Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History)

YUE etal

f

Binks

bes ys

aire
aeehit

Lb tt
pitt pies

BAL IS

|
gr Sa

= i
me

t
45

i
i

aS

wat
1° as

i
16
Ee 7

epee
ee

ae

nan
Spare
et

Pres

ont ae"
vest

dues : SRLS ELE iE
fy atg un ap matt i

x

\ ¥
DESEO AS EES TUS CRE CLI LG

SO UUN ein ETE rain ny Ne

‘ AY : yh

SPEAR AO EA nh

A wt sores :

suit g
ene ; i

sige MUN HOMES Liont a

is
eee ue uth
: : : 1
ue meer ete ; . } ny a
LEREET SE STs CANINE

¥
a eat Banal

eer
wee

See
ie

ean

ans a
ee Ne

ore CATES TRA RPT EAS Ce wa ee

Parse Cae

TER aL SE LL Gee ay ek te:

EEN UE

=

Wi

:

ee,

‘yt!

se elias

pa

ieee

+

CATALOGUE

OF THE

UNGULATE MAMMALS

IN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Vou. III.

ARTIODACTYLA,
FAMILIES BOVIDA,
SUBFAMILIES APYCEROTINA TO TRAGELAPHIN &
(PALA, SAIGA, GAZELLES, ORYX GROUP, BUSHBUCKS,
KUDUS, ELANDS, Erc,),
ANTILOCAPRIDA (PRonGBUCK), AND

GIRAFFIDA! (GIRAFFES AND OKAPI).

By R. LYDEKKER, F.BS.,

ASSISTED BY

GILBERT BLAINE.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.

SOLD BY

Lonemans, Green & Co., 39, Parzrnostar Row, E.C.
B. QuaritcH, 11, Grarron STREET, New Bonp StREEt, W.
Dutav & Co., Lrp., 37, Sono Squarn, W.
AND AT THE
British Musrum (Naturat Hisrory), CromwELu Roan, §.W.

1914.
(All rights reserved.)
5

LONDON :
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
DURE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, $.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W-

PREFACE

THE third Volume of the Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals
includes the subfamilies Apycerotine, Saigine, Pantho-
lopine, Antilopine, Orygine and Tragelaphine, and thus
completes the Bovide, while it contains also an account
of the Antilocapride and Giraffide. Like its predecessors,
it has been prepared by Mr. R. Lydekker, who has
received much assistance, as in the case of Volume II., from
Mr. Gilbert Blaine.

A fourth Volume of this Catalogue is in preparation, which
it is hoped will include the remainder of the Artiodactyla.

SIDNEY F. HARMER,
Keeper of Zoology.

British Museum (Naturat History),
Lonpon, 8.W.
June 6, 1914,

a 2

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024783346

INTRODUCTION

Tus volume, in which I have again been greatly assisted by
Mr. Blaine, completes the Bovide, and also includes the
Antilocapride and Girafide.

As in Volume IT., advantage has been taken of the copious
synonymy in ‘“ The Book of Antelopes,” which is much fuller
than that given in most of the other groups included in this
Catalogue. It has, however, been found since the publica-
tion of the preceding volume that the references given in
the aforesaid work to “Jardine’s Naturalists’ Library” (not
infrequently misquoted “ Naturalists’ Miscellany”) do not
relate to the first edition, which is the one quoted in the
present volume. It has also been noticed that in some of
the references in “The Book of Antelopes” to F. Cuvier’s
“ Histoire Naturelle des Mammiferes” the dates of the several
“livraisons” in which the plates were originally issued
are quoted, whereas in certain other cases, like Antilope
seripta, which dates from 1826, the date on the title-page
to the concluding volume (1842) is quoted. In the present
volume the original dates of the respective “ livraisons,” or
plates, are quoted.

It may be added that the copies of F. Cuvier’s work in
the libraries of the Museum and of the Zoological Society
do not accord with one another either in the order in which
the plates are bound up or in their numbering, which is in
MS. This is exemplified by the following instances :—

Museum Zool. Society's
Copy. Copy.
Le Kevel . vol. ii, pl. 109 .. vol. iv, pl. 368
Corinne sh ah ae 2D. a 199 *3) 860
Antilope picta 2 37 889-40, 1.9793, 884-5
Cervus wallichi ¥. 4p.-g B28 Pe i ay as. BLE

In “The Book of Antelopes” the order of the Zoological

vi INTRODUCTION

Society’s copy is mainly followed; in the present volume
that of the Museum copy is quoted.

Thanks are again due to the Council of the Zoological
Society, as well as to the Smithsonian Institute, Messrs.
Rowland Ward, and various friends, for clichés of published
figures or of photographs.

May 10th, 1914.

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION ‘i a fk

Orper UNGULATA.

SuporDER I.—ARTIODACTYLA.
Section A.—PEcorA.
Famity I. Bovip .
SUBFAMILY UNCERTAIN .
GeENus AMMODORCAS .
AMMODORCAS CLARKEI
SuBraMILy xi.—/A%pyYCcEROTINE
Genus ASPYCEROS
ABPYCEROS MELAMPUS

A.—/Hpyceros melampus melampus.
B.—Mpyceros melampus johnstoni .

C.—Epyceros melampus katange
D.—pyceros melampus suara
E.—pyceros melampus rendilis
F.—pyceros melampus petersi

SupraMILy xii.—Salcine[
GENUS SAIGA
SAIGA TATARICA
SuBFaMILY xiiiimPANTHOLOPINE
Genus PANTHOLOPS
: PANTHOLOPS HODGSONI
SuBFAMILY xiv.—ANTILOPINA
I. Genus ANTILOPE .
ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA
II. Genus GAzELLA .
1. Suspcenus Procapra . ‘ ‘

I. GazgLLA (PROCAPRA) PICTICAUDATA

OoODmDnanrF WYO NY

Vill CONTENTS

II. GazeLia (PRocAPRA) PRZEWALSKII

III. GazeLya (Procapra) GUTTUROSA

A.—Gazella gutturosa gutturosa
B.—Gazella gutturosa altaica

2. SuBGENts GaZELLA

IV. GazELLA SUBGUTTUROSA
A.—Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa
B.—Gazella subgutturosa sairensis

VY. GAZELLA YARKANDENSIS

VI. GAZELLA SEISTANICA
VII. GAZELLA FUSCIFRONS
VIII. GazeELLA BENNETTI

IX. GAZELLA CUVIERI

X. GAZELLA GAZELLA

XI. GAZELLA ARABICA

A.—Gazella arabica arabica
B.—Gazella arabica erlangeri
C.—Gazella arabica rueppelli

XII. GazELLA MUSCATENSIS .
XIII. GazeLLa MARICA.

XIV. GAZELLA RUFIFRONS

A.—Gazella rufifrons rufifrons.
B.—Gazella rufifrons levipes
C.—Gazella rufifrongs hasleri
D.—Gazella rufifrons kanuri
E.—Gazella rufifrons centralis.

XV. GAZELLA RUFINA .

AVI. GAZELLA LEPTOCEROS

A.—Gazella leptoceros leptoceros
B.—Gazella leptoceros loderi

XVII. GAzeELLA DORCAS.

A.—Gazella dorcas dorcas
B.—Gazella dorcas isabella

XVIII. GazeE.ua LITTORALIS

A.—Gazella littoralis littoralis.
B.—Gazella littoralis osiris

XIX. GAZELLA PELZELNI
XX. GAZELLA SPEKEI

XXI. GAZELLA TILONURA

PAGE

CONTENTS

XXII. GazeLia ALBONOTATA
XXIII. Gazeta THOMSONI
5. SuBGENus NANGER

XNTV. Gazetta (NANGER) GRANTI
A.—Gazella granti granti
B.—Gazella granti roosevelti
C.—Gazella granti robertsi
D.—Gazella granti lacuum
E.—Gazella grauti raineyi
F.—Gazella granti brighti
G.—Gazella granti notata
H.--Gazella granti serengete
I. —Gazella granti petersi

XXYV. GazeLLta (NANGER) SOEMMERRINGI.

A.—Gazella soemmerringi soemmerringi .

B.—Gazella soemmerringi erlangeri .

C.—Gazella soemmerringi sibylle

D.—Gazella soemmerringi casanove

E.—Gazella soemmerringi berberana

F.—Gazella soemmerringi butteri
XXXVI. GazELLa (NANGER) DAMA

A.—Gazella dama dama .
B.—Gazella dama mhorr.
C.—Gazella dama permista
D.—Gazella dama ruficollis

III. Genus ANTIDORCAS

ANTIDORCAS MARSUPIALIS P :
A.—Antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis
B.—Antidorcas marsupialis centralis

IV. Genus Lirgocranius.

LITHOCRANIUS WALLERI .

A.—Lithocranius walleri walleri
B.—Lithocranius walleri sclateri

SUBFAMILY xv.—ORYGINE
I. Genus Oryx
I. ORYX GAZELLA

II. Oryx BEISA

A.—Oryx beisa beisa
B.—Oryx beisa gallarum .
C,—Oryx beisa annectens
D.—Oryx beisa callotis

100
100
100
101
102
104
104
106
106

109

109

111
112

118

114

115
116

117
118
119

122

123
124
125
125

CONTENTS

III. Oryx ALGAzeL

A.—Oryx algazel algazel .
B.— Oryx algazel dammah

IV. Oryx LEUCORYX
II. Genus Hipporaacus
I. HrpporraGus LEUCOPHAUS
II. HrpporraGus EQUINUS .
A.—Hippotragus equinus equinus
B.—Hippotragus equinus langheldi .
C.—Hippotragus equinus bakeri
D.—Hippotragus equinus scharicus .
E.—Hippotragus equinus gambianus
III. HivporraGus NIGER
A.—Hippotragus niger niger
B.—Hippotragus niger kirki
C.—Hippotragus niger roosevelti
III. Genus Appax
ADDAX NASOMACULATUS .

A.—Addax nasomaculatus nasomaculatus .

B.—Addax nasomaculatus addax
SUBFAMILY xvi.—TRAGELAPHINE
I. Genus TRAGELAPHUS
1. SuspcENus TRAGELAPHUS
I. TRaGELAPHUS SCRIPTUS
A.—Tragelaphus scriptus scriptus
B.—Tragelaphus scriptus obscurus
C.—Tragelaphus scriptus phaleratus
D.—Tragelaphus scriptus makale
EK.—Tragelaphus scriptus knutsoni .
F.—Tragelaphus scriptus decula
G.—Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki
H.—Tragelaphus scriptus powelli
I. —Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor
J.—Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus .
K.—Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinotatus
L.—Tragelaphus scriptus bor .
M.—Tragelaphus scriptus pictus
N.—Tragelaphus scriptus signatus
O.—Tragelaphus scriptus uellensis
P.—Tragelaphus scriptus cottoni
Q.—Tragelaphus scriptus locorine
R.—Tragelaphus scriptus diane

PAGE
126
128
129

129
131
132
184 ,

136
137
138
139
140

141

143
144
146

146
146

149
150

150
151
152

152
155
157
157
157
158
159
-160
161
162
163
163
164
164
165
166
167
168
168

CONTENTS

8.—Tragelaphus scriptus dama
T.—Tragelaphus scriptus haywoodi .
U.—Tragelaphus scriptus delamerei .
V.—Tragelaphus scriptus eldome
W.—Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus .
X.—Tragelaphus scriptus massaicus .
Y.—Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis .
Z.—Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus
Z'.—Tragelaphus scriptus roualeyni .
Z?,—Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus .
II. TrRaGELAPHUS ANGASI
III. TRAGELAPHUS BUXTONI .
2. Supcenus Limnorracus
IV. TraceLapuus (LIMNOTRAGUS) SPEKEI
A.—Tragelaphus spekei spekei .
B.—Tragelaphus spekei gratus .
C.—Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus .
D.—Tragelaphus spekei selousi

Il. Genus STREPSICEROS .
I. STREPSICEROS IMBERBIS ‘
A.—Strepsiceros imberbis imberbis .
B.—Strepsiceros imberbis australis .

II. STREPSICEROS STREPSICEROS .

A.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsiceros .

B.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea
C.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros chora .

III. Genus Boodcercus

BobcERcUS EURYCERUS .

A.—Bodcercus eurycerus eurycerus .
B.—Bodocercus eurycerus isaaci

IV. Genus TavuRoTRAGUS .

I, TauROTRAGUS ORYX
A.—Taurotragus oryx oryx
B.—Taurotragus oryx livingstonei
C.—Taurotragus oryx selousi .
D.—Taurotragus oryx niediecki
E.—Taurotragus oryx kaufmanni
F.—Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus

II. TAUROTRAGUS DERBIANUS

A.—Taurotragus derbianus derbianus
B.—Taurotragus derbianus gigas
C.—Taurotragus derbianus congolanus

xi
PAGE
170
170
171
172
173
173
175
175
176
177

179
182
185
185
186
188
189
189
191
192
194
195
196

200
201
202

203

203

205
206

207

208
211
212
213
213
214
214

216

217
217
219

xl CONTENTS

V. Genus TETRACERUS
TETRACERUS QUADRICORNIS
VI. Genus BosELaPpHus
BosELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS
Fanmity II. ANTILOCAPRIDE
Genus ANTILOCAPRA

ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA
A.—Antilocapra americana americana
B.—Antilocapra americana mexicana
C.—Antilocapra americana peninsularis

Fanminty III. Grrarripe .
I, Genus GIRAFFA

I. GIRAFFA RETICULATA

A.—Giraffa reticulata reticulata
B.—Giraffa reticulata nigrescens

II. Grrarra CAMELOPARDALIS
A.—Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis
B.—Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum
C.—Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
D.—Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni
E.—Giraffa camelopardalis rothsehildi
F.—Giratla camelopardalis, subsp.
G.—Giraffa camelopardalis, subsp.
H.—Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi
I. —-Girafla camelopardalis thornicrofti
J.—Giraffa camelopardalis congoénsis
K.—Giraffa camelopardalis infumata
L.—Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis
M.—Giraffa, camelopardalis wardi
N.—Giraffa camelopardalis capensis

II. Genus OKAPIA

OKAPIA JOHNSTONI .

PAGE

220
220
224
225
229
230
230
232

234
234

234
236

236

238
239

240
242
244
246
247
248
250
251
251
252
253
253
254
255
256

258
258

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Head and Neck of Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis
rothschildt) . ‘

Fig. 1—Head of Dibatag te nee clar hei. (From

Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891) ;

» 2.—Head of Pala (Zipyceros melampus)

» 938,—The Saiga (Saiga tatarica)

» 4.—Head of Chiru (Pantholops hodgsont)

» 5,—Skull and Horns of Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) .

» 6.—Head of Przewalski’s Gazelle (Gazella [Procapra]

przewalskii), in Winter-coat. (From a rey
lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen)

» %—Head of Zeren or Mongolian Gazelle (Gnsélte [Pro-
capra] gutturosa), in Winter-coat. (From a photo-
graph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen) ;

8.—Altai Zeren Gazelle (Gazella ean gutturosa
altaica) in Summer-coat

9.—Front and Side Views of Skull ana Horns of Altai

Zeren Gazelle (Gazella [Procapra] guttwrosa altaica).
(From Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. 1913)

10.—Sistan Gazelle (Gazella setstanica). (From a photo-
graph by Lieut.-Col. Kennion)

11.—Head and Neck of Kennion’s Gazelle (Gazella Pildek:
frons). (From Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911)

12.—Head of Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennetti) .

13.—Skull and Horns of Palestine Gazelle (Gazella pedals
(From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904)

14,—Skull and Horns of Red Gazelle (Gazella Hifi,
(From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894) .

15.—Skull and Horns of Rhim or Loder’s Gazelle (Gazella
leptoceros lodert). (From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1894) .

16.—Head and Neck of ign Gills (Gasella Bene,
(From Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911) .

17.—Head of Grant’s Gazelle (Gazella grantt) .

18.—Skull and Horns of Usagara Race of Grant’s Gazelle
(Gazella granti robertst). (From Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1908)

PAGE

xvi

33

36

38

39

91

Xv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 19.—Head of Soemmerring's Gazelle (Gazella soemmerringi) 99
», 20.—Head of Red-necked Gazelle (Gazella dama ruficollts). 108
21.—Head of Deelfontein ee (Antidorcas marsu-

pialis centralis) . ‘i ; . . 112
5, 22.—Head of Gerenuk (Caribe itine siete ; ; . 14
», 23.—Head of Eastern Sable ae les niger
roosevelti) . : . 145
; 24.—Horns of Addax (iitiiee shcescsocsiaite, (From a
photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.) . 148

+» 25.—Skulland Horns of Nyala (Tragelaphus angasi). (From
a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.) 181

+, 26.—Mountain Nyala (Lragelaphus buxtoni) . . 183
»» 27.—Skull and Horns of Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus
buctont). (From a photograph lent by Messrs.

Rowland Ward, Ltd.) : : . 184
», 28.—Head of Zambesi Situtunga (T'ragelaphus [Limno-

tragus| speket seloust). 190
» 29.—Skull and Horns (A), and Frontlet and Horns (B) of

Lesser Kudu (Strepsiceros inberbis) . 193
», 80,—Skull and Horns of Kudu (Strepsiceros strepsiceros) . 199
», 31,—Head of Bongo (Bodcercus ewrycerus) 204

32.—Skulls and Horns of Male (A) and Female (B) Boake
(Boécercus eurycerus), from Sierra Leone. (From
photographs lent by Mr. W. T. Cross). ; 206

,, 33.—Head of Laikipia Eland (Taurotragus oryx patterson-
tanus). (From Lydekker, Novitates Zoologice,
1907) 215

34,—Head of Sudani Race of Lord Derby’s Eland (ei:
tragus oryx gigas). (From Rothschild, Novitates

Zoologice, 1905) . ‘ 218
» 35,—Skull and Horns of Four heaiel htaiags (Petr acerus

quadricornis) ‘ : 223
» 936.—Head of Nilgai (Boselaphus tr eure. F . 228
» 387.—Head of Pronghorn or Prongbuck (Antilocapra ameri-

cana) . z 233
, 88.—Lower Front Teeth of Elk (A) and Giraffe (B), to sie

the difference in the form of the canine . ‘ 235
» 39.—Skull of Netted Giraffe (Girajffa reticulata). oe

de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907) . ‘ 237

», 40.—Head and Neck of Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa sce esi
dalis rothschildz), A, and of Netted Giraffe (Giraffa
reticulata), B : 239
41.—Nubian Giraffe (Giraffa idindiod dalis tits chiral 243
42.—Kordofan Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis antiqguorum) 245

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xV

PAGE
Fig. 43.— Skull of Toposa Giraffe twas camclopardalis esc

a, Azygous orbital “horn” . 247

» 44.—Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopar alia pony. 249
5, 45.—Head and Neck of Toposa Giraffe (Giraffa camelo-
pardalis cottont), A, and of North Transvaal Giraffe

(Giraffa camelopardalis wardt), B ; 255,
» 46.—Skull of Southern Giraffe (Giraffa inet
capensis). (de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897) . 257

» 47.—Frontal View of Skull of Male Okapi (Okapia johnstont) 260
» 48.—Frontal View of Skull of Female — (Okapia
johnstont) . ‘ : 261
» 49.—The Okapi (Okapia ee : 262,
5, 560.—Side View of Skull and Anterior Cervical shchewe ai
Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) . ; . 263

HkEaD AND Neck or BaRinco GIRaFrE
(Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi).

CATALOGUE

OF

UNGULATHES.

VOD . TL.

Famity BOVIDAE (concluded).

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME.

c. Horns (when twisted) heteronymous (vol. ii, p. 1).
a. Horns absent in females; feet without
deep interdigital clefts; molars
caprine.
a’, A pair of glands on lower ends of hind-
shanks ; nose normal ............... Aipycerotine, p. 4.
b’. No glands on lower ends of hind-
shanks ; nose abnormal.
a". Nose trunk-like, with downwardly
directed nostrils; typically
three pairs of upper and two
of lower premolars ..............5 Saigine, p. 12.
6". Nose slightly bent down and
laterally inflated, with for-
wardly directed nostrils; two
pairs of premolars...........:s0066+ Pantholopine, p. 17.
b. Horns present or absent in females;
when present in both sexes, not
spike-like in males.
a’. Feet with deep interdigital clefts ;
molars caprine; tail short or
medium ; foot-glands present...... Antilopine, p. 21.
b’. Feet without deep interdigital clefts ;
molars semi-bovine ; tail medium
or long; foot-glands wanting ...... Tragelaphine, p. 150.
c. Horns present in both sexes.
Feet without deep interdigital clefts;
molars semi-bovine; tail long;
foot-glands present ...........s0seee0 Orygine, p. 117.

III. B

2 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

SuBFAMILY UNCERTAIN.

Genus AMMODORCAS.

Ammodorcas, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 216, 1898; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, pp. 897 and 917.

REPRESENTED by a single species, of the approximate
stature of the medium-sized gazelles. General form some- ~
what gazelle-like, but neck slender and elongated, horns
(which are absent in female) curving backwards and then
forwards, much in the fashion of those of a reedbuck, and
tail long, reaching nearly to hocks; muzzle hairy; face-
glands present and gazelle-like; foot-glands and inguinal
glands apparently wanting; two pairs of teats; knees with
small glandular tufts; lateral hoofs small; tail medium.
Skull of a gazelle-like type, with shallow lachrymal depres-
sions, and the premaxille reaching the nasals; the normal
three pairs of premolars in each jaw, of which the first are
usually small.

Restricted to Somaliland.

In regard to the affinities of this genus, Pocock, after
referring to his examination of certain dried skins, proceeds
to remark that “superficially the feet showed no signs of
pedal glands. Certainly there were none such as exist in
the Antilopinw ; and I judged that the feet resembled those
of Atpyceros or Kobus. Also there were two pairs of well-
developed teats, and, I could find no evidence of inguinal
glands. These features, coupled with the long ‘bovine’ tail,
and the shape and direction of the horns, which are more
cervicaprine [reduncine] than gazelline, should exclude
the genus from the Antilopinw. On the other hand, the
preorbital glands appear to be like those of Gazella, and the
muzzle is hairy, as in that genus. The skull is also very
gazelline.

“These cross-resemblances make Amnodorcas extremely
difficult to classify. It has been described as intermediate
between Gazella and Irthocranius. This is true of the
length of the neck, the structure of the upper lip, and some
characters connected with the skull. On the other hand, in

AMMODORKCAS 3

the structure of the feet, horns, and tail the genus is less
gazelline than Lithocranius.”

