thirteen communicants. The first board
of trustees was <,rg*nized on the 19th of October,

1840, under the charge of Rev. C. Helway. The
trustees were John Griffin, John Hoffman, Jacob
Lowman, John Gill, Peter Marcellus, John Hall and
John Outhwaite. In the year 1848 they purchased a
lot on Prospect street, between Ontario and Erie
streets, and erected a brick church, thirty-five feet in
width and fifty feet deep. The whole property, includ-
ing the edifice, cost the society about two thousand
dollars. In 1860 the society leased a lot on Erie
street, number three hundred and three, as a more
suitable and convenient location for a church edifice,
and with the proceeds of the sale of the property
formerly used they built a new church of brick and
wood. The new church edifice was dedicated Dec-
ember 25, 1860. The lease expired in 1870, when
the society purchased the lot. The society continued
in this building until 1878 when an exchange was
made for the Baptist church-property on the corner
of Scovill and Sterling avenues. This was dedicated
February 9, 1879. The church has a present mem-
bership of sixty-one. The Sabbath school numbers
eighty scholars. The pastors who have had charge of
the society since its organization, are Revs. C. H.
Buhre, C. Helway, John A. Klein, C. Gahn, P. P.
Schneider, J. Rothweiler, N. Nuhfer, Ennis Baur, C.
Bozenhart, J. Krehbiel, G. Berg, 0. F. Heitmeyer,
G. Bertram, J. Gicken, C. Nachtrieb, W. Borcherd-
ing, H. Knill, J. Haas and C. Golder, the present
incumbent.

CHRIST CHURCH.

The organization of Christ Church was effected in
July, 1850, through the labors of Rev. Dillon Prosser.
A small parcel of land was donated by Simon Streator,
upon which a chapel, twenty-five by thirty-five feet
in size, was built. This house the society occupied
until the next year, and then removed to the building
subsequently used as the Homeopathic Hospital. The
society soon after, and during the year 1851, again
moved into the new church edifice on Brie street, re-
maining there until 1876, at which time the West-
minster Presbyterian Church on the corner of Hunt-
ington and Prospect, was purchased. Here the so-
ciety meets at the present day. The church has a
membership of about one hundred and sixty, and has
had the following pastors: Revs. Dillon Prosser,
James H. Whalon, D.D., Nelson Stearns, Thomas
Stubbs, J. E. Chapin, W. F. Willson, D. C. Wright,
R. H. Hurlburt, A. J. Merchant, — Tingling, J. S.
Lytic, John Sullivan, Charles W. Gushing and T. M.
House, the present incumbentf who was called to
the pastorate in September, 1878.

TAYLOR STREET CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1853, and for some
time the society was so small that services were held
in the dwellings of members — Mr. Benjamin Parkins,
a local preacher, being the minister. Later a church
was put up at the corner of Bridge and Taylor streets,
and in 1868 the church building now used, was first
occupied. Rev. T. C. Warren is the present pastor —

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

his predecessors in the present church having been
Revs. Messrs. Colwell, Mower and McCaskey. The
membership is one hundred and sixty, and the trus-
tees are J. 0. Bartlett, Cornelius Eosecranz, Samuel
Fix, James Davey, Richard Conn, William Harrison
and William Henderson.

THE GEJRMAN CHUECH (WEST SIDE).

This church was formed, and a house built for it
on the corner of Lorain and McLean streets, under the
charge of Rev. C. Qahn, in the year 1851, as a mis-
sion of the Methodist Episcopal society then on Pros-
pect street. In 1853 the mission became a separate
society, and Rev. John BaldufE was chosen pastor —
continuing two years. Rev. Philip B. Weber and
Rev. George Berg were successively ministers until
October, 1856. Since that time the several pastors
and their terms of service have heen as follows : Gott-
lieb Nachtrieh, from October, 1856, to October, 1857;
George Reiter, from 1857 to 1859; Christian Nach-
trieb, from 1859 to 1860; Gottlieb ISTachtrieb, from
1860 to 1861; C. Bozenhart, from 1861 to 1863; C.
Heitmeier, from 1863 to 1864; N". Nufer, from 1864
to 1866; George Berg, from 1866 to 1867; N. Nufer
and C. F. Morf ; from 1867 to 1868; John S. Schneider,
from 1868 to 1871; H. Buttenbaum, from 1871 to
1872; Albert Nast, from 1873 to 1874; John S.
Schneider, from 1874 to 1876; Wm. Borcherding,
called in 1876 and continues pastor at the present
time.

The first ofiBcial board consisted of Wm. Mack,
Jacob Knopf, Jacob Hoffman, V. K. Klup, F. Knopf,
A. Frewert, F. Schwarz. The church has at present
a membership of one hundred and twenty. Con-
nected with the church is a Sabbath school of one
hundred and fifty scholars, and twenty-four officers
and teachers.

SUPEEIOE STEEET TABEENACLE.

This church was organized by Rev. Dillon Prosser
as a city mission about 1860. The first church build-
ing occupied was one previously used by the Erie
Street M. E. congregation. It was moved to St.
Clair street, and afterwards a building was erected on
Waring street, when the churdi was known as the
AYaring Street Church. The octagonal edifice on
Superior street, now used, was opened for worship in
1877. The membership, which, in 1860, was but
seventeen, is upwards of two hundred in 1879. Rev.
Harvey T. Webb is the present pastor, the trustees
being H. C. Brainard, Henry Cain, Wm. Simmons,
J. J. Smith, W. P. Starrett, Thos. Corris and M. B.
Johnson.

SCOVILL ATENUE CHUECH.

At the session of the Erie Annual Conference of
the M. E. church in 1866, Rev. Dillon Prosser was
appointed city missionary. His first services were
held in the open air, under the trees on Forest street,
for the space of three months. A Sunday school was
organized, with about twenty scholars; Thomas H.
Oakley, superintendent. During the winter services

were held in an unfinished dwelling-house, and a
church was duly organized. Mr. Oakley, his wife and
two daughters, were the first members of the young
society, bringing certificates from the St. Clair street
M. E. church.

In the spring of 1867, the church had about forty
members. The sum of one thousand dollars was-
raised, and the old Lutheran building was purchased
and moved to a vacant lot on Scovill avenue, near
Perry street, leased for one year. The nest year the
society purchased a lot on the corner of Scovill and
Longwood avenues, for five thousand five hundred
dollars, and again i-emoved the old building to that
locality, where they held services until the present
edifice was erected. In the old church the member-
ship was greatly enlarged under the labors of the Rev.
C. N. Groot.

The first board of trustees consisted of Thomas H.
Oakley, chairman, A. E. Hoon, Boardman Bosworth,
Alvin N. Curtis, Wm. S. Wight, John Kelley and
John Strong. The new building was commenced in
1871, and the basement occupied in 1872. About
twenty-four thousand dollars have been expended, and
for want of funds it has remained unfinished until
now.

The parsonage is on the rear of the lot, fronting on
Longwood avenue. The lot is seventy-five by one
hundred and eighty-three feet in size. The church
building is of brick, with stone trimmings and stained
glass windows. The audience room, when finished,
will seat about eight hundred persons. The finished
part contains a pastor's study, infant class and busi-
ness rooms, lecture room and double parlors, all
handsomely frescoed, and well seated and lighted.

The following have been the pastors: Revs. D.
Prosser, C. N. Groot, F. H. Beck, George W. Gray,
Benjamin Excell, Frank Brown, A. N. Croft and
James R. Mills. The present board of trustees are
Thomas H. Oakley, Charles W. Munsell, N. A. Gil-
bert, Samuel E. Bottsford, Joel Woodword, H.
Wilkins, A. Wilkins, S. H. Barrett. The present
membership is one hundred and seventy-five. The
Sunday school scholars number two hundred and
twenty five. The church was a mission but one year.
The Woodland Avenue M. E. Church is composed
of former members of Scovill Avenue Church, who
mainly paid for the building and lot which were
deeded to them.

LORAIK STREET CHUECH.

This church was organized in 1868, in the German
M. E. church edifice on Lorain street, being known as
the "Clark Mission," by which name it was designated
until the year 1874, when a change was made and the
present name adopted. The first members were
chiefly from the Franklin avenue church, and were
transferred to the mission, under the charge of Rev.
H. L. Parish. In 1870 the present church edifice
was built, forty by sixty feet in size; being en-
larged in 1874 by the addition of a lecture room. In

THE METHODIST CHUEOHES.

353

1878 the entire edifice was again reconstructed, hav-
ing at present a comfortable seating capacity of five
hundred. Situated in a portion of the city where the
residents are necessarily transient, the church has not
been able to make any large increase in permanent
membership, but numbers at present about one hun-
dred and seventy-five. The following is the succes-
sion of pastors: Revs. H. L. Parish, 0. Carel, J. S.
Broad well, T. K. Dissette, P. S. Wolfe and John
Mitchell (appointed in 1878). The following are the
present church officials: Rev. John Mitchell, pastor;
Rev. 0. Card, local elder] W. W. Gould, recording
steward; Joseph Storer, H. Hale, E. Gr. Powel, W.
W. Richardson. James Davis, 0. F. Harris, stewai-ds;
Joseph Storer, Samuel Stoney, H. Hale, leaders; H.
Hale, James Langhorn, E. G. Powel, W. W. Rich-
ardson, McDole, James Davis, W. W. Gould,

trustees.

GRACE CHUKCH.

This society was organized in the year 1870, and
worshiped in an old building on Merchants' avenue,
between ClifE and Fairfield streets. Rev. Charles
Ruddick, a local preacher, with others, conducted the
services. In the year 1871, under the supervision of
Rev. Mr. Ruddick, the church edifice on Pelton
avenue, near Literary street, was built. The first
trustees were Messrs. Barney Swartwood, John Tim-

mins, J. R. Timmins, John Corrigan and Reed.

The building and lot cost about four thousand dollars.
Rev. George W. Collier, preached the dedicatory ser-
mon and conducted the services.

During the winter of 1878-9 the church building
underwent a complete renovation, the old hall or
entrance and gallery being taken out and one of the
stairways entirely removed. Above the class-rooms
and hall a neat chapel, seated with chairs, has been
constructed. In the rear of the auditorium, back
of the pulpit, an alcove has been built for the organ
and choir, which adds much to the appearance and
convenience of the church edifice. The auditorium
has a seating capacity of two hundred and fifty. On
the day of re-opening, March 16, 1879, the expense
of repairs, eight hundred dollars, was added to the
old debt of about three hundred dollars, and the whole
nearly paid in cash and subscriptions. Rev I. C.
Pershing, D.D., president of Pittsburg Female Col-
lege, preached both morning and evening. At this
time the name was changed from Pelton Avenue
M. E. Church to Grace M. E. Church, and the
society was incorporated under the latter appellation.
It is now in a very flourishing condition, though
its numbers are small; it has a membership of fifty-
eight, and about one hundred and twenty names on
its Sunday school roll.

The following pastors have served the society smce
its organization: Rev. Charles Ruddick, 1870, Rev.

McHenry, 1871; Rev. A. D. Knopp, 1873; Rev.

H L Parish, 1873 to 1876; Rev. B. A. Disney suc-
ceeded to the pastorate in 1876. The present officers
are Rev. B. A. Disnev, pastor; Revs. W. C. North and

Thomas Small, local preachers; Rev. W. C. North,
W. D. Savage, Martin Winger, Wm. H. Barcb, John
Timmins and J. W. Flint, stewards; W. D. Savage,
J. W. Flint, Mrs. Caroline A. Newton, Mrs. Hester
Winger, class leaders; W. C. North, W. D. Savage,
William H. Barch, M. Winger and J. M. Burns,
trustees.

BKOADWAY CHUECH.

For many years previous to 1871 the people resid-
ing in the Fourteenth ward hud felt the want of a
church organization, and the agitation of the subject
led to definite action in the spring of that year. In
accordance with a previous arrangement a prelimina-
ry meeting was held April 16, 1871, in the wigwam
or polling-place of the ward, on Trumbull street, at
which time a society was organized under the name
of the " Broadway Union Mission Sabbath School
Society."

The rapid increase of membership and attendance
at the Sabbath school led to the purchase of a lot on
Broadway near Gallup street; a deed being taken by
Alphonzo Holley, Jabesh Gallup, T. M. Irvine, Ed-
ward Rose, and L. L. Crane, as trustees to hold for
the society. During the autumn months a neat
chapel was erected on the rear end of the lot, where
temporary services were held until the completion of
the church edifice in October, 1873. The members of
the Methodist societies of the city contributed largely
toward the erection of this building, and in accord-
ance with a previous agreement the property was
conveyed to the Methodist Church. In September,
1873, the society, under the name of "Broadway
M. E. Church," was regularly organized, with Rev.
C. N. Grant, pastor. Rev. E. S. Gillette, associate
pastor. The society then had but ten members, but
now numbers over seventy. The several pastors have
been as follows: Revs. 0. N. Grant, E. S. Gillette, J.
H. Tagg, and Dillon Prosser, the present minister.

WILLSOHr AVENUE MlSSIOlf.

This was organized in June, 1873, in a saloon on
St. Clair street, as a Mission Sabbath School. Mrs.
Prosser, wife of Rev. Dillon Prosser, purchased the
building and had it removed to its present location
on Willson avenue. Devotional exercises were con-
ducted there by Rev. Mr. Prosser, but no permanent
church organization has ever been effected. A pros-
perous Sunday school is maintained there under the
charge of James Malpas, superintendent.

UNION CHAPEL (COLOEED).

Union Chapel was organized April 39, 1874, with
the following officers: John Pendleton, class leader;
H. Woods, William Bailey, Frank Johnson, trustees.
In October following a lot of land on Haokman street
was leased for a term of five years, upon which a
church edifice was built by C. H. Norton as a gift to
the society. The church has a present membership
of forty-eight. The Sunday school has an attend-
ance of sixty scholars. The pastors in charge of this

254

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

chapel since ita organization have been Revs. Henry

Steene, George W. Hatton, Henderson, A. A.

Price, John Pickett, George Oarr, Thomas Tomp-
kins, W. J. H. McDade, D.D. The present chnrch
officials are Rev. W. J. H. McDade, D.D., pastor;
W. F. King and Samuel Justin, local preachers, (the
latter being also class leader); William Harris, Andrew
Wilkins, and James Monroe, trustees.

WOODLAJiTD AVBIfUB CHURCH.

This church was organized in September, 1874, by
Rev. D. Pressor. A lot was leased from Mr. John
Wolcott on Woodland avenue, and the building, for-
merly the Kingsley chapel, moved to the site, en-
larged, refitted and otherwise improved, at an ex-
pense of about six hundred dollars. Rev. Mr. Pressor
acted as pastor for one year. The other pastors in
succession have been Revs. 0. K Grant, — Palmer,
J. G. Bliss and J. H. Tagg, the present incumbent.

WILLSON" AVENUE CHURCH.

In the month of September, 1875, through the la-
bors of Rev. Dillon Prosser, a school-house owned by
the estate of Rev. William Day, and located on Pros-
pect street, was purchased and moved to Willson
avenue, corner of Prospect street. Here Rev. Mr.
Prosser soon after organized a church, retaining pas-
toral charge until September, 1878, when Rev. John
Tagg was appointed, and still serves as officiating
minister.

SADIE CHAPEL.

The Sadie Chapel, or, as it is generally known, the
Kinsman street chapel, was organized as a subscrip-
tion church in the year 1877. Land on the corner of
Kiusman and Herald streets was donated by Mr. Israel
Hubbard, and in September of that year the chapel
was completed and dedicated. The services on the
occasion were conducted by Revs. Dillon Prosser and
David Osborn. The chapel was built at a cost of six
hundred dollars, and has two hundred sittings. Rev.
Mr. Prosser had charge of the chapel society until
1878, when Rev. J. H. Tagg, of the Woodland ave-
nue church, was appointed pastor.

FIRST WESLETAi?- METHODIST CHURCH.*

At the Erie Conference M. E. Church, in the fall
of 1838, resolutions were passed disapproving any ex-
pression by the churches on the question of Ameri-
can slavery. This action was received with disfavor
by a portion of the members of the church in Cleve-
land. On September 1, 1839, an organization was
effected, consisting of about sixty members, who
withdrew from the First Methodist Episcopal Church
for that purpose. This new church stood alone until
May, 1843, when it sent delegates to a convention
held at Utica, New York, and there went into the -
organization which has ever since been known as the
Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America.

Of the original sixty members but six yet remain.

" Tlie four foUowing churches have organizations separate from that
of the Methodist Episcopal churches; but there being but one of each j
denomination in the city, we have thought it best to append them here '

These are Rev. James Christian, John Corlett, Wm.
K. Corlett, James Gayton, Mrs. Elizabeth South-
worth and Mrs. Sarah Parkhurst.

The church was first built on Euclid avenue, near
Sheriff street. It was a plain, neat frame building,
capable of seating about four hundred. In 1863 the
society sold the lot on which it stood, and moved the
house to its present location, at the corner of Brownell
and Ohio streets.

The church has had a succession of pastors in the
following order: Revs. I. Robbins, B. Preston, J. A.
Pearson, J. B. Walker, S. D. Jones, J. McEldony,
W. H. Brewster, H. B. Knight, A. Crooks, Cyrus
Prindle, I. W. Bainu m, A. H. Kinney, J. E. Carroll,
S. R. Royce and A. 6. Hiatt. The following are the
present officers: M. B. Clark, William Cowley, Wil-
liam K. Corlett, David Whitehead, James Christian
and S. W. Hill, trustees; S. W. Hill, J. H. Weaver
and George Short, stewards; John Corlett, treasurer;
J. P. Brown, clerk; John Collester, assistant clerk.
The Sabbath school numbers about sixty scholars.

THE WELSH CALVINISTIC CHURCH.

The Welsh Calvinistic Methodist, or Welsh Pres-
byterian, Church was organized about the year 1858,
and occupies a framed building, erected at a cost of
about two thousand dollars, on Cannon street, corner
Elmo street, at Newburg. The first pastor was Rev.
John Moses who continued until about 1867, when
Rev. Ebenezer Evans was called to the pastorate, and
served the society for five years. In 1872 the present
pastor. Rev. William Harrison, took charge. The
present membership is about forty, and near the same
number are in attendance on the Sabbath school.

ST. JOHIf'S (a. M. E.) church.

This was organized about 1865, and has now a con-
gregation of upwards of two hundred members, who
worship on Erie street, under the ministrations of
Rev. T. H. Jackson.

FREE METHODIST CHURCH.

This church, the first of its denomination in the
city, was organized in 1870 with but six members. A
small building was erected on Pearl street in that year
and occupied as a place of worship until 1873. In the
latter year the property was sold, and the society pur-
chased the church-edifice and pastoral residence on
the corner of Bridge and Taylor streets. The first
officers of the church were A. Bradfield, Wm. C.
Jones, E. Thomas and Thomas Service. The suc-
cessive pastors with their terms of service have been
as follows: Revs. W. H. James, A. V. Leonardson
and E. Matthews, one year each; A. Bradfield, two
years; S. C. Stringham, one year; Joseph Lawrence,
two years. Rev. C. F. Irish, the present pastor, was
settled in 1878. The church officials are as follows:
C. F. Irish, pastor; George Lawrence and Wm. C.
Jones, local preachers; E. Thomas, E. Holkins and
Joseph Cain, class leaders; Wm. Brooker and V.
Jerome, stewards.

THE PRESBYTERIAN caURCHES.

355

CHAPTER LI.

THE PRESBYTEBIAN CHTJKCHES.

The First— The South Presbyterian— The Second— The North Preshy
terian— Memorial Church— Woodland Avenue Church— Euclid Street
Church.

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN.

This church was formed on the 19th day ol Sep-
tember, 1820, in the old log court house, then stand-
ing on the northwest corner of the public square.
Rev. Randolph Stone was the first minister. The
number of members at that time was fourteen. The
services were conducted in that building for the
next two years, until the brick academy was built on
St. Clair street, the present site of the Firemen's
headquarters. The second floor was arranged for a
place of worship for this society, and occupied by it
until 1829.

It then removed to the third story of a brick build-
ing standing on Superior street, on the site of the
American House, and there remained until the base-
ment of the first stone church was completed. Rev.
William McLean succeeded Mr. Stone as a supply in
January, 1822, and preached through that year one
third of the time. In September following, Rev. S.
G. Bradstreet was engaged to preach, and continued
his services until January 21, 1830. Prom that time
until July, 1831, the pulpit was vacant, except for a
few months, when it was supplied by Rev. John Ses-
sions. Rev. Samuel Hutchins took charge of the
congregation July 21, 1831, and remained with them
until 1833. He was succeeded by Rev. John Keep
who remained to preach here till April 26, 1835.
Thus, for a period of fifteen years this congregation
was without a pastor, and depended for its public
exercises entirely upon " stated supplies. " Since that
time down to the present date, it has had regularly
settled pastors without any intermission.

In the winter of 1835, Rev. S. C. Aiken, D.D.,
was called as first pastor of this church. He ac-
cepted the call, and was installed on the 24th of
November of the same year. Dr. Aiken's active
pastorate continued until March, 1861, since which
time he has been pastor-emeritus. On August 12,
1858, Rev. William H. Goodrich, D.D., was installed
as associate pastor. He continued to perform the
duties of associate and sole pastor until the year 1872,
when failing health compelled liis resignation. On
the retirement of Mr. Goodrich the present pastor.
Rev. H. 0. Haydn, D.D., was installed associate
pastor, and as such associate and subsequently sole
pastor, has continued to the present time.

On the 5th of January, 1827, the- congregation was
regularly incorporated, twenty-eight persons consti-
tuting the " First Presbyterian Society of Cleveland,'
and the first annual meeting was held on the first
Monday of April of that year, when Samuel Cowles
was chosen president, D. H. Beardsley, secretary, and
P. M. Weddell,. treasurer.

The first church building was completed and dedi-
cated February 26, 1834. This was the " Old Stone

Church," which stood until 1853. In the spring of
1853, the " Stone Church " was demolished to make
room for a new church, which was soon burned down,
and this was immediately replaced by the present
church edifice, which occupies the same lot.

The "Old Stone Church" was eighty feet long by
fifty feet wide. The present Stone Church is seventy-
two by one hundred and eighteen feet in -size, and the
chapel fifty-five by seventy feet; cost, about seventy
thousand dollars. This church may truly be called
the mother of all the Presbyterian churches of Oleve
land.

The members now number seven hundred and forty-
six, and her Sabbath school five hundred and thirty-
two, including officers, teachers and scholars.

The present officials are Rev. Hiram C. Haydn,
D.D., pastor; Rev. Samuel C. Aiken, D.D., pastor-
emeritus; George Mygatt, John A. Foot, Edwin H.
Merrill, Reuben F. Smith, Francis 0. Keith, George
H. Ely, Henry M. Flagler, Henry N. Raymond, Ed-
win C. Higbee, Lyman J. Talbot, elders; L. J. Talbot,
clerk of session; George Mygatt, treasurer of the
church. Officers of the society: Samuel Williamson,
; president; James F. Clark, Amasa Stone, G. E.
Herrick, George H. Ely, George H. Burt, trustees;
Charles H. Clark, secretary; Charles Whitaker, treas-
urer.

The charities of the church and society for the last
three years, not including society expenses, have been
as follows: In 1875, $14,003; in' 1876, $11,473; in
1877, $12,462.

SOUTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The first sermon heard in that part of Cleveland
originally known as Newburg was preached in July,
1802, by Rev. Joseph Badger, an ex-soldier of the
Revolution and a Presbyterian missionary to the far
west. The preacher delivered his discourse under a
tree upon the open highway, and subsequently wrote
that "the people of Newburg were opposed to piety
and gloried in their infidelity."

It is not known that there was any Presbyterian
preaching in the town until 1821, when occasional
services in the house of Noah Graves were enjoyed.
These continued from time to time until 1832. On
the 31st of December in that year a church was or-
ganized in Noah Graves' house by Rev. David Peet of
Euclid, assisted by Rev. Harvey Lyon. It was Con-
gregational in form, although attached to the Cleve-
land presbytery. Eleven persons joined the church
by letter, to-wit: Edward and Theodosia Taylor,
James and Sarah Ash well, James and Elizabeth South-
ern, John and Martha Stair, John and Amy Righter,
and Elizabeth Derrick. Of these, the only ones
known to be living are Mr. and Mrs. Stair, now resid-
ing in Brecksville.

After the church organization a temporary house
of worship was obtained by fitting up a carpenter's
shop on what is now Miles avenue. Rev. Simeon
Woodruff of Strongsville used to preach oecasionaliy.

256

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

as did others, and in 1835 Eev. John Keys was ob-
tained as stated supply. Rev. Matthew A. Pox suc-
ceeded Mr. Kej'es, and during Mr. Fox's ministry —
in June, 1840 — the church became Presbyterian in
form and was attached to the Wooster presbytery.

In 1841 and 1842 a framed church-building was
erected on the hill (near where the Insane Asylum
stands) upon a lot donated by Judge Hosmer. This
church, which was dedicated in July, 1842, was the
first house of worship erected in Newburg, and now,
standing upon the corner of Sawyer and Harvard
streets, is known as Grace Church (Protestant Epis-
copal). In 1869 the society built their present fine
brick church which cost $15,000.

Rev. Mr. Fox's successors in the pulpit were Revs.
Wm. McReynolds, James Straw, Erastus Chester, D.
W. Childs, Wm. C. Turner, Joseph S. Edmunds,
Wm. C. Turner (second term) and E. Curtis — the
latter who is the present pastor, having entered upon
his charge in 1867. The membership of the church
now aggregates two hundred and seventy and its
trustees are John Davidson, Harvey H. Pratt and H.
B. Marble.

THE UNITED PEESBTTEEIAN CHURCH.*

This society was organized November 5, 1843, with
eleven members, in the Hancock block, at the corner
of Superior and Seneca streets. Messrs. I. Campbell,
J. Dodds and D. Pollock were chosen ruling elders.

In about two or three years a house of worship was
built, at a cost of one thousand eight hundred dollars,
at the southwest corner of Michigan and Seneca streets.
In 1853 the present church edifice, which is of brick,
was built on Erie street, near Huron street, at a cost
of thirteen thousand dollars. The audience room
contains five hundred sittings.

The congregation is understood to be an outgrowth
of occasional visits and services rendered by Rev. Mr.
McLaren, a minister of the Associate Reformed Pres-
byterian church in New York. The permanent or-
ganization was accomplished after a few months' ser-
vice, by Rev. J. W. Logue, a minister of the Associate
Presbyterian church, who, while giving part of his
time to Northfield, Ohio, where he yet preaches, con-
tinued also to minister in Cleveland until 1849, when
he was followed by Rev. J. McGill, who resigned the
pastorate in 1861. In 1862-3 the pulpit was occupied
by Rev. J. S. McConnell. In January, 1866, Rev. D.
M. B. McLean became pastor, and labored as such until
November, 1870. In November, 1872, Rev. H. A.
McDonald came to the pastorate, which he resigned
in 1875. In January, 1876, Rev. J. L. Aten, the
present pastor, entered upon the charge, who reports
a membership of one hundred and eighty, and a Sab-
bath school of one hundred.

The oflBcial members, associated with the pastor,
are Messrs. D. Pollock, R. S. Murray, A. Purdie,

*This is not of the same denomination as tlie otlier Presbyterian
churches, but as it is the only one of its kind in the city we have classi-
fied it with them.

Wm. Pope, T. Marshall, P. Begg, M. Rutherford,
Dr. J. F. Gibson, D. Reuton, D. Fleming and Wm.
Latimer.

THE SECOND PKESBTTERIAN.

This church was organized on the evening of June
13, 1844, under an old charter from the legislature of
the State of Ohio, dated April 3, 1837, entitled "An
act to incorporate the Second Presbyterian Society in
Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga;" the officia-
ting minister being the Rev. S. 0. Aiken, pastor of
the First Presbyterian Church, to which the great
majority of the members had belenged. Fifty-eight
members constituted the church — fifty-three uniting
by letter from the First Church and five from other
churches.

The building first occupied stood nearly upon the
site of the present Jail, on the lot west of the county
court-house, on Rockwell street. It was used until a
larger church edifice on Superior street was erected,
and its basement first occupied in the autumn of the
year 1851. The old building was purchased by the
Second Baptist Society and removed to the corner of
Ohio and Erie streets, where it now stands.

The first officers of the church were as follows:
David Long, Henry Sexton, Jeremiah Holt, Eli P.
Morgan, Jesse F. Taintor and Samuel H. Mather,
ruling elders; William A. Otis, T. P. Handy and S. H.
Fox, deacons.

The following have been the pastors of the Second
Church: Rev. Sherman B. Canfield, D.D., from 1844
to 1854. Rev. James Eells, D.D., from 1855 to 1860;
and again from 1869 to 1873. Rev. Theron H. Hawks,
D.D., from 1861 to 1868. Rev. Charles S. Pomeroy,
D.D., the present pastor, was installed June 22, 1873.

Upon the 9th of October, 1876, the church build-
ing upon Superior street was entirely consumed by
fire, excepting the chapel in the rear, which being
repaired, sufficed for the social services of the congi-e-
gation and the home Sabbath school. The Sunday
services were removed to the opera house on Euclid
avenue for the term of six months, and thereafter to
Case hall. A plot of ground, one hundred and five feet
by two hundred feet, was purchased at the corner of
Prospect street and Sterling avenue, and on the 12th
of July, 1877, the corner-stone of the new church
edifice was laid. The building is now complete and
was dedicated October 27, 1878.

It is a massive, dignified and beautiful building, in
the Norman style of architecture, constructed of
cream colored stone. A large square tower, with pro-
jecting turrets, stands at the corner, and a chapel is
attached, with every appliance for Sunday school, lec-
ture room and social parlors. The pews are in con-
centric circles, and the aisles radiate from the center
at the pulpit, the floor gently rising towards the cir-
cumference. The seating capacity is about thirteen
hundred.

The membership of the Second church numbers
about six hundred and forty communicants. Two

^ ,

THE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECHES.

257

Sabbath schools are sustained, with move than five
hundred scholars, and the various missionary and
benevolent societies are in a healthy and efficient con-
dition. The present officers of the church and con-
gregation are as follows: Eev. Charles S. Pomeroy,
D.D., pastor; Leverett Alcott, E. I. Baldwin, Martin
L. Brooks, Dan P. Bells, Erastus P. Gaylord, Tru-
man P. Handy, John Mansfield, Samuel H. Mather,
Edwin E. Perkins, ruling elders; 0. J. Benham,
Charles W. Chase, Charles J. Dockstader, George G.
Johnson, Charles H. Eandall, Henry S. Whittlesey,
deacons; the president of the society is Selali Cham-
berlain; the treasurer, C. L. Lathrop; the secretary,
Charles W. Chase; the trustees are H. B. Hurlbut, J.
J. G. Hower, A. K. Spencer, S. H. Benedict, J. H.
Morley, E. I. Baldwin.

EUCLID STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church was organized on the 35th day of Jan-
uary, 1853, in the lecture-room of the First Presby-
terian Church. The original members were thirteen
in number, all received by letters from the First
Church. On February 1, 1854, Zalmon Fitch and
Elisha Taylor were elected the first board of elders,
and on July 5, 1854, Augustus Fuller and Joseph
Perkins were elected as deacons. Dr. F. S. Slosson
was the first chorister, and continued in that position
for six years.

Eev. Joseph B. Bittingerwas called to the pastorate
of the church on May 9, 1853. He began his labors
on the 18th of September, 1853, and was installed on
the 26th of April, 1854. His pastorate continued
until September 22, 1862.

The second pastor, Eev. John Monteith, was in-
stalled on June 10, 1863, the pulpit having been sup-
plied in the interval mainly by Eev. Dr. Aiken, pastor
of the First Church. Mr. Monteith's pastoral rela-
tions were dissolved on the 2nd day of October, 1866.

The third pastor was Eev. Oxman A. Lyman, who
was called on the 17th of February, 1868, and in-
stalled on the 19th of May, 1868. His pastorate con-
tinued until his death, January 19, 1872.

The fourth pastor was Eev. Charles H. Baldwin,
who was called on February 18, 1873; installed April
20, 1873, and whose pastoral relation was dissolved
on January 19, 1874.

The fifth pastor was Eev. W. H. JefEers, D.D.,

who was called October 26, 1874; installed on May

9, 1875, and resigned his charge on May 8, 1877.

'The present pastor, Eev. J. L. Eobertson, was

called October 15, 1877, and installed December 26,

1877.

The present membership of the church is three
hundred and twenty-one. The average attendance
at the Sabbath school for the past year has been two
hundred and five.

The present officers of the church are Eev. J. L.

Eobertson, pastor; Joseph Perkins, J. B. Meriam,

W S. C. Otis, Augustus Fuller, H. J. Herrick,

M.D., H. E. Hatch, E. P. Morgan and Jay Odell,

elders; L. F. Lyman, and Geo. TV. Stockley, deacons;
Joseph Pei'kins, superintendent of Sabbath school;
C. H. Fuller, assistant superintendent.

About December 27, 1851, a lot for a church edifice
was bought on the corner of Brownell and Euclid
streets for four thousand five hundred dollars, and in
August, 1852, the corner-stone of the new edifice was
laid. The lecture-room was first opened for public
service on May 29, 1853, and the main building on
April 9, 1854. Total cost about sixty thousand dol-
lars.

-The first officers of the society were Zalmon Fitch,
president; George AVorthington, F. S. Slosson and
Elisha Taylor, trustees. The present officers are J.
B. Meriam, president; Joseph Perlcins, E. P. Moi-gan,
L. J. Burgess, B. F. Eose and G. W. Pack, trustees;
L. J. Lyman, treasurer; G. W. Stockley, secretary.

THE WELSH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,

on St. Clair street, was organized in 1866 by Eev.
John Moses, after whom Eev. Daniel Davis was called
to the charge and remained therein until 1868. Since
Mr. Davis' time thechui-ch has been shorn, by remov-
als, of much of its strength. Originally including a
membership of sixty, it possessed seventy members in
its greatest prosperity, but has now declined to twenty.
It has had no settled pastor since 1868, and continues
to depend upon occasional supplies.

NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church had its origin in a mission work of the
First Presbyterian Church. That work began on St.
Clair street near the corner of Lyman in 1859, as a
Sunday school, under the leadership of Charles No-
ble, Esq. Occasional preaching services were held at
the Sunday school room, but it was not until Novem-
ber, 1865, that regular worship was maintained there.

In January, 1866, Eev. Aaron Peck, Jr., was en-
gaged as stated supply, and subsequently ordained as
an evangelist. During the year 1866 the sum of
eight thousand dollars was subscribed for the erection
of a chapel on Merchant (now Aaron) street, which
building was completed and occupied early in the
following year at an entire expense of ten thousand
dollars. Mr. Peck's ministry continued until Octo-
ber, 1867. Eev. B. P. Johnson succeeded him, and
remained about seven months.

Eev. D. W. Sharts, after four months interim, suc-
ceeded, beginning his labors September 6, 1868,
and continuing as supply until August 28, 1870.
During the last months of his ministry an important
enlargement was made at the rear of the church, as
well as the erection of a gallery at the front of the
audience room.

Messrs. Peck, Johnson and Sharts were missiona-
ries employed by the mother church to do the work
of evangelists in that part of the city. In 1870, Sep-
tember 19th, the separate ecclesiastical life of the
North Presbyterian Church began, while it was still
financially dependent upon the Presbyterian Church
Union of Cleveland.

358

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

At its organization there were fifty-one members.
James Guide and George Lewellyn were elected elders,
and W. W. Worswick, deacon. The articles of faith
of the First Presbyterian Church wei-e adopted as
those of this one.

Rev. Anson Smyth, D.D., immediately undertook
the supply of this young church, and January 5,
1871, he received a call to be its pastor. He held the
call, and contmued his charge as pastor elect for one
year, when he refused the call and preached his last
discourse as supply December 31, 1871. A few
months of candidates followed. In May, 1872, Rev.
H. R. Hoisington began his labors in the church as
pastor elect, and was installed June 3d of the same
year; he is yet its pastor.

Its Sabbath school has been the great work of this
Christian enterprise. During the superintendency of
Mr. T. D. Crocker the school reached an enrollment
of one thousand. Its present enrollment is five hun-
dred. The present superintendent is Mr. L. J. Tal-
bot. The Young Ladies' Society of the First Presby-
terian Church defray the expenses of the Sabbath
school.

The officers of the church at present are Rev. H.
R. Hoisington, pastor; W. W. Worswick, G. S. Egts,
J. L. Young, George Lewellyn, elders; J. P. Dutton
and J. B. Egts, deacons; J. P. Dutton, J. B. Egts,
J. N. Goulding, W. C. B. Richardson, trustees.

MEMORIAL PEESBTTERIAlSr CHUBCH.

The project of a new Presbyterian church in the
city of Cleveland, to be located in the vicinity of Case
avenue, had its origin among the members of the Eu-
clid street Presbyterian church, under the pastorate
of the late Dr. 0. A. Lyman. Early in 1868 a sub-
scription was opened among members of that church,
payable to Truman Hastings, R. R. Hatch and George
L. Ingersoll, in trust for the purchase or lease of a
suitable lot and the erection of a ohapel. With the
fund raised, nearly two thousand dollars, a lot was
bought on the corner of Sibley street and Case avenue,
and a wood chapel erected thereon, and occupied as
a Sunday school late in that year. Services were
held there until a permanent organization was effeeted,
conducted by Rev. James A. Skinner.

On the first Sabbath of September, 1870, a meet-
ing of the congregation was called at the close
of the morning service, when a committee was ap-
pointed and authorized to request the presbytery of
Cleveland to appoint a commission to make the ne-
cessary investigations, and if practicable to organize a
Presbyterian church in this place, on the first Sab-
bath of October following. Upon the application of
that committee, the presbytery appointed the Rev. 0.
A. Lyman, Rev. James Eells, Rev. E. B. RafEensper-
ger and Elder George Mygatt a commission for that
purpose.

On the second day of October, 1870, the commis-
sion met in the Case avenue chapel, and in the pres-
ence of a large congregation proceeded to organize,

in due form, the Memorial Presbyterian church of
Cleveland, Ohio.

Rev. Mr. Skinner continued to labor in connection
with this church until December, 1873. On the 32d
of December, 1873, the church issued its first pastoral
call, sending the same to the Rev. Francis A. Horton,
then pastor of the first Reformed (Dutch) church, of
Catskill, Few York. He began his labors in this
church on the second Sabbath of February, 1874, and
was installed March 33d following.

The church has a membership of two hundred and
thirty-nine, with the following officers: Rev. Francis
A. Horton, pastor;"'W. H. Van Tine, John C. Grant,
John C. Preston, Donly Hobart, Alfred Adams, Tru-
man Hastings, elders; Henry T. Collins, deacon;
Mrs. Julia L. Ozanne, Mrs. Mary W. Hastings, Mrs.
Emily A. Horton, deaconesses; Walter R. Austin,
auditor; Truman Hastings, clerk.

THE WOODLAKD AVENUE CHURCH.

This society was organized in its chapel parlor, on
the 18th of April, 1873, nearly one-half of the origi-
nal members coming from the Second Presbyterian
church. Its first officers were as follows: Elders,
Solon L. Severance, Ira Lewis, Marcus W. Montgom-
ery and Henry M. James; deacons, John J. Davis
and William W. Robinson. Its first pastor was Rev.
Edward P. Gardner, who was with the church from
the time of its organization till April, 1876. After
an interval of a year and a half he was succeeded by
the present incumbent, Rev. S. L. Blake. The church
was organized with fifty-four members. At the close
of the first year there were 175; second, ^20; third,
351; fourth, 360; fifth, 366; sixth, 310. The pres-
ent membership is about 335.

The Sunday school, under the superintendence of
E. P. Haiit, has been one of the most prominent fea-
tures of the church work and is the largest in the city.
In April 1873 its membership was 398; in 1874, 484;
in 1875, 558; in 1876, 884; in 1877, 955, and in April
last 1058.

The chapel was built before the church was formed,
and was dedicated in May, 1873. It is of brick, two
stories in hight, having parlors below and an audi-
ence room above with a capacity for seating about
four hundred. During the last year the society erected
the new church edifice, a substantial brick struc-
ture, with a seating capacity for about one thousand
two hundred persons, and containing one of the best
audience-roonrs in the State. The present property
of the church is free from encumbrance and is worth
about fifty thousand dollars.

The church is admirably located, on the corner of
Woodland avenue and Kennard street. The present
officers are as follows: Pastor, Rev. S. L. Blake, in-
stalled December 13, 1877; elders, Solon L. Severance,
William Taylor, John A. Seaton, Henry M. James,
Albert H. Massey and John Buchan; deacons, J. Cole-
man Gates, Albert P. Massey, Darwin E. Wright,
George W. Crossett, Charles H. Strong and Abraham
H. Shunk.

THE BAPTIST CHURCHES.

359

CHAPTER LII.

THE BAPTIST AND DISCIPLE CHUBOHBS.

First Baptist— Second Baptist— Third Baptist— Superior Street Baptist-
Tabernacle Baptist— Shiloh BapUst— First German Baptist— Welsh
Baptist — Scranton Avenue Free Baptist— Trinity Baptist— Garden
Street Baptist Mission— Eighteenth Ward Disciple— Franldin Street
Disciple— Euclid Avenue Disciple— Disciple Mission.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

The First Baptist Church of Cleveland was organ-
ized February 16, 1833, under the pastoral care of
Rev. Richmond Taggart. The sermon on the occa-
sion was delivered by Rev. Moses Wares, pf Colum-
bia. The pastor extended the right hand of fellow-
ship, and Rev. T. B. Stephenson, of Euclid, delivered
the charge to the church. The society came into the
fellowship of the Rocky River Baptist Association
September 38, 1833. Church meetings were con-
vened in the old academy on St. Clair street and the
old red court-house, until the removal to their own
new house of worship on the corner of Seneca and
Champlain streets. The foundation of this edifice, a
brick structure, was laid in 1834, being dedicated on
the 35th of February, 1836. The building cost thir-
teen thousand dollars, and was considered at its
completion decidedly in advance of moat houses of
worship in the West.

In June, 1836, Rev. Levi Tucker succeeded Rev.
Mr. Taggart, and, during his pastorate, which ended
November 18, 1843, there was added to the church
by baptism two hundred and twenty nine, and by
letter two hundred and four, members. Thencefor-
ward the church continued to grow strong and useful,
and from its fold have gone forth colonies which are
now influential and self-sustaining churches.

In 1855 the society purchased of the Plymouth
Congregational Church their new brick building,
corner of Euclid and Erie streets, where services
were first held April 8, 1855. Rev. S. W. Adams,
having been pastor of the church since 1846, con-
tinued in the pastorate until removed by death, Sep-
tember 37, 1864.

Subsequently, and during the pastorate of Rev. A.
H. Strong, extensive improvements were made on
the building and a fine steeple erected on the old
tower. The basement is well adapted and arranged for
Sunday school and meeting purposes. The Sunday
school, begun February 16, 1833, with forty scholars,
now numbers three hundred and sixty. There is
also connected with the church a flourishing mission
and Sunday school, of one hundred and forty schol-
ars, held at Idaka Chapel, corner of Prospect and Ken-
nard streets. The present membership of the church
is five hundred and fourteen.

The following have been the pastors, with their
years of service: Rev. Richmond Taggart, 1833; Rev.
Judah L. Richmond, 1834; Rev. E. F. Willey and
Rev. Mr. Crane, 1835, as supplies; Rev. Levi Tucker,
April 1836, to November, 1843; Rev. J. H. Walden,
April, 1843, to June, 1846; Rev. S. W. Adams, D.D.,
October 1846, to September, 1864; Rev. Augustus

H. Strong, D.D., September, 1865, to May, 1873;
Rev. A. J. P. Behrends, D.D., July, 1873, to Febru-
ary, 1876; Rev. Geo. W. Gardner, D.D., October,
1876, to July, 1878; and the present incumbent, Rev.
Philip S, Moxom, December 9, 1878.

The following are the present officials: Rev. Philip
S. Moxom, pastor; Moses White, William T. Smith,
Charles G, King, Benj. F. Rouse, R. P. Myers, J.
Wm. Taylor and James Rabon, deacons; C. A.
Crumb, 0. H. Seymour, J. P. Stanard, A. N. Mead
and W. H. Harris, trustees; G. A. Hyde, treasurer;
Geo. B. Christian, church clerk.

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.

In the year 1851, at meetings held August 14th and

18th, a formal request was made to the First Baptist

i Church by several of its members, asking that they

[ be dismissed from that body for the purpose of organ-

; izing a new society, to be known as the "Erie Street

Baptist Church." The request was granted, and on

the 3d day of September of the same year the new

society was organized as a corporate body; electing

as its first board of trustees. Ransom Green, president,

V. A. Payne, H. Ranney, A. J. Farrer, Peter Abbey

and Daniel Himebaugh, trustees; B. F. Rouse, clerk;

Ezra Thomas, treasurer. The number of constituent

members was forty-three. J. Hyatt Smith accepted a

call as first pastor October 5, 1851.-

In 1860, as for several years before, the church was
burdened with an indebtedness that it could not pay,
and it was decided to sell the edifice and lot. They
': were accordingly sold to Deacon A. A. Stoddard, for
his claim of two thousand, one hundred and sixty dol-
lars; he agreeing to assume all other liabilities. He
then leased the property to the society for a term of
three years, with the privilege of redeeming the same
on paying the prior encumbrances. In due time the
church debt was paid, and the society again became
the owner of the property.

On April 30, 1867, the building and land were sold
to the society of the German Evangelical Protestant
Church, and land was purchased on Euclid avenue,
corner of Huntington street, for the erection of a new
church edifice. The new place of worship was com-
pleted and dedicated March 5, 1871, under the name
of the "Second Baptist Church of Cleveland."

The following is the succession of pastors: Rev. J.
Hyatt Smith, from October 5, 1851, to March 38,
1855; Rev. Alfred Pinney, October 31, 1855, to July
31, 1856; Rev. D. S. Watson, April 1, 1857, to June
3, 1860; Rev. S. B. Page, January 3, 1861, to May 3,
1866; Rev. Samuel W. Duncan, called as supply for
six months, April 18, 1867, ordained as pastor, and
continued until his resignation March 10, 1875. He
was succeeded in the May following by Rev. 6. 0.
King. In 1877 Rev. Mr. King was followed by Rev.
Geo. Thos. Dowling, the present pastor. The present
church membership is about three hundred and forty.

The following are the organizations within the
church: The Ladies' Social Society, organized March

260

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

30, 1860; Women's Missionary Circle, organized in
1873; the Sabbath School, with about three hundred
and fifty members; Judson Missionary Society, organ-
ized in May, 1871.

THIRD BAPTIST CHUKCH.

On the 14th of December, 1852, the Third Baptist
Church was organized under the name of the First Bap-
tist Church of Ohio City— as the West Side was then
called. The name of the church was changed on
the union of the two cities in 1854. The organization
meeting was held in the Disciples' Church, Frank-
lin street, being presided over by Loren Prentiss.
C. A. Crumb was chosen clerk. Eight men and
twelve women covenanted together to form this
church. The society became legally incorporated
under the laws of the State of Ohio, September 30,
1853, when the following ofiBcers were elected: Rev.
IST. S. Burton, D.D., chairman; William Tompkins,
treasurer; 0. A. Crumb, clerk; John McClelland, Wil-
liam Tompkins, John Honeywell, Eichard Phillips,
C. A. Crumb, trustees.

On August 18, 1853, the church having adopted
the New Hampshire confession of faith, was recog-
nized as a regularly constituted Baptist church by a
council called for that purpose. For a few weeks
after its organization the members met for worship in
the Disciples' church, and also a few times in the
building owned by the United Brethren Society.
Whitman Hall was used for Sunday services from Jan-
uary 33, 1853, until June, 1856.

Ground was broken for the present commodious
house of worship August 38, 1855. The corner stone
of the new building was laid September 34, 1855. In
June, 1856, the church occupied the basement of the
new structure, and continued there until 1866, when
the auditorium was completed.

The building stands on the northeast corner of
Clinton and State streets, and is two stories high.
The lower story, which is entirely above ground, is
divided into Sabbath school, bible and infant-class
rooms. The auditorium and choir gallery are located
in the upper story. The former will seat about five
hundred persons. The seats, wainscoting and plat-
form are made of butternut, trimmed with black
walnut. The room is frescoed and lighted by stained
glass windows. A tall and shapely spire surmounts
the front entrance.

The church now numbers two hundred and forty
members, and supports two Sabbath schools. One of
them, numbering one hundred and fifty, is in the
church building (John E. Spencer, superintendent);
the other called the Dare Street Mission, numbers two
hundred (J. H. Lapham, superintendent). The Dare
street mission, at the corner of Bridge and Dare streets,
was opened January 1, 1871, and has since been main-
tained as a mission by the church. The school meets
in a chapel which was erected by the church and ded-
icated January 1, 1871.

The present ofiicers of the society are the foUoAving :

Rev. J. H. Scott, pastor; John E. Spencer, clerk; F.
B. Drake, treasurer; George Norris, S.. B. Wiggins,
Mark Harrison, John E. Spencer, J. H. Lapham,
trustees.

The names and terms of service of the pastors of
this church are as follow?: Rev. N. S. Burton, D.D.,
April 25, 1853, to April 23, 1854; Rev. S. B. Page,
D.D., May 1, 1854, to May 18, 1859; Rev. George W.
Gates, May, 1859, to December 31, 1859; Rev. Wil-
liam Cormac, October 7, 1860, to October 4, 1863;
Rev. A. Darrow, January 13, 1864, to January 8,
1868; Rev. M. E. Hayne, June 28, 1868, to April 1,
1870; Rev. W. F. Barten, June 5, 1870, to March 25,
1874; Rev. J. H. Scott, September 2, 1874; present
pastor.

SUPEKIOR STREET BAPTIST CHUKCH.

This society grew out of what was known as the
" Cottage Baptist Mission " Sunday School. The
school was organized by the Cleveland Baptist Union
May 30, 1852, with Benjamin Rouse, superintendent,
and twenty-three teachers and thirty-four scholars.
The school building was a cottage, arranged for the
purpose, and located on St. Clair street, near Dodge.
The school increased until January 30, 1859, when a
new chapel was erected and dedicated. From this
time services were held there until September, 1869,
when the chapel building was removed to the corner
of Superior and Minnesota streets, and Rev. E. A. Taft
employed as minister by the Baptist Union. During
this year a baptistry was put into the chapel, and
sixty-three persons united with the First Baptist
church. A church was organized September 15, 1870,
called the " Cottage Baptist Church," with one hun-
dred and six members; Rev. Edwin A. Taft being the
pastor. Mr. Taft continued with the church after
its organization about three years, to August 22,
1873. During these years there were one hundred and
six additions. On October 1, 1873, the present pas-
tor. Rev. Gilbert H. Frederick, began his ministry,
with the church. During the six years since, there
have been about one hundred and eighty additions.
The present number of members is near two hundred
and forty.

The name of the society was changed from " Cot-
tage Baptist " to Superior Street Baptist church in
May, 1878. The societies organized for church work
are the " Ladies' Benevolent Society," the " Young
Peoples' Society " and the " Band of Little Workers."
There is a home Sabbath school of two hundred and
fifty members, and a mission school known as Payne
Avenue Mission.

The officers are as follows: Rev. Gilbert H. Fred-
erick, pastor; H. S. Julier, John Coulton and John
Stephens, deacons; H. S. Julier, treasurer; John
Coulton, clerk.

TABERKACLE BAPTIST CHURCH.

The organization and establishment of this church
resulted from the work known as the Scovill Avenue
Baptist Mission, which was established in the year

THE BAPTIST CHURCHES.

261

1858, under the joint efforts of the pastors and mem-
bers of the First and Second Baptist churches, and
so continued until about 1865. After that year it
was conducted as a mission of the Second Baptist
church alone until December, 1867, when the prelim-
inary steps were taken for the organization of the
Tabernacle Baptist church. Eev. T. L. Rogers was
invited to assist in this organization, and became the
first pastor. The first officers were John Alexander,
Oscar Townsend, Wm. T. Seller, Isaac Beare and
Richard Chandler, trustees; John Abbott, clerk; Os-
car Townsend, treasurer; Isaac Beare, William Merur,
John Bennitt and A. H. Pratt, deacons. The church
at its organization had seventy members, of whom
thirty-four remain. The property on the corner of
Scovill and Sterling avenues, which had been previ-
ously occupied as a mission, was purchased at a cost of
two thousand five hundred dollars, and occupied until
February, 1879.

The church has now a membership of over two
hundred, and a Sabbatli school with an average at-
tendance of about three hundred and fifty. It has
liad as pastors Rev. T. L. Rogers, serving from
the organization to September, 1870; Rev. A. H.
State, from January, 1871, to October, 1873; Rev.
Frank Remington, from December, 1873, to February,
1874; Rev. B. F. Ashley, from September, 1874, to
May, 1878. In June, 1878, the church extended a
call to Rev. G. 0. King to become its pastor, which
was accepted July 19, 1878. Through the efforts of
Mr. King, the Garden street Baptist Mission was
united with this church. Soon after a lot was pur-
chased on the corner of Willson avenue and Quincy
street, at a cost of seven thousand two hundred dol-
lars, upon which a church was erected at an additional
cost of twelve thousand dollars. The building is con-
veniently arranged, seated with chairs, and will com-
fortably accommodate seven hundred and fifty persons.
The present church officials are Rev. G. 0. King,
pastor; Thomas Emery, clerk; George D. Brainard,
treasurer; John Bennitt, J. W. Thompson, William
Barker and William Merur, deacons; Richard Chand-
ler, John Philpott, John Bennitt, William Akers
and William Thompson, trustees.

SHILOH (colored) BAPTIST CHURCH,

on sterling avenue, was organized about 1865, and for
a time the members-of the congregation worshipped
in halls and the open air. They now own a frame
edifice on Sterling avenue, but are few in number,
and have at present no preacher.

FIBST GBEMAlSr BAPTIST CHURCH.

In the fall of 1863 Rev. Gerhard Koopman, of
Rochester, New York, was employed by the Brie
Street Baptist Church, (now the Second Baptist,)
to labor among the Germans, of whom there were
many in the congregation. He preached to them
afternoons in the Scovill Avenue Mission Chapel,
and conducted weekly devotional meetings. As the

result of his labors many Germans, through Rev. Mr.
Koopman as interpreter, were added to the Erie Street
Church. On October 4, 1866, letters were granted to
twenty-six persons to form the First German Baptist
Church, and two thousand dollars was contributed
toward the erection of their church edifice on the
corner of Scovill avenue and Forest street. Rev.
Edward Greutzner is the resident pastor of this
church. The number of members is one hundred and
seven.

WELSH BAPTIST CHURCH.

On the 19th day of April, 1868, the Welsh Baptist
Church was organized at Newburg with thirty-six
members. Tiie first services were conducted in ;i school
house, by Rev. William Owen, of Pittsburg, and
Rev. Richard Edwards, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania.
Soon after, a building committee was appointed, a lot
selected on Wire street near Broadway, and on Sep-
tember 16, 1868, the corner-stone of a new church
edifice was laid by Rev. Mr. Duncan, of Cleveland.
The building was completed in the latter part of the
same year, and dedicated under the name of the
First Welsh Baptist Church of Newburg. In October,
1868, Rev. S. Thomas was called to the pastorate, re-
maining until March, 1869. J. T. Griffiths was
called and ordained in July following. In March,
1871, Rev. D. C. Thomas became the successor of
Rev. Mr. Griffiths, and coi.tinued nine months. Eev.
Moses Wright became pastor of the church in May,
1873, staying only four months. In October, 1873,
Rev. Mr. Probert was called to sujiply the pulpit, con-
tinuing until December, 1875, when he resigned.
The pulpit, after that and until October, 1877, was
supplied by S. Job, of the Bethel Home and W. Brees
respectively, each serving without coDipensation.
Eev. W. J. Williams, the present pastor, was called
in September, 1877. He commenced his duties Octo-
ber 31, 1877, and was ordained November 25, 1877.
The society is entirely free from debt, and the build-
ings and property are in good condition. The church
membership numbers over forty. The officers are Rev.
W. J. Williams, pastor; Edward Jones, Edward Rod-
way and John Stephens, deacons; John E. Jones,
choir leader.

SCRANTON AVENUE FREE BAPTIST CHURCH.*

At a meeting held at the residence of Mr. John
Eobertson in the city of Cleveland, April 33, 1868, of
which Rev. A. G. Wilder was chairman and Rev. S.
M. Prentiss clerk, a church was organized called the
First Free Baptist Church of Cleveland, Ohio.

A lot for a house of worship was purchased and a
chapel was erected on the corner of Scovill avenue
and Putnam street, which was dedicated August 23,

1868.

This young church, assisted by the Freewill Baptist
Home Mission Society, secured for its first pastor the

* This society is not in connection with the Baptist denomination, but
is classified with it on account of there being no other of the kind in the
city.

263

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

Eev. A. H. Chase, who commenced his labors July
17, 1869, but resigned before the end of the year.
The Rev. A. K. Moulton then accepted the pastorate
of the church, commencing his labors February 3,
1870, and continuing in that relation until October
31, 1873. The church was still under the fostering
care of the Home Mission Society, in response to the
solicitations of which, the Eev. A. D. Patch accepted
a call to the pastorate of the church, entering upon
its duties March 1, 1874. In the autumn of the same
year, the society, having for a long time been embar-
rassed by serious hindrances, decided to seek a more
eligible location. After mature deliberation the pres-
ent site on the corner of Scranton and Clark avenues
was selected, and tlie name of the church changed to
that which it bears at the present time. A new brick
house of worship was immediately commenced, and
carried rapidly forward to completion, being formally
dedicated to the worship of God oa the 31st of
November, 1875, the Rev. Ransom Dunn, D.D., of
Hillsdale College, Michigan, officiating.

The three years of religious work in the new church
home have been eminently successful. During this
time the church has been wholly self-supporting, the
entire indebtedness against the church property has
been cancelled, a membershiii of nearly one hundred
communicants has been gathered, and a growing Sab-
bath school of ever three hundred members is sup-
ported. The house of worship has recently been
newly carpeted and frescoed, and otherwise improved,
adding to its attractiveness and the comfort of the
worshipers.

The officers of the church at present are as follows:
Eev. 0. D. Patch, pastor; L. W. Day and H. J. Coe,
deacons; E. J. Holmden, clerk; W. H. Ferris, treas-
urer; J. A. Moffett, E. J. Holmden, H. J. Coe, J. J.
Ralya and Alfred Kellogg, trustees.

TKINITY BAPTIST CHURCH.

The edifice used by the society of Trinity Baptist
Church wiis not completed until 1876, although the
church was organized in March, 1873; then number-
ing thirteen members. They held their meetings in
Oviatt's Hall. At the dedication of the new edifice
the society was entirely free from debt. Rev. F. Tol-
hurst was the first settled pastor of the society, and still
remains so. Under his charge the number of mem-
bers has increased to one hundred and ten. Tlie Sab-
bath school has two hundred and seventy scholars,
and is under the direction of Richard Coulton, super-
intendent.

GARDEN STHEET MISSION.

The Garden street mission of the Second Baptist
Church was organized and held its first session in the
public school building on Garden street, August 11,
1873, with I. P. Chandler as its first and present super-
intendent. The first attendance showed eight teach-
ers and fifty-eight scholars. In 1873 the mission
society moved into a new chapel on Garden street.

where it still continues. The fourth annual report
shows an enrollment of one hundred and seventy-
seven.

EIGHTEENTH WARD DISCIPLE CHFRCH.

The records of this church show that as early as
1838 a religious interest was awakened in Newburg,
under the preaching of Ebenezer Williams, from
which this church grew. In 1832 meetings were held
in the town house, conducted by Elder William Hay-
den, and in the following year under the ministry of
Elders Hayden and Williams. John Hopkiuson was
elected elder and served in that capacity for over
forty years, until his death. In 1835 an important
"yearly meeting" was held on the farm of Colonel
John Wrightman. Alexander Campbell, William
Hayden, A. B. Green, M. S. Clapp, and other min-
isters were in attendance. At this time a permanent
organization was effected. On the 31st of April,
1843, the church was i-corganized by Elder Jonas
Hartzler with thirty-five members. Soon after, while
the church was under the care of Elder J. D. Bene-
dict, the chapel on Miles avenue was built, where the
congregation still meets for worship. From that
time the ministers who have served the church are
Revs. F. M. Green, J. A. Garfield, 0. M. Atwater,
L. Cooley, John Pinkerton, J. M. Monroe, S. K.
Sweetman, J. H. Jones, and E. D. Barclay. The
church now has a membei-ship of two hundred, and
is under the ministerial care of W. R. Spindler. The
Sunday school, superintended at present by Josiah
Browning, numbers about one hundred and eighty.

FRANKLIN STREET DISCIPLE CHURCH.

This church was organized February 30, 1843, in a
small house of worship on Vermont street, Ohio City.
John Henry was the officiating evangelist. Captain
D. P. Nickerson and G. B. Tibbitts were appointed
bishops or overseers. There were over thirty original
members, and this number doubled the first year.
The first services were conducted by J. P. Eobison,
A. S. and Wm. Hayden, John Henry, J. H. Jones,
and other pioneer Disciple ministers. After Decem-
ber 10, 1843, the society met in Apollo hall, and still
later in Empire hall, on Superior street. In 1846 the
church, by mutual consent, divided, and the part
constituting this church met at Sanford's hall, on
Detroit street.

Lathrop Cooley, in February, 1846, was selected as
the first pastor. In the spring of 1846 the Sunday
school was started. A building lot was secured on
the circle and Franklin avenue, and a house of wor-
ship, forty by sixty-four feet, was commenced in 1847
and completed in 1848, the building and lot costing
about two thousand dollars, and being occupied twen-
ty-eight years.

In 1874 a new lot was secured on the south side of
the circle, and the foundation of the present house
was laid. The Sunday school chapel and parlors
were dedicated November 5, 1876. The present prop-

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHtTRCflES, ETC.

363

erty has cost, thus far, forty thousand dollars. The
edifice is one hundred and three feet long and sixty-
four feet wide; irregular in contour. It is built of red
pressed brick, laid in black mortar, and is trimmed
with brown sandstone. The irregular shape of the
material With which it is built, and the surroundings,
make it one of the most attractive churches in the city.

The members of the Detroit street mission, in East
Rockport, belong to this church. The present en-
rolled membership is three hundred and fifty. The
average attendance at Sunday school is two hundred.
Though this is not a church of wealthy members, it
has always materially helped the educational and be-
nevolent enterprises of the Disciples.

The pastors have been Revs. Lathrop Cooley, 1846
to 1852; A. B. Green, 1853 to 1855; Lathrop Cooley,

1856 and part of 1857; James A. Garfield, part of

1857 and 1858; Wm. Robison, 1859; W. D. Winter,
1860 and 1861; C. C. Foote, 1863 to 1864; B. A.
Hinsdale, 1865 and 1866; C. C. Foote, 1867; James
Cannon, 1868; Dr. S. E. Shepard, 1869 to 1871;
Lathrop Cooley, 1873 and 1873; Alanson Wilcox,
1874, and at the present time pastor.

The present officers of the church are Alanson Wil-
cox, pastor; A. J. Marvin, James Cannon and Wra.
TouslCy, bishops; R. 0. White, N. D. Fisher and
Albert Teachout, deacons.

EUCLID AVENUE DISCIPLES CHURCH.

The Euclid Avenue Church of Christ (or Church of
the Disciples) was organized on the 4th day of Sep-
tember, 1843, at the residence of Colonel Gardner,
near Doan's Corners, in what was formerly East Cleve-
land township.

Meetings had been held the preyious month, under
a tent, by members of the church in Euclid, desiring
to organize a branch church in this locality. There
were some thirty additions, and a petition dated Au-
gust 7, 1843, was presented to the parent church in
Euclid, signed by seventeen persons, asking to be set
off as a separate church.

The request was granted, and an organization was
effected, with W. P. Hudson and Theodore Stafford
as the first officers.

Elder M. S. Clapp seems to have been the first
minister who preached at regular intervals, and meet-
ings were held in the old stone school-house near the
corners. Revs. William Hayden, A. B. Green, J. H.
Jones and Dr. J. P. Robison held meetings, and
ministered during the earlier years of the church.

In 1847 a substantial framed building was erected as
a house of worship on the old cemetery lot, corner of
Doan and Euclid streets. In 1867 this buflding was
removed to the corner of Euclid and what is now
known -as Streator avenue, and, being remodeled,
served as a chapel, Sunday school room and pastor's
study In 1866 an elegant and commodious church
edifice was erected on the same lot, and is now used
by the society. The building is of wood, in the
Gothic style of architecture, and has a seating capac-

ity of four hundred and twenty persons. Its cost was
about twenty-four thousand dollars.

For donation of the lot and much of the means em-
ployed in the erection of this building, the church is
indebted to the generosity of Dr. Worthy S. Streator.

The church is now in a flourishing condition, and
numbers about two hundred and twenty members.
The Sunday school numbers over one hundred and
fifty scholars.

The following have been the more recent pastors:
Revs. J. B. Pinkerton, 1868; C. C. Foot, 1869; J.
H. Jones, 1870; J. B. Johnson, 1871; Jabez Hall
called in 1873, who yet retains the pastorate.

The present officers an; C. B. Loekwood and H. C.
White, and Rev. Jabez Hall, elders; — Asa Hudson,
J. W. Simpson, D. R. Whitcomb and Paul Hewitt,
deacons; W. S. Streator, Ira Adams and B. F.
Powers, trustees; B. L. Pennington, clerk and treas-
urer.

THE DISCIPLES MISSION.

The mission on the corner of Erie and Hamilton
streets, was first opened for church worship on Janu-
ary, ]877, by Rev. Lathrop Cooley. No permanent
church organization has ever been effected, and the
pastor receives no fixed salary, his remuneration de-
pending entirely upon voluntary contributions from
the congregation.

CHAPTER LIII.

KOMA.N CATHOLIC CHUKCHBS, ETC.

St. Mary's (on the Flats)— St. Joha's Cathedral— Cathedral Association
—St. Peter's (German)— St. Mary's of the Assumption— St. Patrick's—
Immaculate Conception — St. Bridget's— St. Mary's of the Holy Rosary
—St. Augustine's — St. Joseph's (German)— St. Wenceslaus (Bohemian)
Franciscan JConvent and Chapel— St. Stephen's— St. ;Columbkill's —
Church of the Holy Trinity —Church of the Annunciation — St. Prokop's
(Bohemiam).

ST. mart's church, (on the FLATS.)

The first Catholic Church of Cleveland was organ-
ized by Rev. John Dillon, who was the first resident
priest. The Catholics of the city them numbered but
five families. Services were held for a time in Union
lane, near where the Atwater building now stands.

Father Dillon took the first steps toward the erec-
tion of a new church, and for that purpose coUeoted
about eleven hundred dollars in New York. He died
in 1837, before the work of building had been com-
menced. He was succeeded by Rev. P. O'Dwyer,
who, with the aid of the funds raised by his predeces-
sor, and the contributions of the few Catholic families
and of generous non-catholics of tlie city, commenced
the erection of the edifice, ever since known as
"St. Mary's on the Flats."

In 1838, and before its completion. Father O'Dwyer
left the diocese, and was succeeded the by Rev. P.
McLaughlin. The church was completed and mass
celebrated for the first time, about December, 1838.

204

THE CITY OE CLEVELAND.

The entire property, including furniture, etc., cost
about three thousand dollars. Among the laymen
prominently connected with the church at an early
day, may be mentioned the names of Detner, Golden,
Wichmann, Filias, Wamelick, Duffy, Alivel, Haulon,
Fitzpatriek and Matthews. Of these Mr. Detner only
is now living.

Soon after the edifice was completed. Rev. Mr.
McLaughlin was removed and Eev. Maurice Howard
appointed pastor in his stead. He remained in charge
until November, 1847, when Rev. Amadeus Eappe,
first bishop of the diocese of Cleveland, took pos-
session of his see, made St. Mary's his cathedral, and
appointed his vicar-general. Very Rev. Louis De-
Goesbriand, pastor of the church. Father DeGoes-
briand remained in charge until 1852, when the new
cathedral on the corner of Superior and Erie streets
was opened for divine service.

From that time until the year 1863, St. Mary's was
used by the newly organized German congregation
and known as St. Mary's of the Assumption. That
society then took possession of their new church edi-
fice of the same name, on the corner of Carrol and
Jersey streets. The French Catholics used the old
church from 1863 to 1865; St. Malachi's society from
18G5 to 1868; the Bohemians from 1868 to 1872, and
the Poles, from 1873 until the present time.

ST. JOHN'S CATHEDRAL.

The most venerable Roman Catholic Church in
Cleveland is St. John's Cathedi'al. It is situated on
the northeast corner of Superior and Erie streets.
Fronting on Erie street it has a width of seventy-
eight feet, and runs east along Superior street one
hundred and seventy-five feet. It is a gothic, brick
structure, designed by Kiely, of New York. The
interior is well lighted by fourteen deep-mullioned,
stained glass windows, and consists of nave, side-
aisles, chancel, organ-gallery and bell-tower. The
auditorium is capable of seating nearly two thousand
persons.

The lots upon which the cathedral and Bishop's pal-
ace now stand were purchased in 1845 from the heirs
of what was known as the May estate, by the Rev.
Peter McLaughlin, then the only Catholic pastor of
Cleveland and the surrounding counties. Before
the appointment of Father McLaughlin an ordinary
room in the old Mechanics' Block, corner of Prospect
and Ontario streets, was the commodious chapel of
all the Catholics of Cleveland and vicinity. But the
city grew and the Catholics increased. "St. Mary's,
on the Flats," was built and promised many years
accommodation to every Roman Catholic who might
sojourn near the mouth of the Cuyahoga. But this
promise was not to be fulfilled. East from the river
the city steadily spread itself out, and Father Peter,
as he was called, resolved that he would run before it
and prepare for the future by his purchase in the
May woods. The development of northern Ohio and
the growth of Cleveland kept rapid pace. The latter

was made the See of a Roman Catholic bishop, and,
in the autumn of 1847, received its first chief pastor
in the person of the late Right Reverend Amadeus
Rappe.

Born near Bologna, in France, Father Rappe served
the TJrsuline Convent in that city as chaplain for
some years before coming to this country. There he
met Archbishop Purcell, and, hearing from him the
wants of the American church, resigned his chap-
laincy, bade adieu to friends and country, and accom-
panied the Archbishop to the banks of the Ohio.
After a short stay at Chillicothe he was appointed
pastor at Toledo, and soon made his name a house-
hold word by his labors through the valley of the
Maumee. No sooner was Cleveland made an episco-
pal see than the eye of the archbishop and those of
the bishops of the province rested upon Father
Rappe as the one most fitting to bear the burden of its
mitre. He was recommended to Rome, and Pius IX.
made the appointment.

Soon after his installation the title of lots in the
May woods, upon which Father McLaughlin had be-
gun to build a modest church, was transferred to the
new bishop. The plans of the church begun by
Father Peter were set aside and those of the Cathe-
dral, drawn by Kiely, adopted. In the. autumn of
1848, one year after his consecration. Bishop Rappe
laid the corner-stone of St. John's Cathedral.

In collecting funds for the new building, no small
task in those days, the bishop was ably and zealously as-
sisted by his vicar-general, the very Reverend Louis de
Goesbriand, now bishop of Burlington, Vermont, who
was the first pastor of the Cathedral. After the eleva-
tion of Dr. De Goesbriand to the Episcopate, Bishop
Rappe was successively assisted by the Rev. Fathers
Conlan, Mareshal, Canaher, Walsh, Hannin, Thorpe,
Carroll and Gallagher, the four first-named of whom
are now dead; but continued himself to hold the im-
mediate pastorship of the church until he resigned
in 1870.

After the resignation of Dr. Rappe, Father Edward
Hannin, of Toledo, was appointed administrator of
the diocese, and being obliged to reside in Cleveland
he managed the affairs of the cathedral until the ap-
pointment of the present bishop, the Rt. Rev. Rich-
ard Gilmour, D.D., in April, 1872. A few months
after his consecration Bishop Gilmour resolved to give
the cathedral, like other churches of his diocese, a
pastor, and accordingly called to that office the Very
Rev. F. M. Boff, V.G., then and for many years pre-
vious pastor of St. Francis de Sales' church, Toledo.
In the summer of 1872 Father Boff was installed
pastor of the cathedral, and was the first priest ap-
pointed to that office since the pastorship of Dr. De
Goesbriand.

In 1875 Father Boff resigned and was succeeded by
the Rev. T. P. Thorpe, then and for years previous
rector of the Immaculate Conception Church in the
eastern part of the city. From the cathedral had
gone out fifteen Catholic parishes, some of them now

EOMAH CATHOLIC CHURCilES, JETC.

305

having magnificent church edifices. Still the spire of
the old cathedral remained unbuilt, while hoth the
inside and the outside bore the dimming marks of
time. In 1878 Father Thorpe, generously seconded
by the people of the parish, undertook the building
of the spire, the remodeling and ornamenting of the
front, the complete renovation of the inside, the re-
placing of the old windows by richer and heavier
stained glass, together with important changes in the
chancel, the side chapels and the sacristy. The work
of renovation on the inside is now complete. The
graceful spire, surmounted by the cross, now shoots
up two hundred and forty feet from the pavement.
The work of renovating the exterior has commenced,
and will be completed next year. When all is done
St. John's Cathedral will be the most beautiful, as it
is now the most venerable, Eoman Catholic church in
Cleveland.

CATHOLIC CENTEAL ASSOCIATION.

This association is made up of delegates from all
the Catholic societies of Cleveland. It was organized
by Bishop Gilmour in 1873, and has since grown
steadily. At first, and forthi'ee or four years after its
organization, its members were nearly all delegated by
English speaking societies. But it has now a repre-
sentation from every Catholic parish in the city,
regardless of nationality, and a full delegation from
every Catholic society, without respect to language.
Social intercourse and a union of Catholics for Catho-
lic interests are the primary objects of the association.
Its members are bound neither by oath nor secret
pledge. Their deliberations are generally open; but
to prevent misunderstanding the press is often ex-
cluded from their meetings.

ST. PETEB'S (GERMAN).

St. Peter's parish was organized February 17, 1853,
for the benefit of the Germ .n speaking Catholics of
Cleveland, who had formerly worshiped with the
other Catholic congregations in various parts of the
city. For that organization a parcel of land was
purchased at the* intersection of Superior and Dodge
streets, and a school house, pastor's residence and
temporary place of worship erected thereon. They
were ready for occupancy toward the latter part of
1854. The new parish comprised about seventy fam-
ilies. The corner stone of the church edifice was laid
August 17, 1857, by the Et. Rev. Bishop A. Eappe,
and the building completed and dedicated October 23,
1859, by Rt. Eev. De Gocsbriand, Bishop of Burling-
ton, Vermont, the Rt. Eev. Bishop Luers, and the
Most Eev. Archbishop Purcell, preaching in German
and English respectively. The extreme length of the
edifice is one hundred and forty-five feet; the width
seventy feet; hight of tower and spire two hundred
and fifty-four feet. Attached to St. Peter's is a spa-
cious school building, erected in 1873 by Eev. P. Wes-
terholt, at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars.
Adjoining the parish school is a convent erected by

the Sisters of Notre Dame in 1877, of whom, including
novices, there are fifty, this convent being their moth-
er-house in America.

St. Peter's at present numbers four hundred fami-
lies and twelve hundred communicants. The present
pastor is Eev. F. Westerholt, assisted by Thomas
Litterst. Present council, Messrs. John Kuhr, John
M. Luew, Matthias Wagner, Frederick Twilling.
The following have been pastors^ with the duration of
their charge from the time the Germans met for sep-
arate worship: Eev. James Eingell, 1848-9; Eev.
Matthias Kreusch, 1849-50; Eev. Peter Kreusch,
1850-51; Eev. N. Eoupp, 1851-53; Eev. J. H. Luhr,
1853-68; Eev. F. Westerholt the present incumbent.

ST. mart's 01? THE ASSUMPTION (GERMAN).

Previous to 1853 the German Eoman Catholics of
Cleveland had not been organized in separate pai'ish
churches, but worshipped in what was called the old
"Flat church," on Columbus street, in common with
the other Catholics. At the time of opening the Ca-
thedral to the English-speaking Catholics by Bishop
Eappe, the Germans of the society were granted the
use of the "Flat church." Rev. Henry Luhr was
appointed to the charge and organized the first dis-
tinct German Catholic church in February, 1853. In
1854 the Germans divided into two smaller congrega-
tion and Father Luhr was made viear-general for all
German Catholic churches in the diocese.

Early in the year 1857, under the pastorate of Eev.
Louis Kramer, land was purchased and a school-house
for temporary worship and educational purposes erect-
ed on Jersey street. In September, 1857, Father Kra-
mer left the parish and was succeeded by Eev. Fr. H.
Obermaller. He left the church in 1861 and Father
Hammer had charge until March, 1863, when Eev.
Stephen Falk was appointed pastor. During his pas-
torate the new church was commenced. The corner
stone was laid September 13, 1863. It was completed
and dedicated August 13, 1865, under the title of " St.
Mary's of the Assumption Church." The dedicatory
services were conducted by Et. Eev. Bishop Eappe
and assistants. The church has a seating capacity for
eight hundred persons. Connected is a parochial
school in six divisions, with about four hundred and
thirty scholars, under the direction of three Christian
Brothers and three Ursuline Sisters.

ST. PATRICK'S.

St. Patrick's congregation was organized and the
first services held on the Sunday within the octave of
Epiphany, 1854, by Very Eev. James Conlan, V.G.,
the first pastor, who remained in charge until his
death, March 3, 1875.

The first church edifice built by this society was
commenced in 1855 and completed in 1857, at .a cost
of about ten thousand dollars. The edifice was built
of brick, plain, and amply large for the then small
congregation. For more than ten years all the Eng-
lish-speaking Catholics of the West Side belonged to

2G6

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

St. Patrick's. To accommodate the rapidly increas-
ing number of these people, new congregations Avere
formed, viz. : St. Malachi's, St. Augustine's and St.
Clary's of the Annunciation, the latter partly French.

Notwithstanding these gradual separations from St.
Patrick's, it was found necessary to build a larger
church. The corner-stone was laid in July, 1871, by
Archbishop Piircell, and the sermon on the occasion
was preached by Bishop Gilmour, then pastor of St.
Joseph's, at Dayton. The church is not yet completed,
although services have been held there during the
summer for several years past.

At the time of building the iirst church, schools
were established which, owing to the zeal of the sev-
eral pastors in charge, rank among the first parochial
schools of the city. Their attendance numbers about
eight hundred scholars, taught by the Christian
Brothers and Ursuline Sisters.

The several pastors of St. Patrick's, with their
terms of service, have been as follows : Very Kev. Jas.
Conlan, Epiphany, 1854, to March 3, 1875; Eev. J.
V. Conlan, March, 1875, to April, 1877; Kev. E. M.
O'Callaghan, the present pastor, appointed in April,
1877.

CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION'.

The Immaculate Conception parish was organized
as a mission chapel, attached to St. John's Cathedral,
in the year 1856. Three city lots were purchased by
Et. Kev. A. Kappe, D.D., on the corner of Superior
and Lyman streets, Mr. Joseph Lyman, from whom
they were bought, at the same time donating one lot
more. A framed building was moved to the spot and
used for divine service, conducted by Kevs. J. P. So-
1am, E. Sullivan and A. M. Martin, respectively.

Among the oldest members were James Watson, 0.
M. Doran, Joseph Harkins, Thomas Mahar, Daniel
Mulcahy, Dennis Mulcahy, Dennis Sheridan, James
Crotty, Daniel Taylor, Thomas Maher, Thos. O'Riel-
ly, Patrick Eennell and Andrew McFally.

In the spring of 1865 Rev. A. Sauvadet was ap-
pointed first resident pastor. He soon erected a rec-
tory and a school building, the third story of which
was used for some time for church purposes.

In October, 1870, Rev. T. P. Thorpe succeeded to
the p'astorate, receiving his appointment from Very
Rev. E. Hannin, administrator of the diocese, and
soon built the present temporary wood structure. On
the 15th of August, 1873, the corner-stone was laid
of the massive stone church now in course of con-
struction on the corner of Superior and Lyman streets.

On the 33d of June, 1876, Rev. A. K. Sidley, the
present incumbent, appointed by Rt. Kev. R. Gilmour,
D.D., succeeded to the pastorate, continuing the work
of the church.

ST. Bridget's.

St. Bridget's Church, on Perry street, was organized
in May, 1857, by Kt. Rev. Bishop Kappe. About
twenty members met in St. Mary's Orphan Asylum,

on Harmon street. They resolved to buy a lot and
build a church. The building was a small brick edi-
fice, and cost about seven hundred dollars. Mass
was celebrated there on Christmas, 1857. Services
were conducted by priests from the cathedral and
St. Mary's Seminary. Father O'Connor took a prom-
inent part in the organization of the parish. Eev.
Father Martin and Rev. John Quin attended the par-
ish for some years.

Rev. Father Leigh was the first resident pastor.
During his administration a building standing on the
corner of Prospect and Pejry streets was purchased
and moved to the church lot, to serve as a school-
house. Father Leigh died there in 1865. J. Storey,
Mr. R. E. Mix and Mr. T. Hynes were the first coun-
cilmen, continuing as such until 1865.

Rev. Jas. Monaghan succeeded Kev. Father Leigh.
Under his administration a new school house was
built. The lot and house adjoining the church was
bought for about six thousand dollars. The house
was used as the pastor's residence. Ground was also
broken for a new church. Rev, Father Monaghan was
transferred to a new field of labor in June, 1873.

Rev. B. B. Kelley succeeded Rev. J. Monaghan as
pastor in June, 1873. Kev. B. B. Kelley was suc-
ceeded by Rev. P. J. McGuire in August, 1874. He
remained until January, 1876. Rev. Wm. McMahon
succeeded Rev. P. J. McGuire in February, 1876.
During that year the congregation paid about four
thousand dollars — the balance due on the old debt,
and current expenses in addition. The field being
now clear, the people went to work with a will to erect
the new church. Many changes were made in the
original plan. Work was begun in May, 1877, and
the first services were held in the new church on
Christmas of the same year. On the same day,
twenty years before, mass had been said in the old
building. The new church is one hundred and fifty-
two feet long and fifty feet wide; forty-eight feet to
apex of ceiling. It is Gothic in style, built of brick,
with stone trimmings. There is a commodious base-
ment under the whole church. The total cost, not
including furniture, was about thirty-five thousand
dollars.

The congregation now numbers a little more than
two hundred families. There are three divisions in
the parochial school, and about two hundred pupils
enrolled. About the same number attend Sunday
school. The present church officials are Rev. Wra.
McMahon, pastor; W. C. Kelley, James Burden,
Edward Madden and Thomas Ryan, councilmen.

ST. mart's of the holt rosart.

In 1860 Rev. E. M. O'Callaghan organized in New-
burg the church called St. Mary's of the Holy Rosary,
and after preaching for three years in the Town Hall
and other available places, built a fine stone church in
1863. From thirty families in 1860 the congregation
has increased to the large number of five hundred in
1879.

ROMAiSr CATHOLIC CHURCHES, ETC.

367

The successors of Father O'Callaghan haye been
Revs, Francis Sullivan, J. Kuhn, John Daudet and J.
F. GfvUagher. Rev. Mr. Gallagher, the present pastor,
is asgisted by Rev. James Monahan, and has charge
also of St. Columbus Academy, the church parochial
school, numbering upwards of seven hundred pupils.

ST. Augustine's.

This parish comprises within its limits that portion
of the city which is known as the Hights, South
Side-^a part of the Twelfth and the whole of the
Thirteenth wards. Prior to 1860 the few Catholic
families in this district were attached to St. Patrick's,
West Side. In that year the Rt. Rev. A. Rappe, first
bishop of Cleveland, purchased a large lot on the
corner of Jefferson and Tremont streets, and built
the front half of the present frame church. The
Revg, T. Carroll, J. F. Gallagher, and T. M. Maho-
ny attended the church from St. John's Cathedral,
where they were successively assistants to the bishop.

In 1867 the growing congregation was provided
with a resident pastor, the Rev. A. Grandmongin.
After him Revs. T. W. Higgins and J. P. Carroll
held, pastoral charge for short terms until September,
1874, when Rev. W. J. Gibbons received his appoint-
ment. His health failing, he was obliged to relinquish
his charge in July, 1875. The church was then
plq,ped, temporarily at first, under the care of the Rev.
Edward Mears, and his appointment was soon after-
wards made permanent. Under his administration
the interests of the congregation were greatly ad-
vanced, all the old debts of the church were paid, and
a ijew building erected.

February 1, 1877, the Rev. W. J. Gibbons was re-
appointed pastor. In the same year the church was
enlarged to its present dimensions, and the interior
gj-eatly improved. A neat chapel was also built in
cpnnection with the church, and both were dedicated
Sunday morning, December 9th, by the Rt. Rev.
liichard Gilmour, D.D., bishop of the diocese.

About five hundred and fifty communicants attend
the church regularly, and four schools are main-
tained.

ST. Joseph's (German).

The present church edifice of St. Joseph has long
since superseded the framed one of the same name,
built in the year 186x!, for the use of the Bohemian
and German Catholics, then under the pastoral care of
Rev. Andrew Krasny. In the year 1867 the Very Rev.
Kilian Schlosser (at that time commissary provincial
of the Franciscan Fathers in America,) took charge of
St. Joseph's Church and congregation. He soon after
delegated the charge of the parish to the Rev. Capis-
tran Zwinge, O.S.F., with an assistant. Rev. Domin-
icus Drossier, O.S.F. Not long after this the Bohe-
mians separated from the Germans, and built a
church for themselves.

The Rev. Capistran Zwinge died in the year 1874,
and the Rev. Kilian Schlosser again took charge of

the parish. He laid the corner-stone of the new
church edifice in 1871, and dedicated it on the
5th of October, 1873, the Rt. Rev. Richard Gilmour,
bishop of Cleveland, officiating. The plan of the
building is similar to the far-famed cathedral of Co-
logne. The church has a frontage of ninety feet
on Woodland avenue, and extends on Chapel street
one hundred and sixty feet, to which are added a sac-
ristry-entrance, portal and school-house, making a
total depth of two hundred feet. The front contains
three entrances, the main one being in the form
of a porch, supported on columns with carved capi-
tols. In style of architecture the church is purely
Gothic, and it can hardly be equaled by any other in
the city either for outward beauty, or interior orna-
mentation.

Connected with the parish is a college, conducted
by the Franciscan Fathers, and a parochial school, by
the Brothers of the same order. The parish numbers
about one thousand members, attended by Rev. Kilian
Schlosser and assistants, all of the order of St. Francis.

ST. WENCESLAUS (BOHEMIAN).

Prior to the year 1867 the Bohemian Roman Catho-
lics held their rehgious services in "St. Mary's Church,
on the Flat," afterward in the cathedral. At that time
they organized meetings, and elected as trustees John
Burck, John Kavelir, John Havelicek and John
Koenig. On February 37, 1867, lands on the north-
east corner of John (now Arch) street were secured,
on which they erected a brick church edifice, fifty by
ninety feet in size. The corner-stone was laid Octo-
ber 30, 1867. The first pastor was Rev. A. Kresing,
who served two years, and, on account of long illness,
was superseded by Rev. George Reran ek. He re-
mained only three months, when Rev. J. Revis was
called to the pastorate, and remained until 1873.
Rev. Anthony Hynek, the present pastor, was then
called. The society numbers about three hundred
and seventy-five families and fifteen hundred com-
municants. In 1877 a parochial school, arranged for
four classes, was built at an expense of four thousand
dollars.

CONVENT AND CHAPEL OP THE FKANCISCANS.

In January, 1868, the late Right Rev. Amadeus
Rappe, first bishop of Cleveland, called sevei-al mem-
bers of the Franciscan order from the mother-house
in Tentopolis, Effingham county, Illinois, to bhis city.
After purchasing a suitable place, on the the corner
of Hazen and Chapel streets, they erected a monas-
tery, whose first superior was Rev. Capistran Zwinge,
O.S.F. The number of inmates being four, at first,
it was called a residence, whose superior bears the
name of praeses. In course of time, however, its num-
ber being increased, it was raised to the rank of a
convent in 1877 (one of fifteen of this class in the
United States), whose superior possesses more extense
rights, and for this reason bears the distinctive title of
Guardian. The number of inmates belonging to the

268

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

institution consists of ten priests and six lay-brothers.
The present superior of the community is the Very
Rev. Kilian Schlosser, O.S.F., who has been at the
head of the institution since 1872. He is assisted
in governing the convent by Kev. Bouaventure
Machny, O.S.F.

There is also a small chapel connected with the
convent, which is dedicated to St. Joseph. It was
built in 1869, and was consecrated by the Righl Rev.
August M. Toebbe, Bishop of Covington, Kentucky,
on the 13th day of November, ISTO.

In 1876 the Very Rev. Kilian Schlosser erected a
stately brick building on Chapel street, which bears
the name of St. Joseph's College. It was chartered
in 1878, and its average attendance numbers seventy
students. Seven professors, of whom five are clergy-
men and t*vo laymen, are engaged in this institution.

ST. Stephen's.

St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church was founded
by Rev. H. Falk, by dividing St. Mary's parish, in the
year 1869.

A chapel was erected on Courtland street, with
rooms for parochial schools. Two hundred families
belonged at that time to the parish, with about three
hundred school children. On the 7th of September,
1873, the corner-stone was laid, by Rt. Rev. Bishop
Gilmour, of the new stone church. The extreme
length of the edifice is one hundred and sixty-five
feet, and the width seventy-five feet, built in Gothic
style with two transepts and stained glass windows.
On the 2d of July, 1876, the first service was held.
The parish numbers now about three hundred families
with four hundred school children. Since the parish
was founded, Rev. C. Reiehlin has been pastor.

ST. columbkill's.

This church was organized by Father O'Reilly in
1870, and in the same year a brick house of worship
was erected at the corner of Superior and Alabama
streets. In 1872 Bishop Gilmour made of St. Co-
lumbkill's a " Chapel of Ease," and attached it to the
parish of St. John's Cathedral. Early services are
held there once a week, by priests of the parish.

ST. MALACHl'S.

St. Malachi's was organized in 1865, and for three
years the congregation worshiped in the old church
of "St. Mary's on the Flats." In 1868 a fine brick
church was built on Washington street near Pearl
(West Side). Rev. J. P. Maloney, the founder of the
church, is still, and always has been the pastor. His
assistants have been Revs. T. Smyth, M. P. Kinkead
and W. J. Fitzgerald. The congregation is a flour-
ishing one, and includes four hundred and ninety
families.

CHURCH OF THE HOLY FAJIILT.

In 1870 Rev. J. Kuhn organized the Church of the
Holy Family, whose congregation was about equally

divided between the Irish and Germans. In the same
year he built a brick edifice at the corner of Wood-
land avenue and Geneva street, and since that time
the building has served for a house of worship, school
and jDarsonage. A new church will soon be built upon
an adjoining lot, and thus the school — a growing one
in charge of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart — will
enjoy enlarged accommodations. The congregation,
which numbers now upwards of three hundred fami-
lies, is in charge of Rev. P. Bsecker; Rev. Mr. Kuhn
having retired in April, 1879.

CHURCH OF THE ANNUNCIATION (FEBNCH).

This church on the southwest corner of Hurd and
Moon streets was established in 1870, for the benefit
of the French Catholics of Cleveland. The edifice
is a framed building, forty by ninety feet in dimen-
sions, and was erected at a cost of about fourteen
thousand dollars. The number of original members
was about one hundred and fifty; the present number
is nearly two hundred. The Sabbath school scholars,
about two hundred in number, are all children attend-
ing the parochial school.

The first pastor was Rev. A. Sauvadet, who held
the position until the year 1878, when he was suc-
ceeded by Rev. A. Gerardin, the present incumbent.

ST. PKOKOP'S (BOHEMIAN).

In the year 1872, at the request of the Bohemian
Roman Catholics living on the west side, the Rt. Rev.
Bishop Gilmour granted permission for the erection
of a church edifice and the establishment of a church
for the Bohemian Catholics of Cleveland. Soon after
four lots were purchased on Burton street and the
ei'ection of a house of worship commenced. The
building was completed and dedicated in 1874 by the
Very Rev. T. M. Boff, vicar-general. The number of
families in this society is about two hundred. Eev.
Joseph M. Koudelka, is pastor. The school, in con-
nection with this society, numbers about one hundred
and seventy children and is conducted by sisters of
Notre Dame.

CHAPTER LIV.

THE CONGKEGATIOWAIi CHURCHES.

The First Congregational— Euclid Avenue Congregational— Plymouth-
Centennial Welsh Congregational— University Hights— Mt. Zion—
Welsh Congregational— Harbor Street Mission— Madison Avenue Con-
gregational-Franklin Avenue Congregational.

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church was organized December 21, 1834, in
pursuance of a resolution adopted at a meeting held
on the 18th of the same month. Rev. John Keep
was chosen moderator, and thirty-eight names were
taken of persons disposed to unite with the new church.
Of these, six are still members, viz: Mrs. Ursula M.
Taylor, Miss Catharine Taylor (Mrs. LufEkin), Mrs.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.

269

Jane MoGuire, Miss Esther Taft (Mrs. Robinson),
Miss C. H. Buxton (Mrs. S. H. Sheldon) and Miss
M. A. Buxton (Mrs. Skinner). While adopting the
Presbyterian name and form, the Congregational prin-
ciple of annual eleetiou was distinctly recognized by
the church.

A temporary house of worship was erected and dedi-
cated May 3, 1835. The same day Rev. John Keep
commenced his pastoral labors. On January 7, 1836,
he was dismissed, and on November 9, following.
Rev. J. D. Pickands took charge, and remained until
April, 1839. Meanwhile, in February, 1838, a por-
tion of the church (forty-four in number) withdrew,
by letter, to organize a Congregational church. In
the summer of 1841 a reunion of the two churches was
effected on a Congregational-Presbyterian basis, the
eldership being dispensed with and a committee sub-
stituted, and the church continuing its connection
with the presbytery.

Prior to this reunion. Rev. H. A. Read was chosen
stated supply, in June, 1839, and served the church
until October 4, 1840. On the 17th of the same month.
Rev. William P. Russell became the minister, closing
his labors in April, 1841. With the reunion com-
menced the pastoral labors of Rev. S. B. Canfield,
who came with tlie Congregational church, of which
he had been pastor. His ministry closed in the fall
of 1844. He was succeeded in September by Rev. C.
L, Watson, whose pastorate lasted till September,
1848.

The church, having ceased from 1848 to send dele-
gates to the presbytery, stood unassociated till October
18, 1857, when it voted to send a delegate to the
Cleveland Congregational Conference.

In December, 1848, Prof. J. A. Thome, of Oberlin
began his labors as pastor, although he was not in-
stalled till February 27, 1856. Under his leadership,
and prior to the last date mentioned, the society
built the edifice now occupied on the corner of De-
troit and State streets, It was dedicated August 14,
1851. His labors ceased in July, 1871. Since 1857
the society has changed its named to "the First Con-
gregational Church of Cleveland." In April, 1873,
Rev. S. H. Lee, previously of Greenfield, Massachu-
setts, entered upon the duties of pastor. He was in-
stalled June 9, 1873. He accepted another call, and
was dismissed, September 34, 1878. The church
numbers three hundred and forty-seven members.
The deacons of the church are J. B. Palmer, S. H.
Sheldon, W. H. Newton, H. J. Brooks, C. T. Rogers
and T. S. Newton.

EUCLID AVENUE CONGKBGATIONAL CHUECH.

This church was organized November 30, 1843, by
Rev. Dr. S. C. Aiken and Rev. S. C. Cady. Nineteen
persons constituted the society, viz: Cyrus Ford,
Clarissa Ford, Horace Ford, Horatio C. Ford, Sam-
uel Cozad, Hetty Ann Cozad, Elizabeth Walters, Ed-
win Cowles, Almena M. Cowles, Jonathan Bowles,
Samuel F. Baldwin, Lydia Baldwin, Rhoda Clark,

Cornelius Cookley, Harriet Cookley, Jarvis F. Hanks,
Charlotte Hanks and Ronielia L. Hanks.

The articles of faith and covenant of the First
Presbyterian Church of Cleveland were adopted, and
the infant church was christened the "First Presby-
terian Church of East Cleveland." Cyrus Ford,
Jarvis F. Hanks, and Samuel W. Baldwin were elect-
ed elders.

During the winter of 1843 and the succeeding sum-
mer, when a preacher could not be secured, Bible
services were held Sabbath mornings in what was
known as the " old stone school house," situated in a
back lot between Republic and Doan streets, near
Euclid. In the autumn of 1844 the Methodist
Church was secured, where Bible services with occa-
sional preaching were held for several mouths. Dur-
ing the summer of 1845 Rev. Benjamin Gage fre-
quently supplied the pulpit on Sabbath afternoons.
In the autumn of 1845 Rev. A. McReynolds — em-
ployed by the Cleveland presbytery as county mis-
sionary— was given charge of the church, with which
he continued to labor for nearly three years. About
this time the society occupied the school-room in the
old "Railroad Hotel," corner of Republic and Euclid
streets. In the summer of 1846 the foundation was
laid of the " little bi'ick church," still standing on
the corner of Doan and Euclid streets. On Septem-
ber 20, 1849, the church was dedicated, the building
costing but three thousand dollars.

In 1852, on account of the attitude of the Presby-
terian Church toward the institution of slavery, this
church withdrew from the presbytery and became an
independent Presbyterian church, remaining such for
a few years, until it united with the " Congregational
Conference of Ohio." On entering the "little brick
church " there was a large increase in the Sabbath
congregations, and also in church membership, and
in 1865 the church edifice was found too small for
the accommodation of the worshippers. After free
discussion a resolution was unanimously passed to
build again.

At this time Dr. W. S. Streator generously donated
the lot on the corner of Logan and Euclid streets, and
contributed three thousand dollars toward the erection
of a new church edifice. Subscriptions were raised,
and the building of the new house began in the spring
of 1866; it was completed and dedicated January 8,
1868. In 1873 the small chapel in rear of the main
building was torn down, and a large and beautiful
chapel erected, which was dedicated June 8, 1873.

Again the audience room of the church was found
too small, and in 1874, by the liberality of Justus L.
Cozad, it was enlarged, and the sittings increased to
nearly eleven hundred. The membership of the
church at its organization, 1843, was nineteen; in
1846, forty-nine; in 1855, sixty-one; in 1870, one
hundred and eighty-four; in 1875, four hundred and
fifty; present membership, six hundred andsixty-five.

The following have been the pastors: Revs. S. C.
Cody, A. McReynolds, C. L. Watson, C. W. Torry,

270

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

A. D. Barber, A. M. Eichardson, J. E. Twitchell,
D.D., -who began his labors in the winter of 1869.
The superintendents of the Sabbath school have been
J. F. Hanks, who served ten years; Horace Ford, five
years; Horatio 0. Ford, seventeen years; J. W.
Closke, six years. Tlie following are the present
church ofiioials: Eev. J. E. Twitchell, D.D., pastor;
Horace Ford, W. H. Doan, J. W. Closke, S. C. Hale,
C. M. Preston, E. R. Taylor, deacons; Henry Taylor,
Julius King, Justin Snow, Henry Ford, Byron Fay,
church committee; W. H. Doane, Thomas Wilson,
L. N. Camp, A. Bradley, A. H. Stone, trustees of
the society; Henry Ford, treasurer of the church;
H. Clark Ford, treasurer of the society; B. F. Whit-
man, superintendent of the Sabbath school; S. C.
Hale, assistant superintendent.

PLYMOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church was organized March 25, 1850, with
thirty members, and adopted the name of the Third
Presbyterian Church of Cleveland, standing inde-
pendent of other ecclesiastical organizations. A ma-
jority of the members preferring the Congregational
order of woi'ship and government, in August, 1852,
its ecclesiastical polity was changed, and the church
became " Congregational," adopting the name of
"The Plymouth Church of Cleveland."

The place of worship occupied by the church for
three years from its organization, was the building on
Wood street, known as the Tabernacle, or Round
Church. During the summer of 1853 the church
moved into the edifice erected on the corner of Euclid
and Erie streets, which was subsequently sold to the
First Baptist Society of Cleveland, and vacated in the
spring of 1855. For two years thereafter the Wesleyan
Chapel, on Euclid street near the Park, was occupied
as a placeoE worship. In January, 1857, the society
purchased the building on Prospect street, known as
the Prospect Street Church, which was enlarged, re-
modeled, and in November, 1857, dedicated to the
worship of God. Here the society worshiped for
fifteen years. Its last meeting in this church was
July 28, 1872, after which, the Prospect Street Church
having been sold to the Homeopathic Medical College,
the society repaired, and until the erection of Ply-
mouth Chapel occupied, the school house, corner of
Prospect and Perry streets. The first and dedicatory
service in Plymouth Chapel took place April 26,
1874.

Rev. Edwin H. Nevin was the first pastor, whose
ministerial labors lasted four years.

In November, 1854, the Rev. James C. White ac-
cepted an invitation to supply the pulpit. He received
an unanimous call in the January following to become
pastor, and was installed in August, 1855. He re-
signed September 2.3, 1861.

The successor of Mr. White was the Rev. Samuel
Wolcott, D.D., who was installed Februarys, 1862,
and who, after a faithful pastorate of twelve years,
was dismissed by council February 17, 1874.

The present pastor, Eev. Charles Terry Collins, was
installed January 27, 1875.

The church at present numbers three hundred and
thirty members. It has a prosperous mission chapel
(Olivet) on Hill street, corner Commercial. In its
two Sunday schools it has an average attendance of
nearly five hundred children. The present oflBcers of
the church and congregation are S. H. Cowell, J. G.
W. Cowles, A. F. Holmes and L. M. Pitkin, deacons;
S. P. Churchill, A. C. Kendel, R. N. Williams and
the pastor and deacons, ex-oflBcio examining commit-
tee; Asahel Strong, clerk; S. H. Stilson, treasurer;
George Hall, A. C. Kendel, J. G. W. Cowles, H. A.
Tuttle and B. S. Cogswell, trustees; S. P. Churchill,
superintendent Sunday-school; L. P. Hurlburd, su-
perintendent Olivet Sunday-school; E. S. Abell, sex-
ton.

CENTENNIAL WELSH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church had its inception in a series of prayer-
meet ngs held at the house of William E. Jones, at
Newburg, as early as the year 1858. Prominent
among the originators of these meetings and the
subsequent growth and organization as a church
society were David I., John, Thomas D., George M.,
Evan and William E. Jones and Moi-gau Harris, and
their families.

During this year the church was organized under
the temporary ministerial service of Rev. D. Davies,
of Portage county, Ohio, assisted by Rev. Richard
Richards and George M. Jones, of Newburg. The
original number of communicants was about twenty.
Thomas D. and William E. Jones were elected dea-
cons.

The first church edifice, a framed building twenty
by thirty feet, was built on Wales sti-eet in 1859, and
in 1861, on account of rapid increase in the church,
was enlarged to twice its original dimensions. In
1862 the Calvinistic Methodist members of the church
withdrew, and organized a separate church on Can-
non street. Again, in 1863, the Baptist members
also established a church on Wire street, and sepa-
rated themselves from the mother society. These
losses at the time considerably weakened the church,
but the vacancy was soon filled, and it has now a
membership of about one hundred and sixty.

In 1876 a large and beautiful brick edifice was
erected on Jones avenue at an expense of sixteen
thousand dollars. As this was built during the hun-
dredth year of American independence it was dedi-
cated as the "Centennial" Welsh Congregational
Church.

The several pastors, with their terms of service,
have been as follows: Rev. Wm. Watkins, 1864; Rev.
John E. Jones, 1866 to 1870; Rev. Wm. Lewis, 1871
to 1874; Rev. John Jones, 1875 to 1877; and Rev.
W. P. Edwards, called 1878.

The present church officials are Rev. W. P. Ed-
wards, pastor; Thomas D. Jones, David I. Jones,
David F. Lewis, Richard Thomas and Thomas

THE C0NGREGAT10]^AL CHtTRCHES.

271

Thomas, deacons; George Russcle, David M. Eicli-
ards, Thomas D. Jones, Eichard Thomas, David I.
Jones, David F. Lewis and Thomas Thomas, trustees;
Thomas Thomas, treasurer.

THE UNIVERSITY HIGHTS CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

was organized by a regularly called council on the
13th day of November, 1859. It was originally in-
tended that the church should be independent or
undenominational. Accordingly the council was
composed of pastors and delegates from three denom-
inations. Viz. : The First and Plymouth Congrega-
tional, Second Presbyterian and St. Glair street (now
First) M. E., churches, while the pastor was a Wes-
leyan Methodist. It was soon found, however, that
the church had unconsciously adopted some of the
leading principles of Congregationalism, and there-
fore, in 1863, application was made to, and the church
was received and recognized by, the Cleveland Con-
gregational Conference. This step placed it in full
accord with that branch of the church militant. The
regular services of the church were held for two years
in a school house on University Hights, and for four
years following in what was then known as the Cleve-
land Institute. In 1866 the church removed into a
house of worship erected (of brick) on the corner of
Jennings avenue and Howard street. This building
cost nearly sixteen thousand dollars. In 1877 this
building was enlarged and remodeled at a further ex-
pense, including furnishing, of over twenty thousand
dollars. The ediBce is now pleasant and commodious,
cruciform in shape, and has a seating capacity of five
hundred and fifty. Since organization, with an orig-
inal membership of thirty-four, the church has had
upon its roll the names of four hundred and twenty-
six communicants, of which death and dismissals
leave a membership of two hundred and forty-seven.
The first officers of the church and society were
elected November 15, 1859, as follows: Of the church

Rev. Wm. H. Brewster, pastor; John G. Jennings

and Eliphalet C. Parks, deacons; Norman S. Har-
rincrton, James Gayton, Ranson F. Humiston and
Brewster Pelton, standing committee; Wm. A. Baker,
treasurer; John G. Jennings, clerk. Of the society
— Josijih G. Graham, president; E. C. Parks, vice
president; W. W. Wright, R. F. Humiston, James
Gayton, B. Pelton, F. Judson, trustees; F. Judson,
treasurer; W. A. Baker, auditor; John G. Jennings,

clerk.

Since its organization the church has had but four
pastors, viz.: Rev. Wm. H. Brewster, from 1859 to
1868- Rev. T. K. Noble, from 1869 to 1872; Rev.
Wm.'H. Warren, from 1873 to 1875; Rev. Newell M.

Calhoun, 1876. , , i, . i,

The present officers of the church are as follows:
Rev N. M. Calhoun, pastor; Henry R. Hadlow,
Charles BufEett, John G. Jennings, Dr. A. G. Hart,
deacons; Martin House, Hiram V. Wilson, Stephen
Owen standing committee; M. House, treasurer;
Alex C Caskey, Sabbath school superintendent; H.

V. Wilson, H. S. Allen, assistant superintendents;
Dr. W. J. Sheppard, clerk. The officers of the soci-
ety are the following: Dr. A. G. Hart, president;
Isaac P. Lawson, vice president; H. R. Hadlow, S.
W. Sessions, M. Snider, T. H. Lamson, M. House,
trustees; H. C. Holt, treasurer; W. J. Sheppard,
auditor; Charles Bnflett, clerk.

MT. ZION CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

was organized on Sunday, September 11, 1864, by a
council called for the purpose at Plymouth Congre-
gational Church. The early organization consisted
of nineteen members. Mt. Zion was the first Congre-
gational church organized among colored people in
the West.

The first meetings were held from house to house;
afterward in Richards' Hall. Finally, in the spring
of 1865, a lot was bought on Erie street, near Web-
ster, and the erection of a house of worship was com-
menced. ' After a long attempt to pay for the build-
ing, they were compelled to dispose of it by sale in
1872, and purchased with the proceeds the present
building and lot on Maple street, near Garden. The
size of the lot is fifty feet by one hundred and seven;
that of the building, forty feet by sixty. This church
has had three regular pastors: |Rev. J. H. Muse,
installed December 3, 1864; Rev. C. E. Ruddick, in
September, 1875; Rev. A. J. DeHart, in January,
1878.

The church is now in a prosperous conditon; and
numbers about one hundred and fifty-seven commu-
nicants. The Sunday school numbers one hundred
and seven scholars. The following are the present
officials: Rev. A. J. De Hart, pastor; Samuel Sutton,
Gad Worthington, Stephen Wright, Andrew Tolbort,
deacons; S. L. Freeman, J. R. Warren, William
McCoy, trustees; Mason Brown, clerk; David Rayner,
treasurer.

THE WELSH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

was organized on the 9th day of October, 1870, at
Bethel Hall, with twenty-two members. The cler-
j gymen officiating in the services were Rev. D. Davis,
|(Dewi Emlyn) Rev. C. N. Pond, A. M., of Oberlin,
Mr. Isaac Hughes, student, of the same place. The
following persons were duly elected and installed in
their different offices: Rev. John M. Evans, pastor;
Joshua Enoch and John D. Edwards, deacons; Price
H. Jacob, secretary; John Thomas, treasurer.

In 1873 the society moved from Bethel to a hall in
the Atwater Block, with twenty-eight members and
twenty families. At this time Elias Thomas was in-
stalled as deacon. On the removal of John D. Ed-
wards to another city, Kinery Griffiths was chosen
secretary and Elias Thomas elected treasurer.

In the year 1873 the society moved to Temperance
Hall with about thirty- two members. In February,
1878, Temperance Hall was vacated and the meetings
were and still are held in a dwelling on the West Side.

372

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

HARBOR STREET MISSION (DARE MEMORIAL CHURCH.)

The Mission Chapel, on Harbor street, was organ-
ized in the year 1873. It was completed and dedi-
cated in May, 1874, under the auspices of the First
Congregational Church, and named " The Dare Me-
morial Church," in honor of the lady who gave the
land on which the edifice was built. The cost of the
building was five thousand dollars. Rev. S. B. Ship-
man was called to take charge of the mission and
continued about two years. This mission is now
under the charge of, and to a great extent supported
by, the First Congregational Church Society. The
First Church also provides a pastor for the mission.

MAniSON AVENUE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

The present house of worship of this society was
built mainly by members of the Euclid Avenue Con-
gregational Church, and used as a mission chapel untii-
July, 1875, when the church was regularly organized
with twenty-two members. Eev. 0. D. Fisher was
called to the pastorate, which position he still re-
tains. The church edifice is built of wood, thirty-
five by sixty-eight feet in size, and is situated oh the
corner of East Madison avenue and Quincy street.
The first church officers were J. B. Taylor, S. Biddle,
S. Beckwith, deacons; Mrs. M. A. Loomis, clerk. First
officers of the society: S. Beckwith, J. B. Taylor, J.
Anderson, trustees; S. Biddle, treasurer; J. Elliott,
clerk. The present church and society officers are
Rev. 0. D. Fisher, pastor; S. Biddle, S. Beckwith,
R. Mylchrist, deacons; J. Anderson, S. Biddle, B. P.
Boner, trustees; R. N. Cain, treasurer; Mrs. M. A.
Loomis, clerk.

The Sabbath school, numbering about two hun-
dred and thirty scholars, was organized in 1875 under
the superintendence of B. F. Whitman.

THE FRANKLIN AVENUE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

was organized November 21, 1876. Its chapel, sit-
uated on the corner of Franklin avenue and Waverly
street, had been used for several years before as a mis-
sion Sabbath school of the First Congregational
Church. Fourteen members of that church joined
with sixteen others for the purpose of organizing the
new church, making thirty original members. Rev.
S. B. Shipman, who had labored with the mission for
a few months, was employed as pastor.

The present number of members is seventy; num-
ber in the Sabbath school, two hundred and fifty.
The present officials are Rev. S. B. Shipman, pastor;
D. Holt and J. Burlison, deacons; J. Overholt, clerk;
J. Carlisle, treasurer; L. L. Haskins, superintendent
of the Sabbath school.

CHAPTER LV.

BVAWGEIiICAIi* AND OTHER CHURCHES.

Sehifflein Christi— Salem of Evangelical Association— Zion— Trinity—
Zion of Evangelical Association— St. Paul's— Calvary of Evangelical
Association— United German Protestant— Emmanuel of Evangelical
Association- Zion German Evangelical— First German United Protes-
tant-Trinity Evangelical— Friedenskirche— Trinity Evan. Prot^^t-
John's— Anshe Chesed— Tifereth Israel— B'ne Yeshurun— Beth Israel
— Chebra Kadisha— Anshe Emeth— First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
and Sixth German Reformed Churches— Ebenezer Bible Christian
Church — Bible Christian (Eighteenth Ward) — First and Second
Churches of United Brethren— Church of God— First Reformed (Hol-
land)—True Dutch Reformed— Free Dutch Reformed— The Friends-
Church of the Unity— The Spiritualists -New Jerusalem Church— Mis-
cellaneous.

SCHIFFLEIN CHRISTI CHURCH.

In the year 1834 there were but fifteen German
families in Cleveland. These joined and organized
the church then known as the German Evangelical
Protestant Church. The organization was accom-
plished, and early meetings were held, in the old
Bethel building between Water street and the Supe-
rior street hill. The meetings, with preaching by Rev.
John Frederick Tanka, were conducted every third
Sunday until May, 1836, when the society moved to
what was known as the Third Ward School on St.
Clair street. In 1838 it again moved to an upper
room on Superior street, between Seneca and Bank
streets, but remained in this place only one year. In
1839 it removed to Ross Block, on the corner of
Superior and Seneca streets, which was occupied by
the society until August 1, 1841.

During the years prior to 1841 the society had pur-
chased a lot on the corner of Hamilton and Erie
streets at a cost of five hundred and fifty dollars, and
erected thereon a church edifice at an expense of five
thousand five hundred and fifty dollars. The first
services were held in this edifice in August, 1841,
and the edifice dedicated as the "Sehifflein Christi"
(Ship of Christ) Church. In the summer of 1877
the society dedicated the elegant brick church edifice
now occupied by them on the corner of Superior and
Dodge streets. This was biiilt during the years
1876-7, and cost nearly thirty-five thousand dollars.
The pastors since 1834 have been as follows: Revs.
John F. Tanka, William Busey, Edward Allard
assisted by Theodore Stenmear, William Schmitt,
Frederick Poruss, Benjamin Fieth, Henry Schorsten,
Charles Muench, Otto Telle. The church has one
hundred and eighty members, and a Sabbath school
of two hundred scholars under the superintendence
of Rev. Otto Telle.

■There are fifteen churches in Cleveland, all German, bearing the
appellation of " Evangelical." They do not all belong to the same de-
nomination, but there is a general similarity in their creeds, and we
have found it impracticable to arrange them otherwise than under the
general head of "Evangelical." They are the flrst fifteen of this chapter.

EVANGELICAL AND OTHER CHtJRCHES.

373

The present church officials are Rev. Otto Telle,
pastor; George Angel, John Lendy, John Leading,
Christ Kleinschrodt, August liohner, George Kulin,
Adam Wagner, Christian Bbert, Henry Kerschner,
John Riedel, William Hill, Jacob Kirsch, trustees.

The Schifflein Christi is the oldest German church
in Cleveland, and the one from which have grown all
other German Evangelical churches in the city.

SALEM CHUECH (OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.)

This church was organized in the year 1840,
through the efforts of two German families, by the
name of Schemerer, father and son. The first ser-
vices were conducted by a circuit preacher named
Stroch, and in the following spring Cleveland was
made a mission. A house of worship was built near
the lake and dedicated as Salem church of the Evan-
gelical Association. In 1845 the building was re-
moved to a more suitable location, the corner of Erie
and Eagle streets. In a short time the old church
was torn down and the substantial brick edifice erected
now in use. Out of this, the mother church, have
grown four others in the city, one a station and the
others prosperous missions. The church has a mem-
bership of one hundred and twenty-three, and a Sab-
bath school under the charge of G. Konig.

The officers of the church are G. Konig, M. Lillig,
Henry Zimmerman, H. Koch (secretary), G. Knipple
(treasurer), trustees. The succession of missionaries
has been Revs. L. Einsell, H. Heiss, N. Geho, —
Trubel, P. Nicolai, C. G. Koch, G. E. Spreng, J.
G. Zinser, J. Watz, J. P. Schuatz, Job Watz, John
Bernhardt, L. Scheuermann, J. G. PheufEer, G. W.
Pislfer, B. L. Mueller, L. Scheuerman, C. Hammer,
G. Theuer, A. Mueller, 0. G. Koch, J. G. Theuer,
C. P. Negele and A. Bornheimer.

ZION CHUKCH (evangelical LUTHERAN, U. A. C.)

Zion parish was organized in April, 1843, and D.
Schuh called as pastor. In 1845, Mr. Schuh having
resigned, August Schmidt became the pastor of Zion
parish, and continued in office until succeeded by
Rev. H. C. Schwan, the present incumbent. This
was in August, 1851. From that time the parish
has continually increased, numbering at present over
twelve hundred communicants.

The present large and commodious house of wor-
ship was completed and consecrated in 1867. It
stands on the corner of Erie and Bolivar streets.
Connected with Zion church is Zion chapel, corner of
Superior street and Willson avenue, having a member-
ship of two hundred and forty, attended by Rev. Paul
Schwan. The present officials of Zion church are
Rev. Henry C. Schwan; Rev. Paul Schwan, assistant
pastor.

TRINITY CHURCH (EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN, U.A.C.)

Trinity parish was formed from Zion church in
1853, and I. C. W. Lindeman called as pastor. Early
in 18'c4 the venerable Friederich VVynekcn was chosen

pastor of Trinity, which has since continued to grow
in strength and influence. At present the number of
communicants is over fourteen hundred. The large
and handsome church building, situated on Jersey
street, between Lorain and Chatham streets, was
erected and dedicated in 1873.

Trinity chapel, situated on the corner of Scranton
and Seymour avenues, is a branch of Trinity church.

The officials of Trinity at the present time are Rev.
J. H. Niemann, pastor; Rev. H. Weseloh, assistant
pastor; B. H. Brinker, J. H. Nolte, W. Walker, Fr.
Fahle, G. Walker, J. H. Hemann, G. Albers, E. li.
Schulte and Fr. Reese, wardens and trustees.

ZION CHURCH OP THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.

This parish was organized as a mission in the month
of May, 1856, with eight members, among whom
were M. Brodbeck, Barbara Brodbeck, Abram Stol-
ler, Louisa Stoller, H. Peter and Mary Peter. The
Ohio conference of the Evangelical Association estab-
lished the mission, and appointed the Rev. J. Watz
to do the pastoral work. In 1857 the number of mem-
bers had increased to forty-five. In 1872 the old
church edifice, preyiou sly used, was removed, and the
present building erected, thirty-two by fifty feet in
dimensions, at a cost of two thousand five hundred
dollars. The mission has at present fifty-five mem-
bers. The Sabbath school has sixty scholars.

The following missionaries have had charge since
1856: Revs. J. Watz, M. Hang, R. Matt, 0. F.
Behner, 0. Tramer, L. Schemerman, Wm. Schmidt,
Geo. Hasenpflug, Fred. Zeller, J. G. Pfeuffer, G. Hein-
rich, J. D. Seip, C. Kimzli and 0. Hammer. The
present officials are Rev. 0. Hammer, missionary; J.
G. Koenig and C. Rehn, leaders; Jacob Bmerick,
treasurer. The same persons are also stewards.

ST. PAUL'S (evangelical UNITED).

Previous to 1857 two congregations professed the
faith of the Evangelical United Church, and wor-
shiped— one up town, and the other down town; in
that year they agreed to make a junction and organize
a church. The church was organized by Rev. Mi-.
Steiner, and attached to the Evangelical Synod of the
West. Services were at first held in a public hall, but
after a brief space a church was built on Greenwood
street, which latter was in 1870 replaced by the fine
brick edifice at the corner of Scovill avenue and
Greenwood street, known as St. Paul's. The pastors
of the church have been Rev. Messrs. Steiner, Gro-
emlein, Young, Bank, Zeller and W. H. Buettner.
The latter was the pastor in August, 1879, when the
congregation of St. Paul's included one hundred and
twenty families.

CALVARY church (EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION).

This church was organized in the spring of 1862,
under the auspices of the Pittsburg Conference.
Rev. S. F. Crowther wasfippointed as the first pastor.
The society was afterwards ti'ansferred to the Ohio

274

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

Conference. In 1862 a committee, appointed for the
purpose, purchased a lot on the corner of Kinsman
street (now Woodland avenue) and Perry sti'eet. In
1863 the present church edifice was completed; a
plain structure of brick, with a basement and prayer-
meeting rooms. The building is forty-two by seventy
feet in size. The parsonage is in the rear and on the
same lot.

The society was duly incorporated in 1864, John
Eobertson, T. G. Clewell, John A. Worley, James
Ward and E. Yeakel being named as trustees in the
act of incorporation.

The following have been successively appointed
pastors of this church : Eev. S. F. Crowther, 1862 to
1864; Eev. William Whittington, 1864 to 1868; Eev.
Hiram Longbrake, 1868 to 1869; Eev. H. F. S.
Sichley, 1869 to 1871; Eev. William Whittington,
again, 1871 to 1872; Eev. George W. Miesse, 1872 to
1874; Eev. Jesse Lerch, 1874 to 1876; Eev. Samuel P.
Spreng, the present pastor, since April, 1876.

UNITED GBRMAK CHURCH (EVANGELICAL
PROTESTANT. )

This church, now in charge of Eev. H. C. Fack,
was organized about 1860, and includes in its congre-
gation near one hundred and fifty families. The
house of worship, a fine brick structure, is at the cor-
ner of Bridge and Kentucky streets, west side.

EMMANUEL CHURCH OF EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.

The early meetings of this society were held in a
grove and school-house on the south side, from 1862 to
1864; then a chapel was built on Jennings avenue,
twenty-eight by forty in size, under the charge of
Eev. L. Scheuermann, pastor of Salem church. Soon
after this, and during the year 1864, an organization
was effected, witJi John Herr, Jac. Weith and George
Becker as trustees. In 1866 Eev. J. K. Pontius suc-
ceeded to the pastorate, and remained until 1868.

In 1873 a new church edifice was commenced. The
building was completed and dedicated January 25,
1874. The edifice is a framed building, in size forty-
six by sixty-five feet, with a spire one hundred and
fifteen feet in hight.

The society numbers at present one hundred and
forty communicants, and has a Sabbath school with
one hundred and sixty-two scholars. Since the retire-
ment of Eev. Mr. Pontius, the following have had pas-
toral charge of the society: Eevs. George Hasenpflug,
G. F. Spreng, J. D. Seip, J. G. Theuer, M. Guhl.

The present officers are Eev. J. D. Seip, pastor;
Ch. Shur, I. Frerighs, Ch. Heurigi, stewards; John
Buck, John Becker, Jr., Charles Buck, Ch. Heurigi,
D. Watdomeier, trustees.

ZION'S CHURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL.).

Zion's Church, on University Hights, located at
the corner of Jennings and Branch avenues, was or-
ganized in the year 1867. The church edifice, a frame,
formerly stood on Pel ton avenue, and was removed to

its present location. The first pastor of the church
was Eev. A. Baur, called in October, 1867, who re-
mained until August, 1868. Eev. G. Boohest was
next called, who continued till November, 1871. Eev.
0. Shetler served as pastor from then until Angust,
1878. The society numbers about four hundred fam-
iles, one hundred of whom are church members.
Connected with the church is a Sabbath school, hav-
ing an average attendance of two hundred and fifty.
This church forms a part of the German Evangelical
Synod of North America. Eev. Albert Klein is the
present pastor.

FIRST GERMAN UNITED EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT
CHURCH.

This church is located on the corner of Ohio and
Erie streets, and was, in the year 1868, purchased by
Nicholas Heisel, Henry Keller and John C. Wagner
from the Brie Street Baptist society for the sum of
$14,500. The First German church was organized on
the 21st day of March, 1869, with Eev. Wm. Schmidt,
pastor. On the 20th of October, 1869, the church
was legally incorporated, the following gentlemen be-
ing named as trustees and officers: Charles Wabel,
president; Fred Hamm, secretary; John C. Wagner,
treasurer; N. Heisel, H. Keller, J. G. Denzel, C. Koe-
neck, H. Schmidt, John Eock, P. Schuethelm, J.
Hoffman and P. Burgart, trustees.

On July 1, 1871, N. Heisel, H. Keller and J. 0.
Wagner deeded the church, for fourteen thousand
five hundred dollars, to the church corporation. At
present the society numbers about two hundred
persons, one hundred of whom are members. The
following are the present officials: Eev. P. Len-
schau, pastor (since October 25, 1874); John Eock,
president; John C. Wagner, secretary and treas-
urer; C. Koebler, P. Hill, H. A. Heimsath, J. Wit-
zel, G. Boepple, L. Schuerer, G. Fix, Gottfried Saal,
E. Hill and J. Piper, trustees.

TRINITY EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

This church, at no time very strong, includes now
twenty-eight members and has existed since 1872.
The place of worship is on East Madison avenue.
The pastor is Eev. S. J. Gamertsfelder.

FRIBDENSKIRCHE (EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION).

The Priedenskirche (Church of Peace) was organ-
ized as a mission in 1873, with L. C. Eggert as ex-
horter; Charles Fistler, class-leader; S. Biel, C. Pist-
ler and L. C. Eggert, trustees. A chapel, twenty-
eight by forty feet, was built in the fall of 1873, under
the supervision of Eev. J. G. Theuer, and dedicated
in December following. In May, 1 874, Eev. Mr. Theuer
was succeeded by Eev. W. W. Orwig, who remained
until March, 1876, when Eev. C. P. Negele was called
to the pastorate.

At the time of the formation of the Erie Confer-
ence, in 1875, this church was set off to that organiza-
tion from the Ohio Conference, to which it had previ-

EVANGELICAL AND OTHER CHURCHES.

275

ously belonged, and Rev. A. Bornheimer assigned to
the pastorate, He remained until March, 1877, when
Rev. J. D. Seip, the present pastor, was called.

The church numbers at present seventy communi-
cants, and has a Sunday school with one hundred and
twenty scholars.

The present official board consists of G. Bidling-
meier, clasg-Jeader; S. Biel, S. Seith, G. Bidlingmeier,
stewards; Q. Pistler, S. Biel, S. Gruhl, G. Bidling-
meier, trustees.

TRINITY CHURCH (EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT)

is a flourishing organization, and has a fine house of
worship at the corner of Case avenue and Superior
street. Rev. August Kimmel is the present pastor.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN.)

The members of the Zion Lutheran church residing
in the vicinity of the Newbiirg district, desiring a
place of worship nearer their homes, organized St.
John's church in 1878, and directly thereafter built a
church edifice on Bessemer avenue. The membership,
which was at first seventy, had risen in a twelvemonth
to one hundred and twenty. Rev. August Dankworth,
who was called to the pastorate at the church organ-
ization, still occupies it. The deacons of the church
are Oscar Schmidt and Frederick Huppensack; the
trustees are H. Bruus, H. Thies and H. Poesa.

AJfSHB CHESED CONGREGATION (hEBRBW).

This society was organized in 1840, in Farmer's
Block, corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, with
about twenty-five members. Mr. Seligman Stern was
the first reader and minister, and the late Joseph
Englehart was the first president. The congregation,
on account of rapid growth, found it necessary to
build a house of worship. A lot was selected on
Eagle street, between Erie street and Woodland ave-
nue, and a synagogue was completed in 1848. Since
thqn it has twice been rebuilt and enlarged. In 1874
the old prayer-book, used for centuries among the
Israelites, was changed for another more in con-
formity with the spirit of the present age, though the
Hebrew language is still, with but few exceptions,
retained in the prayers, while the sermons are deliv-
ered alternately in German and English.

The congregation is at present In a flourishing con-
dition, counting about one hundred and fifty mem-
bers with a Sabbath school of one hundred and
twenty-five scholars. The following have been the
rabbis" since Mr. Stern: Rev. A. Lehman, until 1848;
Rev Mr E_uld, 1848 to 1856; Rev. Dr. Kalisch, 1856
to 1859; Rev. Mr. Bing, 1859 to 1861; Rev. Mr.
Licpman, 1861 to 1863; Rev. G. M. Cohn, 1863 to
1875- Rev. Dr. M. Machol, the present rabbi, installed

March 1, 1876. , «, • i i, r,

The following are the present officials: Kev. Dr.
M Machol, rabbi; S. Newmark, president; L Rein-
tb'il vice-president; H. Blahd, treasurer; S. M.

Goldsmith, secretary; A. Becker, A. Feil, M. Halle,
I. Levy, Marx, I. New, S. Skall, F. Strauss, J. Wer-
theimer and I. Wolf, trustees.

TIFERETH ISRAEL CONGREGATION (HBBREW).

This congregation was established in Cleveland, on
orthodox principles, in 1854, by a learned rabbi. Rev.
M. Kalish, the first minister. The early services
were held in a hall on Superior street, until the
society received a legacy from the late Judah Touro,
of New Orleans, amounting to six thousand dollars.
With this the society built the synagogue now occu-
pied by them on Huron street. The congregation,
organized with a membership of twenty persons, now
numbers one hundred members. The successive min-
isters have been Revs. M. Kalish, Jacob Cohn, Dr. I.
Mayer and Dr. A. Hahn, the present incumbent.
This congregation has always been an ardent advocate
of Judaism, and ranks with the most radical reform
congregations in the country.

B'NE YESHURUN CONGREGATION (HUNGARIAN HE-
BREW).

This congregation was organized about 1869, and,
for a time, met for public worship in Halle's Hall, on
Superior street. In 1877 a removal was made to No.
71, Michigan street, (the old German theater build-
ing), which has since then been used. The congrega-
tion numbers about forty members, but is composed
of poor people, and is far from strong. Rev. E. M.
Kline, who was chosen pastor in 1875, still serves,
and preaches every Saturday. The church trustees
are L. Berger and H. Sampliner.

BETH ISRAEL CHEBKA KADISHA CONGREGATION
(HEBREW).

This Hebrew congregation was organized in 1874
with but a handful of members, who have since in-
creased to thirty-five. The place of worship is on Hill
street. The trustees are J. Harris, L. Bialosky and
B. Goldman. The pastor is Rev. Elias Rothschild.
A division in the ranks of the Beth Israel Chebra
Kadisha in 1876 resulted in the creation of a congre-
gation known as

ANSHE EMETH.

There are but twenty members of this congrega-
tion, who worship in a hall on Broadway, under the
direction of Rev. Henry Bernstein.

FIRST REFORMED CHURCH (GBRMAN).

The First Reformed Church was organized in 1848
through the efforts of a lay member, Mr. F. G. Kauf-
holtz, and was served by him until his death in 1860.
So great was his zeal for the welfare of the Germans
around him that, although only a day laborer, he out
of his own savings built a house of worship, the First
German Church, on the West Side. The organiza-
tion remained independent until the year 1860, when
a call was extended to Rev. H. J. Ruetenick, who
succeeded in uniting the church with the Reformed

276

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Sj'uod. Under his pastoral charge a new church was
bniltin 1863. In 1870, Eev. P. Forwick was called
to the pastorate, in which he still remains. A. Close
is the present secretary; H. Wolfkamm the treasurer.

SECOND EEFOBMED CHUKCIJ (GEUMAN).

This church is a branch of the First Eeformed, and
was organized in the year 1863 under the pastoral
care of Rev. H. J. Euetenick, of that church, on ac-
count of the rapid growth of his congregation. The
present pastor is Rev. J. C. Young.

THIRD REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN).

This society, an offshoot of the First German Re-
formed Church, was organized in 1868. The church
edifice was built at a cost of one thousand and fifty .
dollars, at 194 Aaron street, and dedicated October 4,
1868; the church having then but ten members. The
membership at present numbers one hundred and
forty-five; the Sabbath school has an attendance of
one hundred and fifty. The pastors have been Revs.
Nathaniel Rutenich, 1868-71; Paul Schuelke, 1871-74;
Carl Gustav Zipf, present incumbent.

FOURTH REFORMED CHURCH (GEBMAN).

The Fourth Reformed congregation- was organized
on the 10th day of December, 1872, at the residence
of John Jacob Grebel. Rev. H. Trautman was cho-
sen president; Christian Diehm, secretary. John
Jacob Grebel and John A. Scherzer were elected eld-
ers; Albert Pretzer, Christian Diehm, Chr. Sauj)e
and H. Eehburg, deacons. The same officers consti-
tute the board of trustees. Rev. H. Trautman was
chosen minister. On the 1st of February, 1873, two
lots on Louis street with a house were purchased, to
be used as a parsonage, at a cost of two thousand
eight hundred dollars. In the spring of 1873 a
framed church edifice, thirty-two by sixty feet in di-
mensions, was constructed, at an exj^ense of three
thousand dollars. The building was dedicated Au-
gust 17, 1873; the church numbering at that time
forty-eight communicants. In 1875 the membership
had increased to ninety-six, since which time there
have been no material additions. The congregation
is composed of Germans, and the service is conducted
in their language.

FIFTH REFORMED CHURCH (gERMAN).

The Fifth Reformed Church had its origin in the
First Church in the early part of 1873, several fami-
lies being dismissed from the First Church society for
the purpose of organizing the church. The church
edifice is situated on Higgins street, near Clark
avenue. Rev. J. J. Weiss was chosen as the first
pastor, and continued until succeeded recently by the
present incumbent, Eev. W. Braun. The church is
yet supported by the Board of Home Missions.

SIXTH REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN).

This church was organized in 1877, by members of
the Second Reformed Society. The place of worship

is on Henry street. The society was endowed with
a neat chapel on Broadway by Mr. B. Sturm, and is
under the pastoral charge of Rev. A. E. Schade.

EBENEZEE BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

This was organized in 1852, at the residence of Mr.
Josiah Venning, on Orange street. In 1853 a small
framed church was built at the corner of Irving and
Orange streets, which was replaced by the present
brick edifice in I860.

The first trustees were Josiah Venning, Walter
Ayers, James Rabone, G. H. Hill, James Gill and
Geo. Newman.

The names of the pastors in the order of their ser-
vice are Revs. John Chappie, Joseph Hoidge, W. R.
Roach, William Hooper, M. Pett, G. Haycraft, John
Pinch, J. T. Sencabaugh, W. Hodnett, W. C. Beer,
R. T. Courtice, S. Jolliffe, H. J. Nott.

The present trustees are Josiah Venning, John
Collacott, James Gill, William Morrish, John W.
Keetch, Samuel Taylor and James Reece.

The present number of communicants is one hun-
dred and four. The number of scholars in the Sun-
day school is one hundred and foi'ty.

BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (EIGHTEENTH WARD).

This church was organized in 1872 with twenty
members, and for a while was obliged to worship in
public halls. At length the Methodist Church edi-
fice was purchased, and in that building services have
since been held. Rbv. Wm. Hodnett organized the
church; afterwards the preachers were Revs. John
Ball, George Copeland, James Reece, Herman More
and H. J. Nott. Mr. Nott is pastor of Ebenezer
Church, on Orange street, and supplies the pulpit at
Newburg in the absence of a regular pastor.

The members now number fifty, the present trus-
tees being John Barrabel, James Chinnock, Stephen
GifEord and John Snell.

FIRST CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN (GERMAN).

This was organized in March, 1854. William
Krumweide, John Viets, Jacob Eeese, Chr. Gutt and
Peter Offermann comprised the original board of trus-
tees. Services were held in the edifice of the English
Chui-ch of the United Brethren until the year 1861,
when a lot was secured, and a building erected on
Lorain street. This edifice was dedicated during the
same year by Bishop H. Kumber. In 1864 this prop-
erty was sold, and another lot bought on the corner
of Peach and Orchard streets, upon which a larger
building of brick was erected at a cost of eight thous-
and doUai-s, to accommodate the rapidly increasing
society. The following is the succession of pastors
with their respective terms of service. E. Licht,
from 1855 to 1857; B. Frillmann, 1857; E. Licht,
1858; H. C. Crom, 1859; C. F. Eckert, 1860 to 1862;
G. Baeker, 1862 to 1864; C. Schneider, 1864 to 1866;
B. Lorenz, 1866 to 1868; C. Streich, 1868 to 1871;
M. Bussdicker,-1871; A. Krause, 1872 to 1876; J.
Earnest, 1876 to 1878.

c?a

^,yi- (^y.'^'-^-'i.A^ C:/^ CX-^^^T-^T-yc-t-y^

EVANGELICAL AND OTHEE CHURCHES.

377

The present churcli officials are Rev. J. Sick, pas-
tor; Rev. J. Welti, local preacher and class leader;
John Werth, C. F. Boast, John Lemnurniann, Fred'!?.
Reindfleisch and Henry Reindflcisch, trustees; Pred'k.
Poller, Sunday-school superintendent.

SECOND CHURCH OF THE UNITED BEBTHREN (GER-
MAN).

The Second is an outgrowth of the First Church
of the United Brethren, and was organized in 1874.
The society soon erected a church edifice of wood at
the jnuction of Elton and Dudley streets, west side,
which is so constructed as to contain a pastoral
residence in the rear part, and cost two thousand
five hundred dollars. This church was mainly sup-
ported by the society of the First Church, and was at-
tended by its pastor and local preachers until the con-
ference of 1877, when it was made independent.
Rev. Jacob SchoUer was assigned to the pastorate hy
the conference at this time, as a missionary, and still
continues as such. Benjamin Seifried, Jacob Welti
and Michael Prechter are trustees. The. Sabbath
school, under charge of Benjamin Seifried, has eighty
scholars.

CHURCH OF GOD.

This congregation (professing the faith that all
people should be of one church and that church tlie
Church of God,) was organized about 1860, and from
that time to the present has worshiped in public
halls — its present place of meeting for devotional pur-
poses being at the corner of Case and Woodland
avenues. The membership now numbers seventy,
the elders being L. C. Cattell, John Jones and J. A.
Morgan . The church is at present without a pastor.

FIRST REFORMED CHURCH (hOILAND).

The society just named was organized bytheClassis
of Geneva June 16, 1864, at which time the church
membership was fifty-six — the rules of government
being the constitution and general rules of the Dutch
Reformed Church in America. The first house of
worship was erected on Scovill avenue; in 1875
it was succeeded hy the present church building
on Blair street. The first minister was Rev. A. K.
Kasse; the present one is Rev. A. Wormser. The
membership numbered about two hundred in August,
1879.

THE TRUE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH

on Calvert street, east side, was organized in 1873, by
seceders from the First (Holland) Reformed Church
on Blair street. Its membership is forty, and its
preachers are supplied by the Reformed Church of
Michigan.

THE FREE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH.

This is another congregation of Hollanders, which
was organized in 1875, and has now a membership of
sixty. It meets on Waverly street on the west side.
Pulpit supplies are provided by the church in Mi-
fchigan.

THE FRIENDS CHURCH.

The first members of the Society of Friends, known
to have settled in Cleveland, were James Farmer and
wife, who came in the year 1866. For several years
they observed the usual hour of worship in the parlor
of their house. Other families of like belief coming
to the city, a chapel was rented, in which temporary
services were conducted in accordance with the ortho-
dox principles of the society. In 1874 a house of
worship was built on Cedar avenue near Sterling, at a
cost of ten thousand dollars. Meetings are held there
each Sunday- and Wednesday. No regular minister
is employed, but the society has four resident preach-
ers, three of whom are women. They are David
Tatum, Meribah Farmer, Theodate S. Pope, Hannah
B. Tatum. The elders are James Farmer, Albert
French and Mary Stackpole.

CHURCH OF THE UNITY (UNITARIAN).

This, the only Unitarian society in Cuyahoga
county, was organized February 1, 1867, after earnest
and protracted efforts. At the first meeting thirty-
five persons took part, and with such interest that,
although its adherents were few in number, the suc-
cess of the project was assured. The trustees elected
at the organization were Rodney Gale, S. A. Jewett,
B. F. Robinson, Geoi'ge 0. Baslington and John H.
Underwood.

Rev. T. B. Forbush was secured as the first pastor,
and services were held in Case Hall every Sunday.
The society prospered fairly until 1875, when it lan-
guished, and for three years no public worship was
lield. In 1878, however, there was a strong revival of
interest, and the society set out upon a renewed career
which has led thus far to bright and cheering results.
Weisgerber's Hall, at the corner of Prospect and
Brownell streets, is now used as a place of worship,
and near there the society is erecting a commodious
stone church edifice which will cost about ten thous-
and dollars. Rev. F. L. Hosmer, the second pastor
of the church, has been in ciiarge since 1878. The
society is now in a condition of health and strength,
the church attendants numbering about two hundred.
The trustees for 1879 are Thomas Kilpatrick, Thomas
H. AVhite, B. Sowers, George R. Gale, Bushnell White
and James Storer.

SPIRITUALISTS.

The First Religious Society of Progressive Spirit-
ualists meets each Sunday at Lyman Hall, on Monu-
mental Square. Connected therewith is a Children's
Progressive .Lyceum.

NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH (sWEDENBORGIAN).

This church was organized March 33, 1868, with
twelve members, who called Rev. C. D. Noble to be
their pastor, and appointed A. 0. Blair, M. Carson
and Gr; W. Barnes members of the church council.
A small chapel was at first engaged as a house of wor-
ship, and in 1874 the one now in use on Arlington

278

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

street was built. The pastors have been Revs. C. T>.
Noble, L. P. Mercer, J. S. Saul and G. F. Stearns.
There are now about forty members; the present trus-
tees being M. G. Browne, George Judson and A. H.
Cline.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Among the numerous missions, chapels etc., in
Cleveland, which are used for occasional services, and
which can hardly be assigned to any regular place in
church history, may be mentioned St. Joseph's Chapel
(Roman Catholic), corner of Chapel and Hazen
streets; the Armory at East Cleveland; Cottage
(Methodist Episcopal) Chapel, corner of Willson ave-
nue and Prospect street; German Baptist Mission, on
Payne avenue; German Methodist Mission, on Purdy
street; Lake Shore Chapel, on Lake street; Pearl
Street Friendly Inn; River Street Friendly Inn; Tem-
perance Chapel, on St. Clair street; Central Place
Friendly Inn; Union Mission, on Brie street. Olivet
Chapel, on Hill street; and the Ontario Street Taber-
nacle, which last structure was built on the occasion
of an anticipated Moody and Sankey season.

CHAPTER LVI.

BBrfEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

Charity Hospital— Homoeopathic Hospital — City Hospital— Protestant
Orphan Asylum— St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum— Jewish Orphan Asy-
lum—Home for the Aged Poor- Bethel Union— Young Men's Chris-
tian Association— Women's Christian Association— Women's Chris-
tian Temperance League— Convent oE ihe Good Shepherd— Firemen's
Relief Association— St. Mary's Orphan (Girls) Asylum— St. Joseph's
Oiphan Asylum.

CHARITY HOSPITAL.

It is to the zeal of Bishop Rappe that Cleveland
owes its first public hospital. In the spring of 1853
he had a framed building erected on Monroe street,
West Side, on the same lot on which St. Vincent's
Orphan Asylum now stands. Owing to his very
limited means, the bishop could not fully carry out
his long cherished plan of erecting an asylum for the
sick and injured of the city, the building being
small and the sisters in charge— two Hospitaliers of
the order of St. Augustine and two Postulants, who
came from France the year previous — few in number.
Yet the good sisters kindly received all applicants and
cared for them as best they could, though laboring
under many and great disadvantages.

During the late war, when many of our soldiers re-
turned to Cleveland either sick or wounded, and
found no place where they could get the tender care
of trained nurses and skillful physicians and surgeons,
Cleveland fully realized the necessity of a hospital.
Bishop Rappe, ever ready to promote a good work,
and seeing a near realization of his plan, offered to
build a hospital, and provide nurses, and surgical and
medical aid, if the public would come to his help.
His appeal was not in vain. All citizens, without dis-
tinction of nationality or creed, came to his aid. He

purchased twelve lots on the east side of Perry street,
bounded by Garden and Marion streets. In the
spring of 1863 Charity Hospital was begun. Aided
by the generosity of the citizens of Cleveland — their
contributions at a fair and by subscriptions amount-
ing to about twenty thousand dollars, one gentleman
alone giving the princely donation of ten thousand
dollars — the building was opened to the public in the
fall of 1865, and cost, as it then stood, upwards of
seventy-five thousand dollars.

To the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine was
committed the care of patients and the general man-
agement of the institution. The medical and surgi-
cal work was confided to Charity Hospital College,
now the Medical Department of the University of
Wooster. Owing to its able surgeons and physi-
cians and faithful nurses. Charity Hospital soon
ranked among the first in the country, patients com-
ing for treatment from all parts of the Union. The
yearly average number of patients from 1865 to Jan-
uary 1, 1879, was four hundred and forty-one; whole
number of patients treated, five thousand seven hun-
dred and thirty-five; whole number of free patients,
same period, two thousand two hundred and forty-six.
During 1873 and 1874 improvements were made
and additions built by Bishop Gilmour at a cost of
forty-seven thousand dollars, viz: clinic and lecture
rooms, mortuary, steam-heaters and elevators. The
wooden staircase at the main enti-ance was replaced
by a fine stairway of stone, of easy ascent, and the
interior of the building was refitted; so that now
the Charity Hospital ranks second to none in the
country in point of modern conveniences, and a23pli-
anees to lessen the pains of the sick or wounded pa-
tient. The medical staff, of which Dr. W. -I. Scott is
president, is now composed of nine physicians. There
are sixteen Sisters of Charity taking care of the sick.
Sister Alexis is the local Superior.

In this connection might also be mentioned the es-
tablishing of the House of Maternity by Bishop Gil-
mour, in 1874, in the rear of Charity Hospital, and
under the care and management of the Sisters of
Charity; Sister Martha, local Superior. The build-
ing is forty-five feet wide and seventy-five in length,
three stories high, with large, well ventilated rooms.
To unfortunate women who become victims of sin it
affords shelter during the time of their confinement;
and helpless infants, abandoned by their heartless
mothers, find there a home and a mother's care.

CLEVELAKD HOM(EOPATHIC HOSPITAL.

This hospital is, as its name indicates, under the
control of medical professors of the school of Homoe-
opathy, and is now, as it always has been, carried on
as a private enterprise. The first hospital building
was located on Willson avenue about 1860, but, after
a few years, the Homceopathic and regular schools
joining in the conduct of a union hospital, the Will-
son avenue institution was discontinued. The union
was, however, short-lived and the Homceopathic hospi-

BENEVOLENT INSTITITTIONS.

279

tal was revived in the buildings of the Humiston
Seminary on the Eights, where also the Homoeopathic
Hospital College was located. , When the college was
transferred to Prospect street the hospital was located
on Huron street, near at hand, and continued its
active functions until March, 1879, when the build-
ing was removed to make place for a new hospital
edifice now in process of erection, and so far advanced
toward completion that it will be occupied about the
beginning of 1880.

The new hospital building is of brick, and a re-
markably handsome and striking piece of architec-
ture. It will contain sixty beds, and will bfe supplied
with the most perfect of modern hospital appoint-
ments. It is aimed to devote the institution to charity
so far as may be found consistent with the design to
make it self-supporting.

CLEVELAND CITY HOSPITAL.

The early history of this institution was somewhat
experimental and changeful. Its real work in the
care of the sick and destitute poor commenced in
1869, in a small framed building at 83 Willson street.
The president from that time has been Mr. H. B.
Hurlbut, whose unfailing interest and generosity
have contributed much to the life and growth of the
work.

During the first year one hundred and two patients
were treated; the number of days of treatment being
five thousand and thirty-eight. During the year 1878
four hundred and forty-six patients were received, and
the number of days of treatment was fourteen thous-
and three hundred and fifty eight. Under the press-
ing need of larger accommodations, in the autumn of
1875, a lease of the Marine Hospital and grounds was
procured from the United States government, and
here the Cleveland City Hospital has since had its
home.

The building is of stone, three stories in hight,
one hundred and ten by ninety feet, and standi in the
midst of spacious grounds (five acres), handsomely
laid out in lawn and terrace.

The arrangement of wards and rooms provides sep-
arately for each department— the charity and the pay
patients. The private rooms for paying patients are
in the second and third stories of the east and west
wings. They are furnished with taste and elegance,
and contain all needful articles and appliances for the
comfort of the sick.

The institution has no endowment, and is largely
dependent upon the generosity of the people for means
to carry on its charitable work.

On the 10th day of May, 1876, the hospital officers
and managers became a body corporate; Joseph Per-
kins, president; E. C. Eouse, clerk, and seven trus-
tees, M. B. Scott, George B. Stanley, Henry Chisholm,
William B. Castle, W. J. Boardman, H. C. Blossom
and G. W. Whitney.

The expense of maintainance for the year 1876 was
eighteen thousand pne hundred and thirty-six dollars;

in 1877, thirteen thousand five hundred and seven
dollars and thirty-four cents; in 1878, fifteen thousand
four hundred and sixteen dollars and thirty-six cents.
The officers of the year 1879 are as follows: H. B.
Hurlbut, president; Mrs. S. Williamson, vice presi-
dent; Isaac N. Himes, secretary; Mrs. Proctor
Thayer, assistant secretary; H. 0. Studley, treasurer;
H. B. Hurlbut, Mrs. S. Williamson, George H. Ely,
Mrs. M. H. Severance, H. E. Hatch, G. C. E. Weber,
M.D., Proctor Thayer, M.D., trustees; Mrs. L. M.
Hubby, Mr. D. P. Eells, Mrs. H. B. Hurlbut, Mr. R.
P. Smith, Mrs. T. T. Seelye, Mrs. George H. Ely,
Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. Charles Hickox, Mrs. L.
L. Lyon, Mrs. S. T. Hall, Mrs. James Barnett, Mrs.
T. Bolton, Mrs. W. S. Streator, Mrs. I. N. Himes,
Mrs. John Poole, Mrs. S. H. Douglass; Mrs. E. 0.
Pechin, Mrs. G. 0. B. Weber, Mrs. W. C. North,
Mrs. P. Boeder, Col. and Mrs. W. H. Harris, mana-
gers; Proctor Thayer, M.D., G. C. B. Weber, M.D.,
John Bennitt, M.D., H. K. Cushing, M.D., consult-
ing physicians and surgeons; D; B. Smith, M.D.,
occulist; J. B. Darby, M.D., L N. Himes, M.D., H.
W. Kitchen, M.D., P. J. Weed, M.D., J. H. Low-
man, M.D., H. H. Powell, M.D., visiting physicians
and surgeons; Miss Eliza Mitchell, matron; J. R.
Smith, M.D., house physician; C. L. Taylor, M.D.,
assistant house physician.

THE CLEVELAND PROTESTANT ORPHAN" ASYLUM.

The Cleveland Orphan Asylum was organized Jan-
uary 22, 1853, at a meeting held for the purpose in
the Stone Church; John M. Woolsey being chosen
chairman. Rev. Dr. Aiken introduced a resolution
that, "In view of the wants of this city, it is expe-
dient to organize an orphan asylum in Cleveland,"
which was unanimously adopted. Messrs. John A.
Foot, J. A. Briggs, B. Rouse, J. M. Hoyt, T. P.
Handy and others were appointed a committee to
prepare a plan of organization for such an institution.
This committee reported at another meeting held in
the same place January 29th, presenting a plan which
virtually placed the responsibility of further arrange-
ments in the hands of a board of managers, consist-
ing of the following ladies: Mrs. Elisha Taylor, Mrs.
Rouse, Mrs. Philo Scovill, Mrs. S. J. Andrews, Mrs.
J. K. Miller, Mrs. Henry W. Clark, Mrs. Stillman
Witt, Mrs. M. H. Severance, Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict,
Mrs. B. Stedman, Mrs. J. A. Harris and Mrs. A. H.
Barney.

These ladies went immediately to work to arrange
the details of an asylum household, and in April,
1852, a framed house on the corner of Erie and Ohio
streets having been leased, the asylum began its work
of providing a shelter for orphan and destitute chil-
dren, eleven of whom, none of them over eight years
of age, were at first received into its care.

Miss Sophia L. Hewitt was placed at the head of
the household as both superintendent and teacher.
These offices she continued to fill for two years, mak-
ing no charge for her services.

280

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

After a short time it was thought best to obtain an
act of incorporation from the Slate and reorganize
the association. A new constitution was prepared by
a committee of gentlemen appointed for the purpose.
This constitution was accepted at a meeting of the
society, February 23, 1853, and the asylum was regu-
larly chartered as an "association incorporated for
benevolent purposes."

Under the constitution the following officers were
elected: Hon. S. J. Andrews, president; Philo Scovill,
B. Rouse and Henry W. Clark, trustees; T. P. Handy,
treasurer; Geo. A. Benedict, clerk. The board of
managers who had been j)reviously acting were re-
elected.

The constitution provides that the officers of the
asylum shall be chosen from different denominations
of Protestant Christians, so that no one of them in
particular shall have a preponderance in its councils.
In October, 1875, anew and revised constitution was
adopted, by which several important changes was
made in the organization, and the word Protestant
introduced into the name of the institution.

In 1853 an acre of land was donated by Rev. E. N".
Sawtelle, on the corner of Kinsman street and Willson
avenue, for the purposes of an asylum. A building
was soon commenced, and was so far advanced in June,
1855, that the asylum family was removed to it from
the dwelling house which it had for three years occu-
pied. The reversionary interest in the land was sub-
sequently released to the institution. An additional
acre adjoining was afterwards purchased by the asy-
lum.

During the first ten years of its existence the asy-
lum was mainly dependent upon collections in small
amounts solicited by the ladies of the board person-
ally, from door to door. Asmallpermanent fund was
contributed by benevolent gentlemen of the city. In
December, 1863, came the noble bequest of Captain
Levi Sartwell, a gentleman who, in the course of a
long residence in Cleveland, had by frugality and in-
dustry amassed a competence, and who bequeathed
bis whole property to the asylum.

In 1877 and '78, Mr. Leonard Case donated vi-.lua-
ble tracts of land, together amounting to four and
one-fourth acres, on St. Clair street, as a site for a
new asylum building, but the officers were, until
1878, in doubt as to the feasibility of incurring the
expense of erecting a new building, when Mr. J. H.
Wade generously donated to the society the sum of
forty thousand dollars for that purpose. Plans were
carefully prepared, and on the 30th day of September
of that year the foundation was commenced. The
work of building the new asylum is rapidly progress-
ing, and when completed, it promises to be one of the
most elegant and convenient buildmgs of its kind in
the country. The surjDrise occasioned by these dona-
tions had hardly passed when another gift was an-
nounced from Dr. Alleyne Maynard, as a memorial
of his wife, for the purpose of fitting up and main-
tainiug the hospital department of the asylum. The

bequest of Captain Sartwell, with the smaller gifts
alluded to, constitute a permanent fund which is
held by the trustees as a sacred trust, only the income
of which is used for the current expenses of the asy-
lum, and which is expended by the managers with
watchful economy."

The scope of the work at this institution embraces
not only the care and maintainance of the orphans, but
the provision of homes for them later on, among fam-
ilies into which they are received as adopted children,
and in which they are moderately certain to push for-
ward the work, nobly begun by the asylum — the
work, namely, of fitting themselves to become useful
and valued members of society.

The first president of the board of trustees was Hon.
S. J. Andrews, who served in that capacity until 1869,
when Mr. Philo Scovill was elected to that office. On
the death of Mr. Scovill, in 1875, Mr. Joseph Perkins
the present president, was elected. The officers of
the asylum are as follows: Henry Chisholm, Joseph
Perkins, J. H. Wade, board of trustees; officers of
the board — Joseph Perkins, president; Dan. P. Eells,
treasurer; A. H. Shunk, clerk.

Managers — Mrs. S. M. Hanna, Mrs. Harvey Eice,
Mrs. Henry Chisholm, Mrs. Moses Hill, Mrs. Jason
Canfield, Mrs. William Rattle, Mrs. J. M. Hughes,
Mrs. J. A. Harris, Mrs. Lorin Prentiss, Mrs. T. S.
Paddock, Mrs. B. Rouse, Mrs. N. W. Taylor, Mrs.
G. W. Jones, Mrs. John Pool, Mrs. A. T. Slade.

The officers of the managers and asylum are Mrs. B.
Rouse, president; Mrs. S. M. Hanna, vice president;
Miss Annie Wa,lworth, secretary; Mr. A. H. Shunk,
superintendent; Mrs. A. H. Shunk, matron; Miss
M. J. Weaver and Mrs. 0. R. Wing, governesses; Dr.
E. C. Thomas, physician.

The asylum has at present seventy-five inmates.

ST. vincmkt's orphan asylum.

St. Vincent's was founded in the fall of 1852 by Rt.
Rev. Amadeus Rappe, bishop of Cleveland, who, feel-
ing the need of an orphan asylum in his diocese,
called on the Sisters of Charity (Mother Ursula being
then Superior) to take charge of the orphan boys.
Very Rev. L. DeGoesbriant, vicar-general, entering
warmly into the views of the bishop, made an appeal
to the Catholics of the county in behalf of the or-
phans. In the city, a fair was held for the same pur-
pose.

The efforts of the worthy bishop and his vicar
were blessed with success. A framed house, of two
stories, was erected near the dwelling place of the
Sisters of Charity, and on the 20th of May, 1853, the
first orphan boy was received in the new asylum. He
was soon joined by others, but owing to the want of
resources only eleven children were received previous
to the 1st of January, 1854. During the ensuing
year, however, forty-six were admitted. Four years
later the number of children had so much increased
that more accommodation was required, and in 1858
a large brick building was begun in the same location.

-Cat J jjy A"3: fix:-'-"^^'^''

f^^-:-,'fh

BENEVOLENT INSTITtTTIONS.

281

The new asylum was occupied in 1859, althougli
not entirely completed; in fact, the right wing was
not put up until 1865. In 1867 an addition was
made to the main part in the rear of the chapel. The
total cost has been a little over twenty-two thousand
dollars. A large debt was incurred, but through the
generosity of the Catholics of the diocese it has been
entirely paid. The orphans received and cared for
in this institution, down to January, 1879, numbered
one thousand two hundred and seventy-two. At the
present time one hundred and eighty boys are shel-
tered beneath its roof. They are supported chiefly
by annual donations from Catholic farmers, increased
by the proceeds of fairs held yearly in the city in be-
half of the orphans.

JEWISH ORPHAlir ASYLUM.

This institution was opened for the reception of
orphan children September 39, 1868. The buildings
and property formerly used as a Water Cure, on Wood-
land avenue, were purchased, at a cost of near thirty-
two thousand dollars. At the expiration of about six
months the building used for worship and school pur-
poses was enlarged, to meet the wants of the rapidly
increasing number of children in the asylum. The
first officers of the institution were as follows: A.
Aub, president; A. Weiner, vice president; J. Rohr-
heimer, treasurer; William Kriegshaber, secretary;
Henry Greenbaum and Isidor Bush, trustees; L. Au-
frecht, superintendent; Mrs. L. Aufrecht, matron.

The number of children received during the first
fiscal year was one hundred and thirty-three. The
present number of inmates is two hundred and twenty-
seven. These children coming from the districts two,
six and seven, I.O.O.B., represented, in 1878, the
following States, according to the number appended
to each: Ohio, fifty-eight; Michigan, fourteen; Wis-
consin, eleven; Minnesota, two; Illinois, twenty-nine;
Indiana, seventeen; Kentuclcy, seventeen; Tennessee,
twenty-six; Alabama, four; Mississippi, seven; Louis-
iana, three; Arkansas, three; Kansas, tJiree; Missouri,
twenty-six. There is now in course of erection a
large and convenient school-building, sufficient to
meet the necessities of the institution for many years
to come. This building will cost, when completed,
about twent.y thousand dollars. The financial situa-
tion of the asylum is highly complimentary to those
having charge of its affairs. The entire funds and
investments of the institution amount to ninety-three
thousand four hundred and twenty-four dollars and
fifty-three cents.

The present officers are as follows: A. Aub, presi-
dent; A. Weiner, vice president; Jac. Rohrheimer,
trWurer; Dr. S. Wolfenscein, seci'etary; Abram Hart,
Gustavas Levi, David Adler, II. S. Ottenheimer,
Lazard Kahn, M. Seelig, M. Ullman and L. A. Moss,
trustees. The superintendent is L. Aufrecht; the
matron is Mrs. L. Aufrecht; the physicians are Dr.
M. Rosenwasser and Dr. Th. Parker.

HOME FOE THE AGED POOR.

This institution, the ninth of its kind in this
country, was founded by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe,
first bishop of Cleveland, in the year 1870. The
Home is conducted by the members of the society of
the Little Sisters of the Poor. The work of the
"Little Sisters" began at St. Servan, a small town of
Brittany, on the western coast of France. Their la-
bors are carried on in this country precisely as they are
in Europe. Every day the sisters call at the various
hotels, restaurants and private houses, soliciting alms
and collecting cold victuals, coffee-grounds, tea, old
clothing, etc., all of which are turned to good use for
the benefit of their aged inmates. There are at pres-
ent one hundred inmates in the Home on Perry street,
in this city, under charge of Mother St. Joseph,
superior.

THE HOUSE OF MATEEN-ITY.

This is located on Marion street, and is conducted
by the Sisters of Charity, of the Order of St. Augus-
tine. Sister St. Joseph is the superior.

CLEVELAI>rD BETHEL UNION.

The society of the Cleveland Bethel Union was in-
corporated January 31, 1867, for the purpose of car-
rying on benevolent and mission work in the lower
part of the city, and of establishing a home for sea-
men, railroad men and other transient sojourners,
where reasonable accommodations could be offered at
a very moderate comjDensation. In 1868 the society
purchased the building and premises on the corner of
Superior and Union streets. This location is central,
and the building and surroundings are admirably
adapted to the charitable work of the union. The
incorporators were eighteen in number, from whom
nine trustees were chosen, viz. : Loren Prentiss, W.
B. Guyles, W. B. Castle, Horace Benton, E. C. Pope,
G. P. Burwell, G. IL Ely, J. D. Rockefeller and H.
R. Hatch.

The various departments or branches of work un-
der control of the union, and directed by sub-commit-
tees of the general organization, are: First, relief,
under the management of the Bethel Relief Associa-
tion; second, the Sunday school and mission work;
third, the Bethel Home.

The department of relief work was at the outset
limited to the lower part of the city and to provision
for transient cases in the Home, but the public be-
came so accustomed to sending applicants for help to
the society that in March, 1873, this work was made
to embrace the whole city; aiming to dispense with
some of the many relief societies by having one cen-
tral organization, through which all distributions
should be made. This branch was accordingly placed
under the charge of a large committee of ladies and
gentlemen, with visiting committees for each ward,
and a sub-committee having charge of the work in
detail.

At the Home, rooms have been prepared for dis-

382

THE OITY OP CLEVELAND.

tribution of clothing and supplies, and for furnishing
nourishing refreshments to the destitute poor during
the winter months.

An employment office has also been opened, and
every effort is made to provide situations for all
worthy applicants. A temporary home for women
and girlsj and free bunk lodgings for men of worthy
character applying for shelter, have been provided.
The relief department is under charge of Samuel Job,
superintendent, who has acceptably filled that posi-
tion since 1873.

This work of relief is confined to the worthy poor,
not otherwise provided for, who through sickness,
accident or other misfortune, require temporary s-
sistance. The plan and principles acted upon have
proved eminently successful, and the results are ac-
knowledged as examples of efficient and well-directed
benevolence.

The principal mission work of the Union is devoted
to a Sabbath school, gathered mainly from among the
poor, having an average attendance of about five
hundred. A committee of ladies hold weekly meet-
ings during the spring, fall and winter months, and
distribute clothing to the needy children of the school.
A girls' sewing school, with an average attendance of
about one hundred, meets every Saturday afternoon
during the winter. In addition to these, and as a part
of the mission work families are visited, devotional
exercises are held at the Home at least twice each
week, and the subjects of personal religion, temper-
ance and uprightness are earnestly presented.

The Home department comprises the general man-
agement of the Bethel building, on the corner of Su-
perior and Union streets, under the superintendence
of Thomas Braggins. The revenue derived from the
rent of the lower portion of the building is used for
the purpose of the Union. The dining-room depart-
ment is more than self-sustaining. A library, with a
moderate supply of books, has been provided for the
use of the patrons of the home.

At the time of the organization^of the Union, Loren
Prentiss was elected president, and has occupied that
position without intermission to the present day.
The present officers of the Union are as follows:
Loren Prentiss, president; E. 0. Pope, secretary; C.
W. Lepper, treasurer; L. Prentiss, G. E. Herrick,
W. H. Harris, W. B. Guyles, D. P. Eells, executive
committee; L. Prentiss, H. E. Hatch, D. P. Eells,
Dr. H. Houltz, G. E. Herrick, E. P. Morgan, T. d!
Crocker, W. B. Guyles, S. L. Severance, George P.
Burwell, Rev. E. Dubbs, William Bowler, W. H.
Doan, Samuel Audrews, W. H. Harris, trustees.

YOUSTG men's christian ASSOCIATION.

About 1850 a Young Men's Christian Association
was organized in Cleveland, and fixed its location on
Superior street where commodious reading rooms, a
valuable library, etc., offered many advantages to the
rising youth, and conferred numerous benefits on
the community. The association flourished until the

breaking out of the war for the Union, when, as nearly
all of the members entered the military service, the
society lapsed into inactivity and finally became de-
funct.

Soon after the close of the war, however, in 1866,
the present Young Men's Christian Association was
organized, and occupies to-day a very prominent place
among similar organizations in America. In 1872
the association purchased the building No. 79, north
side of Monumental Square, and has occupied it since
that time. It is neatly and conveniently furnished,
with chapel, reading rooms and music rooms, parlors,
committee rooms, etc. There is a free reading room
for the public, as well as one for the members. Union
prayer meetings are held daily at noon, and young
men's prayer meetings every Saturday evening.

This association was the first one of its kind to en-
gage in special work on behalf of railway employees;
in 1872, it opened in the Union Passenger Depot at
Cleveland a railway reading room, which still serves
many valuable pui-poses. Connected also with the
association is the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home,
whei'e these youthful laborers are not only lodged, hut
taught in Sunday and night schools — a most worthy
and commendable work. The officers of the associ-
ation for 1879 are J. B. Meriam, president; C. J.
Dockstader, corresponding secretary; G. W. Crozier,
recording secretary; T. M. Irwin, registering secre-
tary; 0. H. Fuller, treasurer.

women's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.

On the 20th of October, 1868, at the close of the State
convention of the Young Men's Christian Association,
the president, Mr. H. T. Miller, issued a call request-
ing the Christian women of Cleveland to meet and
form a society "which slionld do for women as the
Young Men's Association was doing for men." The
response was general and hearty; so large was the
meeting that the old hall at the corner of Superior
and Seneca streets was crowed to its utmost capacity.
Three weeks later an adjourned meeting was held, at
which the society was formally organized.

The first official directory of the "Women's Chris-
tian Association" reads as follows: Miss Sarah E.
Fitch president; Mrs. 0. E. Huntington, Mrs. Geo.
W. Whitney, Mrs. Ira Clark, Mrs. S. F. Smith, Mrs.
C. W. Lepper, Mrs. Jno. Coon, vice presidents;
Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks, corresponding secretary; Mrs.
C. E. Bolton, recording secretary; Miss Ann White,
treasurer; Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. Jas. Barnett, Miss
May E. Baldwin, Mrs. L. F. Mellen, Mrs. D. P.
Eells, Mrs. A. T. Osborn, Mrs. W. H. Keith, Mrs.
W. P. Cooke, Mrs. D. Houtz, Mrs. W. Mittleberger,
Mrs. 0. B. Skinner, Mrs. Geo. Pusley, Mrs. George
L. Chapman, Mrs. S. H. Sheldon, Mrs. P. B. Clapp,'
Mrs. James W. Clark, directors.

In April, 1869, the Association was regularly in-
corporated under an act passed March 30, 1864, en-
titled "an act for the relief of benevolent and char-
itable associations managed by women." In 1878 the

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

283

increased work required additional measures of secu-
rity, and a special act of the legislature was passed
for that purpose.

The first practical work was the organiziition of a
committee for missionary labor. This committee now
numbers twelve ladies, to each of whom special duties
are assigned. One cares for the Sabbath visitations
at the City Hospital, and another at the Huron street
Hospital; two on alternate Saturdays visit the Work-
house, where prayer is offered, hymns sung and Bible
lessons explained. Three members make semi-
monthly visits to the Infirmary, to read the Bible and
give religious instructions. Two others conduct
weekly prayer-meetings at the Retreat. A mother's
meeting was established in February, 1876, and is held
each Friday afternoon in the chapel of the Young
Men's Christian Association. Here garmeiits are
made and sold at a low price.

The establishment of a Provident Fund is one of
the recent measures adopted by the association. Each
poor woman is encouraged to place, each week, in the
hands of one of the ladies, such a sum as she njay be
able to save from her earnings, of which an account
is kept, and the amount is held for her benefit in case
of need.

The Boarding Home. — Early in the history of the
the association, the conviction was forced upon its
members of the necessity of establishing a boarding
home, where respectable young women, dependent
upon their own exertions, could find shelter, protec-
tion and the influences of a Christian home. The
committee for that purpose, in the winter of 1868-9,
made temporary arrangement with a woman on Lake
street, to receive such girls into her house at a
moderate compensation. In the spring of 1809 Mr.
Stillman Witt purchased for the association property
on Walnut street, for the purpose of a home. Other
citizens contributed liberally, and the building was
enlarged, repaired and adapted to the uses intended.
Churches and individuals provided for its furnishing,
and on the 11th of November following it was ready
for occupancy. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Witt pur-
chased the lot adjoining, and by the erection of a
new front the capacity of the building was increased
from twenty to more than forty. These apartments
are conveniently arranged and neatly furnished. The
price of board ranges from three to four and one-half
dollars per week.

The Retreat. — Another institution maintained by
the association, is the "Retreat," which was opened
in June, 1867, at 267 Perry street, where it contmued
four' years. The rent of the house was paid during
these years by Mr. Joseph Perkins. In August, 1873,
Mr. Leonard Case presented to the association a large
lot of land on St. Clair street, better adapted for the
purposes of a Retreat than the Perry street property.
For the purpose of constructing a substantial build-
ing, Mr. Perkins then contributed ten thousand dol-
lars. By means of this gift, and by the assistance of
other generous friends, the present healthful and at-

tractive structure was erected, being presented, free
of debt, to the association in November, 1873.

Tlie Earnest Worker. — In the spring of 1874, the
Committee on Ways and Means decided to publish a
monthly paper, having in view two objects: To es-
tablish a medium of communication, which the grow-
ing work of the association demanded, and to secure
a source of revenue.

The first number of the Earnest Worker accord-
ingly appeared in June following. A br!fef notice of
it will be found in the "Press" chapter of the
general history. ''

Home for Aged Women. — Another important work
conducted by the association is the management of
the Home for Aged Women on Kennard street. In
the latter part of 1876 a commodious building was
erected by Mr. Amasa Stone, and conveyed to five
trustees, to be used as a home for aged Protestant
women. The management of this institution and an
annual income of one thousand dollars, also provided
by Mr. Stone, were ofEered to the association and ac-
cepted. An executive committee of seven ladies,
from as many Protestant churches, was appointed to
take general charge of the Home. This house like
the others has been beautifully furnished by churches
and individuals. It was formally opened July 14,
1877.

From the organization of the Women's Christian
Association to the present time. Miss Sarah Fitch has
held the position of president.

The present ofiicers of the association are as fol-
lows: Miss Sarah E. Fitch, president; Mrs. Lewis
Burton, Mrs. R. R. Sloan, Mrs. J. R. Mills, Mrs. S.
W. Adams, Mrs. B. Curtis, Mrs. J. R. Twitchell,
vice presidents; Mrs. William W. Butler, recording
secretary; Mrs. William M. Meriam, corresponding
secretary; Miss C. M. Leonard, treasurer; Mrs. L.
Austin, Mrs. J. Barnett, Mrs. L. 0. Coman, Mrs. D.
P. Eells, Mrs. James Galbraith, Mrs. 0. E. Hunting-
ton, Mrs. H. M. Ingham, Miss R. H. Selden,
Mrs. M. P. Adams, Mrs. B. W. Jenness, Mrs. 0.
W. Lepper, Mrs. B. T. Noakes, Mrs. A. A. Nelson,
Mrs. W. S. Porter, Mrs. J, S. Prather, Mrs. A. H.
Potter, Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. E. C. Standart,
Mrs. G. B. Senter, Miss A. Walworth, Mrs. A. A.
Thome, Mrs. George Whitney, Mrs. S. Williamson,
Mrs. Horace Wilkins, directors; Joseph Perkins, Henry
Ohisholm, D. P. Bells, John Thomas, Dr. W. S. Strea-
torand Samuel E. Williamson, trustees; Col. H. Har-
ris, auditor.

women's christian tempeeanoe league.

This truly benevolent society was organized on the
13th day of March, 1874. The purposes of the
League are xery appropriately expressed in the pledge
adopted by the organization, which reads as follows:

"We, the Christian women of Cleveland, feeling
that the use of intoxicating liquors has reached a de-
gree no longer to be endured, do promise, by the help
of God, to use our utmost endeavors to banish this

2S4

THE CftTY OF CLEVELAND.

evil from our midst, and, in order tliat our work may
be more thoroughly done, we form the Women's Tem-
perance League of Cleveland. And we hereby pledge
ourselves to discourage, in all possible ways, tlie use
of anything which can intoxicate; and, in order to
strengthen our influence in this regard, we promise
not to use wine, beer, or any distilled licpiors, as a
beverage, and not to furnish them for social enter-
tainments."

First in order of importance are the three Friendly
Inns, under the control of the League, besides which
there are three others which are conducted independ-
ently. All are located advantageously for the work.
Connected with five of the six are restaurant and
lodging departments, where needy or intemperate
men, desiring to reform their lives, can find good
meals and comfortable beds at low prices. The Inns
under control of the League are the River Street
Friendly Inn, organized April 'Zi, 1874, by the River
Street Praying Band; the St. Clair Street Friendly
Inn, organized June 15, 1874, by the ladies of the
Fifth and Seventh Ward Praying Bands, and the
Central Place Frienly Inn, organized September 7,
1874. Auxiliary to the League, and directly and in-
directly connected with it as the increase and out-
growth of the League work, are the following organ-
izations: The East Cleveland reading and morning
prayer-meeting room, ' established April, 1874; the
Colliuwood chapel, organized with a Sabbath school
May 5, 1874; the East Madison avenue chapel, built
during the summer of 1875; the Ontario street taber-
nacle, built for promotion of the temperance work
by W. n. Doan; the "Doan Guards," a military tem-
perance body, organized in 1874; the '-'Eighteenth
Ward Friendly Inn, organized -in 1875; the South
Side Friendly Home, opened January 1, 1875; the
Pearl Street Friendly Inn, organized February 17,
1876; the " Society of Yoke Fellows," "rescued," as
their constitution saj's, "from the vice of intemper-
ance, through the mercy of God and the prayers of
Christians," which was formed in March, 1877, and
now has a membership of one hundred and twenty-
five; the "Open Door," an institution founded by
several ladies of the Central Inn Committee, July 3,
1877, which grew out of the necessities of temperance
work among the wretched women of that neighbor-
hood, and in which, since its establisliment, one hun-
dred and seventy-five of the neediest class of women
have received temporary help and shelter.

The following are the present officers of the League:
ilrs. J. S. Prather, president; Mrs. Horatio C. Ford,
Mrs. George Worthington, Mrs. E. H. Adams, Miss
F. Jennie Duty, vice presidents; Miss M. E. Inger-
soll, recording secretary; Miss F. Jennie Duty, cor-
responding secretary; Mrs. A. H. Potter, treasurer.

COirVEXT OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD.

The monastery of Our Lady of Charity of the Good
Shepherd of Angus was founded July 31, 1839, and was
established as a generalship by Pope Gregory XVI.

July 9, 1845. The convent at Cleveland was founded
by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, bishop of the diocese,
on the 23d of July, 1869. For the first six years its
work was conducted in a dwelling house. No. 397
Lake street. In 1875 the large convent building on
Sterling avenue was completed and occupied.

The institution is intended as a refoi'niatory for
women and a protectory for children, under the gov-
ernment of a superior and thirteen cloistered and
seven out-door sisters. The inmates at present num-
ber ninety-eight, of whom thirty-seven are in the
children's department; forty-seven are in the reform-
atory and fourteen are magdalenes. The convent is
maintained by the industry of its inmates. Mother
Mary of St. Alphonse is the present superior.

eikemen's belief association.

During the month of February, 1868, a meeting of
the Cleveland Fire Department was called at the
chief engineer's office, having for its object the better
protection of its members against accident or sickness.
The members had tried for several years the plan
of accidental insurance, which only protected them
against accident, while the life of a fireman is not
only one of constant danger and severe toil, but one
which in a few years breaks down the hardiest con-
stitution or produces early death. After several
preliminary meetings a plan of organization was ar-
ranged, and a constitution adopted for the govern-
ment of the society, which was to be known as the
Cleveland Firemen's Relief Association. At the or-
ganization sixty members of the department signed
the constitution and became members of the associa-
tion. James Hill was elected president; Edward
Lindsay, treasurer, and Samuel Brown, secretary.

By section seven of article four of the constitution
it is provided that the proper officers shall visit and
attend to the wants of the sick members, and report
to the i^resident, or in his absence to the vice presi-
dent, who may cause a weekly order to be drawn on
the treasurer to the amount of ten dollars per week,
for a period of twenty six weeks, or until recovery,
provided the claimant furnishes a certificate from his
attending physician, or from the surgeon of the asso-
ciation (if demanded by the president) to the effect
that he is incapable of performing service.

Section one of article six provides that the officers
are authorized to grant relief to widows or children of
deceased members when the finances of the association
will warrant it.

Section two of the same article says: "On the death
of any member, the association shall appropriate a
sufficient sum for burial expenses."

The fund from which this payment is made is raised
by fees, dues, assessments and voluntary contribu-
tions.

The present officers of the association are as follows:
John A. Bennett, president; Warren P. Knowles,
vice president; Prank A. Mears, secretary; Charles T.
Girard, treasurer.

THE MASONS.

385

ST. maky's oephan (gikls) asylum.

This benevolent institution (located on Harmon
street) was founded about the year 1851, and is under
the immediate charge of an order of nuns known as
the Sacred Heart of St. Mary — Miss Mary Le Masson
being the superior. The asylum building is a three-
story brick structure with accommodations for about
one hundred inmates, which is the average number
provided for.

Children between the ages of five and sixteen are
received, and trained in sphool studies and household
duties. When arrived at the proper age, they^are
placed in comfortable homes where asylum experience
fits them to maintain themselves.

ST. Joseph's orphan asylum,

on Woodland avenue, is an adjunct of the Harmon
Street Asylum, and is under the same management.
The ages of inmates received here range from two to
eight years, and being instructed and carefully reared
there are, at the age of nine, transferred to St. Mary's
Asylum. Both institutions, it may be observed, are
supported by public donations and the earnings of the
inmates of St. Mary's.

CHAPTBE LVII.

THE MASONS.

Cleveland City Lodge— Iris Lodge— Bigelow Lodge— Concordia Lodge—
Tyrian Lodge— Newburg Lodge— Forest City Lodge— West Side
Lodge — Ellsworth Lodge — Woodward Lodge — Webb Chapter —
Thatcher Chapter— Baker Chapter— Cleveland Council— Oriental Com-
mandery— Holyrood Commandery— Eliadah Grand Lodge of Perfec-
tion—Bahurim Council — Princes of Jerusalem — Ariel Chapter— Al
Koran Temple.

CLEVELAND CITY LODGE.

The charter of Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Pand
A. M., was granted September 31, 1841. The first
meeting was held September 28, 1841, when the fol-
lowing officers were elected : Clifford Belden, W. M. ;
Andrew White, S. W.; Willard Crawford, J. W.;
Edmund Clark, treasurer; Erastus Smith, secretary.
The persons elected to the office of Worshipful Mas-
ter with their terms of service, have been as follows:
Clifford Belden, 1841; Timothy Ingraham, 1842-E-4;
W. T. Goodwin, 1845-6-8-9-53-54; H. H. Dodge,
1847; A. D. Bigelow, 1850-1; S. E. Adams, 1853; E.
K. Benton, 1855-8; Peter Caul, 1856; C. Benton,
1857; C. A. Woodward, 1859-60-69-70; G. H.
Adams, 1861-3-7-8-73; M. L. Eider, 1863-4-5;
Joseph Bell, 1866; M. Eobinson, 1871-3; William
McFarland; George Hester, 1875-6-7; C. E. Butler,

1878.

The present officers of the lodge are L. P. Eldridge,
W. M.; D. M. Calkins, S. W.; G. H. Eobinson, J.
W. ; C, A. Woodward, treasurer; J. C. Wagner, sec-
retary; A. Bwart, S. D.; E. Noble, S. D.; T. J.
Towson, tyler; M. Cleave and E. Gray, stewards; L.
P. Eldridge, organist; George H. Adams, trustee.

The membership numbers two hundred and thirty
persons. Stated communications are held in Masonic
Hall, Case block, on the first and third Tuesdays of
each month.

IRIS LODGE.

This society, No. 339, P and A M, was organized
October 33, 1853. The first officers were A. D. Bige-
low, W. M.; W. H. Beaumont, S. W.; Eobert Eeiley,
J. W. The names of the Past Masters, since the or-
ganization, have been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, E.
E. Griswold, H. A. Hough, E. Creighton, H. C.
Eanney, P. Thatcher, Jr., G. H. Burt, E. A. Hop-
kins, George W. Berry, Allan T. Brinsmado, B. D. Bab-
cock, Eobert Harding, J. M. Booth, Samuel Briggs.
The following are the present officers: E. D. Page,
W. M.; N. W. Chamberlain, S. W.; J. 0. Heath, J.
W.; Thomas Larter, S. D.; C. D. Collins, J. D.;
George A. Wright, treasurer; 0. H. Garstin, secre-
tary; W. A. Lyon, tyler.

This lodge is the largest in the State, having a mem-
bership of three hundred, and is gradually increas-
ing in numbers. The meetings are held on theseeond
and fourth Mondays of each month in Masonic Hall,
Case block.

BIGELOW LODGE.

Bigelow Lodge, No. 34.S, P. and A. M., was organ-
ized under a warrant or dispensation October 30,
1853, but was not granted a charter until October
17, 1854. The first officers were: Gaston G. Allen,
W. M.; Samuel W. Odell, S. W.; Alonzo Eldridge,
J. W.; C. C. Stevens, S. D.; Stephen Buhrer, J. D.;
H. L. Whitman, treasurer; A. H. Dubrey, secretary;
L. W. Wollenneber, tyler. \

The following members have served as Worshipful
Masters, with the terms of service of each: G. G.
Allen, October 30, 1853, to December 34, 1856;
Alonzo Eldridge, December, 1856, to December, 1857;
G. G. Allen, December, 1857, to December, 1858;
Stephen Buhrer, 1858 to 1859; Gaston G. Allen,
1859 to 1860; A. V. Cannon, 1860 to 1801; Gaston
G. Allen, 1861 to 1863; Stephen P. Langell, 1863 to
1864; Gaston G. Allen, 1864 to 1865; L. D. Hudson,
1865 to 1866; P. W. Pelton, 1866 to 1867; Joseph
H. Johnson, 1867 to 1868; Wm. H. Eadcliff, 1868 to
1869; William Lawtey, 1869 to 1870; P. T. Hasbrouck,
1870 to 1871; H. P. Percival, 1871 to 1873; Thomas
Connors, 1873 to 1873; Eobert Simpson, 1873 to
1874; E. W. Johnson, 1874 to 1875; Ciiarles Luck,
1875 to 1876; C. G. Guilford, 1876 to 1877; S. P.
Langell, 1877 to 1878; B. Saunders, December, 1878,
to December, 1879.

The present officers of the lodge are Benjamin
Saunders, W. M.; J. P. Armstrong, S. W.; J. Car-
lisle, J. W. ; E. L. Willard, treasurer; H. E. Chubb,
secretary; Thomas Allen, S. D.; Judson Pratt, J. D.;
William Caldwell, tyler.

This lodge has a membership of two hundred and
two. Stated communications are held in Masonic

386

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

hall, Franklin avenue, the second and fourth Wednes-
days of each month.

CONCORDIA LODGE.

Concordia Lodge, No. 345, F. and A. M., (German)
was organized October 31, 18C3, but did not receive a
charter until 1864. On October 18, 1864, the lodge
was regularly organized under their charter, and the
following persons elected to their respective offices:
Joseph Singer, W. M.; C. P. Born, S. W. ; C. A.
Muerman, J. W.; E. Hessenmueller, treasurer; Wil-
liam Buerger, secretary; William Schmidt, S. D. ;
A. Eckerman, J. D.; Charles Mueller, tyler.

Since the organization the Worshipful Masters
have been as follows: Joseph Singer, 1864-5; William
Schmidt, 1866; E. Hessenmueller, 1867-8-9; C. A.
Mnerman, 1870-1; Charles Leypoldt, 1872-3-4; E.
Hessenmueller, 1875; Joseph Bittel, 1876-7; H. F.
Leypoldt, 1878.

The officers for 1879 are as follows: H. F. Leypoldt,
W. M.; 0. A. Kiiecht, S. W.; G. A. Schlatterbeck,
J. W. ; F. Kemmer, treasurer; William Wagner, sec-
retary; M. Bertsch, S. D.; A. Meinicke, J. D.;
Charles Heller, tyler.

This lodge numbers one hundred and two members,
and meets semi-monthly on the first and third Fridays
in Masonic hall. Case block.

TYEIAN LODGE.

Tyrian Lodge, No. 370, was organized July 11,
1866, with the following charter members: E. A.
Hopkins, G. N. Crittenden, Geo. H. Vilas, Eli Ely,
M. L. Rider, J. B. Parsons, G. L. Childs, D. E.
Wright and W. H. Huntington. The members now
number ninety, and the officers for 1879 ai'e H. R.
Leonard, M.M.; W. J. Alcers, S.W. ;H. D. Robison,
J. W. ; J. B. Parsons, treasurer; George L. Childs,

secretary; James Hossack, S.D. ; J.D. ; C. E.

Burke, tyler; Rev. John Wesley Brown, chaplain;
Charles C. Bolton and William G. Alcott, stewards;
George W. Short, marshal; and Charles A. W. Rice,
organist. Stated communications are held in Masonic
Hall, on the second and fourth Wednesdays of each
month.

NEWBUEG LODGE.

This society (No. 379, F. & A.M.), was organized
in October, 1866. The charter was obtained October
16, 1867, with the following charter members: W.
R. Seager, W.M.; H. Tone, S.W.; J. H. Brown, J.
W. ; M. R. Hughes, secretary. The succession of Wor-
shipful M.isters has been as follows: W. R. Seager
ISO'.i; A. D. Kent, 1870-71-73-75; T. L. Dwyer'
18T2; W. L. Lord, 1874; H. Botton, 1876; C. H.
Palmer, 1877-8. The present membership numbers
one hundred and twenty. The officers for 1879 are
as follows: M. L Richards, W.M.; F. W. Cochran,
S.W.; W. A. Affleck, J.W.; J. B. Corlett, treasurer;
A. D. Kent, secretary; A. Barber, S.D.; F. K. Reede,

J.D.; John Nesbit, tyler. The lodge meets the first
and third Fridays in each month, in Bank Building,
Eighteenth Ward.

FOREST CITY LODGE.

Forest City Lodge No. 388, F. and A. M., was or-
ganized in March, 1867. Down to that time there
was only one Masonic Lodge on the West side of the
river, viz., Bigelow, which was working what is
known as the " Old Work " instead of that adopted
and recognized by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and
known as the "Uniform Work." A desire on the
part of a number of Masons, then j'esidents of the
West Side, to organize a lodge which should adoj^t
and use the new work, led to the drafting and circu-
lating of a petition, which was signed by the follow-
ing named brothers: Elisha T. Ellsworth, L. C. Mat-
thews, P. A. Searles, Abner Royce, Henry Richard-
son, Thojnas Ligget, George Presley^ George E.
Hartwell, Henry Fish, Lorenzo Warner, Stephen D.
Phelps, Robert Wallace, Alfred Bolton, T. P. Wilson,
George H. Safford. They met in the old Masonic
hall on Franklin avenue, near the circle, where the
name the lodge now bears was duly adopted. The
then Most WorshiiJful Grand Master of Ohio, Thom-
as Sparrow, granted a dispensation dated March 28,
1867, and appointed Elisha T. Ellsworth, who was a
Past Master of Meridian Sun Lodge, of West Rich-
field, Ohio, to be the first Worshipful Master of For-
est City Lodge. Major Henry Richardson was ap-
pointed senior warden, and Robert Wallace junior
warden. The following were chosen to the offices ap-
l^ended to their respective names at a communication
held in the old Bigelow lodge room March 30, 1867:
George Presley, treasurer; Abner Royce, secretary;
George E. Hartwell, senior deacon; Thomas Ligget,
junior deacon, and S. D. Phelps, tyler. At the
same time a code of by-laws was adopted, which com-
pleted the organization of Forest City Lodge under
its first officers authorized by dispensation, and until
the meeting of the Grand Lodge at Cincinnati, Ohio,
October 15, 1867, when a charter was granted. At
the stated communication held in December of that
year, Elisha T. Ellsworth was elected and installed
the first Worshipful Master under the charter. He
was a most earnest mason and a wise leader, to whom
the fraternity in general is greatly indebted, and to
whom Forest City Lodge in particular owes a great
part of its success.

The following is a complete list of the Past Masters
of the Lodge: E. T. Ellsworth, under dispensation,
from March 38, 1867, to December 9, 1867; E. T. Ells-
worth, elected December 9, 1867; George E. Hartnell,
December 14, 1868; S. D. Phelps, December 13, 1869;
Abner Royce, December 12, 1870; George A. Bemis,
December 11, 1871; Prank Brewster, December 9,
1873; E. T. Ellsworth, re-elected December 13, 1873;
E. T. Ellsworth, re-elected December 16, 1874; E. J.
Blandin, December 15, 1876; L. C. Matthews, De-
cember 30, 1876; L. A. Willson, December 19, 1877-

THE MASOKS.

387

W. T. Robbing, December 18, 1878. Present num-
ber of members sixty-five.

Stated communications held in Masonic Hall, Case
block, on theflrstandthird Wednesdays of each month.
The following are the present officers: W. T. Rob-
bins, W. M.; David Morison, S. W.; 8. S. West, J.
W. ; Franli Brewster, treasurer; Ed. B. Bander, sec-
retary; M. J. Lawrence, S. D. ; B. Dettlebach, J. D.;
Rev. A. R. Palmer, chaplain; J. E. Bryan, W. 0.
Pair, stewards; M. Buclimann, tyler.

WEST SIDE LODGE.

West Side Lodge No. 498 was organized under dis-
pensation December 38, 1874, and under charter
November 8, 1875, with forty-two charter members,
including the following officers: P. W. Pelton, W.
M.; E. R. Goodrich, S.W.; S. J. Lewis, J.W.; S. 0.
Lewis, treasurer; Prank Wright, secretary; Geo. H.
Willis, S.D.; Geo. W. Glines, J.D.; M. P. McGregor,
steward; Michael App, steward; Edward Lindsley,
tyler.

Stated meetings are held on the second and fourth
Mondays of each month, in Probeck's Hall, West
Side. The officers for 1879 were M. P. McGregor,
W.M.; M. P. Ellis, S.W.; L. W. Day, J.W.; Geo.
W. Glines, treasurer; Prank Wright, secretary; Thos.
Ligget, S.D.; C. H. Morgan, J.D. ; L. T. Dennison,
tyler.

ELLSWORTH LODGE.

Ellsworth Lodge No. 505 was organized in 1865,
and has now a membership of sixty. The lodge meets
at its hall in Miller's Block, South Side, on the second,
and fourth Thursdays of each month. The officers
for 1879 were C. J. Forbes, W.M.; J. H. Nixon, S.
W. ; Wm. Cullen, J.W. ; J. 0. Hemmeter, treasurer;
Wm. Norsworthy, secretary; Daniel Postance, S.D.;
G. L. Pierce, J.D.; W. W. Hathaway and John
Norsworthy, stewards; Chas. Bierer, marshal; W. A.
Lathrop, tyler.

WOODWAED LODGE.

Woodward Lodge No. 508, P. and A. M., was or-
ganized under dispensation March 4, 1875, but did
not receive a charter until October following. The
first officers were: George A. Bemis, W. M.; C. H.
Ostrander, S. W.; Hugh Buckley, J. W.; B. M.
Avery, S. D. ; W. A. NefE, J. D. ; A. H. Stone, treas-
urer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; G. B. Hendershot,
tyler.

The persons elected to the position of Worshipful
Master since organization have been as follows: G. A.
Bemus, 1876; Hugh Buckley, 1876; 0. P. Gibbs,
1877. All officers are elected annually. Stated com-
munications are held on the second and fourth
Wednesday of each month at No. 1938 Euclid ave-
nue. This lodge numbers at present fifty-nine mem-
bers. The present officers are: George A. Bemis, W.
M.; H. P. Atwood, S. W.; H. C. White, J. W.; A.
H, Stone, treasurer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; L.

B. Snow, S. D. ; H. 0. Ferris, J. D. ; Z. R. Cornwall
and M. B. Gary, stewards; G. B. Hendershot, tyler.

WEBB 'CHAPTEK.

The organization of Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal
Arch Masons, dates from the 18th of January, 1826,
A. Inv. 3356, when a petition was presented to the
State Grand Chapter for a dispensation. This being
granted, Reuben Smith was appointed high priest;
Comp. J. Hubbell, K; Comp. Matthew Williams,
scribe.