AMMODORCAS CLARKE!

Cervicapra clarkei, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. vii,
p. 804, 1891,

Ammodoreas clarkei, T'homas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207, pls. xxi
and xxii; Sclater, ibid. 1892, pp. 101 and 118; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 128, 1892, ed. 6, p. 277, 1910, ed. 7, p. 244, 1914;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 240, 1893, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 368, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 271, 1908;
Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 318, Seventeen Trips to
Somaliland, p. 310, 1895; Hoyos, Zu den Aulikan, p. 181, 1895 ;
Elliot, Zool. Publ. Field Mus. vol. i, p. 124, 1897, Cat. Mamm.
Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 79, 1907 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 219, pl. lxxiii, 1898 ;
Clarke, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 368, 1899 ; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 917; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of
Somali. p. 83, 1910.

DIBATAG.

Typical locality, Buroa Wells, East Central Somaliland.

Shoulder-height about 31 inches. General colour dark
purplish rufous or cinnamon; face with a pair of gazelle-like
white streaks, continuous posteriorly with a whitish area
round eyes and ears, median dark streak rich fulvous
rufous, lateral dark facial streaks ill-defined; backs of ears
dull whitish; chin and under surface of jaw, under-parts,
backs of hams, and inner sides of upper portion of limbs
white; shanks fulvous; tail, which has a small tuft, blackish
above and below. Basal length of skull 74 inches. Good
horns measure from 11 to about 124 (in one instance 13)
inches in length, with a girth of from 4} to 53, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 24 to 54 inches.

91. 5. 7. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Buroa
Wells, East Central Somaliland. Type.

Presented by T. W. H. Clarke, Esq., 1891.
91. 12. 19. 4. Skin, mounted, and skull. Habr-Tojal,

near Buroa Wells. Same history.
91. 12. 19. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin (in bad
condition). Same locality. Same history.
91.12. 19. 6~7. Two skulls and skins (in bad condition),
female. Same locality. Same history.

B 2

4 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

91. 12. 3, 5. Skull, with horns. Near Bur-Dap Mts.,
Somaliland. Noticed in Book of Antelopes, vol. lii, p. 226.

Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1891.

86. 1. 25. 7. Skin. Somaliland; collected by Herr J.

Menges. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.

Fic. 1—Herap or Dipatac (Ammodorcas clarket).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891.

96. 10. 6. 2. Skeleton and skin, female. Darror Wells,
Somali Haud. Book of Antelopes, loc. cit.

Presented by Ford G. Barclay, Esq., 1896.

96. 10. 6. 3. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Same

locality. Same history.

SupramMiLy xi~-AEPYCEROTINA.

Represented by a single genus, with one (or possibly two)
species of relatively large size. Horns (absent in female)
medium or rather long, heteronymous, broadly lyrate, ridged
in front, and slightly compressed ; tail of medium length and

JEPYCEROTIN& 5

slender; nose normal; muzzle hairy; no face-glands or foot-
glands (at least in fore-limbs), but, according to Owen,
inguinal glands present; teats two; a pair of black-tufted
glands on hind surface of lower part of hind-shanks, but no
glandular tufts on knees ; lateral hoofs wanting ; feet similar
in structure to those of most of the Reduncine, but the
membrane between the hoofs clothed with short hairs; tail
medium. Skull without supraorbital pits or lachrymal
depressions, but with small lachrymal vacuities; three pairs
of lower premolars.
Range same as that of genus.

Genus HZ PYCEROS.

pyceros, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 271, 1847 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 15, 1897;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 918.

Apyceras, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 71, 1907.

Characters those of the subfamily.

The range extends from Little Namaqualand, just south
of the Orange River, and Bechuanaland as far north as
Angola on the western, and British East Africa and, it is
said, the Dafur district of the southern Sudan on the eastern
side of the continent.

ZEPYCEROS MELAMPUS.

Antilope melampus, Lichtenstein, Reise, vol. ii, p. 544, pl. iv, 1812,
Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi, p. 167, 1814; Goldfuss, Schreber’s
Stugthiere, vol. v, p. 1224, pl. celxxiv, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 888, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 405,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 7, pl. vi, 1848; Desmarest, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 456, 1822; Burchell, Travels in 8. Africa, vol. ii,
p. 801, 1824, List Mamm. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825;
H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 219, vol. v,
p. 884, 1827; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 874, 1827, Nowv. Tabl.
Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842; J.B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 462, 1829; Smuts, Hnum. Mamum. Cap. p. 74, 1832; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 209, 1834 ; Jardine, Naturalist’s,
Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 217, pl. xxix, 1835; Owen, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 683, 1868; Harris,
Wild Anim. S. Africa, p. 78, pl. xv, 1840; Gervais, Dict. Sct.
Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 616, 1841; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 162, 1843, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit.

6 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Mus. p. 57, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850; Wagner,
Schreber’s Sdugthicre, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 417, 1844, vol. v, p. 409,
1855; Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Saugeth. p. 190, 1852;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 190, 1853; Giebel, Sdiugethiere,
p. 818, 1858-55; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 426,
1875; Brehm, Thierleben. Scugethiere, vol. iii, p. 2038, 1880;
Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 477, 1887.

Antilope pallah, Gervais (ex Cuv.) Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840.

Epyceros melampus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,
p. 271, 1847; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 65, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 42, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 112, 1873; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Manum. Brit. Mus. p. 234, 1862; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 171, 1863; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p- 101, 1893, p. 728; Kirk, ibid. 1864, p. 656; Heuglin and
Fitzinger, Siteber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. liv, pt. 1, p. 590, 1866 ;
Fitzinger, ibid. vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 157, 1869; Buckley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1876, pp. 283 and 291, 1897, p. 454; Heuglin, Reise Nordost-
Afrika, vol. ii, p. 108, 1877; Selows, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,
p. 757, A Hunter’s Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 216, 1881;
Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ii, p. 40, 1884; Flower
and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 272, 1884 ;
Johnston, Kilimanjaro, pp. 218 and 824, 1886; Noack, Zool.
Jahrb., Syst. vol. ii, p. 206, 1887; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus.
vol. ix, p. 173, 1887, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 138, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. ctt. vol. xi)
p. 170, 1892; Hunter, Willoughby’s E. Africa, p. 288, 1889 ;
Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 604; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 169, 1891, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 208, 1900; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals,
p. 841, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 99, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 226, 1910, ed. 7, p. 226, 1914; Nicolls and Eglington,
Sportsman in S, Africa, p. 41, 1892; True, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. vol. xv, p. 472, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 229, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 828, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 239, 1908; Barkley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1894, p. 182; Thomas, ibid. 1894, p. 145; Jackson, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, pp. 285 and 806,
1894; Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 61,
1894; Rendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 359; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 17, pl. xlviii, 1897;
Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 8238, 1899;
A. H. Neumann, ibid. p. 327; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa,
p. 572, 1904; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, 918; Letcher,
Big Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 185, 1911.

‘Epyceras melampus, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool, Pub. vol. viii) p. 72, 1907.

Pata, Panwa, or Impana.

Typical locality Klipfontein, Little Namaqualand, S. E.
Africa.

Height at withers about 39 inches; general colour bright
reddish brown, or bay, becoming paler on flanks ; head dark

ZEPYCEROTINUE if

fawn, with or without a blackish face-blaze, a dark mark in
front of eye on sides of face, or a black patch on crown; a
streak above eye, chin and under surface of jaw, upper part
of throat, and under-parts white; ears medium, with the
backs fawn, and the terminal third black ; a light ring above

Fig. 2.—Heap or Pata (pyceros melampus).

hoofs on each pastern, a pair of black glandular tufts on
lower end of posterior surface of hind-shanks, and a black
line on upper surface of tail, extending more or less on to
loins. Average basal length of skull about 10} inches.
Horns vary in length locally from about 18 to as much as
30 or even 31 inches, measured along the curve, and from
about 14 to 24 or even 254 inches in a straight line.

8 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Range co-extensive with that of the genus.

The following races have been named, but some of these
are very closely related, and so imperfectly defined, that a
complete “key ” cannot yet be drawn up :—

a. No dark blaze on lower part of face.

a. Horns medium; generally from about 18 to

20 inches in a straight line; colour duller... 4. m. melampus.
6. Horns very small, frequently not more than

14 inches in a straight line ......... ee 4. m. johnston.
c. Horns still smaller ........cccc cece cee cee ree ese eee ee 4i.m. katange.
da. Horns very large, attaining in some cases a

length of from 23 to 25 inches in a straight

line ; colour redder; faint dark marks near

CVE. eanscasmeanwnecasumeanacamanh teutsaiemensiensneddaeene Ai. m. suara,
e. Larger than last, colour darker; no dark
OY SSIMATKS acts slessden sais anicmobaaidas nenpinningseseules vat 4G. m., rendilis.
Bs. A dark blaze on lower part of face ..............006 4G. m. peterst.

A.—Epyceros melampus melampus.

ZEpyceros melampus typicus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 558 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 227, 1910.

Typical locality Klipfontein, Little Namaqualand, just
south of the Orange River, which apparently marks the
southern limit of the species.

Horns apparently medium in size; no blaze or other
dark markings on face. Basicranial length about 10% inches
(260 mm.).

How far north this race extends has not been determined,
and the reference to it of some of the undermentioned
specimens is consequently provisional.

619, a. Frontlet and horns, Lataku, Bechuanaland.
This and another specimen from the same donor were the
first examples of the species received at the Museum, and
probably in England. The animal to which they belonged
was shot in 1812. Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

38. 6. 9.102. Skin, immature. South Africa; collected
by Sir Andrew Smith, probably in the Western Transvaal or
Griqualand. Purchased, 1838.

42.12.6.1. Skin, female. South Africa,

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1842.

57. 4. 28.76. Skin, mounted. South Africa; collected
by Dr. Smuts. Purchased, 1857,

APYCEROTINE 9

57. 4. 28. 77. Skin, mounted. Same locality and
collector. Same history.
50. 8. 22-23. Two pairs of horns. South. Africa.
Purchased (Argent), 1850.
59. 8.17.1. Skull, with horns. South Africa.
Purchased (Stevens), 1859.
89. 2.4.4. Frontlet and horns, immature. Swaziland.
Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

B.—Apyceros melampus johnstoni.

Aipyceros melampus johnstoni, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 553 ;
Loénnberg, Rev. Zool. Africaine, vol. iii, p. 273, 1913.

(?) Apyceros melampus holubi, Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix,
Notizen, p. 62, 1894; Lénnberg, Rev. Zool. Africaine, vol. iii,
p. 278, 1913.

Distinguished from typical race by the shorter horns and
more slender skull. Lénnberg, op. cit., considers that holudi,
from the district north of the Zambesi, is probably insepar-
able from this race.

Typical locality Nyasaland.

In The Book of Antelopes Sclater and Thomas came to the
conclusion that the Nyasa pala was inseparable from the
typical race of the species, but it seems entitled to rank as a
distinguishable form. The length of the horns of the type
specimen, measured in a straight line is 13{ inches; basi-
cranial length about 10}, inches (255 mm.).

92. 8. 1. 64. Head, mounted, body-skin, and skull.
Zomba, Nyasaland; collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Type.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.O.M.G., K.C.B., 1892.

92. 8.1.65. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality

and collector. Same history.
93. 7. 9. 23-24. Two skulls, with horns. Shiré
Highlands. Same donor, 1893.
97. 10. 1. 294. Skin, female. Zomba; collected by
Mr. Carson. Same donor, 1897.

93, 7. 25. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, provisionally
referred to this race. Lake Mweru, N. W. Rhodesia;
collected by R. Crawshay, Esq. Letcher writes that the
Rhodesian pala carries much smaller horns than its

10 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

East African representative, from 18 to 20 inches along the
curve being a good measurement. Same donor, 1893.
8. 4. 3. 93. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin
separate). Tetté, Zambesia; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.

Probably represents the so-called holwbi.
Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1908.

C.—pyceros melampus katangee.

AEpyceros melampus katangey, Lénnberg, Rev. Zool. Africaine,
vol. iii, p. 276, 1913.

Typical locality Katanga, Belgian Congo.

Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, near Brussels.

Still smaller than the preceding race, and, in fact, the
smallest of the whole group, the basicranial length being
only about 94 inches (240 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

D.—#pyceros melampus suara.

Strepsiceros suara, Matschie, Sitaber. Ges. nat, Freunde, 1892, p. 135,
partim.

AEpyceros suara, Matschie, Sadugeth. Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, p. 129, 1895.

fEpyceros melampus suara, Lonnberg, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru
Exped., Mamm. p. 44, 1908, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol.
xlviii, no. 5, p. 164, 1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails,
p. 487, 1910.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district, German East Africa.

Type apparently in Berlin Museum.

Size relatively small; general colour rufous—“ dead leaf” ;
an ill-defined blackish patch below and in front of each eye;
face bright rufous; backs of ears dark fawn; nasals short
and narrow.

92. 10. 18. 2. Skin, mounted. Kilimanjaro; collected
by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G. Topo-type.

Purchased (Ward), 1892.

JEPYCEROTINUE 11

E.—Epyeeros melampus rendilis.

Epyceros melampus rendilis, Lénnberg, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 164, 1912.

Typical locality north of Guaso-nyiro, British East Africa.
Type in Royal Swedish Museum of Natural History.
Larger and darker than swara, with the general colour
fawn, darkening into madder-brown on back; no patch in
front of eyes; face with a dusky. suffusion; backs of ears
buff; and nasals longer and wider. Fine horns measure from
22 to 25 or 254 inches in a straight line, and from 28 to 31
or 318 along the curve, with a basal girth of from 5} to 68,
and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 92 to 27} inches.
63. 7. 7. 18. Skull, with horns, and skin (imperfect),
immature. Uzaramo, East Africa.
Presented by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.
94. 5. 4. 1. Head, mounted. Near Lake Elmenteita,
B. E. Africa. Presented by
LTieut.-Col. Sir F. D. Lugard, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1894.
96. 11. 23. 3. Skin, mounted, female. Near Lake
Naivasha, B. E. Africa; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson,
K.C.M.G. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1896.
98. 7. 2. 14-15. Two skulls, with horns. N. E. Africa.
Presented by H. Andrew, Esq., 1894.
1.8.9. 80. Skull, with horns. Near Lake Naivasha.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C_ILG., K.C.B., 1901.
1. 8. 9. 81. Frontlet and horns. Near Lake Baringo,
N. W. Rhodesia. Same history.
4.5.5.4, Skin. Near Lake Elmenteita.
Presented by C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1904.
4.7, 2.3. Head, mounted. N. E. Africa.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
5. 4. 8. 32-33. Two skulls, with horns. South-west
Ankoli, Uganda; collected by Mr. W. G. Doggett.
Presented by Lieut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1905.
5. 4.3. 34. Skull, female. Same locality and collector.
Same history.
7.11. 28.2. Skin. Lualaba Valley, Congo.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

12 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

F.—Zpyceros melampus petersi.

pyceros petersi, Bocage, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 741; Huet, Bull.
Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 479; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1890,
p. 460; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 341, 1891;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 231, 1893, Great and Smail Game
of Africa, p. 828, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 244, 1908 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 25, 1897 ;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 297, 1900.

JEpyceras petersi, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 79, 1907.

Aipyceros melampus petersi, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 229, 1910.

Typical locality Angola.
Distinguished from typical race by the presence of a
blackish brown blaze on middle of lower part of muzzle.
98. 3. 20. 2. Skin, mounted, and skull. Membo Valley,
Angola; collected by G. W. Penrice, Esq.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1898.
98. 3. 20. 3. Skull and skin, female. Coporolé Valley,
Angola ; same collector. Same history.
5. 1.11.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South Cuneni
Valley, on Damara border of Angola.
Presented by Capt. B. A. Cunningham, 1905.

SuBFaMILY xii—SAIGINA.

Represented by a single medium-sized and heavily built
existing species. Horns (absent in females) of medium
length, heteronymous, somewhat irregularly lyrate, heavily
ridged, and (unlike those of all other antelopes) amber-
coloured or whitish; tail short ; nose inflated and prolonged
into a kind of downwardly bent proboscis, with the nostrils
opening downwards ; muzzle hairy ; small face-glands ; glands
in all four feet, comparable in structure, according to Pocock,
to those of a sheep rather than to those of a gazelle; a pair
of small inguinal glands, placed close to the teats, which are
four in number; a pair of tufted knee-glands; lateral hoofs
present ; foot-structure not fully known; tail short. Skull
with short premaxille and nasals, a large and vaulted nasal
aperture, small supraorbital pits, shallow lachrymal depres-
sions, but no lachrymal vacuities; two pairs of lower and

SAIGIN AL 13

three of upper premolars in the adult of the existing species,
but apparently three lower pairs in the extinct European
Pleistocene S. prisca.*

The range of the single living species of the subfamily
during the historic period included the steppes of south-
eastern Europe and north-western Asia, from those between
the Volga and Ural through the government of Samara, and
thence eastward over the Kirghiz Steppes and the steppe-
country of western Siberia; to the south it extended into
Russian Turkestan, Zungaria, and the western side of the
Gobi. During the Pleistocene the group ranged into western
Europe.

Genus SAIGA.

Saiga, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. xxvi, 1843; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 29, 1897; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898.

Colus, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 419, 1844.

Characters and range those of the subfamily. The genus
is regarded by Pocock as exhibiting distinct signs of affinity
with the Caprine, especially in the structure of the feet.

SAIGA TATARICA.

Capra tatarica,t Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i, p. 97, 1766; Miiller,
Natursyst. vol. i, p. 417, 1778.

Antilope saiga, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 6, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fase. xii,
pp. 14 and 21, 1777, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 252, 1811;
Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 121, 1780; Schreber,
Sdugthiere, pl. celxxvi, 1782; Boddaert, Hlenchus Anim. p. 148,

-1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 185, 1788; Kerr,
Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 309, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge,
vol. i, p. 626, 1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99,
1795; Cuvier, Tabl. Elém. Hist. Nat. p. 168, 1798, Dict. Sct.
Nat. vol. ii, p. 229, 1894, Réegne Anim. vol. i, p. 261, 1817; Bech-
stein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645, 1800; Shaw,
Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 8389, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 112, 1802; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,
Table, p. 38, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 181, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii,
p. 452, 1822; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 409, 1808; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 428, 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal.
vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v,

* Nehring, Newes Jarhb. Min. Geol. u. Pal. vol. ii, p. 181, 1891.
+ The name is very generally misspelt tartarica, in the same
manner as Tatary is misspelt Tartary.

14 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

N

p. 1216, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 389, 1821,
Synop. Mam. vol. ii, p. 408, 1845, Mon, Antilop. p. 12, 1848;
Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 442, 1822; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 391, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 289, 1836,
Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 458, 1829; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. i,
p- 260, 1840; Abbott, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 70; Laurillard,
Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 616, 1841; Wagner, Schreber's
Sdugthtere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 420, 1844, vol. v, p. 402, 1855;
Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 318, 1853-55; Nehring, Tundren und
Steppen, p. 186, 1890, Zetitschr. Ges. Hrdkunde, vol.-xxvi, p. 827,
1891, Zool. Garten, 1891, p.828; Krerntk, Bull, Ac. Sct. Cracovie,
1912, p. 981.

Capra sayga, Forster, Phil. Trans. vol. lvii, p. 344, 1767.

Antilope scythica, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fase. i, p. 9, 1767; Miiller,
Natursyst., Suppl. p. 58, 1776; Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim.
p. 289, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 544, 1777;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 88, 1780; Oken, Allgemeine
Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 1865, 1838.

Antilope (Gazella) saiga, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 171, 1814.

Cerophorus (Antilope) saiga, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas colus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 736, 1816.

Antilope colus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 226,
vol. v, p. 3835, 1827; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 87,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Lesson, Nouv. Tabdl.
Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842.

Saiga tatarica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 160, 1848, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 55, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 8, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 112, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 51,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 33, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 102, 1873; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool.
Guiné, p. 189, 1853; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 231, 1862; Glitsch, Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1865, p. 207; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 240, pl. xvii, List Anim. Zool. Gardens,
p. 143, 1883; Murie, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 451; Severtzow,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii, p. 171, 1876; Przewalski,
Reise in Trbet, pp. 23 and 252, 1884; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 265, 1884; Sterndale,
Mamm. India, p. 468, 1884; Rosstkow, Obzor mlekoptt. dolingr.
Malki, p. 79, 1887; Radde and Walter, Zool. Jahrb., Syst.
vol. iv, p. 1061, 1889; Smzth Woodward, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890,
p. 614; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 841, 1891 ;
Satunin, Mitt, Kaukas. Mus. vol. i, p. 66, 1901, vol. ii, p. 245,
1906, vol. iii, p. 82, 1907; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 101,
1892, ed. 6, p. 231, 1910, ed. 7, p. 231, 1914; Lydekker, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 168, 1893, Great and Small Game of Europe, ete.
p. 187, 1901; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii,
p. 31, pl. xlix, 1897; Pouwsargues, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi,
p. 168, 1898; Fritze, Jahrb. Prov. Mus. Hannover, 1905-6,
p. 42; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Iteld Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 72, 1907; Pocock, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898;
Trouessart, Fawne Mamm. Europe, p. 234, 1910.

SIAGINAS 15

Antilope tatarica, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 890, 1844; Swndevall,
K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270, 1847.

Saiga colus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 281,
1846.

Gazella colus, Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 168.

Colus saiga, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 161, 1869.

Colus tataricus, Brehm, Thierleben, Stiugethiere, vol. iii, p. 283, 1880.

Saiga saiga, Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas)

vol. ix) p. 134, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)
p- 165, 1892.

Satca, or Sarcak.
Typical locality Ural Steppes.
Size approximately that of a large sheep, the shoulder-
height being about 30 inches. General colour in summer

Fic. 3.—Tue Saiea (Saiga tatarica).

dull yellowish, with the throat and indistinct markings on
the face whitish ; in winter, when the coat is much longer
and thicker, the colour is uniformly whitish throughout ;

16 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

ears short, thickly haired, and, like the very short tail,
coloured like the body ; two pairs of lower premolars. Basal
length of skull about 94 inches. Good horns measure from
12 to 14 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 43 to
54, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 2 to 54 inches.

The range within the historic period is co-extensive with
that of the subfamily; whether the saiga-remains from the
British gravels are rightly referred to the existing species, or
whether they should be identified with the extinct S. prisca
of the Moravian Pleistocene, may be uncertain.

96, a. Skin, in summer coat, mounted. Siberia.

Purchased (Brandt).

73. 2.24.6. Skin, mounted, female. Eastern Russia.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.
76. 2.15.6. Skeleton. Sarepta, Volga Steppes.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.
76. 5. 23.1. Skin, in winter coat, mounted. Sarepta.
Same hestory.
76. 5. 23.1,a. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality.
Same history.

78. 4.6. 2. Skin, female in winter coat, mounted, and
skull. Same locality. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878.

97. 1. 5. 21. Skeleton. Siberia; collected by Dr. O.
Finsch. From the collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart.

Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.
1.1.12.1. Skin, mounted. Volga Steppes.
Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1901.

2. 3.19. 3. Head, female in winter dress, mounted.

Same locality. Same donor, 1902.
5. 8. 23.1. Head, immature, in summer dress, mounted.
Same locality. Same donor, 1905.
613, a. Pair of horns. Eastern Russia. No history.
613, 6. Two left horns. Eastern Russia. Figured in
Gray's Cat. Ungulata, pl. iii. No history.

78. 12. 21. 25 and 32. Two pairs of horns. Saissan,
western Siberia.
Presented by the Geographical Society of Bremen, 1878.

PANTHOLOPINA 17

SuBFAMILY xiii—PANTHOLOPIN-A.

Represented by a single existing species, of somewhat
larger size than the saiga. Horns (wanting in females) long,
erect, and compressed, diverging at first slightly and then
more markedly, with an evenly forward heteronymous curve
towards the tips, which are often a little turned in, heavily
ridged on front surface for their basal two-thirds ; tail short ;
nose slightly bent downwards, and much inflated laterally, at
least in males, with the nostrils normally placed; muzzle
hairy ; face-glands and foot-glands* wanting ; inguinal glands
very large and deep, opening at a distance from the single
pair of teats; no knee-tufts; lateral hoofs present; feet of
the general type of those of the Oreotragine (vol. li, p. 122),
with a strong backward fold in the interungual membrane,
in correlation with the full development of the hind part
(“heel”) of the lower surface, and the integument itself hairy
as far down as the “heel-tie”; tail short. Skull with a
relatively large nasal aperture (smaller than in Saiga), but
without distinct supraorbital pits or lachrymal depressicns ;
two pairs of upper and lower premolars in adult.f

The single generic representative of this subfamily,
together with Saiga and A¥pyceros, was included by Sclater
and Thomas in the Antilopinw. Pocock remarks, however,
that in the present genus “the integumental web which ties
the hoofs together is as deep and strong as in cattle (Bos) or
elands (Taurotragus), and the feet are quite different from
those of typical gazelles...; and the hoofs clearly have
nothing like the extension seen in the feet of sheep and
goats.” Although exhibiting some relationship to Saiga,
it is considered by the same writer that Pantholops should
be allowed, at least provisionally, separate subfamily rank.

The range is confined to the plateau of Tibet, where, in
addition to the existing form, the single genus appears to be
represented by an extinct species from the later Tertiary

* Teste Pocock.

{ This was first pointed out by Pousargues, Mém. Soc. Zool.
France, vol. xi, p. 174. Whether the missing teeth are developed in
the young and subsequently shed, as is the case with the anterior pair
of lower premolars in Saiga, does not appear to be ascertained.

III. Cc

Ls CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

deposits of Hundes, described by the present writer in 1881
(Ree. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xiv, p. 180, figured Quart. Journ.
Geol, Soc. vol. lvii, p. 289) as Pantholops hundesiensis.

Genus PANTHOLOPS.

Pantholops, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 81; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 43, 1897; Pousargues,
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 173, 1898; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898.

Characters and range the same as those of the subfamily.

PANTHOLOPS HODGSONTI.

Antilope hodgsoni, Abel, Calcutta Govt. Gazette, 1826, vide Phil Mag.
vol. lxvili, p. 234, 1826, Edinburgh Journ. Sct. vol. vii, p. 164,
1827, ‘Editor, Gleanings in Sctence, vol. i, p. 144, 1829;
J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 462, 1829 ; Hodgson, Gleanings
in Science, vol. ii, p. 348, pls. iii-v, 1830, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831,
p. 52, 1882, p. 14, 1833, p. 110; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. i,
p. 261, 1840; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617,
1841; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 420,
1844, vol. v, p. 402, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 415,
1845; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270,
1847; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 814, 1853-55 ; Hooker, Himalayan
Journals, vol. ii, pp. 182 and 158, 1854; Przewalski, Mongolia
(Russian ed.), vol. ii, p. 823, pls. iii and iv, 1875, Morgan’s
Transl. of same, vol. ii, pp. 204 and 223, 1876.

Antilope kemas, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 196, vol. v, p. 828, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 285, 1836.

Antilope chiru, Lesson, Man. Mamm. v. 871, 1827 (ex. Quart. Orient.
Mag. 1824, p. 260, nomen nudum); Oken, Allgemeine Natur-
geschichte, vol. vii, p. 1869, 1838; Lesson, Nowv. Tabl. Régne
Anim., Mamm. p. 179, 1842.

Pantholops hodgsoni, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 80, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, p. 282, 1842, Calcutta Journ. Nat.
Hist. vol. iv, p. 291, 1844; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 52, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872; Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 102, 1873; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1858, p. 521; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 282,
1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber, k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 162, 1869; Blanford, Scientific Results, 2nd Yarkand' Miss.,
Mamm. p. 89, pl. xvi, 1879, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 524,
1891; Przewalski, From Kulja to Lob Nor, p. 85, 1879, Reise
in Tibet, pp. 109, 118, 129 and 166, 1884; Sterndale, Mamm.
India, p. 464, 1884; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 106,
1885; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 184, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi)
p. 166, 1892; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ‘ii,

PANTHOLOPIN 19

p. 161, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 341,
1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 102, 1892, ed. 6, p. 286,
1910, ed. 7, p. 288, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 157,
1898, Great and Small Game of India, etc. p. 167, 1900, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 184, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit.
Mus. p. 28,1918; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. ii, p. 335, 1894; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 45, pl. 1, 1897; Powsarguwes, Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. xi, p. 178, 1898; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 73, 1907; Bentham, Cat. Astat. Horns
Ind. Mus. p. 52, 1908; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 8983
Lotichius, Ber. Senckenberg. Ges. vol. xliii, p. 211, 1912.

Kemas hodgsoni, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 157, 1843, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, Cat. Hodgson
Coll. p. 26, 1846, ed. 2, p. 18, 1863, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 55,
1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 8, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 112; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 166, 1851;
Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 39, 1872,

CHIRU.

Typical locality Hundes district of Tibet.

Shoulder-height about 31 or 32 inches; coat very dense,
close, and crisp; general colour pale fawn, with a fulvous or
pinkish suffusion, especially on the flanks, gradually passing
into whitish on under-parts ; face of male blackish, and crown
of head whitish ; ears short and pointed, whitish; backs of
ears white; limbs pale greyish white, with a blackish stripe
down front surface of each pair in male; tail coloured above
like rump. Basal length of skull about 103 inches. Fine
horns measure from 24 to 272 inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 42 to 64, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from
11 to 184 inches.

The range probably includes the whole Tibetan plateau,
at elevations from about 12,000 to 18,000 feet, and is known
to extend from the Changchenmo district of north-eastern
Ladak, through the elevated area north of Kumaon and
Sikhim, and so on to northern Tibet.

43. 1.12.100. Skin, mounted. Hundes district, Tibet.

Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1843.

[45. 1. 8. 136. Single horn; length 273 inches. Same

locality. Same donor, 1845.]
45. 1. 8. 136. Imperfect skull, with horns. Same
locality. Same history.

614, a. Horns, Tibetan frontier cf Nepal.
Presented by Major Honeywood.
c 2

20 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

56. 9. 22. 19. Skeleton, imperfect. Probably from

Ladak ; collected by Gen. Abbott. Purchased, 1856.
614, a. Frontlet and horns. Locality unknown.
Figured in Gray’s Cat. Ungulata, pl. iii. No history.

Fic. 4.—Hrap or Curru (Pantholops hodgsoni).

75. 3.30.1, Skull and skin, female. Ladak.
Presented by Liewt.-Col. J. Biddulph, 1875.
79. 11. 21.18. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown.
Transferred from the India Museum, 1879.
79. 11. 21. 589. Skin, immature. Hundes district;
collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. Same history.

PANTHOLOPINA 21

88. 3. 20. 17. Skull, with horns. Changchenmo,
N. E. Ladak. Presented by R. Lydekker, Esg., 1888.
91.10. 7. 170. Skin, mounted. Sikhim; collected by
A. Mandelli, Esq. Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, 1891.
91. 10. 7. 171. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

91.11. 15. 2-3. Two skins, male and female. Ladak.
Presented by H. C. V. Hunter, Hsq., 1891.

91.8. 7. 63. Skull, with horns. Northern Kumaon.

Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 64-65. Two skulls, with horns. North of

Leh; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 66-68. Three skulls, with horns. Northern
Kumaon. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 69-70. Two skulls, with horns. Chantang
Plateau ; collected by Mr. Dalgleish. Same history.
91. 8.7.71. Skull, with horns. Beansi Pass, northern
Kumaon ; collected by Mr. N. Troup. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 20, Skull and horns, north of Beansi Pass,
Kumaon ; collected by Mr. Troup. This specimen stands
No. 1 in Ward’s list. Length of horns 273, girth 64, tip-to-
tip interval 133 inches.

Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1912.

12. 10. 31. 21. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. No. 3 in Ward’s list. Length of horns 27},

girth 52, tip-to-tip interval 15}. Same history.
12. 10. 31. 21. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

98.10.18..1. Head, mounted. Ladak.
Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1898.

SupraMILy xiv.—_ANTILOPINZA.

Includes a large number of, for the most part, gracefully
built medium-sized or rather small antelopes, with the horns
(which may be present or absent in females, and when
developed in that sex are smaller and simpler than in males)
either twisted in a heteronymous corkscrew-like spiral, or
curved backwards in such a manner that the basal portion is

22 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

convex anteriorly, and in some cases more or less distinctly
lyrate, always with well developed ridges; tail moderately
or very short; nose normal and muzzle hairy; face-glands
usually present; inguinal glands present or absent; teats
usual 2, rarely 4; glandular knee-tufts generally present ;
lateral hoofs retained ; feet with a large interdigital cleft, as
in Bubaline (vol. ii, p. 2), and foot-glands in each pair,
which form the deep cleft with a long aperture on the front
of the pasterns, and the web extending forwards as a close
fold of integument from the “heel” towards the front of the
hoofs, so as to separate the cavity of the gland from the space
between the hoofs; tail short or medium. Skull with
supraorbital pits, and usually lachrymal depressions and
lachrymal vacuities ; upper molars, as in the three preceding
subfamilies, of the tall, narrow, caprine type; three pairs of
lower premolars, except in Antidorcas. Face-markings,
which appear late in life, generally in the form of alternating
light and dark streaks; these in some cases disappearing
and leaving the whole face white.

The range of the subfamily includes south-eastern Europe,
western and central Asia, the Indian Peninsula, and Africa.

The genera may he distinguished as follows :—

A. Horns twisted into a corkscrew-like spiral ............ Antilope.
B. Horns curving backwards, with the basal portion
convex in front.
a. No glandular pouch on back.
a’. Neck normal; a pair of inguinal glands, except
in G. picticaudata, and usually one pair of

TOOGB? oss aisinapicieae asa denis he stings aadmeveemncd pes Seba mmeuees Gazella.
b'. Neck elongated; no inguinal glands; two pairs
OP TORTS csacincnitisvedside ner cabin eiteiaarorionltan siteseouneinnii Lithocranius.
b. A large glandular pouch, lined with long white
eversible hairs, on back............c.cecceeesceeceeesens Antidorcas.

I. Genus ANTILOPE.

Antilope, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 1766; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 8, 1897; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 894.

Cervicapra, Sparrman, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. i, p. 275,
1780.

The typical genus, represented by a single medium-sized
species. Horns (normally absent in female) twisted on their

ANTILOPINA 23

axis into a heteronymous corkscrew-like spiral; face-glands
very large; tail moderately short, compressed; inguinal
glands present; teats, normally two; feet with the folded
interungual web smooth and extending forwards nearly to
the upper margins of the hoofs, the interdigital cleft being
somewhat hairy; face-markings in the form of light rings
round the eyes. Skull with large lachrymal depressions and
three pairs of lower premolars.
The range is restricted to the Indiau Peninsula.

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA.

Capra cervicapra, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol, i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12,
vol. i, p. 96, 1766.

Antilope cervicapra, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spicil. Zool.
fasc. 1, p. 18, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 19, 1777; Eraleben, Syst. Regn.
Anim. p. 283, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 542,
1179, Geogr. Gesch. vol. ii, p. 116, 1780; Gatterer, Brev.
Zool, vol. i, p. 81, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxviii, 1785 ;
Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst.
Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 319,
1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 644, 1792; Latham
and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Link, Beytrage Natur-
gesch. vol. ii, p. 90, 1795; Cuvier, Tabl. Blém. Hist. Nat. p. 164,
1798, Régne Anim. vol. i, p. 261, 1817; Bechstein, Uebersicht
vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 644, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 366, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 116,
1802; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist, Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabi. p. 38,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 180, 1816, Mammatlogie, vol. ii, p. 451,
1822; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 410, 1808; Lichtenstein, Mag.
nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 172, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 437, 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii,
p. 180, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 451, 1822; Goldfuss,
Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1214, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 389, 1822, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 408,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 10, pl. lx, 1848; Desmoulins, Dict.
Class. Hist. Nat. vol.i, p. 448, 1822; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 231, vol. v, p. 887, 1827; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 370, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 289, 1836, Nouv.
Tabl. Hist. Nat. p. 175, 1842; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 457, 1829; Gray and Hardwicke, Illustr. Indian Zool. vol. i,
pls. xii and xiii, 1832; Bennett, Gardens Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 117
1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 34; Owen, tbid. 1836, p. 87, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 6383, 1868; Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836,
p. 1387; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1377,
1838 ; Elliot, Madras Journ. vol. x, p. 227, 1839; Gervais, Dict.
Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 620, 1840; Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1841; Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x,
p. 918, 1841; Forster, Descript. Anim. p. 879, 1842; Wagner,

24 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 416, 1844, vol. v, p. 409,
1855; Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 150, 1850;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270, 1847 ;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 190, 1850; Giebel, Sduge-
thiere, p. 812, 1853-55 ; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 59,
1869, ed. 2, p. 112, 1885; Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 19, 1875, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 521,
1891; Ball, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1877, p. 171; Brehm,
Thierleben, Stiugethiere, vol. iii, p. 198, 1880; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 266, 1884;
Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 187, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (vbid. vol. xi) p. 169,
1892; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 162, 1891 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 340, 1891; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 95, 1892, ed. 6, p. 235, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 285, 1907 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 152, 1893, Great
and Small Game of India, p. 159, 1900, Game Animals of India,
etc. p. 175, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 28, 1913;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 5, pl. xlviii,
1897; Lonnberg, Acta Soc. Upsal. ser. 3, 1903, p.1; Eliot, Cat.
Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 71, 1907;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 48, 1908; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 894; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. vol. xxi, pp. 410 and 1193, 1912.

Antilope rupicapra, Miiller, Natwrsyst., Suppl. p. 56, 1776 (ex
VAntilope, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 273, pls. xxxv and
xxxiv, 1764).

Cervicapra [cervicapra], Sparrman, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
vol. i, p. 275, 1780.

Cemas strepsiceros, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii. pt. 2,
p. 782, 1816.

Cerophorus (Antilope) cervicapra, Blainville, Bull. Suc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Antilope bilineata, Gray and Hardwicke (ex Linn.) Illustr. Indian
Zool. pl. xii, 1832.

Strepsiceros cervicapra, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg.

; vol. iii, pt. i, p. 39, 1842.

Cervicapra bezoartica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159, 1843,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 281, 1846, Cat.
Mamm. Hodgson Coll. p. 26, 1846, ed. 2, p. 18, 1863, List Osteol.
Brit. Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850; Hors-
field, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 167, 1851; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 234, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k.
Ak. Wiss. Ween, vol. lix, pt. i, p. 162, 1869.

Antilope bezoartica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 117, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 66, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 40, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p: 109, 1873;
Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 275, 1867; Blanford, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196, 1867; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, pp. 184 and 298, 1870; Stoliczka, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 229, 1872; Pollok, Sport in Brit.
Burma, p. 50, 1879; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 472, 1884;
sbi Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 845,

ANTILOPIN 25

Heran, or BLACKBUCK.

Typical locality plains of peninsular India, to which area
the species is restricted.

Fic. 5.—SxuULL anp Horns or Buacksuck (Antilope cervicapra).

Shoulder-height about 30 inches. General colour of
adult male brownish fawn, gradually darkening—at least in
certain individuals and for some portion of the year—to deep

26 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

shining black; muzzle, chin, a patch round eyes, ears, chest,
under-parts, inner sides of legs, and under side of tail, white ;
back of neck, especially in the black phase, yellowish; an
indistinct narrow band, most conspicuous in young, on upper
parts of flanks whitish; outer side of limbs and upper
surface of tail brown, the tail having an indistinct blackish
tip. In the female the black areas of the male are brownish
fawn, the backs of the ears and the nape of the neck being
also fawn. Basal length of skull about 8} inches. Fine
horns measure from 24 to 304 inches in length, in a straight
line, with a basal girth of from 44 to 54 inches, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 15 to 26 inches.

The black livery of adult bucks—which does not seem
to be assumed in all cases—appears to be a seasonal phase,
at least in some parts of India; being replaced after the
rutting season, in spring, by a brown dress, which is retained
till the close of the rainy season, when the sable livery is
once more assumed.* This is confirmed by observations
made by Pocock ¢ on specimens in captivity.

620, a. b. c. 7. Four frontlets and horns. India.

No history.

38. 3. 13. 41. Skin, mounted. Madras.

Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1838.

42.9, 20.1. Skin, mounted. India. Purchased, 1842.
45.1.8.139. Skull, with horns. Northern India.

Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1845.
45.1. 8.138. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.
Same history.
47. 7.19.5. Frontlet and horns. India.
Purchased (Argent), 1847.
48. 7.13.11. Frontlet and horns. India.
Purchased (Warwick), 1848.
48. 7. 30.45. Horns, immature. Southern India.
Presented by F. H. Hora, Esq., 1848.
51.7. 3.10. Skin, mounted, female. India.
Purchased (Cross), 1851.
56. 5. 6. 66. Skull, immature, female. India; collected
by W. Theobald, Esq. Presented by Dr. T. Oldham, 1856,

* See Lydekker, Game Animals of India, p. 178.
t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1918, p. 825, footnote.

ANTILOPINAE 27

58. 5. 4. 600. Skull, young, female.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1858.
60. 4. 22. 3. Skull, female. Zoological Society’s Museum.
Purchased (Stevens), 1860.
62.10.11. 4. Skeleton.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1862.
79. 11. 21.187. Skull, with horns. India.
Transferred from India Museum, 1879.
87. 2.9. 2. Head, mounted, female. India; collected by
A. Grote, Esq. Presented by Mrs. Stirling, 1887.
88. 3. 20.18. Skull, with horns. Near Meerut.
Presented by R. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.
89. 4.1.3. Skull, with horns. India.
Presented by Dr. H. Cameron, 1889.
89, 11. 20. 15-17. Three frontlets and horns. Indore.
Presented by Col. J. Evans, 1889.
91. 8.12. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns. India.
Purchased (Stevens), 1891.
91. 8.7.52. Frontlet and horns. Jaipur, Rajputana.
Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1891.

91. 8.7. 53. Head and horns. Sirsa, Punjab.

Same history,
91. 8.7.54. Pair of horns. Gurgaon, near Delhi.

Same history.
91. 8.7.55. Head and horns. Delhi district.

Same history.
91. 8.7.56. Skull, with horns. Sirsa. Same history.
91. 8.7.57. Skull, withhorns. Gurgaon. Same history.
91. 8.7.58. Skull, with horns. Muttra district.

Same history.

91. 8. 7. 59. Skull, with horns. Rajputana; collected

by Mr. R M. Adam. Same history.

91. 8. 7.60. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 61. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

91. 8.7. 62. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 18. Skull, with horns (fig. 5). Gurgaon.

In this specimen, which stands No. 3 in Ward’s list, and is

figured on p. 13, of vol. ii of The Book of Antelopes, the

horns measure 284 inches in a straight line, with a girth of
5 inches, and a tip-to-tip interval of 172 inches.

Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., CB, 1912.

28 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

12. 10. 31. 17. Skull, with horns. Sirsa; shot by
Mr. Hume. Stands No. 13 in Ward’s list. The horns
measure 263 inches in length, by 5 in girth, with a tip-to-tip

interval of 17% inches. Same history.
12, 10. 31.19. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon; collected
by Mr. Chill. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 26. Skull, with horns, female. Gurgaon.
The horns, as shown in the figure on p. 14 of vol. iii of
The Book of Antelopes, bend outwards and downwards in a
homonymous curve, the first turn being continued to form a
regular curve, instead of being twisted upwards and inwards
to form a heteronymous spiral as in normal male horns.*

Same history.

92.7. 14.1. Skin, mounted. Gwalior.

Presented by C. Maries, Esq., 1892.

96. 6.18.1. Skin, mounted, female. India.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1896.

96. 11. 23. 2. Skin, mounted, female. India.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1896.

98. 6. 3. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Kathiawar.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. L. L, Fenton, 1898.

98. 6. 3. 1. Skull and head-skin, albino female. Kathia-

war. Same history.

Il. Genus GAZELLA.

Gazella, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi, pp. 152 and 171,
1814; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 5387; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 65, 1898; Pouwsargues, Mém. Soc.
Zool, France, vol. xi, p. 176, 1898; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 887.

Gacella, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

Horns generally present in both sexes, and in the male
strongly ridged all round, usually of moderate length, and,
with the exception of the smooth tips, curving backwards, so
as to be convex anteriorly in the basal portion, and concave
in the middle portion, while the tips are generally bent
forwards or inwards, the whole form being in some cases

* See the figure (18) facing p. 17 in Theod Cook’s Spi }
Nature and Art, 1903. oe aren eee ee

ANTILOPINE 29

more or less sublyrate or lyrate; face-glands usually present,
smaller than in typical genus, but with same valvular
structure; tail moderately or very short; inguinal glands
generally present; teats normally 2; feet differing from
those of Antilope by the hairy and thinner interungual web,
and the practically bare interdigital cleft; face-markings,
when fully developed, in the form of alternate light and
dark streaks. Skull usually with shallow lachrymal de-
pressions, and always three pairs of lower premolars (in
G. picticaudata the development of the first pair, according
to Pousargues, is retarded).