The first regular meeting under this warrant was
held February 16, 1836, at Comp. D. Mcintosh's Hall,
when six bretliren were advanced to the degree of
mark master. On the 31st of February the M. E. H.
P. appointed Comp. M. Oviatt, secretary. At the
meeting held December 13, 1836, the chapter elected
the following officers. R. Smith, H. P; M. Oviatt,
K. ; A. Abel, S. On January 8, 1838, the chapter
finally succumbed to the anti-masonic excitement and
was not revived until January 33, 1843, when it was
again opened under the authority of a dispensation
appointing A. D. Smith, H. P.; T. A. Ingraham, K. ;
S. P. Clary, S.

The succession of High Priests has- been Reuben
Smith, 1836, temporary appointee, afterwards at an-
nual election in December was elected for one year; J.
Sizer, 1837; A. D. Smith, 1843, under appointment
January 33, 1843; T. A. Ingraham elected October
37, 1843, to serve until December following. S. P.
Clary, 1843 to 1853; H. C. Kingsley, 1853; R. P.
Spaulding, 1853; B. R. Griswold, 1854; R. Creigh-
ton, 1855; 0. A. Hough, 1856; Peter Thatcher, 1857
-8; A. 0. McNairy, 1859-60-1-3; Charles A. Wood-
ward, 1863-4-5-6-7; E. A. Hopkins, 1868; George
H. Adams, 1869-70; E. B. Chamberlain, 1871; C.
A. Woodward, 1873-3; G. W. Berry, 1874-5; W. B.
Hillman, 1876; George A Wright, 1877-8-9. The
present officers are George A. Wright, M. E. H. P.;
James R. Goldson, E. K. ; Charles R. Butler, E. S. ;
William Wilkshire, C. H.; L. A. Willson, P. S.;
Thomas Larter, R. A. C. ; M. J. Lawrence, G. M. 3d
v.; John H. Asplin, G. M. 3d V.; C. D. Collins, G.
M. 1st v.; C. E. Stanley, treasurer; Sam. Briggs,
secretary; Wm. A. Lyon, guard.

Present number of members three hundred and
fifty. Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall,
Case block, on the first and third Thursdays of each
month.

THATCHEE CHAPTEE.

Thatcher Chapter, No. 101, of Royal Arch Masons,
working under authority of a warrant or dispensation
granted by the Grand High Priest of the Grand Chap-
ter of Ohio, was organized April 35, 1867, having
twenty-two charter members. The first officers were
as follows: Peter Thatcher, M. E. H. P.; E. T. Ells-
worth, E. K. ; P. W. Pelton, E. S.

The succession of M. E. H. P., from organization,
is as follows: Peter Thatcher, 1867; E. T. Ellsworth,

288

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

18G8-9; F. TV. Pelton, 1870; J. E. Robinsou, 1871;
S. F. Langell, 1873; IT. F. Percival, 1873; J. M.
Thorpe, 1874; George A. Bemis, 1875; AV. IL Ead-
cliff, 187fi; 0. H. Ostrander, 1877; E. E. Goodrich,
1878; G. G. Allen, 1879.

Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall, Frank-
lin avenue, on the second and fourth Fridays of each
month.

The Chapter has at present two hundred and seven
members. The present officers are G. G. Allen, M.
E. II. P.; i[. P. :\IcGregor, E. K.; L. T. Dennison,
E. S.; M. App, C. n.; F. McNcss, P. S.; T. Liggett,
E. A. C. ; J. C. Weideman, treasurer; J. H. Snow,
secretary; 0. G. Williams, G. U. 3d V.; T. S. Ingra-
ham, G. M. 2d Y.; A. Andrews, 6. M. IstV.; W.
Caldwell, guard.

BAKEE CHAPTER.

Baker Chapter N"o. 139, E. A. M., was organized
January 1, 1875, with ten charter members. Stated
convocations are held in Masonic Hall on Broadway,
on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month.
The lodge has now a membership of sixty, and is in
a flourishing condition. The officers for 1879 were C.
P. Jewett, il. E. H. P.; E. I. Freeman, B. K.; J.

D. Eunals, E. S.; G. E. Dunbar, C. H,; C. L.
Heath, P. S.; J. B. Coriett, E. A. C. ; Prank Cler-
mond, G. M. 3rd Y.; Elias Shepard, G. M. 2nd
Y. ; W. H. Lamprecht, G. M. 1st Y, ; G. G. Hick-
ox, treasurer; H. P. Brown, secretary; A. J. Wells,
guard.

CLEVELAU'D COUNOIL.

Cleveland Council No. 30, E. and S. M., was or-
ganized January 21, 1865, with the following officers:

E. A. Hopkins, T. L M.; C. A. Wood ward, D. M.;
G. H. Adams, P. C. W.; Edward Bndwig, treasurer;
D. E. Field, recorder; G.W. Bei-ry, C. G. The chief
presiding officers down to 1870 liave been E. A. Hoi>
kins, C. A. Woodward, 0. Hay ward, G. W. Berry
and G. A. Wright.

The officers for 1879 are George A. Wright, T. I.
M.; 0. Hayward, D. M.; William Wilkshire, P. C.
W.; C. A. Woodward, treasurer; C. D. Collins, re-
corder; L. A. Willson, C. G. Tlie membership in
August, 1870, was two hundred and three. Stated
assemblies are held in .Masonic hall. Case block, oh
the second Tuesday of each month.

ORIENTAL COMJrAXDERY.

Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar,
was organized July 35, 1851, with the following per-
sons as the first officers: A. D. Bigelow, W. H. Beau-
mont, E. Kingsley, Eobei't Rilov, Jr., H. A. Hough,
Eobert Eiley, Sr., J. W. Milligan.

The chief officers with their terms of service have
been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, Eminent Commander,
1851-3-3; W. H. Beaumont, 1854; Edward E. Gris-
wold, 1855-6-7; Richard Creighton, 1858-9-60; Albert
C. McNairy, 1861; Hemau Ely, 1862-3-4-5; Edgar

A. Hopkins, 1866-7; Charles A. Woodward, 1868-9;
Elisha T. Ellsworth, 1870-1; B. D. Babcock, 1872-
3-4; G. H. Adams, 1875; B. D. Babcock, 1876-7; J.
M. Booth, 1878.

Stated assemblies are held in the asylum, Case block,
on the first Monday of each month. The present
membership numbers two hundred and fifty. The
officers for the year 1879, are as follows: Sir C. E,
Stanley, E. C. ; Sir S. Sickels, Gen. ; Sir J. N. Frazee,
Capt. Gen.; Eev. Sir. J. J. A. Morgan, Prelate; Sir
A. S. Houk, S. W.; Sir J. W. Gibbons, J. W.; Sir
G. A. Wright, Treas.; Sir S. M. Stone, Eec; Sir Geo.
Sherman, standard bearer; Sir J. E. Golson; sword
bearer; Sir M. D. Luehrs, warder; Sir W. A. Lyon,
sentinel; Sir E. D. Page, Sir C. E. Butler, Sir Thos.
Liggett, guards.

HOLTEOOD COMMANDERY.

This Commandery (No. 32, Knights Templar) was
granted a dispensation September 10, 1877, and or-
ganized January 26, 1878, working under dispensa-
tion until November 8, 1878, when the commandery
was duly constituted.

Its officers are George A. Baker, eminent com-
mander; Samuel Briggs, generalissimo; George W.
Short, captain general; A. C. Miller, prelate; Charles
W. Wesley, senior warden; Horace W. Hubbard,
junior warden; Orville P. Skinner, treasurer; George
W. Howe, recorder; Lucien Hills, standard bearer;
David McClaskey, warder.

ELI ADAH GRAND LODGE OE PERFECTION.

The Eliadah Grand Lodge of the Ancient Scottish
Eite was organized May 27, 1859. The charter mem-
bers were elected to the respective offices of the lodge.
Those members, six in number, were as follows: Peter
Thatcher, Jr., Edward E. Griswold, Albert C.
McNairy, Theodore Eoss, David E. Field, Eichard
Creighton. The succession of grand masters from
the organization has been as follows: Peter Thatcher,
Jr., from May 37, 1859, to February 19, 1866; E. A.
Hopkins, from February 19, 1-866, to January 4, 1868;
C. A. Woodward, from January 4, 1868, to February
8, 1875; J. M. Booth, from February 8, 1875, to
February 6, 1878; C. A. Woodward was again elected
G. M., February 6, 1878.

The present officers are C. A. Woodward, T.-.P;.
G.-.M;. ; E. D. Page, D;.G.-.M.-. ; F. A. Morse,
V;.S.-.G.-.W;. ; C. E. Butler, V;.J.-.G;.W;. ; Eev. B.
F. Brook, G.-.O;. ; B. D. Babcock, G.-.T.-. ; S. M.
Stone, G.-.S;.K.-. of the S.-. and A;. ; Sam. Briggs,
G.-.M;. of C.-. J. W. Gibbons, G.-.C.-. of the G;. ; AV.
H. Parker, G.-.H.-.B.-. ; W. A. Lyon, G;.S;.

The lodge has a membership of one hundred and
eighty-two, and meets on the first Saturday of each
month at Masonic Hall, Case building.

BAHUKIM COUNCIL, PRINCES OP JERUSALEM.

This Council was organized June 15, 1859. The
first officers of the Council were Albert C. McNairy,

^7- /.

^ Cf^y (Z.

ODD FELLOWS 'AND KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS.

289

5. P. G. M.: Peter Thatcher, G. H. P.: Richard
Creighton, S. G. W.: David E. Field, J. G. W.; Ed-
ward E. Griswold, G. Treasurer; Theodore Ross, G.
Secretary. The presiding officers of this Council
with their terms of service have been as follows; Al-
bert 0. McNairy, June 15, 1859 to April 25, 1866;
Edgar A. Hopkins, April 25, 1866, to January 4,
1868; Elisha T. Ellsworth, from January 4, 1868 to
January 13, 1871; Brenton D. Babcock, from Janu-
ary 13, 1871, to January 9, 1874; George H. Burt,
present incumbent, elected January 9, 1874.

The present officers are as follows: George H. Burt,
S;.P.-.G;.M.-. ; Charles A. Woodward, G.-.H;.P.-. ; Ed-
ward D. Page, S;.G;.W.-. ; Geo. A. Wright, J;. G;.W;.;
Brenton D. Babcock, G;.Treas.-. ; Fred. A. Morse, G;.
Sec'y;. ; Joshua M. Booth, G;.M.-.C;. ; John W. Gib-
bons, G.-.M;.B;. ; William A. Lyon, G.-.T;.

The Council has a membership of one hundred and
eighty-three, and holds regular meetings on the third
Saturday of each month, at Masonic Hall, Case block.

ARIEL CHAPTER S. P. ROSE CROIX DE H. R. D. M.

Ariel Chapter was organized June 18, 1860. The
first elected officers were: Theodore Rose, M;.W.-. &
P;.M.-. ; Peter Thatcher, Jr., P;. K;. S.-. W;. ; Albert
C. McNairy, P.-.K.-.J;.W.-. ; George H. Burt, P;.K;.
Sec'y;. ; Robert S. Weaver, K.-.M.-.C.-. ; Richard
Creighton, P.-.K.-.C.-.G;.

The presiding officers of the Chapter from the time
of its organization have been as follows: Theodore
Rose, June 18, 1860, to May 2, 1866; E. A. Hopkins,
May 2, 1866 to January 4, 1868; Richard Creighton,
January 4, 1868 to March 25, 1869; Sheldon Sickles,
March 25, 1869, to April 10, 1873; C. A. Woodward,
April 10, 1873 to May 6, 1875; B. D. Babcock, May

6, 1875, to May 30, 1878. Sam. Briggs was chosen
M.-.W.-. & P.-.M.-. May 30, 1878, and still holds that
office.

The Chapter at present sliows an enrollment of one
hundred and eighty-one members. The present offi-
cers are: Sam. Briggs, M;.W;. & P;.M;. ; F. A.
Morse, P.-.K;.S.-.W.-. ; A. S. Houk, P;.K;.J;.W;. ;
Rev. J. W. Brown, P.-.K.-.O;. ; C. A. Woodward,
P;.K.-.Treas.-. ; E. D. Baker, P;. K.-. Sec'y.-. ; W. W.
Parker, P;. K.-. Hosp;. ; Sheldon Sickles, K;.M.-.C.-. ;
George A. Wright, P.-.K.-.C;.G.-.

Convocations are held monthly on the third Satur-
day at Masonic Hall, Case block.

AL KORAN TEMPLE.

Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of
the Mystic Shrine, was organized in October, 1876,
and has now a membership of fifty. Petitions for
membership are entertained only from A;. A.-. Rite
Masons and Knights Templar. For 1879 the officers
were Sam. Briggs, P. P., John A. Norton, Rec; Ohas.
T. Wesley, treasurer.

CHAPTER LVIIL

ODD FELLOAJTS AND KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.

Cleveland Lodge, I. O. O. F.— Cuyahoga— Erie— Phoenix— Cataract —
AUemania — Anchor — University —Amazon — Banner — Mayflower-
North Wing Encampnaent- Harmonia Encampment — Lake Shore
Lodge, K, of P. — Washington — Herman — Standard — Cleveland — Owa-
tonna— South Side — Oak— Forest City— Red Cross— Section Seventy-
Eight— Section Eighty-Nine— Preux Chevalier Division.

CLEVELAND LOUGE.

Cleveland Lodge No. 13, I. 0. 0. F., was granted
a charter April 16, 1842, but was not regularly insti-
tuted until May 14th of the same year. This is the
oldest lodge in Northern Ohio. The charter mem-
bers were Gideon F. Tindall, John Forbey, J. H.
Monroe, J. J. Phillips, Francis Harding, S. B. Lo-
gan, Isaac Cornell, D. A. Eddy, Albert Harris, Wil-
liam Cubbin, Edward Downs.

The following is a list of the Noble Grands, with
the years in which they held office. From the organ-
ization until January 1, 1847, the term of office was
three months; since that time it has been six months.
The Noble Grands of each year are arranged in the
order in which they occupied the chair: In 1842,
Gideon F. Tindall, Edward Downs and S. B. Logan;
1843, Henry Morgan, Madison Miller, Robert John-
ston and Geoi-ge Judkins; 1844, William Bailey, Nel-
son Hayward, J. K. Baker and Henry Morgan; 1845,
Robert Bsiiley, William Cubbin, David Russell and G.
F. Tindall; 1846, William Smith, John Shelley, F.
J. Hamilton and James F. Wilbur; 1847, W. Thomp-
son and W. Strong; 1848, W. Strong and J. S. An-
drews; 1849, B. F. Punderson and George A. Stan-
ley; 1850, J. E. Williams and Richard Wynne; 1851,
L. D. Griswold and James Chubb; 1852, George H.
Adams and Justin Morrison; 1853, David Schuh and
William H. Nay; 1854, Henry Frissell and George W.
Berry; 1855, Charles H. Babcock and George F.
Marshall; 1856, Isaac N. Pillsbury and A. C. Brain-
ard; 1857, William H. Nay and Hamilton Stickney;
1858, R. H. Boggs and H. P. Jones; 1859, John S.
Martin and J. M. Blackburn; 1860, William J.
Rhodes and Thomas D. Christian; 1861, David G.
Rabon and William Yapp; 1862, A. S. Allen and 8.
C. Hurd; 1863, William Wood and Frederick Dal ton;
1864, Matthew Wilson andS. A. Haven; 1865, Henry
Bowley and B. McGrath; 1866, Nathan Carnigie and
J. S. Perley; 1867, F. R. Humphrey and Thomas
Simmons; 1868, S. W. Rowe and John H. Richard-
son; 1869, Thomas J. McGarry and William P. Luse;
1870, David A. Oattell and George H. Macy; 1871,
William W. Castle and Benjamin Kingsborough;
1872, C. W. Dill and Samuel Ilaynes; 1873-, Philip
Megerth and Thomas Rowell; 1874, J. H. Deckand
and G. L. Benton; 1875, J. J. Farvvell and James A.
Robinson; 1876, J. J. Quay and S. H. Johnson; 1877,
C. B. Page and W. C. Fisk; 1878, A. C. Longacre
and S. B. Corregan.

The lodge has a present membership of one hun-
dred and seventy-nine, and meets each Monday even-

290

THE CITY OF CLEV'feLAND.

ing in the Odd Fellows' Hall, No. 34 Monumental
Square. The jwesent officers of the lodge are as fol-
lows: H. Watterson, N. G.; W. H. Newton, V. G.;
James A. Eobinson, Rec. Sec; G. A. Randall, Per.
Sec. ; W. J. Rhodes, treasurer.

CXITAHOGA LODGE.

Cuyahoga Lodge No. 32, I. 0. 0. F., now num-
bering over one hundred and fifty members, hold
regular weekly meetings at No. 34 Monumental
Square. The officers of the lodge are elected every
six months. The present officials are 0. Fraser, P.
G.; E. H. Strass, N. G.; J. Collins, V. G.; F. Bay-
lor, E. S.; H. Bolton, P. S.; J. S. Wood, treasurer;
A. Inglis, W.; H. A. Heimsmith, C; T. Kain, R.
S. N. G.; George Weckerling, L. S. N. G.; J. A.
Smith, R. S. V. G.; diaries Lloyd, L. S. V. G.; W.
Eolohan, R. S. S.; J. P. Neil, L. S. S.; J. Wilson,
T. G.

ERIE LODGE.

Erie Lodge No. 37, I. 0. 0. F., was organized May
8, 1844, and has now a membership of two hundred
and ten. The officers are Wm. E. Starling, N. G. ;
Geo. M. Kinsey, Y. G. ; C. P. Allen, R. S. ; J. D.
Anderson, P. S. ; James Hays, T. Regular meetings
are held in Odd Fellows' Block, corner of Pearl and
Church streets, every Friday evening.

PHCENIX LODGE.

Phoenix Lodge No. 333, I. 0. 0. F., was organized
March 37, 1854, at which time the following persons
were elected officers: G. E. Starkweather, N. G. ;
Chai-les A. Crumb, V. G. ; Sanford J Lewis, perma-
nent secretary; Charles W. Standart, recording secre-
tary; G. B. Folsom, treasurer. These, with the
addition of Charles W. Palmer and G. E. Russell,
comprised the charter members of tlie society. Offi-
cers are elected semi-annually in January ano^July of
each year. The succession of presiding officers has
been as follows, with the dates of election respec-
tively: G. E. Starkweather, 1854; C. A. Crumb,
1854; C. W. Standart, 1855; C. W. Palmer, 1855;
Belden Seymour, 1856; Hiram Stone, 1856; J. H.
Miller, 1857; Francis Foster, 1857; S. N. Nelson,
1858; J. W. Welsh, 1858; H. Parsons, 1859; Dan'l
Stephan, 1859. S. N. Nelson, 1860; L. R. Morris,
1860; Geo. W. Turner, 1861; L. D. Twitchell, 1861;
S. J. Burlison, 1863; Jas. Neville, 1863; Ambrose
Anthony, 1863; J. Wylie Smith, 1863; A. T. Van
Tassell, 1864; M. E. Beckwith, 1864; J. B. Shull,
18G5; W. W. Williams, 1865; Y. Maytham, 1866; J.
Rigg, 1866; Wm. J. Ranney, 1867; J. M. Drake,
1867; John J. Cannon, 1868; Belden Seymour, 1868;
Elias Ede, 1869; Conrad Deubel, 1869; Benj. Brit-
ton, 1870; W. W. Gould, 1870; G. L. Barber, 1871;
A. Hartsell, 1871; J. M. Ribble, 1873; J. Rigg, 1872;
E. J. Cliubb, 1873; H. E. Chubb, 1873; A. D. Beck-
with, 1874; E. K. Wilcox, 1874; M. A. Shane, 1875;
C. C. Campbell, 1875; J. W. Anthony, 1876; W. M.

Redman, 1876; J. C. Skeel, 1877; H. S. Nelson,
1877; E. E. Brown, 1878; Belden Seymour, 1878-9.

Phoenix Lodge dedicated its first hall August 3,
1854, on which occasion interesting addresses were
made by Chas. AY. Palmer and Dr. Walter Prentice.
This place of meeting was in Sanfoi'd's Hall, Detroit
street. West Side.

The first anniversary was publicly celebrated March
37, 1855; and an address delivered by the Noble
Grand, Chas. W. Palmer.

Phcenix Lodge has furnished two Grand Masters of
the State of Ohio, Belden Seymour and E. K. Wilcox,
the former of whom was also Grand Representative
to the Grand Lodge of the United States.

The present officers are as follows: Belden Sey-
mour, N. G. ; E. K. Wilcox, V. G. ; J. C. Cannon,
R. S.; H. E. Chubb, P. S.; J. Wagner, T.; S. N.
Nelson, R. S. N.; A. A. Wenham, L. S. N. G.; J.
Wylie Smith, R. S. V. G.; John Nelson, L. S. V. G.;
R. Bacon, C. ; Alex. Hadden, W. ; J. H. Lockwood,
R. S. S.; W. M. Crowell, L. S. S.; A. Kinney, L G.;
W. W. Williams, 0. G.

The number of members enrolled and paying dues
is two hundred and fifteen. The present place of
meeting is in the fine hall built and owned jointly by
Phoenix and Erie Lodges, corner of Pearl and Church
streets. West Side. Phoenix Lodge meets every Mon-
day evening.

CATARACT LODGE.

Cataract Lodge, No. 395, I. 0. 0. F., was organized
September 18, 1855. The first officers were as fol-
lows: Leander Firestone, N. G. ; John Quay le, V.G.;
Joseph Turney, R. S. ; C. P. Jewett, P. S. ; B. S.
Wiggins, T. ; Clark Caley, W. ; A. J. Spencer, C. ;
N. T. Meach, I. G. ; E. Shepard, 0. G. Officers are
elected semi-annually. The Lodge numbers at pre-
sent one hundred and five members, and meets Wed-
nesday evenings at No. 3,583 Broadway. The present
officers are M. K. Shoemaker, N. G. ; Wm. P. Braund,
V. G.; H. L. Reed, R. S.; A. J. Spencer, P. S.; F.
K. Reed, T.; Daniel Kelley, W.; R. S. Corlett, C;
Jacob Kohlman, I. G. ; Thos. Richardson, 0. G. ; C.
A. Marble, R. S. N. G.; Eli Cannell, L. S. N. G.;
Benj. Sawyer, R. 8. V. G. ; R. Woodley, L. S. V. G.

ALLEMANIA LODGE.

This Lodge, No. 370, I. 0. 0. F., was organized
July 9, 1863, with twenty-two members. It now has
a membership of one hundred and eighty-one. The
officers are Frank Kysella, N. G.; Wm. Heinzman,
V. G. ; John Ruehle, S. ; J. M. Acker, F. S. ; Lewis
Hausheer, T. ; Theodore Schehran, P. G. The Lodge
meets every Thursday evening, at No. 34, Monu-
mental square.

AXCHOK LODGE.

This Lodge, No. 387, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted
June 37, 1867, with the following officers: Fred.
Otte, N. G.; George Schaflfer, V. G.; L. Larsman,
S.; L J. Weideman, P. S.; I. B. Wilbur, T. Regu-

ODD FELLOWS AND KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.

291

lar meetings are held at Wagner's block, 361 Pearl
street, every Thursday erening. The term of office
is six mouths. The lodge is composed of Germans
and numbers fifty-eight. The present officers are
Peter Rufsendor, N. G.; I. Detfs, V. G.; I. Beck, S.;
I. I. Weidman, P. S.; I. C. Weidman, T.

UNIVERSITY LODGE.

Lodge No. 415, I. 0. 0. F., was organized in 1867,
and has now eighty-one members; Regular meetings
are held every Thursday evening at the corner of
Merchant avenue and Fairfield street. The officers
are J. M. Johnson, N. G.; J. G. Paddock, V. G.;
M. D. Mott, P. S.; H. E. Mason, R. S.; 0. A. Fish,
T.

DONAU LODGE.

Lodge No. 475, I. 0. 0. F., was organized June
19, 1871. Its members number now seventy-six and
its officers are Wm. Reite, N. G. ; J. M. Hirf , V. G. ;
Joseph Schneider, R. S. ; J. A. Enkler, P. S. ; Henry
Streiter, T. Regular meetings are held every Wed-
nesday evening at the corner of Columbns and Vega
street.

AMAZON LODGE.

Amazon Lodge No. 567 I.O.O.F. was instituted
June 2, 1874, with the following officers: H. B. Car-
penter, N.G.; L. D. Roberts, V.G.; Marcus Wickes,
R.S.; Charles Bangs, P.S.; T. S. Pelton, T. The
society has at present eighty-six members, and meets
each Wednesday evening, at their room on the corner
of Lorain and Root streets. The officers are G. P.
Geib, N.G.; N. B. Kellogg, V.G.; George Cassidy,
R. S.; H. G. Siphen, P. S.; M. 0. Kellogg, T.

BANNER LODGE.

This Lodge, No. 578, I.O.O.F., was organized June
24, 1874. Its first officers were P. Waldeck, noble
grand; 0. L. Rider, vice grand; A. L. Somers, re-
cording secretary; 0. Slack, permanent secretary;
James McMahon, treasurer.

The following have been the chief officers of the
society from the time of the organization, with the
date of assuming office: P. Waldeck, June 34, 1874;
0. L. Rider, January 1, 1875; A. L. Somers, July 1,
1875; D. 0. Talcott, January 1, 1876; James Mc-
Mahon, July 1, 1876; 0. L. Anderson, January 1,
1877; Jesse Peet, July 1, 1877; J. A. Mcintosh, Jan-
uary 1, 1878; E. Zehner, July 1, 1878; F. W. Lewis,
January 1, 1879.

The present officers are F. W. Lewis, noble grand;
G. A. Ilerringshaw, vice grand; Alex. McBane, re-
cording secretary; E. N. Leathers, permanent secre-
tary; James McMahon, treasurer; A. L. Somers,
Chris. A. Nauert and Jesse Peet, trustees. The
society now numbers about eighty members, and
meets every Thursday evening, at Rock's new block,
corner of Woodland and Wilson avenues.

MAYFLOWER LODGE.

Mayflower Lodge No. 679, I. 0. 0. F., was organ-
ized June 16, 1879, and now numbers twenty-eight
members, with the following officers: John B. Darby,
N. G. ; Thomas E. Johnson, V. G. ; A. Bartholomew,
secretary; Henry Graham, P. S. ; P. H. Repp, T.
Regular meetings are held every Monday evening at
the corner of St. Clair and Phelps streets.

NORTH WING ENCAMPMENT.

North Wing Encampment No. 88, I. 0. 0. F.,
was organized July 30, 1862. The officers now are
William E. Starling, 0. P.; Henry Folliett, S. W.;
G. M. Kinsey, J. W.; William H. Price, Jr., H. P.;
J. L. Shephard, 1st W. ; A. A. Wenham, 2d W. ; A.
H. Weed, 3d W. ; William McGehan, 4th W. ; P. W.
Dracket, 1st G. of T. ; C. M. Hurlbert, 2d G. of T. ;
John Cowle, T.

The membership is now one hundred and eighty;
the place of meeting (every Wednesday evening) be-
ing at Odd Fellows Hall, corner of Pearl and Church
streets.

HARMONIA ENCAMPMENT.

Harmonia Encampment, I. 0. 0. F., was organized
May 8, 1872, with twenty-seven members, and has
now twenty-nine. The officers are John Oswald, C.
P.; Franz Frankie, F. S.; Daniel Maeder, T.; L.
Poplowsky, H. P. Regular meetings are held at 34
Public Square, the second and fourth Tuesdays of
each month.

LAKE SHORE LODGE (KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS).

Lake Shore Lodge No. 6, K. of P., was organized
May 25, 1869. Its first officers were W. H. Jones,
C. C; Thomas Axworthy, V. C; F. W. Pelton, P.;
W. J. Ranney, K. of R. and S. ; H. J. Webb, M. of
F.; Thomas Willows, M. of E.; Charles H. Babcock,
M. at A. ; F. Hoffman, I. G. ; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G.

The lodge has at present a membership of two hun-
dred and eleven. Regular meetings are held each
Tuesday evening in Root's block. Pearl street, corner
of Detroit.

The present officers are as follows: George Keiffer,
P. 0. Charles A. W. Rice, C. C. ; R. D. Updegraff,
V. C. ; Judson Pratt, P. ; 0. H. P. Hicks, M. of E. ;
F. W. Davis, M. of F. ; Charles B. Dole, K. of R.
and S. ; George C. Kreck, M. at A. ; Fred. A. Smith,
L G.; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G.

WASHINGTON LODGE (K. OF P.).

Washington Lodge No. 10, was organized August
8, 1869. There are now one hundred and twenty-six
members, and the officei's are C. J. McDowell, P. C. •
E. H. Gault, C. C. ; Louis Black, V. C. ; Samuel
Ward, P.; E. W. Cooper, K. of R. & S.; Thomas
Tibbitt, M. of F.; W. B. Rich, M. of E.; E. W. God-
dard, M. at A.; Louis Stanton, I. G.; M. E. Kava-
nagh, 0. G.

292

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Eegnlar meetings are held every Friday evening at
the corner of Ontario and High streets.

HERMANN LODGE (K. OF P.).

Hermann Lodge ISTo. 40, K. of P., was organized
Decemher 11, 1871, with the following (fl'lcers: Chiis
Saeltzer, V. C; J. N. Wagner, V. V.; Pliillip L.
Baum, K. of R. and S. ; Christ. Marten, M. of F. ;
John Gerloch, M. of E. ; J. C. Weideman, M. at A. ;
J. Unkrich, I. G. ; J. C. Ferbert, 0. G.

Regular meetings are held each Tuesday evening at
Castle Hall, No. 363 Pearl street.

The present oflScers are C. V. Paeltzer, P. C. ; J.
C. Ferbert, C. C. ; H. W. AVeidemann, V. C; A. H.
Gehring, P.; John Scheniermann, K. of R. and S. ;
J. N. Wagner, M. of F. ; J. J. Weidemann, M. of E. ;
A. Cardis, M. at A.; F. Woodworth, I. G., George
Fiber, 0. G.

STANDARD LODGE (K. OE P.).

Standard Lodge No. 46, K. of P., was instituted
June 17, 1872, with the following officers: E. W.
Johns, P. 0. ; Thomas James, C. C. ; Robert Hearst,
V. C; Wm. E. Edwards, K. of R. and S.; George
Thomas, M. F.; William McKinze, M. E.-; H. J.
Bullock, M. A. ; David Y. James, I. G. ; C. Q. Scott,
0. G.

This Lodge has a membership of one hundred and
seventeen. Regular meetings are held every Thurs-
day night at No. 2509 Broadway.

The present officers are Hugh Wright, P. C. ; Frank
R. Shattuck, 0. C; Matthew Wright, V. C!.; James
McKay, P. ; Peter J. Dolsen, K. of R. and S. ; John
R. Coleman, M. F. ; Thomas Thompson, M. E. ; Jo-
seph Hillier, M. A.; D. F. Lockhart, I. G.; Thomas
Richardson, 0. G.

CLEVELAND LODGE (K. OF P.).

Cleveland Lodge No. 61, Knights of Pythias, was
organized October 7, 1873, with sixteen charter mem-
bers, from whom the following officers were elected:
Martin Maiirer, P. C; A. Schwarz, C. C; Vincent
Schafer, V. C. ; Fred Hamm, P. ; Charles Breves, K.
of R. and S. ; Henry Hoehn, M. of F. ; A. E. Dehler,
K. of E.; Henry M. Holzworth, I. G.; Gottlieb
Scheuerman, 0. G.

Regular meetings are held every Wednesday evening
at Saal's Hall, corner Lake and Ontario streets. The
lodge has ninety members enrolled and in good stand-
ing. At the last grand lodge session held at Steu-
ben ville, Ohio, A. B. Schellentrager, of Cleveland
lodge, was appointed and confirmed Deputy Grand
Master of the State, by the State Grand Chancellor.

This is the only entirely German Lodge of Knights
of Pythias in Cuyahoga county. In May, 1879, the
lodge formed the fifth degree of the Chivalric Order,
a "Uniform Division" called "Cleveland Division,'
No. 8," composed of thirty-five members, under com-
mand of Maj. C. W. Kraus.

The present officers are as follows: 0. C. Schellen-
trager, P. C; William Trinkner, 0. C; A. Schild-
hauer, V. C. ; A. Schaefer, P.; A. Popowsky, K. of
R. and S.; Ph. Hollander, M. of F.; Henry Klaus,
K. of E. ; Franz Eiche, M. at A. ; Henry Guentzler,
I. G. ; Fred. Vogt, 0. G.

OWATONNA LODGE (K. OF P.).

Owatonna No. 62 was organized in 1873 with twen-
ty-one charter members. It has now a membership
of ninety, with the following officers: Herbert Hill,
C. C; G. 0. Butler, V. C; G. H. Wadsworth, P.;
G. C. Quintrel, M. of F.; F. A. Wadsworth, M. of
E.; P. Englet, M. at A.; William Henderson, P. C;
Thomas Rowell, K. of R. and S. Regular meetings
are held in Rock's block, corner of Willson and Wood-
land avenues, every Wednesday evening.

SOUTH SIDE LODGE (K. OF P.).

This lodge (No. 68) was organized in May, 1875,
with twenty-four members. There are now sixty-
five, with the following officers: E. C. Stedman, C.
C; F. R. Merchant, V. C. C. ; George C. Hola, P.;
C. J. Robinson, K. of R. and S.; W. C. North, F. S.;
George W. Makepeace, M. E. Regular meetings are
held on the first and third Mondays of each month at
the corner of Merchant avenue and Fairfield street,
West Side.

OAK LODGE (K. OF P.).

Oak Lodge No. 77, was organized in 1875, and
has now in good standing upwards of one hundred
members. The officers are John Wathey, 0. C;
Jacob Schug, V. C. ; F. Ferval, P. C. ; H. Holcomb,
M. of F. ; Maynard Miller, M. of E. ; L. Mayer, K.
E. and S. ; E. T. Morrill, P. Regular meetings are
held at 726 St. Clair avenue, every Wednesday even-
ing.

FOREST CITY LODGE (k. OF P.).

Forest City No. 78, was organized in 1875, aud
tas now a membership of sixty. The officers are W.
S. Forrester, C. C. ; W. 0. Cox, V: C. ; W. A. Har-
vey, P. C; H. P. Gale, P.; N. L. Hibbard, K. of R.
and S. ; L. S. Chad wick, M. of F. ; M. H. Brown, M.
of E.; John Newberry, M. of A.; C. A. Kyle, L G.;
John Paul, 0. G.

RED CROSS LODGE (k. OF P.).

This lodge (No. 89) was formed in 1876, aud has
now a membership of sixty. The present officers are
C. C. Reeves, C. C; J. F. Penwick, P. C; H. S.
Schue, V. C; J. J. Weinhardt, P.; George M. Love,
M. of E.; William Hemerly, M. of F.; William Spil-
ker, K. R. and S. ; George Cunningham, M. A.
Regular meetings are held every Wednesday evening,
at 363 Pearl street.

FORESTERS, KNIGHTS OP HONOR AND CLUBS.

293

ENDOWMENT SECTION SEVENTY-EIGHT (K. OF P. )

This section was instituted January 33, 1878.
There are now eighty-seven members, with the fol-
lowing officers: C. J. McDowell, president; E. W.
Cooper, secretary and treasurer; J. M. Millard, guide;
6. W. Taylor, chaplain; L. Mayer, guard; R. Strauss,
sentinel. Regular meetings are held at the corner of
Ontario and High streets the first and third Mondays
of each month.

ENDOWMENT SECTION EIGHTY-NINE (K. OF P.)

Section eighty-nine was organized in 1878, and has
now a membership of seventy-five. Its ofiicers are J.
C. Ross, P. ; John McFeras, V. P. ; C. B. Dole, S.
and T.; Henry Biddle, Cr.; Charles Mallory, G.;
John Barnes, G'n.; D. A. Udell, S.

Regular meetings are held at 363 Pearl street on the
second Tuesday of each month.

pkeux chevaliee division, uniform rank,
(k. of p.)

The first officers of Preux Chevalier Division (No.
3, of Ohio), Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, were
Sir Knight Commander 0. H. P. Hicks; Sir Knight
Lieutenant Commander E. C. Stedmaa; Sir Kuight
Recorder Charles A. W. Rice; Sir Knight Treasurer
Eugene L. Closse.

The present officers are Sir Knight Commander 0.
H. P. Hicks; Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander E.
C. Stedman; Sir Knight Herald Henry W. McDole;
Sir Knight Recorder Henry Biddle; Sir Knight Trea-
surer Thomas Boutall; Sir Knight Guard George S.
Tambling; Sir Knight Sentinel H. R. Sanborn; Sir
Knight Surgeon Dr. J. P. Armstrong; Sir Knights
Trustees 0. H. P. Hicks, .George KiefEer aud E. L.
Closse.

The present number of members is fifty. Regular
business meetings are held every third Thursday, and
drill meetings every first, second and fourth Thursday
of each month, at 8 p.m. The armory and hall of
the division are at the corner of Pearl and Bridge
streets.

CUYAHOGA DIVISION, UNIFORM RANK, (K. OF P.)

This division (No. 4) was organized in 1879, and
has now a membership of thirty-six. The officers are.
Sir Knight Commander E. H. Towson; Sir Knight
Lieutenant Commander C. W. Burgess; Sir Knight
Herald E. W. Cooper; Sir Knight Recorder C. E.
Odell; Sir Knight Treasurer John Muest; Sir Knight
Guard Alexander Ward; Sir Knight Sentinel George
Kreck. The division drills at No. 53 Monumental
Square, the second and fourth Mondays of each
month.

CHAPTER LIX.

FOKESTEKS, KNIGHTS OF HONOR AND CIiUBS.

Ancient Order of Foresters— Court Robin Hood— Star of the Forest— Ex-
celsior—Little John— Ivanhoe— Standard— King of the Germans-
Woodland — Union — Zaboy — Rowanoprownost — Centennial Lodge,
Knights of Honor— Advance Lodge— Cleveland— Triumph— Euclid
Avenue— Idaho— Economy. Miscellaneous Lodges— Excelsior Club-
Union Club— Eclectic Club. Other Clubs and Societies.

ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS.

The Cleveland United District of the Ancient Or-
der of Foresters meets on the fourth Thursdays of
April and October. The officers for 1879, are S. A.
Dillon, D. 0. R.; Samuel Pinch, D. S. C. R.; Robert
Huntley, D. T.; P. H. Ellenberger, D. S.

COUltT ROBIN HOOD.

This Court, No. 5553, A. 0. P., was organized
August 1, 1871, with the following officers: John
Harris, C. R.; John Sharp, S. C. R.; Thomas Tib-
bitt, S. ; D. W. Harrison, A. S. ; Janatus Puchs, T. ;
Parker Shackelton, S. W. ; Elijali Lear, J. W. ; John
Bragg, S. B. ; Robert Huntley, J. B.

The Court has a membership of eighty-eight. Regu-
lar meetings are held each alternate Thursday even-
ing, at Saal'shall, corner of Lake and Ontario streets.
The present officers are William Close, C. R. ; Bern-
hard Lellig, S. C. R. ; John Armstrong, T. ; W. J.
Rowe, S.; G. T. Marshall, A. S.; Theodore Wilder,
S. W. ; G. Glaufleld, S. B. ; W. H. Gillard, J. B.

COURT STAR OF THE FOREST.

Court Star of the Forest No. 5553, A. 0. P., was
organized at a preliminary meeting held July 34, 1871,
although the first election did not occur until August
9th following. The first officers were Harry Kitch-
ingham, chief ranger; All B. Brewster, sub-chief
ranger; Edward Spurr, secretary; Charles Medhurst,
treasurer; Harry Saywell, senior woodward; William
Callaway, junior woodward; 0. Callaway, Jr., senior
beadle; Thomas E. Cooper, junior beadle.

The chief rangers of this court with the dates of
their election have been as follows: Harry Kitching-
ham, August 9, 1871; Joseph Stead, October 19, 1871;
resigned April 34, 1873; Charles Medhurst, appointed
May 1, 1873, for remainder of term; Edward Spurr,
July 3, 1873; W. Turrell, January 1, 1873; Charles ^
Medhurst, September 34, 1873; Alf. E. Brewster,
January 14, 1874; John Raines, July 8, 1874; Edward
Spurr, January 14, 1875; Thomas Shute, July 14,
1875; re-elected January 13, 1876; Abraham Hardy,
August 8, 1876; Edward Spurr, July 10, 1877; John
Wood, January 8, 1878; resigned March 36, 1878;
Charles Medhurst, March 36, 1878; C. Callaway, Jr.,
June 35, 1878; re-elected December 34, 1878.

The present officers areC. Callaway, Jr., C. R. ; G.
W. Medhurst, S. C. R. ; ilhomas Ceilings, T. ; Wm.

294

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

A. Underwood, R. S.; Wm. Hodder, S. W.; W. 0.
Fuller, J. W.; W. Callaway, S. B.; 0. R. Smith, J.

B. The court now numbers sixty-two members.
Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth
Tuesday of each month in Knights of Pythias Hall,
Harvey's Block, 1928 Euclid avenue.

COURT EXCELSIOB.

Court Excelsior, No. 5555, (A. 0. F.), was organ-
ized in 1871, and now has one hundred and fifteen
members in good standing. Regular meetings are
held on the second, third and fourth Saturdays of each
month, at No. 2501 Broadway. The officers are,
Peter Buckingham, C. R. ; David E. James, S. C. R. ;
Jeffrey Hopkins, P. S. ; John Gallagher, R. S. ; Ben-
jamin Phillips, S. W. ; John Wilson, J. W. ; Samuel
Young, S. B. ; Harvey Burt, J. B.

COURT LITTLE JOHN.

Court Little John No. 5699, A. 0. P., was organ-
ized March 24, 1872, with fifteen chai-ter members, of
whom the following were chosen as the first officers:
Dr. Isaac Kimberling, C. R. ; George L. Pierce, S. C.
R. : Charles Burk,T. ; George Rowe, S. ; T. E. Bunney,
S. W.; James Judd, J. W. ; W. Wright, S. B.; J.
Adloff, J. B. ; J. Butler, R. Wetzell and J. E. Miller,
trustees. The officers, except the secretary, are
elected semi-annually. The secretary is elected annu-
ally. The chief rangers since the organization have
been, Isaac Kimberling and George Rowe, 1876; T.
E. Bunney and H. Turnbull, 1877; J. Gates and
Samuel Bugg, 1878. The present officers of the
court are C. W. Leckenby, C. R. ; A. R. Bunney, S.

C. R. ; Charles Birk, T. ; George Rowe, S. ; Edward
Berry, S. W.; A. Inglis, J. W.; Eli White, S. B.;
H. Lowe, J. B.

This court has a present membership of ninety, and
meets semi-monthly at the corner of Pearl and Free-
man streets. West Side.

COURT IVANHOE.

This court (No. 5783), named after Scott's cele-
brated hero, was instituted February 17, 1873, at
Koebler's Hall on Woodland avenue. The first court
officers were Robert Huntley, 0. R. ; A. Goakes, S.
C. R. ; D. W. Harrison, secretary; J. Faulkner,
treasurer; J. Weil, S. W.; Thos. Neat, J. W.; S.
Goldsmith, S. B.; E. Martin, J. B.

The following have been the chief rangers of the
court since its organization: Robert Huntley, D. W.
Harrison, B. Mahler, J. Faulkner, R. Goulding, P.
A. Dillon, Thos. J. Morrow, Fred. Colwell, J. R.
Ransom. Of the past chiefs, Robt. Huntley served
two terms and the others one term each.

This court has been singularly unfortunate in the
loss of its members by death, but nevertheless has an
accumulated fund of one thousand dollars. The
members, now numbering over one hundred, are
nearly all young men. Regular meetings are held on

alternate Thursday evenings, at Halle's Hall, No.
354 Ontario street.

COURT STANDARD (SO. 5784).

Court Standard was organized August 19, 1873,
with the following as its first officers: John Biagg,
C. R. ; Richard Brooks, S. C. R. ; Duncan Mcintosh,
S. ; Henry James, T. ; J. D. Rowland, S. W. ; Rich-
ard Gray, J. W.; E. D. Poyner, S. B.; G. H. Kline,
J. B.

The court has a membership of one hundred and
fifteen. Officers are elected semi-annually. The fol-
lowing list shows the succession of Chief Rangers
with their terms of service from the time of organi-
zation: J. Biagg, five months; R. Brooks, six mouths;
J. D. Rowland, six months; T. Rowell, six months;
J. N. Sherwin, six months; W. McLauehlin, twelve
months; J. Baines, six months; G. Wooley, six
months; W. A. Wai'd, six months; W. Bradford, six
months.

The present officers of the court are B. Stokes, 0.
R.; J. W. Hagne, S. C. R.; J. N. Sherwin, P. S.;
W. H. Cleveland, R. S.; C. Baines, T.; 6. Ellacott,
S. W.; J. Westmark, J. W.; R. Benchell, S. B.; J.
Campbell, J. B. Meetings are held every Wednesday
evening in Fix's Block, No. 65 Scovill avenue.

COURT PEARL OF THE RHINE.

Court No. 6263, A. 0. P., was instituted Septem-
ber 22, 1876, with the following officers: Charles
Benz, C. R.; Prank Hintermcyer, S. C. R.; Fred.
Scharf, P. S. ; John Spaller, P. S. ; John Heimberger,
T.; Prank Weitling, S. W.; George Deckand, J. W.;
Frank Kalbrunner, S. B. ; Ludwig Brisky, J. B.

The elections are held semi-annually. The mem-
bers, seventy-five in number, are Germans and the
court works in that language. The chief rangers
have been as follows: Charles Benz, Frank Hinter-
mcyer, Ludwig Kopke and Fred. Koch. The present
officers are Charles Benz, C. R. ; August Miller, S.
C. R.; Ernst Prahst, P. S.; Henry Kobabe, F. S.;
Henry Wiegert, T. ; Herman Schulz, S. W. ; Charles
Geicht, J. W.; William Heuk, S. B.; Martin Frenz,
J. B. Regular meetings are held each alternate
Friday evening at Miller's Block, corner of Scranton
avenue and Auburn street.

COURT KING OF THE GERMANS.

This royally named organization (No. 6264) was
formed in 1876, and now has a membership of sixty-
two. The officers are Henry Park, C. R. ; Christian
Bahl, S. C. R.; Henry Dauber, T.; Wm. Fleck, T.
and C. S.; Rudolph Schmidt, R. S.; Esau Kopper-
man, S. W. ; Herman Wagner, J. W. Regular meet-
ings are held each alternate Monday at the corner of
Erie and Ohio streets.

COURT WOODLAND.

Court No. 6286, A.O.F., was organized March 20,
1877, with the following officers: Wm. K. Smith, C.

FORESTERS, KNIGHTS OE HONOR AND CLUBS.

295

R. ; Henry Hamley, S.C.R. ; Henry Goldsmith, S.;
Hiram Hatch, A.S. ; John Wooldridge, T. ; Thomas
Cannell, S.W.; Frank Genoa, J.W.; L. W. Sherman,
S.B.; Ernst H. Heuser, J. B.

Officers are elected on the first of January and July
of each year. The past chief rangers are William K.
Smith, Henry Hamley and Thomas Cannell. The
present officers are Henry Goldsmith, C.R.; Henry
Williams, S.C.R.; Robert F. Lojauke, S.; Robert J.
Avard, A.S.; Samuel Glass, T.; John Hudson, S.W.;
Julius Burton, J.W.; Otto Vogts, S.B.; Jacob Good-
year, J.B. Court Woodland numbers seventy-five
members. Regular meetings are held each Tuesday
evening, in Goldsmith's Block, No. 800 Woodland
avenue.

COUKT usrioN.

This society (No. 6390), was organized December 6,
1876, with the following as first elected officers : P. E.
Thompsom, C.R.; C. Winters, S.C.R.; P. McCrack-
en, S.; John V^ahraus, T.; Frank Cady, S.W.; E.
Cattle, J.W.; Jos. Gregory, S.B.; L. D. Curtis, J.

B. Court meetings are held each Wednesday even-
ing, at No. 750 Broadway. Officers are elected semi-
annually.

The present officers are as follows: Joseph Gregory,
O.R.; Christ. Boldt, S.C.R.; L. D. Lord, S.; L. D.
Curtis, A.S.; L. Eothenbergh, T.; J. A. Duncan,
S.W.; Wm. Roehrer, J. W.; L L. Drucker, S.B.;
George Franck, J.B. The present number of mem-
bers is eighty.

OOFBT ZABOT (BOHEMIAN).

This association (No. 6348) of men from the very
center of Europe was organized in 1877. Its mem-
bership is now sixty, and its officers are Anton Peck,

C. E.; Prank Mack, T.; Joseph Mallya, S.; Frank
Paier, R. S.; Frank Petrae, S. W.; Prank Protiva, J.
W. ; Anton Weverka, S. B.; Prank Doorak, J. B.
Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth
Thursdays of each month, at No. 1480 Forest street.

COURT ROWANOPROWJS'OST (BOHEMIAN).

Court No. 6350 was instituted October 2, 1877,
with thirty members, a number which has since in-
creased. The officers are Joseph Lenek, C. R. ; Jacob
Bacvar, T.; Frank Lenek, S.; John Prussek, S. B.;
Frank Smesek, J. B. ; James Wirthaver, R. S. ; Chas.
Gustav, S. W. ; John Wesley, J. W.

Besides the courts mentioned above there are also
Sherwood Forest, No. 5786; Forest City, 6265, and
Jan Hub, 6394.

CENTENNIAL LODGE (KNIGHTS OF HONOR).

Centennial No. 213, was organized in 1876, with
ten charter members. In August, 1879, the number
had increased to seventy-five. The officers are W. L.
Roberts, D.; F. E. Bunney, V. D.; Jas. Shackleton,
A. D. ; Thos. Vickers, C. ; Chas. Hanford, G. ; A. R.
Bunney, R.; L. D. Joy, P. R; E. S. Austin, T.; P.

D. McCuaig, G.; F. H. Roberts, S. Meetings are
held every Tuesday evening at the corner of Fairfield
street and Merchant avenue.

ADVANCE LODGE (K. OF H.),

instituted in 1876, with but ten charter members.
Advance Lodge, No. 223, has now, August, 1879,
attained a membership of one hundred and eight.
The officers are P. L. Mills, P. D. ; A. W. Gibbons,
D.; Chas. White, V. D.; H. G. Brown, A. D.; B.
M. Davidson, C. ; Wm. Hoen, G. ; C. W. Burgess, R. ;
H. Greer, P. R. ; Reuben Strauss, T. ; W. B. Pratt,
G. ; W. B. Rich, S. The lodge meets evei-y Wednes-
day evening at No. 182 Ontario street.

CLEVELAND LODGE (K. OP H.)

Cleveland Lodge No. 938, was formed March 8,
1878, with the following officers: S. P. Mount, past
dictator; W. H. King, dictator; Lewis Buffett, vice
dictator; A. H. Quinn, assistant dictator; George W.
Crossett, reporter; S. H. Johnson, financial reporter.

The present officers are S. P. Mount, dictator; E.
H. Dakin, vice dictator; J. W. Mead, assistant dicta-
tor; George W. Crossett, reporter; S. H. Johnson,
financial reporter; A. H. Quinn, treasurer. The
lodge has a membership of eighty persons, and meets
every Thursday evening at the hall, corner Seovill
avenue and Putnam street.

TRIUMPH LODGE (K. OF H.)

The rapid popularity of this order is shown by the
number of Triumph Lodge (1248), which was organ-
ized November 13, 1878, with thirty-five charter mem-
bers. The past dictators have been G. 0. Spence,
W. B. Scott and John Corrigan. The membership
in August, 1879, was forty-five; the officers being
John Carrigan, P. D. ; T. G. Newton, D. ; John E.
Spencer, V. D. ; Robert Greenhalgh, A. D. ; A. L.
Beswick, R; J. H. Treat, P. R; W. D. Nicholson,
C; J. P. M. Cobb, G.; Jas. Brown, G'n.; G. 0.
Spence, T. ; C. T. Manchester, S. The lodge meets
in Odd Fellows' Hall, West Side.

EUCLID AVENUE LODGE (K. OF H.)

This association assumed organic form as No. 1363
on the 25th of November, 1878, with thirty-five mem-
bers. There are^now forty-one; the officers being as
follows: James W. Clarke, P. D.; W. P. Walworth,
D.; C. B. Hanna, V. D.; P. S. Collins, A. D.; H. H.
Hamlin, R; A. W. Penton, P. R; H. L. Warren,
T.; C. M. Preston, C; E. B. Rawson, G.; R. N.
Denham, G'n.; Julius King, S. Regular meetings
are held on the first and third Wednesdays of each
month at 1928 Euclid avenue.

IDAHO LODGE (K. OF H.)

Idaho (No. 1330) was organized January 13, 1879,
and has now a membership of forty. Regular meet-
ings are held every Monday evening at the corner of
Euclid and Willson avenues. The officers are L. C.

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Burwell, D.; J. K. Curtis, V. D.; E. B. Lane, A. D.;
H. S. Hubbell, P. D.; W. F. Arter, R.; George F-
Lines, P. R.; G. W. Bennett, T.; Clias. IL Fry, G.;
Frederick Carroll, G'n.; H. W. Stager, C.

ECONOMY LODGE (K. OF H. )

The youngest association (No. 15U) of Knights of
Honor in Cleveland, of which we give a record, was
organized March 31, 1879, with forty charter mem-
bers. The membership is now thirty-eight, and the
officers are F. K. Reid, D.; W. E. Hoggins. V. D.;
A. S. Gates, P. D.; Frank Blakeslee, A. D.; L. F.
Ball, R.; J. H. Davis, F. R.; William P. Braund, T.;
Daniel Kelley, C. ;' H. McKenzie, G.; H. M. Patter-
son, G"n.; George Maskell, S. Regular meetings are
held every Monday evening at 2603 Broadway.

MISCELLANEOUS LODGES, ETC.

In addition to the numerous secret orders which
have been mentioned at some length, there are many
others of multifarious character, and these consist in
brief of seven lodges F. and A. M., composed of col-
ored men; two lodges of the Rebekah Degree, I. 0.
0. F. ; two colored lodges G. U. 0. 0. F. ; one lodge
of the Ruth Degree; Court Centennial No. 1 and
Court Light of the West No. 2, juvenile branch A.

0. F. ; two sanctuaries of the Ancient Order of Shep-
herds; twenty-three courts of the Independent Order
of Foresters; four courts of the Miriam Degree, I. 0.
F. ; nine lodges of A. 0. U. W. ; three councils of the
Royal Arcanum; seven tribes of the I. 0. R. M. ; five
lodges A. 0. G. F. ; four lodges D. 0. H. ; bwo lodges

1. 0. B. B. ; three groves of Druids; five lodges K. S.
B. ; four lodges Free Sons of Israel: one lodge Daugh-
ters of Israel; three lodges of the Loyal Orange In-
stitution; two councils of the Sovereigns of Industry;
seven divisions of Sons of Temperance; four lodges of
Good Templars and one lodge of Temple of Honor
besides a great number of trades-unions, building
associations, literary societies, etc., etc.

EXCELSIOR CLUB.

This association, designed to promote social inter-
course and mental advancement, was organized No-
vember 14, 1842, with the following officers: S. Aus-
ti-ian, president; A. Weiner, vice president; B. Lan-
dau, secretary; J. Sloss, treasurer; Dr. J. Horwitz,
F. Strauss and Me^er Weil, directors. In 1877, the
club moved from their former rooms on Ontario
street to the apartments especially arranged for the
members on the corner of Woodland avenue and Erie
street. These rooms occupy the second and third
floors of the entire building. The successive presi-
dents have been S. Austrian, A. Weiner, B. Landau
J. Sloss. The present membership numbers ninety-
five. The officers are as follows: J. Sloss, president;
M. M. Heller, vice president; L. Janowitz, Rec. Sec;
D. Klein, Fin. Sec. ; L. Blake, treasurer; M. Weil, J.
Rohrheimer, I. Joseph and S. Newmark, directors.

UNION CLUB.

The Union Club of Cleveland was organized at a
meeting held on the 35th day of September, 1872, by
the following named persons: William J. Boardman,
C. H. Bray ton, C. B. Pettingill, Henry B. Payne, W.
H. Waite, Lucien Hills, Waldemar Otis, William
Bingham, Samuel L. Mather, Harvey H. Brown, G.
S. Wheaton, Gustav C. B. Weber, George Westlake,
Amos Townsend and George E. Armstrong. These
gentlemen united in forming an incorporation organ-
ized for "physical training and education." William
Bingham was elected chairman; S. L. Mather, Wm.
J. Boardman, H. B. Payne, William Bingham, Amos
Townsend, G. C. E. Weber, George H. Valliant,
Alex. Gunn and C. B. Pettingill, directors; and Wal-
demar Otis, secretary; to retain oflBce until a regular
election should be held. The capital stock of the
corporation was fixed at ninety thousand dollars, di-
vided into one hundred and fifty shares of six hundred
dollars each.

The club purchased, at a cost of sixty thousand dol-
lars, the property No. 41 7 Euclid avenue, which it
now occupies. At the first election of officers in Jan-
uary, 1873, William Bingham was elected president;
H. B. Payne, first vice president; W. J. Boardman,
second vice president; C. P. Leland, secretary; Wal-
demar Otis, corresponding secretary; and George E.
Armstrong, treasurer. The successive presidents
since January, 1873, with their terms of service, have
been as follows: William Bingham from September
35, 1872, to January 1, 1875; H. B. Payne, 1875 and
1876; Amos Townsend, 1877 and 1878.

At the annual election in January, 1879, Samuel
L. Mather was elected president; Oscar A. Childs,
first vice president; Marcus A. Hanna, second vice
president; Samuel Briggs, secretary; C. H. Bulkley,
treasurer; William Bingham, H. B. Payne, W. J.
Boardman, James Barnett, J. B. Henry, W. H. Com-
ing, W. H. McCurdy, John Todd, George W. Chapin,'
W. J. McKinnie, R. C. Parsons and George H. Stone,
directors; R. H. Winslow, Alex. Gunn, S. 0. Gris-
wold, literary committee; John Shelley, M. P. Stone,
and Hubbard Cooke, house committee.

ECLECTIC CLUB.

The organization of the Eclectic Club was effected
August 26, 1875, having five charter members, and a
capital stock of five thousand dollars. This stock
was divided into shares of fifty dollars each, and the
arrangements are such that any person becoming a
member of the club is entitled to a single share of the
stock. The first officers of the club were Waldemar
Otis, president; E. H. Foster, vice president; J. D.
Kctchum, secretary; M. H. Dodge, treasurer. Rooms
in the Arlington Block were occupied until December,
1877, at which time the directors leased the elegant
building. No. 377 Euclid avenue. The entire edifice
has been ornamented and furnished at an expense of
about six thousand dollars. Mr. Otis held the office
of president until 1879. The present membership is

BOAEB OP TRADE, BANKS, ETC.

29')'

nearly one hundred. The present oiScers are as fol-
lows: Thomas Walton, president; G. P. Hower, vice
president; C. A. Uhl, recording secretary; P. H.
Streiby, corresponding secretary; J. D. Ketchum,
treasurer; W. L. Otis, Waldemar Otis, William Mor-
gan, M. M. Hobart and Charles Goi-don, directors;
Thomas Walton, W. L. Otis, M. M. Hobart, house
committee.

The other principal clubs of the city, organized for
various purposes are as follows: Central Eepublican
Club; Jefferson Club; Cleveland Club; Cleveland
Chess Club; German Casino Club; Hones' Point
Hunting and Pishing Club; Owl Club; Progress
Club. Besides these there are numerous social dra-
matic and literary societies, among the most promi-
nent of which are the following: Cleveland Literary
Union; Edgeworth Club; Iron Ward Dramatic Club;
Star Turnverin; The Lethe Dramatic Club; Social
Turnveriu; I. U. I. P. Literary and Dramatic Club;
Germania Turnverin; Cleveland Social Circle; Irish
Literary and Benevolent Society; St. Anthony's
Young Men's Society; St. Columbia Literary and De-
bating Society; St. Mary's Altar Society.

CHAPTER LX.

BOAKD OF TBADE, BANKS. ETC.

Board of Trade— Cleaiing House Association— National City Bank-
Merchants' National Bank — Commercial National Bank — Society for
Savings — First National Bank — Second National Bank— Ohio National
Bank— Citizens' Saving and Loan Association- People's Saving and
Loan Association^^South Cleveland Banking Company.

BOAKD OF TRADE.

The necessity for an organization of this nature
was felt and discussed as early as the year 1847. A
general impression has existed that an organization
was effected that year; this, however, is a mistake, as
the board was not formed until July, 1848. All the
records of the board from the time of its organiza-
tion to 1864 have been lost or destroyed, and it was
only by consulting the files of city papers and taxing
the recollection of jjersons connected with the early
days of the board, that the facts regarding the organi-
zation have been obtained. From the Herald, July
8, 1848, the following extract is taken: "At a large
meeting of the merchants of this city held, pursuant
to a notice, at the Weddell House on Friday evening,
the 7th inst., William Milford, Esq., was called to
the chair, and S. S. Coe appointed secretary. After
a statement from the chair of the object of the meet-
ing, on motion of Joseph L. Weatlierly: Resolved,
That the merchants of this city now organize them-
selves into an association to be called the Board of
Trade of the City of Cleveland," etc.

The original members, as nearly as can be ascer-
tained, were as follows, viz: Joseph Weatherly, W.
P. Allen, Jr., Chas. W. Coe, R. T. Lyon, John B.
38

Warring, Richard Hilliard, E. M. Fitch, L. M.
Hubby, J. Gillette, William Milford, Philo Cham-
berlain, Stephen Clary, Augustus Handy, S. S. Coe,
Charles Ilickox, Thomas AValton, Sheldon Pease, S.
S. Stone, James Ransom, John E. Lyon, William
Mittelberger, R. K. Winslow, N. C. Winslow, Arthur
Hughes, Eli Morgan, Samuel A. Foote, M. B. Guyles,
M. B. Scott, George Woodward, W. p. Otis, B. P.
Smith, E. N. Parks, J. G. Ransom, Geo. Bradburn,
0. M. Oviatt, John P. Warner. The officers then
elected for the ensuing year were Joseph L. Weath-
erly, president; W. P. Allen, Jr., vice president;
Charles W. Coe, secretary; R. T. Lyon, treasurer.
Mr. Weatherly continued to act as president until
1861, and probably two years longer, but no authen-
tic record or account of his re-election, after that
time, is obtainable. The successive presidents since
1863 have been as follows: S. F. Lester, 1864; Philo
Chamberlain, 1865-6; W. P. Otis, 1867; Geo. W.
Gardner, 18'68; R. T. Lyon, 1869; A. J. Begges,
1870; Thomas Walton, 1871; Charles Hickox, 1873;
B. H. York, 1873; P. H. Morse, 1874; M. B. Clark,
1875; H. Pomerene, 1876; B. A. DeWolf, 1877; D.
Martin, 1878.

At a meeting of the board on the 13th of January,
1863, articles of association were adopted and the
board became a body corporate under the covenants
as follows: "We the undersigned, citizens of the
State of Ohio, and residents of the city of Cleveland,
do hereby associate ourselves together as a board of
trade under the name and title of the 'Board of
Trade of the City of Cleveland,' to be located and
situated in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga,
and State of Ohio, where its business is to be trans-
acted."

The objects of the association are to promote integ-
rity and good faith, just and equitable principles of
business; to discover and correct abuses; to establish
and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to
acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business
statistics and information; to prevent or adjust con-
troversies and misunderstandings which may arise be-
tween persons engaged in trade; and generally to
foster, protect and advance the commercial, mercan-
tile and manufacturing interests of the city.

The first members under the new organization were
twenty in number. The present membership is
about two hundred and twenty-five. Daily meetings
are held at the rooms of the Board in the Atwater
building on Superior street. The annual meeting for
the election of officers takes place during the month
of April.

The present officers of the board are as follows:
Daniel Martin, president; John Tod, William Ed-
wards, George H. Ely, Thomas Kilpatrick, P. A.
Sterling and S. Mann, vice presidents; Theodore
Simmons, secretary and treasurer; 0. G. Kent, S. M.
Strong and James McCrea, committee on arbitration;
James Barnett, George Short, Truman Dunham, E.
P. Myers and W. H. Doan, committee on appeals; R.

208

THE CITY OV CLEVELAND.

T. Lyon, B. H. York, J. E. Spfankle, 0. G. Ilickox
and A. Weiner, committee on inspection.

CLEVELAND CLEARING HOUSE ASSOCIATION.

The constitution of the Cleveland Clearing House
Association was adopted and the society organized oh
the 28th of December, 1858. Its purposes are thus
stated in the constitution. " The object of this as-
sociation shall be to effect at one place, and in the
most economical atid safe manner, the daily exchange
between the several associated banks and bankers; the
maintainance of uniform rates for eastern exchange,
and the regulations of what description of funds shall
be paid and received in the settlement of balances."

The association at the time of its formation, con-
sisted of the following banks and bankers: Commer-
cial Branch Bank, Merchants' Branch Bank, Bank of
Commerce, City Bank, Forest City Bank, Wason,
Everett & Co., H. B. & H. Wick & Co., Whitman,
S.tandart & Co., Payette Brown.

T. P. Handy, president of the Commercial Bank,
was elected president, and W. L. Cutter, assistant
cashier of Merchants' Bank, secretary of the associa-
tion. T. P. Handy, Lemuel Wick, and Payette
Brown, comprised the executive committee.

The settlement of balances may, under the decis-
ion of the association, be paid in current funds or
New York drafts, at the option of the debtor bank.

The following banks and bankers comprise the pres-
ent membership: The Pirst, Second, Commercial,
Merchants, and Ohio National Banks, H. Wick & Co.,
E. B. Hale & Co., Everett, WeddellA Co. and Cham-
berlain, Gorham & Perkins.

T. P. Handy has been president since the associa-
tion was formed. Alfred Wick is the present secre-
tary and treasurer.

NATIONAL CITY BANK.

This bank sprang from the City Bank of Cleveland,
which again had its origin in the Fireman's Insurance
Company, a corporation organized under the laws of
the State, having power to transact a general banking
business without issue of notes. The City Bank of
Cleveland was incorporated May 17, 1845, with au-
thority to carry on business for twenty years. The
capital stock was fixed at $150,000. Elisha Taylor,
Eeuben Sheldon, Stephen Whittaker, C. L. Camp,
Moses Kelley, William Milford, Charles Patrick and
W. T. Smith composed the board of directors; Eeu-
ben Sheldon, being elected president and T. C. Sev-
erance, cashier. In August, 1846, Mr. Sheldon re-
signed the presidency and was succeeded by George
Mygatt, who retained the office until October 4, 1850.
At that time Lemuel Wick was chosen to fill the
president's chair, which he occupied until the charter
expired. The bank closed its business in accordance
with the charter on the 12th of February, 1865.

The National City Bank of Cleveland, a virtual re-
organization of the "City Bank," was incorporated
and organized February 13, 1865, with a capital stock

of $200,000. Its officers were as follows: Lemuel
Wick, president; John F. Whitelaw, cashier; Lemuel
Wick, John F. Whitelaw, Moses Kelley, S. Eanney
and S. Newmark, directors. Mr. Wick remained
president until January 28, 1873, at which time he
was succeeded by W. P. Southworth.

The place of business. No. 115 Superior street, has
been occupied by the Fireman's Insui'anee Company,
the City Bank, and the National City Bank success-
ively, since 1844.

The present officers are W. P. Southworth, presi'
dent; John F. AVhitelaW, cashier; W. P. Southworth,
P. H. Babcock, S. Newmark, C. S. Bissell and John
P. Whitelaw, directors.

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK.

"The Merchants Bank of Cleveland," a branch of
the State Bank of Ohio and commonly called the
Merchants Branch Bank, was organized June 25,
1845, with a capital stock of $100,000, in shares of '
$100 each. P. M. Weddell, Prentis Dow, Harvey
Eice, H. P. Weddell and S. J. Andrews composed
the first board of directors. P. M. Weddell was ap-
pointed president and Prentis Dow, cashier. In
June, 1846, Mr. Weddell resigned. Sherlock J. An-
drews was elected his successor, and served until
May, 1848, when Thomas M. Kelley was elected in
his place.

The Merchants Bank closed its business at the ex-
piration of its ehai-ter in February, 1865. The last
officers were T. P. Handy, president; and W. L. Cut-
ter, cashier.

"The Merchants National Bank of Cleveland,"
-the successor of the Merchants Branch Bank, wiis
formed December 27, 1864, but did not commence
business until February 7, 1865, after the operationg
, of the Branch Bank had ceased. The first board of
directors was composed of Thomas M. Kelley, T. P.
Handy, Melancthon Barnett, William Collins, James
F. Clark, Samuel L. Mather and William Bingham.
T. P. Handy was chosen president, and W. L. Cut-
ter, cashier.

The capital stock declared by the certificate of
association was $500,000, in five thousand shares, of
§100 each. This stock was afterward changed as
follows: July, 1867, it was increased to $600,000,
and in November, 1872, to $1,200,000, with the
privilege of a further increase to $2,000,000. In
October, 1878, it was reduced to $800,000, upon
which amount tlic bank has since operated.

In 1865 this bank was made the United States de-
pository for the receipt of public moneys, and has
remained so ever since. The building occupied by
the bank on the corner of Superior and Bank streets,
was purchased, in 1865, from the old company at a
cost of about $35,000.

T. P. Handy has been president since the incor-
poration of the bank. The present officials are T. P.
Handy, president; E. E. Perkins, cashier; P. C.
Johnson, assistant cashier; T. P. Handy, Melancthon

BOAKD OF TRADE, BANKS, ETC.

299

Barnett, William Bingham, Samuel L. Mather, Oscar
A. Childs, George W. Gardner and E. E. Perkins,
directors.

COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK.

The old Commercial Bank was organized in Sep-
tember, 1846, as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio,
•with a capital stock of one hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars. This stock was divided into fifteen
hundred shares of one hundred dollars each, and
taken as follows: William Neil, two hundred; John
M. Woolsey, two hundred; William A. Otis, three
hundred; N. C. Winslow, fifty; J. Gillett, fifty;
Charles Hickox, fifty; Henry Church, fifty; T. P.
Handy, six hundred. William A. Otis, John M.
Woolsey, Jonathan Gillett, N. C. Winslow and T. P.
Handy composed the board of directors. William A.
Otis was chosen president and T. P. Handy cashier.
The capital stock was increased as follows: October
36, 1847, $12,500; May 30, 1848, $6,200; August 29,
1848, $6,300, making a total of $175,000, at which it
remained until the bank closed its afEairs. The cor-
poration commenced business November 25, 1845, in
a building on Superior street, now occupied by
Chamberlain, Gorham and Perkins. On the 23d of
November, 1858, William A. Otis resigned the posi-
tion of president, and T. P. Handy was chosen in his
place. Dan P. Eells was elected cashier in place of
Mr. Handy. In January, 1862, William A. Otis was
again made president, and retained that position
until the close of the bank.

In January, 1865, the charter having expired, the
liabilities were paid, the assets were divided, and the
business of the bank was brought to an end.

On the 1st of March, 1865, its successor, the Com-
mercial National Bank of Cleveland, was organized,
with a capital stock of six hundred thousand dollars
in shares of one hundred dollars each. The incorpo-
rators were William A. Otis, Amasa Stone, Jr., Levi
Benedict, William J. Boardman, Dudley Baldwin
and Dan P. Eells. Those also comprised the board
of directors. William A. Otis was elected president,
and Dan P. Eells cashier. The business of the bank
was transacted in the old Atwater block at the foot of
Superior street, until the completion of the new
building in 1869, on the corner of Superior and Bank
streets. The building was erected by the Commer-
cial and Second National Bank societies jointl}-, at a
cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, exclu-
sive of two vaults, which cost fifteen thousand dollars
each. On the 30th of January, 1869, the capital
stock was increased $200,000; on the 6th of May,
1872, $200,000, and on the 6th of May, 1873, $250,-
000, making a total capital stock of $1,250,000. Mr.
Otis continued president until his death. May 11,
1868. Dan P. Eells was then chosen president and
Augustus S. Gorham cashier. The accumulated sur-
plus since 1869 amounts to one hundred and sixty-
five thousand dollars. The affairs of the bank are in
an exceedingly prosperous condition, semi-annual

dividends having been paid, without exception, since
the organization.

The present officers are Dan P. Eells, president;
Amasa Stone, vice president; Joseph Colwell, cashier;
David Z. Morton, assistant cashier; Dan P. Eells,
Amasa Stone, William J. Boardman, Charles A. Otis,
Fayette Brown and E. I. Baldwin, directors.

SOCIETY EOK SAVINGS.

The Society for Savings owes its origin to the be-
nevolence of some of the citizens of Cleveland who
were associated in business in the fall and winter of
1848-9. The suggestion first came from Charles J.
Woolson, seconded by W. A. Otis and other promi-
nent citizens. S. H. Mather was requested to take
the necessary steps to procure a charter. The act of
incorporation was passed by the legislature in March,
1849, and the society organized in June following.
The original corporators were W. A. Otis, H. W.
Clark, L. Handerson, J. Lyman, M. L. Hewitt, N.
Brainard, Ralph Cowles, J. H. Gorham, A. Seymour,

D. A. Shepard, James Gardner, J. A. Hairis, J. H.
Bingham, J. A. Briggs, S. H. Mather, J. A- Foot
and C. J. Woolson. The original charter was limited
to thirty years; by subsequent legislation it has been
extended indefinitely.

The presidents of the society have been as follows:
John W. Allen, F. W. Bingham, W. A. Otis, S. J.
Andrews, W. A. Otis and S. Williamson, the present
incumbent. S. H. Mather was first elected secretary,
and J. P. Taintor treasurer. At the end of about two
years Mr. Taintor withdrew. Mr. S. H. Mather was
then elected treasurer, and has held the office to the
present time. The society commenced business Au-
gust, 1849, in the office No. 4, Bank street, (now the
president's room of the Merchant's Bank). In the
fall of 1856 the society removed to Bank street, and
in November, 1867, to its new building on the Park.
At the commencement, the business of the society
was small. Its operations were not very well under-
stood, nor was it justly appreciated. At the end of
three years the deposits were less than $100,000, and
at the end of ten years had only amounted to a little
over $300,000. At that time the society may be con-
sidered as having fully established its reputation for
safety and honorable dealing, and the deposits began
to increase rapidly, so that they now amount to nearly
$8,000,000.

The present officials are as follows: S. Williamson,
president; W. P. Southworth, W. T. Smith, G. A.
Stanley, vice presidents; James Barnett, 0. A.
Brooks, S. C. Brooks, G. W. Calkins, G. C. Dodge,

E. S. Flint, H. R. Hatch, R. R. Herrick, T. H. Lam-
son, C. Hickox, J. F. Holloway, S. H. Mather, E.
P. Morgan, R. P. Myers, N. P. Payne, J. Perkins,
L. Prentiss, W. H. Price, H. S. Whittlesey, D. A.
Shepard, H. Chisholm, A. Hills, 0. A. Otis, M. C.
Younglove, trustees; S. H. Mather, secretary and
treasurer.

300

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

FIKST NATIONAL BANK.

This bank was incorporated during the early part
of 1863 under the name of "The First National
Bank of Cleveland," succeeding the banking house
of S. W. Crittenden & Co. The first meeting of
stockholders was held June 33, 1863, at which time
the following board of directors was chosen: Philo
ScoYill, George Worthington, James Pannell, Benj.
Harrington, S. W. Crittenden, A. J. Spencer. Geo.
Worthington was elected president, William Hewitt,
vice president, and S. W. Crittenden, cashier. The
capital stock was fixed at $125,000, in shares of $100
each. Operations were commenced in July, 1863, at
No. 117 Superior street.

After three months of business, the capital stock
was increased to $300,000, and in July, 1864, was
further increased to $300,000, at which amount it
has since remained.

Mr. Worthington continued as president until his
death in November, 1871. Mr. Hewitt, then vice
president, acted as president until January, 1873,
when he was regularly chosen to the office, which he
held until the time of his death, in August, 1873.
Vice president Philo Scovill succeeded to the pos.tion
and held it until he died, in July, 1875. Gen. James
Barnett performed the duties of chief executive until
the annual meeting in January, 1876. He was then
regularly elected president and has remained so until
the present time.

The building now occupied. No. 137 Superior street,
was leased in September, 1877, and in August, 1878,
was purchased by the directors at a cost of $54,000.

The present officers are as follows: James Barnett,
.James Pannell, Edward Bingham, W. W. Gaines, S.
C. Smith, H. E. Mussey, B. Butts, C. C. Baldwin,
A. J. Spencer, directors; James Barnett, president;
James Pannell, vice president; A. K. Spencer, cash-
ier; P. M. Spencer, assistant cashier.

SECOND NATIONAL BANK.

"The Second National Bank of Cleveland" was
organized May, 1863, being number thirteen of the
United States National banks. The original capital
stock was $600,000, but on the 10th of November,
1869, it was increased by the action of the board of
directors to $1,000,000. Soon after, $400,000 of
this was cancelled and the stock reduced to $600,000,
as originally provided. In January, 1870, an in-
crease was made to $800,000, and in January, 1873,
a further increase to $1,000,000.

The first board of directors was composed of the
following persons: Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade,
Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, George B. Ely and
H. B. Hurlbut. Joseph Perkins was elected presi-
dent; H. B. Hurlbut, cashier; and J. C. Buell, assist-
ant cashier. Mr. Perkins held the position of presi-
dent until January, 1873, at which time Amasa Stone,
Jr., was elected, who served one year. In January,
1874, Hiram Garrettson was chosen president, holding

the office until his death, in May, 1876. Joseph Per-
kins was again elected, and held the position until
May 24, 1877, when he resigned. S. T. Everett be-
came president on the resignation of Mr. Perkins,
and still occupies that position. The association
occupies a portion of the building situated on the
northeast corner of Superior and Water streets, erected
in common by the directors of the Commercial and
Second National banks.

The present officials are Henry Chisholm, S. T.
Everett, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, J. P. Eobison
and J. H. Wade, directors; S. T. Everett, president;
Joseph Perkins, vice president; H. C. Deming, cash-

ier.

OHIO NATIONAL BANK.

The Ohio National Bank was incorporated on the
1st day of January, 1876, with a capital stock of
$600,000, divided into six thousand shares of $100
each. Eobert Ilanua, John McClymonds, Leverett
Olcott, 0. A. Brooks, Ahira Cobb, James Farmer,
John D. Rockefeller, E. P. Morgan and D. A. Shep-
herd comprised the board of directors. Eobert Han-
na was elected president. The association com-
menced business, in the old Atwater building on
Superior street, and remained there until July 1,
1877, when a lease was effected of its present build-
ing. No. 119 Superior street. At a meeting of the
stockholders and directors held April 30, 1877, the
capital stock was reduced to $400,000.

Mr. Hanna was re-elected president at each annual
meeting until the year 1877, when he retired. John
McClymonds was chosen as his successor, and still
occupies that position, performing the duties of cash-
ier in connection with those of president. Herman
S. KaufEman was appointed assistant cashier January
13, 1877. The present officials are as follows: A.
Cobb, James Parmer, E. P. Morgan, D. A. Shep-
herd, T. W. Leek, 0. A. Brooks, John McClymonds,
William S. Jones and A. Bradley, directors; John
McClymonds, president and cashier; Herman S.
Kaufman, assistant cashier.

CITIZENS' SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.

The incorporation of the Citizens' Savings and
Loan Association was consummated the 16th of May,
1868, pursuant to an act of the legislature passed
May 5, 1868, entitled, "An act to enable associations
of persons to raise funds to be used among their
members for building homesteads and for other pur-
poses, to become a body corporate." The incorpora-
tors were H. B. Payne, T. P. Handy, William Hart,
George Worthington, William B. Castle, M. B. Clark,
A. B. Stone, D. A. Dangler, J. M. Coffinberry, E.
M. Peck, Elias Sims, S. Buhrer, P. Chamberlain, J.
C. Buell and P. T. Backus. The first officers were
J. H. Wade, president; T. P. Handy and E. M. Peck,
vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, treasurer; J. H. Wade,
H. B. Payne, George Worthington, P. Chamberlain,
A. B. Stone, E. M. Peck, T. P. Handy, J. P. Robi-

MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS.

301

son, F. T. Backus, D. A. Dangler, George B. Ely,
J. Mueller, J. B. Painter, H. W. Luetkemeyer, F.
W. Pelton, B. R. Beavis, W. B. Castle, C. W. Coe,
Elias Sims, William Hart, J. C. Biiell, William Bing-
ham, L. Alcott, R. Garrettson and S. C. Brooks,
directors. '

The capital stock of the association was fixed at
$1,000,000, divided into two thousand shares of 1500
each. Business was begun on Bank street, but in a
few months the headquarters, of the association were
moved to the Atwater building. In June, 1877, the
location was again changed to 123 Superior street.
The deposit balance of the association at the present
time amounts to over three and one-half million dol-
lars. The present oflBcers are J. H. Wade, president;
W. S. Jones and H. W. Luetkemeyer, vice presidents;
C. W. Lepper, secretary and treasurer.

people's savings and loan association.

This association was organized March 2, 1869. The
incorporators were Daniel P. Rhodes, Elias Sims,
John H. Sargeant, George W. Jones, Josiah Barber.
Daniel P. Rhodes was elected president; John H.
Sargeant, first vice president; John Bousfield, second
vice president; A. L. Withington, secretary and treas-
urer. The capital stock of the association was fixed
at $250,000.

Mr. Rhodes continued to act as president until his
death, in 1875. At the next annual meeting, Jan-
uary 5, 1876, John H. Sargeant was appointed, and
served one year. On the 3d of January, 1877, Hiram
Barrett was elected. The present officers are Hiram
Barrett, president; Charles McNeil and George Warm-
ington, vice presidents; A. L. Withington, secretary
and treasurer; J. H. Sargeant, P. W. Pelton, Nelson
Pnrdy, R. R. Rhodes, Hiram Barnett, Elias Sims,
J. F. Rhodes, Thomas Dixon, Gustavus Schmidt, G.
C. Schenck, J. M. Coffinberry, George H. Warming-
ton, W. B. Guyles, D. 0. Taylor, C. McNeil, N.
Meyef, J. M. Ferris, Belden Seymour, Alfred Kel-
logg, S. N. Nelson and A. L. Withington, directors.
The bank is located at No. 251 Pearl street. The
deposit balance now amounts to $450,000.

SOUTH CLEVELAND BANKING CO.

This is a banking corporation, organized under the
State banking law, in June, 1879, and does business
in that portion of Cleveland known as Newburg. Its
average deposit account is $250,000, and of loans and
discounts $150,000. The officers are Joseph Turney,
president; James Walker, vice president; Wm. H.
Lamprecht, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Turney,
James Walker, E. T. Hamilton, C. P. Jewett and
Wm. H. Lamprecht, trustees.

CHAPTER LXI.

MISCELLANEOUS DBPAETMENTS AND
INSTITUTIONS.

Fire Department — Police Department — Workhouse and House of Cor-
rection— City Infirmary, etc.— The Viaduct— The Breakwater— East
Cleveland Street Railroad — Kinsman Street Railroad- West Side Rail
way— St. Clair Street Railway— Rocky River Railway— Broadway and
Newburg Railwa)-— South Side Railway— Woodland Hills Avenue Rail-
way—Superior Street Railway— Eighteenth Ward Cemetery- Monroe
Street Cemetery— Erie Street Cemetery— North Brooklyn Cemetery—
St. Joseph's and St. John's Cemeteries— Jewish Cemetery— Woodland
Cemetery— St. iMary's Cemetery— Lake View Cemetery- Riverside
Cemetery.

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

The first fire company in the village of Cleveland,
Live Oak, No. 1, of which Captain McCurdy was
foreman, began to run to fires in 1833, but never had
a regular organization.

The first regulai'ly organized volunteer fire company
was Eagle, No. 1, an outgrowth of Live Oak, formed
in 1834; Captain McCurdy being also its foreman.
A department was then organized and directly after-
wards Neptune, No. 2, Phoenix, No. 4, Forest City
Hook and Ladder company. No. 1, and Hope Hose
company, No. 1, were organized. There was a "No.
3 " but it was composed of boys and was not recog-
nized by the department. Cataract, No. 5, was or-
ganized in April, 1836.

In 1848 Chief Engineer Sanford had serious trouble
with the companies, and disbanded all except PhcB-
nix, No. 4. Mr. Sanford soon after retired, and the
department was at once re-organized, comprising
Eagle, No. 1; Forest City, No. 2; Saratoga, No. 3;
Phoenix, No. 4; Cataract, No. 5; Red Jacket, No. 6;
and Forest City Hook and Ladder, No. 1. Neptune,
No. 7, was organized in 1853; and Hope, No. 8, (of
which the present Mayor Herrick was foreman) in
1852. No. 7 began to organize before No. 8, but the
latter completed its formation first.

Upon the annexation of Ohio City, Washington,
No. 1, and Torrent, No. 2, of that place, became re-
spectively Nos. 9 and 10 of the Cleveland department.

Alert Hose company. No. 1, was organized in 1857
and Protection Hose, No. 2, in 1858. In 1863 the
pay department was organized, and in the following
year the volunteer firemen were disbanded. All
the engines of the volunteer department were operated
by hand, yet the work was enthusiastically done, and
much good service was performed. Its successive
chiefs were John R. St. John, J. L. Wetherly, A. S.
Sanford, Milton Spangler, S. S. Lyon, James Ben-
nett, Jabez W. Fitch, William Cowen, James Hill
and Ed. Hart.

As just mentioned, in 1863 the city council set on
foot measures for the re-organization of the depart-
ment as a paid force, and formed from its own mem-

303

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

bers a fire and water committee, composed of J. D.
Palmer, J. J. Benton and AVilliam Meyer, and charged
with the work of reconstruction. The first steamer
was purchased in the summer of 1863, when the first
company of the paid department was formed, with
William Kidd as captain. This steamer was named
the "I. U. Masters," in honor of the then mayor.

During the same year two additional steamers were
obtained, and two additional paid companies were
formed, the captains being, respectively, J. J. Benton
and Barney McGraw.

The volunteer hand engine companies continued to
serve until "February, when they were disbanded, and
the paid department was left to its tinaided efforts.
In July, 1864, a fourth steamer was added, with
Edwin Lewis as captain, and in May, 1865, No. 5,
under Captain James Hovey, still further strength-
ened the department. In June, 1865, the office of
company captain was abolished; the chief, who had
until then acted alone in his ofBce, being furnished
with two assistants.

The first chief of the paid department was James
Craw, who, under his election by the people as chief
of the volunteer fire department, held over until
April, 1864. His successor was James Hill, whose
assistants were John A. Bennett and J. P. McMann.
The present chief is John A. Bennett, (appointed in
1874) his assistants being James Dickinson, H. H.
Rebbeck and Joseph Speddy.

The fire and water committee of the council direct-
ed the affairs of the department until April 39, 1873
when the board of fire commissioners was created by
act of the legislature, under whose control the depart-
ment still remains. The commissioners for 1879 are
William H. Eadcliffe, George Gloyd, H. L. Melton,
Joseph Slaght and AVilliam H. Lutton. The force
includes one hundred and forty-four oflBcer and men.
There are thirteen engine houses, fourteen steamers,
seventy-four horses, four hook and ladder companies,
and twenty hose carriages; the latter carrying con-
stantly upon their reels sixteen thousand nine hun-
dred feet of hose; one iErial ladder and three supply
wagons. Of the fourteen steamers, three are of the
first, seven of the second and four of the third class.
The aggregate value of houses, horses, steamers, ap-
paratus, etc. used by the department was three hun-
dred and eighty-three thousand one hundred and six-
ty-three dollars on the 1st of January, 1879, accord-
ing to the commissioners' report, and according to
tlie same report the running expenses of the depart-
ment were about one hundred and forty thousand
dollars in 1878.

The fire alarm telegraph, organized in 1864, is now
in charge of H. H. Eebbeck, and has two hundred
and thirty miles of wire, with one hundred and
sixty-five alarm boxes. The number of actual fires
in 1878 was two hundred and forty-seven, the esti-
mated loss being $308,000. Since 1864 the fires have
numbered two thousand seven hundred and forty-
five, while the estimated losses were $3,896,054..

POLICE DEPARTMBJSrr.

From 1836 to 1866, the police was under the direc-
tion of a marshal, chosen by the people; the last one
being Jacob W. Schmitt. The board of metropolitan
police was organized in May, 1866; H. M. Chapin be-
ing the first president, and Wm. P. Fogg, James
Barnett, Philo Chamberlain and Nelson Purdy, the
commissioners. The members of the force in 1866
numbered fifty, and the expenditures for that year
were 151,710. '

The department was reorganized in 1868 and a
"board of police" was formed, with John H. Willis-
ton as superintendent. The force in 1868 comprised
eighty-six men, and the expenses were $70,853. Still
another reorganization was effected in 1873, by the
formation of a " board of police commissioners,"
elected by the people. The first commissioners under
this system were John M. Sterling, Jr., J. E. Robin-
son, Geo. Saal and J. C. Schenck. The superinten-
dent was Jacob W. Schmitt who has retained the
position until the present time. The commissioners
for 1879 are J. M. Sterling, Jr., Louis Hau sheer, J.
R. Sprankle and G. W. Short. The force now num-
bers one hundred and forty-two members, and
$139,343 was expended in maintaining it during the
year 1878.

WORKHOUSE AND HOUSE OF OOKRECTIOlf.

Eight acres of ground at the corner of Woodland
and East Madison avenues, are occupied by the city
for a workhouse, house of refuge and house of correc-
tion. The buildings devoted to these uses are exten-
sive, and present on Woodland avenue a handsome
and imposing front. These are all of brick, and cost,
with the laud upon which they stand, upwards of
$340,000.

Cleveland's first workhouse was a small institution,
an adjunct of the city infirmary. The present one
was built in 1870 and occupied in 1871. In 1875, a
prison for women was added; in 1878, store houses
were built, and in 1879 a house of refuge for girls
was erected. The number of prisoners received into the
institution from the time it was opened until August
6, 1879, aggregated eight thousand and sixty; the in-
mates remaining at the latter date numbered two
hundred and fifty-eight.

Under an excellent system of management the
Workhouse has become substantially self-supporting,
while as a reformatory it has long since established
its claim to a very high position. The manufacture
of brushes is the sole industry pursued there, and at
this occupation each inmate is forced to labor. The
product is very readily sold; the institution, pushed to
its utmost, being unable to keep pace with the de-
mand for its wares. As an evidence of the profit-
able nature of the business of brush-making at the
Workhouse, it may be noted that between January 1,
and August 1, 1879, the receipts for wares exceeded
by $9,000 the aggregate running expenses. This is

MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS.

303

a result which can be equaled by few, if any, similar
institutions in the country.

In fact the Cleveland Workhouse and House of
Correction is a model in almost every respect. This
may undoubtedly be attributed to the fact that since its
foundation, in 1870, its control has been in the hands
of the same board of directors, and the further fact
that political considerations, of whatever nature, have
had no influence in its management. The directors
who were appointed in 1870, and who still serve, are
Harvey Eice, J. H. Wade, Geo. H. Burt, S. C. Brooks
and Wm. Edwards. The superintendent is W. D.
Patterson, who has occupied the position since May,
1873.

THE CITY INFIEMAKT, ETC.

The city infirmary, city hospital and asylum for the
insane are located, all under the same management,
on the "infirmary farm," lying on Scranton ave-
nue, just inside the city limits. The farm, con-
taining eighty acres (all of which are under culbiva-
tion), is worked mainly by the inmates of the infimary,
and produced in 1878 crops valued at four thousand,
six hundred and eighty-nine dollars, all of which
were consumed in the three institutions.

The buildings are substantial brick structures, and
represent, with the farm, an investment of $164,000.
Three hundred and twenty-six persons were admitted
in 1878, during which year the cost of maintaining the
infirmary was $16,514.37. The inmates, on the first
of July, 1879, numbered two hundred and fifty-two,
of which one hundred and thirty-nine were males.
The directors of the infirmary are George KeifEer,
John Gill and Wm. Cubbin, and the superintendent,
James Christian.

THE VIADUCT.

This great structure, which spans not only the
channel but the valley of the Cuyahoga, bringing the
east and the west sides of the city into easy connec-
tion with each other, is now considered one of the
great institutions of Cleveland, and every visitor is
expected to traverse its long and lofty course, and to
admire the solidity of its construction, and the stateli-
ness of its proportions. It is indeed well worthy of
admiration.

Work was begun upon the structure in question in
the fall of 1874, and it was opened for traflic on the
39th of December, 1878. The cost, including the right
of way, was $2,170,000, to pay which the city issued
bonds for $1,000,000, payable in twenty years, and for
$1,170,000, payable in thirty years. The length of
the viaduct, from the corner of Water and Superior
streets to the intersection of Pearl and Detroit streets
is three thousand two hundred and eleven feet, or
nearly five-eighths of a mile. Exclusive of the draw-
bridge, the width is sixty-four feet; the roadway being
forty-two and the sidewalks each eleven feet wide.
The length of the drawbridge is three hundred and
thirty-two feet, and the width forty-six feet. The

hight of the roadway of the drawbridge above low
water mark is seventy feet.

There are ten stone arches on the west side of the
river, of which eight are of eighty-three feet span
each, while two have a span of ninety-seven and a half
feet each. The length of roadway supported by stone
arches is one thousand three hundred and eighty-two
feet, and the average hight of the arches above the
surface of the ground is fifty-four feet; above the pile
foundations, seventy-six feet. The total number of
piles driven to form the foundations of the arches and
river piers is seven thousand two hundred and seventy-
nine, which, if laid lengthwise, would extend over
fifty-two miles.

There are no less than eighty thousand perches
of solid masonry in the structure, while fifteen
thousand five hundred cubic yards of gravel were
employed as filling. The approximate weight resting
on the pile foundations of the ten arches is one hun-
dred and forty thousand tons, while that resting on
the foundations for iron work is estimated at twelve
thousand five hundred tons. The weight of the draw-
bridge, resting upon its turn-table, is five hundred and
twenty tons. That portion of the structure built of
iron, including the drawbridge, is nine hundred and
thirty-two feet in length, and fourteen hundred and
forty tons of iron were used in its construction.

These brief statistics give but a faint idea of the mas-
sive work which unites the two portions of Cleveland,
from which, on the one hand, are seen the far-spread-
ing waters of Lake Brie, on the other the smoking
chimneys of the manufacturing district on "the fiats,"
while beneath it roll the turbid wateisof the winding
Cuyahoga, and over it each moment are passing ve-
hicles of every description, from the groaning freight-
wagon to the lightest phseton. It must be seen to
be appreciated.

THE BKEAKWATEE.

The construction of the original harbor, the build-
ing of which occupied from 1837 to 1840, has been
mentioned in the general sketch of the city. Con-
siderable sums were expended on it from time to time,
in repairs and improvements, but no movement was
made looking toward the construction of a "harbor of
refuge " at this point until 1870. In that year the
city council adopted resolutions in favor of the con-
struction of such a work by the general government,
and, together with many citizens, petitioned Congress
on the subject. Hon. W. H. Upson, while a member
of the house of representatives, procured an appro-
priation of $3,000 for a survey. The engineers re-
ported the cost of the proposed new "harbor of
refuge " at four million dollars, an amount so large
that the committee on commerce peremptorily re-
fused to recommend its appropriation.

In January, 1873, Hon. E. C. Parsons, then the
representative in congress from the Cleveland district,
introduced another memorial and spoke in its favor,
showmg not only the great necessity for such a work.

304

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

but also convincing congress that it would not cost
the enormous sum previously estimated. He pei'-
suaded that bod}- to authorize a new sur\ey, which
was made in the summer of 1874 under the direction
of Colonel Blunt, of the United States Engineers.
After its completion Colonel Blunt reported two new
plans; one providing for an anchorage of thirty acres
to cost $500,000, and one involving an expenditure of
$1,300,000 in constructing a hai-bor of ninety-two
acres.

In the spring of 1875 congress appropriated $50,000
to begin the work, and referred the subject of its size
and form to a board of engineers. These met in
Cleveland in April and June, 1875, and reported in
favor of the construction of a harbor of two hundred
acres, at an estimated cost of $1,800,000. This was
adopted, though it is now believed that at present
prices the work can be completed for less money. It
was begun in the fall of 1875, and about fifteen hun-
dred feet have been completed. Hon. H. B. Payne
secured an appropriation of $50,000 to carry on the
work and Hon. Amos Townsend one of $100,000 for
the same purpose. Large as will be the necessary ex-
penditure, it is believed, by those acquainted witli the
subject that it will be greatly outweighed by the ben-
efits to be derived from it to the immense number of
lake vessels, the burthen of which amounts to a
million tons and the value of the freight carried by
which is estimated at $1,200,000,000 annually.

EAST CLEVELAXD RAILKOAD COMPANY.

This company was organized in 1859, under the
presidency of Henry S. Stevens, and in that year the
road was opened for business from Bank street to
Willson avenue. In 1868 the extension to Lake View
Cemetery was completed, and in 1868 the line on
Garden and Ohio streets was set in operation. The
company has now a capital of $300,000, and operates
fourteen miles of single track. A. Everett is the
president; H. A. Everett, secretary and treasurer;
and T. F. Frobisher, road superintendent.

KINSMAN STREET RAILWAY COMPANY.

The road of this company, extending from Bank
street to the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad crossino-
on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), was built
in 1859 by Henry S. Stevens and E. E. Williams,
who directly thereafter sold it to the Kinsman Street
Eailway Co., incorporated in 1859, with a capital of
$30,000, which was afterwards increased at various
times, and, in 1879, was $500,000. The road is three
miles and three quarters in length, of which upwards
of two and a half miles are covered with a double
track. For the piist two years the road has been
in the hands of a receiver, F. J. Locke. The name
of Kmsman street has been changed since 1859 to
Woodland avenue, but the road retains its old name.

THE WEST SIDE RAILWAY COMPANY.

This was organized in 1863 with a capital of
$80,000; D. P. Khodes being the first president. In

1864 the company opened the rente over Detroit
street to the terminus of Bridge street and the Pearl
street line. In 1879 an additional line over Pearl and
Fulton streets to Lorain street was opened. In addi-
tion to these lines, it operates under lease a road
from Lorain street to Brooklyn, laid out by the
Brooklyn street railway company. The West Side
company operates about nine miles of track, and its
managers contemplate an extension of the Fulton
street line to Gordon avenue. The president is Elias
Sims.

THE ST. CLAIR STREET RAILVTAY CO.

was organized July 30, 1867, as the Superior and St.
Clair Street Eailway Co., and in 1867opened a double
track road from Water street to Willson avenue, a
distance of three miles. G. B. Bowers was the presi-
dent of the company in 1879, and acted also as super-
intendent; W. A. Dutton being secretary and treas-
urer. At Willson avenue this road connects with the
St. Clair Street and Collamer Railroad.

ROCKY RIVER RAILROAD COMPANY.

This company was organized in 1868 with a capi-
tal of $80,000, and built a steam railway line from
Bridge street (West Side) to Rocky river in Rock-
port, a distance of about six miles. Tie president is
Elias Sims.

BROADWAY AND NEWBURG RAILWAY.

When this company was incorporated in 1873, H.
A. Massey was the president and A. E. Jewett, the
superintendent. On Christmas day, 1873, the road
was opened from the city to the company's office on
Broadway, and in September, 1875, the extension to
Newburg was completed. A double track covers the
entire route, which is five and three-quarter miles in
length. The company has a capital of $300,000, and
owns nineteen cars with eighty-six horses. Joseph
Stanley, who is the president, also acts as the super-
intendent. The trustees are Joseph Stanley, Samuel
Andrews, Charles Hathaway, J. W. Sykora, E. Gras-
selli, E. Fowler and William Meyer.

THE SOUTH SIDE RAILVTAY COMPANY.

The South Side Company was organized in 1874.
Their line extends from Superior and Seneca streets
to the corner of Jennings avenue and Professor street,
and then branches out over both those thoroughfares
about three-quarters of a mile. The president is Al-
fred Kellogg; the superintendent, A. M. Emerson.

WOODLAND HILLS AVENUE RAILROAD.

This is a short line of single track reaching from
the intersection of Willson and Woodland avenues,
out Woodland Hills avenue one mile and a half.
The road was built in 1874 by John Rock, who is the
present owner.

THE SUPERIOR STREET RAILWAY COMPANY.

This company was formed in 1875, and in August
of that year the road was opened from Monumental

'y''-^-^^^^ ^.^^^, ^^,-iam ■ -"'''''

/^^^r^^.^C.

MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS.

305

square to Giddings avenue, a distance of two and a
half miles, over the whole of which a double track
was laid. The first president of the company was J.
H. Hardie. The president in 1879 was Charles Hath-
away; the treasurer, J. W. Carson; the superintend-
ent, A, Bartlett. This road connects at Giddings
avenue with a steam line to Euclid, built by the Lake
View, Collamer and Euclid railway company in 1876.

EIGHTEENTH WARD CEMETERY.

This, the oldest of existing city cemeteries, was
laid out as early as 1804 and doubtless before, since
headstones bearing that date are yet to be seen there.
It covers an area of about eight acres, and is abund-
antly supplied with memorials to some of those who
settled in Newburg township when Cleveland was "a.
small town six miles from Newburg." The inter-
ments in this cemetery in 1878 numbered seventy.

MOJ!fROE STREET CEMETERY.

This cemetery is located on the West Side, covers
an area of thirty-two and a half acres, handsomely
laid out, and contains many fine tombs and monu-
ments, of which latter the most costly is that of H.
L. Whitman at the entrance to the grounds. There
is in the cemetery a headstone bearing date Septem-
ber 15, 1820, and recording the death of Adam C.
Taylor, but this stone, with others of about the same
date, was probably transferred from some other burial
place since the best obtainable evidence — the early
records being lost — declares that Monroe Street Ceme-
tery was not laid out until some years after 1830.

The interments in 1878, numbered three hundred
and twenty-seven, and at this time the cemetery
tract is so fully occupied that the acquisition of more
grounds seems imperative. The cemetery has a fine,
stone, arched entrance which cost $4,300; an oflBce
built at an expense of $4,300; and a receiving vault
that cost $3,300.

BRIE STREET CEMETERY.

The Erie Street, or as it was originally called the
City, Cemetery is located on Erie street from which it
derives its name. It was originally laid out in 1836,
and was the successor of the old cemetery on the pre-
sent corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, which
was laid out and occupied in 1798, as related in the
general sketch of the city. It was only two acres in
extent, but by subsequent enlargements has been made
to include ten acres of land. The first burial was in
September, 1837; Minerva M., daughter of Moses and
Mary White, being the person then interred. Prior
to the year 1840, no regular register of the sale of
lots, or of burials, was kept, but at that time the whole'
tract was re-platted and thenceforth a complete record
of the interments was preserved. The greatest number
of burials during any single year was seven hundred
and seven; this was in 1849.

When the City Cemetery was transferred from the
corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, out of the re-

mains lying there about three hundred were removed
to the present location. The aggregate number of
interments in this cemetery is, as near as can be
ascertained, about fourteen thousand; the total num-'
ber of lots, eight hundred and forty-nine. It is owned
and maintained by the city.

NORTH BROOKLYN CEMETERY.

The land of the Brooklyn Cemetery Association
is situated on Scranton avenue, between Wade and
Seymour avenues, and was called ' 'North Brooklyn"
to describe its location in the township of Brooklyn,
before that portion of the township was included
within the city limits.

The association was incorporated in May, 1849,
with the following officers: Martin Kellogg, Dio-
date Clark, Robert C. Selden, John W. Soper, Fran-
cis Branch, Benjamin Beavis and Edward 0. Van
Hosen, trustees; Benjamin Beavis, clerk; Francis
Branch, treasurer. The first interment in the ceme-
tery was that of John Connoek, a native of Eng-
land, aged fifty-two, buried July 33, 1848.

The present officers of the association are D. S.
Brainard, N. Meyer and Alfred Kellogg, trustees;

B. R. Beavis, clerk; Alfred Kellogg, treasurer.

ST. JOSEPH'S AND ST. JOHN'S CEMETERIES.

St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Cemetery, on Wood-
land avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe from N.

C. Baldwin, June 33, 1849. It comprises about six-
teen acres, of which but two were at first used for
burial purposes. This was known as the "old al-
lotment." When filled, or nearly so, Bishop Rappe
bought a second tract a few blocks west of St. Joseph's
cemetery, which is now known as St. John's ceme-
tery. It was bought May 4, 1855, from N. C. Bald-
win, and comprises nine and one-half acres.

During the summer of 1878 Bishop Gilmour had
the iforth and west parts of St. Joseph cemetery
graded and laid out in lots. This part is known as
the "new allotment," and is laid out and platted on
the lawn system. It is the intention of the manage-
ment to follow as closely as possible the plan of Lake
View cemetery, in the marking of graves and beauti-
fying the grounds of the new allotment.

St. Joseph's cemetery was the first place of inter-
ment in Cuyahoga county owned by Roman Catholics.
Among the first to be interred there were J. Brogan,
P. Whelan, J. McCann, J. Lestrange, P. O'Neil, 6.
Hancape, H. Kaiser, H. Detmer, J. Faust, 1 849-53.
Total number of interments from July 1, 1849, to
January 1, 1879, in St. Joseph's and St. John's cem-
eteries, thirteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-
four. Rev. G. F. Houck, manager; P. Roach,
sexton.

JEWISH CEMETERY.

The plat of ground used as the Jewish cemetery
was laid out in the year 1849, one acre in extent, on
Willett street, and, owned by the Israelitish Church

306

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Congregation. This society afterward merged in the
Anshe Chesed congregation, and the cemetery has
since been under the contro^ of that society. The
first interment was that of Morris Marks, who was
buried in the summer of 1840. In 1869 an additional
half acre was purchased, so there are one and one-half
acres of land now within the cemetery limits. There
have been nearly six hundred burials in this cemetery
since it was originally laid out.

WOODLAXD CEIIETEKT.

In 1853 the city purchased of Benjamin F, Butler,
of New York, sixty and one-half acres, on what is
now Woodland avenue, for 813,639.50, and laid out
the present Woodland cemetery, which still retains its
original dimensions; being in form, nearly square.

Since 1853 the interments in Woodland have ag-
gregated about twenty-five thousand. It contains
many handsome and costly monuments, and among
the finest are those erected as memorials to the mem-
bers of the Seventh and Twenty-third Ohio regiments
who fell in the War for the Union — that of the
Seventh having cost $6,000. Among the legion of
graves may be counted two hundred and fifty-seven,
in which sleep as many of Ohio's citizens who were
slain by rebel hands. The imposing stone structure
which adorns the entrance to Woodland was built in
1878. The interments in 1878 numbered seven hun-
dred and twenty-three.

ST. mart's CE3IETEET.

St. Mary's Cemetery, corner of Burton street and
Clark avenue, was purchased by Bishop Kappe and St.
Mary's congregation, from Gerhard Schreiber, April
15, 1861, and comprises about six acres. It is used
exclusively by th6 German and Bohemian Catholic
congregations. West Side. It is under the manage-
ment and control of the pastor of St. Mary's congre-
gation— at present Eev. S. Falk — subject, however, to
the diocesan authorities. Total number of inter-
ments to May 1, 1879, one thousand seven hundred
and fifty-seven. Among the first to be interred were
John Gies, Joseph Freund, Mary Kerik, Ann Wen-
zink, John Berg, Joseph Pfeiffer.

LAKE VIEW CEMETERY.

This handsomely adorned and picturesquely located
city of the dead covers an area of three hundred and
five. acres, and is approached from the city from Eu-
clid avenue. It was laid out in 1869, and is now
elaborately and handsomely improved, with smooth
gravel drives, sweeping lawns, bright parterres of
flowers, lakes, etc., and is, in short, one of the most
beautiful cemeteries in the West. Among the many
handsome monuments to be seen at Lake View, the
one erected upon the lot of Mr. J. H. Wade, and
costing thirteen thousand dollars, is probably the
finest.

The entire cost of the three hundred and five acres
now occupied by the cemetery was $170,495. The

grounds are undulating, some parts having an altitude
of upwards of two hundred feet, and some of these
eminences present views of extraordinary beauty.

The cemetery is owned and controlled by a corpora-
tion known as the Lake View Cemetery Association,
whose officers, in 1879, were Joseph Perkins, presi-
dent; J. H. Wade, rice president; Charles Wilbur,
treasurer and clerk. It is situated in the township
of East Cleveland, but is essentially a city institution,
and is therefore included among the city cemeteries.

RIVERSIDE CEMETERY.

Eiverside, located on the West Side, at the junction
of Columbus street and Scranton avenue, was laid out
in 1876, by an association of lot owners, incorporated
under the name of the Eiverside Cemetery Associa-
tion. A tract of one hundred and two and a half
acres, bordering upon the Cuyahoga river, was pur-
chased for 1102,500, and divided into five thousand
and seventy-two burial lots. Eiverside is as rich in nat-
ural beauty as any of Cleveland's ether cemeteries, be-
ing gracefully dotted with wooded ravines, beautiful
lakes, sightly eminences and expansive lawns. Quot-
ing from the Association prospectus: " The crowning
feature, perhaps, of the entire grounds, albeit it is no
easy task to isolate its beauties one from, the other, is
the ' Grand Avenue,' on the main plateau, leading
from the chapel and receiving tomb along a plane
of a thousand feet, and without a curve, terminated
at the eastern end by a fountain of novel design,
formed of dark polished granite."

A handsome chapel and receiving tomb, erected
in 1876, at a cost of 84,100, stands near the center of
the cemetery, and materially adds to the pleasing ef-
fect of the beautiful surrounding landscape. The
most expensive work of art in Eiverside is an impos-
ing "canopy monument,"' which cost $10,000. It is
the work of the New England Granite Company, of
Hartford, Connecticut, and is owned in common by
Messrs. Thomas and Isaac Lamson and S. W. Sessions.
The interments in Eiverside, from 1876 to August,
1879, numbered . four hundred. The officers of the
Association for 1879 are Josiah Barber, president; S.
W. Sessions, vice president; Alfred Kellogg, treasu-
rer; J. M. Curtiss, clerk and superintendent.

CHAPTEE LXII.

MANTJFACTUKES.

Cuyahoga Steam Fiunace Company — Lake Shore Foundry— Jewett and
Goodman Organ Company — Cleveland Rolling Mill Company— Cleve-
land Paper Company— Novelty Iron Works — Meriam and Morgan
Parafflne Company — Cleveland Foundry — Bourne and Knowles—
Union Steel Screw Company— Grasselli Chemical Works— Taylor &
Boggis' Foundry — Cleveland Spring Company — Cleveland Steam
Gauge Company— White Manufacturing Company— King Iron Bridge
and Manufacturing Company— Otis Iron and Steel Company— Wors-
wick Manufacturing Company.

Although Cleveland did not become a decidedly
manufacturing city until the outbreak of the war, in
1861, yet it had taken some steps in that direction a

MANUFACTURES.

307

long time previously. Of some of the very earliest,
and consequently the smallest, of these manufactures
we have made brief mention in the general sketch of
the city at the beginning of Part II. To the great
industries now in existence we devote the following
pages; arranging the various establishments as nearly
as practicable in the order of their beginning opera-
tions; so that a glance at this chapter will show not
only the origin of various individual enterprises, but
will also give some idea of the manufacturing tenden-
cies and progress of Cleveland. Of course it is imprac-
ticable for us to do more than call attention to the
principal institutions of this class, from which, how-
ever, the reader can at least gain an idea of the enter-
prise which in less than twenty years has changed
Cleveland from an almost purely commercial town to
one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the
country.

CUYAHOGA STEAM FUKKACE COMPANY.

This establishment deserves and holds a prominent
place in the front rank of Cleveland's manufacturing
industries, both by reason of its early origin and
present importance. The name of the corporation is
hardly indicative of the nature of its business, as it
certainly has never had anything to do with the manu-
facture of steam furnaces. The name is supposed to
have been bestowed because, when started, the works
were supplied with a steam engine for "blowing" the
furnaces, whereas other foundries in this part of the
country used horse-power.

At all events, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Com-
pany was incorporated March 3, 1834, and in the fol-
lowing April the company was organized by the
election of Josiah Barber, Richard Lord and Luke
Risley, as directors, and Charles Hoyt, as agent.

The works were located in what was then Ohio
City (now the West Side) at the corner of Detroit and
Center streets, where they remain to this day. Inci-
dental to a general foundry business, the first impor-
tant article of manufacture was a patent horse-power,
which gained considerable notoriety. In 1841 the
company manufactured a large number of cannon for
the general government, and afterwards enlarged its
scope of operations from the manufacture of castings,
plows, mill-irons, etc., to the production of large
machinery.

This new and important departu^ was to a large
extent.effected in 1843, when Ethan Rogers entered
the company's service and undertook the construction
of machinery to be used in the building of railways.
Not long afterwards the company built a locomotive
engine for a newly-constructed railway between De-
troit and Pontiac, in Michigan, and this locomotive,
the first built west of the Alleghenies, after twelve
years of hard work, was in such good condition that
it was sold for very near its cost. At the company's
works were built, also, the locomotives first used on
the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad and

the Cleveland and Ashtabula (now Lake Shore) rail-
road.

Besides the distinction of having built the first lo-
comotive in the west, the company gained also the
additional one of constructing the earliest successful
machinery for a lake screw propeller; the "Emi-
grant " being the vessel supplied with its production.

Progress has ever been the watchword of this cor-
poration, which has maintained an unbroken career
of prosperity since its. foundation in 1834, and the
business of which, from a small venture, has risen to
such proportions that upwards of one hundred and
fifty men are constantly employed in the works. The
company's capital, fixed at $100,000 at the outset,
has remained unchanged. Its productions embrace
steam-engines and machiuery of the largest class for
mills and vessels, and are familiar on all the great
lakes and in all the large manufactories of the West.
Mr. J. F. Holloway (for many years previous con-
nected with the company) was, upon the death of
President W. B. Castle in 1872, chosen president and
business manager, and since that time has discharged
the duties of those offices, while serving, as well, as
designer, engraver and superintendent. The secre-
tary of the company is Mr. Sanford I. Lewis, who
has occupied the place since 1861.

LAKE SHORE BOUiTDRY.

This prominent industry was established in the
year 1850, by Mr. Seizer, and continued under his
management until 1866. S. Merchant then succeeded
to the proprietorship and conducted the business until
1874 when a joint stock company was formed; 0.
M. Burke being president and treasurer; A. M.
Burke, vice president; and 0. E. Burke,, secretary.

The buildings and premises at the foot of Alabama
street consist of two brick foundries, each one hun-
dred feet square, and one two-story machine shop,
forty by two hundred feet in size. The company
manufactures car, bridge and general castings, and
makes a specialty of casting water and gas pipe. The
annual business amounts to nearly half a million
dollars. Near one hundred and sixty men are em-
ployed, to whom, on the average, wages of about $10
per week are paid.

THE JEWETT AND GOODMAN ORGAN COMPANY.

The manufacture of organs in Cleveland was estab-
lished by Child and Bishop, in 1852. In 1860 Jewett
and Goodman purchased the interest of that firm and
continued the business until 1877, at which time a
joint stock company was formed and incorporated
under the style of The Jewett & Goodman Organ
Company, with a capital stock of $60,000. In 1876
the manufactory was removed from Ontario street to
the corner of Rockwell and Bond streets. The offi-
cers of the company are S. A. Jewett, president and
treasurer; C. D. Goodman, vice president; F. C. Goff ,
secretary.

308

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

CLKVELAND EOLLING MILL COMPA]SrY.

Cleveland's most important manufacturing indus-
try, and one of the greatest in the world, is that
located in the eighteenth ward of the citj-, (commonly
known as Xewburg), and operated by the Cleveland
EoUing Mill Company. This company had its origin
in the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., founded at
Newburg by Henry Chisholm in 1857, and engaged
from that year until 1863 in the manufacture of rail-
way and bar iron. In September, 1863, the firm of
Chisholm, Jones & Co., was superseded by a joint
stock corporation, under the same leadership, with
the name above given, and since that time the business
has steadily expanded until it has now reached results
which are almost marvelous.

The works proper cover an area of thirty-two acres;
their products includes Bessemer steel and iron rails
and fastenings, spring steel and wire of all kinds, steel
horse shoes, tire, axles and other forgings, boiler
plate, galvanized and black sheet iron, corrugated
roofing and siding of Siemens-Martin, Bessemer steel
and iron, etc., etc.. The capital of the company is
82,000,000; the number of men emploj-cd averages
four thousand; the yearly pay-roll reaches to more
than two millions of dollars, and the annual con-
sumption of coal is two hundred and fifty thousand
tons. One hundred and fifty teams, besides locomo-
tives, cars, etc.,— all owned by the company — are em-
ployed in the transportation of material between the
various departments of the works; the yearly product
of steel and iron rails aggregates one hundred and
ten thousand tons; that of wire, twenty-one thousand
tons, and that of merchant iron and steel, twenty
thousand tons.

These figures are given in a comprehensive form
to show at a glance the scope of this remarkable in-
dustry, the details of which are, of course, too elabo-
rate to be described in our limited space. The wire-
mills deserve, however, especial mention, for they are
the largest of their kind in this country. All kinds
of steel wire are made, ranging from the coarsest
description known down to that of the fineness of a
Jiair. More than six thousand tons of grain-binding
"wire alone were manufactured in 1879.

The company also operates in Chicago a mill that
yields one hundred and fifty tons of rails daily, and
two blast furnaces, the daily product of which is one
hundred and twenty tons of pig iron. It also owns
all its own mines of ore in the Lake Superior region,
whence its supplies are drawn.

The president of the company is Mr. Henry Chis-
holm, who resides in Cleveland, and the vice president
is Mr. A. B. Stone, of New York, who manages the
business of the corporation in the latter city.

CLETELASD PAPER COMPANY.

The Cleveland Paper Company was regularly in-
corporated on the 1st day of October, 1860, by M. C.
Younglove, John Hoyt, Hiram Griswold, N. W. Tay-
lor and G. TVorthington, stockholders and proprietors.

The capital stock was originally fixed at $100,000, but,
owing to a rapid expansion in the business of the
corporation, was in June, 1867, increased to $300,000.
The factories, five in number, are located as follows:
Two in Cleveland, (one on Broadway and one on For-
est street), and one each in Massillon, Canton, and
Monroe Falls. At these are manufactured all varieties
of paper, and employment is furnished to over three
hundred j^ersons. The principal oflSces and salesroom
occupy the entire four story building at No. 138 St.
Clair street.

The present officers of the company are Ansel Eob-
erts, president; N. W. Taylor, agent; H. S. Whittle-
sey, secretary and treasurer; E. Mill, superintendent
of warehouse;' J. W. Brightman, superintendent of
mills.

XOTELTY IKON WORKS.

This important industry was established in 1860, by
Thomas E. Reeve. The works consist of a machine
and blacksmith shop, in a building ninety by one
hundred and fifty-seven feet in dimensions, located on
the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets. Here are
manufactured iron bridges, buildings, roofs, railroad
frogs and crossings, and general machine work of all
kinds. In these works are employed seventy-five men,
at an average salary of about 113.00 per week.

THE STAXDAED OIL COMPANY.

This extensive corporation had its inception in the
year 1861, in a comparatively small copartnership
business conducted by John D. Eockefeller and Henry
M. Flagler. So rapid was the increase in the manu-
facture of petroleum and the sale of its products that
in January, 1870, a stock company was formed and
incorporated under the name of "Standard Oil Com-
pany," having its principal place of business at Cleve-
land. John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Sam-
uel Andrews, Stephen Y. Harkness and William
Rockefeller, comprised the board of directors and
managers. The capital stock was fixed at $1,000,000
in shares of one hundred dollars each. The ^orks
and property of the company are situated on what is
known as Kingsbury Run, and cover an area of about
one hundred acres. The present oflficers are as fol-
lows: John D. Rockefeller, president; William Rock-
efeller, vice president; Henry M. Flagler, secretary;
0. H. Payne, treasurer; S. Andrews, superintendent;
G. 1. Vail, auditor; L. H. Severance, cashier.

This company does the largest business in its line
—the refining and sale of petroleum— in the world,
and there are few manufacturing establishments of
any kind which surpass it. It has absorbed the
greater part of the product of the Pennsylvania oil
regions, and these when refined are sold throughout
all of the civilized and part of the uncivilized world.

MERIAM AND MORGAN PAKAFFINE COMPANY.

The manufacture of paraflane oil and wax was com-
menced in Cleveland in 1863, by the firm of More-

/JuA-a^^i<yyH^A

''^^Cy

MANUFACTUEES.

309

house and Meriam. In 1865 the firm was changed to
Moorehouse, Meriam & Co., and again in 1869, to
Meriam & Morgan. In 1874 the firm became a body
corporate under the name of the "Meriam and Mor-
gan ParaflBne Company," with a capital stock of
$300,000. The ofiBces and factory are located in a
three story brick building, on the corner of Central
"Way and Ohio street. On the canal, opposite the
main building, is an ice-house having a capacity of
six thousand tons. The company's refinery is located
on the Atlantic and Great Western Kailroad, and cov-
ers seven acres of land. The officers of the company
are E. P. Morgan, president; J. B. Meriam, vice
president and treasurer; William Morgan, superin-
tendent; Herman Erasch, chemist; C. T. Carruth,
secretary.

CLEVELAND FOUNDRY.

This industry, one of the leading enterprises of the
city, was established in the year 1864 by the firm of
Bowler & Maher. In 1870 C. A. Brayton entered the
firm, which has since been known as Bowler, Maher
& Brayton. In connection with the manufacture of
car wheels, the firm also produces all casting pertain-
ing to street railroads, rolling mills and blast furnaces.
At the works, Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 13 Winter street, one
hundred men are employed. The firm now consists
of N. P. Bowler, Thomas Maher and C. A. Brayton.

BOURNE & KNOWLES.

The manufacture of hot and cold pressed nuts,
washers, chain-links and rivets was commenced at the
corner of Elm and Main streets, by the firm of Sher-
man, Damon & Co. in the year 1864. This firm was
composed of David 8. Sherman, Eoger Damon, Jr.,
and E. F. Thayer. On the 16th of October, 1866,
the business was enlarged and the old firm succeeded
by Bourne, Damon & Knowles. Mr. Damon retired
in September, 1871, since which Messrs. Bourne and
Knowles have continued the business. The building
occupied by the firm is a two-story brick, one hundred
and twenty by one hundred and sixty-three in dimen-
sions.

UNION STEEL SCREW COMPANY.

This great establishment was incorporated by Am-
asa Stone, Jr., William Chisholm, Henry Chisholm,
A. B. Stone and H. B. Payne, with a capital stock
of $1,000,000 in shares of $100 each. The business
of the corporation is confined almost entirely to the
manufacture of screws, but in that line is one of the
largest in the country.

GRASSELLI CHEMICAL WORKS.

The manufacture of acids by E. Grasselli, senior
member of the present firm, was commenced at Cin-
cinnati in 1839. The extensive oil interests which
centered in Cleveland induced Mr. Grasselli, in 1866,
to establish works here for the manufacture of chem-
icals of different kinds. The buildings and yards of

the premises, on Broadway and Independence street,
cover over twenty-two acres of ground, and furnish
employment for sixty persons. The firm consists of
E. Grasselli and Caesar A. Grasselli, his son.

TAYLOR & BOGGIS' FOUNDRY.

This enterprise was started on Central Place, in
1866, by the firm of Harvey Taylor & Son. A few
years later the works were removed to their present
location on Central Way, and the firm was changed
to Taylor & Boggis. The works consist of the wood-
pattern, foundry, machine and metal-pattern depart-
ments.

CLEVELAND SPRING COMPANY.

This corporation was organized October 21, 1868,
with a capital stock of 1300,000. The works are sit-
uated at the corner of West Eiver and Winslow streets,
having a front of one hundred and seven feet, and a
depth of three hundred and fifty. The company man-
ufactures steel springs for locomotives, cars, carriages
and wagons. The officers are as follows: E. H.
Bourne, president; Wm. K. Corlett, vice president;
H. M. Knowles, secretary; E. H. Bourne, Wm. K.
Corlett, H. M. Knowles, S. Bourne and John Corlett,
directors.

CLEVELAND STEAM GAUGE COMPANY.

The Cleveland Steam Gauge Company was incor-
porated on the 30th day of April, 1869, with a capital
stock of fifty thousand dollars. The officers and in-
corporators were as follows: D. W. Cross, president;
J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. S. Dodge, secretary
and treasurer; J. E. French, general manager.

This company was organized for the purpose of
manufacturing Holt's patent steam gauges for loco-
motive and stationary engines, spring balances, water
gauges, test pumps and test gauges, syphons, brass
cocks, air and vacuum gauges, Watson's forge and
blower, Emery's universal cotton gin, etc.

The business was established by Mr. Holt in 1867,
and has steadily increased up to this time. The
works of this company are located on West street, in
a building one hundred and twenty-five feet square.
The officers are D. W. Cross, president; J. E. French,
vice president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. S.
Dodge, secretary and treasurer.

WHITE MANUFACTURING COMPANY.

This company was incorporated on the 25th day of
November, 1870, by Thomas H. White, Eollin C.
White, George W. Baker, Henry W. White and
D'Arcy Porter, who formed the association for the
purpose of manufacturing sewing machines and arti-
cles connected with them. The more particular ob-
ject was the manufacture of the " White Sewing Ma-
chine," of which Thomas H. White was the patentee.
The capital stock was fixed at $300,000. In the works
of the Company on Canal street are employed from
five to six hundred persons, at an average salary of

310

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

nearly $75 each per month. The works occupy the fiTe-
story building at Nos. 32 to 36 Canal street; the main
offices and counting room are at Nos. 358 and 360
Euclid avenue. From July, 1876, to the close of
18T7, the company produced from one hundred and
fifty to two hundred machines per day.

The present officers are Thomas H. White, presi-
dent; E. C. White, vice president; S. E. Henderson,
secretary; H. W. White, treasurer; D'Arcy Porter,
superintendent; George W. Baker, assistant superin-
tendent.

THE KIIfG IRON BRIDGE AND MANUFACTURING
COMPANY.

On the 26th day of January, 1871, Zenas King,
Thomas A. Eeeve, A. B. Stone, Charles A. Barnard,
Charles A. Crumb, Dan P. Eells and Henry Chis-
holm associated themselves together for the purpose
of manufacturing bridges and all kinds of machine
work, under the name of " The King Iron Bridge
and Manufacturing Company." The capital stock
was fixed at 1225,000.

In 1858 Zenas King founded the business, with a
capital of $5,000, which was at first confined to the
manufacture of arch and swing bridges. The com-
pany now produces all kinds of truss, combination
and wood bridges, as well as the patent arch. The
works, located at the corner of Wason and Hamilton
streets, cover one hundred and ten thousand square
feet of land. The present officers are Zenas King,
president; James A. King, vice president; Harley B.
Gibbs, secretary; A. H. Porter, engineer.

OTIS IRON AND STEEL COMPANY.

The Otis Iron and Steel Company was formed on
the 13th day of June, 1873, by Charles A. Otis, W.
S. C. Otis, E. B. Thomas, W. S. Streator and Dan
P. Eells. The purpose of the organization was to
engage in the manufacture of iron and steel in all of
its various branches. The capital stock was 8300,000,
in shares of 81,000 each. The Company's works are
located on Lake, near Lawrence street, and the pres-
ent officers are Charles A. Otis, president; Jos. K.
Bole, secretary, S. T. Willman, superintendent.

WORSWICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY.

This company had its origin in the manufacturing
firm of Worswick & Lewis, and was incorporated
October, 11, 1876, the capital stock being 8100,000.
The company manufactures wrought iron pipe, iron
fittings and brass goods for steam, watei- and oil use.
The works, located on the corner of Merwiu and
Center streets, occupy the entire three story building,
ninety by one hundred and thirty feet in size. The
present officers are as follows: J. E. Worswick, pres-
ident; John A. Prindle, vice president; W. F. Brown,
secretary; John F. Taylor, treasurer; J. B. Worswick,
E. Lewis, John A. Prindle, Fayette Brown and H. E.
Prindle, directors.

CHAPTER LXIIL

SCHOOIiS AND IiIBBABIES.*

The First School— Faint Traditions — The First Known School House in
the Village— The Subscription— Sale to the Village — The Academy-
Private Schools— The Free School— The First School System— Pur-
chase of the Academy— New School Houses— Plenty of Readers— Uni-
form Text Books Prescribed— The Seats— Siilaries — Establishment of
High School— Wide Awake Boys— A Three-story School House— Ap-
pointment of a Superintendent — The Old Board- Faithful Members —
Superintendent Freese— Annexation of Ohio City — The Schools there
—The "Branch High School"— The Board of Education— The System
thoroughly established— Annexation of East CleTeland— Consolida-
tion—The New High School— Its Description— Supervising Principals
and the Normal School — The Number of Scholars — Teachers and their
Salaries— Conclusion.

The first school within the territory of the present
city of Cleveland was taught by Miss Sarah Doan,
daughter of Nathaniel Doan of "Doan's Corners," in
what was then known as the Kingsbury neighborhood,
near the present corner of Kinsman street and Woed-
land Hights avenue, about four miles from Monu-
mental Park. Even now it is close to the western
boundary of the city. Though there is no distinct
record, it is safe to say that the school-house was built
of logs as there was no other kind of buildings in this
part of the world.

For several years schools were kept more regularly
in Newburg and the Kingsbury neighborhood than
at Cleveland proper, whence sickness repelled emi-
grants so completely that two or three families was
considei-ed a large population. In fact, we can find
no mention of a school or school house there until
1814. There is a tradition, as Mr. Freese says, in
his "Early History of Cleveland Pubhc Schools,"
that a school was taught about 1802 or 1803, when there
were but fire children, and another that there was one
in 1810, when there were fifty-seven inhabitants, and
when it would surely seem as if there ought to have
been one. It is evident, however, that there were
very few schools previous to the war of 1812, or some
of the reminiscences on record regarding that period
would have mentioned them. The first record of any
school in Cleveland village is of one kept by a Mr. Cap-
man in 1814.

The first school-house in the village, of which there
is any account, was probably built in 1815, as the late
Leonard Case, who came in 1816, mentions it as then
existing (in a manuscript left by him), as does also
Mr. Moses White. The latter describes it as a
little new building, about eighteen feet by twenty-
eight, with a stone chimney, located where the
the Kennard House now stands. It was built by sub-
scription; the following being the. contributors,
with the amounts subscribed by each: T. and L
Kelley, $30; Stephen S. Dudley, 85; Daniel Kelley,
-SIO; T. and D. Miles, 85; w"m. Trimball, 85; J.
Riddall, 85; Walter Bradrock, -S2.50; Levi Johnson,
810; J. Heather, 15; Horace Perry, 810; John A.
Ackley, 85; A. W. Walworth, 85; George Wallace,
85; Jacob Wilkerson, 85; Pliny Mowry, $5; D. 0.
Henderson, 815; David Long, $15; Samuel William-

*Largely from Freese's Early History of the Cleveland Public Schools.

"^^^-X"

SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES.

311

son, $15; Alonzo Carter, 115; John Dixon, $5; N.
H. Merwin, $5; James Root, $5; Joel Nason, $3; Ed-
ward McCarney, $5; George Pease, $5. The total
was 1198. 70, which would build quite a school-house
in those days.

After it was erected, however, it was deemed bes
that the vijlage should owu it, and on the 13 th day of
January, 1817, the trustees voted to return the sub-
scription money to the donors and receive the title to
the school-house. It was not only the school-house
but the meeting-house of the village, being occupied
as such in winter whenever an occasional minister
visited the locality, while the larger but colder court-
house was used for the same purpose in summer.
This was the only temple of education in Cleveland
for several years. The village gave the use of the
house to successive teachers, who then managed the
schools in their own manner, collecting what fees
they could from the parents of the scholars.

In 1831 the citizens of the growing village united
in erecting a two-story brick building, termed the
Cleveland Academy, located on St. Clair street. It
Was finished the next year; the Cleveland Herald of
June 6, 1823, mentioning with pride the convenient
academy of brick, with its handsome spire, and its spa-
cious room in the second sLory for public purposes,
which was then nearly completed. Scarcely were the
lower rooms finished, when, on the 36th of the same
month, a school was opened in it under the Rev. Wm.
McLean. The reverend gentlemen taught reading,
spelling and writing for $1.75 per term; grammar
and geography were included for $3.75 per term,
while if there were any young Clevelanders ambitious
to study Greek, Latin or the higher mathematics,
they or their parents were obliged to disburse $4 per
term to secure them that privilege at the Cleveland
Academy.

The building was about forty-five feet by twenty-
five; the lower story being divided into two school
rooms, while the upper one was employed for church
meetings, lectures, traveling shows, and all the mul-
tifarious uses of a public hall in a frontier village.
At a later date, when Cleveland became more popu-.
lous, the higher department of the school was re-
moved to the upper story. Harvey Rice, Esq., then a
young law student, just from the East, served as prin-
cipal for a short time, beginning in 1834. The acade-
my was kept up until about the time of the incorpor-
ation of the city of Cleveland in 1836, when it was
superseded by the school system then adopted.

As early as 1835 a young ladies' academy was es-
tablished, which advertised to teach reading, writing,
grammar, geography, painting, needlework and em-
broidery.

Meanwhile several private schools for young schol-
ars were maintained at different times. In 1830 an
attempt was made to buy the academy building in be-
half of the corporation but it did not succeed^

In 1833 or '34 a school was established, supported
by charity, and attended by the children of the poor-

est inhabitants. It was called the "Free School,"
and probably received some aid from the village
authorities^ for very soon after the organization of
the city government the council voted to employ a
teacher and assistant to conduct it until a school sys-
tem should be organized. In September following,
R. S. Gazlay, principal of the free school, reported
that two hundred and twenty-nine children had at-
tended it during the preceding three months, at a
cost of one hundred and thirty' one dollars and twelve
cents. On the fifth of the succeeding month the
council appointed the first board of school managers,
consisting of John W. Willey, Anson Haydon and
Daniel Worley.

In March, 1837, the board reported that they had
kept up the "Common Free School" at a cost of
$185. 77 for the winter quarter. They advised a more
liberal allowance for the support of schools, and es-
pecially for the erection of school-houses. The second
board, appointed in 1837, consisted of Samuel Cowles,
Samuel Williamson and Philip Battell.

It was not until July 7, 1837, that any general sys-
tem of public schools was established in Cleveland.
An ordinance was then passed by the council, direct-
ing its school committee to lease suitable buildings
or rooms for school purposes, the expense not to ex-
ceed half the amount which the council was author-
ized to expend annually in building school-houses.
The other half, or so much as might be necessary,
was directed to be used in buying furniture and
apparatus. The board of school managers was also
authorized to establish in the rooms so obtained such
elementary schools as they deemed necessary, to be
kept up four. months from the 34th of July, to
be entirely supported by the city, and therefore to be-
restricted in expenses to the amount of that part of
the city revenue set aside for that purpose.

The board proceeded to organize three school dis-
tricts, in each of which separate schools for boys and
girls were established as soon as possible, under three
male and three female teachers. They were main-
tained a little over four mouths, at an aggregate cost
for tuition of $640.83. During the winter the six
schools were retained, and two more added for small
children. There were eight hundred and forty names
on the rolls, and an average attendance of four hun-
dred and sixty-eight; the cost for that term being
$868.63.

These schools were wholly free, and the authorities
of Cleveland seem to have stepped at once from sub-
stantial indifference (in their public cajpacity) regard-
ing educational matters to a complete adoption of the
free-school system. The income devoted to school
purposes during the year was $3,830, which was suf-
ficient to pay for tuition, rent and fuel.

During the next year the number of schools was
increased to eleven, the average attendance being five
hundred and eighty-eight, as appears by the report of
Silas Belden, Henry Sexton and , Henry H. Dodge,
the managers for that year.

312

TEE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

The old academy was rented two years by the city
for the use of the common schools, and in 1839 was
purchased for «6,000. In the spring of that year,
also, two lots were purchased, on the recommendation
of a committee of which Harvey Rice was chairman,
on each of which was erected a two-story brick school-
house, forty-five feet square, one on Eockwell and one
on Prospect street, each intended to seat two hundred
children. Both were finished in 1840. The one on
Prospect street was lately occupied by the board of
education. These, with the academy building, would
seat comfortably six hundred children, but were com-
pelled for a time to accommodate nearly nine hun-
dred.

Each of these three schools was organized in Decem-
ber, 1840, with a senior and primary gi-ade, and each
of these was subdivided into a boys and girls depart-
ment. The three principals, who were also the teach-
ers respectively of the boys department in the senior
grade were A. X. Gray in the Eockwell street school,
Andrew Freese in the prospect street school, and
George W. Yates in the St. Clair street, or academy,
school. The first had two hundred and seventy
scholars under them; the second two hundred and
seventy-five, and the third two hundred and forty.

Besides these, there were the Bethel school with two
teachers and a hundred and fifty-five scholars; one on
the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, with one
teacher and fifty-five pupils, and one on Chestnut
street with one teacher and fifty-six pupils.

Mr. Freese published a progi-am of the daily ex-
ercises in the Prospect street school in one of the
early years of its existence, which shows a multi-
plicity of " readers," and of classes conformed to them,
which seems almost ludicrous to the modern reader,
though the extra labor and perplexity could not have
been at all amusing to the teachers. The list em-
braces classes in the "English Eeader," "Porter's
Ehetorical Eeader," " Historical Eeader" and "An-
gell's Xo. 2 Eeader"; also in "Smith's Grammar"
and " Kirkham's Grammar." Besides these, Smith's
Arithmetic, Smith's Geography and "Parley's" His-
tory were the principal text books. The only subjects
higher than the ordinary English branches were alge-
bra and natural philosophy; there being one class in
each.

Soon after, the board of school managers prescribed
a uniform list of text books for each grade, but the
teachers could divide the schools into such classes as
they saw fit.

The furniture of the school room was hardly
changed at this time from the most primitive form
ever used; consisting of two lines of long seats extend-
ing around the room, a short distance from the wall,
the rear ones having no backs and the front ones no
fronts. The backs of the front row, with their at-
tached shelves, served as desks for the occupants of
the benches behind. It was not until 1845 that the two-
seated pine desks which are still common in country
schools, came into use; each matching with the other.

and consisting of a seat, a back, a writing desk, and a
book shelf combined. These were really quite an in-
genious and convenient invention.

The salaries of the male principals at this period
were ten dollars per week; those of the female assist-
ants were five dollars per week — a school week then
comprising five and a half days.

Until 1846 no important change took place in the
constitution of the schools, and no new school build-
ings appear to have been erected, though rooms were
rented in various localities to meet the wants of the
growing city. In that year Mayor Hoadley in his in-
augural address recommended the establishment of a
high school, composed of the best scholars of the
common schools. The council adopted 'the recom-
mendation, leased the basement of a church on Pros-
pect street, and made Andrew Freese, principal of the
Prospect-street school, principal of the new academic
department. It went into operation on the 1st of July
1846, with thirty-four pupils; a number increased
during the year to eighty-three.

This "new-fangled " arrangement, however, was
strongly opposed by many of the citizens, who held
that the council had no legal right to establish such a
school, and also that it was unjust and inexpedient to
tax people for the maintainance of higher education.
A warm discussion was the consequence, both in the
council and among the people; but it was settled in
favor of the continuance of the high school. A girl's
department of it was also opened in the spring of
1847.

The school was not a very expensive institution at
that time; the total annual cost for several years be-
ing about nine hundred dollars; of which four hun-
dred constituted the salary of the principal, and two
hundred and fifty that of his sole assistant. Another
assistant was added in 1852. All the higher English
studies were taught there, but the languages were not
yet made a part of the course.

The boys who went to the high school under Mr.
Freese during those early years were an energetic,
restless set, many of whom have since made their
mark in the world, including Senator John P. Jones,
of Xevada, Governor Lucius Fairchild, of Wisconsin,
and several others but little less famous. They were
ready to overcome almost any obstacle. They gave
lectures on chemistry and other subjects, from which
they obtained money to buy philosophical apparatus
for the school. They bought materials, and them-
selves laid up a small brick laboratory; they made
some of the apparatus they desired with their own
hands; they edited and published a monthly called
the School Boy for two or three years, and by their
pluck and perseverance contributed largely toward
breaking down the lingering prejudices against the
high school.

On the opening of the new decade in 1850 the ne-
cessity of more school-room could no longer be denied,
and in 1851 the Brownell-street school-house was
erected; similar in size and form to the Prospect and

SCHOOLS AND LIBEAEIES.

313

Rockwell-street houses already described. When it
was opened for use in January, 1852, under Principal
E. E. White, it was immediately filled to overflowing.
The quandary of the board of managers as to how
relief should be afforded — whether to put on a third
story, erect a new building, or employ some other
means — was settled in a very peculiar manner. A
high wind blew off the roof of the new school-house.
Whether the members of the board looked on this as
a providential decision or not, they at once accepted
it as literally opening the way out of their difficulty,
and directed the addition of a third story before the
roof was replaced. Such was the accidental origin
of the first three-story brick school-house in Cleve-
land. This in time became too small for the con-
stantly increasing number of scholars, and in 1863 it
Vas sold; the school being removed to a newly erected
edifice of ample proportions, on the opposite side of
the street — commonly known as the Bradburn school-
house.

The Brown ell-street school was followed in 1852 by
the Mayflower-street school, which opened in a small
wooden building of two rooms on the corner of Or-
ange and Mayflower streets. Three-fourths of the
children were Bohemians, who could harldy speak a
word of English. The teachers had considerable dif-
ficulty at first, but it is said they eventually learned
their Bohemians to speak English principally by
turning them out to play with the English-speaking
scholars — certainly a very pleasant method of instruc-
tion. The population in that vicinity increased so
rapidly that in 1854 a large three-story brick school-
house, capable of seating five hundred pupils, was
erected. In 1869 it was enlarged to a capacity of a
thousand.

About the time the Brownell and Mayflower-street
schools were set in operation, it was determined to
have something better than a basement for the use of
the high school. A lot was accordingly purchased on
Euclid street, on which in 1851 a cheap wooden
building was erected for temporary use. It was not
vacated, however, until the spring of 1856, when the
large three-story brick structure, sixty feet by ninety,
occupied by the high school until the present year,
was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies.

It was at this period, too, (in 1853) that a superin-
tendent was placed in charge of the schools. Hitherto
the work of supervision had been carried on entirely
by the board of managers, the members of which re-
ceived no pay, and merely spared what time they
could from the various kinds of active private business
in which they were all engaged. George Willey, a
prominent lawyer, and Charles Bradburn, an active
merchant, both began service as managers in 1841, and
both served with few intermissions, until 1859, usu-
ally associated with but one or two others. Both
gave a very large share of their time to the schools,
and they bore a very great part in the work of
strengthening and developing the public school sys-
tem of Cleveland in its infant years. Harvey Kice,

Esq., who was a member of the city council during
much of the same period, was also a very active friend
of the schools.

But the time had come when the amount of super-
vising work to be done made it absolutely essential
that some one should be employed especially to do it.

In May, 1853, R. C. Parsons, Esq., introduced into
the council an ordinance establishing the office of
superintendent of instruction, which was passed on
the 1st of June following. The board of managers
was to fill the office, but the council was to fix the
salary. Andrew Freese, principal of the high school
since its establishment, was at once appointed to the
newly created position. The salary voted him by the
council was three hundred dollars per year. It should
be understood, however, that for awhile he gave only
half his time to the work of supervision, and the
other half to the high school, of which he still re-
mained principal — receiving his old salai'y of $1,000
per year. Afterwards, for a year, he gave five hours
a day to his supervisory work; still retaining his posi-
tion and salary in the high school. At length, how-
ever, it was found necessary for him to concentrate
his whole attention on the work of supervision, and
with considerable difficulty the council was persuaded
to allow him a salary of $1,300 per year. Mr. Freese
held the office eight years, giving to his duties the
most enthusiastic energy and the most unwearying
attention, and stamping his impress deeply upon that
great institution, the public school system of Cleve-
land, with which he was so long connected.

The year after the superintendency was established,
Ohio City was annexed to Cleveland. It then had
two thousand four hundred and thirty-eight children
considered to be of "school age," of whom about
eight hundred were registered in the public schools
and some two hundred were in church or private
schools. The public schools consisted of one on Penn
street with a hundred and ninety-five scholars; one at
the "old Universalist church," with a hundred and
sixty- two; one at a small brick house on Vermont
street, with fifty-four; one at the "Seminary build-
ing," with a hundred and seven; and one at a small
wooden school house on church street, with a hun-
dred and eighty-two. The houses on Penn, Vermont
and Church streets were owned by the city; the
others were leased.

The schools on the West Side were generally un-
graded, though there was a central school in the
" seminary building " for the higher classes. There
were also in process of erection three three-story
brick school houses — one each on Pearl, Hicks and
Kentucky streets — and these were completed at a
cost of 17,000 each in the autumn of 1854, and given
over to the management of the authorities of the
united city. All the schools above mentioned except
the one on Plum street were then transferred to the
new school-houses.

At this time, too, the West Side Central School,
which was merely, a kind of advanced common school.

314

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

was transferred to the upper story of the Kentucky
street school house. The people on the West Side
were desirous that it should be brought to an equality
with the East Side High School. As, however, the
law under which the system of public instruction in
Cleveland was organized provided that there should
be but one central school, the council, with dubious
legality, provided that there should be a branch of
it established on the west side of the river. Though
called the "Branch High School." it was entirely
independent of its competitor on the other side; its
principal being responsible directly to the superin-
tendeut of instruction and the board of managers —
a lesson in deception and evasion of the law hardly
counterbalanced by the increased convenience of
having two high schools instead of one, or bj' saving
the trouble of having the law changed.

The Hudson street (now the Stei-ling) school was
opened in the spring of 1859, in a small wooden
structure which soon became so crowded that a
cheap, detached building was speedily erected, and
this was subsequently supplemented by the addition
of another room. All these were finallv succeeded by
a large, new brick school house, completed in 1868,
and then reputed to be the finest in Ohio.

In 18-59 also, the old " board of managers" was ex-
changed for a ■•'board of education," eonsistino- of
eleven members, elected by the people. The first one
thus chosen consisted of Chas. Bradburn, Allyne
Maynard, Chas. S. Eeese, William H. Stanley, Xathan
P. Payne, W. P. Fogg, Lester Hayes, J. A. Thome,
E. B. Pratt, Daniel P. Rhodes and Geo. E. Vaughan.

We have thus brought down this condensed history
of the public school system of Cleveland to the time
when it had, to a great extent, assumed the form it
has since retained. In 1859, there was a board of
education elected by the people, controlling the
schools ou both sides of the river, a superintendent
intrusted with the immediate management; an East
high school and a West high school where the more ad-
vanced branches, incladingthelanguages, were taught,
and finally a number of graded common schools,
under male principals and female assistants, which,
by a pedantic imitation of the name of an altogether
different thing, then began to be called " grammar
schools."* Moreover, music and drawing had both
been introduced into the schools several years before
but were temporarily suspended at that period, on ac-
count of the "hard times" induced by the financial
crisis of 1857.

Since that time the change has been one of devel-

*Tlie appellation ot "grammar school" was givea to an institution
in England and New England, above the grade of a prlmarj- school, in
which grammar was the principal subject taught. As soon as a boy
was at aU advanced in his EngUsh grammar he was put into Latin gra m -
mar, and everything else was made subordinate to the study of lan-
guage, or "grammar." It is natural that, in the regions mentioned, the
old name should be retained, but it is provoking that the same name
should have been plagiarized within the last twenty years and appUed
to a new institution, in which grammar is considered of less consequence
than mathematics, and of scarcely more importance than each of sev-
eral other studies.

opment rather than of fundamental characteristics,
though a few additions of considerable consequence
have been made to the system.

During the war for the Union, (in which many of
the graduates of the Cleveland schools engaged, and
some gave up their lives) notwithstanding the heavy
drain upon^ the resources of the people, the school
system was maintained at a high grade, and expanded
rapidly in harmony with the constant growth of the
city.

In 1867 the village of East Cleveland was annexed
to the city of Cleveland. The former had a school
system of its own, with a high school, which it was
agreed should be retained until half the councilmen
from the annexed district should vote for its abolition.
In accordance with this agreement three high schools
were maintained in Cleveland for over eleven years.
Eight years later Xewburg was annexed, and it too,
had a high school, which became a part of- the Cleve-
land system.

^Meanwhile the needs of the Central high school
were rapidly outgrowing the accommodations of the
building in which it had been domiciled. It was
deemed best, instead of increasing its size or building
a new one in the same locality, for the use of the same
district, to erect one of ample size near the centre of
the whole district east of the river. The consent of
" half" the councilmen from the old territory of East
Cleveland having been obtained, a resolution to that
effect was unanimously adopted by the council on the
2d day of April, 1877. The work was completed in
less than a year and a half, the new building being
dedicated on tho 3d day of December, 1878.

The point selected was on the west side of Willson
avenue (the old line between Cleveland and East
Cleveland) near Cedar avenue, an open, healthful,
central and most desirable location, although it would
seem as if a larger amount of land should have been
secured, even if it was necessary to put up with a
smaller amount of building.

The general arrangement of the edifice was planned
by Andrew J. Eickoff, superintendent of instruction,
while the architectural design, selected from those of
six competitors, was that of Captain Levi T. Scofield
of Cleveland. The extreme length of the building
is one hundred and sixty-two feet and the extreme
width, including both wings, one hundred and thirty-
eight feet eight inches. The hight from the ground
to the cornice is seventy-two feet four inches, and to
the top of the spire one hundred and sixty-eight feet.

The style of architecture is South German Gothic,
of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while the
material is principally of the various kinds of sand-
stone found in Cuyahoga county and vicinity. There
are twenty-five rooms in the building, of which four-
teen are school rooms, each thirty-seven by thirty,
and sixteen feet high, and one of the others is an as-
sembly room, ninety-four feet by fifty-six, and about
thirty-eight feet high. Great care was also paid to
the subjects of ventilation and heating, and taken al-

SCHOOLS AND LIBRAEIES.

315

together the building may be considered one of the
model school houses of the United States.

In the year 1868 "supervising principals" were
appointed to take the immediate direction of the
teachers in the "grammar" and primary schools.
The city is now divided into two districts, under the
charge of supervising principals; one comprising all
east of Erie street, and of Brownell south of the south
end of Erie, the other embracing all west of that line,
on both sides of the river. This is the most impor-
tant change which has been made since 1860. The
supervising principals do all that principals ordina-
rily do except teach. They assign scholars to classes,
direct the studies and maintain the discipline of the
schools — acting on the reports on the teachers. By
this means the board of education is enabled to em-
ploy ladies as heads of the schools, whose time is em-
ployed principally in teaching. A normal school, for
the sole purpose of training teachers to take charge
of the city schools, was established in 1874. The
system is now very complete" as to organization, and
the schools are well supplied with buildings; so that no
important changes in regard to either are likely to
be made for many years to come.

We close with a brief account of the schools as they
now are. Of the lower grades there are thirty-eight,
with a total registered attendance of twenty-one
thousand seven hundred and twenty-one, according
to the reports of the present year, as yet unpublished,
for which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr.
EickofE, the present superintendent. The number of
.scholars just mentioned is distributed as follows: Bol-
ton school, 384; Brownell, 1,683; Case, 1,333; Char-
ter Oak, 135; Clark, 351; Crawford, 38; Detroit,
818; Dunham, 68; Eagle, 381; Euclid, 316; Eair-
mount, 387; Garden, 337; Gordon, 317; Hicks, 833;
Independence, 40; Kentucky, 934; Kinsman, 157;
Lovejoy, 60; Madison, 153; Marion, 44; Mayflower,
1303; Meyer, 69; North, 630; Orchard, 1483; Outh-
waite, 1834; Quinoy, 134; Ridge, 43; Rockwell, 1,160;
St. Clair, 1,087; South, 161; Sterling, 1,508; Tre-
mont, 1,196; Union Mills, 311; Wade, 973; Walnut,
736; Warren, 773; Woodland, 75; York, 53.

Besides there were sixty-five in the Normal school,
seven hundred and forty-seven in the Central high
school, and two hundred and eleven in the West high
school, making a total in the higher grade schools of
one thousand and twenty, and a grand total of twen-
ty-two thousand seven hundred and forty-one.

To give instruction to this great number of chil-
dren, no less than three hundred and ninety-four
teachers are employed; two in the Normal school;
seventeen in the Central high school, nine in the
West high school, and three hundred and sixty-six in
the grammar and primary schools. It should be un-
derstood that many of these are special teachers, (in
drawing, music and penmanship) who do not give,
and are not paid for giving, their whole time.

The principal salaries paid are as follows: The su-
perintendent receives $3,300 per year; the principal

of the Central high school, $3,400; his first assistant,
$1,600; the principal of the West high school,
$3,000; his first assistant, $1,500; supervising princi-
pals, $"-J,000; principal in German, 11,500; principal
in music, $3,000; principal in drawing, $1,700; prin-
cipal in penmanship, $1,500; principal of the normal
school, $3,100; assistant m normal school, $1,000;
principals of the grammar and primary schools, from
$1,000 to $750; teachers of German, from $700 to
$650; teachers in gramma:; and primary schools, from
$635 to $400, according to grade of service, experience
and merit.

Of all the teachers but thirty-five are males, while
three hundred and fifty-nine are females. The pres-
ent superintendent is Andrew J. Rickoff; the principal
of the Central high school is Z. P. Taylor; of the
West high school, J. H. Shults; of the normal school,
Oliver Arey. The supervising principal of the first
district is H. M. James; that of the second district
is L. W. Day. The superintendents of instruction
since Mr. Freese, who closed his service in 1861, have
been L. M. Oviatt, who served two years; Anson
Smyth (ex-State commissioner of schools) who served
four years, and the present superintendent, who has
been at the head of the department twelve years.
The Normal school was four years under the charge
Alexander Forbes, and one year under that of Elroy
M. Avery (previously, for many years at the head of
the East high school).

We have thus given an outline history (we could
do no more) of one of the very foremost institutions of
Cleveland; one which has contributed very much in-
deed to its past welfare, and upon which it must de-
pend for its future welfare to a still greater extent as
the period of its extraordinary growth necessarily
merges into one of more moderate and steady pros-
perity, as the remarkable facilities for money mak-
ing becomes somewhat less fruitful, and as the peo-
ple naturally address themselves with more earnest
ness toward the deeper problems and higher enjoy-
ments of life.

THE UKSULIN"E ACADEMY.

This institution was organized by Bishop Rappe,
in August, 1850. The first Ursuline Sisters, four in
number, came from Boulogne sur iner, Prance. In
the satae year the property on Euclid avenue was pur-
chased, at a cost of $13,000, since which time many
changes and improvements have been made. The
present Mother Superior has had charge of the acad-
emy since its foundation, with' the exception of two
intermissions of three years each.

The institution was incorporated in August, 1854,
and chartered as a college, with the power to grant
diplomas and confer degrees.

la June, 1874, the corporation purchased thirty-
seven acres of land on the lake shore, in Euclid, upon
which a spacious boarding-school and college is in
course of erection. In the academy the Ursuline
Sisters conduct a day-school. They also teach in sev-

316

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

eral of the female schools attached to the difEerent
Catholic churches throughout the city. Of the
Catholic schools for boys and girls there are no less
than sixteen, viz: Immaculate Conception parish
school, St. John's parochial school, St. Augustine's
school, St. Bridgefs school, St. Columba's academy,
St. Columbkill's school, St. Joseph's school, Church
of the Holy Family school, St. Malachi's school, St.
Mary's school, St. ilary's of the Annunciation
school, St. Patrick's school, St. Peter's school, St.
Prokop's school, St. Stephen's school and St. "Wen-
ceslaus' school. Besides these there is St. Mary's
theological seminary, a flourishing institution for the
instruction of candidates for the priesthood.

THE BROOKS SCHOOL.

A stranger who should chance to be passing the
Ontario Street Tabernacle on an exhibition night,
and should be attracted by the ringing sound of mil-
itary command and the sturdy tramp of time-keep-
ing feet, would perhaps be surprised, on entering the
building, to find all this martial clamor emanating
from a few score of school-boys, many of them mere
children and none having arrived at man's estate.
Yet, as he watched the accuracy of their movements
with the rifle, observed the energy with which they
wheeled their heavy cannon into position, and gazed
admiringly on their muscle-straining exercise with the
saber, he would be compelled to admit that, though
not men, they gave ample promise of being competent
to play well their part when the responsibilities of man-
hood should rest upon them.

Yet the Brooks School, at one of the exhibitions of
which we have supposed the stranger to be present, is
by no means a military institution, but a classical
and English school, whereof martial training is only
an adjunct. Its originator was the late Eev. Fred-
erick Brooks, from whom it takes its name, but he
did not live to carry his design into effect. His un-
finished plans were taken up in 1874, and with such
modifications and improvements as were deemed
necessary, were carried out by Jlr. John S. White, a
graduate of Harvard University, and for three years
a master iu the Boston Public Latin School. His
success has been of the most pronounced character,
not only in securing a numerous attendance, but in
maintaining the best discipline and imparting the
most thorough instruction. An officer of the Ignited
States army is detailed to take charge of the military
instruction of the students.

OTHER PRIVATE SCHOOLS.

There are several otlier excellent private schools in
the city, including the Cleveland Female Seminary, a
boarding and day school for young ladies, established
in 1854, under the auspices of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church; the Cleveland Academy, on Huron street,
a day school for young ladies, founded in 1861; Lo-
gan Avenue Seminary, and several others.

THE CLEVELAND LIBEAKT ASSOCIATIOIf.

This beneficent society traces its ancestry along a
line in which there are several long breaks, to the year
1811, when an attempt was made to establish a small
library by an association of seventeen Olevelanders.
The war of 1812, and the " hard times " which followed
it, soon caused the overthrow of this well meant in-
stitution.

The next effort, of which there is any account, in
the way of intellectual improvement, outside of the
schools, was the Cleveland Forum, established about
1834, which flourished for several years, being de-
voted principally to debates. This, too, finally dis-
appeared. In 1833 a lyceum was formed, which gave
its efforts entirely to debates until 1835, when it estab-
lished a reading room, which was sustained by the
contributions of the citizens. In 1836 the Young
Men's Literary association was organized, which set
itself to work in earnest to form a library. For a time
it met with marked success, collecting more than a
thousand volumes and enlisting much interest. But
as in the case first named so in this one, the financial
disasters of the period blighted its energies, and
although it struggled on until 1843, yet it was never
able to get firmly rooted in the intellectual soil of the
city. In the year last named it was dissolved, and
the books were scattered among the members and
others.

Once more, in 1845, a similar effort was made by
the more enterprising and intellectual young men of
Cleveland, who united under the former name of^
the Y'oung Men's Literary Association, and devoting
themselves principally to the collection of a library.
This time the attempt was suecessf al, and amid the
general prosperity the youthful institution gained a
footing which has only grown firmer with advancing
years.

In 1848 it was legally incorporated, with two hun-
dred shares of stock at $10 each, the name being
changed to the Cleveland Library Association. It
maintained a course of lectures for many years, but
these were subordinate to the library, and their profits,
often netting from 11,000 to S2,000 per year, were
faithfully applied to increase the number of books.

After having for several years occupied a small room
on Superior street, it was removed in 1851 to the Her-
ald building; again, in 1856, to Xo. 221 Superior street,
and finally in 1862 to the " Case building." At this
place it received a perpetual lease of the rooms it still
occupies, from the heirs of Mr. William Case, who had
been a warm friend of the institution, and who was
understood to have designed those rooms for its use
when planning the block. This relieved it from pay-
ing rent, but its resources were still meagre, being
derived principally from membership fees of three
dollars per year and occasional small donations.

In 18T0 the charter of the association was changed
so that, instead of being controlled by annually
elected trustees, it was to be managed by five direc-

THE CLEVELAND BAR.

317

tors for life. Those first chosen were Samuel Wil-
liamson, James Barnett,' H. M. Chapin, William
Bingham and B. A. Stanard. Soon afterwards Mr.
Leonard Case presented the institution with an en-
dowment of 135,000, and in the summer of the Cen-
tennial he astonished the trustees and the city by an
extraordinary act of munificence — nothing less than
the gift to the association of the Case block, in which
the library was located, valued at three hundred thou-
sand dollars, and actually producing an income of
near twenty thousand dollars per year!

This splendid gift has of course placed the associa-
tion out of danger of want, and has enabled the di-
rectors to make large additions to their literary stores.
The dues have been reduced to one dollar per year.
The room occupied by the association has been filled
to its utmost capacity, with over twelve thousand vol-
umes, some of them very rare and valuable works. A
competent force of librarians is employed, and is gen-
erally kept busy in attending to the wants of the pub-
lic. Besides those who loan books, numerous readers
are constantly at the tables examining books and mag-
azines. In short, there is little doubt that the asso-
ciation has entered on a long career of prosperity and
usefulness, which cannot but reflect the highest honor
on its munificent friend. From the fact that it is
located in the Case building, and from the deep im"-
pression made by the gift just mentioned, the institu-
tion is commonly called the Case library, though the
real name remains as before — the Cleveland Library
Association.

THE PUBLIC LIBEAKr.

The Cleveland Public Library was originated in
1853, but did not attain very high standing until 1867
when the law authorized the board of education to
consolidate the old school libraries and to impose a
tax for the support of a single public library. After
being located in various rooms, and leasing perma-
nent quarters for several years in the city hall build-
ing, it has at length been established in a place ad-
mirably suited to its needs. On the removal of the
Central high school, in September, 1878, to the new
structure of Willson avenue, the old high-school
building on Euclid avenue, near Erie street, was
refitted and appropriated for the use of the public
library, the board of education, and other officials of
the schools. The second and third stories are devoted
to the use of the library. It contains twenty-six
thousand volumes, mostly of a popular character, such
as are desirable for circulation among the children of
the schools and the citizens generally. About three
thousand valuable scientific and historical works,
however, have been placed in a room by themselves,
from which they are not allowed to be taken, being
used only for reference. It is intended to add five
thousand volumes annually to the collection, but the
expense of refitting and removing to the new quarters
has prevented its being done during the present year.
The libi'arv is free to all residents of the city, and

strangers who desire to examine works in the build-
ing are most courteously entreated.

THE CLEVELAND LAW LIBRARY.

This institution was founded by the Cleveland Law
Library Association in 1871, and is located in the
court-house. Since its establishment a law has been
passed devoting a part of the fines collected in the
police court to its support, and making it free to all
members of the bar. It is still, however, under the
control of the association. It contains about four
thousand volumes, many of them of great antiquity
and value. *»

THE KIRTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCE.

This institution was founded and incorporated in
the summer of 1869, under the leadership of Dr.
Jared Potter Kirtland, from whom it was named. In
1870 it became a department of the Cleveland Library
Association. Its museum is in the third story of the
Case building. Here may be seen finely mounted
specimens of beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles and insects
from all parts of the country, and some from foreign
lands; nearly all donated by eminent citizens of
Cleveland. Among these benefactors are William
Case, E. K. Winslow, John Pitzpatrick and Dr. Kirt-
land. Though it lacks the popular interest attaching
to the library, yet the museum has many visitors,
and' cannot but exercise a beuefleial influence.

CHAPTER LXIV.

THE CLEVELAND BAK.

Samuel Huntington — AKrad Kelley— Reuben Wood— Samuel Cowles —
Leonard Case — John W. Willey— A Remarkable Coincidence— Four
out of Five still Living— Hard Work— Samuel Starkweather and Sam-
uel Williamson— The admissions of 1835— Thomas Bolton, Moses Kel-
ly, Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson— Outspoken Language-
Franklin T. Backus— Rufus P. Spalding.

As already mentioned, the bar of Cleveland began
its existence with the location at that point of Samuel
Huntington, of Connecticut, in the spring of 180 L
His practice, however, was of infinitesimal quantity,
and it is doubtful whether he had a single case in a
court of record, not because the people were unwilling
to trust him, but because there was no business to be
transacted. Cleveland, east of the Cuyahoga, (the
only portion then settled) being a part of Trumbull
county, it was almost sixty miles in a straight line
through the woods to the county seat at Warren, and
much farther by any practicable route, and the people
were far too poor to seek the more expensive kinds of
legal redress under such difiiculties. Mr. Hunting-
ton may have occasionally tried a case before a justice
of the peace, but that was nearly or quite the sum of
his practice.

He plunged into politics, however, with such zeal
as to occupy his time quite fully, and being, in the
spring of 1803, appointed one of the judges of the

318

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

supreme court of Ohio, he gave up whatever trifling
practice he may have had, to devote himself to his
judicial duties. He removed from the county before
leaving the bench, which he did only to accept the
office of governor from the people, and consequently
his practice in Cleveland, slight as it was, ceased in
1803.

After the removal of Judge Huntington, in 1807,
the bar of Cleveland had not even a nominal existence
for over three years, unless we make an exception in
the case of Stanley Griswold, who, we believe, was a
member of the profession, and who located at " Doan's
Corners" in 1808. He reui^ined, however, but two
years, and had no practice worth mentioning.

The first Clevelander who became a permanent
practitioner was Alfred Kelley, who had the remark-
able experience of being admitted to the bar and
appointed prosecuting attorney on the day he became
twenty-one years old, which was in Xovember, 1810,
a year and a half after Cleveland had been made the
seat of justice of Cuyahoga county, and six months
after that county had been duly organized by the
election and appointment of the necessary officers of
justice.

Even Mr. Kelley's practice was not extensive.
Competition is said to be the life of business, and
certainly it must be not only lonesome but unprofita-
ble for a lawyer to practice law alone. Mr. Kelley
usually acted as prosecuting attorney in the few crim-
inal cases which were tried in this county; his adroit-
ness was frequently tested in suits before justices of
the peace, and occasionally he contested civil actions
in courts of record with counsel resident in other
counties.

Mr. Kelley was a man of unquestioned ability and
great industry, and withal of good personal presence,
whose broad forehead covered an ample brain; whose
thin, firm lips, betokened an unbending will, and
whose clear, blue eye reflected the workings of a can-
did mind. Possessing the entire confidence of his
fellow citizens, he was several times elected to repre-
sent them in the legislature, and in 1823 was ap-
pointed canal commissioner. After the construction
of the canal was begun, in 1825, he devoted himself
entirely to that work, and his subsequent career is
narrated in the sketch of his life, which is published
a little farther on.

The second practitioner came in 1818, a remarkably
tall and slender Yermontei', twenty-six years old, six
feet three or four inches high, with a keen eye, a
sharp face, fair professional knowledge, unbounded
energy and great skill in adapting himself to the
exigencies of frontier law-practice. This was Reuben
Wood, destined to marked prominence as an advocate,
as a judge, and finally as governor of the State. With
two lawyers in the i)lace business began to grow brisk,
and the active young man from the Green Mountains
soon showed himself quite able to compete with his
earlier rival, or with any one else he was likely to meet
in this part of the country. Xot, perhaps, so pro-

foundly versed in old book-law as a barrister of the In-
ner Temple might deem necessary, he had a first-rate
practical knowledge of the law necessary to use before
an Ohio jury, and had all his knowledge and all his
faculties at perfect command during the trial of a
ease. In the increasing prosperity of the village and
county he speedily made his way into a first-rate
practice. His career as a public man is outlined in
the sketch published in this work.

Samuel Cowles, who came about 1819, was an
entirely different type of man. Thoroughly read in
the law, cautious, industrious and reliable, he lacked
the dash of Mr. Wood, and failed to make as rapid
headway either in public life or as a jury lawyer. He,
however, did a large and lucrativ& business; being
one of the safest of counselors, and being implicitly
trusted by numerous eastern clients. " His word was
as good as his bond," say those who knew him, and
in the long run this perfect reliability- of character
produced its natural results in the acquisition of
some of the best kind of business.

Some people were a little disposed to sneer at him
as "Father Cowles," but "Father Cowles" kept on
the even tenor of his way and met with no small
share of success. In 1837 he was appointed a judge
of the court of common pleas, and died while holding
that office.

Leonard Case, a man of somewhat similar type to-
Mr. Cowles, who came to Cleveland in 1816, did not
attempt to practice law until several years later. In
fact, he never did a general business; his legal
knowledge being confined principally to the laws re-
lating to land in the State of Ohio. On this subject
he was unsurpassed and perhaps unequaled, and, as
he was one of the most upright of men, his counsel in
regard to the law of I'eal estate was considered of
great value. As his property increased, however, he
withdrew from the practice of law altogether, attend-
ing only to his land business. His long and benefi-
cent career is elsewhere mentioned in this work.

John W. Willey, a native of Xew Hampshire, and
a graduate of Dartmouth College, came to Cleveland
in 1822, at the age of twenty-five, and speedily ac-
quired a good practice. More feeble in body, his type
of mind was something like that of his competitor,
Mr. Wood — prompt, alert, vigorous, ingenious, fairly
well versed in the law, and extremely well versed in
human nature. These were the qualities most con-
ducive to rapid success, and Messrs. Wood and Wil-
ley wei-e soon noted as good jury lawyers, and for a
time almost monopolized that class of business. Mr.
Willey was also an active politician, served several
years in the legislature, and was finally appointed
president judge of this judicial circuit, and died m
that office in 1841.

The only person who is known to have joined the
Cleveland bar between 1823 and 1826 was Woolsey
Welles, a brother-in law of Alfred Kelley, who was
admitted in 1823, but remained only two or three
years.

TBLE CLEVELAND BAR.

319

But after the canal was begun and the possibilities
of Cleveland began to develop themselves, those who
had previously had control of the legal field were not
long left to its unchallenged occupancy. And now
we come to the most remarkable coincidence we have
met with during our labors as a local historian. In
the year 1836, fifty-three years ago, five young men,
from twenty-one to twenty-six years old, residents of
Cleveland, were admitted to the bar. These were
Horace Foote, William McConnell, Harvey Rice,
John W. Allen and Sherlock J. Andrews. Messrs.
McConnell, Rice and Allen were admitted together
by the circuit court in the summer; Mr. Foote was
also admitted in the summer, though separately from
the others. Mr. Andrews went to Columbus in De-
cember and obtained admission. Of those five young
lawyers, four are now living, and all are residents of
Cleveland. Every one of those who made Cleveland
his permanent home is still living in that city.

Mr. McConnell, who was a' native of Virginia,
practiced only a year or two in Cleveland, then re-
turned to Wheeling, in that State, and served awhile
as a member of the Virginia legislature, but died
there nearly forty years ago. Mr. Foote went to New
England soon after being admittnd, and remained
there until 1836, when he returned to Cleveland,
where he has ever since resided.

That four out of five young men, thus thrown to-
gether, should survive the vicissitudes of American
life until all are nearly eighty years old is very re-
markable indeed; that in this changeful western
world, and especially on the western side of the Al-
leghanies, they sheuld all four, after so long a period,
be residents of the same city in which, then a feeble
village, they resided on their admission to profession-
al life, is something little less than marvelous. More-
over, all the four were natives of New England, and
all have met with marked success in their respective
careers. Two (Messrs. Allen and Andrews) have been
members of congress; Messrs. Andrews and Foote
have been judges, and Mr. Rice was long known as a
prominent citizen and a successful man of business.
Certainly one must needs be tempted to doubt the
prevalent opinion that American life conduces to
break down the health and strength of the people.

Cleveland could now be said to have a bar instead
of only two or three smart practitioners. Mr. Rice
devoted himself more to other labors than tp those of
the legal profession, and Mr. Foote, as has been said,
spent the next ten years at a distance; but Messrs.
Allen and Andrews entered at once into the active
business of their profession. It is more difiicult to
speak of the professional acquirements of these than
of those who have passed away. Mr. Allen's ability
and activity are shown by the fact that in ten years
from the time he was admitted to the bar, and while
only thirty-four years of age, he was elected to a seat
in the national house of representatives. Judge An-
drews' extraordinary powers of labor and endurance
are amply evidenced by his continuance in the active

duties of his profession for fifty-three years, and until
the great age of seventy-eight.

And it was no light labor, even physically, that the
lawyers of fifty years ago had to perform. Only two
or three sessions of the higher courts were held at
Cleveland during the year. Others were held in sur-
rounding counties, and the lawyers frequently had to
travel with the courts from one county to another
to attend to the business of their widely-scattered con-
stituency. In stage-coaches which bounded with
joint-racking severity over the stumps and roots of the
forest roads; in sleighs, in which an ample supply of^
buffalo robes scarcely protected the inmates from
frosted ears and noses; often on horseback, making
their way through mud of unconscionable depth, the
disciples of Blackstoue had no easy road to follow in
their pursuit of fame and fortune. As Cleveland in-
creased in population, business became more concen-
centrated, and for the last thirty years it has only
been on extraordinary occasions that counsel have
been required to go elsewhere to try their cases, and
then the ready railway has deprived the journey of all
its ancient terrors.

After the large crop of enduring young lawyers ad-
mitted in 1826, there were no other admissions of
Clevelanders to the bar until 1831, when there was
one. There was at least one aeeession in the mean-
time, however, that of Samuel Starkweather, who
came in 1827.' He was a native of Rhode Island, and
a graduate of Brown University, in that State. A
man of decided natural ability, he gave himself as
much to politics as to law; was collector of customs
under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren; was elected
mayor of the city in 1844, and was chosen a judge of
the common pleas in 1852, serving five years. In
1832 occurred the first admission of one who had been
bred from extreme youth at Cleveland. This was
Samuel Williamson, who practiced successfully until
1872, (except while county auditor for eight years),
and who was especially skillful in the management of
complicated cases connected with real estate and with
the property of deceased persons.

In 1833 there were two admissions, one of those
admitted being John C. Foote, son of Senator Foote,
of Connecticut, whose resolutions — "Foote's Resolu-
tions " — gave rise to the celebrated debate between
Webster and Hayne. Philip Battell, one of the two
admitted in 18': 4, was a son-in-law of Senator Sey-
mour, of Vermont, an inveterate reader, thoroughly
informed on almost every subject, but not so enam-
ored of labor as to address himself seriously to the
difficult task of making a place for himself among the
hard-working, wide-awake members of the Cleveland
bar. He practiced here but a short time, and then
returned to Vermont.

In 1835 the number of Clevelanders admitted rose
to seven, the list being headed by the name of 6. W.
Lynde, who is still a resident of the city. Flavel W.
Bingham, one of the others then admitted, became
an active practitioner and a most worthy citizen, and

320

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

was long a member of the city council. Seth T.
Hnrd, also one of the admissions of that year, was a
peculiar genius, who had many of the elements of a
popular orator. He became, in fact, more famous as
a stump-speaker than as a lawyer, and after a few
years stay in Cleveland went to Washington, Pennsyl-
vania, where he died. Another of the men of 1835
was John Barr, a well read lawyer and a most excel-
lent man, who was police judge of Cleveland several
years, and who deserves especial mention in a work of
this character on account of the intelligent interest
which he took in the history of Xorthern Ohio, and
the labor which he spent in collecting manuscripts
bearing on that subject. H. L. Hosmer, likewise ad-
mitted in that year, was a student of Hon. J. W. Allen.
He soon went west, where he had an active career.
He was a few years since chief justice of Montana
Territory, and is now a resident of San Francisco,
California.

But the most distinguished of the graduates of that
year was Thomas Bolton, a native of Cayuga county.
New York, and a graduate of Harvard University,
who had arrived at Cleveland the year before, and
who very speedily took high rank both as a sound
lawyer and a brilliant advocate. Such was his ability
and popularity that in four years after his admission
he was elected prosecuting attorney on the Democratic
ticket, although the county usually gave a TVhig ma-
jority of fifteen hundred. A large full-faced man,
with ample forehead, open countenance and frank de-
meanor, his nature corresponded to his appearance,
and his genial disposition attracted as much admira-
tion as his legal ability. Eor many years the firm of
Bolton and Kelly stood in the front rank of the legal
talent of Cleveland. Becoming dissatisfied with the
tendencies of the Democracy Mr. Bolton joined the
then feeble band of free-soilers in 1848, and aided to
organize the Eepublican party in 1855. By them he
was elected judge of the common pleas in ]8o6, and
re-elected in 18C1; retiring finally from the bench and
bar in 1866.

Mr. Bolton's partner, Moses Kelly, a native of
Livingston county. New York, who was admitted two
years later, was also a graduate of Harvard, and was
a man of extraordinary strength of character, whose
stern Scotch-Irish featui-es, surmounting a tall, spare
form, were the refiex of the unbending soul beneath.
Less facile in accommodating himself to circumstances
than is usual with Americans, no one ever doubted
his great ability or his unflinching principle. Elected
to the legislature by the TVhigs, he several times op-
posed with all his might measures supported by his
party, and in nearly every instance the justice and
soundness of his course were demonstrated by subse-
quent events so plainly that those who opposed him
were compelled to admit the propriety of his action.
While they were seeking a poHtic course he worked
from principle, which is itself the highest policy.

Another young firm formed at this period, which
long stood in the very foremost rank of Cleveland

lawyers, was that of Payne & Willson, composed of
Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson. These gen-
tlemen, both natives of Madison county. New York,
and both graduates of Hamilton College in that
county, came to Cleveland in 1833, entered into part-
nership, and for twelve years pursued a professional
career of very remarkable success. For several years
they brought two hundred and fifty cases in the court
of common pleas annually, and defended nearly twice
as many. Mr. Payne retired from the profession in
1845, on account of ill health; a sketch of his life
is given a few pages farther on. Mr. Willson re-
mained in it until 1854, when he was appointed by
President Pierce the first judge of the newly created
Northern District of Ohio. Though a strong Demo-
crat in politics, he was unflinchingly impartial upon
the bench, and upon the outbreak of the rebellion he
did not hesitate to take the most decisive stand in
favor of the maintainance of the government. In a
charge to the grand jury at that period he said:

" Let the motives of the conspirators be what they
may, this open, organized and armed resistance of the
United States is treason, and those engaged in it
justly merit the penalty denounced against traitors.''
In January, 1864, when excitement was running
high in opjjosition to the draft, and many of his col-
leagues were denying its constitutionality. Judge Will-
son delivered a charge clearly showing its accordance
with the Constitution, and the duty of all good citi-
zens to obey the law. Judge Willson died in Xovem-
ber, 1866, respected by men of both parties aod of all
conditions.

Franklin T. Backus, a native of Berkshire county,
Massachusetts, and a graduate of Yale college, was of
a somewhat later period, having been born in 1813
and admitted to the bar from the office of Bolton &
Kelly in 1839. He soon became a pai-tner of Jesse
P. Bishop, and the firm was maintained for fifteen
years. Mr. Backus was a good lawyer and a most
honorable man. His ability was recognized by the
public, and he was twice nominated for judge of the
the supreme court of the State; failing to be elected
only because his party was defeated. Judge Bishop,
his partner, is a native of Vermont but is a graduate
of Western Reserve College at Hudson in this State,
and was one of the very first graduates of that col-
lege— we think the first — to be admitted to the Cleve-
land bar. His success as a lawyer and jurist is well
known.

Any notice of the bar of Cleveland would be in-
complete which did not mention the veteran, Eufus
P. Spalding, who has reached the age of eighty-one
years and is still one of the leading minds of the city.
Born on the Island of Martha's Vineyard in the State
of Massachusetts, he was graduated from Yale college
in 1817 and, after admission to the bar, practiced for
thirty years in Trumbull, Portage and Summit coun-
ties in this State. After three years' service on the
bench of the supreme court, he removed to Cleveland
in 1852, and at once took a leading position at the

THE CLEVELAND BAE.

321

bar of that city. Elected to congress in 1863, he en-
tered that body at the age of sixty-five, and for six
consecutive years performed the duties of a represen-
tative with a faithfulness -which many younger men
might well have emulated, and achieving a reputation
which very few indeed of his colleagues surpassed.
After passing the age of seventy he retired from pub-
lic life but did not abandon his interest in public
affairs, and even yet the voice of the octogenarian
lawyer, judge and congressman is occasionally heard
in favor of the policy he considered to be sound and
the principles he believes to be right.

We have now reached the point where we begin to.
meet the names of those who are still in the active
practice of their profession. In fact, we have already
casually mentioned one or two of the oldest of them,
but have no intention of attempting to settle the rel-
ative merits of the present members of such a very
active and belligerent profession. We subjoin a list
of those residents of Cleveland and the immediate
vicinity who, according to the records of the court,
have been admitted to the bar from 1810 to the pres-
ent time. This does not include accessions from
abroad, who formed a large part of the bar, especially
in the early days, some of whom have been mentioned,
some of whom are still residents here and some of
whom have moved away or died, leaving but a faint
trace behind.

RESIDENTS OF CLEVELAND AND VICINITY ADMITTED

TO THE BAR.

1810— Alfred Kelley.
1823— Woolsey Welles.

1836 — William McConnell, Horace Foote, Harvey Bice, John W. Allen
Sherlock J. Andrews.
1831— Austin C. Penfleld.
1833— John A. Foote, E. H. Thompson.
1834— Philip Battell, Lucius Royce.

1835— Geo. W. Lynde, F. W. Bingham, Seth T. Hurd, G. W. Cochran,
Elijah Bingham, John Barr, Thomas Bolton, H. L. Hosmer.
1836 — Simeon Ford, Lord Sterling, C. L. Russell, Orson St. John.
l&37_Geo. W. Stanley, Moses Kelly, Finlay Strong.
1839_Abram D. Smith, Samuel E. Adams, Franklin T. Baclms.
1840— F. J. Prentiss, C. T. Blakeslee, William Strong, Royal Stewart.
1842— Alvah B. Haight.
1843— John E. Gary.

1844— Chas. L. Fish, Samuel L. Mather, A. G. Lawrence, Jas. A. Cody.
1845— Samuel W. Treat, James Wade, Jr., Nicholas Bartlett, George B.
Merwin.
1846— William F. Giddings, David D. 0. Porter, Samuel W. HoUaday.
1847— R. C. Mcllrath.

1848— James Fitch, Amos Coe, R. B. Dennis.
181»— Chas. W. Noble, Anthony McReynoIds, E. O. Clemens.
1851— Jas. R. Skinner, Henry N. Johnson, B. B. Beavis, Sam'l Ross,
Jas. O. Duffy, A. S. Russell.
1852— Wm. R. Cameron, Maurice Deitze, Edward H. Thayer.
1853— J. S. Stephenson, Jas. H. Paine, C. W. Palmer, Wm. A. Husband.
1854— Merrill Barlow, P. A. GoUier, Wm. Collins, L. C. Thayer, Theo-
dore B. Chase, Louis Ritter, B. H. Fisher, O'Connor B. Duncan, J. M.
Adams, E. C. Kinsman, H. P. Piatt, John W. Heisley.
1855— P. H. Breslin, J. E. Ingeraoll.

1856— Jos. M. Poe, Frederick Hovey, Frederick T. Wallace, Wm. J.
Boardman, N. S. Cozad, Lewis W. Ford, Geo. S. Olapp, J. H. Clapp.
1857— Sam'l Starkweather, Jr., Chas. C. Baldwin, Chas. Arnold.
1858— W. S. Stetson, Felix Nicola, Bli Bruce, Jas. S. Brown.
1859— Augustus Van Buren, Geo. S. Mygatt, Isaac Buckingham, Ira
Bristol, M. A. Woodward, Wm. H. Champion, H. D. Paul, Jos. F. Riddle.
1860-Wm. W. Gushing, Jas. H. Hartness, Wm. N. Eyles, Wm. V.
Tousley, G. S. Wheaton, J. H, Weld, H. S. Camp, D. K. Carter, Jas. R.
Swigart, John Friend, John W. Steele.

1861— Frank H. Kelley, J. C. Hill, J. H. Hardy, J. D. Fisher, J. C. Hale,
A. T. Brinsmade, Geo. S. Benedict, Jas. J. Fowler, Horace Clark, Jas.
A. Clapp, T. S. Gurney, W. H. Burridge, Jas. W. Smith, R. E. Mix, Sid-

ney G. Brock, Wm, W, Hutchinson, Geo. A. Kolbe, H. S. Seamon, John
G. Fay, Jr., E. 0. Preston.

1862— G. N. Tuttle, S. F. GeU, H. C. White, Wm. H. Taylor, Isaac E.
Craig, B. F. Ludlow, Ivory Plaisted, A. G. Quintrell.

1863— J. F. Herrick, Jas. M. Towner, M. G. Watterson, L. A. Russell,
E. D, Stark.

1864— Hosea Townsend, C. W. Noble, J. M. Henderson, J. T. Green, D.
L. Calkins.

1865— Liberty Ware, Albert AUyn.

1866- Wm. H. Gaylord, P. W. Payne, S. E. Williamson, Sam'l M. Eddy.

1867— Isidore Roskoph, Geo. H. Foster, Chas. M. Vorce, Gustav
Schmidt, W. W. Pancrost.

1868-A. R. Mills, C. L. Richmond, C. M. Stone. F. M. Keith, Jr., Wm.
G. Rose.

1869— A. T. Brewer, Arnold Green, G. W. Van Renssalaer, Lucien N.
Gilbert, Geo. T. Chapman.

1870. Frank A. Judd, A. Y. Eaton. R. L. Holden, J. H. Webster, Au-
gustus Zehring. H. W. Payne.

1871. L. A. Willson, Jos. W. Sykora, Wm. Clark, F. H. Bierman,
John T. Weh A. L. Renaoehl, Dan'l Stephan, Geo. A. Groot, E. W. God-
dard. Wm. A. Wilcox, H. W. Canfleld. Sylvester Gardner, Waldemer
Otis, W. K. Smith.

1872. N. M. Flick, Geo. A. Galloway. Marcus E. Cozad, U. H. Birney,
S. M. Stone, O. J. Campbell, J. P. Dowley, John A. Smith F. C. Fadner,
Delos Cook, John W. McGuier, Chas. R. Withicomb, John P. Green.
James Quale, Thos. Ewing Geo. F. Peek.

1873. AVm. H. Sprague, Geo. Schindler, C. C. Lowe, O. C. Pinney.
Geo. D. Hinsdale, F. A. Brand. Wm, E, Sherwood, Wm, E, Adams,
John C. Coffey,

1874. L, M, Schwan, F, A, Beecher, Wm, McRaynolds, E, M, Wilson,
Frank P, Sykora Milo W. Brand, Frank H. Spencer, E. J, Foster. Jas,
B. Eraser, O, G. Getzendanner, S, A. Schwab, Frank Strauss,

1875. C, W, Coates J, W, Ball, F, B, Avery, M, M, Hobart, Wm, B.
Sanders, Robt. T, Morrow, E, J, Blandin, Alex, Hadden, F, R, Mer-
chant, H, L, Robinson. Geo, Solders, E, B, Blickensderfer.

1876— John R, Ranney, L, J, P, Bishop, E. J, Latimer, George C, Dodge,
Jr., A, C, Hord, Thomas H. Graham, E, K. Wilcox, H, P, Bates, Wm, H.
Hawkins, Joseph T, Logue, F, W, Cadwell, J, B, Buxton, L, B, Eager,
Wm, M. Lottridge, T. D. Peck, J, H, Schneider, John E, Ensign, Gus-
tave Young.

1877— John J, Morgan, Jr„ James M, Nowak, Charles W, Guernsey, R.
R, Holden, Myron T, Herrick, D, A, Matthews, A, R, Odell, Thos, Evans,
Guy W, Kinney, Wm, H, DeWitt, James H, Hoyt, Chas, M, Copp, Wm.
H, Osborne, P, L, Kessler, Martin Dodge, Jacob Sohroeder, Peter Zuok-
er, John T, Beggs, Thomas Robinson.

1878— Clark M. Watson, J. F. Wilcoxon. Sam'l Osterhold, C. L. Holtze,
Richard Bacon, O. B. Benton, G. A. Brunck, Archibald McKee, F. N.
WUcox, H. C. Ford, Joseph C. Poe, Seth S. Wheeler, P. W, Ward, W, F.
Rudy, Frederick Weizman, Wm, E, Gushing, Thos, L, Johnson, James
P. Wilson, William H, Rose, R, D, Mix, O, L, Sadler, Samuel S, Marsh,
Thos. B. McKearney.

1879— A. J. Sanford, G. A. Laubsoher, B C, Stark,

CHAPTEE LXV.

CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST.

Trustees of Cleveland Township, arranged by Years of Election— Town"
ship Clerks— Township Treasurers— Justices of the Peace— OfBcers of
Cleveland Village, arranged together, by Years of Election— Officers
of Ohio City, arranged together, by Years of Election— Officers of
the City of Cleveland, arranged together, by Years of Election.

TOWNSHIP TRUSTEES- Trifft years of Election.

1802, Amos Spafford, Timothy Doan, William W. Williams; 1803, Amos
Spafford, T. Doan, James Kingsbury; 1804, T. Doan, J. Kingsbury, Lo-
renzo Carter; 1805, A. Spafford, David Dille, Augustus Gilbert; 1806, A.
Spafford, T, Doan, L. Carter; 1807, A, Spafford, T. Doan,^J. Kingsbury;
1808, A, Spafford, T, Doan, A, Gilbert; 1809, A. Spafford, T. Doan, Theo-
dore Miles; 1810, A. Gilbert, L. Carter, James Hamilton.

1811, A. Gilbert, L. Carter, Nathaniel Doan; 1813, A, Gilbert, Philemon
Baldwin, Harvey Murray; 1813, A. Gilbert, P. Baldwin, J. Kingsbury;
1814, Budolphus Edwards, TheodoreMiles, Daniel Warren; 1815, Samuel
Williamson, Ozias Brainard, N, Doan; 1816, S. Williamson, George
Aiken, Horace Perry ; 1817, Asa Brainard, Job Doan, Isaac Hinckley, (re-
signed and S . Williamson elected in his place) ; 1818, Daniel Kelley, S.
Williamson, O, Brainard Jr,; 1819, D. Kelley, S. Williamson, Phineas
Shepherd ; 1830, Samuel Williamson, Daniel Kelley, Seth G. Baldwin.

1821, Horace Perry, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Eleazer Waterman; 1882, Hor-
ace Perry, Eleazer Waterman, Ahimaaz Sherwin ; 1833, A. Sherwin, Jr, ,
Eleazer Waterman, S. Williamson; 1824, A. Sherwin, Jr., James Strong,
Leonard Case, (resigned and Andrew Logan elected in his place); 1825>
Moses Jewett, Wildman White, E. Waterman; 1826, M. Jewett, W. White,

32-2

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

J. Doan: 1837. J. Doan, Peter M. Weddell, Henry L. Noble; 1828, J. Doan.
H. L. Noble, Philo ScoTill; 1829, D. H. Beardsley, Job Doau, H. L. Xoble;
1830, W. White, Andrew Cozad, J. Strong.

1S31, A. Cozad, P. M. Weddell, A. Sherwin, Sr.; 1&32, unknown ; 1&33,
Robert Gather, P. Scovill, Rufus Dunham; 18:M, P. Scovill, Charles L.
Camp, Ansel Young; 1835, A. Young, Gurdon Fitch, Sylrester Pease;
1836, Gurdon Fitch, A. Young, John Barr; 1837, Silas Belden, H. H.
Dodge, EUas Cozad; 18;3S. H. H. Dodge, John A. Vincent, T. H, Watkins;
1839, H. H. Dodge, T. H. Watkins, Timothy Ingraham; 1840, R. Cather,
P. ScoTiU, Benjamin Crawford.

1841, J. A. Vincent, B. Crawford, Abijah Wheeler; 1S42, J. A. Vincent,
A. Wheeler, E. Cozad; 1S43, J. A. Vincent, E, Cozad, George Witherell;

1844. Benjamin Rouse, Horatio Ranney. R. T. Lyon; 184.5, H. Rauney,
M. 31. Spangler, Benjamin C. Walters; 1846, H. Ranney, B. C. Walters,
M. 51 . Spangler ; 1847. G. Witherell, Alexander S . Cramer, Benjamin S.
Decker; 1848, H. Ranney, John Pritchard, John M. Bailey: 1849, B. L.
Spangler, H. Ranney, William T. Goodwin. In 1850 the aldermen of
the city of Cleveland were made e.r officio trustees of the township.

TOWNSHIP CLERKS— n7ft Years of Election.

1802, Nathaniel Doan, re-elected annually until and including 1808;
1809, Stanley Griswold. (Mr. Griswold was elected township clerk im-
mediately after serving a session in the United States Senate.) 1810,
Erastus Miles, re-elected annually until and including 1814; 1815, Asa-
hel W. Walworth, re-elected in 1816 and 1817; 1818, Horace Perry, re-
elected in 1819 and 1820; 1821, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1832 and 1823;
1824. John Riddall; 1823. Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1826; 1827, Hersohel
Foote, re-elected in 1828 and 1839; 1830, S. J. Hamlin; laSl, Dudley Bald-
win, re-elected in 1832; 1833. Edward Baldwin; 1834, Dudley Baldwin;
1835. Edward Baldwin; 1836, George C. Dodge, re-elected in 1837; 1838,
Henry Sexton, re-elected in 18-39; 1840, F. T. Backus; 1841. Jesse P
Bishop: 1842, EUery G. Williams, re-elected in 1843: 18J4, E. S. Flint;

1845. Loren Prentiss: 1846, Charles L. Fish; 1847, George W. Lynch; 1848
D. W. Cross, re-elected in 1S49. In 1850, the city clerk became ex-officio
township clerk.

TOWNSHIP TREASURERS— irzttt Years of Election.