The range of the genus includes western and central
Asia as far east as Mongolia and Kan-su, peninsular India,
and northern and eastern Africa.

The genus may be divided into the following three

groups :-—

A. Tail typically very short; females hornless; face with-
out alternating dark and light stripes; knee-tufts
absent or rudimentary ; rump-patch well developed.... Procapra.

B. Tail longer; females usually horned; face with or less
developed dark and light alternating stripes; knee-
tufts large.

a. Size small or medium; white of rump not
intruding into fawn of body.............. cece eee Gazella,

b. Size large; white of rump intruding more or less
extensively into fawn of body................ceeeeeees Nanger.

The “keys” to the species are given under the headings
of their respective subgenera.

1. Suscenus PROCAPRA.

Procapra, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 834, 1846;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.

Tail very or comparatively short; rump-patch well
developed ; face-glands obsolete or small, as are also the
lachrymal depressions for their reception, as well as the
glandular tufts on the knees.

The group is restricted to Central Asia ; and its members
may be briefly characterised as follows :—

30 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

A. Face-glands and knee-tufts wanting; tail very
short ; rump-patch large; size small, the basal
skull-length not exceeding 7 inches; horns
strongly curved backwards.
a. Horns not hooked at tips.........cceeeeeeee eens G. picticaudata.
b. Horns strongly hooked inwards at tips...... G. przewalskw.
B. Small face-glands and knee-tufts present; tail
longer; rump-patch smaller; size larger, the
basal skull-length being about 9 inches; horns
but slightly curved backwards and not markedly
hooked! ab: tipsicstes saints ueheansvasouemsersiish oat spugaew'es G. gutturosa.

I. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) PICTICAUDATA.

Procapra picticaudata, Hodgson, Journ. Astat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,
p. 834, pl. ii, 1846, vol. xvi, p. 696, 1847; Blyth, ibid. vol. xvi,
p. 725, 1847, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 173, 1863 ;
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, 1867, p. 245, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 55, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 105, 1873; Horsfield Cat.
Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 169, 1851; Hooker, Himalayan
Journals, vol. ii, p. 157, 1854; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858,
p. 523; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 232, 1862;
Litazinger, Sttzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien. vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 161, 1869;
Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 10, 1869; Blanford, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 39, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1876, p. 6384; Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), p. 326, pl. ii,
1875, Reisen in Trbet, p. 110, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 186, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden
Mus. (op. crt. vol. xi) p. 167, 1892; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 893.

Antilope picticaudata, Wagner, Schreber’s Saugthiere, Suppl. vol. v,
p. 408, 1855; Przewalski, Mongolia (Morgan’s Transl.), vol. ii,
p- 208, 1876.

Gazella picticaudata, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 547; Stern-
dale, Mamm. India, p. 467, 1884; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm.
Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 161, 1891; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India,
Mamm. p. 529, 1891, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 449; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 842, 1891; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 120, 1892, ed. 6, p. 241, 1910; Lydekker, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 188, 1893, Great and Small Game of India, etc.
p. 178, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 189, 1907, Cat.
Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 80,1913; Percy, Big Game Shooting
(Badminton Lrbr.), vol. ii, p. 842, 1894; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 71, pl. lii, 1898 ; Pousargues, Mém.
Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 176, 1898; Bentham, Cat. Asiat.
Horns Ind. Mus. p. 56, 1908; Bailey, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. vol. xix, p. 521, 1909; Wallace, Big Game of Central and
Western China, p. 248, 1913.

Gazella picticauda, Trowessart, Cat. Mam. vol. ii, p. 941, 1898-99.

Gacella picticaudata, Hiliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub, vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

Gazella (Procapra) picticaudata, Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7,
p- 288, 1914.

ANTILOPIN & 31

Goa, Racoa, or Ata.

Typical locality Hundes district of Tibet.

Size relatively small, the shoulder-height being about
24 or 25 inches. Horns relatively long and slender, much
compressed, and heavily ridged, arising vertically from skull,
and then curving evenly and regularly backwards with but
little divergence, the tips bending upwards and slightly
inwards; no face-glands, inguinal glands, or knee-tufts ;
coat in winter close and thick, in summer short; general
colour in winter pale fawn, darkening posteriorly, and
becoming almost rufous near the large white rump-patch,
which surrounds the root of the very short tail; in summer
the general colour slaty grey; ears short, narrow, pointed,
and well haired; under-parts white; limbs white or very
pale fawn. Skull relatively broad, without distinct lachrymal
depressions, and with relatively broad nasals, tapering
evenly forwards; basal length about 63 inghes. Good horns
measure from 12 to 14} inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 34 to 4?, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 2 to.
32 inches. The range extends from the high ranges of
Spiti and the Changchenmo district of Ladak through the
Tibetan plateau to Kan-su, Shen-si, and the Tatung-gol
Valley, a tributary of the Hoang-ho, to the north of
Koko Nor.

Pousargues regards this species as showing affinity with
Pantholops, although in the absence of inguinal glands it is
markedly different from that genus. The late appearance of
the anterior lower premolar may foreshadow the loss of that
tooth in Pantholops.

48. 6.11.19. Skull, with horns. Hundes district of
Tibet. Type. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1848.

48. 6.11. 20. Skull, with horns, immature. Same
locality. Figured in Hodgson’s original description.

Same hastory.

48. 6.11. 21. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

52.12.15.6. Skin. Tibet. Purchased (Stevens), 1852.

52.12.15.18. Skull, with horns. Tibet. Same history.

53. 8.16.18. Skull, with horns, and skin. Tibet.

Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1853.

32 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

53. 8.16.18, 6. Skin, mounted. Tibet. Same history.
56.10. 1.2. Skull, female. Inner Himalaya.
Purchased (Baker), 1856.
79. 11. 21. 35. Pair of horns. Probably Ladak.
Transferred from India Museum, 1879.
79. 11. 21. 332. Skull and skin, female. Probably
Ladak. Same history.
88, 3. 20.19. Skull, with horns. Changchenmo, Ladak.
Presented by R. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.
91.11. 6.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Hills north
of Sikhim; collected by L. Mandelli, Esq.
Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, 1891.
91.11.6.2. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality and collector. Same history.
91. 8.7. 81. Skull, with horns. Hills north of Kumaon.
Length of horns 133, girth 38, tip-to-tip 54 inches.
Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8.7. 82. Skull, with horns. Hills north of Sikhim ;
collected by L. Mandelli, Esq. Same history.
91. 8.7. 83. Skull, with horns. Dhama Valley, north
side of Beansi Pass; collected by Mr. N. Troup.
Same history.
12.10. 31.27. Skull, with horns. Hills north of
Kumaon. No. 18 in Ward’s list. Length of horns 12%,
girth 3%, tip-to-tip 4% inches. The record length is 14}

inches. Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esqg., C.B., 1912.
12. 10. 31. 28. Skull, with horns. Dhama Valley;
collected by Mr. N. Troup. Same history.

97. 5.15.1. Head, mounted. North-eastern Ladak.
Purchased (Ward), 1897.
98.10. 18. 2. Skin, mounted. N. E. Ladak.
Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1898.

II. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) PRZEWALSKII.

Antilope gutturosa, Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), vol. i, p. 18,
pl. i, fig. 1, 1875, Morgan’s English Transl. of same, pp. 20
and 28, 1876, Reisen in Tibet, pp. 178, 248 and 252, 1884, nec
Pallas,

ee eee Przewalski, Cat. Coll. (Russian) p. 110, 1888, nec

guoy.

ANTILOPIN EZ 33

Gazella przewalskii, Biichner, Mélanges Biol, vol. xiii, p. 164, 1890;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 79, pl. liii,
1898 ; Powsargues, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 182, 1908 ;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Europe, ete. p. 198, 1901; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 243, 1910; Wallace, Big Game of
Central and Western China, p. 248, 1918.

Procapra (?) przewalskii, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.
Typical locality Mongolia.
Nearly allied to the preceding species—with which it

agrees in the absence of facial and inguinal glands and
knee-tufts—but of rather larger size. Horns shorter, curving

cn

J yo
. Lom
a.
4 oon 2h
aa
| ~

Fic. 6.—HzaD oF PRZEWALSKI’S GAZELLE (Gazella przewalskit),
IN WINTER Coat.

From a photograph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.

evenly backwards, with the tips abruptly hooked inwards

and slightly upwards (fig. 6); general colour in the thick

winter coat pale finely grizzled fawn, in summer deep fawn ;

sides of neck and tip of nose brownish in summer; a narrow
I. D

34 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

line of fawn running from the back to the upper surface of
the tail divides the white rump-patch ; limbs more or less
brown in front. Skull generally similar to that of the
preceding species, but rather larger, the basal length being
about 7 inches. In No. 97. 2. 26. 14 the horns measure
104 inches in length, with a basal girth of 43, and a tip-to-tip
interval of 23 inches.
The range apparently extends from Eastern Turkestan to
the Gobi and Kan-su.
94. 2.8.5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Eastern
Turkestan. Reference to this species provisional.
Presented by St. George Littledale, Hsq., 1894.
97. 2.26.14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Koko Moun-
tains, Kan-su, W. China.
Presented by the St. Petersburg Musewm, 1897.
97. 2.26.15. Skin, female. Kan-su. Same history.

IlI. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) GUTTUROSA.

Caprea campestris gutturosa, Gmelin, Nov. Comm. Petrop. vol. v,
p. 847, pl. v, 1760.

Antilope gutturosa, Pallas, Spicil. Zool, fasc. xii, p. 46, pl. ii, 1777,
Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 251, 1811; Zemmermann, Geogr.
Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 120, 1780; Hermann, Tabl. Affin. Anim.
p. 108, 1783; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 143, 1785; Schreber,
Sdugthiere, pl. cclxxv, 1787; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 186, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 310, 1792; Donn-
dorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 627, 1792; Latham and Davies,
Faunula Indica, p. 4,1795; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii,
p. 99, 1795; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645,
1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 342, 1801; Turton,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 118, 1802; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat.
vol. ii, p. 228, 1804, Régne Animal, vol. i, p. 260, 1817; Desmarest,
Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxii, p. 499, vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 182, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 452,
1822; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi, p. 171, 1814;
G. Fischer, Zovgnosia, vol. iii, p. 431, 1814; Afzeliws, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsat. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sadugthiere,
vol. v, p. 1221, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 387,
1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 409, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 11,
pl. x, 1848; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 441,
1822; H. Snuth, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 229,
vol. v, p. 8386, 1827; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 871, 1827, Nowv.
Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 176, 1842; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 458, 1828 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates,
vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii,
p. 1267, 1838; Gervais, Dict. Scr. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 260,
1840; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 615, 1841;

ANTILOPIN& 35

Wagner, Schreber's Siéugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 416, 1844,
vol. v, p. 408, 1855; Reichenbach, Sadugethiere, vol. iii, p. 104,
pl. xxxi, fig. 180, 1845; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1845, p. 270, 1847; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 312, 1853-55; Radde,
Reisen Ost-Siberien, p. 254, pl. xi, fig. 1, 1862; Brehm, Thier-
leben, Sdéugethiere, vol. iii, p. 201, 1880.

Antilope tzeiran, Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 548, 1817.

Antilope orientalis, Hraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 288, 1777;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict.
Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33, 1804.

Cerophorus (Antilope) gatturosa, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75. :

Cemas gutturosa, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 736, 1816.

Gazella gutturosa, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1847, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 3, 1850; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 546;
Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), p. 73, 1875, partim; Flower
and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891; Ward, Records
of Big Game, p. 119, 1892, ed. 6, p. 243, 1910; Lydekker, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 182, 1893, Great and Small Game of Europe, etc.
p. 196, 1901; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. ii, p. 841, 1894; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 83, pl. liv, 1898; Powsargwes, Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. xi, p. 179, 1898; Kohler, Zool. Garten, vol. xl, p. 336, 1899 ;
Wallace, Big Game of Central and Western China, p. 258, 1913.

Procapra gutturosa, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 115, 1867, p. 244,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 54, 1854, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 87, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 105, 1878 ;
Gerrard, Cat. Bones Brit. Mus. p. 232, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber.
k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 161, 1869; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 266, 1884 ;
Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 186, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. crt. vol. xi) p. 167,
1892; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 19, p. 1,
1913.

Procapra (?) gutturosa, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.

Gazella (Procapra) gutturosa Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7
p. 241, 1914.

ZEREN, or SEREN.

Typical locality Mongolia.

Size considerably iarger than in last species, the shoulder-
height being fully 30 inches, and the build stouter. Small
face-glands, knee-tufts, and well-developed inguinal glands
present ; * rump-patch smaller, and not completely surround-
ing tail, which is longer (about 2? inches) than in the two
preceding species; horns relatively short, lightly but closely

* Vide Pousargues, op. cit.; the face-glands and knee-tufts are
shown in some of the under-mentioned skins.

D2

36 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

ridged, rising nearly parallel, then diverging, without marked
backward sweep, and a slight inward inclination at tips;
general colour of thick and close winter coat pale ochery
buff or grizzled fawn; front of face slaty brown; small

Fic. 7.—HEAD OF ZEREN oR Moncorian GazELLE (Gazella gutturosa),
In WINTER Coat.
From a photograph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.

rump-patech, under-parts (exclusive of flanks), and tail, with
the exception of a brownish patch on middle of upper
surface, dirty white, as ave also inner sides of legs and
cheeks; ears moderate, pointed, and thickly haired; in
summer the coat much shorter, and, according to Radde,
yellower, although not much difference in this respect is
shown by the specimens in the collection. Skull long and
narrow, with rather elongated, pointed nasals and shallow

ANTILOPIN A 37

lachrymal depressions; basal length about 94 inches. Fine
horns measure from 13 to 153 inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 3} to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from
41 to 74 inches.

In the rutting seasons the males develop a goitre-like
swelling in the throat. The range formerly extended from
the Little Altai, in north-western Mongolia, through the
southern part of Transbaikalia and northern and eastern
Mongolia to Amurland and Kan-su; it now stops consider-
ably short of the Amur peninsula. This species is so largely
intermediate in characters between G. picticaudata and
G. preewalskit on the one hand and G. subguttwrosa on the
other as to render it inadvisable to give Procapra more than
subgeneric rank.

So far as the specimens in the collection are concerned,
the coloured figures in the Book of Antelopes are misleading,
the hind-quarters, flanks, and limbs being represented as
white, and the fawn area merely as a kind of saddle. Brooke’s
description is approximately true to nature.

If the Altai form be distinct, the following two races
may be recognised :—

A. Fawn area smaller; horns less spreading; skull

MATT OW CL: sia cteciaes de ciguings amet dec aamaaumeseesonh eames G. g. gutturosa.
B. Fawn area larger; horns more spreading; skull
broader en aus, sisseumsonsquss geeenedeanabena sates avs alasuateins G,. g. altaica.

A.—Gazella gutturosa gutturosa.

General characters those of the species.

Typical locality eastern Mongolia.

67. 1. 8. 3-4. Two frontlets, with horns. Mongolia.
The skull and horns, purporting to be one of these specimens,
figured by Gray in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 215, pertains,
as pointed out by Pousargues (op. cit.), to a gazelle with
large lachrymal depressions, and therefore with equally
large face-glands. Gray’s figure is reproduced in the Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 87. Presented by Dr, Lockhart, 1867.

70. 2.10. 37. Skull, with horns, and skin in winter coat.
North of Pekin; collected by R. Swinhoe, Esq. Length of
horns 93, girth 4, tip-to-tip interval 43 inches.

Purchased, 1870.

38 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

70. 2. 10, 95. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

70. 2.10. 96. A similar specimen. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

70. 7.18.13. Skull and skin in winter coat. Northern
China; same collector. Same history.

Fie, 8.—ALTAI ZEREN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra] gutturosa aitaica)
in SUMMER Coat.

1. 3. 2. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. North of Pekin;

collected by F. W. Styan, Esq. Purchased, 1901.
1.38. 2.3. Skull and skin, female, in winter coat. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

11. 2. 1. 266. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Thirty miles N.W. of Jan-chou, Kan-su; collected by

M P. Anderson, Esq.
Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1911.

ANTILOPINA 39

B.—Gazella gutturosa altaica.

Procapra altaica, Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. Ix, no. 19,
a 1913, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xlv, p. 581, pls. xli and xlii,

Typical locality Suok Plains, near south end of Bain-
Chagan Pass, Little Altai, N. W. Mongolia.

Fic. 9.—Front anp SIpE Virws oF SKULL and Horns oF ALTAI
ZEREN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra] gutturosa altaica).

From Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. 1913.

Type in U.S. National Museum.
Stated to differ from typical guttwrosa, in summer coat,
by the greater extent of the fawn area (apparently on the

40 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

flanks), the broader skull, larger molar teeth, and more
widely spreading horns (fig. 9).

10. 1.25.1. Skin, in summer coat, mounted (fig. 8),
Altai. The colour-pattern agrees very closely with that of
the type, and the ‘‘spike-like” tail shows the same brown
dorsal spot. Presented by R. Hayne, Esq., 1910.

46, 3. 28. 6 (45. 4. 29.7). Skull, with horns, and skin.
“Kirghiz Steppes” (Altai); collected by Dr. Brandt.

Purchased, 1845-46.

43. 12. 19. 1. Skin, female, mounted, and skull,
provisionally referred to this race. Probably from the same
locality as the last ; collected by Dr. Brandt.

Purchased, 1843,

2. Supcenus GAZELLA.

Dorcas, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 307, 1821.

Leptoceros, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 422,
1844, nec Leach, 1817.

Tragops, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 11,
1847.

Tragopsis, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 157,
1869.

Eudoreas, Fitzinger, op. cit. p. 159, 1869.
Korin, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872.

Includes small or medium-sized gazelles, in which the
tail is longer than in the preceding group, the white of the
hind-quarters is restricted to the posterior aspect of the
hips, so that it does not form a true rump-patch, or intrude
on to the fawn area of the body, and the face is marked by
alternating dark and light stripes; face-glands and glandular
knee-tufts,* as well as inguinal glands, are present; and in
the great majority of species the females are horned. Skull
with well-marked lachrymal depressions.

The distribution is practically co-extensive with that of
the genus.

The following is a tentative “key” to the species :—

A. Females hornless ; males with a“ goitre’’; white

area on buttocks relatively large.

a. Face-markings partially obsolete ................. G. subgutturosa.

* The alleged absence of knee-tufts in G. rufifrons is denied by
Pocock.

ANTILOPIN

6. Face-markings distinct; size larger.

a, White area on buttocks larger; forehead
and muzzle rufous .........cceccccececeeeeseeeses
bd’, White area on buttocks smaller; forehead
greyish, muzzle white.............ccccccce sees

B. Females horned; no goitre in males; white area

on buttocks usually smaller.
a. No puffy elevation on nose.

a, Forehead white ............cccccceeseeeee

b'. Forehead coloured.

a*. General colour very pale, flank and pygal
bands practically obsolete; horns long

and slender ..........c.cccccecesseeee

6. General colour darker; horns
and stouter.

a’, Flank-band generally more

shorter

or less

indistinct, never wholly black.
a*, A more or less distinct nose-spot.

a’, Flank-band, pygal band, and nose-
spot faint and ill-defined; coat

smooth.

a®, Size larger; forehead light

rufous, lips and tip of

muzzle

whitish ; horn-tips slightly in-

turned .........cccee eee eee

b°. Size smaller; forehead and
muzzle dark rufous; horn-tips
not perceptibly inturned ........

0°, Flank-band, pygal band, and nose-

spot much darker.

a. Coat rough; horns
straight.

nearly

a’, Size larger (26-7 in. at shoul-

Cer) sscacscvanreartereens

b. Coat smooth.

a’, Size larger (24-5 in. at shoul-

der); horn-tips not i

nturned

6’. Size smaller (21-2 in. at shoul-
der); horn-tips strongly in-

TUIPNEM wereicccersasvans

b'. Nose-spot variable, often absent.

a. Nose-spot usually present ;
general colour rufous fawn;

flank-band dusky
horns short, with tips

rufous ;

hooked

inwards ; size smaller............

b. Nose- spot usually

absent ;

general colour sandy fawn;

flank-band indistinct ;

horns

G.

G.

G.

41

. yarkandensts.

. setstanica.

. marica.

. leptoceros.

. fuscifrons.

bennett.

cuviert.

. gazella,

arabica.

. muscatensis.

littoralis.

42

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

longer, with tips hooked up-

wards and forwards..........-.++ G. dorcas.
c. Nose-spot wanting ..........-....40 G. pelzelni.
ob’, Flank-band black.
a. Horns abruptly inturned at tips...... G. tilonura.

b. Horns not abruptly inturned at tips.
a’. No nose-spot ; forehead and muz-
zle rufous; light face - stripes
buff; flank-band narrow.
a’, Size smaller................:eeceeeeee G. rufifrons.
OF. Size larger vs cs csc vcdecrensanswisinasiccixs G. rufina.
ob. A black nose-spot; light face-
stripes white ; flank-band broad.
a*, Median face-stripe dark through-
OU biaes 24 a3 vested an reve sheumevenents G. albonotata.
bd’. Median face-stripe interrupted
by a whitish patch on forehead G. thomsont.

b. Nose with a soft puffy elevation ............00 G. speket.

IV. GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA.

Antilope subgutturosa, Giildenstadt, Acta Ac. Sci. Petrop. 1778,

pt. 1, p. 251, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. celxx B, 1785;
Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 186, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s
Anim. Kingdom, p. 311, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage,
vol. i, p. 628, 1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99,
1795; Bechstein, Ubersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645,
1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 343, 1801; Turton,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. p. 118, 1802; Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii.
p. 227, 1804; Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 252, 1811;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Desmarest,
Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 165, 1816, Mammatogie,
vol. ii, p. 542, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1196, 1818; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 210, vol. v, p. 831, 1827; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 372, 1827,
Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 18386, Nowv. Table Réegne Anim.,
Mamm. p. 176, 1842; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 460,
1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates,
vol. iii, p. 638, 1868; Hohenacker, Bull. Soc. Moscow, vol. viii,
p. 187, 1837; Ménétriés, Cat. raison. Zool. Caucas, p. 24, 1837;
Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, p. 1268, 1888; Gervais,
Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Démidoff, Voyage
iuss. Mérid. vol. iii, p. 61, 1840; Hichwald, Fauna Caspio-
Caucas, p. 39, 1841; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 406, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855; Reichenbach, Stiuge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 114, pl. xxxiv, 1845; Sundevall, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak, Handl. 1845, p. 269, 1847; Gdebel, Sciugethiere, p. 307,
1853-55 ; de Filippi, Viaggio in Persia, p. 344, 1865; Fitzinger,
Sutaber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 160, 1869; Radde
Sdugeth. Talysch, p. 10, 1886.

ANTILOPINE 43

Antilope (Gazella) subgutturosa, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 171, 1814.

Cerophorus (Gazella) subgutturosa, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, p. 75.

Gazella subgutturosa, Gruy, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 160, 1848,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 4, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 118, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 38, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1873;
Hutton, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 151, 1846;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 198, 1853; Blyth, Cat.
Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 172, 1863; Wolf, Zool.
Sketches, pl. xxii, 1861-67; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 602,
1886, p.2; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, 1870, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1878, p. 318, Hastern Persia, vol. ii, p. 91, 1876, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 528, 1891; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18738,
p. 545; Przewalskt, Mongolia (Russian ed.), p. 141, pl. i, fig. 2,
1875, Morgan’s Transl. of same, vol. i, p. 207, 1876; Severtzow,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii, p. 170, 1876; Danford
and Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc: 1877, p. 276, 1880, p. 55; Sterndale,
Mamm. India, p. 466, 1884; Scully, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. lvi, pt. 2, p. 56, 1887; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 187, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(ibid. vol. xi) p. 168, 1892; Thomas, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
vol. v, p. 64, 1889; Biichner, Mélanges Biol. vol. xiii, p. 160,
1890; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 160, 1891 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 118, 1892, ed. 6, p. 246, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 242, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 180, 1893,
Great and Small Game of India, etc. p. 176, 1900, Game Animals
of India, etc. p. 192, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest, Brit. Mus. p. 31,
1913 ; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 342,
1892; Satunin, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. vol. ix, p. 310, 1896, Mutt.
Kaukas. Mus. vol. ii, pp. 212 and 359, 1906, vol. iv, pp. 66 and
116, 1908, vol. vii, p. 84, 1912, Ocho:n. vést. vol. viii, p. 10, 1908 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 89, pl. lv,
1898; Pousargues, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 185, 1898 ;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 54, 1908; Cuming,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xvi, p. 503, 1905; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887.

Antilope doreas var. persica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 160,
1843.

Gazella hillieriana and G. mongolica, Heude, Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp.
Chinois, vol. ii, p. 245, pls. xxxvi and xxxvii, 1894.

Auu; GOITRED, or PERSIAN, GAZELLE.

Type of the genus.

Typical locality Persia; probably the Bussora district.

Size medium, the shoulder-height ranging from about
25 to 27 inches. Females without borns,* and males with a
goitre-like swelling in the throat f during the rutting season ;

* Rudiments may be developed.
¢ Due to an inflation of the larynx.

44 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

horns of medium length, thick, evenly diverging and curving
backwards, with the tips distinctly, but not abruptly, turned
inwards and slightly upwards; general colour in summer—
when the coat is short—dark sandy fawn, or sandy rufous ;
in winter—when the coat is longer and rougher—much
paler; face-markings indistinct, the median dark stripe
fading into white with age, and the lateral stripes incomplete ;
ears medium, short-haired even in winter; an indistinct dark
flank-band, and a rather more pronounced pygal band;
white area of buttocks rather large; tail crested and
blackish brown. Skull stout, with short and broad nasals ;
basal length about 62 inches in Persian specimens.

The range extends from Asia Minor and the Caucasus
through Syria, Persia, and Afghanistan to the Altai, probably
also including Baluchistan.

A.—Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa.

Gazella subgutturosa typica, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
India, ete. p. 180, 1900; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 246, 1910.

Typical locality Persia, where this race occurs at
elevations of from 3000 to 7000 feet.

Size relatively small—shoulder-height about 25 or 26
inches; horns proportionately long, good specimens measur-
ing from 13 to 153 inches in length, with a basal girth of
from 4 to 5 and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 3 to
94 inches.

The range is taken to include Afghanistan.

50. 10. 21.12. Skin, immature. Euphrates Valley.

, Presented by the Euphrates Expedition, 1850.

74. 11. 21. 23. Skull, with horns. Ispahan, Persia.

Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, 1874.

86. 10. 15. 31. Head-skin, female. Gulran, Afghanistan ;
collected during the expedition of the Afghan Boundary
Commission, 1884-85, by Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison.

Presented by the Government of India, 1886.

86. 10. 15. 32-33. Two pairs of horns. Galicha,
Afghanistan ; same collector. Same history.

0. 6. 8.1. Skin, mounted, in winter coat. Near Tehran,

ANTILOPIN & 45

Persia. Figured in Great and Small Game of India. This
is a small specimen, standing about 24 inches.

Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1900.

130, a. Skin, mounted, female. Western Siberia; col-

lected by Dr. Brandt. Purchased.

78. 12. 21. 26. Pair of horns. Saissan, W. Siberia;

collected by Dr. O. Finsch. Length of horns 133, basal

girth 44, tip-to-tip interval 6 inches.

Presented by the Geographical Society of Bremen, 1878.

11. 8. 3.2. Frontlet and horns apparently referable to

this specie. Syria. Presented by Mrs. Guy Bethell, 1911.

*,* Some or all of the undermentioned specimens may
belong to G. seistanica,

71. 8.7. 84. Skull, with horns. Kelat, Baluchistan ;
collected by Dr. Duke.
Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8.7. 85. Skull, with horns. Pishin Valley, Kelat;
collected by Col. Sir O. B. St. John, K.C.B. — Same history.
12. 10. 31. 100. Skull and horns. Pishin Valley ;
collected by Col. Sir O. B. St. John. In this specimen,
which stauds No. 6 in Ward’s 1910 list, the horns measure
134 inches in length by 4% in girth, with a tip-to-tip
interval of 4 inches.
Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.
12. 10. 31. 29. Skull and horns. Locality unknown.
Same history.

B.—Gazella subgutturosa sairensis.

Gazella subgutturosa sairensis, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
India, etc. p. 184, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 196,
1907; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 246,1910; Hollister,
Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 19, p. 2, 1913.

Typical locality Saiar, or Jair, Mountains, Zungaria.

Larger than typical race, standing about 27 inches at the
shoulder, but with smaller horns, of which the length is
usually not more than from 10 to 11 inches, although one
specimen measuring 13} inches is known.

46 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

90. 4. 20. 9. Skin, mounted, in summer coat. Saiar
Mountains. Type.
Presented by St. George Littledale, Esq., 1890,
90. 4.20.10. Skin. Same locality. Same history.
90. 4. 20.11. Skin and skeleton, female. Same locality.
Same history.
90. 4. 20.12. Skin, immature. Same locality.
Same history.
12.4. 1.180. Skin. Southern Zungaria; collected by

Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1912.
12. 4.1. 183. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality. Same history.

V. GAZELLA YARKANDENSIS.

Gazella gutturosa, Forsyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 324, nec
Pallas.

Gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis, Blanford, Journ. Astat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 112, 1879, Zool. 2nd Yarkand Mission,
Mamm. p. 88, pl. xv, 1879, Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 94, 1898; Pousargues, Mém. Soc. Zool.
France, vol. xi, p. 187, 1898 ; Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of India, etc. p. 180, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 196,
1907.

Gazella yarcandensis, Lydekker, Nature, vol. lxxxiii, p. 202, 1910,
Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 81, 1913; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 247, 1910, ed. 7, p. 248, 1914.

SarKik, or Kix; YARKAND GAZELLE.

Typical locality plains of Yarkand, Chinese Turkestan.

The specimen figured by Blanford, which cannot be
definitely identified, must be regarded as the type. Resembles
subguttwrosa in the absence of horns in the females and the
“goitre” in the throat of the males, but differs by its
superior size — shoulder-height about 29 inches — well-
developed face-markings, larger ears, and more sublyrate
horns, which have comparatively few (about 14) ridges; the
white area on the buttocks is, moreover, somewhat larger,
extending upwards on each side of the root of the tail.
General colour light rufous brown, or dark fawn; median
dark face-stripe running right up forehead and splitting to
terminate at base of each horn; between the light stripes,
with the exception of a narrow streak, the greater part of

ANTILOPIN 4 47

face, including muzzle, fawn-coloured, like back. Good
horns measure from 13 to 17 inches in length, with a girth
of from 44 to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 3 to
73 inches.
The range apparently includes the Kulja district of the
Tien Shan.
91. 8. 7. 86. Skull, with horns. Plains of Yarkand;
collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish.
Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 87. Skull, with horns. Same locality and

collector. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 88. Skull, with horns, immmature. Same
locality and collector. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 90-92. Three skulls, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 30. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and
collector. This specimen stands No. 2 in Ward’s 1910 list.
Length of horns 16, girth 15, tip-to-tip 34 inches. The
record length is 17 inches.

Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

12.10. 31. 31. Skull, with horns, Same locality and

collector. Same history.
12.10. 31. 32. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

92. 6.2.1. Skin. Aksu, Chinese Turkestan.
Presented by Major C. S. Cumberland, 1892.
12. 4.1.181. Skull, with horns. Hami, N. E. Chinese
Turkestan ; collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq.
Purchased, 1912.

VI. GAZELLA SEISTANTCA.

Gazella seistanica, Lydekker, Nature, vol. lxxxiii, p. 202, 1910;
Kennion, By Mountain, Lake, and Plain, pp. 125 and 274, 1911;
Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 244, 1914.

Typical locality Sistan (Seistan), Eastern Persia.

Closely related to the last, but distinguished by the
smaller extent of white on the buttocks (fig. 10), the
greyish forehead (especially in old individuals), the presence
of a whitish band at base of horns, and the indistinct nose-

48 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

spot, below which the whole muzzle is white, as well as by
the, apparently, somewhat larger ears. The horns, as in
yarkandensis, bend backwards, with their tips more or less
distinctly inturned. Probably a highland species.
10. 1, 22. 2, Skin, mounted, subadult male. Sistan.
Type. Presented by Lieut.-Col. R. L. Kennion, 1910.
6.1. 2.138. Skull, with horns, and skin. Sistan.
Presented by the Government of India, 1906.

Fie. 10.—Sistan GAZELLE (Gazella seistanica).
From a photograph by Lieut.-Cul. Kennion.

6.1. 2.14. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.
Same history.
10. 12. 13.1. Skull, with horns. Sistan.
Presented by Capt. C. T. Daukes, 1910.
10.12.15. 2. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.
Same history.
99. 6. 22.1. Head, mounted, very old male. Helmund
Valley, Baluchistan. Presented by Capt. T.W. Greenfield, 1899.
12. 4. 1. 82. Frontlet and horns. (?) Baluchistan ;
collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1912,

ANTILOPIN & 49

VII. GAZELLA FUSCIFRONS.

Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 317, Eastern
Persia, vol. ii, p. 92, 1876; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 545 ;
Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 465, 1884; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 160, 1891; Lydekker, Nature, vol.

lxxxiii, p. 202, 1910; Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 245,
1914.

Gazella bennetti, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 529, 1891 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 120, 1898 ;
nec Sykes.

Gazella yarkandensis kennioni, Lydekker, Field, vol. cxi, p. 499, 1908.
Gazella hayi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 961.

It was the result of an unfortunate accident, namely the
transposition of the registration labels of two gazelles
received simultaneously at the British Museum, that a
specimen of this gazelle was described as a new African
species under the name G. hayi.

Typical locality Jalk, on the fringe of the Sistan (Seistan)
Desert, Eastern Persia.

Type (the female head figured by Blanford) in Indian
Museum, Calcutta.

Horns present in both sexes, and males without a
“soitre” (as in all the following species). Apparently
somewhat smaller than seistanica (shoulder-height probably
about 28 inches), from which it is distinguished, in addition
to the above characters, by the absence of marked inturning
of the horns, the smaller size of the white area on the
buttocks, and the light rufous fawn forehead and middle line
of face, with only the lips and the extremity of the muzzle
whitish; the flank and pygal bands being slightly darker
than the general body-colour.

This species apparently inhabits elevations not exceeding
3000 feet; its distributional area including Sistan (Seistan)
and probably part of Baluchistan.

8. 3.12.1. Head, mounted. Kain, Eastern Persia. Type
of G. yarkandensis kenniont.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. R. L. Kennion, 1908.

10. 1. 22. 1. Skin, mounted, subadult, male (fig. 11).
Sistan, Eastern Persia. Type of G. hayz. Same donor, 1910.

10. 12. 13. 3. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.

Presented by Capt. C. T. Daukes, 1910.
IIL. E

50 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

91. 8. 7. 78-80. Three skulls, with horns, provisionally
referred to this species. Kelat, Baluchistan; collected by

Fic. 11.—Hxzap anp Necxr or Kenwion’s GazELLeE (Gazella fuscifrons).
From Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1911.

Col. Sir O. B. St. John, K.C.B. As G. setstanica and
G. fuscifrons occur in Sistan, they are probably also found

in Baluchistan, the latter at lower levels.
Presented by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

VIII. GAZELLA BENNETTI.

Antilope bennettii, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 104; Owen, ibid.
1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 638, 1868; Lesson, Hist.
Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 40,
1836 ; Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Lauril-

ANTILOPIN E 51

lard, Dict, Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841; Schinz, Synop.
Mamm. vol. ii, p. 400, 1845, Mon. Anttlop. pl. iii, b, 1848; Reichen-
bach, Sdugethtere, vol. iii, p. 111, 1845; Fraser, Zool. Typica,
L. xvi, 1849; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 166, 1851;
Wagner, Schreber’s Séugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 405, 1855.
Antilope arabica, Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 223, 1837.

Gazella christyi, Blyth (ex Gray), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi,
p. 452, 1842 ; Hutton, ibid. vol. xv, p. 151, 1846 ; nec Lichtenstein.

Gazella bennettii,* Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161, 1848, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit.
Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, 1850; Hutton, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 150, 1846; Temminck, Esquiss.
Zool. Guiné, p. 1938, 1853; Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 280, 1867;
Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196,
1867, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 315,
Eastern Persia, vol. ii, p. 91, 1876, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm.
p. 526, 1891; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 5, 1869;
McMaster, Notes on Jerdon, pp. 141 and 249, 1870; Stoliczka,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 229, 1872; Brooke,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 544; Ball, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
1877, p. 172; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll.
Surg. pt. ii, p. 264, 1884; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 463,
1884; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 56, 1884; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 159, 1891; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 168, 1892; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 124, 1892, ed. 6, p. 247, 1910, ed. 7, p. 246, 1914;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 175, 1893, Great and Small Game
of India, etc. p. 185, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 201,
1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 30, 1913; Percy, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 355, 1894; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 119, pl. 1x, 1898;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 58, 1908; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. vol. xxi, pp. 410 and 1194, 1912.

Antilope hazenna, I. Geoffroy, Voyage Jacquemont, Mamm. pl. lxxiv,
pl. vi, 1844; Schinz, Mon. Antilop. pl. xxi, a, 1848; Wagner,
Schreber’s Sdéugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 406, 1855.

Tragops bennettii, Hodgson, Jowrn. Astat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi,
pp. 11 and 695, 1847; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 62, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 89, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1878;
Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 522; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 233, 1862; Blyth, Cat. Mamm., Mus. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, p. 178, 18638.

Gazella hazenna, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guinée, p. 193, 1853.

Tragopsis bennettii, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 157, 1869.

Tragopsis hazenna, Fitzinger, loc. cit. 1869.

Gacella bennetti, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub, vol. viii) p. 79, 1907.

* G. bennette of later writers.

52 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

CHINKARA, or INDIAN GAZELLE.

Type of TZragops and Tragopsis, founded upon the
supposed absence of face-glands.

Typical locality Deccan, India.

Nearly allied to last, but smaller. Shoulder-height about
25 to 26 inches; ears shorter; whole forehead deep rufous
fawn, as is also the whole of middle line of face, including
extremity of muzzle; nose-spot ill-defined and blackish
brown; horns without any noticeable inturning of tips,
those of female apparently smaller than in fuseifrons,

Horns nearly straight, diverging slightly from bases,
with a slight S-like curvature in profile, and the tips usually
bending slightly forwards, without any perceptible inturning,
15 or 16 ridges, occasionally more; general colour dull fawn
(light chestnut), with the dark face-stripes and muzzle deep
rufous fawn, and an ill-defined blackish brown nose-spot;
ears medium, fawn on backs; flank and pygal bands
brownish fawn scarcely darker than back. Basal length of
skull about 74 inches, maximum width 33, length from
muzzle to orbit 4 inches. Good horns measure from 12 to
158 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 34 to 43,
and a tip-to-tip interval of from 44 to 83 inches.

The range is restricted to peninsular India and perhaps
Sind; the lowland gazelle of Eastern Persia identified by
Blanford with this species being fuscifrons.

42. 8.6.9. Skull, with horns, and skin. Deccan. Co-

type. Presented by Col. W. H. Sykes, 1842.
42. 8. 6. 10. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality.
Co-type. Same history.

617, a. Pair of horns. India. Type of G@. christit.
Presented by Dr. J. Christie, about 1842.
55. 1. 20.13. Frontlet and horns. Nepal.
Presented by H.H, Maharaja Dhuleep Singh, 1855.
56. 5. 6. 69-70. Two skulls, with horns. Salt Range,
Punjab; collected by W. Theobald, Esq.
Presented by Dr. T. Oldham, 1856.
56. 5. 6. 71-72. Two skulls, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

85. 6.13. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Sind.
Presented by the Karachi Musewm, 1885.

ANTILOPIN& 53

88, 3. 20. 20. Skull, with horns. Meerut district,
Presented by R. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.
89. 11. 20. 13-14. Two frontlets and horns, Simrol,
Bengal, Presented by Col. J. Evans, 1889.
91. 8. 24.2. Skull, female. Gwalior.
Presented by C. Maries, Esq., 1891.

Fie, 12.—Hzap or Inpian GazELLe (Gazella bennetti).

91. 8.7.72. Skull, with horns. Jodpur.

Presented by A. O. Hume, Usq., CB., 1891.

91. 8.7.73. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon, Punjab.
Same history.
91. 8. 7. 74-75. Two skulls, with horns. Etawah,
N.W.P. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 76-77. Two skulls, with horns. Sirsa, Punjab.
Same history.

54 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

12. 10. 31. 23. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. No. 20 in
Ward’s 1910 list. Length of horns 123, girth 44, tip-to-tip
5 inches. Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1912.

12. 10. 81. 24. Skull, with horns. Delhi. Same history.

12.10. 31. 25. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon; collected
by Mr. W. Chill. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 72. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown.

Same history.
8.16.15.1. Head, mounted (fig. 12). Hissar district,
Punjab. | Presented by H. J. Vaughan, Esq., 1908.

IX. GAZELLA CUVIERI.

Antilope cuvieri, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 834; Schinz, Synop.
Mamm. vol. ii, p. 899, 1845, Mon. Antilop. pl. ii, a, 1848; Fraser,
Zool. Typ. pl. xvii, 1849. ;

Gazella doreas, var. 3, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1852.

Gazella cineraceus, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 198, 1858,
from the ‘‘ Kevel Gris” of F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii,
livr. lvii, 1827.

Gazella corinna, Loche, Cat. Mamm. Algérie, p. 13, 1850, Hapli.
Algér. Mamm. p. 68, 1867 ; nec Pallas.

Gazella kevella, Tristram, The Great Sahara, p. 387, 1860; Lataste,
Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 296, 1885; Buxton,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 683; nec Pallas.

Gazella cuvieri, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1878;
Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 542; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 126, 1892, ed. 6, p. 248, 1910, ed. 7, p. 248, 1914;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 233, 1893, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 251,
1908; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 464, 1904, vol. ii,
p. 847; Pease, ibid. 1896, p. 814; Whitaker, cbid. 1896, p. 815;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 109, pl. lviii,
1898; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887; Hartert, Novit.
Zool, vol. xx, p. 38, 1913.

Epi.

Typical locality Mogador.

Nearly related to fuscifrons and bennettz, of which it may
be regarded as the African representative, but larger than the
latter, with the coat rougher than in either (in accordance
with its mountain habitat), the nose-spot larger, more defined,
and black, the lateral face-stripes, flank-band, and pygal
band darker, and the tail more thickly haired.

Size rather larger than in bennetti, shoulder-height about

ANTILOPIN & 55

26 to 27 inches. Horns relatively short, thick, strongly
ridged, but little divergent, with a very slight backward
curvature, and a small upward and forward bend at the tips ;
coat rather long, rough, and coarse; general colour dull
fawn ; median face-stripe brownish fawn, with a large black
nose-patich, in front of which the muzzle is whitish; ears
long and pointed, with the backs fawn; flank and pygal
bands distinct and darker than back. Basal length of skull
about 72 inches, maximum breadth 38, length from muzzle
to orbit 48 inches. Fine horns measure from 114 to 14%
inches in length, with a basal girth of from 3} to 5, and a
tip-to tip interval] of from 32 to 8 inches.

The distributional area includes the mountainous districts
of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

538. 8. 29. 97. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Mogador; presented, when alive, by W. Will-
shire, Esq. in 1839 to the Zoological Society, in whose
menagerie it died in May of the following year. Type.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1853.

55. 12. 29. 400. Skin, mounted. N. Africa; from an
animal presented to the Zoological Society by H.M. Queen
Victoria. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

66. 12. 30, 24. Skeleton. North Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1866.

94, 4, 18. 1-3. Three frontlets, with horns. Near
Biskra, Algerian Sahara.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.
94.8.1.1. Skin, mounted. Near Biskra.
Presented by J. I. 8S. Whitaker, Esq., 1894.

8. 4.11.1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mettili Range,
Barilla, Algeria. Presented by E. Richardson Cox, Esq., 1908.

8.4.11. 2. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

X. GAZELLA GAZELLA.

Antilope gazella, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, ex ‘La Gazelle,”
Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 249, pl. xxili, 1764; Boddaert,
Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 316, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 688, 1792;
Latham and Davies, Fawnula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Bechstewn,
Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Shaw, Gen.