1804, Timothy Doan; 1805, James Kingsbury; 1806, Lorenzo Carter;
1807, Nathaniel Doan: 1808. N. Doan. 1809, Stanley Griswold; 1810
James Kingsbury; 1811, George Wallace, re elected in 1812 and 18131
1814, Horace PeriT, re-elected in 1815 and 1816; 1817, David Long, re-
elected in 181K, 1819 and 1820: 1821, Ashbel W. Walworth, re-elected
inJ822: 1823, Irad^ Kelley: 1824, Timothy Watkins; 1825, Herschel
Foote, re-elected inlS20; 1.827. Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1828; 1829,"
Peter M. Weddell ; 18-30, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Jr., re-elected in 1831,
18-32 and 1833: 1834, P. M. Weddell: 1835, Daniel Worley, re-elected in
1836 and 1837; 1838, Nicholas Dockstader, re-elected in 1839; 1.840, James
H. Kelley, re-elected in 1841 and 1842: 1843, George B. Tibbets; 1844
Henry G. Abbey (resigned and succeeded by William T. Goodwin) ; 1845]
W. T. Goodwin, re-elected in 184(3, 1847 and 1848; 1849, George F. Mar-
shall, re-elected in 1850; 1851, D. W. Cross; 1852, S. S. Lyon. The city
treasurer then became ex-offlcio township treasurer.

JUSTICES OF THE V^KCE^Elected for Three Years, with Years of
Election.

180:3, Amos Spafford, Timothy Doan; 1806, A. SpafiEord, Nathaniel Doan,
Theodore Miles; 1809, Samuel S. Baldwin, A. SpafiEord, William Coleman;
1810, James Kingsbury, Erastus Miles: 1811, George Wallace; 1814; Hor-
ace Perry; 1815, Samuel Wilhamson, Cyril Aiken; 1817, Horace Periy;
1818, S. Williamson, C. Aiken; 1820, Job Doan, Samuel Cowles.

1821. Eleazer Waterman; 1823, J. Doan, Ashbel W. Walworth; 1834, E.
Waterman; 1826, J. Doan, A. W. Walworth; 1827, E. Waterman'; 1829, X
Doan, Harvey Rice; 1830, Gordon Fitch; 1831, Orville B. Skinner; 1832
J. Doan ; 1833, Vamum J. Card; 1834, Andrew Cozad; 1835, George Hoad-
ley; 18.36, G. Fitch; 1837, Samuel Underbill; 1838, A. D. Smith, G. Hoad-
ley; 1889, Isaac F. Benedict; 1840, John Day, John Gardner.

1841, G. Hoadley, J. Barr; 1842, I. F. Benedict; 1843, Isaac Sherman,
Edward Hessenmueller, Melancthon Bamett: 1844, G. Hoadley, J. Barr-
1846, Chas. L. Fish, M. Barnett, E. Hessenmueller; 1847, J. Barr, James
D. Cleveland ; 1849, E. Hessenmueller, George B. Tibbits, George W.
Lynde; 1850, JH). Cleveland, J. Barr; 1852, Erastus Smith, E. Hessen-
mueller, G. B. Tibbits; 1853, J. T. Philpot, Almon Burgess; 1855, E. Hes-
senmueller, G. B. Tibbits, H. H. Holden; 1856, Isaac C. Vail, George H.
Benham, Henry Chapman; 1858, John R. Fitzgerald, Madison Miller, E.
Hessenmueller, G. B. Tibbits, Wells Porter; 1859, G. H. Benham, Sam-
uel Foljambe.

1861, Julius H. Brown, Joseph S. AUen, G. B. Tibbits, E. Hessenmuel-
ler, W. Porter: 1862, G. H. Benham, J. R. Fitzgerald; 186-3, Daniel Stephan,
Frederick A. Brand; 1864, G«orge Hester, George A. Kolbe, W. Por-
ter; 1865, G. H. Benham; 1866, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan; 1867, Horace N
Bill, G. Hester, G. A. Kolbe, W. Porter; 1868, George Arnold ; 1869, F. a!
Brand, D. Stephan; 1870, Edgar Sowers, Homer Strong, David L. Wood,
G. A. Kolbe, Perry W. Payne; 1872, George T. Smith, D. Stephan; 1873'
JohnP. Green, H. P. Bates, E. W. Goddard, H. Strong, G. A. Kolbe; 1874,
Charles H. Babcock; 1875, Frederick Buehue; 1876, E. W Goddard Al-

bert H. Weed, Felix Nicola, A. J. Hamilton, J. P. Green, Truman D.
Peck, W. K. Smith, H, P. Bates; 1877, Charles H. Babcock.

OFFICERS OF CLEVELAND Vl'Llik.GS,— Arranged Accordirig to Years
of Election.

1815. President, Alfred Kelley (resigned in March, 1816, and his father,
Daniel Kelley, appointed); trustees, David Long, Samuel Williamson,
Nathan Perry; recorder, Horace Perry; treasurer, Alonzo Carter; mar-
shal, John A. Ackley.

1816. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, G. Wal-
lace; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, Ashbel W. Walworth; marshal,
Irad Kelley.

1817. The same.

1818. The same.

1819. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, William
Bliss; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, A. W, Walworth; marshal, Eleazer
Waterman.

1820. President, Horace Perry; (also later, Reuben Wood) ; trustees,
Wildman White, Silas Walworth, Irad Kelley: recorder, Samuel Cowles;
(succeeded in August of same year by Reuben Wood) ; treasurer, A.
W. Walworth; marshal, John Burtis; followed by Harvey Wellman.

1821. President, Leonard Case; trustees, H. Perry, Asahel Abell, Philo
Scovill; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal,
Harvey Wellman.

1822. The same.

1823. President, L. Case; trustees, A. Abell, S. Wilhamson, Ziba Wil-
lis; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal H.
Wellman.

1824. President, E. Waterman; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H.
Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal,
H. Wellman.

1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry;
recorder,' E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth.

1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H.
Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth.

1827. President, H. Perry; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry;
recorder, E. Waterman (resigned and Orison Cathan appointed in his
place); treasurer, A. W. Walworth.

1828. President, Samuel Cowles ; trustees, James S. Clark, D. Long,
P. Scovill; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; mar-
shal, Silas Belden.

1829. President, D. Long; trustees, Peter M. Weddell, Ahimaaz Sher
win, Jr., John W. Allen; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W.
Walworth; marshal, S. Belden.

1830-31. President, Richard Hilliard; trustees, Thomas P. May, Ed-
mond Clark, Newton E. Crittenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treas-
urer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden.

1831. President, E. Hilliard; trustees, T. P. May, E. Clark, N. E. Crit-
tenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal,
S. Belden; prosecuting attorney, James L. Conger; ofiSce abohshed after
one year.

1832. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, T. P. May, D. Long, S. Pease;
recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; marshal, S. Belden.

1833. President, J. W. AUen; trustees, T. P. May, Nicholas Dock-
stader, D. Long; recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; mar-
shal, Richard Bailey.

1834. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, Charles M. Giddings, E. Clark,
EUsha T. Sterling (resigned and John G. McCurdy appointed in his
stead) ; recorder, O. B. Skinner (committed suicide, and John A. Foot,
appointed in his place); treasurer, Dauiel Worley; marshal, William
Marshall (died and John Wills appointed in place); surveyor and street
commissioner, Ahaz Merchant.

1835-36. President, J. W. Allen (resigned and Samuel Starkweather,
appointed in his place); trustees, N. E. Crittenden, Samuel Cook, Wil-
liam Lemen; recorder, Edward Baldwin; treasurer, N. Dockstader;
marshal, Elijah Peet ; surveyor and street commissioner, Ahaz Merchant.

OFFICERS OF OHIO CVTY— Arranged by Years of EUction.

1836. Mayor, Josiah Barber; president of council, Richaid Lord;
councibnen, Horatio N. Ward, WilUam Burton, Richard Lord, E. Conk-
lin, Francis A. Burrows, C. E. Hill, Luke Risley, Edgar Slaght, E. Folsom,
Cyrus WiUiams. Norman C. Baldwin, B. F. Tyler: recorder, Thomas
Whelpley, (succeeded by C. L. Russell); treasurer, Asa Foot; marshal,
George L. Chapman. •

1837. Mayor, Francis A. Burrows; president of council, N. C. Bald-
win: councilmen, William Burton, E. Conklin, H. N. Ward, L. Risley,
C. E. Hill, N. C. Baldwin, C. Williams, E. Folsom, J. Barber, 8. W.
Sayles, Daniel Barstow, Edward Bronson; recorder, C. L. Russell, (suc-
ceeded by Horace Foote); treasurer, Daniel 0. Van Tine; marshal, G.
L. CHiapman.

1838. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, E. Bronson; coun-
cilmen, H. N. Ward, C. E. Hill, C. WiUiams, Charles Winslow, Needham
M. Standart, WiUiam H. HiU, George C. Huntington, D. Baratow, E.
Bronson, J. Barber, W. Burton, S. W. Sayles; recorder, H. Foote;
treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman.

CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST.

323

1839. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, C. C. Waller;
counoilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Barrows, Samuel H. Fox,
H. A. Hurlburt, Daniel Sanford, i^. M, Standart, H, X. Ward, 0. E. Hill,
W. H. Hill, C. Williams, C. Winslow; recorder, Horace Foote; treasurer,

D. C. Van Tine; marshal, George L. Chapman,

1840. Mayor, Needham M. Standart; president of the council, C. C.
Waller; counoilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Burrows, S. H.
Fox, H. A. Hurlburt, D. Sanford, S. W. Sayles, Homer Strong, Andrew
White, Benjamin Sheldon, B. F. Tyler, D. H. Lamb; recorder, J. F. Tain-
tor; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman.

1841. Mayor, N. M. Standart; president of council, Richard Lord;
counoilmen, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon, H. Strong, B. F. Tyler, A. White,

C. L, Russell, D. H. Lamb, R. Lord, Albert PoweU, Ephraim Wilson,
Julius A. Sayles, C. A. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. H. Fox,
marshal, H. Strong.

1843. Mayor, F. A. Burrows; president of council, R. Lord; council-
men, E. Wilson, C. A. Russell, J. A. Sayles, R. Lord, D. C. Van Tine, A.
Powell, D. Grifath, H. G. Townsend, G. L. Chapman, Morris Hepburn, S.
W. Sayles, B. Sheldon; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N, Ward;
marshal, H. Stroug,

184a. Mayor, R. Lord; president of council, S. W. Sayles; counoilmen,
A. Powell, Peter Barker, Thomas Armstrong, L. L. Davis, J. A. Sayles,
Seth W. Johnson, C. L. Russell, David Griffith, S. W. Sayles, G. L. Chap-
man, B. Sheldon, M. Hepburn; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N.
Ward; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, George Osmun.

1844. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; council-
men, E. T. Sterling, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. Hunt, B. Sheldon, G. W.
Jones, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles, L. L. Davis, 8. W. Johnson, P. Barker, C-
L. Russell; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. E, Hill; marshal, H.
Strong; street supervisor, G. Osmun.

1845. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; counoilmen,
Joseph B. Palmer, Ambrose Anthony, L. L. Davis, D. Sanford, J. A.-
Sayles, A. P(3well, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. T. Sterling, B. Sheldon, G.
W. Jones, E. Huut; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. ^Vinslow; mar-
shal, Edgar Slaght; street supervisor, George Osmun.

1846. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, B. Sheldon; council-
men, G. L. Chapman, B. Sheldon, S. W. Turner, G. Folsom. S. W. John-
son, John Beverlin, J. B. Palmer, A. Anthony, D. Sanford, L. L. Davis,
A. Powell, J. A. Sayles; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow;
marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor, WiUiam H. Newton.

1847. Mayor, David Griffith; president of council, B, Sheldon; coun-
oilmen, C. L. Russell, L. L. Davis, R. L. Russell, H. Strong, Philo
Moses, Irvine U. Masters, B. Sheldon, G. L. Chapman, S. W. Turner, G.
Folsom, S. W. Johnson, J. Beverlin; recorder, C. B. Hill; treasurer, S.
J. Lewis; marshal, N. D. White; street supervisor, William Hartness.

1848. Mayor, John BeverUn; president of council, H. Strong; coun-
oilmen, Thomas Lindsay, William S. Levake, James Kirby, F. B.
Pratt, D. S. Degroate, H. N. Bissett, C. L Russell, L. L. Davis, H. Strong,
I. U. Masters, P. Moses, R. L. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer,
C. Winslow; marshal, Lyman Whitney; street supervisor, W. H. New-
ton.

1849. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, R. B. Piatt;
councilmen, E. Slaght, E. M. Peck, Uriah Taylor, Martin Smith, A. W.
Merrick, J. lieanson, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt, H. N. Bissett, S. C.
Degroate, Thomas Lindsay, Mark Harrison; recorder, J. A. Redington;
treasurer, C. Winslow ; marshal, A. P. Turner ; street supervisor, W. H.
Newton.

1850. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, F. B. Pratt;
councilmen, C. L. Russell, E. C. Blish, John Kirkpatrick, M. L. Hooker,

F. B. Pratt, Thomas Lindsay, Uriah Taylor, A. W. Merrick, E. Slaght,
M. Smith, E. M. Peck, J. Beanson; recorder, J. A. Redington; treasurer,

G. Folsom ; marshal, G. Osmun ; street supervisor, W. H. Newton,

1851. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. L. Russell;
councilmen, William B. Guyles, D. P. Rhodes, A. Anthony, W. H. New-
ton, T. Burnham, D. Sanford, F. B. Pratt, E. C. Blish, M. L. Hooker, T.
Lindsay, C. L. Russell, John Kirkpatrick; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer,
G. Folsom; marshal, E. H. Lewis; street supervisor, G. Osmun.

1852. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. Winslow;

E. C. Blish; councilmen, H. Strong, D. C. Maylor, C. Winslow, E. C.
Blish, J. Kirby, M. Crapser, D. Sanford, D. P. Rhodes, W. H. Newton, T.
Burnham, W. B. Guyles, A. Anthony; recorder, C. E, Hill; treasurer,
Sanford J. Lewis; marshal, Nathan K. McDole: street supervisor, A. C.
Beardsley.

1853. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, A. PoweU; trus-
tees, i). C. Taylor, Wells Porter, Daniel O. Hoyt, Plimmon C. Bennett,
A. Powell, Charles L. Rhodes (resigned and A. C. Messenger appointed
in his place); recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K.
McDole; street supervisor, N. K. McDole.

1854. Mayor, W. B. Castle; president of council, A. Powell; trustees,
W. Porter, P. C. Bennett, Charles W. Palmer. A. C. Messenger, A. Pow-
ell, I. U. Masters, Frederick Silberg, Edward RusseU; recorder, C. E.
Hiil; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. McDole; street supervisor,

D. Griffith.

OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND-^rraiiged According to
Years of Service.*

1836. Mayor, John W. WiUey; president of counril, Sherlock J. An-
drews; Aldermen, Richard Hilliard, Joshua Mills, Nicholas Dockstader;
councilmen— 1st Ward, Morris Hempburn, JohnR. St. John, William
V. Craw— 2nd Ward, J. Andrews, Henry L. Noble, Edward Baldwin—
3rd Ward, Aaron T. Stickland, Horace Canfleld, Archibald M. C. Smith;
attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, Daniel Worley; civil engineer, John
Shier; clerk, Henry B. Payne, (succeeded by George B. Merwin;; street
commissioner, Benjamin Rouse; marshal, George Eirk; chief of fire
department, Samuel Cook.

1837. Mayor, J. W. Willey; president of council, J. Mills; aldermen,
J. Mills; N. Dockstader, Jonithan Williams; couoilmen— 1st Ward,
George B. Merwin, Horace Canfleld, Alfred Hall— 2nd Ward, E . Baldwin,
S. Cook, H. L. Noble— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweather, Joseph K. Miller,
Thomas Colahan; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, D. Worley; civil
engineer, J. Shier; clerk, Oliver P. Baldwin; street commissioner, W.
J. Warner; marshal, George Kirk; chief of fire department, William
Milford.

1838. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, N. Dockstader;
aldermen. N. Dockstader, Alfred Hall, Benjamin Harrington; council-
men— 1st Ward, George C. Dodge, Moses A. Eldridge, Herrick Childs—
2nd Ward, Benjamin Andrews, Leonard Case, Henry Blair— 3rd Ward,
Melancton Barnett, T. Colahan, T. Lemen; attorney, Moses Kelley;
treasurer, Samuel Williamson; civil engineer, John Shier; clerk, A. H.
Curtis; street commissioner, John Wills; marshal, Geo. Kirk; chief of
fire department. Tom Lemen.

1839. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of couueii, John A. Foot; alder-
men, Harvey Rice, E. Baldwin, Richard Hilliard; councilmen— 1st Ward,
George Mendenhall, Timothy P. Spencer, Moses Ross— 2nd Ward, J. A.
Foot, C. M. Giddings, Jefferson Thomas— 8rd Ward, Thomas Bolton,
T. Lemen, John A. Vincent; attorney, Moses Kelly; treasurer, Samuel
Williamson; clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor, John Wills;
marshal, Isaac Taylor; chief of fire department, J. R. St. John.

1840. Mayor, Nicholas Dockstader; president of council, William
Milford; aldermen, W. Milford, William -Lemen, Josiah A. Harris-
councilmen— 1st Ward, Ashbel W. Walworth, David Hersch, John Barr
—2nd Ward, David Allen, J. A. Foot, Thomas M. Kelley— 3rd Ward
Stephen Clary, Charles Bradburn, J. A. Vincent; attorney, George A.
Benedict; treasurer. Timothy Ingraham; clerk, James B, Finney; street
supervisor, J. Wills ; market clerk, L. D . Johnson ; marshal, Isaac Tay-
lor; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby.

1841. Mayor, J. W. Allen; president of council, T. Bolton; aldermen,
W. Milford, T. Bolton, Newton E. Crittenden; councilmen— 1st Ward,
Nelson Hay ward, Herrick Childs, George B. Tibbets— 2nd Ward, M.
Kelley, W. J. Warner, M. (J. Younglove— 3rd Ward, Philo Scovill, Benja-
min Harrington, Miller M. Spangle i-; attorney, Bushnell White ; treas-
urer, T. Ingraham; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Jefferson
Thomas ; market clerk, B. S. Welch ; marshal, James A . Craw ; chief of
fire department, J. L. Weatherby.

1848. Mayor, JoshuaMills; presidentofcouncil,B. Harrington; alder-
men, N. Hayward, William Smyth, B. Harrington; councilmen— 1st
\Vard, William D. Nott, Robert Bailey, Henry Morgan— 2nd Ward
George Mendenhall, George Witherell, J. Thomas— 3rd Ward, William
T. Goodwin, George Kirk, Levi Johnson; attorney, Joseph Adams;
treasurer, G. B. Tibbets; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor,
Chas. F. Lender; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, Seth A. Abbey;
chief of fire department, M. M . Spangler.

1848. Mayor, Nelson Hayward; president of council, G. A. Benedict;
aldermen, W. D. Nott, S. Cook, S. Starkweather; councilmen— 1st Ward,
R. Bailey, John R. Wigman, James Church, Jr.— 2nd Ward, S. Clary,
Alanson H, Lacy, G. A. Benedict— 3rd Ward, W. T. Goodwin, J. Wills
Alexander S. Cramer; attorney, B, White; treasurer, G. li. Tibbits;
clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Sylvester Remington ; market clerk,
B. S. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of Are department, John
Outhwaite.

1844. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, M. Barnett;

aldermen, LeanderM. Hubby, S. Clary, W. T. Goodwin; councilmen

1st Ward, Thomas Mell, George F. Marshall, E. bt, John Bemis— 3nd
Ward, Charles Stetson, Jacob Lowman, John Outhwaite— 3rd Ward
WilUam F. Allen, M. Barnett, John F. Warner; attorney, B. White;
treasurer, M. M. Spangler; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, John
Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Rose; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of
fire department, M. M. Spangler.

1845. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, F. W. Bing-
ham; aldermen, C. W. Heard, G. Witherell, L. O. Mathews, councilmen
—1st Ward, F. W. Bmgham, Peter Caul, Samuel C. Ives— 2nd Ward,
James Gardner, Ellery G. Williams, David L. Wood— 3rd Ward, Arthur
Hughes, John A. Wheeler, Orvllle Gurley; attorney, Geo. W. Lynde;
treasurer, James E. James; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Myrou

'■'Each year of official service extends over until after the election the
next year.

3-24

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Dow; market clerk, George Overacker: marshal. Stoughton Bliss; chief
of fire department, A. S. Sanford.

1846. Mayor, George Hoadler: president of Council, L. il. Hubby;
aldermen, L. M. Hubby, JohnH. Gorman, J. A. Harris; councilmen— 1st
■Ward, E. S. Bemis. John F. Chamberlain. John Gill— 2nd Ward, William
Case. William Bingham, John A. Wheeler — 3rd Ward, William K, Ad-
ams, Marshall Carson, Liakim L. Lyon; attorney, Samuel Williamson;
treasurer, M. 51. Spangler: clerk, James D. Cleveland: street supervisor.
W. R. Richardson, (succeeded by Asa D. Howard); market clerk, Fred-
erick Whitehead; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of tire department, John
Gill.

1S17. Mayor. Josiah A. Harris: president of council, F. W. Bingham;
alderrSen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Pierre A. Mathivet; councilmen —
1st Ward, David Clark Doan, Henry Everett, John Gill— 2nd Ward, John
Erwin, Charles Hickox, H. B. Payne — 3rd Ward, Alexander Seymour,
Alexander S. Cramer, Orville Gurley; attorney, William Strong, treas-
urer, M. M Spangler; clerk, John Coon; street supervisor, J. Wills;
market clerk, Benjamin Ross; marshal, B. Giles (succeeded by S. A.
Abbey); chief of fire department, M. 31. Spangler (succeeded by A. S.
Sanford).

1818. 3Iayor, Lorenzo A. Kelsey ; president of the council, F. W. Bing-
ham; aldermen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Alexander Strong; council-
men— 1st Ward. Richard Norton. John Gill, Charles M. Read — 2nd Ward,
H. B. Payne, L. 31. Hubby, Thomas C. Floyd— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweath-
er, Robert Parks. William" J. Gordon; attorney, Jabez W. Fitch; treas-
urer. M. 31. Spangler: clerk. J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Jacob
Mitchell: market clerk. O. F. Welsh; marshal, S. A. Abbay; chief of
fire department, S. S. Lyon.

1849. 3Iayor. Flavel W. Bingham : president of council, William
Case: aldermen. W. Case, Alexander Seymour, John Gill: councilmen—
1st Ward, David W. Cross, E. Norton. H. Everett^2nd Ward, Alexander
Mcintosh, John G. 3Iack, James Colyer— 3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes,
Abner C. Brownell. Levi Johnson: attorney, J. W. Fitch: treasurer,
George C. Dodge; clerk. J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Henry Mor-
gan; market clerk, O. F. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of Are
department. James Bennett.

1860 Mayor. William Case; president of council, Alexander Sey-
mour; aldermen. A. Seymour. J. Gill, L. 31. Hubby; councilmen— 1st
Ward, William Given, George 3Vbitelaw, Buckley Stedman—3nd Ward.
Alexander Jlclntosh, W. Bingham, S. Williamson— 3rd Ward, Arthur
Hughes, A. C. Brownell, L. Johnson: attorney, John E.Cary; treasurer,
William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Jacob Mitchellj
marketclerk,3Iavne Potter: marshal, S. A. Abbey: chief of fire depart
ment, M. 31. Spangler.

1851. Mayor. William Case: president of council, J. Gill: aldermen,
J. Gill, L. 31. Hubby. A. C. Brownell, Buckley Stedman : councilmen-
1st Ward, J. W. Fitch, G. -miitelaw-2nd Ward, A. Jlclntosh, Thomas
C. Flcyd— .3rd Ward, Stoughton Bliss, 31. 31. Spangler— 4th Ward. 3Iar-
shall S. Castle. James B. Wilbur: attorney. John.C^ Gramus: treasurer
William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervi.<!or, William. Given';
market clerk. 3Iavne Potter; marshal, James Lawrence: chief of fire
department. 3L 31. Spangler.

1852. Mayor. Abner C. Brownell; president of council, L. 31 Hubby
aldermen. John B. Wigman, L. 3L Hubby. Bazil L. Spangler. B. Sted-
man; councilmen- 1st 3Vard. H. Morgan. Aaron JIerchanl^2nd Ward
William H. SKoU, Robert B. Bailey-3rd Ward. S. Bliss, John B Smith-
4th Ward. Admiral N. Gray, Henry Howe: attorney, John C Grannis-
treasurer, William Hart: clerk. J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor Lewis
Dibble; market clerk, Dark Warren, sncceeded br Erastus Frissell and
Lambert White; marshal, J. Lawrence; chief of Are department J W
Fitch. '

185.3. Mayor. Abner C. Brownell: president of council. William H
Sholl; trustees-lst Ward, John B. Wigman. George F. 3rarshall-2nd
3Vard. William H. Sholl, James Gardner-Srd Ward. William J Gordon
Robert Beilley-4th Ward, H. Everett. Richard C. Parsons; sohcitor
James Fitch; treasurer. William Hart: civil engineer, J W Pillsbury'
clerk, J. B. Bartlett: auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioners-tor "
three years. A. 3IcTntosh-for two years. John 3L Hughes-for one year
John A. Wheeler: superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton- maiihal
3Iiehael Gallagher: police judge. John Barr: police clerk, O J Hodge-
police prosecuting attorney, Bushnell White; chief of fire department'
William Cowan.

18M. 3rayor, Abner C. Brownell: president of the council R C Par
??°?; '™^f ^ist Ward. J. B. Wigman. Charles Bradburn-2nd Ward
T^ Z, ^°^' Gardner-3d Ward, Christopher Mollen. R. ReilleT-4th'
Ward, H. Everett, R. c. Parsons-5th Ward, Chauucev Tice 3Iatthew S
Cotterell-^th Ward. Bolivar Butts, John A. Bishop-Tth Ward w C B
Richardson. George W. 3IorriIl-8th Ward. A. C. Messenger C W Pal'
mer-9th War4 w. Porter. Albert Powell-lOth Ward, PUmmon C. Ben!
nett. Irvine t Masters-llth Ward, Edward Russell, Frederick Silberg-
sohcitor,J^3V Fitch: treasurer. W.Hart: civil engineer, J. W Pillsbu^^

E^^. ^-'7'^"^ '"''^°''- ■'■ =■ ^^'^'^"^ elt? commissioner. John

Erwin: superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton: marshal, Michae"
Gallagher: police judge, John Barr: police clerk, O. J. Hodge polte

prosecuting attorney, Bushnell White (R. D. Noble, pro tern); chief of
fire department, W. Cowan.

1855. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, C. Bradbum;
trustees— 1st Ward, C. Bradbum, E. A. Brock— 2nd Ward, W. H. Sholl,
William T. Smith— 3rd Ward. C. 3IoUen, Thomas S. Paddock— 4th Ward,
William H. Stanley, Rensselaer R. Herrick— 5th Ward, Chauncey Tice,
Irad L. Beardsley— 6th Ward, B. Butts, J. A. Bishop— 7th Ward, W. C.

B. Richardson, (Jeorge W. Morrill— 8th Ward, C. W. Palmer, S. W. John-
son—9th Ward, A. Powell, William A. Wood— 10th Ward, I. U. Masters,
Charles A. Crumb — 11th 33'ard, Edward Bussell, Stephen Buhrer; solic-
itor, John Coon; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk,
J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Ambrose
Anthony; superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt; marshal, David L.
3Vood; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, O. J. Hodge; police pros-
ecuting attorney, A. T. Slade : chief of fire department, James Hill.

1856. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, C. W. Palmer;
trustees— 1st Ward, E. A. Brock, A. P. Winslow— 2nd Ward, W. T.
Smith, O. 31. Oviatt— 3rd Ward, T. S. Paddock, C. Mollen— 4th Ward, R
R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom-5th Ward, Chauncey Tice, F. T. Wallace—
6th Ward J. "A. Bishop," H. Rice— 7th Ward, George W. Morrill, E. S.
Willard— 8th Ward, S. W. Johnson, E. G. Hunt— 9th Ward, S. J. Lewis,

C. W. Palmer— 10th Ward, C. A. Crumb, I. U. 3Iasters— 11th Ward, S.
Buhrer, John Kirpatrick; solicitor, J. Coon; treasurer, W. Hart; civil
engineer, G. A. Hyde: clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor J. B. Bartlrtt; city
commissioner, J. B. Wigman : superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt;,
marshal D. L. Wood; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk. Jesse
Palmer : police prosecuting attorney. A. T. Slade ; chief of fire depart-
ment, James Hill.

1857. Mayor. Samuel Starkweather; president of council, Reuben 6.
Hunt; trustees— 1st Ward, A. P. Winslow, L. J. Rider— 2nd Ward, 0. 31.
Oviatt, Charles D. Williams— 3rd Ward, C. MoUen, Charles Patrick^fh
Ward, C. S. Ransom, E. R. Herrick— 5th Ward, F. T. Wallace, William

B. Rezner— 6th Ward, H. Rice, Jacob Mueller— 7th Ward, E. S. Willard.
John \. Weber— Sth Ward, R. G. Hunt, B. G. Sweet— 9th Ward, 0. W.
Palmer, James M. Cofflnberry— 10th Ward, I. U. 3Iasters. C. A. Crumb—
11th Ward, J. Kirkpatrick, Daniel Stephan: attorney, John W. Heisley;
treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk, J. B. Bartlett;
auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Peter Caul; superintendent
of markets, Edward Russell; marshal, 31. Gallagher; police judge, Isaac

C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer; chief of fire department, J. Hill

1S58. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, J. M. Cof-
finberry; trustees— 1st Ward, L. J. Rider, George B. Senter— 2d Ward,
C. D. Williams, O. M. Oviatt^-3d Ward, Levi Johnson, Randall Crawford
—4th Ward. E. R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom— 5th Ward, William B. Eezner,
G. H. Detmer— 6th Ward, J. 3Iueller, L. D. Thayer— 7th Ward, J. A.
Weber, Thomas Thompson— 8th Ward, B. G. Sweet, C. Winslow— 9th
Ward, J. 31. Cofflnberry, John N. Ford; 10th Ward, A. G. Hopkinson,!.
U. 3Iasters; 11th Ward, D. Stephan. Alexander McLane: attorney, J. W.
Heisley; treasurer, W. Hart: civil engineer, C. D. Bishop; clerk, J. B.
Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, A. C. Beardsley;
superintendent of markets, E. Eussell; marshal, M. Gallagher; police
judge. Isaac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer; chief of fire department,
James Hill.

1859. Jlayor, George B. Senter; president of council, L U. Masters;
trustees— 1st Ward, L. J. Eider, James Christian— 2nd Ward, O. M. Ovi-
att, WiUiam H. Hayward— 3rd Ward, R. Crawford, Louis Heckman— 4th
Ward, C. S. Ransom, Isaac H. Marshall— Sth Ward, G. H. Detmer, Jacob
Hovey— 6th Ward, L. D. Thayer, Jared H. Clark— 7th Ward, Thomas
Thompson, James E. Worswlck— 8th Ward, C. Winslow, C. L. Eussell—
9th Ward, John H. Sai^eant, E. H. Lewis— 10th Ward, L TJ. Masters, A.
G. Hopkinson— 11th Ward, A. McLane, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Chas.
W. Palmer; treasurer, 3Villiam Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw;
clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, Samuel
Erwin; superintendent of markets, W. G. Stedman; marshal, James A.
Craw; police judge, A. G. Lawrence, police clerk, Jacob Schroeder;
chief of fire department, James HiU.

1860. 3Iayor, George B. Senter; president of councU, I. V. Masters;
trustees— 1st Ward, James Christian, Thomas Qiiayle— 2nd Ward, W.
H. Hayward, O. 31. Oviatt— 3rd Ward, L. Heckman, Henry S. Stevens—
4th Ward, I. H. JIarshall. E. Thomas— Sth Ward, Jacob Hovey, W. B.
Rezner— 6th Ward, J. H. Clark, C. J. Ballard— 7th Ward, J. R. Wors-
wick, E. S. Willard— Sth Ward, C. L. Russell, J. Dwight Palmer— 9th
Ward, E. H. Lewis. William Sabin— 10th Ward, A.. G. Hopkinson, L U.
Masters-llth Ward, Thomas Dixon, Daniel Stephan; attorney, W.
Palmer: treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, J
B. Bartlett: auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, E. Crawford;
superintendent of markets, William Sanborn; marshal, James A. Craw;
police judge, A. G. Lawrence; police clerk, J. Schroeder; chief of fire
department, James Hill.

1S61. Mayor, Edward S. Flint; president of council, H. S. Stevens;
trustees— 1st Ward, T. Quayle, J. J. Benton— 2nd Ward, O: M. Oviatt,
T. N. Bond— 3rd Ward, H. b. Stevens, A. C. Keating— 4th Ward, E.
Thomas, Henry Blair— 5th Ward, W. B. Eezner, Joseph Sturges-«Ui
Ward, C. J. Ballard, William Meyer— 7th Ward, E. S Willard, P. M.
Freese— Sth Ward, J. Dwight Palmer, Solon Corning— 9th Ward, Wil-

CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST.

325

liam SabiD, A. Anthony— 10th Ward, I. U. Masters, William Wellhouse
—11th Ward, J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Merrill Barlow;
treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill;
auditor, J. B. Bartlett; street commissioner, Edward Russell; superin-
tendent of markets, Wi G. Steadman; police judge, Isaac C. Vail; po-
lice clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, C. A. Hinckley; chief of fii-e depart-
ment, Edwin Hart.

1863. Mayor, Edward S. Flint; president of council, Irvine U. Masters;
trustees— 1st Ward, J. J. Benton, C. C. Rogers— 2nd Ward, T. N. Bond,
A. Roberts— 3rd Ward, A. C. Keating, H. S. Stevens— 4th Ward, Henry
Blair, E. Thomas— 5th Ward, Joseph Sturges, Nathan P. Payne— 6th
Ward, John Huntington, William Meyer— 7th Ward, P. M. Freese, E. S.
Willard— 8th Ward, Solon Corning, J. D. Palmer— 9th Ward, A. Anthony,
A. T. Van Tassel— 10th Ward, William Wellhouse, I. U. Masters— llth
Ward, J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Merrill Barlow; treasurer,
William Hart; civil engineer, Charles D. Bishop; clerk, C. E. Hill; audi-
tor, J. B. Bartlett; street commissioner, Edward Russell; superintend-
ent of markets, G. Folsom ; judge of police court, Isaac 0. Vail (Edward
Hessenmueller, pro tern); police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, M. Gal-
lagher; chief of fire department, Edwin Hart.

1863. Mayor, Irvine U. Masters; president of the council, H. S.
Stevens; trustees— 1st Ward, C. C. Rogers, Thomas Jones, Jr.— 2nd
Ward, A. Roberts, T. N. Bond— 3rd Ward, H. S. Stevens, A. C. Keating
—4th Ward, E. Thomas, Henry Blaii^-5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Joseph
Sturges — 6th Ward, John Huntington, George W. Gardner— 7th Ward

E. S. Willard, Peter Goldrick— 8th Ward, Joseph Ransom, J. D. Palmer—
9th Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, Percival Upton— 10th Ward, H. N. Bissett,
George Presley— llth Ward, J. Coonrad, Stephen Buhrer; attorney,
John C. Grannis; treasurer, W, Hart; civil engineer, J. H. Sargeant;
clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, John Given;
superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, E. Hessenmueller;
police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, John N. Frazee; chie f of fire de-
partment, Edwin Hart.

1864. Mayor, Irvine U. Masters ; (died, and George B. Senter elected
by council in his place) ; president of council, Thomas Jones, Jr. ; trus-
tees—1st Ward, T. Jones, Jr. ; Charles C. Rogers— 2nd Ward, T. N. Bond,
Ansel Roberts — 3rd Ward, A. C. Keating, Amos Townsend— 4th Ward.
Henry Blair, David A. Dangler— 5th Ward, Joseph Sturges, B. P. Bower
—6th Ward, G. W. Gardner. John Huntington— 7th Ward, Peter Gold-
rick, E. S. Willard — 8th Ward, Joseph Randerson, William H. Truscott
—9th Ward, P. Upton, John Martin— 10th Ward, George Presley, Michael
Crapser — llth Ward, S. Buhrer, E. Russell; attorney, J. C. Grannis;'
treasurer, Wm. Hart; civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill;
auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, John Given; superintendent
of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, E. Hessenmueller; police clerk,
J. Schroeder; marshal, J. N. Frazee; chief of Are department, J. Hill.

1865. Mayor, Herman M. Chapin; president of council, T. Jones, Jr. ;
trustees— 1st Ward, C. C. Rogers, T. Jones, Jr. — 2nd Ward, A. Roberts
Henry K. Raynolds — 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, R. Crawford — 4th Ward,
D. A. Dangler, Simson Thorman — 5th Ward, B. P. Bower, Joseph Stur-
ges—6th Ward, John Huntington, George W. Calkins— 7th Ward, E. S.
Willard, Charles B. Pettingill— 8th Ward, W. H. Truscott, Joseph Ran-
derson—9th Ward, John Martin, Frederick W. Pelton— 10th Ward, John
J. Weideman, George Presley— llth Ward, E. Russell, S. Buhrer; attor-
ney, R. B. Dennis; treasurer, William Hart; civil engineer, John White-
law ; clerk, C. E. Hill ; auditor, C. E. Hill ; street commissioner, J. Coon-
rad; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A, Abbey;
police clerk, D. N. Gardner; marshal, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of flre
department, J. Hill.

1866. Mayor, Herman M. Chapin; president of council, F, W. Pelton,
trustees— 1st Ward, T. Jones, Jr., C. C. Rogers— 2d Ward, H. K. Ray-
nolds, A. Roberts— 3rd Ward, R. Crawford, A. Townsend— 4th Ward, S.
Thorman, Maurice B. Clark— 5th Ward, J. Sturges, William Heisley— 6th
Ward, G. W. Calkins, J. Huntington— 7th Ward, C. B, Pettingill, Chris-
topher Weigel— 8th Ward, Joseph Randerson, W. H. Truscott — 9th Ward,

F. W. Pelton, J. Martin— 10th Ward, Reuben H. Becker, G. Presley— llth
Ward S. Bahrer, Robert Larnder; attorney, R. B. Dennis; treasurer,
William Hart; civil engineer, John Wliitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill; audi-
tor C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of
markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N.
Gardner; superintendent of police, J. N. Frazee; chief of flre depart-
ment, J. Hill.

1867. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend;
trustees- 1st Ward, C. C. Rogers, Silas Merchant— 2nd Ward, A. Rob-
erts, Peter Diemer— 3rd ward, A. Townsend, J. C. Shields— 4th Ward,
Maurice B. Clark, Proctor Thayer— 5th Ward, W. Heisley, Thomas Pur-
oell— 6th Ward, J. Huntington, Edwin Hart— 7th Ward, Christopher
Weigel, C. B. Pettingill— 8th Ward, W. H. Truscott, Joseph Houstain—
9th Ward, J. Martin, F. W. Pelton— 10th Ward, R. H. Becker, William
Wellhouse— llth Ward, E. Larnder, Charles E. Gehring; attorney, A. T.
Brinsmade; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk,
C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad; super-
intendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police
clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, John N. Frazee; chief of
flre department, J. Hill.

41 A

1868. Mayor, 'Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend;
trustees— 1st Ward, S. Merchant, C. C. Rogers-2nd Ward, Peter Diemer,
H. G. Cleveland— 3rd Ward. J. 0. Shields, A. Townsend— 4th Ward,
Proctor Thayer, M. B. Clark— 5th Ward, Thomas Purcell, N. P. Payne—
6th Ward, Edwin Hart, J . Huntington— 7th Ward, C. B. Pettingill, George
Angel— 8th Ward, Jos. Houstain, Patrick Carr— 9th Ward, F. W. Pelton,
John Martin— 10th Ward, William Wellhouse, J. J. Weideman— llth
Ward, Chas. E. Gehring, George L. Hartnell- 12th Ward, Eugene C.
Gaeckley, Benjamin R. Beavis— 13th Ward, George Rettberg, Major Col-
lins—14th Ward, John Jokus, A. E. Massey— 15th Ward, B. Lied, John
A. Ensign; attorney, A. T. Brinsmade; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engi-
neer, C. H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street com-
missioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of markets, George Randerson;
police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N.Gardner; superintendent
of police, Thomas McKinstry ; chief of fire department, J. Hill.

1869. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend;
trustees— 1st Ward, S. Merchant, C. C. Rogers— 3nd Ward, H. G. Cleve-
land, P. Diemer— 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, Charles Coates— 4th Ward, R.
R. Herrick, Proctor Thayei' — 5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Thomas Purcell—
6th Ward, John Huntington, W. P. Horton — 7th Ward, George Angel,
Horace Fuller— 8th Ward, Patrick Carr, Patrick Smith— 9th Ward, J.
Martin, L. M. Coe— 10th Ward, J. J. Weideman, William Wellhouse—
llth Ward, George L. Hartnell, John G. Vetter— 12th Ward, Benj. R.
Beavis, E. C. Gaeckley— 13th Ward, George Rettberg, J. H. Slawson—
14th Ward. A. E. Massey, A. A Jewett— 15th Ward- J. A. Ensign, C. W.
Coates; attorney, T. J, Carrau; treasurer, S. T, Everett; civil engineer,
C. H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. H. Hill; street commissioner,
Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge,
J. D. Cleveland; police clerk. D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police,
T. McKinstry ; chief of fire department, J. Hill.

1870. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend;
trustees— 1st Ward, S. Merchant, George Weokerling— 2nd Ward, P.
Diemer, J. P. Robinson — 3rd Ward, C. Coates, A. Townsend — 4th Ward,
P. Thayer, H. W. Leutkemeyer— 5th Ward, Thomas Purcell, N. P. Payne
—6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington— 7th Ward, Horace Fuller,
George Angel— 8th Ward. Patrick Smith, Edward Costello— 9th Ward,
L. M. Coe, J. Martin— 10th Ward, William Wellhouse, L. D. Benedict—
llth Ward— J. G. Vetter, Jacob Dahler— 13th Ward, E. G. Gaeckley, Benj.
R. Beavis— 13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, George Rettberg— 14th Ward, A. A.
Jewett, A. E. Massey— 15th Ward, Cullen W. Coates, James Parker; at-
torney, T. J. Carran; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, Charles
H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E, Hill; street commissioner,
Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, George Randerson; police
judge, J. D. Cleveland; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of
police, John H, " illiston; chief of fire department, J. Hill.

1871. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton; president of council, A. Town-
send; trustees— 1st Ward, George Weokerling, S. Merchant— 2nd Ward
J. P. Robison, W. H. Gaylord— 3rd Ward. A. Townsend, J. H. Farley—
4th Ward, H. W. Luetkemeyer, Orlando J. Hodge— oth Ward, N. P.
Payne, Thomas Purcell— 6th Ward, J. Huntington, W. P. Horton— 7th
Ward, George Angel, J. L. Mcintosh — 8th Ward, Edward Costello,
Patrick Smith— 9th Ward, L. M. Coe, John Martin— 10th Ward, L. D.
Benedict, S. H. Crowl— llth Ward, Jacob Dahler, J. G. Vetter— 13th
Ward, B. R. Beavis, John Hornsey— 13th Ward, G. Rettberg, J. H. Slaw-
son—14th Ward, M. J. Holly, A. A. Jewett — 15th Ward, James Parker,
J, Y. Black; solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil en-
gineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street
commissioner, .Tacob Bittel ; superintendent of markets, William Backus ;
police judge, J. W. Towner; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prose-
cuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, Jacob W.
Schmitt; chief of flre department, J. Hill.

1872. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton; president of council, A. Town'
send; trustees— 1st Ward, S. Merchant, J. C. Grarmis— 2nd Ward, W. H'
Gaylord, PhUip Boeder— 3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, A. Townsend— 4th
Ward, O. J. Hodge, George M. Barber— 5th Ward, T. Purcell, W. B. Rez-
ner— 6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington— 7th Ward, John L. Mc-
intosh, George Angel— 8th Ward, P. Smith, E. Costello— 9th Ward, L. M.
Coe, J. Martin— 10th Ward, S. H. Crowl, L. D. Benedict— llth Ward, J.
G. Vetter, Charles Higgins— 12th Ward, John Hornsey, Frederick Halt-
north — 13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, C. Delaney— 14th Ward, A. A. Jewett,

■ N. P. Glazier— 15th Ward, J. Y. Black, J. B. Bruggeman; solicitor, W. C.
Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, Theo.
Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr. ; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; super-
intendent of markets, Wm. L'ackus; police judge, J. W. Towner; police
clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; super-
intendent of police, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of flre department, J. Hill.

1873. Mayor, Charles A. Otis; president of council, A. Townsend;
trustees — 1st Ward, J. C. Grannis, Jacob Striebinger— 2nd Ward, P.
Boeder, W. H. Gaylord— 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, James Barnett — 4th
Ward, J. J. Vogt, O. J. Hodge— 5th Ward, W. B. Rezner, T. Purcell—
6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington— 7th Ward, G. Angel, Edward
Angell— 8th Ward, E. Costello, William Kelly— 9th Ward, A. T. Van Tas-
sel, George T. Chapman— 10th Ward, L. D. Benedict, W. M. Bayne— llth
Ward, Charles Higgins, E. Russell— 12th Ward, F. Ortli, John Hornsey
—13th Ward, C. Dehney, W. C. North— 14th Ward, N. P. Glazier, George
W. Morgan— 15th,Ward, J. B. Bruggeman, J. W. Grimshaw— 16th Ward'

320

THE CITY OF OLEVELA^'D.

H. H. Thorp, Frank H. KeUey— ITtli Ward, Robert Harlow, Charles D.
Everett: soUcitor, W. C. Bunts: treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer,
Charles H. Strong: clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.: street
commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, J. G. Vetter;
police judge. S. A. Abbey: police clerk, D, N. Gardner: police prose-
cuting attorney, C. 31. Stone; superintendent ot police, J. TV. Schmitt;
chief of fire department, James Hill.

1NT4. Mayor, Charles A. Otis: president of council, H. Kelley; trus-
tees-lst Ward, J. Striebinger, Hazen Hughes— 2nd "Ward, W. H. Gay-
lord, Henry C. Burt— 3rd ;Ward, J. Barnett, John H. Farley— 4th Ward,
O. J. Hodge, Daniel Jlai-shall-5th Ward, T. Purcell, James JIcGrath—
6th Ward. W. P. Horton, Joseph Hackman— 7th Ward. E. Angell, C.
Kushman— 8th Ward, William Kelley, O. J. Gallagher— 9th Ward, G. T.
Chapman, A. T. Van Tassel— 10th Ward, W. M. Bayne, S. Buhrer— 11th
Ward, E. EusseU, Charles Higgins— 12th Ward. J. Homsey, Henry HofE-
man— 13th Ward, W. C. North, J. C. Hemmeter— 14th Ward. G. W. Mor-
gan, Ferdinand Eggers — 15th Ward. J. W. Grimshaw, Jas. K. O'Reilly —
16th Ward, Frank H. Kelley, H. C. Ford— 17th Ward, C. D. Everett, C.
B. Lockwood— 18th Ward, E. T. Hamilton. Joseph Tumey; solicitor,
George S. Kain; treasurer, .S. T. Everett: civil engineer, Charles H.
Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges ; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner;
Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, J. G. Vetter: police judge, S.
A Abbey; poUceclerk, D. N. Gardner: police prosecuting attorney, C.
M. Stone: superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; chief of fire depart-
ment, J. Hill.

1S75. Mayor, Xatban P. Payne; president of council, J. H. Farley;
trustees — 1st Ward, Hazen Hughes, N. S. Cobleigh— 2nd Ward, H. C.
Burt, C. H. DeFovest— 3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, P. L. Johnson— 4th
Ward, Daniel Marehall, O. J. Hodge — 5th Ward, James McGrath, Peter
Goldrick— J3th Ward, Joseph Hackman, W. P. Horton— 7th Ward, C.
Kushman, Arthur Devine — 8th Ward, O. J. Gallagher, William Kelley —
9th Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, F. J. Weed— 10th Ward, Stephen Buhrer,
W. M. Bayne — 11th Ward, Charles Higgins, John Sommer — 12th Ward,
Henry Hoffman, E. C. Gaeckley— 1:3th Ward, J. C. Hemmeter, J. M.
McKinstry — 14th Ward, Ferd. Eggers. Ferdinand- Svoboda— 13th Ward,
J. K. O'EeiUy, A. A. AsteU— 16th Ward, H. C. Ford, William Sabin—
17th Ward, M. B. Gary, C. D. Everett— 18th Ward, Joseph Turney, E. D.
Sawyer: solicitor, William Heisley: treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil en-
gineer, B. F. Morse: clerk, John L. Mcintosh: auditor, T. Jones, Jr. ;
street commissioner, J. G. Vetter; superintendent of markets, Edward
Russell; police judge, P. F. Youtig; police clerk. F. E. McGinness; police
prosecuting attorney, M. A. Foran:' superintendent of police, J. W.
Schmitt; president of fire commissioners, N. P. Payne; chief of flrtf de-
partment, J. A. Beimett.

18T6. Mayor, Xathan P. Payne; president of council, Orlando J.
Hodge; trustees— 1st Ward. X. S. Cpbleigh, T. M. Warner— 2nd Ward, C.
H. De Forest, G. W. Gardner— 3d Ward. P. L. Johnson, J. H. Farley—
4th Ward. O J. Hodge, T. H. White— oth Ward, P. Goldrick, Joseph
KeaiT— 6th Ward, W. H. Horton, John T. Watterson— 7th Ward, Arthur
Devine, E. Angell-Sth Ward, William Kelley, D. J. Lawler— 9th Ward,
F. J. Weed, W. A. Morris- 10th Ward. W. M. Bayne, W. E. Sherwood—
11th Ward, John Sommer, Martin Hipp— 12th Ward, E. 0. Gaeckley,
Thomas Holmden— l-Sth Ward. J. M. McKinstry, J. M. Curtiss— 14th
Ward, Ferd. Svoboda, F. H. Barr- 15th Ward, A. A. AxteU, J. W.
Grimshaw— 16th Ward, William Sabin, Henry Ford— 17th Ward, C. D.
Everett, A. H. Stone— 18th Ward, E. D. Sawyer, George C. Hickox; so-
hcitor, William Heisley: treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F.
3Iorse: clerk, JohnL. Mcintosh: auditor. T. Jones, Jr. ; street commis-
sioner, J. G- Vetter: superintendentof markets, Edward RusseU; poUce
judge, P. F. Toimg: police clerk, Frank E. McGinness; police prosecut-
ing attorney, M . A. Foran : superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt ; pres-
i dent of Are commissioners, Joseph Tumey ; chief of Are department,
J. A. Bennett.

1877. Mayor, WiUlam G. Rose: president of council, Charles D. Ev-
erett; trustees — 1st Ward, T. M. Warner, J. Strlebmger— 2nd Ward, G.
W. Gardner. David Morison— 3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, C. 0. Schellentra-
ger— 4th Ward, Thomas H. White, P. M. Spencer— 5th Ward, Joseph
Keary, Thomas ReUley— 6th Ward, J . T. Watterson, S. M. Carpenter —
7th Ward, E. AngeU, W. C. B. Richardson— 8th Ward, D. J. Lawler, C. L.
Russell— 9th Ward, W. A. Jlorris, Frank Leonard — 10th Ward, W. E.
Sherwood, Andrew Cant — 11th Ward, M. Hipp, George Warner — 12th
Ward, T. Holmden. F. G. Kaufholz— 13th Ward, J. M. Cuitiss, L P. Lam-
son— 14th Ward, F. H. Barr, H. F. Hoppensack— 15th Ward, J. W. Grim-
shaw, Charles Strever- 16th Ward, Henry Ford, A. K. Spencer— 17th

Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone- 18th Ward, George C. Hickox, William
Jones; solicitor, W. Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B.
"V. Morse; clerk. J. L. Mcintosh; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commis-
sioner, .T, Bittel: superintendent of markets, Cenrad Beck; police judge,
R. D. UpdegrafE; police clerk, O. S. Gardner; police prosecuting attor-
ney, V. H. Birney; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; president
ot Are commissionrs, Joseph Tumey : chief of Are department, J. A.
Bennett.

1878. Mayor, William G. Hose; president of council, Charles D.
Everett; tmstees— 1st Ward, T. :\r. Warner, Jacob Striebinger— 3nd
Ward, George W. Gardner, David Morison — 3rd Ward, C. C. Schellen
trager, George W. Segur— 4th Ward, P. M. Spencer, Edgar Decker— 5th
Ward, Thomas Reilley, J. Jackson Smith— 6th Ward, S. M. Carpenter
V A ' Gilbert— 7th Ward, W. C. B. Richardson, Arthur Devine— 8th
Ward, C. L. Russell, John Darragh- 9th Ward, Frank Leonard, H. M.
Townsend— 10th Ward, Andrew Cant. C. B. Clark-llth Ward, George
Warner. Robert M. Cordes— 12th Ward, F. G. Kaufholz, Prank Eieley-
1.3th Ward, J. M. Curtiss. J. P. Lamson— 14th Ward, H. F. Hoppen.sack,
Ferd. Eggers— 15th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw. Charles Strever— 16th Ward.
A. K. Spencer, Alva J. Smith— 17th Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone—
18th Ward, William Jones, WllUam H. Lutton; snUcitor, William Heisley;
treasurer.' S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse: clerk, W. H. Eck-
man- auditor. Henry Ford; street commissioner. Jacob Bittell; super-
intendent of markets, Conrad Beck; president of board of poUce, W. 6.
Rose; judge of police court. R. D. UpdegrafE; poUce clerk, O. S. Gard-
ner; police prosecuting att?rney. U. H. Biraey; superintendent of
pohce. Jacob W. Schmitt ; president of board of Are commissioners, W.
H. RadclifEe ; chief of Are department, J. A. Bennett.

1879. Mayor, R. R. Herrick; president of councU, G. W. Gardner;
trustees— 1st Ward, T. M. Warner, Chas. Bumside— 2nd Ward, Geo. W.
Gardner, David Morison— 3rd Ward, Geo. W. Segur, C. C. Schellen-
trager — 1th Ward, Edgar Decker, P. M. Spencer— 5th Ward, J. J. Smith,
Thos. Reilley— 6th Ward, X. A. Gilbert, J. B. Glenn— 7th Ward, Arthur
Devine, H. Bowley— 8th Ward, John Darragh, E. Cowley— 9th Ward, H.
M. Townsend, Franklin Leonard— 10th Ward, C. B. Clark, G. L. Luce—

! 11th Ward, C. H. Salisbury, Milton A. Gross— 12th Ward, T. P. O'Shea,
Henry Hoffman- 13th Ward, J. M. Curtiss, T F. Branch— 14th Ward,
Frank Buettner, T. G. Clewell— 15th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw, A. A.
AxteU— 16th Ward, Albert Barnitz, A. K Spencer— 17th Ward, A H.
Stone, W. F. Walworth— 18th Ward, W. H. Lutton, W. H. Lamprecht;
solicitor, WUiiam Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F.
"Morse; clerk, W. H. Eckman; auditor, Henry Ford; street commis-
sioner, Frank Eieley; superintendent of markets, Conrad Beek; police
judge, P. F. Young: police clerk, William Baxter; police prosecuting
attorney, A. H. Lewis; superintendent of police, J. W, Schmitt; presi-
dent of Are commissioners, W. H. Radcliffe; chief of Are department, J.
A. Bennett.

SUPERIOR COURT OF CLEVELAND.

The Arst court of this name was organized in 1848, and abolished by
the constitution of 1850.

Sherlock J. Andrews was the only judge.

Another court of the same name, with three judges, was established
in 1873 and abolished in 1875; three judges being then added to the court
of common pleas.

The judges of the superior court were Gershom M. Barber, Seneca 0.
Griswold and James M. Jones.

POSTMASTERS AT CLEVELAND— PTitft the Years of Appointment.

Elisha Korton, 1805; John Walworth, 1806; Ashbel W. (Talworth, 1812;
Daniel Kelley, 1816; Irad Kelley, 1816; Daniel Worley, 18.30: Aaron Bar-
ker, 1840; Benjamin Andrews, 1841 ; Timothy P. Spencer,1846; Daniel M.
Haskell, 1849; I. U. Gray, 1853; Benjamin Harrington, 1857; Edwin
Cowles, 1861; George A Benedict, 1865: John W. Allen, 1870; N. B. Sher.
win, 1875.

COLLECTORS AT CLEVELAND— PTj a Years of Appointtaent.

John Walworth, January 17, 1806; Ashbel W. Walworth, 1812; Samue]
Starkweather, 1829; George B. Merwin, 1840; William Miltord, 1841 ; Smith
Inglehart, 1845; C. L. Russell, 1849; Robert Parks, 1853; B. BrowneU,
1860; Charles L. Ballard, April, 1861; John C. Grannis. April, 1865; Pen-
dleton G. Watmough, 1869; George W. Howe, 1877.

C^t-^^^^

^(^-/C

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.

337

CHAPTEK LXVI.

BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES.

J, W. Allen— S. J. Andrews— W, W. Armstrong— E. I. Baldwin— Me-
lancthon Barnett— G. A, Benedict— H. F. Biggar- Willam Bowler—
Alva Bradley— Francis Branch— Gains Burk— Stevenson Burke— Leon-
ard Case— Selah Chamberlain— Heniy Chisholm— William Ghisholm
— Ahira Cobb— J. M. Cofflnberry— William Collins— E. W. Cowles—
Edwin Cowles— Samuel Cowles— D. W. Cross— John Crowell.

JOHN W. ALLEN.

John W. Allen was born in Litchfield, Connecticut,
in 1803. He resided in Chenango county, ISfew York,
from 1820 to 1835, when he removed to Cleveland,
where he has ever since lived. He was admitted to
the bar the next year, and for several succeeding
years was engaged in the active practice of his pro-
fession.

In 1831 Mr. Allen was elected president of the vil-
lage of Cleveland, and was re-elected each of the suc-
ceeding four years. During this time a great amount
of grading and cutting down streets was done to
facilitate access to and from the river; causing loud
complaints from many property-owners, who thought
nature had already arranged the grades about right.
In 1835 he was chosen to the State senate, in which
he served two years. In 1836 he was elected to Con-
gress, taking his seat at the extra session called in
September, 1837, and in 1838 was re-elected. In
1841 he was elected mayor of the city of Cleveland.

Looking ahead to the probable necessities of the
future, while in the legislature, he procured the pas-
sage of an act to incorporate the "Cleveland, Colum-
bus & Cincinnati Kailroad Company," but the
memorable financial collapse of 1837, extending
through several subsequent years, prevented action
upon it. In 1846 the subject was revived, and after
many struggles the company was organized, and Mr.
Allen was chosen the first president.

About that time "The State Bank of Ohio" was
authorized, with branches in the principal towns of
the State; five commissioners being appointed to ex-
amine the applications, ascertain the means of the
applicants, and determine whether the law had been
complied with. Mr. Allen was selected as one of
these commissioners.

Another subject on which he was long and earnestly
employed was the settlement of the claims of Ohio in
regard to the public lauds. At an early day Congress
had gi'anted to the State of Ohio every alternate sec-
tion of the public lands for five miles in width, on
each side of the line of the jjroposed Maumee canal,
in aid of its construction, and had also granted half a
million acres in aid of the Ohio canal, on which
there were no public lands. This latter land was to
be selected out of any unsold public territory. In
making the selections of these lands, many mistakes
wei'e made through ignorance or carelessness, and
many tracts to which the State had no claim were
sold the occupants of which were liable to be dis-
possessed at any moment.

The State had made two or three settlements with
the general government, and its officers had thrice
acknowledged satisfaction in full, but Mr. Allen,
beheving that some of the rules on which settlement
was made were grossly erroneous, proposed to the
legislature, in the winter of 1849-50, to make a
thorough examination and revision of the whole busi-
ness. That body consented, and the governor, under
its authority, appointed Mr. Allen as the agent to do
the work. Eor his compensation he was to have one
third of any additional lands he might obtain; the
State in no event to be called on for expenses of any
kind.

By getting the rules governing che former settle-
ment modified or reversed, and thereby extending
the scope of the grants, and by securing two acts of
Congress, the last ceding to the State not only all
the lands erroneously selected, but all the scattered
remnants of government land in the State, Mr.
Allen added one hundred and twenty thousand acres
to the amount pi-eviously admitted by the govern-
ment to belong to Ohio — and secured a perfect title to
every acre of it. To accomplish this required five
years of time, and involved a heavy outlay for ex-
penses.

Unfortunately for Mr. Allen, during all this time
the State officers had gone on selling land, and when
he had finished his work there was but little left,
and that of slight value. After years of painful delay,
he was compelled to take in money about one-sixth
part of what his third of the land would hare been
worth had it been conveyed to him as agreed. This
is the only case of practical repudiation with which
the great State of Ohio stands chargeable, so far as
now known.

In 1870 Mr. Allen was appointed post master of
Cleveland, and was re-appointed in 1874, but resigned
the position the following year.

Mr. Allen was married, at Warren, Ohio, to Miss
Anna Maria Perkins, who died the succeeding year.
In 1830 he was married, at Lyme, Connecticut, to
Miss Harriet C. Mathew, who is still living.

Among the enterprising and energetic young men
who lived in Cleveland in its early days, no one was
more conspicuous or more serviceable in advancing
the interests of the village and city than the subject
of this sketch, according to the testimony of Cleve-
land's oldest and most reliable inhabitants.

SHERLOCK J. ANDREWS.

This gentleman, a son of Dr. John Andrews, was
born in Wallingford, New Haven county, Connecti-
cut, on the 17th of ISTovember, 1801. His father was
a prominent physician of Wallingford, and in later
years was a resident of Cleveland. The younger An-
drews pursued his preparatory studies at the Episco-
pal academy at Cheshire, Connecticut, and subse-
quently entered Union college at Schenectady, New
York, whence he was graduated in 1831.

328

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

Subsequently he was employed as private secretary
and assistant in chemistry by Professor Silliman, a
relation which proved equally satisfactory to both.
Professor Silliman says of him in his diary: "He was
a j'oung man of a vigorous and .active mind, energetic
and quick in his movements and decisions, with a
Tyarm heart and genial temper; of the best moral and
social habits; a quick and skillful penman; an agree-
able inmate of my family, in which we made him
quite at home. * * * He continued about four
years, serving with ability and the zeal of an affection-
ate son. without whom I could scarcely have retained
my place in the college. "

During the above engagement Mr. Andrews had
studied law at the New Haven law school, and in 1835
he removed to Cleveland where, after obtaining ad-
mission to the bar, he commenced the practice of his
profession in company with Judge Samuel Cowles.
In 1828, he married Miss Ursula Allen of Litchfield,
Connecticut, daughter of John Allen, a member of
congress from that State, and sister of Hon. John
W. Allen, of Cleveland.

Soon after the retirement of Mr. Cowles, Mr. An-
drews formed a partnership with John A. Foot, Esq.,
to which in 1837 Mr. .James M. Hoyt, was admitted,
the firm being Andrews, Foot and Hoyt, for many
years among the most successful genei'al practitioners
in northern Ohio. In 1840 he was elected to repre-
sent the Cleveland district in Congress and served one
term, after which he was obliged, on account of im-
paired health, to retire from public life and from the
most active part of professional duty. He continued,
however, to act as counsel and advocate in important
cases until 1848, when he was elected judge of the
superior court of Cleveland. In 1850 he was chosen
a member of the convention to form the new consti-
tution of Ohio, and rendered valuable service as a
member of the committees on judiciary, revision and
temperance.

The new constitution having revised the judiciary
system and dispensed with the superior court. Judge
Andrews resumed his legal practice. In 1873 he was
again chosen one of the members of the convention to
revise the constitution of the State, having received the
nominations of both the Eepublican and Democratic
parties. His ripe experience and superior ability
were here called into lequisition to aid in the im-
provement of the judiciary system. He was made
chairman of the committee having this matter in
charge, a position which he filled in the most satis-
factory manner.

Judge Andrews early won great celebrity as an advo-
cate, and for forty years held a place in the front rank
of the bar of Ohio. In a cause in which he was satis-
fied that he had justice and the law on his side, there
was not an advocate in the State whose arguments

were more nearly irresistible before a jury. He was
unsurpassed in the use of those weapons so effective
in debate — logic, sarcasm, wit, ridicule and pathos,
without ever descending to coarseness or invective.
His legal opinions have ever been held in very high
esteem, being distinguished for clear conceptioHS of
the principles of law in their varied relations to prac-
tical life, and evincing rare ability in judging as to
the probable verdict of a jury on mixed questions of
law and fact. Eminent for legal learning, he com-
bined with accurate knowledge of precedents unfailing
discernment of the underlying principles which in-
vested them with lasting value. As a jury lawyer,
Judge Andrews is permanently identified with the
traditions of the bar and the history of legal practice
in northern Ohio.

The older lawyers still cherish vivid recollections of
many cases when he was in full practice, in which his
insight into character, his power to sift testimony
and bring into clear relief the lines of truth, his abili-
ty to state legal principles so as to be clearly compre-
hensible by the jury, his humor, his wit, his pathos,
his scorn of fraud, and his impetuosity in advocacy of
the right, were all combined with such incisive ut-
terance and such felicitous illustration as to make the
deepest and most lasting impression upon all his hear-
ers. By universal consent he was recognized as hav-
ing few equals and no superior.

As a judge he commanded the highest respect of
aJl. His decisions were never influenced by personal
or political predeleetions, and were given entirely ac-
cording to the merits of the case and the requirements
of the law. There is but a single record of any re-
versal of his deeisions by a higher court, and that
was owing solely to a clerical error made in the clerk's
office.

In politics he took little active part. Although
constantly identified with the Whig and Republican
parties, his habitual conservatism prevented the ap-
proval by him of any rash or extreme measures.

Judge Andrews has through his long and active
life commanded the highest respect as a man, a citi-
zen, and a friend. We quote the following tribute
by a life-long associate to his many excellent quali-
ties: "Highly as Judge Andrews has adorned his
profession, it is simply just to say that his unblem-
ished character in every relation has equally adorned
his manhood. He has ever been more than a mere
lawyer. With a keen relish for historical and philo-
sophical inquiry, a wide acquaintance with literature,
and an earnest sympathy with all true progress in the
present age, his life has also been practically subor-
dinated to the faultless morality of Christianity. A
community is truly enriched when it can present to
its younger members such shining instances of suc-
cess in honorable endeavor, and such sterling excel-
lence in character and example."

YiC-^C^ '^^(^rc-'^z^ W

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

329

WILLIAM W. ARMSTRONG.

William W. Armstrong, the editor-in-chief of the
Cleveland Plain Dealer, and the president and prin-
cipal stockholder of the Plain Dealer Printing Com-
pany, was born at New Lisbon, Columbiana county,
Ohio, in the year 1833. In 1848, at the age of fifteen,
he became an apprentice in a printing office at Tiffin,
the county seat of Seneca county. He worked at his
chosen occupation until 1853, when his activity and
ability caused him, though only nineteen years old,
to be appointed I'egistrar of the bank department of
the State treasurer's office, of which position he per-
formed the duties for two years to the entire satisfac-
tion of his superiors.

On retiring from the treasurer's office in 1854,
young Armstrong returned to Tiffin, purchased the
Seneca County Advertiser, published at that place,
■and entered on his majority and his editorial career
about the same time. The young editor being an ar-
dent Democrat, the Advertiser was conducted as a
Democratic organ of the strictest sect, and he being
also a vigorous writer and a good business manager
he soon made his paper a power in northwestern Ohio.
His strength in his party was manifested in 1862,
when, although still but twenty-nine years old, he was
elected by the Democracy secretary of State of Ohio.

After he had served one term of two years the
Republicans returned to power, and Mr. Armstrong
was again at liberty to resume his favorite pursuit of
journalism. He accordingly, in 1865, purchased the
material of the lately suspended Cleveland Plain
Dealer, and transferred his efforts to the metropolis
of northern Ohio. Owing to the death of the la-
mented J. W. Gray, and subsequent unskillful man-
agement, the Plain Dealer had been brought into a
very unfortunate condition, as was indicated by its
suspension. It is a severe task to revive a deceased
newspaper, yet Mr. Armstrong not only did that
but in a few years made the Plain Dealer one of the
leading newspapers of the West.

A clear, vigorous and ready writer, he naturally
took a bold, aggressive course, and neither friends nor
enemies ever had the slightest difficulty in knowing
exactly what he meant. He showed himself on all
occasions a Democrat of the old school of Jackson
and Benton, unswerving in favor of State rights,
home rale and hard money, and these time-honored
principles he was prepared to maintain against all op-
ponents.

His business management of the Plain Dealer has
been as sound as his political course has been vigorous;
he has raised it from the lifeless condition in which
he found it, until its circulation is now second only
to that of the Cincinnati Enquirer among the Demo-
cratic journals of Ohio, and its finances are in the
most flourishing condition. He has lately transferred
it to a stock company, but of that he is the president
and the directing power.

What he is in his office he is out of it, a man of de-
cided convictions and strong will, always a potent
42

force in the councils of his party and in the commu-
nity in which he resides.

ELBERT IRVING BALDWIN.

So far as circumstances go to make men what they
are, a happy combination of them is to have been
born in New England of a race possessing Puritan
blood and instincts; to have one's youth guided by
the wisdom of pious and judicious parents; to recieve
an education in the midst of those favorable influ.
ences that exist in Eastern college towns; to be trained
in business affairs by sturdy and capable merchants,
and then to remove in early manhood to the West,
where native generous impulses may be enlarged and
where the most comprehensive views will find ample
scope. Western cities are largely indebted for their
enterprise and thrift to the presence and influence of
such men, and Cleveland is especially favored in being
the home of many who not only add to its importance
as a commercial center, but contribute much to make
it "the most beautiful city west of the Alleghanies."
In the fall of 1853 the block on the corner of Supe
rior and Seneca streets was completed, the largest and
most important business building then in the city.
Here Messrs. E. I. Baldwin & Co. began the dry
goods business, the manager and active partner, El-
bert Irving Baldwin, coming hither from New York
to reside. He had spent his early life in New Haven,
Connecticut, where he was born in 1829, and where
he received the best educational advantages until
about nineteen years of age, when a more active life
seemed necessary, and he commenced his mercantilo
career with Sanford and Allen, a leading dry goods
house of that city. Determined to know by experi-
ence every phase of the business, ho "began at the be-
ginning" and passed through all grades to the position
of confidential clerk. Removing to New York city
in order to obtain a knowledge of more extended com-
mercial pursuits, he was there employed by the old
firm of Tracy, Irwin & Co.

When Mr. Baldwin came to Cleveland he found the
field well occupied, there being a very large number
of dry goods houses in the city, most of them doing
business on the old fashioned credit system, and fail-
ures of course being common. The outlook was not
favorable --the store he had engaged was said to be on
the "wrong side" of the street, older merchants pro-
phesied a speedy failure, and competition was strong
and unprincipled, going so far in its efforts to injure
the young merchant as to circulate false reports con-
cerning his credit. Yet his business constantly in-
creased, and in a few months was firmly established.
Its history from that period to the present time, has
been one of continued progress, every year witnessing
a marked increase over the former. From the begin-
ning this firm possessed the entire confidence of the
largest and best merchants in the East, and has never
been obliged to ask the slightest extension or favor in
the way of credit.

330

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

The first direct importation of foreign dry goods to
a Western city was made in 1857, by Messrs. Baldwin
& Co., and to them is largely due the introduction of
modern and improved methods of conducting business
which are now very generally adopted by all good
merchants. The rapid expansion of their retail busi-
ness, some years since, decided them to abandon the
general jobbing trade and devote more attention to
the distribution of goods among consumers, a stroke
of policy which proved eminently successful. Per-
haps no business requires greater talent to prosecute
with profit than the management of a large emporium
of dry goods. Natural ability, self-reliance, good
judgment and quick perception are necessary, and
must be supplemented by close application and un-
swerving integrity.

It is shown by the experience of this firm that an
establishment for the sale of merchandise can be so
conducted as to prove a pecuniary benefit to the city,
and a means of elevating the tastes of the community,
besides giving permanent and useful employment to
large numbers of persons, who are surrounded by
good influences, and instructed to regard honesty not
only as the "best policy " but as absolutely essential
to the holding of any position in the house.

During the first three years of the existence of the
firm, Mr. Silas I. Baldwin was associated with it as
capitalist, and in the selection of active partners Mr.
Baldwin has been extremely fortunate. Mr. Harry
E. Hatch is widely known in this connection, a man
of sterling worth and untiring energy, now represent-
ing the house in Europe.

Mr. Baldwin has never enjoyed vigorous health,
but he has been able to carry the burden of this large
business and has a thorough knowledge of its details.
Of a naturally retiring disposition, and with a distaste
for publicity, he has, while attending to the active
duties of his business, taken time to continue his ac-
quaintance with books, to cultivate his sesthetic tastes,
and to travel extensively in this country and in Eu-
rope. An attendant of the Second Presbyterian
church, of which he is an elder, he is not lacking in
liberality to promote its usefulness, and every philan-
thropic and Christian enterprise has his hearty and
generous sympathy.

Mr. Baldwin was married, in 1855, to Miss Mary
Jeannette Sterling, daughter of Oliver L. Sterling,
of Lima, Livingston county, New York. Pour of
their children are living^ the eldest, Elbert Francis
Baldwin, being connected with his father's firm.

MBLANCTnON BARNETT.
Melancthon Barnett came to Cleveland in 1835,
and for fifty-four years has been one of its best known
citizens, his prominence as a business man and pub-
lic official enduring to the day of his retirement
from active life. He was Ijorn in Amenia, New York, in

1789, and after a brisk experience in business in that
State, during which he became a successful merchant,
he removed in 1835 to Cleveland, in company with a
Mr. May, with whom he became associated in store-
keeijiug. In 1834 May & Barnett gave up their mer-
cantile business and embarked in land speculations,
which they carried on through many successful years.
In 1843 Mr. Barnett was chosen treasurer of Cuyahoga
county, and held the office continuously for six years;
attending meanwhile to his real estate business, and
also filling for a iiortion of that time the station of
justice of the peace.

Upon retiring from public office, he was called to
be a dii-ector of the City Bank. For several years
past he has been a dii-ector of the Merchants' National
Bank, and, although now aged upwards of ninety,
he is still active and visits the l)auk daily.

He was married at Cherry Valley, New York, in
1815, to Miss Mary Clark, who died in Cleveland in
1840. Of their five children, there survive but two,
Augustus Barnett, of Watertown, Wisconsin, and
Gen. James Barnett, a member of the hardware firm
of George Worthington & Co., of Cleveland.

GEORGE A. BENEDICT.

George A. Benedict, for many years editor-in-chief
of the Cleveland Herald, was a native of Jefferson
county. New York; having been born in Watertown
on the 5th of August, 1813. He was descended from
good revolutionary stock — his grandfathers, paternal
and maternal, having both served in the war of Inde-
pendence. His preparatory studies were pursued at
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, after which he entered Yale
College. While attending that institution he became
involved in the celebrated college rebellion of 1830,
and, with a large number of students, left without
graduating. Twenty-five years afterward the college,
without his knowledge, conferred on him the honor-
ary degree of A. M.

When about eighteen years of age he commenced
the study of law with Judge Robert Lansing, in
Watertown, finishing his studies in the office of
Sterling & Bronson. He was admitted to practice in
Now York, and in 1835 removed to Cleveland, where
he entered the office of Andrews & Foot, being also
for a short time in that of John W. Allen. He
was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts in 1836,
and immediately afterward formed a partnership
with John Erwin, under the firm name of Erwin &
Benedict. This partnership was dissolved after three
years, when Mr. Benedict formed a new one with
James K. Hitclicock; the firm of Benedict & Hitch-
cock continuing until 1848. In 1843 he was city attor-
ney, and the following year was a member of the city
council, being also made president of that body. In
1848 Mr. Benedict was appointed clerk of the supe-
rior court of Cleveland, but, on the adoption of the
new constitution, that court was abolished.

;%M^

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

331

Mr. Benedict then purchased an interest in the
Cleveland Herald, becoming a copartner with Messrs.
J. A. Harris and A. W. Fairbanks. This arrange-
ment continued for several years until, upon the re-
tirement of Mr. Harris, Mr. Benedict became editor-
in-chief. His editorial career was characterized by
the expression of his honest convictions, hj a determ-
ination not to allow the cohimns of the paper to be
the vehicle of personal prejudice or private spite, and
by a desire tqbe just to all, no matter what differences
of opinion might exist. He gave, without exception,
any one who fancied himself aggrieved the oppor-
tunity of setting himself right, in a proper manner,
in the columns in which the alleged injury was com-
mitted. In addition to his editoral ability Mr. Ben-
edict was one of the few really good writers of occa-
sional newspaper letters, and during his absences from
home his letters to the Herald were looked for with
interest and read with pleasure.

Although taking a strong interest in political mat-
ters, as the editor of a political journal he uniformly
confined his attention to the journalistic feature of
politics and never sought nor desired political prefer-
ment. Formerly a member of the Whig party, be,
upon the formation of the Republican party, espoused
its principles and supported its organization.

In 1865 Postmaster-General Dennison, unsolicited,
tendered him the nomination as postmaster at Cleve-
land. Tlie office was accepted and held for one term.
He refused a reappointment, believing that it was
not best that the editor of a political journal should
hold a political office. In addition to his interest in
the Herald lie was a stockholder in several of the
manufacturing concerns of the city.

During the rebellion he was an earnest and energetic
supporter of the Union. His only son entered the
United States navy, and was in some of the most im-
portant work on the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of
Mexico.

Mr. Benedict died, suddenly, on the 12th of May,
1876, of heart disease. The news of his death was re-
ceived with unaffected sorrow by his business associates,
his employees and his large circle of devoted friends.
He had been a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church
from its organization, and for many years was con-
nected with its vestry. A liberal contributor to chari-
table and benevolent enterprises, an active promoter of
the best interests of the city, and a kind and considerate
associate and employer, he was respected and esteemed
by all with whom he was brought in contact. Warm
hearted, and far quicker to apologize and atone for
an injury to others than to take offense at one to him-
self, he had many friends and few enemies.

Mr. Benedict was married on the 12th day of June,
1839, to Sarah F. Rathbone, of Brownville, Jefferson
county. New York, by whom he had three children.
His only son, George S. Benedict, who after leaving
the naval service had become connected with the busi-
ness department of the Herald, was killed in a rail-
way accident on the 6th of February, 1871.

HAMILTON FI8K BIGGAR.

Dr. Hamilton F. Biggar was born in the village
of Oakville, Upper Canada, on the 15th of March,
1839. His grandfather, Robert Biggar, was a native
of Scotland, born in Dumfries, and a member of an
ancient and numerous family, the Biggars of Biggars-
town, Dumfries — the family being mentioned in
"Scottish Queens" as "ancient and of good repute."
He was educated for a clergyman of the Scotch church,
though he ultimately gave his attention to farming.
He married Mary Lander by whom he had eleven chil-
dren. His son, Hamilton Biggar, was born in Queens-
town, Canada, in 1806, served faithfully for many
years as a pastor of the Wesleyan Methodist Church,
from which, late in life, he was superannuated. He
married Eliza Phelps Racy, daughter of James Racy,
Esq., of Brantford, Ontario. They had a large fam-
ily of children, of whom the subject of this sketch is
the fourth.

Hamilton F. Biggar attended the public schools
until eleven years of age, when he was apprenticed to
the mercantile business with Richard Senior, of Ayre,
Canada. Not liking this, he left the shop and re-
turned to school for two years. He then attended for
one year a grammar school in Brantford, Ontario,
conducted by R. J. Tyner, M.A., after which he again
engaged in mercantile pursuits. Not finding this
business adapted to his tastes and abilities, he deter-
mined to obtain a thorough education, and at the
expiration of two years entered the University of
Victoria, at Coburg. Graduating from that institu-
tion as Bachelor of Arts, in 1863, he immediately af-
terwards commenced the study of law in the office of
John Cameron, Esq., of Brantford, and passed his
primary examination for a barrister-at-law, at Osgood
Hall, Toronto, Canada.

Abandoning his legal studies he at length decided
to enter the medical profession, and accordingly came
to Cleveland in the fall of 1864, entering the Homoso-
pathic College, from which he graduated in the spring
of 1866. He then attended for a time the principal
hospitals of New York and Philadelphia, after which
he returned to Cleveland, opened an office and en-
tered upon the practice of his profession. Before
graduating he received the appointment of adjunct
professor of surgery in the Homceopathic College,
and has subsequently held, at different times, other
important appointments in that institution. He was
a professor of anatomy and clinical surgery for seven
years, and then of clinical surgery with operations,
when he resigned. For many years he held the office
of registrar of the college, which he was also obliged
to resign on account of the multiplicity of his profes-
sional duties.

At the present time he occupies the chair of surgical
diseases of women and clinical surgery. For two
years in succession he was offered and declined the
cliair of surgery in the Homeopathic department of
the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. As a
physician and surgeon he has established a wide-spread

333

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

reputation, and is in the enjoyment of an extensive
practice. Of progressive ideas and energetic cliar-
acter, he lias invariably iierformed the duties of his
different appointments with equal energy and ability.
As a clinical lecturer he takes high ranli, and in Ihe
field of surgery is thoroughly at homo.

Sincetheopeningof the Workhouse in Cleveland Dr.
Biggar has had sole charge of the health of its inmates.
This is a large institution, and as its annual reports
show, not the least of its noticeable advantages over
other houses of its kind, is the possession of a medical
government which cannot be improved, as is proven
by results. In all charitable enterprises Dr. Biggar's
name is found as a conscientious worker; and that he
is the chief instigator and sujiporter of a very large
charity connected with his profession, is well known,
though his name does not so appear.

Dr. Biggar has, more than any other medical man
in Cleveland, advocated the I'aising of the standai'd of
medical education. Very liberal in his views, and wil-
lingly opening the way for all to attain a medical
education, he has yet faithfully endeavored to have
more stringent rules enforced, so that none conld
study medicine without a suitable preparatory educa-
tion; and, more than all, so that none should receive a
diploma from a college until lie had shown a right to
it founded on study and ability.

In politics he has taken but little interest, but is
active in the support of schools, as a means to that
higher education he so constantly advocates. He is
a member of Trinity (Episcopal) church, and as a
citizen he has earned and holds the respect of all.

WILLIAM BOWLER.

William Bowler was born in Cai-lisle, Schoharie
county, Xew York, on the 25th of March, 1822. His
..parents were of genuine Xew England stock. His
father, G. I. Bowler, was a native of jSuwport, Rhode
Island; was born in 1781, and died in Cleveland,
Ohio, in his eighty-eighth year. In early life he com-
manded a company of militia and always retained the
title of "Captain." He married Susan Barber, who
was born in iliddletown, Connecticut, in 1T82. They
had a family of fourteen children — seven boys and a
like number of girls — all of whom lived to the age of
manhood and womanhood.

In 1833 they removed to Ohio, and landed in Cleve-
land— coming from Buffalo on the lake — in ilay of
that year; subsequently settling in Auburn, Geauga
county.

The subject of this notice received his education in
the common and select schools of that town. On
leaving school he was apprenticed to learn the trade
of a tanner and currier, but never followed the busi-
ness after his apprenticeship expired. He also taught
school several terms. In 1851 he removed to Cleve-
land where he was first employed in a ship-yard,
as book-keeper for Calkins & Searle, and afterwards,
in the same capacity, for the old and well-known firm

of Quayle & Martin, which carried on an extensive
business from 1851 to 1858.

In the spring of 1858 he was elected appraiser of
the city of Cleveland west of the Cuyahoga river,
and filled that office in a most satisfactory manner.
In the meantime he kept books for the large marble
works of Myers, Uhl & Co. for two years, and in
1861 was appointed inspector and deputy collector of
customs for the river-office at the port of Cleveland.
This position he held seven years when he resigned.
His resignation was accepted Avitli regret, for the
duties of that office had been discharged in such a
manner as to gain the ajiprobation of all concerned.
In 1803 he entered into partnership with his broth-
er, X. P. Bowler, in the iron business, and they sub-
sequently received Thomas Maher as a member of tlie
firm. They owned a small foundry on Center street
which was called the " Cleveland Foundry" — a name
it still retains. Mr. N. P. Bowler and Mr. Maher
devoted their time entirely to the business and were
amply rewarded by the success which crowned their
efforts. The former attended to the office work; the
latter was a practical mechanic, and the unusual pros-
perity of the firm was in a great measure due to his
ability. He possessed great skill as a moulder and
understood melting and mixing the different kinds of
iron.

They soon purchased a block on Winter street,
where they erected a large brick shop, for making
soft or machine castings, and a car-wheel foundry.
In 1870 Mr. C. A. Brayton was admitted as a mem-
ber of the firm, and the business was carried on under
the firm name of Bowlers, Maher & Brayton. The
car-wheel foundry was enlarged so as to turn out from
sixty to one hundred wheels per day. In the spring
of 1868 Mr. Bowler purchased a third interest in the
Globe Iron Works, a large machine shop and foundry
situated on the west side of the river, which he dis-
■ posed of in February of the following year, and started
the firm of Lord, Bowler & Co. They first carried on
their business in a building on the corner of Colum-
bus and Center streets, but subsequently bought of
Messrs. Younglove & Massey the agricultural build-
ings on Center street, and immediately put up their
present shops, employing, in good times, about sixty
hands.

Lord, Bowler & Co. do all kinds of machine work,
but make a specialty of stationary engines, of which
they have manufactured a large number. Their
"Standard engine " is of a new style, superior in many
respects, and has been tested in various mechanical
industries with unexceptionably favorable results.
They built the engines for the Northern Ohio Insane
Asylum and the Workhouse in Cleveland; some large
ones for flouring mills in Bellevue and Shelby, Ohio,
and Hillsdale, Michigan; and a still larger one (four
hundred horse power) for the shops of the Standard
Oil Co., Cleveland.

Samuel Lord, the senior partner of the firm, has
been a resident of Cleveland for thirty years. He

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

333

possesses more than ordinary mechanical ability, and
was made foreman of the shops in which he learned
his trade, before his apprenticeship had expired. In
1854 he assisted in establishing the Globe Iron Works,
in which he owned an interest, and acted in capacity
of foreman until he became associated with Mr.
Bowler. J. H. Johnson, the third member of the
firm, is a practical machinist, and was employed in
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapo-
lis railroad shops for seventeen years previous to his
association with Lord, Bowler & Co. J. W. Pearce,
who has recently become a member of the establish-
ment, is a graduate of Greenwich Naval College,
England, and has been with the firm six years as
draughtsman and bookkeeper.

In addition to his other property Mr. Bowler has
the principal interest in the firm of Bowler & Bur-
dick, importers and wholesale dealers in jcwehy and
watches. They have a large trade; doing a yearly
business of from $50,000 to 175,000.

During the war Mr. Bowler was active and liberal
in support of the government. He furnished a sub-
stitute to the army without draft or forcing, and con-
tributed freely to the aid of soldiers and to their
families at home. Two of his brothers enlisted in the
service; Charles P. Bowler was in Company C of the
Seventh Ohio infantry, and was killed at the battle
of Cedar Mountain; and John R. Bowler was an
assistant paymaster in the navy.

For the past fifteen years he has been less active in
politics than during the previous quarter of a century,
though not neglecting any of the duties of a citizen.
He has transferred his active labors to the field of
benevolent work, in which he has done noble service.
The Bethel work has enlisted his sympathies and aid
to a considerable extent.

In 1854 Mr. Bowler united himself with the order
of Odd Fellows, entering Erie Lodge, No. 27, one of
the first in the State. He has always been one of the
most valued and trusted members of the order in this
locality.

For thir*;y-five years he has been a member of the
Disciple church. He served as Sunday school super-
intendent and was a liberal giver to this work, as well
as to the churches and other religious institutions.
He was also an active member of the Young Men's
Christian Association, and has frequently aided wor-
thy young men striving honorably for advancement,
many of whom in Cleveland revert with feelings of
gratitude to his kindness in the hour of need.
His success in life was the reSult of steady persever-
ance, prudent management and honest principle.

He has been a resident of Cleveland for nearly thirty
years; in social or business relations has always com-
manded the respect of those with whom he has been
brought in contact, and throughout life has borne an
unblemished reputation.

Mr. Bowler was married on the 30th of August,
1846, to Miss Mary B., daughter of Jedediah Hub-
bell, who died on the 19th of January, 1854. In Octo-

ber, 1855, he was married to Mrs. Annie Scarr, by
whom he had two children — Edith, who died in in-
fancy, and Frank W., his only living child. This lady
died on the 13th of July, 1863. He married his
present wife, Miss M. L. Robinson, on the 10th of
September, 1867.

ALVA BRADLEY.

Captain Alva Bradley, one of the leading ship-
owners of the West, has resided in Ohio since 1823
and in Cleveland since 1859. He was born of New
England parents November 27, 1814, in Ellington,
Tolland county, Connecticut, and when nine years
old accompanied his parents to Ohio; whither his
father, Leonard, turned his footsteps as to a place
offering richer inducements to the agriculturist than
could be found on the hills of New England. The
journey was made by wagon to Albany, thence by eanal
to within fifty miles of Buffalo, and from that place
on a sailing vessel, from which the family landed at
Cleveland in September, 1823. Without delaying in
the then embryo Forest City they passed on to Brown-
helm, Lorain county, and settled upon a farm. Alva
spent the years until he was nineteen in laboring up-
on his father's place — receiving but a limited school
education meanwhile — but becoming inclined for a
sailor's life, he left the farm and shipped aboard the
schooner "Liberty," of about fifty tons, owned by
Norman Moore and plying between Bufi'alo and other
Lake Erie ports.

A life on the lakes suited him so well that he de-
termined to stick to it. He sailed successively after
that on the "Young Leopard," "Edward Bancroft,"
"Express" and "Commodore Lawrence," and so
prospered that in 1841 he undertook, in company
with Ahira Cobb, now of Cleveland the construc-
tion of the schooner "South America" of one
hundred and four tons. They built her on the Ver-
million river, and Cajjtain Bradley, taking command,
sailed her in the Lake Ei'ie trade for the ensuing three
seasons. This venture in ship-building he followed
with others of a similar character, after transferring
the "South America" to his cousin, Sheldon Bradley7
who sailed her one season, and the next, with all on
board, went down with her in a storm.

Captain Bradley and Mr. Cobb built on the Ver-
million— after the "South America" — the sailing-
vessels "Birmingham," "Ellington" and "Oregon,"
and the steam propeller "Indiana," and Captain Brad-
ley successively commanded them. His last service
as a lake captain was performed on board the schoon-
er "Oregon," from which he retired in 1852, after a
continuous experience on the lakes, between Buffalo
and Chicago, of fiftefen years. In the last named year
he made his home at the mouth of the Vermillion,
where he continued the business of ship building,
solely, however, as heretofore, for the purpose of put-
ting the vessels into the lake trade on his own account
or in joint interest with others. In 1859 he changed

334

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

his residence to Cleveland, but continued ship build-
ing on the Vermillion nntil 1868, when he removed
his ship yards to Cleveland, Avhere between 1868 and
1874 he built twelve vessels — including those pro-
pelled by sail and steam.

As already observed, Captain Bradley placed his
vessels in trade as fast as constructed, and became in
the course of a brief time, an important ship owner.
He transacted a large and valuable business as a
freight carrier on the great lakes, and in that depart-
ment of commerce has been conspicuously identified
with the lake marine since 1841. His interests in
that line, now of considei-able magnitude, engage his
active attention, and he gives to all his undertakings
his closest personal supervision. He is of a truth one
of Cleveland's busiest workers, and, although verging
toward three score and ten, retains in a remarkable
degree the energy and watchfulness that have been
the principal causes of his success.

Captain Bradley's parents died in Brownhelm upon
the old homestead, where a brother and sister still
reside. He was married in 1851 to Miss Ellen M.^
daughter of John Burgess, of Milan, Ohio, and of
the children born to them there survive one sou and
three daughters.

FRANCIS BRANCH.

Francis Branch, son of Seth and Rachael (Hurd)
Branch, was born on the 5th of June, 1812, at Middle
Haddam, Connecticut. His father, Setli Branch,
was a native of the same place, having been born on
the 31st of Marcli, 1779, and having been mai-ried in
1805 to Rachael Hurd. He removed to Ohio in 1818,
and settled on what is now known as Brooklyn Hights,
Cleveland. There were but few houses in the neigh-
borhood at that time, and Mr. Branch was considered
very fortunate in securing shelter for his family iu
the home of Judge Barber, until a dwelling could be
erected. His trade was that of a ship-carpenter,
which he, however, did not follow after coming West;
being engaged in clearing and cultivating his farm.
He died on the 11th of August, 1825, at the prema-
ture age of forty-six; leaving as a legacy to his family
only tlieir home in the forest and a name respected
by all. He had five children born in Connecticut,
viz: John S., born January 9, 1806; Mary, born
October 21, 1807; Susan M., born May 5, 1810;
Francis, the subject of this notice, and Jane, born
March 4, 1815. Of these, Mary and Susan M. died
in infancy, and two other children .born in Ohio re-
ceived their names, viz: Mary H., born December 21,
1817, and Susan M., born September 3, 1832.

Francis Branch remained at home until the death
of his father, after which he was apprenticed to a
ship-carpenter; John, his elder brother, taking charge
of the farm. He followed this trade until 1837. In
that year he was married (on the 21st of October) to
Sarah Slaght, daughter of Abraham D. Slaght, and,
his brother dying, he soon afterward removed to the |

homestead on Brooklyn Hights. He then engaged in
agriculture and dairying; meeting with fair success in
both. He was also one of the first milk-sellers in that
locality, and, after a time, carried on quite an exten-
sive traflBc in that line.

In 1850 Mr. Branch sold the farm, which bad be-
come quite valuable, and in May, 1851, i-emoved to a
residence on Scranton avenue, where he lived until
his death, which occurred on the. 4th of November,
1877.

Mr. Branch was eminently a self-made man. Los-
ing his father when only fourteen years old, he was
thus thrown upon his own resources, and with a lim-
ited education acquired a fortune and won an honor-
able place in the community. He was Republican in
politics, and held various township oflRces, besides
serving three terms as county commissioner. In pub-
lic improvements he always took an active interest,
and was a liberal contributor to all local enterprises.
Throughout life he maintained a high character for
integrity and honor, while his many excellent quali-
ties and unassuming manners won the respect of all.
Mr. and Mrs. Branch have but one child^-Josephine
L., born November 10, 1838. She was married to
J. S. Hartzell on the 20th of May, 1865. They also
have an adopted son, who was born May 28, 1849,
and was married November 8, 1876, to Miss Mary A.
Cornwall, of Cleveland.

GAIUS BURK.

The father of Gains Burk was among the first of
that little band of hardy pioneers who penetrated into
northern Ohio about the beginning of the nineteenth
century, and of its wilderness made a fruitful garden.
The youth and early manhood of Gains were passed
amid the struggles and hardships of the frontier,
while his entire life, save ten of its earliest years,
was closely identified with the rise and growth of
Cuyahoga county, which was yet a thing of the
future when the boy of ten set foot in Ohio.

He was born of old New England stock, in North-
ampton, Massachusetts, June 21, 1791, and thence
journeyed at a tender age with his parents to Her-
idmer county. New York. Sylvanus Burk, his
father, was a farmer, and, turning a wistful eye
toward the great West, which was then beginning to
invite attention to its boundless acres, he determined
to be a Western pioneer. Setting out from his New
York home with his wife and ten children, bestowed
in a two-horse wagon, he steered his course for Cleve-
land, and traveled without eventful incident until
Erie was reached, when, one of his horses dying, he
abandoned the highway, and with all his family save
two children — Gaius and a daughter — whom he left
in care of Reed, the Erie landlord, he made the rest
of the trip via Lake Erie in an open boat. Without
tarrying long in Cleveland they proceeded to Euclid,
where, in the spring of 1802, they received the two
children who had remained at Erie — the little ones

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

335

having made the journey frotn that place across the
country on liorseback, in company with a band of
Western travelers.

Once more complete, the family were soon again on
the move, turning toward what is now Independence
township, in which they were the first white settlers,
and in which, it may be remarked, they were all
prostrated on tlie same day, soon after their arrival,
with fever and ague. This was emphatically a dis-
heartening commencement, but they bore it doubt-
less with the philosophic resignation common to pio-
neer days. A three-years stay in Independence, how-
ever, brought a desire for a change of location, and so,
in 1805, they moved to what is now the village of
Newburg, where Mr. Burk purchased one hundred
acres of land for which he agreed to pay two dollars
and a half an acre. This payment his two sons,
Brazilla B. and Gaius, undertook to make for him
by carrying the government mail over the route from
Cleveland to Hudson, Deerfield and Ashtabula.
Gaius was a lad of fourteen and his brother but a
trifle older, and that they had the spirit to undertake
and the courage to fulfil the arduous task is con-
vincing proof that the pioneer boys were composed of
the material that made men, and men too of the sort
much needed then. Once a week for three years the
boys carried the mail afoot, and dunng their entire
term of service faithfully performea every detail of
their contract, albeit their journeys were not only
laborious and tiresome ones through an almost un-
broken wilderness, but were beset moi'cover with suf-
ficient dangers to appal much older persons.

After completing his mail contract Gaius busied
himself at clearing land, and it was while engaged in
that work, in 1815, that by the fall of a tree upon
him he lost his leg, and was otherwise so crippled that
ever after he was deprived also of the use of his right
arm. Discouraged, mayhap, but not disheartened,
he set himself thereafter to do the best he could, and,
entering the public arena, was chosen constable. His
services were appreciated, his popularity waxed strong,
and after serving as collector under Treasurer Baldwin
for several years, he was in 1828 elected county treas-
urer for two years, (being the second to hold that oflBce)
and at the expiration of that time was re-elected for
another term.

Mr. Burk was a man of decided intelligence and
unswerving integrity, and kept in every respect not
only abreast but ahead of the time in which he lived.
The Whig party claimed his staunch adherence until
its dissolution, and after that he was a faithful fol-
lower of Republicanism, to whose principles he
was attached until his death. Having by active par-
ticipation in the events which marked the wonderful
progress of his adopted home, earned the luxury of
rest, he passed the evening of his life upon the old
homestead in Newburg in quiet ease, and died there
on the 20th of August, 1865, where his father and
mother had passed away before him.

He was married in 1819 to Sophia, daughter of

Philo Taylor, a pioneer settler of Rockport as well as
of Dover. Of the seven children born of the union,
the four survivors are Oscar M. and Augustus M.,
chief proprietors of the Lake Shore Foundry in
Cleveland, and Lucy J. Webster and Helen Burke,
both i-esiding in Kansas. The eldest son, Harvey,
was elected treasurer of Cuyahoga county in 1860,
and died in 1861, while holding that office. A daugh-
ter, Mrs. Justina M., wife of Dr. P. H. Worley, died
in Davenport, Iowa, in 1875.

STEVENSON BURKE.

Hon. Stevenson Burke was born in St. Lawrence
county. New York, November 26, 1826. In March,
1834, his father removed from New York to Ohio, ■
and settled in North Ridgeville, Lorain county,
where he resided till the time of his decease, in Au-
gust, 1 875. The subject of this sketch had in early life
such facilities as the common schools of the time
afforded, which consisted of about ninety days of very
indifferent instruction in the winter, and none during
the rest of the year. At about the age of sixteen he
had the benefit of instruction in a very good select
school at Ridgeville Center; afterwards he studied
several terms in a private school, conducted by T. M.
Oviatt, at Elyria. Later still, he studied a year or so
at Delaware University, and at Delaware, in 1846, he
began the study of law with Messrs. Powell &, Buck.
In the spring of 1848 he returned to Elyria and com-
pleted his studies, preparatory to admission to the bar,
under the instruction of Hon. H. D. Clark, being ad-
mitted by the supreme court on the 11th of August,
1848, when he commenced practice at Elyria. In
April, 1849, Mr. Clark, who was then one of the most
prominent and successful lawyers at the bar of Lorain
county, admitted him into a copartnership, which
continued till May, 1852.

We have thus in a few lines sketched the career,
until the time when he commenced the practice of the
law alone, of one who for more than twenty-five years
has occupied a very prominent position at the bar in
northern Ohio. Prom 1852 to February, 1862, Mr.
Burke devoted himself to the practice of his profession
with su^ zeal and devotion to the interests of his
clients, as to merit and command success. There
were few cases tried in the court of common pleas or
district court of Lorain county, or in the supreme
court, taken from Lorain county, in which he was not
engaged. His industry and attention to business
were quite remarkable. He spent no time in idle-
ness, and his patrons were always sure to find him
in his office in business hours, unless engaged in
his duties elsewhere. His close attention to business
and sedentary habits seriously affected his health, and
in 1861 he found it so very much impaired as to
render a change of occupation necessary; and his
friends having secured his election as one of the
judges of the court of common pleas of the fourth
judicial district of Ohio, he gave up his practice

336

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

and entered upon the discharge of his duties as
judge.

After serving a term of firo years to the satisfaction
of the bar and the people, he was again elected in 1866
to the same office. He served, however, but two years
of his second term, when, having i-egained his health,
he resigned his position as judge, on the 1st of Jan-
uary, 1869, and at once commenced the practice of law
in Cleveland, in partnership with Hon. F. T. Backus
and E. J. Estep, Esq. Mr. Backus died in 1870, bnt
the partnership with Mr. Estep continued until the
spring of 18T5, since when Judge Burke has practiced
alone. His practice in Cleveland has been a very suc-
cessfnl one. He has been constantly engaged in the
courts and in his office, and during the last ten years
has probably tried as many cases of importance, involv-
ing large amounts of money or property, as any lawyer
in northern Ohio. He has during that period argued
many cases in the supreme court of the State of Ohio,
several in the United States supreme court, and also
in the supreme courts of adjoining States. The history
of the profession in northern Ohio furnishes few ex-
amples of a more successful practice.

In addition to his professional business, Judge
Burke has devoted much attention to other matters;
he is now, and has been for several years past, a
director, aud chairman of the finance and executive
committee, of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati
and Indianapolis Railway Company, and is its general
counsel. He has held for several years and still holds
the position of director, general counsel, and cliairman
of the finance and executive committee, of the Cleve-
land and Mahoning Valley Railway Company, and he
,is also the representative in this country of all the
stock of the last-named company; it being owned in
Europe. He is likewise the representative of the own-
ers of the stock of the Shenango and Allegheny Kail-
i-oad Company, and also of the Mercer Mining and
Manufacturing Company, and a director in both of the
last-named companies. He has been for some time a
director of the Cincinnati, Springfield and Indian-
apolis and the St. Louis railroad companies. He has
also for several years been a director of the Lake Shore
Foundry, and a director and the president of the Cleve-
land and Snow Fork Coal Company, both large cor-
porations.

The foregoing is a brief outline of an extremely ac-
tive professional and business life. It is too earlv yet
to compare the subject of this sketch with others, or
to go into detail in regard to his professional, judicial
and business career; he is still in the prime of life.
Time has dealt gently with him, and his appearauce
indicates that he has many years of activity still be-
fore him.

LEONARD CASE.

The name of Leonard Case will long be held in
grateful remembrance in the city of Cleveland, to

the early prosperity of which he was an active con-
tributor, and for the benefit of which so much of the
property he acquired has lately been devoted through
the generosity of his son bearing the same name.
He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylva-
nia, on the 30th of July, 1784. In the year 1800
he accompanied his father to Trumbull county,
Ohio, where the latter located on a farm near
Warren. Young Leonard was then sixteen 3'ears of
age, and, fis the eldest son, assumed, in the invalid
condition of liis father, the chief management of
aSairs on the farm.

A very severe illness left the youth a cripple in 1801,
and seeing, therefore, that his days as a farmer were
over, lie turned his attention to educating himself as
a surveyor. By the aid of means gained by such
mechanical labors as lie could perform, he acquired
from books a fair knowledge of the business.
In 1806 ho obtained employment in the land com-
missioner's office at Warren, where his efforts won
him favorable notice, and created valued friends, Mr.
John D. Edwards, recorder of the county, being one
of the most steadfast. Lender his advice young Case
acquired sufficient knowledge of the law to be admit-
ted to the bar.

During the war of 1812 Mr. Case was appointed to
collect the taxat of non-residents on the Western
Reserve, aud in 1816 was called to Cleveland to be
cashier of the newly organized Commercial Bank of
Lake Erie. To his banking business he added
the occupations of lawyer and land agent. After
leaving the bank he devoted himself assiduously
to the pursuits just named, and after 1834 gave all
his time to the land business, in which he acquired a
very large fortune. Mr. Case took a warm interest in
the progress of Cleveland, contributed liberally to all
public improvements, and is said to have begun the
work of planting the trees, the luxuriant foliagfe of
which now so pleasantly shade the thoroughfares of
the Forest City. From 1821 to 1825 he was presi-
dent of Cleveland village, and was the first auditor of
Cuyahoga county. He was a warm advocate of the
canals in the State legislature, and was one of the
projectors of the Cleveland, Columbus aud Cincinnati
railway.

His fortune increased with his age, bnt it did not,
as in so many cases, harden his heart or close his
hand, and every good cause found in him a generous
friend. He died on the 7th of December, 1864, leav-
ing a very large amount of both real and personal
estate, which passed to his only surviving son, also
named Leonard Case. That the latter has inherited
his father's disposition, as well as his name and prop-
erty, is shown by many acts, and especially by his
crowning gift of the "Case building," valued at three
hundred thousand dollars, to the Cleveland Library
Association— a gift seldom equaled in the annals of
private munificence.

BlOGRAPmCAL SKETCHES.

33 1

SELAH CHAMBERLAIN.

This gentlemen is of English descent, and was born
in Brattleboro, Vermont, on the 4th of May, 1813.
His father, also named Sekh Chamberlain, was a na-
tive of that place and by occupation a farmer. He
received a good education in his native town and, at
the age of twenty-one, entered a grocery store in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, where he remained two years.

He then removed to western Pennsylvania and en-
gaged in the construction of the Erie extension of
the Pennsylvania canal, and afterward of the Ohio
and Pennsylvania canal. By prudent and sagacious
management he soon became enabled to enlarge his
operations, and next obtained contracts on the Wa-
bash and Erie canal. In 1845 he removed to Canada,
and during two years was engaged on the canal im-
provements on the St. Lawrence river. At the expi-
ration of his connection with that work he returned
to Vermont and established the firm of Chamberlain,
Strong & Co. This firm had the largest portion of
the contract for the building of the Eutland and Bur-
lington railroad, connecting Boston with the lakes,
and the entire management of its construction.
While carrying on this work Mr. Chamberlain
also became prominently interested in the construc-
tion of the Ogdensburg and Rouse's Point (now
Lake Champlain) railroad.

In 1849 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and took
the entire contract for the construction of the Cleve-
land and Pittsburg railroad, which was successfully
completed in 1851. Subsequently he was engaged
for several years in railroad-building in the West and
Northwest, mainly in Wisconsin, Minnesota and
Iowa. One of the principal lines constructed by him
was the Lacrosse and Milwaukee railroad, which he
operated under lease or mortgage until the bond-
holders reimbursed him in full. He also constructed
the Minnesota Central railroad, and afterward became
largely interested in it and the president of the com-
pany owning it.

His latest work in that line was the building of the
Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley railroad, of which
he was the largest stockholder, as well as sole con-
tractor. In addition to these railroad operations he
was also connected with other important industrial
enterprises. He was a large stockholder and also
president of the Cleveland Trausportation Company,
an organization which he was mainly instrumental in
forming.

He was a director of the Cleveland Iron-Mining
Company, in which he held a heavy interest. In
1871 he established a general banking-house, under
the name of Chamberlain, Gorham & Perkins, which
soon became widely known as one of the most sub-
stantial banking firms in the State. In 1873 the Res-
idence Insurance Company, of which he is one of
the founders, elected him as its president. In Jan-
uary, 1875, he became largely interested in the pur-
chase of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley rail-

road, which was changed to the Cleveland, Tusca-
rawas Valley and Wheeling railroad, of which he was
made president in February of that year.

Mr. Chamberlain has been remarkably successful in
all his business undertakings, and entirely by his own
efforts has acquired a capital which enables him to
carry great enterprises to a successful termination.

As a citizen he enjoys an enviable reputation, and is
known as a liberal but unostentatious contributor to
all benevolent purposes or public interests. He was
an earnest supporter of the Union during the rebellion,
and contributed freely to aid the cause of freedom.

He has, for many years been a prominent member
of the Second Presbyterian church, and a liberal sup-
porter of the charitable and benevolent enterprises
connected with it. He was married, in 1844, to Miss
Arabella Cochran, of Pennsylvania.

HENRY CHISHOLM.

Henry Chisholm, the president and chief manager
of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, (the largest
establishment of its kind in this or any other country)
landed in Amei-ica in 1842, an almost penniless youth;
in fifteen years from that time he was the head of an
important manufacturing firm and since then he has
achieved the distinction of being one of the greatest
manufacturers in the world.

Mr. Chisholm was born in Loehgelly, Pifeshire,
Scotland, April 27, 1822, and at the age of ten lost
his father by death. Forced by this unhappy circum-
stance to take upon his shoulders in his early youth a
share of the support of his widowed mother's family,
he left school when but twelve years old and appren-
ticed himself to a carpenter, with whom he remained
until his seventeenth year. He then began work as a
journeyman carpenter in the city of Glasgow, where,
shortly afterwards, he married Miss Jane Allan, of
Dunfermline.

Impatient at the slow progress he made in his na-
tive land he resolved to go to America, and in 1842 —
when only twenty years old — he landed at Montreal,
Canada. He soon found employment at his trade,
and so well did he prosper that at the end of two
years he became a master carpenter. Succeeding
from the outset in making profitable contracts, he
saw himself ere long the most extensive contractor in
Montreal. His reputation as a capable and energetic
builder spread year by year, and in 1850 he undertook,
with others, the construction of the railway break-
waters at Cleveland. After being engaged in this
work three years — having become in the meantime a
resident of Cleveland — he followed it with other im-
portant enterprises of a similar character in that city,
until the year 1857. In that year Mr. Chisholm
founded, at Newburg, the iron-manufacturing firm
of Chisholm, Jones & Co., from which beginning
arose the great establishment which is the pride of
Cleveland and one of the marvels of modern times.

338

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Besides being president and controller of the Cleve-
land Rolling Mill Company, Mr. Cliisliolm is a director
in eaeli of three of the most important banking insti-
tutions of Cleveland, and is also closely identified in
many other ways with the remarkable growth and
enterprise of the city of his adoption. Owing nothing
to the assistance of others, depending entirely on his
own inflexible will, indomitable perseverance, and rig-
orous integrity, Mr. Chisholm is, in every sense,
the author of his own fortunes, and the story of his
life furnishes a striking instance of the possibilities
offered in this favored laud, to him who bravely and
energetically seeks success.

Alike amid the struggles of his earlier years, and
the multifarious cares of his later life, Mr. Chisholm
has been an unswerving believer in the truths of re-
ligion, and for upwards of thirty-five years he and
his estimable wife have been members of the Baptist
Church. Endowed with a bountiful share of this
world's goods, as the reward of a busy hfe, cherished
as an upright and honored member of the community
in which he lives, and surrounded by a worthy family
of sons and daughters, Mr. Chisholm still retains, at
the age of nearly three score, the vigorous and vigil-
ant business habits which marked his younger man-
hood, and bids fair to hold for many years to come a
prominent place among the active workers of the
Forest City.

WILLIAM CHISHOLM.

The subject of this sketch was born on the 12th of
August, 1825, in the village of Lochgelly, Fifeshire,
Scotland. His father, who was in moderate circum-
stances, died when he was about seven years of age.
His educational advantages were limited, but of a
practical character, and consisted of such knowledge
as he would be most likely to need in making his
way in the world. When twelve and a half years of
age he was apprenticed to learn the dry-goods busi-
ness with a merchant in Kirkaldy, a seaport town on
the Frith of Forth. Finding this occupation unsuit-
ed to his tastes and having an ardent desire to see
something of the world, he, after two years or more
spent in Kirkaldy, engaged his services to a ship
owner as a sailor. He left his native land in Septem-
ber, 1840, and joined the ship "Burley," of Glas-
gow, at Antwerp, Holland. He sailed in this vessel
for a period of four and a half years, making voy-
ages from England, Scotland and Ireland to South
America, the East Indies, Australia, the West Indies
and the coasts of Nicaragua and Central America. Sub-
sequently he was engaged on different vessels, stop-
ping at the principal American Atlantic ports between
the mouth of the Mississippi river and the gulf of St.
Lawrence.

Becoming weary of this life he, in September,
1847, abandoned the sea, after just seven years of ac-
tive service, during which he had filled the various
positions on a ship, from that of cabin boy to that of

chief officer. He then settled in Montreal, Canada,
where he remained five years, carrying on the busi-
ness of a builder and contractor. At the expiration
of that time he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and
thence to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Returning to
Cleveland in 1857, he has since then been engaged
there as a contractor in building railroads, bridges,
docks, etc.

In 1860 he built works and commenced the manu-
facture of spikes, bolts, rivets, horseshoes, etc., and
in 1871 organized what is known as the Union Steel
Screw Company, now in operation. He has also re-
cently engaged, in connection with his sons, in the
manufacture of steel shovels, spades, scoops and
forks. For the last quarter of a century he has been
largely interested and actively engaged in coal and
iron mines, and in the manufacture of the products
of the latter.

In 1876 and '77 Mr. Chisholm traveled extensively
in Europe, revisiting his native town in Scotland after
an absence of thirty-seven years. His life has been
distingushed by a varied experience such as is allot-
ted to but few, and from early youth he has been com-
pelled to depend upon his own exertions, to which,
with the aid of a kind Providence, he owes his suc-

cess.

He has not been entirely absorbed in the care of his
extensive business, but has ever been ready to lend a
helping hand to the needy and suffering, and, as a
member of the Baptist Church, has contributed lib-
erally to the support of that society, as well as to other
religious institutions and to charitable objects. He
was married in 1848 to Catharine Allan, a native
of Dumferline, Scotland, daughter of Wilson B.
Allan. By this union he has had seven children. Of
this family only four are now living, three sons and
one daughter.

AHIKA. COBB.

Ahira Cobb, whose name is associated with many
of the important commercial interests of Cleveland
and vicinity, is a son of Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., one of
the early settlers of Ohio, and was born at Tolland,
Connecticut, on the 12th of October, 1814.

Many thrilling stories are told of the adventures of
those who removed to Ohio in early days. They came
into a wilderness where yet the red man lingered, and
where the howling of wolves, the panther's cry aud
the crack of the trusty rifle alone disturbed the solitude
of the night. In many a case, their covered wagon
was their only shield from wind and storm while the
log-cabin was being erected, which was to be their
only habitation for many years.

Among those early pioneers came Jeduthan Cobb,
Jr., a descendant of Dr. Samuel Cobb, who, we find by
referring to Hon. L. P. Waldo's valuable Early History
of Tolland, came to that place about the year 1743.
Dr. Cobb bought the farm on the Willimautic river,
now familiarly known as the Cobb farm. In the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

339

work above referred to, Dr. Cobb is mentioned as
having been a gentleman of education, and one of the
most prominent citizens that ever resided in Tolland,
Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., married a daughter of Stephen
Griggs, an ensign in the Continental army, who died
at New Rochelle, New York, in 1776.

He left Tolland with his family in 1819. Upon his
arrival in Ohio he bought a farm in Eldridge town-
ship, Huron county, afterwards Berlin, Erie county.
Mr. Cobb died on this farm in 1827. Like most who
seek to make a home in a new and undeveloped coun-
try, he had a hard struggle with adverse fortune, and
at the time of his death there was an incumbrance of
three hundred dollars on the farm. A tax of seven
dollars was due on it, and must be paid. There was
no money in the house; something must be done.
Something was done — something which throws a
strong light on the energetic character of the subject
of this sketch.

Ahira Cobb, son of the deceased, then a lad of thir-
teen years of age, yoked the oxen, gathered a cart-
load of peaches and apples, and trudged along beside
his slow-going team to Sandusky City, twenty-five
miles away, where he hoped to dispose of his load
to raise the tax-money. His success exceeded his ex-
pectation. The tax-money was raised and three dol-
lars more, as the result of his venture.

The prospects of the family, however, wore a very
unfavorable aspect after the death of the husband and
father, and the year following they all returned to
Tolland. During that year Ahira went to school to
Alfred Newton, who afterwards, for a period of twen-
ty-five years, was pastor of a Presbyterian church at
Norwalk, Ohio. His evenings were spent in learning
the tailoring trade in the establishment of Solomon
Greggs and Luther Eaton. He covered buttons,
sewed sleeve linings, and was obliged to keep the old
stone pitcher filled with water for the benefit of the
dozen or more sewing girls employed in the shop.
During this year spent at Tolland he was the room-
mate of William W. Eaton, the eldest son of his em-
ployer. Little did those young men imagine at that
time that one of them was destined to become a leading
member of the legal profession, and bear the honorable
title of a United States senator, while the other was
to gain a conspicuous and honorable success in the
departments of trade and commerce, near the scene
of his youthful venture before mentioned. Young
Cobb soon got heartily sick of the tailoring business,
and the year following returned to Ohio and entered
the store of John Buckingham, of Norwalk, as a clerk.
This position he retained for six years. In the spring
of 1836 he formed a partnership with Mr. Bucking-
ham and B. L. Hill, under the firm name of Gobb,
Hill & Co., and opened a store at Birmingham, Erie
county. He was a member of this firm for twenty-
three years.

The town of Birmingham was incorporated by a
company of New Yorkers. They had erected, at a
cost of 125,000 a flouring mill, also a hotel valued at

15,000, a sawmill, a forge, and a large number of pri-
vate dwellings. In 1837 this company failed, and in
1844 Mr. Cobb was a successful liidder for its prop-
erty. Thus, at the age of thirty, he was the owner of
nearly the entire town of Birmingham, and occupied
as good a private residence as there was in that
section. While operating thus extensively at Bir-
mingham, he also had a large interest at Vermillion,
a lake port located seven miles from the former place,
in connection with Captain Alva Bradley. At
this port they built, in 1841, their first schooner, the
"South America." This venture proved a very
profitable one, and, to use a nautical term, laid the
keel of the extensive and profitable shipping interest
which they have controlled during the past twenty-
nine years; they having now some twenty steam and
Sftil vessels afloat on the lakes.

In February, 1852, Mr. Cobb exchanged his Bir-
nuingham mill and residence for the Cleveland prop-
erty known as the Forest City House. This house
he has greatly enlarged, and it is now a very hand-
some building, containing one hundred and fifty
rooms, and has a wide reputation as a first class hotel
in every respect. *

After the transfer above mentioned, he removed
his family to Cleveland, where he subsequently entered
the extensive boot and shoe firm of Crowell & Childs
as a special partner. At the same time he also took
an interest in the erection of two blast furnaces; one
at Youngstown, the other at Antwerp, Paulding
county. The one at Youngstown, the Himroot fur-
nace, has been in constant blast while the fires of hun-
dreds of others have been extinguished by the hard
times and the glut in the iron market. During the
year 1852 Mr. Cobb bought property largely in Cleve-
land.

In 1874 he, with Capt. Bradley, erected an elegant
iron block on Superior street. One half of this great
building is occupied by Strong, Cobb & Company,
importers and wholesale dealers in drugs, etc., one of
the largest and best appointed houses of the kind in
the West. Mr. Cobb is also the owner of valuable
property fronting on Euclid avenue — an avenue said
by Bayard Taylor to be. the finest in the world. Upon
this property he has erected an elegant mansion which
he has fitted and adorned with every convenience and
comfort.

Although Mr. Cobb is now nearing an age when
mos't men, either from inclination or debility, retire
from active business life, he still retains the undimin-
ished energy of the man who bought out a town in
his thirtieth year, and we may safely predict that if
adverse fortune should sweep away his vast accumula-
tions he would lose no time in setting about to repair
the breach. It is somewhat remarkable that only one
death — that of his father — has occurred in the family
since the marriage of his parents. His mother is still
living and has reached the advanced age of eighty-
eight years.

Mr. Cobb was married in 1839 to Miss Maria Briant,

340

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

daughter of Jonathan Briant of Birmingham, by
whom he has had nine children. He is a Eepublicau
in politics but has never been an office-seeker, though
not neglecting any of the duties of a good citizen.
He is not a member of any church, but is a liberal
contributor to the aid of all worthy causes, and is
especially interested in forwarding educational and
charitable interests.

Mr. Cobb is a man of decided abilities, of great
courage, of untiring industry, of marked integrity,
of large experience in the affairs of the world, and is
appreciated for his many sterling qualities both of
mind and heart.

JAMES M. COFFINBERRY.

James M. Coffinberry is a native of Mansfield, Ohio,
having been born in that town on the 16th day of
May, 1818.

His father, Andrew Coffinberry, was a man of rare
endowments and decisive character, and was widely
known as a distinguished lawyer. He was admitted
to the bar as early as 1813, from which time he prac-
ticed his profession until a few days before his death,
which occurred in May, 1856. His pi-actiee in several
of the counties of northwestern Ohio began with their
organization; his "circuit" (always traversed on
horseback) extending from Mansfield north to Lake
Erie, and west to the Indiana line. He was gi'eatly
esteemed for his pure and upright life, while his
genial manners and quaint wit gave him ready access
to the hearts of all classes.

Among the younger members of the profession he
was known as " the good Count Coffinberry " in grate-
ful recognition of the services rendered them by
this veteran member of the bar. Tlie sobriquet of
" Count " was first given him playfully by his pro-
fessional associates, from a real or su])posed i-esem-
blance to the illustrious German jui-ist. Count or
Baron Puffendorf. The title was considered so ap-
propriate that it remaiued with him tliroughout life,
and many who knew him long and well never learned
that it was not his real name.

Besides his legal ability he also possessed poetical
talent of no mean order, and, about 1840, wrote the
"Forest Bangers," a metrical tale in seven cantos, in
which he vividly depicts many interesting incidents
connected with the march of General A\"ayne's army,
and its victory over the Indians, in 1794.

James M. Coffinberry, the subject of this sketch,
received his education in the common schools of his
native town, after which he studied law with his
father, then residing at Perrysburg. He was admit-
ted to the bar in 1841, and the same year opened an
office in partnership with his father at Maumee City.
His superior abilities found an early recognition, and
secured bis election as prosecuting attorney for Lucas
county, which position he filled in a most satisfactory
manner for several years. In 1845 he removed to

Hancock county, where for about ten years he prac-
ticed his profession with great success, and in addition
was the editor and proprietor of that staunch Whig
journal, the Findlay Herald.

In 1855 Mr. Coffinberry removed to Cleveland and
entered speedily into a good practice, devoting him-
self exclusively to his profession and taking high
rank at a bar which numbered among its members
some of the ablest lawyers in the State. He was
elected judge of the court of common pleas in 1861,
and performed the duties of that position for the term
of five years, with credit to himself and satisfaction to
all concerned. His charges to juries were always
clear, forcible and logical, and in the course of his
judicial service he delivered some very able opinions,
both verbal and written. It has been said that no
decision of his has ever been reversed on review by
higher courts. His charge to the jury on the trial of
Dr. John W. Hughes for the murder of Tamzen
Parsons of Bedford, which took place in December,
1865, was acknowledged to be one of the ablest ever
delivered from the bench of Cuyahoga county.

Judge Coffinberry possesses an apparently intuitive
jjerception of legal truths, a peculiar faculty for seiz-
ing the strong points of a case, and great power to
present his arguments in an original and forcible man-
ner. While appreciating the learning of the profes-
sion, and ever mindful of its nicest distinctions, he
has made them subservient to his own broad and lib-
eral views.

After retiring from the bench he returned to the
practice of law, but was soon obliged to retire from
its activities on account of failing health. He has
devoted considerable time to scientific reading and in-
vestigation, in which he takes a great interest. He
has been prominetly connected with many of the most
important public enterprises of the city, and has been
appointed to many offices of trust. He was one of the
originators of tlie Cleveland viaduct, and one who most
earnestly advocated that it should be a free bridge.

In politics he was formerly a Whig, but in the Fre-
mont and Buchanan canvass he allied himself with
the Democrats, and has since uniformly supported
the candidates and politics of that party. At the
breaking out of the rebellion he was chairman of the
Democratic central committee of Cuyahoga county,
but at once espoused the cause of the Union, and was
largely instrumental in rallying the Democratic party
of northern Ohio to the zealous support of the war.

He was the principal secretary of the great Union
convention of Ohio, presided over by ex-United States
Senator Thomas Ewing, which nominated David Tod
for governor. Througliout the war he remained a
conservative Union man, but privately disapproved
some of the more radical war-measures as being un-
constitutional and of dangerous precedent. For sev-
eral years he was the regular candidate of his party
for representative in Congress and for judge of the
common pleas, but was in no sense a politician; it is
believed that he never attended more than one nom-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.

341

intiting convention, and never sought a nomination
for office.

Mr. Coffinberry and his wife met with a most dis-
tressing accident on the 8th of April, 1875. They
were returning from Mt. Vernon, where they had at-
tended the marriage of their son. After they reached
the city, and were being driven across the railway
track near the Union depot, the carriage was struck
by a freight train. They were both severely injured,
Mr. Coffinberry suffering the loss of a leg. His
wife, although terribly bruised and mangled, was
restored to comparative health.

Mr. Coffinberry was married in January, 1841 to
Anna M. G-leason, of Lucas county, Ohio, by whom
he has two children. His son, Henry D., served hon-
orably through the war as an officer in the Mississippi
gunboat flotilla. He is now a partner in the Globe
Iron AVorks and the Cleveland Dry Dock Company,
and is also one of the fire commissioners of Cleveland.
His daughter, Mary E., is the wife of S. E. Brooks,
a prominent young business man of the city.

WILLIAM COLLINS.

The Hon. William Collins was descended in the
ninth generation from Lewis Collins, who came from
England in the year, 1630, and as the records of those
days say, "with ample means." His son, Nathan,
was a graduate of Cambridge University, England,
and had two sons, John, who lived in Boston, and
Edward, who was a deacon of the church at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts. John Collins, the second, re-
sided in Saybrook, Connecticut, and also at Middle-
town and Guilford, in that State, in which last named
town he is recorded as a freeman and planter. Rob-
ert, son of John, the second, married Lois Burnett,
of Southampton, Long Island.

Jonathan, son of Robert, born April 26, 1098,
dwelt in Middletown and Wallingford, Connecticut.
He married Agues Lynn for his second wife, and
had eleven children. Oliver, one of his sons enlisted
in a company of Massachusetts troops during the
Revolutionary war, at the .age of sixteen. He served
as a company officer till the close of the war. He
married Lois Cowles, of Wallingford, Connecticut,
and removed to New Hartford, New York. In the
war of 1812 he was commissioned a brigadier general,
and commanded a brigade of New York militia nt
Sackett's Harbor. He died August 14, 1838.

Ela Collins, son of Oliver and Lois Collins, was
born in Wallingford, Connecticut, February 14, 1786.
He married Maria Clinton, daughter of Rev. Isaac
Clinton, of New Haven. They moved to Lowville,
New York, where Mr. Collins became a distinguished
lawyer, a member of Congress, and the occupant of
other important offices.

His son, William Collins, the subject of this me-
moir, was born February 22, 1818. Ho read law with
his father, and was admitted to the bar in September,
1843, at Rochester, New York. He then entered mto

partnership with his father, and they continued in
active and successful practice until the death of the
elder Mr. Collins, in November, 1848. He succeeded
his father as district attorney, but resigned this office
when he was elected a member of the national House
of Representatives, in November, 1846, from the dis-
trict composed of Lewis and St. Lawrence counties.

Mr. Collins was in Congress during the first agita-
tion of the question of extending slavery to free
territory, and opposed the extension with great zeal
and ability. Among his speeches will be found one,
delivered July 28, 1848, on the bill to establish the
Territorial government of Oregon, advocating the ex-
clusion of slavery from that Territory. It was com-
mended not only for the soundness of its logic, but,
as a brilliant literary production. The contest was
a close one, but the slavery extens'ionists were defeated,
owing largely to the vigilant and industrious efforts
of Mr. Collins and a few associates. He was tendered
the renominatioa to the thirty-first Congress, but
having determined to remove west, he declined, and
was succeeded by Preston King.

Mr. Collins came to Cleveland in 1853 and opened
a law office, fully sustaining here the reputation as a
lawyer which he had gained in New York. He was
soon elected a director of the Merchants' Bank of
Cleveland, and of the Lake Shore railway company.
Subsequently he became a director of the Bellefontaine
railway company; the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin-
nati and Indianapolis railway company; the James-
town and Franklin railway company, of Pennsylva-
nia; the East Cleveland street-railroad company; the
Mercer Iron and Coal company of Pennsylvania, and
the Merchants' National Bunk of Cleveland. The
active duties of these positions absorbed much of
his time and attention.

The sympathies of Mr. Collins being always on the
side of freedom, he joined the Republican party on its
organization and remained faithful to its principles.
When the I'ebellion broke out he threw himself heart-
ily into the cause of the Union, and contributed
freely with money and labor in every way to its sup-
port. He was a member of various local committees
for the promotion of the national cause, and gave
largely for the support of the sick and wounded.
Whenever an effort was needed his voice was heard
exhorting the people to action, and he was never be-
hindhand in personal example.

Mr. Collins married Jane, second daughter of Al-
fred and Mary S. Kelley, at Columbus, on the 22d
day of November, 1847. They had five children;
Francis, born January 19, 1850, who died February
10, 1850; Frederic Kelley, born in Columbus, Ohio,
June 7, 1851; Walter Stow, born in Cleveland, July
12, 1854; Mary, born in Cleveland, June 7, 1857, who
died March 1, 1860; and Alice, born in Cleveland,
June 26, 1859, who died August 20, 1859.

Mr. Collins died suddenly on the 18th day of June,
1878. At a meeting of the bar, held on the occasion
of his decease, Hon. Sherlock J. Andrews was called

342

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

to the chair and H. B. DeWolf acted as secretary.
The committee on resolutions consisted of Messrs. F.
J. Dickman, James Mason, H. B. DeWolf, and Judges
Bishop and Prentiss. Resolutions were adopted highly
and truly extolling the character and abilities of the
deceased, copies of which were presented to the fam-
ily, to the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county,
and to the circuit and district courts of the United
States for the Northern district of Ohio* Mr. Dick-
man and Judge Bishop spoke in eulogy of Mr., Collins,
and the former quoted a remark made by the deceased,
worthy of enduring record. In speaking of certain
political action Mr. Collins said:

"yuccess is something, but to be right is every-
thing."

This terse expression is a model statement of the
value of principle, and was also an epitome of the life-
long creed of William Collins.

EDWIN WEED COWLES.

Edwin W. Oowles, a physician, born in Bristol, Cou-
necticut, in 1794, removed to Austinburg with his
father, the Eev. Dr. Giles Hooker Cowles, in the year
1811. His ancestors were all of Puritan descent, ex-
cept one line, which traced its origin to the Huguenots.
He was educated in the academy, at Farmington,
Connecticut, and was imbued by his father and
mother with the highest principles of the Chi'istian
I'cligion and love for his fellow-beings. He studied
medicine with the late Dr. 0. K. Hawlcy, of Austin-
burg, and after receiving his degree he practiced
liis 2)rofession in Mantua, Portage county, Ohio, and
in 1833 he removed with his family to Cleveland.

In 1834 he removed to Detroit, and practiced there
till 1838, when he returned to Cleveland, where he
spent the remainder of his professional life, and made
himself a high reputation both as a physician and a
valuable citizen. His leading traits as a johysician
were the exercise of benevolence and fearlessness in
the performance of his professional duties. These
noble qualities were thoroughly illusti'ated when that
great scourge, the Asiatic cholera, made its first ap-
pearance in Cleveland the first year he settled there.
This disease was introduced by the arrival of the
steamer "Henry Clay," which sailed up to the land-
ing at the foot of Superior street. As usual in those
early days, when there were no railroads and tele-
graphs, the crowd assembled at the landing to hear
the news and see who had come. As the boat neared
the wharf the captain appeared on the deck, and ex-
claimed that " the cholera had broken out among his
passengers and crew; that several were dead and a
number more were down with it, and for God's sake
to send a doctor aboard!" This announcement cre-
ated a panic in the crowd. They all scattered and fled
in every direction, — many taking their horses and
fleeing into the country. A messenger went hurried-
ly to the ofBce of Dr. Cowles, and with a frightened

expression of countenance informed him that his
services were needed, — that " the boat was filled with
the dead and sick." The doctor promptly started for
the boat, and exerted himself immediately with all his
power to alleviate the sufferings of the sick. At a
meeting held previously by the citizens of the then vil-
lage of Cleveland it had been voted, with only two dis-
sentient votes, that no boat having the cholera aboard
should be allowed to come into port or land its pas-
sengers, for fear of contagion. The two who opposed
this resolution were the late Thomas P. May and
Dr. Cowles. Under this action of the citizens the
"Henry Clay" was obliged to leave. Dr. Cowles vol-
unteered to accompany the sick and look after them,
and in spite of the remonstrances of his friends, who
believed he never would get through alive, he went
on that charnel-ship to Detroit, and remained on
it until everything possible had been done to relieve
the sick and to fight down the death-dealing scourge.

His predominating trait was his love of justice to
all — the high and low, rich and poor. This sense
was strongly developed in his hatred of the system of
slavery, which, as he expressed it, "violated every
commandment in the decalogue, every principle of
justice, all laws of human nature, and destroyed the
foundation of a common humanity." He was one
of the first who came out publicly and avowed them-
selves "abolitionists," at a time when it was consid-
ered disgraceful to be called by that term. He was
one of the first members of the "old Liberty Guard,"
and many a poor fugitive slave has he aided to free-
dom via the underground railroad. As a politician
he was somewhat prominent. He supported the old
Whig party down to the time he voted for General
Harrison, in 1840. In 1841 he joined the "Liberty
party " the germ of the present Republican party.

In all the walks of life he was distinguished for
moral rectitude, honesty, and incorruptible integ-
rity. As a gentleman of general information he
rarely, met with his peer, for, like John Quiucy
Adams, he never forgot what he read, and it was this
gift that made him the remarkable conversationalist
and controversialist that he was. He was a devout
and active member of the Congregational church,
and one of its most valued supporters. He was mar-
ried in 1815 to Miss Almira Mills Foot, a lady of
great force of character, of amiable disposition, and of
a most affectionate nature. She was born in Norfolk,
Connecticut, in 1790, and was descended from Na-
thaniel Foot, the first settler of Wethersfield, and was
a half-sister of the late Joseph B. Cowles, of Austin-
burg, and of the late Hon. Samuel Cowles, who died in
Cleveland in 18c7. After the death of his consort,
which occurred in 1846, Dr. Cowles spent his remain-
ing days among his children, who vied mth each other
in endeavoring to promote his comfort and smooth
the ways of his declining days. He died in June,
1861, at the residence of his son, Mr. Edwin Cowles,
in Cleveland. Had he lived only one and a half years
longer he would have witnessed the great desire of his

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

343

heart — the abolition of slavery. As it was, like Moses
of old, "he died in sight of the promised land."

Dr. Cowleshad six children. His first child, Sam-
uel, died when three years of age. His second, Giles
Hooker, died in Cleveland, aged twenty-three, leaving
four, who are living: Mrs. Helen C. Wheeler, of But-
ler, Missouri; Judge Samuel Cowles, of San Fran-
cisco, California; Edwin Cowles, editor of the Leader,
Cleveland; and Alfred Cowles, one of the publishers
of the (u\\\ca.go. Tribune.

EDWIN COWLES.

Edwin Cowles, editor and printer, was born in
Austinburg, Ashtabula county, Ohio, September 19,
18a5. His father was the late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles
just noticed. His ancestors were all of Puritan de-
scent, except one line, which traces its origin to the
Huguenots. On his father's side he is descended
from one of three brothers who settled in the town
of Farmingtdn, Connecticut, in 1653. On his grand-
mother's side, who was a Miss Abigail White of
Stamford, Connecticut, he is a direct descendant of
Peregrine White, the first white child born in New
England; and also of a Huguenot by the name of De
Grasse, which name was changed subsequently to
Weed. The Eev. Thomas Hooker, the first clergy-
man who was settled in Connecticut, was also one of
Mr. Cowles' ancestors. On his mother's side he was
descended from Nathaniel Foote, the first settler of
Wetliersfield, Connecticut.

His boyhood days were spent in Cleveland, with
the exception of a few years that he lived in Austin-
burg, and in Detroit where his father resided for a
short time. In 1839 he commenced leai-ning the
trade of a printer and served his time mostly with the
late Josiah A. Harris, tiien editor of the Cleveland
Herald. He finished his education at Grand River
Institute in 1843. At the age of eighteen, he em-
barked in the printing business in company with Mr.
T. H. Smead, under the firm name of Smead & Cowles.
In 1853 he dissolved partnership with Mr. Smead
and became a member of the firm of Medill, Cowles
& Co., publishers of the daily Forest City Democrat,
which was the result of the consolidation of the daily
True Democrat and daily Forest City. Both papers
had been published as losing ventures, the former by
John C. Vaughan and the latter by Joseph Medill.
In 1854 the name of the paper was changed to Cleve-
land Leader. In 1855 Messrs. Medill and Vaughan
sold out to Mr. Cowles and removed to Chicago,
where they purchased the Chicago Tribune, of which
Mr. Cowles' brother, Alfred, became the business
manager.

During the winter of 1854-55 the first movement
which led to the formation of the great Republican
party was made in the Leader editorial room, result-
ing in the issuing of the call for the first Republican
convention ever held, which met in Pittsburg. The

gentlemen who held that meeting in the editorial
room were Messrs. John C. Vaughan, Joseph Medill,
J. F. Keeler, R. C. Parsons, R. P. Spalding and
others whose names are not remembered. The result
of that convention was the consolidation of the Free
Soil, Know-nothing and Whig parties into one great
party, the history of which is well known.

Mr. Cowles carried on the paper alone until 1866,
when he organized the Cleveland Lead.er Printing
Company, of which he retained a controlling inter-
est. He acted as business manager of the Leader
until, 1860, when he assumed the chief-editorship.
Fi'om'this time he steadily rose to prominence as an
editor because of the strength and boldness of his ut-
terances and his progressive and decided views on pop-
ular topics, wiiich soon made his journal one of the
most powerful in the West. While the terrible black
cloud .of secession was looming up in 1860-61, Mr.
Cowles took a firm position in the columns of the
Leader in favor of the government suppressing the
heresy of secession with the army and navy if neces-
sary. In 1861 he was appointed jiostmaster of Cleve-
land and held that office for five years. Under his
administration he established and perfected the system
of free delivery of mail matter by carriers.

In 1861 Mr. Cowles first suggested, in his paper, the
nomination by the Republican party of David Tod, a
war Democrat, for the purpose of uniting all the
loyal elements in the cause of the Union. The
suggestion was adopted, and Mr. Tod was nominated
and elected. That same year, immediately after the
battle of Bull Run, Mr. Cowles wrote an editorial
headed "Now is the time to abolish slavery." He
took the position that the South, being in a state of
rebellion against the general governhient had forfeited
all right to property — that the government had the
same right to abolish slavery for the purpose of weak-
ening the resources of the Confederacy by liberating
in its midst a producing class from which it mainly
derived its sinews of war, as it had to capture and
destroy rebel property, burn towns, etc., as a mili-
tary necessity. For taking this advanced position the
Leader was severely criticised by a portion of the Re-
publican press, which declared that it was aiding the
rebellion by creating dissatisfaction among the war
Democrats of the north. In less than one year after
the publication of that article President Lincoln issued
his preliminary emancipation proclamation, which
embodied precisely the same views.

In 1863 Mr. Cowles suggested in the Leader the
name of John Brough to succeed Governor Tod in
the gubernatorial chair. It was after the name of
Vallandigham, had been taken up by the Democracy
for that oflBce, and at a period during the war
previous to the surrender of Vicksburg and the
battle of Gettysburg, when the Union armies had
met with a series of reverses, and discouragement
had commenced its work among the conservative
loyal element. The nomination of Vallandigham,
following the election of 1862, when the Demo-

344

THE CITY OF OLEVELAlSTD.

crats had carried Ohio by a large majority, cre-
ated great alarm among the friends of the Union for
fear that the discouraging military outlook would
have its eSect toward favoring the peace-at-any-price
party. Mr. Brough, though formerly a life-long
Democrat, was a firm Union man under all circum-
stances, and withal his reputation for great executive
ability was widely known, and for those reasons his
name was announced as a candidate for governor in
the Leader. It was warmly seconded by the loyal
press, and he was nominated and elected by more
than one hundred thousand majority over Mr. Val-
landigham. Governor Brough, and Governors An-
drews and Morton, formed that famous trio of great
war governors whose names will go down in history
side by side with Lincoln, Grant, Stanton and Chase.

In 1870, Mr. Cowles' attention having been called
to the great danger that existed from the various rail-
road crossings in the valley of the Cuyahoga between
the higlits of the east and west sides of Cleveland, he
conceived the idea of a high bridge, or viaduct as it
is generally called, to span the valley and Cuyahoga
river, connecting the two hill tops, thus avoiding go-
ing up and down hill and crossing the "valley of
death." He wrote an elaborate editorial favoring the
city's building the viaduct. His suggestion met with
fierce opposition from the other city papers, it being
considered by them Utopian and unnecessary, but it
was submitted to the popular vote and carried by an
immense majority. This great work, costing nearly
three millions, is one of the wonders of Cleveland.

In 1876 Mr. Cowles was elected a delegate to the
National Eepublican Convention at Cincinnati, which
nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for President. He
represented Ohio in the committee on platform, and
was the author of the seventh plank favoring a con-
stitutional amendment forbidding appropriations out
of any public fund for the benefit of any institution
under sectarian control. The object of this amend-
ment was two-fold: first, to forever settle the ques-
tion of dividing the school fund for the benefit of the
Roman Catholic Church; second, to guard the future
from the encroachment of that Churcli that is sure to
result from its extraordinary increase in numbers.

In 1877 he was complimented by President Hayes
by being appointed one of the honorary commission-
ers to the Paris Exposition.

Mr. Cowles has now been connected with journal-
ism for over a quarter of a century. The experience
of his paper has been like the history of all daily pa-
pers. It had sunk previous to his being connected
with it over thirty thousand dollars. The first nine
years after he had taken hold of it, it sunk over forty
thousand dollars more, and at the end of that time it
commenced paying expenses, eventually resulting in
his being able to pay ofE every cent of indebtedness.
Its business has increased tenfold under his adminis-
tration, and it also has the largest daily circulation of
any paper west of the Alleghenies, with the exception
of two papers in Chicago, one in St. Louis, and one

in Cincinnati, and has more than double the circula-
tion of all the other Cleveland papers combined.
When he commenced his editorial career, his staff
consisted of himself, one associate, and one city
editor. Now it is composed of himself as chief
editor, one managing, four assistant editors, and an
editor each in charge of the commercial, city, literary
and dramatic, and telegraphic departments, also one
in charge of the Washington branch office, and four
reporters — fourteen in all. His chief characteristic
as an editor, is his fearlessness in treating all ques-
tions of the day without stopping to consider "whether
he will lose any subscribers" by taking this sid-e Or
that. His great ambition is to have the Leader take
the lead in the work of reform, the promulga-
tion of progressive ideas, the elevation of humanity
to as high a scale as possible, and to oppose in every
shape tyranny and injustice, whether of church.
State, capital, corporation, or trade-unions, and at
the same time to make it the most influential paper
in the State, if not in the West.

Mr. Cowles' success in life has been attained under
extraordinary disadvantages. From his birth he was
afflicted with a defect in hearing which caused so pe-
culiar an impediment of speech that no parallel case
was to be found on record. Until he was twenty-
three years of age the peculiarity of this impediment
was not discovered. At that age Professor Kennedy,
a distinguished elocutionist, became interested in his
case, and after a thorough examination it was found
that he never heard the hissing sound of the human
voice, and consequently had never made that sound.
Many of the consonants sounded alike to him. He
never heard the notes of the seventh octave of a piano
or organ, never heard the upper notes of a violin, the
fife in martial music, never heard a bird sing, and has
always supposed that the music of the birds was a
poetical fiction. This discovery of his physical defect
enabled him to act accordingly. After much time
spent in practicing, u'.ider Professor Kennedy's tui-
tion, he was enabled to learn arbitrarily how to make
the hissing sound, but he never hears the sound him-
self, a.lthougli he could hear ordinarily low-toned
conversation.

As a citizen Mr. Cowles was ever active in all be-
nevolent and charitable enterprises, giving liberally
to them according to his means, and devoting the
influence of his journal to their support and encour-
agement.

Mr. Cowles is wedded to his profession, and never
expects to leave it for any other; in other words, he
expects to die in the harness. Owing to the power of
the press in controlling public sentiment, backed up
as it is by the aid of wonderful lightning printing
machinery, the telegraph, that great association for
the collection of news — the associated press, the
division of intellectual labor into different depart-
ments, and the fast railroad trains, he considers
journalism, if only managed in the interests of
religion, morals, humanity, and of doing the greatest

BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.

345

good to the greatest number, the gi'andest of all pro-
fessions.

Mr. Cowles was married in 1849, to Miss Elizabeth
0. Hutchinson, daughter of the Hon. Mosely Hutch-
insou, of Cayuga, New York. He had by this union
six children, Myra F. who married Mr. Chas. W.
Chase, a merchant of Cleveland; Helen .H., Eugene
H., Alfred H., Lewis H., and Edwin. The youngest,
Edwin, died in infancy. His eldest son, Eugene,
is a member of the Leader editorial staff, having
charge of the Washington office as correspondent.

SAMUEL COWLES.

Samuel Cowles, a lawyer, was born in Norfolk, Con-
necticut, June 8, 1775, and died at Cleveland, Ohio,
in November, 1837. His father was a representative
New England farmer. He was educated at Williams
College, and graduated there in the year 1798, after-
wards serving as tutor there for two years, when
he commenced the study of law in Hartford, and was
admitted to the bar. He practiced his profession in
Parmington and Hartford till abont 1830, when he
removed to Cleveland, then a village of about five
hundred inhabitants. There he went into partnership
with the late Alfred Kelley, and carried on the law
business with him for several years. Afterward Mr.
Cowles formed a copartnership with a late student of
his, Sherlock J. Andrews; finally giving the busi-
ness up to bim and retiring from the practice of
his profession about the year 1834. Hon. J. W. Allen
studied law under Mr. Cowles in the year 1825. In
1839 he was appointed a Judge of the court of com-
mon pleas, which position he filled at the time of
his death.

In 1833 Mr. Cowles was married in Lenox, Massa-
chusetts, to Miss Cornelia Whiting. In 1833 he
erected the mansion on Euclid avenue, now used as
an Ursuline convent, and resided in it till his death.
He was a good representative of the gentlemen of the
old school, a high-minded lawyer, of irreproachable
character, of dignified bearing, and of the most fas-
tidious tastes. His society was sought after, espe-
cially by the cultivated. He was a brother-in-law of
the late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles, and uncle to Mr.
Edwin Cowles of the Cleveland Leader.

D. W. CROSS.

D. W. Cross, one of Cleveland's prominent citizens
and leading capitalists, was born on the 17th of No-
vember, 1814, in Richland (now Pulaski), New York.
He received an excellent education at Hamilton
Seminary (one of the foremost institutions of learn-
ing in the State), and, upon the completion of his
studies in 1836, removed to Cleveland, where he en-
tered the law-office of Messrs. Payne & Wilson as a
student.

While thus employed he received, in 1837, an
appointment as deputy collector of the port of Cleve-

land, which position, with a brief interruption, he
retained for eighteen years. During that time he
effected many useful reforms and improvements in
the management of the custom-house, and received
from the secretary of the treasury a gift of 1500 as an
acknowledgement of his zeal and energy.

During the first years of his holding the office he
continued his law studies, and in due season was
admitted to practice in both the State and United
States courts. In 1844 he Joined Mr. Robert Parks
in a law partnership which continued until the death
of that gentleman in 1860. In 1848 and 1849 he was
elected township-clerk of Cleveland (an important
office) by overwhelmingly large majorities, and in
1849 was chosen a member of the city council.

In 1855 Mr. Cross entered upon the most impor-
tant enterprise of his life, that of coal-mining. In
company with Oliver H. Perry he purchased one
hundred and fifty acres of land, and leased several
other tracts, upon Mineral Ridge, in the Mahoning
valley, the coal deposits in which were beginning to
promise i mportant results if properly worked. Messrs.
Perry & Cross entered promptly and actively into the
business of coal mining, and soon landed upon the
Cleveland docks, via the Pennsylvania and Ohio
canals, the first cargoes of coal shipped from Mineral
Ridge to Cleveland.

In 1859 Mr. Perry transferred his interest to
Henry B. Payne, the firm being continued as D. W.
Cross & Co. In 1860 it received an additional part-
ner in the person of Lemuel Crawford, who retired
in 1861 and was succeeded by Isaac Newton; tlie
firm name being changed to Cross, Payne & Co.
Business operations were at this time materially
widened by the purchase of new coal mines, by the
construction of docks, and by the building of a rail-
way to conuect the Summit Bank with the canal, at
Middlebury.

In 1867 Mr. Cross retired from the firm of Cross,
Payne & Co., and rested awhile upon the fruits of
his industry.

Since his retirement from the firm, however, Mr.
Cross has retained his connection with the coal interest
to a considerable extent, and is to-day the owner of
some of the most valuable coal lands in the State.
His identification with the early goal trade of the
Mahoning valley, and its prosperous development
under his efforts, were facts of such importance, not
only in his career but in that of Cleveland, that it
would be very difficult to separate entirely the his-
tory of his life from that of the great business Just
alluded to.

His was the mind that saw how important and
necessary it was that Cleveland should have cheap
coal, to the end that she might become a great manu-
facturing city, and in opening the way for cheap fuel
he furnished the opportunity for which Cleveland had
so long waited.

Although no longer immediately connected with
the coal trade, Mr. Cross is still actively engaged in

346

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

important business enterprises, for a temperament
like his could not be well satisfied with entire inactiv-
ity; but, naturally, he enjoys substantial immunity
from the anxieties and labors incident to his earlier
experience. The interests of three important manu-
facturing corporations receive the benefits of his atten-
tion. Of each of two of these — ^the Winslow Oar Roofing
Company and the Cleveland Steam Gauge Company —
he is the president, and of a third — the Amherst Stone
Company — he is a director. To the conduct of these
extensive enterprises Mr. Cross gives careful heed,
and their substantial success testifies to his excellent
administration.

He is a life member of the Western Eeserve and
Northern Ohio Historical Society, and a member of
the Kirtland Society of Natural History. "With both
organizations he has long been closely associated, and
to the latter has contributed many valuable specimens.
He was, in his younger days, a prominent member of
the Cleveland Grays, and in 1837 was the secretary of
that organization. For many years subsequent to
1839 he was the secretary of the Cleveland Lyceum,
a popular debating society of that period.

Since the beginning of his residence in Cleveland
Mr. Cross has been a devoted disciple of Nimrod and
Isaak Walton, and to this day finds his attachment to
the sports of hunting and angling undimmed. These
are his favorite relaxations, and, in his leisure hours,
he follows them quite as eagerly as of yore.

He was one of the founders of the renowned Win-
ous Point Shooting Club, which owns over ten thou-
sand acres of land near Sandusky Bay, and which, in
its appointments and scope of action, is far beyond
any similar organization in the country. In connec-
tion with Dr. Darby (taxidermist), T. K. Bolton, E.
A. Brown, L. M. Hubby and others, he contributed
largely toward securing the superb collection of game
birds now ornamenting the reception rooms of the club.
As an angler Mr. Cross is not only an enthusiast
but an authority. From the Adirondacks to Lake
Superior, streams and lakes have paid tribute to his
skill, and in company with Prof. Horace A. Ackley
and Dr. Thomas Garlick— the pioneers of artificial
fish-culture in America— he has passed many a busy
hour upon the shores of Lake Brie in the successful
pursuit of the finfiy tribe. It was through Professor
Ackley's persuasion that Mr. Cross wrote the " Pis-
catonarium," first published in the Cleveland Herald
and afterward in Dr. Kirtland 's Family Visitor, and
the S2)irit of the Times, as well as in other leading
Journals.

Another article from Mr. Cross' pen, entitled "Big
and Small Mouth Bass, and How a Trout takes a Fly,"
published in the Chicago Field of the date of Febru-
ary 8, 1879, assisted materially in settling a vexed
question among scientific sportsmen.

In the eveni rig of his days, Mr. Cross enjoys the satis-
faction of having sturdily battled with the"difficulties
of life and of having produced important results, ben-
eficial alike to himself and the community. The les-

son of such a life needs no elaboi'ation, since it is con-
veyed in unmistakable terms by the simple record of
the events.

The wife of Mr. Cross was not only an amiable
companion but was a valuable coadjutor in building
up her husband's fortunes. She was Miss Loraine P.
Lee, of Bloomfield, New York, and was married to
Mr. Cross in 1840. In 1873 she visited Europe and
spent eighteen months in extended travel, of which
she recorded her impressions in a series of highly in-
teresting letters to the Cleveland Leader. Shortly
after her return she fell ill, and passed to her rest on
the 23d of January, 1875. Devoted to her home and
family, endeared to a large cii'cle of friends, and fore-
most in acts of charity and love, her name remains
embalmed in the affectionate remembrance of all who
knew her.

JOHN CROWELL.

This gentleman, a talented lawyer and politician,
was born at East Haddam, Middlesex county, Con-
necticut, on the 15th of September 1801. His grand-
father, Samuel Crowell, was born at Chatham, Barn-
stable county, Massachusetts, March 10, 1743, of
which place his ancestors for several generations had
been natives. In 1769 or 1770 he married Jerusha
Tracy, of East Haddam, by whom he had five sons,
viz: William, Samuel, Eliphaz, John and Hezekiah,
and also one daughter who died in infancy. Samuel
Crowell, Sr., died at East Haddam in 1810.

Of this family, William, the eldest son, was the
father of the subject of this sketch. He was born at
East Haddam on the 10th of July, 1771. His wife,
Euth Peck, daughter of Daniel Peck, was born in the
same town in August of the same year. In the au-
tumn of 1806, he, with his wife and a family of nine
children (afterward increased to fourteen), removed to
Ohio and settled in Eome, Ashtabula county, where
he spent the remainder of his life.

The Western Eeserve was at that time an almost
unbroken wilderness and but sparsely inhabited.
Mr. Crowell's family was the first in the township of
Eome, and their nearest neighbors on the south were
eighteen miles distant. For a few years after their
settlement the privations of the pioneers were very
severe. Food, shelter and clothing were only to be
obtained by the most arduous exertions. Yet the
forests were quickly turned into fruitful fields, and
rude dwellings speedily erected. The hardships were
borne with womanly patience and manly fortitude,
and all honor is due the noble pioneers through whose
labors the Western Eeserve has become what it is to-
day.

The boyhood of John Crowell was spent among the
most primitive scenes. His father was a carpenter,
and with the assistance of his two eldest sons built
most of the framed dwellings for miles around.
Thus John was left at home to assist in clearing and
cultivating the farm. He possessed a vigorous con-

N N

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

347

stitution and more than ordinary strength, and sur-
passed most of his associates in the power of physical
endurance.

His labor on the farm was continued until he
reached his majority, and though he had occasionally
attended a winter term of the common school— kept
in a log cabin — he was substantially destitute of books,
and the means of instruction and improvement which
they afford. During his minority he also attended
for a few months a select school in Jefferson, taught
by Mr. Thomas Whelpley, and spent one winter un-
der the instruction of the late Eev. John Hall, while
that gentleman was a student of theology.

In the month of November, 1833, young Crowell
went on foot to "Warren, in oi'der to avail himself of
the advantages offered by an academy which had
been established in that place a short time previous.
The school at that time was conducted by Mr. E. E.
Thompson, a graduate of Cambridge University, and
a most worthy gentleman, who is remembered by Mr.
Crowell with affectionate regard. He continued in
the academy with slight interruption until February,
1825, and then commenced the study of law in the
ofiBce of Thomas L. Webb, of Warren, remaining un-
der his instruction until admitted to the bar in 1837.
While prosecuting his studies he supported himself
by teaching school, and for six months of the last
year previous to his admission he was principal of the
academy. Immediately after his admission to the
bar he opened an office in Warren, and commenced the
practice of his profession. Having purchased Mr.
William Quintry's interest in the Western Reserve
Chronicle, he became the partner of George Hapgood
in the ownership of that establishment, and also the
editor of the paper, which he conducted for several
years. During the long and severe contest for the
pi'esideney between General Jackson and John Quincy
Adams, he was a staunch supporter of the latter.

A man of his ability and enterprise could not re-
main long in obscurity, and his talents soon procured
for him an extensive practice and a commanding po-
sition at the bar. Mr. Crowell's attention, however,
was not entirely absorbed by his profession or his
newspaper. He took a deep interest in all questions
pertaining to the moral and intellectual improvement
of the people of the surrounding country. He was
one of the earliest advocates of the principles of tem-
perance, and assisted in organizing in Warren one of
the first temperance societies in the West.

Mr. Crowell was also one of the prime movers in
t)ie organization of the first colonization society, of
which he was appointed secretary, and devoted both
time and energy to its support. At length, however,
finding it not adapted to the purpose for which it was
originated — the alleviation of the sufferings of the
slaves— he, with Gerritt Smith and others, abandoned
the society, but not by any means the cause of the
oppressed.

Mr. Crowell continued in active practice until 1840,
when he was elected to the senate of Ohio from

Trumbull county, on the Whig ticket. He possessed
in a pre-eminent degree all the higher qualities of a
successful politician, and soon became the acknowl-
edged leader of his party in his district. In 1846 he
was unanimously nominated to Congress, and was
elected by a decisive majority, his opponents being R.
P. Ranney and John Hutchins. In 1848 he was
elected by an increased majority over Judge Ranney.
In Congress he was made a member of the commit-
tee on claims and of the committee on Indian affairs.
In July, 1848, he made an able speech in the House
on the subject of " Slavery in the District of Colum-
bia," in which he earnestly protested against the slave
trade and depicted in a fearful manner some of the
abhorent practices attendant upon the traffic in hu-
man beings. In one instance he says: ''Slavery is
now, as it always has been, a disturbing element in
the Government, and there is every reason to believe
it will remain so till the last vestige of it is swept
away." In conclusion he aptly quoted what Addison
had said of Italy nearly one hundred and fifty years
before:

"How has kind Heaven adorned this happy land,
And scattered blessings with a wasteful hand !
But what avail her unexhausted stores,
Her blooming mountains, and her sunny shores,
With all the gifts that Heaven and earth impart, ,
The smiles of Nature, and the charms of Art,
While proud oppression in her valleys reigns
And tyranny usurps her happy plains.^^

In 1850, during a long and exciting debate relative
to the admission of California into the Union as a free
State, he delivered a speech which attracted general
attention, and in which he again expressed in the
strongest terms his sentiments in regard to the exten-
sion of slavery.

After his retirement from Congress he removed, in
1853, to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law.
In 1863 he was elected president of the Ohio State and
Union Law College, and continued in that position
until 1876, when, on account of failing health, he was
obliged to resign. The arduous duties of the place
were most satisfactorily discharged, and his lectures
were highly appreciated for their depth of thought
and practical application. The title of LL.D. was
conferred upon him by the Law College about the
time of his appointment to the presidency.

He was also, for some time, chief editor of The
Western Law Monthly, published in Cleveland, which
contained a series of biographical sketches from his
pen.

Mr. Crowell delivered several courses of lectures in
the Homoeopathic college, on account of which he
received the honorai-y degree of M.D., and was made
dean of the faculty.

He sei'ved in the State militia nearly twenty years,
holding the office of brigadier general, and being
finally elected major general.

He is, and always has been, an earnest advocate of
common schools; and, looking upon Christianity as
the true basis of civilization, he has throughout his

348

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

life been a decided supporter of the Christian Church.
Forty years or more ago he assisted in founding the
first Episcopal church in Warren, and held an office in
that parish until his removal to Cleveland. He is still
a member of the Episcopal Church, but is Protestant
and Evangelical, not Catholic, and therefore expresses
himself as decidedly opposed to turning parish churches
into recruiting stations, and the clergymen into drill-
sergeants for the Church of Kome.

Mr. Crovs^ell is not only a learned and accomplished
lawyer, but also takes high rank as a classical scholar.
His knowledge of history, ancient and modern, and
of English literature, is critical and scholarly. He
possesses clear and enlarged views of the the princi-
ples of legal science, in its broadest sense, ripe culture
and an exemplary character, and has filled the numer-
ous positions of honor and trust to which he has been
chosen with marked ability and unvarying fidelity.
His success in life is due to the high and noble qual-
ities of his mind, to courage undaunted by the greatest
obstacles, untiring industry and sound Judgment.
His natural gifts, physical and mental, have been
thoroughly disciplined and cultivated. His addresses,
lectures and biographical sketches were models of
elegant diction and full of valuable and interesting
points.

As a political leader he enjoyed the fullest confi-
dence of his party, and the respect of all. He has
been a member and earnest supporter of tlie Republi-
can party since its organization. As a citizen he is
highly esteemed and above reproach. He is now an
invalid, and has retired from active business. After
many years of labor, in public and private life, he
enjoys the pleasures of a quiet home, the society of a
large circle of friends and acquaintances, and the well-
earned privilege of spending the remainder of liis days
in ease and quiet.

Mr. Crowell was married in 1833 to Eliza B. Esta-
brook, of AVorcester, Massachusetts. To them have
been born five children, four of whom are living, one
having died in infancy. They are Julia K., widow of
Col. Henry G. Powers; Eliza S., widow of the late
Henry F. Clark; John Crowell, Jr., a lawyer of the
firm of M. D. Leggett & Co., and William Crowell.

CHAPTER LXVIi

BIOGBA.PHICAI1 SKETCHES— CONTINUED.

J. H. Devereux— W. H. Doan-D. P. Eells-S. T. Everetl^James Farmer
— S. O. Griswold-E. B. Hale— T. P. Handy— Benjamin Harrington-H.
J. Herrick— R. E. Herrick-0. J. Hodge— G. IV. Howe— J. M. Hoyt—
H. B. Hurlbut— John Hutch;ns— Levi Johnson -Alfred Kelley— T, M.
Kelley-C. G. King— Zenas King-E. F. Paine— R. C. Parsons— H. B
Payne— F.W. Pelton- Jacob Perkins— Nathan Perry— H. H. Poppleton.

.JOHN HENRY DEVEREUX.

John Henry Devereux, son of Captain John
Devereux, of the merchant marine, was born at Bos-
ton, ilassuchusetts, April 5, 1833. His ancestors

were among the first settlers of the colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay. He has also a long ancestry in the aris-
tocracy of the Old World, being of the twenty-sixth
generation in England and of the seventh in this
country, in direct lineal descent from Robert de
Ebroicis, or Robert D'Evreux, known in history as
one of the Norman conquerors of England in 1066.

He was educated at Portsmouth (New Hampshire)
Academy, and, early in 1848, left his home in Massa-
chusetts and came to Ohio in the capacity of a civil
engineer.

At that time he was but sixteen years old, a very in-
dependent and high-spirited boy, possessed of un-
daunted courage and unbounded enterprise. Ou
.arriving at Cleveland, he was at once employed as a
constructing engineer on the Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati railroad. After its completion he found
similar employment on the Cleveland, Painesville
and Ashtabula railroad.

In 1852 he went south, and, until 1861, was en-
gaged as civil engineer in the construction of rail-
roads in Tennessee. He was prominently connected
with the internal improvements of that State and
section, and was referee in several important cases,
as to location and construction. He became the lead-
ing spirit in railroad aflrairs, and had determined upon
residing there the remainder of his life, but on the
breaking out of the war he left Tennessee — regretfully
and regretted.

In the spring of 1862, after having made a recon-
noissance for a military railroad in the Shenandoah
valley, he received the appointment of superintendent
of military railroads in Virginia, and under it had
charge of all railroads out of Alexandria, and con-
nected therewith. It was early in the spring of 1862
that the forward movements of the Federal armies in
Virginia called for active operation, by the govern-
ment, of the railroad lines centering in Alexandria
and connecting with Washington. These lines of
railroads were in the most deplorable condition, and
in the midst of chaos, and of imperative demands for
endless transportation to and from the advancing
armies. General McCallum was suddenly called to
the head of the department of railroads, and in turn
summoned Colonel Devereux to act as the controller
and chief of the Virginia lines.

The work was herculean, and its difficulties were
well nigh insurmountable; the constant assaults of the
enemy upon the roads being almost equaled in in-
jurious effect by the intolerance and ignorance of
Federal officers, whose ambition by turns extended to
the special ownership and direction of every mile of
track, and every car and locomotive. No definite
line was drawn between the Jurisdiction of the chiefs
of the road management, of the War Department, and
of the army, but the unwritten law was none the less
exacting as laid down by quartermaster's and commis-
saries' departments, by ordnance and hospital depart-
ments, by the chiefs in command in the field. Through
the whole ran the demands necessitated by the move-

Yy\]K)<iAjnj>uuu'~^

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

349

ment of large bodies of troops, of batteries and
pontoon trains, and the carriage of the sick and
wounded.

The roads were infested with suspicious characters
and peddlers, and the trains swarmed with these, to
the injury of every interest in the service. There was
no time for preparation. Colonel Devereux plunged
into the chaotic mass, and, meeting unmoved each ob-
stacle, laid at once the foundation of discipline and
brought the strictest order and obedience into almost
instant action. He filled the reconstructed shops
with tools, and the roads with adequate equipments;
quietly and patiently but persistently developed the
system of military railroad law, and made it harmo-
nize with the regulations of each department. He
swept away with a single stroke every peddler, and
leech, and spy, and thief from the trains, which now
became in reality "through trains of government sup-
plies," as the orders required, and were manned and
officered with the most rigid discipline. He organ-
ized a corps of inspection and detection which swept
away all that was bad or suspicious, and made his eye
eye the chief sentinel of the army, before which every-
thing and everybody had to pass for recognition and
approval.

With strong practical sense he avoided clashing
between the departments by fitting the vast machine
of transportation to their wants, and thus aided greatly
all the plans of- General Haupt, as of his predecessor,
General McCallum. With unwearied energy he de-
veloped the resources of the same ponderous machine
until Alexaudria became the center of a great system,
that worked with the precision of a chronometer in
the distribution, under his hand, of countless stores,
munitions, and troops. It mattered but little how
many roadways or bridges were desti-oyed by the en-
emy, the railroad trains were never behind. Major
General Meade particularly was supplied with rations
and forage "so magnificently," as he expressed it, un-
der all circumstances, that his repeatedly expressed
appreciation removed the last obstacle that might
have remained to cause friction to the system.

It was a gallant thing, with Pope's army driven
back and scattered in confusion, to bring into Alex-
andria every car and engine in saftey— in some cases
working the cars up the grades by hand while the
ground trembled with the shock of battle. Such work
as this he repeatedly performed. It was a noble labor,
that of caring for the sick and wounded, which was
made a part of the military railroad work, and the
United States Sanitary Commission gratefully ac-
knowledged his constant and valuable aid in this direc-
tion. No officer stood better with the War Secretary
nor with the President, and, holding a position which
could have been turned into a source of immense per-
sonal gain, his integrity was beyond doubt— no man
dared even attempt to bribe him. He directed and
moved men and machines by a thorough system, and
the result was great smoothness in operation and pre-
cision in management; hence the promptness of

movement and immunity from serious accident which
marked the working of these military railroads.

In the spring of 1864 the military railroad work
was drawing to a close, and Col. Devereux felt at lib-
erty to heed the calls made for his services in civil
life. During his connection with the Army of the
Potomac he had won the good will and respect of all,
and the entire confidence of the leading men in the
army and the government with whom his position
brought him in contact. His resignation was re-
ceived with sincere regret, and he bore with him to
Ohio the hearty good wishes of those with whom he
had been associated. Accepting the management of
the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, he was its vice
president and general superintendent for five years,
and under his control it was one of the most judicious-
ly managed roads in the State.

In 186G he was invited to become vice president of
the Lake Shore railroad company, and soon after ac-
cepting that position he was elected to the presidency.
When the consolidation of the Lake Shore road with
the connecting lines between Buffalo and Chicago was
effected, under the name of the Lake Shore and Mich-
igan Southern railroad company, he was appointed
general manager, and had executive control of this
great line with all its connections and branches.
During his government the line was very successful,
and its reputation among railroads for safety and ac-
commodation to the public, and prudent and econom-
ical management in the interests of the stockholders,
stood deservedly high.

The estimate placed upon his ability as a railway
manager was so high that in June, 1873, he received
overtures from the Atlantic and Great Western and
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapo-
lis railroad companies of such a character that he
could not in justice to his own interests refuse the
offer. He accepted and held, at the same time,
the position of president of both the companies. At
the same time he was president of minor railroad
corporations, whose lines formed part of the system of
the larger companies under his direction.

When he assumed control of the Atlantic and
Great Western railroad its fortunes were at a low
ebb. Laboring under the most discouraging odds,
he succeeded in putting the line in the best condition
under the circumstances, but at the close of the year
1874 it was deemed useless to continue the struggle,
until a change in its financial condition had been ef-
fected. He was accordingly made receiver, and
shortly afterwards resigned his position as president
and director, as incompatible with that of receiver
appointed by the courts. His appointment to the
position just named was received with satisfaction
by all concerned, who knew that their clashing inter-
ests were in safe and honorable hands.

Although never a politician, Col. Devereux has al-
ways manifested an active interest in public affairs.
Twice he was tendered a nomination to Congress, but
declined. He is a man of large brain, great capacity

350

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

for work, generous impulses and a benevolent heart.
He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and very ac-
tive in its affairs, particularly in missionary and
Sunday-school work, laboring zealously and giving
freely to aid the cause of religion. In the Masonic
order he ranks high, and in 1860 was elected Thrice
Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Council of Ten-
nessee.

He was married in 1851 to Miss Antoinette C.
Kelsey, daughter of Hon. Lorenzo A. Kelsey, for-
merly mayor of Cleveland. They liave four children.

WILLIAM H. DOAN.

William H. Doan is descended from one of the
oldest families in the country, which has, for genera-
tions, supplied many substantial and worthy mem-
bers to the community. The name is an old one in
the county of Cheshire, England, and is thus alluded
to in the " Patronymic'a Brittanica" by Lower:

"Done — A great Cheshire family, whom Omerod
designates as a ' race of warriors ' who held Utkinton
(supposed to be the Done of Domesday) as military
tenants of Venables from the time of King John.
The chiefs of this house will be found in the battle-
rolls of Agincourt, Bloreheath and Plodden. The
name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled
Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family."

John Doan, the founder of the Doan family in
this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the three
first ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing at that
famous spot in the year 1630. A brother came after-
ward and settled in Canada, and another bi'other
settled in Virginia, where he founded an extensive
family. John Doan took a prominent and useful
part in the affairs of Plymouth colony, and in 1633
was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. In addi-
tion to that and other civil offices which he held, he
was made a deacon in the church at Plymouth and at
Eastham. He died in 1685 at the advanced age of
ninety-five years. His wife's name was Abigail, and
by her he had five children — Lydia, Abigail, John,
Ephraim and Daniel.

Daniel had four children by his first wife, among
wliom was Joseph Doan, who was born June 27,
1669. Joseph had twelve children by two wives. He
was a deacon of the church at Eastham for forty
years, and was a pious and God-fearing man. His
first child was named Mary after her mother, and the
second, Joseph, after his father. Joseph, Jr., was
born November 15, 1693, and married Deborah Had-
dock September 30, 1725. He moved to Middle
Haddam, near Middletown, on the Connecticut river,
and there engaged in ship-building. His children
were Joseph, Nathaniel, Seth, Eunice and Phineas.
Seth was born June 9, 1733, and married Mercy
Parker in 1758. Both died in 1802. They had nine
children— Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Job
(who died early), Mercy, Job, John M. and Deborah.
The two Seth Doans, father and son, were taken pris-

oners by the British from a merchant vessel in 1776,
during the Revolution, the father at the time being
njate of the vessel on which he was captured. They
were released in 1777, and soon after the younger
Seth died from sickness contracted while a prisoner,
and due to his captivity.

Nathaniel, fourth child of Seth and Mercy Doan,
was born about the year 1764. He came to Cuyahoga
county, Ohio, in 1796, with the party which surveyed
the Western Eeserve, and in 1798 moved thither with
his family. The route of emigration was down the
Connecticut river, along the coast by vessel to New
York, up the Hudson river, across by land to Lake On-
tario and thence by boat to the mouth of the Cuya-
hoga river. The family lived in the then little village
of Cleveland until the next fall, when they I'emoved to
what is now the east part of the city of Cleveland,
settling at the " Corners," jnst west of Wade Park.

Nathaniel Doan was a man of great piety and of
sterling qualities. The first Presbyterian church-
society in the Western Eeserve was organized in his
house, and was known as the First Presbyterian
church, of which he was appointed deacon. He mar-
ried Sarah Adams, of Chatham, Connecticut. His
children were Sarah, Job (who died young). Job,
Delia, Nathaniel and Mercy. He died November 39,
1815.

Job, his eldest son, was born June 10, 1789, and
was nine years of age when he came with his father to
Ohio, where he experienced in his youth all the pri-
vations of pioneer life. At the age of twenty-six he
was married to Harriet Woodruff, daughter of Na-
thaniel and Isabel Woodruff, of Morris county.
New Jersey. She was born August 31, 1797, and
came to Ohio in 1814. Job Doan took a prominent
part in the aifairs of the town and county. He was a
VVIiig in politics, and in 1832 and 1833 was a mem-
ber of the legislature. He was also a justice of the
peace for many years. He likewise built and kept the
first hotel in East Cleveland. Although he had but
a limited education himself, he was a liberal supporter
of educational interests, and was also an enterprising
and public-spirted citizen, charitable and generous to
a fault. He died on the 30th of September, 1834, of
cholera. He had eight children, Nathaniel Adams,
Sarah C, who is now the wife of John Walters, Har-
riet J., Lucy Ann, Martha M. (who died in infancy),
William H., Martha M., and Edwin W.

William H. Doan, the subject of this sketch, was
born in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 3d of July, 1828. He
was educated in the public schools, and the Shaw
Academy of Euclid, also attending Mr. Beatty's pre-
paratory school in Cleveland. At the age of twenty
he entered the law office of Hitchcock, Wilson &
Wade where he remained nine months. Soon after-
ward he generously voluntered to go to Sandusky to
assist in caring for the sufferers by the cholera, and
rendered faithful service until the disease abated.

In 1849 he went to California, and remained in
that State a period of ten years, engaged in various

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

351

pursuits, such as mining, trading, etc. His business
ventures proving unsuccessful, he returned to Ohio,
and, after remaining one year in Cleveland, went
to Corry, Pennsylvania, where he resided from 1861
to 1865. Daring that time he was engaged in build-
ing shanties along the line of the Atlantic and Great
Western railroad, and served as an employee in various
positions on the Oil Creek railroad. He also went
into the commission business, selling crude oil, with
a partner, under the firm name of W. H. Doan & Co.
The trade in oil rapidly increasing,' he removed to
Cleveland, where he entered more extensively into
the trafiBc. He subsequently engaged in the manu-
facture of oils and naphtha, which has proved moder-
ately successful. He employs at the present time
fifty hands, having considerably extended the busi-
ness.

As a citizen Mr. Doan deservedly takes a high rank.
A member of the Congregational church, in which he
holds the ofiSces of deacon and trustee, he has contrib-
uted freely, both in time and money, to the interests
of Christianity and charity. In public enterprise and
jDenevolent. projects he is ever ready and willing to
lend a helping hand.

He originated and built, mostly with his own funds,
the Tabernacle, located on the corner of St. Clair and
Ontario streets, which he has devoted to the use of the
people of Cleveland. He is deeply interested in the
Sunday school woi'k, serving at present as superin-
tendent of the Tabernacle school. In politics he is a
Prohibitionist, being an active and untiring worker in
tlie cause of temperance. His many social qualities
and personal virtues have won the esteem of a large
circle of friends, and the respect of all with whom he
he has been brought in contact. He was married on
the 31st of July, 1861, to Miss E. J. Hemmel, of
New York City.

DAN P. EELL8.

Major Samuel Eells came to this country from
Barnstable, England, and settled in Dorchester, Mas-
sachusetts, probably in the year 1633, where his son,
Samuel, was born. Major Eells returned to England
while his son was yet a babe, and remained until
Samuel, Jr., was twenty-one years old, who then re-
turned to the land of his nativity, and settled at Mil-
ford, Connecticut, where he was a lawyer and an officer
in the army. He died at Hiugham, Massachusetts,
at the age of sixty-nine. Nathaniel, his third son, was
graduated at Harvard University, and was settled as
pastor over the church at Scituate, Massachusetts.
Edward Eells, son of Nathaniel, was also graduated at
Harvard, and was settled over the church at Middle-
town, Connecticut. James Eells, son of Edward, was
graduated at Yale College in 1763, and like his two
preceding ancestors became a clergyman, being settled
over the church at Glastonbury, Connecticut. His
son, James, was also graduated at Yale in 1799, and
was pastor over the Presbyterian church in Westmore-

land, Oneida county, New York, in 1804. He re-
moved to Ohio in 1831, where he resided in Worth-
ington, Franklin county, in Charlestown, Portage
county, and in Amherst, Lorain county, until the
death of his wife, in 1849, after which he lived in the
families of his sons until May 3, 1866, when he died
at Grafton, Lorain county, from being injured by a
locomotive on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati
railroad.

Rev. James Eells had seven children, one of whom,
a daughter, died in infancy. The remaining six, five
sons and one daughter, all born in Westmoreland,
Oneida county, New York, lived to mature years.

James Henry was educated at Hamilton College
and Princeton Theological Seminary, was pastor of
the Presbyterian church at Elyria, Ohio, and after-
ward at Perrysburg, where he was drowned in the
Maumee river, December 7, 1836. Samuel, born May
21, 1810, was educated at Hamilton College, where
he was graduated in 1832. He became a lawyer and
settled in Cincinnati, where he was for a time a part-
ner of the late chief justice, S. P. Chase. He was
the founder of the college society. Alpha Delta Phi,
and, though less than thirty-two years of age at the
time of his death, he was ranked among the very
ablest lawyers of his time, and as an advocate had
no superior at the Cincinnati bar. Mary Lucretia,
born June 18, 1812, married Dr. Asa B. Brown,
at Elyria Ohio, December 31, 1835, and died at
Cleveland February 9, 1855. Timothy D wight,
born November 1, 1815, died at Cleveland, April
18, 1876. James, born August 27, 1822, was edu-
cated at Hamilton College and Auburn Theolog-
ical Seminary. He was first settled over the Pres-
byterian church at Penn Yan, New Y^'ork; was after-
wards pastor of the Second Presbyterian church in
Cleveland, and also of the Dutch Reformed church
on the Hights, in Brooklyn, New York, whence he
removed to San Francisco, and became the pastor of
the First Presbyterian church of that city. He is now
pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Oakland,
California, and professor of pastoral theology in the
San Francisco Theological Seminary.

Dan Parmlee Eells was born April 16, 1825. He
entered Hamilton College, but before completing his
course removed to Cleveland, where he continued his
studies, being graduated with the class of 1848. In
March, 1849, he was given a position in the Com-
mercial Branch of the State Bank of Ohio. Here
he remained until 1857, manifesting such decided
financial abilities and winning so many friends among
business men, that he was solicited to become a part-
ner in a private banking house, and the firm of Hall,
Eells & Co. was formed, Mr. Eells being the manag-
ing partner. In November, 1858, the managers of
the Commercial Branch Bank, desirous of regaining
his services, elected him their cashier. In tliis posi-
tion he remained until 1865, when the charter of the
institution expired. The Commercial National Bank
was now organized, and the' business of the Commer-

352

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

cial Branch Bank was transferred to it. Mr. W. A.
Otis was chosen president, and Mr. Eells, vice presi-
dent. On the death of Mr. Otis, in 1868, Mr. Eells
was elected president, and has remained in that posi-
tion until the present , time. This has heen one of
the flourishing banking institutions of the city, having
a capital stock of $1,350,000, and a large surplus.
It has always pursued a liberal but prudent policy
under Mr. Eells' management; the wisdom of which
is manifest by its large and profitable business. He
has also been interested in other large business enter-
prises; being a director and the vice president of the
Republic Iron Company; a director in the Otis Steel
and Iron Company, and having large investments in
numerous manufacturing and other enterprises.

Although so largely engaged in business, he has al-
ways found time to assist in all the benevolent projects
of the time. He is the treasurer of the Cleveland Or-
phan Asylum, and the Betliel Home has always had
his warm support. When the Cleveland Bible Society
was organized, in 1857, Mr. Eells was chosen its treas-
urer, which position he held until 1877, when he was
elected its president.

Mr. Eells married Mary, daughter of George A.
Howard, of Orrville, Ohio, on the 13th of September,
1849. They had two children; Howard Parmlce, born
June 16, 1855, and Emma Paige, born April 8, 1857.
He married as his second wife, Mary, daugliter of
Stillman Witt, of Cleveland, on the 15th of June, 1861.
By this marriage there have been four children, Eliza
Witt, born July 1, 1867, who died from injuries by
explosion of the steamer "Chautauqua," on Chautau-
qua lake, August 15, 1871; Stillman Witt, born April
24, 1873; and William Hamilton and Winifred Doug-
lass, (twins), born October 30, 1874; of whom William
H. died July 16, and Winifred D. July 17, 1875. Mr.
Eells is an elder of the Second Presbyterian church,
and is one of its most active supporters. A descend-
ant of a long line of honorable and educated ancestors,
six generations of whom have been clergymen in
the New England Presbyterian and Congregational
churches, Mr. Eells' life has been an example, socially
and morally, of what may be expected from such a
lineage.

SYLVESTER T. EVERETT.

The subject of this sketch, a son of Samuel Ever-
ett, a prominent merchant and manufacturer, was
born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio,
on the 27th of November, 1838. He was educated in
the common schools of his native town and lived on
his father's farm until 1850. In that year he came
to Cleveland, to reside with his brother. Dr. Henry
Everett; attending the public schools until 1853,
when he entered the employ of S. Raymond & Co.
In March of the succeeding year he was admitted to
a clerkship in the banking house of Brockway, Wa-
son, Everett & Co., and three years after his en-
trance was promoted to the position of cashier. In

1859 he was called to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to
aid in settling up the affairs of his uncle, Charles
Everett, Esq., a well known merchant, who was
about to retire from active business life. After a
year spent in that work he returned to Cleveland and
resumed his position in the banking house.

In 1867, the firm having changed by the retirement
of two of the partners, he became a member of the
new firm of Everett, Weddell & Co. In 1869 the
Republicans nominated him for city treasurer, and
he was elected by a decided majority. At the end of
the first year he presented to the council a clear, con-
cise and complete statement of the financial affairs of
the city. This had not been done for some time be-
fore. The outstanding obligations of the city were
at the same time managed with such ability that the
outlay for interest was largely reduced, and the credit
of the city was so greatly improved that the municipal
bonds were sought for by investors at a decided ad-
vance, and in many instances a premium. This im-
proved condition of the city's financial management
continuing, he was renominated at the end of his
term of two years, and re-elected by a large majority.

In 1873, at the end of his second term, he was
nominated by both the Republican and Democratic
conventions, and was again elected, receiving the
largest vote that had ever been polled for one candi-
date from the organization of the city to that time.
In 1875, and again in 1877, the same complimept
was paid him; he being a third time the. nominee
of both parties, and elected by a unanimous vote.
In 1879 he was unanimously nominated by the Re-
publican party — the Democrats making a separate
nomination. This election was hotly contested upon
local issues, but he nevertheless was elected by about
five thousand majority, running nearly three thousand
votes ahead of his ticket.

The confidence of the public in Mr. Everett's abil-
ity as a financier, and his trustworthiness as a man,
was shown not only by his election for six consecutive
terms to one of the most important and responsible
positions in the city government, but also by the
other offices of trust to which he was chosen without
his seeking. In 1876 he was elected one of the direc-
tors and also vice president of the Second National
Bank, one of the leading institutions of the State.
He assumed the management on the 1st of June,
1876, and the following year was made the president,
which position he still holds. He is also vice presi-
dent and treasurer of the Valley Railway Company,
and it was largely through his influence that funds
were raised for the completion of this road. He is
a director of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company;
of the Union Steel Screw Company; the Citizens'
Savings and Loan Association; the Saginaw Mining
Company, Lake Superior; the American District Tel-
egraph Company, and of Everett, Weddell and Co.,
bankers; he is also a director and the treasurer of the
Northern Ohio Fair Association. All these enter-
prises have found in him an efficient and trustworthy

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

353

officer. In addition, the managers of several others
have secured his co-operation, feeling assured that the
trust confided in him would be wisely and faithfully
managed. His capacity for work is almost unlimited,
and his financial ability is unquestioned, while his uni-
form good temper, displayed in all business transac-
tions, renders him one of the most popular of Cleve-
land's citizens. He is enterprising and public spirit-
ed, liberal and benevolent in regard to charitable
institutions and causes, and highly esteemed in all the
relations of life.

JAMES FARMER.

Jiimes Farmer is a native of Georgia, having been
born near Augusta on the 19th day of July, ] 802.
His ancestors came from England during the early
partdf the seventeenth century, where the family had
been honorably mentioned since the days of Henry
the Eighth, and especially so during the time of
Charles the Second.

Mr. Parmer's grandfather took an active part on the
patriot side in the stirring scenes of the Revolution,
participating in numerous battles fought in Georgia
and the Carolinas. His father, on account of slavery,
decided to leave the South, and in 1805 moved to
the then newly admitted State of Ohio, settling upon
a tract of land in Columbiana county, where he re-
mained until the fall of 1818, when he removed to
what is now known as Saliueville, in the same county.

Here young James grew to manhood, availing him-
self of such opportunities as then existed for acquir-
ing an education, while devoting a large share of his
time to helping on the farm and in the manufacture
of salt, which his father had undertaken. In 1834,
at the age of twenty-two, the young man leased his
father's salt works, and, having enlarged them, de-
voted himself for four years to this industry.

In 1838, however, he concluded to extend his busi-
ness, and therefore crossed the mountains to Phila-
delphia and purchased a stock of goods suitable to
the demands of a new country; thus beginning a
mercantile career in which he continued nearly thirty
years.

In 1834 Mr. Farmer was married to Miss Meribah
Butler, a young lady of English parentage who had
previously removed with her parents to Ohio from
Philadelphia.

In 1838 he built what was for those times a large
flouring mill, after which he increased his business
by purchasing wheat and manufacturing it into flour,
wiiich he shipped to the cities of New York, Phila-
delpliia, Boston and New Orleans. In carrying on
these pursuits, Mr. Farmer had occasion to travel very
widely, thus acquiring a knowlege of the great com-
mercial interests of the country, and coming into
business relations with a large circle of wealthy and
influential men.

In 1844, before the era of railways in Ohio, when
the transfer of freight and passengers was carried

on principally by water, Mr. Farmer built a fine
steamer which was employed several years in the
profitable trade of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers;
running between Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis and
New Orleans. In the year 1846 Mr. Farmer, with
his usual enterprise, was foremost in securing a char-
ter for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad company.
He was made its president and devoted his time,
his money and, what was most important of all, his
untiring energy, to the construction of the road.
Under his able mana.gement it was completed from
Cleveland to the Ohio river in about five years. This
road opened up a large amount of mineral wealth,
and gave a great impetus to the business of Cleveland,
especially to the coal trade.

In 1856 Mr. Farmer removed with his family to the
"Forest City," and engaged in the coal business;
having mines of his own which he has worked success,
fully for the past twenty-five years. Since coming to
Cleveland he has also identified himself with the man-
ufacturing of iron, and with the banking interests of
the city.

In 1858 Mr. Farmer was again called to the presi-
dency of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad com-
pany, and in order to facilitate its management the
superintendency was also assigned him. It was mainly
through his wise and economical administration that
the road was ke2)t from falling into the hands of its
bondholders, a fate that befel many railroads after
the disastrous financial crash of 1857. In 1859 Mr.
Farmer, feeling that the company was again upon a
safe footing, retired from the presidency. He re-
mained a member of the board of directors, however,
for several years longer, when he withdrew entirely,
having served the company, in all, nearly twenty
years.

Mr. Farmer, although devoting himself principally
to his own business, ever kept the welfare of Cleve-
land in view, and, as he was convinced that the city's
greatness depended on its manufactures, he deter-
mined to labor for the construction of a new railway-
line to the nearest coal fields. In 1870 he began,
through the press and otherwise, the agitation of the
subject, as one of vital importance to the future pros-
perity of the city.

In 1871 the Valley railway company was organized,
the object of which was to build a road from Cleve-
land by way of Akron and Canton, into the very
heart of the great coal and iron fields of Ohio. Mr.
Farmer was chosen president of the company and the
work of construction begun in the spring of 1873.
Owing, however, to the great financial crash in the
fall of that year, the work was suspended, but the
company's affairs kept in such trim that it was able to
go on at the first oi)portunity, and in 1878 the first
rails were laid. At the present time the road is nearly
completed to Canton, a distance of sixty miles from
Cleveland, and its entire success is fully assured. Mr.
Farmer has thus been the principal promoter of two
railways, one of which has given to Cleveland its

354

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

great manufacturing importance as well as that large
part of its commerce which depends on its manufac-
tures, and the other of which promises largely to in-
crease both its commerce and its manufactures.

Mr. Parmer is now seventy-seven years of age, but
is still hale and hearty. He has the companionship
of his wife and five children, and with his children's
children around him still looks forward to many years
of useful life. He is an honored member of the Soci-
ety of Friends. He has never sought political prefer-
ment, but has moved quietly in the business walks of
life, devoting his time and energy to enterprises for
the public good, believing that a man has higher
duties than the mere acquisition of wealth, and that
he who lives to benefit mankind has ennobled his own
soul, and may well rest when life's labor is done.

He possesses a well-balanced mind, maturing all his
plans by careful consideration, has a calm judgment,
is serene in disposition, and is charitable to the fail-
ings of others. He is genial as a friend, kind and
indulgent as a husband and father, and is generally
esteemed, respected and beloved. He is a close ob-
server of both men and things, and may truly be said
to be the architect of his own fortunes. He possesses
a strong will which has carried him over all obstacles
in his business enterprises. He has lived to see his
efforts for the public good crowned with success, and
is entitled to enjoy the honorable old age that is his.

SENECA O. GRISWOLD.

This gentleman, a prominent member of the legal
fraternity of Cleveland, was born at Windsor, Con-
necticut, on the 20th of December, 1823. He is a
direct descendant in the sixth generation from Ed-
ward Griswold, who settled in Windsor in 1635, and
who was the ancestor of a considerable number of
men, distinguished in literature, science and pro-
fessional life.

In his youth, Mr. Griswold attended the Suffield
Connecticut Literary Institute until he attained his
seventeenth year. In 1841 he came to Ohio, and the
following year entered Oberlin College as a member
of the freshman class. He was graduated in 1845
and immediately afterward returned to Connecticut,
where he taught for one year in the academy of his
native town.

Eeturning to Ohio at the expiration of that time,
he entered the law ofiice of Messrs. Bolton & Kelly,
of Cleveland, and remained with them until admitted
to the bar in 1847. In the spring of 1848 he formed
a partnership with the Hon. John C. Grannis, and at
ouce entered on the practice of his profession. After
remaining in that partnership three years he entered
the firm of Bolton & Kelly, the name of which then
became Bolton, Kelly & Griswold. In 1856 Mr. Bol-
ton was elected to the bench, and the firm then
changed its name to Kelly & Griswold, which appel-
lation it retained until the death of the former gentle-
man in 1870.

In 1861 Mr. Griswold was elected a member of the
general assembly, and served one term. While a mem-
ber of the legislature he afforded valuable assistance
in organizing the railroad sinking-fund commission
and also in procuring for the city a paid fire depart-
ment. The year after tlio death of Mr. Kelly he
formed a copartnership with Mr. Isaac Buckingham,
a former student, with whom he was associated two
years.

He was then, in 1873, elected one of the judges of
the superior court of Cleveland, and during the same
year was elected, by both Democrats and Eepublicans,
as a member of the State constitutional convention.
In this convention he held a prominent position, serv-
ing, with marked ability as chairman of the commit-
tee on coi'porations and as a member of the appor-
tionment committee. Mr. Griswold was chieiiy in-
strumental in establishing the Cleveland Law Library
association, of wiiicli he was, for many years, the pres-
ident.

Upon the expiration of his judicial term Mr.
Griswold returned to the practice of his profession
with renewed ardor, and in 1878 again became
associated with Mr. Grannis, which connection he
has maintained to tlie present time.

He delivered an oration at the centennial celebra-
tion in the city of Cleveland, on the 4th of July, 1876,
which was acknowledged by all to be an eloquent and
able address, well worthy of the occasion which called
it forth.

As a judge Mr. Griswold commanded the respect of
all by his learning and impartiality, and as a lawyer
he stands in the front rank of the profession; his ex-
tensive reading, well-balanced judgment and logical
reasoning making him a most reliable counselor and
successful practitioner.

Mr. Griswold was married, in 1858, to Helen Lucy
Eobinson of Westfield, New York. His wife died in
1871, since when he has remained unmarried.

EDWm B. HALE.

The subject of this sketch, who is one of the most
prominent and successful bankers and business men
of the city, belongs to one of the oldest and best known
families in England and the United States; and,
although it would greatly transcend the limits allowed
here to trace its history at length and mention all who
have reflected credit on their ancient and honorable
name, yet a brief notice of a few points may not be
inappropriate.