56 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 816, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 114, 1802: teste O. Newmann.

Gazella merrilli, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. ii, p. 347, Abs.
p. 19; Carruthers, Field, vol. exiv. p, 1185, 1909.

Gazella gazella, O. Newmann, Sitaber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1906,
p. 245.

Typical locality Syria.
The Palestine representative of cuvieri, from which this

Fig. 13.—Sxunti anp Horns oF PaLssTINE GAZELLE (Gazella gazella).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904.

species is distinguished by its somewhat inferior size and
smaller and rather differently curved horns. Coat, general
colour, and colour-pattern as in cwviert; horns relatively
short, thick basally, and distinctly S-shaped, curving back-
wards below the tips, and forwards at the tips themselves,
with about 10 or 12 not very strongly pronounced ridges
(against from 20 to 24 bolder ones on the comparatively
straight horns of ewviert). Skull smaller than in that
species, with the premaxille stopping short of the nasals,
instead of forming a broad articulation with them; basal
length 52 inches (170 mm.), maximum width 34 (88 mm.),

ANTILOPINAE 57

length from muzzle to orbit 34% inches (99 mm.). Length
of horns 93 inches (241 mm.), girth 4,8; inches (108 mm.).

From arabica, to which there is a certain resemblance in
the set and curvature of the horns, this species is dis-
tinguished by its larger size; being in fact intermediate in
this respect between cuvieri and arabica. Sclater and
Thomas, who identified it with G@. dorcas, regarded Antilope
gazella, Pallas (1766), as a synonym of Capra gazella, Linn.
(= Oryx gazella), but this view is rejected by O. Neumann ;
see Oryx gazella, infra, p. 119.

4.12.18. 1. Skull, with horns (fig. 13), and skin.
Hizmeh, a little north of Jerusalem, December, 1903. Type

of G. merrilli. Presented by Dr. Selah Merrill, 1904.
4.12.18. 2. Skull, with horns,and skin. Same locality
and date. Same history.
10. 3. 12. 16. Skull, with horns. Near Jerusalem;
collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1910.
10. 3. 12. 17. Skull, with horns, immature. Same
locality. Same history.

11. 8.3.1. Skull, with horns. Syria.
Presented by Mrs. Guy Bethell, 1911.

XI. GAZELLA ARABICA.

Antilope arabica, Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Sdugethiere, pl. vi, 1827;
Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg and Hemprich, Symbol. Phys. pt. 1, pl. v,
1828; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 460, 1829; Lesson, Hist. Nat.
Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Réegne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 683, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 40, 1838; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii,
p. 1871, 1888; Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 407,
1844, vol. v, p. 403, 1855; Rechenbach. Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
pl. xxxiii, fig. 188, 1845; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 399,
1845, Mon, Antilop. p. 4, pl. ii, 1848; Giebel, Sdugethtere, p. 807,
1853-55 ; Heuglin, Petermann’s Muttheil. vol. vii, p. 16, 1861,
Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 5, 1863.

Antilope cora, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 216,
vol. v, p. 833, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 287,
1836.

Gazella cora, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161, 1848.

Antilope dorcas, var., Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,
p. 268, 1847.

Gazella vera, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, pl. iii, 1850 (vide Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 984).

58 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Gazella arabica, Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 198, 1858;
Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 86, Fauna and Flora of
Palestine, p. 26, 1884,; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261,
1870; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 544, 1874, p. 541;
Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 187, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 168,
1892; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 458, 1891 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 114, 1892, ed. 6, p. 251, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 249, 1907; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 179, 1898,
Great and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 202, 1901; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 812; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 115, pl. lix, 1898 ; Anderson and de Winton,
Zoology of Egypt, Mamm. p. 342, 1902; O. Neumann, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 244; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 887.

Guasau (Arabic) ; ARIEL, or AlgL (Syriac).

Typical locality Farsan Island, on Arabian coast of
Red Sea.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Differs from cxviert by its rather smaller size, smoother
and darker coat, and smoky brown pygal and flank bands.

Size medium, shoulder-height 24 or 25 inches. Horns
rather short and thick, nearly parallel, with a slight backward
curve, and a forward inclination at the tips; general colour
dark smoky fawn, darker than in any of the allied species ;
median face-stripe dark rufous fawn, with a black nose-spot ;
ears medium, brownish fawn on backs; flank- and pygal
bands dark smoky brown; limbs more rufous than body.
Basal length of skull about 6? inches, maximum breadth 3,
length from muzzle to orbit 32 inches. Good horns measure
from 84 to 103 inches in length, with a basal girth of from
4 to 43, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 4 to 4} inches.

The range is restricted to western Arabia.

The species has been divided into three local races,
distinguished as follows :—

A. Flank-band present.

a. General colour dark smoky fawn .............6.55 G. a. erlangert.
b. General colour pale sandy fawn like that of
AOVCGS: ssissaiomewisyane ve eeitaentoeds sew umedanes mentee G. a. rueppelli.
B. Flank-band wanting .............cesesecseseeeeereaeeeeees G. a. arabica.

Whether these characters are constant, the specimens in
the Museum are insufficient to determine.

ANTILOPIN A 59

A.—Gazella arabica arabica.

i aa typica, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 251,

Typical locality Farsan Island, Red Sea.

General colour lighter than in the next race, with the
dark flank-band obsolete.

No specimen in collection.

B.—Gazella arabica erlangeri.

Gazella bennetti, Yerbury and Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 555,
nec Sykes.

Gazella arabica erlangeri, O. Newmann. Siteber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 244; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 251, 1910.

Typical locality Lahejh, north of Aden, Arabia.
Type in the collection of Dr. O. Neumann.
General colour dark smoky fawn, with a strongly
pronounced blackish flank-band.
69. 10. 24. 100. Skull, with horns. Mocha, south-
western Arabia. Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, 1869.
96. 12. 4. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, imperfect, and
skins. Aden. Presented by E. N, Buxton, Esq., 1896.
97. 1.5.15. Skin, mounted. Near Aden; from the
collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart.
Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.
97.11. 20.4. Skin, mounted. Near Aden.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1897 .

C.—Gazella arabica rueppelli.

Gazella arabica rueppelli, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 244; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 151, 1910.

Typical locality Syria.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann. Described as
being much paler than either of the other races, and
resembling G. dorcas in general colour, with the chestnut
face and dark nose-spot of G. a. erlangert.

64. 8.17.16. Skin, immature. Mountains of Palestine.

Presented by Rev. Canon H. B. Tristram, 1864.

60 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

XII. GAZELLA MUSCATENSIS.

Gazella muscatensis, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 141, pl. xxii;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 179, 1898, Great and Small Game
of Europe, etc. p. 204, 1901; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 451, 1908, vol. ii, p. 317; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 155, pl. Ixv, 1898.

Typical locality Muscat, Oman, eastern Arabia.

Nearly allied to G. arabica, but smaller—the shoulder-
height being only about 21 to 22 inches—and with the tips of
the relatively short horns markedly inturned. General colour
dark rufous fawn, closely approximating to the smoky fawn
of the Aden race of arabica; dark flank-band blackish, light
one obsolete; median face-stripe deep rufous with a blackish
nose-patch, light lateral stripes narrow and well defined, but
the dark external ones not defined from fawn of cheeks ; limbs
white only on inner surfaces of upper segment of front pair
and thighs, with brownish knee-tufts. Basal length of adult
female skull 537, maximum breadth 2, length from muzzle
to orbit 28 inches.

75. 10.7.1. Skull, imperfect, bones of trunk, and skin.
Muscat, Oman; collected by Lieut.-Col. Sir C. B. Euan
Smith, K.C.B. Type. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1875.

94. 3.9.5. Skin, mounted. Khode, east of Oman.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. A. 8S. G. Jayakar, 1894.

94. 3.9.6. Skin, mounted, female. Sharkeyeh, east of
Oman. Same history.

94. 3.9.7. Skull, with horns, and skin. Khode.

Same history.

94. 3. 9. 8-9. Two skulls, with horns, and skins, female.
Khode. Same history.

XIIT. GAZELLA MARICA.

Gazella marica, Thomas, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xix, p. 162,
1897; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 95,
pl. 1vi, 1898; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of urea ete.
p. 201, 1901; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 88.

Raim (in common with several other gazelles).

Typical locality Nejd, central Arabia.
A pale-coloured desert form, of the approximate size of
muscatensis, but with longer and more regularly incurving

ANTILOPIN A 61

horns and a white forehead. General colour pale fawn ;
fawn face-streaks nearly obsolete, when distinguishable, not
darker than general body-colour and but slightly defined
from intervening white streaks; ears long, whitish fawn on
the backs; pale flank-band practically obsolete, and the dark
one, as well as that on front border of rump-patch, pale
brown and scarcely deeper in tint than the general colour,
into which it merges; limbs mainly whitish, the fawn being
restricted to the front surface of the fore-legs as far as the
knees, and to the outer side of the hind-legs to some distance
below the hocks. Basal length of skull 64, maximum width
33;, length from muzzle to orbit 34 inches.

In the Book of Antelopes (although not in the original
description) this species is stated, apparently on account of
the slight development of the face-markings, to be related to
G. subgutturosa, to which, however, it seems to have no real
affinity, the females having horns and the males apparently
lacking a goitre. The range includes the desert tract from
Nejd to western Oman.

97. 1.14.5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Desert near
Nejd. Type. Presented by Lieut.-Col. A. S. G. Jayakar, 1897.

97.1.14.6. Skeleton and skin. Same locality.

Same history.

97. 1. 14. 7-8. Two skeletons and skins, immature.

Same locality. Same history.
97. 1.14.9. Skeleton and skin, female. Abrec Dabireh,
Oman. Same history.
98. 5. 4. 1. Skull, with horns. Habur, near Adam,
Oman. Same donor, 1898.

XIV. GAZELLA RUFIFRONS.

Le Kevel, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. i, livr. 1, pl. 109, 1818.

Corinne, F. Cuvier, op. cit. vol. ii, livr. 86, pl. 229, 1822, and Corinne
jeune, vol. iv, livr. 72, pl. 426, 1842.

Antilope keveila, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 683, 1868 (teste Pocock, Proc. Zoo. Soc. 1910,
p. 887), nec Pallas.

Gazella rufifrons, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
pp. 214 and 231, 1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, pl. v, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 115, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 60,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1873; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.

62 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1878, p. 540; Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 140, 1888;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 282, 1898, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 844, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 256,
1908, Suppl. p. 18,1911; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 159,
1896, ed. 6, p. 262, 1910, ed. 7, p. 260, 1907; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 163, pl. lxvii, 1898; Thomas, Proe.
Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 801; Alexander, From Niger to Nile,
vol. ii, p. 898, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887,
1912, p. 5.

Gazella (Eudorcas) levipes senegalensis, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Gazella (Korin) rufifrons, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39,
1872.

Type of Hudoreas and Korin.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Size medium, build relatively stout. Horns com-
paratively short, heavily ringed, evenly divergent, slightly
curved backwards, and turning forwards at the tips; general
colour deep sandy rufous, brightening into rich rufous on
the lateral and broad median face-stripes; no dark nose-
spot; light face-stripes buff; a broad sandy buff light
flank-band, below which is a narrow black one; pygal band
nearly obsolete; root of tail sandy. Skull with rather short
and (especially posteriorly) broad nasals, and narrow nasal
aperture; basal length 7 inches, maximum breadth 3, length
from orbit to muzzle 4 inches. Length of good horns 11 to
134 inches, basal girth 43 to 54, tip-to-tip interval 32 to
72 inches.

The alleged absence of knee-tufts is denied by Pocock ; *
their presence in G. 7. levipes being mentioned by Lonnberg,
as cited under the heading of that race.

The range extends from Senegambia and Nigeria to
Kordofan and other parts of the Eastern Sudan.

The named races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. General colour rufous fawn.

a. Colour darker ; more buff on face .............00648 G.r. rufifrons.
b. Colour paler ; less buff on face.............: cece ees G. r. levipes,
B. General colour ochery fawn.
a. General colour pure ochery ............6.:eeseeeee eee G. r. haslert.
b. General colour browner.
a’, Colour lighter sxsiasocseies ccsmeseasnn sai a2 ever anaes G. r. kanurt.
bi. Colour deeper zee tics geiasnsneqenens ascawness serene G. r. centralis,

* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 6.

ANTILOPINA 63

A.—Gazella rufifrons rufifrons.

Gazella rufifrons typica, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 262,
1910, ed. 7, p. 261, 1914.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Median face-stripe and forehead bright rufous ; lateral
face-stripes buff from eye to nostril; cheeks from face-gland
to lip pale buffish rufous; crown and neck rufous buff.

44.1.18. 24. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Senegambia. This specimen (Nos. 411, b, and 411, ¢, of Gray’s
Catalogues) and Nos. 413, ¢, 46. 1. 10. 4, and 46. 11. 20. 8,
are co-types of the species.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1844.
413,¢. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Senegambia.
Presented by the Eurl of Derby.

45. 10. 4. 1 (413, d). Skull, with horns, immature

female. Senegambia. Same donor, 1845.
46. 1. 10. 4 (411, d). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Senegambia. Same donor, 1846.
46. 11. 20. 8 (411, a). Skull, with horns, and skin,
immature female. Senegambia. Same history.

66. 4, 25. 6. Skeleton, female. Senegambia.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1866.
4,7. 9.4. Skull, with horns. Bida, Northern Nigeria.
Presented by Capt. H. Cock, 1904.
4.7.9.5. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.
4.7.9.6. Skull, with horns. Kalani, west of Sokoto.
Same history.
4.7.9.7. Skull, with horns. Fakai, Northern Nigeria.
Same history.
4.7.9.8. Skull, with horns,female. Argungu, Northern
Nigeria. Same history.
5. 5.10.4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wasé, Nigeria.
Presented by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm, 1905.
9,11. 2. 31. Skull, with horns, and skin. Longol, Sene-
gambia ; collected by Mr. W. T. Riggenback. Purchased, 1909.
9,11. 2.32. Skin. Ogo, Longol. Same history.
9, 11. 2.33. Skin, female. Gassané, Longol.
Same history.

64 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.—Gazella rufifrons Jevipes.

Antilope levipes, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,
p. 266, 1847, form a; Wagner, Schreber’s Siugthiere, Suppl.
vol. v, p. 404, 1855; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car,
vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 100,
1877.

Antilope leptoceros, Heuglin, Nova Acta, op. cit. p. 7, 1863; nec
Geoffroy.

Gazella salmi, Lorenz, Stizber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1906, p. 28.

Gazella rufifrons salmi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 257,
1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 263, 1910.

Gazella rufifrons levipes, Lénnberg, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi, p. 155, 1914;
Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 261, 1914.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

Closely allied to typical race, but apparently paler in
colour, with a smaller amount of buff on face, a broader dark
flank-band, and longer horns, more incurved at tips.

General colour pale yellowish brown; longer hairs on
forehead, crown, nose, back of neck, and a patch on cheeks
rufous; area round eye and an ill-defined streak extending
thence towards nose whitish; upper lip isabelle-fawn on
sides, whitish in front; lower lip, chin, and throat also
whitish; backs of ears pale fawn, becoming whitish at base
laterally, inner sides, margins, and tips with long white
hairs. Horns in profile recalling those of G. thomsoni (infra),
in front view more or less lyrate, with the tips inclined
strongly inwards and slightly forwards.

The range includes Kordofan, El Obeid, and other parts
of the Eastern Sudan, extending to the Blue Nile and
Dinder Valleys.

Sclater and Thomas tentatively identified the eastern
form of Sundevall’s G. levipes with G. rufina, but it has
been definitely proved by Lénnberg to be the same as the
so-called G. salm.

99. 7.1.2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Faki Kowi,
on the White Nile, 200 miles south of Khartum.

Presented by F. Burges, Hsq., 1899.

99. 7.1.3. Skull, with horns,immature. Same locality.

Same history.

0. 8. 6. 9. Skull, with horns, and skin. White Nile.

Presented by Capt. S. S. Flower, 1900.

ANTILOPIN& 65

0. 8.6.10. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. White

Nile. Same history.
0. 8.6.11. Skin, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 8. 8. 43. Skull, with horns, imperfect, and skin,

female. Kaka, White Nile.
Presented by R. Mc, D. Hawker, Esq., 1901.
3. 2.8.33. Skull, with horns, and skin. Agageh,

Sudan. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1903.
3. 2.8. 34. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

7. 2.23.2. Skull, with horns. White Nile.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
9. 9.14.1. Head. mounted. White Nile.

Presented by Norman B. Smith, Esq., 1909.

C.—Gazella rufifrons hasleri.

Gazella rufifrons hasleri, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 5, Abs.
P. Z, S. 1912, p. 47.

Typical locality Kano, Northern Nigeria.

Distinguished by the ochery fawn general colour, with a
paler zone above dark flank-band; tail coloured like back
for its basal inch, elsewhere black above; dark band
bordering white area on buttocks faint; forehead darker
and deeper in colour than cheeks and neck, with a few white
hairs between horns. The white nose of the type specimen
is almost certainly either an individual peculiarity or a
feature induced by captivity.

12. 12. 22. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kano,

Northern Nigeria. Type.
Presented by the Zoological Society, 1912.

D.—Gazella rufifrons kanuri.

Gazella rufifrons kanuri, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 40, 1914.
Typical locality Lower Shari Valley, Lake Chad district.
Type in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.
Allied to hasleri, but the general colour tending to pale
II. F

66 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

brownish rather than ochery, and the horns very slightly
divergent, spreading only at tips. General colour cinnamon,
darkening on forehead; flanks slightly darker and duller ;
thighs paler than ordinary buff; light facial stripes rather
broad ; flank-band brownish black ; skull narrow across orbits
(postorbital width 37%, inches = 86 mm.), with long rostrum
and narrow palate; basal length 74 inches (180 mm.).

7.7. 8. 210-211. Two skulls, one immature, with horns,
and skins. Yo, Lake Chad district; collected during the
Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7.7. 8.212. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality and collection. The reference of both this and the
preceding specimens to the present race is provisional.

Same history.

E.—Gazella rufifrons centralis.

Gazella rufifrons centralis, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 40, 1914.

Typical locality Magretta, near Melfi, Bagirmi.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

General colour darker cinnamon than in kanuri, not
deeper on forehead, but becoming paler on flanks and thighs;
flank-stripe black ; horns of medium length, diverging nearly
from bases and spreading at tips. Skull with prominent
orbits (postorbital width 8 inches = 97:3 mm.), short,
narrow rostrum, and rather broad palate; basal length
775 inches (185 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

XV. GAZELLA RUFINA.

Gazella rufina, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 467; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 167, 1898; Lydekker,
Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 844, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 259, 1908; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 85,1913 ;
Lénnberg, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi, p. 157, 1914.

Typical Jocality not definitely known, but probably the
interior of Algeria.

ANTILOPIN 67

Apparently a larger form closely related to the typical
race of rufifrons, with a richer rufous colouring, and the
knee-tufts dull rufous. Skull larger and heavier than in
rufifrons, with the lachrymal pits larger and deeper, the
nasal aperture relatively shorter and broader, and the upper

Fig. 14.—SKuULL anD Horns oF RED GazELLE (Gazella rufina).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1894.

line of the premaxillz more curved; basal length about 854,
maximum width 332, length from muzzle to orbit 4% inches ;
length of horns in type 112 inches. >

94. 6. 4. 1. Skull, with horns (fig. 14), and skin.
Purchased by donor in Algiers. Type.

Presented by Sir HE. G. Loder, Bart., 1894.

XVI. GAZELLA LEPTOCEROS.

Antilope leptoceros, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Maman. vol. iv, livr. lsxii,
pls. 424 and 425, 1842; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 422, 1844, vol. v, p. 407, 1855 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 445, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 34, pl. xxxviii, 1848;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 269, 1847;
Giebel, Sdugethtere, p. 809, 1853-55 ; Heuglin, Reise Nordost-
Afrika, vol. ii, p. 100, 1877.

F2

68 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Antilope (Leptoceros) leptoceros, Wagner, Schreber’s Stiugthiere,
Suppl. vol. iv, p. 422, 1844.

Gazella dorcas, var. 4, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1852.

Gazella leptoceros, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 198, 1853 ;
Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 543; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 234, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 254, 1908; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 187, 1898; Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1899, p. 593; Johnston, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 349,
1899; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 343,
pl. lxi, 1902; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 258, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 257, 1914.

Leptoceros para Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol.

Leptoceros cuvieri, lix, pt. 1, p. 160, 1869.

Gazella loderi, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 522; Bramley, bid.
1895, p. 863; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 169, 1869.

Gazella leptoceros abu-harah, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 255, 1908.

Ruim—a name also applied to other gazelles.

Type of Leptoceros, Wagner, nee Leach.

Typical locality apparently Sennar.

Size medium; shoulder-height about 25 inches. Horns
long—about twice length of skull—slender, closely ridged
nearly to tips; usually almost straight, with a slight back-
ward bend, but displaying considerable individual variation
in regard to divergence; general colour pale sandy fawn,
with the usual markings faint and ill-defined; median face-
stripe and dark lateral stripes sandy and contrasting but
slightly with the white ones; flank and pygal bands pale
sandy with a brownish wash, only a little darker than back ;
ears long, narrow, and pointed, with the backs whitish buff;
tail sandy at root, darkening to brownish black towards tip ;
fronts of fore-limbs sandy, of hind-limbs whitish ; knee-tufts
but little darker than general colour. Skull with premaxille
articulating broadly with nasals ; basal length about 63 inches,
maximum breadth 34, length from muzzle to orbit 32 inches.
Good horns measure from 13 to 15 inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 34 to 4}, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging
from 34 to 104 inches.

The distributional area includes the sandy tracts of the
interior of Algeria, Tunisia, and the Eastern Sudan as far
south as Nubia and Sennar.

ANTILOPINA 69

A.—Gazella leptoceros leptoceros.

Gazella leptoceros typica, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 149, 1898.

Typical locality apparently Sennar.
General characters those of the species.
95.10.15.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Western
part of Libyan Desert; collected by A. R. Birdwood, Esq.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1895.
5. 12.12. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, Wadi-Natrun,
Egypt ; collected by Jennings Bramley, Esq.
Presented by Mrs. John Anderson, 1905.

B.—Gazella leptoceros loderi.