In the history and antiquities of the county of
Essex, England, by Philip Mornant, London, 1768,
we find numerous references to the family of Hales.
As early as the thirteenth century the family name
appears among the burgesses in parliament, and is re-
ferred to in the history of the reigns of Richard
the First, Edward the Third and their immediate
successors. Many members of the family were called
to offices of trust and position by the communities in

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

353

which they lived, and the name is mentioned with
honor in both civil and military annals — Sir Mat-
thew Hale, the upright Judge, being one of the most
distinguished of the family. The office of high sheriff
of the county was frequently filled by some one bear-
ing the name of Hale, and the family has almost con-
tinously had a representative in one or both houses
of parliament.

Members of the family at an early date settled in
New England; the first settler of the name in Con-
necticut being Samuel Hale, (sou of William Hale,
Esq., of Kings Walden, England, high sheriff of Hert-
fordshire in 1621, who married Rose, duiaghter of Sir
George Bond, Knight Lord Mayor of London, in
1587,) who located in the neighborhood of Hartford
about the year 1640. In the annals of Glastonbury,
Connecticut, (so named from the famous old monastic
town iu England, which was distinguished as a seat
of learning and where the first Christian church was
erected about the year 600) we find th^ names of his
descendants quite prominent; they being engaged in
various wars of the olden time — notably in King Phil-
ip's war, the old French and Indian war and the wai' of
the Revolution. In the war of the Revolution no less
than sixteen able bodied men, heads of families, by
the name of Hale, all from this small settlement of
Glastonbury, attached themselves to the army as sol-
diers and gave good evidence of their patriotism by
risking their lives in their country's service.

Philo Hale, the father of the subject of this sketch,
was a man of remarkable energy and enterprise, and
was the first who engaged iu and established the
business of ship building on the Connecticut river,
which he conducted successfully until the sudden
outbreak of the war of 1813. The war ruined
his business and involved him in serious loss. He
afterwards traveled extensively abroad, but, finding no
foreign country like his native land, came back, im-
proved his broken fortunes and, attracted by the
beauty of the prairie country, gave his means and ener-
gies to the development of the interests of central Illi-
nois, where he died In 1848, universally esteemed and
respected as a public-spirited citizen.

The son of whom we write was born in Brooklyn,
Long Island, February 8, 1819. During his infancy
his parents removed to Connecticut, and gave him in
early youth the advantages of the best schools. The
death of his mother, two brothers and a sister, at an
early period of life, prevented him from entering Yale
College, and defeated all the family plans for his fur-
ther education. The young boy then found himself
dependent upon the sympathy of distant relatives. He
came to Ohio, and entered Kenyon College in 1837,
where he gave his entire attention to his studies and
graduated with the honors of his class in 1841, having
a personal friend in every member of the faculty and
the kind regard of all his fellow students. Fond of
letters, it was his intention to devote himself to the
pursuts of literature, but after much discussion, and
rather in deference to the wish of his father, he turned

his attention to the legal profession and entered the
office of Goddard & Converse, attorneys at Zanesville,
Ohio, and was admitted to the bar, after an examina-
tion conducted by the Hon. Joseph Root, in 1843.
After this, business required his presence in Illinois,
and absorbed his attention for several years.

In 1853, after the death of his father, he removed
to Cleveland, attracted thither by its beautiful situa-
tion, its climate, the enterprise of its citizens, and its
educational and other advantages. He there com-
menced business as a private banker and is still so
engaged. Mr. Hale is a strictly conscientious and
conservative man, cautious and considerate, thought-
ful and well balanced. In his business relations he is
highly respected, and his counsel is freely and fre-
quently sought. In his immediate social circle genial
and pleasant, he is cherished and beloved. As a citizen
he is quiet and unostentatious, but always interested
in every measure for the public good, and the poor have
ever found in him a true and sympathetic friend.

In 1846 he was married to the daughter of S. N.
Hoyt, Esq., of Chardon, Ohio, and now has three
sons and four daughters living, some of whom are
married and reside in the immediate neighborhood of
their father's residence.

TRUMA.N P. HANDY.

Truman P. Handy was born in Paris, Oneida coun-
ty, New York, on the 17th day of January, 1807. He
received a good education at an academy and made
preparations for entering college, but at the age of
eighteen he accepted a clerkship in the Bank of
Geneva, in Ontario county in that State. Five years
later he resigned and removed to Buffalo, to assist in
the organization of the Bank of Buffalo, in which he
held the position of teller for one year.

In 1832 he removed to Cleveland, having been in-
vited there for the purpose of resuscitating the Com-
mercial Bank of Lake Brie, established in 1816, the
charter of which had been purchased by Hon. George
Bancroft, of Massachusetts. Mr. Handy accepted
the post of cashier and reorganized the bank, which
prospered until 1843, when its charter expired and a
renewal was refused by the legislature. In the finan-
cial crash of 1837 it had been compelled to accept
real estate in settlement of the estate of its involved
customers, and thus became one of the largest land-
holders in the city. When its business was closed
Mr. Handy was appointed trustee to divide this pop-
erty among the stockholders. This task he completed
in 1845.

Meanwhile he had, in 1843, established a private
banking house under the firm name of T. P. Handy
& Co., in conducting the business of which he met
with his accustomed success. In 1845 Mr. Handy
organized the Commercial Branch Bank, under the
act of legislature of that year authorizing the estab-
lishment of the State Bank of Ohio. He assumed
the cashiership and was also the acting manager. The

356

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

success of his uiiinagement of its affairs may be in-
fen-od from the fact that tlie stockholders realized an
average of twenty per cent, on their investments for
a period of twenty years, until the termination of the
charter in 1865.

In 1861 Mr. Handy was called upon to revive the
credit of another important institution, which had
been seriously crippled by the failure of the Ohio Life
and Trust Company. He accepted the presidency of
the establishment in question (the Merchants' Branch
of the State Bank of Ohio), and under his manage-
ment it rapidly recovered its lost ground. In Febru-
ary, 1865, it was reorganized as the Merchants' Na-
tional Bank under the United States banking law,
with a capital of one million dollars, six hundred
thousand of which were paid in. Mr. Handy was
elected president of the reorganized institution, and
conducted its affairs with great success.

From 1850 to 1860 he also served as treasurer of
the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad
company, and managed its finances with sagacity and
skill. This position he resigned in 1860, but has ever
since been a director of the company.

Mr. Handy was also among the tirst to demonstrate
the practicability of establishing a profitable commerce
with Europe, direct from the lake ports. In 1858 he
despatched three of a fleet of ten merchant vessels,
mostly laden with lumber and staves, which left
Cleveland for English ports, and since thixt time there
has been more or less direct trade maintained between
Eurof)e and the ports of the American lakes..

Mr. Handy never sought nor held positions of polit-
ical prominence. Few, however, have taken so deep
an interest in educational and philanthropic causes,
or labored so earnestly for their success. He served
as a member of the board of education with Charles
Bradbnru, and was one of that gentleman's ablest
coadjutors in the arduous task of reorganizing and
improving the school system of Cleveland. In the
Sunday-schools he was for more than forty years a
constant worker both as superintendent and teacher,
taking an actiTC part in all measures calculated to
extend their field of usefulness. For twenty-one
years he was president of the Industrial Homo and
Children's Aid Society, of which he has ever been one
of the most liberal supporters.

A life-long and sincere member of the Presbyterian
church, he is singularly free from "isms" of any de-
scription, and at all times advocated their exclusion
from moral or political theoi'ies or questions. He is
broad and liberal in his views, generous and just in
his acts, universally esteemed and jiarticularly beloved
by children. He is one of the few citizens to be
found in any community whose effective labors for the
relief of the poor and helpless, and the rescue of the
ignorant and vicious, justly entitle them to the name
(if philanthropists. He made three extended visits
to Europe, chiefly for the purpose of investigating the
financial, religious and educational systems of the old

world, and Cleveland was equally benefited with him-
self by the valuable knowledge he there gained.

In March, 1833, Mr. Handy was married to Miss
Harriet N. Hall of Geneva, New York, by whom he
has one daughter, who married Hon. John S. Newbei-
ry, of Detroit, Michigan.

BENJAMIN HARRINGTON.

Benjamin Harrington was born in Shelburn, Ver-
mont, on the 4th of February, 1806. His father,
Captain Benjamin Harrington, was a native of Coii-
necticnt, and in early life had been a sea captain, but
left the sea ftid settled in Shelburn, where for a num-
ber of years he was a leading merchant and promi-
nent business man. He built a church, and built
and owned a store, a hotel and six or more dwelling
houses, in that village.

The subject of this notice was the fifth of a family
of seven children. His father died when he was
quite young, and he was thus thrown upon his own
resources at an eai'ly age. When fifteen years old he
went to Canada, where he remained several years,
and then moved to Buffalo, New York. He returned
to Canada at the expiration of two years, and thence
moved to Cleveland in November, 1835, one year be-
fore it was incorj)orated as a city. He first leiiscd,
and kept for several years, the old Franklin House.
In 1838 he was elected alderman, and served in that
Cfipacity one year. In 1841 he was chosen council-
man, and the following year was again elected alder-
man and made president of the city council.

Mr. Harrington retired from the city government
in 1843, and did not again enter it. From that time
until 1858 he devoted his time and energy to the
management of his business, which he began to
increase by purchasing land and erecting business
blocks.

He was appointed to several positions of public
trust. Among others he was postmaster under
President Buchanan from 1858 to 1860, and was
made a State commissioner to close up the affairs of
the old Commercial Bank of Lake Erie. He was one
of the six who formed the banking firm of S. W.
Crittenden & Co., which was afterwards transformed
into the First National Bank. The application to be
thus organized was the first on record in the United
States, and one of the first acted upon.

After his retirement from active business life, Mr.
Harrington devoted his attention to the supervision
of his property and to works of charity. He gave
liberally to numerous benevolent objects, but his
charity was always governed by a wise discrimination.
In later life he took but little interest in politics. He
was a man of most generous impulses, large hearted,
and universally popular among all classes of people;
noted for his strict integrity and honor in all business
transactions, and a self-made man in the highest
sense. In every position of trust which he held he
enjoyed the complete confidence of those whom he

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

357

represented, and displayed upon all occasions his abil-
ity to perform the duties devolving upon him. He
was a sagacious business man, a kind employer and in
every respect a good citizen.

Although not a member of any church organization,
he was a liberal contributor to the cause of Christian-
ity and a constant attendant upon divine service. For
many years he was a vestryman of Trinity (Episcopal)
church. He died on the 30th of January, 1878, be-
ing just five days less than seventy-two years of age.

Mr. Harrington was married on the 17th day of
January, 1832, to Chloe W. Prentiss, daughter of
Samuel Prentiss of Rutland, Vermont. Mrs. Har-
rington died several years before her husband. They
left no family, but are mourned by the many friends
to whom they were endeared by their noble qualities
of mind and heart.

HENRY J. HERRICK.

Dr. Henry J. Herrick, one of Ohio's native sons,
who has for several years occupied a conspicuous place
among the physicians and, surgeons of Cleveland,
was born at Aurora, Portage county, on the 20th day
of January, 1833. His parents came of New England
stock, his father being a native of Massachusetts, and
his mother of Connecticut. Early in life they set
their faces toward the west, and located in Oliio,
where, with the energy and faith necessary on the
part of all good pioneers, they bravely began the
battle for existence. Beneath the watchful care of
the father, the sons and daughters were taught valu-
able lessons in the lore which leads to success; while
within the sacred domain of a Christian mother's in-
fluence they drank the inspiration of her pious teach-
ings, and ever sought to honor lier precepts by lifting
their lives to the elevated moral standard which she
had set up before them.

When Henry wasbutalad, his father removed with
his family to Twinsburg in Summit county, where
the youth divided his time between occasional attend-
ance at a public school and hard labor upon his
father's farm and in his saw-mill. Thus passed his
years upon the "even tenor of their way" until he
reached the age of eighteen, when an oifer made by
his father aroused his latent ambition, and gave shape
to his whole future career. Of all the seven sons of his
fatlier, he alone accepted the offer made by the latter;
which was that he would aid in providing a liberal
education for that son who would agree to forego all
claim to receive an " outfit " at his majority.

Henry joyfully embraced the opportunity, and
without delay began preparing for college at the
Twinsburg academy, under the capable instruction of
Rev. Samuel Bissell— still working on the farm dur-
ing his vacation. Being duly prepared at the age of
twenty-one, he entered Williams College, at Williams-
town, Massachusetts, where he spent four years in
arduous study — during which he passed his vacations
profitably in barrel-making, lumbering, and school

teaching — the latter occupation also i-equiring his at-
tention during two winters. He was then graduated
with high honors, finding himself endowed Avith not
only the learning of the schools, but with a good deal '
of practical experience and no little mechanical skill.
One of his comrades at Williams was James A. Gar-
field, since so celebrated as a soldier and statesman,
and tliese two, from their large, powerful forms, were
known as the " Ohio Giants."

Greatly to the disappointment of his father, who
hoped to see him embrace the ministry, young Her-
rick decided to enter the medical professoh, and, dur-
ing one of his vacations, he attended a partial course
of lectures at the Berkshire Medical. College, Pitts-
field, Massachusetts. Retui'ning to Ohio in 1858, he
at once went to work for his uncle, who was a farmer.
In the fall of that year, having saved tweuty-nine
dollars, he set out, with his father's consent, for
Cleveland, where he hoped by some means to make
his way through a course at the medical college.
Means he had none, save his twenty-nine dollars, and
he was, moreover, " a stranger iu a strange land,"
but he had a stout heart, and he never doubted that
he would accomplish his desire. He sought employ-
ment as a teacher, that he might earn money to pay
for his tuition, but in vain. By a lucky chance he
was directed to Dr. M. L. Brooks, in whose office he
became a student, and whom he compensated partly
with office labor, and partly with the gains derived
from teaching in one of tlie city evening schools. By
the aid of the means thus acquii-ud he also managed
to attend lectures at the Cleveland Medical College.

After teaching school subsequently (in 1859 and
1860) at Geauga Seminary, iu Geauga county, and
still later in Solon, Cuyahoga county, he went to
Chicago in the summer of 1860, where he resumed
his medical studies with Dr. Daniel Brainard, and
through the influence of that eminent surgeon he
was appointed house physician at the United States
marine hospital in Chicago. Entering' Rush Medical
College also, he graduated from that institution in
the spring of 1861 with thedegree of M.D., and about
that time received likewise from Williams College the
degree of A. M.

Returning shortly afterwards to Cleveland, he was
employed as one of Dr. Brooks' assistants at the
United States marine hospital, and in February, 1862,
entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Seven-
teenth Ohio Infantry. During a portion of his ser-
vice he was in charge of General Hospital, No. 13, at
Nashville, Tennessee. He received a commission as
surgeon in December, 1862, and at the battle of
Chickamauga, where he was in charge of the hospitals
of his division, he was captured by the enemy; being
conveyed thence to Libby prison, at Richmond. At
the expiration of two months he was exchanged, when
he returned to Cleveland on a twenty days' furlough,
and was there married (December 8, 1863,) to Miss
Mary, daughter of Dr. M. L. Brooks, his old patron
and friend.

358

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

Kejoining his regiment at Chattanooga, he accom-
panied Sherman's army in the celehrated "march to
the sea," and at Savannah resigned his commission
one mouth previous to the expiration of his term of
service.

Although greatly benefited by his extended experi-
ence in the army, he sought to still further increase his
professional knowledge in a brief season within the
lecture room of a medical college in New York city,
and, being there fitted to encounter with skill the dif-
ficulties of surgical science, he returned to Cleveland,
where, in 1865, he became associated as a partner with
his father-in-law. Dr. Brooks, with whom he continued
to practice until 1871. Since that time Dr. Herrick
has pursued alone the profession of physician and
surgeon, mounting steadily in skill and fame until he
is to-day a widely successful practitioner, and is con-
fessedly a leading representative in the "old school."
From 1865 to 1868 he filled the chair of professor
of "obstetrics and diseases of women and children" in
the Charity Hospital Medical College, and upon the
reorganization of that college as the Medical Depart-
ment of Wooster University he was chosen to be pro-
fessor of the principles of surgery, which chair he still
occupies. In 1863 he was elected president of the
Ohio State Medical Society, of which he is still an
active member. He is also a prominent member of
the American Medical Association and the Northeast-
ern and Cuyahoga County Medical Societies. He is
a frequent contributor to the valuable medical litera-
ture of the State; his papers on "tubercles" and "the
Charitable Institutions of the State," road before the
State Medical Society the present year (1879 1 being
received with marked approval.

A Presbyterian in religious faith. Dr. Herrick is an
earnest Christian worker, and devotes much of his
time, his energies and his means to labors of be-
nevolence; his heart, as well as his professional
instincts responding gladly to the calls of suffering
humanity, while his outstretched hand is an eager
servitor in a noble work.

Dr. Derrick's family consists of his estimable wife,
one daughter and three sons, all of whom reside with
their parents. Having risen unaided, save by his own
earnest and unflagging efforts, from one of the lower
rounds of life's ladder to social and professional em-
inence. Dr. Derrick has made a record which the
youth of the present time may well look upon with
respect and emulation.

RENSSELAER R. HERRICK.

Hon. Rensselaer E. Herrick, who occupies to-day
the chief magistracy of the city of Cleveland, first
set foot within that city forty-three years ago, at the
youthful age of ten, and there he has spent the sub-
sequent years of what has proven a busy and useful
existence.

Mr. Herrick comes of good old Puritan stock, and
in this country traces his ancestry back to 1639, when

his great-grandfather's great-gi"andfather, Ephraim
Herrick, came over from Leicester, England, to
mend his fortunes in the western world. Ephraim
Herrick settled in Connecticut upon reaching the
shores of America, and there his descendants con-
tinued to live and multiply until within less than a
century, when they began to migrate from classic
New England to newer and more inviting fields. To
connect the past with the present, it may be noted
that Eensselaer R. Herrick's father, Sylvester P., was
boi-n in Clinton, New York, in 1793; his grandfather,
Andrew, in Connecticut, April 7, 1763; his great-
grandfather, Andrew, in Preston, Connecticut, Feb-
ruary 10, 1727; his great-grandfather's father, Eph-
raim, in Connecticut in 1693; and his great-grand-
father's grandfather in Connecticut in 1638.

Andrew Herrick, grandfather of Cleveland's pres-
ent mayor, removed about 1790 with his family to
Clinton, New York, in company with a band of Con-
necticut colonists, and became, later on, a prominent
citizen of that place, closely identified with the suc-
cess of Hamilton College, of Clinton, a widely known
and popular institution of learning.

Sylvester P., the son of Andrew, entered in early
manhood upon active business pursuits and was suc-
cessively a prominent merchant in Clinton, Vernon
and Utica; in which latter place he resided at the
time of his death.

In Utica, on the 39th day of January, 1836, Eens-
selaer E. Herrick first saw the light, and in 1838 his
father died. His childhood days moved uneventfully
along until he reached the age of ten, when the sturdy
and resolute lad set out for the West, to seek his for-
tune and to do his little share toward the support of
his widowed mother's family.

Reaching Cleveland, he obtained employment in the
printing office of the Ohio City Argus, located on the
west side of the Cuyahoga. '|'here he remained,
learning the printer's art, until 1839. He then en-
gaged in such occupations as he could find, and
until 1843 he divided his time between attending
school and earning a livelihood.

Being then seventeen years old, he decided to be-
come a carpenter. Taking service with a prominent
builder, he so improved his time and opportunities
that at the expiration of three years, when he had
reached the age of twenty, he began business on his
own account as a builder and contractor. This occu-
pation he steadily pursued until 1870, when he was
able to retire from active business and to enjoy the
ease which had been won by a quarter of a century of
unflagging industry.

Mr. Herrick's first appearance in public life was
made in 1855, when he was chosen a member of the
Cleveland city council, and this mark of public con-
fidence was successively repeated in 1856, 1857 and
1858. After that, for the space of ten years, the
pressing cares of business compelled him to decline
all public honors; but in 1869, yielding to the pressure
of the popular demand, he was again elected. a mem-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

359

ber of the council. In 1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877 he
was a "citizen's member" of the board of improTe-
ments, and in 1879 he was elected mayor of the city
for the term of two years.

Mr. Herrick joins with his public duties the presi-
dency of the Dover Bay Grape and Wine Company, of
which he was one of the organizers, and serves also as
a member of the board of trustees of the Society for
Savings, with which institution he has for many years
been prominently identified.

A "Whig in the early days of his career, Mr. Herrick
became a Republican upon the organization of that
party, of which he has since continued to be a staunch
member.

The characteristics of activity, industry and good
judgment stand out clear and bold in this brief
sketch of the successful career of Mayor Herrick, and
the valuable lessons taught by the unswerving steadi-
ness of purpose which marked his progress through
life may well be laid to heart by the rising generation
of the present time. In every sense the author of his
own fortunes, Mr. Herrick has fully earned the right to
rest in mature life, and to the consciousness of having
" made himself," adds that of knowing that his course
of life has received the approbation of his fellow citi-
zens, as manifested by the numerous public trusts
conferred upon him. He has been, for the space of
forty-three years, closely connected with the rise, pro-
gress and prosperity of Cleveland, and in the mellow
years of life's autumn enjoys the distinction of being
one of its most honored citizens.

OELANDO J. HODGE.

The subject of this sketch was born November 35,
1838, in Hamburg, Erie county. New York. He is
the son of Alfred Hodge, an early settler of Buffalo,
and a descendant of John Hodge of Windsor, Con-
necticut, who, on the 13th of August, 1666, married
Susanna Denslow, daughter of Henry Denslow, the
first settler of Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The
family is possessed of a complete genealogy, running
from 1646 to date. Alfred Hodge, the father of the
subject of this sketch, died of cholera at Buffalo,
July 11, 1832.

In June, 1842, Mr. Hodge left Buffalo; landing
in Cleveland on Sunday, the 13th day of that month.
Here he first commenced work in a printing office,
continuing in that occupation for a number of years.
In April, 1847, then in his nineteenth year, he en-
listed for the Mexican war, embarking at New York
the following month. He was destined to pass
through many hardships and perils before he reached
the seat of war. On the first evening out, before the
transport had got fairly to sea, she collided with a
Spanish man-of-war and had to put back to New
York in a badly damaged condition. On the 15th of
the same month he sailed again for Mexico. All
went well until the morning of tiio 33rd, when the
vessel was wrecked sixty miles from the island of

Abaco, the nearest point to land. Fortunately the
volunteers and crew, of which there were about one
hundred and twenty, were saved by the bark " Ala-
bama," bound to Havana, and safely landed at that
port on the 1st day of June. After spending a few
days in Havana, the troops crossed the gulf and en-
tered Mexico. Mr. Hodge remained in the enemy's
country until the close of the war, doing service
under Generals Zachary Taylor and John B. Wool.
Hostilities having ceased, he returned to New York,
and, on the 16th of August, 1849, was honorably dis-
charged.

Shortly after, he entered Geauga Seminary, in
Geauga county, Ohio. Leaving school in 1851, he
taught for some time, and then again took up his
residence in Cleveland. In the spring of 1853 Mr.
Hodge was elected clerk of the police court by a large
majority, receiving more votes than' were cast for any
other candidate for any oifice. At the expiration of
a three-years term he declined a renomination.

In 1857 Mr. Hodge removed to Chicago, where he
opened a printing ofSce on his own account. He re-
mained in that city until April, 1860, when, having
disposed of his printing establishment, he went to
Connecticut and there engaged in mercantile busi-
ness. A short time after his arrival he was made
postmaster of the village in which he resided (Rob-
ertsville), filling the office for six years. He took an
active interest in public affairs, and by his intelli-
gence and upright conduct won the confidence of all
who knew him. In 1863 Mr. Hodge was elected to
the house of representatives of Connecticut, and in
1864 was chosen a member of the State Senate. He
served his constituents so satisfactorily that he was
returned to the Senate for a second term by an in-
cresised majority, though the district had not for
thirty-five years previous elected a man two suc-
cessive terms. He was made presiding officer of the
Senate by the unanimous vote of his colleagues, and
discharged the duties of the position in a manner
which was highly commended. By this time he had
become prominent in State politics, and was generally
respected and trusted. During the war Governor
Buckingham appointed him on a commission to visit
the front in the interest of Connecticut's sick and
wounded soldiers. Mr. Hodge was also personally
authorized by the governor to receive the vote of the
Connecticut soldiers in the field cast for President in
1864. He discharged the duties of both these posi-
tions with intelligence and fidelity.

In 1867 Mr. Hodge disposed of his interests in Con-
necticut and returned to Cleveland, where he engaged
in real estate operations. In 1871 he was elected to
the city council, being successively re elected in 1873
and 1875. In 1876 he was elected president of the
council, and at the end of his term he refused to be
again a candidate for that body. In 1873 Mr. Hodge
was elected to the Ohio house of representatives, and in
1875 was re-nominated by acclamation and elected by
one of the largest majorities ever given in the county.

360

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

He failed by only a few votes of being elected speaker,
and was unanimously cbosen as speaker pro tern. In
1874 he was admitted to the bai'.

In 1878 Mr. Hodge purchased the Cleveland Post,
and a few weeks later a one-half interest in the Cleve-
land Voice. The two papers were consolidated, and
he now has editorial management of the combined
journal, the Voice.

Jlr. Hodge has borne an active part in the sup-
port of every public enterprise which promised to
promote the growth and prosperity of Cleveland. He
was one of the earliest advocates of the viaduct pro-
ject, and to him is given the credit of being the chief
mover in getting the land along the lake for park pur-
poses. He is a skillful debater, a forcible speaker,
and one of the best parliamentarians in Ohio.
Throughout his private and public life he has main-
tained a character for strict integrity. He has been
successful in business as a result of hard work and
natural fitness for the conduct of affairs. He was a
Democrat until the outbreak of the rebellion, but
ever since has been a thorough -going Republican.
Mr. Hodge was married on the 15th of October, 1855,
to Lydia R. Doane, of Cleveland, by whom he has
one son, Clark R. Hodge.

GEORGE WILLIAM HOWE.

The Howe family is an old one in England, and
dates its origin in this country from John Howe,
born in England in 1613, who was a resident of Sud-
bury, Massachusetts, in 1037, and died in Marlboro
in 1639. Samuel, his son, married Martha Bent, by
whom he had thirteen children. He died at Sud-
bury, April 13, 1703. Moses, son of Samuel, was
bom August 37, 1695. He had ten children, of
whom Samuel was the first male child, born in Rut-
land, Massachusetts. Another son, Elijah, was born
in Rutland April 10, 1743; married Deborah Smith,
of Leicester, and removed to Spencer in June, 1759.
They had nine children, among whom was Elijah,
born in Leicester, who died in 1816. He married
Fanny Bemis, by whom he had nine children. Wil-
liam, son of Elijah, and father of the subject of this
sketch, was born in Spencer May 13, 1803. In 1838
he married Miss A. T. Stone of Charlton, Massachu-
setts. They had eight children. Different members
of this family have been noted for inventive genius,
among whom the most prominent, perhaps, is Elias
Howe, inventor of the sewing machine, who was a
nephew of William Howe. The latter himself pos-
sessed superior inventive powers. At an early age he
learned the trade of a carpenter and builder. After
finishing his apprenticeship he entered the academy
at Leicester, where he obtained a good education.
He then commenced erecting buildings by contract,
churches being a specialty. In 1844 he took out
his first patent for what has since become widely
known as the Howe truss-bridge. Two years later,
having made great improvements, a new patent was

issued. He subsequently furnished the plans and
specifications for the bridges on the St. Petersburg and
Moscow railroad in Russia. He died in 1853 in the
prime of life, from the effects of a fall from his car-
nage. He was an eminently self-made man, and had
the promise of a brilliant and useful future when thus
cut off at a premature age.

George W. Howe was born in Spencer, Worcester
county, Massachusetts, on the 39th of October, 1833.
He was educated in Springfield, and in 1853 came to
Cleveland, Ohio, where he effected an engagement on
the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad.
Remaining in that position until the Lake Shore
railroad was completed to Madison, Ohio, he then be-
came connected with the latter.

In 1859 he abandoned railroading to engage in the
milling business with Messrs. Hubby, Hughes & Co.,
building what is known as the National mills. This
venture not proving successful he, upon the organi-
zation of the First Ohio Volunteer Artillery, enlist-
ed and was commissioned quartermaster, equipping
eleven out of the twelve batteries that went to the
front. He accompanied General Barnett and his
staff up the Cumberland river to Nashville, reaching
that place two or three days' after its evacuation by
the Confederate army. They were then attached to
General Thomas' division and ordered to Pittsburg
Landing. Mr. Howe meeting with an accident by
being thrown from his horse, was ordered by General
Thomas to go ahead as speedily as possible to Savan-
nah, get comfortable quarters and remain until recov-
ered. He arrived at Savannah the second day of the
battle of Pittsburg Landing; the town being crowded
with the wounded brought from the field of battle.
He at length succeeded in procuring accommodations
on one of the steamers plying between Savannah and
Pittsburg Landing, and remained on board a week.
He then rejoined his regiment, with which he re-
mained until after the evacuation of Corinth.

Returning to Cleveland, he engaged in mercantile
pursuits until, his health becoming impaired, he
went to Europe, where he spent six months in travel
and recreation. In 1867 Elias Howe wished to ex-
tend his business in Europe; G. W. Howe went to
London and established headquarters for the Howe
machine in that city and also in Paris — organizing
branches in all the principal cities of Europe, besides
looking after the exhibits of the Howe company at
the Paris Exhibition.

In 1870 he returned to the States and established
the business in Ohio. In March, 1873, he was sent
by the company as its repi-esentative at the Vienna
Exhibition. Owing to trouble with some of the
American commissioners. Minister Jay appointed
three citizens of the United States to act until Jack-
son S. Schultz should arrive. The exhibitors, feeling
that their interests were not being properly cared for,
were permitted by Mr. Jay to select four of their num-
ber to act with those whom he had named. Mr. Geo.
W. Howe was chosen as one of their number. He was

-SnS'JyAE:=J-Ji'^'«'-

^^,c/-/rT7>^.^^

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

361

also made a chevalier, receiving from the emperor
the order of Francis Joseph, and became a member
of the Society of Arts and Sciences for Lower Austria,
receiving their diploma and silver medal.

In 1874 he returned to Cleveland, and in 1876 was
connected with the Ohio department at the Centen-
nial Exhibition, remaining there seven months.
Soon after the inauguration of President Hayes he
was appointed collector of customs at Cleveland, and
is at present acting in that capacity. Mr. Howe has
always been active in the support of pxiblic enter-
prises, and of all local interests and improvements.
He has been a member of the Northern Ohio Pair
Association from its organization, having served three
years as its secretary, and being now a member of
its executive committee. From 1876 to 1879 he
was a member of the police board. He is a Mason of
high standing; being a Knight Templar, and recorder
of the Holyrood commandery of Cleveland.

It is unnecessary to add any comments upon the
traits of Mr. Howe's character. His record shows
for itself iis that of a man of enterprise, public spirit
and superior ability. He was married in November,
1874, to Miss Kate Lemen, daughter of William
Leraen of Cleveland.

JAMES M. HOYT.

This gentleman was born in Utica, New York, Jan-
uary 16, 1815. He received an excellent education,
graduating from Hamilton College in that State in
1834. He immediately commenced the study of law
in Utica, but iu a short time removed to Cleveland,
where he continued his studies in the law office of
Andrews & Foot. In 1837 the partnership of An-
drews, Foot & Hoyt was formed, which continued
until 1848, when Mr. Andrews was elected judge of
the superior court of Cleveland. This necessitated
his withdrawal, but the firm of Foot & Hoyt contin-
ued until 1853, when Mr. Hoyt retired from the prac-
tice of law.

He then became extensively engaged in the purchase
and sale of real estate in Cleveland and its vicinity.
He operated on his own account and also in company
with other capitalists, purcliasing large tracts in and
around the city, which were divided into lots and sold
for homesteads. Nearly one thousand acres of city
and suburban property were owned by him, either
wholly or jointly with others, which were sub-divi-
ded into lots and sold for settlement. He opened
and named more than a hundred streets, being largely
instrumental in opening Prospect east of Hudson,
besides selling a large amount of land on Kinsman,
Sk Clair and Superior streets; also on Madison ave-
nue on the West Side, Lawn and Colgate streets, and
Waverly avenue.

In all his transactions he showed great generosity
toward those with whom he dealt, and especially to-
ward the poor and those whom misfortune or sickness
had disabled. Not a man in Cleveland has been re-

garded with greater esteem and respect than Mr.
Hoyt. For many years he had the power to deal rigid-
ly with the poor with a show of justice and legality.
This power he never exercised, and many are the
grateful tributes he has received from the humble re-
cipients of his favors.

In 1835 Mr. Hoyt united with the Baptist Church,
in Utica, New York, and shortly after coming to
Cleveland became connected with the First Baptist
church in that city; being superintendent of its Sunday
school over twenty-six years. He then resigned, be-
coming the teacher of a Congregational bible-class.
In 1854 he was licensed to preach the gospel by the
church with which he was connected. He was never
ordained and never contemplated it; but has since
then preached at intervals, and has labored more or
less in nearly all the Protestant denominations, both
in Cleveland and elsewhere.

In 1854 Mr. Hoyt was chosen president of the Ohio
Baptist State convention, and was annually re-elected
to that position for more than twenty-four years. He
was also chosen president of the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, the national organization for
Baptist missions in North America, and retained that
position until 1870, when he resigned. For thirteen
years he was president of the Cleveland Bible Society,
an auxiliary to the American Bible Society, of which
he is now one of the vice presidents. His addresses on
various occasions and his literary contributions have
attracted marked attention. His article on "Mira-
cles in Relation to Law," published in the Christian
Review, of October, 1863, presented the subject in
an original and striking manner, furnishing a strong
refutation of the sceptical sophistry of Hume.

In 1870 Mr. Hoyt was elected a member of the
State board of equalization, a body charged with a
high, laborious and responsible duty, the appraise-
ment of all the property in the State going through
the hands of the board. In 1873 he represented the
interests of the citizens of Cleveland on the board of
public improvements.

In 1870 Denison University, of Granville, Ohio,
conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. This,
thougli a surprise to him, was considered by all who
knew him as a well-merited distinction. Few men
have attained a culture more genuine and liberal than
he. Well versed in physical science, and thoroughly
imbued with the philosophy of history, he is also well
read in belles lettres and works of taste and criticism.
The versatility of his talents is shown by the success
he has achieved in his different callings of lawyer,
business man, preacher, lecturer and writer.

He is a liberal contributor to religious and charita-
ble objects, and during the rebellion rendered valuable
aid in numerous ways to the cause of the Union.

Mr. Hoyt was married in 1836 to Miss Mary Ella
Beebe, in New York City. To them have been born
six children, Rev. Dr. Wayland Hoyt (of Brooklyn,
New York) being their eldest son. The second, Col-
gate Hoyt, is iu business with his father in Cleveland,

363

THE CITf OP CLEVELATSID.

and the third, James M. Hoyt, is a member of the
law firm of Willey, Sherman & Hoyt, of the same city.

HINMAN B. HURLBUT.
This gentleman was born in St. Lawrence county,
New York, on the 29th day of July, 1818 and is de-
scended from the best of New England blood. His
ancestors resided for several generations in the State
of Connecticut, where his father followed the occupa-
tion of a farmer before removing to New York. His
grandfather was a captain in the Eevolutionary army,
taking a part in the memorable battle of Long Island
and other engagements. Through his mother Mr.
Hurlbut is descended from Gov. Hinman, one of the
colonial rulers of Connecticut.

At eighteen years of age the subject of this sketch,
after enjoying such educational advantages as his
vicinity afforded, removed to Cleveland and entered
the law office of his brother (H. A. Hurlbut, Esq.,)
as a student. After being admitted to the bar in
1839, he at once opened an ofiBce in Massillon, Ohio,
and in a short time secured a remunerative practice.
In 1846 he formed a partnership with the Hon. D.
K. Cartter, afterwards chief justice of the District
of Columbia, their practice being very extensive and
lucrative.

In 1852 Mr. Hurlbut retired from his profession,
having already become engaged in the banking busi-
ness as the senior member of the firm of Hurlbut and
Vinton, of Massillon. He also aided in organising
two other banking houses in the same place, " The
Merchants" and "The Union," and was a member of
the State board of control.

In 1852 he removed to Cleveland and established
still another banking house there, under the firm name
of Hurlbut & Co., retaining, however, his interests
at Massillon. He next purchased the charter of the
Bank of Commerce and reorganized it, with himself as
cashier and T. P. Handy as president. Mr. Handy
resigned the following year, when Mr. Joseph Perkins
was chosen president. After the passage of the na-
tional banking law by Congress, Mr. Hurlbut again
reorganized this institution as the Second National
Bank of Cleveland.

In 1856 the subject of this sketch, in company with
Amasa Stone, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins and
James Mason, of Cleveland, Henry B. Perkins, of
Warren and M. R. Waite, (now Chief Justice of the
United States) and Samuel Young, of Toledo, pur-
chased the charter of the Toledo Branch of the State
Bank, which they reorganized as a national bank
in 1866. This bank, under Mr. Hurlbut's manage-
ment was probably one of the most successful mone-
tary institutions ever established.

In 1865 Mr. Hurlbut was obliged to give up his
numerous business enterprises on account of the loss

of his health, and he concluded to seek rest and recre-
ation in an extended European tour. He returned to
America in 1868, but remained in retirement until
1871, when he was elected vice president of the Cleve-
land, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad
company, since which time he has been largely inter-
ested in many of the railroad enterprises of the West-
ern States. He is now president of the Indianapolis
and St. Louis and the Cincinnati and Springfield rail-
roads, and is also vice president of the Cleveland,
Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad.

While so largely interested in financial and com-
mercial enterprises, Mr. Hurlbut has found time for
the gratification of a refined taste, and his large
means, acquired by business ability and application,
have been liberally bestowed on educational and
benevolent enterprises, and in aid of the arts and sci-
ences as well as other kindred objects. He gave
largely to the City Hospital, of which he was the
founder, and he is now the president of the society
and its chief supporter. It is safe to say that there is
hardly a charitable institution in Cleveland or its vi-
cinity to which he has not liberally contributed.

Mr. Hurlbut also established tlie Hurlbut profes-
sorship of the natural sciences at Western Reserve
College, at Hudson, and endowed it with twenty-five
thousand dollars.

He has probably collected the finest gallery of paint-
ing ever brought together in Ohio, if not in the whole
West, in which are represented such artists as F. E.
Church, Alex. Cabanel, Baugereau, H. Merle, L.
Knauss, Bauguiet, Kaulbach, S. R. Gifford, Ver-
boeckhoven, Beyschlegg, Meyer Von Brunn, Bricher,
Felix Zerms, T. W. Wood, Jarvis McEntee, and otl>-
ers only less renowned.

In early life a member of the Whig party, he took
an active part in politics, and was a member of the
convention which nominated General Taylor for Pres-
ident, and ably supported him during the succeed- -
ing campaign, making a large number of speeches;
in his own district. During the war for tlie Union
Mr. Hurlbut was a staunch supporter of the govern-
ment, and gave freely to various benevolent enter-
prises called into existence by that struggle.

In May, 1840, Mr. Hurlbut was married to Miss:
Jane Elizabeth Johnson, of Oneida county, New York.
Mr. Hurlbut's life and business success have been
but another example of what may be expected from
the sons of New England — descended as they are from
the best old English stock, inspired with new life by
the stirring scenes of the Western world. Many of
them are still going farther on, as did their ancestors
of old, to build up anew country in the distant West,
and although they often have naught to begin with
save their own strong arms, stout hearts and clear
brains, yet again and again is Fortune seen to crown
their efforts with her richest gifts.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

363

JOHN HUTCHINS.

John Hutchins was born in Vienna, Trumbull
county, Ohio, July 25, 1812. His father, Samuel
Hutchins, and his mother, whose maiden name was
Flower, were natives of Connecticut, and among the
earliest settlers in the Western Reserve. Samuel
. Hutchins first came to Ohio in the year 1798, and in
1800 drove an ox-team from Connecticut to Vienna,
where he then settled. He had a family of three
sons and four daughters, the subject of this notice
being the fourth child. He was educated in the
common schools of the county until about twenty
years of age, when he pursued his studies with a
private tutor, and subsequently entered the prepar-
atory department of Western Reserve College. He
commenced the study of law at Warren, Ohio, in
1835, in the office .of David Tod, afterwards well
known as one of Ohio's ablest war governors, and was
admitted to the bar in the fall of 1838, at New
Lisbon.

After about one year's practice of his profession
he was appointed clerk of the court of common
pleas of Trumbull county, in which capacity he
served five years. He then resigned and entered the
law firm of Tod & Hoffman, which became Tod, Hoff-
man & Hutchins. He afterward became connected
with J. D. Cox, since Governor Cox, and was his part-
ner at the breaking out of the rebellion. In 1868 he
removed to Cleveland and formed a partncrsliip with
J. E. & G. L. IngersoU, under the firm name of
Hutchins & IngersoU. Subsequently he became asso-
ciated with his son, John C, now prosecuting attor-
ney, and 0. J. Campbell, as Hutchins & Campbell,
which connection he has maintained to the present
time. In 1849 and 1850 he was a member of the
legislature. This legislature called the convention
which formed the constitution of 1851.

In the year 1858 he was elected a representative to the
thirty-sixth Congress, as successor to the Hon. Josiiua
E. Giddings, and two years afterwards was re-elected
to the thirty-seventh Congress from the same district.
The territory of the district was then changed, and
from the new district Gen. Garfield was chosen to
succeed him. In Congress Mr. Hutchins took an ac-
tive part in the advanced measures for the prosecution
of the war against the rebellion, including the aboli-
tion of slavery and the employment of colored soldiei's.

He had also advocated and voted for the abolition of
slavery in the District of Columbia, and indeed had
espoused the anti-slavery cause as early as the year
1833, and was an active woi-ker till slavery was abol-
ished. He belonged to the old Liberty party, and was
mobbed in Trumbull, his native county, for declaring
his convictions on the subject of slavery. In an anti-
slavery meeting in Hudson, Ohio, about the year 1841,
in criticizing what he regarded as the pro-slavery
position of the Western Reserve College, he used lan-
guage which was distasteful to the faculty and stu-
dents, and he was thoroughly hissed by the latter.

In giving the history of the anti -slavery cause on the
Western Reserve, and in reference to the anti-slavery
efforts of President Storer and Professors Beriah Green
and E. Wright, Jr., when connected with the college,
he said, "Then an anti-slavery light blazed from
College Hill, but where is that light now?" when the
hissing continued for severalmmutes, but was finally
drowned in cheers.

We quote from the remarks of Mr. Hutchins in the
thirty-seventh Congress, as published in the Ameri-
can Annual Cyclopedia, on the subject of using col-
ored troops to put down the Rebellion: "If we can
take for soldiers minor apprentices and minor sous,
wc have the same right to take slaves; for they are
either persons or property. If they are persons we
are entitled to their services to save the Government,
and the fact that they are not citizens does not change
the right of the Government to their services as sub-
jects, unless they owe allegiance to a foreign govern-
ment. If colored persons are property we may cer-
tainly use that property to put down the rebellion."

In Congress he also took up the subject of postal
reform, introduced a bill and made an able and care-
fully prepared speech in its favor, in which he advo-
cated a reduction of postage on letters, and a uniform
rate for all distances, as well as a uniformity of pos-
tage on printed matter; and in addition especially
urged the advantages of the carrier delivery system.
These measures have since been substantially adopted
by the government. Mr. Hutchins received special
mention from the Postmaster General for his able and
persistent efforts in this direction. He is at present
occupied in the practice of his profession as a member
of the firm of Hutchins & Campbell. As a lawyer he
occupies a high rank and has ever been esteemed by
the members of the bar for his integrity, and for the
ability with which he discharges the duties devolving
upon him.

He married Ilhoda M. Andrews, by whom he has
five children, three sons and two daughters; Horace
A. and John C, living in Cleveland; Albert E., re.
siding in Chicago; Mary H., who is with her parents
in Cleveland; and Helen K. who died of typhoid
fever, at the age of twenty-two.

LEVI JOHNSON.

On the 10th of March, 1809, Levi Johnson, emi-
grating westward from New York in quest of the
land of promise (a name then bestowed by New York-
ers upon the Western Reserve) entered Cleveland in a
two-horse sleigh, with his uncle, also a western pioneer.
They pushed on to Huron county, where they halted,
and whence, after a short time, Levi returned to
Cleveland, beginning what proved to be a remarkable
career, the history of which is a part of the early his-
tory of the Forest City itself.

Mr. Johnson was born in Herkimer county, New
York, April 25, 1786, and from his boyhood until his
twenty-second year labored successively as a farm-

304

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

hand iuid carpenter; then, becoming fired with the
western fever, he journeyed to Cleveland in 1809, as
has Just been stated. He was fortunate in finding a
home in the family of Judge Walworth, for whom he
ooiitracted at once to build a framed office. This
structure (situated where the American House now
stands) was one of the first framed edifices erected in
Cleveland, and its construction was an event of no
slight importance in the little community.

Young Johnson continued to ply the saw and plane
busily for the next few years, in Cleveland and the
vicinity. In 1811 he married Miss Martin, of Huron
county, and in 1813 undertook the then important con-
tract of building a log court-house on the public square,
at Cleveland. Completing the task, he turned his back
upon carpentering and became a trader in supplies for
the army on the frontier, aud, being shrewd and
careful, he soon acquired what was then thought a
considerable amount of money. Ambitious to extend
his enterprises, he built a sixty-ton vessel, called the
"Pilot," which he sailed on the lake in the Govern-
ment service during the war, to his material profit.

Meanwhile Mr. Johnson was chosen the first coro-
ner of Cuyahoga county, and also served as deputy
under Samuel Baldwin, the first sheriff.

Eesuming ship building in 1815, he built the sixty-
five ton schooner " Neptune " aud several other vessels.
In 1834, in company with the firm of Terhoeven
Brothers, he built the "Enterprise," of two hundred
aud twenty tons burden, the first steam vessel built
at Cleveland. Still later he constructed the steamer
Commodore. In 1830, having grown weary of marine
architecture, he sold out his steamboat interests and
turned his attention once more to contracts on shore.
In 1831 he built the Water street light-house for the
government; in 1836 he built another at Sandusky,
and in 1837 constructed nine hundred feet of the stone
pier on the east side of the mouth of the Cuyahoga.
In 1840, 1843 and 1847 he built successively the Sag-
inaw, Western Sister Island and Portage river light-
houses. He also built in Cleveland the Johnson
House, the Marine Block, the Johnson Block and
other important structures.

In 1858 Mr. Johnson retired from active business,
and, being endowed with abundant wealth, passed the
evening of life in comfort and ease. Full of years
and honors, he passed away to his rest on the 19th
day of December, 1871, at the age of eighty-five.

ALFRED KELLEY.

Hon. Alfred Kelley, the second son of Daniel Kel-
ley, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, November
7, 1789. He was descended in the fifth generation
from Joseph Kelley (1st) who was one of the first
settlers of Norwich, Connecticut. His great-grand-
father, Joseph Kelley (2d), son of the person Just
named, removed to Vermont, and died there in 1814
at the age of nearly ninety years. Alfred Kelley's
g)-undfather, Daniel Kelley, lived in Norwich, Con-

necticut, where Daniel Kelley (3d), the father of the
subject of this memoir, was born on the 37th day of
November, 1755. He married Jemima Stow, daugh-
ter of Elihu and Jemima Stow, and sister of Judges
Joshua and Silas Stow, of Lowville, New York, on
the 38th day of January, 1787. He died at Cleveland
August 7, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Kelley had a
family of six sons. They removed from Connecticut
to Lowville, New York, when Alfred was nine years
of age, where the head of the family was principal
Judge of the court of common pleas of Lewis county,
being also one of the founders of Lowville academy
and president of its board of trustees.

Alfred Kelley was educated at Fairfield academy.
New York, and read law in the office of Jonas Piatt,
a Judge of the supreme court of that State. In the
spring of 1810 he traveled on horseback in company
with Joshua Stow and others to Cleveland. He was
admitted to practice in the court of common pleas in
November, and on the same day, being his twenty-first
birthday, he was appointed by the court to act as
prosecuting attorney. He was continuously appoint-
ed prosecuting attorney until 1831, when he declined
to act any longer in that capacity. In 1814 Mr. Kel-
ley was elected a member of the Ohio house of repre-
sentatives; being the youngest member of that body,
which met at Chillicothe, then the temporary capital
of the Sate. He continued, with intervals, a member
of the legislature from Cuyahoga county until 1833,
when he was appointed, with others. State canal com-
missioner.

The Ohio canal is a monument to the enterprise,
energy, integrity and sagacity of Alfred Kelley. He
was the leading member of the board of commissioners
during its construction, and the onerous and respon-
sible service was performed with snch fidelity and
economy that the actual cost did not exceed the esti-
mate ! The dimensions of the Ohio canal were the
same as those of the Erie canal. New York, but the
number of locks was nearly twice as great. Mr.
Kelh^y's indomitable will and iron constitution tri-
umphed over all difficulties, and the Ohio canal, con-
necting the Ohio river with Lake Erie, was finished in
1830. During its construction Mr. Kelley removed
first to Akron and then to Columbus, where he made
his home during the remainder of his life. After the
canal was finished ho resigned the position of com-
missioner in order to regain his health (badly shat-
tered by cloSe application to the duties of his office),
and to devote himself to his private affairs.

In October, 1836, Mr. Kelley was elected to the
Ohio house of representatives from Franklin county,
and was re-elected to the same office in the next two
legislatures. He was chairman of the Whig State
Central Committee in 1840, and was one of the most
active and influential managers of that campaign, in
which Gen. Harrison was elected to the presidency.
He was appointed State fund commissioner in 1840.
In 1841 and '43 a formidable party arose in the legis-
latui'e and State, which advocated the non-payment of

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

365

the maturing interest on the State debt, and the
repudiation of the debt itself. Mr. Kelley went to
New York and was able to raise nearly a quarter of a
million of dollars on his own personal security, by
which means the interest was paid at maturity, and
the State of Ohio was saved from repudiation.

In 1844 Mr. Kelley was elected to the State senate
from the Franklin district. It was during this term
that he originated the bill to organize the State Bank
of Ohio and other banking companies, which was gen-
erally admitted by bankers and financiers to be the
best American banking law then known. While Mr.
Kelley was a member of the legislature many valu-
able general laws originated with him, and most of
the measures requiring investigation and profound
thought were entrusted to his care. He was the
author, in 1818, of the first legislative biU — either in
this country or in Europe — to abolish imprisonment
for debt. It failed to become a law, but in a letter to
a friend Mr. Kelley said: " The time will come when
the absurdity as well as inhumanity of adding oppres-
sion to misfortune will be acknowledged."

At the end of this senatorial term Mr. Kelley was
elected president of the Columbus and Xenia railroad
company, which enterprise he was actively engaged
upon until it was finished. He also accepted the
presidency of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin-
nati railroad, and carried on that work with his usual
ardor and ability; his laboi's being only surpassed by
those upon the Ohio canal. With his own hands he
dug the first shovelful of earth and laid the last rail.
In 1850 he was chosen president of the Cleveland,
PainesviUe and Ashtabula railroad company (afterward
absorbed in the Lake Shore Company), and was soon
actively engaged in the construction of the road.
During this period occurred the famous riots of Eric
and Harbor Creek, in opposition to the construction
of the road through Pennsylvania. The success of
the company in this contest was largely due to Mr.
Kelley's efforts. After the completion of these roads
he resigned the presidency of their respective com-
panies, but continued an active director in each of
them to the time of his death.

Mr. Kelley closed his public life as the member
from Columbus of the State senate of 1857. Dur-
ing the last year of this service his health was declin-
ing. Yet such v/as his fidelity to his trust that he
went daily to the senate, and he carried through the
legislature several important measures for the pur-
pose of ascertaining the condition of the State treas-
ury, and securing the safety of the public funds. He
was also, during his legislative career, very active in
remodeling the tax laws, so as to relieve land-owners
from excessive taxation and place a part of the bur-
den on those who had property in bonds and money.

At the end of this term of the senate his health
was much broken down (caused by an over-taxation
of mind and body), and he seemed to bo gradually
wasting away without any settled disease. He was
only confiued to his room a few days before his death,

which took place on the 2d day of December, 1859.
So gentle was the summons, when his pure spirit left
its earthly tenement, that his surrounding friends
were scarcely conscious of the great ehange.

It has been said of him, that few persons have ever
lived who, merely by pei'sonal exertions, have left
behind them more numerous and lasting monuments
of patient and useful labor.

Mr. Kelley was married on the 35th of August,
1817, to Miss Mary S. Wells, daughter of Melanc-
thon Wells, Esq., by whom he had a family of eleven
children, viz: Maria Jane, who became Mrs. .Judge
Bates, of Columbus; Charlotte, who died at six years
old; Edward, who died at the age of two years;
Adelaide and Henry, who died in infancy; Helen,
who became Mrs. Francis Collins, of Columbus;
Prank, who died at four years old; Anna, who mar-
ried Col. C. J. Preudenberg, U. S. A.; Alfred; and
Kate, wife of Rev. W. H. Dunning, of Cambridge.

THOMAS M. KELLEY.*

Thomas M. Kelley, a brother of Alfred Kelley, the
subject of the preceding sketch, was born at Middle-
town, Connecticut, on the 17th of March, 1797. In
the following year his father removed with his family
to Lowville, Lewis county. New York, where the sub-
ject of this memoir resided until he came to Cleveland
in 1815. In that place he made his home continu-
ously till his death on the lltli of June, 1878. Al-
though the facilities for education were not, as a
general rule, abundant in his childhood, yet at Low-
ville there was, besides tlie common schools, an acad-
emy where the higher branches were taught, and from
the specimens of its graduates who settled here we
should infer they were taught with more than ordi-
nary success.

Por many years Mr. Kelley was engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits, and especially in packing and shipping
beef and pork, pot and pearl ashes, furs and some
minor articles, the products of this then new region,
down lakes Erie and Ontario and the St. Lawrence
river to Montreal, a distant, but, for such articles,
the most accessible market. After the completion of
the Erie canal, in 1825, a large part of this trade was
diverted through that channel. In later years Mr.
Kelley was largely concerned in real estate operations
and in banking, and in 1848 was made president of the
Merchants' bank.

He did not, however, give his whole mind to the
management of business affairs. He was a man of
unquestionable integrity and unusual intelligence,
and was an industrious reader, not only of current
literature, but of standard works. He formed his
opinions deliberately, and generally correctly, and
then, like all his brothers, was prone to adhere to
them persistently.

He was a member of the legislature, and as such did

*By Hon. J. W. Allen.

366

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

his constituents and the State valuable service. Un-
der the old constitution the State was divided into a
dozen or more judicial circuits, in each of which was
a "president judge" (a lawyer) who held courts in
the various counties, and who was assisted in each
county by three associates, usually among the best men
but not lawyers, who could and sometimes did over-
ride the president, and who in his absence could hold
terms without him. In 1846 Mr. Kelley was ap-
pointed one of these judges, and, in tlie absence of
the president judge, charged the grand jury in a man-
ner much superior to that generally exhibited in such
cases.

In 1841 Daniel Webster, Secretary of State under
President Harrison, offered the office of marshal of
the United States for the district of Ohio, then em-
bracing the whole State, to Mr. Kelley, who agreed
to accept it, but the speedy death of General Harrison
aud the political difficulties which arose between his
successor. President Tyler, and the Whig Congress,
delayed and finally defeated any action upon the
proposition. This offer was the more complimentary
because, owing to the then recent "Patriot War," the
relations of the United States with Great Britain
were in a very disturbed condition; the northern
frontier swarmed with men eager to involve the two
countries in war, and the duties of a marshal required
him to be a man of very great courage, firmness and
discretion, such as Mr. Webster knew Mr. Kelley to
be.

, In 1833 Mr. Kelley married Miss Lucy Latham, of
Vermont, a most estimable woman with whom he
lived happily till her death in 1874. The fruits of
this union were four children — one who died in early
childhood; a daughter who married Col. George S.
Mygatt and died not long afterwards; another daugh-
ter, now tlie wife of Mr. CJiester J, Cole; and a son,
Thomas Arthur Kelley; both of the survivors now
reside in Cleveland. In his domestic relations Judge
Kelley was kind, liberal and affectionate, and among
his associates in the outer world he was very much
esteemed. In public matters he was an active partici-
pant, and was a free contributor in money, labor and
influence to all undertakings that promised to ad-
vance the common weal.

CHARLES GREGORY KING.

The following brief sketch of a business life^ with
the porti-ait of its subject, will introduce to our read-
ers Charles Gregory King, a pioneer lumber merchant
of Cuyahoga county. He was born in the town of
Sand Lake, Eeusselaer county, New York, on the
37th of September, 1823, and is one of a family of
fourteen children, all of whom lived to reacli the age
of manhood and womanhood. He was early initiated
into the practical details oi farming, which was his
father's avocation. The necessity of constant indus-
try early inured the boy to habits of self-denial, but

seriously interfered with intellectual culture, for
which he manifested a strong desire.

At the age of sixteen his father died, leaving
bereaved hearts and an encumbered estate as an
inheritance to his family. With the courage and
determination which have characterized his whole
life, Charles, together with some of his brothers, pro-
vided a home for their beloved mother and their
younger brothers and sisters. Seven years of his life
were thus occupied; then his long fostered desire for
mental improvement would brook no further repres-
sion, and he felt at liberty to devote the proceeds of
the next few months' labor to defraying the expense
of tuition in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, lo-
cated in westei'n New York.

In alternate study and teaching he spent the years
until 1849, when he started west in search of occupa
tion. After a long and tiresome trip, which ex-
tended into Michigan, he returned toward the East
without accomplishing his object. At length, how-
ever, his courage and perseverance overcame his ill-
fortune, and at Erie, Pennsylvania, he was engaged
as a buyer for a house which was shipping lumber to
the Albany market. His latent ability as a business
man soon exhibited itself, and, after various promo-
tions, he removed to Cleveland in 1853, becoming a
partner in the well-known firm of Foote & King,
which established the lumberyards on River street.

In the year 1862, owing to the failing health of
Mr. Foote, the firm was dissolved, and for three
years Mr. King conducted the business alone, at the
end of which time Mr. D. K. Clint became a partner.
In 1866 a new yard was established on Scranton
avenue, and the house of. Rust, King & Co. com-
menced the manufacture and sale of lumber. In
1874, when the River street yard was given up to the
city for the purpose of building the viaduct, new rela-
tions were entered into, the firm name becoming Rust,
King & Clint, which it still continues to be.

Commencing with limited capital, Mr. King has
carefully and thoughtfully built up an extensive busi-
ness, furnishing employment to many and sharing its
benefits with a liberal hand. Amid all the fluctua-
tions of monetary affairs, he has never been called to
suffer serious financial loss, and at the age of fifty-
six years we find him with the harness on, still pur-
suing the even tenor of his business life, loved and
honored in his domestic relations and esteemed by all
as an upright Christian citizen. Whatever of success
has attended Mr. King in his calling thus far, he
attributes to the blessing of God upon the faithful
use of his natural powers.

ZENAS KING.

Zenas King was born in Kingston, Vermont, May
1, 1818. His father was a farmer in that State, but
removed to St. Lawrence county, New York, in 1823.
Zenas remained on the farm until he was twenty-one
years of age, when he came to Ohio and turned his

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

367

attention to other occupations. He settled in Milan,
Erie county, and began to take contracts for the
erection of buildings, in which business he developed
that mechanical ingenuity which he has shown in
after life. In 1848 he formed a partnership with
Mr. 0. H. Buck and engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness, which he followed successfully for eight years.

His health partially failing, Mr. King disposed of
his interest and engaged as a traveling agent for an
agricultural-machinery house in Cincinnati; after
which be became an agent for the Mosley Bridge
Company. While connected with this company he
became impressed with the defects of wooden bridges,
and he continued to study upon the matter until he
originated the "King Iron Bridge." In 1861 he
obtained a patent for his invention.

The next year Mr. King removed his family to
OWeland, and erected extensive and commodious
works on the corner of St. Clair and Wason streets
for the purpose of manufacturing his bridges, and
also steam boilei's. His partner, Mr. Preese, on a
dissolution of the firm took the boiler department,
while Mr. King retained the bridge business.

The introduction of the bridge was a great task,
for it was hard to make people believe that an iron
bridge could possibly be built for fifteen hundred or
two thousand dollars, when the old iron ones cost six
to eight times as much, and yet were so heavy that
they were capable of sustaining far less weight than
the light and inexpensive ones invented by Mr. King.
Knowing the value of his invention and the correct
mechanical , principles involved in it, he resolutely
pushed its claims until his bridges are now spanning
rivers and minor streams in all parts of the country
from Maine to Texas, he being the first who intro-
duced the use of iron to any extent for ordinary high-
way bridges.

Mr. King has already built a hundred miles of
bridges, and is making larger additions to the num-
ber every year. In 1871 he organized the "King
Bridge Manufacturing Stock Company," of which he
is the president and manager. He is also president
of the St. Clair and Collamer railway company. The
"King bridge" is not only a monument of the
inventive genius and business ability of Zenas K'ng,
but is also a great public benefit, and as such it will
doubtless be recognized in the near future.

Mr. King has long been a vestryman in St. Paul's
Episcopal Church. In 1844 he was married to Miss
M. C. Wheelock, of Ogdensburg, New York; they
have four children living.

JARED POTTER KIRTLAND.

This eminent man — physician, scientist and nat-
uralist— achieved decided distinction in his chosen
sphere, and Cuyahoga county, where a large por-
tion of his scientific work was done, may well feel
proud of a citizen so intently devoted to some of the
profoundest researches of which the human mind is

capable. Dr. Kirtland was eminently a self-made
naturalist, and to an inborn genius for that branch of
science he added enthusiasm and untiring persever-
ance— twin sisters of success.

He was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1795,
and at the age of fifteen made his first appearance in
Ohio, in Poland township, whither his father had
preceded him as general agent of the Connecticut
Land company. It being decided that young Kirt-
land should be a doctor, he was sent in 1817 to the
famous medical school of Dr. Rush, in PhiJadelphia,
and upon completing his education there, he returned
to Poland, and entered upon an active medical prac-
tice. It was during his experience as a country phy-
sician that his taste for natural science began to de-
velop itself, and for twenty years of his life in that
section he paid eager attention to the study of animal
nature, with which the country richly teemed.

The publication of his extensive researches was
made under the patronage of the Boston Historical
Society, and brought him into prominent notice as a
high authority in that department of science. In 1838
he was appointed to the department of Natural His-
tory in the Geological Survey, organized by the State
of Ohio, and shortly afterwards was chosen to fill a
chair in the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati. The
latter position he vacated in 1838 to take a similar
place in the Cleveland Medical College. In that year
he purchased a residence in Rockport, and there in-
troduced the culture of fruit, which, largely followed
by others, has bestowed remarkable prosperity upon
that township. Meanwhile Dr. Kirtland continued
his studies as a naturalist and his lectures at the col-
lege. His developments in the field of scientific hor-
ticulture gave to that business an emphatic impetus,
and his valued labors as a naturalist are perpetuated
in the Kirtland academy of natural sciences, of Cleve-
land. At the close of an extended and useful life.
Dr. Kirtland died at his home in Rockport, Decem-
ber 10, 1877, at the age of eighty-four.

DAVID LONG.

Dr. David Long, the first physician who located in
Cleveland, was born in Washington county, New
York, September 29, 1787. In 1810, at the age of
twenty-three, he first set foot in Cleveland, whither he
had removed to begin his career. There was no doc-
tor in all Cuyahoga county at that early day, and the
arrival of Dr. Long was hailed with much joy by the
inhabitants. The arduous task of "doctoring" in
that sparsely settled country, found in Dr. Long a
man well calculated to overcome its difficulties, and
despite the hardships, the inconveniences and inces-
sant labors attendant upon his duties, he pursued them
with unflagging zeal, and became a very successful
practitioner. He was a surgeon in the army during
the war of 1812, and, as an example of what he had
trained himself to do in an emergency, it is related
that he rode from Black river to Cleveland — twenty-

368

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

eight miles — in two hours and a quarter, to report the
news of General Hull's surrender.

After a continuous medical practice of upwards of
thirty years, Dr. Long rested upon the well earned
fruits of his industry, and at the end of an active and
honorable life he died on the first day of September,
1851, aged sixty-four years.

He was one of the foremost in the promotion of
public enterprises, and freely gave his influence and
support to numerous religious and educational in-
stitutions of his time. Although popular in a re-
markable degree, he never craved political distinction,
and perhaps the only public office he held was that of
county commissioner. It was at the time when the
villages of Newburg and Cleveland were hotly con-
testing for the honor of being the county-seat, and an
election as county commissioner then was no slight
mark of popularity. As a physician, as a man, and
as a citizen. Dr. Long achieved a high reputation,
and left the heritage of an honored name not only to
his descendants but to the medical profession in Cuya-
hoga county, of which he was the foremost pioneer.

KOBERT F. PAINE.

The subject of this sketch was born in Madison
county, New York, on the 10th day of May, 1810.
He is the second son of Solomon J. Paine and Lucre-
tia Bierce Paine, who were both natives of Cornwall,
Litchfield county, Con: ecticut. His father was the
son of Eufus Paine, and his mother was the daughter
of William Bierce, both of whom served in the Amer-
ican army during the entire war of the Eevolution,
and both of whom shared with that army the suffer-
ings and privations of the winter of 1777-8 at Valley
Forge. They both also lived to be over eighty years
of age.

In March, 1815, Solomon Paine left his native town
and removed with his family to Nelson, Portage
county, Ohio. His entire property consisted of two
horses and a wagon, and such goods as he was able to
store in the latter after furnishing room for a wife
and four children. After five weeks weary journey-
ing they arrived at Nelson, where the family remained
until after the death of Mr. Paine, which occurred in
1828.

Kobert F. Paine's opportunities for obtaining an
education were very few. He had to travel a mile and
a half daily to the log school-house, and after he was
nine years old was obliged to work on the farm during
all but the winter months. At the death of his father,
which occurred when he was eighteen years of age,
he took charge of the family and continued to provide
for them by his labor until the children were able to
care for themselves.

In 1837 young Paine determined to become a law-
yer, and, without an instructor and with but few
books, he entered upon a course of hard study.
Without a single previous recitation, he was exam-
ined at the September term of the supreme court.

sitting at Eavenna, in 1839, and was admitted to
practice. In the fall of the same year he was elected
justice of the peace, and served a term of three years.
Immediately after his admission to the bar he opened
an office in Garrettsville for the practice of his pro-
fession.

In 1844 Mr. Paine was elected to the Ohio legisla
ture, and the following year was renominated but de-
clined; his declination being followed by his election
as prosecuting attorney of Portage county and his
removal to Eavenna. At the expiration of his term of
two years he removed to Cleveland, and on the 1st (jf
May, 1848, opened a law office in that city. In 1849
he was appointed clerk of the court of common pleas,
which position he held until the adoption of the new
constitution in 1853, when he returned to his legal
practice. In 1860 he was chosen a delegate to the
Eepublican national convention at Chicago, which
nominated Abraham Lincoln for president, and took
an active part in its proceedings. He was appointed
United States district attorney for the northern dis-
trict of Ohio, in April, 1861, and held that position
four years.

In 1869 Mr. Paine was elected judge of the court
of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, which office
he I'etained until May, 1874. During his term he
disposed of an unusual number of civil and crim-
inal cases. Some eight or ten cases of homicide (five
of which resulted in conviction of murder in the first
degree) were tried before him. Among them was the
noted trial of Dr. J. Galentine, convicted of man-
slaughter. The defense of emotional insanity had
been ineffectually set up, and in his charge to the
jury the judge dealt in an original and able manner
with that class of defenses. The following letter was
written to him on that occasion by General Garfield:

"Washington^, D. C, February 6, 1871.
"Dear Judge: — Allow me to congratulate you on
your splendid charge to the jury at the close of the
Galentine case. The whole country owes you a debt
of gratitude for brushing away the wicked absurdity
which has lately been palmed off on the country as
law, on the subject of insanity. If the thing had
gone much further all that a man would need to se-
cure immunity from murder would be to tear his hair
and rave a little, and then kill his man. I hope you
will print your opinion in pamphlet form and senS it
broadcast to all the judges of the land.

"Very truly yot(rs,

"J. A. Garfield."

We also quote extracts from the New York Tribune,
embodying the best opinions of the country. After
giving a brief synopsis of the case it says:

" But it is to the extremely lucid and sensible charge
of Judge Paine to the jury that we desire to call special
attention. It is not always that a judicial summing
up has so much common sense crowded into it. 'If
you should find,' said Judge Paine, 'that the defendant
was overwhelmed by any real or supposed provocation,
which for the moment deprived him of all power to
control his action, and incapable of reasoning or de-
liberation, then inquire, did the defendant, by indulg-
ing passion, by meditating revenge and cultivating

Missing Page

^,a^«

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

375

to Cleveland. His father soon afterward purchased
a farm in Newburg, "where he resided until his death.

Until twenty-five years of age Mr. Quayle worked
as a journeyman at his trade of ship-carpenter, to
which he had been apprenticed before leaving the
Isle of Man. In 1847 he formed a co-partnership
with John Codey, and at once started in the ship-
building business. This firm lasted three years, dur-
ing which time it built the brigs "Caroline" and
"Shakespeare" for Charles Richmond, of Chicago.
In 1849 Mr. Codey withdrew from the business and
went to California.

Soon afterward Mr. Quayle went into company
with Luther Moses, and for two years the firm carried
on an extensive business, having from six to seven
vessels on the stocks at once, and turning out two
sets a year. The year after Mr. Moses left the firm,
a partnership was formed with John Martin, and the
business was enlarged and extended. In one year
this firm built thirteen vessels, among others, the bar-
que "W. T. Graves," which carried the largest cargo
of any fresh- water vessel afloat. The propeller " Dean
Richmond" is another important production of Quayle
& Martin's yard. Besides these, four first-class ves-
sels, built for Mr. Prank Perew, deserve mention as
giving character to Cleveland ship-building. They
were named the "MaryE. Perew," " D. P. Dobbin,"
"Chandler J. Wells" and "J. G. Masten." Messrs.
Quayle & Martin also built the tug "J. H. Martin,"
intended for their use in the port of Erie.

In 1874 the partnership with Mr. Martin was dis-
solved and a new one was formed with George L. and
Thomas B. Quayle, under the name of Thomas Quayle
& Sons, which is still in existence. The first vessels
built by this firm were the "E. B. Hale" and the
"Sparta." The following year it built the " Commo-
dore," the largest vessel on the lakes. During the
summer of 1878, Quayle & Sons built two propellers
for the Anchor Line, and. one for the Western Trans-
portation Company, of Buffalo; the latter being called
the "Buffalo." They have just launched (August,
1879,) the "Chicago," a magnificent boat of one
thousand seven hundred and seventy-five tons bur-
den, which they have built for the latter named com-
pany. The vessels built by the firms of which Mr.
Quayle has been the head are known all over the
great lakes, and far exceed in number those of any
other firm in the West.

Mr. Quayle stands high among the. citizens of
Cleveland for integrity of character, and as a man who
always fulfills his obligations to employer and em-
ployed. He is a member of the Second Presbyterian
church and active in all the duties pertaining to that
relation. For a number of years he has been associ-
ated with the Masonic order, being a member of Big-
elow lodge, on the West Side, and of Webb chapter, on
the East Side. He is also a member of the Monas
Relief Society, composed of people from the Isle of
Man.

Mr. Quayle was married in 1835 to Eleanor Can-

non, of the Isle of Man, by whom he had eleven chil-
dren, of whom six are living. She died in Septem-
ber, 1860. In February, 1867, he was married to
Mary Proudfoot, daughter of John Proudfoot, Esq.,
of Cleveland. His children have been Thomas E.,
born July 26, 1836; William H., born April 27, 1838;
John James, born October 17, 1839, who died Feb-
ruary 13, 1843; Eleanor M., born March 7, 1841, who
died February 16, 1843; George L., born June 15,
1842; Charles E., born January 23, 1845, who died
September 16, 1871; Matilda, born July 20, 1846;
Caroline J., born March 31, 1848; John F., born Au-
gust 31, 1850, who died February 4, 1853; Mary H.,
born November 19, 1853; and Frederick M., born
May 11, 1858, who died September 14, 1859.

DANIEL P. RHODES.

The subject of this memoir was born in Sudbury,
Rutland county, Vermont, in the year 1814. When
but five years of age he lost his father, and from that
time onward was compelled to help earn his own live-
lihood. Thus, almost at the threshold of life, he had
to struggle with adverse circumstances, and was com-
pelled to overcome by his own energy the discourage-
ments and difficulties everywhere met with. When
he was fifteen years of age his mother remarried, and
he then found a home with his stepfather for six years.

At the age of twenty-one young Rhodes determined
to leave Vermont, and make for himself a home and
fortune in the distant West. His stepfather was
strongly attached to him, and, being a man of means,
offered him a farm if he would remain in Vermont.
But the young man was firm in his determination,
and declining the tempting offer departed for the
West. On his subsequently returning to the home
of his youth, his stepfather offered him half of his
property if he would remain and occupy it. The
inducement was very strong, but the young man had
made an engagement of marriage with a lady in the
West, and befoi'e giving a final answer to the propo-
sition, he decided to revisit his pioneer home and con-
sult her to whom ho had plighted his faith.

He came back West by canal, and on the long, slow
journey had ample time to consider the subject of his
future home. The beauty and grandeur of the west-
ern scenery, the freedom from all the conventionalities
which prevail in more densely settled sections, the
stern, rugged virtues of the men whom he found in
the wilderness, together with the independent career
opened to him strongly impressed his manly, demo-
cratic mind, and he resolved to cast his lot in the
West. Saying nothing of the matter to his affianced,
he wrote to his parents, making known his resolution
to decline their kind offer, and future circumstances
proved the wisdom of his decision.

For thirty years Mr. Rhodes was a resident of
Cleveland, and the same restless and indomitable
energy which prompted him to prefer the untrodden
paths of the wilderness to the pleasures of an eastern

3^6

THE CITY 01? CLEVELAHB.

home, accompanied him throughout that time and
impressed his name upon many of the most important
enterprises of the Forest City. He was one of the
pioneers in the coal ti-ade of Cleveland, which has
since grown to such magnificent proportions.

His first enterprise in that line was at what are
known as the old Brier Hill mines, in 1845, in com-
pany with Gov. Tod and Mr. Ford. Their produc-
tion of coal was about fifty tons per week, and
this was then deemed a large business. The diffi-
culties in the way of the iuti'oduction of even this,
the very best of coal, were very great. Wood was
the universal fuel for domestic use. The only chance
to sell coal was to the lake steamers, and even
there the old prejudice against any departure
from the beaten track had to be overcome. Mr.
Rhodes, who had charge of the Cleveland end of the
business, was, however, well fitted to make a fight
against obstacles, and by his steady persevereuce he
succeeded in introducing coal largely for use on the
lake boats. He was an untiring worker, ever on the
watch for his customers from early morn to the close
of day, devoting his evenings to posting up his books
and attending to his other office work. The coal
business of the firm grew rapidly, and the members
turned their attention to other sections of the State,
opening mines in both Tuscarawas and "Wayne coun-
ties. In Tuscarawas county Mr. Rhodes, in company
with Gov. Tod, began the development of the black
band iron ore, the uses of which had not previously
been appreciated, although its existence had been
known.

In 1855 the firm of Tod & Rliodes was dissolved,
and in 1857 Mr. Rhodes formed a copartnership with
Mr. I. F. Card. They went to work with great ear-
nestness developing the black band ore and other min-
eral resources of Tuscarawas county. At first they
mined large quantities for sale to the Massillon fur-
naces, but subsequently they made up their minds
that the proper place to smelt the ore was where it
was mined, and in 1864 they purchased the old blast
furnace at Canal Dover, in Tuscarawas county, where
they have since carried on large manufactures of pig
metal.

In 1860 Mr. Rhodes' attention was attracted to the
mineral resources of Stark county, and in that year
he opened the famous Willow Bank mine, which has
proved to be one of the most extensive and profitable
coal mines ever opened in Ohio. This was, only the
beginning of his enterprises in this county and valley,
for he was the principal prompter of other efforts of
a similar character. Under his auspices were opened
the Rhodes, the Willow Bank number Three, the
Buckeye, and the Warmingtou mines. He was like-
wise largely interested in the Fulton Coal company
and the Silver Creek Company, and a zealous pro-
moter of their interests. So that from his original
production of fifty tons of coal weekly, he increased
the amount until, at the time of his death, he had the
controlling interest or was a large owner in mines

which wei-e capable of producing two thousand tons
daily. His peddling steamboat business, too, of 1845
-50, had increased under the.direction of the firm of
which he was the founder, to a trade of two hundred
and fifty thousand tons of coal yearly. In 1867 the
firm of Rhodes & Card was dissolved, Mr. Rhodes
and Mr. Card retiring, and that of Rhodes & Co.
was formed, consisting of George H. Warmington,
Marcus A. Ilanna, (Mr. Rhodes' son-in-law,) and his
son, Robert R. Rhodes.

In the work of developing the great railway system
of northern Ohio Mr. Rhodes had an honorable
share. He took an active part in the construction of
the northei'n division of the Cleveland and Toledo
railroad, and was a member of the executive com-
mitte of the company. He also bore a large part iu
causing the construction of the Massillon and Cleve-
land and the Lake Shore and Tuscrawas Valley rail-
ways. Mr. Rhodes' residence was on the west side of
tlie Cuyahoga, and he did more than any other man
to build up that portion of Cleveland. One great
cause of contention between the two sections arose
from the persistent efforts of the people on the west
side to obtain improved means of communication
with the more important region east of the river. In
all these contests, from the time when a float bridge
was- the only means of passage, to the inception and
partial completion of the splendid viaduct (for he
died before it was finished), Mr. Rhodes was one of
the foremost in urging the claims of his section of
the city. He, in company with Mr. H. S. Stevens,
constructed the West Side Street railroad; he was a
zealous promoter of the building of the West Side
Gas Works, and was the founder of the People's Sav-
ings and Loan Association, of which he was the presi-
dent at the time of his death. He was also one of
of the builders and a large stockholder in the Rocky
River railroad, which connected the West Side with
the favorite resort at Rocky river. He had likewise
various other interests, such as in Illinois coal land,
Chicago real estate, and he was large real estate owner
in his own city.

In politics he was a strict constructionist Demo-
crat of the Jeffersonian and Jacksouian school, but
though very active in his party he never asked nor
cared for any office in its gift. He was a cousin of
Stephen A. Douglas, and from the first entrance of the
latter into public life until his death Mr. Rhodes was
his earnest and steady supporter; being a delegate to
both the Charleston and Baltimore Democratic na-
tional conventions of 1860, at the latter of which Mr.
Douglas was nominated for the presidency.

Mr. Rhodes died on the 5th day of August, 1875,
and we close our article with two articles published
by leading journals soon after that event. The first
says:

"Among those men, whose efforts form the corner
stone of Cleveland's prosperity, Mr. Rhodes was in
the front rank; and for this reason his memory will
always be honored by our people. But other "traits
will make his memory perennial. The kindness and

L^i^l^^ /P(r^/^^^

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

377

sympathy of his manner endeared the deceased to all
who came in contact with him. This manner was for
the poor and lowly, as well as for the wealthy and ex-
clusive. Wealth in his hands was not alone for per-
sonal gratification, but was freely drawn upon to help
the needy and unfortunate."

The second article reads as follows:

"Mr. Rhodes had the happy faculty of securing
the genuine esteem and warm friendship of all with
whom lie came incontact, whatever their position in
life, or however widely apart his views and theirs
might be. He was a man of the people, a practical
disbeliever in class distinctions and yet having a
healthy contempt for demagogues of all descriptions.
His bluff, hearty-manner was not assumed, but was a
genuine characteristic of tlie man. The wealth that
caine as the result of hard work and good business
judgment made not the slightest difference in him.
His was one of those sterling characters that prosper-
ity could not spoil. Warm-hearted, true-hearted, and
thoroughly unselfish, his we: 1th benefited others as
well as himself, and the prosperity which brought
ease and comfort to him was begrudged him by none."

ANSEL ROBERTS.

Ansel Roberts, the eldest son of Channcey and Lydia
(Albro) Roberts, was born in the town of Mendon,
Ontario county, New York, on the 17th of October,
1807.

His father was of Welsh descent, but was a native
of Vermont, having emigrated to western New York
when a young man, where he engaged in farming.
When about nineteen years of age he married Lydia
Albro, a native of Newport, Rhode Island, by whom
he had ten children. In 1818 he removed, with his
family, to Ohio, traveling overland to Buffalo, and
from there by boat to Ashtabula, where he first set-
tled. Soon afterward he engaged in the manufacture
of boots, shoes and harness, employing a number of
hands, in which business he continued until 1825,
when he sold out. The following year he removed
to Lower Sandusky, and purchased an interest in the
stage-line running between Sandusky and Cincinnati,
of which he became the superintendent. He re-
mained in this employment until his death, which
occurred in 1838. His wife survived him several
years, dying in 1844. He was a prominent person in
the community where he resided; a man of great lib-
erality and generous impulses, slow to anger, but im-
placable wlien once aroused.

The subject of this notice had but few educational
advantages, his father being in moderate circum-
stances and obliged to make his way in a new country.
Young Ansel remained at home until 1826, when he
went to Monroe county, New York, where he re-
mained until the fall of that year. He then returned
to Ohio, and found employment at first in a ware-
house, and afterward as clerk in the stores of H. J.
Reese and William W. Reed.

In the spring of 1831 he left Mr. Reed's employ-

ment and removed to Rochester, New York, where
he engaged in the dry goods business on his own ac-
count. This business he carried on for fourteen
years, meeting with varying success. At the end of
that time, the business not proving satisfactory, he
disposed of it and went to New York city, where
he remained one year. Subsequently he spent some
time as clerk in a large wool-dealer's establishment in
Rochester.

In 1846 Mr. Roberts returned to Ohio, coming di-
rectly to Cleveland, where he engaged in the fleece
and full-wool business, which he carried on success-
fully until his retirement in 1867.

During his residence in Cleveland Mr. Roberts has
been prominently identified with the politics of the
city and county. He is widely known as a staunch
Republican, having invariably supported that party.
In the spring of 1860 he was elected a member of the
board of education, and was re-elected the following
year, serving as secretary of that body and as a mem-
ber of the committee on buildings and supplies.

In 1863 he was elected to the city council from
the second ward for a term of two years, and was ap-
pointed chairman of the finance committee. He was re-
elected to the council in 1864 and again in 1866; hold-
ing the same position throughout the three terms. In
1864 he was elected auditor of Cuyahoga county, and ,
was re-elected to that office in 1866, serving with his
usual vigor and ability. He was assistant assessor of
internal revenue in 1873 for the eighteenth district of
Ohio, and was appointed collector of that district by
President Johnson, which appointment was confirmed
by the Senate in 1867, but was declined by him. In
1868 he was elected sanitary trustee for one year; was
re-elected in 1869 for three years, and at the end of
his term was again re-elected for the same time. For
seven years he occupied the position of secretary of
the sanitary board.

In addition to these civil oSices Mr. Roberts has
been for sevei-al years a director of the Ohio National
Bank, and is a trustee of the Cleveland Society for
Savings and the president of the Cleveland Paper
Company.

In his business relations, and throughout his official
career, Mr. Roberts has maintained a high reputation
for integrity and strictly honorable dealing. During
the war for the Union he was active in support of
the national cause and spent a great deal of time in
procuring substitutes for those liable to draft.

He is a member of Trinity church (Episcopal) in
which he has for twenty years held the office of senior
warden. He was married on the 20th of October,
1836, to Miss Sarah J. Hatch, daughter of Orrin
Hatch, of Genesee county. New York. By this union
he had one child, Sarah Louisa, born July 30, 1836,
and now the wife of John M. Sterling, Jr. Mrs. Eob-
erts died in October, 1863. Mr. Roberts married his
second wife. Miss Amanda Bartlett Cowan, in October,
1867.

378

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

JOHN P. ROBISON.

Dr. John P. Eobisoii, one of Cleveland's promi-
nent citizens, became a resident of Ohio, 'in 1832 and
of Cleveland thirty years later. His grandfather, John
Decker Eobison, an American of Scotch descent, was
a soldier under Braddock in his disastrous campaign
against Fort Du Quesne, and fought throughout the
Revolutionary war. His son, Peter Eobison, the
father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer in
Western New York, and in Ontario county of that
State John P. Eobison was born, on the 23d day of
January, 1811.

Until he reached his sixteenth year he lived upon
his father's farm, passing his time in active agricul-
tural labors and at the village school. It being then
determined to provide him with a good education, he
was sent to Niffing's high school, at Vienna, New
York, where he attained high rank as a student, and
also imbibed a taste for medical science and the medi-
cal profession. He was received as a private pupil of
President Woodward, of the Vermont College of Medi-
cine, from which institution he was graduated in
1831.

Eagerly ambitious to enter the bustling scenes of
practical life, he migrated without delay to Ohio and
settled as a medical practitioner at Bedford, Cuya-
hoga county, in February, 1832. He pursued the
practice of his profession at that place with gratifying
success for eleven years, but in 1842 he decided to
engage in the mercantile business at that point. Ac-
cordingly, in company with Mr. W. B. Hillman, he
carried on for some time thereafter an extensive busi-
ness as a storekeeper, miller, provision dealer and land
speculator; engaging in fact in almost any enterprise
that promised a liberal return.

In November, 1832, Dr. Eobison married a daugh-
ter of Hezekiah Dunham, the founder of the village
of Bedford. Of their children three survive; one
son being engaged with his father in business, and
another being upon the eve of entering the legal pro-
fession.

During his busy experience at Bedford Dr. Eobison
was not unmindful of the high claims of religion, and
as early as practicable founded at Bedford a congre-
gation of Disciples, he being a close friend and as-
sociate of the leader of that denomination, Alexander
Campbell. He labored for the upbuilding of that
cause "without money and without pi-ice." Such
was his energy, zeal and devotion that although at
the beginning of his ministerial labors his congrega-
tion numbered less than a dozen persons, yet he left
it to his successor — at the close of a sixteen years'
ministry, given without fee or reward of any kind —
swelled in membership to four hundred and forty.
As a teacher of the Disciple doctrine he frequently
journeyed with Alexander Campbell through the
State, and with that eminent leader lifted up his
voice before vast assemblages, while his purse yielded

freely and often of its wealth to prosper the cause of
the Church.

In 1862 he took up his residence in Cleveland, hav-
ing entered, in 1858, with General 0. M. Oviatt, into
the business of packing provisions at that city, on
an extended scale. The firm held a conspicuous
place as packers, and their " Buckeye " brand was
known and highly lauded in all the great provision
marts of America and England. After continuing
until 1867, the partnership between Dr. Eobison and
Gen. Oviatt was dissolved. The fonner continued
the business a short time on his own account, and then
took as a partner, Archibald Baxter, of New York,
through whose failure in the latter city,, in 1875, Dr.
Eobison suffered very heavy loss. In that year he
formed a new partnership, with Dr. W. S. Sti'eatorand
S. E. Streator, under the firm name of J. P. Eobison &
Co., which continues to this day as one of the leading
packing houses in the West. Previous to 1875 he had
engaged largely in packing in Chicago, Illinois, and
Lafayette, Indiana; returning permanently to Cleve-
land, however, after a brief absence.

He has ever been active and generous in the pro-
motion of public enterprises, and in schemes for the
public good his heart and band have always been
freely enlisted. His services on behalf of the Union
cause during the rebellion were of no slight value
and they were exercised moreover with untiring zeal
and patriotism. He was among the most active
workers in procuring volunteers for the Federal
army, and in many other ways displayed in a sub-
stantial and emphatic manner his devotion to his
country. His earliest political faith was that of a
Clay Whig, and upon the dismemberment of that
party he joined the ranks of the Democracy. In
1861 he was chosen to the State senate by a coalition
of the War Democrats and Eepublicans, by the largest
vote given to any senator from Cuyahoga, and after
that event he cast his lot with the Eepublican party,
to which he still remains a staunch adherent.

Since his retirement from the senate he hasj re-
jected political honors, as being less in keeping with
his desires and tastes than the duties pertaining to
his own large and important business. In the capa-
city of director of public and private trusts he has
always been watchful and capable in the administra-
tion of his duties. For twenty years or more he has
been a trustee of Bethany College in West Virginia,
and for a long time filled a similar place in connec-
tion with Hiram College in the Western Eeserve.
He is a director of the Second National Bank, of the
People's Savings and Loan Association, and of the
Lake View Cemetery; having been one of the earliest
supporters of the last-named institution and one of
the first subscribers to its stock. He has been closely
identified with the Northern Ohio Fair Association
from its formation and has been the president of that
widely known and valuable organization for the jjast
five years.

A4)-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.

379

WILLIAM G. ROSE.

William G. Rose was born in Mercer county, Penn-
sylvania, on the 23rd day of Septembei-, 1839, and
is the youngest of eleven children, all of whom lived
to be married and became heads of families. His
parents were James and Martha (McKenley) Eose,
the former of English and the latter of Scotch-Irish
descent. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Rose,
was for many years manager of an iron furnace in
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and removed with his
family to Mercer county in 1790. His maternal
grandfather, David McKenley, was a soldier in the
war of the Revolution.

His father, who with four brothers served in the
war of 1812, had ten grandsons wlio enlisted in the
Union armies at the commencement of the late rebel-
lion; all serving three years and all re-cnlisting except
three, one of whom died in a rebel prison. William
G. Rose also served as a private in a three months'
regiment, in West Virginia.

The subject of this sketch labored on a farm in
summer and attended school during the winter
months until lie was seventeen years of age, when, in
order to provide means to obtain a more thorough
education, he taught in the public schools part of each
year and pursued his- studies during the i-emainder.
He pursued this course for six years, attending vari-
ous academies, and at the expiration of that time had
acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek and the
higher mathematics. At the age of twenty-three he
commenced the study of law in the office of the Hon.
Wm. Stewart, of Mercer, Pennsylvania, and was ad-
mitted to the bar on the 17th day of April, 1855,
when he immediately entered upon the duties of his
profession in his native county.

Soon afterward, however, Mr. Rose became inter-
ested in politics, and for a short time was one of the
editors and proprietors of a weekly newspaper known
as the Independent Democrat. Although his ante-
cedents were Democratic, his opposition to the exten-
sion of slavery in the Territories induced him to join
the Republican party at its inception. In 1857 he
was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature, and was
re-elected in 1858. In 1860 he was elected a delegate
to the National Republican Convention at Chicago,
which nominated Lincoln for the presidency, but
on account of illness was unable to attend, his place
being filled by an alternate. He was twice presented
by the Republican party of his native county as a
candidate for Congress; the last time, in 1864, unani-
mously. His nomination in the district, which was
composed of four counties, and at that time was
largely Republican, was only prevented because, under
the system then in vogue, in that portion of Penn-
sylvania, other counties claimed a prior right to the
nominee.

In 1865 Mr. Rose removed to Cleveland, where,
after being admitted to the practice of the law, he
engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate. He

continued this pursuit until 1874, when he retired
from business and made an extensive tour through
California, and the Western Territories.

In 1867 Mr. Rose was elected mayor of Cleveland,
an office which he filled with entire satisfaction to his
constituents. His administration was characterized
by a wise and judicious management of municipal
affairs generally, and an active support of all enter-
prises calculated to develop the prosperity of the city.

He was married in 1858 to Martha E. Parmelee, a
graduate of Oberlin College. Their family consists
of four children, Alice E., Hudson P., Frederick H.
and Willie K.

JAMES HENRY SALISBURY.

The subject of this sketch was born at "Evergreen
Terrace," in the town of Scott, Cortland county.
New York, on the 13th day of Gctober, 1823. His
eai'liest ancestor in thiscountry came to America from
North Wales, and settled in Rhode Island about the
year 1640. His great-grandfather was born at War-
wick, Rhode Island, but early in life removed to
Cranston, in the same State, where he married a Miss
Pierce, by whom he had the following children:
Peleg, (known as the "big man of Warwick"), Mar-
tin, Job, Mial, Nathan, Rebecca and Phoebe.

Nathan, the grandfather of the subject of this
sketch was born December 1, 1751. He was married
on the 16th of July, 1771, to Abigail Stone, (born
October 16, 1753,) only daughter of Joseph Stone, of
Cranston, a descendant of Hugh Stone, the "stolen
boy," and ancestor of the Stone family in America.
The maiden name of Abigail Stone's mother's was
Brown. She was a near relative of John Brown, the
founder of Rhode Island College, afterward Brown
University. Nathan Salisbury was lieutenant of the
company under Captain Burgess that fired into the
British frigate " Gasper," a short time before the Revo-
lutionary war. He resided at Cranston until 1795,
when he removed to Providence. In March, 1803,
he removed to Hartford, Washington county, New
York, where he remained till 1806, and then went to
Cazenovia, in Madison county, in the same State. In
March, 1807, he removed to Homer, now Cortland
county, and in the fall of the same year settled in Ho-
mer and purchased a farm lying on the waters of Cold
bi-ook, where he remained till his death, on the 14th
of May, 1817. His children were Waity, Sally, John,
Joseph Martin (who followed the sea, and died on a
voyage returning from China), Anna, Mary, Lucinda,
Ambrose, Cynthia, Nathan and Phcebe.

Nathan, the father of James H. Salisbury, pur-
chased, in 1815, a farm on lot ninety-five, in the town
of Scott, which is the site of " Evergreen Terrace,"
the Salisbury homestead. On the 21st "of January,
1818, he was married to Lucretia A. Babcock, (born
September 30, 1792), daughter of James and Mary
Gibbs Babcock, who moved from Blandford, Massa-
chusetts, to Scott, New York, in 1815. Nathan

380

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

Salisbury and wife have resided at "Evergreen Ter-
race'' sixty-one years, and have reared the following
children: Amanda A., Charles B., James H., Milton
L., Burdette J., Charlotte A., William W. and
Nathan, Jr.

James H., the subject of this sketch, received his
early education at Homer Academy, tiion presided
over by Prof. Samuel Woolworth, now secretary of the
board of regents of the University of the State of
New York. He received the degree of Bachelor of
Natural Sciences (B .N. S.) at the Polytechnic Insti-
tute at Troy, New York, in 1844, previous to which
he had been appointed assistant under Prof. Ebenezer
Emmons, in the chemical department of the Geolog-
ical Survey of the State of New York, which place he
filled till January 1, 1849, when he was made princi-
pal of the same depairtment. He remained principal,
with his brother, Charles B., as assistant, until 1852.

Dr. Salisbury received the degree of Doctor of
Medicine from the Albany Medical College in Janu-
ary, 1850, and that of Master of Arts from Union
College, Schenectady, in August, 1853. He was
elected a member of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science in 1848, and the same
year was also made a member of the Albany Institute.
In 1853 he was elected corresponding member of the
Natural History Society of Montreal. In 1879 he
was elected a member of the Philosophical Society of
Great Britain. In 1857 he was elected a* member of
the American Antiquarian Society, and in 1876, was
made vice president of the Western Reserve Histor-
ical Society, which office he still holds.

In 1848 Dr. Salisbury received a gold medal from
the Young Men's Association of Albany, New York,
for the best essay on the "Anatomy and History of
Plants." In 1849 he won the prize of three hundred
dollars, offered by the State Agricultural Society of
New York for the best essay on the " chemical and
physiological examinations of the maize plant during
its various stages of growth." This made a work of
over two hundred pages, and was published in the
New York State Agricultural Reports for 1849, and
subsequently copied entire in the State Agricultural
Reports of Ohio. In 1851-53 he gave two courses of
lectures on elementary and applied chemistry, in the
New York State Normal School. He also conducted
a series of interesting experiments, on different sub-
jects, which were embodied in a paper i-ead before the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science, in 1851, and were published in their transac-
tions, and also in the New York Jotirnal of Medicine
of a later date.

The following list of his published works and pa-
pers will serve to give some idea of the extent and
variety of his labors:

Analysis of Fruits, Vegetables and Grain; Chemi-
ciil Investigations of the Maize Plant (prize essay, 306
pages); Chemical Analysis of Five Varieties of the
Cabbage; Chemical examination of the various parts
of the Plant Rheum Ehaponticum; Chemical Exam-

ination ofRumex Crispus; Experiments and Observa-
tion on the Influence of Poisons and Medicinal Agents
upon Plants; Chemical Examination of the Fruit of
Five Varieties of Apples; Chemical Investigations con-
nected with the Tomato, the Fruit of the Egg Plant,
and Pods of the Okra; History, Culture and Compo-
sition of Apium Graveolens and Cichorium Intibns;
Facts and Remarks on the Indigestibility of Food;
Composition of Grains, Vegetables and Fruits; Mi-
croscopic Researches in the Cause of the so-called
"Blight" in Apple, Pear and Quince Trees, etc.;
Ciironic Diarrhcea and its Complications; Something
about Cryptogams, Fermentation and Disease; Prob-
able Source of the Steatorzoon Folliculorum; Investi-
gations, Chemical and Microscopical, on the Spleen
and Mesenteric and Lymphatic Glands; Defective
Alimentation a Primary Cause of Disease; On the
Cause of Intermittent and Remittent Fevers; Exper-
iments on Poisoning with the Vegntable Alkaloids;
Discovery of Cholesterine and Seroline as Secretions of
Various Glands; Remarks on Fungi; On Inoculating
tJie Human System with Straw Fungi; Parasitic
Forms Developed in the Parent Epithelial Cells, etc.;
Remarks on the Structure, Functions and Classifica-
tion of the Parent Gland Cells, etc.; Microscopic Re-
searches relating to the Histology and Minute Anato-
my of the Spleen, etc. ; Description of two new Algoid
Vegetations; Geological Report of the Mill Creek
Canal Coal Field; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic,
of the Cucumber; Experiments on the Capillary At-
tractions of the Soil; A New Carbonic Acid Appara-
tus; Analysis of Dead Sea Water; Two Interesting
Parasitic Diseases; Pus and Infection; Microscopic
Examinations of Blood, etc. ; Vegetations found in the
Blood of Patients suffering from Erysipelas; Infusor-
ial Catarrh and Asthma; Analysis, Organic and In-
organic, of the White Sugar Beet; Analysis, Organic
and Inorganic, of the Parsnip; Ancient Rock and
Earth Writing and Inscriptions of the Mound-build-
ers; Influence of the Position of the Body ujion the
Heart's Action; Material Application of Chemistry to
Agriculture; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the
Several Kinds of Grains and Vegetables. Besides the
foregoing, Dr. Salisbury is the -author of nearly thirty
unpublished works and papers of decided value, on
similar subjects.

While in charge of the State laboratory of New York
from 1849 to 1853, he was constantly engaged in chem-
ical and medical investigations; the results of many
of them being published in the Transactions of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science,
in State geological and agricultural reports, and in the
various scientific and medical journals of that period.

In 1849 he began the studies in microscopic medi-
cine in which he has been so successful. He has per-
severed in these studies, with scarcely any intermis-
sion, ever since, devoting much of his time daily to
microscopic investigations. In 1858 he began the
study of alimentation, which he mastered in all its
pliases, and his subsequent investigations in regard to

BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES.

381

chronic diseases, diphtheria, intermittent and reniit-
tent fevers, measles and many other diseases, have
been extensirely published in foreign and domestic
medical journals.

The extended labors of himself and brother, 0. B.
Salisbury, on the ancient earth and rock-writing of
this country, in connection with the earth and rock-
works of the ancient Mound-builders, haye been em-
bodied in a large quarto volume with thirty-nme
plates, which is in the hands of the American Anti-
quarian Society, and is only partially published. The
great labors of his life, comprising, as he claims, an
explanation of the causes and successful treatment of
nearly every chronic disease that is supposed to be in-
curable, are yet unpublished.

In January, 1864, Dr. Salisbury came to Cleveland
to assist in starting tlie Charity Hospital College.
He gave to this institution two courses of lectures, in
1864-5 and 1865-6, on Physiology, Histology and
Microscopic Anatomy. From January, 1804, to the
present time he has ' been busily engaged in treating
chronic diseases, especially those which have hitherto
been considered fatal, and his success in this field is
widely known. In the early part of 1878 he was
chosen president of tlie "Institute of Micrology," a
position he continues to hold.

JOHN C. SANDERS.

Doctor Moses Sanders, the father of the subject of
this sketch, was a native of Milford, Massachusetts,
having been born there on the 27th of May, 1789.
He received a good English education and some
knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages. At
an early period he removed with his father's family to
Saratoga county, New York, where he studied medi-
cine, attending medical lectures in New York City.
He began the practice of his profession in Manchester,
near Canandaigua. He soon afterward married Miss
Harriet M. Thompson, of Cherry Valley, by whom
he had five children — Olive, IsabeUa, William D.,
John C. andEhoda, the last of whom died in infancy.
In 1818 he removed to Peru, Huron county, Ohio,
where, with the exception of three years spent in[Nor-
walk, he passed the remainder of his life. Mrs.
Sanders died on the 20th of October, 1829, and ho
married, for bis second wife, Mrs. Pearly Douglas, of
Elyria, Ohio. By this union he had one child,
Elizabeth Chapin, born April 15, 1832.

Doctor Moses Sanders was one of the pioneer
physicians of Ohio, and for a period of nearly forty
years devoted himself to the duties of his profession,
which, was relinquished only when illness prevented
its longer continuance.

He died on the 18th of May, 1856, and consequently
lacked only nine days of being sixty-seven years of
age. The following extracts are taken from an address
delivered at his funeral by the Rev. A. Newton:

"In looking at the traits of Dr. Sanders' mind, I
regard as among the most prominent, its energy and

force. He never seemed to think feebly. His mind
seized every subject within its range, with a firm
grasp. * * * This mental force, combined with
an ardent physical temperament, imparted great
energy to all his movements. He had greatexecutive
power. "Whatever he took hold of, he would accom-
plish in a short time. Whatever he had in hand, he
did with his might.

"An open frankness was characteristic of Doctor
Sanders. He carried his heart in his hand. He
knew no concealment. * * * He was a man of
warm social feelings. As a husband and a father, no
man could be more beloved. Ihe strong social
principles of his nature found their finest develope-
ment in the family circle of which he wasthe honored
head. * * * He was also liberal and public-
- spirited. He had a ready sympathy with those objects
and plans which look to the benefit of others. * *
He saw the value of religious institutions before he
felt a personal interest in religion itself, and was
therefore a liberal supporter of the Gospel from his
first entrance upon professional life. * * *

"But the most marked characteristic of Doctor
Sanders was his professional enthusiasm. His strong
natural powers were entirely, I may say ifitensely,
devoted to his chosen work. His profession was not
a stepping-stone to wealth and fame, but it was an
end in itself. * * * * Generous and public-
spirited — attached to his friends — devoted to his pa-
tients— untiring in his eiiorts to alleviate human
suffering in all its forms, and in every grade and con-
dition of life — a true philanthropist, he will long be
remembered by the people of this county. An
ornament to his profession, he has loft an examjile to
its members which few, indeed, will be so fortunate
as to excel."

John C. Sanders was born in Peru, Huron county,
Ohio, on the 2d day of July, 1825. He received his
education (subsequent to tliat of the common schools)
at Lima Academy, after which he began the study of
medicine with his fathtr, remaining in his office five
years. He was then graduated from the medical de-
partment of the Western Ecscrve College, which at
that time owned a distinguished faculty, consisting
of Professors Kirtland, Delamater, Ackley, J. Lang
Cassells and St. Johns. After his graduation young
Sanders entci-ed into partnership with his father, in
the practice of his profession at Peru.

The young doctor continued in this relation for
eighteen months, when, becoming convinced of the
need of a broader general culture, he broke away from
the ties of social and professional life, and began
assiduously to prepare for a literary college course.
At the end of one year he entered the Western Reserve
College, where he remained two years, after which he
became a member of the junior class at Yale College,
and was graduated from that institution in the class of
1854. Immediately after his graduation he returned
to Ohio, and established a partnership with Dr. A. N.
Eead for the practice of medicine and surgery, at
Norwalk.

Soon after the death of his father, in 1856, Dr.
Sanders removed to Cleveland, and opened an oflSce
there. Becoming gradually impressed with the suc-
cess of the homoeopathic system, he decided, with his

382

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

usiTal promptitude, to give it a special and thorough
study. The line of his investigations was not in the
direction of its literature, with which he was familiar,
but of the clinical experience of the repi'osentative
practitioners of that school in the city of Cleveland.
He first entered the office of Dr. Turrill, and subse-
quently that of Dr. Wheeler, i-emaining a year in each,
engaged exclusively in the study of their clinical ex-
periences. He became convinced of the superiority
of the system in question, and decided to adopt and
follow it. The success that has since attended his
labors proves, as he claims, the wisdom of his choice.
He opened an office on the Public Square, and soon
took his place among the leading practitioners of the .
city. Within a year afterward he received the ap-
pointment of professor of obstetrics and diseases of
women and children in the Cleveland Homa3opathic
College, wliich position he occupied exclusively, with
. the exception of one session, for a period of twenty
years. For the past five years the chair has been di-
vided, but he still presides over the department of
obstetrics. For three sessions he lectured on the
theory and practice of medicine, and during one ses-
sion on physiology. As a lecturer he is fluent, logical
and eminently clinical, with a fine command of lan-
guage and a complete mastery of his subject.

Aside from his collegiate duties he has cnjoj'ed a
large general practice, and ranks among the most suc-
cessful physicians of Cleveland. For nine years he
lias been treasurer of the Homoeopathic Medical Soci-
ety of Ohio, of which he has long been an active and
valued member. He has alio been a frequent contrib-
utor to its literature. For many years he has been a
member of the American Institute of Homceopathy,
holding the chairmanship of its bureau of obstetrics
for a series of years, and having also been its vice
president.

The same energy and ability which characterized
his youth have been conspicuous in all his subsequent
life, and in the professor's chair as well as in the ex-
tensive practice of a prominent physician, ho has ever
discharged his duties in such a manner as to gain the
approbation of the public. He is an entliusiastic
supporter of the public school system, takes a deep
interest in promoting all educational interests, and has
been instrumental in the advancement of the stand-
ards of professional scholarship in the medical schools.
He is now president of the HomoBopathic Inter-Col-
legiate Congress.

Though taking no active part in political matters,
he acts with the Republican party, and is firm in his
convictions and decided in his expressions of opinion.
He was married October 25, 1854, to Albina G.
Smith, of Cleveland, by whom he has five children-
John K., Albina C, Ezra C, Gertrude G. and Frank
B. Sanders.

WILLIAM JOHNSON SCOTT.

William Johnson Scott, physician and surgeon, was
born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 35th day
of January, 1832. His father came to Ohio in 1830,
settling in Knox county, where he resided until his
death. Young Scott worked on his father's farm
until twenty-one years of age, with occasional inter-
vals of attendance at a common school. He then,
entirely on his own responsibility, entered the pre-
paratory department of Kenyon College, and went
regularly through the college course; being graduated
in 1848. After his graduation he was appointed
tutor, which position he held for two years. He
directed his special attention, as he had previously
done, to those branches of science which would aJd
him in preparing for the medical profession. The
studies in question were directed by Homer L. Thrall,
M.D., who was professor of chemistry in the college
at the time.

In the winter of 1849-50 Mr. Scott attended a
course of lectures at Cleveland Medical College.
He returned to Gambier in the spring, taking charge
of the laboratory of the college, and practicing medi-
cine with Dr. Thrall until the fall of 1853. Having
then been elected professor of chemistry in Jefferson
College, at Washington, Mississippi, he removed to
that place, holding the position in question two years.
He then returned to Ohio, and attended a course of
lectures at Starling Medical College, Columbus; being
graduated from that institution in 1853, with the
degree of M.D. He had previously received the de-
gree of A.M. from Kenyon College.

Dr. Scott then opened an office in Shadeville,
Franklin county, Ohio, where he practiced until 1864,
when he accepted the professorship of materia medica
and therapeutics in Charity Hospital Medical College,
at Cleveland, Ohio. He held this position two years,
when he was transferred to the chair of principles
and practice of medicine, in which he still remains.

He has been consulting physician in Charity Hos-
pital and clinical lecturer on medicine ever since he
came to Cleveland. His college and hospital duties,
however, only occupy a portion of his time, the remain-
der being devoted to his private practice.

After a time Charity Hospital Medical College be-
came the medical department of the University of
AVooster, but Dr. Scott holds the same relations to
this institution as to the former one. He is a mera-
b|r of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the Ameri-
can Medical Association, of the American Pharma-
ceutical Society, the Franklin county Medical Society,
and the Cuyahoga County Medical Society. He has
also been the president of the Cleveland Academy of
Medicine, of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society,
and of the Ohio State Medical Society.

,-/ C!_-(l ^Jl- ill J

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

383

Dr. Scott was married to Miss Mary P. Stone, of
St. Johnsbnry, Vermont, in the year 1854. He is a
member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Cleveland,
and maintains a high standing as a faithful Christian,
a skillful physician, and an upright citizen.

ELIAS SIMS.

Captain Elias Sims, son of John and Eliza Sims,
was born in Onondaga county, New York, on the 4th
day of August, 1818. The membeis, on both sides,
of the family to which he belongs are remarkable for
their longevity. His father, a successful and enter-
prising farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania; his
mother was born in New York. His boyhood was
spent on his father's farm, and his educational advan-
tages were very limited, Being the sixth of a family
of twelve children, he early realized that it would be
necessary for him to make his own way in the world.
Possessing considerable ambition and enterprise, he
left the pateraal home at the age of fifteen, deter-
mined to carve out his own fortune^

He first secured employment as a driver on the
Erie canal, and continued in that occupation three
years. He then commenced contracting on the canal,
making drains, etc, and at the end of the first year,
found that he had realized a snug sum of money.
He then took another contract and lost everything he
had accumulated. Undiscouraged by this reverse of
fortune, he at once resumed work as an employee)
and at the end of another year again commenced job-
bing and contracting, a business which he has con-
tinued with varying success until the present time.

In 1855 Captain Sims came to Cleveland to dredge
the bed of the Cuyahoga river, but in 1860 he removed
with his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he
remained three years, returning to Cleveland in 1863.
He then settled on Washington street, on the West
Side, where he still resides.

fn connection with John H. Sargeant, D. P. Ehodes
and John Spalding, Captain Sims, in 1868, built the
Kocky River railroad, of which he is now president,
this (1879) being the fifth year he has occupied that
position. He has also been, since 1875, president of
tlie West Side street railway company, and in con-
nection with Mr. Rhodes organized the West Side
Gas Company, in which he is a director. He assisted
in organizing the People's Savings and Loan Associa-
tion, in which he is also a director; besides hold-
ing the same office in the Citizen's Loan Association
on the|East Side. Since his residence in Cleveland he
has, to some extent, engaged in lake traffic; is a large
real estate owner and is also interested in the Cuya-
hoga Stone company of Berea.

Captain Sims has never sought public .office, but is
an earnest supporter of the Republican party and is
liberal and progressive in his views.

He has been the architect of his own fortunes, hav-
ing been compelled to depend npon his own energies
and to push his way unaided. His success is due to

his untiring industry and his sound judgment. He
is no niggard with the wealth he has acquired, but is
a constant and liberal contributor to many public and
charitable enterprises. Although not a member of
any church organization he is an attendant — and for
three years has been a vestryman — of St. John's Epis-
copal Church. By his uprightness of character, gen-
erosity, and general good qualities he has won the es-
teem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances.
In 1838 Mr. Sims married Cornelia Vosburgh,
daughter of James Vosburgh, of Onondaga county,
New York, by whom he had four children. Only
three of these are living (one having died in infancy).
They are Eliza, wife of William W. Sloan, of Buffalo,
New York; Sarah J., wife of Charles Everett, of
Cleveland; and Olivia, wife of W. J. Starkweather.
Mrs. Sims died on the 27th day of November, 1876.

ABRAHAM D. SLAGHT.

Abraham D. Slaght was born in Morristown, New
Jersey, on the 5th day of May, 1786, and died at
Brooklyn, Ohio, on the 31st day of September, 1873,
having reached the advanced age of eighty-seven
years. The name of Mr. Slaght is well known among
the older residents of Cleveland, he having removed
to Ohio in the spring of 1817, coming from New
Jersey with his family in company with several other
emigrant households. The journey was made in
heavily laden wagons, drawn by ox-teams, and was
necessarily slow and wearisome. At Buffalo the wo-
men and children were left, and came from that place
by the way of the lake, while the men pushed for-
ward through the forest with the wagons.

Mr. Slaght first settled on what is now known as
Euclid Ridge, and, until a house could be erected,
his covered wagon was the only shelter to be obtained
for his wife and three children. As soon as their
rude dwelling was finished, he commenced working
at his trade, which was that of a shoemaker, and also
engaged in farming to some extent.

In 1833 he purchased a tract of land on what is
now St. Clair street, near Madison avenue, and re-
moved thither the same year. He then gave up his
trade, and devoted his energies to cutting down and
clearing off the timber with which his land was
covered, and to the cultivation of the soil. He re-
mained on this place until 1860, when, his property
having greatly increased in value, he retired, and for
the remainder of his life resided with his daughter,
Mrs. Erancis Branch, to whom this notice and the
accompanying portrait are due.

In manner and dress Mr. Slaght was plain and un-
ostentatious, and never, in any way, sought public
notice. In politics he was first a Whig and afterward
a Eepublican, and though never taking a prominent
part in political movements, he did not neglect the
duties of a good citizen, and served with ability in
various local offices of trust. He was, in fact, a good
citizen, a good neighbor, and a kind and indulgent

384

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

father. He was married on tlie 21st of February,
1811, to Taphenis Dickerson, by whom he had ten
children— six daughters and four sons, viz: Edgar,
born Enbruary 29, 1812; Louisa, born October 16,
1813; Adeline, born July 20, 1815; Joseph, born
January 22, 1818; Sarah, born November 34, 1819;
Cornelius, born October 4, 1821; Mortimer, born
October 22, 1824; Elizabeth, born October 18, 1826;
Martha, born April 2, 1831, and Julia D., born Octo-
ber 20, 1834. Mrs. Slaght died October 4, 1851.

AMASA STONE.

Amasa Stone, a prominent railroad manager and
builder, was born in Charlton, Worcester county,
Massachusetts, April 27, 1818. The founders of the
family in America, mentioned in the succeeding
sketch, were members of a Puritan colony which
landed at Boston in 1635.

Mr. Amasa Stone's father was a farmer, and the for-
mer remained at home, laboi'ingon the farm and attend-
ing the district school, until he was seventeen years
old, when he engaged to work three years to learn the
trade of a builder. The first labor he did on his own
account was to fill a contract for the joiner work of a
large house in Worcester, at the age of nineteen. At
twenty he associated himself with his two elder
brothers, in a contract to build a church -edifice at East
Brookfield. The next year he acted as foreman in the
erection of two church edifices and several buildings,
in Massachusetts.

In 1839 and '40 he was engaged with Mr. Howe in
building the bridge across the Connecticut river at
Springfield, Massachusetts, for the Western railroad
company. Mr. Howe had just secured hi_s patent for
what is known as the "Howe Truss Bridge." From
the time of building this bridge, and for several years,
Mr. Stone was constantly employed in building rail-
way bridges and depot buildings. In 1843, he and
Mr. A. Boody purchased from Mr. Howe his bridge
patent for the New England States, and a company,
under the name of Boody, Stone & Co., was formed
for the construction of railways and railway bridges,
the mechanical branch of the work to be under the
care of Mr. Stone. In 1845 he was appointed super-
intendent of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring-
field railroad, still continuing his relations with the
firm, but the business of the latter became so heavy that
he was obliged to resign the position of superin-
tendent.

Messrs. Boody & Stone had agreed to pay forty
thousand dollars for the patent of the Howe truss
bridge. A few years afterward defects were found in
bridges erected on this plan; other plans competed
for the superiority, and it was feared that the purchase
was a very poor investment. Mr. Stone's inventive
genius was such that he was able to improve the
patent in several important particulars, so that it was
not found necessary to change it afterward.

In 1846 the bridge over the Connecticut river at

Enfield Falls, one fourth of a mile long, was carried
away by a hurricane. Mr. Stone was applied to by
the president of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring-
field railroad for advice in regard to its reconstruc-
tion. This meeting and the subsequent action of the
directors resulted in making Mr. Stone sole manager
of the work of erecting another bridge. It was com-
pleted, and a train of cars passed over it, within forty
days from tlie day the order was given for its erection.
He regarded this as one of the most important events
of his life, and he was rewarded by complimentary
resolutions and a check for one thousand dollars,
given by the company.

The next winter the firm of Boody, Stone & Co.
was dissolved, Mr. Stone taking, of the States covered
by the patent, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con-
necticut. He then formed a partnership with Mr.
D. L. Harris, which continued until 1849. In 1848 he
formed another partnership, with Mr. Stillman Witt
and Mr. Frederick Harbach, and this firm contracted
with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati rail-
road company to construct the road from Cleveland
to Columbus. This was thought by many to be a
doubtful undertaking, as a part of the payment for
the work was to be taken in the capital stock of the
company. It was finished, however, and the stock
proved to be a very profitable investment.

In 1850 Mr. Stone was appointed its superin-
tendent, and in the same year he removed to Cleve-
land. Another most important enterprise with which
he was connected was the construction of the railroad
from Cleveland to Erie. This was completed in the
face of numberless difficulties, and Mr. Stone was
appointed its superintendent. In 1853, while still
acting as superintendent of both the roads named,
Mr. Stone was elected a director in each of the com-
panies, and he attended to the duties of these various
positions with great ability until 1854, when he re-
signed the superintendency on account of ill health.
He was also, for several years, president of the Cleve-
land, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1855
Messrs. Stone and Witt contracted to build the Chi-
cago and Milwaukee railroad, and the former was for
many years a director in that company.

He was also a director in several banks — the Mer-
chants' of Cleveland, the Bank of Commerce, the
Second National Bank, the Commercial National
Bank, and the Cleveland Banking Company. For sev-
eral years he was the president of the Toledo branch
of the State Bank of Ohio, at Toledo, a director
of the Jamestown and Franklin Railroad Company,
and the president of the Mercer Iron and Coal Com-
pany. He also aided in establishing several manu-
factories, carried on extensive ear works, and gave
financial aid to several iron-manufacturing interests.
In 1861 he erected a large woolen-mill in Cleveland.
He also gave special attention to the construction of
roofs of buildings, covering many acres of ground;
the last designed by him being that of the Union
passenger depot at Cleveland. He was also said to

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

385

be the first to design and erect pivot drawbridges of
long span, and in the construction of railroad cars
and locomotives he introduced numerous improve-
ments.

Mr. Stone took a prominent part in the recruiting
and supply of troops during the war for the Union,
and was offered by President Lincoln a commission
as brigadier-general for the purpose of building a
military raih'oad through Kentucky to Knoxville,
Tennessee, a project which was afterwards relin-
quished by the government. He went abroad in 1868
for the benefit of his health, and spent two years in
travel and observation. On his return, in 1873, he
resumed charge of the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern railroad as managing director, which posi-
tion he resigned in 1875; afterward devoting his
time to the care of his own estate. He gave, at this
and other periods, a great deal of attention to works
of public charity, and in 1877 he built and endowed
a home for aged and indigent women at Cleveland.

Mr. Stone was married on the 13th day of January,
1842, to Miss Julia Ann Gleason of Warren, Massa-
chusetts. His children have been three in number:
a son, Adelbert B. Stone, a young gentleman of
remarkable promise, who was drowned in the Con-
necticut river while a student at Yale College; and
two daughters, the elder of whom was married in
1874 to John Hay, Esq.

ANDROS B. STONE.

This gentleman was born in Charlton, Worcester
county, Massachusetts, on the 18th day of June,
1834. He is a descendant, in the seventh generation
(in this country), from an English family. In the
year 1635 two brothers named Simon and Gregory
Stone sailed from Ipswich, England, for Boston, in the
ship "Increase." They settled in Cambridge, Mass-
achusetts— were yeomen and land owners; Mr. Simon
Stone being one of the owners of the old Cambridge
burying ground, where his remains have lain for
nearly two hundred and fifty years. Mr. Stone's
ancestors were nearly all noted Puritans — prominent
in the church and in public affairs. His great grand-
father, Jonathan Stone, removed to Worcester county,
where his son Jonathan and his grandson Amasa,
the father of the subject of this sketch, permanently
settled.

Mr. Andros B. Stone was the youngest of ten
children, and remained upon the home farm until he
was fifteen years of age, i-eceiving such education as
the common schools and academies in that part of the
country afforded. On leaving home at the early age
just named, Mr. Stone was actuated by one strong de-
sire, that of mastering a trade. He chose that of a
carpenter, placing himself under the tutelage of an
elder brother. Mr. William Howe, a brother-in-law,
having about this time taken out a valuable patent for
a bridge called the "Howe Truss," an advantageous

opening was tliereby presented to the large family of
brothers, and A. B. Stone was made a superintendent
of the construction of bridges when he was but
eighteen years old. As soon as he attained his ma-
jority he began building bridges in the State of
Maine, in company with an eider brother, and after-
ward became associated with Mr. Azariah Boody in
the construction of bridges in Vermont.

In 1853 Mr. Stone removed to Chicago, and he and
a brother-in-law established themselves as builders of
"Howe" bridges in Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri and
Iowa. The rapid increase of railroads in the western
country at this time gave the young men an oppor-
tunity for enterprise which they amply utilized, as
the bridges on the Illinois Central, the Chicago, Rock
Island and Pacific, the Chicago and Northwestern
railroads and others fully testify. In addition to this
lai'ge business, Mr. Stone was also engaged in manu-
facturing cars of all kinds, which for five years was a
successful business.

After six years of busy life in Chicago, Mr. Stone
turned his attention to the great iron industry, and
in 1858 identified himself with a small establishment
at ISTewburg, near Cleveland, owned by Chisholm &
Jones. At this time the firm had one small mill for
re-rolling old rails, and employed about forty men.
The business grew from year to year, and in 1863 the
ownership was vested in a stock company, under the
name of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, with
Mr. Stone as president, which position he retained
for fifteen years. The business has steadily increased
until the establishment has became the largest one on
the American continent devoted to the iron and steel
industry; giving employment to nearly five thousand
men, who, with their families, constitute one-sixth of
the population of Cleveland. The yearly value of
the products of the mill amounts to nearly eight
million dollars.

During the unparalleled- depression in the iron in-
dustry extending over the five years previous to the
present one, Mr. Stone proved himself a financier of
no common ability by taking this company through
the crisis without difficulty, and witliout loss to either
stockholders or employees. In 1878 Mr. Stone re-
signed his position as president of the company for
that of vice president, which he still occupies.

Among other prominent positions which Mr. Stone
holds, are those of president of the Union Rolling
Mill Company of Chicago — an important corporation,
devoted to the manufacture of steel rails; president
of the Kansas Rolling Mill Company, which manu-
factures iron rails and fastenings; president of the
St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern railway com-
pany, and president of the Poughkeepsie Bridge Com-
pany, chartered by the State of New York for the
purpose of bridging the Hudson river at Pough-
keepsie. He is also engaged in many smaller enter-
prises, as would naturally be expected in the case of
a man of his business capacity and versatility.

Mr. Stone was married early in life to a daughter

386

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

of Eev. Mr. Boomer, by whom he has two daughters.
He is, at present, living in New York City.

It has been truly said that throughout his career Mr.
Stone has ahown two marked characteristics which usu-
ally lead to success; a clear and thorough understand-
ing of whatever he has undertaken, and unvarying
respect for the rights and opinion? of others. Thus
we see what ability and energy can do m a country
so rich in opportunity as ours. A boy of fifteen
starts out from an obscure home, without other
capital than his own powerful brain and strong
will — at fifty-five he stands among the very foremost
chiefs of American manufacturing industry, with
the proud satisfaction of feeling that it is his own
hands which have placed him in that position.

Worthy s. streator.

The Hon. Worthy S. Streator was born in Hamil-
ton, Madison county, New York, October 16, 1816.
He received an education at an academy and after-
wards entered a medical college, where he graduated
after a four years course. He removed to Aurora,
Ohio, and commenced the practice of medicine in
1839. After five years of general practice he removed
to Louisville, Kentucky, spending a year in the Col-
lege and Hospital in that city, under the tutelage of
the celebrated Dr. Groes, now of Philadelphia. He
then resumed the practice of his profession at Eavenna,
Portage county, Ohio.

In 1850 Dr. Streator removed to Cleveland, when,
after devoting two more years to his profession, he
turned his attention to railroad building. His first
undertaking in this direction was the construction of
the Greenville and Medina road, in partnership with
Henry Doolittle: and on the completion of this line
they contracted to build that part of the Atlantic and
Great Western railroad which runs through the State
of Ohio— its length being two hundred and forty-four
miles. In 1860 they contracted for the construction
of the Pennsylvania division, ninety-one miles in
length, and still later for that of the New York por-
tion. Mr. Doolittle dying. Dr. Streator disposed of
the contracts to James McHenry, Esq., of London
England, and acted for him in the capacity of super-
intendent of construction.

In 1862 Dr. Streator projected the Oil City railroad
from Corry to Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, the
central point of the oil regions. The line, thirty-
seven miles long, was built with extraordinary rapid-
ity, and its success was almost . without a parallel in
the history of railroading. Its ears were crowded
with passengers as soon as it reached the vicinity of
Titusville, and the resources of the road were entirely
inadequate to accommodate the people rushing into
the oil regions, or to transport the immense amount
of oil seeking the markets of this country and Europe.
Although Dr. Streator worked with untiring energy
to accommodate the public, and to keep pace with the

development of the country and of the oil interests
consequent on the construction of the road, it for a
long time outstripped all his efforts. While the prof-
its of the line were enormous, the creation of wealth
by the enterprise was beyond all computation. Dr.
Streator controlled and operated the road until 1866,
when he disposed of it to Dean Richmond, of the
New York Central railroad. He constructed for that
company the Cross Cut railroad, running from Corry
to Brocton, a distance of forty-two miles, to connect
the new purchase with the main line.

After this the doctor organized a company for the
purchase of a large body of coal land on the Vermil-
lion river, in La Salle and Livingston counties, Illi-
nois. The tract comprised over five thousand acres, on
which was a splint vein about six feet deep, the coal
resembling that at Massillon, Ohio. To connect these
beds with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy rail-
road he built fifteen miles of railroad, and afterwards
built seventy-one miles more in order to connect them
with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the
Chicago and Northwestern roads. He disposed of the
former to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy com-
pany, and in 1869 sold one half of his coal lands to
parties acting in the interest of that corporation. The
product of these mines has now reached the vast
amount of six hundred thousand tons per annum.

In 1869 Dr. Streator was elected hj the Republicans
of Cuyahoga county to represent their district in the
Ohio State senate, and served with ability and fidelity
until the close of his term in 1871.

During this time he formed a friendship with Gov-
ernor (now President) Hayes, and has lately received
from him the offer of the position of collector of in-
ternal revenue for the district of Northern Ohio.

While a member of the senate he was chosen presi-
dent of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas railroad com-
pany, which had been organized to build a railroad
connecting Lake Erie at the mouth of Black river
with Wheeling on the Ohio, and he has remained
connected with this road down to the present time.
In 1875 Dr. Streator became a member of the firm of
J. P. Robison & Co., proprietors of the National
Packing House, of Cleveland, one of the largest in
Ohio and one of the most complete in the world.
Nearly all the meats packed by this house are shipped
by them direct to the English market, being cured
with especial reference to the wants of that country.
Dr. Streator has two large farms near Cleveland,
and has stocked them with short-horn thoroughbred
cattle, Kentucky horses and Cotswold sheep, not ex-
celled by any in America. So thorough have been his
efforts in this direction (although he originally began
farming merely as a recreation), and so fully have his
exertions to benefit the agricultural interests of the
country been appreciated by those interested in hus-
bandry, that he has been elected at various times
president of the Northern Ohio Fair Association, one
of the most complete organizations of its kind in the
world.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

387

Two marked characteristics of the doctor's life have
been promptness and thoroughness, and his reputa-
tion for honesty in either his public or his business
life has never been questioned. Although so actively
engaged in large and varied' enterprises, he has never
neglected his duties as a citizen or a man. He has
for many years been a member of the Church of the
Disciples, and the prosperity of the denomination in
Cleveland is largely due to his liberality and efforts.
Every worthy enterprise, public or charitable, has
found in him a patron and supporter.

Dr. Streator was married in 1839 to Miss Sarah W.
Stirling, of Lyman, New York, and they have a fam-
ily of four children — one daughter (wife of Mr. E. B.
Thomas, general manager of the Cleveland, Colum-
bus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad) and three
sons.

PETER THATCHER.

Peter Thatcher, familiarly known as "Uncle
Peter," was born at Attleborough, Massachusetts, on
the20tli of July, 1813. He is a direct descendant in
the sixth generation from the Reverend Thomas
Thatcher, founder of the old South Church of Boston,
who came to New England in 1635, at the age of
fifteen years, with his uncle, Anthony Thatcher. He
was the son of the Rev. Peter Thatcher, rector of
the old Salisbury Church in England, and a most
estimable and pious man, as well as learned, being
thoroughly versed in theology, the arts, sciences and
languages, and also a physician of considerable note.

He was spoken of, in New England, as the best
scholar of his time, and many of his descendants have
also rendered this name illustrious in church and
State.

Peter Thatcher, the subject of this sketch, was edu-
cated in the Wrentham and Amherst academies, which
he attended from 1826 to 1828.

In 1830 he went to Taunton, Massachusetts, and
determined to earn his own livelihood. He found
employment with a house carpente]', to whom he en-
gaged himself to work one year for forty dollars and
board.

After two years service in this employ, he, in
November, 1834, commenced work as a mechanic
on the Boston and Providence railroad — one of the
oldest roads in this country— and soon won the con-
fidence of his employers by his faithfulness and capa-
bility. He was advanced to the position of superin-
tendent of construction, and after a few years took
several contracts on his own account, which he carried
out to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. After
finishing his work on the Boston and Providence rail-
road, he was engaged until 1843 on various railroads
in New England, Long Island, Maryland and New
York.

In 1843, 1844 and 1845, he was engaged in the con-
struction of forts Warren and Independence, in Bos-
ton harbor, under the superintendence of Colonel

Sylvanus Thayer. The value of his services, andthe
esteem in which he was held by his emploj'ers, may be
inferred from the following extracts from letters of
recommendation. The first is from Mr. William
Otis, contractor on the Boston and Providence rail-
road, to Mr. Latrobe, of Baltimore, chief engineer of
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad.

He says: "The bearer, Mr. Peter Thatcher, wishes
to become a bidder for some of your work. I can say
for him, that he has been in my employment, as su-
perindent, for the last four years, and he has always
acquitted himself with entire satisfaction to the
engineer over him and to myself. I feel pride in say-
ing that he is a young man in whom the utmost con-
fidence can be placed."

Mr. Wright, superintendent of engineers at Fort
Warren, wrote of him in the following terms: "He
possesses a thorough acquaintance with his business,
and combines great intelligence with an uncommon
degree of faithfulness in the discharge of duty. I
feel assured that whoever is so fortunate as to com-
mand his services will esteem him a great acquisition."

Others equally commendatory might be quoted, but
these will suflBce to show the character he had estab-
lished. He subsequently became extensively engaged
as a railroad contractor, building many of the promi-
nent railroads in the Eastern States, and all along the
coast from Maine to Georgia.

In 1850 he obtained control of the Howe patent
truss bridge, and established the firm of Thatcher,
Burt & Co., bridge builders, with offices at Spring-
field, Massachusetts, and Cleveland, Ohio. At this
time Mr. Thatcher removed to Cleveland, and for
many years was one of the principal bridge builders
in the West. He erected nearly all the original rail-
road bridges in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Ken-
tucky, on the Cleveland, Columbus and Pittsburg;
Cleveland and Toledo; Panhandle; Pittsburg, Ft.
Wayne and Chicago; Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin-
nati and Indianapolis; Cincinnati and Marietta; Cin-
cinnati and St. Louis; Baltimore and Ohio, and other
railroads. In 1862 he rebuilt the bridge over the
Cumberland river at Nashville, which was burned
during the war.

After having, for thirteen years, carried on the
bridge building business and added to it a trade in
lumber, the firm built the Union Elevator, in Cleve-
land, and a new firm of Thatcher, Gardner, Burt &
Co., was formed. This firm was dissolved in 1865,
by the withdrawal of Mr. Thatcher. About this time
a company was formed for the purchase of a patent
obtained for the manufacture of a durable paint and
fire-proof mastic from iron ore. Mr. Thatcher was
chosen president of the company, which at once en-
tered on a vigorous prosecution of its business and
has succeeded beyond the anticipation of its directors.
The paint is made of Lake Superior iron ore, 'ground
fine, and mixed with linseed oil, with which it forms
a perfect union. It is then used in a thin state, as a
paint for surfaces, whether of wood, stone or metal,

388

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

exposed to the weather, and in a thicker state for a
fire-proof mastic. The ore is crushed by machinery
of great strength, and about three tons of paint are
produced daily, besides the mastic, and find i-eady
market.

In connection with the above Mr. Thatcher has
also purchased a patent for the manufacture of
"metallic shingle," or iron roofing, which, after a
test of a number of years, has been acknowledged to
be unequaled for strength, durability, economy and
beauty, and is water, fire, snow and dust proof.

On the 11th of September, 1854, Mr. Thatcher first
became connected with the Masonic order by being
initiated an entered apprentice in Iris Lodge, No.
239, of Cleveland. He rapidly advanced in the
society, has filled many high and responsible posi-
tions, and, since 1862, has been grand treasurer of
the Grand Conimandery of Knights Templar of Ohio.
He has also passed through the Scottish rites to the
thirty-second degree.

In politics he is aKepublican, and, although he has
never sought political preferment, has been appointed
to several offices of public trust. For six years he
has been a commissioner of the water works. He
was elected a member of the board of public works
of the State, in which position he remained three
years, and has also been president of the Cleveland
Library Association for two years. In every instance
his services have given universal satisfaction. He is
not a member of any church organization, but is a con-
stant and generous contributor to churches, schools,
public institutions and charitable causes.

He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, and enjoys
the affection and respect of a large circle of friends.
As a citizen and a man of business he commands the
confidence of all. He was married on the 6th of
May, 1849, to Sarah Adams, daughter of Eudor and
Lydia Adams Estabrook, of "West Cambridge (now
Arlington), Massachusetts. To them have been born
three children — two sons, and one daughter who died
in infancy. The eldest, Peter, Jr., who represents
the seventh generation of this name, was born on the
31st of August, 1850; John Adams, the second son,
was born on the 26th of February, 1852; Annie
Adams, the only daughter, was born on the 18th of
March, 1855, and died February the 7th, 1857.

AMOS TOWNSEND.

Amos Townsend was born near Pittsburg, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1831. His father, Aaron Townsend, was a
well-to-do farmer, belonging to the Townsend family
of Philadelphia. His mother was a daughter of
Captain Jacob Cox, who served under Washington
in the Eevolutionary war. He received a good edu-
cation, and when fifteen years of age entered a store
near Pittsburg, in which he remained until he was
nineteen. He subsequently removed to Mansfield,
Ohio, and formed a partnership with N. B. Hogg,
under the firm name of A. Townsend & Co., for the

transaction of a general mercantile business. This
firm was dissolved at the end of five yeai-s, and the
business closed.

During his residence m Mansfield the Kansas
troubles broke out, and a committee was appointed
by the National House of Representatives to proceed
to the scene of the disturbance, make investigation,
and report the exact condition of afEairs. Mr. John
Sherman procured for Mr. Townsend the appoint-
ment of marshal of the committee, and he attended
it in that capacity.

This position proved a dangerous as well as respon-
sible one, but was filled in such a manner as to gain
the respect and good will of both parties.

In 1858 Mr. Townsend removed to Cleveland, and
accepted a position in the wholesale grocery establish-
ment of Gordon, McMillan & Co., in which he re-
mained until 1861. He then became the junior part,
ner in the firm of Edwards, Iddings & Co., engaged
in a similar business. On the death of Mr. Iddings,
in 1862, the firm became Edwards, Townsend & Co.,
which it still remains. The house has been very suc-
cessful, establishing an extensive business and a high
reputation for stability and enterprise.

Mr. Townsend has always taken an active interest
in public and political matters, and, although not an
ofiice seeker, has been chosen to many positions of
public trust. In the spring of 1864 he was elected a
member of the city council, on the Eepublican ticket,
and was re-elected to the same position five successive
terms, serving continuously for ten years.- During
seven years of that time he was president of the coun-
cil, and during the last three years was chosen by a
unanimous vote. •*' In the spring of 1874 he took leave
of that body in an address which presented a clear
exhibit of the progress the city had made, during the
period of his connection with municipal affairs. In
1873 he was elected a member of the State constitu-
tional convention, serving in that body on the impor-
tant committees of finance, taxation and municipal
afEairs. He was one of the most conscientious and
pains-taking members, and rendered valuable service.
In October, 1876, Mr. Townsend was elected to the
forty-fifth Congress, entering upon his duties in 1877.
He took an active part in the business and debates of
the session, serving as a member of the committee on
post-offices and post-roads. The introduction and
successful passage of the letter-carrier bill was mainly
due to his efforts. He made an able speech, which
attracted marked attention, on the important tariff
bill introduced by Fernando "Wood. He was re-elected
to Congress in the fall of 1878, was appointed a mem-
ber of the committee on commerce, and will undoubt-
edly serve in the forthcoming session with his usual
vigor and ability.

As a business man he is active and persevering,
possessing a clear head and a sound judgment, which
enable him to form a correct estimate ofj the men he
meets, and of their aims and purposes. He belongs
to that class of citizens whose services in political

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

389

affairs are so much needed, and, as experience teaches,
are so difficult to obtain. During the war for the
Union, he proved himself thoroughly patriotic, con-
tributing in different ways to the support of the Union
cause, and serving for a time with the First Light
Artillery.

In addition to his other business interests, he owns
stock in several important corporations; he has been,
and is, a director of the Mercantile Insurance com-
pany, and in March, 1875, was chosen a director of
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianap-
olis railroad company. lu all the varied positions he
has occupied, both in public and private life, he has
shown the same indomitable energy, clear judgment,
thorough information and strict integrity, and lie is
regarded by all as an eminently successful business
man and politician.

OSCAE TOWNSEND.

The subject of this sketch is of English ancestry,
being descended from the Puritans who, as Macaulay
says, "prostrated themselves in dust before their
Maker, but set their feet upon the neck of their
king." The following genealogy shows his lineage
in this country.

Samuel Townsend was born in England in 1637,
and came to this country about the time (1649) when
the head of Charles First was brought to tlie block. He
settled' at Lynn, Massachusetts, and died there in
1704. His son, Jonathan Townseud, was born in
1668, and died at Lynn in 1717. The son of the
latter, also named Jonathan, was born in 1697, and
entered Harvard College in 1712. After being gradu-
ated, he was ordained in 1719 as pastor of the Con-
gregational church, at Needham, Massachusetts, and
died there in 1763, after a pastorate of forty-three
years; a length of service, especially if compared with
the average modern pastorate, creditable alike to the
congregation and their evidently trusted minister.

His son, Samuel Townsend, great-grandfather of
Oscar, was born in 1739, and died at Tyringham,
Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in 1833. The son
of the latter, William Townsend, a youthful soldier
at the close of the Eevolutionary war, was born in
1765, and died in Huron county, Ohio, in 1848.

His son, Hiram Townsend, father of Oscar, was
born August 31, 1798, and removed to Greenwich,
Huron county, Ohio, in the spring of 1816, and there
married Miss Eliza Fancher, on the 23d of April,
1833. It was no pathway of roses which opened at
that time before the newly-wedded couple. They saw
clearly what was before them, and entered knowingly
upon a life of labor and self-denial in a region which
at that time, apart from a few small hamlets and some
scattering cabins, was a dense wilderness, roamed over
by wild beasts, hardly more savage than the Chippewa
and Delaware Indians who occasionally visited the
locality. Yet they endured with patience and forti-
tude ah the perils and privations incident to pioneer

life in the West, sustained by their mutual affection,
till at last, after a long life of usefulness and self-sac-
rifice, Hiram Townsend passed to his rest on the
9th day of December, 1870, at the age of seventy-two,
universally honored and esteemed. His widow still
survives, residing in Cleveland, on the West Side.

Their son, Oscar Townsend, was born at their resi-
dence in Greenwich, March 33, 1835. He was, from
the very first, inured to the practical labors of farm
life, labors which no doubt aided largely both in de-
veloping his present muscular and well knit frame,
and in giving that practical readiness and that power
of adapting means to ends, which have so thoroughly
characterized him throughout his life. His educa-
tional advantages were limited to such training as the
country schools of that time afforded, except during
a few months in 1853, when he attended the old Pros-
pect-street grammar school, then under the charge of
Mr. L. M. Oviatt, afterwards superintendent of the
Cleveland public schools and librarian of the public
library, of whose attentive guidance Mr. Townsend
has ever since cherished the most grateful recollec-
tions.

The location of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cin-
cinnati railroad across his father's farm, in 1848, had
aroused the ambition of young Townsend, then only
thirteen years old, to find a wider and more congenial
sphere of action than his rural occupation had af-
forded. Beginning in a subordinate position on the
railway just mentioned, his earnest and constant en-
deavor was to subserve the interest of his employes
by unwearying faithfulness to every assigned duty.
This trait was soon observed by those who could not
only appreciate but reward it; and in the spring of
1856 young Townsend, at the age of twenty-one,
through the kindness of E. S. Flint and Addison
Hills, was transferred from Shelby station to the
freight office at Cleveland.

In April, 1863, Mr. Townsend was invited to a
position in the Second National Bank of Cleveland,
where he remained till 1865, when he was tendered
the post of supei-intendent of the Empire Transporta-
tion Co., and assumed the charge of the western
department of that line. The energy and ability
which had characterized Mr. Townsend in every posi-
tion which he had hitherto occupied were, by this
time, so fully recognized that in August, 1868, he
was tendered and accepted the offices of director and
vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin-
nati and Indianapolis railroad. When, a few months
afterwards, Mr. L. M. Hubby, the president of the
company, met with an accident which disabled him
from performing the duties of his position, Mr. Town-
send became the acting executive officer, and in Sep-
tember, 1870, at the age of thirty-five, was elected
president of the corporation.

In this position his executive and financial abilities
had a wider scope for their display than ever before,
and, whatever adventitious circumstances may be
claimed to have contributed to the result, Mr. Town-

390

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

send can certainly point to that term of five years —
from 1868 to 1873 — under his management, as em-
bracing the most prosperous period in the history
of tlie Glevehxnd, Cohimbus, Cincinnati and Indian-
apolis railroad. In closing his connection with the
road, in 1873, Mr. Townsend carried with him a writ-
ten testimonial by his successors as to the correct-
ness of all his official transactions in behalf of the
company, covering millions of dollars, from first to
last, a testimonial which he prized far beyond the pres-
tige gained while at the head of the company.

After a few years of comparative leisure, improved
by him in other pursuits, Mr. Townsend was tendered
the position of general manager of the Cleveland,
Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling railroad company,
by its board of directors, composed of such capable
and successful business men as Selah Chamberlain,
Amasa Stone, Dr. W. S. Streator and others, who
had been associated and intimately acquainted with
him for many years. This post he accepted and now
occupies.

He is also a part owner and the president of the
Lake Superior Transportation Co., wliich owns sev-
eral vessels employed in the iron ore trade between
ports on Lake Superior and Lake Erie.

Mr. Townsend was united, December 22, 1856, to
Miss Elizabeth iVIartin, daughter of the late Thomas
Martin, formerly of Huron county, Ohio, by whom
he has four sons, viz: Frank M., now twenty-one
years of age; Jay Frederic, nineteen; Willard H.,
twelve; and Oscar, Jr., five.

In general personal appearance, that is, in higlit,
weight, niassiveness of frame, and in movement, Mr.
Townsend is said to resemble the late Senator Stephen
A. Douglas, although their faces, as the i)icture shows,
arc dissimilar. Mr Townsend is of medium hight,
with a large, well-shaped head, abundant brown hair,
well streaked with gray, dark auburn whiskers, lai'ge,
blue eyes, a florid complexion, indicating a sanguine
temperament, a firm, full neck, very broad slioulders,
with a chest that, like Douglas', is of extraordinary
size in proportion to his hight. His movements are
active, and his gait is usually very rapid.

He is genial and kindly in manner, readily accessi-
ble to all, but prompt and decided when promptness
and decision are necessary. He loves and attracts
children, and greets acquaintances with a smiling eye
and a hearty grasp of the hand. He possesses and
expresses sti'ong feelings and preferences, with sin-
cerity, and is noted for the faithfulness with which he
fulfills every promise, no matter how much it may
prove to his own disadvantage. Although naturally
modest and retiring in his disposition, yet he mingles
freely in the social circle, and is ready to do his part
in promoting the^eneral enjoyment of any assemblage
met for mutual entertainment.

Mr. Townsend is a member of the First Baptist
church of Cleveland, as are also his wife and his eld-
est son. He is strictly temperate in his habits, and
abjures the use of alcoholic drinks and tobacco in

every form, as certain to prove deleterious to health
in the end. But, while thus holding his faith and
moral principles, he is never intolerant of the views
of others, and, as the result of his study and thought,
is in full sympathy with the most enlightened science
and philosophy of modern times. His hand and
his heart are alike open to all proper demands, whether
for the public advantage or for private unostentatious
charity, tempered by a wise disci'imination, which
knows almost instinctively when to withhold and
when to give freely.

JEPTHA H. WADE.

Jeptha H. Wade, whose name has been prominently
connected with the telegraphic history of the West,
and associated with many other important enterpises,
was born in Seneca county, New Yoi-k, on the 1 1th
of August, 1811.

He is a son of Jeptha Wade, a surveyor and civil
engineer, and was brought up to mechanical pursuits,
in which he achieved a fair amount of success. In
youth he was unexcelled as a marksman, and, in the
days of militia training, he was the commander of
four hundred Seneca-county rifiemen. They generally
closed the season with target practice, and in these
annual trials of skill he invariably showed his right
to command by not allowing himself to be beaten.

Having a taste for art, and finding his health im-
paired by the labors and close application consequent
upon his mechanical employment, he, in 1835, turned
his attention to portrait painting, and by study and
conscientious devotion to the art ho became very suc-
cessful. While engaged in this work, in Adrian,
Michigan, the useof the camera in producing portraits
came into notice. He purchased a camera, and, aided
only by printed directions, succeeded in taking the
first daguerreotype ever taken west of New York.

In 1844, while busy with his pencil and easel, taking
portraits, varying his occupation by experimenting
with the camera, news came to him of the excitement
created by the success of the experiment of working
a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington.

He turned his attention to the new science, studied
it with his accustomed patience and assiduity, mas-
tered its details, so far as then understood, and
immediately saw the advantage to the country, and
the pecuniary benefit to those immediately interested,
likely to accrue from the extension of the telegraph
system which had just been created.

He entered earnestly on the work of extending this
system, and the first line west of Buffalo was built by
him, between Detroit and Jackson, Michigan. The
Jackson office was opened and operated by him, al-
though he had received no practical instruction in the
manipulation of the instruments. After a short in-
terval he again entered the field of construction,
and, working with untiring energy, soon covered
all Ohio, and the country as far west as St. Louis,
with a net work of wires known as the "Wade lines."

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

391

This was not accomplished, however, without experi-
encing the difficulties, annoyances and misfortunes to
which all great enterprises are subject in their infancy.
Ignorant employees, imperfect insulation and ruinous
competition were the greatest embarrassments. But
to Mr. Wade these obstacles were not insuperable and
in the face of all these difficulties he proceeded with
the work of opening and operating telegraph lines.
Imperfect insulation was met by the invention of the
famous "Wade insulator," which is still in use.
He was the first to enclose a submarine cable in iron
armor (across the Mississippi river at St. Louis), for
which invention the i^orld and its telegraph system
owes him much; as it was this important discovery
and improvement in their construction that made tel-
egraph cables a success, and the crossing of oceans a
possibility.

The "House consolidation" placed his interests in
the Erie and Michigan, and Wade lines in the hands
of the Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Com-
pany, and before long this consolidation was followed
by the union of all the House and Morse lines in the
West, and the organization of the Western Union
Telegraph Company soon followed. In all these acts
of consolidation the influence of Mr. Wade was active
and powerful. Realizing the fact that competition
between short, detached lines rendered them unpro-
ductive, and that in telegraphy as in other things
union is strength, he directed his energies to bringing
about the consolidation, not only of the lines connect-
ing with each other, but of rival interests. The sound-
ness of his judgment has been proven by the remark-
able prosperity of the lines since their consolidation,
in marked contrast with their former condition. He
was one of the originators of the first Pacific tele-
graph, and on the formation of the company was
made its first president. The location of the line,
and its construction through the immense territory,
then in great part a wilderness, between Chicago
and San Francisco, were left mainly to his unaided
judgment and energy, and here again those qualities
converted a hazardous experiment into a brilliant
success.

He remained president of the Pacific company until
he secured its consolidation with the Western Union
Telegraph Company, to accomplish which he went to
California in the latter part of 1800, and succeeded
in harmonizing the jarring telegraphic interests there.
On the completion of this arrangement, in 1 866, Mr.
Wade was made president of the consolidated com-
pany, having his headquarters in New York. It is
scarcely possible to overestimate the value of his con-
nection with the Western Union Telegraph Company
at this period of its history, especially after he be-
came its chief executive officer.

He possessed, in a superior degree, the invaluable
faculty of administration and the power of clear,
accurate, discriminating systemization. He knew
how to appreciate and estimate the value and force of
obstacles, how to carry out by careful and prudent

steps, and in well arranged detail, a fine conception,
and organize it into a permanent force. His work was
done by quiet, effective, well-planned and thorough
methods. At a meeting of the board of directors in
July, 1867, a letter was received from Mr. Wade de-
clining, on account of failing health, a re-election to
the office of president. His withdrawal from tele-
graphic administration was received with general
regret, and the following resolutions were passed after
the election of the new board was announced :

"Resolved, That, to the foresight, perseverance and
tact of Mr. J. H. Wade, the former president of the
company, we believe is largely due the fact of the
existence of our great company to-day, with its tliou-
sand arms grasping the extremities of the continent,
instead of a series of weak, unreliable lines, unsuited
to public wants, and, as property, precarious and
insecure;

"■Resolved, That we tender to Mr. Wade our con-
gratulations on the fruition of his great work,
signalized and cemented by this day's election of a
board representing the now united leading tele-
graphic interests of the nation."

The telegraph had brought to Mr. Wade vast
wealth, but it had also brought him into a state of
health which imperiled its enjoyment. To dismiss
care he sold out his entire telegraphic interests, and in
travel and in the enjoyment of his home in Cleveland,
which he provided with every appliance of art and
taste and comfort, gave himself up to needed rest and
recuperation. On his restoration of health, which fol-
lowed a judicious respite from labor, he entered into
many spheres of active life. The wealth he has ac-
cumulated is mostly invested in such a manner as to
largely aid in building up the prosperity of Cleveland.
The large and pleasant tract of land in the seven-
teenth ward, adjoining Euclid avenue, known as
"Wade Park," was beautified at his own expense for
the enjoyment of the public.

At the organization of the Citizen's Savings and
Loan Association, of Cleveland, in 1867, he was
elected its president, and still retains that office. He
is the originator and president of the Lake View Cem-
etery Association. As a leading director in many of
the largest factories, banks, railroads and public in-
stitutions, his clear head and active judgment are
highly valued. He is a director of the Second Na-
tional Bank, of Cleveland; a director of the Cleveland
Rolling Mills, Cleveland Iron Company and Union
Steel Screw Company, and the president of the
American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company, and of
the Chicago and Atchison Bridge Company, of Kan-
sas. He is also a director in three railroad compa-
nies, and the president of the Kalamazoo, Allegan
and Grand Rapids, and Cincinnati, Wabash and
Michigan railroads. He is, besides, president of the
Valley railroad, running from Cleveland toward the
coal fields of Ohio. This will be a valuable acquisi-
tion to the interests of Cleveland, and under the
management of Mr. Wade will be promptly carried
forward.

393

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

The Valley railroad was projected previous to the
panic of 1873, which put a stop to it. As the times
began to improve, vigorous efforts were made to carry
it forward, which met with hut little success until
the summer of 1878.

The importance of this road was strongly advocated
by the newspapers, meetings of the citizens were held
and a general interest awakened. Under this impetus
the road was put under contract, and considerable
progress was made in the work, when it was checked
by a controversy between the contractors and the
company.

Before this a contract had been made by the city of
Cleveland with the Valley railroad for the transfer to
the company of that portion of the bed of the Ohio
canal sold to the city by the State, which would give
the railroad the most favorable entrance into the city
and access to shipping facilities on the lake.

The terms of this contract had not been complied
with, and its abrogation by the city was threatened.
At this Juncture the management of the Valley rail-
road succeeded in effecting a negotiation with capi-
talists for the amount necessary to complets and
equip the road, but the parties who agreed to lend
the money demanded as a condition that Mr. Wade
should become the president.

Mr. Wade took the matter into consideration, and
announced his willingness to assume the position if
the canal-bed negotiation could be satisfactorily ad-
justed without a lawsuit with the city, to which he
was utterly averse. The city council met the diffi-
culty by a resolution authorizing the mayor to make
and sign a new contract, on terms satisfactoiy to Mr.
Wade and the Valley railroad company.

The company was reorganized, with Mr. Wade at
its head, the difficulties with the contractors were
satisfactorily adjusted, work was renewed and the
road will be completed by the end of the present year
(1879).

In addition to his other manifold duties Mr. Wade
has been appointed by tlie citizens of Cleveland as
commissioner of the city sinking-fund, park com-
missioner and director of the Workhouse and House
of Refuge. For several years he was vice president
of the liomoeopathic hospital, to aid which he has
contributed freely. He is one of the trustees of the
Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, and is now
building for that purpose, at his own expense, a mag-
nificent fireproof building, sufficiently large to ac-
commodate from one hundred to one hundred and
fifty children. This building is located on 8t. Clair
street, and will be completed in a few months.

Mr. Wade has also conti-ibuted freely to many
other charitable carises and objects. He is now in the
zenith of his power, and is uuivei-sally beloved by the
people of the beautiful city which he has made his
home, and which he has done so much to enlarge and
adorn, and by the many recipients of his nnostenta-
tious charities.

SAMUEL WILLIAMSON.

The subject of this sketch was born in Crawford
county, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of March, 1808.
He is the eldest son of Samuel Williamson, who was
born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and re-
moved to Ci-awford county about the year 1800. Dur-
ing his residence in that county he was married to
Isabella McQueen, by whom he had a family of seven
children. On the tenth of May, 1810, he removed to
Cleveland, Ohio, where, in connection with his brother,
he carried on the business of tanning and currying,
which he continued until his death, which occurred in
September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and
public spirit, highly esteemed as a citizen, liberal in
politics, and for many years justice of the peace and
associate judge of the court of common pleas.

Samuel Williamson was but two years of age when
he came, with his parents, to Cleveland. When he
attained a suitable age he was sent to the public
schools, which he attended until 1836, and then en-
tered Jefferson College, in Washington county, Penn-
sylvania. He graduated from that institution in 1839,
and, returning to Cleveland, entered the office of Judge
Andrews, with whom he read law for two years. In
1833 he was admitted to the bar, and immediately
commenced the practice of his profession in connec-
tion with Leonard Case, with whom he was associated
until 1834, when he was elected to the position of au-
ditor of Cuyahoga county. He remained in that
office for a period of eight years, at the expiration of
which he returned to the practice of law. This he
continued with slight interruptions until 1873, when
he retired from its activities to the enjoyment of a
well-earned leisure. During these years his time was
not, however, wholly engrossed by his professional
interests. He was elected to a number of respon-
sible positions of public trust, and discharged the
duties pertaining to them with unvarying fidelity and
marked ability. In 1850 he was chosen to represent
the county in the legislature; in 1859-'60 he was a
member of the board of equalization, and in the fall
of 1863 was elected to the State senate, in which he
served two terms. He rendered valuable service as a
member of the city council and of the board of educa-
tion, being active in promoting public improvements
and educational institutions. He was a director of
the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, and for two
years held the office of prosecuting attorney. He is
now president of the Cleveland Society for Savings,
one of the largest and best conducted associations of
this kind in the West, having a deposit of over
$8,000,000.

Throughout his professional career he maintained a
high rank at the bar of Cuyahoga county, and while
he had a wide and varied experience in every branch
of legal practice he was particularly successful as pros-
ecutor's counsel, and was extensively employed in the
settlement of estates.

BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES.

393

In all the phases of his career and life he has been
thoroughly upright, and well deserves the high respect
and esteem in which he is held by all who know him.

HIRAM V. WILLSON.

This gentleman, an eminent lawyer and jurist, and
the first judge of the United States Court for the
Northern District of Ohio, was born in April, 1808,
in Madison county, New York. He was educated at
Hamilton College, graduating from that institution
in 1833. Immediately afterward he commenced the
study of law in the ofi&ce of Hon. Jared Willson, of
Canandaigua, New York. Subsequently his legal
studies were continued in Washington, D. C, in the
oflBce of Francis S. Key, and, for a time, he taught in
a classical school in the Shenandoah valley.

During his early studies he acquired the familiarity
with legal text books and reports which in afterlife
became of great service to him. Throughout his
collegiate course, and during his law apprenticeship,
he maintained a close intimacy with the Hon. Henry
B. Payne, then a young man of about his own age.

In 1833 he removed to Painesville, Ohio, but soon
proceeded to Cleveland, where he formed a law part-
nership with his friend, H. B. Payne. They com-
menced business under the most disadvantageous cir-
cumstances, being almost destitute of means in a
land of strangers. They, however, met with encour-
agement from some of the older members of the pro-
fession, and in a short time established their reputa-
tion as able and rising lawyers. After a few years
years Mr. Payne withdrew from the firm, and it be-
came successively Willson, Wade & Hitchcock and
Willson, Wade & Wade. By these partnerships even
the extensive business and high reputation of the old
firm were much increased.

In 1853 Mr. Willson was the Democratic candidate
for Congress against William Case on the Whig, and
Edward Wade on the Free Soil ticket. In this con-
test Mr Wade was successful, but Mr. Willson re-
ceived a heavy vote.

In the winter of 1854 he was selected by the
Cleveland bar to labor in behalf of a bill to divide
the State of Ohio, for Federal judicial purposes, into
two districts. After a sharp struggle the bill was suc-
cessful— mainly through his efforts- — ^and the United
States District Court for the Northern District of
Ohio was formed. In March, 1855, President Pierce
appointed Mr. Willson judge of the court just au-
thorized; an act which was received with general
satisfaction by the members of the bar.

Until the time of his appointment he had been a
strong political partisan, but in becoming a judge
he ceased to be a politician, and to the time of
his death never allowed political or personal motives
to affect his decisions. He proved himself an upright
judge, whose decisions were based entirely on the
facts of the case and its legal and constitutional
bearings. The new court did not lack for business.
60

In addition to the ordinary civil and criminal cases,
the location of the court on the lake border brought
it a large number of admiralty suits. Many of his
decisions in these cases were regarded as models of
lucid statement and furnished valuable precedents.

Among the most notewoi-thy of his decisions in
admiralty was one regarding maritime liens, in which
he held that the maritime lien of men for wages,
and of dealers for supplies, is a proprietary interest
in the vessel itself, and cannot be divested by the
acts of the owner or by any casualty until the claim
is paid, and that such lien inheres to the ship and all
her parts, wherever found, and whoever may be her
owner.

In the case of L. Wick vs. the schooner " Samuel
Strong," which came up in 1855, Judge Willson re-
viewed the history and intent of the common-carrier
act of Ohio, in an opinion of much interest.

In other cases he supported his decisions by citing
precedents of the English and American courts for
several centuries. A very important case was what
is known in the legal history of Cleveland as the
" Bridge Case" in which the questions to be decided
were the legislative authority of the city to bridge
the river, and whether the bridge would be anuisauce,
damaging the complainant's private property. Judge
Willson's decision, granting a preliminary injunction
until further evidence could be taken, was a thorough
review of the law relating to water highways and
their obstructions. In the case of Hoag vs. the pro-
peller " Cataract" the law of collision was clearly set
forth.

In 1860, important decisions were made in respect
to the extent of United States jurisdiction on the West-
ern lakes and rivers. It was decided, and the decision
was supported by voluminous precedents, that the
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction possessed by the
district courts of the Upited States, on the Western
lakes and rivers, under the constitution and the act of
1789, was independent of the act of 184:5, and unaf-
fected thereby; and also that the district courts of the
United States having, under the Constitution and
the acts of Congress, exclusive original cognizance of
all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdic-
tion, the courts of common law are precluded from
proceeding in rem to enforce such maritime claims.

In a criminal case the question was whether the
action of a grand jury was legal m returning a bill of
indictment found by only fourteen members of the
jury, the fifteenth member being absent and taking
no part in the proceedings. After reviewing the
matter at length and citing numerous precedents,
Judge Willson pronounced the action legal.

In 1858 the historical Oberlin-Wellington rescue
case came before him, a case growing out of a viola-
tion of the fugitive slave law by certain professors
and leading men of Oberlin College and town, who
had rescued a slave captured in Ohio and being
taken back to Kentucky under the provisions of that
law. Indictments were found against the leading res-

394

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

cuers, and their trial caused great excitement. They
were conyicted, fined and imprisoned. The result
caused a monster demonstration against the fugitive
slave law, which was held in the public square, mid-
way between the court-house and the jail.

In this trying time Judge Willson remained calm
and dispassionate, his charges merely pointing out
the provisions of the law, and the necessity of obeying
it, no matter how irksome such obedience, until it
was repealed.

During the excitement caused by the John Brown
raid, and afterward on the breaking out of the rebel-
lion, he defined the law in regard to conspiracy and
treason, drawing with nice distinction the line be-
tv/een a meeting for the expression of opinions hostile
to the government, and a gathering for violently op-
posing or overthrowing the government.

At the January term in 1864 he delivered an ad-
mirable charge, in which he discussed the questions
arising from the then recent act of Congress, author-
izing a draft under the direction of the President,
without the intervention of the State authorities, and
eonclusively established the constitutional validity of
the act in question.

The judicial administration of Judge Willson was
noticeable for its connection with events of national
importance, and our limited space will allow us to
quote but few of the important cases which came be-
fore his court. And here it should again be repeated
that in all his conduct on the bench he was entirely
free from personal or party predelictions. In 1866
his health began to fail and symptoms of consump-
tion appeared. He yielded at last to the persuasions
of his friends to seek the restoration of his health in
a milder climate, and, upon the approach of the win-
ter, visited New Orleans and the- West Indies. The
weather proved unusually severe for those latitudes and
he returned without benefit from the trip. He grad-
ually sank under the attacks of the fell disease, and
died on the evening of the 11th of November, 1866.
A few hours before his death he suffered much, but
he became easier and passed away without a struggle.
Some months before he had been received as a mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church, of which he had
long been a member and an active supporter.

On the announcement of his death the members of
the Cleveland bar immediately assembled, and all vied
with each other in rendering testimony to the integ-
rity, ability and moral worth of the deceased. The
bar meeting unanimously adopted resolutions of re-
spect, in which he was truthfully described as "a.
learned, upright and fearless judge, ever doing right
and equity- among the suitors of his court, fearing
only the errors and mistakes to which fallible human
judgment is liable." Not a word of censure was
breathed against any one of his acts, and tributes of
heartfelt commendation of his life, and sorrow for
his loss were laid on his grave by men of all parties
and shades of opinion. He was married, in 1835, to
the widow of Mr. Ten Eyck, of Detroit, Michigan,

who survived him. He also left a daughter, Mrs.
Chamberlain.

KUFUS KING WINSLOW.

Richard Winslow was a direct descendant from
Kenelm Winslow, brother of Governor Edward
Winslow, of Plymouth Colony, and one of the May-
flower Pilgrims. He was born in Falmouth, Maine,
on the 6th of September, 1769. He left that State
in 1813, and removed to North Carolina, where he
established himself at Ocracoke, He became largely
interested in the commerce of that place, both by sea
and by land.

In May, 1831, he arrived with his family in Cleve-
land, determined on investigating the chances which
were then attracting considerable attention. He in-
vested his capital in mercantile and shipping interests,
and in addition became agent for a line of vesels
between Buffalo and Cleveland, and also of a line
of boats on the Ohio canal. His first venture as a
ship-owner was the brig " North Carolina," built for
him in Black Eiver. He afterwards became interested
in the steamer "Bunker Hill," of four hundred and
fifty-six tons, which at that time was considered a
very large size. These were the forerunners of a
long line of sail and steam vessels, built for or pur-
chased by him, alone or in connection with his eons,
who became partners with him in the business. The
Winslows became widely and favorably known and
ranked among the foremost ship-owners on the wes-
tern lakes. In 1854 Mr. Winslow retired, leaving
his interest to be carried on by his sons, who inherited
his business tastes and abilities.

For twenty-five years he had been in active busi-
ness on the lakes, but he was destined to enjoy his
retirement only for the short space of three years.
In 1857 he met with an accident which seriously
afEected a leg he had injured years before, and re-
sulted in his death, he being in the eighty-eighth
year of his age.

Throughout his long and active life he enjoyed the
respect of all with whom he was brought in contact,
whether in business or social relations. He was a
gentleman in the highest sense of the word, warm
and impulsive in his nature, courteous to every one
and strongly attached to those he found worthy of his
friendship. In business he was quick to perceive and
prompt to act, but was free from the least suspicion
of meanness or duplicity.

As a citizen he took a deep interest in public affairs,
but was not a politician and neither sought nor de-
sired public office of any kind. He was married to
Miss Mary Nash Grandy, of Camden, North Carolina.
By this union he had eleven children, of whom N.
C, H. J., E. K. and Edward survived him. Mrs.
Winslow died in October, 1858, having outlived her
husband a little over one year.

His son, Rufus King Winslow, was born in Ocracoke,
North Carolina. He came with the family to Cleve-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

395

land in 1831, and was educated at the old Cleveland
academy. When he reached his majority he became
associated with his brothers, N. C. and H. J. Winslow,
in the shipping business, their father being, as already
stated, a large owner of vessels on the lakes. The
family had, indeed, from their first arrival iu Cleve-
land, been among the foremost, if not at the head of all,
in the ownership of vessels; they having a large fleet
of ships always on the lakes. In 1854, when the father
retired from active business, the management of the
family's interests devolved upon Eufus K. and his
brothers. Upon the death of their father in 1857,
the business was left wholly to them.

It has since that time been successfully carried on,
he remaining in Cleveland, whilst one brother settled
in Buffalo and the_ other iij Chicago. In 1859 and
1860 they dispatched some vessels to the Black Sea,
but most of their operations have been confined to
the lakes, on which they are still extensively engaged.

Mr. Winslow is also a lai'ge real estate ownei", and
although an cnterpi-ising and public-spirited citizen,
has avoided political life, having invariably declined
to accept positions of public trust. During the re-
bellion he was an active and liberal supporter of the
Union. He is deeply interested in scientific pursuits,
and for many years has been a devoted student of
ornithology. In 1873 he was elected president of the
Kiitland Academy of Natural Sciences, of which he
had for a number of years been an active merabei'.
He is well known as a skillful connoisseur in paint-
ings, and a liberal patron of art in all its branches.

H« has never sought notorieiy of any description,
and is seldom seen at public gatherings. When oc-
casion demanded it, however, he has always been
found ready to take an active part in works of benev-
olence or public enterprise. He is a member of the
Western Reserve Historical Society, and has ever been
an earnest supporter of educational interests. His
sound judgment and correct taste have frequently
rendered good service in devising and carrying out
plans for charitable or other purposes. He was mar-
ried in 1851 to Miss Lucy B. Clark, daughter of Dr.
W. A. Clark, of Cleveland.

REUBEN WOOD.

This early lawyer and statesman of Cleveland was
born in the year 179?, in the county of Rutland, and
State of Vermont. Brought up on a farm, he acquired
sufficient education to teach school during the winter
mouths, and made this the stepping stone to higher
acquirements. Finding special facilities in Canada
he went over the line to prosecute his studies, but was
compelled to return by the breaking out of the war of
1812. Having already begun the study of the law, he
completed it with Gen. Clark, a prominent lawyer of
Middletown, Vermont, and obtained admission to the
bar.

In the year 1818 he was married, and immediately
afterward removed to Cleveland, then a small but

promising village, closely surrounded by woods. His
only rival there in the legal profession was Alfred
Kelley, except Leonard Case, who paid little attention
to law except in connection with land. Mr. Wood
being a wide-awake, energetic man, well suited to the
western country, soon obtained a good practice, in
which he was actively engaged for twelve years. His
characteristics as a lawyer haVe been mentioned in the
chapter devoted to the early bar of Cleveland.

His practice was somewhat interrupted by his elec-
tion to the State senate in 1825, a position to which
he was twice re-elected.

In 1830 Ml". Wood was elected by the legislature
president judge of the third judicial circuit. He was,
as described by an old lawyer, especially good as a nisi
prills judge — that is, in presiding over the trial of
suits — his quick, active mind enabling him to catch
easily the main points of a case, to understand readily
the bearing of evidence, and to appreciate off-hand
the points of a lawyer's argument. In 1833 he was
elected a judge of the supreme court of the State, and
at the end of his term, he was re-elected. Eor the
last three years of his second term he was the chief
justice of the court.

Judge Wood was elected governor of Ohio in 1850
by the Democratic party, by a majority of over eleven
thousand. His official term was brought to a close
within a year by the adoption of the new constitution,
but in the autumn of 1851 he was a candidate for elec-
tion under that instrument, and was chosen by a ma-
jority of about twenty-six thousand. During both
terms he served to the satisfaction of the people, and
obtained a wide reputation for ability. When it was
found impracticable, at the Democratic National con-
vention of 1852, to nominate one of the leading can-
didates for the Presidency, Gov. Wood was strongly
talked of as a compromise candidate. The position,
however, was finally assigned to Franklin Pierce, of
New Hampshire.

After the expiration of Gov. Wood's gubernatorial
career he was appointed, in 1853, by President Pierce,
as consul at Valparaiso, in the republic of Chili.
While there he acted for a short time as minister to
Chili. On his return he retired to a farm in the town-
ship of Eockport, where he resided until his death,
which occurred on the 2d day of October, 1864, he
being then seventy-two years old.

The characteristics of Mr. Wood's mind were quick-
ness, promptness, acuteness and thorough knowledge
of human nature; all qualities especially calculated to
promote his success in a new, wide-awake, go-ahead
country.

TIMOTHY DOANE CROCKER.

Timothy Doane Crocker,, a lawyer and capitalist of
Cleveland, is descended on the paternal side through
J. Davis Crocker, formerly of Lee, Massachusetts, in
a direct line from the Crockers who settled at Cape
Cod, shortly after the landing of the Pilgrim fathers

396

THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.

upon Plymouth Rock. His mother is a daughter of
Judge Timothy Doane, a native of Haddam, Connec-
ticut. The old Doane mansion is still standing, the
ancient frescoes of which represent scenes familiar to
the patriots of the Eevolutionary days. One of Mr.
Crocker's name — a historical character — was a captain
in the British navy before the Revolution, and vfas at
one time governor of Long Island, under British rule.
Mr. Crocker's paternal grandfather was a prominent
citizen of Lee, where he owned an extensive landed
property. Being urged by his pastor. Dr. Hyde, and
others, to head a colony of immigrants to Ohio, he
consented to do so. Before leaving for the new settle-
ment the colony organized a church, and he was
chosen one of the officers.

He traveled to Ohio in 1811 in his own private car-
riage, which was said to be the first pleasure carriage
driven through to the Reserve. He purchased large
tracts of land in Euclid and Dover townships, the
village of CoUinwood being now situated on a portion
of the former tract, which was extensive and valuable,
reaching to the lake, and as far west as the Coit farm.
Although quite young at the time of the Revolution,
this gentleman was in the military service before its
close, and was on General Washington's staff. After
the passage of the act giving pensions to those who
survived the war, he was urged by his friends to ap-
ply for one. His reply was: " I would never be guilty
of receiving rewai'd for services rendered my country
in time of peril and need." He was a gentleman of
sterling qualities of head and heart, unblemished in-
tegrity, well informed, and one whose advice was
sought from far and near. In this connection it is
worthy of note that no representative of that branch
of the family was ever known to be a drunkard, al-
though in early times a sideboard was esteemed a
household necessity.

The father of the subject of this sketch, who was
quite young when the family came to Ohio, possessed
then, to a large degree, Ms father's superior quali-
ties. He had four children — Sarah, who married
Rev. E. Adams, an Episcopal clergyman, (of the-
family of John Adams, of Massachusetts); Mary, who
married Judge P. H. Smythe of Burlington, Iowa (a
descendant of the Patrick Henry family of Virginia);
Timothy Doane; and Davis J., a lawyer, of Chicago.
The heads of the family of Mr. T. D. Crocker's
mother, on the paternal side, were, for at least three
generations, sea captains, owning the vessels they
commanded, and trading to the Indies. John Doane,
the founder of the family in this country, crossed the
Atlantic in one of the first three vessels that sailed to
Plymouth. He was prominent in the affairs of the
colony, and in 1633 was chosen assistant to Governor
Winslow. Subsequently he was one of the commis-
sioners chosen to revise the laws; in 1643 he was
again chosen to be Governor Winslow's assistant, and
for several years he was selected as a deputy in the
colony court.

Judge Timothy Doane moved from Connecticut to

Herkimer county. New York, about 1794. In 1801
he migrated to Euclid, now East Cleveland, in this
county. With his family he made the journey from
Buffalo to Cleveland in an open boat rowed by In-
dians, landing where night overtook them, only to
resume their travels the following day. Near Grand
river they saw a storm approaching and attempted to
land, but their boat was swamped. All were saved,
however, and Mr. Doane and his family continued
their journey to Cleveland on horseback along the
Indian trail. At this period the mother of the sub-
ject of our sketch was five years old, and at the
present time (September, 1879,) is still living, in the
' full possession of her faculties, and thoroughly
familiar with the growth and development of the
country, especially in northern Ohio. During the
war of 1812, and, later, during the rebellion of 1861-65,
she was very active in giving aid and comfort to the
sick and wounded soldiers, and good cheer to those
in health. She is a woman of liberal and intelligent
views, accomplished, and beloved by all who know
her.

At the period of Judge Doane's advent, there were
but three log houses where now stands the beautiful
city of Cleveland. West of the Cuyahoga was Indian
territory, and Judge Doane found the Indians to be
peaceable and good neighbors. They were always re-
ceived at his house as friends, and on many a night,
Indian-like, they would wrap themselves in their
blankets and sleep around the Judge's cheerful fire.
In appreciation of his kindness they would frequently
present him with some of the best venison or fish
which their skill could procure.

During the first year of his administration the first
governor of Ohio appointed Judge Doane to be a jus-
tice of the peace. The original commission is now in
possession of Timothy Doane Crocker, and reads as
follows:

Edwaed Tiffin, Governor, in the name and by the

authority of the State of Ohio:
To alltvho shall see these presents, Greeting:

Know ye, that we have assigned and constituted,
and do by these presents constitute and appoint, Tim-
othy Doane, Justice of the Peace for Cleveland Town-
ship, in the county of Trumbull, agreeably to the
laws, statutes and ordinances in such case made and
provided, with all the privileges, emoluments, etc.,
for three years from the date hereof, and until a suc-
cessor shall be chosen and qualified.
In witness whereof, the said Edward Tiffin, Governor
of the State of Ohio, hath caused the seal of the
said State to be hereunto affixed, at Chillicothe, the
14th day of July, in the year of our Lord, 1803,
and of the independence of the State of Ohio, the
first. By the Governor, Edwaed Tiffin.

Wm. Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State.

[L.s.l iPrivate seal. The State seal being not yet procured.)

Subsequently Judge Doane served as associate judge
for many years.

At an early age, Timothy Doane Crocker exhibited
those traits of character — energy, integrity and per-
severance— which proved the beacon lights in his after

r^^^^^^^^-^:^

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.

397

career. In his youth he worked on his father's farm
during the springs, summers and autumns, and in the
winters attended a district school. He early showed
especial facility in mathematics, and when only thir-
teen was a thorough arithmetician, being able to solve
mentally many of the most difficult arithmetical prob-
lems. Erora the district school he went to Twinsburg
academy, where his expenses were defrayed by the
manual labor he performed, and where, by habits of
industry, he undoubtedly laid the foundation of his
successful life. Subsequently he attended Shaw acad-
emy and afterward entered Western Eeserve College,
where he paid the most of his expenses by his own
labor. He was graduated in June, 1843, taking high
rank both in scholarship and deportment — no unfa-
vorable "mark" having been i-ecorded against him.

In the fall of 1843, in which year his father died,
he became principal of a select school near Bowling
Green, Kentucky, prosecuting assiduously, at the
same time, his classical and other studies. During
his two years and a half stay at Bowling Green,
he developed a high order of talent as an educator
and disciplinarian. On his return to Cleveland in
1846, he read law in the office of Allen & Stetson for
a few months, and then entered the law school of
Harvard University, from which he was graduated in
1848; having previously — in 1847 — been admitted to
practice at the Middlesex (Massachusetts,) bar, after
a severe examination in open court by Chief Justice
Wilds.

He returned to Cleveland the same year, and in
November again left home — this time for Burlington,
Iowa — spending the winter in the office of Grimes &
Starr. In March, 1849, he opened an office, and
was engaged in active practice until 1864. He dis-
tinguished himself as counsel in many important
cases, in which some of the best legal talent in the
State was opposed to him. His practice rapidly in-
creased until it became worth ten thousand dollars a
year; an exceedingly large one in a city of the size of
Burlington, and one of the largest in the State of
Iowa. He invested his professional gains in land, be-
coming a large landholder in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois,
Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and this real estate
has now increased very greatly in value. Mr. Crocker
was also attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and
Quincy railroad company from the time that it broke
ground on the east side of the Mississippi. He be-
came interested in other railroads as well as in plank-
roads in that section, and was a stockholder and
director in the Burlington Bank.

The health of his wife demanding a change of resi-
dence, he removed his family to Cleveland in 1860.
Since closing his legal business (about 1864) the care
of his estate has required all the attention he could
give to business matters. He has, however, been
prominent in the support of benevolent institutions,
and in the promotion of religious education. He
was president for several years of the Sabbath School
Union, and superintendent for ten years of the Mis-

sion Sabbath School of the Eirst Presbyterian Church,
of Cleveland, of which latter body he was a member.
The school had but eighty pupils when he took charge
of it, while at the time of his resignation there were one
thousand enrolled, seven hundred of whom were reg-
ular attendants.

He is one of the trustees of the Western Eeserve
College, at Hudson, (in aid of wliich he has given ten
thousand dollars), and of Mount Union College, of
Alliance, Ohio, in which latter institution he is also
the lecturer on political economy and commercial and
international law.

Mr. Crocker has ever eschewed politics so far as
seeking political preferment is concerned. In Iowa
he was often solicited to be a candidate for judge of
the district court, but declined tlie honor. During
the war for the Union he devoted much time and
money to the national cause, and rendered valuable
service to the Christian Commission on the Potomac.

His success in life has been due not only to great
industry and energy but to a peculiar and intuitive
faculty of seizing the right opportunity at the right
moment, together with the foresight to determine
accurately the probable results of an undertaking.

Mr. Crocker is one of the few representative men
of Cleveland who are natives of Cuyahoga county.
He was married in September, 1853, to Eliza P., only
daughter of the late Wm. A. Otis, Esq., of Cleveland
and has had five children; three sons and two daugh-
ters.

RUFUS P. RANJSIEY.

The subject of this sketch has been a resident of
the city of Cleveland for tlie last twenty-one years.
He was born in Hampden county, Massachusetts,
October 30, 1813. His father, who was a farmer of
moderate means in that rugged region, having ex-
changed his land for a larger tract in the West, re-
moved witli a large family in the fall of 1834 to what
was afterwards known as Freedom, in the county
of Portage, in this State, and erected a log hut near
the center of a nearly unbroken forest of about seven
miles square, without roads, schools or churches, and
still filled with wild beasts, inohiding the bear and
wolf, in such numbers as to make the rearing of
domestic animals next to impossible. It is needless
to say that such a state of things must be attended
with many privations, and, for those who had noth-
ing but wild land, the provision of food and clothing
became a consideration of the first necessity.

To secure these, the land must be cleared of the
heavy timber upon it, and to this very hard labor, for
a growing boy, Eufus P. devoted himself for the next
six years, with only one winter's schooling in a
neighboring tc^ivn during the period. This course of
life then began to tell on his health, and an irresisti-
ble desire to acquire some education ensued, which
his parents warmly seconded by their wishes, although

398

THE CITY OP CLEVELAND.

they were ignorant of the way to accomplish it, and
without the means to furnish any considerable aid.

But tiic departure was to be made, and, having no
reliance but upon his ax, he chopped cord-wood for
a merchant to pay for a Latin dictionary, a Virgil and
a razor — this being an implement his age began to de-
mand, while the others, he was told, were necessary to
commence a literary career. Thus prepared, he com-
menced study with Dr. Bassett, of Nelson, who
taught an academy part of the year and gave private
instruction the residue. After staying a considera-
ble time with him and contracting a very strong
attachment for him, he pursued his studies at the
Western Reserve College, supporting himself during
this period by frequent intervals of manual lalior,
and by teaching two terms, the first in a district in
Hiram, where Mormonism first broke out in the
West, and the last in the academy building in Nelson
formerly occupied by Dr. Bassett. At the end of
this term, in the spring of 1834, when he was pre-
paring to return to Hudson, a mere accident, with-
out previous thought or calculation, ended his plan
of completing a classical education, determined his
profession and settled the course of his whole life.

Accidentally meeting an old college friend who was
designed for the bar, and who had been a year with
Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade (who
have since acquired such marked distinction) his
friend advised him to give up the college, and go back
with him to Ashtabula county and read law. He re-
ceived the proposal with the utmost astonishment,
knowing absolutely nothing of courts, law or lawyers;
but having a vague idea that a college graduation was
indispensable to such an undertaking. His friend
knew how to correct this impression, and so effectu-
ally to remove other objections that a single night's
reflection decided him to go to what then seemed a
distant point, whore he had never been, and where he
knew no one, having until the day before never heard
even the names of the lawyers whose office he proposed
to enter. His reception and treatment were, however,
such as to make the two and a half years ensuing the
most enjoyable and profitable of his life, and resulted
in the formation of personal friendships between him
and liis instructors and fellow students which no sub-
sequent events ever impaired.

The study, of -jurjsprndence as a science was so ex-
actly suited to his tastes that a constant incentive
existed to master its fundamental principles, which
he accomplished so thoroughly as to account for
the ease and readiness with which he has ever used
them.

In the fall of 1836 he was admitted to the bar of
the supreme court, and soon after located at Warren,
in the then large county of Trumbull, where he com-
menced practice alone. But in the course of the en-
suing winter, the firm of Giddings & Wade being
dissolved and Mr. Giddings elected to Congress, at
the earnest request of his old preceptor, Mr. Wade,
he returned to Jefferson and formed with him the

partnership of Wade & Eanney, which lasted for ten
years, and until Mr. Wade was elected a judge of the
court of common pleas.

During this period he married a daughter of Judge
Jonathan Warner, and in 1845 he took up his resi-
dence again in Warren. The firm of Wade & Ranney
was rather noted for the extent of its business than for
the gains from it, and at its conclusion, such was the
confidence of the partners in each other, its affairs
were settled by simply passing mutual receipts. In
addition to the heavy labor which their practice im-
posed, neither of the partners neglected the interests
of the political party to which they respectively be-
longed. The junior, from his majority, was an ar-
dent Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson scliool,
and without a thought for his pei-sonal interests or
pi'ospeets he cast his lot with the small minority
then comprising the party in this part of the State,
and at once became one of the leading advocates of
its doctrines. Without any hope ©f local preferment,
it was nevertheless a settled principle with the leaders
that in aid of the general State ticket the best local
nominations should be made, and that those who
urged others to stand by the cause should, without a
murmur, take such positions as their associates as-
signed them.

In accordance with this idea, Mr. Ranney was first
nominated for the State senate, but was obliged to
decline because he was not of an age to be constitu-
tionally eligible. He was three times a candidate for
Congress; once in 1843 in the Ashtabula district, then
including this county and Geauga; and in 1846 and
1848 in the Trumbull district, which embraced also
the counties of Portage and Summit. But his exer-
tions were not limited to law and politics. Conscious
of the deficiency of his general education, he resolved
to supply it so far as possible by individual exertion.
While he was yet a student, availing himself of the
aid of a French scholar and his books, he had com-
menced the study of that language, and from that
day to this has constantly read a French newspaper,
and the solid literary and scientific productions of
French authors, including the Code Napoleon and
the commentaries upon it, in the language in which
they were composed.

After the dissolution of the firm of Wade & Eanney
he continued the practice alone until 1850, and in the
spring of that year, in connection with the late Judge
Peter Hitchcock and Jacob Perkins, he was elected,
by a large majority, a member from the counties of
Trumbull and Geauga of the convention called to
revise the constitution of the State. In that conven-
tion, comprising, as is well known, a very able body
of men, he served upon the judiciary committee, and
was chairman of the committee on revision, to which
the phraseology and arrangement of the whole instru-
ment was committed. He took a very active part in
the debates upon most of the important questions
considered, and may be said to have done as much as
any one to impress upon the instrument those popu-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

399

lar features which have ever since made it acceptable
to the people of the State.

Immediately after the adjournment of the conven-
tion, in the spring of 1851, when he had just returned
to his neglected practice, and without any previous
knowledge on his part that a vacancy existed, he
learned of his election, by the legislature then in ses-
sion, as a judge of the supreme court of the State, at
the same joint session at which his old preceptor and
partner was first elected to the United States Senate.

The new constitution being afterwards adopted by
the people, he was elected to the same position, in the
fall of the same year, by a majority of over forty
thousand votes, and continued to discharge its duties,
both in the district and supreme courts, until shoi-tly
before the expiration of his term, in the winter of
1856, when he resigned. He soon after associated
himself with F. T. Backus and C. W. Noble in the
practice of law in Cleveland, and about the same time
was appointed, by the President, United States attor-
ney for this district; but as the appointment, which had
been wholly unsolicited, proved to be too much in the
way of his more important civil business and not
suited to his tastes, he resigned it a few months after-
ward.

Nothing further occurred to interfere with the
large and increasing business of his firm until 1859,
when the State convention of his party unanimously
and very unexpectedly placed him in nomination
for governor. The canvass was a very spirited one,
and was attended with the unusual feature of a joint
discussion between him and his competitor at many
of the important points in the State; but the Re-
publican party retained its ascendancy, and he- was
defeated.

On the breaking out of the civil war, which he
did everything in his power to avert, he became sat-
isfied that arms must settle the conflict, and that the
preservation of the Union depended upon making it
as short and decisive as possible; and to this end, in
the spring of 1863, he readily accepted the invitation of
Governor Tod, and, in connection with Hon. Thomas
Ewing and Samuel Galloway, addressed the people at
several points in the middle and southern portions of
the State, to encourage enlistments.

In the same year he and his partner, Mr. Backus,
were nominated as opposing candidates for the supreme
bench. Not desiring the place, and having a very
high opinion of the qualifications of Mr. Backus
for it, he declined the nomination, but his party
not acquiescing his name was kept upon the ticket,
and in the fall he found himself again elected to
tlie position. He took his seat and remained two
years, when, convinced that duty to his family re-
quired it, he very reluctantly resigned, resolved to
devote himself exclusively to his profession, to which
resolution he has steadily adhered; holding no pub-
lic position in the time, except that of president of
the State board of Centennial managers, for the Phil-
adelphia exposition. The result has been that, in
addition to his large practice in the courts of his own
State, his engagements in important cases have ex-
tended into several other States, and into all the
courts. State and Federal, where such cases are dis-
posed of ; and, while he is very far from having
amassed a fortune, he has so far succeeded, without
ever embarking in any speculation, and from the
avails of his labor alone, as to have acquired a compe-
tency, which with his disregard of all show, and his
economical habits, places him in a position of com-
plete independence.

Of one so well known as he is, but little need be
added. That he has discharged the duties of every
position in which he has been placed with distin-
guished ability and strict integrity, no one that has
ever known him well will deny. As an advocate and
jurist he has had very few if any superiors among his
contemporaries, while his recorded judicial opinions
upon many great questions that arose during his ser-
vice upon the bench are conceded to be models of
clearness, learning and force, and especially distin-
guished for the broad and comprehensive principles
upon which his reasoning is generally founded. In
the very best sense of jthe words, he is a speci-
men of a self-made man; and his history furnishes
additional evidence that integrity of purpose, when
coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will
overcome all the difficulties which may beset the path
of the young American, and enable him to fully fit
himself for honorable and useful positions in society.

■^V'^.vi,-^/

History of Cuyahoga County,

PART THIRD:
THE TOWNSHIPS,

The Townships of Cuyahoga County, '

OHAPTEE LXIX.

BEDFORD.

Location— Surface — Soil — Tinlcer's Oreek— Picturesque Scenery — The
Pioneers— The First Settlers— Eapid House-building— Parker's Tav-
ern—A Mighty Hunter— The First Child— First Settler in the North-
west—Getting Plenty of Food— First Permanent Kesident at the
Center- Other Settlers before 1823— Householders in 1830— Civil Gov-
ernipent — First Officers— List of Officers— Cemetery — Town Hall — The
Vintage- Location and Appearance — The Beginning— The Laying Out
—The Incorporation— Officers since 1860— Post Office— Stores— Hotels
-Physicians — Bedford Intellingencer— Early Mills— Woolen Factory-
Pail Factory— Tannery— Foundry— The Rolling Mill — Machine Shop-
Chair Factories— Schools — Union School — Church of Christ— First
Baptist Church — Methodist Church — Episcopal Church — Masonic
Lodge.

This township lies on the Summit county line,
east of Independence and south of Warrensville.
On the east it is bounded by the township of Solon.
It is known in the survey as township number six in
range eleven. When it was organized for civil pur-
poses, in 1833, it received its present name at the
suggestion of Daniel Benedict, in compliment to the
place of his nativity — Bedford, Connecticut.

Along the streams the surface of the township is
somewhat broken, but in other parts it is generally
level. Being also quite elevated, Bedford is a very
healthy township. Heavy forests originally covered
the ground, but these have been generally removed,
although the appearance of the country is yet pleas-
antly diversified by bodies of timber which have been
allowed to remain in their primitive beauty. The
soil is variable, but is usually a light loam. It is
generally free from stones, and may be cultivated
with ease. It is fertile, and yields the ordinary pro-
ducts of this part of the State, but dairying has, to a
large extent, become the chief industrial pursuit of
.the inhabitants.

^Tinker's Creek is the principal stream.* It flows'
from Solon in a westerly course, south of the center
of Bedford, to the Cuyahoga, into which it empties
in the township of Independence. Its channel is very
deep and rugged, forming in places chasms several
hundred feet deep, which have almost perpendicular
banks of shale or sand rock, and present a grand and
picturesque appearance. Along a part of its course
through the township, the scenery for varied and at-
tractive beauty is seldom surpassed. The volume of

* For the origin of this name, see page 43.

the stream is not so great as formerly, but it yet af-
fords good water power, which has been well utilized.
The other streams of the township are small brooks,
which flow into this creek from the north.

PIONEER SETTLERS.

About 1810 the township was surveyed into one
hundred lots, numbered from the northwest, but no
speedy attempt at settlement followed. In 1813
Elijah Nobles settled on Tinker's ereek near the line'
of Independence, and was probably the first pioneer
of Bedford. He was a man of loose business habits,
and soon found himself reduced to extreme poverty
with a very heavy incumbrance on his land. As it did
not seem possible for him to retain his home there,
one of the Hudsons, of Hudson, who was related
to him, offered him a part of lot forty-six (at the
center), if he would make certain improvements on it.
With this purpose he moved to what is now the vil-
lage of Bedford, in JSTovember, 1815, and was the first
man who lived there. His neighbors in Independence
turned out to the number of eighteen, and in a single
day built him a cabin from the trees growing on the
spot, leaving the family there at night nearly three
miles from any other occupied house. Nobles re-
mained all winter at the center, but the following
spring he returned to his old place on the creek, and
not long after removed to another part of the State.
A part of his property on Tinker's creek passed into
the hands of Adams & Starr, who built there the
first mills in the township, and another part became
the home of Oardee Parker who opened the first
tavern, (although Nobles may have entertained oc-
casional travelers.) Parker's tavern became quite
famous in its way, and after his death, was continued
by his widow, who was widely known as Mother
Parker. After the canal was built she removed to
Independence, and opened a public house there.

Several months after the settlement of Nobles at
the center, Benjamin Fitch, who came to Independ-
ence in 1813, squatted on a piece of land in that lo-
cality, but after Nobles had left he, too, became dis-
couraged and moved back to the creek. He sold his
" betterments" to Wetherby Nye, but the land ulti-
mately became the property of Joseph Good ale, who
purchased it of the proprietors. In the course of

(403)

404

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the year Fitch returned to the center and built a
new cabin on the eastern part of the site of the vil-
lage, where he lived a number of years, but finally
made a permanent settlement on lot fifteen. He was
probably the greatest hunter that ever lived in the
township, being so uniformly successful that some of
his less forcunate neighbors used to " change works "
with him — they clearing his land for him while he
provided them with game. He was also well known
as a maker of sjilint-bottom chairs, and some of these
useful articles made by him, over sixty years ago, are
yet in existence in the township. In the latter part
of his life he moved to Indiana, where he died. He
had three sons, named Joseph, George C, and
Andrew G. The latter was born at the center in
4818, being the first child born in that locality. His
two daughters yet live in Bedford, Harriet being the
wife of W. 0. Taylor.

Benoni Brown settled in the southwestern part of
the township about 1815, but removed in the course
of ten years. At the old mill, in the Tinker's creek
settlement, Timothy Washburne lived at a very early
day, but did not remain long. He was the first
blacksmith in Bedford. In this locality also Stephen
Comstock settled in 1814, and a daughter, Sarah,
born soon after, was the first child born in the town-
ship. The family also comprised two otJier daugh-
ters, and two sons named Charles and Stephen.
Stephen Comstock, Sr., was probably the first settler
of Bedford who retained a permanent residence. A
little later James Orr made some improvements in
the same locality, but also removed before 1830.
About 1818 Moses Gleeson likewise settled there.
He was an enterprising citizen, and reared seven sons,
named Edwin, Blias, Charles, William, Moses, Sar-
dis and Lafayette, and three daughters.

In April, 1819, Samuel Barnes, of Vermont, came
from Newburg, where he had settled in 1817, and
located in the northwest part of Bedford, but after-
wards settled at the village. He died in ISlovember,
1873, but Mrs. Barnes is yet living, and is the earliest
surviving settler of the township. They reared a son,
Orville, and two daughters. One of them, Cordelia,
was born in June 1819, hers being one of the first
births in the township.

The following year and the year after, Moses Bar-
num, Abijah S. Barnum and Prentice B. Eoss set-
tled on the Newburg road, but at least two of them
moved away at an early date. In 1820 Jason Shep-
ard located on lot two, where he lived until after
1830, when he removed to Newburg. It is related of
him that while he was out hunting he shot a black
bear which was helping himself to the wild honey
from a "bee tree," which also became the prize of
the hunter; and, returning home, shot a deer and
some wild turkeys near his house, which was certain-
ly obtaining a pretty good supply of food for one day.
He had a son, Elias, who is yet a citizen of Newburg.
John Dunham settled in the northwestern part of
the township about 1821, and died there in 1850

leaving seven sons, named Ambrose, Chester, Alonzo,
John, Asa, Jehiel and Lorenzo. Of these, Asa, who
resides on Dunham street, is the only one living in
the township. Wetherby Nye became a resident of
Bedford about the same time, and after living in va-
rious places finally located in the western pai't of the
township, where he died in 1877. Nathaniel K. Joy
lived in the same neighborhood as early as 1822, but
soon moved away. On lot four Solomon White was
an early settler, locating on the present Libbey farm.
Samuel Morton lived in the same neighborhood in

1832, but after a few years moved to Canada.

In 1832 Stephen Robinson located on the present
Comstock place, on lot twelve, where he died in 1833.
He had eight sons, named Daniel, Nathan, Isaac,
Ebenezer, Ezra, Nathaniel, John and Newman. The
latter is the only one remaining in the township;
John lives in West Cleveland; and Ezra in Brooklyn.
John White was a neighbor of the Robinsons before

1833, and died in that locality. He reared two sons,
named William G. and Charles.

Daniel Benedict settled at the village of Bedford in
1831, and was the first permanent resident there.
His family consisted of eight sous: Darius, Ralph,
.Julius, Sillock, Judson, James, Rodolphus, Phinam-
ber and Allison. Phiuamber is the only one living in
the county, he being yet a resident of the village. A
little later Moses Higby settled in the southwestern
part of the township, where he remained until his
death.

Others living in the township before 1833 were
Jared Barnes, Barzilla Burk, William Duushee, La-
ban Ingersoll, John Johnson, John Marvin and Peter
Comstock. Within a few years came Philo Barnes,
Justus Remington, George M. Payne, Luther and Ziba
Willis, Daniel Gould, Hiram SpofEord, Barney Cobb,
Enoch Allen and Nathaniel C. Hains.

In 1830 the householders of the township were as
follows:

John Libbey, Noah Sawyer, Alfred Dunham, Jason
Shepard, Charles Goodrich, Enos Hollister, A. S.
Barnum, John Dunham, Wetherby Nye, Eli Burke,
Alvah Hollister, Hiram Ostrander, Stephen Robinson,
James Titus, Julius S. Benedict, Oliver B. Robinson.
Daniel Gould, Luther Willis, Darius Warner, William
Dunshee, Ralph R. Benedict, Samuel Barnes, Abra-
ham Turner, Joseph Skinner, Joseph Goodale, John
White, Justus Remington, Nathaniel C. Haines,
George M. Payne, Enoch Allen, James Griffith, Bar-
ney Cobb, Daniel Benedict, Hiram Spafford, Benja-
min Pitch, Erastus Ives, Jared Skinner, Ziba Willis,
Daniel Mora, Moses Kirby, Lyman Eldred, Curtis
Wells, Daniel Chase, John L. Willard, Alvin Davis,
Danforth Chamberlain, Aaron Warner, John Hill,
Mary Ann Parker, Silas Lindslej, Moses Gleason,
Peter McArthur, John Schooley, Nathaniel H. Joy,
Stephen Comstock, James Hughes, Wm. Currier,
Isaac Leach, Isaac 'D. Leach.

After 1830 the immigration was very lai'ge, and
the township, although yet new, was soon quite

BEDFORD.

405

deasely populated. In 1847 Bedford had three huin-'
dred and twenty voters.

CIVIL GOVERNMEKT.

Agreeably to an order of the commissioners of
Cuyahoga county, the inhabitants of the present
township of Bedford assembled at the house of Pren-
tice B. Eoss, April 7, 1823, to elect township ofiBcers.
John Dunham, Daniel Benedict and Aaron Shepard
were appointed judges; Laban Ingersoll and A. S.
Barnum, clerks. The officers elected were as fol-
lows: Trustees, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Laban
Ingersoll; clerk, Abijah S. Barnum; treasurer, John
Dunham; constables and listers, Peter Oomstock,
Darius E, Benedict; fence viewers, Prentice B. Ross,
Wetherby Nye; overseers of the poor, Barzilla B.
Burk, Stephen Oomstock; road supervisors, Daniel
Benedict, James Orr, Barzilla B. Burk. Jonathan
Fisher, a justice of the peace of the county, qualified
the clerk to perform the duties of his office.

A meeting to elect a Justice of the peace for Bed-
ford was held July 19, 1833, when John Dunham
received seventeen votes; Daniel Benedict, eleven;
and A. Shepard, one. Dunham declined to serve,
and on the 9th of August another election was held
which resulted in the choice of James Orr; he having
received twenty-five votes. The justices in 1879 are
A. M. Whitaker and E. H. Hammond. It is impos-
sible to compile even a reasonably full list of those
who have served as justices in the intermediate period;
even as to other officers it is vei-y difficult, some of
the records having been destroyed or mislaid. As near
as can be ascertained they have been as follows:

1823. Trustees, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Laban Ingersoll; clerk,
Abijah S. Barnum; treasurer, John Dunham.

1824. Trustees, Daniel Benedict, John Dunhani, Stephen Comstoek;
clerk, Benjamin Fitch; treasurer, John Dunham.

1825. Trustees, Jason Shepard, Philo Barnes, Stephen Comstoek;
clerk, Daniel Benedict; treasurer, James Orr.

1826. Trustees, Jason Shepard, Philo Barnes, Stephen Comstoek;
clerk, A. S. Barnum ; treasurer, James Orr.

1827 and 1828 — records missing.

1829. Trustees, Enoch Allen, George M. Payne, Justus Bemington;
clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Luther Willis.

1830. Trustees, James Titus, Alvin Davis, Justus Remington; clerk,
A'. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister.

1831. Trustees, Thomas Marble, Hiram Spafford, Curtis Wells; clerk,
JohnF. Willard; treasurer, Enos Hollister.

1832. Trustees, Daniel Brooks, William Hamilton, James Titus; clerk,
A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister.

1833. Trustees, Luther Willis, Augustine Collins, Abial Newton; clerk,
A. S. Barnum; treasurer, David B. Dunham.

1834. Trustees, George M. Payne, Augustine Collins, Bufus Libby;
clerk, A. S. Barnum ; treasurer, David B. Dunham.

1835. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Bufus Libby; clerk,
Enoch Allen; treasurer,- David B. Dunham.

1838. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Amos Belding; clerk,
Geo. M. Payne; treasurer, David B. Dunham.

1837. Trustees, Daniel Gould, John Culver, Amos Belding; clerk,
Justus Remington; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne.

1838. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Matthew Dreni'ng, Amos Belding; clerk,
Justus Remington; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne.

1839. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Wm. Morse, Matthew Drening; clerk,
John P. Robinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains.

J840. Trustees, Rufus Libby, Julius S. Benedict, Matthew Drening;
clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains.

1841. Trustees, Justus Remington, Sidney Smith, J. S. Benedict;
clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains.

1842. Trustees, Justus Bemington, A. Collins, S. Pease; clerk, B. M.
Hutchinson; treasurer, N. Hamlin.

1843. Trustees, J. Montgomery, A. Collins, John Libby; clerk, B. M.
Hutchinson; treasurer, N. P. Benedict.

1844 Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee
Lord; treasurer, W. B. Hillman.

1845. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee
Lord ; treasurer, F. H. Cannon.

1846. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee
Lord; treasurer, Wm. B. Hillman.

1847. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee
Lord; treasurer, Wm. B. Hillman.

1848. Trustees, Otis Button, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee
Lord; treasurer, Wm.B Hillman.

1849. Trustees, Otis Button, Asa Marble, Sidney Smith; clerk, Lee
Lord ; treasurer, F. H. Cannon.

1850. Nelson Hamlin, Rufus Libby, Chauncy Osborne; clerk, Lee
Lord; treasurer, F. H. Cannon.

1851. Trustees. Hiram Bacon, Rufus Libby, Hiram Smith; clerk, A.
M. Whitaker; treasurer. F. H. Cannon.

1852. Trustees, Hiram Bacon. Benj. Samson, Hiram Smith; clerk,
George Fuller; treasurer, P. H. Cannon.

1853. Trustees, Hiram Smith, Asa Dunham, Silas Gray; clerk, L. D.
Benedict; treasurer, L. D. Hathway.

1854. Trustees, Julius S. Benedictj Asa Dunham, George Lathrop;
clerk, L. D. Benedict; treasurer, L. D. Hathaway.

1855. Trustees, Jacob Flick, Jr.. Wm. King, George Lathrop ; clerk,
Wm. H. May; treasurer, L. D. Hathaway.

1856. Trustees, Jacob Flick, Jr., Caswell Wright, Joel Nelson; clerk,
Wm. H. May; treasurer, A. H. Comstoek.

1857. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Wm. King, Caswell Wright; clerk, Wm.
H. May; treasurer, A. H. Comstoek.

1858 and 59. (Records missing).

1860. Trustees, Asa Dunham, James S. Benedict, George Lathrop;
clerk, A. M. Whitaker; treasurer, A. H, Comstoek.

1861. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Wm. King, L. Tarbell; cleik, A. B,
Hubbell ; treasurer. Levi Marble.

1862. Trustees, Wm. King, R. S. Benedict. D. D. Robinson; clerk, A.
M. Whitaker; treasurer, Levi Marble.

1803. Trustees, James S. Benedict, Sidney Smith, Edwin F. Wheeler;
clerk, H. J. Hammond; treasurer, Levi Marble.

1864. Trustees, S. A. Clark, James Egbert, Benj. Ltinoin; clerk, Sid-
ney Smith ; treasurer, Levi Marble.

1865. Truslees, Horace Herriman, Vincent Salsbury, Benj. Lemoin;
clerk, Sidney Smith; tieasurer, Levi Marble.

1866. Trustees, Asa Dunham. H. A. Wise, Benj . Lemoin ; clerk, Henry
Freeman ; treasurer, Levi Marble .

1867. Trustees, Asa Dunham, James E bert, T. B. Patterson; clerk,
Sidney Smith; treasurer, Levi Marble.

1868. Trustees, Asa Dunham, B. Lemoin, T. B. Patterson; clerk, Sid-
ney Smith ; treasurer, Levi Marble.

1869. Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew, Geo. Laing; clerk,
Sidney Smith; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield,

1870. Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew, Joseph Mathew; clerk,
W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1871. Trustees, James Egbert, Reuben Parkinson, Joseph Mathew;
clerk, J. E. Tudor; treasurer. J. H. Wakefield.

1872. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Beuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk.
J. E. Tudor; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1873. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk,
W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1874. Treasurer, R. J. Hathaway. Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble;
clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1875. Trustees, Asa Dunham, H. D. Lathrop, E. M. Libby; clerk, W.
S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1876. Trustees, J. C. Walton, H. D. Lathrop, E. M. Libby; clerk, W.
S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield.

1877. Trustees, J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland, E. M. Libby; clerk,
W. S. Warner; treasurer, J, H. Wakefield.

1878. Trustees. J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland, H. D. Lathrop;
clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield,

1879. Trustees, J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland. H. D. Lathrop;
clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J, H, Wakefield.

CEMETERY AND TOWN HALL.

In 1857 the township appropriated five hundred
dollars to purchase a tract of ground for burial pur-
poses. A lot of three and one-third acres was selected
in the southeastern part of the village, which has been
well fenced, laid out in blocks, planted with fine
trees, and a vault provided. The township also fur-
nished a hearse and provided the services of a sexton.
The cemetery contains some very fine monuments,
and has become the general place of interment of the
people of the township.

406

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

On the 30th of May, 1874, the trustees of Bedford
contracted with David Law, of Willoiighby, to build
a town hall at the village, for $13,500. The hall was
subsequently seated and furnished, making the entire
cost about $15,000. The building is three stories
high, with a Mansard roof of figured slate, and has a
very attractive appearance. The lower story is fitted
up for township offices, and has a room in which the
general meetings are held. It was first occupied for
this purpose in the spring of 1875. The second story
forms a public hall, for lectures, concerts, and other
occasions; and the third story has been fitted up by
the Masons for the use of their order. The hall is an
appropriate monument to the enterprise and progres-
sive spirit of the people of Bedford.

PUBLIC THOKOUGHFAEES.

The first roads of Bedford wei-e merely underbrushed
paths, but afterwards, when the township was organ-
ized, the people went to work in earnest to impi-ove
them. The State road, passing througli the township
diagonally from southeast to northwest, was built
about 1830, and at ouce became a popular thorough-
fare, and is still the principal highway of the town-
ship. The otherhighways were in due time improved,
the low places being turnpiked. At present the roads
are in a very fine condition, and in 1879 were in
charge of the following supervisors: William Trimple,
0. Wright, G-eorge Nichols, J. H. Stohlman, George
Laing, David Winders, James Rees, D. Wells and
Amos Allen.

In the spring of 1849 ground was broken in Bed-
ford for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, and
in 1852 the road was fully opened for traffic. It has
a length in Bedford of about seven miles, and at the
village a good station has been provided. The rail-
road bridge across Tiniier's creek is a very fine piece
of massive stone masonry, more than one hundred
feet high. About the same time that the railroad was
built, the Twinsburg and Bedford plank road was
constructed; and at a little later date the Cleveland
and Mahoning railroad was opened through the north-
eastern part of the township. The plank road was
abandoned about 1860.

BEDPOED VILLAGE.

This is chiefly situated on lot forty-six, near the
center of the township. It is located mainly on the
north bank of Tinker's creek, which there flows
through a deep gorge, the sides of which are almost
perpendicular walls of rock, partly bare and partly
covered with trees and shrubs, and presenting a very
picturesque appearance. At a bend of the creek, on
lot fifty-six, the first effort to start a village was made
about 1826 by Luther Willis. He was the owner of
water-power which had been employed to operate
machinery, but beyond the building of a few houses
nothing resulted from the endeavors of the proprietor.

After 1830 Hezekiah Dunham became the owner
of a large tract of land farther north, and mainly o

lot forty-six, a portion of which he caused to be sur-
veyed for a village in December, 1834. The plat was
made by John C. Sill, and embraced a number of
lots south of the present village park (which was at
that time devoted to the public use), and west of the
turnpike road. Lots were also set aside for a hall for
town meetings, and the several religious societies
each received a building site. This liberal spirit,
and other inducements held out by the proprietors,
caused a number of improvements to be made, neces-
sitating, in 1836, an addition of lots on the east side
of the turnpike, which was also made by the Dun-
hams. Other additions were made by the owners of
adjoining real estate from time to time, until the
area of the village has been greatly extended.

It is not compactly built, and since the Cleveland
and Pittsburg railroad located a station here, in 1852,
it has partaken somewhat of the characteristics of a
suburban village in relation to Cleveland. It is only
six miles distant from the limits of that city, and has
a population of about eight hundred. The village
contains a very fiue public hall, a Methodist, a Disci-
ple, a Baptist and a Presbyterian church, an elegant
Union School building, a number of comfortable resi-
dences, and the various establishments mentioned a
little further on.

Bedford was incorporated according to the provis-
ions of an act of the general assembly, passed March
15, 1837, which set forth "that so much of the
township of Bedford, in the county of Cuyahoga, as
herein described, viz. : The whole of lots forty-five,
forty-six and fifty-six, and that part of lot fifty-five
which lays northeast of Tinker's creek; also a strip
thirty-two rods width off the south end of lot thirty-
six, and a strip of thirty-two rods width off the south
end of lot thirty-five, west as far as the west line of
Justus Eemington's land, be and the same is hereby
created a town corporate, and shall hereafter be known
by the name and title of the 'Town of Bedford.'"
An election of a mayor, a recorder, and five trustees
was ordered to be holden the following April, and
yearly thereafter. The mayor chosen was George M.
Payne; the recorder, David B. Dunham.

All the records prior to 1860 have been destroyed
by fire, so that no complete list of officers can be
given. The village allowed its first charter to lapse,
and on the 3d day of May, 1852, a new act of incor-
poration was granted, with the limits before given,
which yet remain as originally fixed.

Since 1859 the principal officers have been as fol-
lows: 1860, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; A. M. Whita-
ker, recorder. 1861, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; W. L.
Lord, recorder. 1862, L. D. Benedict, mayor; 0.
A. Ennis, recorder. 1863 & 64, F. H. Cannon, mayor;
S. P. Gray, recorder. 1865. B. J. Wheelock, mayor;
Sidney Smith, recorder. 1866, R. C. Smith, mayor;
H. Freeman, recorder. 1867, A. J. Wells, mayor;
Sidney Smith, recorder. 1868, Benjamin Lemoin,
mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1869 to 1873, 0.
A. Ennis, mayor; A. M. Whit^ker, recorder. 1874

BEDI'ORD.

407

to 1875, 0. A. Ennis, mayor; L. P. Whitaker, re-
corder. 1876 to 1877, D. B. Dunham, mayor; W.
S. Warner, recorder. 1878, V. A. Taylor, mayor;
W. S. Warner, recorder.

In 1879 the village officers were as follows: V. A.
Taylor, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder; M. L. Hil-
liard, C. B. Marble, J. C. Nelson, 0. A. Ennis, John
H. Gause, J. H. Lamson, councilmen; Robert Forbes,
treasurer; H. P. Bredes, marshal. A tax of three
and one-half mills was levied on the valuation of the
village for all the purposes of the corporation in 1879.

POST OFFICE, STORES AND HOTELS.

The Bedford post office dates from about 1836.
Ziba Willis was the first postmaster. His successor
in 1833 was D. B. Dunham, who held the office until
1843. At that time there was one mail per day, by
stage; the arrival varied from two to ten hours, ac-
cording to the condition of the roads. The successors
of Mr. Dunham have been J. P. Eobinson, R. D.
Benedict, Leverett Tarbell, Levi Marble, and the pres-
ent postmaster, Charles B. Marble. The office enjoys
good mail privileges.

The first store in the village, and also the first in
the township, was opened by David B. Dunham, in
November, 1831, in a building which stood at the
forks of the road, opposite the present hotel. He
occupied that building eight years, when he removed
to a fine stone block, which stood just north of his
present residence, and which was occupied by him
when it was destroyed by fire in June, 1878. In that
building was transacted, for a number of years, a
business which aggregated more than 1100,000 per
year, and which made Bedford one of the best trading
points in the county, outside of Cleveland. Other
prominent merchants have been F. H. Cannon, J. P.
Eobinson, W. B. Hillman, Paddock & Esselstyne,
George M. Payne, Zachariah Paddock, Chester Ham-
ilton, Watson I. Gray, M. B. Dawson, Leverett Tar-
bell, A. H. Comstock, James Thompson, L. D.
Hathaway, L. P. Gray, etc. The present merchants
arc Newman Eobinson, since 1845; Eobert Forbes,
since 1865; C. B. Marble, L. C. Hains, Joseph Hains,
C. H. Dustin and J. E. Tudor & Co.

Enoch Allen had the first public house in the vil-
lage, about 1839, near the present chair factories. He
was followed by Amos Belden and others. In 1833
Calvin Barnes put up a good hotel, north of the park^
which was widely known as the "Checkered House."
Among other keepers were Silas Gray and George
Lathrop. In 1871 the house was destroyed by fire.
In 1833, also, the present "Fountain House" was
built by Levi Marble, who kept it a few years, and
was followed by Abner Heston and others. The
present proprietor is Charles Turner, and it is the
only hotel in the place. Formerly hotels were kept
in the stone block and at other places; the village
having, at one time, had five public houses.

PHYSICIANS AND THE PRESS.

Dr. J. M. Turner, who came about 1838 and lived
a little south of the village, was the first physician ,
and was in practice about five years. Dr. Charles
Goodrich came about 1830, but fell a victim to the
cholera in 1833; Dr. J. P. Eobinson was in practice
from January, 1833, till his removal to Cleveland in
1865. Dr. D. G. Streetereame in 1845, and remained
until his death, October, 1878, and Dr. S. M. Tarbell
was one of his contemporaries. Others, formerly in
practice, were Doctors A. W. Oliver, Noble H. Finney,

Brainard, Gerold and B. M. Hutchinson.

The present physicians are Doctors C. M. Hawley,

N. A. Dalrymple Daniels, and N. B. Armstrong.

The veteran Dr. T. Garlick, for many years one of
Cleveland's most eminent surgeons, is a retired citi-
zen of the village.

In 1838 John Hammon, of Eavenna, began the
publication of the Bedford Intelligencer, a small sheet
devoted to local news and the interests of the Demo-
cratic party. In five years it was discontinued, and
the place has since been without a paper.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

The first manufacturing in the township was on
Tinker's creek, near the line of Independence. Some-
time about 1815 two men, named Adams and Starr,
put up a sawmill and a gristmill, both small, at a
point about thirty rods above the mills now situated
in that locality. The first mills were suffered to go
down, and in 1830 Culverson and Boland improved
the present site. The mills erected by them soon
after became the property of Moses Gleeson, and have
since been operated by him and his family.

About 1831 Daniel Benedict built a sawmill, and
soon after a carding machine, on Tinker's creek, near
the State road, at Bedford village. These were de-
sti'oyed by fire, but on the site there is now a saw-
mill, belonging to Henry Wick. Below this point
Luther Willis built mills in 1835, which are at pre-
sent operated by Levi Marble. Near by is a building
in which blinds were formerly made and which, at a
later day, was a chair factory, but which is at present
little used.

Farther down the stream, and just inside the cor-
porate limits of Bedford village, Stephen C. Powers
built and set in operation a woolen factory, in 1843,
which was in operation about fifteen years. Here,
also, was formerly a sawmill; but at present the
power is unemployed. In 1843 a pail factory was
built by Lee Lord and Enoch Allen, which was car-
ried on successfully a few years but was then de-
stroyed by fire. Formerly a brush factory gave em-
ployment to a number of men, but after a short
season it was removed.

As early as 1833 Allen Eobinette put up a small
tannery which, since 1840, has been carried on by

408

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COtTNTY.

Hinman Robinson. About 1845 Robinson & Hill-
man engaged in tanning on a large scale, but after a
few years operation the enterprise was abandoned.
About 1840 Oomstock, Kirkham & Dickey put up a
foundry near the creek, which was burned. It was
subsequently rebuilt near the railroad, where it re-
mained.in operation until 1868, when it was again
destroyed by fire.

In 1866 the citizens of Bedford formed themselves
into an association for the purpose of establishing a
rolling mill. A large capital stock was subscribed,
and H. N. Slade chosen the first president. A good
mill was built near the railroad bridge, in which from
fifty to seventy-five hands were employed. The mill
became the property of B. W. John about 1869, and
subsequently was owned by the "Leetonia Iron and
Coal Company," which also failed. After standing
idle a few years, it was purchased by parties resi-
dent in Massillon, who removed it to that place,
where it is now in operation. During the time it was
carried on at Bedford, it is estimated the place sus-
tained a direct and indirect loss of more than two
hundred thousand dollars, which was chargeable to
that source, while the benefit derived from it was very
slight.

A machine shop for general iron work was built
about 1854 by M. A. Purdy & Son, near the above
site, which was last carried on by C. Purdy. In July,
1875, the establishment was totally destroyed by fire.

THE BEDFOED CHAIR EACTOEIES.

These have for many years been among the princi-
pal industries of the place, and are the only ones
which have survived the mutations of time. In 1851
B. J. Wheelock began the manufacture of cane-seated
chairs in the old building by the mill, having at
first a force of five men. Changes in the firm fol-
lowed, and the capacity of the shop was largely in-
creased, more than twenty men being employed. In
1855 B. J. Wheelock and L. P. Osborne built a large
factory on the hill north of the old establishment, the
latter being continued meanwhile by Lord, Park &
Co. and others. In 1858 the new shops were en-
larged by the firm of Wheelock & Wright, and about
the same time M. A. Purdy & Son erected a new
shop devoted to the chair business, in the same locali-
ty, and operated it a number of years. In 1867 the
different chair manufacturers in the village united
their interests and formed the Bedford Chair Com-
pany. Another building was then erected to connect
the two factories on the hill, the establishment then
being made to assume the shape it now has. At thai
time about fifty men were employed. At present the
factory is operated by Wheelock & Co., on a more
limited scale, in the manufacture of single cane-seated
work only.

As early as 1833 Benjamin Fitch carried on the
manufacture of splint-bottom chairs at his home in
the northern part of the township, on lot fifteen.
Here W. 0. Taylor learued the chair-maker's trade,

and in 1844 began work on his own account. In
1863 he erected a shop in this locality, in which he
shortly after began the manufacture of cane-seated
chairs, although still continuing to make splint work.
In 1874 his factory was removed to Bedford village,
where the business has since been very successfully
carried on by W. 0. Taylor & Son. At present they
occupy a large building more than one hundred feet
long, with several capacious wings, in which sixty
men are employed, nearly as many more persons
being given employment outside of the factory, in
weaving and braiding chair seats. The work of this
factory has attained a wide reputation, and in 1876
was awarded the medal at the Centennial Exhibition.
More than forty styles of single and double-seated
cane work are made, and the demand for the wares of
the factory is so great that it is taxed to its utmost to
supply it.

EDUCATIOKAL INTEEESTS.

The records of the township are silent in regard to
the early condition of the public schools, nothing of
interest but a list of teachei's prior to 1840 being
obtainable. This includes the names of Miss Barnes,
H. L. Sill, C. Ruggles, R. Root, W. Johnson, D.
Baldwin, M. Smith, Polly Allen, Betsey Predner,
Mary Ann Sill, Laura Gould, Mary McCartney,
Mariah Peck and L. Ruggles. In 1848 there were
eleven districts in the township, having an aggregate
of six hundred and sixty-two children of school age.
The school fund amounted to $665.40.

Thirty years later there were two fractional dis-
tricts and eight sub-districts, in addition to the Union
School of Bedford village. Not including the latter,
the expenditure for school purposes were $3,441.56.
Thirty-three weeks of school were maintained, and
the aggregate enrollment was one hundred and ninety-
■ six boys and one hundred and seventy-five girls. The
average attendance was nearly three hundred, all the
scholars being engaged in the study of the common
branches, except two. The average wages of the
male teachers was $36.00; of female teachers, $16.50.
There were eight school houses the value of which
was set at $10,500. The most of them present an
attractive appearance on the outside, and are com-
fortably fitted up on the inside. In 1879 the board
of education was composed of R. J. Hathaway (Dis-
trict No. 4), president; W. S. Warner, clerk; Ozro
Orborne, of District No. 1; A. J. Hansay, of No. 2;
H. H. Cox, of No. 3; George Laing, of No. 5; P. B.
McConnor, of No. 6; Leonard Hershey, of No. 7; S.
S. Drake, of No. 8.

BEDFOED TILLAGE UNION SCHOOL.

The district was originally organized to embrace
only the territory within the corporate limits of the
village, hut in 1874 the bounds were extended so as
to include all of lots thirty-six, thirty-seven, forty-
four, forty-five, forty-six, fifty-three, fifty-four, fifty-
five, fifty-six and parts of thirty-five, forty-seven,

BEDFORD.

40&

fllty-seven, 'sixty-five, sixty-six and sixty-seven. In
1873 the present school building was erected, under
the direction of a board of education composed of
Eobert Forbes, E. Moffatt and W. H. Wheelock, and
was ready for occupancy in the early part of 1874.
It is a very handsome edifice of brick, forty by fifty,
six feet, two stories high, with basement, and cost
$15,000. There are four rooms, but at present only
three are occupied for school purposes. The schools
were attended by two hundred and forty-one pupils
in 1878, the average attendance being two hundred
and five. Thirty-eight weeks of school were main-
tained at a cost of nearly 11,600, under the principal-
ship of R. C. Smith.

Since 1877 the board of education has been com-
posed of six persons. The present members are J.
W. Derthwick, president; E". L. Hillard, secretary;
Robert Forbes, treasurer; W. T. Wheelock, M. B.
Dawson and J. F. Bently.

EELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.

Soon after 1830 several religious societies were
formed in Bedford, which failed to maintain their or-
ganization more than a few years. There being no
church building in the place, a small framed meeting
house was erected about this period by Mrs. Fanny
Willis, which was the first place of worship of the
several societies organized before 1841.

The Disciples were the first to form a society that
proved permanent. In May, 1830, Rev. E. Williams
visited the village to preach, and for some time came
every month thereafter. In Augiist Noel 0. Barnum
was baptized by Mr. Williams, and in April, 1831,
Enoch Allen and six others received the same lite.
Preaching was continued by Rev. Messrs. Williams,
William Hayden, J. J. Moss and others, and in
December, 1833, was organized

THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN BEDFORD,

with twenty members and the following ofiicers: Thos.
Marble, overseer; Enoch Allen and George M. Payne,
deacons. The following year these were under the min-
istrations of the Rev. A. B. Green. In 1834 Rev. J. J.
Moss became a resident of Bedford, and for five years
taught and preached from house to house. In 1837
a great revival prevailed whereby thirty-two persons
were added to the membership of the church. In
1835 Enoch Allen and Allen Robinette were elected
overseers; Samuel Barnes, N. C. Barnum and W. W.
Walker, deacons.

The church has enjoyed numerous revivals; in 1843
receiving one hundred and six additions, and in 1848
fifty-four additions — among them being thirty persons
who had formerly belonged to the Baptist church. In
1852, under the preaching of Rev. A. B. Green, one
hundred and fifteen persons joined at one meeting.
The aggregate membership has been very large, reach-
ing nearly twenty-five hundred; and from the Bedford
society have originated fifty churches in various parts
of the country. At present there are three hundred

and twenty-five resident, and one hundred non-resi-
dent members. Among those who have originated
here as ministers were Irvin A. Searles, Theo. John-
son, Burdette Goodale, Alonzo Dunham, J. P. Rob-
inson, William Robinson, Charles F. Bartlett, Sidney
Smith, and a number of others who expound the
Word at home.

The eldei's of the church have been, in the order
of their election: Thomas Marble, Allen Robinette,
Enoch Allen, Sidney Smith, James Young, C. F.
Bartlett, R. S. Benedict, S. F. Lockwood, James
Egbert,* W. H. Mill man, A. T. Hubbell, Alonzo
Drake,* R. J. Hathaway,* Hiram Woods and A. 0.
Hubbell; and the deacons have been Enoch Allen,
George M. Payne, Samuel Barnes, N. C. Barnum,
W. W. Walker, A. Gray, Charles F. Bartlett, George
Comstock, Silvan F. Lockwood, Augustiu Collins,
Silas A. Hathaway, Daniel Gould, N. P. Benedict,
Lee Lord, J. S. Benedict, A. T. Hubbell, D. D. Rob-
inson, N. A. Egbert, Augustus Rincar,* W. W.
Wells, M. B. Dawson, J. W. Derthwick,* J. M. Eg-
bert,* V. A. Taylor,* and Johnson McFarland.*

In 1856 the church employed its first pastor (the
ministers until that period having been evangelists),
the Rev. J. 0. Beardsley, who afterwards became a
foreign missionary. His successors in the pastoral
office have been J. H. Jones, James H. Woods, A. B.
Green, R. Moffit, W. L. Anderson, W. J. Sharp, S.
W. Brown, L. Cooley, and E. D. Barclay the present
pastor.

The meeting-house was erected in 1838. It has
since been much enlarged and improved, being at
present a very handsome edifice the value of which is
estimated at six thousand dollars. The present trustees
are Alonzo Drake, V. A. Taylor, Johnson McFar-
land, John Way, Milo Hathaway, F. R. Hamlin and
S. J. Clark; E. A. Ennis is clerk of the board.

Many years ago Dr. J. P. Robinson was the super-
intendent of a flourishing Sunday-school, which has
been continued with unabated interest until the
present time. It has one hundred and twenty-five
members, R. J. Hathaway being the superintendent.

For nearly twenty years the board of managers of
the Ohio Missionary Society were located at Bedford;
Dr. J. P. Robinson being the chairman, and James
Egbert, the treasurer. In later years the meetings
have been held at Cleveland.

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN BEDFORD.

This religious body *as organized November 18,
1834, with the following members: Stephen Rusco,
William Wing, Salome Rusco, Phebe Hotchkiss,
Isabella Thomas, Silvan P. Lockwood, Ambrose K.
Lockwood, Fanny Willis, Mary Robinson, Marinda
Holcomb, Clarissa Dunham, Hannah Wing, Lucretia
Hammond and John Hammond, by the Rev. S. R.
Willard, who also became the first pastor. Stephen
Rusco was elected the first clerk, and Silvan P. Lock-

*Now serving.

410

THE TOWJSrSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

wood and John Hammond, the first deacons. In
September, 1835, the church became connected with
the Portage Association, sending as delegates the
pastor, Eev. Mr. Willard, Deacon Hammond and
Stephen Eusco.

In 1836 John Hammond resigned his deaconship,
and John Brainard was chosen in his place. The
latter resigned in 1843, and George Morse, John Ham-
mond and Newman Robinson were elected. Augustus
Pease also served in this capacity. The present dea-
cons are Newman Robinson and Daniel Cook.

The second pastor of the church was the Rev. E.
H. Holley, who assumed that relation in. February,
1842. The succeeding pastors, with the year in which
each began his service, have been as follows: 1844,
Rev. W. Levisse; 1846, Rev. W. G. Johnson; 1850,
Rev. Mr. Simonds; 1851, A. Freeman; 1855, Rev.
Alonzo Wadhams; 1857, Rev. E. A. Turner; 1859,
Rev. Mr. Page; 1860, Rev. Mr. Heath; 1861, Eev.
J. L. Phillips; 1864, Rev. Mr. Haven; 1866, Eev. J.
B. Hutton; 1867, Eev. G. W. Scott; 1869, Eev. P.
Tolhurst; 1875, Rev. Mr. Stephenson; 1876, Rev. S.
Early, who yet continues as a supply, and is also su-
perintendent of a Sunday school which has two hun-
dred members. The chui'ch reports ninety-five mem-
bers.

In 1839 the present church edifice was erected, and
on the 19th of February, 1840, it was consecrated by
the Eev. Levi Tucker. It has since been repaired,
and is still a comfortable place of worship. The
present trustees are Geo. Cowan, Newman Eobinson
and Frederick Harter.

THE BEDFORD METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUEGH.

About 1833 a class of Methodisbs was formed at
Bedford, having among its members N. C. Haines,
his wife, Eachel, and daughter, Polly; Benjamin
Fitch and wife, Daniel Benedict and wife, and others
who had formerly belonged to the Eeformed Metho-
dists. Revs. N. 0. Haines and Baldwin, acting

in the capacity of local preachers, were the first min-
isters of the class, which did not increase very rapidly
in membership. After ministers were sent here by
the conference, the services were held in the Willis
meeting house, which afterwards became the property
of the Methodists, and was moved by them to its
present location. In a remodeled condition it forms
a pleasant place of worship, valued at $3,500. The
present trustees are S. M. Hammond, Edward Cork-
ill, A. M. Whitakcr, G. C. Tinker, J. W. Hickman
and W. T. Wheelock.

The church has at present about one hundred mem-
bers, and the following stewards: G. 0. Tinker, J. R.
Tudor, ^\. W. Corkill and A. J. Loockwood. The
pastor since September, 1878, has been the Eev. A.
T. Copeland. Among other Methodist clergy here
were the Eevs. Alfred Bronson, S. Warrallo, Ira

Eddy, L. D. Prosser, J. K. Hallock, W. P. Wilson,
M. H. Bettis, W. French, A. Hall, J. H. Tagg, D.
M. Stevens, W. P. Day, L. Clark, A. Poutz, Cyril
Wilson, Michael Williams, C. P. Kingsbury, S. Gregg,
B. J. Kennedy, B. C. Warner, A. M. Brown, B. P.
Wade, J. Beetham and J. H. Merchant.

A flourishing Sunday school is maintained by the
church, with S. M. Hammond as superintendent.

THE BEDFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The house of worship of this body was erected in
1861j by a congregation which had been formed pre-
vious to that date by the Eevs. P. I. Brown and
John Andrews, of the Wooster presbytery. There
were sixteen members, and Milton A. Purdy and B.
J. Wheelock were the first ruling elders. Before the
meeting house was built, Eev. William Campbell be-
came the first pastor, the services being held in
Hutchinson hall and other places. He served the
church in connection with that of Northfield, and
the subsequent pastors were also in the employ of
both churches. These were the Eev. William B.
Marsh and the Eev. William Hamilton, D.D. After
the latter confined his labors solely to the Northfield
church, many of the members in the southern part of
the township withdrew from the Bedford church and
connected themselves with the former body. Others
removed, and the church was left so weak that for
the past six years the meeting house has been unoc-
cupied.

Other religious societies have had a brief existence
at Bedford village and in the western part of the
township, where a meeting house was erected on Dun-
ham street, but all have now become extinct.

BEDFORD LODGE NO. 375, F. AND A. M.

This lodge received a dispensation October 17,
1866, and a year later was duly chartered with the
following members: J. B. Hains, C. N. Hamlin, E.
C. Smith, A. A. Benedict, W. H. Sawyer, Levi Case,
Enoch Allen, A. J. Wells, J. J. Brittan S. S. Peck,
L. C. Hains, Samuel Patrick, E. Cowles and H. H.
Palmer. The officers were J. B. Hains, W. M. ; L.
0. Hains, J. W. ; S. S. Peck, secretary; B. P. Lillie,
treasurer; E. J. Parke, J. D.; M. T. Canfield, S. D.,
and P. Mighton, tyler. The lodge has had one hun-
dred and eleven members, and at present reports
fifty-five. In 1874 the upper story of the town hall
was fitted up for lodge purposes, at a cost of $1,500.
The size of the main hall is thirty by thirty-six feet;
the size of that and the banquet hall is thirty-six by
seventy feet. The present officers are S. S. Peck, W.
M.; S. H. Gleeson, S. W.; William Gelling, J. W.;
E. H. Hammond, secretary; C. B. Marble, treasurer;
J. C. Nelson, S. D.; William Klaner, J. D., and H.
Conant, tyler.

Hon. Theodore Breck is a descendant of the old Puri-
tan families of New England, and boasts ancestors who
were prominently identified with the early history of the
State of Massachusetts. His father, John Breck, was a
native of Northampton, Mass., and was, in company with
his brothers, engaged at Boston in the importation of iron.
He served in the army during the war of 1812, and was
commander of the forces stationed at Fort Independence,
Boston harbor. He was one of the original purchasers of
the Western Reserve lands from the State of Connecticut,
and upon its division among the different proprietors was
allotted parts of townships in the various counties. In the
town named after him in Cuyahoga County he originally
held the title-deeds for one-half of its territory. He died
in 1827. Theodore Breck's mother, Clarissa (who died in
1831), was the daughter of Rev. Thomas Allen, the first
settled minister of Pittsfield, Mass. ; a man of strong and
deep religious principles and very patriotic during the Revo-
lutionary war. When Gen. Burgoyne was marching to
invade Vermont, Mr. Allen heard of the approach of the
British during the Sabbath service, and thereupon leaving
his pulpit he hastily formed a company of Minute-Men, and
hastened to the support of the Americans. His son, Wil-
liam R. Allen, was president of Bowdoin and Dartmouth
Colleges in the early part of the present century. Rev.
Thomas Allen's wife, Elizabeth, was a daughter of Rev.
Jonathan Lee, the first settled pastor at Salisbury, Mass.
His wife, Elizabeth, was the child of Rev. Joseph Metcalf,
who was united in 1707 to Alice, daughter of Rev. William
Adams. The latter married, in 1680, Alice, daughter of
Maj. William Bradford, who was the son of Governor Wil-
liam and Alice (Southworth) Bradford. This shows that
Theodore Breck is a lineal descendant of one of Massachu-
setts' early colonial governors. John and Clarissa (Allen)

Breck had a family of six children, of whom Theodore was
the third son and child.

He was born at Northampton, Mass., Nov. 30, 1808.
Receiving an academical course of study, he spent his youth
at educational institutions in Hadley and Amherst, Mass.
After the death of his father, in company with his two sur-
viving brothers, Edward and John, he moved West to look
after the large landed interest left by their parent. He
located at Brecksville in _1830, and became engaged in
agricultural pursuits and in the mercantile trade, and later
on became a notary public. His brothers finally settled
in Brecksville, the elder engaging in the practice of medi-
cine, the younger in farming.

Mr. Breck was formerly a member of the old Whig party,
but joined the Republican party upon its organization, and
has since been an active and prominent worker in its
ranks. He has been called to serve as county commissioner,
1843 to 1846 ; was appointed to fill the vacancy in the
same board in 1875 ; was a member of the State Legisla-
ture of 1846-48 ; member of the Senate of 1860-61, and
represented his constituents in the 63d General Assembly
of 1876-77. In all of his political positions he has given
universal satisfaction and gained the respect of the people
at large irrespective of party. Mr. Breck is a man ot
medium height, and though over seventy years of age en-
joys the best of health. Although never married, he is
rightly called the father of the town of his adoption. His
hand has always been ready to help, and his purse to al-
leviate, the wants of the destitute orphan or the desolate
widow, and though he has no posterity to transmit his name
to future generations, it will remain green and live in the
memory of the people of this county for many years to
come. By his many acts of benevolence and kindness he
has erected a monument that will long endure.

BREOKSVILLB.

411

CHAPTER LXX.

BBEOKSVILLE.

Boundaries— First Proprietor— Soil-First Pioneers-A Garrisoned House
—Rattlesnakes— Hinckley Hunt— Settlements on the River— At the
Center— Up Chippewa Creek— In the North— Horse Stealing and Coun-
terfeiting—Pioneers before 1826 — ^Prominent Men between 1826 and
1835— First Officers— Items from the Town Book— List of OfBcers—
Town Hall— Tax of 1878— A Log Grist-Mill— Other Mills at the Center
—Saw-Mills on the Chippewa— The old Fulling Mill— Tanneries and
Distilleries— Village of Breoksville— Its Post OfBce— Stores and Hotels
—Schools— First Congregational Church— Methodist Church.

Breoksville is in the southernmost tier of town-
ships in the county. The Cuyahoga river forms its
eastern boundary, and beyond it lies the township of
Northfield, in Summit county. On the south is the
township of Richfield, also in Summit county; while
on the west and north lie the townships of Royalton
and Independence in Cuyahoga county. It received
its name from Robert and John Breck, two of the
proprietors, who owned it in common with Reuben
Dresser, Lemuel and Asahel Pomeroy, Ebenezer Hunt,
Asa White and Welch & Hinckley. The township
contains seventeen thousand one hundred and fifty-
six acres of land, the surface of which is broken by
high hills and deep hollows in the eastern and cen-
tral parts; but in the south and the west forms an
elevated plain. It was originally covered with a
heavy growth of timber, and in some localities a lib-
eral supply of the common forest trees may yet be
found.

The soil varies from a stiff clay to a sandy loam and
is most adapted to the raising of the various grains
and grasses, the latter being the principal product.
Dairying largely engages the attention of the people,
although much mixed husbandry prevails. The
principal stream, aside from the Cuyahoga, is Chip-
pewa creek, with its tributary brooks. That creek
flows east through the township, a little north of its
center. It has a small but fertile valley and in some
localities its banks form high and almost perpendicu-
lar walls of shale, while in others the channel is an
unbroken mass of sandstone, its banks being fringed
with evergreens and tangle wood, which gives them
a wild and picturesque appearance. It affords a lim-
ited water power.

PIOlirEER SETTLERS.

Breoksville was surveyed in 1811 by Alfred Wolcott,
Esq., and in June of that year the first settlement
in the township was made, by Seth Paine and Mel-
zar Clark, who came from Western Massachusetts.
The former located on lot sixty-four, in the extreme
southwestern part of the township, and died there
before 1818. He had a family of two sons— Oliver
N. and S. White — and two daughters. One of them,
Almira, married Melzar Clark, who soon after re-
moved to Royalton. After his death the widow mar-
ried Henry Bangs of that township.

At the breaking out of the war of 1812 the few in-
habitants, for a time, kept up a little garrison at the
house of Seth Paine, but as the rumors of Indian
hostilities became more alarming most of the people

fled to Hudson, where they remained until the danger
was over. After the war only a few straggling In-
dians were seen, and these soon abandoned the
country, leaving the settlers in undisturbed posses-
sion of their homes.

These were of logs, often without a nail or board,
and contained but the simplest furniture and house-
hold utensils. A single article was often made to do
service for cooking, baking and washing, and it is
said that, in the absence of any other vessel, one of
the pioneer mothers was obliged to milk her cow into
a jug. Rattlesnakes were unusually abundant in the
township, and would sometimes intrude themselves
through the puncheon floors of the cabins of those
living' near the Chippewa — as many as thirteen of
those unpleasant reptiles having been killed in one
place.

Game, also, was very abundant. We have described
the great Hinckley hunt on page sixty-six of the gen-
eral history, but we add a few facts not known when
that description was written. It originated at the
house of Seth Paine, in this township, in December,
1818. A meeting was held and officers appointed;
Cary Oakes being captain for Breoksville, John Ferris
captain for Royalton, Judge John Newton for Rich-
field, and 'Squire Freyer for Brunswick. As remem-
bered in Breoksville, the number of deer killed was
three hundred and sixty-five; of bears, seventeen; of
wolves, five. These figures differ a little from those
previously given, but either set shows a very good
day's work.

In 1811 another settlement was made in the north-
eastern part of the township, by Benoni Brown and
Samuel, Almon and Charles Wolcott; most of whom
moved away at an early date, the former going to
Bedford township. The following year Edward John-
son, a native of Pennsylvania, located on the river,
above the settlement just mentioned, rearing there
six sons, named Andrew, Joseph, George, William,
John and Thomas, some of whom yet live in the
township. About the same time William Moody,
Thomas Timmins and John Breen located in the
same neighborhood. The latter lived at the mouth
of the Chippewa and had four sons, named John,
Jbseph, David and Cyrus. Andrew Dillon was also
an early settler on the river. His sons growing to
mature years were George, Peter and James. About
the time the canal was built many deaths were caused
in this locality by billions diseases.

On the 1st day of January, 1813, Walter Wait and
his brother-in-law expectant, Lemuel Bourne, built
the third house in the township, near the present
center, raising the walls that day and completing it
soon after, without using any boards or nails. Al-
though in midwinter, the weather was very pleasant,
and they did not suffer in consequence of having to
live several days without doors or windows to their
cabin. Wait soon after moved away, but Bourne set-
tled south of the center, where he resided until his
death, in 1874, at the age of eighty-three years. He

413

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

had three sons, named William, Isaac and Rawson;
and two daughters, named Harriet and Mary. The
same season John Wait, Chester Wait and Benjamin
Wait also settled in that part of the township. The
last named was the first adult that died in the town-
ship, and in 1813 the wife of John Wait became the
mother of the first child — a son, who on reaching
manhood moved to Michigan.

About the same time Bolter Colson settled in the
south part of the township, where he resided until
1878. He had five sons, Orrin, Chandler, Lyman,
Thomas and Newton, the last two being still residents
of the township.

To the center of Brecksville came, in 1813, Lemuel
Hoadley and Hosea Bradford, the former building
there the first mill in the township, the following year.
Bradford, who was a shoemaker, lived on the public
square. Both removed to Olmstead in the course of
eight or ten years. Up the Chippewa Bli and Abijah
Bagley located the same year. The latter had two
sons, named Russia and Nathaniel. John Adams, Ru-
fus Newell and Aruna Phelps were also settlers of the
township, about this period, in the Chippewa Valley.
In 1813 Aaron Rice, with a large family, moved
from Franklin county, Massachusetts, to the south-
western part of the township. He had seven sons,
named Silas, Aaron, Seth, William, Moses, Myron
and Peter, and three daughters. His son-in-law,
Bbenezer Rice, came soon after. The latter had three
sons, named Dexter, Ebenezer and Aiken. Joseph
and Oliver Edgarton came a year or two later. The
former had a numerous family, the son^ being Joseph,
Elias, Erastns, Oliver, and Onick and Austin (twins).
Calvin, Cary and William Oakes came with their
families by ox-teams from Massachusetts in 1816, the
journey consuming forty-two days. Cary Oaks had
five sons, named Caleb, Henry, Francis, Isaac and
Cary. The sons of William Oakes were George and
AVilliam. The same year came Josiah Wilcox and his
sons Ebba, Ambrose and Orrin, also from Massachu-
setts. Ebba Wilcox had a son named Freeborn.
Ambrose died in 1834, leaving four sons, named Ed-
win, Whitney, Miller and Charles. Orrin had one
son named Josiah. ,

Asa Fenn lived in the same neighborhood, and also
died in 1834. He had three sons, Arnon, Plympton
and Learno. The same year died Aaron Barnes, an-
other early settler in that neighborhood, who had two
sons named Giles and Jesse. In the southern part of
the township Lyman J. Frost was one of the earliest
settlers, and a short time later John Pomeroy and Eli
Osborn were added to the list of pioneers.

In 1817 Jedediah Meach settled in the northern part
of the township, and about the same time came Dan-
iel O'Brian. Both moved away, but the following year
Dr. Isaac M. Morgan came to that locality and resided
there until his death. He had three sons, Charles,
Harris and Consider. A son of the latter, Moses I.,
now occupies the homestead. Jacob Fuller and his
sons Abel, Mathew, Calvin, Quartus, Willis and Sam- I

uel, Warren Cole, George W. Marsh, and William,
Samuel, Isaac and Abel Varney, were all early settlers
in the northern and western part of the township.

On the Warren Cole place, which is at present oc-
cupied by Emmet Boyd, afterward lived G. B. Sper-
ring, whose connection with a gang of horse thieves
and counterfeiters made his place a resort of vicious
characters, and a receptacle of stolen property at hours
of the night when his more honest neighbors were
asleep. At home Sperring maintained an eminent
respectability, but he was at last suspected and ar-
rested. While being taken to Cleveland he effected
his escape to Canada. On his farm was discovered
an underground stable for secreting stolen horses,
and in the house were many evidences of the manu-
facture of counterfeit money.

West of this place Daniel Green settled about 1818,
and lived there until his removal to Sandusky. He
had three sons, named William G., John L. and
Charles. A few years later Joseph Hollis, from St.
Lawrence county. New York, settled in this neigh-
borhood, but removed to Seneca county. He had
two sons named Giles and George W., the latter be-
ing at present a resident at the center. At this place
in 1817 settled Joseph, Allen and Alexander Harrow;
the latter being the father of Nathan, John and
Alvah Darrow, all of whom moved away, though
some are now living in adjoining townships. At a
little later period Ezra Wyatt settled at the center,
and purchased the interest of Lemuel Hoadly in the
mill property. He had five sons, named Nathaniel,
Eliphalet, Darius, James and Lorenzo, some of whom
yet live in the county.

Besides the foregoing there were among the pio-
neei-s of Bi-ecksville, before 1826, David McCreary,
Orrin Abbott, Joseph Burnham, Thomas Patrick,
Andrew Benton, John Johnson, Chester Narmore,
John Jenkins, Lewis Adams, Joab Rockwell, Thom-
as Scott, Gersham Bostwick, Joseph McCreary, John
G. Joslin, T. C. Stone, Isaac Packard, Elisha Tubbs,
John Pomeroy, Darius Robinson, Johnson Patrick,
John Guilford, Reuben Durfee, Alonzo Castle,
Chauncey L. Young, William Breckenridge, John
Randall, Robert Donaldson and Jonas Haynes.
Among the prominent settlers who were in the town-
ship before 1835, and' who have not already been
named, were David Ring, Edward Rust, Augustus
Adams, Joseph H. Breck, Theodore Breck, Moses
Hunt, Verarms, Lester and Charles Dewey, John
Day, Hugh Stephenson, John Dunbar, William Good-
ell, James Foster, Thomas Sanderson Belah Norton,
Martin Chittenden, Charles B. Bostwick, Edmund
M. Bartlett, besides others whose names appear in the
church history.

CIVIL ORGANIZATION.

The qualified voters of Brecksville met at the house
of Eli Bagley, April 3, 1815, to choose township
officers as follows:

Trustees, Aaron Rice, Lemuel Hoadley, Edward

' -/// .////' ••- '/////////.

MOSES HUNT.

Moses Hunt was born in Stratford, Orange Co.,
Vt., Aug. 5, 1809, and was the youngest son of
Moses and Judith (Roberts) Hunt, both of whom
were natives of Vermont, the former being born in
Hopkinton, Jan. 19, 1774, the latter at Stratford,
July 31, 1773. In the winter of 1812 his father
moved to Northampton, Mass., but being compelled
to gain his livelihood by day labor, he was not able
to give his children any educational advantages.
During his childhood Moses was obliged to live out
in various families of Hampshire County; but on
arriving at the age of manhood, seeing no prospects
of bettering his condition of life in the Eastern
States, he made up his mind to emigrate to the West,
and in 1833 settled in Brecksville, on a farm of one
hundred acres. With no other capital except health,
strength, and ambition he commenced the battle of life.
The country at that time was a wilderness, and the
pioneers had many obstacles to overcome, but Mr,
Hunt, by energy, economy, and industry, prospered.
He resides at present on his original purchase, which
he has increased to one hundred and fifty acres, and
has made farming his sole occupation in life.

He was married. May 27, 1834, to Emeline,
daughter of Charles B. and Cynthia Dewey, who
were early comers to Brecksville, having removed
from Chesterfield, Hampshire Co., Mass., to that
town in 1834. Their daughter was born in Spring-
field, Mass., Oct. 8, 1811.

Mr. Hunt's parents settled in Brecksville in 1837.
His father died Dec. 24, 1839, and is buried in the
town ; his mother returned to Massachusetts, where
she died in September, 1866, in her ninety-fourth
year.

The result of Moses Hunt's marriage was three
children, one of whom died in childhood. Chauncey
P. was born March 31, 1835, and has been twice
married, the last time (Nov. 7, 1866) to Harriet S.,
daughter of Lemuel Bourn.

Mr. Bourn was one of the early settlers of Brecks-
ville, coming in 1810, prior to which date but one
family had located there. Chauncey at present re-
sides at home with his parents. Sarah Emeline was
born Nov. 26, 1837 j is the wife of Louis T. Bust,
a farmer of Brecksville, and has a family of three
children.

In politics Mr. Hunt is a Republican, and although
often solicited by his fellow-citizens to occupy posi-
tions in their gift, he has always declined political
honors. Has been a member of the First Presby-
terian Church of Brecksville for almost fifty years,
and has held the office of deacon for about thirty
years.

Deacon Hunt is loved and respected by all.
Though now advanced in years he enjoys the best
of health, and it is the daily wish of friends and
neighbors that he may be permitted to be among
them for many years to come.

BRECKSVILLB.

413

Johnson; clerk, John Wait; treasurer, John Adams;
constable and lister, Ebenezer Rice; poormasters,
Hosea Bradford, Aaron Eice; fence viewers, Eben-
ezer Rice, Walter Wait, Hubert Baker; road super-
visors, Lemuel Bourne, Hosea Bradford, Hubert
Baker, Ebenezer Rice. Charles Wolcott had been
elected constable but he refused to serve and was fined
two dollars, which was applied toward paying for a
township book, which had been purchased by Lemuel
Hoadley for three dollars and seventy-five cents. We
transcribe some further notes from the old township
books, which may be interesting.

In March, 1816, Seth Paine's heirs sold an estray
ox for twenty-five dollars and seventy-five cents,
charging the township twelve dollars for his keeping.
The balance was turned over to the treasurer, who
reported that he had settled the account of Lemuel
Hoadley, and that there now remained unappropri-
ated in the treasury, twelve dollars — a very good ex-
hibit indeed. At an election held in October, 1815,
to choose county officers, seventeen, votes were polled.

In March, 1816, Aaron Rice, Eli Bagley and John
Wait were chosen grand jurors; Silas Rice and
Charles Wolcott, petit jurors. A week later the trus-
tees had a meeting to settle with the road supervisors.
They reported "that Hosea Bradford and Ebenezer
Rice had done their duty, and that Lemuel Bourne
and Hubert Baker were deficient."

At an election for justice of the peace, held Febru-
ary 17, 1817, John Wait received twenty- nine votes;
Hosea Bradford, one; and Edward Johnson, one.

In November, 1817, the overseers of the poor, Cal-
vin Oakes and Aaron Rice, commanded Silas Rice,
the constable "to order Hubert Baker to depart from
the township of Brecksville without delay." He
served the writ, receiving therefor thirty-seven and a
half cents. Later that season and the following year
as many as fifteen person were warned to depart from
the township in order to prevent their becoming pub-
lic charges.

From 1815 to the present time (1879) the principal
ofiicers of the township have been the following:

1816. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Lemuel Hoadley, Hesea Bradford;
clerk, John Wait; treasurer, John Adams.

1817. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Lemuel Hoadley, Wm. Oakes;
clerk, John Wait; treasurer, Hosea Bradford.

1818. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Bolter Colson, Wm. Oakes; clerk,
John Wait; treasurer, Calvin Oakes.

1819. Trustees, John Jenkins, Isaac M. Morgan, Thomas Patrick;
clerk, John Wait; treasurer. Alex. Darrow.

1880. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Isaac M. Morgan, Ebba Wilcox;
clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Alex. Darrow.

1821. Trustees. Edward Johnson, Isaac M. Morgan, Ebba Wilcox;
clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Edward Johnson.

1822. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, John Jenkins; clerk,
Martin Chittenden; treasurer, Edward Johnson.

1823. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Aaron Eice; clerk,
John Wait; treasurer. Charles Wait.

1821. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Aaron Rice; clerk,
Isaac Packard ; treasurer, Martin Chittenden.

1825. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Andrew Dillow; clerk,
Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Martin Chittenden.

1828. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Daniel Green, Andrew DiUow; clerk,
Johnson Patrick; treasurer, Martin Chittenden.

1827. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, William Oakes; clerk,
Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Charles B. Bostwiok.

1828. Trustees, Andrew McCrary, Daniel Green, William Oakes;
clerk, William Q. Green; treasurer, John Wait.

1829. Trustees, Andrew MoCrary, Aaron Barnes, Aaron Rice, Jr. ;
clerk, William Breckenridge ; treasurer, Charles B. Bostwick.

1830. Trustees, Jacob Fuller, Aaron Barnes, Aaron Rice, Jr.; clerk,
Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young.

18.31. Trustees, Isaac M. Morgan, Andrew Dil.ow, Aaron Rice, Jr. ;
clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young.

1832. Trustees, Joseph McCrary, Thomas Patrick, Ebba Wilcox;
clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young.

1833. Trustees Joseph McCrary, Edward Rust, Belah Norton; clerk,
Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy Young.

1834. Trustees, Andrew Dillow, Ebba W ilcox, Aaron Rice, Jr. ; clerk,
Charles Morgan; treasiu-er, Darius Robinson.

1835. Trustees, James S. Foster, Ebba Wilcox, Edmund M. Bartlett;
clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Charles Morgan.

1836. Trustees, Isaac M. Morgan, Eli Osborne, Asa Fenn ; clerk, Wm.
G. Green; treasurer, Theodore Breck.

1837. Trustees, Joseph Bardwell, Lemuel Bourne, Charles, Morgan;
clerk, Theo. Breck; treasurer, Daniel Currier.

1838. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Russia Bayley, Charles Morgan;
clerk, Theo. Breck; treasurer, Daniel Currier.

1839. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Wm. Burt, Charles Morgan ; clerk;
Theo. Breck; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell.

1840. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Albert P. Teachout. Charles Morgan;
clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bai'dwell.

1841. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Andrew Dillow, Charles Morgan,
clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell.

1842. Trustees, Ebba Wilcox. Samuel Wallace, Hugh Stevenson;
clerk, A. J. Snow ; treasurer, C . L. Young.

1843. Trustees, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt, Eliphalet Wyatt; clerk,
Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight.

1844. Trustees, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt, Cai-y Oakes; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight.

1845. Trustees. C P. Rich, Lorenzo Wyatt, Cary Oakes; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight.

1846. Trustees, C. P. Rich, Lorenzo Wyatt, I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo
W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell.

1847. Trustees, C. P. Rich, John Fitzwater. I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell.

1848. Trustees, B. M. Bartlett, Edward Rush, Wm. Barr; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack.

1849. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Russ Snow; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack.

1860. Trustees, 0. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Russ Snow; clerk, George
W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack.

1851. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasui-er, C. C. Chapin, Jr.

1852. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt: clerk, Wm.
W. Wright; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr.

1863. Trustees, C. B. Rich, Aaron Rice, Moses Hunt; clerk, Wm. W
Wright; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr.

1854. Trustees, C. B. Rich, Aaron Rice, John Fitzwater; clerk, John
Coates; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr.

1855. Trustees, Theodore Breck, Moses Hunt, John Fitzwater; clerk,
R. W. Fairchild ; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr.

1858. Trustees, Theodore Breck, Mosts Hunt, John Fitzwatar; clerk
James H. Coates; treasurer, C. C Chapin, Jr.

1867. Trustees, Theo. Breck, Orrin Miller, Peter Goodel; clerk, Geo.
W. Oakes; treasurer, John S. Thomas.

1868. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Orrin Miller, Peter Goodel; clerk, George
W. Oakes; treasurer, John S. Thomas.

1859. Trustees, Moses Hunt, John Fitzwater, Charles Bateman; clerk,
Asa Reynolds; treasurer, J ohn S. Thomas,

1860. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, Levi Booth, Jr.; clerk, E.
H. Ely; treasurer, M. N. Young.

1861. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, A. K. Skeels; cli'rk. Asa
Reynolds; treasurer, M. N. Young.

1862. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter DiUow, O. W. Newcomb; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, M. N. Young.

1863. Trustees, Daniel Stocker, Peter Dillow, O. W. Newcomb; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, William Barr.

1864. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Fi-ancis Oakes, C. M. Allen; clerk, Chas.
S. Burt: treasurer, J. H. Coates.

1865. Trustees, H. H. Snow, O. W". Newcomb, C. M. Allen; clerk, Chas.
S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates.

1866. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Charles
S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates.

1867. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Charles S.
Burt; treasurer. J. H. Coates.

1868. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, Alonzo Watkins; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates.

1869. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Emmet Boyd, Henry Ingham; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, Theodore Breck.

1870. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Emmet Boyd, Henry Ingham; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, Theodore Breck.

414

TI-IE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1871. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk,
Charles S. Burt ; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1873. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1873. Trustees. Henry M. Oakes, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1874. Ti-ustees, L. F. Wyatt, L. E. Ring, Julius While; clerk, Charles
S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1875. Trustees, Andrew Butler, L. E. Ring, Ira Fitzwater; clerk, Chas.
S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1876. Ti ustees, Julius White, M. I. Morgan, Ira Fitzwater; clerk Chas,
S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1877. Trustees, Julius White, Lewis T. Rust, Ira Fitzwater; clerk
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1878. Trustees, Julius White, M. I. Morgan, Ira Fitzwater; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates.

1879. Trustees, Julius White, J. A. Fitzwater, Ira Fitzwater; clerk,
Charles S. Burt; treasurer, H. E. Barnes.

On the 29th of April, 1872, the Irigiskture em-
powered the trustees of Brecksville to borrow money
to build a town hall, and to issue the bonds of the
township for the payment of the same. Under this
act money was procured to build a very fine hall on
the north side of the public square, at Brecksville
Center. It is constructed of brick, with a shapely bel-
fry, and was completed in 1874, at a cost of four
thousand five hundred and twenty-two dollars.

In 1878 the trustees of the township made the fol-
lowing levies: For township purposes, Ihrce-tcnthsof
a mill; for roads, one and one-fourth mills; iov grad-
ing hills, two-tenths of a mill; forbridges, one-tenth
of a mill; for a poor fund, four-tenths of a mill; and
for a vault, one mill. The latter has been erected at
the center, and the cemeteries controlled by the
township indicate a careful attention.

Brecksville has good roads, and the streams are
well bridged. The Valley railroad will pass through
the township and supply rapid communication; just
across the river good shipping facilities are afforded by
the canal.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

Owing to the limited water power, but little manu-
facturing has been carried on in the township. The
first machinery of any kind operated by water-power
was in the loggrist mill, put up at the center by
Lemuel Hoadley in 1813. The burr stones were of
common granite, found in the woods near by, and
may yet be seen near the site of the old mill. In 1820
Ezra Wyatt put up a famed gristmill at this point,
and also built a sawmill. In the course of time
Robert Pritchard supplied steam power. Only a grist-
mill is operated there at present. It was built by the
present proprietor, Thomas Dunbar, and is supplied
with two runs of stone.

Below this point, on the Chippewa, sawmills were
built in former days, by Ambrose & Ebba Wilcox,
by Young & Allen, and by Abbott & Bostwick!
Above the center sawmills were also erected byRufus
Newell and Samuel Varney. All have been discon-
tinued. In the northern part of the township, on a
small brook, John Randall built a. gristmill which is
at present operated by Antoine Eckenfells. Near
this place, on the west side of the State road, is a
large building in which Jackson Janes once had a

cloth-dressing establishment. Subsequently wooden
ware was made there, but the building has long been
unused.

Tanneries have been carried on by Darius Robin-
son, above the center; by Seward & Higgins, at that
place, and by George Curtis, on the Spring brook,
but these, too, have long since passed away. Joseph
Edgarton and Ely Osborne had distilleries many
years ago, and George Poote carried on the manufac-
ture of buckskin mittens at the center. For the past
eight years a cheese factory has been successfully op-
erated there, and this and the mills at present con-
stitute the only manufacturing interests of the town-
ship.

THE TILLAGE OF BRECKSVILLE.

This is on the south bank of the Chippewa near
the center of the township, and is sometimes called
Brecksville Center. It is the only village in the
township. It has a pleasant location, and contains
the town hall, a very handsome school building, a
Presbyterian and a Methodist church, a number of
fine residences, and the stores, etc. noted below.

T. J. Allen was the first postmaster of the Brecks-
ville ofSce, which received at that time one mail per
week. The successive postmasters have been Chaun-
cey L. Young, Asa Reynolds and J. H. Coates. The
office at present has three mails per week from Cleve-
land, distant seventeen miles.

Charles Morgan had the first store in the place, at
the stand now occupied by J. H. Coates. The inter- ,
mediate merchants there were William Towsley, E.
and T. Breck, Breck & Humphrey, and Ailing &
Fail-child. The brick store was put up by Chauncey
L. Young about 1857, and Young & Clark were the
first to engage in the mercantile business. J. J.
Barms is the present occupant of that stand. A
drug store and a harness shop were opened in the
same building several years ago by Chauncey Ells-
worth, and are still carried on by him.

The first public house was kept by Isaac Packard in
a log building which stood on the site of the Presby-
terian church. Ezra Wyatt also entertained travelers
at his house near the mill. John Randall built the
present tavern in 1839, but it was first used as a resi-
dence. George N. Hollis has been an innkeeper there
many years.

Dr. Chester Wait was the first physician of the
township, and was in practice from about 1813 until
his removal to Brooklyn. Dr. Isaac M. Morgan came
in 1818, and practiced until his death. In the same
period Drs. Gibbs and Cleveland followed their pro-
fession. Dr. Edward Buck was in practice many
years before his death in 1859, and had a contempo-
rary in Dr. William Knowlton. The latter was fol-
lowed by his son, Augustus, and he in turn, by an-
other son, the present Dr. William Knowlton.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The first school in the township was taught at the
center by Oriana Paine, and was attended by children

<^L

U?~Tf.i^

~r>

Moses Mathews, a worthy son of old Vermont,
was born at New Haven, Addison Co., Feb. 16, 1804,
his parents being Joseph and Polly Mathews. His
father was engaged in farming, and in that occupa-
tion, in connection with bricklaying and plastering,
Moses passed his early years. In 1823 he left his
native State for Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.,
but finally located at Madrid, in that county, where
he purchased property. While a resident of St. Law-
rence County he was married, June 23, 1824, to Miss
Betsey Perry, a native of the town of his birth.
She was born Feb. 4, 1805. In 1832 he became
satisfied that he could improve his condition in life
by emigrating West, and in that year he settled in
the town of Parma, Cuyahoga Co., where he re-
mained till 1838, when he removed to Brecksville,
and purchased a farm of ninety acres. He has been
successful in accumulating wealth, and is emphat-
ically a self-made man.

His landed property at one time amounted to two

hundred and twenty-two acres, but he has made a
partial distribution among his children, and now re-
sides on one hundred and forty acres, a part of which
was his original purchase. The result of his mar-
riage was three sons, viz. : Henry, born May 16,
1825, who was a soldier in the late war, held the
rank of first lieutenant, and died July 27, 1869 ;
George, born Sept. 7, 1826, and now a farmer, re-
siding in the town of Eoyalton ; Joseph, born Sept.
7, 1828, and now residing at Denver, Col.

Losing his wife Feb. 24, 1870, Mr. Mathews
was married again, June 18, 1871, to Miss Arasis
A. Kannals, a native of Logan Co., Ohio. Politi-
cally he has been a life-long Democrat, having cast
his first presidential vote for Andrew Jackson. He
is one of the oldest men in Brecksville, and, though
nearly fourscore years of age, is as healthy and rugged
as many a man in the prime of life. He is in truth
a worthy example of the hardy pioneers who over-
come the dangers and obstacles of frontier life.

fiRECKSVlLLE.

415

from the Hoadley, Adams, Bradford and Wait fami-
lies. Mrs. Benjamin Wait was also an early teacher
there. In 1819 a good log building was put up in
this locality for school and church purposes. In 1826
the township had three districts, No. 1 having thirty-
seven householders; No. 3, twenty-five householders;
and No. 3, twenty householders. These districts were
soon after divided so as to provide schools in every
neighborhood. The buildings were at first of logs,
but as the country was developed these were super-
seded by framed houses; and nearly all these, in turn,
have given way to neat and comfortable brick edifices.
The one at the center was erected in 1874, at a cost
of $4,000, and is a model of architectural beauty.
For its size it has no superior in the country.

In 1878 the township reported nine buildings, val-
ued at $13,000. Ten schools were maintained at an
expense of $2,387.75. Twenty-eight weeks of school
were taught by nine female and seven male teachers,
whose average wages were $30.00 per month. The
pupils enrolled numbered; of boys one hundred and
eighty, of girls one hundred and twelve, and the aver-
age attendance was eighty-three per cent.

THE FIRST CONGEEGATIOlirAL (OR PRESBYTERIAN)
CHURCH.

In the summer of 1816 the Eev. Wm. Hanford,
in the employ of the Connecticut Missionary Society,
began preaching in Brecksville, and on the 13th of
July organized the First Congregational Church of
Brecksville, with sixteen members, namely: John
Adams, Lemuel Hoadley, Chloe Hoadley, John Wait,
Bolter Colson, Harriet Colson, Hannah Paine, Ly-
man J. Frost, Oriana Frost, Zelpha Wait, Lucy Wil-
cox, James Dickson, Mary Dickson, Joseph Eice,
Orrin Wilcox and Abigail Wilcox. These elected
Lyman J. Frost as the first clerk. No deacon was
chosen until October 1, 1831, when Bolter Colson
was ordained to that office; and the church had no
regular pastor until 1840, when Rev. Newton Barrett
was ordained and installed.

The Eev. Wm. Hanford supplied the church until
1833, coming from Hudson every four weeks, and
under his ministration the membership increased
to forty-six. The next supply was the Eev. Isaac
Shaler, who continued until 1839. For the next
four years the Eev. J. H. Breck was the supply; but
in 1833 he was succeeded by Eev. Joseph Pepoon,
who remained until 1834. That year came Eev.
Chester Chapin, and continued until 1837.

On the 7th of April, 1840, the Eev. Newton Bar-
rett was installed as pastor, and maintained that rela-
tion until 1848. Since that time the pas';or and sup
plies have been the following: 1848-53, Eev. W. S.
Kennedy; 1853-4, Eev. Lucius Smith; 1855-8, Eev.
C. B. Stevens; 1859-61, P. S. Hillyer; 1863-6, Eev.
Thomas Towler; 1868-70, Eev. Hubbard Lawrence;
1871-4, Rev. G. C. Eeed; 1875-9, Eev. J. McK. Pit-
tinger, and since May, 1879, Rev. John M. Davies.

The first meetings were held at the house of Hosea

Bradford, near the square. In 1819 a log school-
house was built, on what was afterwards known as
the Deacon Hannum place, which was used until the
fall of 1 830, when a small framed house was built
for a church, at a cost of $300. A better place of
worship being demanded, the "First Congregational
Society" w:as formed, under the laws of the State, on
the 31st of June, 1834, to attend to the temporal
affairs of the church. The first officers were Belah
Norton, Wm. H. Judd and Wm. Breckenridge, trus-
tees; William Oakes, secretary; Philip Gass, treas-
urer; and Darius Lyman, collector.

In addition to the foregoing the constitution was
signed by Bolter Colson, Moses Hunt, Cary Oakes,
E. M. Bartlett, Peter Goodell, Moses Boynton, Fran-
cis Oakes, Augustus Adams, William Burt, Theodore
Breck, Giles Kellogg, Otis Pomeroy, C. Hannum,
Jason Jones, Edward Rust, John L. Thomas, and
others. The present trustees of the society are L. T.
Rust, 0. P. Foster, 0. P. Hunt, Michael Eudgers
and B. Van Noate; L. B. Ring is the clerk, and J.
H. Coates treasurer.

In the fall of 1834 the meeting house was removed
to a place near the present cemetery by a committee
composed of Thomas Patrick, Jared Clark, Dorus
Lyman, Daniel Currier and William Burt. Ten
years later, work was begun on the present church
edifice, under the direction of the following building
committee: Augustus Adams, Cary Oakes, Theodore
Breck, Joseph Bardwell and E. M. Bartlett. It was
completed at a cost of about $3,000, and was dedi-
cated October 30, 1844. Subsequent repairs have
rendered the house comfortable and attractive, and
together with the parsonage, erected in 1843, it con-
stitutes a very good church property. In 1876 the
church became Presbyterian in form, and so remains
to this day. The present ruling elders are Henry
Dunbar, Moses Hunt and Talcott Starr. The former
is also clerk of the session. The church has a mem-
bei'ship of one hundred and five, and since 1833 has
regularly maintained a Sunday school, which at pres-
ent has one hundred and thirty members. L. T.
Rust is its superintendent. In 1866 Augustus Adams,
a member of the church, donated $500 to the Ameri-
can Tract Society, on condition that that body should
furnish thirty dollars worth of books yearly to the
Sunday school in question. A very good library is
maintained.

Some of the other religious denominations held
public worship in the township at quite an early
day, and some time after 1830 the Methodists organ-
ized themselves into a class, the names of whose
members, owing to the absence of records, cannot
be here given. In 1836 the present meeting house at
the center was erected, and has been the place of
worship of the

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

of Brecksville, and some of the adjoining townships,
ever since. It has lately been repaired, and is a com-

416

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtJYAEOGA COUNTY.

^J.

forfcable place of worship. Tiie trustees who control
it are A. Watkins, A. C. Hitchcock, L. P. Wyatt
and James Cleveland. The three first-named are also
the stewards of the church. The society at Brecks-
Yille has been connected with other Methodist stations
in Eichfield and Royalton in forming a circuit, but
at present is only connected with the church in the
latter township. The circuit is supplied by the Rev.
Moses B. Mead, of Baldwin University. The mem-
bership of the church is small, numbering but sixteen
persons. The cla.ss leader is L. Norvill. The Sun-
day school has sixty members, A. C. Hitchcock being
the superintendent.

CHAPTER LXXI.

BKOOKLTK.

Boundaries and Soil— First Private Proprietors—" Granger Hill "—The
First " Squatter "—The First Permanent Settler— Isaiah Fish, the First
Child— Going Ten Miles to Work- Abundant Rattlesnakes- E. ^& M.
Fish— The Oldest Inhabitant— The Brainards — A Fish and Brainard
Settlement — First Framed House— An Avalanche of Emigration — More
Brainards— Fears of Paupers— Trying to mortgage a Farm for Flour-
First Settlers at Brighton— Some More Brainards— The Aikens— Other
Settlers— Early Mills— Civil Orpanization— List of Ofilcers— Brooklyn
Methodist Episcopal Church— First Congregational Church— Brighton
Methodist Church— Church of the Lady>of the Sacred Heart — Disciple
Congregation — Early Schools — Present Schools — Brooklyn Village
Schools — West Cleveland Schools — Brooklyn Academy — Brighton
Academy — Brighton Village— Brooklyn Village— Its Officers- West
Cleveland — Its Officers- Industrial School Farm— Linndale— Ceme-
teries—Post Offices— Cleveland Dryer Company— Lake Erie Dryer
Company— Other Manufactures — Nurseries— Eailways—Glenn Lodge
I. O. O. F.— Glenn Encampment — Brooklyn Lodge F. & A. M.— Militia
Companies— Brooklyn Hook and Ladder Company.

Brooklyn" township, which joins the city of Cleve-
land on the west and south, is a part of range thirteen,
in which it is township number seven. It included
originally all that part of the territory of the city of
Cleveland lying on the west side of the Cuyahoga river,
which, along with what now comprises Brooklyn, was
set ofi from Cleveland township to form the township
of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's boundaries are the city of
Cleveland and Lake Erie on the north, the townships
of Parma and Independence on the south, the city of
Cleveland and Newburg township on the east, and the
township of Rockport on the west. It contains four
villages, Brooklyn, "West Cleveland, Brighton and
Linndale, of which the former two are incorporated.

The Cuyahoga river skirts the eastern part of the
township on the east, and separates it from Newburg.
Its other water courses are unimportant creeks, which,
though once valuable as mill streams, are now of nc
use for that purpose. The land is generally fertile
and farms are valuable, especially near the Cleveland
line, where attention is given to the cultivation o;
fruit and garden products; the former industry beinr
profitably followed near the lake shore, and the latte:
near Brooklyn village.

In the division of the Western Reserve, as narratet'.
in the general history, the greater part of Brooklyn,
including the present West Side of Cleveland, fell t(
Richard and Samuel Lord tmd .Josiah Barber, fron.

one or the other, or all, of whom the early settlers
purchased their farms.

EABLT SETTLEMENT.

A grassy slope overlooking the Cuyahoga river from
Riverside cemetery, and known to this day as
' Granger Hill," is the spot where the territory subse-
quently occupied by the township of Brooklyn received
its first white settler. Granger was a "squatter"
from Canada, but when he squatted upon his Brooklyn
land is not exactly known. He was there, at all
events, in May, 1813, when James Fish entered what
is now Brooklyn township, as the first of the perma-
nent white settlers of that territory. Granger had
with him his son, Samuel, and the two remained until
1815, when they sold their improvements to Asa
Brainard and migrated to the Maumee country.

James Eish, above mentioned, had been a resident
of Groton, Connecticut, and, having purchased a piece
of land of Lord & Barber in the present township of
Brooklyn, he set out from Groton in the summer of
1811 with an ox-team and a lumber wagon, in which
rode himself, his three children, his wife and her
mother. He journeyed west in company with a large
party of pioneers, but the only ones besides himself
destined for Brooklyn were his two cousins, Moses
and Ebenezer Fish — the latter of whom made the en-
tire trip on foot. Arriving at Cleveland early in the
autumn, after forty-seven days on the road, James
Fish decided to pass the winter in Newburg, while
Ebenezer and Moses remained in Cleveland. Early
in the spring of 1813 James went over from Newburg
alone and put up a log-house that cost him just
eighteen dollars, and in May of that year he took his
family to their new home. Their log cabin was, of
course, a rude structure, and its furniture was in
keeping with the house. The bedstead — for there was
only one at first — was manufactured by the head of
the family, and was composed of roughly hewn pieces
of wood, fastened with wooden pins, and having in lieu
of a bed cord a net work made of strips of bark. This
bedstead is still in the possession of Isaiah W., a son
of James Fish, who resides in Brooklyn village upon
the place originally occupied by his father. Isaiah W.
Fish, just mentioned, was born in Brooklyn, May 9,
1814, and was the first white child born in the new
settlement.

James Fish began at once to clear his land, but
while waiting for a crop his family must needs have
something to eat. Mr. Fish had noncash, and so he
used to go over to Newburg two or three times a week,
and work there at farming for fifty cents a day.
Thus he managed to reach the harvest season, when
from the first fruits of his land he secured a little
money. It is, however, a question whether he could
have carried his family through the winter, had it not
been for the assistance of his wife, who to her other
duties added that of weaving coverlids, by which she
earned a -goodly sum, and in which she became so

^c^-U.^^ ^^ ^^^

The first known ancestor of Tsaiah "W. Pish was John Pish,
who is supposed to have emigrated from England and settled
at Mystic, in Groton, Conn. His son was Capt. Samuel
Pish, and his son was also Samuel Pish. The son of the lat-
ter was Capt. John Pish, and his son was Joseph Pish,
grandfather of Isaiah W.

The first person who settled in what is now the village of
Prooklyn was James Pish, father of the subject of this sketch,
who came from Connecticut in the year 1811, being forty-seven
^ays on the road. He was a native of Connecticut, having
been born in Groton, in June, 1783. In 1812 he built a log
hut, on the site of which stands a handsome farm-house now
occupied by his son, Isaiah W. At the time of his settle-
ment, being in straightened circumstances, he was obliged
to walk to Newburg, a distance of five miles, daily, where he
worked days' work, receiving in payment for the same sundry
provisions at the rate of fifty cents per day. Some time after-
wards he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, but
not being able to pay the taxes on the same, though small, he
sold all but fifty acres to Aziah Brainurd. Subsequently he took
up eighty acres one mile north of his first purchase. It is re-
lated that during the progress of the battle of Lake Brie he was
at work cutting logs, and the distant roar of cannon could be dis-
tinctly heard. Thinking of how they would lose their hard-
earned homesteads should victory be on the side of the English,
he became so nervous that he quit work and entered the cabin,
where the " women folks" were assembled. They knew
nothing of the desperate combat that was being carried on
so close to them, and exclaimed: "How ft do thunder!"
" Yes," replied Mr. Pish, " but it is home-made thunder."

Mr. Pish lived to the extreme age of ninety-two years, his
death occurring in September, 1875. He had shared all the
privations and dangers of the first pioneers, and lived to
witness the wonderful growth and development of the country
which he had found an unbroken wilderness. As a citizen

he was quiet, sober, and industrious, working for the good
of his family and the community in which he lived, but
shrinking from public notice. He was an earnest Christian,
and for thirty years a member of the Methodist Church. In
1805 he married Mary Wilcox, daughter of Elisha Wilcox,
of Stonington, Conn. They had eight children, namely, —
Mary, James, Elisha, Sally, Isaiah W., Lydia K., Joseph L.,
and John P. The first four were born in Connecticut ; the
fifth, Isaiah W., was the first white person born in Brooklyn,
his birth occurring on the 9th of May, 1814. His early life
was mostly spent in working on his father's farm. He re-
ceived but a limited education.

February, 1837, he married Matilda Gates, daughter of
Jeremiah Gates, of Brooklyn. He then engaged in farming
in partnership with his father, with whom he resided until
the death of the latter. He has been prominently connected
with the religious, civil, and educational interests of the
town. Por fifty-two years he has been a member of the
Methodist Church, and has labored actively in the cause of
Christianity. For a period of twenty-three years he has been
a regularly ordained minister, and has preached the gospel
without receiving any pecuniary compensation, his services
being freely given. He has also been for many years a teacher
in the Sunday-schools. Has been president of the school
board for four years, and has always been active in the sup-
port of schools and of charitable institutions.

In politics he is a Eepublican, and, although he has never
sought political preferment, he has been elected to various
local ofllces of trust, the duties of which he has discharged
with uniform ability.

The result of his first marriage was three children, — Lucy
A., Charles, and Buell B. Mrs. Pish died in February, 1850.
He was again married, on the 5th of July, 1850, to Mary A.

More, of East Cleveland, by whom he has two daughters,

Mary M. and Louisa S. ; also one son, James, deceased.

BROOKLYN.

417

celebrated that she found the demand far beyond her
power to supply.

When Mr. Pish set out for Newburg on his peri-
odical journeys, he left his family the sole occupants
of a wilderness in which there were no residents nearer
than Cleveland, and, knowing full well their fears and
the good reasons for them, he returned to them faith-
fully each night, albeit, his trips were always made
on foot, and covered ten long miles. Such trips, too,
he frequently made on subsequent occasions, when,
needing flour or meal, he would shoulder a two
bushel bag full of corn, trudge to the Newburg mill,
and get back with his meal the same day.

Mr. Pish was a great hunter and slayer of rattle-
snakes, which were found in immense numbers, and
occasionally reared their ugly fronts through open-
ings in the rude floors of the settlers' cabins. It is told
of one of Mr. Pisli's farm hands in the early days,
that on narrowly escaping the attack of a rattlesnake
he joyously and thankfully exclaimed: "What a
smart idea it was in God Almighty to put bells on
them things!" Mr. Pish lived a useful and honored
life in Brooklyn, saw cities and villages rise where
once he trode the pathless forest, and at the age
of ninety-three passed away from earth, on the old
homestead, in September, 1875, his wife having pro-
ceeded him twenty-one years.

Ebenezer and Moses Pish, who have already been
mentioned as spending the winter of 1811-13 in
Cleveland, followed James Pish to Brooklyn in the
spring of 1812, and settled upon eighty acres lying
just south of James Pish's place— Ebenezer locating
on the north side of what is known as Newburg
street, and Moses on the south side. Neither was
then married, but, as both expected to be, they
worked with a will to prepare their land for cultiva-
tion, both living in a log shanty on Ebenezer's land.
Ebenezer was one of the militiamen who guarded
Omic, the Indian murderer who was hung in Cleve-
land in June, 1813, as related in the general history.
Both also served a few months in the forces called
out to guard the frontier during the first year of the
war of 1813. Returning to their clearings, they vig-
orously renewed their pioneer life. Moses was drafted
into the military service, but he was far from being
strong, and therefore Ebenezer went in his stead, serv-
ing six months and taking part in an engagement at
Mackinaw Island.

After the war closed Ebenezer returned to Connecti-
cut, where he was married and where he remained six
years before resuming his residence in Brooklyn.
There Mr. Pish has ever since lived, and in his ninety-
third year is still a dweller upon his old homestead;
the only one now living of the little band of pioneers
who began the settlement of Brooklyn.

Of the children of Moses Pish, Ozias and Lorenzo

reside in Brooklyn, while others are in the far West.

Following the Pish families in 1813 came Ozias

Brainard, of Connecticut, with four grown daughters

and four sons, Ozias, Jr., Timothy, Ira and Bethuel,

of whom Ozias, Jr., and Ira had families. They set-
tled on the Newburg road, near where Brooklyn vil-
lage now is, on adjoining places, and all resided in
Brooklyn during the remainder of their lives. David
S. Brainard, a son of Ozias, Jr., now resides in Cleve-
land near the county infirmary. At this time, as will
have been observed, Brooklyn township was peopled
exclusively by Pishes and Brainards, and it used to be
a common story in Cleveland that "the visitor to
Brooklyn might be certain that the first man he'd
meet would be a Pish or a Brainard."

Ozias Brainard, Jr., put up the first framed dwell-
ing in Brooklyn, on the place now occupied by his son
David, and Asa Brainard raised the first framed barn,
which is still in use on the farm of Carlos Jones, the
erection of which, in 1818 or before, was the occasion
of a hilarious celebration. Asa Brainard also built the
first brick house in the old township of Brooklyn at
what is now the junction of Columbus and Scranton
avenues, where he opened the first public tavern in
that township, about 1835.

The autumn of 1814 witnessed a large and import-
ant accession to the little settlement when six families,
comprising forty persons, came thither from Connec-
ticut within a week; thirty-one of them landing
within the same hour. These were the families of
Isaac Hinckley, Asa Brainard, Elijah Young, Stephen
Brainard, Enos Brainard and Warren Brainard, all of
whom had been residents of Chatham, Middlesex
county, Connecticut. All exchanged their farms
there with Lord & Barber for land in "New Oonnec-
ticnt," and all set out for that unknown land on the
same day. The train consisted of six wagons,
drawn by hen horses and six oxen, and all journeyed
together until Euclid was reached (forty days after
leaving Chatham), where Isaac Hinckley and his
family rested, leaving the others to push on to Brook-
lyn, whither he followed them within a week.

It appears that the trustees of the township of
Cleveland— to which the territory of Brooklyn then
belonged — became alarmed at the avalanche of emi-
grants just described, and concluding .that they were
a band of paupers, for whose support the township
would be taxed, started a constable across the river to
warn the invaders out of town. Alonzo Carter, a
resident of Cleveland, heard of the move, and stop-
ped it by endorsing the good standing of the new-
comers—adding that the alleged paupers were worth
more money than all the trustees of Cleveland com-
bined.

Isaac Hinckley settled in the southeast on lot
seventy-nine, near where the line between Parma and
Independence intersects the south line of Brooklyn,
in the heart of a tliick forest, " a mile from anybody "
as his son, Abel, now says. The first table the family
used there was made by Mr. Hinckley out of an ash
tree. Moreover, although he owned three hundred
and sixty acres of laud, he had no money to buy flour,
and, being in great need of breadstuffs, he offered to
mortgage a hundred acres of land as security for a

418

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COtJNTY.

barrel of flour. The Newburg miller, however, pre-
ferred the flour to the chance of getting the land, for
the former would bring money more readily than the
latter. Nevertheless something to eat was procured
in some way, for Mr. Hinckley lived on the old place
until 1851, when he died at the age of seventy-
eight.

Asa Brainard located near the site of the infirmary,
Stephen Brainard on a place adjoining Mr. Abel
Hinckley's present residence in Brooklyn village, and
Enos and Warren Brainard near where the Wade
House (on Columbus street) now stands.

The first settlers upon what is now known as the
Brighton side of the creek were also Brainard s. Two
brothers, Amos and Jedediah, with a cousin named
Jabin, started with their families from Connecticut
and traveled westward together as far as Ashtabula,
where Jedediah, an old man of seventy, fell ill (in
consequence, doubtless, of having walked all the way
from Connecticut) and died. Sylvanus, his eldest
son, who had a family of his own, took charge of his
mother and her children, and, with Amos and Jede-
diah, continued the trip to Brooklyn, where they
arrived in the summer of 1814. Amos located about
a mile south of what is now Brighton village, where
he owned three hundred acres of land. Sylvanus
and Jabin settled near by.

Amos had three sons and one daughter, Amos B.,
William, Demas and Philena — all of wliom save Demas
died m the township. Demas is now a hale old man
of eighty-eight, and resides on a farm a mile south-
east of Brighton — the place which he made his home
in 1818.

George and Thomas Aikens, brothers of Mrs. Amos
Brainard, had preceded tliat gentleman by a year or
more, and had taken up land on the Brighton side,
but the Aikens family did not occupy it until some
time afterward. This land Amos Brainard culti-
vated for the Aikens, and on that farm, by Demas
Brainard, the first ground was broken on the south
side of the creek. Cyril and Irad, sons of George
Aikens, lived on the place after a time. Cyril died
there and Irad in Black Eiver, whither he moved at
an early day. George and Thomas Aikens resided on
the Brooklyn side, near the site of the infirmary,
where George Aikens, the grandson of the former
George, now resides.

One of the stirring citizens of early Brooklyn was
Diodate Clark, of Connecticut, who settled in the
township in 1815, and was afterward a man of some
prominence in its history. He was the first male
school teacher in Brooklyn, and was a wide-awake
business man. He eventually became concerned in
large enterprises in Cleveland, where it is said he was
the first to engage m the lime trade. He died on his
old homestead in 1877.

James Sears, of Connecticut, settled in Brooklyn
in 1817, and still lives — now aged eighty — upon a
farm two miles west of Brooklyn village. He worked
at first in Cleveland, and boarded with Asa Brainard.

After a time he took up a farm and has lived upon it
ever since.

Jeremiah Gates, originally from Connecticut, made
his home in Delhi, New York, in 1815, and in 1816
walked from that place to Brooklyn for the purpose
of examining the country. Satisfied with its appear-
ance he walked back to Delhi (having occupied six
weeks in the entire journey), married there, and in
company with his wife, his brother Nathaniel, and
another man (who soon returned east) set out for
Brooklyn. A horse and wagon conveyed them to
Buffalo, where they took a vessel and thus made their
way to Cleveland. Jeremiah was too poor to buy
land, and for the first two years after his arrival in
Brooklyn worked in Philo Scovill's sawmill. In 1819
he assisted his brother Nathaniel in the erection of a
sawmill at what is known as five-mile lock. In 1830
he bought a farm in Brooklyn and there continued to
reside until his death, in 1870. His widow survives
him, and lives on the old place, in Brighton village,
aged eighty-five.

Kichard and Samuel Lord and Josiah Barber, of the
firm of Lord and Barber before mentioned, removed
to that part of Brooklyn which is now the west side
of Cleveland as early as. 1818, and resided there until
they died. Edwin Foote was among the early resi-
dents of Brooklyn, as was his brother William, who
remained but a short time, however, before removing
to Cleveland. Edwin settled on lot ninety, in the
southeast corner of the township, and devoted himself
to farming and gardening, in which latter occupation
he was especially successful.

Ansel P. Smith, who set up the first wagon shop in
Brooklyn, came out from Connecticut, in 1830, with
his brother-in-law, Timothy Standard, an old sea cap-
tain, and together they opened a store in Brooklyn
village, the first one in that locality. After an expe-
rience of five years they gave up the venture — Smith
going west and Standard back to Connecticut. After
that, there was not much done in the mercantile line
in Brooklyn village until 1843, when A. W. Poe
opened a store and conducted it successfully for thirty
years. A Mr. Huntington, from Connecticut, opened
a store in Brighton in 1840, where John Thorne, a
Frenchman, had previously started a blacksmith shop.
Epaphroditus Ackley, a miller, settled on Walworth
run in 1814, woi-ked a while in Barber's mill, and
moved away after a residence of some years. Asa
Ackley, of New York, located at a later period near
where the infirmary now stands, and opened the first
blacksmith shop on the Brooklyn side.

In the foregoing sketch of Brooklyn's early settle-
ment it has been the aim of the chronicler to treat
principally of such incidents and persons as were iden-
tified with the first decade of the township's his"tory.
After that, settlers multiplied so rapidly that the
newcomers obtained no distinctive place in the records
of the time. Those who lead the van in the settle-
ment of a new country usually form but a handful,
whose numbers may be easily counted, and whose

BROOKLYN.

419

progress may be easily traced; and they, too, are the
ones around whom settles the peculiar interest which
always attaches to the " pioneers " of a locality.

Brooklyn, being adjacent to Cleveland, shared to
some extent the prosperity of that city, and its pro-
gress, after about 1825, was quite rapid. Although
shorn of a large part of its original territory, by the
annexation of Ohio City to Cleveland in 1854, and by
subsequent minor encroachments, it is still numerously
populated, and is not only a prosperous but a quite
wealthy township.

EAELT MILLS.

The first sawmill put up in Brooklyn township was
erected by Philo Scovill, of Cleveland, in 1817, on
Mill creek, about two miles west of where Brooklyn
village now is. Mr. Scovill not only furnished lumber
to the early settlers, but also made window sashes and
doors. Lord & Barber (the great land proprietors,)
put up a similar mill there not long afterward, and
about the same time a third sawmill was built on the
same creek by Warren and Gershom Young. In 1819
Nathaniel Gates built a sawmill on the creek, at what
is known as five-mile lock.

The first gristmill in the old township is supposed
to have been built by one of the Kelleys, of Cleveland,
on Walworth run, near where the Atlantic and Great
Western railroad now crosses that stream. The next
one, kuown as Barber's mill, built in 1816, was run
by Elijah Young for a while, and stood about a half
a mile above Kelley's. There were some other estab-
lishments on Walworth run, but they do not concern
the history of the present township of Brooklyn.

OEGANIZATION.

Brooklyn township was organized June 1, 1818,
and embraced originally " all that part of Cleveland
situated on the west side of the Cuyahoga river, ex-
cepting a farm owned by Alfred Kelley." Since
then a large portion of its territory has been restored
to Cleveland.

It is said that when the township was about to be
organized Captain Ozias Brainard was anxious to call
it Egypt "beciiuse so much corn was raised there,"
but the idea met with no favor, and the name of
Brooklyn was adopted because it sounded well, and
not from any desire to honor the place of that name
in New York, since nearly all of the early settlers
came from Connecticut. The first book of township
records was destroyed by fire, and the list of town-
ship officers here given dates necessarily from 1837.
Since that time those officers, with the years of their
election, have been as follows:

TRUSTEES.
1837, Samuel H. Barstow, Diodate Clark, William Allen; 183(i, S. H,
Barstow, William Allen, Samuel Tyler; 1839, William Burton, Martin
Kellogg, Russell Pelton; lii40, Martin Kellogg, Russell Pelton, William
Burton; 1841, Jonathan Fish, Russell Pelton, Mai tin Kellogg; 1842, Mar-
tin Kellogg, Jonathan Fish, Benjamin Sawtell; 1843, Ezra Honeywell,
William Hartness, Philo Rowley; 1844. Morris Jackson, Ezra Honey-
well, Philo Rowley; 1845, Samuel Tyler, Samuel Storer, Levi Lookwood;
1846, Samuel Storer, E. C. Selden, Levi Lookwood; 1847, R. 0. Selden,
Samuel Storer, Philo' Rowley; 1848, Martin Kellogg, Benjamin Sawtell,
Seth Brainard; 1849, James Sears, Benjamin Sawtell, Ambrose Anthony;
1850, James Sears, Francis Branch, Ambrose Anthony.

1851, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears. Francis Branch; 1852, Francis
Branch, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears; 1853, Ambrose Anthony,
James Sears, Francis Branch; 1854, John Morrill, James Sears, Homer
Strong; 1855, Clark S. Gates, John Goes, James Sears; 1856, David S.
Brainard, Martin Kellogg, John L. Johnson; 1857, D. S. Brainard, Alfred
Kellogg, J. L. Johnson; 1858, C. L. Gates, Alfred Kellogg, James Sears;
1859, Alfred Kellogg, James Sears, John Reeve; 1860, James Sears, John
Reeve, Alfred Kellogg.

1861, Francis S. Pelton, John Reeve, Martin K. Rowley; 1863, Thomas
James, James W. Day, M. K. Rowley; 1853, Joseph Marmann, Alfred
Kellogg, Levi Fish; 1864, Alfred Kellogg, Levi Fish, William Lehr (re-
signed in November, and James Sears appointed. The latter resigned in
December, and Francis S. Pelton was appointed). 1865, Jacob Siringer,
F. S. Pelton, John Ross; 1866, Jacob Siringer, John Ross, Jacob Hum;
1867, Jacob Siringer, John Ross, Marcus Dennerlie; 1868, Jefferson Fish,
Samuel Sears, Bethuel Fish; 1869, Jefferson Fish. Samuel Sears, David
S. Brainard ; 1870, Jefferson Fish, John Myers, Samuel Sears.

1871, Robert Curtiss, John Meyer, Daniel W. Hoyt; 1872, John Meyer,
Erhart Wooster, Robert Curtiss; 1873, Erhart Wooster, J. C. Wait, Car-
ter Stiokney; 1874, Robert Curtiss, D. W. Hoyt, J. C. Wait; 1875, John
Williams, John Schmehl, William S. Curtiss; 1876, John Williams,
Charles E. Terrell, Seymour Trowbridge; 1877, C. E. Terrell, Seymour
Trowbridge, Charles Miller ; 1878, Sanf ord R. Brainard, William Thomas,
Francis H. Chester; 1879, William Thomas, S. R. Brainard, Charles
Miller.

CLERKS.

1837, C. L. Russell; 1838 and 1839, Samuel H. Fox; 1840 '41 and '42,
Francis Fuller; 1843 and 1844, John H. Sargeant; (In September, 1844,
Sargeant removed, and George L. Chapman was appointed.) 1845,
Charles Winslow; 1846 to 1854, inclusive, C. E. Hill; 1855, F. W. Pelton;
(Resigned in July, and C. E. Hill appointed.) 1856, BoUes M. Brainard;
(Died in August, and Charles H. Babcock appointed.) 1857, C. H. Bab-
cock; 1858, Frederick Dalton; 1858, Joseph B. Shuil; 1860 and 1861,
Charles H. Babcock; 1862 and 1863, HenrylFish; 1864, F. H. Chester; 1865
and 1866, Frederick W. Wirth; 1867, F. H. Chester; 1868 and 1869, Edwin
Chester; 1870, Edward F. Fuller; 1871, B. J. Ross; 1872 to 1877, inclusive,
William Treat; 1878 and 1879, Charles N. CoUms.

TREASURERS.
1837, Ozias Brainard; 18.38, C. E. Hill; 1839, Ozias Brainard; 1840
James Ray (Resigned in November, and C. E. Hill appointed.) 1841 and
1842, C. E. Hill; 1843 and 1844, David S. Brainard; 1845, Bethuel Fish;
1846 and 1847, D. S. Brainard; 1848 and 1849, Bethuel Fish; 1850, Francis
Fuller; (Died in August, and Bethuel Fish appointed.) 1851, Elihu Cor,
bin; 1852 to 1854, inclusive, S. J. Lewis; 1855 to 1857, inclusive, William
Wilson; 1858 to 1860, inclusive, Carlos Jones; 1861, Benj. R. Beavis; 1862,
D. S. Brainard; 1863 and 1864, Ozias Fish; 1865 and 1866, F. H. Chester;
1867 to 1869, inclusive, Jacob Schneider; 1870 and 1871 Carver Stickney;
1872, John Duncan; (Died in April, and George J Duncan appointed.)
1873 to 1875, inclusive, G. J. Duncan; (Removed in November, and F. H.
Chester appointed.) 1876 and 1877, F. H. Chester; 1878 and 1879, Russell
A. Brown.

JUSTICES OP THE PEACE.

1836, George W. Marsh; 1837, C. L. Russell, William Burton; 1838, Ben-
jamin Doud, Heman A. Hurlbut; 1840, C. L. Russell; 1841, Benj. Doud,
Samuel Tyler; 1842, Scott W. Sayles; 1843, J. H. Sargent; 1844, Benjamin
Sawtell; 1845, Andrew White, Ezra R. Benton, Henry L. Whitman; 1847
Homer Strong, Samuel Storer; 1848, H. L. Whitman ; 1850, Homer Strong,
J. A. Eedington, Samuel Storer; 1852, Ezra Honeywell, Wells Porter;
1863,' Charles H. Babcock; 1855, Austin M. Case, Daniel Stephan; 1856,
Chas. H. Babcock; 1857, Felix Nicola; 1859, Chas. H. Babcock; 1860,
Felix Nicola; 1862, Chas. H. Babcock; 1863, Fehx Nicola (resigned in De-
cember, 1864); 1865, Benjamin R. Beavis, John Reeve; 1868, Chas. H.
Babcock, John S. Fish; 1871, Joseph M. Poe, Chas. H, Babcock; 1872,
Ambrose Anthony; 1874, Chas. H. Babcock, (resigned in October, 1874,)
William Treat; 1875, Ambrose Anthony; 1877, William Treat, Charles N.
Collins; 1878, Ambrose Anthony; 1879, C. N. Collins and W. Treat.

CHURCHES.

According to the best recollection of Brooklyn's
early settlers, the first religious services in the town-
ship were held by a traveling Univeralist preacher
whose name has been forgotten. He preached the
funeral sermon of the mother of James Fish in 1816,
and preached twice in Brooklyn after that event.
About that time Rev. Messrs. Booth and Goddard,
Methodist circuit riders, preached in Brooklyn, and
under the auspices of the latter, about 1817,

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF BROOKLYN

was organized in a log house which stood in the rear
of the site of the present Methodist Episcopal Church

420

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

and which was used as a town house and a place of
worship for both the Methodists and the Congrega-
tionalists.

The first Methodist Episcopal class, however, had
already been formed in 1814 at the house of Ozias
Brainard, where the Methodists used to assemble for
weekly prayer and conversation, before the coming of
any minister. Ebenezer Pish, Sylvanus Brainard and
Seth Brainard were the first three members of the
class, which, however, was shortly increased to six-
teen. Ebenezer Fish was the first class leader, and
when it was agreed to divide the class into two sec-
tions— a part, meeting on the north, and a part on
the south side of the ereek — Seth Brainard was chosen
as the second class leader.

The first presiding elder was Charles Waddell, and
the early ministers of the church were Eev. Messrs.
James Taylor, John Crawford, Solomon Meuier,
Adam Poe, H. 0. Sheldon, James Mclntire, — Dick-
son, Elmore Yoknm, — Hazard, — Howe. The
later pastors have been Eev. Messrs. N. S. Albright,
Joseph Mattock, Alfred Holbrook and the Eev. Mr.
Hoadley, the latter being the pastor September 1,
1879.

The church has now a membership of one hundred.
The trustees are A. W. Poe, J. W. Fish, Ozias Fish,
H. Eichardson, E. Pelton, L. C Foster, S. E. Brain-
ard and J. Tompkins. The class leaders are George
Storer, S. Strowbridge, J. Tompkins, W. Woodard,
S. Wallace, A. W. Poe. The Sunday-school has
about one hundred scholars, and is in charge of T.
K. Dissette.

The congregation worshiped in the log town-house
until 1827, when a framed church-edifice was erected
upon the site of the present structure. The latter
was built in 1848, the old one being moved, and being
now used as a private residence.

THE FIRST CONGREGATIOIJ^AL CHUBCH.

This is located at Brooklyn village and was organ-
ized July 23, 1819, with the following members:
Amos Brainard, Isaac Hinckley aud Sallie his wife,
James Smith aud Eliza his wife, and Eebecca Brain-
ard. The organization took place in the town-house,
and was effected by Eev. Messrs. Thomas Barr and
William Hanford, who were sent for this purpose by
the Cleveland presbytery, to which the Brooklyn
church was attached. Previous to the organization
Isaac Hinckley — who was the first deacon chosen by
the church — used to conduct religious meetings at the
house of Moses Pish, where the Congregationalists
often assembled for worship.

The membership was not increased until October 3,
1819, when Ozias, Mary, Ira and Phoebe Brainard
were taken into the fold. The Cleveland presbytery
supplied preachers occasionally for some years; services
being held, as a rule, once a fortnight. We learn
from the records that down to 1847 the ministers who
preached for the church were Eev. Messrs. William
McLain, T. I. Bradstreet, Eandolph Stone, B. B.

Drake,

Pox and

Poltz. In 1847 the con-

gregation— being much reduced in strength — ceased
to assemble for worship and remained inactive until
1851, when public services were renewed under the
ministry of Eev. Calvin Durfee, who was followed
successively by Eev. Messrs. James A. Bates, B. H.
Votaw and J. W. Hargrave, the latter being now in
charge.

In April, 1867, the church united with the Cleve-
land Congregational conference, having till that time
been attached to the Cleveland presbytery. In 1830
the congregation left the old loghouse and worshiped
in a new church which was built in that year. It is
still used, being one of the oldest church buildings in
Ohio, but will probably be vacated in November
of this year (1879) for a new and handsome brick
church, now nearly completed. The church member-
ship is now eighty-four. The deacons are Hiram
Welch, A. S. Hinckley and Ebenezer Fish, and the
trustees are M. L. Mead, I. N. Turner and Ebenezer
Fish.

BEIUHTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

For some years previous to 1844, the Methodist
residents of Brighton and vicinity worshiped at the
church in Brooklyn village, but in that year they
effected a church organization of their own. They
purchased the building previously used by the Ee-
formed Methodists, and there they still worship.*

The present membership is eighty. The trustees
are Asahel Brainard, Charles Gates, Leonard Fish,
H. C. Gates, Geoi-ge Brainard, Demas Brainard,
Thomas Davies, Martin Oviatt and Albert Ingham;
the stewards are J. K. Brainard, Abel Fish, Luther
Brainard, Charles Gates, George W. Brainard, Wil-
liam Avanu and Asahel Brainard; the class leaders
are George W. Brainard, William Avann, Thomas
Davis, J. M. Brainard and Eussell Brainard. The
pulpit is being supplied at present by Eev. E. H.
Bush.

THE EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH.

This is a German organization, located at Brighton,
which was formed about 1840. Public worship was
first held in a school-house a mile east of Brighton
village, the first minister being Eev. Mr. Allard, of
Cleveland. In 1844 the church erected at Brighton
the substantial house of worship now used. About
one hundred families comprise the congregation,
which is under the charge of Eev. Mr. Locher. The
trustees are George Eiedel, Caspar Janney, Martin
Walter, Gottleib Merkel and Christian Haas.

CHURCH OF THE LADY OF THE SACRED HEART.

This Eoman CathoHc church was organized at
Brighton in 1875, by Eev. P. P. Quigley, D.D., in
which year a handsome brick house of worship, cost-

* The Reformed Methodists had seceded from the Methodist Episcopal
church of Brooklyn, and started a church on the south side of the
creek in 1840, but dissolved three years later. The prominent members
were Julia and Ogden Hinckley, Cyrus Brainard, and Joseph and Ma
tilda Williams.

BROOKLYN.

421

ing 110,000, was built. Although Brighton then
contained many Catholics, their number has latterly
been materially lessened by removals, and for nearly
a year (since December, 1878) the church has been
opened but once for public worship. The last pastor
of the church was Rev. T. Marshall, who succeeded
Father Quigley in 1877.

THE DISCIPLE CONGREGATION.

Early in 1879 a number of the members of the West
Side Disciple Church, residing in Brooklyn village —
(among the prominent ones being H. Brown and Wm.
Towsley) — agitated the subject of organizing a church
in Brooklyn, and in May held their first meeting in
the Brooklyn Opera House, on which occasion a large
number of persons participated in the exercises. An
independent church has not yet been formed, but reg-
ular Sabbath meetings have been held in the Opera
House since that time, the congregation, for the pres-
ent, being attached as a mission to the West Side
church, whence the preaching is supplied. About
forty members are included in the congregation, and
it is probable that a church will speedily be estab-
lished.

SCHOOLS.

Miss Dorcas Hickox, sister of Abraham Hickox, a
blacksmith of Cleveland, taught school in Brooklyn as
early as 1818, in the house of James Fish. She had
eight or ten scholars, of whom Isaiah W. Pish is still
living. Miss Hickox, who was probably the first
school-teacher in those parts, taught but one summer.
Who her immediate successor was is not clear, but it
is moderately certain that Diodate Clark wielded the
birch not long after Miss Hickox's time, and a famous
pedagogue he was. After Clark, Stephen Brainard
taught in a little log school-house on David Brainard's
place, and then Lyndon Freeman, of Parma, was for
a while the leader under whom the aspiring youth of
the day climbed the rugged bights of learning.

Apart from the villages of Brooklyn and West
■ Cleveland — which manage their own school affairs —
the township has now five school districts and six
schools, with an average attendance of one hundred
and seventy-two, out of an enrollment of two hundred
and sixty-four scholars. The number of teachers em-
ployed is seven, and the yearly expenditure for school
purposes about 13,300. The memlaers of the board
of education are I'rank H. Chester, Carver Stickney,
Henry Perrin, Claus Fiedmann and J. Featherstone.
The value of school property in the township districts
in 1879 was $13,500.

Brooklyn village, which under the union school law
has managed its own school affairs since 1869, has a
fine brick school-edifice, in which there five depart-
ments, including a high school. The daily attend-
ance of pupils averages one hundred and seventy-six,
and the teachers— including the superintendent-
number five, to whom $2,400 are paid yearly.

The village of West Cleveland has three school-
houses— on Detroit street, Jones street and MoCart

street — ^with five schools and five teachers. The at-
tendance averages nearly three hundred, and the cost
for school support is nearly $4,000 yearly. The pres-
ent board of education is composed of Messrs. Alex.
Forbes, M. B. Nixon, G. B. Mills, W. P. Ranney, A.
W. Fairbanks and Oliver King.

THE BROOKLYN ACADEMY.

In the year 1840 Moses Merrill, a New York school-
teacher, and sometimes Methodist preacher, happened
to visit Brooklyn about the time certain of its promi-
nent citizens were agitating the subject of starting an
academy. They secured Mei-rill to teach for them,
put up a framed building on the lot now occupied by
the Brooklyn village school, called it the Brooklyn
Academy and opened it as a select school of some pre-
tensions. It flourished for several years as an impoj'-
tant institution of learning, but gave way eventually
before the rapid strides of the public school system
and disappeared. The old academy building is now
used in part for the village post ofiice.

THE BRIGHTON ACADEMY,

was founded by Samuel H. Barstow about 1840, when
Brighton was regarded as a place with a brilliant fu-
ture before it. The brilliant future failed, however,
to reveal itself, and the Brighton Academy went down
within a brief season.

BRIGHTON.

The village of Brighton was laid out originally
upon laud occupied by Warren Young's farm, and
additional surveys were made from time to time. Its
progress was unmarked by special incident until
1836, when, under the influence of the energy of
Samuel H. Barstrow, matters began to look up.
Speculation in lots began to grow earnest, and to fur-
ther stimulate the spirit of the hour, Mr. Barstow
procured the incorporation of the village. At the
first election, early in 1837, twenty-three votes were
cast for mayor, Nathan Babcock receiving fourteen
and Sam'l H. Barstow nine. A. S. Palmer was
chosen as recorder, and a Mr. Clemens as marshal and
street commissioner. In less than a year, however,
Brighton came to a stand-still. When the next elec-
tion time came the villagers concluded that the new
departure was a failure, and declined to hold an elec-
tion, and the charter went by default.

Since that time the progress of Brighton has been
slow, yet in all it has been considerable. It has a
population of perhaps eight hundred, is abundantly
supplied with stores and hotels, has three churches,
and does a small business in the manufacture of
wagons. The stores have a good trade witli the sur-
rounding country, which contains numerous thrifty
and substantial farmers, many of whom are Germans,
as are also many of the villagers.

BROOKLYN VILLAGE.

Brooklyn Village (originally called Brooklyn Cen-
ter) was laid out in part in the year 1830 by Moses
Pish, an early settler and the owner of considerable

422

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

land in what is now the center of the village. Fish
laid out twenty-five lots, and directly afterward
Ebenczer Fish, his brother, also a large land owner,
began a survey for the same purpose. He sold off
only a few lots, however, before disposing of the resi-
due" of his property to Betts & Bibbens, land specula-
tors, who platted an extensive tract. This was the
first work of importance in the way of starting the
village. Later, at various times, it was followed by
numerous additional surveys by a dozen different
parties, some of whom have yet to realize on their in-
vestments.

Although the village began thus early to push
itself into notice, and thrived apace, it was not incor-
porated until August 5, 1807. The persons who
have served as village officials from that date to 1879,
inclusive, are as follows:

1867. Mayor, Bethuel Fish; recorder, Leonard Foster; trustees, A.,
W. Poe, J. S. Fish, Adam Kroehle, C. B. Galentine, Geo. Storer; mar-
shal, John May.

1868. Mayor, Bethuel Fish ; recorder, Leonard Foster; treasurer, Levi
Fish; trustees, A. W. Poe, Adam Kroehle, Seymour Trowbridge, L. C.
Pixley, J. M. Curtiss; marshal, O. M. Wallace.

1869. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; recorder, Wesley Trowbridge;
treasurer, John S. Fish; trustees, Lewis Roberts, Eliphalet Wyatt,
Alanson Clark, A. P. Wirth, Geo. Storer; marshal. Samuel B. Root.

1870. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas-
urer, J. S. Fish; council, I. W. Fish, Hem-y Fish, Wm. Towsley, Lewis
Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe; marshal, O. M. Wallace.

1871. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas-
urer, J. S. Fish; council, Lewis Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe, S. D.
Phelps, L. C. Pixley, J. H. Storer; ma shal. M. J. Truman.

1873. Mayor, E. H. Bush; treasurer, H. Fish; clerk, L. G. Foster:
council, L. C. Pixley, J. H. Storer, S. D. Phelps, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish
Adam Kroehle ; marshal, Shelby Luce.

1873. Mayor, Wm. Towsley; clerk, L. G. Foster; treasurer, H. Fish;
council, Adam Kroehle, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish, Jas. Gay, L. C . Pixley,
Wesley Trowbridge, marshal, Shelby Luce.

1874. Mayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, E. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S.
Fish; council, Wesley Trowbridge, L. C. Pixley, Jas. Gay, E. Wyatt, F.
Clifford, J. Schneider; marshal, Shelby Luce.

1875. Mayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S.
Fish, council, E. Wyatt, F. Clifford, J. Schneider, Jas. Towsley, Calvin
Allyn. Carlos Jones; marshal, Shelby Luce.

1876. Mayor, Henry Ingham; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, R.
A. Brown; council, Jas. Towsley, Calvin Allyn, Carlos Jones, A. Mande-
ville, Aug. Esch, Theodore Paul; marshal, A. L. Van Ornnm.

1877. Mayor, Henry Ingham; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, R.
A. Brown; council, Aug. Ksch, A. Mandeville, Theo. Paul, Lewis Roberts,
Thos. Quirk, M. H, Farnsworth; marshal, A. L. VanOrnum.

1878. Mayor, J. S. Fish; clerk, J. H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell
Brown; council, M. H. Farnsworth, Thos. Quirk, Lewis Roberts, J. W.
Naff, Chas. Robinson, Peter Vonder Au; marshal, A. L. Van Ornum.

1879. Mayor, J. S. Fish; clerk, J H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell
Brown ; council, J. W. Naff. Cha«i. Robinson, Peter Vonder Au, I. N.
Turner, J. H. Storer, G. R. Davis; marshal, A. L. VanOrnum.

Brooklyn village is now a thriving place of about
fifteen hundred inhabitants, contains many fine resi-
dences, has some important manufacturing establish-
ments in and near the borough, and will doubtless
improve in various ways after the completion of the
Valley railroad.

WEST CLBVELAlsTD.

The village of West Cleveland, with a. population of
one thousand five hundred, joins the city of Cleveland
on the west, having its northern front on Lake Erie.
That portion of Brooklyn was not settled until a com-
paratively recent date, and had at first nearly all its
habitations along the line of what is now Detroit street.
That thoroughfare is still the main avenue of West
Cleveland. It stretches, within the village, two miles

and a half west of the city limits, and is embellished
with many handsome suburban residences of Cleve-
land merchants. West Cleveland was incorporated
in 1870, as a defensive measure— so it is said— against
a prospective absorption by Cleveland. As the vil-
lage records, down to a very late date, have been lost,
we can only give a list of the mayors and clerks, as fol-
lows: 1870— mayor, H. W. Davis; clerk, Charles M.
Safford. 187;J— mayor, S. F. Pearson; clerk, Charles
M. Safford. 1874— mayor, William Mitchell; clerk,
Alfred Lees. 1876— mayor, Alex Forbes; clerk, Al-
fred Lees. 1878— mayor, L. H. Ware; clerk, John

Hawley.

Although the village is quite populous, it is so
closely allied to Cleveland in a material sense that it
is simply a city suburb. Its inhabitants are mostly
engaged in business in the city, and attend religious
worship there. There is no religious organization in
West Cleveland, and but one place where religious
services are held — a mission chapel where Sabbath
meetings are maintained under the auspices of the
Young Men's Christian Association, for the benefit of
all denominations.

THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FARM.

This is located on Detroit street, in West Cleveland,
and covers sixty-one acres, upon which there are sub-
stantial buildings. In 1868 the widow of Simeon
Jennings gave to the Children's Aid Society of Cleve-
land eleven acres of land and the buildings upon it,
to be used as an industrial school farm. The society
obtained by donations sufficient money to purchase
fifty additional acres, and since that date the place
has been devoted to the noble purpose of providing
for destitute and homeless children, training them in
useful knowledge and eventually placing them in
comfortable homes. During 1878 the children re-
ceived numbered one hundred and forty-seven, of
whom eighty-eight were placed in good homes. The
average number of children in the institution is forty.

LINNDALE.

Linndale, is a station on the Cleveland, Columbus,
Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad, and was at one
time a place regarding which many bright anticipa-
tions were indulged in. Three hundred acres of land
were purchased, in 1872, by Robert Linn, and others
of Cleveland, a town was laid out, building lots were
freely sold and Linndale made a promising start.
The Linndale Stove and Hollow Ware Company ex-
pended seven thousand dollars in erecting a foundry
there, began opei'ations on a capital of fifteen thousand
dollars, and with a force of fifty hands soon gave a
business appearance to the place. Quite a number of
dwellings went up, a newspaper called the Linndale
Enterprise, under the editorship of Mr. Robinson,
was called into existence, and a hotel and several stores
went into operation.

Unhappily, however, for the project, the financial
crisis of 1873 stopped the growth of the new town,

J6t/i7t^^^J£~^,^^^

Martin Kellogg was born in Easthampton par-
ish, Chatham, Middlesex Co., Conn., on the 16th of
February, 1793. His ancestors were Irish, and
settled in this country at an early date.

His father, whose name was also Martin, was a
native of Marlboro'', Conn., having been born there
about the year 1765. He was a man of great in-
tegrity and enterprise; was often called upon for
advice and counsel, and, although not a member,
was a constant attendant and liberal supporter of the
Episcopal Church. He married Eachel Hosford,
daughter of Dudley Hosford, of Marlboro', by whom
he had six children, viz. : Rachel, Martin, Joel,
Alfred, Rechelsea, and Lucy Ann. The latter is
the only member of this family now living. Mr.
Kellogg died in Easthampton in 18^5. His wife
survived him twenty-five years, and died in January,
1850.

The subject of this sketch received a common-
school education, and, until he reached his majority,
remained upon his father's farm. He was then em-
ployed in laboring by the month, which he continued
for four years. In 1817 he came to Ohio, and re-
mained one year. Returning to Connecticut, he was
married, on the 2d of June, 1818, to Laura Adams,
daughter of Benjamin Adams, of Colchester, New
London Co. They at once set out for Ohio, in
company with the families of Judge Barber, Mr.
Watkins, Mr. Branch, and Mr. Ansel Young.

They traveled the entire distance with ox-teams,
the journey consuming forty days. Arriving at
Cleveland in July, Mr. Kellogg settled in Brooklyn,
on the place now owned by his son Alfred, and
situated on Scranton Avenue. He immediately
commenced clearing his farm, and, although sub-
jected to all the hardships of pioneer life, was never
discouraged. At the end of a comparatively few
years he possessed a comfortable home, and on ac-
count of its location his land subsequently became
very valuable.

In 1856 his wife died, and he was married on the
8th of March, 1860, to Mrs. Laura Walker, who
died July 17, 1863. He only survived her a little
more than one month, his death occurring on the
25th of August following.

Mr. Kellogg was a man of staunch integrity and
high moral character; an enterprising citizen, and
one who took an active part in forwarding local
improvements and the best interests of the com-
munity in which he lived. Formerly a Whig, when
that party gave place to the Republican organization
he naturally gravitated to its ranks. Although
taking an interest in political movements, he never
held nor sought public office.

Mr. Kellogg had four children, — Alfred, Horace,
Charles M., and Sanford B., all deceased except
Alfred, the eldest, to whom this memoir and the
accompanying portrait are due.

BROOKLYN.

4^3

which at its best contained about eight hundred in-
habitants. The land company, which had absorbed
Mr. Linn's interests, failed to meet its payments on
tlie land; purchasers became alarmed concerning the
titles and many of them forsook the place. The com-
pany forfeited its lands to the original owners and
Linndale staggered under the blow. The paper
suspended, the hotel and stores closed, and the Linn-
dale Stove Company, which maintained a somewhat
longer struggle for existence, went down in 1875 in
utter failure.

Wm. Buckholz, who had a small manufactory of
portable feed-mills, carried on his business in the
town until the spring of 1879, when he removed to
Cleveland. Since 1875, Linndale has been a very
small and very quiet village, but faith in its future
still animates some sanguine hearts, and certainly
there is nothing improbable in its becoming a pros-
perous town.

CEMETERIES.

The first burials in the old township of Brooklyn
were made in a lot near the present graveyard on
Scran ton avenue, in Cleveland. These burials were
four in number, and the next one — that of Mary Wil-
cox, mother-in-law of James Fish, was made in 1816,
upon a half-acre lot owned by Mr. Fish. That lot
Mr. Fish subsequently donated to the township for
use as a public graveyard, and it is now a part of the
Scranton avenue cemetery. The four gi-aves above
referred to were obliterated long ago, and occupied
it is thought, a spot of ground now traversed by the
avenue. The next public burial ground was laid out in
1844, east of the Methodist church in Brooklyn vil-
lage. There are now six or seven burial grounds in
the township, including Riverside cemetery, a sketch
of which will be found in the history of Cleveland.

POST OFFICES.

A post ofiice was established in Brighton in 1836,
which until 1867 was the station for Brooklyn village.
It is known as Brooklyn post office, and has had as
postmasters, from 1836 to 1879, the following: Sam-
uel H. Barstow, Geo. W. Hibbard, William J. Case,
0. H. Babcock, G. Woodruff, Daniel Seizor, A. Van
Derwyst and Chas. Huhn. Brooklyn Village post-
office was not established until 1867, since which time
the posmastei's at that point have been J. M. Poe, A.
W. Poe, E. H. Bush, Samuel Sears and John Reeve.
West Cleveland post office was established iu 1877,
C. E. Terrell being the first appointee. His succes-
sors have been Messrs. Beebe, Sweeny, and Oldfelder;
the latter being the present incumbent.

THE CLEVBLAWD DRYER COMPANY.

This company, which is carrying on an extensive
manufacture of super-phosphate near Brooklyn vil-
lage, originated in 1863, when P. B. Bradley and Coe
Brothers, under the name now used by the corpora-
tion, began to make super-phosphate on Mill creek,
near the line of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati
and Indianapolis railroad. There they employed

about twenty men in their works, which were de-
stroysd by fire in 1874. After that event the partners
organized "The Cleveland Dryer Company" as a
corporation, with a capital of $50,000, and built the
works now used by it, on the line of the proposed
Valley railroad. The company occupies eleven acres
of land at that point, employs fifty men, and confines
itself to the manufacture of the Buckeye and Forest
City brands of super-phosphate.

THE LAKE ERIE DRYER COMPANY.

This is a firm composed of G. W. Dart and W. 11.
Gabriel, manufacturers of the Excelsior super-phos-
phate and poudrette at a point about a mile east of
Brooklyn village. The works cover about two acres
on the creek, and give employment to twenty men.
A Mr. De Mar was the first to start these works,
about 1865, being succeeded in 1869 by Joseph Cook,
who sold out in 1876 to the firm now in possession.

OTHER MANUFACTURES.

Davis & Wirth are somewhat extensively engaged at
Brooklyn village in the manufacture of boots, shoes
and slippers, and employ an average force of twenty
men. Davis & Richardson inaugurated the business
at Brooklyn in 1864. After them Davis, Pelton &
Co. continued it; being followed by Davis & Wallace
Brothers, who dissolved in 1870. Mr. Davis then
taansferred his business to Cleveland, whence in
January, 1879, he returned to Brooklyn, and in com-
pany with Mr. Wirth renewed the manufacture of
boots and shoes in that village.

Adam Kroeble carries on a large brick tannery at
Brooklyn village, in which he tans about ten thou-
sand hides and skins annually, employing ten men.
Mr. Kroeble has conducted the business since 1862,
when he purchased it from Mr. Storer, who started it
about 1840.

E. Jorns has a small tannery at the foot of Brook-
lyn village hill, where he turns out about twenty -hides
weekly. On the Brighton side of the creek, Charles
Mueller has a similar establishment of like capacity.

NURSERIES.

Ebenezer Fish inaugurated the nursery business in
Brooklyn, in 1840, but did not develop it to any ex-
tent until he placed it in charge of Wm. Curtiss, who,
after expanding the trade and making it profitable,
became Mr. Fish's partner. He afterward bought
him out, extending the business still more and eventu-
ally establishing numerous nurseries in the township,
to which he gave the general name of the Forest City
Nurseries. In 1859 he took in his brother, J. M.
Curtiss, as a partner, who upon the death of William
Curtiss, in 1860, assumed control of the business, and
so extended it that between the years 1865 and 1875
his annual sales reached as high as sixty thousand
apple and peacli trees alone.

In 1875 he sold his interest in the nurseries to M.
A. Wilhelmy, who has since then controlled them.

424

THE TOWNSHIPS 01? CUYAHOGA COtlNTY.

EAILWAYS.

Brooklyn is crossed in a diagonal direction, from
northeast to southwest, by the Cleveland, Columbus,
Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad, its only station
in the township being at Linndale. The Lake Shore
and Michigan Southern railroad crosses West Cleve-
land, and also bears south westwardly, but not so far
to the south as the former road. The Eocky Eiver
railroad runs along the northern end of the township,
parallel with the lake, to Rocky river. A street rail-
way connects Brooklyn village with Cleveland.

The Valley railroad, to rnn from Cleveland to Can-
ton, is now in process of construction, passing across
the eastern portion of this township. The entire dis-
tance is graded, and it is now expected that trains
will run between Canton and Cleveland by the first
of January, 1880. The owners have donated thirty-
one acres of land in Brooklyn to the company, as a site
for its car-shops, depot, etc., and it is confidently be-
lieved that the comijletion of the enterprise will bring
a decided increase of prosperity to the township.

GLENN LODGE, I. 0. 0. F.

Glen Lodge, No. 263, was organized in Brighton,
March 31, 1855, -with ten charter members. The
present membership is one hundred and thirteen, the
officers being as follows: George Schmehl, N. G. ; J.
0. Wait, V. G.; Walter H. Gates, R. S.; William
Treat, P. S. ; George Reidel, treasurer.

GLENN BNCAJIPMENT, I. 0. 0. F.

Glenn Encampment, No. 181, was organized at
Brighton in 1874, with ten charter members. In
June, 1879, it was removed to Cleveland, and named
Cleveland Encampment, after an organization which
had previously existed in that city, but which had
been suspended. The present officers are J. J. Quay,
C. P. ; J. S. Wood, H. P. ; P. Shackleton, S. W. ;
W. H. Newton, J. W. ; Wm. Treat, scribe; C. Stick-
ney, treasurer.

BROOKLYN LODGE, F. & A. M.

Brooklyn Lodge, No. 454, was organized October
18, 1871, with the following charter members: E. T.
Ellsworth, Henry Richardson, Samuel B. Root, C.
H. Babcock, G. R. Davis, John Lane, Frederick
Wirth, Wm. Willson, Wm. Woodard, Ozias Pish,
Chas. Mueller, C. W. Quirk, J. H. Storer, E. H.
Bush, I. N. Turner, Thos. Quirk, Henry Pish and
Theodore M. Towl. The Worshipful Masters of the
lodge have been E. T. Ellsworth, C. H. Babcock,
Henry Pish, R. H. Wirth, T. M. Towl, George R.
Davis and D. W. Hoyt, the latter serving two terms.
The present membership is thirty-eight, and the offi-
cers are as follows: D. W. Hoyt, W. M. ; T. S. Davis.
S. W. ; A. L. Sausman, J. W. ; G. R. Davis, treas. ;
J. H. Storer, secy.; P. Cosgrove, S. D.; W. C. Towns,
J. D.; Geo. J. Duncan, tyler; E. H. Bush, chaplain.
Regular meetings are held on the first and third Wed-
nesdays of eacli month, in the Masonic Hall, Brook-
lyn village.

MILITIA COMPANIES.

The Brooklyn Light Artillery was organized by
Capt. Sidney Andrews in 1858, with twenty-eight
men and one gun — a bi'ass six-pounder. The com-
mand built, in 1858, the structure in Brooklyn vil-
lage, still known as "The Armory," and occupied by
Davis & Wirth as a shoe factory. After two years
existence as a militia company, it entered the three
months service in 1861, as a part of the First Ohio
Light Artillery. Mention of the services of that
regiment are made in the general history. After be.
ing mustered out, so many of the men volunteered
into other commands that the company could not be
kept up.

The " Brooklyn Blues " were organized in February,
1876, by S. G. Cosgrove, as an independent company
of infantry. It then numbered forty men. The first
officers were S. G. Cosgrove, captain; E. W. White-
man, first lieutenant; B. F. Storer, second lieutenant.
Upon the organization of the Fifteenth Regiment
Ohio National Guards, the "Blues" joined that com-
mand as Company B, and as such are still known.
The company now numbers thirty-five men, its officers
being T. K. Dissette, captain; W. C. Towns, first
lieutenant; B. P. Storer, second lieutenant. Com-
pany B is equipped with Springfield breech -loading
muskets, and owns its armory at Brooklyn village.

BROOKLYN HOOK AND LADDER COMPANY NO. 1.

Brooklyn village boasts a fire company, numbering
thirty uniformed men, and having for apparatus a
Babcock fire-extinguisher and a hook and ladder
truck. No. 1 was organized in 1876, with thirty
men. William Beaser was the chief; Frederick
Wirth, the first assistant, and John Sweisel, the
second assistant. William Beaser is the present
chief; John Sweisel, the first assistant, and H. B.
Wallace, the second assistant.

ABEL S. HIlSrCKLEY.

Abel S. Hinckley was born at Chatham, Middlesex
county, Connecticut, on the 5th of April, 1803. He
is descended from Samuel Hinckley, who came from
England in 1635, and settled at Barnstable, Massachu-
setts, and whose grandson, Gersham, removed to Leb-
anon, Connecticut in 1712. John Hinckley, a son of
Gersham, settled at East Hampton, Connecticut, and
died there at an advanced age, leaving a large family
of children. Isaac, the oldest of this family was the
father of the subject of this sketch. He was born at
Chatham, on the 31st of May, 1773. He removed to
Brooklyn, Ohio, in 1814, and became prominently
connected with the interests of the town, holding va-
rious local offices and positions of trust. He was one
of the founders of the Congregational church of Brook-
lyn, and for many years was one of its deacons. He
died on the 9th of March, 1851, respected and regret-
ted by all who knew him. His wife was Sarah Shep-
ard, daughter of Abel Shepard, of Chatham, Connec-

CHAGRIK FALLS.

425

ticut. They were married on the 12th of December,
1799, and had a family of seven children, of whom
the subject of this notice is the second.

S^€J f W^^njU/<

He came with his father to Brooklyn, and, although
but eleven years of age, assisted his parents in making
a comfortable home in the wilderness. There was
then but one house in what is now known as the
South Side of Cleveland, and the surrounding country
was an unbroken forest. Young Hinckley remained
at home until twenty-four years old, working indus-
triously in clearing and cultivating the farm, and re-
ceiving in the meantime a limited education.

On the 18th of January, 1827, he married Sarah
Dennison, daughter of Daniel Dennison, of Brooklyn.
He then engaged in farming upon his own account,
and continued in that business until 1873, when he
sold his farm and removed to the village of Brooklyn,
where he has since resided. He is a Republican in
politics, but has never sought public notice nor oflBce.
As a citizen and a neighbor he is highly respected,
being a valued member of the Congregational church,
in which he holds the oflBce of deacon.

To Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley were born five children,
viz., Lucy, (deceased); Aurelia W., at home: Sarah
L., wife of Henry J. Brainard, of Hazelhurst, Mis-
sissippi; William H., who died in infancy, and Louisa
M., also deceased. Mrs. Hinckley died in February,
1862. Mr. Hinckley married his second wife. Miss
Sarah Foote, daughter of Edom Foote, of Brooklyn,
on the 21st day of May, 1863.

CHAPTER LXXli.

CHAGKIN FALLS.*

Serenus Burnet— Two Dollars and a Half jier Acre for Land— Other
Early Settlers— A Log Gristmill— An Unfinished Bridge— Adamson
Bentley-Bentleyville- Beginning at Chagrin Falls Village— Noah
Graves and Dr. Handerson— Newcomers in 1837— A Tavern in a Bam
—The Old Deer Lick— GriCflthsburg- Bentley ville's Prosperous Days—
Dr. Vincent— A Primitive Banlc- A College Chartered— Lively Times-
Sidney Rigdon— The Financial Crisis— Early Mail Facilities— Asbury
Seminary— The Tippecanoe Campaign— Whig Riflemen and Demo-
cratic Indians— First Paper Mill — Annexation of Nine Hundred Acres
to Orange— Deacon White's Ax Factory— More about Bentleyville—
Formation of Chagrin Falls Township— First Officers— Enterprise of
the People — Champion's Scheme — A Pleasant Village— The excite
ment at the Outbreak of the Rebellion— The Soldiers' Aid Society—
Since the War— Business Interests— Chagrin Falls Paper Company-
Adams & Co.'s Paper Mill— Williams' Foundry— Gauntt's Machine
Shop— Ober's Planing Machine— Other Manufactures— Congregational
Church- Methodist Church — Disciple Church — Free Will Baptist
Church— Bible Christian Church— Golden Gate Lodge— Chagrin Falls
Lodge— Township Officers- Sketch of H. W. Curtiss.

In the month of May, 1815, immediately after the
war of 1812, Serenus Burnet brought his wife and
little son, Stephen, and located himself on the west
side of Chagrin river, about two miles north of the
present village of Chagrin Falls. There he built a
rude log-house, and became the first resident of the
present township of Chagrin Falls. The nearest
neighbors were in the Covert neighborhood, near
Willson's Mills, in the present township of Mayfield.
For six months after their arrival Mrs. Burnet did
not see the face of a white woman.

Mr. Burnet paid two dollars and a half per acre
for the best river-bottom land, and the proprietors
were willing enough to sell even at this rate, for
Burnet's was for a long time about the end of settle-
ment in the Chagrin valley. During the next ten
years the lower part of the valley slowly settled up,
and between 1820 and 1825 Jacob Gillett, Caleb Al-
son and James Fisher became residents of what is now
the township of Chagrin Falls, in the immediate
vicinity of Serenus Burnet.

But it was not until the year 1826 or 1827 that any
settlement was made in the vicinity of the present
village of Chagrin Falls. At that time John Wood-
ward and Benjamin Carpenter built a dam across the
Chagrin river, below Williams' foundry at Chagrin
Falls, and at the north end of it erected a small log
gristmill. The stones were drawn by eight yoke of
cattle from a still older mill, situated near where
Edmund Burnet now lives, in Orange.

About the same time Gen. Edward Paine, who
owned the land west of the present Franklin street,
undertook to build a bridge across the river at the
falls, and put four stringers across as a beginning.
The work was not completed at that time, however,
and the stringers remained, affording a precarious
passage to the few footmen who occasionally ap-
peared in the vicinity. Mr. AV. T. Upham men-

*Many fanciful stories have been told about the origin of the name
"Chagrin," appliedflrstto the river, and then to the falls, the township
and the village; it being often supposed that it comes from the "cha-
grin" felt by somebody, about something, on its banks. It is, however,
undoubtedly derived from the old Indian word " Shaguin," which is to
be found' applied to it on maps issued before the Revolution. "Sha-
guin" is supposed to mean " clear," but this is not so certain.

426

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

tions seeing them, in 1837 or '28, when hunting in
company with his brother, E. B. Upham, Alfred
Utley and Joel Burnet. The falls were then marked
by shelving rocks, which have since been blasted
away, and the youngsters cut down a tree, growing
on the bank, for the fun of seeing it topple over the
precipice.

In the month of February, 1831, Rev. Adamson
Bentley, a noted Disciple minister, then forty-six
years old, having purchased a lai'ge tract of land at
the junetion of the two branches of the Chagrin
river, moved to that point, and immediately began
important improvements there. That same year he
built a sawmill, and that year, or the next, he erected
a gristmill; both being situated near the present res-
idence of his son, Martin Bentley, about a quarter of
a mile below the forks of the river. He built a card-
ing machine and cloth-dressing establishment at the
same point a little later, and thus made the beginning
of a thriving hamlet, which flourished under the name
of Bentleyville for over twenty years, and at first
seemed likely to be the principal village in that part
of the county.

But in 1833 a new village was begun, which soon
threw Bentleyville entirely in the shade, and has long
maintained an unquestioned supremacy over the va-
rious little burgs in the southeastern part of Cuyahoga
county. It will be remembered that at this time that
part of the present township of Chagrin Falls lying
east of the line of Franklin street, in the village of
that name, was in the town of Eussell, in Geauga
county, while the portion west of that line was in
Orange, Cuyahoga county, except a small tract in the
southwest corner of the village, which was in Solon,
in the same county. The land in Geauga county was
owned by Aristarchus Champion, of Rochester, New
York,* while that of Orange was the property of Gen.
Edward Paine, the founder of Painesville, but then
residing at Chardon, Geauga county.

In the year 1833, Noah Graves, a Massachusetts
Yankee, on the lookout for a good investment, after
examining the water power at the Falls, went to Gen.
Paine and purchased two hundred and ten acres of
land there, for what was then considered the large
sum of two thousand dollars. Dr. S. S. Handerson
was either connected with Graves at the time of
the trade or became so immediately afterward, and
together they at once made the preliminary move-
ments to start a city. Lots were laid out and offered
for sale, and preparations were made for building
mills.

We cannot learu, however, that any houses were
built on the site of the village until 1834. In that
year Noah Graves, S. S. Handerson, Chester Bush-
nell. Napoleon Covill, A. A. Hart and Ebenezer Wil-
cox, all took their families and settled in the new city.
In October of that year, Mr. Henry Church, the old-
est survivor of the original pioneers of the village,

*Aristarchus Champion died at Rochester only a few years since at
the age of over ninety years.

moved thither with his family. He found the fami-
lies already mentioned, but only three framed houses
those of Graves, Handerson and Hart. Mr. Wilcox
lived in the house of his brother-in-law. Mr. Graves
and Mr. Covill lived in a log house north of the river,
while Julius Higgins dwelt in a shanty near by.

Chester Bushnell built a barn that season on the
site of the Union House, in the upper part of which
he lived with his family and kept tavern, the horses
of the travelers being stabled below. Mr. Graves also
built a dam that year, but did not erect his sawmill
until the next year, 1835. Mr. Church, as soon as he
arrived, went to blacksmithing, his being the first
shop in the new village. His partner was Luther
Graves, (a nephew of Noah) who had come with Mr.
Church.

I. A. Foote, a resident almost as early, came on the
19th of October, 1834. He remembers but two
framed houses, those of Graves and Hart. There
was still no bridge, and Paine's old stringers afforded
the only means of passage. Ira Sherman lived near

by.

There was an old deer-lick near the location of the
upper paper mill, and when the first settlers came
there were still bark hammocks to be seen hanging in
the tops of the large, low beech trees, where the In-
dians had been accustomed to lie in wait for the deer
as they came to drink the brackish waters of the
"lick." There was a tincture of mineral in the
water, besides salt, and the neighboring stones were
glazed by a shining substance, deposited on the evap-
oration of the water.

The Indians had then ceased to visit this part of
the county and the deer abandoned the lick as soon as
the white people began to settle in the vicinity. They
were still abundant in the neighboring hills, and many
a fine carcass was brought in by the early settlers. A.
H. Hart was especially noted as a hunter, and Mr.
Church was almost equally devoted to the chase, and
was a frequent companion of Mr. Hart on his hunting
excursions.

In 1835 there was a marked improvement in the
new village. Several new houses were put up, the
projected sawmill was built, and the woods cleared
away for several rods around the buildings. Still
there were no roads of any value in the country around,
and all kinds of business were of course extremely
difiQcult of transaction. Mr. Church mentions having
frequently gone up into the settlement of Solon, got
a bag of wheat and carried it on his back to Beutley's
little gristmill; carrying it thence, in the same man-
ner, home to Chagrin Falls.

The next year, 1836, the erection of a gristmill at
the falls made it unnecessary to go elsewhere for
grinding, but the wheat had still to be brought over
most execrable roads.

But those were the celebrated " flush times," when
everybody was bent on speculation, when paper money
was as free as water, and when unbounded riches were
consequently expected by the whole community.

OHRGRIN FALLS.

437

Scarcely an enterprise could be suggested in which
men were not ready to engage. About this same time,
1836, Gen. James Griffith found a water power on the
Aurora branch of the Ohagi'in river, and bought the
upper part of it. Ten men, mostly from Aurora, in
Portage county, bought the lower part. Griffith built
a sawmill and he and the others planned a village to
be called Griffithsburg, which, like Bentleyville, was
within the present township of Chagrin Falls. Cap-
tain Archibald Robbins, the celebrated sailor, who
with Captain Riley was taken prisoner on the coast of
Africa, and who is mentioned in the history of Solon,
bought an intei'est at Griffithsburg, built a store there
and remained three or four years.

Meanwhile, for several years, Bentleyville kept
ahead, not only of Griffithsburg, but of its more
promising rival. Chagrin Falls. John OviaCt came
thither in 1834 or "35, built a trip-hammer shop, and
made scythes, axes and similar instruments in large
quantities — that is, large for that time and place.
This establishment was kept up for five or six years.
Another, erected about the same time, was the tan-
nery of William Brooks. In 1835 or '36 Mr. Bentley
erected and opened a small store at the same point,
being the first store in the present township of Cha-
grin Falls.

In 1835 Dr. Justus H. Vincent located in the
northwest corner of Bainbridge, Geauga county, being
the first physician who practiced to any extent in
Chagrin Falls. In 1836 and '37 he was a member of
the legislature. All the property holders of the vi-
cinity, with Dr. Vincent at their head, applied for a
charter for a bank at Chagrin Falls. This institu-
tion, however, did not get fairly under way. The
nearest approach to it was a shanty in which one of
the residents lived, which was pet into the bank of a
hill. This, in consideration of its position, was
dubbed the " bank," and the resident was breveted
the cashier.

In March, 1836, the first religious society in the
township was formed, being called the " First Con-
gregational Society of MoreDse." There seems to
have been a disposition to call the new village " Mo-
rense," but it was soon given up. The year before
this (1835) a college had been chartered, which was
to stand on College Hill. There was to be no lack
of great institutions, and it is a somewhat amusing
illustration of the spirit of the time that the first dis-
trict school was taught the same season the college
was chartered. The teacher was Miss Almeda Vin-
cent, afterwards Mrs. Aaron Bliss, of Chicago.

Her husband opened the first store in the village
in 1836, in the bar room of the hotel, but soon
after built a store on the corner of Main and Oi-ange
streets. These were perhaps the liveliest times the
village has ever known, except during a short time
at the outbreak of the rebellion. Soon after Bliss
opened his store, B. H. and H. S. Bosworth also em-
barked in the mercantile business. Joshua Overton
and Bennett bought and occupied the tavern.

William Fay set up a shingle machine. Charles
Waldron and William Pratt were in business as shoe-
makers, William McGlashan and Dudley Thorp as
tailors, and Henry Smith as a mason. George Fen-
kel was building his gristmill, which was in running
order by winter. Caleb Earl built a clothiers shop.

Among other residents already there, or fast coming
in, were James Bosworth, with his sons, Freeman,
Sherman, Milo and Philetus, and his sons-in-law,
Jason Matthews, Robert Barrows, Justus Taylor, Jus-
tus Benedict, T. N. West, Samuel Graham and Tim-
othy Osborn, all with families; also, Huron Beebe,
Roderick Beebe, William Church and Zopher Hol-
comb.

To add to the excitement, the celebrated Sidney
Rigdon, who was then second only to Joseph Smith
as a Mormon preacher, was displaying the glories of
the religion of the Latter Day Saints in numerous
sermons and speeches. That religion had not then
assumed its ofEensive polygamous features, and Rig-
don, who was known to be an eloquent speaker, was
invited to deliver the oration at Chagi-in Falls on the
4th of July, 1836. He did so, and among other glow-
ing predictions, prophesisd that there would soon be
one great city, extending from Chagrin Falls to Kirt-
land, fifteen miles north, all inhabited by the saints
of the Lord.

The next spring, 1837, the excitement was still
intense, and the expectation of universal wealth
through the medium of unlimited paper money and
the immense rise in the price of land was yet un-
abated. A Congregational church edifice was plan-
ned, and the timber was drawn to the public square,
which at this time was dedicated to the public, and
included all that block on which the town hall now
stands. Two-thirds of it was afterwards given to the
Methodist and Congregational churches.

Another grand celebration was gotten up on the
Fourth of July, and was graced by a peculiar accom-
paniment. The first marriage in the village, and
probably in the township, took place on that day,
the officiating minister being Rev. Sherman B. Can-
field, the orator of the day, and the parties being
Aaron Bliss, the young merchant, and Miss Almeda,
the daughter of Dr. J. H. Vincent.

But while all was thus going "merry as a mar-
riage bell" in the financial and social world, the sound
of approaching disaster came swiftly upon the ear.
During the summer of 1837 the whole- fabric of ap-
parent prosperity which had been built up on a basis
of worthless paper money, went down even more
suddenly than it had been raised, and business all over
the country came to a standstill. Chagrin Falls,
like other ambitious, young villages, for several years,
made very little progress.

Notwithstanding all the energy previously dis-
played, there was yet no post office in the village.
There was a mail route, however, ran by Seremus
Burnet's place, where he had begun keeping tavern.
From there the mail was brought once a week by

428

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Marcus Earl to the house of his father in the village,
where the people gathered to obtain their letters and
papers, making it a post office by common consent.

The first fatal accident in the township occurred in
1839, when the young daughter of Mr. Overton was
burned to death by her clothes catching fire. Mr. 0.
T. Blakeslee, to whose sketches in the Chagrin Palls
Expositor we are indebted for a large number of the
facts here set forth, mentions that there were no less
than seventeen fatal accidents at Chagrin Palls be-
tween 1839 and 1874. The same year Asbury Semi-
nary was incorporated as a Methodist institution, Mr.
Williams being the first principal.

Meanwhile Samuel Nettleton built a furnace, which
in 1840 he sold to Benajah Williams, by whom and
his son it has ever since been carried on. Mr. Wil-
liams had moved to the village in 1837, with his sons
Lorenzo D., John W., William M., Francis S., Adam
C. and Andrew J.

In 1840, the year of the great "Tippecanoe" cam-
paign, two-thirds of the people of Chagrin Palls were
Whigs, and nowhere was there more zeal in support-
ing the Whig cause than there — in fact, Chagrin Palls
has always been a very zealous place in regard to any
question in which the people took an interest. When
the Whigs of the Northwest held a grand meeting at
Port Meigs, the male portion of Chagrin Palls turned
out almost en masse. Dr. Vincent was in command
of a company of Whig riflemen. The rest of the
Whigs were going in their pri vate capacity, most of
them assuming a sort of Indian disguise to add to the
hilarity of the occasion. So great was the excitement
that most of the Democrats actually proposed to join
the Indians and accompany them to the great pow-
wow. The ofl'er was promptly accepted, and there
was hardly a man left at the Palls.

Pour-horse, six-horse, and even eight-horse teams
were provided to draw the crowd to Cleveland, where
two-thirds of the voters of the county were assembled,
whence they went by boat to the Maumee. The De-
mocratic "Indians" of Chagrin Falls acted faithfully
in accordance with the part they had assumed, enter-
ing fully into the spirit of the occasion, and making
no objection to the fierce assaults upon Democracy
which resounded from the lips of eloquent orators.
But when the procession returned to the Palls it
halted on the top of the hill overlooking the village,
and there these temporary Whigs drew off, gave one
parting whoop for Old Tippecanoe, and then, with a
rousing cheer for Van Buren and Johnson, resumed
their character as Democrats and returned to their
homes.

By 1841 business began to revive. Aaron Bliss and
John Mayhew built a large stone flouring-mill on the
site of the upper paper-mill, with a semicircular stone
dam. The latter, however, was carried out by the
high water that same season, flooding the village and
carrying off two bridges. The same year Noah Graves
built a paper-mill on the north side of the river, be-
ing the beginning of an industry which has ever since

flourished at Chagrin Palls. In January of this year,
also, Dr. Vincent obtained the passage of an act tak-
ing nine hundred acres from the northwest corner of
the township of Eussell, Geauga county, and annex-
ing it to the southeast corner of Orange, Cuyahoga
county; making recompense by taking the same
amount from the northeast corner of Orange and an-
nexing it to Eussell. The latter tract, however, was
afterwards re-annexed to Orange.

In 1843 the census showed that there were a hund-
red and nine families in the village, with five hund-
red and forty members. There were twenty car-
penters, five cabinet makers, four wagon makers,
ten shoemakers, five merchants, three doctors and
two lawyers. This was considered a pretty good
showing for a village eight years old, and such
as would justify making a beginning in Journalism.
Accordingly C. T. Blakeslee, one of the lawyers just
mentioned, and John Brainard, afterwards a professor
of chemistry at Cleveland, and later holding the
official position of examiner of patents at Washing-
ton, combined their forces to start a newspaper. The
"forces" consisted of a little credit by means of which
they bought a hundred dollars' worth of type on time,
and of two pairs of hands with which they made the
press and everything else necessary to print their
paper, which they called the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Journal. Somewhat moi-e has been said of it in the
chapter of the general history devoted to the press, on
page one hundred and ninety.

In the spring of 1843, there was a good deal of ex-
citement over the prophecy of "Father Miller" that the
world was to be destroyed by fire on the 33d of April.
About that time Earl's woolen mills caught fire at
three o'clock in the morning. As the roof was satu-
rated with oil, it burned off with extraordinary rapid-
ity, casting its lurid glare over the whole village, and
far up and down the valley, over the darksome rocks
and flashing waters of the Chagrin. For a short time
some of the people thought there was something in
the Millerite talk, and that the destruction of the
world had possibly begun at Chagrin Palls.

Soon afterward. Deacon Harry White bought the
pond belonging to the woolen mill, and established
a manufactory of axes. As large numbers of people
were then at work clearing up the country, axes had
a ready sale near at hand, and Mr. White did a large
business. When the land was cleared up, however,
the factory was abandoned.

In 1844, both the Methodists and the Congrega-
tionalists built churches at the Palls, these being the
first houses of worship erected there.

At this time there was a daily line of stages run-
ing through the village, between Cleveland and War-
ren, and the coaches were generally loaded with pas-
sengers. The country had pretty well recovered from ■
the financial crisis of 1837, and Chagrin Palls began
to feel its dignity again. It was not satisfied with its
position in the corner of Orange, and began to moot
the question of having a township all to itself. Be-

CHAGRIN PALLS.

429

fore recording its organization, however, we must
jevert to another part of the territory which it was
made to inclnde.

Although Bentleyville had not kept pace with its
rival at the Palls, yet it boasted of no inconsiderable
business. In 1841 a chair factory was begun there
by C. P. Brooks, which did a good business and was
maintained for five or six years. About 1843 the old
grist mill was leased by Lyman Hatfield and turned
into a rake factory. This, however, was only kept
up about two years. There was also a factory of
wooden bowls at the same place. Besides these there
were shops of various kinds and fifteen or twenty res-
idences; so that a traveler, who descended into the
narrow dell where all this industry was exercised,
would certainly have thought that he had discovered
one of the most prosperous and promising villages in
the country. But from this time onward its prosper-
ity declined, its various industries went down one
after the other under the adverse power of floods, and
time, and competition, until now there is little indeed
to remind the spectator of its former flourishing con-
dition.

At this time (1844), also, the tract now included in
Chagrin Falls had been pretty well cleared up, con-
sidering the roughness of its surface, and thirty or
forty thriving farmers had established themselves in
its valleys and on its hillsides. And so the people of
the village and the neighboring farmers agreed that
it would be a good plan to have a new township,
though it is difficult to see what for. On application
to the county commissioners a township was formed
in the forepart of 1845,, to which the name of Chagrin
Palls was given, and which included lots six, seven,
eight, nine, ten, eleven, twenty-two, twenty-three
and twenty-four, in th^ northeast corner of Solon;
lots four, five, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thir-
teen, fourteen, fifteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen,
twenty and twenty-one in the southeast pai't of Or-
ange; and lots seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, also
in Orange at that time, but which had formerly been
a part of Russell, in Geauga county.

The first town meeting was held at the tavern of
A. Griswold on the 7th day of April, 1845. James
Grifiith, Samuel Pool and Pliny Kellogg acted as
judges of election, and Jedediah Hubbell and Alanson
Knox as clerks;, all being sworn in by Henry Church,
justice of the peace. The following ofiicers were
elected: Trustees, Stoughton Bentley, Ralph B. Rus-
sell, Boardman H. Bosworth; township clerk, Alan-
son Knox; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor. Rev.
John K. Hallock (removed from township and George
Stocking appointed in his place); overseers of the
poor, George Rath bun and Jedediah Hubbell, Jr.;
constable, Thomas M. Bayard; supervisors of high-
ways, Sherman S. Handerson, Obadiah Bliss, John
Mayhew, Phineas Upham, Duane Brown, John Good-
ell, Ralph E. Russell, Noah Graves.

Thus the township of Chagrin Palls was fairly
launched upon its separate existence. There was at

this time much talk of the construction of a railroad
through it from Cleveland to Pittsburg. In fact, a
line had been surveyed through the village the previ-
ous year, and the people, with their usual enterprise,
subscribed twenty-four thousand dollars to its stock.
The scheme, however, fell through. Whatever other
faults may have been laid to the account of the people
of Chagrin Palls, a lack of enterprise or intelligence
could never be justly charged against them. They
sought diligently to inform themselves on every sub-
ject which came before the public, (taking more
newspapers during the first twenty years of the exist-
ence of the village than were taken in any other place
of its size in the country), and liberally supported
every enterprise which gave reasonable promise of
promoting the public welfare. The only drawback
was that in their abounding zeal they were sometimes
inclined to support enterprises and encourage creeds
which did not give reasonable promise of promoting
the public welfare.

In 1847 the village of Chagrin Palls is described in
Howe's Historical Collections as containing one Con-
gregational, one Methodist Episcopal, one Wesleyan
Methodist, and one Free Will Baptist church, nine
stores, one axe and edge-tool factory, one sash factory,
one wheel and wheel-head factory, one wooden-bowl
factory, three woolen factories, one paper factory,
two flouring-mills, three sawmills, one furnace, one
carriage shop, two tin shops, three harness shops,
three cabinet shops, and twelve hundred inhabitants.
Probably the number of the iuhabibauts was some-
what exaggerated.

At this period, too, a good deal of attention was
given to the grindstone quarries on the banks of the
Chagrin, which were pronounced inexhaustible, and
were worked to a considerable extent. These have
been abandoned in later days, but it is by no means
improbable that they may again be opened in response
to the constantly increasing demand for that kind of
material for building purposes.

In 1848 the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad was
organized, and another large subscription was obtained
at Chagrin Palls, with tlie understanding that it
should run through that place. It was, however, lo-
cated through Solon. The same year the Chagrin
Palls and Cleveland Plank Road Company was char-
tered, and in this the people of the Palls invested fif-
teen thousand dollars. It was partly built in 1849,
and finished in 1850. It was not found to be remun-
erative, and was ere long abandoned, with the excep-
tion of the portion between Clevelind and Newburg.

There was always an earnest feeling manifested in
regard to education and all cognate subjects.' As
early as 1843 a literary association was formed, and a
few books were from time to time gathered. In 1847
Aristai'chus Champion, who, as before stated, was the
original owner of the land in Russell, began to build
a large hall, which he gave out was intended for the
use of the village. In 1848, having completed it, he
put in it some eight hundred volumes, which the citi-

430

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

zeos were allowed to use. The literary association
also deposited their books there, and the building was
known as Library Hall. Mr. Champion, however,
kept the title in himself, and after a few years he re-
moved the books and sold the hall. A board of edu-
cation was formed in 1849, after which educational
interests were supported with as much vigor as before,
and under a more thorough and comprehensive
system.

In 1852 the Painesville and Hudson railroad was
incorporated, with a capital of a million dollars, and a
line was surveyed through the Falls. So determined
were the people to have a communication with the
outside world, at any expense, that they subscribed
no less than two hundred thousand dollars, on con-
dition, however, that five hundred thousand should
be raised in all. This enterprise, too, could not be
carried out, and Chagrin Falls was left to depend on
lumber wagons as the principal means of communica-
tion with Cleveland, Painesville and the other ship-
ping places on the lake and canal.

Nevertheless, its extraordinary water-power, and
the energy of its citizens, kept the village in a pros-
perous condition. It was noted, too, for the good
taste displayed by the people in their dwellings and
the surroundings, and he who looked upon its white
cottages and well-kept yards might have thonght
himself in a New England village, enriched by the
labors of two centuries, rather than in one the site of
which had only twenty years before been a perfect
wilderness. In 1858 the Asbury Seminary building
was sold to the township for a union school, for which
purpose it has since been used.

Thus gently, but prosperouslj', passed the time,
until, in April, 1861, the guns of Sumter called the
nation to arms. The people of Chagrin Falls had
watched the course of events with even more than
the ordinary solicitude of the loyal North. Their pro-
clivity for reading and discussion had kept them wide
awake on the subject, and when the tocsin sounded
there was probably not a village nor a township of
the size in the United States which was more ready
to respond than were the village and township of
Chagrin Falls.

On Saturday evening after the fall of Sumter, a
large meeting was held in the village to provide for
answering the President's call. It was found impos-
sible to conclude that night, and another meeting Wfis
called for the next day. At that meeting nearly every
man and woman in the township was present, and a
large portion of the children. All the churches were
closed, for all the people felt that when the nation
was to be pulled out of the pit into which traitor
hands had flung it, all days could lawfully be em-
ployed. The most fiery, and yet the sternest, enthu-
siasm was manifested, and as the result of the meeting
the little township furnished a full company under
the President's call for three months' men. Before
they could be mustered in, however, the call was
changed, and their services were not accepted. A

large number of them at once transferred their ser-
vices to other organizations, and during the war no
less than a hundred and nine residents of Chagrin
Palls township enlisted in defense of the Union.
Their deeds are recorded in the histories of the reg-
iments to which they belonged, in the first part of
this woi'k, and there, also, their names ai-e enrolled.
Those who remained at home were equally anxious
to help to the best of their ability. On the third of
September, 1861, the Chagrin Palls Soldiers' Aid
Society was organized, and from thattimeuntilJune,
1865, under the efiicient leadership of its president,
Miss Jane B. Church, it was active in supplying the
needs of the gallant defenders of the Union. During
that time eight hundred and thirty-two dollars were
raised in cash for that purpose, and four hundred and
six dollars in supplies.

At the close it was found that there was a consider-
able amount in the treasury. It was resolved by the
members of the society to add somewhat to it, and to
use the whole in building a monument to the men of
the township who had been slain or had died in the
service. This resolution was carried out, and the
monument was erected during the summer in the
beautiful cemetery which overlooks the village from
the southeast. In September of the same year (1865),
it was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies in the
presence of an immense number of people fi-om that
and the surrounding townships. In connection with
the war we may note that Gen. Benjamin P. Pritch-
ard, of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, the captors of
Jefferson Davis, had previously for many years been
a resident of Chagrin Palls.

Since the war no remarkable excitement has
prevailed at Chagrin Palls, but there has been a
steady increase in business, and the village has lost
none of its old, firm reputation for enterprise and
intelligence. Bentleyville has entirely ceased to exist
as a place of manufactures or business. An attempt
was made about 1868 to revive the city of Griffiths-
burg, and a large new grist-mill was erected, but the
enterprise failed even before the requisite machinery
was placed in the mill. Several destructive fires have
occurred in Chagrin Palls village. A valuable row of
stores at the north end was burned in 1868, and in
1873 what was known as the Philadelphia Block was
also destroyed by fire. But these losses were repaired,
numerous handsome residences were erected, and
noAv, what with its picturesque scenery, its abundant
foliage, and the air of neatness and thrift which
everywhere, prevails. Chagrin Palls is one of the very
finest villages in northern Ohio. The number of its
respective business establishments, professional men,
mechanics, etc., is as as follows:

Paper mills, two; foundries, three; woolen mills, one;
machine shops, three; planing mills, two; wooden-
ware factory, one; lumber yard, one; grist mills,
two; banks, two; lawyers, two; physicians, three;
dentists, two; dry goods stores, three; groceries,
three; hardware stores, three; drug stores, three;

CHAGRIN FALLS.

book and wall-paper store, one; jewelry, two; photog-
rapher, one; furniture stores, two; shoe stores, three;
bakeries, two; millinery stores, four; fancy goods
^stores, two; tin shops, two; wagon shops, two; shoe
shops, two; blacksmith shops, five; harness shops,
two; marble shop, one.

We subjoin brief sketches of some of the principal
manufacturing establishments.

THE CHAGRIN FALLS PAPER COMPANY.

This establishment had its origin in 1840, when
Noah Graves put the necessary machinery into an old
sawmill, and began the manufacture of straw-paper
and wrapping-paper. In 1845} Charles Sears pur-
chased an interest, the firm becoming Graves & Sears.
They then began to make writing paper. In 1843
the firm became Sears & Brinsmade, and the manu-
facture of printing paper was commenced. In the
winter of 1843-4 Heaton & Daniels leased the mill,
but in less than a year Mr. Daniels sold his interest
to Thomas White. The firm of Heaton & White car-
ried on the establishment until 1847, when Mr. Sears
bought Heaton's interest. The business was contin-
ued by Sears & White until 1850. Younglove & Hoyt
then carried it on one year. At the end of that time
they were Joined by D. A. Davis and Lewis Sykes,
and those four, under the firm name of D. A. Davis
& Uo., carried on the business successfully until 1858.

In the latter year Mr. Davis and W. T. Upham
bought the mill of Noah Graves and increased its ca-
pacity. In 1860 Mr. Davis bought Mr. Underwood's
interest, and took his son, James Davis, as a partner.
This firm carried on the business until 1866, when
the mill was closed. It was soon re-opened, however,
and was owned in rapid succession by P. Warren, J.
G. Coleman, Pratt & Pope and Parker, Pope & Co.
In 1870 the latter firm began the manufacture of flour
sacks on an extensive scale.

In 1871 Mr. Parker sold out and the firm became
Pope & Bleasdale. They bought an old peg factory
and put in four large machines, and turned the old
"Union House " into a sack factory. In March, 1875,
Mr. Pope sold his interest to Mr. Bleasdale. The
mill closed the same year. By January, 1876, the
Chagrin Falls Paper Company had been organized,
and had acquired the property, the following gentle-
men being the directors : D. S. Pope, I. W. Pope, S.
L. Pope, S. I. Pope and David Smith. This comjiany
has carried on the establishment to the present time,
doing a very large business and employing about fifty
hands. The sack factory alone has a capacity of
twenty-five thousand sacks per day.

ADAMS & CO.'S PAPER MILL.

The site of this mill was originally occupied by
Bliss & Mayhew's flouring mill. It was changed into
a woolen factory by Bliss & Pool. It was then trans-
muted into a paper mill, under the proprietorship of
the Lake Erie Paper Mill Company. While it be-
longed to this company it was destroyed by fire. It

was afterwards rebuilt and passed into the hands of
Adams, Upham & Co. In 1872 Mr. Upham retired
and the firm became Adams & Co., who have since
been the proprietors. It is situated in the northeast-
ern part of the village, at the extreme upper end of
the rapids. The works occupy several large buildings
and do a very extensive business, being principally
devoted to the manufacture of manilla paper. Both
steam and water are used, and from fifty to sixty
hands are constantly given employment.

BULLARD & march's WOODEN WARE FACTORY.

This was established in 1843 by Curtiss Bullard and
Cornelius Northrop, spinning wheels, reels, etc., be-
ing then the principal article of manufacture. In
1848 Mr. Northrop sold his interest, and Mr. John
Bullard was taken into the firm, which took the name
of C. Bullard & Son. In 1857 it became C. Bullard
& Sons, on the admission of Orson C. Bullard. New
machinery was added about this time, and what is
called "kitchen wooden ware" became the principal
article of manufacture. In 1867 the Junior owner
died, and the firm again became C. Bullard & Son.
The business continued to increase, and was carried
on by that firm until 1873, when Curtiss Bullard died.
In 1875 J. S. Bullard became the sole proprietor and
remained so until January, 1877, when Mr. George
March purchased an interest and the firm became
Bullard & March.

In 1866 the firm obtained a patent for a new kind
of butter mould, and this has since become the prin-
cipal article of manufacture. Over a quarter of a
million of these moulds are now made in a single year
and the demand is steadily increasing. Immense
numbers of butter prints, rolling pins, etc., etc., are
also made, all being sold exclusively at wholesale, and
being shipped to all parts of the continent.

WILLIAMS' FOUNDRY AND THIMBLE SKEIN FACTORY.

This establishment originated in the furnace
erected by Benajah Williams in 1844, and has ever
since been in the hands either of Mr. Williams or of
his son, J. W. Williams, or as now, J. W. Williams
& Son. From the manufacture of the simplest and
rudest iron articles used in the immediate neighbor-
hood, the establishment has progressed until its prod-
ucts are now shipped by wholesale to all parts of
Ohio and into several of the adjacent States.

For many years the principal article produced has
been the "seamless thimble skein," known as the
" Williams skein," and celebrated for its convenience
and durability. Numerous other iron articles, how-
ever, are also manufactured, including sad-irons,
bolster plates, pruning tools, pump reels, etc., besides
a large number of wooden articles, such as axe han-
dles, whiflietrees, etc.; all being renowned for their
good quality, and the whole establishment, by its em-
ployment of twenty artisans, contributing largely to
the prosperity of the village in which it is situated.

433

THE T^OWNSHIPS op CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

gauntt's machine shop.

Adin Gauntt started the first maehine shop in the
place in 1844, in a part of Eowe's carriage shop.
After nine years of steadily increasing business, he
bought the Maple Grange woolen factory in 1853,
where for two years he made machinery for working
wool and flax. After four years' absence he returned
in 1859, and has since been constantly engaged in the
manufacture of various kinds of machinery. He now
has a large shop in the lower part of the village,
where he manufactures planers, matchers, small
steam engines, horse powers, etc., as well as all kinds
of especially intricate machinery.

OBER brothers' PLANING MACHINE, ETC.

This establishment was built by the present propri-
etors in 1873, being a sawmill, together with machines
for planing and matching lumber, making mouldings,
sash and blinds, and similar articles. A valuable
lathe for irregular work has been patented by George
Ober, and the whole establishment is in a highly
flourishing condition.

OTHER MANUFACTURES.

Other manufactures besides the above are the Cha-
grin Falls woolen mills, Eose Brothers' foundry, with
Ira Smith's machine shop, D. Christian's foundry,
W. A. Burnet's machine shop, J. 0. Malin's planing
mill, and the Chagrin Palls marble works, begun in
1877 by H. A. Sheffield.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This was organized as an independent Congrega-
tional church on the 26th day of July, 1835, the fol-
lowing being the first members; Thomas N. AVest,
Rebecca R. West, Alexander H. Hart, Polly Hart,
Timothy W. Osborn, Sarah Osborn, Salome Crosby,
Andrew Dickinson and Thomas West. On the 10th
of June, 1836, the church was received into the Inde-
pendent Congregational Union of Northern Ohio.
On the 2d of January, 1837, it withdrew from that
connection, and entered the General Association of
the Western Reserve.

For eight years after the organization the pulpit
was occupied by various temporary supplies, of whom
no record has been kept. Rev. John S. Barris
preached from 1843 to 1845. Rev. Abram Nast began
to serve the church as pastor on the 15th of October,
1845. On the 5th of January, 1847, a constitution
was formed, and the church once more became inde-
pendent.

In 1850 Rev. Mr. Hopkins officiated as pastor. In
September, ISol, Rev. E.D. Taylor began to servf
the church in that capacity, and continued untii
1855. He was succeeded by Rev. Josiah Cannon,
who closed his services in July, 1857. In June of that
year the church united with the Cleveland presbyter\
of the New School Presbyterian Church.

For many years after this no records show the pro-
ceedings of the church, and in fact, owing to the wa;

and various circumstances, during much of the time
there were no regular services. In 1869 a decided
effort was made to revive and strengthen the church.
On the 14th of April, in that year, it was legally in-
corporated under the name of the First Congrega-
tional Church of Chagrin Falls. In October follow-
ing, the Rev. G. W. Walker was called to the pastor-
ate, and since that time the chui'ch has been steadily
growing in numbers and usefulness.

Mr. Walker officiated until 1872, when he retired
to take part in the government of Atlanta University,
Georgia. He was succeeded in January, 1873, by
Rev. T. D. Childs, who remained until May, 1874.
At that time Rev. A. D. Barber was called to the
pulpit, which he occupied for two years. Rev. Wil-
liam Woodmansee also served for two years, and was
succeeded in October, 1878, by Rev. Edmund Gail.

The church is now in a flourishing condition, hav-
ing about a hundred and ten members. The Sabbath
school attached to it has seventy-five members. The
deacons are (in 1878) Lewis Gilbert, John Ober and
R. W. Walters; the trustees, D. C. Eggleston, John
S. Bullard and R. W. Walters; the clerk, George
March.

THE METHODIST CHURCH.

As soon as any considerable number of persons
were settled in the township, the indefatigable Metho-
dist ministers began to go "on circuit" among them,
preaching to those of their faith and to whomsoever
else might be willing to listen to their words. Down
to 1844 the services were held in school-houses and
private houses, there being no other means of accom-
modation. In the summer of that year, however, a
Methodist church was erected at the village of Cha-
grm Falls, which has ever since been occupied by the
by the members of that denomination.

Chagrin Falls was a part of a very extensive cir-
cuit. The visits of the ministers were necessarily
infrequent, and the records kept were of the most
meager description. We find, however, that in 1854
the circuit contained Chagrin Falls, Mayfield, Gates'
Mills, Bainbridge, Orange Hill, Orange Center, Solon,
Russell and Chester. The circuit ministers were Rev.
Messrs. Patterson and Pouts. These two, together
with Rev. D. C. Wright, also served on the circuit in
1855. In 1857 Ciiagrin Palls and Solon were made
a circuit by themselves, on which Rev. E. J. Kenney
served in 1857 and '58, and Rev. T. Guy in 1859, '60
and '61. Since that time Chagrin Falls has been a
separate station, with the following ministers:

Thomas Stubbs, 1862, '63 and '64; John Graham,
part of 1864; H. N. Stearns, 1865 and '66; John
O'Neal, 1867; Geo. J. Bliss, 1868; C. T. Kingsbury,
1869 and '70; G. W. Chessebro, 1871; N. H. Holmes,
1872 and '73; W. T. Wilson, 1874; B. Bxcell, 1875
and '76; A. H. Dormer, 1877 and '78.

THE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

Rev. Adamson Bentley was unquestionably the
principal person engaged in founding the Disciple

OHAGRm FALLS.

433

Church in Chagrin Falls. In February, 1831, he
moved to the point now known as Bentleyville, and
at once began preaching in the nearest log school
house. Before long there were abojit thirty believers
gathered, and a church was constituted under the
general superintendence of Mr. Bentley, with Gama-
liel Kent as assistant overseer. The first deacons
were R. B. Russell and Zadoc Bowell. For several
years the congregation usually met at the Griffith
school-house; afterwards at the village of Chagrin
Falls.

In 1846 a large tent-meeting of the Disciples of
Cuyahoga and Geauga counties was held at Chagrin
Falls, which was attended by the venerable Alexander
Campbell, the most prominent minister of the de-
nomination. Shortly afterward a church building
was erected by the Disciples at Chagrin Falls, which
has since been occupied by them. In 1849 lectures
on the evidences of«Christianity were delivered at the
Falls by Rev. Isaac Errett, one of the ablest and
most logical of the Disciple ministers. Nine years
later, James A. Garfield, then a young Disciple min-
ister, since distinguished as a soldier and a statesman,
defended the cause of Christianity in a vigorous dis-
cussion with Dutton, a celebrated infidel lecturer, in
which the youthful champion displayed much of that
thoroughness of information and closeness of reason-
ing for which he has in later years become celebrated
on a wider field.

Since the war the church has steadily increased in
numbers and vigor, and now contains about a hun-
dred and forty members, with the following officers:
J. G. Coleman and C. H. Welton, overseers; George
M. King, Ransom Bliss and Martin Bentley, deacons;
Mrs. Jennie Burns, Mrs. Louisa M. Tucker, Mrs.
Calista McClintock, deaconesses.

Ministers have not been regularly employed during
the whole of the time since the organization of the
church, but have been during a large part of it; the
following being the principal persons who have oc-
cupied the pulpit: Adamson Bentley, Wm. Hayden,
W. S. Hamlin, W. T. Horner, James A. Garfield, J.
H. Rhodes, B. A. Hinsdale, Sterling McBride, R. G.
White, W. S. Hayden, J. G. Coleman, Andrew
Burns (1873 to 1878)t and James Vernon, the present
incumbent.

THE FKEB WILL BAPTIST CHUECH.

This church was originally organized on the 25th
day of August, 1839, at the Isham school house in
the township of Russell, Geauga county, by Rev. A.
K. Moulton, with nine members, viz. : Henry E.
Whipple, John Walters, Reuben R. Walters, Jehiel
Goodwill, Emily Walters, Sarah S. Morse, Hannah
Mason, Faustina L. McConoughy, Lucy Goodwill.
The first pastor was A. K. Moulton; the first deacon,
appointed in January, 1840, was John Walters, who
still holds that position; the second deacon was Wm.
S. Phillips.

In February, 1841, the church was legally incor-
porated by the name of the Russell Free Will Baptist
Church, and in August following, John Walters,
Otis B. Bliss and R. R. Walters were elected trustees.

Mr. Moulton's pastorate closed in September, 1841.
A year or two later the congregation, having in-
creased in members, began the erection of the framed
house of worship at Chagrin Falls still occupied by
them. It was dedicated in 1844, but was not finished
until 1845. In February of the latter year the church
took the name of the Chagrin Falls First Free Will
Baptist Church.

We are able to give a full list of the pastors with
their terms of service, the church record being of ex-
ceptional excellence. A. K. Moulton, August, 1839
to September, 1841; A. R. Crafts, January, 1843 to
April, 1843; Walter D. Stanard, June, 1843 to Au-
gust, 1844; P. W. Belknap, six months; A. R. Crafts
one year; B. H. Higbee, June, 1846 to February,
1848; G. H. Ball, May, 1849 to November, 1849;
ISTorman Star, January, 1850 to January, 1851.
From this time until 1858 there was no regular pas-
tor, the pulpit being supplied by the Rev. Messrs.
Daniel H. Miller, D. W. Edwards, J. C. Miller, and
others. Rev. E. 'N. Wright was pastor from February,
1858, nearly three years. The pulpit was then sup-
plied by Rev. Messrs. Darius Woodworth, R. Clark,
E. H. Higbee, R. Coley and others. Wm. L. Hosier
served from April, 1863 to July, 1863. George
Thomas and others supplied the place of a pastor un-
til October, 1864. Rev. B. E. Baker served from
that time until October, 1867; W. Whitacre, from
October, 1867 to February, 1873; C. Steele from
then till the present time.

During these years there have been two hundred
and seventy-seven members of the church, the pre-
sent number being sixty-four. The present officers
(1878) are as follows: Deacon, John Walters; trus-
tees, Wm. E. Walters, Augustus R. Vincent, Irwin
N. Warner; clerk, R. R. Walters.

THE BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHUECH.

The Bible Christian Church at Chagrin Falls was
organized in 1846 with seventeen members. The
denomination, which resembles the Methodists in
many respects, is of English origin, and this church
was established on account of the migration of a
number of English families hither shortly before the
year just mentioned.

In 1851 the church had increased so that it was
able to build a small, framed house of worship, which
was occupied by them until 1874, when the present
commodious brick edifice was erected. The society
was legally incorporated in 1869.

The ministers have been Rev. Messrs. George Rip-
pin, John Chapel, Joseph Hodge, William Roach,
William Hooper, George Haycraft, John Pinch, L.
W. Nicket, J. Harris, J. Chapel, R. Mallet and L.
W. Nicket again. The church rs now in a fiourish-

434

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ing condition, with sixty-two members, and with a
Sunday school of about ninety members.

GOLDEN GATE LODGE NO. 345, F. AND A. M.

This lodge was chartered on the 19th day of Octo-
ber, 1854, the following being the charter members:
Caleb Earl, Orison Cathan, Jonathan Cole, Apollo
Hewitt, Roderick White, Nathan Hobart, S. B. Kel-
logg, Samuel Sunderland, Thomas White, L. D. Mix,
Henry Burnet.

The Worthy Masters in succession have been as
follows: Caleb Earl, L. D. Mix, D. A. Davis, S. L.
Wilkinson, M. A. Lander, C. M. Foote, R. W. Wal-
ters, H. M. Doty.

The following officers were in authority in 1878;
H. M. Doty, W. M. ; C. M. Foote, S. W. ; James
Lowrie, J. W. ; F. E. Adams, treasurer; E. W. Force,
secretary; Philip Heintz, S. D.; J. W. Smith, J. D.;
S. A. Bayard, tyler.

CHAGEIN FALLS LODGE NO. 290, I. 0. 0. F.

This lodge was organized on the 29th day of June,
1855, the charter members being Thomas M. Bayard,
John W. Williams, H. A. Robinson, Uriah Ackley
and Bennett Robbins. The following gentlemen have
served in succession as Noble Grands of the lodge for
one term of six months each, uuless otherwise speci-
fied: J. M. Bayard, J. W. Williams, H. A. Robinson,
S. N. Pelton (two terms), J. A. Foote (two terms),
W. W. Ainger, G. S. Rathbun, H. W. Curtis, E.
Sheffield, J. H. Vincent, L. A. Sunderland, L. B.
McFarland, D. White, H. H. Caley (two terms), A.
H. Burnett (two terms), H. Washburn, G. F. Stan-
hope, W. T. Armour, W^ E. Walters, W. A. Braund,
George Thomas, L. 0. Harris, R. W. Walters,
J. J. Davis, W. W. Phillips, C. R. Bliss, John
Brooks, W. D. Stannard, D. Goddard, 0. F. Frazer,
E. F. Douglas, H. A. Pardee, M. H. Isham, W. W.
Wilber, 0. A. Crane, John Armour, A. B. Gardner
(two terms), H. U. Bigelow, Wilson Wyckoff, John
Haggett, M. F. Brewster.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. ■*

1845. Trustees, Ralph E, Russell, StougMon Bentley, B. H. Bosworth;
clerk, A. Knox; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor, George Stocking.

1846. Trustees, B. H. Bosworth, R. E. Russell, Charles E. Morton;
clerk, A. Knox; treasurer, O. Bliss; assessor, Geo. Stocking.

1847. Trustees, B. H. Bosworth, R. E. Russell, Harmon Barrows;
clerk, David Birchard; treasurer, John Mayhew; assessor, Noah Graves.

1848. Trustees, R. E. Russell, Leonard Sampson, E. P. Wolcott; clerk,
David Birchard; treasurer, J. A. Brown; assessor, Noah Graves.

1840. Trustees, R. E. Russell, E. P. Wolcott, Samuel Pool; clerk,
Thomas Shaw; treasurer, Abel Fisher; assessor, N. Graves.

1850. Trustees, R. E. Russell, L. Lampson, Hannibal Goodell; clerk'
L. D. Mix; treasurer, Chas. Force; assessor, N. Graves.

1851. Trustees, E. P. Wolcott, S. Pool, R. E. Russell; clerk, A. J. Wil-
liams; treasurer, A. Fisher; assessor, N. Graves.

1853. Trustees, Horace Waite, S. Pool, R. E. Russell; clerk, John V.
Smith; treasurer, A. Fisher; assessor, Geo. Faukell.

1853. Trustees, S. Pool, Geo. Gladden, H. Goodell; clerk, S. K. Col-
lins; treasurer, J. H. Burnet; assessor, Geo. Faukell.

1854. Trustees, Alonzo Harlow, H. Goodell, Ephraim Sheffield; clerk,
S. K. Collins; treasurer, J. H, Burnett; assessor, J. W. Williams.

1855. Trustees, H. Goodell, A. Harlow, E. Sheffield; clerk, E. P. Wol-
cott; treasurer, A. XJpham; assessor, Jonathan Cole.

1856. Trustees, H. GoodeU, E. Sheffield, E. R. Sage; clerk, A. Harlow;
treasurer, A. Upham; assessor, J. Cole.

1857. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. Upham; clerk, Thomas
Shaw; treasurer, G. B. Rogers; assessor, G. G. Msrris.

1858. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. TTpham; clerk, Thomas
Shaw; treasurer, G. B. Rogers; assessor, S. L. Wilkinson.

1859. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. Upham; clerk, h. D. Mix;
treasurer, Chas. Force; assessor, L. B. McFarland.

1860. Trustees, S. Pool, Orrin Nash, H. Goodell; clerk, T. Shaw; treas-
urer, A. Upham ; assessor, E. B. Upham.

1861. L. E. Goodwin, E. Sheffield, Julius Kent; clerk, Thomas Shaw;
treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston.

1862. Trustees, E. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, T. Shaw;
treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston.

1863. Trustees, B. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, Lucius
E. Goodwin; treasurer, L. B. McFarlind; assessor, E. M. Eggleston.

1864. Trustees, E. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, W. J.
Armour; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston.

1865. Trustees, Charles Force, E. Sheffield, E. M. Eggleston; clerk,
W. J. Armour; treasurer, L, B. McFarland; assessor, E. B. Upham.

1866. Trustees, E. Sheffield, C. Force, W. W. Collins; clerk, W. J. Ar-
mour; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, L. A. Sunderland.

1867. Trustees, E. Sheffield, W. W. Collins, H. Goodell; clerk, George
King ; treasurer, Th. Shaw ; assessor, A. H. Rogers.

1868. Trustees, C. Force, S. W. Brewster, Silas Christian; clerk, Elea-
zer Goodwin; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham.

1869. Trustees, C. Force, S. W. Brewster, Silas Christian; clerk, C. E.
Bliss; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham.

1870. Trustees, C. Force, S. Christian, J. G. Coleman; clerk, W. H.
Caley; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham.

1871. Trustees, J. G. Coleman, S. Christian, Washington Gates; clerk,
W. H. Caley; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, George Gladden.

1873. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutohings, Alex. Frazer; clerk, Aus-
tin Church; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, George Gladden.

1873. Trustees, C. Force, W. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church;
treasurer, T. Shaw ; assessor. Geo. Gladden.

1874. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church;
treasurer, Alfred Williams; assessor, George Gladden.

1875. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church;
treasurer, A. Williams; assessor, George Gladden.

1876. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church;
treasurer, A. Williams; assessor, George Gladden.

1877. Trustees, Z. K. Eggleston, Wm. Hutchings, A. Church; clerk,
D. O. Davis; treasurer, Joseph J. Davis; assessor, George Gladden.

1878. Trustees, Chas. Force, Alfred Church, Wm. Hutchings; clerk
D. O. Davis; treasurer, J. J. Davis; assessor, Geo. Gladden.

1879. Trustees, Austin Church, Z. K. Eggleston, Silas Christian; clerk,
D. O. Davis; treasurer, J. J. Davis; assessor, L. O. Harris.

HARVEY W, CURTISS.

Harvey Willard Curtiss, M. D., was born at Charle.s-
town. Portage county, Ohio, on the 32nd day of Feb-
ruary, 1824. He is the son of Chauncey B. Curtiss, a
leading farmer and a man of large social and political
influence in Portage county, who takes an active in-
terest in public affairs, and has filled at different times
numerous local offices of trust.

The subject of this notice studied at and was
graduated from the Grand River Institute, in Ash-
tabula county. In 1849 he commenced the study of
medicine, and in 1851 was graduated from Cleveland
Medical College. He entered upon the practice of
his profession in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, but was
obliged, on account of ill health, to leave the city.
He then, in 1853, removed to Chagrin Falls, Ohio,
where he has since resided.

Like his father, he early became interested in polit-
ical affairs, and when but nineteen years of age
"stumped" his native county in the interests of the
Liberty party of that day. Upon the organization of
the Republican party he united with that body, and
became active in local politics.

In the fall of 18G9 he was elected a representative
from Cuyahoga county in the Ohio legislature, taking

DOVBE.

435

his seat in January, 1870. The question whether
Ohio should ratify the fifteenth amendment to the
United States constitution was before the legislature
during that year and Mr. Curtiss took an active part
in securing the ratification. He served as a member
of the committees on railroads and benevolent insti-
tutions. In 1871 he was re-elected to the legislature,
and on taking his seat in 1872 was appointed chair-
man of the committee on railroads, besides holding
places on several other committees. During this term
a number of bills of more or less importance were ad-
vocated by him with marked success. He also intro-
duced a bill for the prevention of cruelty to animals,
the first legislation on this subject in the State. This
bill met with great opposition, but by persistent ef-
forts of Dr. Curtiss and some others, a majority of the
legislature was convinced of its propriety and it was
duly passed.

In October, 1873, he was elected to the State senate.
The political party to which he belonged was in the
minoritv at that time, and hence he was assigned to
inferior places on committees. Instead of forwarding
desirable measures he was engaged in combating those
he considered deletei'ious, among the most noted of
which was the "Geghan bill," which it was claimed
was introduced and pressed in the interest of the Eo-
man Catholic church. In 1875 he was again elected
to the senate, and served as president jiro tern. Upon
the resignation of Gov. Hayes and the installation of
the lieutenant governor as acting governor in the
spring of 1877, Mr. Curtiss was made president of the
senate and acting lieutenant governor. He took an
active part in the debates during this term.

In the fall of 1877 Dr. Curtiss peremptorily refused
to become a candidate for renomination, and in-
structed the delegates from his township under no cir-
cumstances tO' allow his name to go before the conven-
tion. There was, however, such a strong desire to see
him again in the field, that one hour before the con-
vention organized parties were dispatched to the Her-
ald o&.cq and a few ballots were hurriedly printed.
Upon the second ballot Dr. Curtiss was renominated
over four competitors. He accepted with great re-
luctance, but was elected and served the full term of
two years.

In addition to his legislative duties he has taken an
active and a prominent part in the administration of
local affairs. He served for fifteen years as a member
of the village school board, and then resigned. Three
years after he was again induced to become a candi-
date, and in the spring of 1879 his name was placed
on both tickets. He was re-elected by an almost unan-
imous vote.

As a politician he ever preserved the strictest honor
and integrity. Possessing great ability, tact and skill
as a legislator, he always exerted his influence in the
cause of right and justice. During the rebellion he
was an ardent supporter of the Union, and contrib-
uted in different ways to the assistance of the National
cause. He is an active and valued member of the

Masonic order, and also of the order of Odd Fel-
lows.

Dr. Curtiss is a man of strong and unflinching will.
He is willing to receive the advice of others, but when
he has once decided on his course, adheres to it with
extraordinary firmness. As a physician he has been
pre-eminently successful, and has attained a wide
celebrity. Of dignified presence, courteous address
and high character, he is in evei-y way fitted for his
profession of physician, as well as for the position of
a representative of the people. In Chagrin Palls he
is to a considerable extent the adviser of both poor
and rich, quite a number of the citizens making a
consultation with Dr. Curtiss the first step in any im-
portant transaction. He was married in 1846 to Miss
Olive B. Eood of Charlestown. They have had four
children: D wight C, engaged in the manufacture of
paper in Aliron; Dan P., a promising lad who died at
the age of thirteen; Paul, and Virginia.

CHAPTEE LXXIII.

DOVEK.

Boundaries, Surface, etc.— Attractions as a Place of Residence— Early
Settlement— Joseph Cahoon— The Old Tea Kettle— Oahoon Pioneer
Association— A Large Hiding Whip— Asahel Porter— First Store—
Leverett Johnson— Philo Taylor— Dr. Turner— The Flat-iron Cure-
Other Pioneers— Blood's Tavern— J. & N. Crocker— Moses Hall and
Family— Amos Sperry- Sylvanus Smith and Others— First Births and
Marriages — Drowning of Mrs. Porter— Captured by Indians— Civil Or-
ganization—First Election and Offlcers— List of Principal Ofacers—
Dover Center and North Dover- Post Offtoes— Second. Congregational
Church— Methodist Church at Dover Center— Lake Shore Methodist
Church— First Baptist Church— St. John's Church— Lutheran Church
— Schools- Dover Academy— Agricultural Society— Dover Lodge, I. O.
O. F. Northwest Encampment— Daughters of Eebekah— Other Or-
ganizations—Burial Places— Dover Furnace— The Grist Mill, Etc.—
Wischmeyer's Vineyards— Dover L ay Grape Company— Stone Quar-

Thb township of Dover, which occupies the extreme
northwestern corner of Cuyahoga county, is bound-
ed by Lake Erie on the north; by the township of
Olmsted on the south ; by Eockport on the east, and
by Avon, in Lorain county, on the west. It is town-
ship number seven in range fifteen, and covers an
area of about twenty-five square miles. The surface
is generally level or gently undulating, the soil is
fruitful, and the people are chiefly engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits.