Gazella loderi, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiii, p. 452,
1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 470, pl. xxxii; Loder, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1894, p. 473; Pease, wbid. 1826, p. 818; Whitaker, ibid.
1896, p. 816.

Gazella leptoceros loderi, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 148, 1894; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 33, 1918;
Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 258, 1914.

Typical locality the sand-dunes in the neighbourhood of
Biskra, Central Algeria, to which area, together with the
adjacent part of Tunisia, this race is restricted.

Separated by Sclater and Thomas as a distinct race, but
points of difference from typical race not known.

94, 6. 4. 2. Skull, with horns (fig. 15), and skin. Ten
miles south of Biskra. Type.

Presented by Sir E. G. Loder, Bart., 1894.

94, 6.4.3. Frontlet and horns. Purchased at Biskra.

Same history.

94. 6.4.4. Skull, with horns. South of Biskra.

Same history.

94. 4.18.4. Frontlet and horns. Purchased at Biskra.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.

95. 8. 20.1. Skin, mounted, and skull. South of Choff-
Jerid, Tunisia. Presented by J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq., 1895.

95. 8. 20. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history,

70 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Fic. 15.—SKULL AND Horns oF RHIM OR LODER’s GAZELLE
(Gazella leptoceros loderi).

From Thomas, Prec. Zeol. Sec. 1894.

XVII. GAZELLA DORCAS,

Capra dorcas, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12, vol. i,
p- 96, 1766, ex ‘“Gazella africana, cornibus brevibus,” Ray,
Quadrupeds, p. 80, 1693.

Antilope kevella, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, Spictl. Zool. fase. i,
p. 12, 1767, fase. xii, p. 15, 1777, ex ‘‘Le Kevel,” Buffon, Hist.
Nat. vol. xii, p. 258, pl. xxvi, 1764; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl.
p. 54,1766; Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 287, 1777; Zimmer-
mann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 5438, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii,
p. 177, 1780; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780; Schreber,
Stugthiere, pl, ecelxx, 1785; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142,
1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 187, 1788; Kerr,
Linn.’s Anim, Kingdom, p. 318, 1792; Link, Beytrige Natur-
gesch, vol. ii, p. 1795; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 351,

ANTILOPIN & 71

1801; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 380, 1803,
vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 38, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 184, 1816; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 486, 1814; H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 213, vol. v, p. 332, 1827.

(?) Antilope corinna, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, ex ‘* La Corinne,”
Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 261, pl. xxvii, 1764; Hraleben,
Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 291, 1777; Schreber, Sdéugthiere, pl. eclxxi,
1785 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 148, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 188, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 318, 1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795;
Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645, 1800;
Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. vi, p. 219, 1803, vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 33, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 184, 1816; G. Fischer, Zoognosie,
vol. iii, p. 480, 1814; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Stiugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1198, 1818; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 214, vol. v, p. 833, 1827.

Antilope doreas, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc.i, p. 11, 1767, fase. xii, p. 15,
1777; Miller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 54, 1776; Eraleben, Syst.
Regn. Anim. p. 285, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 548, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 117, 1780; Gatterer,
Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780; Hermann, Tabl. Affin. Anim.
p. 108, 1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxix, 1785; Gmelin,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 187, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 313, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 630,
1792; Link, Beytrige Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Cuvier,
Tabl. Elém. Hist. Nat. p. 168, 1798, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 225,
1804, Régne Animal, vol. i, p. 259, 1817; Bechstein, Uebersicht
vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 644, 1800; Lacépéde, Mém. Inst.
Paris, Sct. Phys. vol. iii, p. 498, 1801; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 850, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 118,
1802; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 82,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 188, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 453,
1822; Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. i, p. 409, 1808; Lichtenstein,
Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 168, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 426, 1814; Afzelius. Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815; Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Schanz,
Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 828, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 898, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 8, pl. i, 1848; Desmowlins, Dict.
Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 440, 1822; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 372,
1827, Hist. Nat. Anim., Mamm. vol. x, p. 286, 1836, Nowv. Tabdl.
Regne Anim. p. 176, 1842; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 212, vol. v, p. 8382, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 459, 1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 683, 1868; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1869, 18386; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 614, 1841; Forster, Descrip. Anum. p. 886, 1844; Wagner,
Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 405, 1844, vol. v, p. 403,
1855; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handi. 1845, p. 267, 1847 ;
Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 805, 1853-55; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ae.
Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 5, 1863, partim; Brehm,
Thierleben, Sdugethtere, vol. iii, p. 205, 1880.

Cemas dorcas, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 737,
1816.

Cemas kevella, Oken, op. cit. p. 788, 1816.

Cemas maculata, Oken, loc. cit. 1816.

72 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Cerophorus (Gazella) kevella, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

(2) Cerophorus (Gazella) corinna, Blainville, loc. cit. 1816.

Dorcas dorcas, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 307, 1821.

Gazella dorcas, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 137; Gray, List
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, pl. iii,
1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 112, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 55, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 106, 1873; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool.
Guiné, p. 1938, 1853; Loche, Cat. Mamm. Algérie, p. 18, 1858,
Explor. Algér., Mamm. p. 67, 1867; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak,
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1873, p.537 ; Danford and Alston, ibid. 1877, p. 276, 1880, p. 55;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 268,
1884; Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 295,
1885, Cat. Mamm. Tunisie, p. 36, 1887; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 136, 1889, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden’ Mus. (tbtd. vol. xi) p. 167, 1892; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 157, 1891; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 114, 1892, ed. 6, p. 252, 1910, ed. 7, p. 250, 1914;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 180, 1898, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 334, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 248, 1908,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 961; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 469; Sclater, ibid. 1895, p. 523; Pease, ibid. 1896, p. 812;
Whitaker, ibid. 1896, p. 815; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 99, 1898; Anderson and de Winton, Zool.
of Egypt, Mamm. p. 340, pl.lx, 1902; Lortet and Gazllard, Arch.
Mus. Lyon, ser. 4, vol. viii, no. 2, p. 82, 1903; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 3938, 1907; Beccart, Monit. Zool. wtal.
vol. xx, p. 1, 1909; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887;
Gaillard, Rev. Ethnogr. et Sociol. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 8;
Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 292, 1913;
Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 84, 1913.*

Gazella doreas sundevalli, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol.
lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Gacella dorcas, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus, (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

(2?) Gazella isabella, Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ser. 4,
vol. viii, no. 2, p. 85, 1903; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 34,
1913.

Dorcas GAZELLE.

Type of Dorcas.

Typical locality Egypt.t

Size small or medium, the shoulder-height ranging from
21 or 22 to about 244 inches. ‘Typically, horns of medium
length, and markedly different in shape from those of any
other species, being compressed, evenly divergent as they

* In many of the above passages reference to the form now

separated as G. littoralis is included.
t+ Vide Blaine, op. cit.

ANTILOPIN 73

curve backwards, and approximating terminally, with the
tips bent upwards in a well-marked curve; in addition to
this simple curvature the middle portion of each horn is bent
outwards in a lyre-shape, so that the larger diameter of a
transverse section above is in quite a different plane to what
it is lower down, and it is in consequence of this lyrate form
that the horns, quite apart from the tips, are approximated
terminally, whereas in other species such approximation is
due solely to the incurving of the tips.* General colour pale
sandy fawn, somewhat variable in tone individually ; fore-
head and median face-stripe rufous fawn, generally withont
a nose-spot, lateral face-stripes brownish fawn; ears rather
long (about 444 inches), whitish fawn on backs; flank-band
brown, considerably darker than back; pygal band indistinct.
In a typical specimen the basal length of the skull was
63 inches, the maximum breadth 32, and the length from
muzzle to orbit 38 inches; some distinctive features of the
skull are mentioned under the heading of littoralis, Fine
horns measure from 12 to 132 inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 34 to 43.

The range includes Egypt, Abyssinia, Kordofan, Tripoli,
the Algerian Sahara, and the Lake Chad district.

A.—Gazella dorcas dorcas.

Typical locality Egypt.
Characters those given under the heading of the species.
The range co-extensive with that of the species, exclusive
of Abyssinia.

616. a-d. Four frontlets and horns. North Africa.

No history.
616, g-h. Two frontlets and horns. North Africa.

No history.
616, 7. Skull, with horns. N. Africa.

Presented by Sir J. Wilkinson.

46. 11. 20. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin (48. 8. 19. 2),

female. Kordofan. Purchased, 1846.
46. 6. 15. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Kordofan. Same history.

* Sclater and Thomas, op. cit.

74 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

50. 11. 22. 24. Skeleton. North Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.
59. 9.12. 3. Skin, mounted, immature. North Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1859..
93. 4.10. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Biskra,
Algerian Sahara. Purchased (Ward), 1893.

Fig. 16.—Heap anp Neck or Dorcas GazELuE (Gazella dorcas).
Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911.

93. 4.10.2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Same history.

95. 6. 7. 2. Skin, mounted (fg. 16). Biskra. Head

figured, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1911, p. 962.
Presented by Sir BE. G. Loder, Bart., 1895.
2.11. 4.79 and 81. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Limhersuk, Tripoli; collected by Mr. E. Dods.
Presented by J. I. 8S. Whitaker, Esq., 1902.

ANTILOPIN& 75

2. 11. 40. 80. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Koshbi, Tripoli; same collector. Same history.
5. 9. 1. 13. Skull, imperfect, with horns, and skin.
Rio de Oro, Western Sahara; collected by Herr Riggenbach.
Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1905.
7. 7. 8. 200, 209. Two skulls, with horns, and skin.
Yo, Lake Chad; collected by the Alexander-Gosling Expedi-
tion. One specimen represents an immature animal.
Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.
9.7.3.1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Forty miles
W. of Duevin, Kordofan. Presented by Lord Villiers, 1909.
The following specimen represents a gazelle with longer
limbs and less curved horns than the typical dorcas.
10. 1. 26. 1. Skin, mounted. Between Biskra and
Constantine. Presented by M. V. Hay, Esq., 1910.

B.—Gazella doreas isabella.

Gazella isabella, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, pp. 214
and 231, 1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 113, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 52, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 107, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 2338, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 591, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 5389; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim, ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 65,1887; W. DL. Sclater,
Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 157, 1891; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 116, 1892, ed. 6, p. 260, 1910; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 151, pl. lxiv, 1898; Lydekker,
Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 255, 1908; Pousargues, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901,
p- 841; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 347,
1902.

Antilope isidis, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handi, 1845, p. 267,
1847,

Gazella dorcas, Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, figs. 1, 1 a,
1870, nec Ogilby.

Gazella isabellina, Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 232, 1893.

Gazella dorcas isabella, Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi,
p. 294, 1918; Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 252, 1914.

Typical (and only) locality Abyssinia.

The Abyssinian form of the dorcas, characterised by its.
relatively large size (25 inches at shoulder), the less distinctly
lyrate, but very variable, horns, the tendency to brownish
in the general colour, and the (usually) less distinct flank-

76 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

band ; a darker nose-patch may develop in the lower part of
the rufous median face-stripe in old individuals.
412, a. Skull, with horns, and skin. Abyssinia. Type.
No history.
61. 2. 30.13. Skull, with horns. Abyssinia.
Presented by W. C. Harris, Esq., 1861.
69. 10. 24. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Amba Valley, Sambur, Abyssinia; collected during the
Abyssinian Expedition of 1869 by Dr. W. T. Blanford, and
horns figured by him, op. ev. fig. 1 a.
Presented by the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869.
69. 10. 24. 101. Skull, with horns. Komayli, near
Zula, Abyssinia; same collection. Horns figured, op. cit.

fig. 1. Same history.
73. 8. 29. 9. Skull, with horns, and (?)skeleton.
Dembelas, Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

97. 1. 5. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Anseta
Valley, Abyssinia; collected by Mr. Essler. Sir Victor
Brooke’s collection.

Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.

GAZELLA, sp. non. det.

10. 3. 12. 15. Imperfect skull, with horns. East of
Katrane Bellia, Palestine.
Presented by Douglas Carruthers, Esq., 1910.

XVII. GAZELLA LITTORALIS.

Gazella littoralis, Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 295,
1913; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 252, 1914.

(?) Gazella isabella, Muller, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xlii, p. 171,
1902.*

Typical locality Khorasot, Nubian Desert.

Rather smaller than doreas. Horns shorter than in
doreas, regularly diverging from base slightly outwards and
then curving backwards, with their tips sharply hooked
inwards at right angles, or rather less; general colour soft
reddish fawn, with a lichter flank-band, and the dark flank-

* Miller’s specimens came from the Nubian desert, the type
locality of léttoralis.

ANTILOPINE GE

band rich rufous or madder-brown ; under-parts white,
sharply divided from coloured area, as is also stripe on
buttocks ; median facial stripe deep rufous, light facial
stripes white, and dark ones blackish; a blackish nose-spot
ears long, typically 5%; inches (140 mm.), against 443 inches,
(125 mm.) in dorcas. Skull long and low, with the brain-
case flatter, and the parabola from crown to occiput less
nearly vertical than in doreas; basisphenoid more nearly
horizontal than in latter; palatal surface of maxille in
neighbourhood of palatines convex, but anteriorly running
into a median groove, and flattening out above palatine
foramina into a pair of converging flanges ; premaxille nearly
straight ; auditory bulle small; upper row of cheek-teeth
longer than in dorcas, but molars narrower.

A.—Gazella littoralis littoralis.

Typical locality Korasot, Nubian Desert.

General characters as above. Maximum width of skull
612 inches (174—in one case 167 mm.); maximum orbital
width 3% inches (77 mm.); length of upper series of cheek-
teeth 28 inches (56—in one case 53 mm.).

The range includes the Red Sea littoral from Suakin
northwards and the adjacent desert tract.

11.10. 29.6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Khorasot,
Nubian Desert. Type. Presented by W. B. Cotton, Esq., 1911.

11. 10. 29.7. Another specimen. Khor Fagada, Nubian
Desert. Same history.

11. 10. 29. 8. Skull, with horns. Khorasot.

Same history.

11. 10. 29. 9. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Atra
Rabai Hills, Nubian Desert. Same history.

129, a. Skull, with horns, and skin. Red Sea Littoral.

Purchased (Cross).

129, c. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same

region. Same history.
38. 4. 16. 19. Imperfect skull, with horns, and skin.
Same region. Purchased, 1838.

97. 12. 20. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Suakin. Presented by Major W.S. Sparkes, 1897.

78 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

97.12. 21.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakin.
Presented by Capt. C. Fleming, 1897.

10. 1. 24.1. Head, mounted. Suakin.
Presented by G. C. Whitaker, Esq., 1910.
12.12. 6.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakin.
Presented by F. M. Carleton, Esq., 1912.
12. 12. 6. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Suakin. Same history.

B.—Gazella littoralis osiris.

Gazella littoralis osiris, Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi,
p. 295, 1918.

Paler than typical race, in which respect the present
race resembles dorcas, although distinguished by presence
of a nose-spot, which is generally wanting in latter; ears
shorter than in typical race 5,5 inches (128 mm.); horns
with a bleached appearance, instead of deep black.

Typical locality Nakheila, near the junction of the
Atbara with the Nile, Upper Egypt.

4.11.3.105. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nakheila,
Upper Egypt. Type.

Presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, 1904.

4. 11. 3.104, 106. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,

female. Same locality. Same history.
4.11. 3.107. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Same locality. Same history.
4.11. 3.108. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Same
locality. Same history.

4,11. 3.109. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.
4.11. 3.110. Skin, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

AIX. GAZELLA PELZELNI.

Gazella spekei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 450; Phillips, wbid.
1885, p. 931; nec Blyth.

Gazella pelzelni, Kohl, Sitzber. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1886, Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, vol. i, p. 70, pls. iii and iv, 1886; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1891, p. 211; Sclater, ibed. 1892, pp. 100 and 102; Swayne, ibid.
1892, p. 306, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 316, 1895; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 118, 1892, ed. 6, p. 256, 1910, ed. 7,

ANTILOPINUE 79

p. 255, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 238, 18938, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 253, 1908 ; Hoyos, Zu den Aulihan, p. 178, pl. x, fig. 1;
Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Publ. vol. i, p. 119, 1897; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 133, pl. Ixii, 1898;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 77, 1910.

Gacella pelzelni, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus, (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 77, 1907.

Duero (Somali); PELZELN’s GAZELLE.

Typical locality maritime plains of northern Somaliland,
to which zone the species is restricted, being replaced by the
next in the interior.

Type in Vienna Museum.

Size medium; shoulder-height probably about 25 inches.
Horns of medium length, evenly divergent, with a slight
backward curvature, and a rather more marked forward bend
at tips; general colour brownish fawn with a rufous tinge;
forehead and median face-stripe dark fawn; no nose-spot;
lateral face-stripes short and somewhat indistinct; flank-
band rufous brown, slightly deeper in tone than back; pygal
band distinct, brown. Skull relatively narrow, with long
narrow nasals, articulating broadly with premaxille; basal
length 6%, maximum width 34, length from muzzle to orbit
37 inches. Horns measure from 114 to 14 inches in length,
with a basal girth of from 33 to 43, and a tip-to-tip interval
of 44 to 64 inches.

88. 6. 20. 9. Head-skin, in spirit. Berbera district.

Presented by E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1888.

91. 6. 20.6. Skin, mounted. Berbera district.

Presented by Herr G. Menges, 1891.

91. 7. 29. 2. Frontlet and horns. Northern Somaliland.

Presented by W. F. Sinclair, Hsq., 1891.

92.2.5.5. Skin and head-skin. Berbera district;
collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne.

Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.

94, 2.21.8. Skin and two head-skins. Same locality
and collector. Same donor, 1894.

93. 6. 30.6. Skin. Webi Shebeli Valley.

Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.

6. 5.4.15. Skin. Berbera district.

Presented by Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman, 1906.

80 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

XX. GAZELLA SPEKEI.

Gazella spekei, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 172,
1868; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, fig. 5, 1870;
Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18738, p. 543; Kohl, Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, vol. i, p. 77, pl. iii, 1886 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 210; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 158,
1891; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, pp. 100 and 118, 1897,
p. 290; Swayne, ibid. 1892, p. 306, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland,
p. 816, 1895; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 112, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 254, 1910, ed. 7, p. 258, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 234, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 844, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 251, 1908; Hoyos, Zu den Aulthan, p. 179,
pl. x, fig. 8, 1895; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. i, p. 120,
1897; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 125,
pl. lxi, 1898; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through
Abyssinia, p. 473, 1902; Drake-Brockman, Mamm. of Somali,
p- 75, 1910.

Gazella naso, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 504, pl. ii, James’
Unknown Horn of Africa, p. 268, pl. iii, 1888.

Gacella spekei, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub, vol. viii) p. 77, 1907.

DzeErRo (Somali).

Typical locality plateau of interior of Somaliland.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Nearly allied to last, but rather smaller; shoulder-height
about 23 to 24 inches. Horns more curved backwards, less
evenly divergent and more incurved at tips, general colour
pale brownish fawn; forehead and median face-stripe
brownish fawn; a distinct blackish nose-patch, in front of
which is a puffy inflatable elevation on muzzle; lateral dark
face-stripes narrow and indistinct; ears long and narrow,
whitish fawn behind; flank-band dark blackish brown,
ill-defined; pygal band indistinct. Skull with short broad
nasals, barely articulating with premaxille ; basal length 63,
maximum width 32, length from muzzle to orbit 32 inches.
Horns measure from 102 to 113 inches in length, with a
girth of from 34 to 44, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 23
to 54 inches.

The nose-hump is frequently stated to be restricted to
males, but this is not the case.

85. 11.16.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gerbatir,
Somaliland; collected by Herr G. Menges.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1885.

ANTILOPIN AL 81

85. 11.16. 2. Skin, immature female. Same locality
and collector. Same history.
86. 1. 25.8. Skin. Near Berbera.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.
91. 6. 20. 5. Skin, mounted, and skull. Near Berbera.
Presented by Herr G. Menges, 1891.
91.12.19. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wagga,
Somali Plateau. Presented by T. W. H. Clarke, Hsq., 1891.
92. 2.5.4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Near Berbera; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.
94. 2.21.9. Skin and head-skin. Fifty miles from
Berbera; same collector. Same donor, 1894.
93. 6.30.5. Skin. Webi Shebeli Valley.
Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.
96. 10. 6. 1. Skeleton and skin. Ganlibbat Range,
S.W. of Berbera. Presented by Ford G. Barclay, Esg., 1896.
4.7.2.5. Head, mounted. Somaliland.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
12, 12. 28. 68-70. Three skulls, with horns, and skins.
Somaliland. Presented by Dr. R. BE. Drake-Brockman, 1912.

XXI. GAZELLA TILONURA.

Antilope melanura, Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Cees. Leop.-Car. vol.
xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, nec Bechstein.

Gazella melanura, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss, Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Antilope tilonura, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 315, 1869, Reise
Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 101, 1877.

Gazella levipes, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 541, nec Sundevali.

Gazella tilonura, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 126, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 261, 1910, ed. 7, p. 259, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 283, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 256, 1908; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 159, pl. Ixvi, 1898; Anderson and
de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 850, 1902; Lonnberg, Novit.
Zool. vol. xxi, p. 157, 1914.

HEUGLIN’s GAZELLE.

Typical locality Bogosland, Abyssinia.

Size rather large; shoulder-height about 27 inches.
Horns, which are about equal in length to the head, or a

III. G

82 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

little longer, lyrate, parallel at their bases, then curving
outwards, and finally turned sharply inwards at the tips, so
as to form distinct hooks; general colour deep rufous sandy ;
forehead and median face-stripe scarcely more rufous than
back ; no nose-spot; lateral light face-stripes nearly obsolete
on sides of muzzle, but a large ill-defined dull whitish area
round eyes; backs of ears scarcely darker than nape; flank-
band black, narrow, and separated from white of under-parts
by a still narrower fawn band; pygal band wanting; tail
sandy at base, elsewhere black. Basal length of skull
7,8; Inches, maximum breadth 34, length from muzzle to
orbit 44 inches. Good horns measure from 10 to 11? inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 4 to 5, and a tip-to-tip
interval of from 2 to 7 inches.
The range extends southwards to Sennar and the northern
Bahr-el-Ghazal.
73. 2. 24. 8-10. Two skins, mounted. Bogosland.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.
73. 2.24.11. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality.
Same history.

73. 8.29.9. Skeleton. Abyssinia. Same history.
11. 10, 29. 1. Skull, with horns, immature. Mugatta,
Atbara Valley. Presented by W. B. Cotton, Esq., 1911.
11. 10. 29. 2. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Kituit,
Atbara Valley. Same history.
11. 10. 29. 38. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Ishaga,
Settit Valley. Same history.
11. 10. 29.4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, imma-
ture. Same locality. Same history.