The farmers as a rule are men of education and
good understanding, and they have not only trans-
formed the forest of sixty years ago into fine-looking
farms, but they have also embellished it with many
handsome residences — evidences at once of refinement
and wealth. The lake shore region is largely devoted
to the culture of the grape, the business being exten-
sive and profitable. Fruit-growing has latterly re-
ceived liberal attention in all parts of the township,
and in time this branch of agriculture is likely to be-
come very important. The public roads are numer-
ous and well constructed, but as yet the limits of
Dover have been untouched by a railway, although
there is convenient railway communication at stations

436

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

near at hand in other townships. Although there
are numerous small streams their water power is
feeble, and is used to only a very limited extent. As
a place of residence, especially in the summer time
and near the lake shore, Dover has attracted much
attention, and in the season mentioned many come
within its borders to seek the healthful atmosphere
and cooling zephyrs found upon the bluffs which
overlook Lake Erie.

EARLY SETTLEMEN"T.

The first white person to settle in what is now the
township of Dover was Joseph Cahoon, who migrated
with his family from Vergennes, Vermont, and on
the morning of October 10, 1810, located upon land
purchased of Datus Kelley, the agent for Hubbard &
Stowe, the Connecticut owners of this portion of the
Western Reserve. Mr. Gaboon's family consisted of
himself, wife and seven children, of which latter the
only one now living is Joel B. Cahoon, who, at the
age of eighty-six, still resides ou the old homestead.
They traveled from Vermont to Dover in a wagon
drawn by four horses, and a fifth horse was ridden by
the girls in turn, in order to give some relief to a ter-
ribly tedious journey. They finally stopped on lot
eighty-five, on the east side of Cahoon creek, at its
mouth. In four days Mr. Cahoon had completed a
log house, the big wagon-box having meanwhile
served as a place of nightly repose for the females of
the family.

The tea-kettle which did duty on the occasion of
the first meal taken by the Cahoon family in Dover
is still in the possession of Joel B. Cahoon, and at the
first celebration by the Gaboon Pioneer Association
(held October 10, 1860, on the spot where Joseph
Cahoon built his log house in 1810), a fire was built
on the old hearth-stone, tea was steeped in the old
tea kettle, and pies were eaten and made from apples
borne by the first fruit-tree set out in the township.
The Gaboon Pioneer Association, it may be noted,
has for its purpose the annual celebration in a pleas-
ant and social way of Joseph Gaboon's settlement in
Dover. Meetings are held upon the, Cahoon place,
and are participated in only by members of the Ca-
hoon family and their immediate friends. At the
meeting in 1878, about one hundred and twenty per-
sons were present. These assemblages were held for
a few years upon each 10th of October — the anniver-
sary of Joseph Gaboon's settlement — but, in deference
to the wishes of some aged people, the date was
changed to August 28, the anniversary of that gentle-
man's birth.

Joseph Cahoon built upon Gaboon's creek the first
grist-mill west of the Cuyahoga river, the frame being
raised September 10, 18ia,* the day of Perry's vic-

* There seems to have been a good deal of building and raising on the
lake shore that day. One lot of men were finishing the court-house at
Cleveland; another was raising a barn in Euclid; Mr. Cahoon and his
friends were raising a grist-miU ia Dover, and there were perhaps other
instances, of which we have not heard.

tory. Joseph and his son, Joel B., quarried two mill-
stones in the creek at North Dover, and these stones
are now preserved on Mr. Gaboon's place as relics of
the olden time. They also erected a saw-mill near
by, and likewise a distillery, where they made peach
brandy — Mr. Cahoon engaging to some extent in
peach culture.

In 1814 Joel was sent by his father to Brownhelm
for a man to assist in the distillery, and before he set
out on his return he pulled a small locust plant for a
riding whip. When he reached home he planted it
upon his father's place, and now the riding whip,
grown to a handsome tree of massive proportions,
shades the lawn in front of the Gaboon homestead, a
graceful reminder of the historic past.

In 1818 Joseph Gaboon built the house now occu-
pied by his son Joel B., and there he died in 1829, at
the age of seventy-five.

On the evening of the day on which Joseph Ga-
boon and his family entered Dover (October 10, 1810),
Asahel Porter and his family, together with Leverett
Johnson (his nephew), then in his seventeenth year,
came into the same township. Leverett Johnson had
been living with the family in Connecticut, whence
they came to Dover. Mr. Porter, with the assist-
ance of Grcorge Peake, of Eoekport, put up a log
house upon lot ninety-four, now occupied by Charles
Hassler. The sjDot upon which the house stood was
long ago washed into the lake. Of the two children
who came with Mr. Porter, one, Mrs. Catharine
Foot, still resides in Dover, aged seventy-three. Mrs.
Porter was drowned in Eocky river in 1814, and not
long after that event Mr. Porter removed to Eoek-
port, after renting his Dover farm to Silas and Elisha
Taylor. Before that, however, he kept a store on the
lake shore, in Dover, and was postmaster there in
1815. The book in which he kept his store accounts
is now in the possession of L. H. Johnson, Esq., of
Dover.

Almost immediately after his arrival in Dover,
Leverett Johnson, although scarcely more than a boy,
began alone to clear land on lot fifty-eight, continuing
to live, however, with Mr. Porter. Two years later
young Johnson located upon lot thirteen, where his
son, L. H. Johnson, now resides. Usually he spent
his Sundays at Mr. Porter's, but during the week
lived alone in the wilderness. During the first sea-
son his house consisted of a bark roof set against an
old log. He was the only settler in that section, and
no doubt found life somewhat lonesome; but he
worked sturdily away, and, although Indians and
wild beasts were plentiful, he suffered no molestation.
The Indians were friendly, and sometimes assisted
him in his farm labors; the wild beasts he scared away
at night by keeping up a fire. Young Johnson mar-
ried Abigail Gaboon in 1814, and conducted his bride
to a new log-house, which be had that year erected
upon his farm.

Mr. Johnson was early a prominent member of the
settlement, and during his life was frequently called

DOVER.

437

to fill positions of considerable importance. He was
justice of the peace from 1827 to 1833, and served
five terms in the State legislature. After a useful
life of unwonted activity, he died upon the old home-
stead in 1856, in his sixty-secftud year.

Philo Taylor, an early settler in Rockport, located
on the lake shore in Dover, in 1811, and there built
the first sawmill in the township. He also opened
the first tavern in Dover, but remained in the town-
ship only a few years. Dr. John Turner, also a Rock-
port settler, moved thence to Dover in 1813, locating
on the place no\v occupied by C. C. Reed. He was
the first physician in the township, and had a pecul-
iar theory about consumption. He contended that
if the patient would exercise daily by swinging a flat-
iron in each hand, a cure would be effected. His
wife, being consumptive, tried the remedy, but died
in spite of it. Dr. Turner afterwards moved to
Carlisle, Ohio, and thence to Wisconsin, where he
died.

Joseph Stocking came out from Ashfield, Massachu-
setts, with his uncle, Jonathan Smith, in 1811, and
purchased land from the latter, in Dover. He re-
turned to Massachusetts for his family, but postponed
their removal on account of the war of 1812. In 1815,
however, he migrated to Dover with his wife and five
children, accompanied by Nehemiah Porter, John
Smith, Asa Blood, Wells Porter, Jesse Lilly and
Eyal Holden — all being related to him by blood or
marriage. He migrated to Dover, and located upon
the place now occupied by his son Joseph. There he
lived until his death in 1877, at the age of ninety-five
years and three months.

Jesse Lilly settled first upon the North Ridge, but
moved subsequently to the southern part of the town-
ship. John Smith located on lot fifty-five, and Ryal
Holden about a mile and a half west of the present
village of Dover Center. Soon after his arrival, Asa
Blood built a log tavern at the place where he after-
wards erected the brick hotel now kept by Philip
Phillips. In 1825, when Blood was postmaster, one
Woolverton drove a mail stage between Cleveland and
Elyria, and delivered the mail at Dover Center three
times a week.

Nehemiah Porter, with his wife and two children,
and Wells Porter, a bachelor, located on lot forty-five.
After residing with Nehemiah two years. Wells made
a settlement upon lot fifteen. In 1816 Bbenezer
Porter also came to Dover. Nehemiah and Ebenezer
resided in that township until they died; Wells
moved to Cleveland, and ended his days there. Jede-
diah Crocker moved in June, 1811, from Lee, Mass-
achusetts, with his wife and seven children, to Euclid,
Ohio, whence Noah, his son, went to Dover, where
the elder owned land. Noah, with his wife and three
children, settled upon a portion of his father's land,
and besides giving it some of his attention, used to
go occasionally to Elyria to work in a furnace. He
resided in Dover until his death; his children all re-
moved farther west. In 1816 Jedediah Crocker left

Euclid, and with his family settled in Dover, upon
the place cleared by his son Noah. The old gentle-
inan had purchased considerable land in Dover from
Hubbard & Stowe in Connecticut, but after his ar-
rival in the West sold all of it except two lots, at
$1.25 per acre — just what it had cost him. At the
time of his settlement his nearest neighbors were
Barnabas Hall, Thomas Foot, Sylvanus Phinney,
Bernard Case, Jesse Lilly, Jonathan Smith, and
Henry and Jasher Taylor.

Moses Hall, of Lee, Massachusetts, bought twenty-
one hundred acres of land in Dover in 1810, and in
the same year removed with his twelve children to
Ashtabula, Ohio. Of the Dover tract, he gave to
each of his seven sons one hundred acres, and to each
of his five daughters fifty acres. Two of his sons
Barnabas and James, and one of his daughters, with
her husband, Nathan Bassett, settled in Dover in
1811. Barnabas Hall located on lot sixty-two, now
occupied by his son Charles, and remained there till
his death. James settled upon lot fifty-one, but in
1821 returned to Ashtabula, where he has since re-
sided, having in July, 1879, reached his eighty-
eighth year. Nathan Bassett occupied lot eighty-two.
He had a turning-lathe, and manufactured chairs,
and was also known far and near as a great hunter
and manager of bees. He was killed by lightning
while at work in his barn in 1842. Nancy, another
daughter of Moses Hall, married David Ingersoll,
and in 1820 they settled in Dover upon lot thirty-
seven. They had seven children, but survived them
all; he dying in January, 1879, aged eighty-three,
and she in April of the same year, aged eighty.
Charles, a son of Moses Hall, settled in Dover in 1821,
upon lot forty-eight. He died in April, 1878. His
surviving sons in Dover are Reuben and Z. S. Hall.

In 1817 Jesse Atwell, with his wife and five chil-
dren, came from Steuben county. New York, and on
the 4th of July landed at Cleveland. From there
they pushed on to Dover, traveling so slowly that
they were a day and a half in going to Rocky river,
and seeing but one fi-anied house on the way. Mr.
Atwell had bought lot sixty-eight of Moses Hall, but
at the end of five years he bought lot seventy-nine
from Hubbard & Stowe for four dollars and twenty
cents an acre. There he resided until his death in
1875, aged eighty-nine.

Amos Sperry came west from Oneida county, New
York in 1815, and purchased lot sixty of Lyman
Root, an early settler upon it, who then moved to
Ridgeville. Mr. Sperry opened a blacksmith shop
and a tavern on his place as soon as 1818, although
he put up no tavern-sign until 1824. That sign was
recently in the possession of the Sperry family. Mi-.
Sperry kept tavern there only a few years, but fol-
lowed farming upon his place until his death in 1848,
at the ripe age of eighty-seven. His son, Amos Ran-
som Sperry, who had preceded him into Dover a year,
resided upon the homestead until he died. Junia
Sperry, of Dover Center, is the only direct descend-

438

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ant of Amos Sperry now living. In 1818 Amos E.
Sperry married the widow of Jnnia Beach, one of
Elyriu's early settlers. She survived her last hus-
band many years, dying in Rockport in 1877, aged
one hundred years.

Among other early settlers in Dover were Jason
Bradley, Jolm Wolf, Jethro Butler, Aaron Aldrich,
Lyman Root, Bber Loomis and Joseph Root.

Sylvauus Smith was the first settler at the place
now known as Dover Center, and built a house
upon the site of the store now there. Asa Blood,
who kept the first tavern at the center, married
a sister of Sylvauus Smith, and two other sisters of
Smith married Ansel Rice and Asher Cooley, both
Dover pioneers. Mr. Smith was a wide-awake, stir-
ring citizen, a strong, advocate of the temperance
cause, and the builder of several houses at the center.

In 1836 Joseph Porter, of Ashfield, Massachusetts,
migrated to Dover with four children — Jemima, John,
Leonard and Rebecca, going by way of the Brie canal
to Buffalo, thence by lake to Cleveland, and the rest
of the way by stage. Mr. Porter located on lot four-
teen, where he died in 1841, at the age of eighty-four.
James Case, v/ith a family of nine children, moved in
1816 from Ashfield, Massachusetts, to Dover, and lo-
cated on the North Ridge, west of Cahoou's creek,
where he soon after put up a sawmill. He died in
less than two years, leaving his eldest son, Bernard,
to care for the family. He moved about 1826 to New
York. Another son, Osborn Case, is now a resident
of Rockport, whither he went in 1832. James Case
liad served as a privateer in the war of 1776, and dur-
ing his residence in Dover had followed the pursuits
of a cooper, a miller, and a farmer. Sumner Adams
accompanied Case from Massachusetts to Dover,
whore he engaged in business as a blacksmith, re-
turning, however, to New England at the expiration
of four years.

EARLY IXCIDENTS.

The first white child born m the township was
Angelina, daughter of Asahel Portei'. The date of
her birth was April 1, 1812. It is claimed that Vesta,
daughter of Nathan Bassett, was the first born, but
the bast available evidence shows the date of her birth
to have been June 14, 1812. The first male child
born in Dover was Franklin, son of Joseph Cahoon.
The first marriage in the township was that of Lev-
erett Joimson and Abigail, daughter of Joseph Ca-
hoon. John S. Reed, of Black River, — the first jus-
tice of the peace chosen in Dover, — performed the
marriage service in Cahoon's log house. The second
couple married were Jethro Butler and Betsey Smith.
On the 1st day of April, 1814, Asahel Porter's wife
and infant child, Noah Crocker, .and George, son of
Jonathan Smith, made a journey to Cleveland in an
open boat. Upon their return, being overtaken by a
storm, they sought to put in at the mouth of Rocky
river, when the boat was capsized and Mrs. Portei',
her babe, and George Smith were drowned, Crocker

alone escaping. The daughter of Daniel Page— who
settled at an early date on lot ninety-seven and put
up the first framed house in Dover— while tempora-
rily sojourning in an adjoining township, was carried
away by Indians, from whom, however, after a brief
captivity, she was recaptured by United States sol-
diers.

ORGANIZATION.

The surveyed township now constituting Dover (No.
seven in range fifteen) was, at the time of its earliest
settlement, owned by Nehemiah Hubbard and Josiah
Stowe, to whom it had fallen on the division of the
Western Reserve among the joint proprietors, as narra-
ted in the general history. The civil township of Do-
ver was formed November 4, 1811, and embraced a
large tract, extending nearly twenty-five miles along
the lake shore as appears by the following extracts from
the records: November 4, 1811, it was by the county
commissioners ordered ''that the following townships
be and are hereby incorporated into a separate town"
ship by the name of Dover, viz: Townships No. seven
in fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth ranges and all
that part of No. seven which lies east of the Black
river in the eighteenth range, and to be in efEect on
the next annual meeting." * * * March 6, 1812,
it was further ordered "that all that tract of land
lying west of the town of Dover and west of township
No. six in range sixteen, and east of the east line of
the Fire-lands, so called, and north of township five
in ranges seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, be and is
hereby annexed to said township of Dover."

The first township election was held April 6, 1812,
at the house of Philo Taylor, at which eighteen votes
were cast by the following electors : Philo Taylor,
George Kelso, John Jordan, John Brittle, Noah Da-
vis, Andrew Kelso, Timothy Wallace, David Smith,
Joseph Cahoon, Joseph Quigley, Ralph Lyon, Joseph
Root, Jonathan Seeley, Moses Eldred, Azariah Beebe,
Lyman Root, Asahel Porter and Daniel Perry. Some
of these lived as far west as Black river, and some
lost all identity with Dover, on account of its con-
traction to its present limits.

The ofl&cers chosen at that election were Asahel
Porter, township clerk; Daniel Perry, Joseph Quigley
and Asahel Porter, trustees; Asahel Porter, Joseph
Cahoon and Azariah Beebe, overseers of the poor;
Andrew Kelso and Moses Eldred, fence viewers;
Jonathan Seeley, lister and appraiser; Noah Davis,
Ralph Lyon, Moses Eldred, Sylvanus Fleming, Daniel
Brittle and Lyman Root, supervisors of highways;
Philo Taylor, treasurer; Jonathan Seeley and Philo
Taylor, constables. On the 16th of May, 1812, John
S. Reed was chosen justice of the peace. At the
second election, which was for State officers, only ten
votes were cast. In 1819 but thirty-two votes were
cast at the township election. The names of the per-
sons who have served the township as trustees, clerks
and treasurers from 1813 to 1879, are given in the
following list:

DOVER.

439

1312. Trustees, Daniel Perry, Joseph Qai^ley, Asauol Porter; clerk,
Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor.

1813. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Noah Crocker, Daniel Perry; clerk,
Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor.

1814. Trustees. Daniel Perry, Jonathan Taylor, John Turner; clerk,
Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor.

1815. Trustees, Amos E. Sperry, Daniel Perry, Nathan Bassett; clerk,
.Tohn Turner; treasurer, Leverett Johnson.

1818. Trustees, Wilbur Cahoon, Nathan Bassett, Datus Kelley ; clei k,
Noah Crocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson.

1817. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Joseph Stocking, Asa Blood; clerk,
Noah Crocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson.

181S. ^Tru3te8s, Henry Taylor. Leverett Johnson, Samuel Crocker;
clerk, Noah Crocker; treasurer, Thomas Foot.

1819. Trustees, John Smith, Samuel Crocker, Amos Cahoon ; clerk,
Thomas Foot; treasurer, Samuel Crocker.

1820. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Amos Cahoon, Thomas Foot; clerk,
Samuel Crocker; treasurer, Jedediah Crocker.

1821. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Amos E. Sperry, Leverett Johnson;
clerk, John F. Smith ; treasurer, Amos E. Sperry.

1823. Trustees, Amos R. Sperry, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon; clerk,
John F. Smith; treasurer, Henry Taylor.

182:3. Trustees, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon, David IngersoU ; clerk,
Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry Taylor.

1824. Trustees, Nathan Bassett . David Ingersoll, Thomas Foot ; clerk,
Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry Taylor.

1825. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Joseph Stocking, Asher M. Coe;
clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, Noah Crocker.

1826. Trustees, Joseph Stocking, Thomas Foot; clerk. Wells Poi-ter;
treasurer, Noah Crocker.

1827. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, John Smith; clerk,
Wells Porter; treasurer, Joseph Stocking.

1828. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, John Smith, Thos. Foot; clerk.
Wells Porter; treasurer, Joseph Stocking.

1329. Trustees, Thos. Foot, Joseph Stocking, Leverett Johnson; clerk.
Wells Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith.

1830. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Asa Blood, Amos E. Sperry; clerk,
Wells Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith.

1831. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Asa Blood, Thos. Foot; clerk, Jason Brad-
ley; treasurer, Hiram Smith.

18.32. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Nathan Bassett, A. M. Coe; clerk, Eli
Clemens ; treasurer, Hiram Smith.

1833. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Rial Holden, Asa Blood; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1831. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Chas. Hall, Leverett Johnson; clerk,
Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1835. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Leverett Johnson, Amos E. Sperry;
clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1836 and 1837. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Leverett Johnson, Thomas
Foot; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1838. Trustees, A. E Sperry, Nathan Bassett, Austin Lilly ; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1839. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, Austin Lilly ; clerk
Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley.

1840. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, Aaron Aldrich;
clerk, EU Clemens; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1841. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Thomas JToot, Charles Hall; clerk,
EU Clemens; treasurer, L G. Porter.

1842. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, A. S. Farr, A. E. Sperry; clerk, E. T.
Smith; treasurer, Marius Moore.

1843. Trustees, A. 8. Farr, Austin Lilly, A. M. Coe; clerk, E. T. Smith;
treasurer, Marius Moore.

1844. Trustees Joseph Brown, Leverett Johnson, Benjamin Reed;
clerk, B. T. Smith ; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1815. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Aaron Aldrich, Benj, Eeed; clerk, W. Por-
ter; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1846. Trustees, Aaron Aldrich, Leverett Johnson, Marius Moore;
clerk, W. Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1847. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, Thomas H. Hall;
clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1848. Trustees, Arza Dickinson, Chas. H. Hall. Alfred Willard; clerk.
Wells Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter.

1849. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Wm. Saddler, N. Cobum ; clerk, J. M. Brad-
ley; treasurer, Edwin Coe.

1850. Trustees, A. M. Coe, S. U. Towner, Henry Winsor; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, D. W. Porter.

1861. Trustees, 8. U. Towner, Henry Winsor, N. H. Austin; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, Marius Moore.

1852 and 1853. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas., H. Hall ;
clerk, L. H. Johnson ; treasurer, Edwin Farr.

1854. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas. H. Hall; clerk, L.
H. Johnson; treasurer, Lester Simons.

1855. Trustees, Chas. H. Hall, D. W. Porter, E. G. McCarty; clerk, A.
A. Lilly; treasurer, .

1656. Trustees, C. E. Barnum, E. H. Knight, Edwin Farr; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, Jonathan Spencer.

1857. Trustees, E. H. Knight, N. H. Austin, G. W. Laughlin; clerk,
Eli Clemens; treasurer, J. Spencer.

1858. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Josiah Hurst. Eeuben Hall; clerk, Eli
Clemens; treasurer, J. Spencer,

1859. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Dennis Dow, Clark Smith ; clerk, John
Wilson.

1860. Trustees, Dennis Dow, S. L. Beebe, A. P. Johnson; clerk, John
Wilson.

1861. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Eeuben Hall, A. P. Johnson ; clerk, John
Wilson.

1862. Trustees, Jonathan Spencer, Adolphus Gridley, Dennis Dow;
clerk, Eli Clemens.

1863. Trustees, A. J. Coe, Jonathan Spencer, Edwin Farr; clerk,
Thos. Foote.

1864. Trustees, Dennis Dow, Junia Sperry, H. W. Aldrich; clerk A
A. Lilly.

1865. Trustees, Dennis Dow, Thos. Foot, A. P. Johnson; clerk A A
Lilly.

1866. Trustees, H, D. Lanphair, S. W. Simons, E. F. Walker; clerk,
E. Meriam.

1867. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, J. Eose, E. S. Lewis; clerk, A. S.
Porter.

1868. Trustees, J, Rose, A. S. Ward, S. W. Simons; clerk, A, S.
Porter.

1869. Trustees, J. Eose, A. A. Lilly, A. S. Ward; clerk, A. S. Porter.

1870. Trustees, A, A. Lilly, A. P. Smith, H. P. Johnson; clerk, A.
S. Porter.

1871. Trustees, E. Hall, G. Reublin, N, G. Porter; clerk, C. Pease.
1873. Trustees, A. G. Porter, Leon Coe, J. N. Hurst; clerk, C. Pease.
1873_. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, Leon Coe, A. J. Coe; clerk, C. Pease.
1874 Trustees, A. J. Coe, Perry Powell, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B.

Smith.

1875. Perry Powell, S. W. Simons, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B. Smith.

1876. Trustees, S. W. Simons, A. J. Coe, Eeuben Hall; clerk, John
Wilson.

1877. Trustees, S, W. Simons, L. M. Coe, Henry Wischmeyer; clerk,
John Wilson.

1878 Trustees, Jas. L. Hadd, S. W, Simons, H. Wischmeyer; clerk
Jas. Pease ; treasurer, Calvin Pease.

1879. Trustees, A. J. Coe, David Sites, Beuj. Chappel; clerk, Herbert
Lilly; treasurer, Calvin Pease.

VILLAGES.

Although possessing no incorporated village, Dover
has within its limits two hamlets — Dover Center and
North Dover — of which the former is the larger and
more thriving. The town hall is located there — a
fine two-story brick structure, built in 1873 — and it
also has a graded school, a Masonic and Odd Fellows'
lodge, a large steam gristmill, a store, several shops,
a church and a good number of handsome residences.

North Dover, a mile north of the Center, is near a
German settlement and has a German church, an ex-
cellent German school, a township school, a store and
perhaps a dozen dwellings.

POST OFFICES.

Dover's first postmaster was Asahel Porter, who
kept a store and post office on the lake shore near the
Avon line in 1815. Eeuben Osborn was his successor,
and afterwards Eli Clemens received the office. He
removed it to North Dover, where it now is. Calvin
Phinney was the next incumbent, and after him
Daniel Brown, the present postmaster.

The first postmaster at Dover Center was Asa
Blood, who kept the tavern at that place. Marius
Moore, who succeeded Blood as the landlord, was also
the next postmaster, and for many years the post-
office was located in the tavern. The present incum-
bent is Hon. J. M. Cooley. A. M. Coe, a settler in
1833, was appointed postmaster at Coe Ridge, in the
southern part of Dover, in 1843, and remained so
until 1864. The office was removed into Olmstead in

440

T^HE TOWNSHIPS 01^ OtJYAHOGA COtTNTY.

1864, but in 1866 it was brougiit b;ick to Dover, when
Mr. Coe was reappointed, continuing in the ofBce
until his death in 1867. In 1 874 a change to Olm-
stead was again made, and there the office still re-
mains.

SECOND CON'GREGATION'AL CHURCH OF DOVER.

This religious organization is the outgrowth of a
Congregational Church organized in Lee, Massachu-
setts, June 5, 1811, with eight members, as follows:
Jedediah Crocker and Sarah, his wife, Lydia, wife of
Moses Hall, Katy, wife of Abijah Crosby, Jonathan
and Abner Smith and their wives. Of these eight,
Jedediah and Sarah Crocker and the two Smith fam-
ilies removed shortly afterwards to Dover, and on
their arrival continued the Lee church organization,
changing, however, the name to the Congregational
Church of Dover.

The little band having at first no minister, used to
meet every Sabbath to worship with prayer and song.
Alvin Coe, a missionary to the Indians, coming that
way, preached to them three months, after which they
reverted to their former simple service. The church
increased slowly, and in 1833 a log meeting-house was
built near where the present church edifice stands.
Some years afterward the meetiug-house was destroyed
by fire, and the services were held in Joseph Stock-
ing's barn and in the town-house, until the completion
of the church building now in use.

About 1840 the church was divided on the slavery
question, and until 1847 one congregation worshiped
in the church building and the other in the town
house. In that year the two bodies were reunited
and reorganized as the Second Congregational church
of Dover, with fifty-one members, and the following
trustees: John Porter, Leverett Johnson, David In-
gersoll. The first deacons of the reorganized church
were Alfred Millard, Jonathan Oakes, Selden Osborn,
Josiah Hurst. Since 1847 about two hundred and
seventy-five persons have been received into the
church.

Among the early preachers, Rev. John McCrea was
the most prominent. He preached in 1836 and after-
ward, and was very highly esteemed. The pastor in
charge at present is Eev. Henry "Walker. The pres-
ent trustees are L. Gr. Porter, George Whitsey and
John Rose.

An old record testifies that the " Dover Congrega-
tional Society " was organized December 38, 1818,
'■for the support of the gospel," and that the mem-
bers were Noah Crocker, Nehemiah Porter, David
Ingersoll, John Smith, Jesse Lily, Asher Corley.
Wells Porter, Jonathan Smith, Stephen Smith, Sylva-
nusPhinney, JedediahCrocker, Dennis Taylor, Barna
has Hall, James Hall, Samuel Crocker and Solomoi
Ketchum. Another old record sets forth that th
First Congregational Society of Dover was incoppo
rated February 9, 1831, and that the incorporator,
were Calvin Phinney, Sylvanus Crocker, Josiah HursI
and Reuben Osborn.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT DOVER
CENTER.

This body was organized about 1835, but in the
absence of records very little can be gleaned concern-
ing its early history. The first meetings were held
in residences and barns; later, the town-house and the
Episcopal church were used for that purpose. The
house of worship now occupied by the society was
erected in 1853. The church is attached to the Rock-
port circuit, and is supplied by Rev. John McKean.
The membership numbers about one hundred, and
that of the Sunday school about fifty. The present
trustees are William Dempsej, James Elliott and
Jerome Beardsley.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH ON THE LAKE
SHORE.

This was organized as early as 1827 in the town-
ship school-house, by Rev. Eliphalet, brother of
Leverett Johnson. The class contained at first but
six members, but increased quite rapidly. In 1840
the present church building was erected. Mr. John-
son preached to the congregation until he removed
from the township in 1842, since which time the
church has been supplied by ministers attached to
the Rockport circuit. Rev. J. McKean being now in
charge. The membership is at present exceedingly
small, numbering but seven persons; of whom the
three male members, Sherman Osborn, Marshal Ga-
boon and Henry P. Foot, are the trustees.

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF DOVER.

This church was organized February 24, 1836,
with the following members: Aaron Aldrich and wife,
Wm. W. Aldrich, Julia Ann Aldrich, Jesse Atwell
and wife, Phineas Alexander and wife, Wm. Nesbitt
and wife. Meetings were held at first in the Lake-
Shore school-house and in the town-house. In 1845
a house of worship was built on Justus Stocking's
land near North Dover, and there the congregation
continued to worship until 1856, at which time, the
church having by removals and deaths lost nearly all
its members, services were discontinued, nor have
they to this day been revived. Elders Dimmock of
Olmstead, Wire of Rockport, Lockwood of Perry,
and Jas. Goodrich, were among those who preached
to the church directly after its organization. The
last settled pastor was Rev. Mr. Newton, who was
engaged in 1845. The church building stood until
1878, when it was destroyed by fire.

ST. JOHN'S (episcopal) CHURCH.

This organization, founded in 1837, is now extinct,
and only a part of its history can be obtained. The
members in 1842 were Chas. Hall, Weller Dean,
Jesse Lilly, Austin Lilly, Albinus Lilly and a few
others, although the average attendance was quite
large. A church building was erected in 1837, just
north of Dover Center. It is now used by Calvin
Pease as a barn. Services were at first conducted by

L. a. PORTER.

About two hundred and fifty years ago the first pioneer
of the Porter family found his way to our shores from
England. To-day persons of the name are scattered far
and wide through the vast domains of our great republic,
and many bearing it have occupied places of trust and
honor in the nation's councils of peace and war. Two
years after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth
Rock, Samuel Porter arrived from England, and was hos-
pitably received by his fellow-countrymen who had pre-
ceded him. Of the early history of the pioneers of the
Porter family there are no authentic accounts. They re-
moved from Plymouth to Beverly, Mass., where Samuel,
a son of the original settler, was married to Miss Lydia
Dodge, of that place. His son John also married a Bev-
erly maiden, a Miss Lydia Herrick. The fascinations of
the belles of Beverly must have been irresistible to the
heads of this noble family, for we find that Nehemiah (the
representative of the fourth generation in this country of
the family of which our subject is a descendant) was mar-
ried to Miss Hannah Smith, of that town. His son Nehe-
miah was born at Ipswich, Mass., March 22, 1720 ; grad-
uated from Cambridge in 1745; married Miss Rebecca
Chipman, of Beverly, and was ordained a minister of the
gospel in the Congregational church at Ipswich, Jan. 3,
1750, where he remained for sixteen years. He was after-
wards installed at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., Dec. 21,
1774, where he preached until his death, Feb. 29, 1820,
having filled the position of pastor for the same congrega-
tion over forty-five years. He was a man of great firmness
and decision of character, a strict observer of the Sabbath,
and was, it is worthy of note, a chaplain in the American
army at the surrender of Burgoyne. This esteemed patriarch "
had all the virtues and religious tendencies of his Puritanic

ancestry, and on the day of his death lacked only twenty-
one days of completing a century. His son Joseph was
also a native of Ipswich ; was engaged in agricultural pur-
suits, and was married to a daughter of Leonard Graves,
of Whately, Mass. He emigrated from Franklin Co.,
Mass., to Dover, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in 1826, and lies
buried in that town. He had a family of eleven children,
of whom our subject was the eighth son and tenth child,
having been born at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., March
6, 1806. His education was limited to a common school,
with a few terms spent at an academy. He accompanied
his father to the wilds of the West, and was engaged in
clearing the new country and tilling the soil, which has
been his occupation throughout life. He was married,
Aug. 26, 1838, to Catherine H., daughter of Rev. Solo-
mon Stevens, a Congregational preacher, of Dover, Ohio.
They had but one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Porter
died Oct. 11, 1841. Mr. Porter, who has devoted much
of his time to the religious education of the young, has
been a member of the Second Congregational Church of
Dover for about forty years. At the present time he is
one of the deacons of that organization, and superintendent
of the Sabbath- school.

Though originally a Whig in politics, upon the organi-
zation of the Republican party he became one of the
staunchest supporters of its principles and doctrines. He
has been elected by his fellow-citizens to numerous town
ofiices, and was a justice of the peace for six years.

Mr. Porter, being left in the prime of life alone in
the world, has devoted his time to his fellow-creatures,
succoring the poor and afflicted, lending a helping hand to
those in distress and want, and in striving to do his part in
the great work of serving the cause of humanity.

DOVER.

441

Weller Dean as lay-reader, until the engagement of
Eev. Mr. Granville as a settled minister, who re-
mained but a few years. The church began to de-
cline previous to 1850, and in that year was dissolved.

GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH.

About 1858 quite a settlement of Germans located
near North Dover, who, being desirous of establish-
ing a church, sent for Eev. E. Z; Lindeman of Cin-
cinnati, who went to Dover and organized, in 1858, a
German Lutheran Church. The original members
were J. H. Lindemyer, P. H. Hencke, F. Matthews,
H. Luocke, J. H. Trast, Wm. Schmidt, J. H. Weihr-
mann, August Warnecke. Rev. E. Rupprecht, of
Lafayette, Indiana, was called to the charge in 1858,
and is still the pastor.

Until 1873 worship was held in the Baptist Church
at North Dover, and from that time until 1877, in
the German Lutheran school-house, which was built
in 1873. In 1877 the present fine church edifice was
erected at an expense of four thousand dollars. The
membership is now forty-seven, and the attendance
comprises about sixty families. The present trustees
are H. H. Reinkal, G. Meyer and Christian Koch.

SCHOOLS.

The first school teacher in Dover, of whom there is
any recollection, was Betsey Crocker, who taught in
1816 in a log school-house on the lake shore, near
where the present school-house stands. Philena
Crocker, her sister, taught there (at the age of four-
teen), as did also Wells Porter. In 1836 the town-
ship was divided into five school-districts, which then
contained seventy householders.

Dover contains at present eight schools and seven
school-buildings, which latter are all brick structures,
excellently appointed, and considerably better in
every way than the average of township school-build-
ings. There is a graded school at Dover Center, and
the school at North Dover will soon be similarly
arranged.

In 1879, when the enumeration of school children
was made, there was six hundred and twenty-two in
the township, the levy for the support of schools being
two thousand one hundred dollars.

Attached to the German Lutheran church at North
Dover is an excellent secular school. It was organ-
ized in 1858 by Rev. E. Rupprecht, the pastor of the
church, and began its career with thirty-three pupils.
The Baptist church building was used until 1873,
when the present school-house was erected. Rev.
Mr. Rupprecht taught the school, in connection with
his pastorate duties, until 1873, when he relinquished
the charge to Mr. H. L. Brokelstuhler, the present
teacher. The school is in a flourishing condition,
and had, in July, 1879, the large number of one
hundred and fifteen pupils.

DOVER ACADEMY.

In 1845 JoTin Wilson, a graduate of Oberlin Col-
lege—who located in Dover in 1844 — founded Dover

Academy, and in that year erected a building for its
use about a mile and a half south-west of Dover
Center. Mr. Wilson's school grew to be a popular
institution, and had at one time as many as sixty
pupils.

In 1853 several public-spirited citizens of Dover
proposed to Mr. Wilson to have the school removed
to near the Center, and to organize a corporation to
control it, to which he assented. A school building
was accordingly erected on what is now the Dover
fair ground, and an act was obtained incorporating
the Dover Academical Association The building
was completed in 1854, and Mr. Wilson continued to
act as principal until 1860, when he retired. Al-
though the academy had been fairly prosperous, the
increased usefulness and liberal scope of the public
schools impared its strength, and led to its being
given up in 1863. The building is still standing on
the fair ground, and is used by the fair association.
The first directors of the academy association were
Leverett Johnson, L. G. Porter and Benjamin Reed.

DOVER AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SOCIETY.

This association was organized in 1850, for the pur-
pose of holding annual fairs in Dover. Money to pur-
chase land was advanced by Messrs. Josiah Hurst, S.
L. Beebe and J. Coles, and the ground was at once
fitted up by individual subscriptions. The associa-
tion owns seven acres of land, with the requisite build-
ings, about half a mile north of Dover Center, and
has held a successful exhibition there, every fall since
1850. Julius Parr was the president in 1879, and
William Aldrich the secretary.

DOVER LODGE NO. 393 I. 0. 0. F.

This society was organized in 1867, the charter
members being John Kirk, Wm. B. Delford, C. D.
Knapp, A. P. Smith, E. Bradford, C. L. Underbill,
A. Wolf, P. W. Barton, W. W. Mead, A. S. Porter,
Junia Sperry, J. Beardslee, D. B. Wright, D. H.
Perry. The present ofiicers are: Perry Powell, N.
G. ; James L. Hand, V. G.; James Beardslee, R. S. ;
Benj. Chappell, P. S.; Frank Baker, T. The mem-
bership numbers about one hundred. The lodge has
fine quarters in the town hall, at Dover Center. This
hall, a handsome and commodious brick edifice, was
built in 1873 by the town and by the lodge just men-
tioned, at a cost of $6,000.

NORTHWEST ENCAMPMENT NO. 188, I. 0. 0. F.

Northwest Encampment was organized July 1,
1875, with Alfred Wolf, Alfred Bates, L. J. Gaboon,
Van Ness Moore, Philip Phillips, Perry Powell and
Frank Baker as charter members. The membership
now numbers twenty-two, the officers bemg Philip
Phillips, C. P. ; Perry Powell, H. P. ; Jerome Beards-
lee, S. W. ; John Morrissey, J. W. ; F. W. Guild,
treasurer.

442

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

STAR LODGE, NO. 67, DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH,
(I. 0. 0. F.)

The lodge just named was organized in August,
1871, with sixteen charter members. The present
officers are John Griffin, N. G. ; Mrs. Murray Farr,
V. G. ; Mrs. John Griffin, secretary; Benjamin Chap-
pel, F. S. ; ]\Irs. Maitland Beebe, treasurer.

DOVER LODGE, NO. 489, F. AND A. M.

Dover Lodge was formed in 1874. The charter
members were D. R. Watson, L. M. Coe, G. Eeublin,
John Kirk, John Jordan, E. S. Lewis, J. L. Hand,
S. Barry, Wm. Lewis, G. Pease, Wm. Sprague.
There ai-e now thirty members, the officers being
Benj. Chappel, W. M. ; Wm. Lewis, S. W.; George
Tarbox, J. W. ; W. V. Gage, secretary; J. M. Cooley,
treasurer; Thos. J. Bates, S. D.; W. Grant, J. D.;
J. Jordan and A. A. Lilly, stewards; G. Winslow,
tyler.

OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.

The Dover Silver Cornet Band, a musical organiz-
ation of considerable local note, was organized in
1874. The present leader is George Esberger.

A temperance union league was formed in Dover in
1873, and since that time the temperance cause has,
at various times, received strong support in the town-
ship. A temperance Sabbath school now contributes
its efforts toward the same object.

BURIAL PLACES.

The first death in the township is supposed to have
been that of Mrs. Abner Smith, who was buried upon
the Smith farm and afterward removed to the ceme-
tery on the lake shore, that being the first public
burial-ground laid out in the township. A graveyard
was laid out in 1830 west of Dover Center upon land
donated by Leverett Johnson and others. The first
person buried there was the wife of Rev. Mr. McCrea,
the Congregational minister.

Both cemeteries contain many fine tombstones, and
the care expended upon the neatly kept grounds tes-
tifies to the affection felt by the living for those who
there rest in their narrow beds.

MANUFACTURES.

The manufacturing interests of Dover are at pres-
ent limited to a few sawmills, a bending factory and
a gristmill.

Tilden & Morley founded an important iron-ware
manufactory at Dover Center in 1833, near which
place were several rich beds of iron ore. The works,
known as the Dover Furnace, stood upon the lot now
occupied by the residence of Junia Sperry. The
firm conducted a store in connection with the furnace,
and employed twelve men. In 1840 Tilden & Morley
sold the establishment to the Cuyahoga Steam Fur-
nace Company, soon after which (in 1843) it was de-
stroyed by fire. Benjamin Reed, a former employee
of the company, bought the land, rebuilt the furnace
the same year, carried on the business until 1848,

when the supply of ore was exhausted, and he aban-
doned the undertaking.

Junia Sperry, Robert Crooks, and Millard & Smith
built a steam gristmill at Dover Center in 1856, and
in 1863 sold it to Kirk & Reublin, from whom it
passed into the possession of Lilly & Carpenter, the
present owners. It contains two run of burrs, and is
the only gristmill in the township. Fauver & Hurst
Brothers have a "bending factory" and sawmill, (the
latter built by Philo Beach, in 1850), about a mile
southwest of Dover Center. They employ six men,
and manufacture felloes, sleigh runners, shafts, etc.

GRAPE CULTURE.

Grape growing is largely followed on the lake shore
in Dover, and some wine is also made there. Henry
Wischmeyer came out from Cleveland in 1874, and
began to raise grapes iipon a tract of fifty acres, now
occupied by him. He set out but two acres the first
year, but gradually extended his vineyard until now
he has twenty-three acres planted in grapes. In
1874 he buiJt upon his land a wine cellar with a ca-
pacity of ten thousand gallons, and manufactures
considerable wine every year. Numerous varieties of
grapes are cultivated, of which the chief are the Ca-
tawba, Delaware and Concord.

The pioneer enterprise, however, in the direction of
extensive grape culture in Dover, was set on foot in
1865, by the Dover Bay Grape and Wine Company,
organized in that year for the purpose of growing the
grape in Dover township. Dr. J. P. Dake was the
president; R. R. Herrick the vice president, and Dr.
D. H. Beckwith, the secretary and treasurer. The
original purchase of land included two hundred and
ten acres, situated in Dover, on the lake shore. The
capital of the company, fixed at the outset at thirty
thousand dollars, was three years later increased to
sixty thousand dollars. Fifteen acres were set out
with grapes the first year, and since then the area has
been gradually extended until now upwards of ninety
acres are under cultivation and the annual yield of
grapes amounts to one hundred tons. The yield in-
cludes all the varieties raised in the northern cli-
mate. The company has a capacious wine cellar in
Dover and much excellent wine is manufactured
yearly. The fiuancial headquarters are in Cleveland;
the present officers being R. R. Herrick, president;
A. K. Spencer, vice president; and Geo. P. Smith,
secretary and treasurer.

Grape-growing is also carried on all along the Do-
ver lake shore, but the business — save in the instances
above alluded to, is confined to limited individual
efforts.

STONE QUARRIES.

An excellent quality of building stone, mnch used,
in the township and elsewhere, is found in the south-
west part of Dover whei'e the quarries of E. C. Har-
ris and Wm. Geiger have long yielded large supplies,
although the former quarry is at present not worked
to any great extent.

EAST CLEVELAND.

443

CHAPTER LXXIV.

EAST CLEVEL4.IID.

A Broken History— Irregvdar Boundaries— Timothy Doan— Shaw, Ru'
pie, Mollrath and Thorp— Asa Dille— Samuel Kuple— A. L. Norris—
A Live Griddle-Cake- Deadly Battles— Soaring a Bear— Going to
Pennsylvania for Flour— A Banquet of Baked Pumpkins— The First
Church— Sleeping with the Cows— First Tavern— Abijah Crosby— A
Barn-Eaising interrupted by Cannon — Settlers in Various Localities
—The Big Elk— The Householders of 1828— School Districts— CoUamer
in 1840— Formation of the Township of East Cleveland— Annexation
of part of Euclid and Warrensville — Name of Euclid Village changed
to Collamer— The Railroad — The War— Sandstone Quarries— Present
Condition of CoUamer — Collinwood— Grape Culture— Glenville — Shaw
Academy— First Presbyterian Church of Collamer— St. Paul's Church
—Free Congregational Church of Collamer — Disciple Church of Col-
lamer- DisoipleChuich at Collinwood — First Congregational Church
of Collinwood— Principal Township Officers.

Bast Cleveland has had more varied municipal
relations, and has more irregular boundaries than any
other township in the county. The territory of
which it is now composed, originally belonged to the
township of Cleveland; then to Cleveland and Euclid;
then to Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and Warrens-
ville. Having remained in these townships for many
years, the several fragments were in 1845 formed into
the township of East Cleveland which then contained
not only the present district of that name, but all
that part of Cleveland city east of Willson avenue,
and north of the old Newburg line.

In 1867 an irregular tract about two miles east and
west by three miles north and south, on which had
been built the large and flourishing village of East
Cleveland, was annexed to the city, leaving a district
nearly six miles in extreme length, north and south,
and a little over five miles in extreme width, but so
irregular that it contains an area of only a trifle over
fifteen square miles. This rejnains the township of
East Cleveland, yet the name had become so firmly
attached to the portion which was annexed to Cleve-
land that a resident of the city, on hearing "East
Cleveland" spoken of, would more probably under-
stand the expression to refer to the eastern part of the
city than to the township to which the name legiti-
mately belongs.

This sketch is intended to be confined to the terri-
tory now comprising the township, the name of which
heads the chapter;. yet that township has been so
closely united with other territory on both the east
and the west, that the annals are liable to become
somewhat intermingled, especially in the case of the
ofiicial records. Nearly all the township officers who
resided in the present East Cleveland before 1847, are
to be found in the records of Euclid, while many of
those who appear in the records of East Cleveland
since that date, were residents of what is now the
eastern part of the city.

The first white resident of the territory now com-
prising the township of East Cleveland, was Timothy
Doan, a Connecticut sea-captain, already forty-three
years old, who brought his family to Cleveland in the
spring of 1801, left them there while he built a log
house and made a small clearing, and in the fall of
that year removed them to his place on the west line

of the old township of Euclid, a part of which is still
occupied by his youngest son, John Doan. Mr.
Timothy Doan steadily worked on his new farm, hav-
ing for two or three years no neighbors nearer than
his brother, Nathaniel, at "Doan's Corners," in the
present city of Cleveland. Timothy Doan was a man
of good ability and of the highest character; he be-
came the first justice of the peace in the territory
now constituting East Cleveland, and was afterward
a judge of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga
county. He died in 1828, on the farm on which he
had moved in 1801, at the age of seventy, respected
by all.

In August, 1803, John Shaw, John Ruple, Thomas
Mcllrath, Garrett Thorp and William Coleman, all
from Washington county, Pennsylvania, visited this
part of Ohio together, and two of them selected land
in the present township of East Cleveland. Shaw
chose the lot where Shaw Academy now stands, and
Mcllrath selected the one now occupied by the main
part of Collamer village. Mr. Ruple located a little
farther to the northeast, in what is now Euclid. All
these locations, like that of Timothy Doan, before
mentioned, and that of William Coleman on Euclid
creek, were on the main road which had been laid out
from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, parallel with
the lake shore, but which was then hardly passable
even for ox-teams; an axe to clear away fallen timber
being the necessary accompaniment of every vehicle.
The parties named returned to Pennsylvania and did
not begin work on their land till the next spring.

The second actual settler in the present township of
East Cleveland was Asa Dille, a brother of David
Dille, of Euclid, who moved from Pennsylvania in
March, 1804; putting up his cabin in the unbroken
forest near th.e southwestern corner of the old town-
ship of Euclid. There he lived and died, raising a
large family of children.

In April, 1804, Messrs. Shaw and Mcllrath began
work on the locations before mentioned, and Benja-
min Jones, a nephew of Mcllrath settled farther
southeast in the neighborhood of Asa Dille's residence.
Shaw brought his family that spring and became the
third settler in the townsiiip. He was a native of
England, and, having been brought up in a woolen
factory, he was entirely unaccustomed to the use of
the axe; yet by indomitable industry he succeeded in
subduing the dense forest where he had chosen his
home, and made him an excellent farm. He was a
man of good intelligence and fair education, was the
teacher of the first school in the county, held various
civil offices and was the founder of the Shaw Acade-
my, of which more will be said farther on.

Mcllrath and Jones both brought on their families
in the autumn of 1804, and as there were then five
families in the territory of East Cleveland, the work
of settlement might be considered as having fairly
commenced.

Even of these five families only one, that of Timo-
thy Doan, had breadstuffs enough to last them through

44-i

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the winter. The others depended principally on hunt-
ing, both to obtain meat for their families and to pro-
cure skins and furs, which could be traded in the rude
markets of the day for articles of absolute necessity.
Coou skins came pretty near being legal tender at that
time, and several hundred of them were harvested
that winter by the residents of East Cleveland, who
were thus enabled to eke out a subsistence. Mr. Mc-
Ilrath was especially noted as a hunter, and as he had
several sons, who had nearly or quite attained to
man's estate, they made great havoc among the deni-
zens of the forest.

In 1805 John Ruple settled on the line between
Euclid and East Cleveland. He, too, was a noted
hunter, and is credited by William Coleman with
killing the first panther slain in the old township of
Euclid by a white man; the beast measuring nine
feet from tip to tip. He raised a large family and
lived to an advanced age, on tlie place where he first
located, amid the respect of all who knew him.

Samuel Euple settled at Nine Mile creek, in the
eastern part of the present village of Oollamer, in
1806, and during the same year Caleb Eddy located
himself in the southern part of the township on a
stream known as Dogway brook.

Abraham L. Norris came the same yeai and settled
on the ridge back of Collamer. His daughter, Mrs.
Myndert Wemple, narrates many incidents connected
with early life in the forest. Mr. Norris' family
were two miles from their nearest neighbor, David
Hendershot. Like most of the pioneers, they had
only a "puncheon" (or split-log) floor for their
cabin, and during the first summer a coverlid did
duty instead of a door.

The next year Mr. Norris had a good sized clear-
ing chopped over, and, according to pioneer custom,
invited his neighbors (some of whom lived five or six
miles away) to a " logging-bee." After a while they
got several log-heaps ready for firing, and Mrs. Norris,
who was out watching the operations, ran \nto the
house to get a shovelful of coals. The fire was nearly
out, and on the warm hearth lay a griddle which had
been used for baking cakes. The first thing Mrs.
Norris saw, on entering the house, was an enormous
vellow rattlesnake comfortably curled up on the grid-
dle. She screamed and fainted. Her husband ran
in, and, having no weapon with which to dispatch
the enemy, called for his father-in-law, Mr. Mcllrath,
who came with his ox-goad, and soon slew it. The
reptile had no less than twenty-four rattles.

These pests were extremely common in both East
Cleveland and Euclid; finding ample shelter among
the rocks which abounded in the numerous ravines
that intersected the ridge. Every man when he went
out took a stick, as a matter of course, to kill rattle-
snakes. John Ruple is credited with killing thirty-
eight rattlesnakes (piled and counted) near Collamer,
and Luther Dille with slaying forty-three in the
same locality. In both cases the air was so heavily

impregnated with poison by the reptiles that the men
went home sick from the field of battle.

Mr. Norris was obliged to go to Newburg to work,
leaving his wife alone in the cabin. There was a half-
grown shote in a rail pen covered with bark, near the
house. One night Mrs. Norris was awakened by the
crackling of bark and the squealing of the pig. Run-
ning to the door she saw a bear trying to get out of
the pen with the shote clutched by the neck, somewhat
as a cat carrries a kitten. There was a large bed of
coals, and filling the big fire-shovel full of these she
ran out and threw them on the dry bark, which in a
moment was in a brilliant blaze. The bear meantime,
had got his prey out of the pen, but being frightened
at the sudden light, dropped the pig (badly scared
but not seriously hurt) and made his way into the
forest.

At this period there was no church in the township.
People went to "Doan's Corners" on Sunday, where
'Squire Nathaniel Doan read a sermon. Mrs. Wem-
ple remembers going to meeting at the corners; her
mother riding a horse, she riding behind and another
child in front, while her father walked by the side of
the patient animal.

It is needless to say that luxuries were exceedingly

scarce. Once Mrs. Norris sent clear to Pennsylvania,

by a couple of young men who were going thither,

■for a pound of tea and two yards of calico to make

the baby a dress.

There were two or three gristmills within ten miles,
but they were very poor concerns, and were frequently
out of repair. On one occasion when, through de-
fective machinery or lack of water, no grinding could
be done in this part of the country, John Shaw took an
ox-cart loaded with a grist for every man in the town-
ship and went eighty miles, to Erie, Pennsylvania, to
get it ground. He was to be back in two weeks, and
on the day fixed for his return Mrs. Shaw invited all
the people in the township to her house, to cook and
eat of the expected supply. The people came, but
Mr. Shaw had been detained by the badness of the
roads and did not arrive, and his hospitable wife could
only furnish her guests with a feast of venison and
baked pumpkins.

Indians, squaws and papooses were frequently seen
passing to and fro. They had a camping-place just
back of where the academy now stands. The fierce
appearance of the warriors frequently frightened the
children, but there is no account of their doing the
slightest harm.

The first church (Congregational) in the township,
which was likewise the first in the county, was formed
in August, 1807. The first meetings were in the
houses of the settlers, but in 1810 a house of worship
was built of logs at the point then commonly desig-
nated as Nine Mile creek, but afterwards known as
Euclid village and now as Collamer. This was also
the first house of worship in the county; there being
none in Cleveland until more than ten years later.

EAST CLEVELAND.

445

In 1809 Caleb Eddy built the first gristmill in the
township, on Dry Way brook, above the site of Lake
Viem Cemetery.

Amid the hardships of these times, women, as well
as men, developed the courage necessary to meet the
emergencies by which they were often confronted.
Late one afternoon in autumn Mrs. Timothy Eddy
went to look for her husband's cows. They had
strayed a long distance, but at length she heard a bell,
and, guided by that, made her way to where they
were. But when she undertook to drive them home,
she found she did not know the way. After various
efEorts night came on, and she was still as much at
a loss as ever. The quadrupeds discovered none of
the intelligence in path-finding which is sometimes
attributed to them, but when their mistress stopped
driving them, quietly lay down for a night's rest.
Satisfied that she could not find her way home,
Mrs. Eddy lay down in a warm place, between two of
the animals, and in this living boudoir she remained
until morning. Meanwhile, her husband had re-
turned from his labors at night fall, and, finding his
wife absent, had roused the neighbors to search for
her. All night long the few settlers in that part of
the township went shouting to and fro through the
woods, their lighted torches of bark flinging fantastic
shadows among the trees, but they did not approach
her sleeping place. Li the morning she made her
way home to her frightened friends.

The first tavern-keeper in the township, of whom
we can hear, was David Bunnel, who kept on the
main road, a short distance southwest of the site of
CoUamer, before the war of 1812.

Among other settlers in the township was Abijah
Crosby, father of Deacon Thomas D. Crosby, who
came in 1811. He was one of the earliest settlers in'
the vicinity of the lake shore. Benjamin Thorp, who
had first settled at the mouth of Euclid creek, came
in 1813, and settled on the " Coit tract," near the
lake shore.

When the war of 1813 broke out there was great
excitement for a time, especially just after Hull's
surrender when rumors of murdering Indians came
on every breeze, and the people once or twice aban-
doned their homes in their alarm. These rumors,
however, were soon found to be false, and during the
war the work of planting and clearing went on much
as usual, though emigration nearly ceased.

On the day of Perry's victory, September 10, 1813,
the people were busy raising William Hate's log barn,
below CoUinwood. Mr. Cornelius Thorp, who still
resides in the township, was one of the number.
The neighbors were still few in number, and men
had come from Warreusville on horseback to help in
the work. The raisers were divided into two squads,
who were engaged in a hot strife to see which should
get up logs the fastest. At each corner was an ex-
pert axeman making notches and "saddles" to fit the
logs together. Of course neither squad could really
get ahead of the other, because all four sides of the

house must go up together; but they could crowd
each other, which was a great satisfaction.

Suddenly from the far nortliwest a dull sound was
heard rolling slowly over lake and land — then an-
other— and another — and another.

Every axe and every log was dropped.

"That's Perry!" "A fight!" "A battle!" "A bat-
tle!" cried a dozen voices, and, in another minute,
twenty or thirty men were racing away toward the lake
shore, eager to hear even the faintest echoes from the
great contest which was to decide the supremacy of
Lake Erie. Perhaps they imagined, from the distinct-
ness of the sound, that they could see the conflict, or,
at least, could discover on the far horizon the smoke
which must mark the scene of battle. But, on their
arrival, nothing could be seen, as was not strange
considering that the battle was seventy-five miles
away. Yet the constant successions of subdued
shocks, now alone, now in broadsides, hour after
hour, gave notice that the conflict was still going on.
At length the sounds died away; only a few scattered
shots were heard, and finally all was still, and the
last listeners returned slowly to their homes, query-
ing anxiously whether Columbia or Albion should
henceforth be the mistress of Lake Erie. The next
day a swift-riding express, on the way to Washington,
brought the news that Perry was victorious, and that
British or Indian invasion need no longer be feared.
Of all who were present at that " raising," Mr. Cor-
nelius Thorp is the sole survivor.

Benjamin Thorp, father of Cornelius, had at this
time moved to the "Coit tract" of a thousand acres,
situated on the lake shore.

Immediately after the close of the war in 1815,
emigration set in with more force than ever, on
account of the temporary cessation. At this time
began to be seen a slight appearance of a village
where Collamer now stands; though it was then
called Euclid. Enoch Murray started a store there
shortly after the war. Davis Crocker also estab-
lished a tannery there, on Nine Mile creek, about
1815 or '16, which he carried on for nearly twenty
years. In 1817 a framed church was erected in place
of the old log one before mentioned, and then the
residents of "Euclid," or "Nine Mile Creek," as the
hamlet was variously called, could indeed boast of
their progress; for there was still not another church
edifice of any kind in the county.

In 1818 Benjamin P. Beers and Myndert Wemple
settled in the township. Mr. Wemple, who still
survives, says that Enoch Murray was then keep-
ing store at Euclid (now Collamer). He sold to
Thomas Mcllrath about 1820, and he in a short time
to John Gardner. Taverns, too, began to be opened
all along the main road soon after the war. Ben. S.
Welch kept one at Nine Mile creek. A little later,
Enoch Meeker had one a short distance farther west.
Seth Doan kept one where George Doan now lives.

But notwithstanding these indications of advancing
settlement, the rattlesnakes still hissed viciously in

446

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

their dens among the rocks; the deer often bounded
past the clearings of the pioneers, especially in the
southern part of the township, and occasioually more
noble game fell before the hunter's bullet. Old set-
tlers still mention that it was about 1830 that the
" big elk was killed;" an erent long remembered and
often discussed by the residents of the vicinity. The
unlucky wanderer was chased down from the Chagrin
river into East Cleveland, and was there killed. He
weighed five hundred pounds, and his horns were
seven feet long.

By about 1835 or '30 the face of the country began
to take on more decidedly than before the appearance
of civilization. More than half of the log houses
built by the pioneers had been exchanged for framed
ones, and in all the north part of the township nearly
every lot had a settler upon it, and about half the
land had been cleared from timber. In the southern
section the settlements were much fewer and the
country still retained that pioneer look resultant from
log houses, scattered clearings and far-spreading
forests.

In the township book of Euclid is a list of the
voters in 1838, arranged by school districts. Euclid,
as before mentioned, then embraced something over
half of East Cleveland. We give a list of the names
recorded in those disti'icts either wholly or partly in
what is now East Cleveland. A few of them may have
been in the present Euclid; but if so, they were close
to the line:

District No. 3 (Collamer) — William Camp, John H.
Camp, John West, John Euple, John Hoagland, Sam-
uel Euple, Benj. Hoagland, John Stoner, Benj. S.
Welch, Enoch Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams,
John K. Hall, Nathaniel Woodruff, Myndert Wem-
ple, Andrew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R.
Whitney, Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse
Palmer, James E. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph
King, Mathias Eush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Euple,
Abram Histon, John Shaw, Elisha Eockwell.

District No. 3 (west of Collamer) — Michael Mc-
Ilrath, Horace Blinn, James Corbus, Amos Steb-
bins, Joel Jones, Benjamin .lones, John Doan, Sam-
uel Dodge, Daniel Brown, Joseph Marshall, Andrew
Mcllrath, Andrew Mcllrath, Jr., Merritt Lindley,
John Burt, Samuel E. Smith, Eli Williams, Seth
Doan, Thomas Mcllrath, Stephen Peet, Jedediah
Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus, Thomas PhiUips.

District No. 4 (south part of township). — Guy
Lee, Thomas Curtis, John Welch, John Handee,
Adoniram Peck, Jesse Cross, Jacob S. Dille, Eichard
Curtis, Clark Currier, Stephen B. Meeker, Abram
Mattox, Jacob Compton, Elias Lee, Eeynolds Ca-
hoon, Asa Dille, Lewis E. Dille, Abel Handee.

District No. 6 (north of Collinwood, now in
both towns). — William Hale, Thomas Mcllrath, Jr.,
Samuel Mcllrath, Samuel Mcllrath 3d, Thaddeus
Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Benjamin
Day, Abijah Crosby, John Euple 3d, Ezekiel Adams,
John Adams.

District No. 10 (west of Collinwood). — Law-
rence O'Connor, Alanson O'Connor, Joseph House>
Jeremiah Shumway, Timothy Eddy, Ahaz Mei'chant,
Benjamin Thorp, Andrew Stewart, John Mooi'e,
David Bunnel, Luther Woodworth, Ezra Fairfield,
Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page.

A full list of all the voters in the old township of
Euclid in 1838, including the above, is to be found in
the history of that township. Of course, the forego-
ing list does not include any residents of that part of
East Cleveland, except what was formerly in Euclid.
There were, however, very few in that part of
East Cleveland, which was then Euclid, except on
the main road. The Elijah Burton, who is men-
tioned as a resident of District number two (Col-
lamer), was a young physician who had very lately
arrived there, being the first physician in that village.
His widow still resides there, and his son is a practic-
ing physician there.

During the decade from 1830 to 1840 there was a
large emigration checked during the last three years
by what was known pre-eminently as the "hard
times."

Sargent Currier had become the storekeeper at
Nine Mile creek, acting in that capacity some fifteen
years. He had a sawmill near there, and afterwards
built a steam gristmill. Abner Mcllrath opened a
tavern in 1837. Samuel Lester started a new tannery
in 1838, which is still operated by his son.

When Mr. E. H. Strowbridge (now of Euclid)
came to Collamer in 1840, Sargent Currier was still
carrying on a store there, and Alvin Hollister was
keeping a tavern. The township was well settled up,
and framed houses were generally in use; yet there
was still a rough appearance on the face of the coun-
try. Tlie deer and wolves had all disappeared, and
even the rattlesnakes were becoming scarce. Origin-
ally emigration had come from the East, and the
western part of the present township was the last to
be settled. By 1840, however, people began to over-
flow from the then growing city of Cleveland, and the
western section was rapidly cleared uji.

At the June session of the county commissioners
in 1847, the township of East Cleveland was formed
from Cleveland and Newburg; no other townships at
first contributing anything to its area. Of Cleveland
it embraced lots three hundred and thirty-eight to
four hundred and six inclusive; of Newburg, so much
of lots four hundred and nine to four hundred and
twenty-two inclusive as lay north of the road, (now
Ingersoll street.)

The first town meeting in East Cleveland was held
on the 36th of June, 1847, when the following of-
ficers were elected: Trustees, Theron Woodworth,
Ahimaaz Sherwin, Samuel Erwin; clerk, Ansel
Young; treasurer, Joel Jones; declined, and Isaac
N. Pillsbury appointed; assessor. Freeman Whitman.
At the June session of the commissioners in 1848, the
west part of Euclid was annexed to East Cleveland;
embracing lots eight, forty-nine, sixteen, fifty-seven,

EAST CLEVELAND.

447

twenty-four, fifty-six, fifteen, forty-eight, seven, six,
forty-seven, fourteen, fifty-five, twenty-two, twenty-
one, fifty-four, thirteen, forty-six, five, four, forty-
five, twelve, fifty-three, twenty, fifty-two, forty-four,
eleven, three, two; all of lot forty-three west of the
road runing through it, and all of tract sixteen north
of lot one and west of the road runing to the lake.
By the same act lots one, two, three and four
lying in the north part of Warrensville, were also
annexed.

This included the Bast Cleveland of to-day, and
also the tract afterwards annexed to the city.

After the new arrangement was consummated, it was
found very inconvenient to call the village situated in
East Cleveland by the name of Euclid, when there
was a township of Euclid close beside it. The people
therefore began to cast about for another appellation.
They adopted that of Collamer, and in time the grow-
ing village was generally known by that name; though
it was long before all the old settlers could get rid of
the habit of calling it Euclid.

For many years after the formation of the town-
ship, the interest regarding it principally centered in
the village of East Cleveland, which grew rapidly into
very extensive proportions, becoming an important
suburb of the city. In 1853 the Cleveland, Paines-
ville and Ashtabula i-ailroad (since becoming a part of
the Lake Shore and Michinau Southern), was opened
from Cleveland to Erie, running through the northern
part of East Cleveland, only a short distance from
the lake shore. The beauty of the locations along the
main road at the foot of the ridge, between the city
and Collamer, began to be observed by the denizens
of Cleveland, and occasional purchases were made,
especially around Collamer.

All was progressing pleasantly and prosperously
when, in 1861, the tocsin of war called the sons ol
America to the defense of their country. East Cleve-
land promptly responded to the call, and the records;
given in the general history, tell their names and the
deeds of the regiments to which they belonged.

In 1863, James Haycox opened a valuable sandstone
quarry in the southern part of the township, on the
farm settled by John Welch. The character of- the
stone is similar to that which crops out in various
parts of the county, and is described in the chapter
on geology. Since the war, few townships in north-
ern Ohio have progressed more rapidly than East
Cleveland, although, as before stated, the village of
East Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland
in 1867. Collamer has become a large and thriving
village, an especial favorite with Clevelanders desirout
of a more retired life than that of the city. Thi
main road from there to the city line is thickly stud
ded with pleasant farm houses, and with handsom(
residences situated on small but most desirable tracts.
In fact the whole road which is an extension of Euclid
avenue, seems like a delightful suburb of the city.
Collamer now contains churches, one academy, four

general stores, one post ofiice, one physician, two
carriage shops, two blacksmiths shops, two meat mar-
kets, one cider mill, one shoe shop, one tannery, and
about a thousand inhabitants.

On the railroad, a mile north of Collamer is to be
seen the flourishing village of Collinwood, the seat of
the great repair shops and round-house of the Lake
Shore railroad. It is laid out on the most liberal
scale, with streets enough for a small city, which in-
deed it promises to become. It has churches, three
public schools, six general stores, four physicians,
two drug stores, one hardware store, two boot stores,
one clothing store, two millinery stores, one hotel
(the Warren House), two livery stables, two news de-
pots, one wagon and blacksmith shop, one harness
shop, three meat markets, and about fifteen hundred
inhabitants. The repair shops and round-house
were begun in 1873 and finished in 1875, and the
village has mostly grown up since the former year.
The post ofHce was established in 1875.

There is also a post office at Lake View, near Lake
View cemetery, where there is the prospect of an-
other fine suburban village. The Lake View and
Collamer railroad, (called for short "the Dummy
ro.id") furnishes ready access to the city for all the
residents along the main road.

On the ridge, grape-growing has flourished greatly
of late years, the soil being of the same general qual-
ity as that in Euclid, and likethat, admirably suited
for grape-culture. The grapes are genarally sold in
bulk, but a few gentlemen are engaged in wine manu-
facture; Mr. J. J. Preyer's Lake View wine farm,
east of Lake View cemetery is one of the most cele-
brated wine-producing places in the county.

The village of Glenville on the lake shore, adjoin-
ing Cleveland, was laid out in . The corporate

limits inclose an area of about three square miles, but
only a small portion of it is built on in village form.

The Lake Shore railroad passes through its entire
width and has a depot in it, while the Lake View
and Collamer road skirts its southern border. The
Northern Ohio fair grounds are situated a little west
of the center of the village. The association owning
them is described in the general history.

Glenville was incorporated in the autumn of 1873,
for special purposes. In April, 1874, William Brasie,
R. M. N. Taylor were elected trustees. In Septem-
ber, 1874 it was incorporated as a village. In April,
1874, Wm. J. Gordon was elected mayor for two years.
He was succeeded in 1876 by Benjamin Lamson, and
he in 1878 by W. H. Gaylord, the present incumbent.
The village now contains three stores, three hotels,
one blacksmith shop, one shoe shop, one carriage
shop and about five hundred inhabitants.

The whole of East Cleveland, except Glenville and
a few farms in the southern portion is incorporated
for special purposes; the authorities being empow-
ered to build roads and bridges, maintain a police, build
police stations, etc.

448

THJE townships of CtTYAHOGA COUNTY.

SHAW ACADEMY.

In 1835 the old pioneer, John Shaw, died, and hav-
ing no children he left his property to found an acad-
emy in the locality where he had so long lived and
prospered. The property consisted mostly of a farm
situated a short distance southwestward from Oolla-
mer. This was sold for five thousand dollars. The
people of the vicinity subscribed a sufficient amount
to erect the necessary building, and the fund left by
Mr. Shaw was used only for the support of the school.

A board of trustees was appointed and the school
was maintained in the usual manner of country acad-
emies until about 1868. At that time, as the institu-
tion did uot prosper as well as was desirable, the
building was leased to individuals. Public school
money was applied to its support, and it became part-
ly a district school and partly an academy. In 1877
the trustees of the academy leased the building to the
directors of the Oollamer sub-district by whom it has
since been used for a district school, though of a
higher grade than usual.

FIRST PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF COLLAMEE.

This church was organized by Rev. "Wm. "Wick, on
the 37th day of August, 1807; being by at least ten
years the first church in Ouyahoga county. It was
formed on what was known as the "Plan of Union,"
adopted by the general assembly of the Presbyterian
church, and the general association of the Congrega-
tional church, of Connecticut. The individual church
was at first Congregational, but it was connected with
the Presbytery for purposes of discipline and mutual
encouragement. It took the name of "The Church
of Christ in Euclid;" that being the township in
which it was then situated.

The first members were Nathaniel and Sarah Doan,
John Ruple, Thomas and Elizabeth Mcllrath, Sarah
Shaw, Eunice Eddy, Abram L. and Abigail Norris,
George and Almira Kilbourn, Andrew and Abigail
Mcllrath, Anna Bunnel and Isabella Mcllrath.

The strictness of the discipline and the existence of
pleasant amusements among the pioneers are both
shown by the next entry after the organization, made
on the 29th of the same month, according to which
A. L. and Abigail Norris confessed to dancing "not
long before" (evidently before joining the church)
and professed contrition. Sarah Shaw admitted the
fact of dancing, but would not make a public ac-
knowledgement and was suspended. This was pietty
strict in regard to acts committed before joining the
church.

At the first meeting of the church Nathaniel Doan,
John Ruple and George Kilbourn were appointed the
standing committee.

The next record, dated in August, 1808, shows a
meeting of the church to have been then held at the
house of Nathaniel Doan. Caleb and Nancy Eddy
admitted joining the "Halcyon Church," supposing
them to be christians. They expressed their sorrow

for having done so. This "Halcyon" church was a
heterodox institution which started up suddenly in
Euclid, flourished for a brief period and disappeared.
The members claimed to be christians, but their right
to the name seems to have been seriously disputed.
At this time Mrs. Shaw publicly professed repentance
for her dancing of long ago, and was duly reinstated
in the church.

On the 15th of March, 1810, the church unani-
mously adopted the Presbyterian model and put them-
selves under the charge of the presbytery of Hartford.
The next month the Rev. Thomas Barr was called to
the pastorate and accepted. He was ordained on the
3.3d of August following, and on the 37th of the same
month Andrew Mcllrath and John Ruple were ap-
pointed ruling elders. It was during this season that
the log house already mentioned was built, which was,
during its whole existence, the only church edifice in
the county^.

Numerous cases of discipline occurred during all
the early years of the church; mostly on account of
the members attending balls or allowing their children
to do so. In the summer of 1811 nearly all the mem-
bers publicly acknowledged their wrong-doing in per-
mitting their children to attend the Fourth of July
ball.

Nevertheless the church continued to flourish, and
in 1817 a framed house of worship replaced the log
one; the new house, like the old one, being the only
church building in the county.

Rev. Mr. Barr closed his services in 1830. After
this the records unfortunately do not give the em-
ployment of pastors with any regularity, but it ap-
pears that Rev. Randolph Stoner, pastor of the Cleve-
land church, acted as moderator in the various meet-
ings from 1830 to 1823, and doubtless supplied the
pulpit. Rev. Stephen J. Bradstreet acted as moder-
ator from 1823 to 1825. On the 26th of February,
1825, Rev. Stephen Peet was ordained as pastor;
holding that position until January, 1833.

Rev. E. S. Scott and Rev. E. Adams were in charge
of the church, the former in 183-3 and '34; the latter
in 1835 and '36. Rev. H. Blodgett served as pastor
from May, 1837, to February, 1843. Rev. E. N.
Nichols was in charge a few months, and was followed
by Rev. J. Burehard, the celebrated revivalist, who
conducted a powerful revival during the winter of
1843-44. Rev. Benj. Page was the acting pastor in
1844, '45 and '46.

Rev. William H. Beecher (eldest brother of Henry
Ward Beecher) began service as stated supply in May,
1847, and continued until December, 1849. He was
succeeded the next month by Rev. Jonas Bigelow,
who died in service January 36, 1854. During his
pastorate, in December, 1851, fourteen members
withdrew to form the Free Congregational Church.
Rev. Andrew Sharp was installed as pastor in April,
1854, and closed in April, 1856. Rev. Hiram Bing-
ham began service as stated supply in October, 1856.
Rev. F. Maginnis was installed as pastor in January,

EAST CLEVELAND.

449

1858, and served nearly ten years, dosing in Septem-
ber, 1867.

Until this time the church had been known as the
First Presbyterian Church of Euclid, although for
nineteen years the house of worship had been in the
township of East Cleveland, and the village where it
was located had been known as Collamer for nearly
an equal time. In September, 1867, it appears for
the first time on the record as the Presbyterian
Church of Collamer.

At that time Eev. R. H. Leonard began service as
stated supply, remaining until July, 1873. Eev. H.
P. Barnes was installed as pastor in August, 1875,
closing in May, 1877. He was succeeded at that time
by the Eev. T. S. Scott, the present pastor.

The following month (June, 1877,) a union was
effected with the Eree Congregational Church of
Collamer, by which each society was to keep its own
organization, but they were to unite in all work, in
religious service and the employment of a pastor.
People are admitted by the joint action of the two
churches, but are dismissed by the separate action of
one. They meet in the Presbyterian church.

The present membership of the Presbyterian con-
gregation is now about seventy -five. The elders are
John Aldrich, J. M. Page, T. D. Crosby, Joseph Day,
Joseph Parks, Frederick King and Isaac Brush. The
two churches maintain a union Sabbath school of two
hundred members, of which William H. Coit is the
superintendent.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (PEOTESTANT EPISCOPAL).

The church edifice of this body is on Eucljd avenue
in the center of Collamer. It is of stone, rural in
style, fifty-three feet in length and thirty in width.
It was commenced in 1846, but was not finished and
consecrated until 1856. The services were sustained
at first by the aid of clergymen in Cleveland. The
Eev. Eli Adams officiated in 1853-4. In 1856 Eev.
Thomas Corlett was called as the first settled rector,
who filled the rectorship for ten years. The Eev. N.
P. Chariot was called in 1866, and resigned in 1869.
The Eev. Thomas Lyle has been the rector of the
parish since June 1, 1869. The sittings are free; the
revenue being obtained from the weekly offertory and
from subscriptions. The number of persons regis-
tered as communicants has been one hundred and ten;
one hundred and seven have been baptized, and sixty-
five have been confirmed. A rectory, adjoining the
church edifice, was built in 1867. A small cemetery
lies beyond the chancel. The officers of the church
are as follows: Wardens, John Doan, J. W. Ogram;
vestrymen, E. Gerrard, G. Doan, W. Oliver, J. W.
Doan, B. Gray, and L. B. Beers.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF COLLAMER.

For several years before 1851 there had been a strong
feeling among some of the members of the Presbyte-
rian church at Euclid, or Collamer, that the Presby-
terian denomination should bear stronger testimony

against slavery than it had previously done. On the
37th of December, 1851, fourteen members presented
a memorial declaring that they could not continue in
connection with the church while it maintained fel-
lowship with slaveholders. This memorial was signed
by John Euple, Asa Weston, E. Dutton, Asa Cady,
Teresa Cady, Alma Euple, H. A. C. Adams, Ezekiel
Adams, Orpha Adams, L. C. Euple, Mina Euple,
H. L. Euple, Hannah Enple, John Perkins.

The Presbyterian congregation voted to dismiss
them with letters to any church they might desire to
join. They then proceeded to organize themselves
into the Free Congregational Church of Collamer.
For three or four years they worshiped in the school-
house; at the end of which time, their numbers^hav-
ing materially increased, they proceeded to build the
brick church at Collamer, still owned by them. They
maintained a separate existence with varying fortunes
until June, 1877, when they formed a union for work-
ing purposes with the Presbyterian church, as nar-
rated in the sketch of that body.

DISCIPLE CHURCH OF COLLAMER.

This church was constituted in the fall of 1839.
The first members were Luther Dille, Clarissa Dille,
Bri M. Dille, Lurilla Jones, Leonard Marsilliot, Edit-
tea Cranney, Desire Perry, Mary Anne Perry and
Fanny Cranney; soon joined by Nancy Hale. The
church was organized at the log school-house west of
E. M. Dille's residence. Luther Dille was set apart
as the first ruling elder. Much was trusted to the
efforts of the elders, or overseers, and pastors did not
succeed each other with the regularity that marks
ministerial changes in some churches. Nor are there
any available records regarding the early history of
this church.

The Disciple society, however, continued to flour-
ish, and about 1840 a framed house of worship was
erected at Collamer. Eev. A. S. Hayden was one of
the principal ministers who, at different periods, car-
ried on the work of the church. In 1861 it had
thriven so greatly that the members were able to
begin the erection of a brick house of worship, which
was completed in 1863. Mr. Hayden was pastor from
1863 to 1866, and Eev. A. B. Green from 1866 to
1868. In the latter year Eev. W. B. Hendrix held
two protracted meetings, at which nearly a hundred
members united themselves with the church.

From 1868 to 1878 Eevs. A. S. Hayden and A. B.
Green were the pastors. Eev. W. B. Hendrix became
the minister in charge in 1878.

This church has been particularly distinguished as
a nursery for others; not less than twenty Disciple
churches, in various parts of the West, having been
founded by emigrants from Euclid and East Cleve-
land, who had belonged to the Collamer church.
Notwithstanding the recent organization of a Disciple
church at Collinwood, the one at Collamer is in a
very flourishing condition and has over a hundred

450

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

members. The overseers are E. M. Dille and Wm.
Hudson.

DISCIPLE CHURCH AT COLLINWOOD.

In February, 1878, at the suggestion of E. M.
Dille, the zealous overseer of the Disciple church of
Collamer, who offered to pay the expenses of such a
proceeding, Eev. W. B. Heudrix began a series of
Disciple meetings at Collinwood. They were blessed
with marked success, and on the 16th of April a
church was organized by Mr. liendrix, with fifty-nine
members.

It was immediately proposed to build a house of
worship, and in ten days less than two months from
the organization, a handsome framed edifice was com-
pleted, costing about two thousand five hundred
dollars, of which Mr. Dille contributed eight hundred.
It was dedicated on the 4th of July, 1878.

The church has now about seventy members; being
still under the pastorate of Mr. Hendrix. The over-
seers are the same as those at Collamer, E. M. Dille
and Wm. Hudson; the deacons are George Morse and
Alexander Mcllrath.

PIEST CONGEECtATIONAL CHURCH OF COLLINVSrOOD.

The supporters of the Congregational creed, and
others who were desirous of having religious worship
in Collinwood, united in erecting a framed house of
worship in 1874, before any church had been organ-
ized. A Congregational church, with the above title,
was formed in 1875. The first pastor was the. Eev.
Josiah Turner. He was succeeded by the Eev. C. E.
Euddick, who closed his services in 1878. There are
now about sixty members. The deacons are L. Cody,
J. Fronting, 0. Hoagland and George Eeading; the
trustees are L. . Cody, Wm. Greenlees, Benj. Carter
and Wm. Jonghin.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS..

1847. Trustees, TheronWoodworth, Ahimaaz Sherwin, SamuelErwin;
clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Isaac N. Pillsbury; assessor, Freeman
Whitman.

1848. Trustees, Benjamin Crawford, Samuel Erwin, Joel Jones; clerk,
Ansel Young; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, Benj. P. Beers.

1849. Trustees, Hiram McUrath, Joel Jones, Benj. S. Welch; clerk. A.
Young; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1850. Trustees, H. McUrath, J. P. Doan, Darius Ford; clerk, Horatio
C. Ford; treasurer, Daniel B. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1851. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C.
Ford; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1852. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C.
Ford; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1853. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, Joel Jones, Lyman Crosby; clerk, E.
T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

18.54. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, B. P. Beers, Lasell Birge; clerk, E. T.
Sturtevant ; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth ; assessor, H.N. Smith.

1855. Trustees, Lasell Birge, E. H. Lacy, Jonathan C. Bowles; clerk,
E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1856. Trustees, D. A. 1 eers, J. E. Walters, Park B. Clark; clerk, E.
T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1857. Trustees, J. E. Walters, G. Watklns, Jos. Phillips; clerk, E. T.
Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1858. Trustees, J. R. Walters, Fredk. P. Silsby, Wm. Treat; clerk, E.
T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1859. Trustees, F. P. Silsby, Darius Adams, Alfred Talbot; clerk, E.
T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, S. W. Baldwin.

1860. Trustees, Darius Adams, Jos. Slaght, F. L. Burt; clerk, E. T
Sturtevant; treasurer. John E. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1861. Trustees, Darius Adams, L. F. Beers, Geo. Mather; clerk, S. W.
Baldwin; treasurer, J. E. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1862. Trustees, Sargent Currier, L. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh;
clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. B. Walters; assessor. H. N. Smith.

186.3. Trustees, L. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Sargent Ourrier;
clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1864. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, B. C. Meeker, Jas. Haycoxi olerki
S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1865. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker;
clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1866. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. 0. Meeker;
clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer. J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1867. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker;
clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1868. Trustees, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker, W. P. Hudson; olerk,
S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1869. Trustees, Andrew Wemple, W. P. Hudson, L. F. Beers; clerk.
S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, H. N, Smith.

1870. Trustees, W. P. Hudson, Eobt. Harlow, L. F. Beers; olerk, S.
W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard.

1871. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor; clerk, S. W.
Baldwm; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard.

1872. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor; clerk, S. W,
Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard.

1873. Trustees, Seth Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames; clerk, W. B.
Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1874. Trustees. L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames, Marion Minor; clerk, W.
B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith.

1875. Trustees, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames, Marion Minor; clerk, W.
B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, Levi Thomas.

1876. Trustees, Marion Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames; clerk, Nor-
ton Doan; treasurer. A, C. Stevens; assessor, Levi Thomas.

1877. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Marion Minor; clerk,
Wm. James; treasurer, A. C. Stevens; assessor, Anson Bartlett.

1878. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Wm. Quilliams; olerk,
Norton Doan; treasurer, Wm. James; assessor, Anson Bartlett.

1879. Trustee*:, William T. Quilliams, Joseph Amor, Joseph Parks;
clerk, Norton Doan; treasurer, Wm. James; assessor, Anson Bartlett.

JOHN DOANE.

The distinction of being the earliest surviving male
resident of the county invests Mr. Doane with puWic
interest and the facts regarding his ancestors and his
life will be read with pleasure. He is descended from
one of the oldest families in this country, and the
family is also an old one in England and is thus al-
luded to in th-e "Patronymica Brittanica:" "Done. —
A great Cheshire family whom Omerod designates as
a "race of warriors who held Utkinton (supposed to
be the Done of Domesday) as military tenants of.Ven-
ables from the time of King John. The chiefs of
this house will be found in the battle rolls of Agin-
court, Bloreheath and Flodden. * * * The
name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled
Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family."

The original John Doane, the founder of the Doane
family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of
the first three ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing
at that famous spot in the year 1630. A brother came
after aud settled in Canada; another brother settled
in Virginia ai.d founded an extensive connection.

John Doane took a prominent and useful part in
the Plymouth Colony, and in 1633 was cliosen assist-
ant to Governor Winslow. In addition to this and to
the civil offices which he held he was madcf a deacon
in the church at Plymouth and at Bastham. He died
in 1685 at the advanced age of ninety-five years.

He had five children, all of whom were the progen-
itors of large families. The youngest, Daniel, had
four children by his first wife, among whom was Jo-
seph Doane, born in 1669, three years after the fire
and plague of London. Joseph had twelve children;

n I'tyi'ViA,

'Uru

EAST CLEVELAND.

451

the first was named Mary, after the mother, and the
second Joseph, after the father. Joseph, Jr., was
born November 15, 1693, and married Deborah Had-
dock in 1735. He removed to Middle Haddam, near
ICiddletown on the Connecticut river, and there en-
gaged in ship building. His third son, Seth, was born
June 9, 1733," and married Mercy Parker, by whom he
bad nine children : Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathan-
iel, Job (who died in infancy), Mercy, Job, John M.
and Deborah. The two Seth Doanes, father and son,
were taken prisoners by the British, from a merchant
vessel in 1776, during the revolutionary war, the father
at the time being mate of the vessel on which he was
captured. They were released in 1777, and soon after
the younger Seth died from sickness contracted while
a prisoner, and due to his captivity.

Nearly all the children of Seth Doane removed
West, and among the prominent pioneers of Cuy-
hoga county were Timothy and Mary Cary Doane,
parents of the subject of this sketch, who moved
hither from Herkimer county. New York, early in
the present century.

Timothy Doane was born in Middle Haddam, Mid-
dlesex county, Connecticut, on the 8th of November,
1759. In early life he adopted the calling of a sailor,
which he followed nineteen years, a part of that time
baing the captain of a merchantman.

In 1783 he married Mary Cary, by whom he had
ten children, viz: Nancy, born May 6, 1783; Seth
born April 11, 1785; Timothy, born April 7, 1787;
Mary, born May 16, 1789; Mercy, born September 33,
1794; Deborah, born January 11, 1796, and John,
the subject of this notice, born on the 31st of June,
1798. Some time after his marriage Timothy Doane
gave up the sea, and removed to Herkimer county.
New York, where he engaged in farming. It was
during his residence in that county that John Doane
was born in the town of Frankford.

Mr. Doane remained in New York seven years, and
then determined to move still farther West. He ac-
cordingly disposed of his farm, and with his family
set out for Ohio. They traveled to Buffalo with one
team of horses and one of oxen. At that place the
family remained while the father pushed forward
through the unbroken forest — it being then in the
month of February — until he reached the residence
of his brother Nathaniel, who had lately settled at
Doane's Corners, now in the eastern part of the city
of Cleveland. He immediately purchased two lots of
land, in what was formerly called Euclid, but for
thirty-two years has been known as Bast Cleveland..

In the spring of the same year (1801) he sent for
his family. They came in an open boat to Paines-
ville, where the boat became disabled and sank, so
that from there they were obliged to travel overland —
the party of five riding on two horses, and finding
their way through the forest by the aid of " burnt
trees " etc. They arrived at their destination after a
long, wearisome and eventful journey. Their nearest

neighbor for two or three years was Nathaniel Doane
at "Doane's Corners."

For a number of years Mr. Doane found constant
employment in cutting down the timber, tilling the
land, and building a home for his family. In later
life he became prominently identified with many of
the public interests of the county, and wherever
known^was recognized as a man of staunch principles
and unvarying integrity.

He was a justice of the peace when the county
was first organized, and was also a judge of the
court of common pleas. He died on the 14th of
November, 1838. His wife survived him twenty
years, her death occurring in the same month in the
year 1848.

John Doane received a limited education, such as
was aiforded by the common schools of that day.

He remained at the paternal home, assisting in
clearing and tilling the farm until he reached his
twenty-second year. He then commenced farming
upon his own account, which he continued uninter-
ruptedly until 1874 when lie retired from active busi-
ness. He has lived upon the farm which he still
owns for seventy-eight years; having seen an unbroken
wilderness displaced by fruitful fields and pleasant
homes, while small settlements have grown into popu-
lous cities.

Mr. Doane, although very plain and unostentatious,-
is a man of strong principles. He was among the
first to abandon the objectionable pioneer custom of
the frequent use of intoxicating liquors. Through-
out life he has been strictly temperate in his habits;
never using tobacco in any form, and although now
in his eighty-second year, he possesses a fair amount
of physical vigor and undiminished mental powers.
In his early days he was an active member of the
militia cavalry, in which he held the office of ser-
geant. In politics he has uniformly acted with the
Republicans, but has never in any way sought public
office. Since 1839 he has been a member of St.
Paul's Episcopal Church, and both as a christian and
a citizen he has ever been highly esteemed.

Mr. Doane was married January 17, 1830, to Anuo-
livia Baldwin, daughter of Seth Baldwin, of Cleve-
land, who died in February, 1831. He was married
the second time to Sophia Taylor, daughter of Jona-
than Taylor, of Middle Haddam, Connecticut, on
the 37th of September, 1833. By this union he had
six children: Mary F., born NovemberSO, 1833; Abi.
gail, born September 16, 1835; Edward B., born
January 17, 1838; Annolivia, born September 10,
1839; Harriet S., born August 18, 1831, and John
W., born August 17, 1833.

Mrs. Doane died on the 3rd of October, 1870.
The majority of Doanes or Doans in this section spell
their names without the final letter, but Mr. John
Doane and his descendants prefer to adhere to the
original form, which is the one in common use
throughout the country.

4.-.3

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER LXXV.

EUCLID.
Euclid assigned to the Surveyors-Origin of the Name-The Agreement
not carried out-John Morse-Joseph Burke-David DiUe-Euple and
Coleman-A House without a Board-Learning two Trades to get some
Meal-Salting Fish-Jacob Coleraan-A Superabundance of Battle-
snakes-Gad Cranney and Abraham Bishop-Organization of the
Township-First OfBcers-Bxcitement in the War of 1813-Dr. Farns-
worth-Cheap Land-Paul P. Condit-Euclld Village and Euclid Creek
-The Voters of 1815-The Old Stoneware Factory-Euclid Creek m
18-33-The Householders of 1838-Steady Improvement-Ship Yard at
the Mouth of the Creek-The Eailroad-The War for the Union-
Grape-Culture— The Stone Business-The Present Village of Euclid-
Inoorporation-Collinwood-The Baptist Church- St. John's Congre-
gation-Presbyterian Church-St. Paul's Church-Principal Town-
ship Officers.

As stated in the general history of the county, the
surveyors and laborers employed by the Connecticut
Land Company to survey the Western Reserve, insisted,
after their arrival in that tract, in the spring of 1796
on having a share in the fortune which was expected
to be derived from it. Gen. Cleaveland, the agent of
the company and superintendent of the survey, was
obliged to accede to their request, and agreed that
those of them who chose to become actual settlers
might have a township at one dollar per acre. This
agreement was confirmed by a written contract, made
at Cleveland, on the 30th of September following, by
which township eight, in the eleventh range was as-
signed to the employees before mentioned.

The education of the principal surveyors having
been chiefly mathematical, they agreed to call their
township by the name of the great mathematician,
Euclid. The name has ever since been retained, be-
ing applied first to the survey-township and then to the
civil township covering the same territory. The
western and southwestern parts have since been taken
off to form part of the township of East Cleveland;
leaving Euclid an irregular ti-act, with an eastern
boundary nearly nine miles long, a southern one less
than three miles long, and a northwestern one (on the
lake shore) about six miles long. This sketch is in-
tended to give the history of the territory now com-
prising Enclid, leaving the remainder of the old town-
ship of that name to be treated of under the head of
East Cleveland, though it will occasionally be neces-
sary to allude to incidents and persons on the west side
of the line between those two townships.

By the contract between Gen. Cleaveland and the
surveyors, the latter were to settle eleven families in
the township in 1797, eighteen more in 1798, and
twelve more in 1799; all with houses, and with small
clearings of specified amounts. Otherwise, the laud
was to revert to the company, except that parties who
performed under the contract were not to lose their
rights.

Immediately afterward the employees held a meet-
ing, and arranged by lot who were to begin settle-
ments under the contract, respectively, in one, two and
three years, that is in 1797, '98 and '99. Of all who
thus planned the allotment of this magnificent tract,
(in which each would have had Qve hundred acres),
not a single one became a permanent resident of the

territory in question, although one of the number,
Nathaniel Doan did become a resident at " Doan's
Corners" in Cleveland townshijj, now included in
Cleveland city.

Yet several attempts were made to carry out the
arrangement.

Among the memoranda of the surveys of the fol-
lowing year (1797) we find one which says that on the
10th of August two men started out to do "settling
duties" for Seth Pease and Dr. Shepard, two of the
leading men employed by the company. Several
other beginnings were made in that year under the
contract, mostly on the flats between the ridge and
the lake shore. This part of the township was sur-
veyed into small tracts, while the portion farther
from the lake was divided into larger ones; the inten-
tion being that each man might have a place near the
lake and one farther back.

The first considerable improvement of which there
is any account was made in 1798 by John Morse, who
was not one of the original surveyors of 1796, but
may have purchased the right of one of them. He
built a good log house on the ridge, on the east line
of the township, and girdled about twenty acres of
timber around it. He also cleared ofE three or four
acres on the flats near the lake shore, and sowed it to
wheat and grass seed. In due time the wheat was cut
iind secured in the sheaf in a small log barn, covered
with black ash bark. Notwithstanding all this labor,
Morse seems to have abandoned his land very sud-
denly, for the wheat was left to be destroyed by the
weather (remaining untouched in the frail barn for
several years) while the part sowed to grass for more
than ten years furnished the whole township with
''timothy" and "red-top " seed, the two kinds sowed
by Morse.

The first permanent settler in Euclid township was
Joseph Burke, a native of Vermont and a drummer
in the Revolutionary army. He was not one of the
forty-one employees who made the contract with Gen.
Cleaveland, in 1796, though he may have belonged to
the survey-corps the next year. He settled in 1798
or '99 on the east line of the township, north of and
adjoining the land taken up by Morse. Burke's
cabin was on the main road, which had been opened
from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, at the foot
of the ridge, to the extent of girdling the trees on a
space two rods wide, and cutting out what little un-
derbrush there was. It could not be traveled in a
wagon without an axe to remove obstructions.

Mr. Burke soon obtained a little whisky and
opened a sort of tavern, not only the first in the
township, but the first between Conneaut and Cleve-
land. He remained about ten years, when he re-
moved to Columbia in the present county of Lorain.
He afterwards volunteered in the war of 1813, and
died in the service.

The next settler in the present township of Euclid,
of whom we have any account, was David Dille, a
native of New Jersey, who came from western Penn-

EUCLID.

453

sylvania in November, 1798, and located himself on
the main road half a mile southwest of Euclid creek.
Mr. Dille had been actively engaged in the border
wars with the Indians during and subsequent to the
Revolution, and was in the expedition of Colonel
Crawford when that, unfortunate commander was de-
feated, captured and burned at the stake, near Upper
Sandusky. He had five sons, Nehemiah, Lewis B.,
Calvin, Luther and Asa, who were nearly all grown
to manhood when their father came to Euclid, and
who either came with him or made their way thither
within two or three years afterward. He had also
fourteen younger children, mostly natives of Euclid.
Mr. Dille lived the remainder of his long life in
Euclid, and died there, having trebly done his duty
to the country, as soldier, pioneer and parent.

Although, as before stated, David Dille was the first
actual settler after Burke, of whom anything is
known, yet in August previous five young men from
Washington county, Pennsylvania, came to Euclid to
look for land, and four of them made selections along
the main road; John Shaw and Thomas Mcllrath in
what is now East Cleveland; John Euple in Euclid,
close to the line between the two townships; and
William Coleman at Euclid creek. The fifth man,
Garrett Thorp, did not then make a selection.

In April, 1804, Coleman, Shaw and Mcllrath be-
gan work on their respective locations. In the fall
of 1804, Mr. Coleman, having cleared and planted
two or three acres, and got out the logs for a cabin,
brought on his family to their new home. He was a
native of New Jersey, only twenty-three years old,
but blessed with a wife and two children, and with
little beside; his worldly goods consisting of a yoke
of oxen, a wagon, a cow, and seventy-five cents in
money. The wagon cover served as a tent for a short
time, the few neighbors (all who lived within ten
miles were neighbors) helped roll up the logs for a
cabin, and then Mr. and Mrs. Coleman put on the
roof without other assistance. When finished there
was not a piece of board about the house; the door,
the chamber-floor, and so much of an under floor as
there was, being all made of stufE split out of logs
witii an axe.

A series of incidents related by Mr. Coleman in a
manuscript preserved by the Historical Society, illus-
trates most forcibly the difiiculties of pioneer life.
The family having by the following March used up all
the little stock of corn which had been raised the pre-
vious year, Mr. Coleman went to Judge Huntington's
wife, at Newburg, (the judge being away on his Judi-
cial duties) and endeavored to purchase some on credit.
The thrifty housewife hardly felt disposed to sell in
that way to a stranger, but being desirous to aid him
if practicable, asked him if he could make baskets.

"Yes," promptly replied young Coleman, who felt
that it was true, for he was sure that he could make
baskets if a squaw could, although as yet he had never
tried.

"Well, what will you ask to make me some?" she
then inquired.

" The old Indian price," he replied; "the basket
full of shelled corn."

She promptly agreed to the terms, and gave him a
list of the number and size of baskets she wanted.
He then returned home, borrowing thirty pounds of
corn-meal on the way, of Captain Timothy Doane, in
the present township of East Cleveland, to be repaid
on the completion of the basket-contract. The next
morning Mr. Coleman looked up some good timber
and began to learn the trade of basket-making. It
took him several days to acquire the art to his own
satisfaction, but at length he succeeded in maising a
substantial, good-looking basket, and at the end of
three weeks he had filled his contract. He then took
his oxen, and carried his manufactures and some
empty bags to Mrs. Huntington, who was well pleased
with his work, and filled the baskets with corn accord-
ing to contract; the whole amounting to ten and a
half bushels.

Mr. Coleman next went to the mill at Newburg,
then owned by Rudolphus Edwards, to get his corn
ground, but found that the stones had been taken out
to receive an entirely new "dress." Deacon Burke,
an old miller, had been sent for all the way from
Hudson, to do the work, which had already occupied
several days, and was likely to occupy several more.
Coleman was bent on returning home with some meal
as soon as possible; so after watching the deacon's op-
erations a short time he told Edwards that the best
thing for all parties was for him, Edwards, to board
him and his oxen while he should help Burke dress
the stones. Edwards was willing, if Coleman could
do the work properly. The latter had'never struck a
blow on a mill-stone in his life, but he was accustomed
to the use of tools, had plenty of confidence in him-
self and was sure he could imitate the pattern sot by
the deacon. He tried it and succeeded to the entire
satisfaction of the old miller. He accordingly re-
mained, and after two or three days work tlie task
was completed and the grist was ground. Mr. Cole-
man then made his way home, having expended nearly
a month's time and learned two trades in order to get
a few hundred pounds of corn meal.

The next move was to go to Eocky river to catch
fish for the summer's use, as was the custom with all
the pioneers of this section. Mr. Coleman and an-
other man went thither in a canoe and soon returned
with two barrels of fine pike and pickerel. Curiously
enough, down to this time the people had generally
supposed that lake-fisli could not be preserved in salt
or brine. An old Indian, when applied to for infor-
mation as to whether it could be done or not, replied:

"]^o — no salt; put him on pole — make little fire —
smoke him heap."

Mr. Coleman's common sense, however, taught him
that lake-fish would keep in salt as well as ocean-fish,
and as, among his few treasures, he had a supply of
salt, for which he had traded his watch before leaving

454

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Pennsylvania, he determined to try the experiment.
It was completely successful, and the example was
at once followed by all the people around, and resulted
in making an important addition to the comforts of
the community. The late Hon. John Barr took
some pains to investigate the matter, and has left it
on record that he was satisfied that this important
discovery was due to Mr. Coleman.

Jacob Coleman, an uncle of William, and a soldier
of the Revolution, who had served for several years in
Colonel William A. Washington's celebrated regiment
of horse, moved into Enclid in 1805, as did also John
Euple, long known as "Deacon " Euple, who settled
on the ground he had selected two years before, a
little east of Nine Mile creek. He lived there through-
out a long life, raising a large and respectable family.
Of course the forest of gigantic trees of which the
old settlers speak with great admiration, was well
supplied with such game as deer and bears, while an
occasional panther gave an additional flavor of danger
to the sports of the chase. Coon-hunting occupied a
good deal of time, as it not only provided food when
larger game was not attainable, but because coon-skins
could be traded at some price to the primitive mer-
chants of Cleveland and Newburg for articles of indis-
pensable necessity.

But the particular pet of Euclid seems to have been
the rattlesnake. All the old settlers nient on the
great numbers of these reptiles to be found in early
times in the ravines of the main ridge and among
tlie rocks farther back. Deacon John Euple at one
time killed thirty-eight, counted them and piled them
up in a heap, although the poison which the angrv rep-
tiles spit forth into the air made him so sick tliat he
had no desire to repeat the work. Luther Dille had a
similar experience near Oollamer; killing forty-three,
and becoming so sick that he had to go, home and
leave a number of the nest alive. Boys made it their
particular business to kill rattlesnakes, and became
so fearless in dealing with them that an urchin would
frequently hold a live snake down with a forked
stick, slip a noose made of bark over its neck, and
drag it home to show to his friends before dispatch-
ing it. At other times they would shoot them with
bows and arrows, and hold them up writhing on the
points of their weapons.

The i^eople of Euclid brought with them their olden
reverence for religion, and the first church in the
present county of Cuyahoga was organized in that
township in August, 1807, John Euple being one of
the first deacons; but as the house of worship belong-
ing to it was in what is now East Cleveland, a sketch
of the church is given in the history of that town-
ship.

Andrew Mcllrath and his three sons-in-law — Abra-
ham Mattox, David Burnett and Abraham L. Norris

settled in 1807 near the line between the present
townships of Euclid and East Cleveland. He re-
mained there as long as he lived, but the others, after
three years' residence, moved to the West. In 1808

Gad Crauney located himself on an old cleariug near
the lake shore, where he remained some fifteen years,
when he, too, sought a new home m Indiana. The
same year John Adams settled on the main road east
of Euclid creek, where he remained some ten years,
when he sold out to John Wilcox, who stayed there
until quite a recent period.

In 1809 Abraham Bishop, of Washington county.
New York, settled on the lot on the ridge formerly
improved by John Morse. He was a man of some
means, and brought with him a large assortment of
plow-irons, chains, etc., all of which found a ready
sale among the settlers. The next year he built a saw-
mill on the east branch of Euclid creek, on the site
long occupied by Jonathan and Seth D. Pelton for
that purpose; that being the first mill of any kind in
the present township of Euclid.

We must not omit, in passing, to mention the first
slaughter of a panther (by a white man) in the old
township of Euclid, the victor being Deacon John
Euple, and the animal being a very fine specimen,
measuring nine, feet from (he tip of his nose to the
end of his tail. We give the deacon the honor of this
achievement on the authority of Mr. Coleman's man-
uscript before referred to, as he must certainly have
known the facts. Mr. Andrew Mcllrath is also cred-
ited with killing a panther about the same time, his
only weapon being an axe. There seems to be some
confusion about the two anecdotes; possibly they both
relate to the same incident, but on the whole it will
probably be the safest to allow each of the gentlemen
the glory of killing a panther.

In the forepart of 1810 the civil township of
Euclid was organized, embi-acing the survey town-
ship" of that name and also the townships on the
Chagrin river, a large unoccupied tract on the south.
The first town meeting was held on the 22d'day
of April, 1810, at the dwelling house of Walter
Strong, when Timothy Doan acted as moderator,
and David Dille and Abraham Bishop as judges of
election. The following officers were elected: Trus-
tees, Elisha Graham, David Dille, Thomas Mcllrath;
clerk, Lewis E. Dille; overseers of the poor, David
Hendersl:ot, Holley Tanner; fence-viewers, Seth
Doan, James Lewis; appraiser, Nehemiah Dille;
lister, Holley Tanner; treasurer, Abraham Bishop;
constable, Nehemiah Dille; supervisor of highways-
eastern district, James Covei-t; northern district,
Holly Tanner; east middle district, Abraham Bishop;
western district, John Shaw; southern district, Asa
Dille; west middle district, Lewis E. Dille.

Garrett and Benjamin Thorp settled respectively
in 1810 and 1811, near the mouth of Euclid creek,
though Benjamin soon moved to the western part of
the township, now East Cleveland.

When the war of 1812 broke out, the people of
Euclid felt themselves to be in a particularly danger-
ous condition, exposed to assaults from the British
armed vessels on the lake, and fearing possible raids
from Indians by land. When the news came of Hull's

^' '

tltlCLlC.

455

surrender, followed swiftly by the report that the
British and Indians were making a murderous pro-
gress down the lake, the people hitched up their ox-
sleds, loaded on their families and provisions and
started eastward. They found the Chagrin river so
swollen that they could not cross, and were in dire
distress over the extremely unpleasant prospect.
William Coleman went twice to Cleveland to learn
the latest news. On his second trip he learned that
the supposed British-Indian army was only a part of
Hull's surrendered forces. Ere long most of the
Euclid people returned to their homes, and nearly all
of them who were capahle of bearing arms served at
one time or another in defense of the frontier.

Wlien troops were stationed at Cleveland, a small
picket of horsemen was generally maintained at Euclid
creek, to give notice of any possible hostile movement
from that direction. Just before the battle of Lake
Erie, as related in the general history, a detachment
landed from the British fleet and killed an ox sup-
posed to have belonged to one of the Mcllraths; but
tliis was the only occasion of the kind, and the vic-
tory won by Perry and his men soon put an end to
the alarms of the people.

It was just before, or during the war that Dr.
Iliivilla Farnsworth who had previously practiced at
Newport, Khode Island, settled on what is now known
as the Friday farm, on the ridge, being the first phy-
sician in the present township. He had a large prac-
tice, both as physician and surgeon, for over twenty
years; being frequently called on to go fifteen or
twenty miles on horseback at night, with a guide,
also on horseback, leading the way with a torch.

Notwithstanding the war, occasional emigrants
came in. Benjamin Day bought three hundred acres
just west of the site of Nottingham, landing with his
family the day before Perry^s victory. His only sur-
viving son, Dr. Robert Day, was then eight years
old, and well remembers the dense forests which tlien
covered that part of the township. Where Notting-
ham now is, there was only a path designated by
marked trees and nearly all the settlers were on the
main road, sometimes called the State road, or else
down near the lake shore.

Land was still cheap; in 1813 Luther Dille paid only
three dollars per acre. In 1814 Jonathan Pelton pur-
chased Abraham Bishop's farm and sawmill on Euclid
creek (near the present stone quai'ries) and made his
residence there. His son, Seth D. Pelton, now of
Euclid creek, was then nineteen years old and his
brother Joseph, who died in 1870, was twenty-one.
John Bishop, bi'other of Abraham, lived at what is
now Euclid village. '

Shortly afterward Paul P. Condit opened a tavern
in a frame house on the main road, half a mile west
of the locality last named. This was probably the
first tavern kept in a framed house in the township.
Abram Parr opened one at Euclid creek, shortly after
Condit. By this time there was a small hamlet,
called Euclid, situated where Collamer now is,

which was the center of business (of which there was
very little) for the township. Two miles northeast, of
the main road was a still smaller cluster of houses,
known as Euclid Creek, which has now assumed the
name formerly assigned to the other village.

Immediately after the war, Euclid began settling
up with considerable rapidity, so many clearings mak-
ing their appearance both on the flat land and on the
ridge, that we cannot any longer attempt to designate
the locations of the individual settlers. We give,
however, the names, taken from the poll list, of all
who voted in October, 1815; doubtless including those
of nearly every voter in the old township. They are
as follows: Timothy Doan, Wm. Coleman, David
Hondershot, Nehemiah Dille, John Shaw, Seth Doan,
Jacob Coleman, James Strong, Asa Dille 2d, Ama-
ziah Porter, John H. Strong, Levi Thomas, Thos.
Barr, David Dille, Samuel Ruple, Samuel Mcllrath,
Jedediah Crocker, Samuel Dodge, J. Adams, A.
Dille, Havilla Farnsworth, Francis K. Poi-ter, Luther
Dille, Enoch Murry, Benjamin Day, Abraham Bishop,
Walter Strong, Samuel Mcllrath, Abraham L. Mor-
ris, Jedediah D. Crocker, Parker Pelton, Samuel
Crocker, Daniel S. Tyler, Joseph Pelton, Ezra B.
Smith, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille, Abijah Crosby,
Lewis E. Dille, Hugh Hamilton, Wm. Gray, Jas.
Ruple — 43. William Coleman was made the first
postmaster in the township as early as 1815. In 1817
or '18 he built the first gristmill in the township on
Euclid creek, and afterwards a sawmill.

About 1820, or a little before, William Gray, who
had been settled ten or twelve years at the mouth of
Euclid creek, built works there for making stoneware,
such as jugs, jars, etc. In 1823 he sold the works to
J. & L. Marsilliott, whose advertisement appears in
the Cleveland Herald of that year. They, or at least
one of them — Leonard Marsilliott — .kept up the
works about fifteen years; doing a large business for
that era. He brought his clay from Springfield,
Ohio, and burned seven or eight kilns every year;
keeping five or six hands employed all the time.

Mrs. Cushman, a daughter of William Coleman,
who was born in 1819, and whose memory goes back
to 1823, remembers that there was then at Euclid
creek, a framed Baptist church, a framed school-
house and a block-house which had been built by a
Mr. Randall.

It was not until 1828, however, as appears by the
records, that the trustees divided the township into
school districts, forming nine districts which con-
tained in all a hundred and eighty-three householders.
Fortunately the names of all these are preserved on the
township record; so that we are able to show pretty
accurately the progress of settlement in the old town-
ship of Euclid at that time. They are as follows:

District No. 1. — Aaron S. Bass, Austin H. Avery,
Charles Moses, Nicholas Chinmark, Havilla Farns-
worth, Abimel Dodge, William Gray, John Wilcox,
Charles Andrews, Ezekiel St. John,. Artemas Pringle,
Amaziah Porter, John Sage, Absalom Van, Curtis

456

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtTYAHOGA COUNTY.

Gould, William Coleman, Paul P. Condit, Nehemiah
Dille, John P. Smith, David Dille, Dennis Cooper,
John Young, Benjamin Hamilton, Peter Bowei", —
Lucas, — Hays, — Childs — 38.

District No. 3. — William Camp, John H. Camp,
John West, John Kuple, John Hoagland, Samuel
Ruple, Benj. Hoagland, John Stoner, Benj. S. Welch,
Enoch Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams, John
K. Hall, Nathaniel Woodruff, Myudert Wimple, An-
drew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R. Whitney,
Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse Palmer, Jas.
F. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph King, Polydore
King, Thomas Palmer, Peter Rush, Henry King,
Mathias Rush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Ruple, Abram
Histou, John Shaw, Elihu Rockwell — 34.

District No. 3. — Michael Mcllrath, Hosea Blinn,
James Corbus, Amos Stebbins, Joel Jones, Benjamin
Jones, John Doan, Samuel Dodge, Daniel Bronson,
Joseph Marshall, Andrew McHrath, Andrew Mcll-
rath, Jr., Merritt Lindley, John Burt, Samuel E.
Smith, Eli Williams, Seth Doan, Thomas Mcllrath,
Stephen Peet, Jedediah Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus,
Thomas Phillips— 33.

District No. 4. — Guy Lee, Thomas Curtis, John
Welch, John Handee, Adouiram Peck, Jesse Cross,
Jacob S. Dille, Richard Curtis, Clark Currier, Step-
hen B. Meeker, Abram Mattox, Jacob Compton,
Elias Lee, Reynolds Cahoon, Asa Dille, Lewis R.
Dille, Abel Handee— 17.

District No. 5. — Benjamin Sawtill, Benjamin Saw-
till, Jr., A. D. Slaght, Cyrus Gilbert, Josephus Hen-
dershott, John Allaton, Samuel Ruple 3d, Lawrence
Ruple, Isaac Husong, Abner Heston, John Goulden,
William Ruple, Samuel W. Dille, John Cowel — 14.

District No. 6. — William Hale, Thomas Mcllrath,
Jr., Samuel Mcllrath, Samuel Mclliath 2d, Thad-
deus Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Ben-
jamin Day, Abijah Crosby, John Ruple 2d, Ezekiel
Adams, John Adams — 13.

District No. 7. — Gad Cranney, Levi Thomas, Asa
Dille 2d, Calvin Dille, Luther Dille, Leonard Mar-
silliot, Jason Crosier, Wakeman Penfield, Garrett
Thorp, Jacob Coleman, Jacob Coleman, Jr., Abijah
Coleman, Abraham Voorhees, Abraham Perry,

Luther Crosier, = Johnston, Warren Andrews,

Josei^h Croninger, Peter Thorp, William Wright,
Henry Ewers — 21.

District No. 8. — Henry Shipherd, Elihu Richmond,
Asa Weston, Samuel Robbins, Omar Spring, William
Richmond, Russell Benjamin, Asahel Payne, David
Spragne, Virgil Spring, Edmund Richmond, Levi
Richmond, George Weston.

District No. 9. — John Smith, Michael Stewarl
Esther Aikins, John E. Aikins, Amasa Payne.
Ruel House, William Treat, Aniasa Babbitt, Thomas
Gray, William IJpson, John Cone, Abraham Bis
hop, James M. Strong, George Griffith, Stephei
White, Seth D. Pelton, Jonathan Pelton, Joseph Pel
ton, Tracy Evans, Charles White, Robert Aikins — 31

District No. 10.' — Lawrence O'Connor, Alansoi

O'Connor, Jos. House, Jeremiah Shumway, Timothy
Eddy, Ahaz Merchant, Benjamin Thorp, Andrew
Stewart, John Moore, David Bunnel, Luther Wood-
worth, Ezra Fairfield, Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page —
14.

It will, of course, be seen by this goodly list that
Euclid was pretty well advanced in the way of settle-
ment in 1838, and doubtless, the rattlesnakes had
mostly by this time been frightened out of the local-
ity. A stage route had been established along the
main road between Cleveland and Buffalo, along
which two-horse and four-horse teams went every day
and both ways, and when emigration opened in the
spring, the lake being still closed, it sometimes seemed
as if the whole Eastern World was pouring along the
great road to the Par West.

During the next decade the old log houses of the
pioneei's wei'e generally changed for framed ones, and
notwithstanding the "hard times" of 1837, there
was a marked improvement in the appearance of the
township. About 1840, or a little before, Ruel
House, Charles Moses and Captain Wm. Trist opened
a ship-yard at the mouth of Euclid creek, which was
maintained some ten years. They first devoted their
energies to building canal-boats, the yard being on
the west side of the creek. Ten or twelve were built
in the course of four or five years. Then the yard
was moved to the west side and the work of building
schooners was engaged in. Six or seven were put
afloat in the course of the next five years; the last
and largest having a measurement of about three hun-
dred tons.

R. H. Strowbridge, who came in 1840, says that
Abram Farr was still keeping tavern at Euclid creek,
and there were three stores at that point; those of
John Bishop, Chas. Farr and Nelson Moses. The
township was still somewhat thickly settled in the
southern part, adjoining Warrensville. Stone-quar-
ries had recently been opened near the present ones
on Euclid creek, by James Hendershot, Madison

Sherman and Husong, but were not worked

much. Madison Sherman had the first mill for
cutting stone.

We have now passed through the more interesting
part of the township's life, the era of its transmuta-
tion from a wilderness into an agricultural com-
munity, and must proceed with greater speed over
the remaining portion. In 1847 the western part of
Euclid was annexed to the newly formed township of
East Cleveland, reducing the former to its present
limits. By 1850 the township was well settled in all
its parts, though still showing some of the marks of
newness and roughness.

In 1853 the opening of the Cleveland, Painesville
and Ashtabula railroad (since become a part of the
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern road) extending
for five miles and a half through the present town-
ship of Euclid, gave it still greater similarity to an
old settled country. By 1860 the transient observer
would never have guessed that only forty years before

EUCLID.

457

Euclid was the congenial home of the deer, the hear,
the wolf and the deadly rattlesnake. All wore the
appearance of smiling repose and unbounded plenty.

But treason and slavery, more deadly foes than
wolf or rattlesnake, were about to assail the country,
and Euclid, like all the rest of the land, was obliged
to send forth her gallant sons to defend the nation's
life. The records of both their deeds and their
names will be found with their respective regiments
m the general history of the county.

Since the war more changes have been carried out
in Euclid than in almost any other township in the
county. Grape-culture has become a very important
industry. It was begun in a small way near Oollamer
about 1855, but did hot attain much consequence until
after the war. We are indebted for some facts regard-
ing it to Mr. Louis Harris, one of the largest grape-
growers in the township. Mr. Harris was the first
man who planted a vineyard on Put-in-Bay island, but
becoming satisfied that Euclid was a much superior
locality for that purpose he removed thither. He has
no hesitation in saying that that is the best locality
for Delaware grapes in the whole State of Ohio.

It requires three years for a vineyard to get into
bearing order. There has been but one year in the
history of Euclid grape-culture, in which vineyards of
that age or older did not bear. There are about two
hundred and twenty acres of vineyards in the town-
• ship, devoted to Concord, Catawba, Delaware, Martha,
Ives, Diana and Hartford Prolific grapes; the Con-
cords and Oatawbas being the principal varieties
raised. The Concords produce about three tons per
acre, the Catawbas two tons, the Delawares two, the
Marthas two, the Dianas two and a half, the Ives four,
and the Hartford Prolifics no less than five tons per
acre.

An especially good characceristic of the Euclid vine-
yards is the fact that the vines require no protection
during the winter; the slatestone of the soil produc-
ing strong hardy wood for the vines, impervious to all
the winds that blow on lake or land. The poorest soil
for grain is the best for grapes. Land which, as Mr.
Harris said, would not raise wheat enough to feed the
grasshoppers, has produced good crops of grapes for
ten years in succession. The principal market is
found in Cleveland, but large quantities are shipped
to Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville. Besides the
grapes sold in bulk, considerable quantities are made
into wine by Mr. Harris and others in Euclid, and
thence sent away for sale.

The stone business, too, has become an important
one within the last twelve years. The quarries worked
forty years ago had been substantially abandoned, on
account of the supposed impracticability of compet-
ing with the Berea stone. In 1867, however, Mr.
Duncan McFarland opened a quarry on Euclid creek,
not far from the old ones, and since then the business
has rapidly increased in consequence.
James and Thomas McFarland opened the first

quarry on the west side of the creek in 1871. In
1875 they sold out to the Forest City Stone Company,
opened a quarry on the east side and built a mill for
cutting the stone into slabs. They now run three
gangs of saws and employ about fifteen hands, mostly
in producing flagging stone, though some building
stone, etc., is quarried.

The Forest City Stone Company employ twenty-
five men, and are doing a very extensive business.
Their mill is in Cleveland.

Maxwell Brothers (now McBride, Maxwell & Ma-
lone) opened a quarry and built a very large mill on
]N"ine Mile Creek in 1873. They run six gangs of
saws, with about twenty men. They use Ingersoll's
steam drill, carrying steam eleven hundred feet into
the quarry for that purpose, and thus driving the
drill twenty inches into the solid rook in three min-
utes.

There is also a steam-mill, for sawing stone, at
Nottingham, built and owned by Slosson & Meeker.
It has four gangs of saws, principally employed in
cutting flagging stone.

The village once known as East Euclid, or Euclid
Creek, but now more properly designated as Euclid,
contains one church, a fine school-house, two stores,
one hotel, one steam basket-factory, one wagon shop,
one shoe-shop, two blacksmith shops, and about
thirty houses. It has not grown very rapidly of late,
finding a rival in Nottingham, another small village
which has grown up since 1852 on the Lake Shore
railroad, three-fourths of a mile to the northward.
The latter has two stores, one wagon-shop, one feed-
mill, one stone-mill, one shoe-shop, two blacksmith-
shops, and also about thirty houses.

Nearly the whole of Euclid township was incorpor-
ated "for special purposes," under the laws of Ohio,
in April, 1877, when L. B. Smith, William Robbins
and Louis Harms were elected trustees, and J. Day
was appointed clerk. In April, 1878, L. B. Smith
was re-elected for three years. But the corporate ex-
istence of Euclid was very brief, for at the election in
October, 1878, the people voted to surrender their
corporate privileges, and revert to the rural condition
of their forefathers.

There is a commodious town-hall, built of brick,
situated at Euclid village. In the south part of the
township there is a framed building called Temper-
ance Hall. It was built in 1877 by subscription, and
is used for meetings of various kinds, especially for
those of Cliff Division, No. 98, of the Sons of Tem-
perance. The division was organized in August of
that year and contains about fifty members.

A part of the village of Collinwood, which has
grown up since the war, on the Lake Shore railroad,
is also in Euclid; the main street of the village being
the line between that township and East Cleveland.
As, however, the greater part of the village is in East
Cleveland, it will be more fully described in the his-
tory of that township.

458

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

EUCLID BAPTIST CHUECH.*

On the 37th day of April, 1820, six brethren and
five sisters were recognized by a council, duly called,
as the regular Baptist church of Euclid. Luther
Dille was the first deacon. Of those eleven members
none remain alive; Calvin Dille, who died in 1875,
being the last survivor. Previous to the date first
given there had for several years been Baptist preach-
ing in Euclid by Elder Goodell and others, but no
church organization. Elder Azaria.h Hanks, whose
wife was one of the constituent members, united by
letter at the first meeting of the church, became its
pastor, and continued so for about four years. His
labors during the first year were singularly successful,
no less than forty-three persons, besides the eleven
constituent members, uniting by baptism, and eight
by letter, during the remaining eight months of 1834.
Ten united on the 3d of June following the organi-
zation, of whom Deacon Seth D. Pelton is the only sur-
vivor, being the oldest living member of the church.
In September of that year Elder Hanks, Deacon
Dille and Mr. Libbey were sent as delegates to request
the admission of the church into the Grand River As-
sociation and to represent it when admitted. It was
so admitted, and (except during two years when it
belonged to Huron association) remained in the Grand
Eiver body until 1834, when it entered the Eocky
River association, of which it has ever since been a
member.

The jurisdiction of the church seems to have ex-
tended over a goodly portion of the Western Reserve,
meetings being held at East Euclid, at Newburg, fre-
quently at Chagrin river, and sometimes at S. D. Pel-
ton's residence on the ridge, near the site of the stone
quarries. But the principal headquarters of the
church were at Euclid creek, and there in January,
1831, the members voted to build "a framed house
of worship on land given by John Wilcox, thirty feet
square, with posts fifteen feet long, a gallery in front
of the desk, ten feet wide, two doors opposite the
desk, two aisles and thirty-six pews on the lower
floor." It was first voted that the pews should be
sold for twelve dollars each; afterwards that they
should be sold at auction, "twenty per cent, to be
paid in ashes in advance, and the balance by the first
of January next in grain." Wheat was then $1, rye
75 cents and corn 50 cents per bushel. Nothing
could more clearly show the scarcity of money and
the primitive customs of those times than this extract.
John Wilcox, Wm. Treat and S. D. Pelton were
the building committee, and the structure is believed
to have been erected during the ensuing year. In
1833 the church employed Elder Hanks as pastor two-
thirds of the time for two hundred bushels of wheat.
The next year, becoming more wealthy, they voted
to pay him three hundred bushels per year, appar-
ently for the whole of his time.

''Condensed from printed sketch by Rev. S. B. Webster.

No subsequent year has been so fruitful in conver-
sions as the first one of Elder Hanks' pastorate.

The church maintained its original strength, but
did not greatly increase in numbers. In 1838 Solo-
mon Dimick was the pastor, and during that year
seventeen were added to the church. Twenty-eight
were baptized in 1843, under the labors of Elder
Crocket, though apparently there was no regular
pastor at that time.

The church was incorporated, under a special act
of the legislature, on the 13th of March, 1844, doubt-
less preparatory to the erection of a new house of
worship. The latter was begun in 1845, being, like
the former one, erected on land donated by John
Wilcox. It was to be of brick, about thirty-six feet
by forty-eight, and the trustees were to finish it "as
fast as the church furnish funds." This was slow
work; the time for payment in ashes and wheat was
passed, but cash was still hard to obtain, and the
house was so long in building that it was used for
several years in an unfinished state, and was never
formally dedicated. It was, however, at last com-
pleted, and has been occupied by the church to the
present time.

During the latter part of its existence, the church
has maintained the same moderate degree of pros-
perity which had previously distinguished it. In
1846, under the pastorate of Elder Wilder, twenty-
five were added by baptism, and, in 1849, under
Elder Andrews, ten were expelled from the church.
In 1864, when Elder Phillips was the minister, there
were twenty-three baptized, but this large increase was
succeeded by ten absolutely barren years, reaching from
1865 to 1875, in which there was not a single addi-
tion to the membership.

There are now a little over fifty members, almost
exactly the same as there were at the end of the first
year of the church's history. The present officers are
as follows: Pastor, S. B. Webster; deacons, S. D.
Pelton, John Aiken; clerk, J. S. Charles; trustees,
Henry Priday, L. J. Neville, S. S. Langshare; clerk
of society, Warren Gardner.

ST. JOHN'S CONGREGATIOK (GERMAN EVANGELICAL '
LUTHERAN).

In 1845, and the following years, a few German
families settled in the southern part of Euclid and
the southeastern part of East Cleveland townships.
In 1853 these people, then comprising about twelve
families, though as yet unorganized, bought an acre
of land near the old stone school-house, on the State
road, on which they erected a small framed building
for a meeting-house and schooVhouse. In 1853 they
formed themselves into a church, with the title above
given, and called Rev. H. Kuehn to the pastorate.
The next year they bought ten and a half acres more
of land adjoining their former purchase, and in 1854
they built a residence for the pastor upon it.

By 1860 the congregation had increased to about
twenty families, and in that year the Eev. Mr. Kuehn

EUCLID.

459

was succeeded by Rev. A. Ernst. In 1^63 the present
large and convenient church edifice was erected, the
old one being thenceforth used only as a school-house.

The next year Mr. Ernst was succeeded by Bev. F.
W. Husniaun, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, who has
ever since acted as the pastor. From that time to the
present the church has steadily increased, there being
now fifty families with over three hundred members.

The school has always been an object of anxious
solicitude to the congregation, religious instruction
being carefully inculcated in it, besides the ordinary
branches of education, and German and English
reading and writing. The pastors themselves taught
the school until about four years ago, when, owing to
the increased numbers of both churcli and school, a
separate teacher was employed, Mr. H. Laasner hav-
ing since acted in that capacity.

The deacons and trustees are as follows: Ernest
Klaustermeier, Ernest Melcher and Fr. Mclcher, of
Euclid; Fr. Rolf and Henry Dremann, of East
Cleveland, and Henry Klaustermeier, of Mayfield.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NOTTINGHAM.

This church was organized about 1870, and, al-
though thei'e were but twelve or thirteen members,
yet their zeal was such that they built a framed house
of worship immediately after the organization. The
Rev. Fjanklin McGinniss supplied the pulpit for
about two years. Since then Rev. M. A. Qackett has
perfoj-med the same duty, although the weakness of
the congregation has prevented it from sustaining
constant services.

ST. PAUL'S (catholic) CHURCH.

This church was organized in the spring of 1861,
the church edifice, situated between Nottingham and
Euclid village, being completed in November of that
year. Rev. Edward Harman was the first pastor, but
did not reside in the township. He was succeeded in
1863 by Rev. Francis Salenn, and he in 1865 by Rev.
Anthony Martin, the first resident pastor, who has
ever since occupied that position. The same year a
parsonage and a cemetery wei-e purchased, and in
1867 a parochial school was established. St. Josepli
Chapel, Collinwood, was separately organized in 1877,
but is under the care of the same pastor. St. Paul's
church now includes about seventy families, and fifty
children attend its parochial school.

PRINCIPAL township OFFICERS.

1810. Trustees, Elisha Graham, David Dills, Thomas Mollrath ; clerk,
Lewis R. Dille; overseers of the poor, Daniel Hendershot, Holley Tan-
ner; appraiser, Nehemiah Dille; lister, Holley Tanner.

1811. Not recorded.

1812. Trustees, Samuel Dodge, Abraham Bishop, Christopher Colson;
cleric, L, R. Dille; treasurer, A. Bishop; appraiser, A. Bishop; lister,
Nehemiah Dille; overseers of the poor, Elias Lee, John Adams.

1813. Trustees, Elias Lee, Jedediah Crocker, Dan Hudson; clerk,
William Coleman; apprai.-er, .iames Strong; lister, William Smith;
overseers of the poor, David Dille, Elisha Graham.

1814. Trustees, Seth Doan, Nehemiah Dille, James Strong; clerk,
William Coleman ; treasurer, David Dille ; appraiser, John Bishop ; lister,
David Bunnell; overseer of the poor, John Shaw.

1815. Trustees, S. Doan, N. Dille, J. Strong; clerk, Wm. Coleman;

treasurer, Enoch Murray; lister, Samuel Mcllrath; appraiser, A. Dille;
overseers of the poor, E. Murray, Luther DiUe.

1816. Trustees, Samuel Mcllrath, Nehemiah Dille, James Strong;
clerk, Luther Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murray; appraiser, Aaron Cooper;
lister, S. Ruple; overseers of the poor, John Shaw, John Ruple.

1817. Trustees, Seth Doan, John Ruple, Thomas Gray; clerk, Luther
Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murray; appraiser, Parker Pelton; lister, Anson
Cooper; overseers of the poor, Enoch Murray, James Strong.

1818. Trustees, John Ruple, Enoch Murray, John Wilcox; clerk,
Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, David DiUe ; appraiser, Parker Pelton ; lister,
Paul P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille.

1819. Trustees, J. Shaw, Elihu Richmond, Abijah Crosby; clerk, Wm.
M. Camp; treasurer, Samuel W. Dille; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of
the poor, Samuel Mcllrath, Asa Weston.

1820. Trustees, John Shaw, Elihu Richmond, Wm. Case ; clerk, Wm.
M.Camp; treasurer, Alex. Mcllrath ; appraiser, Timothy Doan; lister,
P. P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Robert Young, Timothy Doan.

1821. Trustees, John Shaw, Timothy Doan, John Aikens; clerk, Wm.
M. Camp; treasurer, A. Mcllrath; appraiser, Benjamin S. Welch; lister,
John Sag j; overseers of poor, Seth Doan, Wm. Coleman.

1822. Trustees, Ahaz Merchant, Nehemiah Doan, Asa Weston ; clerk,
Alvin Hollister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple; appraiser, B. S. Welch; list-
er, P. P. Condit ; overseers of poor, A. Mcllrath, S. Ruple.

1823. Trustees, Wm. M. Camp, Ahaz Merchant, Ben]. Jones; clerk,
Alvin Hollister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple; appraiser, B. S. Welch; lister,
Joel Randall ; overseers of poor, J. D. Crocker, Wm. Gray,

1824. Trustees, Ahaz Merchant, John Wilcox, Samuel Ruple; clerk,
Dennis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; appraiser, Andrew Race;
lister, Joel Randall; overseers of poor, Benj. Jones, Reuel House.

1825. Trustees, John Wilcox, Samuel Ruple. John Shaw; clerk, Den-
nis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; appraiser, B. S. Welch; lister,
P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, Peter Rush, Joseph King.

1826. Trustees, John Wilcox, John Shaw, S. D. Pelton; clerk, Dennis
Cooper; overseers of poor, Elijah Burton, John Stoner.

1827. Trustees, Seth D. Pelton. John Doan, Peter Rush; clerk, Dennis
Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; overseers of poor, N ehemiah Dille,
William Coleman.

1828. Trustees, John Shaw, S. D. Pelton, Peter Rush; clerk, Dennis
Cooper; treasurer, Elihu Rockwell; overseers of poor, Benjamin Jones.
John Smith.

1829. Trustees, John Cone, Samuel MoUrath, Peter Rush ; clerk, John
Wilcox; treasurer, Elihu Rockwell; overseers of poor, EUhu Richmond,
Asa Weston.

1830. Trustees, John Cjne, Samuel Mcllrath, Abraham D. Slaght;
clerk, John Wilcox; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, Gad
Cranney, Jeremiah Shumway.

1831. Trustees, Abraham E. Slaght, John Smith, M. S. Mollrath; clerk,
Sargent Currier; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, William
Coleman, Samuel Dodge.

1832. Trustees, Michael S. Mollrath, Wakeman Penfleld, John Welch ;
clerk, John Sage; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, Samuel
Ruple, Timothy Doan.

1833. Trustees, M. S. Mcllrath, John Wilcox, William Upson; clerk,
John Sage; treasurer, Alvin Hollister; overseers of poor, John Wilcox,
A. S. Bliss.

1831. Trustees, John Wilcox. William Treat, Casper Hendershot;
clerk, John Sage; treasurer, A. HolUster; overseers of poor, P. P. Con-
dit, Abraham Farr.

1835. Trustees, Wilham Treat, Casper Hendershot, John Stoner ; clerk,
John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch,
Dennis Cooper.

1836. Trustees, William Treat, Casper Hendershot, John Stoner ; clerk,
John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Oondir; overseers of poor, Dennis Cooper,
J ohn Wilcox.

1837. Trustees, Casper Hendershot, William Nott, Merrick Lmdley ;
clerk, John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch,
Dennis Cooper.

1838. Trustees, Casper Hendershot, William Nott, John Welch ; clerk,
John Saee; treasurer, Paul P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch,
Dennis Cooper.

1839. Trustees, John Welch, S. D. Pelton, John Doan; clerk, John
Sage; treasurer, Sargent Currier; overseers of the poor, Dennis Cooper,
William Hale.

1840. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, John Doan, Hiram Mcllrath; clerk, John
Wilcox- treasurer, Sargent Currier; overseers of the poor, Samuel Mc-
llrath, Wm. Hale.

1841. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, John D. Stillman, Henry Shipherd ;
clerk, John Wilcox; treasurer, Myndert Wimple.

1842. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, S. D. Pelton, John Welch; clerk,
Henry Shipherd; treasurer. Myndert Wimple; overseers of the poor,
Thomas Mcllrath, Wm. Hale.

1843. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, John Welch, William Treat; clerk,
John Sage; treasurer, Johnson Ogram; overseers of the poor, John A.
Hale, A. Crosby.

460

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1844. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, Benj. B. Beers, Virgil Spring; clerk, John
Wilcox; overeeers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Anson jUken; assessor,
Samuel A, Mcllrath.

l&4o. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, Benj. B. Beers, Virgil Spring; clerk, John
Wilcox; overseers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Anson Aiken; assessor,
Samuel A. Mcllrath.

1845. Trustees, B. B. Beers, Virgil Spring, Anson Aiken: clerk, M. W.
Bartlett; overseers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Auson Aiken; assessor,
Benj. Hoagland.

1846. Ti-ustees, B. B. Beers, Virgil Spring, Anson Aiken; clerk, M. W.
Bartlett; overseer of the poor, R. S. Mcllrath; assessor, J. Wilcox.

1847. Trustees, Anson Aiken, Virgil Spring, Joseph Pelton; clerk, M.
W. Bartlett; overseer of the poor, E. S. Mcllrath; assessor, B. B. Beers.

1848. Trustees, Joseph Pelton, Wm. West, Wm. Treat; clerk, T. T.
White; overseer of the poor, E. S. Mcllrath; assessor, John Wilcox. .

1849. Trustees, Wm. West, Wm. Treat, Joseph Pelton; clerk, Aaron
Thorp; overseer of the poor, John Wilcox; assessor, Henry Shipherd.

1850. Trustees, Wm. Treat, Joseph Pelton, J. L. Aldi ich ; clerk, Aaron
Thorp; overseer of the poor, Anson Aiken ; assessor, Henry Shipherd,

ISol. Trustees, Wm. Treat, Vii gil Spring, Jonathan Parr; clerk, Chas.
Farr; overseer of the poor, Anson Aiken; assessor, M. W. Bartlett.

1853. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Virgil Spring, M. Dille ; clerk, Chas.
Farr; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, M. W. Bartlett.

1853. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Joseph Pelton, Wm. Treat; clerk,
Chas. Farr; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, M. W. Bartlett.

18.>(. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Joseph Pelton, Wm. Treat ; clerk Chas-
Farr; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, Jefferson Gray.

1855. Trustees, Virgil Spring, H. M. Eddy, C. S. White; clerk, Aaron
Thorp; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jefferson Gray.

1856. Trustees, Virgil Spring, H. M. Eddy, Joseph Pelton; clerk,
Aaron Thorp; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, Jefferson Gray.

1857. Trustees, Virgil Spring, Jos. Pelton, C. S. White ; clerk, S. W.
Dille; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, H. Cushman.

1858. Trustees, C. S. White, Jos. Pelton, Wells Minor; clerk, S. W.
Dille; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray.

1859. Trustees, C. S. White, Jos. Pelton, Wells Minor; clerk, S. W.
DUle; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray.

1860. Trustees, C. S. White, Geo. Rathburn, John Wilcox, Jr. ; clerk,
Henry Moses; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray.

1861. Trustees, C. S. White, Geo. Rathburn, Jas. Eddy; clerk, S. W.
Dille; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, H. Cushman.

1803. Trustees, C. S. White, Jas. Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, S. W.
Dille; treasurer. Nelson Moses; assessor, Benj. Hoagland.

1863. Trustees, Chas. Moses, Jas. Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, S. W.
Dille; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

1864. Trustees, Chas. Moses, James Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, E. J.
Hulbeit; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

1865. Trustees, C. S. White, G. W. Woodworth. L. B. Dille; clerk, S.
W. DUle; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

1866. Trustees, C. S. White, G. W. Woodworth, Wells Minor; clerk, S.
AV. Dille; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

1867. Trustees, Wells Minor, A. B. Dille, David Waters; clerk, A. C.
Stevens; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

1868. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, C. S. White; clerk, E. P.
Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

18B9. Trustees, Wells Miniir, David Waters, Wm. Gaylord ; clerk, E.
P. Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, Morris Porter.

1870. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, Ernest Melchor; clerk,
E. P. Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, Morris Porter.

1871. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, Ernest Melchor; clerk,
A. S. Jones; treasurer, L. J. Neville; assessor, S. Woodmansee.

Ih73. Trustees, Divid Waters. Ernest Melchor, H. M. Eddy; clerk, L.
J. Neville; treasurer, Moj-ris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

1873. Trustees, David Waters, Ernest Melchor. H. M. Eddy; clerk,
Joseph Day; treasurer, Morris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

1874 Trustee, H. M. Eddy, Ernest Melchor, S. Woodmansee; clerk,
W. W. Dille; treasui-er, Morris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

1875. Trustees, Ernest Melchor, David Waters, S. Woodmansee ; clerk,
Jos. Day; treasurer, Morris Porter ; assessor, Lucius Smith.

1876. Trustees, Ernest Melchor, David Waters, H. M. Eddy; clerk,
Jos. Day; treasurer, A. C. Gardner; assessor. S. S. Armstrong.

1H77. Ti-ustees, H. M. Eddy, Geo. Smith, Justice Shaffer; clerk, E. P.
Haskell; treasurer, A. C. Gardner; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

1878. Trustees, David Waters, George Smith, Justice Shaffer; clerk,
Stephen A\'liite; treasurer, E. D. Pelton; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

1879. Trustees. Justice Shatter, George W. Smith, William Marshall;
clerk, S. White; treasurer, E. D. Pelton; assessor, S. S. Armstrong.

CHAPTER LXXVI.

INDEPENDENCE.*

Boundaries and Physical Features— The Pioneers— George Comstock—
The Mortons— Frazee and Dickson— Z. Hathaway-Fisher and Brower,
Cochrain, Miner and others— John I. Harper— Eail McArthur--West of
the River— The Skinner Family— Abraham Garfield— Resident Land
Owners in 1843-Civil Organization— First Officers -Principal Ofaeers—
Roads— Canal and Railroad- Mills and Manufactures— Cleveland Acid
Works- The Quarries— Kinzer Quarry— Hurst Quarry— Other Quarries
—Independence Village — Post OfHces-Physicians— Hotels— Trade—
Schools- Religious Societies— Presbyterian Church— Evangelical Asso-
ciation—St. John's Lutheran Church— St. Michael's Church.

Independence is described in the original survey
as Township 0, range 12. It is bounded by Brooklyn
and Newburg on the north; by Bedford on the east;
by Brecksville and a small part of Summit county on
the south, and by Parma on the west. The Cuyahoga
river, flowing from a southeasterly direction, divides
tho township into two unequal parts; nearly two-
thirds of the area lying west of that stream.

Excepting the valley of the Cuyahoga, the average
width of which is about half a mile, the surface of
Independence presents an elevated and broken appear-
ance, although small level plateaus abound. Sand-
stone and blue-stone of excellent quality generally un-
derlie the soil, and sometimes manifest themselves in
bare ledges. The soil is generally fertile and appears
to be well adapted for mixed husbandry. Besides the
Cuyahoga, the streams of the township are Tinker's
creek, flowing from the east; Hemlock creek, near
the center, flowing from tlie west, and some small
brooks in the northwestern part. Tha latter have
deep channels, often forming gorges the steep sides of
which bear a stunted growth of evergreens and pre-
sent a picturesque appearance. Numerous springs
abound, and the natural drainage is usually suflScient
to render the soil tillable.

PIONEER SETTLERS.

The eastern part of the township was surveyed as
early as 1808, and there, along Tinker's creek, the first
settlements were made a few years later, probably in
1811, although the time and place cannot be exactly
determined, as the earliest pioneers did not remain
long in the township. To a more permanent class of
settlers belonged George and Mercy Comstock, who
carae about 1813, and made their home on lot seven
of tract four, where they resided during their lives.
They had three sons: Peter, who lived on the place
next east; George, whose home was on the present
farm of William Honeywell, and Pitch, who remained
ou the old homestead. Another Comstock family
settled on lot two about the same time, where the
head of it died in 1815, leaving several sons, two of
whom were named Fitch and Joseph. On tract four,
lot four, lived Daniel Comstock as early as 1813, who
died there, leaving three sons, Albert, Stephen and
Leonard, all of whom moved away.

In the Comstock neighborhood Samuel Wood was
one of the earliest settlers, rearing two sons, Silas and

*The story of the temporary residence of the Moravian Indians in this
township is told on pages thirty-three to thirty-flve of the general his-
tory.

mDEPENDENOE.

461

Harry, the latter of whom is yet living in Northfield.
About the same time (the early part of 1813) Lewis
Johnson, a blacksmith, located in that settlement.
He had a large family; one son only by the name of
Thomas is remembered. Philander Ballon lived on
the south side of Tinker's creek near its mouth, about
the same period.

In the valley of that creek came among the early
pioneers, DanierChase and Clark Morton. One of
the daughters of the latter was drowned while cross-
ing the Cuyahoga in a canoe. He had two sons
named Daniel and Silas. There were other Mortons,
living in the township about this period, viz: Thomas
Samuel and William.

William King was among the first to come to In-
dependence. He lived on tract four a number of
years, and then disappeared mysteriously.

In the southeastern corner of the township Stephen
Fnizee and James Dickson settled soon after 1812,
and for many years were among the prominent
pioneers. In the valley of Tinker's creek Asa and
Horace Hungerford were also leading citizens at an
early day.

Farther north, on the old State road, Zephaniah
Hathaway, a Vermonter, settled in 1816, and resided
there until his death, at more than ninety years of
age. He had two sons named Alden and Zephaniah,
who also remained in that locality. The sons of the
former were Lafayette, William, Rodney and Edwin;
those of the latter were James and Milo; most of these
yet live in that neighborhood. On the same road
Jonathan Fisher, another Vermonter, settled in 1816,
living on the place now occupied by his grandson,
Lloyd Fisher. North of Fisher, Elisha Brower set-
led about 1817, but soon afterward died, leaving four
sons named John, David Pinckney, Daniel and
William. Sfcill farther north, near the Newburg line,
lived a. man named Ives, who died in 1819. He liad a
son named Brastus. David Skinner was an early set-
tler in the same neighborhood.

In the northern part of the township, near the
river, settlements were made about 1813 by the Coch-
rain. Miner, Brockway and Paine families. One of
the sons of the first-named family, Marvin, became a
prominent citizen of the township. William Creen
came from Brecksville in 1817, and settled on the Fos-
dick place. He had five sons named Harvey, Elijah,
Jeremiah, Herod and Frederick, and several daughters,
one of whom, Emily, became Mrs. Fosdick. Farther
up the river John Westfall, a shoemaker, settled the
same year. In 1823 he sold out to Smith Towner
and his son, D. D. Towner. A son of the latter,
Clark Towner, now occupies the place.

In 1810 John I., Archibald and William Harper,
sons of Colonel John Harper a celebrated Revolu-
tionary soldier who lived in Delaware county, New
York, came to Ashtabula county, in this State, and
in 18)6 John I. emigrated from there to Independ-
eoce, settling on tract two, near where the canal now
runs, where he died in August, 1849. He reared two

sons, Erastus R., who yet lives on the homestead;
De Witt C, who moved to Michigan; and tl;ree
daughters, one of whom married H. G. Edwards, of
Newburg. John Maxwell, a boy indentured to J. I.
Harper, moved to Calena, Illinois, after he had at-
tained manhood, and while discharging his duties as
sheriff was killed by a man whom he attempted to
arrest.

East of the Harper place a man named Case settled
about 1814; a few years later he met his death at a rais-
ing at Peter Comstock's. He had four sons, named

Chauncey, Asahel, Harrison and . Samuel

Roberts was a squatter on the present Omar place,
selling out in 1825 to Nathaniel P. Fletcher, who
moved, after 1833, to Oberlin, and there helped to
found Oborlin College. Farther south Ephraim S.
Bailey and John Rorabeck made settlements before
1816. The latter had served in the war of 1813.

Colonel Rial McArthur became a resident of the
township in 1833, but returned to Portage county in
1844. He was the surveyor of the eastern part of
Independence in 1808, and attained the rank of colo-
nel in the war of 1813. In 1810 John Wightman
became a resident of Cleveland, living there until his
death, in 1837. His daughter, Deborah L., became the
wife of William H. Kuapp, who settled in Independ-
ence in 1833, and both are yet living on the place they
then occupied.

West of the Cuyahoga the land was not offered for
settlement early, and but few families found homes
there prior to 1835. In the northern part Ichabod
L. Skinner settled as early as 1818. He reared three
sons, named Gates, Prentice and David P. The lat-
ter was murdered at his home a little south of the
present acid works.

On the road south of Skinner, Abraham Garfield,
father of Hon. James A. Garfield, lived a few years
prior to 1830; and in the same neighborhood was
Caleb Boynton, who died there in 1831; leaving four
sons, Amos, Nathan, William and Jeremiah. Other
settlers on the west side were William Currier, John
Darrow, Jasper Fuller and Jaud Fuller.

In 1843 the resident land owners in this part of
the township were the following: Conrad Schaff,
Peter E. Swartz, Joseph BeicLelmeyer, SanfordFoot,
Ichabod L. Skinner, J. L. Skinner, John Walsh,
Henry Wood, Hiram Pratt, John T. Gaw, Joseph
Rose, David Yost, Martin Dirrer, L. Stewart, Peter
Young, Jacob Walters, Nelson Loud, Benj. Wood,
Moses Usher, Elijah Danser, David Barney, Harvey
Green, John Foltz, Wm. Bushnell, Wm. Buskirk,
Wm. Walter, John Shearer, John Schneider, Nathan-
iel Wyatt, Mathew Bramley, James Miller, S. M.
Dille, David Stewart, H. Orth, Alvah Darron, An-
thon Gaw, Andrew Hartmiller, M. Sherman, Abra-
ham Gable, Daniel Alt, Peter P. Crumb, Blihu Hol-
lister, Amos Newland, E. Clark, Wm. Ring, Elisha
■ Brooks, Wm. Currier, Elijah Green, Jacob Foltz,
Jacob Froelich, Mathias Froelich, John Froelich,
Samuel Hayden, John Leonard, L. Wright, John

462

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Wolf, Jolin Derr, J. Green, A. Newland, Thomas
Cook, Jatnos Martin, Wm. G. Adams, Asa Hanger-
ford, Ezra Fuller, John Needham, Eafns Johnson,
Philip Gardner, Joseph Ounniugham, Mat'iew Bar-
ker, Nathaniel Stafford, Robert Cook, Wm. Van
Noate, Jacob Warner, Jasper Puller, John Moses, J.
P, Leonard, Mathew Gardner, Ezra Brewster, Jere-
miah Gowdy, Lewis Kohl.

On the east side of the river the land owners in that
year were as follows: Jacob Krapht, Joseph Miller,
Marvin Cochrain, David D. Towner, Jonathan Pisher,
Findley Strong, Zophaniah Hathaway, E. Gleason,
H. G. Edwards, Abram Wyatt, G. Richmond, Wm.
Giles, Moses Gloeson, William Gleeson, Roger Com-
stock, Wm. Green, Waterman Ells, Alfred Pisher,
John I. Harper, Silas A. Hathaway, E. R. Harper,
Bsnj. Fisher, Samuel Hinkley, L. Campbell, Allen
Robinotte, Horace Hungerford, Stephen Frazee, Rial
Mc Arthur.

CIVIL ORGANIZATION'.

The records of the township from its organiz'ition
till 1834 have been destroyed by fire. In that year
the election for township officers resulted as follows:
Trustees, John I. Harper, J. L. M. Brown, Marvin
Cochrain; clerk, William H. Knapp; treasurer, Jon-
athan Fisher; constables. Orange McArthur, Jona-
than Frazee; overseers of the poor, Enoch Scovill,
William Green; fence viewers, Alvah Darrow, Na-
thaniel Wyatt. The number of votes polled was sev-
enty-one. E'.ioch Jewett, Stephen Frazee and S. A.
Hathaway were the judges of the election, and Greo.
Comstock and Alvah Darrow served as clerks. On
the 2nd of August, 1834, afi election for justice of
the peace was held at the house of William H. Knapp,
when David D. Towner received forty-one votes, Wm.
H. Knapp sixteen, and Stephen Frazee, nine.

Since 1834 the principal officers have been as fol-
lows:

1835. Trustees, Alvah Darrow, Jr., J. Zsphaniah Haihaway, Jasper
Fuller; clerk, Alfred Fi-her; treasurer, Jonathan Fisher.

1836. Trustees, Eqos Hawkins, Zephaniah Hathaway, Jasper Fuller;
clerk, Alfred Fisher; treasurer, D. D, Towner.

1837. Trustees, BUhu HoUiste", John I. Harper, John Rowan; clerk,
Alfred Fisher; treasurer D. D. Towner.

183S. Trustees, Alfrad Fisher, Enoch Scovill, Samuel Durand ; clerk,
Wm. H. Knapp; treasurer, D. D. Towner.

1,83!). Truste-s, Alfred Fisher, Wm. Buskirk, Samuel Durand; clerk,
Hirry Mc.^rthur; treasurer, D.D.Towner.

180. Trustees, Mirvin Cochrain, John Phillips, Wra. F. Bushnell;
clerk, Wm. H. Knapp; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1811. Trustees. Alfred Fisher, Daniel B. Williams, Elias M. Gleeson;
clerk, H vrry Mc.^rthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1843. Trustees, Finlay Strong Wm. Van Xoate, Isaac Packard; clerk,
Harry Mo.4.rihur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1843. Trustees, Jonathan Fisher, Alvah Darrow, Wm. F. Bushnell;
clerk, Harr.r MoArthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1844. Trustees, Jonathan Fisher, Alvah Darrow, Wm. F. Bushnell;
clerk. Harry McArthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

18r>. Trustees. D. D. T >wner, Alvah Darrow, H. McArthur; clerk,
D. H. Fisher; treasurer Brastus R, Harper,

1816. Trustees, D. D. Towner, Wm. Buskirk, H. Mc.irthur; clerk, B.
H. Fisher; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1847. Trustees, D. D. Towner, Wra. Buskirk, Joseph Cunningham;
clerk I. L. Gleeson; t easurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1848. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Silas A. Hathaway, Joseph Cunningham;
clerk, I. L. Gleeson; treasurer, E -astus R. Harper.

1849. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Alfred Fisher, Alvah Darrow ; clerk, L.
D. Hathaway; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper.

1860. Trustees, John Schofleld, Alfred Fisher, Wm. Van Noate ; clerk,
Benj. Wood; treasurer, Erastus R. Harper.

1851. Trustees, E, R. Harper, James Miller, Wm. H. Perry; clerk, I.
L. Gleeson; treasurer, John Schofleld.

185-3. Trustees, Jacob Foltz. James Miller, I. L. Gleeson; clerk, Benj.
Wood; treasurer, John Schofleld.

185.3. Trustees Alvah Darrow, Jonathan Frazee, William Green 2d;
clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1854. Trustees, E. R. Harper, Jonathan Frazee, John Foltz; clerk'
J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1855. Trastefes, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewster; clerk, J.
K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1866. Trustees, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewster, clerk,
J. K, Brainard ; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1857. Trustees. Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu HoUister;
clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1858. Trustees, Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu HoUister;
clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1859. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Wm. Green 8d, Albert Comstock;
clerk. J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1860. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Edward Hynton, Albert Comstock;
clerk, G. B. Pierce; treasurer. I. L Gleeson.

1861. Trustees, Edward Heinton, Elihu HoUister, Jacob Lotz; clerk,
J. K. Brainard treasurer. I. L. Gleeson.

1863. Trustees, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins, Milo N. Hathaway ;
clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson.

1863. Trustees, Edward Heinton Horace Hungerford, John Froilich;
clerk, E. R. Harper; treasurer, I. L. Gleason.

1864. Trustees, H. C. Currier, Jobn Swartz, L. D. Hathaway; clerk,
Wm. B. Munson ; treasurer, Geo. W. Green.

1865. Trustees, A. Alexander, E. HoUister, Horace Hungerford ; clerk,
O. P. McMillan; treasurer, E. R. Harper.

1866. Trustees, A. Alexander, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins;
clerk. O. P. McMiUan; treasurer, B. R. Harper.

1867. Trustees, William Green, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins;
clerk, C. H. Bushnell ; treasurer, E. R. Harper.

1868. Trustees, J. Frazee, Edward Heinton, Wm. Buskirk; clerk, C.
H. Bushnell; treasurer, E. R. Harper.

, 1869. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Edward Heinton, George Gabilla;
clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, John Bender.

1870. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Clark Towner, George Gabilla;
clerk, C. H. Buihnell; treasurer, .John Bender.

1871. Trustees, John B. McMilLm, T. P. Gjwday, John Packard;
clerk, D. S. Green; treasurer, John Bender.

1872. Trustees, George Cochran, B. D. Schrain, John Packard; clerk,
Frank Brown; treasurer, C. Hrown.

1873. Trustees, E. R. Harper, C. J. Green, Levi Summers; clerk, C. H.
Bushnell; treasurer, C Brown.

1874. Trustees, Geo. W. Green, D. L. PhiUips, George Summers;
clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, C. Hannum.

1875. Trustees, John B. .McMillan, F. Litzler, James Watkins; clerk,
Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, C. Hannum.

1876. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Max Buhl, John Giles; clerk, C. H.
Bushnell; treasurer, C. Hannum.

1877. Trustees, D. FuUerton, J. A. Hathaway, H, France; clerk, J. B.
Waltz; treasurer, George Lambacher.

1878. Trustees, D. FuUerton, T. Jt Gowday, H. France; clerk, C. H.
Bushnell; treasurer, George Lambacher.

1879. Trustees, D. FuUerton, T. M. GowJay, H. France; clerk, D.
Gindlesperger; treasurer, George Lambacher.

The township owns a good hall, located in the pub-
lic square, at the center, and maintains several fine
places of burial. The largest of these — Maple Shade
Cemetery — consists of four acres, on the State road,
north of the center, and was purchased in September,
1865, of Sebastian Blessing. It contains a fine vault,
and has been otherwise improved. Several of the
religious denominations also maintain small but at-
tractive places of sepulture.

PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES.

Several of the early State roads passed through the
township from points farther south to Clevehmd, and
considerable attention was paid to the improvement of
these highways soon after their location. In 1834
Henry Wood, Manly Coburn, John I. Harper, William
Moses, Abram Schermerhorn, Zephaniah Hathaway,
William Van Noate, Nathaniel Wyatt, and J. M. L .

INDEPENDENCE.

463

Brown were appointed road supervisors. The town-
ship has had to pay a heavy bridge tax to keep in place
the structures whicli span the Cuyahoga. At present
these present a substantial appearance. In 1879 the
levies for roads and bridges were one and one-third
mills on the valuation of the township, and the su-
pervisors were E. H. Koening, Michael Halpin, N.
Burmaster, Joel Foote, Hugh Gowdy, George Lam-
bacher, George Bushnell, J. Waltpr, H. Giles, A.
Comstock, T. Frantz, C. Mehling, J. F. Miller, Wil-
liam Fulton, C. H. Bushnell, and F. Beebe.

The Ohio canal was located through the township
in 1825, William H. Price being the resident engineer.
Two years later it was opened for travel. It is on the
east side of the Cuyahoga, and has in the township a
length of about seven miles, with four locks, num-
bered from thirty-seven to forty inclusive.

On the opposite side of the river, and following a
course nearly parallel with the canal, is the line of the
Valley Railroad, now being constructed. Work was
begun in 1873, but various causes have prevented its
completion until the present year, before the end of
which it is expected that the last rail will be laid.
These avenues give or will give the township easy
communication with the rest of the world, and the
best of shipping facilities.

MANUFACTUEING INTBKESTS.

The township did not have any early gristmills nor
factories. On Hemlock creek sawmills were erected
by Eing & McArthur, and Clark & Land. On the
site of the mill owned by the latter firm there is now
a steam sawmill which is operated by J. G. Wing. It
has a run of stone for grinding feed, and is also sup-
plied with a machine for threshing grain.

About 1835, Finney & Farnsworth constructed a
dam across the river at William H. Kniipp's, and for
several years a sawmill was operated there quite ex-
tensively. Below that point M. Shermiin put up a
sawmill and machinery for turning and polishing
sandstone. The sawmill is yet operated by John
Geisendorf. On the site of the acid works, Harry
Wood had a steam gristmill, which was destroyed by
fire; and near there the Palmer Brothers had a steam
sawmill, which is still carried on. In the southeast-
ern portion of the township A. Alexander erected a
good gristmill. Which is yet operated by him, and is
the only gristmill in the township.

Cabinet organs were made in the northern part of
Independence until 1876 by the Palmer Brothers.
The building is now occupied for the manufacture of
"Currier's Section Sharpener," a very simple con-
trivance for sharpening mowing-machine knives
without removing them. The material used is Inde-
pendence sandstone, which, it is claimed, will not
become coated with gum on being used for sharpen-
ing purposes. The firm also manufacture oil stones.

THE CLETBLAND ACID WORKS.

This important establishment was put in operation
in 1867 by W. R. Anderson, for the purpose of restor-

ing to available form the sulphuric acid existing in
the refuse matter of oil refineries. Since 1873 R. H.
Emerson has been the proprietor of the works, which
have been superintended by J. C. Burmaster. The
establishment embraces a number of large and well-
arranged buildings; it is capable of producing six
thousand carboys of acid per month, and it employs
about thirty men. The spent acid is brought to the
works by canal when navigation permits. The re-
storing process requires the use of two thousand tons
of coke and about double that amount of coal annual-
ly. Among the peculiar features of the place are
one hundred and sixty glass retorts, holding fifty
gallons each, and five storage tanks, the united capac-
ity of which is six thousand barrels.

THE QUAKRIES.

Aside from the agricultural pursuits which engage
a majority of the people of the township, the chief
industry of Independence is the quarrying of stone.
West of the river the surface is underlaid by a ledge
of superior sandstone, the composition of which is so
fine that it makes the very best of grindstones. To
quarry and manufacture these gives occupation to
hundreds of men and constitutes a business of more
than $400,000 per year. Most of the products are
shipped by canal, but a considerable quantity are
drawn by team direct to Cleveland.

THE KINZER QUARRY.

This is on the county road, two and a half miles
west from the center, and was opened in 1848 by
Joseph Kinzer. He at first got out but a few grind-
stones, which were cut into shape by hand. He in-
creased his business, however, from year to year until
he had a good-sized gang of men at work. In 1867
Joseph Kinzer, Jr., succeeded to the business, and
the following year employed machinery for turning
his grindstones tlie motive power being steam. The
lathe was first operated on the Darrow place, but has
lately been removed to near the Kinzer quarry.
From four hundred to one thousand tons of grind-
stones are produced in addition to large quantities of
building and flagging stones.

THE HURST QUARRIES.

These were opened in 1847 by the owner of the
land, Hiram Pratt. In 1860 he sold to James F.
Clark, who associated with him Baxter Clough. The
latter operated the quarry until 1873, when it became
the property of J. R. Hurst, of Cleveland, the present
proprietor. The grindstones were first prepared by
hand, but in 1866 a lathe operated by steam power
was provided, which has since been used to turn
stones weighing from three hundred pounds to four
tons. The quarry is supplied with two derricks, and
gives employment to forty men.

At. a point farther east, near the same road, Mr.
Clough opened another quarry in 1867, which also
became the property of Mr. Hurst, and at present

464

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

gives work to thirty men, who are employed chiefly
ill quarrying building-stones. North of the center,
stone was quarried as early as 1840 by M. Sherman,
Erastus Eldridge and others. Mr. Eldridge operated
the quarry quite extensively, building a horse rail-
road to transport the products to the canal. Here
were procured the pillars of the Weddell House in
Cleveland. Other opei-ators in those quarries were
A. Rothermail, Joseph Blessing, J. Merkel and Harry
James. The latter erected a good turning lathe at
the canal, and also built a wharf for loading canal
boats. These and the quarry at the center have been
leased by Mr. Hurst, and are now operated in con-
nection with his other interests in the township under
the superintendence of Marx Buhl.

West of the village are the quarries of the Wilson
& Hughes Stone Company, employing a large gang of
men, and operated since 1860; of Thomas Smith and
of Ephraim West, each being worked by a gang of
men. East of the center are quarries at present
worked by J. Smeadley and Joseph Wiudlespecht;
and southeast are the T. G. Clewell blue stone quar-
ries, from which stones of superior quality for flag-
ging purposes have been procured. A mill has been
erected to saw the stone in any desired shape, and
lately a lathe for turning grindstone has been added.
Many other quarries are worked more or less, but the
foregoing sufficiently indicate the importance and ex-
tent of the business.

lUDEPENDBNCE VILLAGE.

This place, sometimes called the Center, is the only
village in the township. It is situated on the State
road about equi-distant from the north and south
bounds of the township. It has a beautiful location
on an elevated plateau which slopes gently southward
toward Hemlock creek. In the early settlement of
this part of the township, the proprietor, L. Strong,
set aside a tract of land for a public square and vil-
lage purposes, but the place made a slow growth, and
never assumed much importance as a business point.
At present it presents a somewhat scattered appear-
ance, and is composed mainly of the humble homes
of those who find occupation outside of the village.
It contains a Roman Catholic, a Presbyterian and an
Evangelical church, a fine school-house, the town-hall
and several hundred inhabitants.

The Independence post office was established on the
east side of the river, at the house of Nathan P.
Fletcher, who was the first postmaster. Until about
thirty years ago, when it was permanently established
at the village, the office was kept in difiercnt parts of
the township at the residences of the postmasters.
Those, after Mr. Fletcher, have been William H.
Knapp, Nathaniel Stafford, John Needham, B. F.
Sharp, J. K. Brainard, George Green and Calvin
Hannum. The latter has been postmaster since 186.5.
The office is on the route from Cleveland to Copley,
and has a tri-weekly mail. At the acid works a post
office has lately been established by the name of

Willow. John L. Kingsbury is the postmaster, and
the mail facilities are the same as at Independence.

Several gentlemen by the name of Day followed the
practice of medicine in the township many years ago
for a short period, bnt Dr. William B. Munson was
the first to establish a permanent practice. He is yet
a resident of the village, but has retired from active
duty. The present practitioner is Dr. S. 0. Morgan.
Doctors Charles Holhs and E. M. Gleeson were phy-
sicians in the township for short periods, but did not
establish themselves permanently in their profession.
Before 1830 a tavern was kept on the canal by a
man named Kleckner, in a house built by Philemon
Baldwin, and farther up the river was "Mother Par-
ker's tavern," which enjoyed a wide reputation.
About 1836, Peter P. Crumb opened a public house
north of the center, which he kept many years. Sub-
sequent landlords were Hartmiller and George

Sommers. The latter now occupies the place as a
private residence. At the center a tavern was opened
in 1853 by Job Pratt, who was followed successively
by Hollis, Gunn, Eaton, Alger, Probeck and Wolf,
the latter being the present landlord.

I. L. and Edward M. Gleeson were among the first
to engage in the mercantile business in the township,
selling goods at the twelve-mile lock. Other persons
in trade there were Merrill, Butter, Oyler and Ben-
der. Soon after the Crumb tavern was opened,
Benjamin Wood sold goods at the stand now occupied
by Joseph Urmetz, but Horace Ball opened the first
regular store at the center. His successors at that
stand have been J. K. Brainard, George Green, Jo-
sephus Brown, Charles Green and Charles Memple,
who is now in trade there.

Epaphroditus Wells had a store a few years oppo-
site the tavern, and near by another store was opened
byJacob and Samuel Poltz and I. L. Gleeson. These
parties were followed by Currier & Watkins, who had
a shoe store. The stand is at present occupied by
Calvin Hannum. About eight years ago P. Kingsley
opened another store, which is now kept by C. H.
Bushnell.

The township has half a dozen shops in which the ,
common mechanical trades are carried on.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The first schools in Independence were established
east of the river. In 1830 there were four districts.
In 1850 the condition of the schools was as follows:

Distl-ict.
No. 1. . . .

Youth of School Age.
66

Total Tax for Scl
$37 50

" S....

66 33

" 3.,..

" 4....

34 39

" 5....

39 21

" 6....

" 7....

35 05

" 9....

49 28

•• 10....

4....
8

37 70

[■actional No

3 63

.. (t

4S88

.( '■

2B. ,

16.52

611

$1.37.73

In 1879 there were three hundred and seventy-three
males and three hundred and twenty-three females of

INDEPENDENCE.

46§

school age, of which number one hundred and seventy-
six were between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one
years. The tuition fund amounts to 13,343.35.
Nearly all the districts have been provided with good
school houses; the one at the center being two stories
high. In this a school for the more advanced pupils
of the township has been miintained every winter
since 1870. The board of education in 1879 was as
follows: B. D. Schramm, of district No. 9, chairman;
D. Gindlespsrger, clerk; No. 1, Prank Gleeson; No.
3, A. J. Parrar; No. 3, J. Hathaway; No. 4, Prank
Fosdick; No. 5, George Lambacher; No. 6, John
Giles; No. 7, Harry Rose, and No. 8, H. Paubel.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.

It is said that the first religious meeting in the
township was held October 1, 1836, by the Rev. Mr.
Freeman, a Baptist from Cleveland. In February,
1837, a Baptist congregation was organized, which
flourished a short time, but soon became extinct.
About the same period a class of Methodists was
formed which also failed to maintain its organization
beyond a few years. Its meetings were held at the
houses of those friendly to that denomination; but a
common place of worship was soon after provided in
a log school-house at the center in which the different
ministers visiting the township preached.

The Congregationalists were the first to organize a
church which had any permanency, and which is at
present known as

THE PRESBYTERIAN' CHURCH IN INDBPENDElfCE.

The organizei's were the Revs. Israel Shailer and
Chester Chapin, of the Missionary Association of
Connecticut. On the 34th of June, 1837, they united
in church fellowship William F. Bushnell and his
wife Betsey; James and Mary Miller; Betsey Brew-
ster; Jane and Elizabeth Bushnell — seven in all.
William P. Bushnell was elected deacon, and James
Miller, clerk.

The meetings were first held in the log school-
house, at Miller's corners, and then in the town hall.
On the 17th of October, 1854, a society to attend to
the temporal affairs of the church was formed, which
had as its first trustees, Wm. F. Bushnell, Joseph
Cunningham and Benj. Wood; as treasurer, James
Miller; as clerk, B. Wells. The society was dis-
banded in October, 1873. Under its direction, in
1855, the present meeting-house was built at the cen-
ter. It is an attractive edifice of the excellent sand-
stone found so plentifully in the township, and has
a fiue location on the west side of the public square.
The cost was $3,594.79; the finances being managed
by the pastor, the Rev. B. F. Sharp.

On the 5th of February, 1863, the church became
Presbyterian in form, and has since continued in that
faith. Calvin Hannum, Wm. F. Bushnell and Daniel
W. Abbott were elected ruling elders; and the former
and J. G. Wing at present serve in that capacity.

The deacons are Joseph Miller and D. S. Green; the
clerk of the sessions is Calvin Hannum.

The organizers of the church served two years as
supplies. In 1845 the Rev. Mr. McReynolds served
the church. Some time before 1854 the Rev. B. F.
Sharp came as a supply, and that year became pastor
of the church, remaining until 1859. During his
service the membership increased from seven to thirty-
five. There has been no pastor since, but the pulpit
has been supplied by Rev. Messrs. Morse, Van Vleek,
Bushnell, Jenkins, Edwards, Chapin, Farwell, Cone,
Pettinger, and the present Rev. Bowman of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, who preaches alter-
nately here and in the Evangelical Chui'ch at this
place.

The church has had an aggregate membership of
one hundred and eighty-five, but at present bears the
names of only thirty persons on its register. A flour-
ishing Sunday school is maintained, of which J. G.
Wing is the superintendent.

Mainly through the efforts of the Rev. T. G. Clew-
ell a very neat brick church was erected at the cen-
ter, sometime about 1860, for the use of the

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENCE,

and on the 7th of January, 1863, was duly organized
the first board of trustees, composed of George W.
Green, George Merkle, Francis Pillet, Henry Wentz
and Mathew Bramley. Services have since been
statedly held in the English and German languages
by the Rev. Messrs. Clewell, Hahn, Humber, Breit,
Bernhart, Mott, Duderer, Hasenpflug, Horn, Orwig,
Seib, Hammer and other clergymen who came from
Cleveland for the purpose. The membership at
present is small in consequence of removals. The
trustees are Messrs. Crane, Windlespect, Sommers,
Bramley and Newland. Jacob Schmidt is the super-
intendent of a flourishing Sunday school.

ST. John's evangelical Lutheran church.

(unaltered acgsburo confessionJ

A short time after 1850, a number of persons living
in the northeastern part of the township, who at-
tended the services of the Lutheran church in Cleve-
land, took measures. to establish a place of worship at
home. Accordingly, on the 14th of October, 1854, a
small framed meeting house was consecrated for this
purpose, by pastor Schwan, of Cleveland. In this the
services of the newly organized body were regularly
held until July 6, 1879, when a very fine edifice,
erected on the opposite side of the street, took its
place. This house is thirty-eight by seventy-five feet,
and has a tower and steeple one hundred feet high.
The church has an exceedingly handsome appearance
and cost about six thousand dollars. The present
trustees are J. H. D reman, C. P. Scherler and Fred.
Ehlert. The church has fifty members who engage
in business meetings, and numbers two hundred and
twelve coraraunicants. The elders are J. H. Tonsing,
J. H. Meilaender and Fred. Borgeis.

466

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

The congregation has had the pastoral services of
' the following clergymen: Prom 1854 till 1859, Kev.
John Strieter; 1859 till 1877, Eev. Ch. Sallman; and
since December, 1877, Eev. Otto Kolbe. The first of
these pastors also taught the parish school, but since
1871 Augustus Schefft has been employed as a teacher.
The school is taught in the old meeting-house and is
attended by ninety pupils who receive instruction in
both the English and German languages. Eeligious
teaching forms part of the daily course, and the
school is maintained independent of any aid from the
State or county.

ST. Michael's church (eoman catholic.)

In 1853 a small but neat house of worship for Eo-
man Catholics was erected northwest of the center of
the township, which was used until the growing con-
gregation demanded a more capacious house. An
efEort was made to provide one better adapted for its
wants, and in 1870 the present edifice was begun, but
the work was slowly carried on. The building com-
mittee was composed of George Gable, Joseph Urmetz,
Peter Wild, Albert Dobler, Anthon Eckeufelt and
Joseph Effinger. In December, 1873, a storm caused
the walls of the unfinished building to fall; but the
following year they were again raised and the build-
ing began to be used in the summer of 1875. It was
consecrated December 5, 1875, by the Eight Eeverend
Father Gregory and Bishop Fitzgerald. The building
committee at this time consisted of Charles Mehling,
Fred. Bockhold, Frank Jermann and Jeremiah Hayes.
The church is thirty feet by seventy, is built of brick,
and cost eight thousand dollars. The present lay
trustees are Charles Mehling and Casper Funk. The
society has a cemetery at the old stone chapel.

The church has about one hundred and seventy-five
communicants who are under the spiritual tutelage of
Father Fidelius, of the Franciscan Convent at Cleve-
land. Among other clergymen who have served there
have been Fathers Bierbaurn, Zungbeel, Boden and
Eainerious, nearly all coming from the convent. The
church has had no resident priest. A school is main-
tained which has been taught by John Jermann and
Matilda Blessing.

CHAPTEE LXXVII.

MAYFIELD.

The First Settlers— Unexpected Visitors— Clearing Land— The First
Marriage— James Covert— Extraordinary Vigor- No Roads— Bears
fond of Veal and Porlc— A Lover of Cream Killed— Covert's Adven-
ture with a Bear— Other Settlers— First Church— Cowardly Wolves-
Formation of Mayfleld Township— First Officers- Notes from the
Town Book— Slaughter of Sixty-three Rattlesnakes— First Sawmill-
First Gristmill— Halsey Gates— Outbreak of Mormonism— Long-stand-
ing Debts— Frederick Willson— Ezra Eddy— Jeniah Jones— Dr. Dille—
New Hotels— Willson and McDowell's Mills— Rapid Improvement^Dr
Moon— Dr. Charles— First Church Edifice- Mayfield Academy— Plank
Koad— Post Ofaces— The Free Methodist Churches- Church of the
United Brethren— Disciiile Church— Principal Township Officers.

In the year 1805 Abner Johnson, Samuel Johnson
and David Smith came with their families from On-

tario county. New York, and made the first settlement
in the present township of Mayfield, then known as
survey-township number eight in range ten of the
Western Eeserve. They located themselves on the
west side of Chagrin river, a little above the site of
Willson's Mills, built their cabins, and began opera-
tions.

In the spring of 1806 the members of the little
settlement were agreeably surprised to see three of
their old neighbors in Ontario county, make their ap-
pearance, with packs on their backs, guns on their
shoulders, and dogs by their sides. The oldest of
these was Daniel S. Judd, a large, fleshy man, already
sixty-five years of age, who had fought in the old
French and Indian war forty-five years before, and
also in the Eevolution, and was likewise renowned as
a mighty hunter. With him were his two sons. Free-
man and Thomas Judd. The three had started for
Portage county, where they designed settling, but
having lost their way, they had accidentally come
upon their old neighbors whom tliey had not seen
during the previous year. They were so well pleased
with the fine bottom-lands on the Chagrin river that
they determined to look no farther, but immediately
began a settlement on the west side, a little above
where the Johnsons and Smith had located.

That summer all were busy chopping timber, burn-
ing off land, planting a little corn between the logs,
and performing numerous other duties incident to
the beginning of a settlement. The next fall or
winter the Judds went East, and obtained their fami-
lies and personal property. They had returned but a
short time when the first wedding was celebrated in
the township — in the last part of 1806 or the first
part of 1807 — the parties being John Howton and
Polly Judd, and the services being performed by
Esquire Turner, of Chagrin.

In the spring of 1807 James Covert, the son-in-law
of D. S. Judd, came into the township from Seneca
county. New York, and located himself in the Chagrin
valley, below the site of Willson's Mills, where he has
ever since resided. He was already twenty-six years
of age, and had a wife and child. As was the case
with most of the new settlers his worldly wealth was
very limited, consisting of three dollars in money, an
axe and a dog, After putting up a shanty, he went
on foot to Painesville, a city then consisting of three
or four log cabins, and bought a peck of poor salt for
a dollar, carrying it home on his back. With the re-
maining two dollars he bought two pigs. He also
purchased a two-year old heifer on credit from Judd,
and thus he began life in Mayfield. He is certainly
a remarkable example of what can be accomplished
by sheer industry and attention to business, though in
truth those qualities must needs be accompanied by
extraordinary vital powers to accomplish such results
as Mr. Covert has brought about.

When the writer visited him in the autumn of 1878,
he was, although ninety-seven years old, in the full
possession of all his mental powers and all his physi-

MAYFIELD.

467

cal senses except his hearing, and was at work attend-
ing to his stock. Always a farmer, he has made
himself the owner of over a thousand acres of land,
hesides large amounts of other property, has long
been noted as the richest man in the township, and
has in the meantime been the father of twenty-three
children, twenty-two of whom he raised to be men
and women. The writer has had a good deal of ex-
perience among industrious and vigorous old pioneers,
but Mr. Covert's is certainly the most remarkable ex-
ample of them all.

Two of the families mentioned at the beginning of
the chapter, those of Samuel Johnson and David
Smith, had left the township before Mr. Covert came,
and their place was taken by that of John Jackson.

The first birth in the township was that of a child
born in the latter part of 1807, to John and Polly
Howton, whose marriage has been mentioned above.
For several years there were few newcomers except
small strangers of this description. The scattered
settlers kept busily at work, and soon made consider-
able cleai-ings around their respective, cabins. They
were, however, vei-y much isolated. There were no
roads laid out in township eight, and for several years
its inhabitants had to work their road tax on the lake
shore road in the township of Chagrin, now Willough-
by in Lake county.

Fortunately the county was healthy; there being
very little even of fever and ague compared with what
is customary in new countries. But there were many
annoyances. Wlien the cows had calves in the woods
the bears would sometimes kill and eat them. They
were equally destructive to the hogs, but Mr. Covert
relates that when he was able to keep a large number
of the latter animals they would join together, fight
with the bears and drive them off. So impadent were
these ursine depredators that they would sometimes
come up to the very doors of the settlers' cabins in
search of food. One morning Mrs. Judd put her
cream in the churn, ready for churning, set it out on
a temporary porch and went about hei* work. On
going out after awhile she found the churn upset and
the cream all licked up. A number of bear's tracks
around the place disclosed the cause of the robbery.
Wlieu James Jackson, who was boarding at Judd's,
came in at night and learned of the affair he determ-
ined to watch for the marauder. Accordingly, after
dark, he placed a pail of sour milk on the porch and
took his stand, rifle in hand, in the house opposite an
open window that looked out on the "bait." After
everything was quiet and when the watcher was be-
ginning to get drowsy, he was suddenly aroused to
intense wakefulness by hearing something lapping at
the milk. Taking aim at the noise, for it was perfect-
ly dark,' he pulled the trigger. A light was brought
and a big, fat, short-legged bear was found dead be-
side the pail of milk, with a bullet lodged in his brain.

The wolves were still more obnoxious. After Mr.
Covert had been there a few years, he bought two old
sheep and two lambs in Chester, Geanga county, pay-

ing $^.50 per head for the four; brought them home
and turned them into his field. The next morning
he went out and found that the wolves had killed
both the lambs and were then making their breakfast
off from them. After that he yarded his sheep at
night and watched them a little by day, and soon
succeeded in raising a fine flock.

Mr. Covert, notwithstanding his assiduity as a
farmer, was also a good deal of a hunter, and so was
James Jackson, above referred to. One day the two
got in close pursuit of a large bear which Jackson had
wounded. The animal in going down a bank stum-
bled and fell into a hole, where he lay on his back
with his feet sticking up. Covert crept down to re-
connoitre, but got so near that the bear caught his
foot in his mouth and bit through boot, foot and all.
He hung on, too, and with his paws mutilated Co-
vert's leg terribly. The latter got hold of a sapling
and pulled both himself and his enemy out of the
hole, when the dogs attacked the bear. The latter
then let go his hold and the hunters soon dispatched
him. Mr. Covert was confined to the house for sev-
eral weeks by his wounds.

Among the settlers who came several years after
those already mentioned were P. K. Wilson, Benja-
min Wilson, Luke Covert, Benjamin Carpenter and
Solomon Moore. The early settlers were largely
Methodists, and as soon as 1809 they formed a class
of that denomination under the charge of the Eev.
Mr. Davidson, who is said to have been an eloquent
and successful preacher. For many years their meet-
ings were held in private houses and in the woods, as
there was not even- a log school-house for them to as-
semble in. The first death in the township was that
of Daniel S. Judd, the veteran of two great wars,
who died of apoplexy in 1810.

As has been said, the lack of roads was a great an-
noyance. Mr. Covert states that he has often taken
a bushel of corn on his back and gone to Chagrin
(now Willoughby) to mill, attended on his return
home by packs of howling wolves, not far away on
either side. But these animals rarely attacked a man,
even in the night. Once, however, Mr. Covert
thought he stood a good chance of becoming wolf
bait. He had been reaping for a man who lived sev-
eral miles down the river, in the present township of
Willoughby, and was returning home after dark.
Two miles from home, as he was following a sled
path, (carrying his shoes in his hand that he might
the better feel the path with his naked feet in the
Egyptian darkness), he was startled by an angry
growl, and saw the fierce eyes of three or four wolves
o-laring at him, not more than six feet away. It was
seldom that a wolf approached so near, and the young
man thought his time had come. He felt in the
darkness for a tree, which he might ascend, and in
doing so got hold of a couple of sticks. These he
threw with all his might at the heads of his enemies,
who shrank back, howling, into the forest. Reas-
sured by finding that they were as cowardly as the

468

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

rest of their species, lie pursued his way, aud reached
home in safety, although accompanied nearly all the
way, a short distance on one side, by his howlingfoes.

The war of 1813 stopped even what little progress
there was before that time, and it was not until 1816
that a school-house was erected in the township. It
was a log building, situated on the land formerly
owned by Anthony Sherman. It was used for some
years as school-house, church and town-ball. A few
more settlers came after the war, among whom was
Seth Mapes, who came in 1815 and remained until
1827, when he removed to Oi'ange. In 1819 a new
township was formed, by the name of Mayfield, the
first town meeting being held on the 14th day of
June, in that year. There were only twenty voters
present, and of these thirteen were elected to fill the
various offices.

The meeting organized by choosing Daniel S. Judd,
Daniel Richardson and Adam Overoker as judges of
election, and John Jackson as clerk. The following-
officers were elected: Trustees, Adam Overoker,
Seth Mapes, Daniel Smith; clerk, John Jackson;
overseers of the poor, James Covert, Philo Judd;
fence viewers, John Gloge, Michael Overocker; con-
stables, Ephraim Graves, Rufus Mapes; lister, Henry
Francisco; appraiser, Calvin Mapes; treasurer, Ben-
jamin Carpenter, Jr.; justice of the peace, Michael
Overoker. The following is also a part of the town-
ship record for that year, which was sent to the His-
torical Society some twenty years ago:

"Received of the township of Chagrin, Nov. 10th,
three dollars and eighty-eight cents, being our
proportion of the money in the treasury at the time
of division. Amount of tax levied in 1818, $76.00;
amount paid by Mayfield, 6.80; remaining in the
treasury of Chagrin at the time of division, 143.05;
proportion belonging to Mayfield, $3.88. Paid by
John Jackson, three dollars and eighty-eight cents to
the trustees of Mayfield, money drawn from the
treasury of Chagrin and expended between them and
the township clerk as a compensation for their ser-
vices during the year one thousand eight hundred
and nineteen."

The increase of population was still slow, though
two or three new men came in every year. The bears
and wolves slowly receded, but rattlesnakes in large
numbers infested the land, especially among the
rocks and hills. One of the most remarkable adven-
tures with snakes, of which we have ever heard, was
related to us by Dr. A. L. Dille, on the authority of
Mr. Solomon Mapes, a reliable citizen, who, about
1825, killed sixty-three rattlesnakes, the denizens of
a single hollow log. Having discovered what sort of
inhabitants were within, he armed himself with a
stout stick, gave the log a rousing rap, and then slew
the rattlers one after the other as they glided out of
the open end.

The first sawmill was built by Abner Johnson and
Seth Mapes in 1824, a little north of Mayfield Center.
The next year Mr. Johnson alone built the first grist-
mill in the township on a branch of the Chagrin
river, near the site of Willson's Mills.

In 1826 Mr. Halsey Gates came to the locality
which has since borne his name (Gates' Mills), bring-
ing with him the gearing of a sawmill and began
the work of erecting one at that point. The next
year the sawmill was completed, and the year follow-
ing a gristmill was erected by Mr. Gates at the same
place. Lyndon Jenks was another of the early set-
tlers in the southeast part of the township.

About 1828 there was an extraordinary outbreak of
Mormonism in this township. Mormon preachers,
priests and prophets seem to have made this a special
stamping-ground. Quite a number of the inhabi-
tants were converted to that faith, and some of them
appeared perfectly crazy in their enthusiasm. Sev-
eral families were broken up by the fanatical Mor-
monism of some of their members. Besides the resi-
dent converts, a good many Mormons seem to have
come in from the outside and "squatted" in the
western and central parts of the township, which
were as yet very thinly settled, so that there would
sometimes be several families living on a single farm.
After two or three years of excitement they all packed
up and moved away, about 1831, to join some larger
colony of their brethren.

Mr. Samuel Dean, who still resides at Gates' Mills,
came thither in 1829. Nearly all the lots had been
purchased on credit from the original owners. The
clearings were generally small aud the houses of log,
though there w^ere a few frames. Some claims had
been held on " articles " (or agreements to convey on
payment) twenty-five to thirty years; the articles
being renewed every few years. If the owner could
get the interest he thought he was doing well, and
sometimes he was unable to get enough to pay the
taxes. But after this pei'iod, and especially after the
Mormons left, a much more enterprising class came
in, bought up the old improvements, paid for their
lands in a reasonable time, and speedily changed the
appearance of the township.

For five years after 1830 emigration was quite
rapid. In that year a Frederick Wilson came into
the township and settled at what is now known as
Willson's Mills. Eltean Wait and Daniel McDowell
built the first store in the township (near Willson's
Mills) in 1830. In 1831 it passed into the hands of
Willson and McDowell, who kept it five or six years.

In 1831 Colonel Ezra Eddy settled in Mayfield and
put in operation a tanning and currying establish-
ment near Gates' Mills, which he carried on for many
years, becoming one of the most prominent citizens
of the township.

The first framed school-house in the township was
built at Mayfield Center in 1830. It took' the place
of the old log one before mentioned as school-house,
church and town-hall; elections being held in it down
to 1848.

In 1831 Jeniah Jones settled near the center. He
describes the hill part of Mayfield as being still almost
a wilderness. There was not a building on the State
road, and Mr. Jones, soon after this arrival, helped

x^;^^::s^;i;N-c^>^

COL. EZRA EDDY.

Col. Ezra Eddy was born in Randolph, Orange
Co., Vt., Aug. 17, 1805. He was the youngest in
the family of seven children of James and Sarah
(Newton) Eddy, none of whom are now living.
His father having died when Ezra was about ten
years of age, he was apprenticed to a Mr. Blodgett
to learn the tanner's trade.

He remained with him till 1826, when he went
to Lodi, Seneca Co., N. Y., where he followed his
trade for one year.

Oct. 18, 1827, he was married to Sally Ann,
daughter of Gideon Keyt, of Lodi, N. Y. She was
born Sept. 10, 1810. By this union he had seven
children, viz. : Edwin W., born June 9, 1832; died
Feb, 5, 1835. Sarah Jane, born May 23, 1836 ;
died May 28, 1836. William A., born in July, 1837.
Albert C, born Aug. 28, 1840 ; died Jan. 29, 1841.
Constantine, born July 11, 1842. Harriet M., born
Nov. 11, 1845. Sanford, born Oct. 12, 1848.

After his marriage he removed to Mayfield, Cuya-
hoga Co., where he engaged in the tannery business,
in which he continued till 1861, after which time
he engaged in farming till his death, which occurred
Aug. 3, 1870.

Col. Eddy was a well-known resident of the county,

and was conspicuous as one of the pioneers of May-
field township, where he raised a respectable family,
and by severe industry and strict economy left a
handsome competence.

Mr. Eddy was perhaps better known throughout
the county than almost any man outside of the city of
Cleveland as an independent farmer and intelligent
citizen.

In the olden time, when militia musters were an-
nual holidays, he was colonel of the regiment east
of the Cuyahoga River, which position he filled
with ability as long as the old military organizations
lasted. For six years he was a commissioner of the
county, and as such was respected for his ability,
integrity, and faithfulness.

As an honest and zealous politician he was always
present at the conventions of the old Whig party,
and later of the Republican party, in the county,
and was one of the men who gave character to those
organizations.

As a neighbor, a husband, and a father, his char-
acter and that of his family are sufficient testimony
of his value in all such relations of life. Long may
his beloved widow enjoy the esteem of her friends
and the affection of her children.

MAYFIELD.

469

to open that road from the center westward. Of
those who were on the hill before 1830, few if any
remain besides Rufus Mapes. Joseph Leuty came in
1830. Elijah Sorter, with his sons, Charles, Isaac
and Harry, came in December, 1831. S. Wheeling,
Lucas Lindsley and others also came in 1831, and set-
tled a mile and a half south of the center.

In 1833 Erwin Doolittle put in operation a carding
machine and cloth-dressing establishment a short dis-
tance north of Willson's Mills, on the same stream on
which Abner Johnson's mill was located.

The first physician in the township was Dr. A. L.
Dille, who came thither from Euclid in 1834, settled
at Willson's Mills, and has ever since resided there.
Down to 1834 the inhabitants had to go to Wil-
loughby for their mail-matter. In that year a mail
route was established from Chardon, Geauga county,
to Cleveland, through Gates' Mills, and a post office
was located at the latter place.

Willson & McDowell built a hotel .at Willson's
Mills in 1833, which they kept for several years, and
about the same time, perhaps a little earlier, Hiram
Falk opened one at Gates' Mills. In 1834 Halsey
Gates put up a fine framed hotel at Gates' Mills with
a ball-room in it, which was the center of many a
joyous gathering. About 1833 or '34 Willson & Mc-
Dowell built a flouring-mill and sawmill near the site
of their store and tavern. The mills were burned in
1839, but were soon rebuilt. General Willson remain-
ing a part or entire owner until they passed into the
hands of his son, who now owns them. Hence the
name of Willson's Mills has always been a strictly cor-
rect appellation.

By this time all the land in the township had been
purchased, and a large part of it cleared ofE. The
deer had given way before the axes and rifles of the
pioneers, though a few wei-e still to be seen bounding
through the remaining belts of forest. Only once
after Dr. Dille came, in 1834, did he hear the howling
of a wolf. Mayfield was rapidly changing from a
wilderness to a civilized township.

About 1849 Dr. T. M. Moon began practice at
Gates' Mills and Dr. Alexander Charles at Mayfield
Center. The latter remained at the center until the
outbreak of the Mexican war, when he received a
commission as a surgeon of volunteei's, went to Mex-
ico and died while on duty there.

The first church edifice in the township was built
by the Methodists in 1842, at Mayfield Center.

By 1850 the work of clearing up the township was
substantially accomplished, the deer had all fallen
before the rifles of their foes, or had followed the
wolves into banishment, framed houses had generally
taken the place of log ones, and Mayfield had as-
sumed very near the appaarance which it now pre-
sents.

In March, 1856, a few enterprising individuals pro-
cured a charter as the Mayfield Academy association,
and proceeded to erect an academy on the State road
in the southwest portion of the township. The insti-

tution was maintained for many years in a flourishing
condition.

Mayfield took her full share in the war for the
Union, and the names of her gallant sons who fought
in that contest will be found with the stories of their
respective regiments.

In 1877 a plank road was built from a point in Bast
Cleveland near the line of the city of Cleveland,
through Euclid and Mayfield to the top of the hill
half a mile oast of Gates' Mills; about three and a half
miles of it being in Mayfield.

There are now three post offices in the township at
the three villages before mentioned. Gates' Mills, Will-
son's Mills and Mayfield Center; the first of which
has about twenty houses and the others a smaller
number. Besides these there are at Gates' Mills a
gristmill, a sawmill, a rake factory, a store and two
churches; at Willson's Mills, a gristmill, a sawmill, a
church; at Mayfield Center, a church, a store, a town
hall and a steam sawmill. There are also two cheese
factories in the township; one on the State road, a
mile east of Gates' Mills, and one half way between
Gates' and Willson's Mills.

THE METHODIST CHUECHES.

The Mayfield circuit contains three churches, one
at Mayfield Center, one at Gates' Mills, and one on
the east line of the township. As has been said a
Methodist class was organized as early as 1809. Oc-
casional preaching was held in the township, but
owing to the sparsity of the inhabitants no great pro-
gress was made for many years. In 1835 there was a
very earnest revival and a church was fully organized.

Rev. Mr. Graham was one of the first preachers;
also Rev. Messrs. Excell and Mix. In 1843 the Meth-
odists built, as before stated, the first church edifice
in the township, at Mayfield Center. They have since
replaced this by a larger one, and in 1853 erected o\:e
at Gates' Mills. There are now about a hundred mem-
bers of the church at the Center, twenty-four of the
one at Gates' Mills, and thirty-five of the one on East
Hill. The following pastors have preached on this
circuit since 1861: B. J. Kennedy, 1863, '63 and '64;
E. C. Latimer, 1865 and '66; A. M. Brown, 1867; G.
J. Bliss, 1868; E. C. Latimer, Hiram Kellogg, 1870;
D. Rowland, 1871; J. B. Goodrich, 1873 and '73; D.
Meizener, 1874; J. K. ShafEer, 1875; James Shields,
1877 and '78.

CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHKEN.

This church was organized at Willson's Mills in
1870, and a neat framed edifice was erected the same
year. There are now about thirty members.

THE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

In 1871 the Disciples at and around Gates' Mills
purchased the school-house at that point and con-
verted it into a church-edifice, and have since used it
for that purpose. Their numbers are about the same
as those of the United Brethren.

470

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICEES.
[Unfortunately the township books previous to 1849 cannot be found-
We give a list of the principal ones from that time to the present, ex-
cept justices of the peace, which cannot be obtained from the township
records.]

1849. Trustees, Truman Gates, L. P. Shuart, Luther Battles; clerk,
Jeniah Jones; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, Welman Brainard.

1850. Trustees, Lyndon .lenks, T. Gates, Rufus Mapes; clerk, Jeniah
Jones; treasurer, Chas. N. Sorter: assessor, W. Brainard.

1851. Trustees, E. A. Johnson, H. S. Mapes, Osbeit Arnold; cleik, J.
Jones; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard.

1858. Trustees, Harmon Jacobs, Daniel Shepherd; clerk, W. ! rainard;
treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, E. D. Battles.

1863. Trustees, N. C. Sebins, Harry Sorter, David Hoege; clerk, W.
Brainard; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1854. Trustees, J. A. Dodd. H. Jacobs, J. Bennett; clerk, J. Jones;
treasurer, H. C. Eggleston.

1835. Tiustees, Leonard Straight, Luther Battles, H. S. Mapes; clerk,
Jeniah Jones; treasurer. Diamond Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1856. Trustees, C. N. Sorter, H. S. Mapes, Harmon Jacobs; clerk, L.
Straight; treasurer, D. Wakejnan; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1857. Trustees. C. Russell, Wm. Apthorp, J. B. Sorter; clerk, Leonard
Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1858. Trustees, Alva Hansoom, Luther Battles, J. Sherman; clerk
L. Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1859. Trustees, Alva Hansconi, L. Battles, J. Sherman; clerk, L.
Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1860. Trustees, A. H mscom, L. Battles, H. Sorter; clerk, L. Straight;
treasurer, C. N. Sorter.

1861. Trustees, H. S. Mapes, H. Webster, C. B. Russell; clerk, L.
Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, H. G. Eggleston.

186a. Trustees, Gordon Abbey, Nelson Wilson, A. Granger; clerk, L.
Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, H. C. Eggleston.

1863. Trustees, N. Wilson, L. Jenks, N. D. Seldon; clerk, L. Straight;
treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, A. Walworth.

1864. Trustees, E. D. Battles, H. Jacobs, Cornelius Hoege; clerk, L.
Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1865. Trustees, E. D. Battles, N. Wilson. John Aikens; clerk, J. A.
Cutler; treasurer. L. Straight; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1866. Trustees, E. D. Battles, N. Wilson, T. Gates; clerk, J. A. Cutler;
treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1867. Trustees. N. Wilson, 0. N. Sorter, T. Gates; clerk, Wm. Miner;
treasurer, Harry Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1868. Trustees, Ezra Eddy, John Aikens, Leonard Straight; clerk,
Tracy E. Smith; treasurer, Harry Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1869. Trustees, L. Straight, J. Aikens, E. D. Battles; clerk, T. E.
Smith; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates.

1870. Trustees, N. Wilson, Milo Rudd, George Covert; clerk, W. A.
Miner; treasurer, H. f-'orter; assessor, John Aikens.

1871. Trustees, H. Jacobs, John Law, W. Apthorp; clerk, Wilbur F.
Sorte ; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard.

1872. Trustees, L. Straight, Wm. Neville, Wm. A. Southwick; clerk,
W. F. Sorter; treasuier, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard.

1873. Trustees, Wm. A. Southwick, L. M. Gates, H. Sorter; clerk, W.
F. Sorter; treasurer. J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard,

IS74. Trustees, W. A. Southwick, L. M. Gatea, Wm. Neville; clerk, W.
F. Sorter; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard.

1876. Trustees, L. M. Gates, L. Straight Ira Hoffman; clerk, W. F.
Sorter; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard.

1876. Trustees, L. M. Gates, A. F. Williams, Ira Hoffman; clerk, W.
F. Sorter; treasurer, A. Straight; assessor, W. Brainard.

1877. Trastees, Ira Hoffman, A. F. Williams, A. A. Jerome; clerk
H. W. Russell; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard.

1878. Trustees, Harmon Jacobs, Ira Hoffman, A. A. Jerome; clerk
H. W. Russell; treasurer, L. M. Gates, Jr.; assessor, W. Brainard.

1879. Trustees, A. P. Aikens, A. A. Jerome, Henry Covert; clerk H.
W. Russell; treasurer, A. Granger; assessor, W. Brainard.

FREDERICK WILLSON.

This well-kuowii citizen of Majfield was bom in

the town of Phelps, Ontario county, New York, on

the 4th day of January, 1807. He was the son of

George and Esther Willson, the latter of whom is still

living with the subject of this sketch, at the age of

'ninety-two years. He resided in Phelps (most of the

time after childhood being spent in attending school or

working on his father's farm) until the year 1830. In

July of that year he came to Mayfield, where he

has ever since made his home.

The young pioneer located himself at the point now

known as Willson's Mills, and soon formed a partner-
ship with David McDowell in the mercantile and
farming business. Meeting with Fuccess in these oc-
cupations, the firm in 1833 built a gristmill and a
sawmill at the point Just named.

Meanwhile the subject of our sketch had taken an
active part in military affairs. Having served as pri-
vate, noii-commisioned officer, lieutenant and captain,
in a regiment of light artillery. New York militia,,
before leaving that State, he was, on the organization
of Mayfield as a separate company-district in 1833,
elected the first captain of the first company in that
township. On the outbreak of the celebrated "Toledo
war," when it was expected that active, and perhaps
dangerous, service would be necessary in maintaining
the rights of Ohio to that city and the surrounding
territory. Captain Willson with his lieutenant and
twelve men volunteered to take part in the contest.
In 1834 he was elected major of the first regiment of
infantry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio militia;
in 1835 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and in
1836 was chosen colonel. In 1838 Colonel Willson
was elected brigadier-general, which position he re-
signed about four years afterwards.

On the 6th day of September, 1836, Gen. Willson
was married to Miss Eliza Hauderson, of the adjoin-
ing town of Orange, a lady who has shared with him
the joys and sorrows of life down to the present time.
In 1837 Gen. AVillson dissolved partnership with
Mr. McDowell, taking the mill and farm as his share.
Milling and farming have been his occupations since
that time, and in both he has been extremely success-
ful; being now the owner of about nine hundred
acres of land. In April, 1840, his mills wore de-
stroyed by fire, but were rebuilt with characteristic
energy, being set running on the 7th of January, 1841.
In 1875 they were transferred to the general's eldest
son, Myron H. Willson, who still owns and operates
them.

Gen. Willson became a member of the Masonic
order fifty-one years since, before leaving the State of
New York. Ho has passed through all the degrees,
from that of entered apprentice to the Scottish rites,
and maintains a high standing among the brethren of
the order.

Though never a politician, yet in 1846 his neigh-
bors elected him to the office of justice of the peace
of Mayfield township, and re-elected him in 1849; the
whole length of his service being six years.

General and Mrs. Willson have raised a family of
nine children, five sons and four daughters. Two of
his sons enlisted early in the war for the Union, and
both gave their lives in its defense. George A. Will-
son enlisted in the First Infantry in the summer of
1861, at the age of nineteen, and was killed at the
battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 18G4. James P.
Willson also enlisted in Battery B, First Light Ar-
tillery, the same summer, at the age of seventeen,
and died in service in June, 1862, having been brought
home from Nashville three weeks before his decease.

'dlA^^

MIDDLEBURa.

471

CHAPTER LXXVIII.

MIDDLBBURG.

Its Proprietor— Jared Hickox the First Settler— His Death— The
Vaughns— Abram Fowls— The First Marriage— The War— A Fortress
in Columbiar— Phvsical Characteristics of the Township— Religious
Matters— Solomon Lovejoy— Township Organization— The First Rec-
ord—Road Districts- First Full List of Officers- John Baldwin— Heads
of Families in 1827— Circumstances Concerning Them— Counterfeiters
in the Swamp— Beginning of the Grindstone Business— Invention of
Machine to Make Grindstones— The First Tavern— First Temperance
Society- H. O. Sheldon and James Gilruth— The Community— The
Twelve Apostles— They Fail at Farming— Break-up of -the Community
—Origin of " Berea"— First Post Office- Berea Lyceum— Lyceum
Village— The Globe Factory— Wolves in 188&— The last Killed in 1843—
Deer— Turkeys and Wild Cats— Baldwin Institute— The Railroad-
Rapid Increase of Berea— An Ox-Railroad— Progress— The Onion
Business— The Stone Quarries in Operation— A Grindstone Factory—
Berea Stone Company— Baldwin Quarry Company- Russell & Forche
—Empire Stone Company — J . McDermott & Co.— Principal Township
Officers- Methodist Church — German Methodist Church— First Con-
gregational Church— St. Mary's Church— St. Thomas' Church— St.
Paul's Church— St. Adelbert's Church— Berea Lodge F. and A. M.—
Berea Chapter F. and A. M.— Other Societies— Berea Village Corpora
tion— Town Hall— Business Places, etc—Physicians— Street Railway
—Union School— Board of Education — First National Bank — Savings
and Loan Association.

On the division of the western part of the Western
Reserve in 1807, township number six in the fourteenth
range, now known as Middleburg, fell to the share of
Hon. Gideon Granger, then postmaster-general un-
der President Jefferson.

The first permanent white settler in the township
was Jared Hickox, grandfather of Mrs. Roxana Fowls,
who located in 1809 on what is now known as the
Hepburn place, on the Bagley road, about half way
between Berea village and the old turnpike. We say
the first permanent settler, for it is believed by some
that Abram Hickox, long a well-known resident of
Cleveland, moved into Middleburg in response to an
ofler of fifty acres of land to the first settler, made by
Mr. Granger, and giving his name to the pond known
as Lake Abram. According to the best information
we can obtain from old settlers, however, Mr. Jared
Hickox was the one who received the fifty acres, and
Mr. Abram Hickox never lived in Middleburg. He
was a relative of Jared Hickox, however, and the lat-
ter may have named " Lake Abram" after him.

The next year after making his settlement, Mr.
Jared Hickox, who had already passed middle age,
was returning from Cleveland to his home, when he
died suddenly and alone upon the road — probably of
heart disease. He left a large family, among whom
were his sons Nathaniel, Jared, Eri and Azel, and his
daughter, Rachel Ann, the mother of Mrs. Fowls,
before mentioned.

The next settlers were probably the Vaughns, who
located themselves about 1810 on the banks of Rocky
river, near where the village of Berea now stands.
There was an old gentleman and three adult sons,
Ephraim, Richard and Jonathan Vaughn. The lat-
ter located where Berea depot now is.

In the spring of 1811, Abram Fowls (father of
Lewis A. Fowls and Mrs. Roxana Fowls) came
through the woods on foot, with his younger brother
John, and selected him a home near where the Hickox
family was located. "Near," at this time, meant
anywhere within two or three miles. At all events

young Abram was near enough so that he soon made
the intimate acquaintance and gained the favor of
Miss Rachel Ann Hickox. Although he had arrived
in Middleburg with only two dollars and a half in his
pocket, he was ready to take the responsibilities of a
family on his shoulders, and the two were accordingly
married in 1812, this being the first wedding in thp
township. The young couple were quite justified in
their self-confidence, too, for before the death of
Abram Fowls, which occurred in 1850, the two dol-
lars and a half with which he had arrived in Middle-
burg had grown into a handsome fortune, including
five hundred acres of land and other property in pro-
portion, besides which Mr. and Mrs. Fowls had
reared a family of ten children. ^

Meanwhile Jonathan- Vaughn put up a sawmill on
Rocky river, near the site of the depot, and Ephraim
Vaughn erected a log gristmill farther up the stream
and near the village. Silas Becket and his son Elias
also settled in that vicinity. Those who have been
named, with their families, were nearly or quite all
the residents which township number six had before
the war of 1812.

That war came with most dapressing effect upon
the few residents of Middleburg, for down to the time
of Perry's victory on Lake Erie and Harrison's tri-
umph in Canada, the people were in almost daily
apprehension of an attack by Indians upon the almost
helpless settlers. Soon after Hull's surrender a block-
house was erected in Columbia (now in Lorain coun-
ty, but then in Cuyahoga), where there was a rather
larger population than in Middleburg, and whenever
there seemed to be especial danger, all the able-bodied
men were called out by Captain Hoadley, of Colum-
bia, to defend the little fortress, while the women and
children were offered a refuge in the same narrow
quarters. Mr. Fowls took his family there for a week,
but when he was called out a second time his wife re-
mained at home with only his young brother to pro-
tect her. All the otlier inhabitants in the township
went to Columbia. The young wife was sadly fright-
ened at times, but fortunately no Indians ai^peared.

It was during such times as these that the first
white child was born in the township of Middleburg
— Lucy, oldest daughter of Abram and Rachel Ann
Fowls, whose birth took place on the 32d day of
May, 1813. Lucy Fowls married Nathan Gardner,
and died in 1877.

After Perry's victory there was little more fear of
Indians, and in the forepart of 1815 the close of the war
left the pathway again open to emigration. Before,
however, we undertake to trace the subsequent course
of events we will glance at the natural characteristics
of township number six.

Like the other townships of the Reserve it was five
miles square. Entering it near the center of its
southern boundary was the east branch of Rocky
river, which followed a meandering course northward,
receiving the west branch, and passing out into town-
ship number seven (now Rockport). The river banks

THE TOWNSHIPS OP OtTYAHOGA COUNTY.

plainly showed good reasons for the name which had
been given to it; reasons which cropped out on either
side along its whole course through the townsliip.
Near the river the ground was generally broken, the
soil being formed of mingled clay and gravel, and
covered with the usual Ohio forest growth of beech,
maple, elm, oak, etc. But to the eastward the sur-
face soil was nearly level, somewhat wet, and com-
posed of a clayey loam; while northeast of the center
was a large swamp, densely occupied by hemlock,
birches, etc., into which the wolves and panthers re-
treated from the constantly increasing improvements
of man. Of the pond which very early received the
name of Lake Abram, we have spoken before. Its
waters found their way, though very slowly, into
Eocky river.

Though the strong, clay soil of Middleburg, when
drained and subdued, has proved as valuable as any in
the county, yet at an early day its general dampness
and stubbornness,, the presence of swamps, and the
consequent fear of ague, caused many emigrants to
press on to the more healthful hills of Strongsville or
the more manageable lands of Columbia. So that,
even after the close of the war in 1815, emigration to
Middleburg was still slow. One of the first families
to come, after the war, was that of Ephraim Meeker,
who settled at the outlet of Lake Abram. Another
was that of Thaddeus Lathrop, who came in 1816.
His daughter, now Mrs. Susan Tuttle, of Albion,
who was then nine years old, can recollect only the
Vaughns, the Powles, the Hickoxes and the Meckel's,
as being in the township when she went there, though
probably there were the Beckets and a few more. The
only road from Cleveland was a path designated by
marked trees.

Down to this time there had been no organized
church or public worship. About 1816, however, a
Methodist camp meeting near the Cujahoga river was
attended by some Middleburg people who returned
deeply impressed with the importance of religion.
They began holding neighborbood meetings, where
the attendants prayed, sang and exhorted among
themselves, and at which quite a number were con-
verted. Then Jacob Ward, a preacher from Bruns-
wick, came and formed a Methodist society; being the
first religious organization in the township. Q'Jie in-
terest increased, the society was embraced in a Meth-
odist circuit, and meetings were held every two weeks,
generally on week-days, besides pi'siyer-meetings, etc.,
on the Sabbath. But is was many years before there
was a resident minister and regular preaching on
Sunday.

Enoch G. Watrous and Silas Gardner, with their
families, settled in 1817 or '18, on the river, near the
Strongsville line. Paul Gardner came somewhat later.
Wheeler Wellman came in 1818, settling south of
Abram Powls'. The next year Mr. Wellman's father-
in-law, Solomon Lovejoy, located himself near where
his son's tavern now is. Among his children were
Edwin, then seventeen, and Ammy, then twelve, the

latter of whom now keeps the tavern referred to, and
both of whom reside there. They mention the fam-
ilies before referred to and there seem to have been
very few others in the township.

Notwithstanding the scarcity of inhabitants, how-
ever, there was a township organization formed as
early as 1830. Ephraim Vaughn had been a justice
of the peace for several years previous, having been
commissioned by the governor, and having presided
at the organization of Strongsville in 1818. The only
records of Middleburg are very defective; the first
one preserved is dated June 39, 1830. It is signed bj
Jared Hickox, township clerk, and notes the reception
in May, 1819, of a commission as justice of the peace
by William Vaughn, dated in Pebruary, 1819. It then
included not only townshij) six in range fourteen, but
also township six in range fifteen, now Olnistead.
Another record of the same date (June 33, 1830,)
states that Solomon S. Doty had duly qualified as
constable for the ensuing year, and had given the
necessary bail. In March, 1831, the trustees (names
unknown) divided the two survey-townships of which
the civil township of Middleburg was composed, into
two highway districts each. The present Middleburg
was divided so that all east of the highway "running
from Strongsville to Eockport," should form one dis-
trict, while that road and all west of it should compose
the other. The road running from Strongsville to
Eockport was evidently the main road running through
the present Berea, along the east side of Eocky river.
This road and the one which afterward became the
turnpike, were all the highways of any consequence
in the township, and these were just being cut out so
as to be passable.

In April, 1833, it was voted to divide the township
into school-districts; the record being signed by
Wheeler Wellman, clerk. The first full list of town-
ship ofiBcers which can be found is that of those
elected in April, 1833; viz: David Harrington, Abra-
ham Fowls and Eichard Vaughn, trustees; Wheeler
Wellman, township clerk; Jared Hickox and Ephraim
Powls, overseers of the poor; Eli Wellman and
Ephraim Powls, constables; Jared Hickox, lister;
Ephraim Vaughn, appraiser; Silas Gardner, treasurer;
Solomon Lovejoy, supervisor of first district; Whee-
ler Wellman, supervisor of second district; Abram
Powls, Owen Wellman and Silas Becket, fence viewers.

Prom 1830 to 1837 there was but little immigration,
but the number of adults was considerably increased
by the growing up of those who came as youths and
children, and there were plenty more children to take
their places. Immigrants were repelled principallyby
the wet soil, and the more pleasantly located settlers
in township number five said that if Middleburg was
not fastened on to Strongsville it would sink. Since
that time a wonderful change has come over the pros-
pects of this "sinking" township.

Meanwhile the main road from Cleveland through
the eastern part of the township was put in tolerable
condition and a line of stages had been put on it.

JOHN BALDWIN.

We present to our readers an excellent portrait of Mr. Bald-
win, a representative of the self-made American, and a
Christian whose life has been characterized by the. consecra-
tion of all its efforts to the service of God. He was born in
Branford, Conn., Oct. 13, 1799. His grandfather, who was
a deacon of the Presbyterian Church and of Puritan descent,
was a blacksmith, and worked at the anvil in New Haven,
making axes and hoes with the father of Lyman Beecher.
When the war of 1776 broke out he shouldered his gun and
in the service won the rank of captain, by which title he was
called to the day of his death.

John Baldwin's mother was the only daughter of Edward
Melay, of New Haven, who before the war of the Revolution
was a wealthy merchant, and gave to his daughter as good an
education as it was then believed daughters were capable of
receiving.

Young John's school privileges were of the humblest kind,
as neither geography, grammar, nor arithmetic were allowed
to be taught in his day. At an early age he began to take
care of himself, and thus learned to properly value the fruits
of industry. At the age of eighteen he became a member of
the Methodist Church. By his own unaided efforts he
gathered from books the rudiments of an education, attended
school later, and then engaged in teaching, first in Fishkill,
N. Y., afterwards in Maryland, and in Litchfield, Conn. After
five years so spent, he married in 1828. The next spring he-
moved to where Berea now is, and soon built the first frame
house in the place, assisted in the first Sabbath-school, opened
the first quarry, turned the first grindstone, laid out or helped
to lay out the first building lot, and built the first seminary.
At first his efforts were not successful financially, but the dis-
covery of the value of the rock underlying Berea gave to him
the means of retrieving his fallen fortunes. Consecrated edu-
cation became his battle-cry, and to this object he has devoted
himself for years.

Mr. Baldwin has been a devoted friend of female educa-
tion. He has always owed Yale College a grudge for not
giving his mother equal privileges with his uncles. His
theory is that fons and daughters should be trained side by
side to pursue the studies and labors that should fit them alike
for life's responsibilities, its usefulness, and its honors, and
when the Baldwin Institute (since University) was opened
it was eligible alike to sons and daughters. To this institu-
tion he has given property worth at present one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars. His devotion to the cause of educa-
tion has extended beyond his own village to embrace wider
fields and other races. His heart has become deeply interested
in the educational wants of the South, and, with his charac-

teristic generosity, he has become a liberal patron of the
Thomson Biblical Institute. His own letter to Dr. Newman,
of New Orleans, announcing what he has done, is character-
istic : " I have bought for twenty thousand dollars the Darby
plantation, of seventeen hundred acres (which has since been
increased to four thousand acres), in St. Mary's Parish, La.
There is a fine site of thirty or forty acres on the bank of the
river, containing some fifteen or twenty buildings, which the
brethren of the Mississippi Mission Conference can occupy
for religious education as soon as they choose, provided no
distinction is made on account of color or sex. When a cor-
porate body is organized by said Conference I will deed the
above-named site, and secure to said corporation enough
capital to make twenty thousand dollars' worth."

In personal appearance Mr. Baldwin is plain, in outward
adornment, and in earlier times it was to him a matter of
keen enjoyment to be mistaken for some unfortunate wan-
derer. As is usually the case with persons who give largely,
he has been the object of unsparing criticism and abuse, and
it would be easy to find those (themselves not to be persuaded
to give a dime to any good cause) who stand ready to charge
upon him meanness unlimited. He will survive all such attacks.
As a business man he is shrewd and far-seeing, judging wisely
when to buy and when to sell ; and, while perfectly honorable
in all his dealings, he must be shrewd indeed who gets any
great advantage of him. To the poor and needy he is a kind
and generous friend, one who bestows liberally to such cases
of necessity as come to his knowledge.

He is a great admirer of John Wesley. The sincere single-
mindedness, the lofty, patriarchal faith, the active, self-deny-
ing zeal in doing good, and the large-hearted benevolence
for which the founder of Methodism was distinguished, has
made a deep impression upon Mr. Baldwin's mind. Like
him, he cherishes a deep love of truth, despises glory and
fortune, or values them only as they are the means of doing
good.

He has resolved to make all he can by industry, to save all
he can by strict economy, and give all he can in justice to
himself and family. In accordance with this principle, he
lives under a solemn vow to devote his all to God. When
asked in what manner this is done, he replied, " By a resolu-
tion I formed, based on the Bible as explained by Mr.
Wesley, I determined to appropriate my entire income, aside
from the necessaries of life for myself and family, to the cause
of benevolence, a resolution which I have seen no reason to
change." This last expression gives us the result of his ex-
perience for fifteen or twenty years, in which light it becomes
a beautiful illustration of the power of faith and goodness.

MIDDLEBTJUG.

473

In 1837 Mr. John Baldwin, who has long been one
of the best known citizens of the township, made bis
first entrance into it. He pnrchased the old Vanghn
farm and in May, 1828, he took possession of it.
Mrs. Fowls mentions having seen him and his young
wife at that time, stepping briskly along, past her
father's residence; having come as far as they could
by stage on the main road, whence they were making
their way on foot to their new home, four or five
miles distant.

Mr. Baldwin has given the names of the heads of
families residing in the township when he came; viz:
Silas Gardner, Enoch G. Watrous, Benjamin Colby,
Silas Becket, Elias Becket, Ephraim Vaughn, Richard
Vaughn, Jonathan Vaughn, Eli Osborn, Zina Osborn,

Charles Green, Aruna Phelps, Ephraim Meeker,

Tracy, Nathan Gardner, Benjamin Tuttle, Abraham
Fowls, David Fowls, Ephraim Fowls, Daniel Fair-
child, Paul Gardner, Amos Gardner, Valentine Gard-
ner, Abijah Bagley, and himself, John Baldwin^
twenty-six, all told. Mr. Baldwin has estimated the
total population at a hundred, but there must have
been more than that, unless Middleburg families were
much smaller than pioneer families generally were.

The only roads he considers worth mentioning in
1827 were the one up and down the river and the one
from the corner of Columbia northeast to the old
bridge on the site of the iron bridge at Berea, and
thence easterly to the main road from Cleveland to
Strongsville. A company had just begun making a
turnpike of this last-named road. It was completed
the next year, and used as a turnpike over thirty
years. The other roads are described as being then
only mud-paths, pai-tly cleared of timber, in which a
sled or a mud-boat would get along better than a ve-
hicle on wheels.

Mr. Baldwin, in a manuscript on file in the records
of the Historical Society, has also mentioned various
circumstances connected with the residents before
"named. Benjamin Colby, besides cultivating his
farm, used to burn lime, which was found in small
amounts in various parts of the township. When
Mr. Baldwin built his house, four years later, he
exchanged apples for lime with Colby, bushel for
bushel. Silas and Elias Becket owned the farm (af-
terward sold to Baldwin) which covered most of the
quarries on the river. Aruna Phelps had a small
house and shop a little south of the site of the Berea
depot, where he made chairs and turned bed-posts.
Abram Fowls, as Mr. Baldwin says, ''made money
by attending to his business." Abijah Bagley occu-
pied the first fifty acres settled by old Jared Hickox,
as before mentioned. The Bagley road was named
from him. The Vaughns had been obliged to give
up their land, but had savfed their mills which they
were running in 1827. About this time Ephraim
Vaughn bought twenty acres covering the ground
where the main part of Berea village now stands.
This, too, was bought in 1836 by Mr. Baldwin.

Eli Osborn had recently put up a small fulling

mill on the river near the site of the railroad bridge.
He used to dress cloth, survey land, act as justice of
the peace, conduct religious meetings and sometimes
preach. Benjamin Tuttle had a small shop on Rocky
river, near the mouth of the creek at Berea, in which
he ground bark, tanned leather and made shoes. He
soon sold to Valentine Gardner, who canned On the
business successfully many years. Charles Green,
who came in about this time, took uji a small piece
of land, and also acted as pettifogger before the jus-
tices of the day; being in fact the first legal practi-
tionei', though in a very humble way, in Middleburg
township. Daniel Fairehild had a dish-factory on
the falls at Berea, and supplied all the people around
with wooden dishes.

The central, northern and northeastern parts of
the township were still mostly inhabited by bears,
wolves, wild cats, etc., their chief stronghold being
the swamp before mentioned. But there was a cer-
tain class of men who maintained a successful rivalry
with these animals in the occupancy of the swamp.
On a small island, or piece of firm ground, in the
midst of the morass (as mentioned in the general his-
tory) a band of counterfeiters had established a shop
and supplied it with tools, and there for many years
they manufactured large quantities of bogus silver,
commonly called Podunk m oney. They do not seem to
have been disturbed by the officers of the law, at least
for a long time, but they finally abandoned the loca-
tion, leaving their factory behind them, probably for
fear of discovery on account of the constantly increas-
ing number of inhabitants.

Even before Mr. Baldwin's arrival — probably soon
after Vaughn's log gristmill was built — his customers
from Middleburg, Strongsville, Brunswick, etc., ob-
served that the flat rocks about four inches thick,
which lay in the bottom of the river, had all the
qualities of first class grindstones. So they broke off
pieces, carried them home with their grists, trimmed
off the edges as best they could, punched a square
hole through the centre of each with an old chisel,
set up a rude frame and used them for grinding their
axes, scythes, etc. It took time to get the edges
smooth, but when that was done they had better
grindstones than those brought at great expense from
Nova Scotia.

Soon after Mr. Baldwin occupied the Vaughn place
in 1828, he began breaking up the rocks into suitable
sizes, trimming and perforating them with mallet and
chisel, and selling them in the neighboring townships.
The business increased, and in the winter of 1832 Mr.
Baldwin hired a couple of stone-cutters to cut grind-
stones at the halves, he furnishing their board and
the rough stone, and they contributing their labor.
In the spring Mr. Baldwin bought the workmen's
share, and soon after sold the whole to a trader from
Canada. He shipped them by way* of Cleveland;
this being the first Berea stone sent to either Cleve-
land or Canada.

Finding the business constantly increasing, Mr.

474

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Baldwin, the next year (1833), set his Yankee wits to
work to invent some easier method of cutting the
stone than that with mallet and chisel. Taking a
piece of whitewood scantling to a lathe in the
neighborhood, he shaped it to the right form for a
pattern, and then walked with it on his shoulder
one moonlight night to Cleveland, where he had a
"mandrel " cast according to the whitewood pattern.
This mandrel or shaft was taken back to Middleburg,
where it was fastened to the end of a water-wheel,
which was hung under a sawmill. A square hole was
made in an incipient grindstone with a chisel, the
stone was placed on the mandrel and fastened with a
key, and the wheel set in motion. The end of an iron
bar was then held against the edges and sides of the
stone, a storm of sparks and a cloud of dust flew
forth, and in a few moments a perfect grindstone was
turned out. This was the first grindstone ever turned
by machinery in this part of the country, and the
invention was Mr. Baldwin's own, though possibly
something of the kind may have been previously done
in distant regions. So far as we can learn, however,
this was the first instance anywhere in the world.

For several years only a moderate, though steadily
increasing, quantity of stones was turned out by the
new process, but their fame gradually widened, and
the foundation of a far larger business was laid. Of
the subsequent development of that business we will
speak farther on.

In 1833 the first tavern was opened in the township,
in the new framed house then built by Solomon Love-
Joy, on the turnpike — the same which his son now
employs for the like purpose.

Another event of this period was the formation of
the first temperance society in the township, and one
of the first in northern Oliio, in 1832 or 1833. The
use of whisky had previously been very prevalent in
that region, and it was by no means entirely stopped
thereafter, yet a temperance sentiment was then ini-
tiated in the community, which has since, in spite of
many adverse infiuences, done much to restrain the
curse of drunkenness.

Immigration was still slow, and the north part of the
township still remained a wolf-haunted wilderness.
Along and near the turnpike, however, there was con-
siderable settlement — by Messrs. Pomeroy, Smith,
Bassett, Pebles, the Fullers and others, who, with
those who had already located in that vicinity, gave
that part of the township quite a cultivated appear-
ance. Very few came to the west jjart of the town-
ship. Caleb Patterson who came to the vicinity of
Berea with his father, Jonathan Patterson, in 1831,
at the age of sixteen, describes the country as being
almost entirely a wilderness at that period, in which
the wolves howled nightly, close to the scattered farms
of the settlers.

Meaijwliile the great paper-money inflation of 1834,
1835 and 1836 caused what was called the "flush
times," when all sorts of speculative scliemes were
eagerly entered on by a sanguine public. Possibly

this general excitement had something to do with the
scheme about to be mentioned, though its salient
features were religious and social rather than financial.
In the autumn of 1836 Eev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a
Methodist minister, and Mr. James Gilruth, came to
reside in Middleburg on Eocky river. Mr. Sheldon
was the first resident minister in the township. Al-
though water power along the river had been utilized
to a considerable extent, there was still notliing like
a village there; there was no store and no physician
in the township, and no hotel except the Lovejoy
place over on the tunipike.

Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth were the principal
agents in establishing a "community" on Eocky
river near the site of the depot, the members of
which intended to hold their property and transact all
their business in common. About twenty families
moved in that year (1836), and over a thousand acres
of land were purchased of the Grangei-s. By the
death of Hon. Gideon Granger, the ownership of the
unsold lands of Middleburg had passed to Francis
Granger, the celebrated New York politician (post-
master-general under President Harrison), and the
other heirs of the deceased. Some houses were
bought, others were built, and the "community"
speedily began its career; somewhat to the astonish-
ment of the staid citizens of Middleburg. Only three
resident families joined the association. Although
the property of the society was owned in common,
yet the residences and families of the members were
entirely separate. Their business was directed by a
board of twelve, known as the Apostles. They bought
and repaired a sawmill and gristmill, put in crops the
following spring, and for a brief time it seemed to
some as if a new era had begun in modern civilization.
The "community" was the more favorably regarded
by the people at large as the members manifested
none of the scepticism often manifested by social
reformers. On the contrary they were zealous in the
observance of their religious duties, and for the first
time in Middleburg there was regular preaching
every Sabbath.

Nevertheless, the experiment was a very brief one.
When it came to the active operations of 1837, it was
found that farming under the direction of twelve
apostles would not do at all. Difficulties occurred
incessantly, much bitterness of feeling was manifested,
and in the course of a few months the whole scheme
was given up. Most of the families concerned in the
experiment moved away, and the "community," which
waste inaugurate a new era of Christian co-operation,
passed out of existence, leaving scarcely a trace
behind.

During this season Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth
procured the establishment of a new post office. The
former wanted it called Berea; the latter Tabor. So
they threw up a half-dollar, (heads, Berea; tails,
Tabor), and as Mr. Sheldon won, the first post office
in the township received the name of Berea, which
has since been extended not only to a thriving village

MIDDLEBURG.

475

but to the "Berea stone," the fame of which has
spread over half the continent. Mr. Sheldon was the
first postmaster.

After the failure of the "community," Messrs.
Sheldon and Gilruth remained and established a high
school, which they called "Berea Lyceum." In con-
nection therewith a village was laid out which was
originally called "Lyceum Village." It retained that
name, at least on the plats (one of which is now in
possession of Mr. Patterson) as late as 1841. There
was a Lyceum Village stock company, in the name
of which the enterprise was carried on, and which
gave deeds of the lots. As, however, the post
ofBoe was named Berea, which was a much more con-
venient designation than Lyceum Village, the former
appellation gained ground on the latter, and was gen-
erally adopted by the people of the township as the
name of the village. Alfred Holbrook was invited
by Mr. Sheldon to take charge of the lyceum, and
conducted it several years. It went down, however,
before 1845.

A somewhat peculiar institution — to be established
almost in the woods — was the "globe-factory" of Josiah
Holbrook. In it was manufactured all kinds of
school apparatus, such as globes, cubes, cabinets for
specimens, etc. Mr. Holbrook built up a large busi-
ness, and at one time employed ten or twelve men.
The factory remained until 1853.

Turning to other quarters, we find that while
"communities," lyceums, etc., attracted attention on
the banks of Eocky river, there was still a flourishing
community of wild cats, and a nightly lyceum of
wolves, in the northern part of the township. As
late as 1838, Mrs. Fowls mentions being awakened
by the awful bleating of a pet calf only a short dis-
tance from the house. Her father Avent out and fired
his gun, when the bleating ceased. A lantern being
lighted, the calf was found badly mangled by wolves,
which had audaciously ventured into the immediate
vicinity of a house in search of prey.

It was about the same time that the last bear was
killed in the township, according to Mr. S. A. Fowls,
the slayer being a man named Doty, who lived on the
turnpike. Wolves were occasionally seen still later,
and m 1842 three large timber-wolves came into the
Middleburg swamp from the west. They remained
there and in the adjoining woods a year and a half,
defying all attempts to destroy them, and killing
many sheep for the neighboring farmers. At length,
*- in 1843, young Lewis Fowls and Jerome Raymond
undertook in earnest the Job of capturing them.
The State and county together were then giving ten
dollars for each wolf-scalp. The farmers also sub-
scribed some twenty dollars more to encourage the
destruction of these particular enemies. Fowls and
Raymond penetrated into the accustomed haunts of
the marauders, baited steel traps with tempting mor-
sels of sheep and cow, and after various attempts, suc-
ceeding in catching all three of them alive. They
were promptly despatched, to the great joy of the

neighborhood. These were the last wolves in the
township, so far as known.

Deer, however, were frequently seen until after the
railroad was built, when they speedily disappeared.
Wild turkies were also numerous and of great size.
Young Fowls killed eighteen in one winter, weighing
from fifteen to twenty pounds each. Wild cats were
also numei'ous and "ugly," but the last one was
killed in a small swamp on the Bagley road, about
1845 or a little later.

Meanwhile, notwithstanding the various enterprises
which have already been mentioned, from lyceums to
grindstone factories there were but twelve families in
Berea in 1845, and half of these, as Mr. Baldwin says,
were talking about moving away. Dr. Henry Parker
also says that there were then but about a dozen
houses in the village. The village store was then
owned by Mr. Case. HolbrooJc's school apparatus fac-
tory was in operation, and two small woolen factories
had also been established; one by James and Augustus
Northrop and one by John Baldwin. At this time,
the Berea lyceum having gone down, Mr. Baldwin
who had been fortunate in his business operations,
determined to establish, if possible, the cause of high
and thorough education at Berea on a solid basis.

There was then an institution under the auspices
of the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist
Church, at Norwalk, Huron county, which was
painfully maintaining a feeble existence. Mr. Bald-
win, as early as September, 1849, proposed that
that establishment, at least so far as the patron-
age of the church was concerned, should be trans-
ferred to Berea, and offered to give fifty acres of land,
including most of the grindstone quarries and an
abundant water-power, for the support of the insti-
tution. The offer was accepted, and a brick build-
ing, thirty-six feet by seventy-two, was erected on
the west, or rather southwest side of the river, during
the summer of 1845. In June of that year Mr.
Baldwin made a further gift of fifty lots, of a quarter
acre each, with the requisite streets and alleys, for
the benefit of the institution. A charter was ob-
tained in December, 1845, the school being called the
Baldwin Institute. It was opened on the 9th of
April, 1846, with the Reverend H. Dwight, A. M.,
as principal, and having just a hundred students,
sixty-one males and thirty-nine females.

The school soon became a decided success, and peo-
ple began to settle in Berea, in order to obtain the
advantages of it. The change was not very great,
however, for several years more. The surface devoted
to farming was steadily but slowly increased, as peo-
ple began to learn that there was a good basis to the
.damp-looking soil of Middleburg, and that when
properly treated it could be relied on to produce good
crops. It was not until 1848, nearly forty years after
the first settlement of the township, that a physician
deemed it worth while to locate there. This was Dr.
Alexander McBride, who began a pi-actice at Berea

476

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CFYAHOGA COUNTY,

in the year named and remained until his death, in
1876.

At length, in 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati Eailroad (which now has another city at-
tached to its top-heavy title) was built through the
township. After this there was a marked improve-
ment, both in Berea village and the rest of Middle-
burg. Even the deer took warniug from the shriek
of the locomotive and tlie too numcious rifles of the
settlers, and abandoned the ground they had so long
maintained. Mr. L. A. Fowls, whose skill as a
hunter causes him to be frequently mentioned in our
sketch, says that he killed five deer the year after the
construction of the railroad, which were the last that
were heard of in the township.

Since 1849 the increase of Berea has been rapid and
permanent, and the township outside has also greatly
improved. Soon after that time Mr. Baldwin built a
railroad, on which to freight stone from his quarry,
running along the main road from Berea to the rail-
road about a mile distant, using the old-fashioned
flat rail, over which he hauled cars loaded with stone
by means of ox-teams. As business increased, and
the track became crowded with cars, " pony'' engines
were employed in place of oxen. Mr. Baldwin main-
tained the road about ten years, when the railroad
company built a new track, nearer the river, on which
steam alone is used.

Meanwhile the Berea grindstones had been intro-
duced into New York City, and had been found equal
or superior to those previously imported at great ex-
pense. Meanwhile, too, Berea stone had begun to be
largely employed for building purposes. As early as
1846 David E. Stearns had begun running a saw with
which the huge blocks of stone could be cut into
slabs of convenient size for use in architecture. The
building stone business, like the grindstone business,
increased immensely, and now Berea stone is used in
enormous quantities in nearly all parts .of the United
States, not only for solid walls, but for cornices,
mouldings and similar architectural purposes. Some
of the facts regarding this important business are
given farther on. The situation and extent of the
great mass of rock, of which tlie Berea stone is an
outci'op, as well as the constituents of which it is
formed, are shown in the chapter of the general his-
tory devoted to geology.

By the side of these material interests, the higher
mental and moral welfare of the community was not
neglected. In 1855 Baldwin Institute was transferred
into Baldwin University, of which a full account is
given on page two hundred and two in the general
history of the county. At a later day the German
Wallace College was establislied, which is described
in the same cJiapter as the university. The temper-
ance sentiment, which, as before stated, had been
awakened as early as 1832, continued to increase, and
even the presence of a large number of miners, work-
ing in the quarries, has failed to overcome it. A
clause has been put in most of the original deeds of

lots in Berea, forbidding the sale of intoxicating
liquors upon them, and very few if any places for the
sale of such liquors have ever been allowed in the vil-
lage. Undoubtedly considerable liquor has been sold
and drank in underhanded ways, but it is believed
that Berea will compare favorably in this respect with
any other village of its size in the State.

In the township at large the signs of material im-
provement were everywhere seen. The log houses of
the pioneers, many of which remained to a later date
than in any other township in the county, gave place
to neat framed buildings; the wet lands were drained,
and ample crops rewarded the enterprise of the farmers.

When the life of the nation was assailed the sons of
Middleburg showed that material prosperity had not
demoralized their courage nor benumbed their vigor.
The names of the Middleburg soldiers will be found
with the sketches of the regiments in which they served.

Since the war the progress of the township has been
equally marked, although of course the financial crisis
of 1873 seriously decreased the demand for Berea
stone. A peculiar industry of the last few years has
been the raising of onions and other vegetables in the
vicinity of Lake Abram. The "muck," of which
the shores of that lake are composed, was found to be
especially adapted to this kind of culture, and large
tracts were thus employed. In 1876 the outlet was
enlarged and a portion of the lake was drained, the
ground thus obtained having since been devoted prin-
cipally to the culture of onions. Immense quantities
are raised; being shipped to Cleveland and numerous
other cities of Ohio, and to the principal places along
the lower Mississippi, including many large shipments
to New Orleans. Of the " Eed AYethersfield " onions
eight hundred bushels per acre are sometimes produced.

Before giving the separate" sketches of churches,
etc., with which our township histories usually close,
we turn once more to the quarries and stone mills at
Berea. Notwithstanding the financial depression of
the last few years (frorn which, however, this indus-
try, with others, is already recovering) there are few
more lively scenes to be observed than that which en-
livens \Aie banks of Rocky river. Hundreds of laborers
aie at work, removing the earth and shale from above
the sandstone, "trenching," or cutting a face against
which to work, and "capping," which is channeling
into the rock with picks. When the stone is thus
cut into blocks weighing from one ton upwards, these
are seized by mighty steam derricks, which lift their
spectral arms amid the muddy desolation around, and
are swung gently to a stone-mill or to a truck on one
of the little railroads which wind in and out beside the
river. Blocks of near a thousand tons have been
moved a short distance by wedges.

In the mill the block is placed on a frame when it
is sliced up by a gang of saws very much as a big
pine log is managed in a sawmill, though somewhat
more slowly. But the "saws" are not like any
others — being merely straight, thin pieces of steel,
without teeth which work their way through the

The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this
sketch is descended from one of the old New England families.
His grandfather, Benjamin, was a resident of Connecticut;
was horn May 25, 1755, and was married June 27, 1778, his
wife having heen born Sept. 9, 1755. They lived to a good
old age, the former dying Feb. 22, 1823, the latter April 19,
1841.

Henry Parker's father, Henry, was born at Wallingford,
Conn., June 4, 1792, where he remained till 1815, when he
emigrated West and settled in the town of Brunswick, Medina
Co., Ohio. During the trip from Connecticut, which was
accomplished by teams across the country, hebecame acquainted
with his future wife, Miss Melinda Harvey, and on March 16
of the following year they were married, being the first white
couple to wed in the town of Brunswick. She was born in
Tyringham, Mass., April 9, 1796. Their family consisted of
four children, the subject of our sketch being the youngest
child and only son. He was born in Brunswick, April 28,
1824. His father, who was engaged in agricultural pursuits,
died when Henry was only two years old. Some years after
his mother was married to Abraham Conyne, of Strongs-
ville, Cuyahoga Co., a miller by trade, and removed her
family to that point in 1830.

Dr. Parker's early life was passed in assisting his stepfather
in his grist- and saw-mill, and he had therefore a poor oppor-
tunity of receiving an education, which was limited to what
could be procured at the common schools in the district. He
remained in Strongsvillo till 1844, when he journeyed West
and located at Laporte, Ind., where he followed the trade of
painting. He remained there till the following year, when he
removed to Berea, Ohio, and was employed in a woolen-mill at
seven dollars and board per month. In 1846 he commenced
the study of medicine, and was graduated from the American
Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. He has always
practiced at Berea, but his business has extended into the five
adjoining towns. He has been since 1871 a member of the
Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, and is the present

president of that organization. In 1872 he became a member
of the National Eclectic Association.

He was married, Nov. 23, 1847, to Elizabeth, daughter of
Sullivan and Aurilla Sherwood, of Eoyalston, Cuyahoga Co.
Her parents were among the early settlers of that town, her
father having driven the first ox-team into the township,
where she was born Aug. IS, 1824. By this union he had
four children, one of whom died in infancy ; the others are as
follows : Henry E.; born Nov. 20, 1851, married, and a partner
with his father in the practice of medicine; James M., born
Oct. 13, 1853, at Attica, Seneca Co., Ohio; and Charles W.,
born Aug. 26, 1860, secretary and treasurer of the Berea
Savings Loan Association, of which institution Dr. Parker
was one of the original founders and incorporators, and of
which he has been the president since its organization. A
Republican in politics. Dr. Parker was formerly a Pree-Soiler,
and between 1840 and 1843 was instrumental in helping many
a runaway to Canada. He has never been an aspirant for
political honors, but has represented his fellow-citizens at
different times in the various village and township ofilces,
and has performed his duties with satisfaction to his constitu-
ency. During the year 1862, while the war of the Eebellion
was in progress, he was appointed by Dr. J. S. Newberry, of
Cleveland (who was general manager of the Western Sanitary
Commission), and received a commission from Edwin M.
Stanton, secretary of war, and Surg.-Gen. Hammond to
perform the duties of camp and hospital inspector. In this
capacity he served two years and a half, giving satisfaction
to the general government and his fellow-soldiers. While in
the service he was located in Western Virginia ; was with
the army of the Cumberland, and with the 14th Army Corps,
under Gen. Sherman. Dr. Parker, in allowing his portrait
and biography to appear in this work, is simply showing to
coming generations an example of what industry, energy,
and perseverance can accomplish. He is emphatically a self-
made man, and in his varied career as a citizen, neighbor, or
physician merits the respect and honor of all.

MIDDLEBTJRG.

477

stone by friction; their progress being facilitated by
a plentiful application of water.

But it is in the grindstone factories that a stranger
sees the most interesting processes carried on. The
method of operation has not been materially changed
in principle since John Baldwin fastened his iron
shaft to the old water-wheel forty-seven years ago,
keyed a rough grindstone to the shaft, and then held a
bar against its sides and edge; but the process has been
much facilitated by practice. The mills are operated
by steam, and the shafts whirl with lightning like
rapidity. A stone is placed upon one of them, and
in an instant is flying around at the rate of several
hundred revolutions per minute. Two sturdy men
stand beside it, with heavy iron bars, which they ap-
ply to the revolving stone. Crash — crash — crash — a
blaze shoots from every one of a thousand angles —
the dust rolls out in clouds, but is quickly borne away
by the patent "blower" which is one of the principal
improvements lately adopted — crash — crash — the
sparks grow finer as the stone becomes smoother — and
at the end of from two to five minutes, according to
size, the stone is flung from the shaft, finished.

The blower in question was invented by John
Baldwin, Jr., and has been of the greatest benefit to
the laborers. Formerly many died of what was
called " grindstone consumption;" their lungs being
found, after death, to be filled with the fine, flour-
like dust, with which the air was impregnated during
the turning process. The disease has now disap-
peared.

We give below a list of the principal companies
and firms engaged in the stone business at Berea,
with some facts regarding them:

THE BEREA STONE COMPANT.

In February, 1871, the interests of Lyman Baker
& Co., F. M. Stearns, W. R. Wood & Co., Geoige W.
Whitney and C. W. Stearns were consolidated, and
the persons named organized a joint-stock company
to be known as the Berea Stone Company, with a cap-
ital of 1500,000. Lyman Baker was chosen president
and F. M. Stearns, vice president, secretary and trea-
surer. F. M. Stearns is now the president and Lyman
Baker the secretary and treasurer, and they, with
Robert Wallace, George Nokes and C. W. Stearns,
form, the board of directors. The company's quarries
cover about forty acres, and give employment to one
hundred men. Its productions include building-stone,
grindstones scythe-stones, etc., etc, Tlie building
stone is marketed from the Atlantic to the Missis-
sippi, and even west of that stream. The grind-
stones have a still wider market; three thousand tons
of which are manufactured yearly, and shipped to all
parts of the world.

THE BALDW^ISr QUARRY COMPANY.

This company was chartered in 1873, with a capital
of $160,000. Its quarries occupy about ten acres,
yielding building-stone, flagging, curbing, grind-

stones, etc., and employing from forty to sixty men.
John Baldwin, Jr., is the president, and J. Le Duke,
secretary and treasurer, as they have been since the
organization of the company. They, with James
Dunn and J. B. Kramer, compose the board of di-
rectors.

Russell & Foeche succeeded in 1878 to the Dia-
mond Quarry Company. They now work about four
acres of quarries and employ fifteen men. They get
out nothing but building-stone and flagging. Their
quarries are claimed to have produced thirty thou-
sand tons of stone in 1878.

The Empire Stone Company, represented by the
firm of Stearns & Wallace, began business in 1874.
It has three acres of quarries and employs ten men.
It ships about three hundred tons of grindstones
yearly, and from forty to one hundred tons of build-
ing-stone daily.

J. McDermott & Co., whose operations at Berea
date from 1853, became a chartered corporation in
1873, with a capital of $250,000. They employ one
hundred and fifty men, their quarries cover from
thirty to forty acres, and they ship daily four hun-
dred tons of building-stone, grindstones, etc. They
forward large quantities of building-stone to Canada,
while their grindstones are sent to Europe, Australia
and other foreign regions. The oflicers of the cor-
poration are Wm. McDermott, president; E. C.
Pope, secretary and treasurer; M. McDermott is the
superintendent.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS,

so FAB AS THBT OAK BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS.

1819. Justice of the peace, Ephraim Vaughn; township clerk, Jared
Hiokox.

1822. Trustee, Amos Briggs; justice of the peace, Jared Hickox; ap-
praiser, Hosea Bradford.

1823. Trustees, David Harrington, Abraham Fowls, Richard Vaughn;
clerk, WTieeler Wellman; overseers of the poor, Jared Hickox, Ephraim
Fowls; lister, Jared Hickox; appraiser, Ephraim Vaughn; treasuser,
Silas Gardner.

1834. Trustees, D. Harrington, E. Vaughn, Thaddeus Ball; overseers
of the poor, Benj. Colby, Silas Gardner; lister, J. Vaughn; appraiser,
E. Fowls ; treasurer, A. Fowls.

1835. Ti-ustees, Buel Peck, Silas Becket, Ellas C. Frost; clerk, John
Barnum ; overseers of the poor, Elliot Smith, A. Fowls ; lister and ap_
praiser, J. Vaughn; treasurer, Isaac Frost.

1826. Trustees, E. C. Frost, B. Peck, S. Becket; clerk, J. Barnum;
overseers of the poor, Watrous Usher, Wheeler Wellman; treasurer,
Isaac Frost; lister, Lewis Adams; appraiser, John Adams.

ISB?. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn. Valentine Gardner; clerk, Benj.
Tuttle; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, S. Becket; treasurer, Amos
Gardner; justice of the peace, Eli Osborn.

1828. Trustees, E. Fowls, S. Gardner, B. Vaughn; clerk, Eli Osborn;
overseers of the poor Philo Fowls, Paul Gardner; treasurer, A. Gardner

1839. Trustees, V. Gardner, Benj. Colby, Sheldon Frary; overseers of
the poor, S. Gardner, A. Fowls; treasurer, A. Gardner.

1830. Trustees, Solomon Lovejoy, A. Fowls, S. Becket; clerk, John
Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Lovejoy, S. Becket.

1831. Trustees, E. Fowls, E. Vaughn, Patrick Humaston; clerk, Mcr-
ritt Osborn; overseers of the poor, John Baldwin, Abijah Bagley ; treas-
urer, S. Gardner.

1832. Trustees, Major Bassett, Merritt Osborn, A. V. Green; clerk, P.
Humaston; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Becket; treasurer, Philo

Fowls.

1833. Trustees, S. Lovejoy, E. Fowls, B. Colby; clerk, A. Gardner;
overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P. Gardner.

1834. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn, Chas. Green; clerk, Russell
Gardner; overseers of the poor, D. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P.
Gardner.

1835. Trustees, A. Fowls, Clark Qoss, Libbeus ;Pomeroy ; clerk, J
Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, P. Gardner; treasurer, V.
Gardner.

478

THE TOWjSTSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1836. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, J. Baldwin; clerk, J. Baldwin;
overseers of the poor, P. Gardner, S. Gardner; treasurer, V. Gardner;
justices, Benj. Colby, Jere. Fuller.

1837. Trustees, C. Goss, Enoch G. Watrous, Major Basselt; clerk,
Chas. Bassett; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner. P. Gardner; school
examiners, J. Baldwin, J. Fuller, Henry O. Sheldon; justice, Henry E.
Ferris.

1&38. Ti-ustees, A. Fowls, Moses Cousins, L. Pomeroy; clerk, J. Ful-
ler; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, E. G. Watrous.

1839. Trustees, A. Fowls, M. Cousins, L. Pomeroy; clerk, C. Goss;
overseers of the poor, M. Cousins. C. Goss,

1840. Trustees, M Cousins, Amasa B. Andrew^s, Jerome Raymond;
clerk, George R. Whitney ; overseers of the poor, David Smith, Silas
Becket; treasurer, Isaac Meacham.

1841. Trustees, M. Cousins, Justus Sheldon, Nelson Pomeroy; clerk,
Philemon Barter; overseers of the poor, J. Sheldon, S. Gardner; treas-
urer, L. Pomeroy; justice, P. Barber.

1843. Trustees, J. Sheldon, N. Pomeroy, John W. Fairchild; clerk
P. Barber; overseers of the poor, E. G. Watrous, Jerome Raymond;
treasurer, G. R. Whitney; assessor, Wm. Sheldon.

1848. Trustees, M. Cousins, J. Sheldon, M. Bassett; clerk, P. Barber;
overseers of the poor, W. Sheldon, J. Fuller; treasurer, G. E. Whitney;
assessor, Daniel Fairchild. *

1844. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, N. Pomeroy; clerk, Morris Hep-
burn: overseers of the poor, J. Baldwin, S. Gardner; treasurer, David
Goss; assessor, W. Sheldon.

1845. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawson Brown, David Smith; clerk, J,
McB. Lewis; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon; treasurer, D.
Goss.

1846. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon. E. C. Coltier; clerk, S. H. Wool-
sey; treasurer, J. Fuller; assessor, Bl. Hepburn.

1847. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon. E. C. Coltier; clerk and assessor,
M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller.

1848. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon, J. Fuller; clerk and assessor,
M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller.

1849. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawrence Freeman, David Gardner;
clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller.

IfSO. Tru.ftees, M, Cousins, D. Gardner, Lewis A. Fowls; clerkandas-
sessor, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, J. Fuller.

1851. Trustees, M. Cousins, D. Gardner, L. A. Fowls ; clerk and asses-
sor, M. Hi'pburn; treasurer, J. Fuller.

1858. Trustees, M. Cousins, D, Gardner, L, A. Fowls; clerk and as-
sessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fullei'.

1853. Trustees, D. Gardner, J. Sheldon, A. Lovejoy; clerk and asses-
sor, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, J. Fuller,

1*54, Trustees, J, Sheldon, A, Lovejoy, James Wallace; clerk, M.
Hepburn ; treasurer, Jonathan Pickard ; assessor, L, A, Fowls.

1855. Trustees, J, Sheldon, A, Lovejoy, David Gardner; clerk, Har-
mon P. Hepburn ; treasurer, J, Pickard ; assessor, E. F. Chester.

1856. Trustees, G. R. Whitney, C, C. Bennett, Solon W. Smith; clerk,
John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Adna Warner.

1857. Trustees, G. R, Whitney, C, C, Bennett, S. W, Smith; clerk,
John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Levi B, Warner,

1858. Trustees, S, W. Smith, Wm, Sutton, EH Dunsher; clerk, J,
Watson; treasurer, S Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner,

1859. Trustees, S. W. Smith, W. Sutton, Jas, S. Smedley; treasurer,
S. Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner,

18011. Trustees, S. W. Smith, Wm. Sutton, Wm. Newton; clerk, Geo.
S, Clapp; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner,

1861, Trustees, S. W, Smith, W, Sutton, J. S. Smedley; clerk, Wm. B.
Rogers; treasurer, Robt. Wallace; assessor, L. B, Warner,

1862. Trustees, L. A. Fowls, W. Sutton. J. S, Smedley; clerk. J.
Watson; treasurer, R, Wallace; assessor, L, B, Warner,

1863. Trustees, L, A, Fowls, W, Sutton, J, S, Smedley; clerk, J,
Watson; treasurer, S, Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner,

1864, Trustees, J. Sheldon, Conrad Stumpf, Wm, Pritchard ■ clerk
J. \Vatson; treasurer, Geo, Nokes; assessor, B. Wallace,

1865, Ti-nstees, J, Sheldon, W, Pritchard, C. C, Bennett; clerk A, S'
Allen; treasurer, John S, Jliller; assessor, John Watson.

1866. Trustees, C. C. Bennett. -T. Quayle. E, B, Gardner; clerk. A, S.
Allen; treas rer, John S, Miller; assessor, Geo, Nokes,

1867, Trustees, Henry Bevares, P, B, Gardner, Amos Fay; clerk. J.
P, Mills; treasurer, J, S, Smedley; assessor. N, D, Meacham.

1868. Trustees, P. B. Gardner, Amos Fay, S. W. Perry; clerk J. P.
Mills; treasurer, T. J. Quayle; assessor, N, D, Meacham.

1869, Ti-ustees, V, W, Perry, Wm, Engles, John McCroden; clerk, E.
C, Martin; treasurer, T, J, Quayle; assessor, Geo, Nokes,

1870, Trustees, S, W PeriT, C, C, Bennett, Wm, Lum; clerk, E, C.
Martin; treasurer, W. W, Noble; assessor, Geo Nokes;

1871. Trustees, S. W. Perry, C. C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, S. S.
Canniff; treasurer, W. W, Noble; assessor, Geo. Nokes.

1872. Trustees, S. W. Perry. C, C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, John C.
Nokes; treasurer, E, J, Kennedy; assessor, H, W, Jourdon,

1874, Trustees, Wni, Lum, E. Reublin, Wm, Huma ton; clerk, C, W.
Moley; treasurer, T, C, Mattison; assessor, Geo, Nokes,

1875, Trustees, Wm, Lum, E, Reublin, Wm, Humaston; clerk, C, W,
Moley; treasurer, T, C, Mattison; assessor,Geo. Nokes,

1876, Trustees, E, Reublin, Wm, Lum, J, C. Nokes; clerk, E. C. Mar-
tin; treasurer, Joseph Nichols; assessor, Geo. Nokes.

1877. Trustees, E. Reublin, Wm. Lum, J. C. Nokes; clerk, E. 0. Mar-
tin; treasurer, J. Nichols, assessor, Geo. Nokes.

1878. Trustees, John S. Miller, E. Reublin, J. C. Nokes: clerk, E. C.
Martin; treasurer. E. Christian; assessor, Geo. Nokes,

1879, Trustees, William Lum, John W. Landphair, Abner Hunt;
clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, E. Christian; assessor, George Nokes.

METHODIST CHURCH OF BEREA.

As already stated, there was a Methodist society
formed at Berea, soon after the war of 1812, which
was supplied by circuit preachers. The congregation
was small, however, and no record remains. of its oft-
changing pastors. Rev. Henry 0. Sheldon, ashasalso
been mentioned, was the first resident minister; com-
ing in 1836, and officiating more or less for several
years. The first authentic record is thtU of 1846,
when Rev. William C. Pierce was the pastor. The
Berea station had previously been a part of Brooklyn
circuit, but was now united with Olmstead and Hoad-
ley's Mills: the whole becoming Berea circut. A
substantial stone church was begun as early as 1856,
but was not dedicated until the last of 1858. It is
on the east side of Rocky river near the university.
The following is a list of the pastors since 1846, with
their years of service:

Thomas Thompson, 1847-48; J. M. Morrow and
U. Nichols. 1849; J. M. Morrow, 1850; Hiram Hum-
phrey and A. Rumfield, 1851; Liberty Prentiss,
1852; C. B. Brandeberry, 1853; Charles Hartley,
1854; William B. Disbro and John Wheeler, 1855;
William B. Disbro, 1856; George W. Breckenridge,
1857-58; T. J. Pope, 1859-60; D. D. T. Mattison
and T. J. Gard, 1861; D. D. T. Mattison, 1863;
Hugh L. Parish, 1863-64; E. H. Bush, 1865-66; S.
Mower, first charge— W. 0. Pierce, college charge,
1867; S. Mower, first charge— A. Schuyler, college
charge, 1868; S. Mower, first charge— W. C. Pieice,
college charge, 1869; J. Graham, first chtirge- W. D.
Godman, college charge, 1870; T. K. Dissette, first
charge— W. D. Godman>, college charge, 1871; T. K.
Dissette (for the whole), 1872-73; John S. Broadwell,
1874-75-76; J. W. Buxton, 1877-78-79.

THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH.

Nearly twenty-five years ago it was observed that
there were a number of Germans at Berea, who could
not well understand English, and who seemed to be
as sheep without a shepherd. Presiding Elder Roth-
weiler, of the German Methodist Church, was asked to
send them a preacher, which he accordingly did. A
little over twenty years ago a society was formed, and
services were regularly held, though in temporary
quarters. Since the erection of German Wallace
College the services have always been held in the col-
lege-chapel; the cliurch owning no real estate.

Only in rare instances has it had a pastor who was
not in some way connected with the college. Gener-
ally one of the professors has officiated as the pastor.
At present Rev. P. P. Schneider is the preacher in
charge. The total number of full members is now

'/^^^^t^

In 1835, William Knowlton, a physician and a
native of Massachusetts, removed with his wife and
children from New York to Ohio, locating first at
Olmsted Falls, and subsequently in Brecksville, where
he died in 1855. Of one of his sons, A. P., who was
born in Mina, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., thissketch treats.
Somewhat favored by circumstances beyond the
common lot of the youth of his time, young Knowl-
ton received the valuable benefits of a thorough edu-
cational course at an academy of high repute, and
following the bent of his inclination entered the
Cleveland Medical College, where he was graduated
in 1857. Earnest in his chosen calling, and zealous
in urging his skill forward to a state of high de-
velopment, he became widely known as a capable
physician and surgeon, and pursuing his practice in
various parts of the State, located eventually and
permanently in Berea, where he now resides.

To his duties as family physician he has frequently
added his services in broader capacities, incidental to
which it may be observed that he was at one period
assistant physician at the Northern Ohio Lunatic
Asylum, and has for some time been an active and
honored member of the Cuyahoga Medical Society
and of the Ohio State Medical Association.

His political faith has always attached him to the
Democracy, and on two occasions he has been put
forward as the nominee of that party for the State
Senate from his district, which being, however, over-
whelmingly Kepublican, in both instances declared
for his opponents.

He was married Nov. 10, 1863, to Miss Augusta
Snow, whom he lost by death Dec. 14, 1864. His
second wife was Hannah H., daughter of Capt. C.
P. Dryden, of Olmsted, whom he married' Jan. 16,
1868. Two children blessed his second union, — Con-
stance A., born Aug. 30, 1872, and Louis G., born
Jan. 30, 1876.

During the war of the Eebellion Dr. Knowlton
was connected with an army medical corps, and was
attached to the Sixth Ohio Cavalry, but becoming
seriously disabled by a sunstroke at the battle of
Gettysburg, he was compelled to resign his place in
the service.

As a skillful member of his profession he enjoys
deserved high repute not only at his own home, but
in the county at large ; and especially in the science
of surgery, to which he has devoted his particular
care, he stands confessedly one of its best exponents
in Cuyahoga.

MIDDLEBTTEG,

one hundred and fifty-seven; a portion of them being
individuals belonging to the college and orphan asy-
lum. Services are held twice every Sunday, all in
German.

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF BEREA.

This church was organized on the 9th day of June,
1855, the first members being Caleb and Myra Proc-
tor, David and Isabella Wylin, John and Nancy Wat-
son and Mary J. Crane. Ten more members were
added in the following September. The first pastor
was Rev. Stephen Cook. The first deacons were
James S. Smedley and Caleb Proctor; the first trus-
tees, James S. Smedley, James L. Crane, B. F. Cogs-
well, Isaac Kneeland and Caleb Proctor. The same
year a small brick house of worship was built on the
lot occupied by the present church edifice, it being
dedicated on the 6th of March, 1856. This was the
first meeting-house completed in the township.

The church grew but slowly, and when the troubles
and depression incident to the great war for the
Union came, it was obliged in November, 1862, to
suspend its services.

In September, 1868, the church was reorganized.
It soon entered on a flourishing career, and increased
rapidly in numbers and vigor. The present lai-ge
and commodious edifice was dedicated in 1873. In
the spring of 1873 there was a most fruitful revival,
and no less than thirty-seven were added on the 27th
day of April alone, under the ministrations of the
Rev. Mr. Westervelt. The church still continues in
a most flourishing condition. The following is a list
of the pastors with their terms of service:

Stephen Cook, 1855 and '56; E. P. Clisbee, 1856
and '57; Z. P. Disbro, 1860; E. P. Clisbee began
April, 1861, closed November, 1862; L. Smith, from
September, 1868, part of the time till January, 1870;
H. C. Johnson, 1870, '71 and '72; G. F. Waters, 1873
and '73; Rev. Mr. Westervelt began early in 1873,
served a few months; C. N. Gored, June, 1873, to
August, 1875; J. S. Whitman, 1876; E. H. Votaw,
1877, '78 and '79.

ST. mart's church (romak catholic).

This church was formed in 1855. The first resi-
dent priest was Father Louis J. Filiere. Although
he officiated at Berea he resided at Olmstead Falls
until 1866. A small framed house of worship was
erected soon after the formation of the society on the
same site as the present one. It 1866 it was removed
and the present edifice was begun. It is a himdred
feet long by forty-eight wide, built of dressed Berea
stone, and costing about twenty thousand dollars.
Father Filiere was succeeded in February, 1876, by
Father John Hannan, and he in 1879 by Father T.
J. Carroll, the present incumbent. The councilmen
are Thomas Donovan, Joseph Buling and James Bar-
rett. The congregation now numbei'S about one
hundred and twenty families.

ST. THOMAS' church (EPISCOPAL).

St. Thomas' Church was originally organized at
Berea on the 9th of October, 1864. P. Harley was
the senior warden and T. McOroden the junior war-
den. Rev. George B. Sturgis preached two years, but
the number of Episcopalians at Berea was so small
that in 1866 they were obliged to abandon the organ-
ization.

.In the autumn of 1873 St. Thomas' was reorgan-
ized and consolidated with St. Philip's, formerly of
Albion, and St. Luke's, of Columbia. The first offi-
cers under the new organization -were George John-
son, senior warden; Joseph Nichols, junior warden;
William James, W. W. Goodwin, E. F. Benedict, M.
McDermott, C. W. Stearns, Thomas Churchward
and J. S. Ashley, vestrymen. A framed building
was moved from the west to the east side of the river
and fitted up as a church in 1873, and is still occu-
pied as such; the congregation numbering about fifty
members.

The rectors have been as follows: R. R. Nash, a
short time in 1873; A. V. Gorrell, 1873 to 1875; J. M.
Hillyer, 1875 to 1879. The present officers are Joseph
Nicholas, senior warden; E. P. Benedict, junior
warden; M. McDermott, Wm. A. James, S. Goette,
Wm. McCroden, B. Crawford.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (GERMAN LUTHERAN).

Religious meetings began to be held among the
Germans in the north part of the township as early
as 1866. On the 38th of July, 1867, a church was
organized by Rev. G. H. Fuehr, called the Evangeli-
cal Lutheran congregation of St. Paul. A framed
church edifice had been built the same spring. There
were then but fourteen members. Rev. Mr. Fuehr
remained in charge of the church until 1875,_ when
he was succeeded by Rev. F. Schmeltz, the present
incumbent.

There are now about seventy-five families belonging
to the church, with nearly two hundred members over
fourteen years of age. The trustees are M. Holtz-
worth, F. Steller and L. Schultz. A school is con-
nected with the church, which is taught by the pastor
and numbers fifty scholars. There is also a Sabbath
school of sixty or seventy scholars.

ST. ADELBERTIS' CHURCH (POLISH CATHOLIC).

This church was organized early in 1874 by Rev.
Victor Zarecznyi, its present and only pastor. A
large church building was erected the same year
about half way between the main part of Berea vil-
lage and the depot. It is eighty feet by forty-two and
cost six thousand dollars. " The Sisters of Humility
of Mary" teach a school in the church edifice, having
from ninety to a hundred scholars. There are now
about eighty families connected with the church.

BEREA LODGE, NO. 382, P. AND A. M.

This society was organized on the 30th day of Feb-
ruary, 1867; the charter members being F. R. Van

480

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Tyue, 0. M. Barber, S. Y. Wadsworth, C. Vansise,
G. B. Sturgess, D. S. Fracker, JM". D. Meacham, W.
P. Gardner. F. R. Van Tyne was the first master;
G. M. Barber the first senior warden, and S. Y. Wads-
worth the first junior warden. The list of masters,
witli their terms of service is as follows: F. E. Van
Tyne, 1867 and '68; G. M. Barber, 1869; S. Y. Wads-
worth, 1870 and '71: D. E. Watson, 1872; F. E. Van
Tyne, 1873; W. W. Goodwin, 1874; W. A. Reed,
1875 and '76; Joseph Nichols, 1877 and '78; C. W. L.
Miller, 1879. The jwesent number of members is
sixty-three.

BEEBA CHAPTER, NO. 134, B. A. M.

The charter of this chapter was granted October 2,
1873; the charter members being F. E. Van Tyne,
D. E. Watson, W. W. Noble, Edward Christian, W.
L. Stearns, G. M. Barber, Robert W. Henry, Theo-
dore M. Fowl, S. E. Meacham, H. D. Chapin, Aaron
Schuyler, Samuel Hittel. F. R. Van Tyne was the
first high priest; R. W. Henry, the first king; and W.
L. Stearns the first scribe.

The chapter now numbers thirty members, and
meets in the room on the third floor of the " Brick
Hall."

OTHER SOCIETIES.

The following are other societies situated at Berea:

Rocky River Lodge, No. 336, I. 0. 0. F. ; C. B.
Loomis, N. G., Fred Beebe, R. S.

Berea Encampment, No. 153, I. 0. 0. F. ; B. W.
Sabin, C. P.; D. E. Stearns, scribe.

Sweet Home Division, Sons of Temperance; 0. H.
Knapp, W. P., George N. Watson, R. S.

A. 0. H., Division No. 3; T. S. Morissey, president;
Martin Galvin, secretary.

Grindstone Lodge, No. 334, A. 0. U. W. ; 0. W .
•D. Miller, W. M. ; 0. H. Perry, recorder.

BEREA VILLAGE CORPORATION.

Berea was incorporated as a village, March 33, 1850.
The first mayor was Hon. John Baldwin. We have
not been able to find the earliest records. The num-
ber of votes in 1858 was one hundred and forty; the
number in 1878 was three hundred and twenty-seven
— showing a probable population of about two thou-
sand. Since 1857 the mayors of the village have been
as follows:

G. M. Barber, 1857 and '58; J. V. Baker, 1859;
W. N. Watson, 1860 and '61; Joseph Jones, 1862;
Silas Clapp, 1863; Jacob Rothweiler, 1864; James S.
Smedley, 1865; John Baldwin, Jr., 1866: Alex. Mc
Bride, 1867; S. S. Brown, 1868; Lyman Baker, 1869,
'70 and '71 ; D. R. Watson, 1873 and '73; S. S. Brown,
1874 and '75; George Nokes, 1876 and '77; Joseph
Nichols, 1878 and '79.

BEREA TOWN HALL.

Few villages of the size of Berea can boast of a
more creditable building belonging to the public than
this. It was erected in 1874, Jacob Smith being the

superintendent. It is sixty feet long by forty wide,
and is built of brick; the two sides on' the streets,
however, being faced with stone in "ashlar" or
rough form. It contains on the first floor a council-
room, mayor's room, engine room, and three cells for
prisoners; the second floor is occupied entirely by a
very fine public hall.

BUSINESS PLACES, SHOPS, ETC.

The list of these in Berea now includes the follow-
ing: Hotel, one; dry goods stores, five; hardware
stores, two; grocery and provision stores, seven; drug-
stores, three; harness shops, two; shoe shops, four;
blacksmith shops, three; wagon shops, two; jeweler's
shops, three; millinery shops, four; tin shop, one;
merchant tailors, four; undertaker's shops, two: bar-
ber's shops, two; saloons, six.

PHYSICIANS.

Henry Parker, A. P. Knowlton, A. S. Allen, F.
M. Coates, N. E. Wright, William Clark and Lafay-
ette Kirkpatrick.

BEREA STREET RAILWAY.

This work was begun in May, 1876, and completed
in 1878. It runs from the depot to the central part
of the village, is a mile and twenty rods long, and
cost six thousand dollars. It is owned by a joint
stock company, of which Joseph Nichols is the presi-
dent, and C. A. Moley, the secretary and treasurer.

BEREA UNION SCHOOL.

Great attention has always been paid to education
in this village. The old "Lyceum," the Baldwin
Institute, the Baldwin University and German Wal-
lace College are spoken of elsewhere. As early as
1851 or 1853, when graded schools and boards of
education were extremely rare, outside of the large
cities, a board of education and a Union school
was established at Berea. James S. Smedley was the
first teacher (that is, in the Union school), remaining
three years, Subsequent principals in the old build-
ing were Messrs. Goddard, Milton Baldwin, Israel
Snyder, Bassett, Eastman, Goodrich, Kendall, Huck-
ins, Pope and Hoadley.

The present large and commodious brick school-
building was erected in 1869. Subsequently Mr. B.
B. Hall acted as principal for a year, and Mr. Millets
for another year. In 1873 Mr. M. A. Sprague became
principal and superintendent, and the school has ever
since remained under his able management. There
are now four hundred pupils enrolled, arranged in
three grades — high-school, grammar and primary.
There were about twenty scholars in the high-school
grade, a little over a hundred in the grammar grade,
and the remainder in the primary. The high-school
teaches the higher English branches, the grammar
grade the ordinary English studies, and the primary
grade the elementary ones.

NEWBURa.

481

BOARD OF EDUCATION.

President, E. Christian; clerk, C. W. San burn;
treasurer, A. H. Pomeroy; directors, T. C. Mattison,
M. McDermott, B. G. Worcester; superintendent of
public schools, M. A. Sprague.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BEREA.

This institution was organized July 1, 1872, with
a capital of $50,000. The first board of directors was
composed of T. Churchward (president), Jacob Kuntz
(vice president), Alanson Pomeroy, W. L.Stearns, and
A. P. Hinman. H. C. Johnson was chosen cashier
at the organization, and was succeeded in 1874 by
A. Pomeroy, the present incumbent.

The bank has now a deposit account of $30,000; a
loan account of $45,000, and a circulation of $45,000.
The directors are T. Churchward (president), W. C.
Peirce (vice president), 0. D. Pomeroy, Anson Good-
win and A. J. Campbell.

BEREA SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.

Although organized on the 37th of November,
1874, this association did not begin business till
the 13th of April, 1875. It has a capital stock of
fifty thousaud dollars, of which twenty-five thousand
is paid. • There is now between sixty and seventy
thousand dollars of deposits, and about eight hundred
depositors. The trustees are Henry Parker, presi-
dent; Sydney Lawrence, vice-president; Wm. Lunn,
V. C. Stone, C. C. Bennett, Jacob Bailey, P. M.
Stearns. C. W. Parker is the secretary and treas-
urer.

CHAPTER LXXTX.

NEWBUEa.

The Present TownsUp— Early Settlement-Philip Brower— Marks, Ben-
nett, Treat and Ross— A New Way of Breaking up a School— Eathbun
—Civil Organization— Principal Township Officers- Schools — Manu-
faotures-The Austin Powder Company— The California Powder Com-
pany—The Newburg Fertilizer Company.

Newburg township, one of the first to be settled in
Northern Ohio, long included nearly the whole of
sui-vey township number seven, in range twelve, of
the Western Reserve, but the encroachments of the
city of Cleveland have reduced it to very narrow
limits. It is now exceedingly irregular in shape,
somewhat resembling a carpenter's square in general
form, and is bounded as follows: North by the city
of Cleveland and the towuship of East Cleveland;
south by the township of Independence; east by
Warrensville, and west by Brooklyn. The Cuya-
ahoga river flows along the western border, and Mill
creek across the southern section— the latter stream
occasionally providing good water power. The Ohio
canal passes through the southern edge of the town-
ship, following the course of the river, and the At-
lantic and Great Western and the Cleveland and Pitts-
burg railways run for a short distance across the south-
eastern portion.

The present Newburg is a strictly agricultural
region. The soil is fertile, and farming is profitable,
especially near the city, where gardening occupies the
labors of the people to a large degree. Pasturage is
plentiful and excellent, and dairies are numerous.
The largest, average from thirty to forty cows each,
and Newburg does a flourishing business in supplying
the city with milk. Building stone is quarried to
some extent, but receives no marked attention as an
article of shipment.

Newburg, as now constituted, is simply a rural Set-
tlement, with convenient access, however, to more
populous regions. There are within its limits neither
villages nor churches; but on the other hand, the
citizens pride themselves on the fact that there is no
place in the township where liquor is sold. The only
public buildings are the town-hall and the school-
houses.

early SETTLEMENT.

The earliest settlements of old Newburg were made •
in that portion now known as the Eighteenth ward
of Cleveland. But the pioneers of that tract having
been mentioned in the history of Cleveland, this chap-
ter will deal merely with the first settlements in what
is now known as Newburg township.

Philip Brower, who was among the early comers,
journeyed in 1816 with his wife and seven children
from New York State to Independence township.
He lived there until his wife died — in 1830 — and then
settled in Newburg, near the Independence line,
where David L., his son, had purchased two hundred
and seventy acres. Dav-id lived on the old place
fifty-four years, and died in 1876, aged eighty-five.
His widow still survives, residing with her son Perry
in Cleveland.

When Mr. Brower moved into Newburg he be-
came a neighbor of Darius Warner, who came from
New York in 1816 with five children, and took up
the farm now occupied by James Walker, who mar-
ried his granddaughter. Darius Warner's son, Spen-
cer carried on the farm after his father's death, and
on his own death, in 1861, left four children. Two
of them, Mrs. James Walker and Lydia Warner, live
in Newburg; Norman resides in Iowa, and John in
California.

In the spring of 1830, Nehemiah Marks, Wilson
Bennett, Richard Treat and a Mr. Clark, all young
men of Milford, Connecticut, set out in a one-horse
wagon for Oliio, and, after a journey of thirty-three
days, brought up in the township which is the sub-
ject of this chapter. Treat and Clark went farther
west, but Marks and Bennett tarried in Newburg,
where- they had bought farms of Barr & Bardsley, the
Connecticut proprietors. Mr. Marks bought one
hundred acres on the present Bedford road, where he
still lives, an aged but hale and hearty pioneer, now
entering upon his eighty-third year. Mr. Bennett
located on the farm next adjoining that of Mr. Marks
on the northwest. Soon afterward Thomas Ross, an

483

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

emigrant from the State of New York, came from
Summit county and joined Marks and Bennett, his
farm being the one now owned by Asa Dunham, one
mile west of the Marks place. While engaged in
clearing their farms, Marks, Bennett and Eoss kept
bachelor's hall in Ross' log shanty until late in the
fall, when the family of the latter came out from the
East, and then Marks and Bennett boarded with the
Ross household. Meanwhile Marks had pat up a log
house and cleared six acres of land, whereupon, in
1821, he traveled on foot back to Connecticut for his
sister, who accompanied him to Ohio, and kept house
for him until 1822, when Mr. Marks married. The
next year she married Cyrus Parmeter, a Vermonter,
who had assisted Marks in clearing his farm, and re-
moved to Strongsville.

As an instance of the difficulty of traveling with
vehicles in those days, it may be observed that young
Marks walked back to Connecticut in thirteen days
on the return trip; when he had a team, he consumed
upwards of a month. When Mr. Marks first came
out to Newburg he had to cut his way to his farm,
although in the following summer a road from Cleve-
land to Hudson was opened, which was followed
somewhat later by the present Bedford road.

Eoss died in 1832, of the cholera. Bennett fell
eventually into evil ways, took to drinking, and died
a wreck, in 1836. None of the descendants of either
Eoss or Bennett are living in the township. Mr.
Marks married, in 1822, a Mrs. Parmeter, a sister of
the man who married Miss Marks. She came to
Newburg in 1821, in company with a family of West-
ern pioneers, and drove a team all the way from New
England as compensation for her transportation.
After reaching Newburg she taught school on the
Brainard farm, but unfortunately for the school
it was broken up by the speedy marriage of its
teacher.

When Mr. Marks settled in Newburg there were on
the Bedford road in Newburg the Jewetts, John and
Samuel Brooks, and Nehemiah Wallace, with his
three sons, Ira, Chester and Jefferson, the former two
being married. Chester is still living iu Morrow
county, in this State. Lewis Harper's farm adjoined
Wilson Bennett's, but he subsequently moved to that
part of the township now included in the city.

Edmund Eathbun, now an old gentleman of
eighty-five, living in Cleveland with his son-in-law,
Ereeman Brooks, made the journey in a sleigh from
New York to Newburg, in the winter of 1817, in
company with Isaac Clark and family. Young Eath-
bun took up forty-four acres of land near where the
" five-mile-lock " was afterwards constructed, which
tract he increased to one hundred and twenty-five
acres in 1818. In that year his brother George
joined him, and located on a neighboi-ing farm. He
removed to Euclid in 1844, and died there in 1877,
aged eighty-one. Edmund Eathbun sold out his
Newburg place in 1854, and went to Solon, afterwards
becoming a resident of Cleveland, as before stated.

His wife, who is still living, was the daughter of
Samuel Hamilton, who settled in Newburg village as
early as 1801.

Mr. Eathbun's neighbors besides his brother-
George, were Milton, Erastus and Joseph Eathbun;
a Mr. Burgess, who was killed by the fall of a tree;
Jonathan Pearse, who located in Newburg about
1818; John Gould and his son, Myrick; Benjamin
Parsons, Wildman White, Samuel Andrus and George
Beakle.

In the northeast, one of the pioneers was Jedediah
Hubbell. His house was burned to the ground on
Sunday, in 1822, while he was at church. The next
morning his townsmen gathered in force, put up a
new house for him, and moved his family into it be-
fore nightfall. That is an example of how people
used to help each other in the "good old days."
Solomon White was located in the north near the
present city line. On the old State road, now called
the Fisher i-oad, were Parker, Shattuek, Amos Brain-
ard, Silas Owens, Lewis Peet and Isaac Clark; the
latter having come out with Edmund Eathbun in
1817. A Mr. Remington, Lyman Hammond and Mr.
Rightor were settlers perhaps, as early as 1814, near
where James Walker lives, but they moved away after
a very brief stay.

CIYIL ORGANIZATION.

Newburg township waSjformed by an order of the
county commissioners on the 15th day of October,
1814. Until 1873 it embraced the thriving village of
Newburg. In Sepember of that year the "village and
the tract lying between it and the north line of the
township were annexed to the city of Cleveland. The
remaining citizens of Newburg determined to preserve
the residue of their territory intact, and so, on the
2d of March, 1874, the township was incorporated
for "special purposes." The only change in the
form of election, however, is that each year one trus-
tee is chosen to serve three years.

Financially the township is in a healthful condi-
tion. On the 1st of September, 1879, there were in
the treasury $3,555, against which there was not one
dollar of indebtedness. The township tax for 1879
aggregated ninety-three and one-half cents on each

While Newburg village was a part of the township,
all the township business was naturally done there,
and a large part of the officers lived there, probably
a majority of them. Others lived in the northwestern
part of the old township. These are all "outsiders"
so far as the present township is concerned. Yet if
we give a bit of Newburg officers at all we cannot
discriminate between them, and we can find no place
more proper for it than in the history of the town-
ship which still bears that time-honored name. The
township books from 1814 to the present time are in
the possession of the clerk of the present Newburg,
and from them we transcribe the following list:

GAIUS BURKE.

NEWBURG.

483

PKINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

1814. Clerk, Eraatus Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Daniel
Marvin.

1815. Clerli, Hrastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Jas.
Kingsbury, Chas. Miles, Giles Barnes.

1816. Clerk, Erastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Giles
Barnes, Dauiel Marvin, Y. L. Morgan.

1817. Clerk, Thompson Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees,
Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Y. L. Morgan.

1818. Clerk, Justus Bemington: treasurer, Jedediah Hubbell; trus-
tees, J. A. Smith, Ephraim Hubbell, S. S. Baldwm.

1819 and 1820. Clerk, Daniel Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trus-
tees, Ephraim Hubbell, Jas. Kingsbury, John Wightmau.

1821. Clerk, Lewis Feet; treasurer-, Theodore Miles; Trustees, Jehial
Saxton, Jedediah Hubbell, Noble Bates.

1832. Clerk, Lewis Peet; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees. Noble
Bates, Jehial Saxton, Aaron Hubbard.

1823. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees,
Jehial Saxton, Peter Robison, Y. L. Morgan.

1824. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees,
Theodore Miles, Aaron Hubbard, John Brooks.

1825. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Erastus Miles; trustees,
Theodore Miles, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin.

1826. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Peter Robison; trustees,
Jas. Kingsbury, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin.

1827. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gaius Burk; trustees, Cyrenus
Buggies. Lewis Peet, Jesse Harris.

1828. Clerk, T. T. Clarke ; treasurer, Justus Hamilton ; trustees, John
Brooks, Jonathan Pearse, Moses Jewett.

1829. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
Jonathan Pearse. Moses Jewett, Spencer Warner.

1830. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
John Brooks, Nob'.e Bates, Stephen Titus.

1831. Clerk, Jason HubbeU; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
Jehial Saxton, A. S. Chapman, C. Hamilton.

1832. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
Chester Hamilton, A. S. Chapman, Jas. Kingsbury.

1833. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
Gains Burk, Moses Jewett, A. S. Chapman.

1834. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees,
Moses Jewett, Samuel Brooks, Jehial Saxton.

1835. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, A. C. Chapman; trustees,
Moses Jewett, Philo S. Ruggles, A. H. Brainard.

1836. Clerk, Anson A. Miles; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A.
H. Brainard, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter.

1837. Clerk, Jason HubbeU; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees,
Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter, A. S. Chapman.

1838. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A.
S. Chapman, A. B. Haight, Jabez Gallup.

1839. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, P. S. Buggies; trustees, A. B.
Haight, Stephen Titus, Aaron Shepard.

1840. Clerk, Thos. M. Bayard; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A.
H Brainard, Wileman White, Stephen Titus.

1841. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees. A,
H. Brainard, Y. L. Morgan, Jr., G. Bradford.

1842. Clerk, Justus Hamilton ; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles ; trustees, Y.
L. Morgan, George Bathbone, J. Hopkinson.

1843. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, John
Hopkinson, Nehemiah Marks, G. S. Rathbone.

1844. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, N.
Marks, G. S. Rathbone, John Hopkinson.

1845. Clerk, E. G. Simmons; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, B.
L. Wiggles, Eben Miles, F. A. Andrews.

1846. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, B. L.
Wiggins, Thomas Garfield, Alonzo Carter.

1847. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, Thomas
Garfield, E. Bathbone, J. S. Buggies.

1848. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, A. W. Gay lord; trustees, Thomas
Garfield, J. S. Ruggles, Elias Shepard.

1849. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord; trustees, I. G.
Buggies, Elias Shepard, I. W. Kingsbury.

1860. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, E. G.
Simmons, Wm. Kelley, James T. Worley.

1851. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, N. T.
Meeoh, J. N. Cannell, Thomas Garfield.

1853. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; trustees, Thos.
Garfield, N. T. Meeeh, C. P. Jewett.

1853. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; tmstees, Thos.
Garfield, Sam'l Stewart, B. L. Wiggins.

1854. Clerk, H. S. Pratt; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, A. H.
Brainard, Henry Marble, B. L. Wiggins.

1855. Clerk, Alex. Topp ng; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees B. L.
Wiggins, I. Brayton, C. P. Jewett.

1856. Clerk, Alex. Topping; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, B. L.
Wiggins, B. Edwards, F. A. Andrews.

1857. Clerk, A. B. Ruggles; treasurer, H. Burghardt; trustees, B. L.
Wiggtas, F. A. Andrews, Alex. Topping.

1858. Clerk, E. W. Greenwood; treasurer, H. W. Burghardt; trustees,
D. L. Wiggins, Jos. Turney, A. P. Leland.

18i9. Clerk, A. J. Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, Jos.
Turney, A. A. Jewett, Richard Rodway.

1860. Clerk, A. J.Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, A. A.
Jewett, Clark Caley, F. A. Andrus.

1861. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, A. W.
Morgan, Thos. Garfield, Jabez Lovett.

1862. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, P, S. Ruggles; trustees, Thos.
Garfield, Moses Fish, P. Potts.

1883. Clerk, J. G. Ruggles; treasurer, E. T, Hamilton; trustees, G. R.
Bowman, Thos. Caine, John Hopkinson.

1864. Clerk, J. A.Dyer; treasurer, E. G. Hamilton; trustees, J, D.
Runnels, Wm. Jones, C. P. Jewett.

1865. Clerk, R. M. Choate; treasurer, D. J. Wilder; trustees, C. P.
Jewett, J. D. Runnels, Elias Shepard.

1866. Clerk, R, M. Choate; treasurer, N. B. Wiggins; trustees, C. P.
Jewett, Moses Fish, Frank Andrews.

1867. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. G. Ruggles; trustees, Moses
Fish, C. P. Jewett, H. Carter.

1868. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Elias
Shepard, Henry Carter, Thos, Garfield.

1869. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, Elias
Shepard, James Walker, Henry Williams.

1870. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, James
Walker, Henry Carter, Moses Fish.

1871. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, A. J. Hamilton; trustees, James
Walker, Henry Carter, Joseph Turney.

1872. Clerk, J. Grays; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, Jos. Tur-
ney, Moses Fish, Edmund James.

1873. Clerk, George Ruggles ; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, C.
P. Jewett, Wm. E. Edwards, Cornelius Boyle.

1874. Clerk, Chas. Evarts; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P.
Jewett, A. L. Radway, Jacob Flick.

1875. Clerk, James Walker; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P.
Jewett, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway.

1876 and 1877. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Eli W.
Carroll, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway.

1878. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Jacob Flick, A.
L. Radway, Richard Woodly.

1879. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, A. L, Radway,
Richard Woodly and E, W, Cannell.

SCHOOLS.

Newburg has now five school districts — two having
been added during 1879. At the last report, Septem-
ber 1, 1879, for three school districts, the value of
school property was set down at $10,000. The amount
paid teachers for the year was $735, and the. balance
of cash in the school fund was $1,400. The number
of children of school age was about two hundred, of
whom one hundred and ten were enrolled in the
schools; the average attendance being sixty-six. The
great discrepancy between the enumeration and en-
rollment is explained by the statement that many.
of the children in the township attend a Catholic
school in the eighteenth ward of Cleveland. Two
fine brick school-houses, expected to cost 11,600 each,
are now being erected in "the two recently created dis-
tricts. The five districts are located ^s follows: No.
1, in the northeast; No. 3, on Miles avenue; No. 3,
on the Bedford road; No. 4, near the California pow-
der works, and No. 5, on Union street. The mem-
bers of the board of education are Boardman Pearse,
0. W. Quiggin, John E. Edwards, John B. Collett
and Jacob Cramer.

MANUFACTURES.

The manufacturing industries, although few in
number, are of considerable importance.

THE AUSTIN POWDER COMPANY,

(an outgrowth of the firm of Austin & Sons, which
was founded in Ohio in 1833), was incorporated in

484

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1868, with a capital of $300,000, for the purjDose of
manufacturing all kinds of powdei'. The works are
located near what is called fiye-mile-lock. Here the
company owns one hundred and thirty acres of land,
upon which are the mills, tenement houses, etc.
Thirty men are employed, and about four hundi'ed
kegs of powder are produced daily; the product in-
cluding blasting, mining, shipping, cannon, meal,
and several grades of sporting powder. Mr. L. Aus-
tin, who was the secretary of the company until 1873,
has been its president since that time.

THE CALIFORNIA POWDER COMPANy,

an association incorporated by the State of California,
has branch factories in various parts of the country,
and among them one in Newburg. This branch was
established in 1877, for the purpose of manufacturing
dynamite, or Hercules powder, for blasting. The
business at these works aggregates 1300,000 annually.
Forty men are employed, being under the direction of
William Willson, the superintendent.

The mills are located near the line of the Ohio
canal, in a deep ravine upon an extensive farm owned
by the company, and comprise about a dozen differ-
ent structures.

THE NEWBURG FERTILIZER COMPANY,

composed of J. B. Peck, J. H. Breek, Jr., and E. S.
Peck have a large establishment near the river devoted
to the manufacture of bone-dust, superphosphate of
lime and;neatsfoot oil. The company was established
about three years ago, as the successor of Davidson &
Palmer.

CHAPTER LXXX.

OLMSTE&D.

The First Improvement— James Geer— Elijah and D. J. Stearns— A
Large Purchase— D. J. Stearns Becomes a Pioneer— Celebrating
the Fourth— Daniel Runnel- Olmstead Called Kingston— Three
Lonesome Tears— High Price for Wheat— First Marriage— First
Birth— First Death— Amos Briggs— Mrs. Scales and the Wild
Animals— Major Hoadley— His Girls Raise a House— Remark-
able Death of John Hanley— Settlers After 1819— First Gristmill
-First Religious Organizations— Indian Sugar Bush— Organiza-
tion of Lenox— Division of Lenox— Reorganization— First Officers
Afterward— A Big "Black Squirrel"— Lenox Changes to Olmstead—
The Seven Filches— Mr. Banum's House— Kilpatrick's Mill— First
Tavern — The ITnion Meeting-house- A Lyceum on Butternut
Ridge— General Improvementr-The Railroads— Olmstead Falls* and
Lake View— The War— Stone Quarries— The Universahst Church—
Wesleyan Methodist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Congre
gational Church on the Ridge— St. Mary's Church- Congregational
Church at the Falls— Union School— Lyceum, etc., iu District Number
One— Olmstead Falls Village— Principal Township Offlcers.

Township six and range fifteen, now known as
Olmstead, saw the first improvement made while war
was still raging along the not distant frontier. In
the year 1814 James Geer, then a resident of Colum-
bia, which is now in Lorain county, but was at that
time in Cuyahoga, cut out the underbrush and
girdled the trees on a small piece of land in the
southwest corner of the township, on what has since
been known as the Browning farm. This he planted

to corn the same year, and raised such a crop as he
could among the trees.

The next spring, after the declaration of peace,
Mr. Geer put up a small log house at the place first
mentioned, and moved thither with his family, be-
coming the first permanent resident ■ of the present
township of Olmstead. His son, Calvin Geer, was
then a boy of seven, and is now the earliest surviving
resident of the township. Wild beasts swarmed all
around, and often appeared in the edge of the little
clearing. One of young Calvin's olde'st recollec-
tions is regarding the slaughter by his father of a
bear which showed himself one Sunday evening, soon
after their arrival, on the bank of Eocky river, not
far from their cabin. Mr. Geer's first shot broke the
animal's back, but such was his size and vitality that
it took three more balls to kill him.

The same year, 1815, Elijah Stearns and his son,
David Johnson Stearns, came to Kingston, as Olm-
stead was then called, to select land for future settle-
ment. The senior Mr. Stearns had a large family of
boys, and was desirous to obtain an extensive tract of
land for their use. He selected and purchased a
thousand and two acres on Butternut Ridge, in the
northwest part of the township, at two dollars per
acre. Of this it was arranged that D. J. Stearns was to
have a hundred and fifty acres. The latter was then an
active, enterprising young man of twenty-one, with a
constitution remarkably well fitted to bear the hard-
ships of frontier life, as is shown by the fact that after
passing through the whole pioneer period of Olmstead's
existence, and after residing sixty-three years in the
township, he still survives, at the age of eighty-five,
in a condition of remarkable physical vigor, and of
undiminished mental power.

It was expected that the proprietors would send a
surveyor to lay out the land, and D. J. Stearns
waited awhile for his arrival, in the meantime clear-
ing off a small piece of land near the present resi-
dence of Buel Stearns. He then returned to Ver-
mont.

In 1816, having perfected the purchase of his land,
he came back to Kingston to reside upon it. He was
accompanied by his brother Alva, and by Asa Knapp,
but they only remained long enough to help him put
up a log house and make a beginning in the woods.
Mr. Stearns still preserves a note of three hundred',
and thirty -four dollars, one of four given by the
Stearns' for land, to the trustees of the estate of
Aaron Olmstead, who had been in his lifetime the
proprietor of the township. Young Stearns had a
sub-agency under Judge Kirtland, the agent of the
proprietors, to sell their land. He, however,had sold
only two lots when the owners stopped the sale. The
Fourth of July, 1816, was celebrated by Mr. Stearns,
assisted by Mr. Geer, in clearing out the "ridge road"
from Rocky river, along Butternut ridge, toward the
home of the former. They worked from sunrise till
sunset, cutting out the saplings so as to make a pass-
able pathway, for a distance of two miles.

OLMSTEAD.

485

That same spring Daniel Bunnel moved from Co-
lumbia to the northeast corner of Olmstead, and built
a rough plank house, becoming the third resident of
the township. As we have said, the township was
then called Kingston, but this name had no legal
validity; it was mei-ely applied at the fancy, of the
proprietors to survey-township number six. Many
such names were given on the Western Reserve, some
of which were retained, while others were changed.

Owing to the stoppage of the sale of land by the
proprietors, young Stearns remained almost alone in
that part of the township until 1819, keeping bach-
elor's hall the whole time. In 1817 he was obliged
to pay three dollars a bushel for wheat, which he
bought near Black River. Having other business to
attend to, he gave half of it to another man to take
to mill. The latter went with a yoke of oxen, and,
finding the nearer mill closed for want of water, he
was obliged to go to Chagrin i-iver to get the wheat
ground. It took him a week to go and return. Salt
at the same time was twenty dollars a barrel.

The first wedding in the township was that of
Harvey Hartson and Eunice Parker, which took place
at the residence of James Geer, in the spring of 1817.
Hartson located himself near Geer. The same spring,
and at the same house, occurred the first birth, that of
Mr. Geer's daughter, Julia. The child died when two
years old, this being the first death in the township.

In 1817 Amos Briggs settled on the west part of
Butternut Ridge, ou what has since been known as
the Robb farm. In 1818 Isaac Scales built a house
and brought his family to live on the east end of the
ridge, near Rocky river. He and his wife lived there
without neighbors about a year. As he was obliged
to go to Columbia to work most of the time, Mrs.
Scales had a most lonesome experience. Often she
had to get up in the night, with a broom, to drive the
wildcats out of the loft of her house. One day she
saw a bear hugging the dog to death in the front
yard. She took down the old musket from over the
fireplace, but finally concluded that it would be more
dangerous than the bear. The latter left the dog ap-
parently dead, and waddled ofE into the woods. Poor
Tray, however, recovered from the effects of his ex-
tremely bad company, but in a very dilapidated con-
dition. Add to such events as these the frequent ap-
pearance of wandering Indians, and it must be admit-
ted that there was enough to try a woman's nerves
most severely.

In February, 1819, Mr. Stearns was married to
Polly Barnum; this being, we believe, the second
wedding in the township.

A little later in the same spring Major Samuel
Hoadley settled near Scales's place, at the east end of
Butternut ridge. He and his family at first occupied
a log house, but immediately began the erection of a
framed one. After the frame was completed, ready
to raise, one day late in the summer Major Hoadley
and his wife went away for the day, leaving at home
his daughters, Maria and Eunice, the carpenter,

James Miles, and a man named Eliot Smith. During
the day Mrs. Scales also came over to visit them.
The two girls, both enterprising, wide-awake young
women, determined that they would surprise their
parents by raising the new house while they were
gone. It was not a very large one, the timbers were
light, the carpenter offered to help and to see that
the work was done properly, young Smith was very
ready to give his best assistance, and Mrs. Scales
proffered a pair of arms not at all to be despised.

So at it they went. Under Mr. Miles's direction
they all took hold, carried the timbers to their pro-
per position, fitted the sills into place, and matched
the bents together. Then with hands and pike-poles
the three women and two men started a bent upward,
and to the cheery "heave-ho!" of the carpenter
steadily raised it to its place. The other work
quickly followed, and when Major and Mrs. Hoadley
returned at nightfall, their eyes were greeted with the
sight of a frame completely erected and ready for the
clapboards, while, to their astonished inquiries, two
demure young ladies answered quietly, " Oh, we did
it;" as if raising houses was the commonest thing in
the world for them to do.

The next spring Maria Hoadley, one of the heroines
of this adventure, was married to John Adams, a
newly arrived young pioneer. They settled near by,
have ever since resided in the township, and now live
at West View. Eunice Hoadley afterward became
Mrs. John Barnum.

The second death, and first serious accident in the
township, occurred in the autumn of 1819, in a very
peculiar manner. Mr. D. J. Stearns had a boy of
Irish parentage, named John Hanley, about fifteen
years old, living with him, whose parents resided in
Ridgcville, now Lorain county. One day the boy ob-
tained permission to visit his home, promising to re-
turn in time to do the chores at night. The night set
in dark, and the boy did not appear. His wife being ab-
sent Mr. Steai-ns was in his house alone. Late in the
night he heard an agonized voice shrieking "Oh! dear!
Oh! dear!" at some distance from the house. For a
moment it ceased, and then it was heard again nearer
than before. Mr. Stearns stepped out of the door,
where he was suddenly grasped by a man who flung
his arms around him in a state of frantic excitement,
ci-ying out at the same time: "Oh ! my boy is kilt !
my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! "

As soon as Mr. Stearns could recover from his
astonishment, and get the man to the light, he found
that his visitor was Mr. Hanley, the father of John.
It was with great difficulty that he could quiet the
frantic Irishman so as to obtain even the slightest idea
of what was the matter. At length, however, he
succeeded in learning from the broken ejaculations of
the distracted father, mingled with sobs and groans,
and cries of anguish, that Hanley and his son had
been coon-hunting, and that a large tree had fallen
upon his boy and probably crushed him to death, a
mile or two out in the woods, to the northeast.

486

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Knowing that he could do nothing wi'^^hout assist-
ance, Mr. Stearns made Hanley promise to remain at
the house until he could obtain aid. His nearest
neighbor, Amos Briggs, was absent, and there were
no others nearer than a mile and a half. He accord-
ingly went to Mr. Briggs's stable, and took his horse
to go for help. Ere he could mount, however,
Hanley came rushing up, and again flung his arms
about the young man, crying out that his "boy was
kilt" in all the agony of unreasoning despair.
Again Mr. Stearns pacified him, and persuaded him
to return to the house. The former then rode a mile
and a half, and obtained the help of three new-
comers, Bennett Powell, Job Cole and another whose
name is not recollected.

The four returned with all speed to Stearns's house,
where they found the desolate father with whom they
set out to find the scene of the disaster. Hauley,
liowever, had been so frightened and demoralized by
the catustrophe that he could give no clear idea of the
direction to be taken. Nevei'theless he thought it
was somewhat east of north, and he knew there was
a turning tree where the sad event had occurred.
The five men hurried forward through the darkness
in the general direction indicated, and at length, saw
a light in advance. Shaping their course toward it,
they soon arrived at the turning tree. There they
soon found that the distracted father's words were
but too true; the poor boy was indeed killed. A
large ash tree lay where it had fallen, directly across
the youth's head, which was crushed out of all
semblance of humanity, while his body was raised
from the ground by the pressure on his head.

It seems as they gathered from Hanley's broken
statements, and his subsequentutterances in a quieter
state, tliat he had persuaded his son to I'emciin and
hunt coons with him, instead of returning to Stearns'
that night. They had gone east a mile or two along
the line between townships six and seven (Olmstead
and Dover), and had then borne southward into the
former township. At length, the night being cold
and damp, they built a fire at the foot of a hollow
ash tree, and determined to wait for the moon. The
boy lay down ujion a grassy knoll a short distance
from the fii-e, while his father sat with his back to a
liickory tree in the opposite direction, and both soon
went to sleep.

An hour or so later the old man was awakened by
a tremendous crash, directly over his head. The
hollow ash had burned of and had fallen against the
hickory by which Hanley sat. The tough wood of
the latter bent before the blow and then recoiled with
such foi'ce that it threw the ash back in the opposite
direction, so as to fall directly across the head of the
sleeping boy. His father was so frightened and
horrified that he ran screaming into the woods en-
tirely at random, and by mere accident came out at
Mr. Stearns' clearins'.

When the four Americans saw the situation they
went to work with the axes which they had of course

brought with them to chop off the tree on each side
of the corpse. Mr. Stearns, however, was obliged to
devote himself to holding the lialf-crazy father to
keep him from running under the axes of the chop-
pcl-s in the fruitless attempt to extricate his child.
Beneath the sturdy blows of the pioneers tlie tree
was soon severed on either side, and the body taken
out. It was carried back to Stearns's, where it was
kept the remainder of the night and then taken to
Hauley's place in Ridgeville.

The accident happened in such a remarkable way
that it was long the subject of evening talk among
the pioneers of Olmstead.

After 1819 emigrants came in more rapidly than
before. Among those who came within the next five
years, besides those already named, were Isaac Frost,
Elias Frost, Zenas Barnum, Harry Barnum, Crosby
Baker, Horace F. Adams, Amos Wolf, Truman Wolf,
Christian Wolf, Charles Usher, Hezekiah Usher,
Eansom J. Adams, Hosea Bradford, H. G. Seekins,
Natrons Usher, Noble Hotchkiss, Thomas Briggs,
Otis Briggs, Alvah Stearns, Elijah Stearns^ Jr., Ves-
pasian Stearns, Elliott Stearns, Lyman Frost, Hosea
Bradford, Lucius Adams and A. G. E. Stearns. Be-
sides the six Stearns brothers who have been named,
a seventh, Sidney, began improvements in the town-
ship, but died in a short time afterward.

During this period Lemuel Hoadley and Ci'osby
Baker built the first gristmill and sawmill in the
township, on the west branch of Eocky river, just
above the junction with the east branch. A small
society of the Methodist Church was organized and
occasional meetings were held. Clearings were made
here and there in all parts of the townships except
the southwestern section, which was the last to be
settled.

Old Indian wigwams were still standing, and In-
dians frequently came and set their traps for the
various fur-bearing animals which still abounded.
D. J. Stearns found an old Indian sugar-bush on the
place afterward occupied by Mr. A. Tyler. Hither
the Indians were accustomed to come annually to
make sugar — or, rather, the squaws made the sugar
and the Indians ate it. They made sap-troughs out
of birch-bark, which they brought with them from
Sandusky, there being no birch in Olmstead. Kettles
to boil the sap in must have been procured from the
whites, but after they had "sugared ofE" they were
accustomed to make a great store-trough of the elm
bark, which would hold twelve or fifteen barrels.
Here the sugar was kept for common use, while the
tribe remained in that section; the remnant being
carried with them when they returned to Sandusky.

In the forepart of 1823 number six, in range fifteen,
was formed into a civil township by the name of
Lenox, and on the lith of April in that year it was
organized by the election of its first officers. The
principal of these were Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher
and Hosea Bradford, as trustees; D. J. Stearns, clerk,
and Isaac Frost, treasurer. Lenox continued in exist

olmstead.

48^

ence two years at this time. In 1835 it was cut in
twain, and the east half of it again attached to Mid-
dleburg, while the western portion was made a part
of Kidgeville, Lorain county.

This state of affairs continued two years more, when
the west half of the township was set back into Cuya-
hoga county, the two halves were united, and the
breath of municipal life was again breathed into the
defunct form of Lenox. The first election in the re-
suscitated township was held on the 18th of June,
1827, E. 0. Frost, Thomas Briggs and Harry Bar-
num being the judges of the election. As this is the
first complete list we have of officei's chosen in the
territory now constituting Olmstead, we give it en-
tire. Besides, it will show a good portion of those
who were residents of the township in 1837, as it
must have taken half of them to hold the offices.
The list is as follows:

Trustees, Truman "Wolf, Alvah Stearns and Blias
C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac 0.
Frost; constables, Joel B. Lawrence and Elliott
Stearns; overseers of the poor, John Barnum and
Elias P. Usher; fence viewers, Olden Thompson and
Harry Shults; supervisors of highways, Daniel Bun-
nel, Hezekiah Usher, H. P. Adams and Elliott
Smith. Besides these, Watrous Usher was a justice
of the peace. The first tax was half a mill on the
dollar. Immediately after the organization the town-
ship was divided into three school districts.

About this period Watrous Usher built a sawmill at
Olmstead Falls, being the first improvement at that
now thriving village.

By this time the rifles began to be a little too thick
even for the bears, which had previously flourished in
great abuudance. In fact, it seems as if Bruin was
more prosperous for several years after the advent of
the white man than he had been before; for in a short
time after his arrival, neai-ly every settler had fif-
teen or twenty hogs roaming through the woods, and
nothing suited better the taste of the beurs, who
killed and devoured great numbers of them.

But, as has been said, the rifles were getting too
thick for them. Our friend Stearns, whom we have
so often referred to, was not a "mighty hunter," hav-
ing observed that mighty hunters seldom made good
farmers. Like nearly everybody else, however, he
kept a rifle, and one day he loaned it (to hunt squir-
rels) to a youngster who was at work for him, who
seems not to have been very bright for a pioneer boy,
and who must have been a new-comer.

After hunting awile he found something in a hollow
tree, which he supposed to be a monstrous black squir-
rel. Sticking his rifle into the hollow, close to the
animal's head, he fired. The "black squirrel " came
out growling, and sorely wounded— not so badly, how-
ever, but that he could conquer and mangle terribly
the dog which was with the youngster, and which was
bold enough to attack him. Astonished and alarmed
at such obstreperous conduct on the part of a "black
squirrel," the youth made his way home as fast as pos-

sible. As soon as he saw his employer he cried out
(calling him by the name by which he was com-
monly known):

"Oh, Johnson! I seen the monstrousest biggest
black squirrel out in the woods that ever I seen in all
my born days."

Mr. Stearns directed him to describe this wonderful
squirrel, and immediately recognized it as a bear.
The next morning he and three of his friends started
out to slay the animal. Being piloted by the boy to
the tree before mentioned, they found it marked with
blood six feet from the ground, where the creature
had stood up and rubbed his wounded head against
it. The hunters began to think that they, too, were
mistaken as well as the boy, for the marks seemed to
indicate something rather too large even for a bear.

However, they followed the trail, which was plainly
marked with blood, for several miles, and at last came
up with the " squirrel." They found it to be a bear,
but the largest one, Mr. Stearns says, which he ever
saw in all his pioneer experience. One of the party
shot and killed him, and it was then found that the
bullet of the blundering boy had passed through his
nose and broken one of his jaws.

After 1830 the bears rapidly disappeared. Deer,
however, remained, though in constantly decreasing
numbers, and occasionally one was to be seen as late
as the building of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cin-
cinnati railroad. Wild turkeys, too, abounded, even
to a still later period, and the number of their bodies
yearly brought to the tables of the settlers might at
one time have been counted by hundreds.

For two ye:.rs after the second organization of
Lenox, the township continued to bear that name.
During the year 1839, however, Mr. Charles H. Olm-
stead, who had become the owner of the north part of
it as the heir of Aaron Olmstead, deceased, offered to
make the people a present of a library if they would
change the name of Lenox to Olmstead. The offer
was accepted at a township meeting, the name was
duly changed by the proper authorities, and the libra-
ry was duly presented. The first election under the
name of Olmstead was held in 1830.

In 1831 four young men, brothers, by the name of
Fitch, settled in the central part of the township, and
these were followed a year or two later by three more.
These seven brothers were Chester, Eli, Horace,
Chauucey, Elisha, Daniel and Sandford Fitch. The
families planted by them and by the Stearns brothers
have grown and flourished mightily, and from that
day to this Olmstead has been celebrated for its
Fitches and its Stearnses; it being almost impossible
to find a list of Olmstead men associated in political,
religious or social life which did not contain some
members of both those families.

It was about this period (1830) that Major Hoadley
and his son-in-law, John Barnum, built a sawmill on
Plum creek at Olmstead Falls. Barnum moved
thither to attend to the business, and as there was no
house he proceeded to make one in short order. He

488

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA OOtTNTY.

cut down a large whitewood tree near the bank of
the creek, and this formed one end of his house. A
few smaller logs were laid up, some saplings placed
on top to support a temporary roof and the mansion
was complete. However, Mr. Barnum speedily con-
structed a more commodious residence. His son,
Luther Barnum, a well-known citizen of Olmstead
Falls, was then a year old.

Uriah Kilpatrick soon after built a little "packet"
gristmill, also on Plum creek. Both the mill and its
owner were of a slow and easy nature, and the pa-
tience of his customers was sometimes severely tried.
A poor fellow named Powell, sharp enough naturally,
but with shattered intellect, who used to string verses
together for the ediiication of people, once applied to
Mr. Barnum, who was a justice of the peace, for a
warrant against Kilpatrick for some imaginaiy of-
fense. Barnum refused it, but to divert Powell's
mind told him he might make some verses against
the oifender, which would be just as effective as a
warrant. The rhymester, desirous to hit the justice
as well as the miller, studied a few moments, and de-
livered himself as follows:

" Iron beetles are seldom found,
But basswood justices here abound.
On the banks of Rocky river
Tall Kilpatrick's nose doth quiver;
There he sits in his slow mill,
Which most folks think is standing still.''

Kilpatrick's little mill was kept up ten or twelve
years and then abandoned. Hoadley & Barker's
gristmill, down near the junction, was transferred to
Loyal Peck, but this, too, has long since ceased to
exist. Shortly after Kilpatrick, Peter Kidney built
a gristmill on the river, below the mouth of Plum
creek.

N. P. Loomis, who came to Olmstead Falls in 1834,
says there was then no road cut through the village;
nothing but a path along the river bank. The main
road, however, was "slashed out," but was not ready
for use. Where the Union school house now stands
was a frog pond, and there were only six houses on
the ground now occupied by the village.

Some of the pioneers had made a practice of keep-
ing travelers when necessary, but it was not until
about this period that there was a regular hotel in the
township. It was kept by William l{omp, who erected
a large framed building for the purpose, near the
river, below Butternut Ridge. He also carried on
the first store in the township, at the same point, ex-
cept, perchance, a few goods kept for sale in the
houses of settlers.

It was about 1835 that the first church edifice was
erected in the township. It was a union church,
built by the Presbyterians, Methodists and Universal-
ists, each denomination raising what they could, and
the time which each was allowed to occupy it being
in proportion to the amount subscribed. It was sub-
sequently used as a town house, being located at what
was called town-house corners, some two miles north
of Olmstead Falls. It was used for that purpose

until about 1849, when the town business was re-
moved to Olmstead Falls.

The first Sunday-school in the township was estab-
lished on Butternut Ridge in 1833 or '34. The ridge
was settled by a very enterprising, wide-awake set of
people, and all intellectual and moral improvements
found ready encouragement at their hands. As early
as 1837 a lyceum, or debating school, was formed in
school district number one, toward the east end of the
ridge, being the first institution of the kind in the
township. Something of that class has been main-
tained there almost ever since, and we will have some-
thing more to say of it a little farther on.

Meanwhile the township was rapidly assuming the
outward garb of civilization. The clearings on each
farm, at first small, were extended so as to include
the larger part of the area; log houses gave place to
frames, pumps appeared instead of the picturesque
but inconvenient well-sweeps which were previously
seen in every door-yard, and a hundred minor changes
indicated by the end of the first half of the century
that the pioneer period had changed into the farming
period. Yet deer were still sometimes seen in the
southwest part of the township, and occasionally one
strayed into other sections, and the young men had
not lost the skill of their fathers, so but that they
were soon out iu arms to make venison of the unlucky
intruder.

In 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati
railroad was built through the southeast part of the
township. This gave a still greater impetus to settle-
ment, and the last of the wild animals soon disap-
peared before the shriek of the locomotive. In Jan-
uary, 1853, the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland rail-
road (now a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern) was opened for use; running almost exactly
east and west in a straight line through the center of
the township.

Villages grew up around the two depots; that on
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapo-
lis road being called West View, while that on the
Lake Shore road retained its old name of Olmstead
Falls. On the 7th of April, 1856, the latter village
was incorporated under that name, although at its
first election only twenty-six votes were cast. The
next year the embryo village of Plum Creek was
added to Olmstead Falls; making a town which cov-
ered a very large area in proportion to its population,
but which has been steadily though slowly filling up
ever since. West View is a smaller village, a store,
two or three shops and about thirty houses. In 1856
the basement of the Methodist church at Olmstead
Falls was purchased by the township for a town house,
at a cost of two hundred and fifty dollars.

The part taken by the soldiers of Olmstead in the
war for the Union is told in the records of the Cuya-
hoga county regiments, in the general history of the
county. Since the war the history of the township
has been uneventful, as is tlie case with most farming
communities, after the close of the pioneer era. The

OLMSTEAD.

489

most importaut event has been the opening of quar-
ries of building stone along the banks of Eocky river,
of the same quality as the celebrated Berea stone,
which is taken out only a few miles distant.

A quarry was opened near "West View in 1870,
which has been successfully carried on ever since. It
employs about twenty five hands, and a railroad has
been built to carry the stone from the quarry to West
View station. Two quarries were also opened at 01m-
stead Palls, and for five or six years employed fifty
men each, but were closed in 1876. The following is
a list of the various business places, shops, etc., at the
Falls; General stores, four; drug stores, two; tailor
shop, one; blacksmiths' shops, three; shoe shops,
three; tin shop, one; grist mill, one; broom factory,
one; felloe shop, one: lumberyard, one. The popula-
tion of the village is about seven hundred.

We will now give some sketches and statistics which
could not well be incorporated in the general story of
the township.

THE UNITERSALIST CHUKCH (BUTTERNUT EIDGB).

This church was organized by Eev. Harlow P. Sage
as early as 1834, being one of the first Universalist
churches in this section. Eev. Stephen Hull was the
first minister, and preached from that time some
twelve or fifteen years. He was succeeded by Eev.
Isaac E. Henry, who ofiiciated about ten years. As
before stated the Universalists, soon after the forma-
tion of the society, united with the Methodists and
Presbyterians in building a union house of worship.
In 1847 they erected one of their own; a commodious
framed edifice on Butternut Eidge, which has ever
since been occupied by them.

After Mr. Henry the pulpit was occupied in suc-
cession by Messrs. Tillotson, French, Shipman, Sykes,
Eice, Weeks and Canfield. In 1878 a lady, the Eev.
Mrs. Danfortli, was called to the pastorate, which she
has since acceptably filled. The church now numbers
a little over sixty members. It was legally organized
in 1868. Its present trustees are Buel Stearns, Jona-
than Carpenter and John Foster.

THE WBSLETAN METHODIST CHURCH (WEST VIEW).

This society was formed on the fourth day of April,
1843; the first members, whose names are preserved,
being Eansom Bronson and Harriet M., his wife;
John Adams and Maria, his wife; Lucius Adams and
Electa, his wife; Mary Banarce and Sarah Banarce.
James Pearson and William Beeham were then the
circuit preachers. The organization was called Hoad-
ley's Mills church, or station, until 1861, when it re-
ceived the name of West View. Frem such records
as can be found we learn that in 1863 the ministers on
the circuit were A. W. Sanders, W. B. Moody and G.
C. Hicks; in 1864 and '65, B. D. Fink; in 1866 and
'67, Thomas F. Hicks; in 1868, '69 and '70, J. Nettle-
ton; in 1871, '72 and '73, J. B. Carroll; in 1874, '75
and '76, J. Nettleton; in 1877, William Snell; in 1878,
William Moody.

The stewards are H. Walkden, Joseph Eeed and J.
Case; the clerk and treasurer, 0. P. Smith; the trus-
tees, E. Bronson, T. Price, J. Adams, A. J. Pickard
and B. Euple. Since 1865 the church has been a part
of Eocky Eiver circuit (previously of Strongsville),
which is composed of West View and North Olmstead
churches.

KORTH 0LMS7'EAD CHURCH (WESLEYAN METHODIST).

The church edifice belonging to this society is situ-
ated in the extreme northeast corner of the township
of Olmstead, but its congregation comes principally
from Eockport and Dover. Its ministers since 1865
have been the same as those above given as officiating
at West View.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (OLMSTEAD FALLS).

There had been early preaching by the Methodists
in Olmstead, but no society was regularly organized
until 1843. From that time forward services were
punctually held, and in 1851 the present framed
church building was erected at Olmstead Palls. The
latter preachers, who are all whose names we can ob-
tain, have been Uriah Eichards, in 1872, '73 and '74;
Banias Ushower, in 1875 and '76; James Burleson, in
1878.

The trustees are Lester Bradford, Charles Monks,
Chauncey Fitch, William Butlin, Asahel Osborn.
The stewards are the same, with, the addition of
David Wright and Freeman Bradford. The church
is now a part of Olmstead and Columbia circuit.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (ON BUTTERNUT RIDGE).

The church edifice occupied by this society was
oi'iginally built for the use of the Methodists over
thirty years ago. In the course of time, however,
most of the members of that denomination in that
vicinity died or moved away, and in 1872 the build-
ing was transferred to the Congregationalists, who
have since held regular services in it. The first
pastor was H. 0. Johnson, who remained one year;

B. P. Clisbee, one year; Westervelt, one and

a half years; D. M. Bosworth, one and a half years;
Eichard Grosvenor, one year; and Eev. John Patchin,
who began his services in 1878. The deacons are
Eichard Carpenter, James Garrison, Mr. Youngs and
Benjamin Salisbury. The church is now in a pros-
perous condition and numbers about fifty members.

ST. mart's church (catholic).

In the year 1855 Father Louis Filiere organized St.
Mary's Church, and the same year the congregation
erected the commodious churcli-edifice at Olmstead
Falls. Fatlier Filiere remained in charge as priest
until 1874. He was succeeded by Father Edward J.
Murphy, who remained until 1876, when he gave
place to Father James M. CuUen, the present incum-
bent. The church-building was originally erected in
the north part of the village, but has been moved to
a pleasant site in the southern portion. A stone

490

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTf .

parsonage stands near it, and there is also a school-
hov^se, in which a school has been kept for the last
few years. The councilmen are John Dalton, Patrick
McCarty and Joseph Ward. There are now about
forty families connected with the church.

FIBST COITGEEGATIONAL CHURCH (OLMSTBAD FALLS).

This was the first church organized in the town-
ship, of which any record is preserved, the date of
its formation being the 16th day of April, 1835.
The first members were Mary Ann Fitch, Jerusha
Loomis, Cynthia House, Catharine ISTelson, Abner N.
Nelson, Sylvester Nelson, Sumner W. Nelson, William
Wood, Mary Ann Wood, Eachel Wait, Emeline
Spencer, Lydia Cune, Jotham How, Anna S. How,
Harriet Dryden, Esther E. Kennedy.

The fortunes of the church have been very change-
ful; some of the time no pastor has been employed,
and still more of the time no records have been pre-
served. It was at first connected with the Cleveland
presbytery, but soon after joined the Congregational
associatioiu Eev. Israel Mattison was the first
regular pastor, beginning his services in 1831.
Among those who have followed him have been Eev.
James Steele in 1844; Eev. 0. W. White in 1854;
Eev. E. P. Clisbee in 1857; Eev. Z. P. Disbrow, at
various times from 1863 to 1870; Eev. Q. M. Bos-
worth in 1876; Eev. Eichard Grogan in 1877; Eev.
John Patchin in 1878. The church building was
erected in 1848. The trustees are Hugh Kyle, 0. W.
Kendall and N. P. Loomis.

OLMSTEAD FALLS UJSTIOH" SCHOOL.

This very creditable institution has about a hun-
dred and fifty scholars, and is graded in three depart-
ments, primary, intermediate and high school, though
sometimes only two teachers are employed. The
school-house, a very fine brick building for a village
of that size, two stories high, with ample and con-
venient rooms, was erected in 1874.

LTCBUM, SCHOOL, ETC., IST DISTRICT NO. ONE.

As we have stated in the general sketch of the
township, a lyceum, or debating school, was organized
in this district in 1837, and the people of "the
Eidge " were somewhat noted for their fondness for
whatever intellectual exercises could be indulged in
in a secluded situation. In 1852, on the occasion of
building a new school-house in district No. 1, eight
young men and boys put their loose change together,
bought the old house, and moved it on to the land of
V. and B. Stearns to be used as a meeting-place for
the lyceum. It was used for that purpose until 1860.
The Good Templars were then given the use of it,
and occupied it about fifteen years. In 1878 it was
transferred to the district board of education, and is
now used for the higher department of the grade
school which has been organized in district No. 1.

OLMSTBAD FALLS VILLAGE.

First election April 7, 1856. Officers elected:
Thomas Brown, mayor; Wm. S. Carpenter, recorder;
H. S. Howe, N. P. Loomis, William W. Smith, Thos.
Broadwell and George C. Knight, trustees.

List of Mayors: Wm. S. Carpenter, 1856 and '57
Wm. Giddings, (ChauceyMead elected in May) 1858
0. W. Kendall, 1859 and '60; N. P. Loomis, 1861
John Lay, 1862; Elisha Fitch, (W. S. Carpenter
elected in May) 1863; D. H. Oottrell, 1864; 0. W.
Kendall, 1865; H. K. Minor, 1866 and '67; L. B.
Adams, 1869, '70 and '71; Luther Barnnm, 1873, '73
'74 and '75; L. B. Adams, 1876 and '77; re-elected
for two years in 1878.

PEINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

(so FAR AS THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS).

1823. (Lenox) Trustees, Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher, Hosea Brad-
ford; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac Frost.

1824. Not recorded.

182.5 and '36. Township annulled and divided.

1827. (Lenox reorganized.) Trustees, Truman Wolf, Alvah Stearns,
Elias C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Steams; treasurer, Isaac Frost; overseers of
the poor, John Barnum, Elias P. Usher.

1828. (Lenox) Trustees, Davis Ross, Alvah Stearns, Lucius Adams;
clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Thomas Briggs; overseers of the poor,
E. C. Frost, H. Bradford.

1829. (Lenox) Trustees, D. Ross, A. Stearns, L. Adams; clerk, D. J.
Stearns; treasurer, Buel Peck; overseers of the poor, Peter Romp, Ar-
dello Harris.

1830. (Olmstead) Trustees, Noble Hotchkiss, Davis Ross, Vespasian
Stearns; clerk, D. J. Stearns (declined, and Jonas Clisbee appointed);
treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Jonathan
Thompson.

1831. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Elliott Smith, Amos Briggs; clerk,
Jonas Clisbee; treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost,
Thomas Briggs.

1832. Trustees, A. Briggs, J. Barnum, John Kennedy; clerk, J. Clisbee;
treasurer, John Adams.

1833. Trustees, J. Kennedy, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter; clerk, J.
Clisbee; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, D. Ross, George
Keeler.

1834. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, N. Hotchkiss, L. Adams: clerk, Orson
Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, Elliot Stearns, J.
Adams.

1835. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, William Wood, Nelson Hoadley; clerk,
O. Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, N. Hotchkiss,
J. Carpenter.

1836. Trustees, William Wood, Jonas Clisbee, Hiram Frisbee; clerk,
0. Spencer ; treasurer, Nahum Rice ; overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs,
Cyrus P. Dryden.

1837. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Vespasian Stearns, Nelson Hoadley;
treasurer, Hiram B. Gleason; clerk, Chester Phillips; overseers of the
poor, William Wood, Nahum Rice.

1838 Trustees, Peter Kidney, Vespasian Stearns, John Kennedy;
clerk, Jotham Howe; treasuier, H. B. Gleason; overseers of the poor,
J. Carpenter, Sanford Fitch.

1889. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Sanford Fitch, John Kennedy; clerk,
A. W. Ingalls; treasurer, Jotham Howe; overseers of the poor, O. W.
Hotchkiss, Abner Nelson.

1840. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Chauncey Fitch, William Wood;
clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseers of the poor,
John Carpenter, Alden Thompson.

1841. Trustees, John Kennedy, Horace F. Adams, Chauncey Fitch;
clerk, J. Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseer of the poor, Amos
Thompson.

1842. Trustees, H. Frisbee, J. Kennedy, S. Fitch; clerk, Chester Phil-
lips; treasurer, Hiram Gleason; overseers of the poor, E. Fitch, N. B.

1843. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch; clerk, C.
Phillips; treasurer, E. Fitch: overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Orson
Spencer; assess*, D. J. Stearns.

1814. Trustees, John Kennedy, Elhott Stearns, Josep'i S. Allen; clerk,
C. Phillips; treasurer, WiUiam Romp; overseers of the poor, H. B.
Gleason, J. N. Lawrence; assessor, John Barnum.

1845. Trustees, Ohver Weldon, C. Fitch, E. Fitch; clerk, 0. Phillips;
treasurer, Wm. Romp; assessor, J. Kennedy; overseers of the poor, N.
B. Gage, E. Ktoh.

ORAISTGE.

491

1848. Trustees, Caleb Cook, Elisha Fitch, Geo. MoKillip; clerk, G.
Phillips; treasurer, J. Kennedy; assessor, D. J. Stearns.

1847. Trustees, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch, John Carpenter; clerk, Jotham
Howe; treasurer, Newton P. Loomis; assessor, V. Stearns.

1848. Trustees, H. K. Miner, Amos Briggs, D. J. Stearns ; clerk, J. B.
Henry; treasurer, Thomas F. Husted; assessor, Chester Phillips.

1849. Trustees, Eli Fitch, John Kennedy, Norman Dutcher; clerk, J.
E. Henry; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips.

1850. Trustees, Buel Steams, Chauncey Fitch, Alanson Tilly; clerk,
Elliott Stearns; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips.

1851. Trustees, Samuel Daniels, Elias P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk,
Geo. W. Thompson ; treasurer, William Eomp ; asses.'jor, Chauncey Fitch.

1852. Trustees, Samuel Daniels, E, P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, G.
W. Thompson; treasurer, Wm. Eomp; assessor, C. Fitch.

1853. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Peter Kidney, John Ames; clerk, G. W.
Thompson; treasurer, J. Howe; assessor, C. Fitch.

18B4. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Chauncey Mead, Harvey Barnum; clerk,
G. W. Thompson; assessor, Chauncey Fitch.

1855. Trustees, Cyrus P. Di-jden, Harvey Barnum, Eli Fitch; clerk,
A. G. HoUister; treasurer, Henry S. Howe; assessor. C. C. Fitch.

1856. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch, Thomas Brown, Buel Stearns; clerk,
N. H. Loomis; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; assessor, Francis Fitch.

1857. Trustees, C. Fitch, T. Brown, B. Stearns; clerk, N. P. Loomis;
treasurer, E. Fitch ; assessor, F. Fitch.

1858. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, James P. Rice, C. E. Vaughn;
clerk, Jas. H. Strong; treasurer, N. P. Loomis; assessor, C. C. Fitch.

1869. Trustees, C. E. Vaughn, Lewis Short, Charles Carpenter; clerk,
J. H. Strong; treasui-er, Eastman Bradford; assessor, Buel Stearns.

1800. Trustees, Henry Eomp, O. C. Lawience, Eli Fitch; clerk, Rich-
ard Pollard; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; assessor, C. C Fitch.

1861. Trustees, Calvin Geer, Luther Barnum, J. W. Fitch; clerk, O.
W. Kendall; treasurer, C. P.'Dryden; assessor, Newell Nelson.

1862, Trustees. J. W. Fitch, H. Romp, Benoni Bartlett; clerk. John
G. B'itch; trt-asui-er. Elisha Fitch; assessor, Buel Stearns.

186.'). Trustees, S. W. Fitch, H. Hofttyzer, Benj. Salisbui y ; clerk, John
G. Fitch; treasurer, William W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson.

1864. Trustees, J. G. Fitch, G. W. Kennedy, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, N.
P. Loomis; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson.

1865. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch, C. C, Fitch. Wm. Busby ; clerk, J. G.
Fitch ; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead.

1866. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Calvin Geer, Charles S. Underbill;
clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, G. W. Kennedy.

1867. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Newman Pickard, Charles C.
Fitch; clerk, J. G, Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner
Stearns.

1868. Trustees, C. C. Fitch, Benoni Bartlett, Lester B radford; clerk,
AsahelOsbom; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns.

1869. Trustees, O. P. Smith, J, R. Ruple, Elisha Fitch; clerk. Asahel
Osborn; treasurer. W. W. Mead; assessor, James E, Shaw.

1870. Trustees, Calvin Geer, David H. Barnard, Benj, Salisbury; clerk,
A, Osborn; treasurei-, W. W. Mead; assessor, E. T. Elliot,

1871. Trustees, B. Salisbury, Lester Bradford, O. P. Smith; clerk, J.
G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor. Gardner Stearns.

1872. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, Wm. J. Camp; clerk,
Heniy Northrop; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Joel Hall.

1873. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, M. E. Baker; clerk, E,
Pollard; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, E. T. Elliot.

1874 Trustees, Wm. J. Camp, Jas. Hicky, Wm. Busby; clerk, Rich-
ard Pollard ; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead ; assessor, Lawrence Bramle.y.

1875. Trustees, Wm. Busby, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; cltrk,
Henry Northrop; treasurer, Geo. R. Dryden; assessor, Lawrence
Bramley.

1876. Trustees, Clayton !-harp, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; clerk,
Henry Northrop ; treasurer, G. B , Dryden ; assessor, Henry Romp.

1877. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, John Hull; clerk,
J. G. Fitch; treasurer, G, B. Dryden; assessor. G. W. Kennedy.

1878. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, William Daniels;
clerk, W. D. Bennett; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby.

1879. Trustees. Clayton Sharp, W , F. Williams, W. W. Darrald ; clerk_
W. D. Bennett; treasurer, George B. Diyden; assessor, Erastus Libby.

David Jolmsoii Stearns, the subject of our sketch,

was born; he being the second of eleven children.

In 1815 David J. Stearns emigrated to Ohio, and

settled on " Butternut Ridge," in Kingston, now

DAVID JOHNSON STEARNS.

Eliphalet Stearns was of English descent, and was
a captiiin in the American forces during the Revolu-
tion. His son Elijah, a native of Massachusetts,
served with him, acting at first as his servant, but
being afterward promoted to a lieutenancy, in which
capacity he rendered zealous service in the cause of
liberty. After his discharge at the close of the war,
he located at Dover, Vermont, where in the year 1793

Olmstead, where he bought a tract of land, and cut
the first tree, for the purpose of improvement, that
was felled on the ridge. In February, 1819, he was
married to Polly Barnum, of Pernsburg, Vermont,
by whom he had eight children.

Mr. Stearns was elected town clerk in 1823, and
held the office for seven years without remuneration.
In 1831 he was elected township trustee, serving two
years, and he also acted as assessor one year. Politi-
cally he has always been a Democrat. In religion he
is a Univeralist, having been a member of that
church sixteen years. Mr. Stearns remains a fair
representa,tive of pioneer days, contented to have been
a successful farmer, free from ostentation, and de-
voted to the best interests of the people around him.
Being in fair health and good spirits, he enjoys life
even in his old age, and the burden of his eighty-six
years, rests very lightly upon him.

CHAPTER LXXXI.

OEAWGE.

Date of Settlement^Thomas King in 1818— Names of those then there-
Description of the Township— Organization— First OtHcers — List of
Voters in 1820— Seth Mapes— Amos Boynton— Dr, Witter— Ralph Arnold
— No Mills, nor Stores — Abram Garfield— James A. Garfield— The First
Store— Formation of Chagrin Falls— Area taken from Orange— Pro-
gressive Changes— Present Situation— Cheese Factories— Mills— Stores
—Methodist Church at the Center— Methodist Church on the Hill-
Bible Christian Church— North Orange Disciple Church— South Orange
Disciple Church— Free Will Baptist Church— Principal Township
Officers.

Immediately after the close of the war of 1812-15,
a few emigrants moved into township seven, range

492

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ten, of the Western Eesene, the greater part of
which is now comprised in the civil township of
Orange. The first who located himself in township
ten, wasSerenns Bnrnet, who settled on the Chagrin
river in 1815, but he was in that part which has since
been included in the township of Chagrin Falls.
We a]-e unable to fix with absolute certainty the exact
date of the first arrival in that portion of number
ten which now belongs to Orange, but believe it to
have been in 1816. To a greater extent than in most
townships, the old settlers of Orange have passed
by death and emigration. Its oldest surviving pioneer
is now Mr. Thomas King, of Orange Hill, whom we
have consulted in regard to the early history of the
township, but whose unfortunate and extreme deaf-
ness made it impossible to obtain more than the most
meager details.

Mr. King settled where he now i-esides in 1818.
The only residents of the present township of Orange
which he found at that time, were the families of
Jesse Kimball, Eufus Parsons, John White and
Theron White, all being on tlie high ground in the
north part of the township. These families had been
there at least one year at that time, and some of them
he thinks two years; which is the reason why we fix
the year 1816 as the probable date of the first settle-
ment in the present township of Orange.

The western part of that township was composed of
the narrow valley of the Chagrin river, running al-
most due north across it. Separated from this valley
by a high, steep hill was a broad extent of high land,
known as Orange Hill, comprising nearly all the
northern part of the township. The land descended
gradually to the south, and the portion south of the
central line was only of moderate hight, but was yet
composed of dry and somewhat broken ground, free
from every suspicion of swampiness. U'he soil was
gravelly, with some clay, and, when covered with its
native, heavy growth of beech, maple, oak, elm, etc.,
presented a more alluring appearance to the pioneers
than some more fertile regions, made unwholesome
by frequent swamps and miasmatic exhalations. As
has been observed, all the first settlers located on the
Hill, evidently determined to secure a healthful situa-
tion as the first consideration.

The newcomers went to work zealously, making
clearings around their cabins, planting, sowing and
reaping grain while the stumps still showed the marks
of the axe, and obtaining ample supplies of wild mut-
ton and woodland pork from the deer and bear which
abounded on all sides of them. Several other settlers
came during 1818 and 1819, and in the spring of 1820
it was determined to have a new civil township. The
requisite order was made by the county commission-
ers on the 7th of June in that year: the name of
"Orange" was selected for the new township, which
then comprised survey- townships six and seven in
range ten, being the whole of the present Solon and
Orange, and the greater part of Chagrin Falls.
The first election was held at the house of Daniel

E. Smith, on the 27th of the same month, when
the following officers were chosen: Trustees, Eber
M. Waldo, Caleb Litch, Edmund Mallet; clerk,
David Sayler; treasurer, D. E. Smith; lister, EberM.
Waldo; appraiser, Lawrence Huff; overseers of the
poor, Thomas King, Serenus Burnet; fence viewers,
William Weston, Seruyn Cleaveland; supervisors of
highways, E. Mallet, Eufus Parsons, Caleb Litch,
Thomas Eobinson. These were all residents of snr-
vey-township number seven, as number six was not
settled until the fall of that year, and all but the Bur-
nets, and possibly one or two others, resided in the
present township of Orange.

Although we have been somewhat troubled about
learning the facts in relation to the very first settle-
ment, we have been very fortunate in ascertaining the
condition of the township at a little later period; for
the first town-book shows in the record for 1822, a full
list of those who cast their votes at the election ou
the 20th of May of that year. These were as follows:
Peter Gardinier, Jonathan Covey, Edward Covey,
Jesse Kimball, Jacob Gardinier, Isaac Safler, Sylva-
nus L. Simpson, William Weston, Caleb Alvord, Na-
thaniel Goo Jspeed, Thomas King, Seruyn Cleaveland,
Lewis Northrop, Clarimond Herriman, Benjamin
Jenks, Nathaniel Sherman, Joseph Watson, Amaziah
Northrop, Daniel E. Smith, Jacob Hutchins, Jedediah
Buxton, Daniel S. Tyler, Asa Woodward, Silas T.
Dean, Ansel Jerome, Luman Gris wold, Serenus Burnet,
Ephraim Towne, Benjamin Hardy, Cornelius Mills-
paugh, Abel Stafford, Caleb Fitch, John G. White,
James Fisher.

The whole number was thirty-six. Besides these
there were several whose names have previously been
given, and who were evidently absent from the' polls,
so that there must have been between forty and fifty
voters in the township; indicating a population of
about three hundred inhabitants. The three or four
settlers in the south part of number six, who then
constituted the whole population of the present town-
ship of Solon were evidently of the unanimous opin-
ion that it was not worth their while to go so far
through the woods to election, for none of their names
appear on the list. From 1822 the increase of popu-
lation seems to have been decidedly slow during several
years; for in 1828 only thirty votes were cast.

Seth Mapes settled in the south part of the town-
ship in 1827, where his son, John D. Mapes, was long
a prominent citizen. In 1829 Amos Boyntou, who
had been a resident of the county (in Newburg) since
1818, located himself about a mile and a half south
of Orange Center, on the farm still occupied by his
widow and his son, Mr. H. B. Boynton. Mrs. Boyn-
ton states that when they came, the township was
still almost a wilderness. The road running north
and south through the center had been laid out but
ha,d not been worked. Dr. Witter was then prac-
ticing medicine at Orange Center, where he had
been for two or three years, being the first physician
in the township.

OEANGE.

493

The same year, 1829, Ralph Arnold settled in the
locality, where he has since resided, in the southwest
part of the township, he being now one of the oldest
of the "old settlers." There was then no store,
hotel nor mill in the present township, though there
had been a very poor little gristmill on the river,
which had been speedily abandoned. Most of the
settlers took their grain to be ground at a little log
mill, situated near the present village of Chagrin
Falls. Deer were still numerous in the forest, and
"the wolf's long howl" nightly menaced danger to
any sheep which should be found outside of a
well-fenced yard.

In 1824 Abrani Garfield, a half-brother of Amos
Boynton, settled on the farm adjoining that of the
latter, and there, in the year 1831, while the primeval
forest still 'stood close around his father's log cabin, was
born a child destined to become, before reaching the
age of fifty years, one of the foremost statesmen of
America — James A. Garfield. A youth spent amid
the hardships of pioneer days strengthened his phys-
ical frame without cramping his mind, and from the
time he left his father's farm in early youth until the
present date, whether in military or civil life; whether
as preacher, college-president, general, politician or
statesman, his career has been one of almost uninter-
rupted success.

The first store in Orange was established near where
the " Bible Christian " church now stands, west of
the center, about 1835. It was kept up three or four
years. About the time it was closed, a Mr. Bymont
opened a store on the town-line of Warrensville,
which was maintained about the same length of time
as the other one. By this time the village of Cha-
grin Falls was doing a considerable business, and the
farmers of Orange generally went thither to do their
trading, except when they visited the growing city of
Cleveland.

In the year 1845 the township of Chagrin Falls was
formed, embracing, (besides a part of Solon and
Geauga county) all that part of Orange comprised in
the first division of tract number three except lots
one, two and three in that division. The area of the
section thus taken from Orange lacked a trifle of two
and a half square miles; leaving a little over twenty-
two and a half square miles within the boundaries of
that township.

Since that time Orange has contained nothing that
could be called even a small village. Its existence
has passed in the peaceful pursuits of a thoroughly
agricultural community. Its annals are therefore, of
necessity, brief. Between 1840 and 1850 occurred
the principal part of the change which must always
take place in every new country when the log houses
give way to framed ones, and the section passes from
the pioneer period to the farming period. Only a
few log houses lingered after 1850.

When treason assailed the nation's life the sons of
Orange did their full part with the rest of the soldiers
of Cuyahoga county, and their names will be found

among those of their respective regiments in the gen-
eral history of the county.

Since the war the township has been largely de-
voted to dairying, and there are now three cheese
factories in it; that of J. P. Whitlam, at Orange Cen-
ter; that of M. A. Lander, about two miles southwest
of the center, and that of David Sheldon on Chagrin
river, two miles east of the center. The steam saw-
mills of James Graham near Chagrin river and close
to the township of Chagrin Falls, and that of John
Stoneman a mile west of the center are the only man-
ufacturing establishments in the township.

Orange Center consists of a small store, three or
four houses, a Methodist church and a post office.
North Solon post office, notwithstanding its name, is
also situated in Orange township, half a mile east
from its southwest corner. A store was opened there
in 1860 by Mr. Elbridge Morse. In 1863 he sold it to
G. G. Arnold, the present proprietor, who had for
three or four years previously been keeping a store
near the residence of his father, Ralph Arnold.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (GRANGE CENTER).

This church was organized in 1839. The first
members were P. C. Gordon, Mary A. Gordon, Henry
Gordon, Alanson Smith, Henrietta Smith, Jesse Luce,
Sophia H. Luce, Sophia Weller, Reese Bowel, Mar-
garet Bowel, William Case, William Lander, Mary A.
Lander, Caroline Lander, Ansel Lander, Abigail Lan-
der, Clarissa Hennessy, Ferris Thorp, Sarah Garden-
ier, J. J. Hennessy, William Henuessy. Henry Gor-
don was the first class-leader.

Rev. Mr. Halleck was the first pastor. Meetings
were held at the school-house and at the residence of
members until 1868, when the present neat framed
edifice was erected. There are now about seventeen
members. The following have been the pastors since
Mr. Halleck, on this circuit, with the years in which
their services began, as fully as could be ascertained
from the scanty records: William P. Wilson and
Hiram Kellogg, 1841; Timothy Goodwin and Lorer-

zo Rogers ; S. C. Freer andR. H. Hurlbut, 1849;

Lake, 1852; E. Lattamore and Benjamin Excell,

1853; William Patterson and S. Reynolds, 1854;
William Patterson and A. Fonts, 1855; WiUiam Lum
and J. B. Hammond, 1857; Thomas Gray, 1858;
Hiram Kellogg, 1859; Cyril Wilson, 1860; M. Wil-
liams, 1862; J. K. Mendenhall, 1863; Albert Norton,
1865; Rev. Mr. Warner, 1867; Rev. Mr. Brown, 1869;
Rev. Mr. RadclifEe, 1870; Robert Gray, 1871; Hiram
Kellogg, 1872; Rev. Mr. Darrow, 1875; Samuel Col-
lins, 1876; George Johns, 1877; F. L. Chalk, 1878.

THE METHODIST CHURCH ON ORANGE HILL.

Preaching was held there by the Methodists as
early as 1830. A small church was organized, and
in 1847 a framed house of worship was erected. The
church edifice belongs to Warrensville circuit, which
also includes the one at Orange Center, and when there
has been preaching on the hill, it has been by the

494

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ministers named above, in the sketch of the church
at the center. There are now but a small number of
members on the ]]ill, and the services are not nu-
merous.

THB BIBLE CHRISTrAN- CHURCH.

A " Protestant Methodist" church was organized
among the people of the central part of Orange as
early as 1840, or before. After a time the members
largely adopted the views of the •' Bible Christian
sect/' and the church was reorganized under that
name. About 1848 a small church building was
erected, wliere the cemetery now is, a mile west of
Orange Center. Here the congregation worshiped
until 1865, when the present more commodious edi-
fice was built, a httle west of the former location.

The system of the " Bible Christians " is very much
the same as that of the Methodists, and this church
was in the same circuit with Chagrin Falls until 1873,
when it was connected in a circuit with two
churches in Warren sville. Eev. George Pippin was
the first Bible Christian preacher who oflSciated in
Orange. He was followed by Eev. Messrs. Hodge,
Roach, Pinch, Hooper, Colwell, Wicket, Chapel,
Tethna, Johns, etc. Eev. George Johns was pastor
from 187-3 to 1876; Rev. George Bodle from 1876 to
1878; and Rev. Herman Moon became pastor in 1878.

THE NORTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

This church was formed on the 38th day of July,
1845, with fifteen members. The first elders were
William T. Hutchinson and Ira Rutherford. For
about fifteen years the church flourished, and tlie
number of members increased to thirty, but during
and since the war they have largely migrated to otlier
parts, and the oi'ganization has been broken up.

SOUTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

This was formed on the 2nd day of March, 1845.
Amos Boynton and Z. Smith were the first overseers.
Like tlie Noj-th Orange church, it flourished for a
time, but emigration and other causes were too power-
ful disorganizers to be successfully withstood.

THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH.

The members of this organization reside in Orange
and Solon, mostly in the vicinity of the hue between
tlie two townships. There were services held by
preachers of this faith for many years before the
church was organized, which event occurred on the
25th day of April, 1868. The Eev. W. Whitacre was
tlie first minister; John Wentmore and Josei^h A.
Burns the first deacons; Wm. JMills, J. A. Burus and
.John Wentmore the first trustees. Mr. Whitacre
continued as pastor until 1873, when he was succeeded
by Rev. J. C. Steele. A framed church was built in
1870, on the north side of the town line road, half a
mile east of North Solon post oflRce.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.
(obtained from the keooeds.)

1830. Trustees, Eber M. Waldo, Caleb Liteh, Edmund Mallett; clerk,
David Lafler; tieasurer, D. R Smith; lister, Eben M. Waldo; appraiser,
Lawrence Huff; overseers of the poor, Thomas King, Serenus Burnet.

1823. Trustees, Caleb Alvord, Benj. Hardy, Thos. King; clerk, James
Fisher; lister, John G. White; appraiser, Edmund Mallett; treasurer,
Caleb Litch.

1823. Trustees, Seruyn Cleavoland, N. Goodspeed, Jas. Fisher; clerk,
C. Alvord; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, D. R. Smith; appraiser, C.
Litch; overseers of poor, Thomas King, Edward Covey,

1824, Trustees, S. Cleaveland, N, Goodspeed, J, Fisher; clerk, C. Al-
vord; treasurer, D. R, Smith; lister, C, Alvord; appraiser, Serenus Bur-
net; oveiseers of poor, S, Cleaveland, E, Covey.

1835, Trustees, N, Goodspeed, S. Burnet, Samuel ISull; clerk, C. Al-
vord; treasurer, Edward Covey; lister, Theron White; appraiser, Jede-
diah Burton; overseers of poor, S, Cleaveland, D, R, Smith,

1826, Trustees, E, Covey, S, Burnet, Jonathan Cole; clerk, Ansel
Young; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, D, R. Smith, C.
Litch,

1827, Trustees, S. Burnet, J, Cole, E, Covey; clerk, A, Young; treas-
urer, Thos, King; overseers of poor, J. Burton, Jonathan Covey,

1828, Trustees, Jas. Fisher, C. Litch S, Cleaveland.

1829, Trustees, Lawrence Huff, Isaac Eames, William Luce; clerk,
C. Alvord; treasurer, E, Covey; overseers of poor, S. Burnet, J, Cole,

1830, Trustees, E, Covey, J, Witter, D. R, Smith; clerk, C. Alvord;
treasurer, S, Cleaveland; ove. seers of poor, T. King, C, Litch,

18.31, Trustees, Jas. Fisher, Fred 'k Mallet, Wm, Smith; clerk Samuel
G, Harger; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, C. Litch, E,
Covey.

1832. Trustees, Amos Boynton, Jas. Fisher, L. Huff; clerk, S, G,
Harger; treasurer, E. Covey; overseers of {.oor, C, Litch, T, King,

1&33, Trustees, C. Litch, A, I oynton, L. Huff; clerk, S. G. Harger;
treasurer, Wm. Luce ; overseers of poor, E, Covey, S. I urnet,

1834. Trustees, Saxton R. Rathbun, Cyrus Phelps, Joseph Cline;
clerk, Michael G. Hickey; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor,
Wm. Luce, L. Huff,

1835. Tiustees, E. Covey. S. Burnet, A. Boynton; clerk, C. Alvord;
treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor, Henry Abel, Ethan Wait.

1836. Ti-ustees, M, G. Hickey, S. R. Rathbun, E. Burnet; clerk Cyrus
Phelps; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Thos, King, Phares
Thorp,

1837. Trustees, S, R. Rathbun, Cotton J. Pratt, Samuel Nettleton;
clerk, Henry W. Gox'don; treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor
P, Thorp, L, Huff,

1838. Trustees, J, Cole, C, J, Pratt, H. Abel; clerk, Elbridge Smith;
treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor, G, Thorp, Asabel Jerome.

1839. Trustees, J. t ole, C, J, Pratt, S. Nettleton; clerk, L D, Williams;
treasurer, C, J. Pratt; overseers of poor, Phares Thorp, Elestus
Arnold,

1840. Trustees, J, Cole, S, NettleLou, Howard S. Allen; clerk, L. D.
Williams; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Samuel Robin-
son, Edmund Burnet.

1841. Trustees, H. Church, Asabel Green, H. Abel; clei-k, C. T.
Blakeslee; treasurer, Stephen Burnet; overseers of poor, Wm, Luce,
Thos, Marlett,

1842. Trustees, H. Church, H, S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, J. Cole;
treasurer, S. Burnet; overseers of poor, Ethan Wait, Orson Cathan,

1843. Trustees, H, Church, H. S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, S. Burnet;
treasurer, Noah Graves; overseer of poor, S. Burnet, Jesse Luce.

1844. Trustees, J, Cole, E. Wait, Zadock Bowell; clerk, C. Alvord;
treasurer, T. King; overseer of poor, Geo Fankell, B. Hardy.

1845. Trustees, Elestus Arnold, E. Burnet, B, Hardy; clerk, Thomp-
son Willett; treasurer, John Whitlaw: assessor, James Handerson.

1846. Trustees, E, Burnet, J, D. Mapes, Benj. Sheldon; clerk, P. C.
Gordon; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, E Smith.

1847. Trustees, J, D, .Mapes, Abram Tibbits, B. Sheldon; clerk, P, C.
Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen; assessor, John Whitlaw.

1848. Trustees, A. Tibbits, H, Doloff, E, Burnet; clerk, P, C, Gordon;
treasurer, H. S. Allen ; assessor. A, Smith,

1849. Trustees, A, TiLbits, H, Doloff, Wm, Smith; clerk, P, C, Gordon;
treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J, Handerson,

1850. Trustees, H. Abel, J. Cole, S. Burnet; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treas-
urer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J, Handerson.

1831, Trustees, Henry Abel, Zenas Smith, S, Burnet; clerk, P. 0.
Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; .tssessor, Thomas Colby,

1852. Trustees, E, Arnold, C. Gates, C, Cole; clerk, P, C, Gordon;
treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, Thomas Colby.

1853. Trustees, John McLane, Jason H, Luce, Amos Boynton; clerk,
Wm. Stoneman; treasurer, Richmond Barber; assessor, Silas T, Dean,

1854. Trustees, S. Burnet, H. Abel, T. Willett; clerk, P. C, Gordon;
treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, S. J. Smith.

1855. Trustees, A, McVeigh, J. McLane, J. D, Mapes; clerk, P. C.
Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Wm, Stoneman,

1856. Trustees, John D. Mapes, C, Cole, A, McVeigh; clerk, P. C,
Gordon; treasurer, Wm, Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

orAHge.

495

1857. Trustees, J. D. Mapes, Wm. Luce, Chas. Gates; clerk, P. C,
Gordon; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

1858. Trustees, A. Jerome, E. Lewis, H. Baster; clerk, P. C, Gordon;
treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

1859. Trustees, John Whitlock, J. Bray. P. Farr; clerk, T. McVeigh;
treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

1860. Trustees, Henry Price, Horace Rudd, F. Judd; clerk, W. P.
Luce; treasurer, H. B. Boynton; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

1861. Trustees, H. Price, E. B. Pike, K. Lewis; clerk, W. P. Luce;
treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson.

1862. Trustees, E. B. Pike, Wm. Lander, H. Abell; clerk, W. P. Luce;
treasurer. H. Price; assessor, Francis Eowe.

1863. Trustees, Wm. Lauder, L. Sawyer, H. Rudd; clerk, C. Jackson;
treasurer, H. Price; assessor, F. Rowe.

1864. Trustees, H. Rudd, L. Sawyer, Alonzo Cathan; clerk, H. B.
Boynton; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, F. Eowe.

1865. Trustees, J. Burton, E. B. Pike, H. B. Boynton; clerk, H. W
Gordon; treasurer, J. H, Luce; assessor, E. Murfet.

1866. Trustees, Edwin Mapes, T. M. Veigh, F. Rowe; clerk, H. W.
Gordon; assessor, E. Murfet.

1867. Trustees, D. C. Kimball, Wm. Stoneman, L. Underwood; clerk,
Charles Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Edward Murfet.

1868. Trustees, J . M. Burgess, Edwin Mapes, Jedediah Burton ; clerk.
Chas. Jackson ; treasurer, J. H. Luce ; assessor, F. Eowe.

1869. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, A. Tibbits, E. Mapes; clerk, Charles
Jai'kson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet.

1870. Trustees, John Whitlaw, J. Baster, Elestus Arnold; clerk, Chas.
Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoiieman; assessor, E. Murfet.

1871. Trustees, John Whitlaw, E. Arnold, Wm. Lander; clerk, Chas
Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander.

1873. Ti-ustees, S. J. Burnett, H. Eudd, Edwin Mapes; clerk, T. Wil-
lett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, Chas. Stone.

1874. Treasurer, H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lalnder, E. B. Pike; clerk, T.
Willett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, Chas. Stone.

1875. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lander, B. B. Pike; clerk, M. J.
Roberts; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, J. H. Gates.

1876. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, E. Mapes, J. Burnet; clerk, P. H. Baker;
treasurer, Wm. Stoneman ; assessor, E. Miirf et, Jr.

1877. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, J. J. Burton, A. Stevens; clerk, Edwin
Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander.

1878. Trustees, C. L. Jackson, A. O. Stevens, J. M. Burgess; clerk, E.
Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander.

1879. Tmstees, Henry Abell, Wm. Whitlaw, Charles Thomas; clerk,
E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander.

AMOS BOYNTON.*

Caleb Boynton, the father of the subject of this
sketch, was a native of Massachusetts. We know
but little of his genealogy or early history, but we find
him in "Worcester, Otsego county. New York, early
in this century. There he married Asenath Garfield,
the widow of Thomas Garfield, and the mother, by
her two husbands, of thirteen children. Four of
these were Garfields: Polly, Betsey, Abram and
Thomas; Abram being the father of Hon. James A.
Garfield. Her children by Mr. Boynton were Anna,
Amos, Martin, Nathan, Alpha, Calista, Jerry, Wil-
liam and John. In 1808 he removed with Jiis family
to Madrid, St. Lawrence county, New York. In
1818, in company with his son Amos, he made a win-
ter journey in a sleigh to Ohio, whither he was fol-
lowed by the remainder of his family the next spring.
He made his home in Independence, Cuyahoga county,
where he died in 1831. He was a soldier in the war
of 1813.

Amos Boynton, the second child of Caleb and Ase-
nath Boynton, was born in Worcester, Otsego county,
New York, on the 9th day of September, 1805. He
lived with his father in Independence, until the death
of the latter, when at thfe age of seventeen, he com-
menced life for himself. He was employed for some

*By B. A. Hinsdale, A.M., President of Hiram College.

time on the construction of the Erie canal, and as-
sisted his half-brother, Abram Garfield, several years
in carrying out a large contract on the Ohio canal.

On the 17th of October, 1836, he married Alpha
Ballou, a younger sister of the wife of Abram Garfield.
These two women belonged to the well-known Ballou
family of New England; their father being James
Ballou, of Cumberland, Ehode Island, and their
mother Mehitable Ingalls, of Richmond, New Hamp-
shire. Mrs. Boynton was the youngest of six children,
and was born in the same town as her mother, May
19, 1806.

In 1839 Abram Garfield and Amos Boynton pur-
chased each a small farm in Orange, Cuyahoga county,
and on these farms they established their families.
Their new homes were three miles from the present
town of Chagrin Palls, and four miles from the vil-
lage of Solon, but neither of those places then existed,
and all around them was the almost unbroken wilder-
ness, abounding in the wild animals so often men-
tioned in this history. Their nearest neighbors were
the Mapes family, a mile distant; the next nearest
were in the north part of the township, nearly three
miles distant.

The two sturdy men, earnestly seconded by their
devoted wives, fell to work to clear up their farms,
and to build up their homes. Mr. Garfield lived but
four years; he died in 1833, leaving his four small
children to the care of their mother. Mr. Boynton
lived to clear up his farm, to rear a family, and to
see the wilderness of 1839 transformed into a culti-
vated land, covered by the homes of a numerous,
thrifty, and happy population. But his struggle with
nature was too much for his powei's; his health broke
down by degrees, and he was compelled to relinquish
his business little by little until, in the spring of 1866,
he left the farm and removed to Cleveland, in search
of that rest which he so much needed. The quest
was van; his native force was too much abated; he
was taken with a lingering and painful illness, and
died December 3, 1866, .in the sixty-second year of
his age.

Mr. Boynton was the father of seven children: Wil-
liam A. Boynton, who died at the age of twenty-nine;
Henry B., a farmer, now residing on the old home-
stead; Harriet A., now Mrs. Clark, of Bedford; Phebe
M., now Mrs. Clapp, of Hiram; Silas A., a distin-
guished physician of Cleveland; Mary C, now Mrs.
Arnold, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; and Bentley,
who died at the age of fourteen months. Mrs. Boyn-
ton, the companion of his forty years of married life,
survived him, and still lives, honored and beloved, in
the home of her husband's planting.

The outline which has been thus sketched is the
framework of a life and character well worthy of care-
ful study.

Amos Boynton was of medium size, of vigorous and
enduring physical powers, and of clear, strong, and
well-poised mind. His opportunities for obtaining
the education of schools were quite limited; being

496

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

those of his time and State. He closely read the few
books within his reach, but the one book that he
kneio was the Bible. His farm and family were the
center of his life. He was a tireless worker, a close
economist and a painstaking father. He was meth-
odical in all things, to minuteness. His farm was
the best kept in the neighborhood, his products went
to market in the best order and commanded the best
prices.

In his business dealings he was honest to a farthing,
and required men to be equally honest with him. He
had an invincible abhorence of everything like sham
or false appearance; he had no idea of making money
by trade or speculation, and the competence that he
gathered was the slow result of hard labor and small
savings. When he began life for himself the modern
instruments for making pi'operty did not exist.
Boundless nature lay about him; he had himself, and
that was all. He must work ceaslessly and save care-
fully, or live in poverty. Still, his heart always
strongly responded to the calls of the poor, the suffer-
ing and the oppressed. In the community, he stood
a standard of truth, honesty and justice. He also
watched carefully over his children. Aided by his
wife, who had herself been a teacher, he instilled into
them a desire for education, and all but the one who
died in infancy were at some time teachers. He
gave them habits of industry, and implanted in their
minds the great law of morals and the sentiments of
religion.

In the early pioneer times the use of intoxicating
beverages was almost universal. The social cup was
considered an indispensable part of hospitality. For
one man alone to break through a universal custom
and to practice and advocate temperance required
much courage and strength of character. This Mr.
Boynton did, in spite of the ridicule of nearly all his
acquaintances, and he lived to see the good fruits of
his worthy example. Intemperance and jprofanity
were unknown in his family circle.

Soon after removing to Orange, Mr. Boynton became
interested in the subject of religion. Elder Adamson
Bentley, a minister of the Disciple church, moved to
a locality within two or three miles of Mr. Boynton,
and the latter was strongly drawn toward the gospel
as held by that church. He was baptized by Elder
Bentley on profession of faith in the year 1832, and
continued a consistent and active Christian until his
death. He was successively a member of three con-
gregations— at Orange, at Solon and Cleveland, and
was an officer in two of them.

His knowledge of the bible was large and accurate.
For years he carried a new testament in his pocket,
and many a time he sat on his plow reading it while
his team was resting. He was in no sense a polemic,
but he did not hesitate, on occasions, to defend his
cherished views against attacks, whether by unbeliev-
ers or by those whom he regarded as errorists. Nor
was he an antagonist to be despised. Numerous anec-
dotes showing his powers in conversational contro-

versy are still told. In the little neighborhood churchj
over which he presided as overseer, he was a public
teacher of religion — plain, practical and scriptural.
His clear insight, sense of justice, weight of charac-
ter and religious spirit, made him a valued counselor,
and he was often called on to aid neighboring churches
in composing their difficulties; his good offices being
sometimes needed to mediate between prominent min-
isters who had become estranged. He was, as might
be expected, a devout believer in Divine Providence,
and from the beginning of the great rebellion, he
adhered constantly to the belief that the Nation would
triumph and that slavery would cease to exist.

No better gauge of a life can be found than its in-
fluence upon men, collectively and individually. It
is not too much to say that Amos Boynton's spirit, in
good degree, passed into the neighborhood where he
resided. His industry, thrift, integrity and devotion
to the true and genuine, constantly challenged imita-
tion.

After the death of Abram Garfield in 1833. Mr.
Boynton stood in a peculiarly close and interesting
relationship to the family of the deceased. General
Garfield gratefully recognizes these obligations, and
speaks in strong terms of appreciation of the extent
and kind of his uncles' influence upon himself. Los-
ing his father when but a year and a half old, living
for the most part with his mother and sisters, deprived
at home of that contact with a man which an enter-
prising boy so much needs, young Garfield naturally
received strong and wholesome impressions from his
uncle. This came, partly in the way of wise counsel
and direction, but more, probably, in the form of that
unconscious influence which works so silently, yet so
powerfully.

This hard-worked farmer found time to aid the
young men of the neigh oorhood in organizing and
maintaining a debating society and he frequently took
part as a critic and guide in the efforts of his children
and their young associates to " think on their feet"
and defend their opinions. He was frequently made
the judge of their debates, and his approval was a re-
ward worthy of their best efforts.

A critic would have no difficulty in pointing out
defects in Mr. Boynton's character, but it would bean
unprofitable and uiigrateful service. The more pro-
nounced of these defects were due to two causes — his
native type of character, and his environment. His
type was that created in the school of John Calvin:
strong, deep, narrow, just, true, sevei-e. He was one
of the last of the Puritans. Then, either circum-
stances or inclination made him a pioneer. In some
respects his surroundings strongly marked his mind;
in others he rose superior to them. Had he lived a
half century later, he would have had larger views,
more cultivation, and a mellower spirit; but his great
traits would have been the same. His type — the Pio-
neer engrafted on the Puritan — is passing away, in-
deed is almost gone; but before it vanishes it should be
faithfully painted in all its lights and shadows, for the

PAEMA.

497

benefit of posterity. This slsctch has been prepared
in the hope that it will have some value not only as
the story of a worthy man, but as a study of life and
character.

CHAPTER LXXXII.

FABMA.

Boundaries— Population and Physical Characteristics— Early Settle-
ment—Benajah Fay— Conrad Countryman— Peletiah Bliss— Walking
to Connecticut for a Bride— A Large Accesson— Emerson, Hodgman,
Nicholas, Small and Steele— Asher and Benjamin Norton— Ruf us Scovil
—Samuel Freeman— Early Hardships— Numerous Hunts— Scarcity of
Grass- First Birth, Death and Marriage— Roads— The Harrison Proces-
sion—An Irate Democrat — Formation of Parma — First Ofacers— List of
Ofttcers- Religious Matters— Free Will Baptist Church- -First Presby-
terian Church— St. Paul's Church— St. John's Church— Church of the
Holy Trinity.

Parma, one of the youngest townships in Cuya-
hoga, covers an area of five miles square, being the
territory of survey-township six, in range thirteen.
Brooklyn township lies on the north, Royalton on the
south. Independence on the east, and Middleburg on
the west. Of the population of fifteen hundred, re-
ported by the last census, full two-thirds are estimated
to be Germans and other foreigners — the former
largely predominating, and manifesting their usual
energy as thrifty, industrious husbandmen. They
concentrate in settlements, have churches of their
own, and, although somewhat clannish, are liberally
represented in the administration of public affairs.

The surface of the township on the north and west
is generally level, but on the east is elevated and un-
dulating. The soil is of a clayey character, and is
handsomely productive. Fruit is grown with success,
but general farm products are the principal reliance
of the inhabitants. Building and flag stones are ob-
tained in considerable quantities, and of an excellent
quality;. Cogswell's quarry being the most productive.
Several mineral springs are also found in the town-
ship, and from these considerable water, of alleged
medicinal virtue, is annually forwarded to Cleveland
and other points.

Parma has no streams of any consequence, nor has
it any railway communication within its own limits,
although that convenience is near at hand. It con-
tains a strictly agricultural community, and has no
village within its borders. Nevertheless, its schools
are excellent, its churches are plentiful, and the peo-
ple generally appear to be in a prosperous condition.

EARLY SETTLEMENT.

In the division of the Western Reserve, or by sub-
sequent sale, township six fell to various proprietors
— Tuckerman, Cheny, Ely, Blake, Plympton and
others, who early endeavored to promote settlement
on their lands. In consequence, however, of the
general impression that it was a swampy and unde-
sirable region the owners found the task a diflacult

one.

Benajah Fay, a native of Massachusetts, who came
out from Lewis county, New York, was the first set-

tler in Greenbrier, as Parma was called before it was
organized. In 1816 he located upon the Plympton
tract. His family, consisting of himself, wife and
twelve children, journeyed with an ox-team and one
horse. Upon his arrival he had to cut a road through
the woods to his farm. He opened a tavern in 1819 on
the old stage road, in a double log house, opposite the
present residence of J. W. Fay, which, as "B. Fay's
Inn," was a famous landmark for many years. Mr.
Fay was a man of mark in the new community, served
in various local offices, and was always in high esteem
as a useful and honored citizen. He built a framed
tavern in 1836, and in 1833 replaced it with a brick
one, which was the first brick house in the township.
He died in April, 1860, aged eighty-five.

In 1817 one Conrad Countryman, a "Mohawk
Dutchman," took up a farm on the Ely tract, in the
present township of Parma. Countryman lived in the
western part, on the line on which afterwards ran the
stage road between Cleveland and €olumbus. In
time he put up a blacksmith shop and a sawmill, in
both of which enterprises he was the first in the town-
ship. Mr. Countryman's eldest son built a house on
his father's farm, and kept " bachelor's hall " in the
immediate neighborhood of his father and the rest of
the family. Besides being a miller, blacksmith and
farmer, Mr. Countryman also kept a tavern, and with
all his avocations he managed to keep himself quite
busy. He resided in Parma, or Greenbrier as it was
then called, until 1826, when, with his family and
entire possessions he moved farther west.

Peletiah Bliss, a Connecticut Yankee, traveled
afoot in 1818 from New England to Ohio, carrying
a pack on his back, and seeking for a location in the
boundless west. On reaching " Greenbrier " he was
favorably impressed with it, and accordingly pur-
chased fifty acres of land on the Ely tract, where he
biiilt a shanty and soon made a clearing.

Previous to making his western journey Bliss had
determined to marry a certain fair young damsel of
Connecticut as soon as he got matters well shaped in
a new home. So, after laboring upon his clearing a
few years, until he thought he had prepared a fitting
home for his bride, he set out for Connecticut on foot,
living, it is said, upon salt pork during the entire trip.
He reached his destination in due time (that is, in due
time by that kind of conveyance), married the girl
of his heart, and with her returned to Greenbrier; the
wedding tour being made in a lumber wagon drawn
by an ox-team, owned by Edwin Foot, of Connecticut,
who was himself on the way to Brooklyn, Ohio. Bliss
resided in Parma until his death. He had but one
child— a daughter— who moved to Michigan.

The settlement of the township was very slow until
late in 1831 when there was an important accession in
the families of Asa Emerson, Amos Hodgman, Jesse
Nicholas, Joseph Small and William Steele. These
families had been neighbors in Maine and in 1817
had removed together to the West; having all settled,
though separately, in southern Ohio. They kept up

498

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

communication with each other and, becoming dis-
satisfied with their location in that region, they
agreed to move north to ''Greenbrier." In 1821
they accordingly entered the township in company.

Emerson, who had a family of nine children,
bought seventy-five acres on the Tuckerman tract,
having lived for a brief time with Conrad Country-
man before effecting his purchase. Emerson was a
carpenter as well as a farmer, and resided 'in Parma
until his death, in 1855. Of his children, Oliver,
Asa and Lucina (Mrs. Whitney) are still living in
Parma.

Amos Hodgman also settled upon the Tuckerman
tract, where he resided until he died. Jesse Nicholas
located upon the Ely tract, becoming a tavern-keeper
and a farmer on the Columbus road. Joseph Small
bought land on the Tuckerman tract and after a res-
idence there of twenty-five years removed to Michi-
gan. William Steele located on the Ely tract and
died two years afterward, whereupon his widow re-
turned to Maine; making the journey, it is said, on
foot and alone. Of the members of the families
above named, who came in 1831, the only ones now
living in Parma are John Hodgman and Asa and Ol-
iver S. Emerson, and they three are the earliest sur-
viving residents of the township.

Asher- Norton and family came from Vermont in
1823, and settled in the southeast corner of the town-
ship. Mr. Norton lived there until 1863 when he
removed to Brighton (in Brooklyn township) where
he died. His brother Benjamin took up a farm ad-
joining Asher's about the same time (1823) on which
he remained until 1859, when he changed his resi-
dence to Brecksville. Eufus Scovill, a brother-in-law
of the Nortons, settled near them in 1823, and re-
mained a resident of Pai'ma until his death. Nehe-
miah Toms, who also married a sister of the Norton's,
located near the latter in 1823, and there died. Ab-
ner T. Beals, an early settler in Eoyalton, removed
from that township to Parma in 1825, and, after re-
maining a short time in the northern part, eventually
settled on the Ely tract, on the line of the stage road.
Mr. Beals resided in Parma until 1876 when he moved
to Michigan, where he died.

In 1825 Samuel Freeman, with his wife, ten chil-
dren and a hired man, made the journey from Massa-
chusetts to Ohio, via the Erie Canal and Lake Erie,
and reached Benajah Fay's inn, in Greenbrier, on the
night of Saturday, May 26, 1825 — twenty days after
.leaving New England. Mr. Freeman bought a piece
of land on the Plympton tract, and, while he was
building a residence of his own he and his family
lived for forty days in the newly-built barn of Bena-
jah Fay. Mr. Freeman became a man of considerable
local consequence in Parma. He was the fii'st justice
of the peace, the first school-teacher and the first post-
master. He took an active part in forwarding the
religious interests of the little settlement, and was
withal a citizen whose influence was always felt for
good and whom his fellow citizens held in high regard.

The early settlers in Parma experienced naturally
the same difliculties, privations and trials usually en-
countered by Western pioneers, and bore them with
like fortitude. Indians did not trouble them, but
savage beasts caused much annoyance, and grand
hunts for bears and wolves, in which all the towns-
men joined, were frequently resorted to, to get rid of
the marauders. Even as late as 184-2 the ravages by
wolves and bears were very serious, and in that year
the people of Parma united in a general hunting
party, and spent several days in waging a war of ex-
termination against them.

Good grass appears not to have been very plenti-
ful in Parma for a considerable time after its settle-
ment, as hay for the cattle had to be brought from
Middleburg, little except browse being obtainable in
Parma. Baking bread on a board before a wood fire
and roasting meat by suspending it upon strings hung
over the fire, were two of the customs of those prim-
itive days. For some time tlie nearest gristmill was
in Middleburg. It was not always easy to obtain
wheat bread, but "johnny cake," made from corn
ground in a home "stump mortar," did good service
in its place. When Moses Towl built a gristmill on
Big creek, in Parma, it was considered a great im-
provement, and Mr. Towl was looked upon as a pub-
lic benefactor.

The first person born in Parma was Lucina, daugh-
ter of Asa Emerson. Her birth occurred in March,
1823. In mature life she served with distinction for
three years as hospital nurse in the Union army dur-
ing the rebellion of 1861-65.

The first death in the township was that of Isaac
Emerson, a young man of seventeen, who died in the
winter of 1823. He was buried on the Countryman
place. The next deaths were those of William Steele
and his child, who were buried near young Emerson's
grave, on the banks of Big creek. When the ceme-
tery on the Medina road was laid out the remains of
Isaac Emerson were transferred thither, but the
graves of Steele and his child were undisturbed,
and their bones still lie upon the bank of the creek,
although the spot is entirely unmarked.

The first marriage ceremony was celebrated at the
house of .Joseph Small, when his daughter Lois was
wedded to Ephraim Fowls, of Middleburg. An at-
tendant upon the occasion states that the event, al-
though a novel one in the township, was an exceed-
ingly quiet one.

In March, 1827, the town was divided into road
districts, the first being "two miles in width on the
west side of the town and running a line through tlie
town north and south parallel with the west line;
the second running a north and south line through
the town parallel with the east line; the third to in-
clude the remainder of the town."

The road now known as the Brighton and Parma
plank road was at an early day the Cleveland and
Columbus turnpike, over which there was a vast
amount of travel, and upon which, within the limits

PARMA.

499

of Parma, there wore four taverns. When William
Henry Harrison was elected to the Presidency a band
of his adherents in Cleveland mounted a canoe upon
wheels, and escorted it over the turnpike to Co-
lumbus, with much hilarious demonstration. When
the procession reached the house of Asa Em-
erson, in Parma, that worthy citizen, being an
unflinching Democrat, was much disgusted with the
Harrison display. He hastily hoisted one of his
wife's red petticoats upon a broomstick, and marched
defiantly alongside the big canoe, waving his flag
and taunting the Harrisonians until the latter were
seriously angered, and he thought best to desist, lest
they should resort to violence.

In April, 1827, one year after the township was
organized, the treasurer reported that he had re-
ceived in cash for road taxes in 1836 the sum of
$16.84, and $11.38 in road certificates. The town-
ship is believed to have been called Greenbrier before
its organization on account of the abundance of that
shrub in many places. York street was so named be-
cause of the settlement along its line of a community
from the State of New York.

As already stated, the township is a purely agri-
cultural one. The only manufacturing enterprises of
cither early or late days were the following: William
and Dudley Humphrey, who came to Parma from
Connecticut in 1836, pursued for fifteen years, or
until 1851, the manufacture of clock-cases, in which
they set works procured from Connecticut. They
then sold the clocks thi-ough the country, and dur-
ing their residence in Parma they carried on quite an
extensive business.

ORGANIZATIOlSr.

On the 7th of March, Greenbrier, whicli until then
had been a portion of the civil township of Brooklyn,
was formed into a separate township and given the
name of Parma. The first township election was
held on the first Monday in April, 1826, at the house
of Samuel Freeman, on which occasion Asa Emerson,
Jesse Nichols and David Adams were the judges of
election; Peletiah Bliss and Oliver Emei'son were the
clerks. The officers chosen were Peletiah Bliss, town-
ship clerk; Asa Emerson, Samuel T. Varney and
David Adams, trustees; Bensijah Fay and Jesse
Nichols, overseers of the poor; Jolin Hodgman and
Benjamin Norton, fence-viewers; Peletiah Bliss, treas-
urer; Asher Norton and Amos Hodgman, super-
visors of highways; Peter Countryman, constable. A
list of the persons who have served the township as
trustees, clerks and treasurers, from organization to
1879, are given below.

1826, Trustees, Asa Emerson, Sam'l T. Varney, David Adams; clerk,
Peletiah Bliss; treasurer, Peletiah Bliss.

1887. Trustees, Benajah Fay. Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton; clerk,
Lyndon Freeman ; treasurer, David Adams.

1828. Trustees, Benajah Fay. Sam'l Freeman, Benjamin Norton ; clerk,
David Adams; treasurer, Asa Fay.

1849. Trustees, Asher Norton, David Adams, Oliver Emerson; clerk,
Kumar Adams ; treasurer, Jacob Countryman.

1830. Trustees, Thos. Adams, Asa Emerson, Benjamin Norton ; clerk_
Oliver Emerson; treasurer, Jacob Countryman.

1831. Trustees, Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton. Peter Countryman;
clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, Benajah Fay.

1832. Ti-ustees, Asher Norton, Daniel Greene, Oliver Emerson; clerk,
John S. Greene ; treasurer, Benajah Fay.

1833. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, John Wheeler, Oliver Emerson!
clerk, Reuben Emerson ; treasurer, Benajah Fay.

1884. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Dudley Roberts, Eufus Scovill;
clerk, O. J. Tuttle; treasurer, Benajah Fay.

1835. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, Reuben Hurlburt, B. Snow; olerki
Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Jos. W. Kilborn.

1836. Trustees, Barzilla Snow, Reuben Hurlburt, David Clark; clerk,
Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, John A, Aokley.

1837. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, Jeremiah Toms ; clerk,
Reuben Emerson ; treasurer, Lewis Reynolds.

1838. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, Alfred Cleveland;
clerk, Henry K. Freeman; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1839. Trustees, Sam'l S. Ward, David Clark, Moses Fowls; clerk, Asa
Emerson, Jr. ; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1810. Trustees, John J. Bigelow, Chas, Stroud, James Walling; clerk,
F. F. Cogswell ; treasurer, Reuben Hurlburt.

1841. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt. I. J. Lockwood, Wm. Humphrey;
clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, David Clark.

1842. Trustees, Reub»n Hurlburt, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, F. F. Cogs-
well; treasurer, David Clark.

1843. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Barzilla Snow, Lewis Roberts ; clerk,
Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, Stephen Potter.

1844. Trustees, Asher Norton. Almanza Roberts, Moses Fowl; clerk,
P. P. Cogswell; treasurer, John J. Bigelow.

1845. Trustees. Isaac Burnham, Almanz* Roberts, Alfred Cleaveland ;
clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Emerson.

1846. Trustees, Dudley S. Humphrey, Bela Norton Barzilla Snow;
clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1847. Trustees, Asher Norton, D. S. Humphrey, Moses Fowl; clerk,
Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1848. Trustees. Philip Henninger, Almanza Roberts, I. J. Lockwood;
clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1849. Trustees. Moses Fowl, David Clark, Daniel Stephan; clerk, Jas.
M. Cogswell; treasurer, Jas. M. Brown.

1850. Trustees, Jas. M. Cogswell, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger;
clerk. Palmer Snow ; treasurer, David Clark.

1851. Trustees, Philip Heninger, Alfred Cleaveland; clerk. Palmer
Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl.

1853. Trustees, Wm. C. Warner, G. Wangelin, Almanza Roberts;
clerk, Palmer Snow ; treasurer, Moses Fowl.

1853. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Levi Bartholemew ;
clerk, F. F. CoKswell ; treasurer, Moses Fowl.

1854. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Asher Norton, Cyrus Ingersoll;
clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson.

1855. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, John Mead, Philip Heninger; clerk,
Palmer Snow; treasurer, J. W. Fay.

1856. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ;
clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, Jeremiah W. Fay.

1857. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ;
clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Marcus A. Brown.

1858. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Edward Eggleston, Henry Kuntz;
clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Lewis Roberts.

1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Henry Kuntz, Reuben Gates ; clerk,
Asa Emerson ; treasurer, John A. Ackley.

1860. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, Moses Fowl, Philip Kline; clerk, Asa
Emerson ; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll.

1861. Trustees, Wm. Redrup Henry Kuntz, Jas. M. Brown; clerk, A.
Mo Arthur ; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud.

1862. Trustees, Marcus A. Brown, Chas. Umstaeter, E. M. Norton;
clerk, Edward Eggleston ; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud.

1863. Trustees, Thos. Davis, Lewis Schwab, Erhart Geiger; clerk,
Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll.

1864. Trustees, David Clark, Henry Kuntz, Erhart Geiger; clerk, Ed-
ward Eggleston; treasurer, Moses Fowl.

1865. Trustees, Leonard Snow, Marcus A. Brown, Oliver Emerson;
clerk, Edward Eggleston ; treasurer, John A. Ackley.

1866. Trustees, Leander Snow, Chas. J. Pond, Jacob Wetzel; clerk,
Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer. Cyrus Ingersoll.

1867. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Jas. M. Brown, Jacob Hoffman ; clerk
Asa Emerson; treasurer, J. W, Fay.

1863. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Leander Snow, Edward Brainard;
clerk, Asa Emerson; treasurer, J, W. Fay.

1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, O. P. Nichols, Henry Deutzer ; clerk,
Theo. M.'. Towl; treasurer, Lewis Clark.

1870. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, W. J. Marshal, H. Deutzer; clerk,
Theo, M. Towl ; treasurer, John Hobbs.

1871. Trustees, Leander Snow Almanza Roberts, Jacob Wetzel;
clerk, R. N. Hodgman; treasurer, John Hobbs.

1872. Trustees, J. J. Bigelow, H. Deutzer, J. Hobbs; clerk, T. M. Towl;
treasurer, O. F. Nicholas.

1873. Trustees, John Hobbs, Wm. Rederup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S
B. Ingersoll; treasurer, O. F. Nicholas.

500

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1874. Trustees, Henry Kuntz, Asa Emerson, Ralph James ; clerk, S.
B. IngersoU; treasurer, Chas. Stearns.

1875. Trustees, Jacob Wetzel, Wm. Eedrup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S.
B. IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs.

1876. Trustees, Christ. Tauber, Madison Eobb, Conrad Foster; clerk,
S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs.

1877. Trustees, H. Deutzer, C. Tauber, A. MoArthur; clerk, S. B.
IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs.

1878. Trustees, Wm. Wagner. H. Krather, O. S. Emerson; clerk, S. B.
IngersoU; treasurer, Philip Klein.

1879. Trustees, Philip Unkrich, Chas. Forochner, O. S. Emerson;
clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, E. D, Cogswell.

RELIGIOUS MATTERS.

The first sermon heard in Parma was delivered in
1823, at the house of Asa Emerson, by Rev. Henry
Hudson, of Royalton, a Baptist minister. Mr. Hud-
son was also a doctor, and hiiving been called to at-
tend at the birth of a daughter of Mr. Emerson, on
a Saturday, he remained, and preached a sermon on
the following day. A hasty notice was sent out, and
the inhabitants gathered in full force at Mr. Emer-
son's house, and were refreshed with a renewal of
their earlier religious experiences. Mr. Hudson
preached in Parma quite often after that, and, as the
early settlers in that township were principally Bap-
tists, he never lacked hearers. Besides Mr. Hudson,
Rev. Mr. Jackson, of Wooster, also preached to the
Baptists of Parma, and althougli thus it will be seen
that the Baptists were the only ones who enjoyed
early religious worship in Parma, and yet, somewhat
curiously, no church of that denomination was ever
organized there.

FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH.

This church was organized about 1830, in the
southeast corner of the townshij^, with but a handful
of members, among whom wei-e David Pond, John
Johnson, J. W. Kilburn, Alfred Cleveland and Moses
Ware with their wives. David Pond was the first
deacon, and Moses Ware the first elder. In 1839
there was a great revival when forty persons were
added to the membership, which rose in that year to
sixty. Among the early preachers were Elders Ran-
dall and Walker, the latter of whom was the leading
spirit in the revival Just mentioned. The organiza-
tion never owned a church-building, but used a
school-house as a place of worship. Toward 1864,
the membership grew small by degrees, and the
church was dissolved in that year.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The first Presbyterian Church of Parma was or-
ganized as a Congregational Church November 7,
1835, with fourteen members, as follows: Samuel,
Sarah, Sarah B. and Celinda Freeman, James M.
Cogswell, Beulah G. Adams, Catherine Ann Ferrell,
Mary H. Cogswell, Descom and Susan Chapin,
Frederick and Harriet Cogswell, Catherine Ferrell
and Arvin Kennedy. The first clerk was Frederick
P. Cogswell, and the first elders, Samuel Freeman,
James M. Cogswell and Descom Chapin. At the first
meeting it Avas resolved " not to take for a member I

any person who is a dealer in, or manufacturer, of
ardent spirits."

On the 10th of January, 1836, the Lord's Supper
was administered by Rev. B. B. Drake. The first
minister was Rev. Benjamin Page, who agreed to give
half his time for $400 a year. After -Mr. Page, the
ministers were Revs. V. D. Taylor, Phineas Kingsley,
C. B. Stevens, J. D. Jenkins, — -■ Edwards and
others. The membership in 1842 was thirty-seven
and in 1844 it was forty. In August, 1879, it was
thirty-six. The church, although Congregational
was attached to the presbytery of Cleveland from the
outset, and in April, 1874, it changed entirely to the
Presbyterian denomination.

Public worship was held in a township school-house
until 1841, when the edifice now used, was erected.
The church has had no ordained minister for several
years, being in 1879, supplied by Rev. Anson Smythe.
The elders in that year were William J. Marshall,
Jacob Bailey and William Cogswell.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (REFORMED PROTESTANT).

This congregation (German) was organized in 1858,
and in that year built a brick church which is still
used. Previous to that date, beginning in 1853, Rev.
Philip Stompel, of Brighton, had preached to the
German Protestants of Parma occasionally, in school-
houses.

At the building of the church, the trustees were
Michael Hoag, Adam Hahn, George Bauer, and John
Huber, the membership being then about twenty-five.
The membership in August, 1879, was forty-four.
The pastor at that time was Rev. Mr. Kraus, and the
trustees were George Bauer, William Keyser, Michael
Hahn and Gottfried Klanzinger.

ST. JOHN'S (3HURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL LU-
THERAN.)

In 1867 a division took place in the congregation of
the German Reformed Protestant church of Parma; a
portion withdrawing and forming a separate church,
of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, and they
built a house of worship in 1868. At that time the
membership was thirty-five, but it has been declining
latterly, and now numbers but twenty. The first
trustees were Michael Meyer, John Koch, and Gott-
leib Miller; the first minister was Rev. Mr. Fuehr.
Rev. Paul Littke is the present minister. The trus-
tees are John Koch, Michael Meyer, and Christian
Koch. The deacons are Andrew Hoag, John Sharp
and Deitrich Bnsch.

CHURCH OF THE HOLT FAMILY (GERMAN CATHOLIC.)

Rev. Father Quigley commenced in 1873 to hold
Catholic religious services at the house of Conrad
Rohrbach in Parma, and at the close of that year the
congregation included eleven families. In 1873 a
church edifice was built upon a lot adjoining Mr.
Rohrbach's residence, and there the Catholics of Par-
ma have since worshiped. Conrad Rohrbach was the
first trustee, and still serves as trustee, as does John

ROCKPORT.

501

Gehring. Following Father Quigley as priests, were
Rev. Fathers O'Brien, Kuhbler, Zampiel and Fide-
lius — the latter of whom is the present incumbent,
and holds services once a fortnight. The average at-
tendance numbers seventeen families.

SCHOOLS.

The first school taught in Greenbrier was conducted
by Samuel Freeman, in his own house, during the
winter of 1825. There Mr. Freeman taught his own
children — of whom there were not a few — and those
of such settlers as deemed book education one of the
necessities of life. Parma's first school teacher was a
well-educated man for those days, and he so trained
his children that after him three of them, Samuel, Jr.,
Lawrence and Lyndon also became school teachers.

The first school district in the township was set ofE
in JVIay, 18^6. In this district was Benajah Fay, Sam-
uel Freeman, Thomas Adams, John Hodgman, Amos
Hodgman, Joseph Small, Peter Countryman, Asa Em-
erson, Jesse Nichols and Peleliah Bliss.

The second school district was set off in December,
1826, in the northeast part of the township. At the
same time the southeast corner of the township was
made a portion of the fourth school district of Brecks-
ville, and contained Benjamin and Asher Norton and
Nelson Scovill. In 1879 Parma was divided into
nine school districts, in which the number of school
children, between the ages of six and sixteen, was
three hundred and ninety. The amount appropriated
for school purposes in that year was $2,000.

POST OFFICE.

Samuel Freeman was Parma's first postmaster; af-
ter him the office was held successively by William
Humphrey, Oliver Emerson and Harry Humphrey.
Oliver Emerson was then appointed to a second term,
and has been the incumbent ever since.

CHAPTER LXXXIII.

KOCKPOET.*

Boundaries and Surface— Detroit Street— Eoclcy River— Early Settle-
ment—John Harbertson— PWlo Taylor— The First Road- Daniel Miner
—George Peake— Dr. Turner— A Sad Misfortune— Datus Kelley and
Others— The Alger Settlement— Rufus Wright-Henry Clark and
Others— Joseph Dean's Tannery— Burning of Mills— James Nicholson
—Mars Wagar— Eliel Farr— Price French— David Harrington— Jona-
than Parshall- First Death, Birth and Marriage— First Justice— In-
dians—A Great Bear Hunt— An Early Temperance Pledge— Nineteen
Voters to Eighteen Officers— First Bridge— A Slender Outflt^Going to
Michigan to Mill— Granger City— Joseph Larwill— Henry Canfleld-
Township Organization— The First Voters— First Ofaoers— List of
Principal Officers- Post Ofttces— Rookport Methodist Church— The
Baptist Church-First Congregational Church-Free Will Baptist
Church— Rocky River Mission— First New Jerusalem Church— Detroit
Street Methodist Church— St. Patrick's Church-German Evangelical
Church— German Methodist Church— Church of the Ascension— St.
Mary's Church— Schools— Detroit Street Special District— The Rest of
the Township— Rockport Christian Temperance Union— The Temper-
ance Sunday School- The Fruit Interest— Burial Places— Railways—
Manuffictures.

RocKPORT, one of the northern townships of Cuy-
ahoga county, is number seven in range fourteen, in

* The early expeditions through Rockport and the wreck of Brad-
street's expedition in that township are narrated in the forepart of the
general history of the county.

the survey of the Western Reserve, and lies upon the
southern shore of Lake Erie. It contains twenty-one
full sections of a mile square each, and four fractional
sections, the size of which is reduced by the lake.
The township is bounded on the north by Lake Erie;
on the south by Middleburg township; on the east by
Brooklyn, and on the west by Dover.

The surface of the country is level and the soil is
generally productive, especially along the lake shore,
where a rich fruit belt contributes largely to the
wealth and prosperity of the township. ■ South of that
belt, fruit is also considerably cultivated biit general
farming is more largely followed, and with very
profitable results. As a rule, the farmers are intelli-
gent, thrifty and prosperous, their well cultivated and
well appointed farms showing their success in life;
while their handsome dwellings— which in very many
cases might properly be called elegant — testify to the
taste as well as the prosperity of the owners.

Detroit street, as the extension of that street into
Rockport is commonly called, follows the lake shore
from the township line to Rocky river, an avenue of
more than ordinary pretensions, and is also a drive
much frequented by the citizens of Cleveland. Bor-
dering it on either side are numerous handsome and
costly suburban residences, set in the midst of taste-
fully kept grounds, and presenting on a summer day
in connection with the smiling fields, the numerous
patches of woodland a;nd the broad expanse of the
lake, a scene of beauty seldom surpassed.

Rocky river, a rugged but shallow stream, flows
through Rockport from the southern line near the
southwestern corner in an exceedingly crooked course
to the lake, passing nearly the whole distance between
high and abrupt embankments, which at the river's
mouth are handsomely wooded, and present a very
picturesque appearance. Here also, in summer, peo-
ple from Cleveland daily resort in large numbers,
to enjoy the beauties of nature and to rejoice in the
invigorating breezes which are wafted landward over
the billowy bosom of Lake Erie.

■EARLY SETTLEMENT.

The first white person to settle in the township of
Rockport (so goes an old record by Henry Alger, him-
self a settler in Rockport in 1812) was John Harbert-
son (or Harberson), an Irish refugee, who, with his
family, located in the spring of 1809 upon the east
side of Rocky river near its mouth. In the same
year, and about the same time, Wm. McConley, wlio
came over from Ireland with Harbertson, settled in
Rockport upon a place now known as Van Scoter
bottom. Neither Harbertson nor McConley tarried
long in their new homes, whence they removed about
1810; Harbertson going to Huron county, where he
resided until his death.'

In 1808, Philo Taylor, who had moved from New
York to Cleveland in 1806, agreed with Harmon Can-
field and Elisha Whittlesey, as agents and owners of
land in what is now Rockport, to locate in that town-

50:2

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ship. On the 10th of April in that year he landed
with his family from an open boat at the mouth of
Rocky river. He selected a place on the east side of
the river opposite the site of the Patcheii House, put
up a cabin and began a clearing. By 1809 he had
effected material improvements there. At that time,
Mr. Caufield, who had verbally agreed that Taylor
should have the place, informed him that he would'
have to select some other spot, since it had been de-
cided by the proprietors to lay out a town near the
mouth of the river, and that the lot originally selected
by Taylor would be wanted for that purpose. At
this Mr. Taylor became exceedingly wroth. He sold
his improvements to Daniel Miner, launched a curse
against the mouth of Rocky river, and removed with
his family to Dover.

Until 1809 there was no highway between Cleve-
land and the Huron river, that whole region being an
almost unbroken wilderness. In that year the legis-
lature made an appropriation for a public road be-
tween these points, and selected Ebenezer Merry,
Nathaniel Doan and LorenzD Carter to superintend
tlie work. This road crossed Rocky river near its
mouth, and was the only one west of Cleveland until
1814 or 1815. Daniel Miner, who bought out Philo
Taylor in 1809, came from Homer, New York, in
that year and occupied Taylor's old improvements.
In 1812 he began to build a mill upon what is still
known as the "mill lot." Before it was completed
Miner died, in February, 1813. Despite of Canfleld's
sanguine expectations, the Taylor lot was never em-
ployed as a part of the proposed town which indeed
never existed save on paper. Miner kept a tavern
and a ferry there in 1811. He shortly afterward
bought out Harbertson on the same side of the river,
and kept tavern in his old house in 1812.

In 1809 the public higliway, above referred to, being
completed to Rocky river, one George Peake, a mu-
latto, iind his family were the first to pass over it in a
wagon, by which they Journeyed from Cleveland to
Rocky river, locating on the place lately owned by
John Barnum. Peake had been a soldier in the Brit-
isl) army, and was in General Wolf's command at the
taking of Quebec. Locating in Maryland he had
married a black woman reputed to have owned "a
lialf bushel of dollars." He had settled with her in
Pennsylvania, had raised a family of children, and
when he moved to Rockport was accompanied by two
grown sons— George and Joseph; two others— James
and Henry— following soon after. The Peakes in-
troduced an improvement in the form of a hand grist-
mill, which was exceedingly well liked by the few
settlers, as grinding had previously been accom-
plished by means of the "stump mortar and spring-
pole pestle." George Peake died in September, 1837,
at the great age of one hundred and five.

In 1811 Doctor John Turner, a brother-in-law of
Daniel Miner, came from the State of New York and
located on the farm afterwards owned by Governor
Wood. Two years afterward, while the doctor and

his wife were away from home, their reeidence was
burned to the ground and their two children were
destroyed with it. After this calamity the family
removed to Dover. While the Turners lived in Rock-
port the newcomers were Jeremiah Van Scoter, John
Pitts, Datus Kelley and Chester Dean' a brother-in-
law of Kelley. Van Scoter located upon the place
now known as Van Scoter's bottom, and after re-
maining a year removed to Huron county. Mr.
Kelley occupied the place now owned by George
Merwin. In 1834, with his brother Ira, he bought
the now famous Kelley Island.

On the 7th of June, 1812, Nathan Alger, with his
wife and sous — Henry, Herman, Nathan, Jr., and
Thaddeus P. — and his son-in-law, John Kidney, all
from Litchfield county, Conn., settled upon sections
twelve and thirteen, and founded what is to this day
known as the Alger settlement. Two days later,
Benjamin Robinson, afterwards son-in-law of Nathan
Alger, came in from Vermont and took up a place in
that settlement. Nathan Alger, Sr., died January
21, 1813, being the first white person who died i'n the
township. Samuel Dean, with his sons Joseph and
Aaron W., moved into the township in 1814. Sam-
uel Dean died in 1840, aged 85; his son Chester died
in 1855; Horace B. Alger and Dyer Nichols came in
during the fall of 1812.

Benjamin Robinson, above referred to, was a
famous hunter, and much addicted to a roving life;
priding himself, indeed, upon his Indian habits. He
became eventually an industrious member of the
Alger settlement, but in his old age fell into evil ways,
paid the penalty, and died in poverty at the age of
ninety.

Rufus Wright, a soldier of the war of 1813, re-
moved in 1816 from Stillwater, N. Y., to Rockport,
and bought of Gideon Granger three-quarters of an
acre of land, now occupied in part by the Patcheu
House, on the west side of Rocky river, near its
mouth. He paid $300 for it, evidently sharing
Granger's belief that there was destined to be a great
city near the natural harbor at the mouth of Rocky
river. Wright put up a framed tavern of consid-
erable size, and from 1816 to 1853 the house remained
in the possession of the Wright family, passing in
the latter year to Mr. Silverthorn. As the Patchen
House, it is a remodeled and improved structure,
still containing, however, a portion of the old build-
ing. A part of the old tavern is now used by the
widow of John Williams as a residence, a little south
of the Patchen House. Mr. Wright built half of
the fij'st bridge at that point, kept a ferry there for
some years, and assisted in cutting out the first road
west of the river.

About the time of Wright's settlement, Heury
Clark, John James, Charles Miles, and Josoph Sizer
came into the township, and between the years 181C
and 1820 Clark and James were al so tavern keepers
on the west side. The first tavern kept in the town-
ship was, as already recorded, the one opened by

ROCKPOET.

503

Daniel Miner, to whom the court of common pleas of
Cuyahoga county issued a license in March, 1811, re-
newing it in 1812, and also granting a license to keep
a ferry. This tavern was only a log cabin, eighteen
feet by twenty-four, and stood on the east side of the
river, near the end of the present bridge. For some
years after Miner's death his widow carried on the
tavern, previous to which, for a brief period, Moses
Eldred, who located in the township in the spring of
1813, kept the stand.

Joseph, a son of Samuel Dean, who settled in Rock-
port in 1814, built and carried on the first tannery in
the township, on the north ridge, where Lucius Dean
now resides. In 1815 Joseph Larwill — afterwards,
the founder of Granger City — built a mill near the
mouth of Rocky river, but before he put it in opera-
tion it was burned to the ground. A similar fate
befell a mill which was built on the same spot in 1818
by Erastus and Charles Johnson. In 1817 Datus
Kelly built a sawmill in section sixteen, on the ci'eek
that crosses the north ridge.

James Nicholson, at the age of twenty, traveled in
1803, afoot, from Barnstable county, Connecticut, to
TmmbuU county, Ohio, whence, after a residence of
fifteen years, he moved, in 1818, to Rockport, where
he had purchased two hundred and seventy acres of
land. Upon a portion of that land his son, Ezra
Nicholson, now lives. Of James Nicholson's two
children, who came with him, a daughter — Mrs. Elias
Paddock, of Olmstead — is still living. Upon his ar-
rival he put up a log cabin, and at that time was the
only settler between the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers.
In 1826 he erected a framed house a little west of
where Ezra Nicholson now lives, and shortly afterward
opened it as a tavern. Mr. Nicholson resided in
Eockport until his death, which occurred in Rock-
port, when he had I'eached the age of seventy-six.

Mars Wagar, with his wife, Keturah, moved from
Ontario county. New York, to Cleveland in 1818, and
in 1820 proceeded to Rockport, where he had pur-
chased one hundred and sixty acres of land, in sec-
tion twenty-two, from Francis, son of Gideon Granger.
He died in Rockport in 1841, leaving a widow and
several children, the former of whom still lives on the
old homestead, at the age of eighty-five. Her sons,
Adam M. and Israel D., are prominent citizens of
Eockport.

In April, 1819, Eliel Farr, a farmer and surveyor,
with his sons, Aurelius, Eliel, Jr. and Algernon, came
into Eockport from Pennsylvania, and settled upon
section sixteen. Price French left Ontario county.
New York, in 1818, and settled in Indiana. He moved
from there to Eockport in 1838, with his wife and six
children, and located upon the place now occupied by
Ezra Nicholson. He disposed of that portion of the
farm to James Nicholson, and afterwards occupied
the place where his son, A. G. French, now resides.

David Herrington, who went to Middleburg, Ohio,
from Otsego county, New York, in 1821, settled
two years later in Eockport, upon the place now occu-

pied by his widow. William and Mary Jordan located
in 1827 upon the " Jordan place," on the Dover plank
road. Mrs. Jordan still resides upon the old home-
stead, surrounded by her children.

Jonathan Parshall moved from New York to Eock-
port in 1821, purchased an acre of ground of Mars
Wagar, and put up a log cabin near the house of the
latter. Parshall was a house-carpenter, and also
taught school a few weeks in Eockport, but he was
not very industi-ious, and in the course of time, being
unable to pay even for his acre of land, he was dis-
possessed of it.

BAELY INCIDENTS.

Mention has already been made of the fact that
Nathan Alger, Sr., was the first person to die in the
township. The first white child born in the town-
ship was Egbert, son of Philo Taylor, who was born
in November, 1809. Addison, son of Datus Kelley,
was the second, born in June, 1812, and the third was
Philana D., daughter of Henry Alger, born in De-
cember, 1812. The first couple resident in the town-
ship, who were married, were Benjamin Robinson and
Amelia Alger, who were wedded in Cleveland No-
vember 5, 1812, by George Wallace, Esq. There was
no wedding in the township until January, 1814.
Chester Dean, of Rockport, and Lucy, daughter of
Abner Smith, of Dover, were united by George Wal-
lace, Esq., at the house of Datus Kelley. Visitors to
this wedding came from miles around upon ox-sleds,
and the occasion, so says tradition, " was one of great
merriment."

The first justice of the peace was Charles Miles,
who was elected June 24, 1819. In that year, at a
State election, but thirteen votes were polled in the
township.

Previous to 1812, Indians used to rendezvous in
numbers at the mouth of Rocky river, and on an is-
land in that stream they buried several of their dead.
Upon that island, too, they left their canoes during
the winter, while they went into the interior for game.
Upon returniug in the spring, they were in the habit
of building a fire at the head of each grave on the is-
land. The Indians were friendly to the whites before
the war of 1812, but on the outbreak of that conflict,
many of them joined Tecumseh, and none of them
ever returned.

A great "bear hunt" was organized in 1820, and
the command entrusted to Joseph Dean, a famous
Nimrod of the time. The line of the hunt reached
from Rocky river to Black river, and included a
small army of hunters. Of bears they got few, but
the catch of deer was abundant. The hunt wound
up with a grand jollification whereat whisky played
an important part, as in truth it invariably did in all
public, and many private events of the time.

Whisky drinking was exceedingly popular and
doubtless pernicious. At all events so thought Datus
Kelley, who at a township meeting in 1827 astonished
the company by presenting a temperance pledge for

504

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COtlNTY.

signatures. There was a storm of opposition, and a
loud outcry against what was called KoUey's onslaught
upon liberty, but despite such a beginning, Mr. Kel-
ley persevered in his purpose and eventually succeed-
ed in gaining many adherents to the cause.

At the first township election but nineteen voters
lived in Eockport and as there were eighteen offices
to fill it was remarked after the election that every
man in the township either held an office, kept a tav-
ern or owned a sawmill.

The first bridge across Rocky river near its mouth
was built in 18:^1, by subscrijDtions, Eufus "Wright
paying about one-half the expense. There was a great
gathering at the raising of the bridge, which con-
sumed a week. When it was accomplished. Captain
Wright invited all hands to his taverji, where the
whisky jug passed merrily around and where the
event was celebrated in so hilarious a manner that
even the '"Squire" himself danced a jig on a table
among tumblers and bottles, while the rest of- the
company cheered his efforts by singing Yankee Doodle.
A sketch of the early experiences of the Algers,
written by Henry Alger, narrates that when he
reached Eockport, June 7, 1812, his persona,! prop-
erty consisted of an axe, an old French watch, part
of a kit of shoemaker's tools, a bed and seven cents
in cash. As he had borrowed ten dollars to pay his
way to Eockport, he was in no mood to idle away his
time, but began at once to put up his log cabin, and
furnished it with a "catamount" bedstead, a shoe-
maker's bench and two stools. With that outfit he
and his wife set up housekeeping. The only kitchen
ware they had at first was an old broken iron tea ket-
tle which young Alger happened to find on the lake
shore. In the fall of 1812 Mr. Alger went thirty-six
miles west of Painesville and threshed wheat for
Ebenezer Merry, receiving every tenth bushel for his
labor. This shows plainly enough that breadstuffs
were very scarce and high at that time.

In 1813 Mr. Alger went to Cleveland to get salt,
and for fifty-six pounds of that commodity he worked
nine days for S. S. Baldwin, and then carried it home
afoot on his back. In a similar way he obtained flour
— by chopping timber for Capt. Hoadley of Columbia.
He chopped an acre of timber for one hundred pounds
of flour, and carried the latter home on his back — a
distance of ten miles.

When Philo Taylor first settled in Eockport, in
1808, he went to mill in an open boat to the river
Eaisin, in the State of Michigan. The corn mills in
Eockport at that early day were hollowed stumps for
mortars, in which the grain was ground with what
was called the spring-pole pestle. In 1810 a mail
route between Cleveland and Detroit was established
through Eockport. The mail, which weighed six or
seven pounds, was carried on foot in a valise, by three
men, stationed along the line.

GRANGER CITY.

In 1815, Joseph Larwill, of Wooster, Ohio, came
to Eockport and purchased the "mill lot" on the east I

side of the river, and also a tract on the west side
near the mouth, where, with Gideon Granger, John
Bever and Calvin Pease, he laid out a city, which was
called Granger, in honor of Gideon Granger, a large
land owner in Eockport and other parts of the Ee-
serve. A sale af the lots was widely advertised, and
on the appointed day a great number of people were
assembled from a considerable distance. Lots were
sold at high rates; some bringing $60 each; the ex-
citement ran high, and Larwill & Co. felt assured of
a fortune.

The first cabin built upon the site of the new city
was put up by Charles Miles near where the Patchen
House now stands, and in 1816 John Dowling, George
Reynolds and Capt. Poster also erected cabins. In
the same year, John James, of Boston, bought out
Miles, who then located on the farm afterwards owned
by Gov. Wood. James, who had brought out a small
stock of goods, opened a store, and also a tavern, both
of which he carried on until his death in 1820.

In 1816, too, as already stated, Eufus Wright built
a tavern there, and there were also several other set-
tlers in the new city at that time, including Asahel
Porter, Eleazer Waterman, Josephus B. Lizer and
Henry Canfield, the last of whom built what was long
known as "Canfield's old store." Mr. Caufield came
from Trumbull county, Ohio, the home of his father,
who had bought considerable land in Eockport. One
day he met at his store a lady who had journeyed
alone, on horseback, from Connecticut to Royalton,
to visit her sister. He fell in love with her at first
sight, married her shortly afterward, and moved with
her to a farm east of the river, now owned by Collins
French. He lived there but a short time, however,
before returning to Trumbull county.

One Fluke, a German, and a potter by trade, came
from Wooster and settled in Granger City in 1817,
and began to make brown earthenware. Shortly after
that Henry Clark came along and opened a tavern,
and one Scott moved from Painesville to join Larwill
in the erection of a mill. They had got up the frame
of a dam when winter set in, but in the spring the
floods washed it entirely away. This deeply discour-
aged Mr. Larwill regarding the future of Granger
City, and he abandoned the undertaking in disgust.

The city struggled on a short time after this, but
all kinds of .business were soon abandoned there, and
even the few scattered cabins were speedily deserted
by their inmates.

ORGANIZATION.

Rockport was formed as a civil township in Feb-
ruary, 1819, and on the first Monday in the follow-
ing April it held its first election at Rufus Wright's
tavern. Those who voted at that election were Eufus
Wright, Asahel Porter, Henry Canfield, Samuel Dean,
Chester Dean, Joseph Dean, Dyer Nichols, Daniel
Bardin, John Kidney, John Pitts, John James, Chas.
Miles, Erastus Johnson, Charles Johnson, Josephus
B. Sizer, Datus Kelley, Jas. Nicholson, Benjamin
Eobinson and Henry Alger.

C.— --<»5S!>-^>- ^«5S?S;^-:^/<^^JS^-S5S-

JOHN P. SPENCEE.

Jonathan Spencer, the father of our subject, was
born at East Greenwich, R. I., Dec. 6, 1778. He
married Miss Mollie Jones, a native of the same
town, wlio was born Nov. 27, 1781. In 1803 he
emigrated to Brookfield, Madison Co., N. Y., where
he purchased a farm. He was a tanner and currier
by trade, and in later years a shoemaker. He resided
in that State until 1834, when he came to Olmsted
Falls, Cuyahoga Co., where he died Feb. 7, 1837.
His wife's death occurred Feb. 10, 1835.

John P. Spencer was the second son and child of
a family of eight children of this worthy couple.
He was born at Brookfield, Madison Co., N. Y.,
May 24, 1805. His education was limited to what
could be procured at the district school. In early
life he assisted his father. At the age of twenty-one
he left home and was employed on the farm for four
seasons, in the winter teaching school. In 1880 he
left Brookfield and came to Ohio to seek his fortune.
He selected one hundred and twenty-five acres of
fertile land (which was at that time an unbroken for-
est) in the southwestern part of Rockport, with the
intention of making it his home. On the 13th of
March, 1832, he married Miss Electa M., daughter
of Junia and Hannah (Ingraham) Beach. To this
worthy woman should be attributed an equal share
of the success which has attended them. They now
have the means to obtain the comforts and enjoy-
ments that a life of industry and prudent forethought
will secure. Their home is known for its hospitality,
and the unfortunate are never turned away unaided.
Mr. Spencer added to his landed possessions, so
that at one time he owned two hundred and twenty-
five acres, but he has made such liberal distributions
of property to his children, that he has now remain-
ing only his original homestead.

Mrs. Spencer was born in Norfolk, Litchfield Co.,
Conn., May 21, 1811. They have six children, all
of whom are living : Henry B., born June 24, 1833 ;
is unmarried, and lives with his father. Mary R.,
born March 25, 1835 j was married Nov. 27, 1853, to
James A. Potter. Hannah L., born Jan. 17, 1837;
was married Feb. 2, 1860, to Francis W. Mastick!
Amos B., born Jan. 21, 1839; was married March
21, 1861, to Miss Nellie Mastick. John W., born
June 30, 1841. During the war of the Rebellion
he served as a volunteer for three and a half years in
the 15th Ohio Battery. He was married Dec. 24,
1866, to Miss Deborah Goldwood. Frank J., born
Sept. 16, 1849; was married Nov. 25, 1872, to Miss
Lou Palmer.

Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are now nearing their fifty
years of married life. Their children are living on
farms, all within a mile of them. Their grandchil-
dren are growing up around them, and their declin-
ing years are made happy and pleasant by the satis-
faction of knowing that their posterity are worthy
citizens of the town of their birth.

Upon arriving at the age required in his native
State to perform military duty, Mr. Spencer was
elected to fill an ofiice in the company to which he
belonged, and afterwards received a commission as
ensign from Martin Van Buren, then Governor of
New York, which he held until he removed to Ohio.
Politically, Mr. Spencer originally belonged to the
Democratic party, but upon the breaking out of the
war he became a Republican. Though never seeking
the emoluments of office, yet he has, in years past,
filled positions of trust in the township with honor
and integrity, and is frequently consulted by his
neighbors and friends, by whom his advice is thought
worthy of respect and consideration.

EOOKPORT.

505

The chairmau of the meeting was Charles Miles;
the judges of election were Asahel Porter and Datus
Kelley. The officers chosen were Henry Alger, Rufus
Wright and Erastas Johnson, trustees; Henry Can-
field, clerk; James Nicholson and Samuel Dean, over-
seers of the poor; Benjamin Eobiason and Joseph
Dean, fence-viewers; Joseph Dean, lister.

The first book of township records has been lost,
and the list of those who have served the township as
trustees, clerks and treasurers, can be given only
from 1833 to 1879. For that period it is as follows:

1832. Trustees, Dyer Nichols, Jared Hickcox, Chas. Warner; clerk,
Dyer Eaton ; treasurer, Calvin Giddings.

1833. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Dyer Nichols, John B. Robertsott;
clerk, Geo. T. Barnum; treasurer, Ira Cunningham.

1834. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Paul G. Burch, James S. Anthony;
clerk, Geo. T. Bamum ; treasurer, Ira Cunningham.

1835. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Jas. S. Anthony, Jas. Stranahan;
clerk, Isaac F. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease.

1836. Trustees, Jas. S. Anthony, Collins French, Henry Alger; clerk,
Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease;

1837. Trustees, Epaphroditus Wells, Joseph Dean, Benjamin Mastic;
clerk, Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease.

1838. Trustees, Joel Deming, Jas. S. Anthony, Guilson Morgan; clerk,
Geo. T. Bamuma; treasursr, Solomon Pease.

1839 Trustees, Obadiah Munn, Israel Kidney, Elial Farr; clerk, Geo.
T. Barnum; treasurer, Solomon Pease.

1840. Trustees, Eliel Farr, Obadiah Munn, Jonathan Plimpton; clerk,
Timothys. Brewster; treasurer, Solomon Pease.

1841. Trustees, Asia Pease, Dyer Nichols, Israel Kidney; clerk, A. S.
Lewis; treasurer, Solomon Pease.

1842. Trustees, Asia Pease, J. D. Gleason, P. G. Burch; clerk, G. T.
Bamum; treasurer, B. Millard.

1848. Trustees, Eliel Farr, W. D. Bell, John P. Spencer; clerk, Timo-
thy S. Brewster; treasurer. Royal Millard.

1844. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Aurelius Farr, Benjamin Stetson ;
clerk, Aaron Merchant; treasurer, Royal Millard.

1845. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Joseph Leese, Dyer Nichols ; clerk,
Theophllus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor;

1S46. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, John P. Spencer, O. W. Hotchkiss;
clerk, Theophllus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor.

1847. Trustees, Hanf ord Conger, Aurelius Fa rr, Jas. Stranahan ; clerk.
Royal Millard; treasurer, Benjamin Lowell.

1848. Trustees, Hanford Conger, Chauncey Deming, Benjamin Mas-
tick; clerk, G. T. Barnum; treasurer, F. G. Lewis.

1849. Trustees, Aurehus Farr. Osborne Case, Benjamin Mastick,
clerk, G. T. Barnum ; treasurer, F. G. Lewis.

1850. Trustees, Royal Millard, Aurelius Farr, Wm. B. Smith; clerk,
O. T. Barnum; treasurer, Truman S. Wood.

1851. Trustees, Auielius Farr, Thomas Hurd, Jas. Stranahan; clerk,
G. T. Bamum; treasurer, Isaac Higby.

1832. Trustees, Aurelius Farr, Thos. Hurd, Jchn West; clerk, John
Bamum; treasurer, Lewis Rockwell.

1853. Trustees, John P. Spencer, John Freeborn, Chauncey Deming;
clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, Horace Dean.

1864. Trustees, Frederick Wright, Ezra Bassett, John Blank; clerk,
John Bamum ; treasurer, Horace Dean.

1855. Trustees, Edward Hayward, Ezra Bassett, A. Cleveland ; clerk,
John Bamum; treasurer, Horace Dean.

1856. Trustees, J. T. Storey, Thos. Hurd, Benj. Mastick; clerk, Lu-
cius Dean ; treasurer, Horace Dean.

1857. Trustees, John F. Storey, Benjamin Mastick, Obadiah Munn;
clerk, Lucius Dean; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss.

1858. Trastees, John F. Storey, Richard McCrary, Lucius Dean ; clerk,
John Barnum; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss.

1859. Tmstees, John F. Storey. Obadiah|Munn, John Farr; clerk, A.
M. Wagar, treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss.

1860. Tmstees, Thos. Hurd. BenjaminJMastick, James Potter; clerk,
Edwin Giddings; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss.

>1861. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, A. Kyle; clerk, Robert
Fleury, treasurer, William Sixt.

1862. Tmstees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, Wm. Jordon; clerk, A. M.
Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

186.3. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, Thos. Morton; clerk, A. M.
Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1864. Trastees, Thos. Hurd, Wm. Tentler, Calvin Pease; clerk, An-
drew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1865. Trustees, Wm. Tentler, Wm. L. Jordon, F. G. Bronson; clerk,
Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1866. Tmstees, John F. Storey, F. Colbrunn, A. M. Wagar; clerk,
John Barnum; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1867. Trastees, Allen Armstrong, F. Colbrunn, Alfred French; clerk
John Bamum; treasurer. Wm. Sixt.

1868. Trustees, Anthony Cline, Lewis Nicholson, John Gahan; clerk,
Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1869 and 1870. Trustees, John Gahan, Anthony Cline, Geo. W. An-
drews; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1871 and 1872. Trustees, John Gahan, Geo. W. Andrews, Henry
Southworth; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1873. Trustees, G. T. Pease, Geo. W. Andrews, John Gahan; clerk,
Andrew Kyle; treasurer. Wm. Sixt.

1874. Trastees, G. T. Pease, Anthony CUne, John Gahan; clerk,
Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1875. Trustees, Anthony Cline, J. W. West, Fred Baker; clerk, O. P.
Stafford; treasurer, Wm. Sixt.

1876. Trastees, A. M. Wagar, John W. West, Anthony Cline; clerk,
H. A. Mastick; treasurer, B. F. Phinney.

1877. Trustees, L. A. Palmer, J. W. West, A. M. Wagar; clerk, Edwin
Giddings; treasurer, B. F. Phinney.

1878 and 1879. Trustees, A. M. Wagar, George Fauchter, Geo. W.
Andrews; clerk, E. P. Thompson; treasurer, B. F. Phinney.

POST OFFICES.

The first postmaster in Eockport was probably a
Mr. Goodwin, who, about 1837, kept an office at
Eocky river, on the old stage route. In 1839 the
stage route was changed so that it passed over " Hog
Back Hill," and crossed the river about a mile and a
half above the mouth. Then Calvin Giddings, living
on Hog Back hill, was appointed postmaster. After
a while Giddings moved across the river and took the
post office with him. About 1834 the office was re-
turned to the mouth of the river, and Eufus Wright,
who then kept tavern there, was appointed postmas-
ter. The office remained at Wright's until about
1853. Abraham, Philip and Frederick, sons of Eu-
fus Wright, being successively postmasters there. In
1853 the office was removed a mile south, where Her-
man Barnum kept it a year, being succeeded, in 1853,
by Benjamin Phinney, who kept a store there. He
retained the office until his death in 1864. The office
was then again returned to the mouth of the river,
where John Williams was the postmaster until 1865.
Another change then took the office up the river
about two miles, to the house of Andrew Kyle, who
continued to be the postmaster there until 1875.
This year the office was removed northward to the
store of B. F. Phinney, who has been the incumbent
since that time. A post office was again established
at Eocky river in 1877, at the Cliff House, with Wil-
liam Hall as postmaster. He was followed by A. T.
Van Tassel, and he by James Starkweather; the latter
being the present incumbent.

Horace Dean, who kept store there, was the first
postmaster at East Eockport. After his time the
incumbents have been 0. W. Hotchkiss, William B.
Smith, Jacob Tagardine, Adam Wagar and Joseph
Howe, the latter being the postmaster during the
present year, 1879.

EOCKPOET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH.

The Methodists residing in Eockport, on the west
side of the river, enjoyed irregular worship in school-,
houses and private residences until 1847, when a
house of worship was erected about a mile and a half
west of the mouth of Eocky river. The first class
was organized in 1838. William Jordan was the

506

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

leader; the other members being Dyer Baton, Mrs.

Mary Jordan, Whiting, Bennett, Philena

Alger, Sarah Doty, Polly Jordan and Sallie Usher.
The organization took place in William Jordan's log
cabin, and there worship was held for some time after-
ward.

The first preacher was Eev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a
most industrious laborer in the moral vineyard. Upon
the erection of the church building, in 1847, the
trustees were John D. Taylor, John Barnes, Henry
Ranch, Benjamin Lowell and Sidney Lowell. The
church membership is now fifty. The leader is C. S.
Giddings, who is also the secretary of the society.
The present trustees are S. H. Brown, Mark Able,
C. S. Giddings, F. McMahon, Ira Burlingame, C. N.
Wise and Charles Cuddeback. The present pastor is
Rev. John McKean.

BAPTIST CHUECH.

This body was organized May 37, 1833, with the
following members: Gideon Watrous, Royal Millard,
John Dike, Fanny Watrous, Amelia Robinson, Sarah
Herrington, Anna Millard, Lydia Dike and Fannie
M. Nichols.

In 1838 a dissension arose, when several members
withdrew and organized a new church on the opposite,
or west, side of the river. The dissenters engaged
Rev. Moses Ware as a settled minister, but their sepa-
rate organization lasted only a short time. About 1843
they returned to the mother church.

The latter received from 1833 to 1847 one hundred
and twenty-five members, but in the last named year
the congregation had so far declined in strength that
regular worship was abandoned. A further lapse of
two years, failing to disclose any jenewed vitality, the
few remaiug members met on the 30th of February,
1850, and formally voted to dissolve the organization.
A commodious meeting-house had been erected by the
society, being completed in June, 1846. This house
of worship — long kuown as " the Tabernacle" — has,
since 1850, been given over to free public use for re-
ligious worship, public entertainments, etc., and has
for many years been in active demand, especially on
Sabbath days. The Baptists gathered from time to
time, after 1850, for worship in the tabernacle, and
had frequent preaching about 1860 and afterwards,
but no reorganization of the church has been effected.

FIRST CONGBEGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1835, but very little
can be said touching its early history. Its existence
was limited to a few years, and the records of those
years are lost.

The church was revived and reorganized, however,
on the 34th of July, 1859, when Benjamin Mastick,
Russell Hawkins, Lydia Hawkins, Louisa Trisket,
Mary C. Kinney, Silas Gleason, Labrina Gleason,
Andrew Kyle and Susannah Kyle comprised the num-
ber who were received into membership. The first
deacons under the reorganization were Ezra Bassett

and Silas Gleason, and the first pastor was Eev. N.
Cobb. His successors were Revs. J. B. Allen, E. T.
Fowler, 0. W. White and E. H. Votaw, the latter
being the pastor in charge in July 1, 1879, when the
. membership was thirty-five.

In October, 1869, the church dissolved the con-
nection which it had previously maintained with the
Presbyterian organization, and was taken into the Sul-
livan, Ohio, Congregational Association. The church
building now in use was erected in 1861. The pres-
ent trustees are L. A. Palmer, William Andrews, and
A. Barter; the deacons, William Andrews and A.
Barter; the clerk, B. Barter.

THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHUECH.

A Free Will Baptist church was organized in Rock-
port about 1840, and in 1843 included the following
members: Obadiah Munn and wife, John Warren
and wife, Jeremiah Gleason and wife, Joseph Coon
and wife, Prosser Coon and wife, J. M. Plimpton and
wife, Thomas Alexander and wife, Israel Kidney and
wife, James Kidney and wife, Sarah and Joseph Hall.

Elder Reynolds, the first minister, preached until
about 1847. He was succeeded by Elder Prentiss but
afterward returned and preached a second term.
After him Elders Beebe, Pelton and others supplied
the pulpit. After worshiping in school-houses un-
til 1846, the congregation built a church on Hilliard
avenue, opposite where the Good Templar's Hall now
stands. At no time very prosperous, the society de-
clined materially in strength for two or three years
previous to 1858, and in that year was dissolved. The
The church building served until 1877 as a place of
worship for various denominations, when it was pur-
chased by Mr. F. Wagar, who removed it to his farm
and converted it into a store-house.

ROCKY RIVER CHRISTIAN" MISSION (DISCIPLE).

This was not regularly organized until January 5,
1879, although a house of worship was built in the
winter of 1877 and '78 and dedicated June 16, 1878.
The original members were James Cannon and wife,
J. 0. Cannon and wife, William Southern and wife,
Joseph Southern and wife, Peter Bower, Miss Ella
Woodbury, Miss Lou Atwell. James Cannon was
chosen trustee; and Elder J. C. Cannon, who was
the first preacher, continues to occupy that relation.
The membership on the 1st day of July, 1879, was
thirty-seven.

FIEST NEW JERUSALEM (SWEDENBORGIAN) CHUECH.

Previous to 1841 there were several families of the
Swedenborgiau faith in Rockport, James Nicholson
and Mars Wagar being leading believers. Rev. M.
McOarr, of Cincinnati, was invited to come out and
form a church, which he did on the 4th of September,
1841, in a school-house near Rocky river. The first
members were W. D. Bell and wife, Osborne Case,
James Nicholson and wife, I. D. Wagar and wife,
Delia Paddock, A. M. Wagar, Boadicea and Diantha

LEWIS NICHOLSON.

The ancestors of this gentleman were from Massa-
chusetts, and removed in the early part of this cen-
tury to the unsettled country of the West. Hailing
from a State that early had the reputation of produc-
ing men of education and culture, in removing to
other localities they carried the same characteristics
with them. Our subject's father, James, was born
at Chatham, Barnstable Co., Mass., April 16, 1783.
When four years of age his father changed his resi-
dence to Connecticut. Arriving at the age of manhood
he emigrated to Trumbull Co., Ohio, where he was
married, May 5, 1812, to Miss Betsey Bartholomew,
who was born at Waterbury, Conn., Nov. 9, 1793.
In 1818 he removed to Eockport, Cuyahoga Co.
At that time there was but one house between his
residence and the west bank of the Cuyahoga River.
He was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and ended
a peaceful life Nov. 11, 1859. His wife survived
him nearly a score of years, but departed this life
Jan. 8, 1879.

Lewis, the second son of the above couple, was
born in the town of his father's adoption, Feb. 6,
1820. His education was limited to what could be
procured at the public schools, with two terms passed
at an academy located at Kirtland, Lake Co., Ohio.

After leaving school he determined to devote himself
to the vocation in life pursued by his father, and ac-
cordingly purchased a farm of one hundred acres in
Rockport, which is the same on which he now re-
sides. In 1850 he embarked in the nursery business
in connection with farming, and has given much at-
tention to that branch e%'er since.

Mr. Nicholson has been twice married. Sept, 8,
1840, he married Adelaide, daughter of Adnah Van
Horn, of Rockport. She was born May 11, 1820,
at Providence, R. I.; for nearly a quarter-century
she was his companion, but passed away Dec. 10,
1870. Becoming tired of his lonely life, he married,
Sept. 1, 1874, Miss Amanda Sears, a native of Dela-
ware Co., N. Y., who was born Feb. 29, 1828.

Republican in politics, Mr. Nicholson has been
called by his fellow-citizens a number of times to fill
local offices.

In religious belief he is an earnest follower of
the ^doctrines of Swedenborg, and is a member of
that church.

Mr. Nicholson is one of the true sons of the soil,
who in all things is conscientious and unpretending,
and not ambitious above his vocation in life, in which
he has had a full measure of success.

KOOKPOET.

507

Thayer, James Newman, Jane E. Johnson, Susanna
Parshall, Mars Wagar and wife, James Coolahan
and wife, Asa Dickinson and wife, Richard Hooper
and wife, Matilda Wagar, Mary Berthong and John
Berry.

The first trustees were W. D. Bell, James Nichol-
son and I. D. Wagar. The first ordained minister
was Rev. Richard Hooper who had been a Methodist
preacher in Rocliport, and who is said to have been
suddenly converted, at a camp meeting, to the new
faith. He was ordained directly after the organiza-
tion Just mentioned, and labored vigorously four years
as the pastor. Succeeding him the ordained minis-
ters have been Revs. W. Gr. Day (who preached ten
years), L. P. Mercer, D. Noble, John Saal, and Geo.
L. Stearns, the present incumbent, who was ordained
in 1876. The church membership now numbers
about forty.

The society worshiped in the Rocky River school-
house until 1848, when the present house of worship
(remodeled and improved in 1878) was built. The
trustees now are Ezra Nicholson, A. M. Wagar and
Alfred French.

Incidental to the religious experience of James
Nicholson and Mars Wagar it is said that upon their
awakening to the new faith they, with their wives,
rode in a two-horse wagon all the way to Wooster to
be baptized iato the church.

DETROIT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH.

About 1850 a small band of "Bible Christians"
used to worship occasionally in the Free Will Baptist
church and continued to do so for three or four years.
The first class contained sixteen members; its leader
being Mark Tagardine. Rev. Richard Roach, of
Cleveland, used to come out and preach for them, as
did others whose names cannot now be recalled.
Members of the denomination known as the United
Brethren also had meetings in the Baptist church at
that time, and after the Bible Christians discontinued
worship, the Wesleyean Methodists formed a class
with Mark Tagardine as the leader. Their first min-
ister was Rev. Mr. Crooks.

Later, the Wesleyans gave place to a Methodist
Episcopal class of twenty members and of that, too,
Mark Tagard.ine was chosen leader; the Rev. Mr.
Jewett of Berea preaching the first sermon. A church
edifice known as the Detroit Street M. E. Church
was built in 1876, at which time Rev. Mr. McCaskie
was the pastor. After him Rev. Wm. Warren took
charge. The present membership is one hundred
and twenty-five. The class leaders are James Primat,
John Webb, Stephen Hutchins and Mark Tagardine,
and the trustees are Archibald Webb, James Bean,
Jos. Parsons and Peter Clampet.

ST. PATRICK'S (catholic) CHUECH.

This church, which has a house of worship in the
southern part of Rockport, is an Irish Catholic organ-
ization. Previous to 1852 its members were able to

enjoy only irregular service. In that year the church
building now used was dedicated by Bishop Rappe, at
which time about thirty families were included in the
congregation. The priest first placed in charge was
Rev. Lewis Filiere, who also preached at Olmstead
Falls and Berea. He served about ten years and was
followed by Rev. Fathers Miller, Ludwig, Hyland,
Quigley, O'Brien and Kuhbler. Father Kuhbler, the
present incumbent, has charge also of the German
Catholic church of Rockport. The church of St.
Patrick is moderately prosperous and has a congrega-
tion of sixty families.

GERMA3S' EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

In 1851 Rev. Philip Stemple, a preacher of Bi'ight-
on, was invited to visit Rockport and to organize a
German Protestant church, about fifteen families be-
ing anxious to join the proposed organization. Mr.
Stemple organized the church and for fifteen years
afterward preached in a school-house, once in three
weeks, to the German Protestants of Rockport. By
1867 the organization had grown quite strong and
numerous, and in that year a commodious brick
church was built at a cost of about $5,000, besides
labor contributed by the members of the society.
Rev. Franz Schreck, from Wisconsin, was the first
pastor after the completion of the church. The pres-
ent pastor is Rev. Wm. Locher and the congregation
contains about thirty families. The first trustees of

the church were Peter Reitz, William Mack and

Annacher. The present trustees are Henry Brondes,
Frederick Bruuner and George Zimmer.

THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH.

This was organized in 1847, and in 1851 the pres-
ent church edifice was built. Valentine Gleb was the
first class-leader, and William Mack, John Mack and
Henry Dryer were the first trustees. Between 1847
and 1851, Revs. Messrs. John and Klein were the
preachers, and a school-house was the place of wor-
ship. After the buildmg of the church the preachers
were Rev. Messrs. BaldafE, Reicher, Berg, Weber,
Detter, G. Nachtripp, Reiter, C. Nachtripp, Buhden-
baum, Heidmeyer, Snyder, Nuffer, Nast and Borger-
deng. Latterly the church organization has lost
much of its membership and has for some time been
without regular preaching. The present trustees are
Valentine Gleb, Jacob Knopf, Henry Dryer, Michael
Neuchter, and Bartlett Stocker. Valentine Gleb,
who was in 1847 the first class-leader, still fills that
office, in which he has served uninterruptedly since
1853.

CHUECH OF THE ASCENSION (EPISCOPAL).

This edifice which bears the above name, is a chapel
of Trinity parish of Cleveland. It was opened for
worship in 1875, and was consecrated on Ascension
Day, 1879, by Bishop Bedell. Rev. J. W. Brown,
D.D., of Trinity, is the rector, and Mr. Charles P.
Ranney, of Cleveland, is the lay reader in charge. The

508

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

communicants number sixteen, and the attendants
about fifty.

ST. mart's (catholic) church.

This German Catholic organization worships in a
fine brick church edifice in tlie German settlement,
close to the southern line of the township. The first
church building, a plain framed structure, was com-
pleted in 1854, when about fourteen families attended
services. The congregation includes now thirty-
three families. Fathers Graessner, Kuhn, Miller and
Kuhbler, with others, have served the church since
its organization. The brick edific,e, now in use, was
built in 1867, at a cash cost of about $8,000, — al-
though its actual value — by reason of volunteer labor,
was much more. The present trustees are George
Betts, Jacob Ammersback and Meliurad Nicholas.
The officiating priest is Father Kuhbler.

SCHOOLS.

One of the earliest school masters — although he

scarcely merited the dignified appellation of teacher

was Jonathan Parshall, a house-carpenter, who lived
on a small piece of land adjoining Mars Wagar. He
was not over intelligent, nor was he an especially in-
dustrious citizen, but it appears that he considered
himself fitted to instruct the tender youth and
in the year 1839 taught a few scholars in the back
part of Mr. Wagar'g house. The neighborhood
tradition is that Parshall was a decidedly poor teacher,
and that his experience in that line lasted but a few
weeks.

In 1830 a log school-house was built nearly opposite
where Ezra Nicholson now lives, in which the first
teacher was a lady from Olmstead. The brick struct-
ure which replaced the log house not long afterwards
is now used by Walter Phelps as a dwelling.

Eockport now enjoys an excellent and liberal sys-
tem of public education. There is a special school
district which extends from Rocky river east to the
township line, and is composed chiefly of residents
on Detroit street. This district manages its own
school affairs under the act of 1871, and has three fine
brick school-buildings. One contains a graded school,
for which a new house, to cost $6,000, is to be com-
pleted by January 1, 1880. The other two buildings
together cost at least $7,000. The average daily at-
tendance at the three schools is one hundred and sixty,
and the amount raised for school support in 1879
was $3,000.

Apart from this special district, the amount raised
for the support of township schools in 1879 was
$1,900. The township contains eight school-houses
(seven of them being of brick) valued at $19,500.
The total number of children of school age is six
hundred and thirty-three.

SOCIETIES, ETC.

The Rockford Christian Temperance Union, which
was organized in 1878, has since then been doing

good work, and now is in a flourishing condition with
thirty members. The officers are S. H. Brown,
president; James Potter, Mrs. S. H. Brown and Mrs.
H. Crossley, vice presidents; Miss L. Jordan, secre-
tary; Mrs. J. W. Spencer, treasurer; Miss Annie
Hutton, corresponding secretary. The business meet-
ings are held in the Methodist Church, on the west
side of the river.

There is a similar organization on the east side of
the river known as the Temperance Sunday School.
Meetings are held each Sabbath in the tabernacle,
and the members are very zealous in behalf of the
temperance cause. The organization is under the
direction of a managing committee. Strong temper-
ance movements were set on foot in Eockport in 1867,
and resulted in the organization of two lodges of
Good Templars, which after a brief era of prosperity
ceased to exist in 1873.

THE FEUIT INTEREST.

Fruit growing is one of the most important and
remunerative industries in Rockport. The region
especially devoted to it is that contiguous to Detroit
street between the township line and Rocky river,
whence large supplies of all the kinds of fruit raised
in this climate are annually conveyed to the Cleveland
market.

Dr. J. P. Kirtland was one of the earliest, if not
the earliest, to engage to any extent in fruit culture
in Rockport, setting out a number of various kinds
of trees in 1850. Not long afterward Lewis and
Ezra Nicholson and others began a liberal cultivation
of fruit. The business developed rapidly and in a
short time assumed considerable proportions along
the line of Detroit street, and engaged the attention
of all the dwellers upon that thoroughfare.

According to the published statistics, the value of
fruit sent to Cleveland from Detroit street in 1867
was $10,000, while in 1872 it was no less than
$50,000. Fruit culture is by no means a losing busi-
ness elsewhere in the township, but the peculiar char-
acteristics of the soil on the northern ridge makes
that the most profitable locality.

BURIAL PLACES.

The first graveyard laid out by white settlers in
Rockport occupied the site of the Cliff House. Here,
it is said, were buried the bodies of a number of sail-
ors drowned off the "point" in 1813. Henry Alger
was buried there as was also Daniel Miner, two of the
pioneers, but their bodies were afterward removed
elsewhere. Traces of this burial ground remained
until the erection of the Cliff House obliterated them.

The burying ground on Detroit street was laid out
about 1840, and among the first to be buried there
were Mrs. Sarah Ann Brewster and an unknown man
who was found dead in the woods — supposed to have
been murdered. Eockport now has several cemeter-
ies, many of which are very neatly kept and beauti-
fully adorned.

^Z-^^^:^^

^^--^^.^t-^/

EOCKPORT.

509

RAILWAYS.

Three lines of railway, the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern, the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and
Indianapolis and the Eocky Eiver Eailroads, traverse
Eockport, the two former passing diagonally across
it from northeast to sonthwest, and the latter run-
ning due west from the township line to Eocky river,
one of its termini. This latter road was built to
accommodate the tide of pleasure hunters which flows
in great volume in the summer season to Rocky river
and to the lake shore in that vicinity. It is also a
very great convenience to people residing along its
line, and from them derives no inconsiderable part of
its support.

MANUFACTURES.

The manufacturing interests of Eockport are very
few. William Maile on Detroit street began in 1861
to manufacture drain tile and common brick. The
brick business he soon gave up, but for seven years
after 1861, he made about three hundred thousand
drain tile annually. In 1869 he resumed the manu-
facture of brick, in connection with the tile business,
and at present — in June, 1879 — he is making drain
tile and Penfield pressed brick, employing three
hands.

Mr. John W. Spencer is extensively occupied in the
western part of Eockport in the manufacture of tile
and brick, in which he engaged in 1874, with his
brother, F. J. Spencer. The latter retiring in 1877,
J. W. Spencer has since carried on the business alone.
He employs four men, and manufactures annually
two hundred thousand drain tile and one hnndi'ed
thousand brick.

I8EAEL D. WAGAR

Mars "Wager was a son of Peter and Lucy Wagar,
and was born in Saratoga county, New York on the
33d day of September, 1791. He was well educated
having studied at the academies at Lansingburg and
Troy, New York, being not only proficient in math-
ematics, but also well versed in several languages. In
1813 he removed to Phelps, Ontario county, New
York, where he was married on the 31st of December,
1816, to Katurah, daughter of Adam and Anna Mil-
ler, a native of New Jersey, born July 13, 1794. Two
years after his marriage he emigrated west and finally
settled in Eockport in November, 1820, where he be-
came one of the most enterprising settlers. He re-
sided there until his death, which occurred on the
30th day of August, 1841. He was not an aspirant
for political honors, but was a staunch Whig in the
political contests of those days. He was a leader in
the Swedenborgian church, and was much esteemed
as a man and a Christian. He left a widow who still
survives, being now in her eighty-fifth year, and a
family of six children.

Israel D. Wagar, the second child and son, had

then just attained his majority, having been born in
Avon, then called Troy, Lorain county, on the 21st
day of February, 1820. His early life was passed
like that of most of the sons of pioneer families, in
assisting to clear off the heavy timbered land, and
converting it into a productive farm. Being prevented
by reason of his father's limited means, from receiv-
ing a classical education, he obtained such as could be
procured at the district schools, together with a short
academic course, the whole supplemented by very
thorough self-culture. On arriving at the age of
manhood he traveled in the West and South teaching
school and familiarizing himself with the manners
and customs of the people of those sections. Eeturn-
ing after a time to his home in Eockport, he turned
his attention to farming and fruit growing, which, in
connection with buying and selling real estate, have
been his occupations since that time. Through his
own industry, perseverance, foresight and economy,
aided in all respects by his most estimable wife, he
has accumulated wealth sufBcient for all his wants,
and now enjoys in comfort the fruits of his labors.

In 1876 his love of travel and desire for informa-
tion again took him from his home, this time to
Great Britain and the continent of Europe. He re-
mained abroad several months, not traveling merely
as a sight-seer, but filling his mind by close observation
with useful knowledge of those countries and their
inhabitants.

On the 1st day of January, 1843, Mr. Wagar was
married to Elizabeth, daughter of Michael and Isa-
bella Pile, who was born in Wayne county, Oljjo, Sep-
tember 7, 1822. They have had eight children, whose
names and the dates of whose birth are as follows:
Laura M., born October 12, 1843, now the wife of Dr.
C. D. Ashley, of Meadville, Pennsylvania; Adah I.,
born March 14, 1846, now the wife of M. Q. Browne,
a lumber dealer in Cleveland; John M., born August
1, 1848, at present engaged in trade in Texas; Jessie
A., born January 31, 1851, now the wife of George E.
Lo'veland, paymaster of the Cleveland and Pittsbnig
railroad; George B., born April 26, 1853; Alta E.,
born September 3, 1855; Caroline D., born May 9,
1858, and Charles WiHard, born October 27, 1860.
The four last named are still living at home.

Born and brought up in the Whig party, Mr. Wa-
gar voted and acted with them until 1856, when he
joined the Democrats, and has since co-operated with
them, filling numerous town offices, including that of
justice of the peace.

Mr. Wagar is a type of the American farmer, con-
servative in his ideas and opinions, a close observer of
human nature, possessing shrewdness, good judgment
and business tact, by means of which he has placed
himself and family beyond the reach of want. At
the same time he is fully recognized in the commu-
nity where he lives as an excellent parent, neighbor
and citizen. His religious faith, like that of all the
rest of the Wagar family, is Swedenborgian, but is
broad, liberal and comprehensive.

510

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER LXXXIV.

KOYALTON.

Boundaries, etc.— First Settlers— Mr. Clark— Robert Engle— An Aged
Emigrant— T. and H. Francis— John Coates— Jonathan Bunker— C. A.
Stewart— John Ferris— Boaz Granger— John B. Stewart— A Large Ac-
cession—David and Knight Sprague— Enyal Tyler's Store— The Tows-
leys and Nortons— York Street^Mills— First Marriage— Going to Mill
under Difficulties— Early Taverns— Civil Organization— Origin ot Name
-First Officers- List of Principal Officers- Post Office— Royalton Cen-
ter—First Baptist Church- Free Will Baptist Church— The Disciple
Church— The Methr:dist Church— St. Mary's Church— Schools— Early
Teachers— Present Condition of Schools— Cbeese-making, etc.— Em-
pire Lodge— Cemeteries.

EoTALTOiir, noted at one time as a very important
dairy township, and still of considerable consequence
in that respect, consists of a valuable farming region
and contains a community of prosperous people. It
is survey township number five in range thirteen of
the Western Reserve and is bounded on the north by
Parma, on the south by Medina county, on the east
by Brecksville and on the west by Strongsville. The
east branch of Rocky river, which is there but a small
stream, flows across the southwest corner of the town-
ship, and although still smaller water courses are
plentiful yet mill-power is very scarce.

The only village is Royalton Center, which is a
small place, but is very picturesquely located. Agri-
cnltural and dairy products are the support of the
peoi^le, and tliey furnish a good subsistence. Excel-
lent building stone is found in ac least two quarries,
but the lack of railway facilities limits the stone mar-
ket to a circuit near home.

EARLY SETTLEMENT.

The first white settlement upon the territory of
Royalton was made in 1811 by a Mr. Clark, who, after
making a clearing, brought his family in and located
upon section twenty-five, in the southeastern corner
of the township, on a tract now occupied by H. A.
Carter, a son of Clark's 'widow by her marriage to
Lewis Carter. Clark must have died within a few
years after making a settlement, for in 1816 Carter
man-ied the widow and took up his residence on the
Clark jilace. Lorenzo — a son born of this latter
union — was the first white male child born in the
township.

On the 2d of June, 1816, Robert Engle with his
family and his father-in-law, John Shejiard, arrived
from the State of New York and settled upon section
fourteen, about a half mile south of the center. This
was the first settlement after Clark's, whose family
remained for five years the only white occupants of
the township. Mr. Engle's father-in-law, Mr. John
Shepard, had served in his youth as an attendant on a
French officer at the time of the Braddock campaign
and was present at the memorable defeat of that gen-
eral. He claimed to be eighty-seven years old when
he moved to Royalton with Robert Engle, at whose
house he died in 1847. The inscription upon his
tombstone fixes his age at one hundred and eighteen
years, nine months and eighteen days. Robert Engle,
who was famous as a hunter and trapper, died in Roy-

alton. One of his daughters married Simeon Enos,
who lives upon the old place.

Thomas and Heni'y Francis, brothers, settled in
1816 on adjoining farms a half mile north of the cen-
ter. The Francis brothers lived in Royalton useful
and honored men and died on the farms where they
had first settled. Rhoda Francis, born in 1816, was
the first white child to see the light of day in Royal-
ton.

In December, 1816, John Coates (popularly known
in Royalton as Uncle Jacky Coates), settled with his
family upon section twenty-one, where he built at
first a house of round logs, which he replaced a year
or so afterward with a double log house. The latter
was put up by Boaz Granzer, who took his pay in
land. Mr. Coates, who came from Geneseo, New
York, owned about thirty-five hundred acres of land
in Royalton, which is yet known as the Coates' tract,
and which he sold out as settlers required.

The house built by Granger for Coates was the first
one in the township supplied with a cellar, and was
regarded as an eminently aristocratic mansion. Mr.
Coates' son, John, came out with his father, and in
the following spring another son, Charles, also came
with his family. Catharine (daughter of John Coates,
Jr.,) was the second female child born in Royalton,
where she still lives as Catharine Teachout.

In 1817, Jonathan Bunker, from the State of New
York, located upon section eleven, where he had re-
ceived a tract of one hundred and fifty acres from
Gideon Granger in exch.ange for one of fifty acres
near Palmyra, New York, his former home.

Mr. Bunker belonged to a historical family which
gave its name to the celebrated Bunker Hill. Two of
his uncles had also participated in the battle fought
on Breed's Hill, to which the former name has been
given, where one was killed and the other wounded.

Ephraim Moody, a neighbor in New York, accom-
panied Bunker to the West. The journey was made
in a sleigh drawn by a pair of horses, of which each
owned one. Moody stopped short of Royalton, leav-
ing Bunker to go on alone. The latter reached his
newly acquired property in the morning, and by night
he had put up a shanty. During the following eight
months he labored there alone, clearing and cultivat-
ing his land, and when at the. end of that time his
family came out, they found a comfortable log house
and crops well advanced.

Mr. Bunker, during his solitary experience, used
to be frequently troubled by wild beasts, and more
than once his shanty, which was always open, re-
ceived marauding visits from bears. He was, how-
ever, a fearless man, and far from being frightened
away by the bears and wolves; he hunted and trapped
them with great success. He was an expert ropemaker,
and for some time, during his early days in Royalton,
supplied Cleveland with about all the white rope used
there. For its manufacture he used flax raised upon
his farm, and also hemp purchased from Mr. Wed-
dell, of Cleveland. Mr. Bunker also had a nursery

ROYALTON.

511

of four hundred apple trees, froin which many of the
present orchards of Royalton were supplied. He had
a family of nine children, and died in 1844, aged
eighty-two.

Chauncey A. Stewart settled in the autumn of
1816 upon section four, the place being now owned by
his son, T. H. Stewart. Mr. Stewart was a famous
hunter and trapper, and one may still hear many
stories of his adventurous exploits in search of bears
and other large game. John Ferris settled in the
township in Decem'.er, 1816, and about the same
time Solomon and Elias Keys, both from the State of
New York, became members of the new commu-
nity.

Boaz Granger, of whom mention has already been
made, came out in 1817. He was a neighbor of
Jonathan Bunker in New York, and when he came
to Royalton, boarded awhile at the house of the
latter. As before stated, he purchased land of John
Ooates on section eleven, and in part payment built
him a house and barn, the latter structure being
the first framed building erected in Royalton.

In the summer of 1817 Samuel Stewart settled
upon the State road on section fifteen, where his son,
John B. Stewart, now lives. The latter, now aged
eighty-eight, has always been one of the most promi-
nent men in the township, and in his old age, looks
with satisfaction upon the record of a busy and
honorable life. He was a land surveyor in his
younger days, and for many years was the agent of
Gideon Granger for his Royalton land. He was the
first clerk of Royalton, was chosen a justice of the
peace, with Lewis Carter, in August, 1819, and long
served the township in various public capacities.
Mr. Stewart is the only one now living of those who
voted at the first township election, in 1818.

In the winter of 1817 and spring of 1818, the
settlement was very decidedly increased by the arrival
of Eliphalet Towsley, David Sprague, Francis How,

Abial Cushman, Warren, Parley Austin, John

Smith, Israel Sawyer, David Hier, Claflin,

Hayes, Knight Sprague and Benjamin Boyer.
Towsley settled in the southwest, where his son James
had a short time before made a clearing. James re-
turned to New York after liis father came, and
attended school a year. He then came back to Roy-
alton and settled near the center, but subsequently
removed to Brooklyn, where he died in 1879. Eliph-
alet Towsley resided in Royalton uutil his death.

David and Knight Sprague, brothers, were from
Royalton, Vermont. Knight Sprague was blind,
having, it is said, lost his sight while working as a
blacksmith in the east. He was, however, a remark-
ably energetic man, and was thought by his neigh-
bors to be able to discern the situation of objects
almost as well as many who were blessed with perfect
eyes. He built the first town-hall owned by Royal-
ton, took an active part in all affairs of the time,
and died on the place on which he first settled. An
early township record sets forth the fact that Mr.

Sprague was chosen fence- viewer in 1821, but how
the blind man managed to "view "the fences the
record fails to state. David Sprague settled upon
section five, whence he afterwards removed to Middle-
burg, where he died.

John Smith was also from Vermont, and located
on section seven. He was killed in 1833 by the fall
of a tree. John Hier and his brother David located
near the Strongsville line. The former died in
Hinckley and the latter upon his farm at Bennett's
Corners.

In 1818 the newcomers included Henry Hudson, a
doctor, farmer and Baptist preacher, James Baird,
Asa and Samuel Norton, Kersina and John Watkins,
Smith Ingersolls and 0. C. Gordon. Mr. Baird,
who was one of Jonathan Bunker's neighbors in New
York, married the oldest daughter of the latter and
located on section eleven, adjoining Bunker's place.
He afterward moved a mile farther south, and about
1837 went to Lorain county.

Settlements began to be made at the center about
1837, in which year Royal Tyler opened a store in a
ten by twelve log-house. He afterward removed to
Brooklyn, and was succeedeiJ in the store by his
brother Benjamin, who also practiced the healing art.
He now resides in Brooklyn.

William and James Towsley were early settlers at
the center, as was also a Mr. Bostwick. Kersina
and John Watkins located near the center, but the
former soon died, and the latter then moved out of
the township. Asa Norton bought land of John
Coates on section twelve, and paid for it by daily
labor. The only time he could devote to his own
farm was the nights and the Sundays, and these he
never failed to use to the utmost extent possible.

Samuel Norton who was a teamster at times between
Cleveland and Medina, settled upon section eleven.
Both Nortons resided in Royalton until they died.
Smith Ingalls lived on a farm adjoining David
Sprague's, and there died after a well spent and active
life. He was tlie first postmaster in Royalton, and
frequently served in township offices.

" Yoi'k " street was laid out about 1828, when one
Briggs and William Ferris built there, followed a
year or two afterward by William Gibson, John Mar-
cellus. Page Claflin, John Tompkins, James Bunker
and George Abrams. Samuel Gibson built a steam,
sawmill in the west, and not long afterward William
Thomas and James Goss built another one in that
vicinity, the presence of a belt of fine timber making
the timber business quite profitable. Harvey Edgar-
ton built a steam sawmill in the south-east, about
1830, at which time that part of the township first
began to receive settlers to any extent. The earliest
residents there were Sardis and Harvey Edgarton,
Barton Brown, Mr. Akins, John Edgarton, Lewis
Miller, Otis Billings and others. Abner S. Beales
settled in 1831 near the Center, next to Robert Engle..
He lived there four years, and in 1835 removed to
Parma.

512

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

EARLY INCIDENTS.

The first marriage in Koyaltoii was that of Asa Nor-
ton to Lovey Bunker. The ceremony, which was per-
formed by " Squire " J. B. Stewart, was the maiden
effort in that line of the newly-chosen justice.

Going .nill in the pioneer days was a disagreea-
ble nee ity, for there were none nearer than
Vaughn's log gristmill, where Berea now stands, and
the way to it was through a dense wilderness. Free-
man Bunker, now a resident of Eoyalton, related how,
when a boy, he used occasionally to set out for
Vaughn's mill with three bushels of corn across his
horse's back. By a peculiar arrangement, the like of
which we have never observed before in the history of
pioneer milling, Vaughn always went himself, or sent
somebody, half way to meet such persons as had noti-
fied him that they would have a grist for his mill.
Young Bunker used to send the requisite notice be-
forehand, and then, after struggling through the
woods and underbrush to the place where he expected
to meet Vaughn, would call out loudly, when the
worthy miller would usually appear and take the
grist away with him. Sometimes, however, owing to
the vague character of the road, the lad or the miller
failed to find the ajipointed spot, when the former
would be compelled to roam around the woods a long
time before finding the other end of this singular
transportation line.

Mr. Bunker relates that he was frequently followed
by wolves during his trips to the mill and elsewhere,
and that troops of them were common spectacles; but
the craven creatures never made serious onslaughts
save upon such small game as happened to be exposed
to their attacks. Bear hunts, organized upon an ex-
tensive plan, occasionally called nearly all the resi-
dents of the township into service, but excursions
after deer, turkeys, etc., were too common to attract
any attention.

It is said that there was not a single framed dwell-
ing house in Eoyalton, until 1827, when Jonathan
Bunker erected one. The first Fourth of July cele-
bration was held in 1821, and was attended by the
usual jollification customary on such events at that
day. Francis How is said by some to have kept
at the center the first tavern opened in Eoyalton,
but this opinion is disputed by others, who claim that
the first Boniface was Charles Coates, who kept on
the State road, on the site of Asper's hotel, north of
the center.

ORGANIZATION.

Previous to 1818 Eoyalton was a part of the civil
township of Brecksville, but on the 27th day of Octo-
ber, 1818, the county commissioners ordered that
"township number five, in range thirteen, be set off
into a separate township with the name of Eoyalton."
It is said that Knight Sprague, the blind man before
mentioned, was anxious to name the township in
honor of his own native town of Eoyalton, in Ver-
mont; and it is further said that he paid a gallon of

whisky for the privilege, but to whom does not ap-
pear. Doubtless it was distributed at a meeting of
the "sovereigns" assembled to determine on a name.
The first township election was held at the house
of Eobert Engle, November 9, 1818, at which time
the followmg oflScers were chosen: John B. Stewart,
clerk; David Sprague, Francis How and Elias Keys,
trustees; Benjamin Boyer, fence-viewer; Francis How
and Elias Keys, appraisers of property; Eobert En-
gle and Elias Keys, supervisors of highways; Abial
Cushman, constable; Chauncey A. Stewart, treas-
urer; Eobert Engle and David Sprague were the
judges of the election, and Chauncey A. Stewart was
the chairman. The first election for justices of the
peace was held in 1819, when John B. Stewart and
Sam'l Norton were chosen. The election was set
aside, however, on the ground of illegality, and at a
new election John B. Stewart and Lewis Carter were
duly elected justices. Their commissions were dated
August 10, 1819. We give herewith a list of the
names of the persons who have served as trustees,
clerks and treasurers of Eoyalton from its organiza-
tion to 1879.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

1818. Trustees, David Sprague, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J, B.
Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart.

1819. Trustees, Lewis Carter, David Sprague, Jonathan Bunlcer; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart.

1820. Trustees, Israel Sawyer, Isaac Isham, Sam'l Norton, Jr. ; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin.

1831. Trustees, Eliphalet Towsley, Israel Sawyer, James Bird; cleik,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin.

1833. Trustees, Jonathan Bunker, John Ferris, John Smith; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Parley Austin.

1823. Trustees, Parley Austin, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J. B.
Stewart; treasurer, Parley Austin.

1834. Trustees, Sam'l Norton, Ezra Leonard, C. A. Stewart; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin.

1825. Trustees, Boaz Granger, Ezra Leonard, Smith Ingalls; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin.

1836. Trustees, Sniilh Ingalls, Ezra Leonard, John Ferris; clerk, J.
B. Stewart; treasurer, P. Austin.

1827. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Jas. Towsley, John Watkins; clerk,
J. B. Stewart; treasurer, John Watkins.

1828. Trustees, Jas. Towsley, Smith Ingalls, James W. Wild ; clerk,
John B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis.

1829. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Edward Scofleld, Smith Ingalls; clerk,
John Coates 3rd ; treasurer, Thomas Francis.

1830 and 1831. Trustees, Edward Scoflnld, W. D. Eastman, R. K
Towsley; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis.

1832. Trustees, C. Brunson, Wm, Teachout, Zara Sarles; clerk, J. B.
Stewart; treasurer, John B. Davis.

1833. Trustees, Francis How, John Coates, Jr., Isaac Isham, Jr.;
clerk, James Towsley ; treasurer, John B. Davis.

1834. Trustees, John Coates, Jr., Ebenezer Bostwick, John B. Stew-
art; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis.

1835. Trustees, O. C. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, Eliphalet Towsley;
clerk, James Towsley ; treasurer, Francis How.

1836 and 1837. Trustees, O. 0. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, J. B. Stew-
art; clerk, Jas, Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis.

1838. Trustees, J. B. Stewart. O. C. Gordon, William Teachout; clerk,
Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis.

18.39. Trustees, J. B. Stewart, Robert Wilkinson ,!Wm.Teachout; clerk,
Jas. Towsley ; treasurer, O. C. Gordon.

1840. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, J. B. Stewart, Smith Ingalls; clerk,
Eliphalet Towsley ; treasurer, 0. C. Gordon,

1841. Trustees, Smith IngiUs, John Coats, Francis Bark; clerk, Eliph-
alet Towsley; treasurer, O. C. Go.don.

1842. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, Edwin Wilcox, Wm. Ferris ; clerk, Eliph-
alet Towsley; tranurer, O. 0. Gordon.

1843. Trustees, Edwin Wilcox, Zara Sarles, Wm. Ferris; clerk, Eliph-
alet Towsley; treasurer, H. M. Munson.

1844. Trustees, Zara Sarles Daniel A. Minor, Wm. Towsley; clerk,
James Towsley; treasurer, Lewis How.

1845. Trustees, Parley Austin, Rowley Leonard, Joseph Teachout;
clerk, Janies Towsley; treasurer, Edwin Wilcox,

iROYALTON.

513

1846. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Teachout;
clerk, Charles Teachout; treasurer, Lewis How.

1847. Trustees, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Ferris, Asa Vamey; clerk,
A. Teachout; treasurer, L. How.

1848. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, James Towsley, S. M. Wilcox; clerk,
Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How.

1849. Trustees, James Towsley, Zara Sarles, Edwin Wilcox; clerk,
Joseph Smith ; treasurer, Lewis H^w.

1850. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Bufus D.Gibson, Thomas Bark;
clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, Lewis How.

1851. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Francis P. Howe, O. H. Grayes;
clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How.

1862. Trustees, Henry Aiken, Norman A. Graves, Thomas Meacher;
clerk, Joseph Smilh ; treasurer, Lewis How.

1853. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Thos. B. Coats, Wm. Ferris; clerk-
James Towsley ; treasurer, Arenzo Sarles.

1854. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Henry Akin, T. B. Coates; clerk,
Wm. Hodkinson ; treasurer, Lewis How.

1855. Trustees, Henry Akin, T. B. Coates, J. Marcellus; clerk, Thomas
Coates; treasurer, Wm. Sarles.

1856. Trustees, D. A. Miner, SardisEdgarton,Wm. Ferris; clerk, Jas.
Towsley ; treasurer, Martin S. Billings.

; 1857. Trustees, Dau'l Miner, Sardis Edgarton, Robert Wilkinson ; clerk,
Joesph Smith ; treasurer, Martin S. Billings.

1858. Tnistees, !: ardis Edgarton, John Marcellus, James Ferris; clerk,
Joseph Smith; treasurer, .lames Towsley.

1859. Trustees, James Ferris, Sardis Edgarton, S. H. Stewart; clerk,
Joseph Smith; treasurer, James Towsley.

1860. Trustees, Charles Bangs, Edwin Wilcox, James Ferris; clerk,
Joseph Smith; treasurer, James Towsley.

1861. Tnistees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman, Zara Sarles; clerk,
Jos. Smith ; treasurer, James Towsley.

1862. Trustees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman, Zara Sarles ; clerk,
Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon.

1863. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, John Tompkins, Ransom Walling; clerk,
Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon.

1864. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, Stillman Tupper, Geo. Johnson; clerk,
Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon.

1865. Trustees, Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. Claflin; clerk,
Geo. S. Morrell; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1866. Trustees, Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. Claflin; clerk,
J. M. Wilcox; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1867. Trustees, Orrille Bangs, John Tompkins, Wm. Ferris; clerk, M,
G. Billings; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1868. Trustees, John Tompkins, Thos. Bolton, Wm. Spencer; clerk,
Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1869 and 1870. Trustees, T. S. Bolton, Simon Wilkinson, Hamlin Mil-
ler; clerk, Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1871. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, O. Taylor; clerk, Far-
num Gibbs ; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1872. Trustees Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Oliver Taylor; clerki
A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1873. Trustees, George Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Wm. Tompkins;
clerk, A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarlts.

1874. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, Wm. Tompkins, Freeman Norton;
clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1875. Trustees, Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton ; clerk,
Joseph Smith; treasurer, L. S. Sarles.

1876. Trustees, Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton; clerk,
A. K. Akin ; treasurer^ L. S. Sarles.

1877 and 1878. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton, Sardis Ed-
garton, Jr.; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, OUver Taylor.

1879. Trustees, Sardis Edgarton, Geo. Matthews, Joseph Turney;
clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Oliver Taylor.

POST OFFICE.

Down to 1835 the people of Eoyalton had to go to
Cleveland for their mail, except that some of them
bargained with J. W. Weld to bring their letters and
papers to them for a small compensation— fifty cents
weekly from each person thus served. In 1835 Smith
Ingalls was appointed postmaster, but as he resided
in the western part of the township, he deputized S.
K. Greenleaf, living near the center, to transact the
business. Since Mr. Ingalls' time the Royalton post-
masters have been William Towsley, Tristram Ean-
dall, Lorenzo Hopkins, W. W. Stockman, Charles W.
Foster, S. W. Chandler, Lewis Granger, Joseph W.
Smith,' Charles Bangs, M. S. Billings, Byron Babcock

and Thomas Coates; the last named being the pres-
ent incumbent.

EOYALTON CENTEE.

Eoyalton Center, the only village in the township,
occupies a pleasant and healthful elevation whence
the eye has a very fine view of the surrounding coun-
try. The village contains the town hall, three stores,
three churches, an Odd Fellows' lodge, and a hand-
some cemetery. A majority of the residents of the
township do their trading at this point, and it is there-
fore the seat of considerable business, while it is also
made attractive by the presence of many elegant rural
homes.

FIEST BAPTIST CHUECH.

Eev. Henry Hudson, an early settler in Eoyalton,
who was a doctor as well as a minister, was among
the early preachers to the Baptists of Royalton. Prior
to 1878, the members of that denomination used to
assemble frequently for prater and other public de-
votional exercises. In that year the First Baptist
Church was organized. The first members were the
following: Henry Hudson, Priscilla Hudson, James
Teachout, William Dyke, Elizabeth Dyke, William,
Lydia and John Teachout, Relief Austin, Merrick
Eockwell and Clarissa Teachout. The first deacon
was William Dyke.

The stone church at the center was the first one
built, and was erected in 1850, services, previous to
that time, having been held in school-houses and the
town-house. Thomas Eederup, Francis Norton and
John Edgarton were the building committee which
superintended its erection. The church had a mem-
bership of forty-five.

Mr. Hudson was the pastor until his death, and
served for a period of about twenty-five years — his
annual salary rarely exceeding fifty dollars. There
was a division in the church in 1838; and later, dur-
ing Rev. Mr. Oonley's time, a second one, hut the
organization is now prosperous, and contains sixty
members. The pastor is Rev. S. S. Watkins.

FEBE-WILL BAPTIST CHUECH.

The early recoi'ds of this church have been lost,
and the date of its organization is fixed, therefore, by
conjecture at about 1836.

Worship was first held at the Center, but in 1843
the location was changed to Coates' Corners.*

Public services were held there in a school-house
until 1850, when, after a protracted discussion which
had lasted several years, the present church-edifice
was erected.

On the 1st of August, 1879, the church member-
ship was thirty-eight. The pastor was Eev. J. H.
Baldwin; the trustees were George Kendall and Fran-

* An entry upon the records under date of February 18, 1843, sets
forth "that the brethren in Eoyalton met in monthly meeting, had
a good time but under some trials; received three members, J. Bunker,
M. Varny and S. Horton, and moved the church down to Coates' Cor-
ners."

514

THE TOWNSHIPS OF OtJYAHOGA COUNTY.

cis Miner, and the deacons, George Kendall and
Francis Bark.

THE DISCIPLE CHITECH.

In the year 1828 Ezra Leonard invited Mr. Hayden,
a Disciple preacher, to visit Eoyalton and hold relig-
ious services for the few of that faith who then re-
sided there. Mr. Hayden responded promptly, and
preached his first sermon in the house of John B.
Stewart. Soon afterward Edward Scofield, formerly
of the Baptist Church, moved into town, and with
Mr. Hayden preached occasionally to the Disciples.
Mr. Hayden preached in Mr. John Ferris' barn in
June, 1839, and on that occasion baptized a number
of converts.

In the autumn of 1829 a church organization was
effected. The elders then chosen were Jewett M.
Frost, John B. Stewart, Adin Dyke and William
Buck. The deacons were Almon Eastman and Henry
Bangs. The original membership of thirty has stead-
ily increased until there are now one hundred and
eight names on the roll. The elders in 1879 are
Charles Johnson, Abel Benn«t, William S. Greene
and John B. Stewart, and the deacons are Clark
Gibbs and Justin Bark. William Moody, of Lafay-
ette, preaches to the congregation once a fortnight.
The society owns a handsome church edifice at the
center, and is in the enjoyment of decided prosperity.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This body was organized about 1836, but until
1859 worship was heldiu school houses and the town-
house. In the latter year the present church-building
was erected. The organization was originally located
in the southeastern portion of Eoyalton, and, for a
time, the Stewart sehool-house was used as a house of
worship. Revs. Hugh L. Parish and — Fitch, who
organized the church, were the first preachers, at
which time the charge was included in the Brooklyn
circuit. Subsequently the church was attached suc-
cessively to the Brunswick, Hinckley and Brecksville
circuits, in which latter it still remains. The first
class-leader was Hiram Sarles, who was one of the
most prominent members of the church. The pres-
ent class-leader is James Ferris, and the trustees are
John Hall, William Babcock and James Ferris. There
are now twenty-six members. The pulpit is without
a regular pastor, depending upon occasional supplies.

ST. maet's (catholic) chuech.

In 1854 there were nine Catholic families in Royal-
ton, and in response to their request Bishop Rappe
came out from Cleveland and held services at the
house of Thomas Montague at the center. Afterward
Fathers Hannan, John and Halley were sent out to
preach occasionally, and during the time of the latter,
in 1858, the members of the congregation purchased
the building now used as a church. The first trustees
or councilmen of the church were Patrick Flynn,
William Manny and James Morris. The present
trustees are Patrick Manny and Bartholomew Lyons.

About twenty-five families now attend the church, to
whom Father Zarenczy, of Berea, preaches once a
month, performing mass, however, every week.

schools.

Authorities differ as to who was the first teacher in
Eoyalton. Oren Abbott and Wm. Towsley have
both been named as such, but the weight of evidence
is in favor of Eunice Stewart. The school-house in
which her labors were pursued was located upon the
northeast corner of section five; and there, also,
John B. Stewart — the second teacher in the town-
ship— taught shortly afterwards.

A log school-house was put up in section nineteen
at a very early date, in which Wm. Towsley was the
first teacher. After him, Abial Cushman was the
pedagogue. The teachers of that day were perhaps
imperfectly supplied with knowledge, but it is gener-
ally agreed by those whose memory extends to that
time that they were an energetic, painstaking and
industrious class of men and women.

In 1830, when the township was set off into four
school districts, there were thirty-five householders
in District No. 1, twenty-two in District No. 2, six-
teen in District No. 3, and seventeen in Dis-
trict No. 4.

The township is now supplied with nine excellent
schools, at which the average daily attendance is 244,
out of a school enumeration of 335. The township
tax for school purposes in 1879 was $1,378.

INDUSTEIES.

About 1866 James Wyatt introduced the manu-
facture of cheese as a regular business into Royalton,
and for a few years, did a thriving business. In 1869
Charles Bangs and L. S. Sarles began operations, and
carried them forward in company until 1871 when
they dissolved, and Bangs removed to his present
location, and has since then been engaged in the busi-
ness to a considerable extent. After a partnership
with A. E. Aikens of three years and continuation
on his own account until 1877, Mr. Sarles retired
from the business, leaving the field to Mr. Bangs.

Royalton was at one time esteemed a famous dairy
town, and produced a great quantity of milk, but
latterly this branch of farming has declined in pro-
portion to others, although still receiving no small
share of the husbandman's attention. Capital is
likewise invested in nurseries of which several send
to market annually a valuable list of trees, plants,
etc.

General farming is, however, the main dependence
of the people, and as the country contains a fruitful
soil, the agricultural interests are exceedingly pros-
perous; the farmers being usually in comfortable, and
often in affluent circumstances.

EMPIEB LODGE, I. O. 0. F.

Empire Lodge, No. 346, I. 0. 0. F.,"was insti-
tuted in July, 1859, with twelve charter members,

SOLON.

515

viz: Charles Bangs, Orville Bangs, Joseph W. Smith,
John Marcellus, William Frost, Thomas S. Bark,
Wesley Pope, J. T. Akers, Edwin Bangs, George
Johnson, Charles Heath and L. S. Sarles.

The lodge owns a large framed edifice at the cen-
ter (built in 1864) in the upper portion of which is a
well appointed and commodious lodge room; the lower
part being used as a store. The membership in Au-
gust, 1879, was forty, although in 1878 twenty mem-
bers withdrew upon the formation of a lodge in
Brecksville. The present officers are Geo. Mathews,
N. 6.; John Kirkland, V. G.; D. C. Marcellus, T.,
F. Lesser, R. S. ; Joseph W. Smith, P. S.

CEMETERIES.

The first public cemetery in Royalton was laid out
at the center, a tract of five acres having been bought
from John Watkins for that purpose. Upon that
tract the town hall, the Baptist church and the cem-
etery are located. The latter is now a neglected,
weed-choked and most unsightly spot. The first
death in the township was that of Catherine, wife of
Charles Coates. She was buried in a family burial
place upon the Coates farm. There are several cem-
eteries in the township, of which the finest in appear-
ance is the one at the center adjoining the Disciple
church. It is prettily adorned, and its neatly kept
walks, graceful foliage, and beautiful monuments, are
well calculated to relieve the sad thoughts which nat-
urally associate themselves with the homes of the
dead.

CHAPTER LXXXV.

SOLON.

Two Families on the VFay— Their Tedious Route— Bobbins and Bull
make the First Settlement— Oliver Wells— Arrival of Miss Delia— First
Twins— The First School- Organization of Township— Names of the
Voters— Choice of a Name— The First Officers— Chasing an Elk— First
Settlement on North Half— On Hampshire Street— Increasing Emi.
gration— R. M. Hanaford— Wm. Pillsbury at the Center— W. W. Higby
-Settlers on the Ledge— A Disgusted Stranger— First Jlarriage and
Death- First Church and Physician— Bears, Deer and Rattlesnakes-
Black Salts— Selling Sugar in Cleveland— Going Courting in Aurora—
A Professor in the Woods— The First Store— Captain Archibald Rob-
bins— General Improvement, Mails, etc.— Solon in the War— Education
—Railroads— Business Places at the Center— Congregational Church-
Disciples' Church— Methodist Church— Principal Township Officers.

In the month of August, 1820, two families, well
supplied with teams, household goods, and especially
with children, might have been seen making their tedi-
ous way along the rough road from Newburg through
Independence to Hudson in the present county of
Suttimit, and thence northeastward to Aurora, now
in Portage county, where they made their temporary
stopping-place. From that point the heads of the
two families made a thorough examination of the un-
occupied land round about, and after due considera-
tion determined to locate themselves in the west part
of the " Williams and Ellsworth " tract, which com-
prised the southern portion of township six, range ten,

then described as the survey-township of Milan, but
now known as the civil township of Solon.

The heads of those two families were Samuel Bull
and Captain Jason Robbins, both lately from Wethers-
field, Hartford county, Connecticut, and both, when
past the meridian of life (Mr. Bull being forty-five
years old and Captain Robbins fifty-eight), having
determined to try their fortunes in what was ihen
called the far western wilderness of ISTorthern Ohio.

Having erected their log-houses (those inevitable
pioneer palaces), and having made such other pre-
parations as circumstances permitted, the two men, in
the month of November, 1820, moved their famihes
from Ansom to their new homes; thus becoming the
first settlers in the present township of Solon. Al-
though these were the only two families in the town-
ship, yet they made quite a beginning in the way of
settlement, as Mr. Bull had six children and Captain
Robbins full as many.

Their places were situated on what had been an
important mail and supply route from Pittsburg to
Cleveland during the war of 1812, but which in 1820
had been abandoned in favor of the road through the
more settled regions of Independence, Hudson, etc.,
and had become impassable by reason of growing
bushes and fallen timber. It is now the direct route
from Cleveland through Solon Center to Aurora.
Their nearest neighbors were two miles to the south-
east, in the northwest corner of Aurora. In the
direction of Cleveland they could travel without see-
ing a single residence to a point within three miles of
the village of Newburg, and nine miles from their
own homes. To the westward, also, it was nine miles
to a neighbor, who resided in the southwesternmost
part of Bedford.

Of the four men and women who thus began the
settlement of Solon, all remained at their chosen loca-
tion throughout their lives. Samuel Bull died in
1838, at the age of sixty-three; Mrs. Eleanor Robbins
died in 1850, at the age of seventy-seven; Captain
Jason Robbins died in 1852, at the age of ninety;
while Mrs. Fanny Huntington Bull, the last and
oldest of the venerable quartette, survived to the re-
markable age of ninety-four, dying in the year 1872.
Of Mr. Bull's family, Pitkin S., Lorenzo S. and Nor-
man A. are still living, and it is from the second
named that we have derived the facts previously nar-
rated. Of Mr. Bobbins' family, W. W. Robbins and
Mrs. I. N. Blaekman still suivive.

The third family which settled in the township
was that of Oliver Mills, who came from the same
locality as Messrs. Robbins and Bull in the autumn
of 1821, and located on lot number forty of the
Williams and Ellsworth tract, being the southwest-
ernmost lot in the township. From this time for-
ward there were but few arrivals for nearly ten years;
the land being held at higher prices by the proprie-
tors than most emigrants were willing to pay.

We must not, however, neglect to mention one im-
portant arrival which occurred soon after Mr. Wells'

516

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

settlement in the township — that of Delia, a daugh-
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Wells, and the first white
child born in Solon. The same couple were also the
parents of the first twins born in the township, who
followed in due season after Miss Delia.

The first school in Solon was taught by John Henry
about 1833, his only patrons being Messrs. Bobbins
and Bull, who were the only two who lived near
enough to join in the enterprise. Bobbins furnished
four children and Mr. Bull three. The price was
ten dollars a month and board, and, according to Mr.
L. S. Bull, his father paid in shoemaking and Cap-
tain Bobbins in maple sugar.

Although emigration was slow, yet a few settlers did
arrive, and by 1835 there were eight voters m the town-
ship: Messrs. Bobbins, Bull and Wells, already named,
young P. S. Bull, then just come of age, and four
new arrivals, John C. Carver, C. M. Leach, Thomas
Marshall and Ichabod Watrous — all in the south part
of the township. Down to this time the survey-
township of Milan had remained a part of the civil
township of Orange, but in the year last named the
eight gentlemen mentioned, thinking perhaps that it
would attract attention and emigration, determined to
have an organization of their own. On their petition
the county commissioners set ofE Milan into a separate
township, and ordered an election of officers.

By general consent the other settlers accoi-ded to
Messrs. Bull and Bobbins, as the earliest pioneers, the
privilege of naming the new township. They were
desirous of commemorating some name connected
with one of their families, but as neither Bulltown
nor Bobbinsburg seemed to sound exactly right, they
finally agreed to adopt the second name of Mr. Bull's
second son, Lorenzo Solon Bull, now the worthy post-
master at Solon Center. The complaisant commis-
sioners confirmed the appellation, and tluis the name
of the great Grecian lawgiver was applied (although
at second hand) to one of the pleasant and fertile
townships of Cuyahoga county.

At the first election the following officers were
chosen: Trustees, Juson Bobbins, Samuel Bull, Icha-
bod Watrous; clerk, Jason Bobbins; treasurer, Pitkin
S. Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the
poor, Pitkin S. Bull; justice of the peace, Oliver
Wells. The list is furnished us by the numerously
elected Pitkin S. Bull, the only survivor of the official
five to whom the eight offices were allotted.

Solon, when first settled, like all the rest of the
Western Beserve, abounded in wild game; not only
were wolves, deer, bear, etc., to be found there in
great numbers, but occasionally even tlie lofty elk
was to be seen bearing aloft his wide-branching horns
adown the forest glade, and starting in sudden dismay
at the faintest sound of the woodman's axe. These
stately animals, however, very speedily disappeared.
In 1831, the year after the first settlement, P. S. Bull
and Warren Warner chased a large buck elk for three
days through Milan (Solon) and the adjoining town-
ships, it being finally killed in Northfield (now in

Summit county) by a third hunter, who struck its
track a little ahead of the unlucky Milanese and
gained the prize. This was, so far as known, the last
elk seen in the township. Bear remained a few years
longer, and other wild game was abundant till a far
later period.

The first settlement in the north half of the town-
ship was made about 1837 by John Morse, who located
near the old State road before mentioned (running
from Cleveland to Aurora, etc.), not far from the
Bedford line. He was followed within two or three
years by Joseph G. Patrick, Baxter Clough, — Gerish
and others, from the State of New Hampshire; for
which reason that road has been called Hampshire
street down to the present time. John C. Sill settled
in the township in 1831, and Walter Stannard and
John Hodge about the same time. Mr. Martle settled
in the extreme northwest part of the township.

And now the tide of emigration began to rise rap-
idly. In 18-33 Beubeu M. Hanaford settled in Hamp-
shire street, about a mile and a half northwestward
from the center. He is still living at the latter place,
and we are indebted to his vigorous memory for many
facts regarding the history of the township subsequent
to his arrival. Not a tree had then been cut within
a mile of the center. William Pillsbury, however,
purchased the land around the center that same year.
No roads were cut out in that jjart of the township,
and no wagons were in use. There were merely paths
through the woods, traversed summer and winter by
ox-sleds.

William W. Higby was then working in Solon,
where he has ever since been a permanent resident.
Elijah Pettibone settled that year (1833) in the south-
east part of the township, where he and his sons have
since been permanent citizens. William W. Eichards,
C. E. Fletcher and John Hale all came that year or
the next, and settled in the south and northwest parts
of the township. These, including Pettibone, were
all from Jefferson county. New York.

The first settlers in the north part, on what is.
known as "The Ledge," were Elisha Wilmott and
Albert Pond, who located there about 1833. These
were soon followed by Abraham Witter, George H.
Mason, Stephen Dunwell and Alvin Harrington,
most of these in this section being from Maine.
Deacon John Barnard settled in the township about
1833.

The ground at the center being low and somewhat
wet, that was one of the last points to be settled. An
anecdote related by Mr. Hanaford shows the unpleas-
ant impression which the township, artd especially
that portion of it, made upon strangers at the period
of which we are speaking. Several roads had been
laid out, meeting at the center, but none had been
cat out, all being designated only by lines of marked
trees. Having occasion to go to Twinsburg, during
the first year of his residence in the township, Mr.
Hanaford followed the line of marked trees south to
that point, and then returned by the same track to

SOLON.

517

the center. As he approached the latter point toward
nightfall, he saw a man on horseback looking anxious-
ly at the various indications of highways yet to be.

"See here, stranger," he exclaimed, immediately
on observing Mr. Hanaford, "I wish you would tell
me which way I ought to go to get out of this in-
fernal town."

"Well," replied Mr. Hanaford, "that depends on
where you want to go to. This line of marked trees,"
pointing south, "leads to Twinsburg; that one runs
southwest to Aurora; that one due north will take
you to Orange; this one on the west " —

"No matter about that," interrupted the traveler;
"I've just came from the west through that cursed
swamp, and I'll swear I don't want to go that way.
I don't care where these other trails go to either; all
I want to know is which is the quickest way out of
town. "

Mr. Hanaford gave him the distances to the various
points mentioned, the stranger selected the nearest
one and immediately started toward it at a rapid pace.
Scarcely had he got out of sight when the wolves
were heard howling in the forest; a circumstance
which probably did not diminish his anxiety to get
"out of town," and which caused Mr. Hanaford to
hasten^his pace materially on his way home.

The first man who built, a house at the Center
was Freeman McClintoek, who located there in
1833 or '33. He resided there in his log cabin two
or three years before any joined him.

The axes of the woodmen now resounded on every
side, and in three years after Mr. Hanaford's arrival,
in 1833, nearly all the land in the township had been
purchased from the original proprietors.

It was not until about 1833 that the first marriage
took place in Solon, the parties being Baxter Olough
and Hannah Gerrish, both of "Hampshire street,"
the ofiSciating magistrate being Oapt. John Eobbins,
the second justice of the peace in Solon.

The first death was that of Mrs. Thomas Marshall,
which occurred in 1834, fourteeij years after the
settlement of the township. There being, naturally,
no burying-ground in Solon before there was a death,
she was taken to what was called the Seward burying-
ground, in Aurora, for interment. Several other of
the Solon pioneers also rest there.

By this time both the Presbyterians and the Meth-
odists had begun to hold meetings in the township—
in fact, Presbyterian meetings were held at Mr. Han-
aford's house as early as 1833. In 1834 or '35 a reg-
ular church of that denomination was formed, being
composed largely of the New Englanders on Hamp-
shire street. A year or so later they built the first
church edifice in the township, at the Center. It was
the second frame building there, and was placed on
high posts ("stilts," some called them) on account of
the dampness of the soil. A separate sketch will be
given of this church with the others.

In 1834 the first physician, Dr. Alpheus Morrill,
settled in Solon. He remained several years.

The same year that the doctors began to come the
bears disappeared. Mr. S. S. Bull mentions that the
last of those animals was seen in Solon in 1834. In
that year four were killed in the township ; one by
Thomas Marshall, one by S. S. Bull, one by William
W. Higby, and one very large one, weighing about
four hundred pounds, by Jason Eobbins, 3nd.

The deer still continued quite numerous, and many
a jolly hunt was enjoyed by the youth of Solon.
William W. Higby stood at the head of the Nimrods
of that township, and had hardly a rival in tlie country
round, excepting Hiram SpofEord, of Bedford, who
hunted largely in Solon. Neither of them consid-
ered it a very remarkable feat to kill from six to eight
fat deer in the course of a day, while as to raccoons,
turkeys, etc., they numbered their victims by the
hundreds every season.

Rattlesnakes, too, were extremely frequent through-
out the pioneer period, especially on "the ledge"
in the northern part of the township. One night
when Albert Pond got up to attend to his sick child
he was somewhat startled to find a large, yellow
rattlesnake stretched out comfortably in front of
the embers of the fire. Similar unpleasant en-
counters with these reptiles were not uncommon,
but we do not hear of any fatal results — except to the
snakes.

The early exports of Solon consisted of maple sugar,
"black salts," and deerskins. The "black salts,"
as is known by all the older citizens, were the results
of boiling down the ley made from the ashes which
could be produced in abundance by every energetic
settler in clearing his own land. These were gen-
■ erally sold at Newburg. As they could speedily be
transformed into pot- and pearl-ashes, which might
be shipped cast at slight expense, they would bring
cash, when grain was almost unsaleable from the
fact that the -transportation cost nearly or quite as
much as it was worth in the Eastern markets.

As for sugar and molasses, each man who had a
surplus when the maple-sugar season was on, put it
in a wagon and started with an ox-team for Cleve-
land, occupying two days in the trip. There he
would take a pail and a pair of steelyards and drive
from house to house, selling from ten to fifty pounds
in a place. If even a merchant took a whole barrel,
he was thought to be doing a wholesale business.

While many young married men, with their fami-
lies, came into Solon at this period, a large propor-
tion of the settlers were bachelors. Nearly every one
of these, as soon as he had made a little clearing and
built a log cabin, would start for the nearest settle-
ment, hunt up a good-looking girl and go to courting
her with a straightforward energy which seldom
failed of success. As Aurora (Portage county) was
the oldest settled township in the vicinity, and the
most convenient of access, and was also blessed with
an ample supply of handsome, agreeable and indus-
trious young ladies, the solitary Solonites betook
themselves thither in large numbers, and with emi-

518

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

nent good fortune, a larger proportion of the pioneer
mothers of Solon coming from Aurora than from any
other township on the Reserve.

Even after tlie building of the Presbyterian Church
at the Center, it was sometimes difficult for the min-
isters wlio were to preach in it to find their way to the
house of the Lord through the thinly-settled woods
of Solon. Professor Reuben Nutting, of Western
Reserve College at Hudson, who occasionally preached
there, got belated one cool Saturday night in autumn,
when on his way thither on horseback, lost his way
when within a mile of the meeting-house, and, after
wandering around for a long time, finally became sat-
isfied that he could not find his way out. The pro-
fessor had evidently been deeply impressed by the
sanitary precept, " Keep your feet warm and your
head cool." Having hitched his horse and taken off
the saddle, with the invariable saddle-bags, which
formed a part of every minister's equipment in those
days, he took the "comfoi-ter" from his neck, cut it
in two, wrapped the pieces around his feet, and then
bestowed his pedal extremities, one in each of the
saddle-bags. Thus protected, he lay down on the dry-
est place he could find, and it is to be presumed that,
whatever may have been his sufferings in other re-
spects, he didn't catch cold in his feet. The next
morning he found his way to the waiting, congrega-
tion, but was too much exhausted to speak until after-
noon.

It was not ui'til about 1840 that Solon was far
enough advauced to support a store. The first one
was then established at the center by Captain Archi-
bald Robbins, son of Captain Jason Robbins, the
early settler before mentioned, who had become a
resident of the township many years after his father.
The younger Captain Bobbins had had a very roman-
tic and thrilling experience. He had been the mate
of Captain Riley, whose "Narrative" was once read
with delighted interest by thousands of youth
throughout the country. Riley and Robbins, with
their crew, had been cast ashore on the western coast
of Africa; had been captured by Arabs, and had only
escaped after along and painful captivity.

Captain Robbins also published a narrative of his
adventures, but it was not as widely known as that of
Captain Riley, perhaps because the former, being a
very plain, straightforward man, did not embellish
his account with the productions of his imagination
sufficiently to suit the popular taste. After jiaving
subsequently been in chief command of various ves-
sels for a number of years, and after keeping a store
a few years at Griffithsburg, now in the township of
Chagrin Falls, Captain Robbins had finally estab-
lished himself in Solon, where he died in 1859 at the
age of sixty-seven. Besides his store at the center he
had an ashery, where he made black salts and pearl-
ash, which for a long time were almost legal tender
among the settlers.

We have now given a brief sketch of the pioneer
times in Solon. After 1840 the township rapidly

assumed the appearance of a cultivated country.
Framed houses superseded log ones on all the princi-
pal roads, and in time even the byroads showed the
same signs of thrift and prosperity. The population
steadily increased. The deer disappeared before the
advancing waves of civilization. A small village
slowly grew up at Solon Center, whither the farmers
brought a portion of their products, while the re-
mainder was furnished a I'eady market by the re-
markable growth of Cleveland. A steam sawmill was
built at the center before the war of 1861 by — John-
son, which is still in operation there, being owned by
John Cowen. Another steam sawmill with a large
cheese-box factory connected with it was erected by
Calvin Gilfert, and operated by him until it was de-
stroyed by fire a few years since.

At length came the war for the Union, when the
youth of Solon promptly responded to their country's
call. The deeds of the regiments in which they were
embodied are recorded in their appi'opriate place in
the general history, and the names of the gallant sons
of Solon are to be found with their comrades from
other towns appended to their lespective regiments
•and batteries. A detachment of the first recruits
Joined the Twenty-third Ohio, President Hayes' regi-
ment. Eacli of these was presented with a pistol by
the patriotic ladies of the township. An interesting
incident, growing out of this circumstance and con-
nected with Corporal Sheridan E. Bull, son of Loren-
zo S. Bull and grandson of Samuel Bull, the pioneer
settler, is narrated in the sketch of that regiment in
the general history.

Aside from war, the most important event in the
history of the township in later years has been the
construction of the Cleveland branch of the Atlantic
and Great Western Railway, which runs diagonally
across the township from northwest to southeast.
The establishment of its depot about a fourth of a
mile northwest of the original "Center," has caused
a considerable extension of the village in that direc-
tion.

Great attention has always been paid to education
in Solon, and it still ranks among the foremost rural
townships of northern Ohio in that respect. In 18G7
and '68 a very fine brick school-house was erected at
the center designed for the use of the village district,
and as a high school for the township. There are
two teachers in it, and about seventy scholars.

In 1878 a narrow gauge railroad was completed
from Chagrin Falls to Solon. Its effect in increasing
the business of the latter place s yet to be seen.
The business places and shops of Solon now comprise
the following list: Four general stores, one drug
store, one tin shop, one hotel, two blacksmith shops,
one shoe shop and one steam sawmill. Of late years
dairying has become a leading business of the farmers,
and there are now five cheese factories in the town-
ship.

The remainder of the township history will be de-
voted to brief sketches of the three churches which

SOLOl?.

519

have been organized in it, and to a list of the principal
township officers. '•

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. '

As hefore stated, this church was organized in 1834
or '35, the presiding minister having been Rev. John
Seward, of Aurora, Portage connty. The first mem-
bers were Joseph Patrick and Amanda, his wife; Bax-
ter Clough and Hannah, his wife; Samuel Gerrish and
Betsey, his wife; John Morse, his mother and his
sister Prudence; Asa Stevens and Susan, his wife,
and R. M. Hanaford and Nancy, his wife. Probably
William Pillsbury and wife, and Horace Merry were
also among those present at the organization; if not,
they joined shortly afterward. Asa Stevens was one
of the first deacons.

For about a year the church usually met at the
house of old Mrs. Morse, a mile or so northwest of
the Center. At the end of that time the framed
cliurch, still in use, was erected at the Center. Dur-
ing eleven yeai's there was no settled minister, the
pulpit being filled by professors from Western Reserve
College, by occasional supplies, by lay readers, etc.
In 1845 Rev. John Seward, the same who had or-
ganized the church, became its permanent pastor, and
remained so until 1861. The church has since main-
tained itself in a condition of steady prosperity.
There are now about one hundred persons whose
names are on the roll, of whom at least eighty are
regular communicants. Rev. James Webster is the
present pastor, 1878.

THE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

Disciple meetings were held at Solon as early as
1840. On the 29th of November, 1841, a church was
fully organized there, with thirteen members. It has
flourished and increased ever since, having now about
a hundred members. Among its ministers have been
the following: J. H. Rhoads, J. H. Jones, T. B.
Knowles, James A. Garfield, H. W. Everest, John
Smith, 0. C. Hill, John Atwater, A. B. Greene, and
the present incumbent, 0. W. Henry. The elders are
L. S. Bull, H. P. Boynton and C. S. Carver; the
deacons, F. H. Baldwin, M. J. Roberts and W. W.
Robbins; the trustees, F. H.- Baldwin, W. W. Rob-
bins and J. J. Little.

THE METHODIST CHURCH.

There was Methodist preaching at the school-house
on " the ledge " in the north part of the township
as early as 1840, and soon afterwards at the school-
house at the Center, but it was not until 1854 that a
church edifice was built, and regular service estab-
lished. There was then quite a flourishing congrega-
tion, but it has since become so enfeebled by removals,
deaths, etc., that it is impossible to learn the details
regarding its early history.

Preaching was regularly maintained from the erec-
tion of the church edifice most of the time until
about 1869. Rev. Mr. Vernon was the pastor in 1866,

Rev. Mr. Latimer in 1868, and .Rev. Mr. Burgess in
1869. Since then, the congregation have had to de-
pend principally on transient preaching.

PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS,

The township records down to 1838 are destroyed
or lost; so that we can only give the names of the
officers elected from that time to the present, with
the addition of those chosen the first year, who were
as follows: Trustees, Jason Robbins, Samuel Bull
and Ichabod Watkins; clerk, Jason Robbins; treas-
urer, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the poor, Pitkin S.
Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; justice of the peace,
Oliver Wells.

1838. Trustees, Samuel Glasier, James M. Hickox. Jarvis McCon-
oughy; clerk, Joseph G. Patrick; treasurer, Freeman McClintoek; over-
seers of the poor, Collins Reed, William Higby.

1889. Trustees, S. Glasier, Wm. Higby, Ralph Russell; clerk, J. G.
Patrick; treasurer, Reuben M. Hanaford; overseers of the poor. Col,
lins Reed, Seymour Trowbrdge.

1840. Trustees, S. M. Hickox, J. G. Patrick, Theodore S. Powell;
clerk, Archibald Robbins; treasurer, R. M. Hanaford; overseers of the
poor, Wm. R. Richards, James MoConoughy.

1841. Trustees, Morris Bosworth, Obadiah B. Judd; clerk, John M.
Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; overseers of the poor, Wm. Higby,
Henry Hillman.

1843. Trustees, Ebenezer Gove, Daniel Morae, Caleb R. Fletcher;
clerk, H. W. Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; assessor. Arch. Robbins;
overseers of the poor, W. W. Robbins, Asa Stevens.

1843. Trustees, Leander Chamberlin, Joel Seward, Wm. Higby; clerk,
A. Robbins: treasurer, Asa Stevens; assessor, J. M. Hart; overseers of
the poor, Samuel Glasier, Geo. Mann.

1844. Trustees, Simeon T. Shepard, Sanford H. Bishop, Seymour
Trowbridge; clerk, A. Robbins; treasurer, Joel Seward; assessor, J. G.
Patrick; overseers of the poor, John McClintoek, James Smith.

1845. Trustees, S. H. Smith, W. W. Richards, L. S. Bull; clerk, A.
Robbins; treasurer, S. T. Shepard; assessor, R. M. Hanaford; over-
seers of the poor, John McClintoek, S. Trowbridge.

1846. Trustees, Joel Seward, H. W. Hart, E. Cook; clerk, L. S. Bull;
treasurer, A. Robbins ; assessor, O. B. Judd.

1847. Trustees, C. R. Fletcher, Simon Norton, S. H. Bishop; clerk,
John Deady ; treasurer, J. M. Hickox; assessor, Almon Case.

1848. Trustees, Daniel Morse, Wm. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull;
clerk, Wm. R. Robbins; treasurer, John M. Hart; assessor, R. M. Han-
aford.

1849. Trustees, Henry G. March, Leander Chamberlain, E. Gove;
clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, J. G. Patrick; assessor, L. S. Bull.

1850. Trustees, H. G. March, Wm. R. Sill, S. Trowbridge ; clerk, Ed-
mund Richmond; treasurer, A. Robbins; assessor, S. H. Bishop.

1851. Trustees. S. Trowbridge, Richard Dewey, Francis Pettibone;
clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, A. Robbins; assessor, O. B. .ludd.

1852. Trustees, Robert Smith, C. R. Smith, W. W. Robbins; clerk, W.
W. Barnard; treasurer, J. J. McClintoek; assessor, Austin Blaokman.

1853 Trustees, W. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull, Orris B. Smith ;
clerk, Wm. R. Robbins ; treasurer, Geo. S. Hickox ; assessor, F. Petti-
bone.

1854. Trustees, J. M. Hickox, Dexter McClintoek, Wm. Higby; clerk,
John Deady; treasurer, Wm. B. Price; Assessor, F. Pettibone.

1855. Trustees, Calvin T. Reed, H. G. March, S. T. Shepard; clerk,
John Deady; treasurer. W. B. Price; assessor, F. Pettibone.

1856. Trustees, Daniel, Calvin Gilbert, Augustus Pettibone; clerk,

S. B. Smith: treasurer, W. B. Price; assessor, G. Gove.

1858. Trustees, R. M. Hanaford, C. H. Baldwin, L. Chamberlain;
clerk, Wm. K. Ricksecker; treasurer, C. Gilbert; assessor, Norman A

Bull.

1859. Trustees, R. M. Hanaford, S. T. Shepherd, O. B. Smith; clerk,
W. K. Ricksecker; treasurer, W. R. Robbins; assessor, H. A. Smith.

1860. Trustees, H. N. Slade, James Wester, R. Dewey; clerk, R. R. K.
Merrill; treasurer, C. B. Lockwood; assessor, H. A. Smith.

1861. Trustees, H. N. Slade, C. Chamberlain, G. G. Hickox; clerk,
Hiram Chapman ; treasurer, C. B. Lockwood ; assessor, A. Blackman.

1862. Trustees, G. G. Hickox, Alfred Stevens, Royal Taylorand; clerk,
W. R. Robbins; treasurer, C. B. Lockvfood; assessor, C. H. Baldwin.

1863. Trustees, Royal Taylor 2nd, O. B. Smith, Alfred D. Robbins;
clerk, R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, J. C. Webster; assessor, C. H. Bald-
win.

1864. Trustees, O. B. Smith, A. N. Slade, J. N. Blackman ; clerk, A.
M. Smith; treasurer, A. D. Robbins; assessor, L. S. Bull.

1865. Trustees, H.N. Slade, J. M. Hickox, S. P. McConoughy; clerk,
A. M.Smith; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, C. T. Reed.

620

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1866. Trustees, 0. H. Carmon, Fenner Bosworth, J. M. Hickox; clerk,
J. L. Chamberlain; treasurer, E, C. Blaokman; assessor, H. A. Smith.

1867. Trustees, J. M. Jlickox, F. Bosworth, H A. Smith; clerk, J. L.
Ohamherlin; treasurer, E, C. Blaokman; assessor, L. Chamberlain.

1868. Trustees, C. L. Chamberlain, H. A. Smith, James Webster;
clerk, J. S. Chamberlain ; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, L. Cham-
berlain.

1869. Trustees, 0. L. Chamberlain. N. A. Bull, F. Bosworth; clerk.
W. F. Hale; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, Wm. J. McConoughy.

1870. Trustees, N. A. Bull, Thomas Potter, H. Haster; clerk, E. R. K.
Merrill; treasurer, R. "U'. Collins; assessor, Wm. J. McConoughy.

1871. Trustees, Thos. Potter, H._A. Smith, J. N. Blackman; clerk, E-
R. K. Merrill; treasurer, E. W. Collins; assessor, W. J. McConoughy.

1873. Trustees, J. N. Blackman, Richard Davey, O. B. Smith; clerk,
R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy.

1873. Trustees, O. B, Smith, W. W. Robbins, E. Dewey; clerk, W. P.
Hanaf ord ; treasurer, W. F. Hale ; assessor, L. S. Bull.

1874. Trustees, Walter W. Eobbins, Chester S. Carver; clerk, John
Deady; treasurer, Erskine Merrill ; assessor, L. Chamberlain.

1875. Ti-ustees, Francis Pettibone, Daniel McAfee, Richard Dewey;
clerk, John Deady; treasurer, E. E. Merrill; assessor, L. Chamberlin.

1876. Trustees, L. D. Hanaford, J. N. Blackman, D. McAfee; clerk,
W. F. Hanaford; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy.

1877. Trustees, J. N. Blackman, H. L. March. G. H. Baldwin; clerk,
F. A. Hale; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy.

1878. Trustees, A. Pettibone, James Harper, H. L, March ; clerk, F.
A. Hale; treasurer, W. F, Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy,

187a. Trustees, C. H. Baldwin, Feuuer Bosworth, A. H. Chamber-
lin; clerk, W. C. Lawrence; treasurer, W. C. Lawrence; assessor, W. J.
McConoughy.

CHAPTER LXXXVI.

STKONGSVILLE.

When Settled— Its Surface— Its Early Owners— J. S. Strong, Agenf^-
The First Pioneers— First Woman and Child— The Survey— Unwelcome
Intruders— An Indian Visitor— The Second Family— Going after Grain
—First Marriage— First Birth— Emigrants of 1817— Progress— First
Church— Township Organization— First Officers— The First Physician
—Emigrants of 1818— Underbrushing the Eoad— First Framed Build-
ing—First Death— Emigrants of 1819— First Tavern and Gristmill— An i-
vals of 1820— Panther vs. Owl— Good Health —Indians— Second Grist-
mill—A Check on Emigration— The Vote of 1824— Scarce Money—
"Black Salts "—A Potash Campaign— First Store Building— The Town
House, Etc— Log Eaisings— Bark Torches— A Bear Hunt— Settlement
at Albion— Flush Times— Carding Machine, Woolen Factory, Etc.— The
Borough of Albion— Extinct Churches— The Great Fire- Subsequent
Business- Final Decline- The Quiet Center— The War for the Union—
Since the War— List of Official and Professional Men— The Free Con.
gregational Church— The List of Township Officers.

This township, which in the survey of the Western
Reserve was number five, in range fourteen, though
it was sold by the Indians in 1805, and though its
boundaries were surveyed in 1806, as related in the
general history of the county, was not settled by white
men until the close of the war of 1813. Situated on
the southern line of Cuyahoga county, its twenty-five
square miles were composed chiefly of high, dry land,
covered with beech, maple, oak, elm, etc., somewhat
broken, but not too much so for tillage, and nearly
all capable of being converted into excellent farms.
Through it meandered, in a northwesterly direction,
the east branch of Rocky -river, with several small
creeks, all finding their way into that stream.

In the allotment of the western part of the Reserve
among the members of the Connecticut Land Com-
pany as individual owners, humber five, in range four-
teen, was assigned to Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, an emi-
nent Connecticut statesman. Governor Caleb Strong,
of that State, and to two other gentlemen who owned
only extremely small fractions. The shares of Mr.
Ellsworth and Governor Strong were about equal.

the former owning to the amount of $13,673, and the
latter to that of $12,000, while both the other shares
amounted to only four hundred and fourteen dollars.
Mr. Ellsworth having died, his interest passed to his
heirs, William W. and H. L. Ellsworth. In 1815
the owners appointed John Stoughton Strong, an en-
terprising citizen of Connecticut, already arrived at
middle age, but full of the vigor and courage of
youth, to act as their agent in the sale and settlement
of number five.

It was in the month of February, 1816, that the
first band of settlers, having made their tedious way
from Connecticut in sleighs, entered the territory
afterwards known as the township of Strongville. It
was led by John S. Strong, the gentleman just men-
tioned, a small, active, nervous man, full of untiring
energy, well suited to the task of opening a new coun-
try, and was composed, besides him, of Elijah Lyman,
Guilford Whitney, William Fuller, Obadiah Church,

and Goodell. Mr. Strong selected a point only

a few rods northwest of the center of the township,
where the village of Strongville is now located, as the
place for his own residence and the headquarters of
the infant colony. Axes were speedily ringing in the
forest, and a log house was soon erected to serve the
party for shelter while surveying the township into
lots.

To that cabin in the forepart of March, 1816, came
John Hilliard, accompanied by his wife (the first white
woman who ever resided in StrongsviJle township), and
his young daughter, Eliza. Mrs. Hilliard took up
her residence in the log mansion and became the
housekeeper of the party. A surveyor was obtained
from Newburg, and the work of subdividing the
township into lots was speedily begun. Whitney,
Goodell, Church and Fuller acted as chain-men. The
lots were made half a mile square, thus containing a
hundred and sixty acres each. Had the townships
been just five miles square, as was originally intend-
ed, there would have been just a hundred lots of that
size. A hundred lots were actually surveyed, but the
five miles east and west did not quite hold out, and
the lots in the westernmost tier were only about a
third of a mile wide. They were numbered, begin-
ning with number one in the southwestern corner,
thence running north to number ten, in the north,
western corner, thence back in the next tier on the
east to number twenty, and so on forth and back,
closing with number one hundred in the noi'theastern
corner.

The survey was the principal business of the season,
though two or three small clearings were made. Mrs.
Hilliard, who was then only twenty-one years old,
was the only woman in the township throughout the
spring and summer, and had her share of the adven-
tures natural to such a situation. One morning after
breakfast, while sweeping the rough floor of the cabin,
she heard a sharp rattle and saw a large snake lying
on the warm hearth, whither it had just crawled from
under the floor. She called some of the men who

Steongsville.

531

were working near the house, who speedily came in
and dispatched the intruder. It was foimd to be an
enormous specimen oyer five feet in length. After it
had been duly examined and then thrown out of
doors, the men returned to their work and Mrs. Hil-
liard resumed her sweeping. Ere it was completed
she heard another angry rattling beneath the floor.
The men were again summoned, the loose floor was
opened and another large rattlesnake, the mate of the
former, was killed and dragged out.

Indians frequently came wandering over their
former hunting-grounds. One day during the sum-
mer in question while the men were all gone to a
raising in the adjoining township of Columbia (now
in Lorain county, but then a part of Cuyahoga), a
huge warrior, armed with gun, knife and tomahawk,
sauntered into the cabin where Mrs. Hilliard was
alone with her little daughter and gruffly asked:
"Where is the man?" She answered indefinitely
that he was not at home. The visitor made no hos-
tile demonstrations, but tiie numerous stories of In-
dian atrocities during the recent war were enough to
make any mother's heart beat with unwonted quick-
ness under such circumstances. The warrior, unbid-
den, seated himself in a chair, when the little girl,
with' all the fearlessness of infancy, toddled up and
offered him the piece of bread and butter which she
was eating. He promptly accej^ted it, and, while
«ating, took the little one upon his knee and caressed
it. The mother looked on with trembling, but, after
finishing his bread and butter, the savage soon left
the house to her very great relief.

About the first of October, another family was
added to the little settlement; Guilford Whitney then
bringing from Connecticut his wife and his four chil-
dren, Plavel, Jubal, Vina and Betsey— also a young
lady named Charlotte Wallace. Later in the same
month Abial Haynes, then a young man, came from
the same "land of steady habits," to examine the lo-
cality. His report must have been favorable, for a
year later his father, Ahijah Haynes, Sr., located in
the new colony with his family including a younger
brother, Ahijah Haynes, Jr. Both Abial and Ahijah
Haynes, Jr., still live at Strongsville Center, being
two of the very oldest surviving residents of the town-
ship.

Not only was there no grain in the new settlement,
hut it was extremely scarce in the older localities
around, owing to the cold summer of 1816. Mr.
Abial Haines mentions that in January, 1817, he was
compelled to go as far as Harrisville, (now on the
south line of Medina county) some thirty miles dis-
tant from Strongsville, to obtain wheat. The road
could with difficulty be traveled by a yoke of oxen
with a sled; the wolves came in sight afber dusk,
showing their angry teeth, but declining to come in
reach of young Haines stout club, and after he arrived
in Harrisville he had to thresh his wheat and winnow
it with a "hand-fan" before he could get it. The
price was a dollar a bushel.

During the winter of 1816-17 the first marriage
took place in the township; the groom being HoUis
Whitney and the bride being the Miss Charlotte Wal-
lace before mentioned as accompanying Guilford Whit-
ney's family the preceding autumn.

Early in 1817 came Chipman Porter, whose son
Edwin, born shortly afterwards, was the first white
child born in town. John Hilliard 's eldest son,
Frank, who came into the world only a few days later,
was the second one.

The other immigrants of this year, so far as known,
were George P. Gilbert, James Nichols, David Good-
win, Seth Goodwin, Wheeler Cole, Thatcher Avery,
James Bennett, Thaddeus Ball, and John and James
Smith. This was a large immigration for a single
township, and great prosperity was expected. Peo-
ple came much more readily to the high, but dry and
healthy, land of number five than to the more level,
but damper, ground of Middleburg. Axes were
heard in every direction, and log houses rose in various
parts of the township in quick succession. John
Bosworth cleared fifty acres for Mr. Strong, thirty of
which were sown to wheat that fall. Numerous
smaller clearings were made, many tracts were sown
to wheat, and the township bade fair to be speedily
independent of the outer world, so far as food was
concerned. The religious habits of old Connecticut
were imported by the colonists, and on the 10th of
October the First Congregational Church was organ-
ized, of which a separate sketch is given a few pages
farther on.

Such rapid progress incited the principal men to
apply to the county commissioners to erect number
five into a separate civil township. Their petition
was granted, and the name of Strongsville was given
to the new township, in honor of its most prominent
citizen, John S. Strong. On the 18th day of Febru-
ary, 1818, the first election was held for the purpose
of organizing the township. It was presided over
by Bphraim Vaughn, Esq., a justice of the peace of
Middleburg. The judges of election were James
Nichols, David Goodwin, and Chipman Porter. The
following officers were elected: Trustees, John Dins-
more, James Nichols, James Smith; clerk, Seth
Goodwin; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; fence-viewers,
James Bennett, Benjamin G. Barber; constables, Jas.
Nichols and G. F. Nichols; supervisors of highways,
John Bosworth, John Dinsmore, and B. G. Barber.
The last-named official declined, and Abial Haynes
was appointed in his place. At a special election the
following June, James Nichols and Ahijah Haynes,
Sr., were elected the first justices of the peace.

In the spring of this year Mr, J. S. Strong brought
his family from Connecticut — except those who,
having reached man's estate, h:.d already emigrated
to Strongsville. The whole list embraced the names
of Warner C, Lyman W., John, Chipman, Emery,
Beuda, Franklin, and Lavinia. Another large fam-
ily which settled in Strongsville this year was that of
Joseph Olds, among the members of which were Ed-

532

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COtJNTY.

son B. Olds (afterward celebrated in Ohio politics),
G. L. , L. W. , 0. N. , and Dr. Benj. B. Olds. The last-
named immediately began practice at " the center,"
becoming the first physician in Strongsville. Still
other emigrants of 1818 were Liakim Lyon and fam-
ily, Josiah Carpenter and family (including his sons
Caleb, Zachary, David and Eufus); Zara D. Howe
and family (including Manser, A. P. and Z. D.); Otis
and N". D. Billings, Mrs. McNeil, Mrs. G. G. Olds,
and Apollo S. Southworth. A young man named
Ansel G. Pope also came the same year, and estab-
lished the first blacksmith shop in the township.
Mr. Pope, sixty-one years later, still resides at
Strongsville, in a remarkably hale and vigorous old
age.

One of Eliakim Lyon's family, D. S. Lyon, then a
boy of eleven, is also still a resident of the township.
He says that when he came there was hardly a stick
of timber cut between Strongsville and Cleveland.
The same autumn of their arrival the main road,
which afterward became the turnpike, was "under-
brushed out" four rods wide, all the brush and sap-
lings under six inches in diameter being cut away.
As for the larger trees, travelers were expected for
a year or two more to make their way between them.
Mr. Eliakim Lyon settled a mile west of the present
residence of D. S. Lyon, and about a mile from the
south line of the township. The Goodwins and a
Mr. Bennett were all who had then penetrated thus
far to the southwest. Mi-. Lyon for a long time oc-
cupied Mr. Bennett's house. The wolves were so
thick and so saucy around them, that one evening
when Mr. Lyon, tired of their howling, let his big dog
out into the woods, in hopes to scare them away, they
quickly chased him back, almost to the very threshold
of the cabin.

During the same summer Mr. J. S. Strong erected
a framed barn, the first framed building in the town-
ship. The raising was a great event, attended by all
the men of Strongsville, and probably by some out-
siders from Middleburg and Columbia. When the
work was completed the men ranged themselves on one
of the plates, in accordance with the ancient custom,
passed a bottle of whisky from mouth to mouth until
all had partaken, and then gave three rousing cheers,
while the last man flung the bottle as far as his arm
could send it.

The celebrated " Hinckley hunt" occurred in De-
cember of this year, in which nearly all the men of
Strongsville took part, but as there were also numer-
ous participants from several other townships of Cuy-
ahoga county, we have given a description of it in the
general history.

The expenses of "running" the new township were
very light, but the resources were still more meager.
At the March meeting of the trustees in 1819, the
expenditures for the past year footed up $16.50; the
collections $8.30.

In the month just named occurred the first death
in the colony, that of Stoughton Strong, at the age

of nineteen. The second was that of Polly, wife of
Lyman Strong, who died on the 8th of May, 1819, at
the age of twenty-one.

The newcomers of this year were Jonathan Pope
and family, Ebenezer Wilkinson and family, Seth
Bartlett and family, James Waite, Moses Fowle,
David E. Hier, Luther, Samuel and Elijah Bosworth,
Chester G. and Ezra Tuttle, Jr., John Colton and
family, and Jeduthan Freeman and family.

During the summer a Methodist society was organ-
ized at the house of Jonathan Pope, by Eevs. Ira
Eddy and Billings 0. Plympton. The first traveling
Methodist preachers were Eevs. M. Goddard and
Charles Waddell. The same season a log structure
was erected at the center, designed to serve the triple
purpose of town-house, school-house and meeting-
house. It was thus used for six years. In 1830 the
first tavern was erected by J. S. Strong; a frame build-
ing which is still used for that purpose at Strongsville
Center. This was the first framed residence in the
township.

Up to this time the people had generally got their
grinding done at Vaughn's mill in Middleburg, or at
Hoadley's in Columbia. When these were dry the
hungry citizens were compelled to travel as far as
Tallmage, Chagrin river, or even Painesville, to procure
the needed work. That enterprising pioneer, John
S. Strong, now thought it time that his township
should have a mill of its own. In the fall of 1820 he
accordingly erected a gristmill on Eocky river, at the
point now called Albion. E. Lyman was the mill-
wright and A. J. Pope did the iron work. Thaddeus
Lathrop (father of Mrs. Benjamin Tuttle) came from
Middleburg and boarded the hands who worked on
the mill, and was afterwards the first miller in the
new structure. A sawmill was built about the same
time as the gristmill.

During the season Timothy Clark brought on a
stock of goods, small, but somewhat larger than those
previously brought by J. S. Strong, E. Lyman and
John Bosworth. All the three last named, and we
believe Mr. Clark, sold their goods in their houses,
as was the custom in early times almost everywhere.
The other new arrivals for 1820 were Moses 0. Ben-
nett, Jesse Eoot, Benjamin Schofield, Cyrus Harlan
and Nathan Britton and family.

Though the " Hinckley hunt " had, to some extent,
broken up one haunt of wild animals, they were still
numerous throughout the woods. Venison was to be
had for the shooting, while mutton was an almost
impossible luxury, because the wolves were apt to get
ahead of the butcher. Bears were by no means un-
common, and occocasionally the unearthly scream of
the panther was heard by the dwellers in the scattered
cabins, causing every mother to look hastily around
to see if all her children were safe from that fiercest
of forest roamers.

It would seem, however, that the panther's yell
could sometimes be imitated by less dangerous
screamers. Mr. Abial Haynes relates how he and his

STRONGSVILLE.

533

father's family were startled one night by a dismal
noise, which those who claimed to be experts declared
to be the shriek of a panther. The next night the
same sound was again heard not far from the cabin.
Abial took his rifle and proceeded in the direction of
the noise until he saw a pair of glaring eyes a short
distance in front of him, about the right hight from
the ground for a panther's head. Between these he
aimed his rifle, fired, and the eyes dropped to the
earth. Further examination the next morniug dis-
covered a big owl lying cold in death behind the log
on which it had sat. It is possible that some other
accounts, by belated travelers, of dismal shrieks and
glaring eyes, would have had an equally harmless
ending, if the supposel monster had been slain and
examined.

The Indians frequently came during the first few
years of settlement, and stopped a few weeks in tem-
porary camps to hunt the game which abounded in
the forest. Mr. Haines mentions the existence, at
various times, of a camp near Albion, another on
"East Hill," and another larger one, which num-
bered some fifty inmates, at Strongsville Center.

From one great pest of new countries the pioneers
of Strongsville were comparatively free. There was
much less sickness than is usual during the period in
which the wilderness is subjugated. There was a
little ague along the banks of Eocky river, but the
high, dry, rolling ground, of which the township is
principally composed, was almost entirely free from
this and other forms of sickness.

In 1821 or '23 J. S. Strong built a distillery near
his mills, at what is now Albion. In the latter year
occurred the death of Dr. B. B. Olds, the first phy-
sician, who had meanwhile married a daughter of Mr.
Strong. Eev. Luke Bower, the first resident minis-
ter and school teacher, came this year. The same
year Mr. Strong, having sold his property at Albion,
proceeded to build another gristmill on Eocky river,
nearly two miles east of the center. There could
hardly have been business enough for two gristmills
in the thinly-settled township, but Mr. S. was of so
enterjirising a temperament that, as Mr. Haines says,
"He couldn't keep still. He also built an ashery at
the center, where he manufactured pot and pearl-
ashes for many years.

In 1823 Ezra Tuttle, father of Benjamin Tuttle,
now of Albion, came into the township; Benjamin,
however, did not come till several years later. Eben-
ezer Stone settled with his family a mile west of the
center, one of the members being Marvin E. Stone,
who is still living at Albion. Mr. Stone bought out
Ebenezer Pomeroy, who had been there a year or two
and was about the first settler west of the center.
Curtis Stone also came about the same time; one of
his sons being Walter F., since a judge of the su-
preme court of Ohio.

Down to this time, as will have been observed, the
settlement of the township had been quite rapid, and
the proprietors thought they could safely raise the

price of the land from 13.00 to $5.00 per acre. But
about the same period Congress perfected its system
of surveys, and instead of selling land as before to
wealthy men in large tracts, began offering it to every
one in quarter-sections at a dollar and a qnarter an
acre. Emigration to Strongsville quickly fell ofE be-
fore this competition, and for several years was very
light; the proprietors being at length compelled to
reduce their prices to $3.00 per acre in order to sell
their land. The number of residents qualified to vote
for presidential electors must have been very small,
for, according to the record, there were only twenty-
four votes cast for those officers in 1834. Of these
twenty-three were for Henry Clay and one for John
Quincy Adams.

Food was now plentiful but grain was so low as
hardly to pay for carrying it to market. Money was
extremely scarce, and about the only means of obtain-
ing it was by the sale of the "black salts" made by
boiling down the ashes obtained in clearing the farms.
Generally the "salts" were sold to be manufactured
at Strong's asliery, but sometimes the fai-mers them-
selves made them into pearlash. The Stones were
about the only ones who made their salts into potash.

When made, the potash or pearlash had to be
hauled to Cleveland. By this time the main road
through the township, where the turnpike was after-
wards made, had been cut out, but the others were
mere paths through the woods. Even the main road
was almost impassable through the low ground of
Middleburg. When men went to Cleveland two gen-
erally journeyed together so as to help each other
through the bad places; each having two yoke of cat-
tle, a sled or wagon, an axe, an augur, several days'
provisions and a jug of whisky, as if he was starting
on a campaign. Mr. M. E. Stone states that he has
been four days making the fifteen miles to Cleveland
and back. Two barrels of potash, holding from four
to five hundred pounds each, were considered a good
load for two yoke of cattle. It brought at Cleveland
from four to five dollars per hundred.

The first store in the township which occupied a
separate building was established by Emory Strong
about 1834. In 1835 the present framed town-house
and school-house combined took the place of the old
log building which had previously been used for that
purpose.

Dr. Olds was succeeded within a year or two after
his death by Dr. William Baldwin, who practiced at the
center ten or twelve years. During this period the
increase of population was moderate, there being
eighty-nine householders in 1826.

There was plenty of friendliness among the pioneers,
and newcomers were always cordially welcomed.
When there was a log house to be raised nearly every
man in the township would be on hand. After work-
ing all day they would start ofE at night and travel
two, three and four miles to their homes, lighted on
their darksome paths by torches of hickory bark,
which were found to be just the thing for holding

524

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

flame a long distance. Mr. Stone says a handful of
hickory bark three feet long would lash three miles.

When the people met in the school-house for "even-
ing meeting," or spelling-school, or singing-school,
one might see a dozen or more long bunches of hick-
ory bark, each neatly tied together, leaning against
the wall. When the exercises were over, each pioneer
gallant would light his rustic torch and set forth to
escort his chosen fair one to her home, the flashing
lights flinging fantastic shadows among the giant
oaks and elms which shaded the forest pathways.

The wild beasts still roamed with great freedom
close to the houses of the settlers, and numerous were
the fatal shots fired at the deer, not only in their
forest retreats but even in the edge of the clearings.
Mr. M. E. Stone speaks of killing thirty or forty in
a year. Other game afforded still more excitement.
Late in an afternoon in 1825, a she-bear and two cubs
were seen crossing the road about half a mile south of
the tavern at Strongsville Center. The news quickly
spread from cabin to cabin, and in a brief time more
than twenty men and boys were out with rifles, shot-
guns and occasionally an old revolutionary musket,
hurrying along on the track of the devoted animals,
while the woods rang with the voices more or less
melodious of an equal number of dogs, of various
breeds and sizes. The bears were moving at a leis-
urely gait, and had only gone a short distance east
from the road when the sounds of pursuit broke upon
their ears. They hastened their movements, but the
cubs were incapable of rapid traveling, and the old
bear would not desert her young — and was herself
given rather to waddling than to racing.

Just at dark they were overtaken about a mile east
of the road. The old bear turned at bay and the
dogs gave back from her savage teeth and Hercu-
lean paws. But the foremost hunters speedily came
up, leveled their guns, and in an instant the devoted
mother lay stretched in death. Meanwhile one of the
cubs had hurried away into the fast darkening forest,
and the other had climed the most convenient tree.
The former escaped from its enemies; the latter only
postponed its fate. The hunters built a fire near the
tree, and stood guard by turns all night over — or
rather under — the unfortunate cub. When daylight
revealed his hiding-place among the branches he too
was shot, and the citizens around had an opportunity
of comparing the merits of old bear meat and young-
bear meat for several days afterwards.

By 1830, howevei', the deer and bear were becoming
scarce. Some lingered for a few years longer, but
by 1840 there was hardly one to be seen. If one ap-
peared it was probably a straggler from the low
grounds of iliddleburg, where they stayed till a still
later date. By 1830, the log houses of the first pio-
neers had begun to be exchanged for frames, and in
the course of the next decade the exchanges had gen-
erally taken place, and the township had put on the
general appearance of a civilized district.

By 1830 there was a small settlement at the lower

mill on Rocky river (since known as Albion), but
there was yet no hotel or store there. Mr. M. E.
Gallup, who came into town, a boy, in 1833, says that
at that time Ebenezer Prindle was keeping tavern at
Strongsville Center. Emory and Warner Strong
were then selling goods on the corner and old Mr.
Strong about the same time established a store in a
new brick building.

Emigration was now brisk, and so was business of
all kinds. These were the celebrated "flush times,"
when paper moner was issued in unlimited quantities,
by irresponsible banks, and everybody appeared to
expect to get rich in a few months. About 1834
Benjamin Northrop, commonly called Judge Nor-
throp came from Albion, New York, located at the
lower mill and built a carding machine and fulling
mill there. The people around were anxious to have
such an establishment in town and readily furnished
supplies of timber and other material on credit; tak-
ing their pay afterwards in cloth and work. The set-
tlement there rapidly increased, Mr. Northrop was
recognized as the principal man in it, and in honor of
his former residence he named it Albion.

Two or three years later Judge Northrop built a
woolen factory in connection with his carding works.
Albion rapidly increased; several stores and other
places of business were erected, and the new village
went entirely ahead of its more staid competitor,
Strongsville Center. Even the great financial crisis
of 1837, which brought ruin upon a large majority of
the business men of the United States, did not stop
the growth of Albion. When they were short of
money for small change the " borough," for the place
was incorporated under that title, issued scrip, signed
by Judge Northrop as mayor, which passed current in
the immediate vicinity.

A Baptist church, which was at first also used as a
school-house, was built at Albion as early as 1835. It
was occupied with more or less regularity until 1871,
when it was removed to Berea.*

An Episcopal church was also organized at Albion,
and a church edifice erected in 1841. There was like-
wise a Methodist church in a flourishing condition; of
these three, the Methodist church alone remains.

In the forepart of 1843, probably in February, a
fire occurred in Albion, which not only destroyed a
large part of the village, but inflicted a blow on its .
prosperity from which it never recovered. There
were then six stores, three or four blacksmith shops,
several other shops and thirty or forty dwelhngs.
These were mostly on the main road on the top of
the hill, while the mills, the factory, the distillery,
etc., were on the creek below. The fire began on the
flat, and the wind drove it rapidly up the hill and
along the street to the southward, destroying nearly

*Elder Freeman preached in it for three or four years before 1847, at
which time it was moved and repaired. After 1847, the first preacher
was Eev. Mr. Guernsey, and next tiie Rev. Mr. Dibble. Rev. Mr. Hubbard
succeeded and preached until the beginning of the war. Elder Wood
preached a year or so after Mr. Hubbard and since then there have
only been occasional services.

STRONGSVILLE.

535

all the business pai't of the village, and rendering
fourteen families homeless.

The decline of the place dated from this time, but
the fire was not immediately fatal. Some houses
were rebuilt, and some places of business were re-
established. The travel still continued brisk along
the old turnpike, and this, of course, made business
for the taverns and, to some extent, for the stores.
Trask and Tuttle built a tannery in 1844, which did
a good business for many years. Mr. H. B. Bradley
says that when he came in 1849, Albion was still quite
a prosperous place. Many four-horse and six-horse
teams traveled the road, drawing big wagons with
tires six inches wide, heavily loaded with farm pro-
duce destined for Cleveland, or with articles from
tbat place for use in the country. But when the rail-
road was built through Middleburg in 1851, a large
part of this travel left the turnpike, and the glory of
Albion faded slowly but steadily away.

Meanwhile Strongsville Center continued on a more
even tenor. Even while Albion was most prosperous,
the voting-place for the township continued to be at
the center, and after the decay of the former village,
the center still continued to be the common gather-
ing place for the farmers around, and the trading
place for those who did not go outside of the town-
ship for that purpose.

Judge Northrop sold the woolen factory at Albion
in 1849, to Dr. St. Clair, and removed to Cleveland.
Dr. St. Clair I'an the factory several years, and sold it
to Lester Miles, who made a gristmill of it, though
he still kept up the carding works. The mill was
burned in 1860. Mr. Miles rebuilt it, and operated
it several years. He was succeeded by Milo Haynes
who did a large business for a time; but business
finally dropped away, and now little remains save the
frame to tell of the busy times of old.

When the war for the Union called the youth of
our country to arms, Strongsville promptly responded
to the cry, and her sons, through four years of con-
flict with the foe, showed that they, too, could meet
hardship and danger as readily as had their sires in
the struggle to subdue the wilderness. Their names
will be found with their respective regiments and
batteries in the general history of the county.

During the war the old turnpike, which for thirty
years "had been one of the principal highways of this
part of the country, was surrendered to the public by
its owners, and the gates were permanently removed.

Since the close of the war the career of Strongsville
has been that of a quiet country township, where
prosperous farmers, year after year, gather and mar-
ket the produce of a fertile soil, and where healthful
breezes invigorate the sturdy inhabitants, but where
there is known but little of the excitement which agi-
tates the great centers of business.

Before passing to our sketches of the existing
churches, we will mention some of the prominent men,
and members of the various professions, who in their
youth were residents of Strongsville, and who have

"graduated," so to speak, from its borders. The
names of resident representatives in the legislature,
however, are given in the chapter of the general his-
tory devoted to the higher officers of the county,
while those of township officials succeed the sketches
of the churches. The official and professional gen-
tlemen formerly of Strongville, are, according to a
published list, as follows:

Judges, Walter F. Stone, Benjamin Northrop,
Perry Bosworth ; physicians, Henry Parker, Jonathan
Pope, C. B. Tapper, Albert Southworth, Calvin Pom-
eroy, John P. Whitney and R. S. Hubbard. To these
maybe added the resident physicians. After Dr. Bald-
win, before mentioned, or about the time he left,
which was near 1830, came Dr. Boswell Trask, who
staid nearly twenty years, and died in the township.
Dr. H. L. W. Leonard came somewhat later, and sur-
vived Trask. He died in Strongsville only a few years
ago. The present physicians are Dr. Hudson, Dr.
Berghoff, and Dr. McConnel. Ministers, Thomas W.
Pope, David Warwick, George A. Stone, D.D., Wm.
0. Rodgers, Stanley G. Pope, Calvin 0. Freeman,
Hiram Brooks, Cyrus Colton, Lyman Freeman, Pla-
vel Brittan, Levi Sabin.

Lawyers, L. L. Bowen, Sidney Strong, George H.
Foster, Henry E. Foster, Carlos M. Stone, Myron
Sabin, Brastus F. Miles.

FIRST CONGEEGATIONAL (NOW PRESBYTERIAN)
CHURCH OP STRONGSVILLE.

This church was organized at Strongsville Center
on the 10th day of October, 1817, Reverend Messrs.
William Hanford and Luther Humphrey being pres-
ent. The first members were Seth Goodwin and De-
borah, his wife; Ahijah Haynes and Jerusha, his wife;
Guilford Whitney and Anna, his wife; Hollis Whit-
ney and Barincey Hilliard. Guilford Whitney was
the first deacon, and Ahijah Haynes the second.

For two years the church was unable to employ a
regular minister, or build a church edifice. Services,
however, were held with great regularity at the houses
of members, sermons being sometimes read by one of
the congregation, while at other times traveling m.in-
isters, with rude but fervid eloquence, held forth the
promises of the gospel to the assembled listeners.

In 1819 the church, in connection with tlie town-
ship, erected a log building at the center, which, as
before stated, served as school-house, town house and
church. Six years later a framed building was erected
which was equally well employed for the three pur-
poses mentioned. On the 12th of January, 1835, the
Rev. Simon Woodruff was installed as the first settled
minister of this church. He served until 1834; the
church meanwhile steadily increasing with the growth
of the township. In the last named year Mr. Wood-
ruff was succeded by the Rev. D. C. Blood, who re-
mained three years. The Rev. Myron Tracy was in-
stalled in 1837.

At this period the church was in a very flourishing
condition, and had over a hundred members. In

536

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1842 what has been known as the Second Congrega-
tional, or Free Congregational Church, separated from
tlie first church, considerably reducing its member-
ship. In 1843 Rev. D. 0. Blood was recalled, re-
maining until 18.50. He was succeeded by Eev.
Timothy Williston, and he, in 1853, by Rev. Elias
Thompson; though the latter was not formally in-
stalled until 1854. Mr. Thompson was succeeded in
1860 by Rev. Charles 8. Adams, who closed his ser-
vices in 1861. Rev. Harvey Lyon preached for a short
time after that, though not regulai-ly installed. In
July, 1862, Rev. Amzi B. Lyon began his ministerial
services, which continued until 1864. The next year,
1865, Rev. A.W. Knowlton was called to the pastorate,
which he occupied for twelve years,, closing in 1877,
after the longest term served by any minister for this
church. He was succeeded by Rev. James W. Tur-
nei', the present incumbent.

In 1871 this church, retaining its ancient creed,
(which is held in substance by both the Congrega-
tionalists and Presbyterians), ado^rted the Presbyte-
rian form of organization, and became a member of
the Presbytery. It is still, however, more commonly
called by its early name, the First Congregational
Church of Strongsville. At the time the writer vis-
ited the township the elders of the church were Abial
Haynes, D. M. Strong and Lorenzo Strong; the trus-
tees of the civil organization were Benoni Bartlett,
William Heazlit, Porter Lyman and Merrick Strong.

THE- FREE CONGHEGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church, frequently called the Second Congre-
gational, was formed from the First Congregational
in 1842; its organization being completed onthel6ili
day of July in that year, under the direction of Rev.
James A. Thorne, a professor at Oberlin College.
Services were held with varying regularity until 1852.
During this time the pulpit was frequently sujDplied
temporarily by professors or pupils of Oberlin; Rev.
Uriah T. Chamberlain regularly in 1843 and '44, and
the Rev. Mr. Moore for two or tliree years subse-
quently.

On the 28th of June in that year. Rev. Gideon Dana
became the pastor. A marked improvement was soon
manifested in the vitality of the chui'ch, and on the
17th of August following, the corner stone of a new
brick church edifice was laid at Strongsville Center.
The work was pushed rapidly forward; the legal or-
ganization of the society being completed meanwhile
by recording the necessai-y papers in the oflBce of the
county recorder on the 19th of October in that year.
On the 27tli of January, 1853, the newly erected
church was duly dedicated with appropriate cere-
monies, but little more than five months having been
occupied in its construction.

Mr. Dana's labors continued until October, 1855.
In February, 1856, Rev. 0. W. White succeeded to
the vacant pastorate, which he occupied until the lat-
ter j)art of 1863. On the first of January, 1863, Eev.
William Bacon became the pastor; remaining until

1867. He was followed by Rev. Lucius Smith. This
gentleman preached part of the time at Berea; occu-
pying the pulpits alternately until 1873. After the
close of Mr. Bacon's services Messrs. Burr and Miller
preached occasionally during the remainder of 1873
and the beginning of 1873. During the latter year
Rev. C. S. Cady was installed as pastor, continuing
in that relation until November, 1875. No regular
minister was employed until January, 1877, when
Rev. J. W. Turner was installed as pastor of this
church, as well as of the First Congregational, or
Presbyterian church. Mr. Turner has served both
churches from that time till the present.

The deacons of the Free Congregational church are
Isaac I. Gifford and Elijah Lyman; the trustees of
the society are I. I. Gifford, E. Lyman and Richard
Gibbons.

LIST OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.*

1818. Clerk, Seth Goodwin; trustees, David Goodwin, Jno. Dansmore,
Jas. Nichols; lister, Chipman Porter; appraiser, Thad, Ball; justices of
the peace, Jas. Nichols, Ahijah Haynes.

1819. Clerk, Seth Goodwin; trustees, Jno. S. Strong, Jas. Nichols,
Wm. Fuller; lister, Emory Strong; appraiser, Chipman Porter.

1830. Clerk, Benj. B. Olds; trustees, Josiah Carpenter, Eliakim Lyon,
Henry Wait; lister, Elijah Lyman; appraiser, Jas. Wait.

1821. Clerk, Emory Strong; lister, Lyman Strong; appraiser, Elijah
Lyman; justices ot the peace, Elijah Lyman, Henry Wait.

1822. Clerk, Timothy Clark ; trustees, Jas. Smith, E. Bosworth, A. J.
Pope; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Guilford Whitney; appraiser,
Lyman Strong.

1823. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, Ehakim Lyon, Joseph Olds,
Thad. Lathrop; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Guilford Whitney;
appraiser, Chester Tuttle.

1824. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Eliakim Lyon,
Luke Bowen; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Philo Miilord; ap-
praiser, H. W. Sabin ; justices of the peace, Elijah Lyman, Timothy
Clark.

1825. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees.E. Wilkinson, Leonard Peabody,
Jas. Wait; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; appraiser,
Zara P. Howe.

1826. Clerk, Warner Strong; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Leonard Pea-
body, Jeduthan Freeman; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Mil-
jard ; appraiser, Zara D . Howe.

1827. Clerk, Warner Strong; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Jno. Billiard,
burtis Stone; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; ap-
praiser, Zara D. Howe; justices of the peace, Elijah Lyman, Timothy
Clark.

1828. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, Asa Drake, Wm. FuUer, Abra"
ham Conyne; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; ap-
praiser, Zara D. Howe; justice ot the peace, Jno. S. Strong.

1829. Clerk, M. E. Stone ; trustees, Ebenezer Stone, Guilford Whitney,
E. Lyon; treasurer, Curtis Stone.

18.30. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Ebenezer Stone, Guilford Whitney,
E. Lyon; treasurer, Curtis Stone; justice of the peace, Timothy Clark.

1831. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, David Harvey, Jno. Fuller, A. J.
Pope; treasurer, Lyman Strong.

18-32. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Harmon Stone, He-
man Coltrin ; treasurer, Ebenezer G. Woodward.

183.3. M. E. Stone; trustees, Jno. Fuller, Richard Wetherbee, Jno.
Pope; treasurer, Eliakim Lyon; justices of the peace, Harmon Stone, J.
Fuller.

1834. Clerk, Ebenezer Prlndle; trustees, David Harvey, David Fish,
Jno. Hilliard; treasurer, Lyman Strong.

1835. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Timothy Clark, Ebenezer Pome-
roy, Thos. Copper; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Har-
mon Stone.

18.36. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Norton Briggs, Asa Drake, Avery
Sprague; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice ot the peace, Jas. Fuller.

1837. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Norton Briggs, Asa Drake, Avery
Sprague; treasurer, Lyman Strong.

1838. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Flavel Whi ney, Marcus Moe
A. Conyne; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Norton
Briggs.

1839. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, A. Conyne, Flavel Whitney, Asa
Drake; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Harmon Stone.

* This list is complete so far as it can be ascertained from the town
books.

STRONGSVILLE.

537

1840. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, A. Conyne, Flavel Whitney,
Philander Pope; treasurer, Lyman Strong.

1841. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Philander Pope, Alanson Pome,
roy, Buben Haynes; treasurer, Lyman Strong; assessor, Ebenezer
Merril; justice of the peace, Warner Strong.

1842. Clerk, Ansel J. Pope; trustees, Alanson Pomeroy, Asa Drake,
Eoswell Trask; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Ebenezer Merril; jus-
tice of the peace, Myron A. Whitney.

1843. Clerk, Montraville Stone ; trustees, Roswell Trask, Asa Drake,
Eliakim Lyon; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Harmon Stone.

1844. Clerk, Montraville Stone; trustees, Eoswell Trask, Asa Drake,
H. G. Spencer; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Eoswell Trask; justice
of the peace. Dr. H. L. W. Leonard.

1845. Clerk, Banford Gilbert; trustees, Eliakim Lyon, Ohas. Tupper,
M. Stone; treasurer, M. B. Stone; assessor, Roswell Trask.

1846. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Koswell Trask, Abial Haynes,
Flavel Whitney; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Jno. Watson.

1847. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney,
Philander Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Eoswell Trask;
justice of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy.

1848. Clerk, David Harvey; trustses, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney,
Philander Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Augustus P.
Howe; justice of the peace, Harmon Stone.

1849. Clerk, Montraville Stone; trustees, Cyrus Parmenter, David
Heazlit, P. Pope; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, E. Merril.

1850. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees. Philander Pope, Alanson Pomeroy,
Francis Bryant; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice
of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy.

1851. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, P. Pope, A. Pomeroy, Francis Bryant;
treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Dr.
J. J. St, Clair.

1852. Clerk, M.Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Ohas.
Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt.

18.53. Clerk, M. Stone ; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas
Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the
peace, John Miller.

1854. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas-
Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt.

1855. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Caleb Carpenter, D. S. Lyon, Benj.
Tuttle; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, A. P. Howe.

1856. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, W. H. Ashley, A. T.
Sanderson; treasurer, Abial Haynes; assessor, O. H. Hoyt.

1857. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, M. E. Stone, Wm. Heazlit, E. H.
Eeed; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, C, T. Rogers.

1858. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, E. H. Eeed, M. Stone, Wm. Heazlit;
treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, C. T. Rogers; justice of the peace, M.
Stone.

1859. Clerk, Alson H. Pomeroy; trustees M. E. Gallup, M. Stone,
Jehiel Dunham; treasurer, Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt.

1860. Clerk, Milo S. Haynes; trustees, Abial Haynes, J. Dunham, Wm.
Heazlit; treasurer, Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the
peace, Lester Miles.

1861. Clerk, A. H. Pomeroy; trustees, E. H. Eeed, H. S. Dewey, Abi,
jah Haynes; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Lester Miles.

1868. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, H. S. Dewey, -D. S. Lyon, E. A.
Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes.

1863. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, H. S. Dewey, D, S. Ljon, R. A.
Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes; justice of
the peace, Lester Miles.

1864. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W. H. Ashley, A. T. Sanderson, G.
W. Dunn; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Milton Gallup; justice of
the peace, M. Stone.

1865. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, R. A. Carpenter, W. H. Ashley, W.
H. Strong; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, M. S. Haynes.

1866. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W, H. Ashley, G. B. Strong, Jubal
Whitney; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, E. H. Wing; justice of the
peace, Lester Miles.

1867. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. K. Drake, Wm. Heazlit, E. A.
Carpentei; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, M. S. Haynes; justice of
the peace, M. Stone.

1868. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm. Heazlit, R.
A. Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Henry P. Miles.

1869. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm. Heazlit, S.
T. Gibson; assessor, M. S. Haynes; treasurer, E. H. Reed ; justices of the
peace, Lester Miles, R. A. Carpenter.

1870. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Edward Clement, Wm. Heazlit, S.
T. Gibson; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, D. K. Drake.

1871. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, M. Gallup, E. Cle-
ment; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake.

1872. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E.
Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the
peace, Lester Miles.

1873. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E
Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the
peace, D. K. Drake.

1874 Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E.
Clement; treasurer, M. E. GaUup; assessor, D. K. Drake.

1875. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, Jas.
Preston; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justices of the
peace, F. J. Bartlett, D. K. Drake.

1876. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D, Pomeroy, Jas.
Preston; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the
peace, David E. Hier,

1877. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, Lorenzo Strong,
Henry M. Whitney; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt.

1878. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy,' H. M. Whitney, E.
H. Eeed; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justices of the
peace, F. J. Bartlett, Henry W. Merrick.

1879. Trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, E. H. Reed, William Richards; clerk,
M. S. Haynes; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, B. B. Heazlit.

ALANSON POMEROY.

The late Alanson Pomeroy whose name is held in
high esteem by the people of Strongsville, was born
in ISTorthampton, Massachusetts, February 20, 1805.
He was the son of Ebenezer and Violaty (Thayer)
Pomeroy, and was the fifth of a family of eight
children, consisting of five sons and three daughters.
Ebenezer Pomeroy left Northampton about the year
1817, and removed to Onondaga county, New York,
where he remained five years. He then pushed for-
ward to what was considered the "Far West," and in
18'Z2 settled in Strongsville, where he spent the re-
mainder of his life. He was accidentally killed in
August, 1835, by falling from a wagon.

The subject of this memoir remained in the pater-
nal home until the death of his father. His advan-
tages for schooling were quite limited, but he pos-
sessed an active mind with a faculty for picking up
scraps of knowledge in his daily life, and thus learned
many practical lessons which were never forgotten.
The firgt years of his residence in Strongsville were
spent in helping to clear up his father's farm, and to
make it a comfortable home. In addition to his farm-
ing he after a while engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness at Strongsville Center, in partnership with Mr.
Benjamin Northrup, and subsequently with Mr.
Whitney. Beginning with nothing but his own in-
dustry, skill and integrity, by dint of perseverance
and good management he gradually acquired a con-
siderable property. In 1870 his health becoming
very poor, he retired from active business. He, how-
ever, received no permanent benefit from so doing,
and died in the seventy-second year of his age, on the
4th day of January, 1877, after a painful and lingering
illness.

In all local affairs Mr. Pomeroy took an active and
prominent part. For many years he held the office
of justice of the peace. He also was one of the in-
corporators of the First National Bank of Berea,
which he assisted in organizing, and of which he was
a director until his decease.

He was a member of the Congregational Church of
Strongsville, and his circumstances enabled him to
take the lead in supporting it. He also contributed
liberally to the American Missionary Association, the
Western Book and Tract Society and other Christian
organizations. He increased materially the funds of
Western Eeserve College, of Baldwin University, and

528

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

of Berea College, Kentucky, and gave several thou-
sand dollars to Oberlin.

Mr. Pomeroy's acquaintance in business circles was
quite extensive in different sections of the State
where he had capital invested. He was particularly
noted for his sterling integrity and business tact.
AVhat he performed was always tharoughly done. He
was very tenacious of liis reputation for fidelity to
engagements of all kinds, suffei-ing nothing to deter
him -from keeping an appointment or agreement.
He was a strong believer in the duty and dignity of
labor. With the industrious poor he always sym-
pathized; often helping them ont of pecuniary dif-
ficulties. Every branch of what he considered true
reform drew forth his active and hearty support. He
possessed a warm heart and generous dispostion, but
was reserved and shrank from public notoriety. He
was very careful not to wound the feelings of any one,
and his counsel and advice was sought for by many.
The news of his death was received with sensations of
profound sorrow, and his loss will long be felt in the
community in which he had resided over half a
century.

Mr. Pomeroy was married on the 9th day of Janu-
ary, 183], to Miss Kezia Pope, daughter of Jonathan
and Kezia Pope, of Strongsville. Mrs. Pomeroy was
born in 1809, and is still living in Strongsville, sur-
rounded by an affectionate family and esteemed by all
who know her.

Mr. and Mrs. Pomeroy had nine children: The two
eldest. Hellish L., born November 26, 1833, and
Lorency, born April 10, 1834, died in infancy; A.
H., born March 7, 1836, is cashier of the First
National Bank of Berea; Orlando D., born January
7, 1839, resides near Strongsville, engaged in farming;
Elizabeth C, born November 29, 1840, is the wife of
Henry K. Day, of Elyria, Ohio; Vienna, born July 3,
1843, is the wife of 0. W. D. Miller, of Berea; Hollis
C, born March 12, 1846, died in infancy; PerlinaM.,
born August 19, 1849, married W. W. Smith, of
Strongsville; Harlan, born June 27, 1853, now at
home, is a graduate of the Cleveland Homoepathic
College.

OHAPTEK LXXXVII.

"WARKENSVILIiB.

Boundaries, Soil etc.— Attempt at Settlement— Prevented by an Acci-
denf^-Daniel Warren— Naming the Township— First Death and Birth
— James Prentiss — Asa Stiles — Jacob Hussell — Peleg Brown — Benja.
min Sharp- Josiah Abhott— Enoch Gleason— Jedediah Hubbell — Ansel
Young— J. E. Adams— Householders in 1829— Civil Organization-
First Officers— List of Officers— Items from Township Book— Town
Hall— Eoads and Railroads- Randall- Warrensville Center— Manufac-
tures—Public Schools— The United Society of Believers— Its Origin-
Names of Early Members— Present Situation- Protestant Methodist
Church— Disciple Church- The Free Church— The Methodist Episco-
pal Church.

This township is situated southeast from Cleve-
land, and was designated in the survey of the Western
Reserve as township seven in range eleven. It is

bounded on the north by the townships of East Cleve-
land and Euclid; on the east by Orange; on the south
by Bedford, and on the west by Newburg and East
Cleveland. The surface is level, and the entire area
may be cultivated. It was originally covered with a
fine gTowth of timber, but the greater part has been
removed and the township has been cut up into small
farms, but few exceeding eighty acres in extent. The
soil varies from a stiff clay to a light loam, and is
generally productive. In some localities its fertility
is increased by artificial drainage, but usually the
country is sufficiently undulating to carry off the sur-
face water. The streams are but small brooks, and
the water power is very limited.

PIOISTEEE SETTLERS.

The first attempt to settle the township was made
in June, 1807, by Horace Burroughs, Rodolph Cat-
tern, Jacob Cattern and another whose name is not
remembered. They came with the intention of
locating near the center. While on their way thither
they treed a bear which they determined to kill.
Having chopped the tree nearly off, they left Jacob
Cattern to deliver the finishing blows while they went
in the direction in which it would fall so that they
could kill the bear when the tree should reach the
ground. The tree fell and the bear was killed. They
then called Jacob, but received no response, and on
running to the butt of the tree they found him lying
there, dead. He had been killed by a limb struck
off from a neighboring tree. This sad accident
caused the comrades of the deceased to return home
and abandon the entei-prise.

The first actual settlement was made by Daniel
Warren. He came from New Hampshire to Paines-
ville in the fall of 1808. He was very poor, his
household effects consisting of only the most common
articles. A barrel set on end with the end-board of
the wagon laid on top served as a table. Nearly all
the cooking and baking was done in a five-quart iron
kettle. In the fall of 1809 he removed to Newburg,
and soon after began building a cabin in Warrens-
ville, two and a half miles away. It was finished
without the use of a nail. To this he moved his fam-
ily on the 4th day of January, 1810, in the following
manner, as related by Mr. Warren himself:

" I procured a horse on which Mrs. Warren with
her babe, about three weeks old, rode; my two-year-
old boy I carried on my back, and my neighbor Pren-
tiss carried our few 'traps' in an ox-team; and in this
way we arrived safe, two and a half miles from any
other house. Mrs. Warren remarked: ' We left New
Hampshire to go into the wilderness, and I guess we
have made it out now.' The first run of sledding
after this, our friends from Newburg and Cleveland
(everybody was a friend in those days) came out to
the number of fifty to give us a house-warming, and
although they crowded the cabin, a jollier set never
graced a palace. Inasmuch as Mrs. Warren was the
first woman in the township the comjoany gave her

WARBENSVILLE.

539

tlie privilege of naming it, and she proposed W^arrens-
ville, which was adopted by acclamation. It was
past midnight when the party started to return hopie,
after having spent a most enjoyable evening."

Mrs. Warren was a true pioneer woman. She
would often remain alone several days with her young
family while her husband was away following his
trade as a brickmaker, and once, when returning
from Newburg, was followed by a pack of howling
wolves, from which she had a narrow escape. Bears,
too, sometimes came quite near the cabin, but Mrs.
Wp.rren was never much alarmed even by such un-
pleasant neighbors. She resided in the township un-
til her death, October, 1869. Daniel Warren died in
1862.

The infant child spoken of died in 1811, this being
the first death in the township. In their family, also,
occurred the first birth in Warrensville, that of a son
born December 26, 1812, who was named William H.
Warren, and who yet resides on lot fifty-three near
the place of his birth. The other sons of Daniel
Warren were named Hiram V., Moses N., James M.
and Othello. The daughters were Paulina and Julia
0. In 1815 Moses Warren, the father of Daniel,
came to live in the township, settling on lot fifty-
four. His sons, besides Daniel, were William and
Moses. The latter is yet a resident of East Cleve-
land.

James Prentiss, a Revolutionary soldier, and the
father-in-law of Daniel Warren, settled on lot thirty-
two some time after 1810, residing there until his
death in 1817. A daughter (Betsey) died in 1813,
this being the first death of an adult in the township.
He had sons named Robert, James, Samuel M. and
Cyrus. The latter removed to Ravenna, whore he be-
came the first president of the Cleveland and Pitts-
burg Railroad.

Asa Stiles came to the Warren neighborhood from
New York about 1812. He had three sons named
Amos, Hiram and Wilbur. About the same time
Jacob Russell, also a New Yorker, settled on lot
twenty-three, where he died in 1824, aged seventy-
five years. He had a large family, the sons being
Ralph, Rodney, Elijah, Elisha and Return. Almost
all of the family became Shakers, among whom some
of them yet reside. A little later Peleg Brown set-
tled on lot sixty-three, where he lived until his re-
moval to Indiana in ISS?. About the same time Fred.
G. Williams became a resident of lot forty-one, where
he lived until he joined the Mormons and moved with
them to the West.

Benjamin Thorp came about 1813 and settled on
lot sixty-two. In 1838 he moved to Michigan. His
brother-in-law, William Sickel, settled on the same
lot about the same time, where he followed his trade
as a shoemaker until his death, about 1836.

On lot fifty-four Josiah Abbott lived before 1816
until his removal to Missouri several years later;
Abraham S. Honey and Chester Risleycast their for-
tunes in the same locality about 1815, ^and becoming

interested in the Shaker movement, joined the North
Union Community. About the same time Caleb
Baldwin settled on lot forty-eight, where he lived un-
til he was led ofE by the Mormons. Somewhat later
came Enoch Gleason, from Berkshire, Massachusetts,
and located on lot sixty-seven. He had seven sons
named Milo, Ariel, Ephraim, Almon, Enoch, Perry
and Loren. The Baldwjns and the Gleasons were the
only families that lived east of the center before 1820.
Jedediah Hubbell came in 1815, or earlier, and
made slight improvements on lot seventy-one. He
moved away after a few years, but in 1822 returned,
and was a citizen of the township many years. He
had a large family, all but one being now dead.
Ansel Young was an early settler on lot forty-two;
Gabriel Culver on lot eighty-three; Reuben and Beck-
with Cook, on lot seventy-four; Aruna R. Baldwin
on lot thirteen; Moses Higby on lot one hundred and
five; and Nehemiah Hand on lot twenty-five. Most
of these did not remain long in the township, but re-
moved to points farther west.

In 1819 John and Luther R. Prentiss came from
New Hampshire with a one-horse team, the journey
occupying twenty-eight days. John settled on lot
thirty-eight, but in 1834 removed from the township.
Luther R., when he began life for himself on lot
sixty-three, had nothing (aside from one outfit of
wearing apparel,) but an extra pair of shoes and a
razor. He persevered, however, until he became the
owner of seventy acres of land. He is yet a resident
of the township, living near the center. Of a family
of six children three remain in Warrensville.

Before 1819 came James Johnson, Salmon Buell,
David Benjamin, Moor Bell and Abel Shepard.
Bazaleel and Warren Thorp came after 1 820 and set-
tled in the eastern part of the township, where mem-
bers of the family yet reside. About 1826 Col. John
E. Adams settled on lot fifty-one, on the Stark
Edwards place, where he built the first and only
stone house in the township.

In 1829 the householders of Warrensville were J.
E. Adams, Wm. Addison, Peleg Brown, Gabriel
Culver, Sylvester Carber, David Benjamin, Jedediah
Hubbell, Appleton Collister, James Johnson, Orrin
J. Hubbell, Thomas Kneale, Asa Stiles, Abel Shep-
ard, Daniel S. Tyler, Benj. Thorp, Daniel Warren,
Moses WsLvren, Moses Warren, Jr., Wm. Kelley,
Isaac Cooper, Return Jiussell, Salmon Buell, Benja-
min Sawyer, Elisha Russell, Andrew Barber, John
Woodruff, Ralph Russell, Moor Bell, Enoch Gleason,
Ebenezer Russell, Beckwith Cook, Ephraim Gleason,
N. C. Hains, Nehemiah Hand, James Lee, Daniel
Pillsbury, Job Hand, Thomas RadelifE, Lyman Wight,
Oliver Ransom, Caleb Baldwin, E. L. Burnett, Jo-
seph Clyne, Nathan Goodspeed, Ansel Jenny, Wm.
Fairchild, Dayton Thorp, Isaac Lassler, Jefferson
Wallace, Bazaleel Thorp, Andrew Wilson, Wm.
Watterson, Warner Thorp, Thomas Collister, John
Kelly, Wm. Cain, Thomas Cain, George Kent, W^m.
Kerruish and probably a few others. After this

530

THE TOWNSHIPS OV CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

period the immigration was so great that no further
account can be giyen of individual settlers.

CIVIL ORGANIZATION'.

Agreebly to an order of the court of common pleas
of Cuyahoga county, the legal voters of the township
of Warrensville assembled at the house of Josiah Ab-
bott, November 7, 1816, to elect officers to serve un-
til the annual election, in April, 1817. Daniel
Warren was elected chairman, and James Prentiss,
Peleg Brown and Wm. Sickel were chosen judges of
election. The following officers were then elected:
James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, Wm. Sickel, trustees;
P. G. Williams, clerk; Josiah Abbott, treasurer;
Robert Prentiss, constable; Moses Warren, Eobert
Prentiss, poor masters; Benjamin Thorp, Abraham
S. Honey, fence viewers.

Daniel Warren was elected justice of the peace and
received his commission January 6, 1817. Besides
the above named the voters at this election were
James Johnson and Humphrey Nichols — thirteen in
all. Since 1816 the principal officers have been the
following:

1817. Trustees, James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, "Wm. Sickel; clerk, F.
G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin.

1818. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Daniel R. Smith, Robert Prentiss;
clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin.

1819. Trustees, Ralph Russell, Daniel R. Smith, Caleb Baldwin; clerk,
Ansel Young; treasurer, Daniel R. Smith.

1820. Trustees, Caleb Litoh, Asa Stiles, Caleb Alvord; clerk, Ansel
Young; treasurer, Edmund Mollet;

• 1821. Trustees, Josiah Abbott, David Benjamin, Enoch Gleason;
clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Chester Risley.

1822. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Gabriel Culver, Solomon Buel; clerk,
F. G. Williams; treasurer, Beckwith Cook.

1823. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Enoch Gleason, David Benjamin;
clerk, Martin Clark; treasurer, John Prentiss.

1824. Trustees, Jedediah Hubbell, John Prentiss, Milo Gleason; clerk,
Almon Kingsbury; treasurer, Salmon Buel.

1885. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Milo Gleason; clerk,
P. L. Brown; treasurer, Sylvester Carber.

1826. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Moses Warren;
clerk, P. L. Brown ; treasurer, Enoch Gleason.

1827. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Daniel Warren, Asa Stiles; clerk,
Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Peleg Brown.

1828. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Daniel Warren, Beckwith Cook; clerk,
Onin J. Hubbell ;^ treasurer, Asa Stiles.

1829. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Nathaniel Goodspeed, David Benja-
min; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Daniel Pillsbury.

1830. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Gabriel Culver, Andrew Wilson;
clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Moses Warren.

1831. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Jedediah Hubbell, Horace Hamilton;
clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Moses Warren.

1832. Trustees, Milo Gleason, John Woodruff, Horace Hamilton;
clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell ; treasurer, Moses Warren.

1833. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Moses Warren, Jr., Samuel M. Pren-
tiss; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Milo Gleason."

1834. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Bazaleel Thorp, Solyman Hubbell;
clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Orrin J. Hubbell.

1835. Trustees, Milo Gleason, Bezaleel Thorp, Nathaniel Lyon; clerk
Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Asa Upson. '

1836. Trustees, Luther R. Prentiss, Elijah W. Bronsou. Frederick
Sillsby; clerk, Parker Boy nton; treasurer, Asa Upson.

1837. Trustees, Amos Birchard, Milo Gleason, Moses Warren ; clerk,
Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole.

1838. Warren Thorp, Milo Gleason, Andrew Wilson; clerk, Orrin J.
Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole,

1839. Trustees, Warren Thorp, Asa Upson, Amos Birchard; clerk,
Milo Gleason, treasurer, Wm. H. Cole.

1840. Moses Warren, Jr., Andrew Wilson, John Q. Proper- clerk
Luther R. Prentiss; Elijah W. Bronson.

1841. Trustees, Moses Warren, Jr., Everett HoUey, John G. Proper-
clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, David Birchard.

1842. Trustees, Erastus Smith, Oliver Ranson, Pliny S. Coukey; clerk,
Milo Gleason ; treasurer, Amos Birchard.

1843. Trustees, Linus Clark, Albert Kingsbury, Pliny S. Oonkey;
clerk, Milo Gleason; treasurer, Truman Eggleston.

1844. Trustees, Otis Lyon, Russell Frizzell, Henry Wetherby; clerk,
Albert Kingsbury; treasurer, Truman Eggleston.

1845. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewett, Russell Frizzell ; clerk,
Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole.

1846. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk,
Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole.

1847. Trustees, Linus Clark, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk,
Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Warren.

1848. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, James Clapp; clerk,
Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, Oliver Ranson.

1849. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, Wm. Bowler; clerk,
Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Oliver Ranson.

1850. Trustees, Henry Wetherby, Russell Frizzell, James Clapp ; clerk,
Wm. H. Cole ; treasurer, Oliver Ranson.

1851. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, Moses Warren, Jr.;
clerk, Wm. H. Warren: treasurer. Asa Upson.

1852. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, JohnT. Radcliff; clerk,
Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, Asa Upson.

1853. Trustees, Asahel Lewis, Russell Frizzell, John T. Radcliff;
clerk, Wm. H. Warren; treasurer. Hart Taylor.

1854. Trustees, Moses Warren, Wm. H. Cole, John T. Radcliff; clerk,
Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor.

1855. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason ; clerk,
Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor.

1856. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, .Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason;
clerk, Linus Clark; treasurer. Hart Taylor.

1857. Trustees, Gad E. Johnson, Henry Wetherby, Everett Holley;
clerk, W. S. Cannon; treasurer, Milo Gleason.

1858. Trustees, Gad E. Johnson, Moses Warren, Everett Holley; clerk,
Solyman Hubbell; treasurer, Hart Taylor.

1859. Trustees, James K. Quayle, Andrew Wilson, Asahel Lewis;
clerk, Solyman Hubbell; treasurer. Hart Taylor.

1860. Trustees, James K. Quayle, Moses Warren, H. N. Clark; clerk,
Milo Gleason; treasurer, Han Taylor.

1861. Trustees, James Clapp, Moses Warren, H. Wetherby; clerk, E,
Holley; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff.

1862. Trustees, B. F. Eddy, Robert Smith, H. Wetherby; clerk, Wm.
H. Warren; John M. Burke.

1863. Trustees, Otis Farrar, Robert Smith, James K. Quayle; clerk,
Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff.

1864. Trustees, Otis Farrar, John Radcliff, Jr., James K. Quayle;
clerk, Wm. Taylor; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff.

1865. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Otis Farrar, A. S. Kingsbury; clerk,
J. M. Burke ; treasurer, O. B. Judd ;

1866. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Robert Drake, H. N. Clark; clerk,
Hammond Clapp ; treasurer, O. B. Judd.

1867. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Wm. H. Warren, D. L. Wightman;
clerk. Edwin Taylor; treasurer, O. B. Judd;

1868. Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John RadcUff, Jr. ;
clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson.

1869. Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John Radcliff, Jr.;
treasurer, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson.

1870. Trustees, L. R. Prentiss, John Caley, G. W. Harland; clerk, W.
W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason.

1871. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland; clerk, W.
W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason.

1872. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland; clerk, W.
W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason.

1873. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, J. Leppert, Jr., R. Walkden; clerk, W.
W. Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger.

1874. Treasurer, A. S. Cannon, E. Earle, R. Walkden; clerk, W. W.
Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger.

1875. Trustees, Thomas Harland, E. Earle, A. J. Conkey; clerk, W.
W. Blair; treasurer, John Shirringer.

1876. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, Robert Walkden, A. J. Conkey; clerk,
W. W. Smith ; treasurer, John Shirringer;

1877. Trustees, John C. Teare, John Radcliff, Jr., W. W. Smith; clerk,
H. V. Hammond; treasurer, D. Nowack.

1878. Trustees, John 0. Teare, John Caley, W. W. Smith; clerk, H.
V. Hammond ; treasurer, David Wade.

1879. Trustees, Sebastian Fieg, John Caley, James Smith; clerk, H.
V. Hammond; Treasurer, David Wade.

The justices of the peace in 1879 were William S.
Oorlett and Wm. H. Sanders. At the spring election
in 1879 the voters numbered two hundred and sixty-
six.

In 1819 the total tax of Warrensville was 113.50, of
which eighty cents could not be collected. In 1821,
after Orange was organized, the tax was only $6.05,
which was disbursed as follows:

WARRENSVILLE.

531

PaidEunaR. Baldwin, constable 8 54

" Ansel Young, township clerk 1 18

" Asa Stiles, trustee 1 55

" Ebenezer Russell, trustee 1 00

" Josiah Abbott, trustee 1 00

" George Cannon, collector 60

" Chester Risley, treasurer 18

It is probable that in the above audit the treasurer
was allowed all the fuuds left on hand, which certain-
ly did not remunerate him extravagantly.

In 1828 the township gave John Adams thirty two
votes for President of the United States, and Andrew
Jackson fifteen votes for the same ofijce.

The township owns a fine brick hall at the center,
and several cemeteries, conveniently located in the
most populous neighborhoods. In 1874 a large and
substantial vault for burial purposes was constructed
at the expense of the township, a little north of
Warrensville Center.

ROADS AND RAILROADS.

In 1817 the township was divided into four road
districts, with the following supervisors: Moses "War-
ren, Robert Prentiss, Benjamin Thorp and Syrenus
Burnett. About this time the firgt road (the one run-
ning through the center east and west,) was partially
opened, and other roads underbrushed. Sometime
about 1850 the former was graded and planked, but
the company allowed it to go down after the first
planks had decayed. It was used as a public road
until 1876, when the Cleveland and Warrensville
plank road company put down five miles of planks,
from the city limits to a point three-fourths of a mile
east of the center. The road running from the center
south was also formerly planked, as well as the road
from Randall, northwest to Newburg; but they have
long since been used as common higliways. Most of
the public roads have been well graded, and are gen-
erally in a fair condition. In 1879 the supervisors
were Henry Lyon, Edward Cacher, Charles Brathlott,
George Leigh, John Dejtch, Herbert Conkey, Peter
Fehr. William Cowley, James RadclifE, Frederick
Schnedker, Robert Trendall, Edward Moore, Frank
A^gier, Frederick Fehr and Robert Walkden.

The Cleveland and Mahoning and the Atlantic and
Great Western raidroads pass through the southwest-
ern part of the township. They use one road bed but
have tracks of different, gauges.

RANDALL STATION.

A part of the road forms a heavy grade and the
Randall station, in consequence, is half a mile east of
that hamlet, and just over the Bedford township line.
There are but a few buildings at the station and only
about twenty houses at the hamlet of Randall. The
point was first known as Plank Road Station, but in
1868 a post oflBce was established here which was
named after Alexander W. Randall, at that time post-
master-general, and the locality took the same appel-
lation. Nelson Beckwith was the first postmaster,
but in 1870 he was succeeded by Mr. Charles Gross-
meyer, who yet holds the ofiBce. It has a daily mail.

About 1848 George Lathrop put up a tavern at this
place which became widely known at the Plank Road
House. He was succeeded by Otis Farrar and others,
the hotel since 1873 having been kept by Charles
Grossmeyer. A second public house was here put up
by Charles Nickerson, which was called the "Blue
Tavern," and is still carried on. A few goods have
also been sold at these places.

WARRENSVILLE CENTER.

This was formerly a place of more importance than
at present. It contains a Methodist church, the town
hall, a fine school-building and eight or ten houses.
About 1844 Dwyer Sherman put up the present tav-
ern, which has been kept byNickerson, Teed, Kings-
bury, McKee, Birchard and many others. Another
hotel directly opposite was destroyed by fire. One
and a half miles west on the plank road a fine country
hotel was opened in October, 1877, by A. A. Gillette
and is yet conducted by him.

Parker Boynton had the first store in the place,
selling his stand to E. W. Branson. Birchard &
Brewer, John M. Burke, Wm. H. Warren and others
have also been in trade there. At present D. Nowack
has a small store and is postmaster of an office which
has a tri-weekly mail from Chagrin Falls. Milo
Gleason was the first postmaster, keeping the office
at his residence. His successors are Amos Birchard,
John McKee, Chester Button, John M. Burke, W. H.
Warren, Edwin Taylor, and the present incumbent.

THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS

of the township have been few and limited to the
common kinds. Many years ago a steam sawmill was
put up a little west of the center by Wm. R. Trues-
dell, which was subsequently moved to its present
site where it is operated by T. J. RadclifE. It is also
supplied with a run of stones for grinding feed and
has machinery for making cider. On Mill Brook two
sawmills were formerly operated by men respectively
named Palmer and Flick. To Palmer's mill steam-
power was subsequently supplied but both establish-
ments have long since been discontinued.

The first sawmill in the township was on Shaker
Brook and was put up by Ezra Smith, about 1830, or
later. A gristmill was put in operation at a subse-
quent period and in 1829 the Shakers built a new
gristmill, having two overshot wheels and two runs
of stone. In a few years they also had a linseed oil
mill. A better sawmill was built by them in 1836,
and some time after 1850 they erected a good brick
building for a woolen factory, which was operated
until about ten years ago. The society also had an
establishment for the manufacture of wooden ware, a
tannery and other small works; but with the excep-
tion of their mills and broom factories no manufac-
turing is at present carried on by it. The principal
industry of the Shakers as well as of the people of
the township are the ordinary agricultural pursuits;
but lately a number of small vineyards have been

532

THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

planted, and some attention is paid to small fruit
culture.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The first school-house in the township was put up
on the site of Gillette's hotel about 1815. It was
built of rough, round logs, with a stick chimney
backed with stones and capable of burning logs from
four to eight feet long. William Addison was the
first teacher; and other early teachers were Ansel
Young and Aziel Aldrich. The pupils were from the
Russell, Honey, Warren and Prentiss families.

In 1830 there were four districts in the township;
at present there are eight, each receiving an equal
portion of the funds raised for school purposes. In
1878 this amounted to $3,779.64, the greater part of
which was paid for tuition. In 1875, two hundred
and thirty-four male and two hundred and twenty-one
female persons of school age were reported in the
township, of which nine were colored. Warrensville
has an excellent class of school-houses, of shapely
proportions and built of brick. The one at the cen-
ter is two stories high and was completed in 1878, at
a cost of $2,400. The board of education in 1879
was composed of the following: District No. 1, Ja-
cob Steuer; No. 3, J. G. Gleason, (president); No. 4,
Thomas Nelson; No. 5, Robert Carran; No. 6, Seth
Knowles; No. 7, Robert Drake; No. 8, James N.
Smith; No. 9, Lafayette Conkey; V. D. Hammond,
clerk.

THE UNITED SOCIETY OF BELIEVERS.

This society, commonly called the Shaker commu-
nity of North Union, is located in the northwestern
part of Warrensville, eight miles from Cleveland and
began operations there in the early part of 1822. The
previous fall Ralph Russell, one of a number of that
family, living on lots twenty-two and twenty-three,
visited the Shaker community, at Union Village, in
Warren county, to investigate tlieir doctrines and, if
acceptable, to become a member. He received their
testimony and came home to remove his family thither
the following spring. Meantime his exposition of the
Shaker doctrines had made such an impression on his
friends and neighbors that when the knowledge of it
came to the elders of the Union Village society, they
determined to visit the locality ''to open the testi-
mony," and if a sufficient number believed, to estab-
lish an auxiliary community there.

On this mission came James Hodge and Richard
Pelham on the 25th of March, 1822. After tarryino-
a few weeks they made a report, urging the society to
carry out its purpose; and soon after, Richard Mc-
Nemar, James Hodge, Richard Pelham, Anna Boyd
and Betsy Dunlavey were delegated to organize the
believers (Ralph Russell, Chester Risley, Elijah Rus-
sell, Riley Honey, Elisha Russell and some others)
into a common family to be known with reference to
the parent society as "The North Union." About
this time public worship after the manner of the

Shakers was first held in a log cabin on the hill near
where Ralph Russell lived; and the meetings were
continued with satisfactory results until the fall of
the year. When the elders returned home several of
the brethren from North Union accompanied them to
more fully study the practical part of Shakerism, as
exemplified in the usages of an older community.
Their report gave every assurance of their belief that
they had found the True Millennial Church. In the
spring of 1823 lot twenty-two was formally consecrated
after having been purchased by the trustees of the
Union Village community. Other purchases were
made and donations received until at present the
landed property consists of nearly one thousand four
hundred acres of choice land, contiguous to the orig-
inal lot, which is in a good state of cultivation and
has on it a number of fine farm buildings.

In 1826 the framed house for the Center family was
built which was the first frame at North Union, log
cabins having served up to that period. The stone work
was done by James S. Prescott, who came from Cleve-
land for this purpose, and who was so well pleased
with the Shakers that he connected himself with the
society, and has remained ever since a prominent
member. About this time the children, numbering
twenty-five, were gathered at what is now the East
house, and were placed under the care and instruc-
tion of Oliver Wheeler and Prudence Sawyer. Great
pains have since been taken to educate the youth of
the community, which is constituted a separate school
district and as such receives its portion of the State
funds.

The elders of the Un.on Village community con-
tinued to visit North Uuion statedly to preach and
teach, and the principles of Shakerism having been
practically tested, the " Covenant" was signed on the
28th of September, 1828, by Elijah Russell, James S.
Prescott, Samuel Russell, Chester Risley, Return
Russell, Elisha Russell, John P. Root, Wm. Andrews,
Edward Russell, Wm. Johnson, Daniel N. Baird,
Ambrose Bragg, Benjamin Hughey, Barney Cossett,
Riley Honey, Ebenezer Russell, Mary B. Russell,
Prudence Sawyer, Emma H. Russell, Lydia Russell
1st, Lydia Russell 2nd, Jerusha Russell 1st, Jerusha
Russell 2nd, Clarissa Risley, Clarinda Baird, Melinda
Russell, Hannah Addiso,n, Caroline Bears, Candace
P. Russell, Mercy Sawyer, Esther Russell, Abigail
Russell, Phebe Russell, Phebe Andrews, Almeda
Cossett, Adaline Russell and Diantha Carpenter.
Sixteen more brethren and twenty-seven sisters signed
later in the fall of 1828, making in all eighty mem-
bers.

The church was fully organized by the election of
James S. Prescott, Chester Risley, Prudence Sawyer
and Eanice Russell as elders and elderesses; Return
Russell, Elisha Rassell, John P. Root, Lydia Russell
1st and Huldah Russell as deacons and deaconesses.
As other families were formed each had its own offi-
cers. At present the community is composed of three
families, viz: The East family, having twenty-five

WAKRENSVILLE.

533

members, of which John P. Root and Charles Taylor
are the elders, and Rachael Russell and Harriet Sny-
der the elderesses. The Center Family, having thirty
members, of which Samuel Miner and George W.
Ingalls, are the elders; Lusetta Walker and Clyminia
Miner the elderesses. The Mill Family, having twelve
members of which Curtis Cramer and Watson An-
drews are the elders; Lydia Cramer and Temperance
Devan the elderesses.

The duties of the above oBBcers are mainly spiritual.
Tiie temporalities are controlled by a board of trus-
tees, composed of James S. Pi-escott, George W. In-
galls and Samuel S. Miner; the office-deaconessess are
0;indace Russell, Abigail Russell and Margaret Saw-
yer. Each family has a very comfortable residence,
connected with which are shops and other buildings
in which the membei's find occupation, although agri-
culture is the principal industry. Many of the mem-
bei's being aged and infirm, the society is obliged to
employ a force of outside help to carry on its large
farm.

The community has always been dependent on
Union Village for its ministers, who visit this place
statedly to show the more perfect way and "unfold
the testimony," according to the standpoint of the
United Believers. At present these are Wm. Rey-
nolds, Amos Parkhust, Louisa Farnham and Adaline
Wells. The meeting house at tlie residence of the
Center family is the second m which the community
has worshiped, and was erected in 1849. It is a plain
frame, fifty by one hundred feet, and has twenty-foot
posts. The public meetings were discontinued in
1877, but each family maintains a meeting every Sab-
bath afternoon in its assembly room, in addition to its
usual devotions, to wliich unbelievers are admitted
under proper restrictions. The forms of worship
have been some somewhat modified, the principal
change being the substitution of marching for danc-
ing; but the essential features of the community re-
main as they were established, half a century ago;
and although th,e vitality of the society has been some-
what impaired by death and other causes, it will
probably be able to maintain an existence for many
years .to come to elucidate the principles of its mem-
bers, which, although they can never be generally ac-
cepted, are yet entitled to just consideration before
they are utterly condemned.

THE PEOTESTANT METHODIST CHUKCH.

Sometime after 1833 a society of Reformed Meth-
odists was organized in the township which, in a short
time, became the nucleus of the above society. About
1835 a meeting-house was erected at the center which
was used while the church had an existence; but after
1860, when but two male members— W. H. Warren
■ and R. P. Bennett— were left, it was sold and moved
to Orange. This change from a large and flourishing
membership was caused chiefly by removals and
death. Among the clergy who preached m the
church are remembered the names of Revs. Dolby,

Heath, Bamford, Reeves, Tracy, Moody, Kingsley
and Bowman.

THE DISCIPLE CHURCH.

A few years after the erection of the above church
at the center, a meeting-house for the use of a soci-
ety of Disciples, which had been organized in the
township, was built near by, and was occupied for
worship about twenty years when its use was aban-
doned and the house soon after removed. Among
the prominent members of the Disciple church were
the Hubbell families. In 1843 the chui-ch had forty-
two conversions and the following year the meeting of
the clergy of the clergy of the donomination was held
with the society. Thirteen ministers were present.
For several years thereafter the church flourished, but
was dismembered by removals to such an extent that
it was not possible to longer maintain its organization.

THE FREE CHURCH OF WARRENSVILLE.

This is in the southwestern part of the township
and is controlled by an association, formed in Janu-
ary, 1861, which was composed of William Watterson,
John Kelley, William Kerruish, Robert Carran, Wil-
liam Callon, D. L. Wightman, William P. Cain,
James Boyd and Thomas Collister. An old frame
school-house was purchased and has been so thoroughly
repaired that it now affords a comfortable place of
worship. The controlling trustees are William P.
Cain, James Boyd and Thomas Taubman. The house
is free for any religious sect which may choose to hold
its meetings there, but has been occupied principally
by the Bible Christians. This sect also owns a neat
chapel in the northeastern part of the township, in
which meetings are statedly held in connection with
the foregoing, and other appointments in Orange,
where resides the pastor, the Rev. Moore. The mem-
bership in Warrensville is small, but the church work
is in a sound condition. The society was organized
December 11, 1862, with William Lang, Alexander
Barber, Isaac Burt and John Short, trustees.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN WARRENS-
VILLE.*

The present organization of the Methodist Episco-
pal church in Warrensville was effected November 13,
1837, by the formation of a class at the center of the
township. Previous to that time a class had been
formed; but it was soon afterwards dissolved, most of
the members joining the Protestant Methodist church.
The members composing the class formed at the time
above stated were Silas Johnson, class leader; Ase-
nath Johnson, Asa Upson, Chloe Upson, Jatmes Lee,
Amos Gardner, Moses Warren, Sr., Anna Hoisted,
David C ashman. Almira Cushman, Hiram B. Craine
(local preacher), Jane Craine, Warren Thorp, Han-
nah Thorp, Fanny Bronson, Dayton Thorp, Sally
Kilby, Timothy Hoisted, Gideon Pierce, Mary A.
Johnson, Gertie Johnson, Daniel Hubbard, E. L.

*By William S. Corlett, Esq.

534

THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Hubbard, Lydia Thomas, John Hewit, Thomas
Quayle, A. Quayle, Ann Hampton, John Kneale, John
Teare and 0. Boyd.

The society held its meetings in the center school-
house until 1845 when a church was erected in that
locality by Asa Upson, Robert Smith and John Hew-
itt as a building committee. This church was con-
tinuously occupied by the Methodists until burned
down in 1866, when Warrensville Center was without
a church building — three having stood there but a
short time before. Adapting themselves to the chauge
of circumstances the Methodists returned to the school-
house and continued to hold services therein. In the
winter of 1867-8 a meeting of the prominent and in-
fluential people of the township was held at the resi-
dence of Robert Smith, whereat steps were taken to
secure the erection of a new house of worship. Some
time after a building committee was appointed con-
sisting of Rev. Robert Smith, Erastus Smith, Joseph
Thorp, William H. Warren and Edwin Taylor, with
authority to build a church at Warrensville Center.
Rev. R. Smith was appointed a sub-committee to su-
porintend the building. The result was that in the
sammer of 1868 the present commodious and conven-
ient church was erected. The dedicatory services
wjre conducted by Rev. Cyrus Prendle, D.D. The
church has been recently very much improved in ap-
pearance and comfort by the ladies, headed by Mrs.
D. Cameron, Mrs C. Harrison and Mrs. Eliza J.
Teare.

There is at present preaching each Sabbath morn-
ing, the circuit preacher alternating with the Rev.
Robert Smith, a local deacon of the M. E. Church.
In the year 1837 regular preaching by the cii'cuit
preachers was commenced at the Radcliffe school-
house, in North Warrensville, and continuously kept
up to the present. Occasionally, previous to this
date, preaching by local preachers was kept" up, some-
times in the school-house and sometimes at private
honses. But it was not till after 1837 that tlie first
chiss was organized.

The original members composing this class were
James Smith, Mary Smith, Robert Smith, James Lee,
Laura Lee, Caleb Litch, Mercy Litch and Elizabeth
Oorbett. The class was soon increased by the addi-

tion of several others. Among the first to join was
John Radcliffe, Jr., the present recording steward
of the circuit. Robert Smith has been leader of this
class for about forty years.

The first Sunday-school in the township was or-
ganized in the Radcliffe school-house by the Method-
ists, and for forty years has been regularly main-
tained, Robert Smith being for most of the time
superintendent. At present the Sunday-school at
the center and the one at Radcliffe school-house are
superintended by Wm. S. Corlett. There is a M. E.
Sunday-school in the school-house in Northeast
Warrensville, Rev. Seneca Thomas, superintendent;
and recently a Sunday-school was organized in the
school-house in Distjict No. 1, in the western part of
township, Wm. M. Warren being superintendent.

The following Methodist Episcopal ministers
have preached at the Center M. E. Church and the
Radcliffe school-house, in connection with other
preaching places, forming a circuit sometimes com-
posed of several townships. At present the circuit is
composed of the above two appointments in Warrens-
ville, two more iu Orange, and one at the Euclid
stone school-house:

1837, Phillip Green, Peter Burroughs; 1838, Lo-
euzo D. Prosser, J. W. Davis; 1839, John H.
Hallock, William P. Wilson, Geo. C. Baker; 1840,
J. H. Hallock, Milo H. Bettis; 1841, W. French,
John 0. Wood; 1843, W. French, Wm. S. Warallo;
1843, W. S. Warallo, H. Elliott; 1844, John E.
Aikins, Milo Butler; 1845, J. E. Aikins, 0. P.
Henry; 1846, Albina Hall, D. M. Stearns; 1847, A.
Hall, John H. Tagg; 1848, Samuel Gregg, W. F.
Day; 1849, Ira Eddy, W. P. Day; 1850-51, A.
Walker, E. C. Lattimer; 1852, A. Pouts, Samuel
Raynels; 1853, A. Pouts, Robert Gray; 1854, Thomas
Radcliffe, Joseph Wooley; 1855, William Patterson,
John McCarthy; 1856, L.W. Ely, AlbertNorton; 1857,
H. P. Henderson, L. E. Beardsley; 1858-9, Hiram
Kellogg; 1860, Cyril Wilson; 1861, M. Williams; 1862,
G. R. Bowman; 1863-4, J. K. Mendenhall; 1865-6-7,
B. C. Warner; 1868-9, Thomas Radcliffe; 1870, A.
Pouts; 1871, Robert Gray; 1872-3, Hiram Kellogg;
1874, C. W. Darrow; 1875, S. Collier; 1876-7, George
Johns; 1878-9, P. L. Chalker.

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Full text of "History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. With portraits and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers"

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