XXII. GAZELLA ALBONOTATA.

Gazella albonotata, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. x, p. 480, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 5, p. 264, 1907 ; Lonnberg, Novit. Zool.
vol. xxi, p. 154, pl. vi, 1914; Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7,
p. 262, 1914.

Gazella rufifrons albonotata, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 258, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 262, 1910.

Typical locality near Kisi, on east side of the White Nile
in the Mongalla Province of the Sudan.
Type in Tring Museum.

ANTILOPIN 83

Size and general colour not yet recorded. Forehead
light rufous, becoming almost white at base of horns; lower
half of median face-stripe and muzzle black with a few
rufous hairs; lateral face-stripes white from eyes to nostrils ;
cheeks from ee gland to lip dark buff mingled with black,
the pale isabelline crown and neck, and the light rufous
mixed with white of forehead, becoming almost wholly
white between the horns. Horns spreading and backwardly
inclined, with the tips incurved, and the ridges pronounced.

The range includes the Mongalla district on the Abyssinian
side of the White Nile, extending as far south as Bor, Gondo-
koro, and Lado. Possibly this gazelle may be a northern
race of G. thomsoni.

0. 11. 7. 15. Skull, with horns, and skin. About 90 miles
east of Lado. Presented by Dr. E. Donaldson Smith, 1900.

8. 4. 2. 53. Skull, with horns, and skin. Mongalla
district, White Nile; collected by A. L. Butler, Esq.

Purchased, 1908.

XXIII. GAZELLA THOMSONTI.

Gazella thomsoni, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiv, p. 427,
1884; Thomson, Masatland, p. 536, 1885; Hunter, Willouwghby’s
Big Game of EH. Africa, p. 289, 1889; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 133, 1892, ed. 6, p. 265, 1910, ed. 7, p. 263, 1914; True,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xv, p. 478, pl. lxxvii, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 236, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 259, 1908, Suppl. p. 13,
1911; Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 534, 1898; Jackson, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 285, 1894, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 484; Scott-Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,
p. 840; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 180, 1895 ;
Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 171, pl. Ixviii, 1898 ;
Johnston, Uganda Protectorate, vol. i, p. 424, pl. facing p. 390,
1902; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 572, 1904; Lénnberg,
Sjéstedts Kilimandjaro-Merw Exped. p. 45, 1908, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 166, 1912, Novit. Zool.
vol, xxi, p. 157, 1914.

Gacella thomsoni, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.

Eudorcas thomsoni, Knottnerus-Meyer, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1910, p.106; Zukowsky, Archiv. Naturgesch. vol. xxx, p. 50, 1914.

Including :—
Gazella thomsoni nasalis, Lénnherg, Sjdstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru
Exped. p. 46,1908; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi,
2, p. 6, 1910.
G 2

84 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Eudorcas baringoénsis, p. 109, Baringo district, nakuroénsis, p. 110,
Nakuro district, biedermanni, p. 111, Shirati district, langheldi,
p. 111, Usukwma, schillingsi, p. 118, Lake Natron dastrict,
ndjiriensis, p. 115, Njiri Swamp, sabakiensis, p. 115, east bank
of same, bergeri, p. 116, Nairobi, mundorosica, p. 117, Mundo-
vost plains, wembaerensis, p. 119, Wembaré plains, manyare,
p. 120, Lake Manyara, ruwane, p. 121, Ruwana, Knottnerus-
Meyer, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1910.

Eudorcas thomsoni behni, south of Thoma, p. 61, t. dieseneri,

E. Usukuma, p. 63, t. macrocephala, Wembare Valley, p. 68,

t. marwitzi, Wembare plateau, p. 71, t. dongilanensis, Dongila

plateau, p. 74, t. arushe, Arusha, p. TT, t. bergerine, S. of

Kilimanjaro, p. 80, Zukowsky, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. lxxx, 1914.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district.

Size medium; shoulder-height about 25 inches. Horns
long, nearly double the length of the head, in form not
unlike those of G. bennetti on an enlarged scale, but little
divergent—in some cases- almost parallel—slightly curving
backwards for seven-eighths of their length, with the tips
bending a little forwards and upwards. General colour deep
sandy rufous, with the dark and light markings sharply
defined and conspicuous; forehead and median face-stripe
blackish rufous, with a black nose-spot; lateral dark face-
stripes blackish, light ones, which start from a ring round
the eyes and continue to muzzle, white, as are also lips and
chin; flank-band black, deep, and extending far forwards,
in contact below with white of under-parts; pygal band
blackish, narrow; ears rather short; tail sandy at base,
elsewhere black. Skull with short, broad, quadrangular nasals,
which articulate extensively with the straight, and superiorly
but little convex premaxille ; basal length about 7? inches,
maximum breadth 38, length from muzzle to orbit 4} inches.
Fine horns measure from 15 to 164 inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 44 to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from
2 to 112 inches.

The range includes the interior of British and German
East Africa, from Lake Rudolf at least as far south as Irangi.

84, 12.6.1. Frontlet and horns. Lilimanjaro district.
Co-type. Presented by J. Thomson, Esq., 1884.

84,12. 6. 2. Frontlet and horns. Same locality. Co-
type. Same history.
88. 12. 15. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Masailand,
S. W. Kilimanjaro. Presented by H.C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1888.

ANTILOPINA 85

91. 1, 6. 3. Skin, mounted, and skull. British East
Africa. Type of G. ¢. nasalis. The absence of the nose-
spot, upon which this supposed race was founded, does not
appear to be a constant character of the gazelles of this
district. Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1891.

94.5.4.4. Skull, with horns. Masailand.

Presented by Col. Sir F. D. Lugard, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1894.

9&8. 1. 5. 17-18. Two skulls, with horns. Machakos,

B. E. Africa. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1898.
98. 1. 5. 19-20. Two skulls, with horns, female. Same
locality. Same history.
98. 1.5. 21-24. Four skulls, with horns, 3 immature.
Athi Plains, B. E. Africa. Same history.
0. 6. 18. 1. Head, mounted, female. ‘Kai, Ilkamba,
B. E. Africa. Presented by RB. Crawshay, Esq., 1900.
4. 5. 5. 2-3, Two skulls, with horns, and skins. Nakuru,
B. E. Africa. Presented by C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1904,

4.7.2.6. Head, mounted. East Africa.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
7. 5. 28.6. Skull, with horns, female. B. E. Africa.
Presented by the Hon. Kenneth Dundas, 1907.

3. Suscenus NANGER.

Dama, Bennett, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833, nee H. Smith,
1827.

Nanger, Lataste, Actes Soc. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 297, 1885.

Matschiea, Knottnerus-Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. xxiii, pt. 1,
p. 100, 1907.

Large gazelles, with horns in both sexes, well-developed
face-markings, knee-tufts, and the white of the buttocks
intruding more or less extensively into the fawn of the back.
The range of the group includes the sandy districts of
Northern and Eastern Africa; the group being replaced in
South Africa by Antzdoreas.

The three species here recognised are distinguishable
as follows :—

A. Pygal band present (except in one race).

Horns very long, divergent, without marked
terminal hooking ...........:.cceessovcescsnssesssee nes G. granti.

86 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B, Pygal band wanting (except in one race of
soemmerring?).
a. Horns shorter, hooked inwards at tips ; Be
tail-tip black .......:.cccecece eee eee setter eee G. soemmerringt.
b. Horns still shorter, hooked forwards
and upwards at tips; tail wholly
white, or with fawn tip........:eeee G. dama.

XXIV. GAZELLA (NANGER) GRANTI.

Antilope soemmerringii (?), Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 8, nec
Cretzschmar.

Gazella granti, Brooke, Proc. Zocl. Soc. 1872, p. 601, pl. xli, 1873,
p. 550, 1878, p. 723; Sclater, ibid. 1875, p. 527, pl. lix; Pagen-
stacher, Jahrb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ii, p. 38, 1884; Johnston,
Kilimanjaro Exped. p. 394, 1886; Hunter, Walloughby’s Big
Game of EB. Africa, p. 289, 1889 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study
of Mammals, p. 842, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 104,
1892, ed. 6, p. 267, 1910, ed. 7, p. 265, 1914; True, Proc. U.S. Nat,
Mus. vol. xv, p. 473, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 236,
1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 260, 1908; Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 534, 1898 ;
Jackson, Big-Game Shooting (Badminton Lrbr.), vol. i, p. 298,
1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 453; Matschie, Sdugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 181, 1895; Donaldson Smith, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 868; A. H. Newmann, Elephant-Hunting in E.
Africa, pp. 9 and 10, 1898; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 179, pl. lxix, 1895; Powell-Cotton, Unknown
Africa, p. 578, 1904; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 240; Lénnberg, Sjéstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped.
p. 46, 1908, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 166,
1912; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Gacella granti, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub, vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.

Matschiea granti, Knottnerus-Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxiii,
pt. 1, p. 100, 1907.

Type of Matschiea.

Typical locality western Kinyenye, Ugogo, German East
Africa.

No type specimen, the species having been named on
‘the evidence of Speke’s notes and sketches.

Shoulder-height reaching at least 34 inches. Horns
longer than in any other gazelle, evenly but slightly curved
backwards, and bending somewhat forwards at tips, degree
of divergence variable, basal section elliptical; general
colour sandy fawn, with a more or less marked tendency
to rufous; forehead and median face-stripe richer fawn,
approaching rufous, with a brownish nose-spot; lateral dark

ANTILOPINA 87

face-stripes almost imperceptible, light stripes white, ex-
tending upwards above eyes to horns; flank-band variable,
in some cases distinct, in others obsolete (at least in males) ;
white of buttocks varying in extent, typically embracing

Fic. 17.—Heap oF Grant’s GAZELLE (Gazella granti).

root of tail, of which the crested tip is black. Skull, stout
and heavy; basal length in typical race about 92 inches,
maximum breadth 43, length from muzzle to orbit 52 inches.
The record horn-length (1910) is 304 inches.

The range includes East Africa, from southern Jubaland
and the Lake Rudolf district to Abyssinia, and southwards to
Ugogo.

88 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

The following “key” to the races—some of which are
only provisionally recognised, and may be based on individual
herds—is modified from one given by Heller, who regards
peterst as a distinct species :—

A. Cinnamon of back separated from tail by a broad
white rump-patch; black of tail restricted to
terminal halt.
@, A dark flanle- band vsisccccisserarsawesneenenneswduvrsters G. g. notata.
6. No dark flank-band (in male).
aw. A dark pygal band bordering rump-patch.
a*, Horns everted and wide-spread, with the
tips backwardly hooked ..............::000c0e G. g. robertst,
b?. Horns not everted or backwardly hooked.
a*, Horns diverging regularly in an ellipse,
with the tips approximated.
a‘, General colour lightish cinnamon,

horns relatively long.............:00.006+ G. g. grantt.
b'. General colour darker cinnamon,
Horns) SHOE .c); escecosamianeserdceseace G. g. roosevelt,

bo’. Horns more nearly parallel, not out-
wardly curved.

a. General colour lighter, no dark flank-
band in female ......... 2s e eee G. g. lacuum.

b. General colour darker, a dark flank-
band in female’... cee sassecesreacsee viene G. g. raineyt.

61. Pygal band to rump-patch obsolete or very
SHOFGANA NALLOW soi cades vewniencasgenseneae Gulnean css G. g. brighti.

B. Cinnamon of back dividing rump-patch so as to
extend on to upper surface of tail, of which
two-thirds may be black.
a®, Size large, backward extension of cinnamon
on to rump-patch and tail narrow; horns
large and divergent ..............scsceeseeeeeeeeeee ees G. g. serengete.
b°. Size smaller, backward extension of cinnamon
on to rump-patch and tail broad; horns
smaller and more nearly parallel ................. G. g. peters.

A.—Gazella granti granti.

Gazella granti typica, A. H. Newmann, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 255, 1899; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 267, 1910.

Gazella granti granti, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 248; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 6,
1910; Heller, ibid. vol. lxi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Typical locality western Kinyene, Ugogo.
Size relatively large (shoulder-height about 34 inches) ;

ANTILOPIN 89

general colour lightish cinnamon; white rump-patch large,
undivided by a backward continuation of the cinnamon
colour of the back, and the whole of the basal portion of the
upper surface of the tail white; lateral extension of the
rump-patch intruding largely into the body-colour, so as to
extend beyond the dark pygal band; no dark flank-band in
adult ; horns evenly diverging in an ellipsoidal curve, with
their tips somewhat approximated. Good horns measure
from 27 to 30} inches in length, with a basal girth of from
63 to 73, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 11 to 24% inches.
According to Heller, the range is restricted to the Ugogo
district of German East Africa; and if this be correct and
G. g. roosevelti a valid race, the under-mentioned British East
African specimens will have to be referred to that form.
75. 12. 29. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Mainland opposite Zanzibar.
Presented by Sir John Kirk, G.C.ALG., K.C.B., 1875.
80.11. 30. 1. Skull, with horns, and skins, immature
female. Mombasa. Same donor, 1880.
91. 1.6.2. Skin, mounted, and skull. Turquel, Suk.
Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.CM.G., C_B., 1891.
92.10. 18.15. Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Same donor, 1892.
1. 8. 9. 78. Skull, with horns, and skin. Naivasha,
B. E. Africa.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C_M.G., K.C.B., 1901.
1. 8.9. 78. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Lake
Baringo district, B. E. Africa. Same history.
7. 12.12.38. Skull. Baringo district.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
4, 2.13.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Baringo
district. Presented by Capt. C. Berry, 1904.
0. 3. 27.18. Skull, with horns, and skin. Guaso-nyiro,
north of Mt. Kenia, B. E. Africa.
Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900.
97. 3. 14. 8. Skull, with horns. Mjungu Mbaba,
Taveta, Kilimanjaro district.
Presented by W.C. Fraser, Esq., 1897.
97. 3.14.8. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.
Same history.

90 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

2.6. 15. 5. Skull, with horns. Kinjabé, Rift Valley,

B. E. Africa. Presented by C. S. Betton, Esg., 1902.
1. 4. 4. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Uganda
Railway. Presented by Rk. A. Preston, Hsq., 1901.
1. 4.4.2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same hastory.
4. 5. 5. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nakuru,
B. E. Africa. Presented by C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1904.

4. 7.12.7. Head, mounted.
Presented by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
13. 8. 2. 8. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Lorian
Swamp, B. E. Africa. Presented by I. N. Dracopolt, Esq., 1913.

B.—Gazella granti roosevelti.

Gazella granti roosevelti, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi,
no. 7, p. 4, 1913.

Typical locality Athi Plains, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

Stated to be darker in colour* than the typical race, with
smaller and less spreading horns. General colour (in type)
vinaceous-cinnamon, paler towards head and on flanks, where
it becomes pinkish buff; rump-patch continuous with a large
white basal portion of tail, and bordered in front by a broad
clove-brown pygal band; flanks with a band of light buff
bordering the broad band of pinkish buff above; outside of
legs pinkish buff like sides of body; top of head and
median line of nose cinnamou-rufous, with a large clove-
brown blotch on nose. Females and young males show a
dark flank-band and strongly marked pygal band.

According to its describer, this race occupies a consider-
able area in B. E. Africa.

98. 6. 27. 1. Head, mounted, and skull. Athi Plains.

Presented by C. Ashburnham, Esq., 1898.

N.B.—Some or all of the British East African specimens
entered under the heading of the typical race may be
referable to the present form, if really entitled to distinction.

* In the original description it is stated in one place that the
colour is darker, and in a second lighter; the former is correct.

ANTILOPINE 91

C.—Gazella granti robertsi.

Gazella granti robertsi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, vol. ii, p. 119;
O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 248; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 269, 1910, ed. 7, p. 267, 1914; Heller, Smithson.
Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Typical locality near Speke Gulf, Victoria Nyanza, in the
Usagara district of German East Africa.

Distinguished from typical race by the strong outward
curvature and divergence of the horns, of which the tips
are backwardly hooked. Good horns measure from 25 to

Fic. 18.—Skubt anp Horns or UsaGcara Rack oF GRANT’s GAZELLE
(Gazella granti robertsi).

From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903.

28 inches in length, with a tip-to-tip interval of from 18} to
2834 inches (in one instance 384 inches).

» Whether this so-called race is really anything more than
the product of a single original herd may be doubtful,
as heads have come under the writer’s observation in which
one horn was of the true granti, and the other of the roberts:
type.

3. 6.12.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near Speke
Gulf, Victoria Nyanza. Type (fig. 18).
Presented by F. Russell Roberts, Esq., 1903.

92 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

3. 6. 12. 2. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Same
locality. Sane history.
3. 6.12.3, Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.

Same history.

D.—Gazella granti lacuum.

Gazella granti lacuum, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 243; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 263, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 268, 1910; Linnberg, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak, Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 168, 1912; Heller, Smithson.
Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Typical locality near Lake Zwai (Zuay), southern
Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Dr. Neumann.

Size rather smaller and horns more nearly parallel than
in typical race, without terminal eversion; general colour
much the same as in g. granti, but rump-patch smaller ;
flank-band absent in female, when adult. ;

79. 11. 12.17. Skull, with horns. Southern Somali-
land; collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Purchased, 1879.

79. 11.12.18. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 7. 6. 13. Skull, with horns, and skin. Abyssinia.

Presented by Sir A. E. Pease, Bart., 1901.

E.—Gazella granti raineyi.

Gazella granti raineyi, Heller, Sinithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi, no. 7,
p. 6, 1913.

Typical locality Isiola Valley, northern Guaso-nyiro,
B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

A small form differing from laewwm by its darker colour*
and the presence of a dark flank-band in thefemale. Closely
resembles brightt (infra), but distinguished by general
presence of dark pygal band to rump-patch.

* The footnote to G. g. rooseveltt applies also in the case of the
present form.

ANTILOPIN A 93

13. 10. 18.174. Skull, with horns, and skin. N.W. of
Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa; collected by W. P. Lane, Esq.
Presented by G. P. Cosens, Esq., 1913.
13. 10.18. 175. Skull, with horns, and skins. Bakora
Plains, east of Mt. Lebor, Uganda; same collector.
Same history.

F.—Gazella granti brighti.

Gazella granti brighti, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805;
O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 244; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 263, 1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 268, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. lxi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Gazella granti smithi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805, errorim.

Typical locality 160 miles east of Lado.

A small pale form, with the dark pygal band obsolete or
reduced to a very short and narrow one, and no dark flank-
band ; horns relatively short and straight.

The original description is as follows :—

“ Fur exceedingly short; general colour very pale; face-
markings normal; no darker lateral bands; white projection
into body-colour on rump deep, quite surrounding tail; pygal
band short, narrow, sometimes almost obsolete; horns
comparatively short, the youthful growth-boss at their
anterior bases retained in adult life and covered with a
noticeable tuft of hair.”

The range includes the area between the upper reaches of
the White Nile and the western shore of Lake Rudolf.

0. 11. 7. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. A spot
160 miles east of Lado. Type.

Presented by Dr. BE. Donaldson Smith, 1900.
99.9.1.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. North-west
shore of Lake Rudolf. Presented by Major R. T. Bright, 1897.

G.—Gazella granti notata.

Gazella granti notata, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xx,
p. 479, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806; A. H. Neumann,
Elephant Hunting in E. Africa, p. 238, 1898; Bryden, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 360, 1899; O. Neumann, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 243; Lydekker, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 262, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed, 6, p. 268,

94 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1910; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 7,
1910; Heller, ibed. vol. lxi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Gazella notata, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii,
p. 191, 1898.

Typical locality western slope of Loroghi Mountains,
B. E. Africa.

Distinguished from preceding races by the presence of a
strongly marked dark flank-band in both sexes; the pygal
band being also well developed.

97.1. 30.2. Skin, female. Western slope of Loroghi
Mountains. Type. Presented by A. H. Newmann, Esq., 1897.

0. 3. 27. 19-20. Two skulls, with horns, and skin.
Gessina, 80 miles N.W. of Mt. Kenia, B. E. Africa.

Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900.

99.10.15.1. Skuli, with horns, and skin. Turwell
Valley, B. E. Africa, 100 miles N.E. of Mt. Elgon.

Presented by Capt. J. D. Ferguson, 1899.

99.10.15. 2. Skull, with horns. lLumian, northern
shore of Lake Rudolf. Same history.

9.6.1. 54. Skin. Boraland, southern Abyssinia.

Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake- Brockman, 1909.

11. 8. 2.57. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Same locality. Same donor, 1911.

6.11.1. 64. Skull, with horns, and skin. Waranto,
west of Lake Zwai, N. E. Africa ; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.

Presented by W. N. McMullan, Esq., 1906.

6.11. 1.65. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.

Gallo, near Lake Zwai; same collector. Same history.

H.—Gazella granti serengete.

Gazella granti serengete, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi,

no. 7, p. 5, 19138.

Typical locality Taveta, on western border of Serengeti
Plains, Kilimanjaro district, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Distinguished from all the preceding races by the dark
tint of the cinnamon, or fawn, of the back, which extends
backwards as a narrow stripe through the middle of the white
rump-patch on to the upper surface of the tail, of which
only the basal third is white, the remainder being black ;

ANTILOPIN. 95

dark pygal band well developed, but flank-band absent;
general colour cinnamon-brown. In the female (one
specimen) the fawn of the back is not produced backwards
to divide the rump-patch, and a dark flank-band is developed.

No specimen in collection.

I.—Gazella granti petersi.
Gazella granti, Peters, Monatsber. Ak. Berlin, 1879, p. 832, pl. v,

nec Brooke,

Gazella petersi, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiv,
p. 428, 1884; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 288, 1898, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899; A. H. Neumann,
Elephant-Hunting in E. Africa, pp. 9 and 10, 1898; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 187, 1898; Heller,
Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lxi, no. 7, p. 5, 1918.

Gazella granti var. gelidjiensis, Noack, Zool. Garten, vol. xxviii,
p. 277, 1887.

Gazella granti petersi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805;

oo

O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 243; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 270, 1910, ed. 7, p. 268, 1914,

SaLa (SwadILi).

Typical locality the neighbourhood of the mouth of the
Tana, East Africa.

Type the skull figured by Peters; probably in the Berlin
Museum.

Size rather smaller than in typical race (shoulder-height
about 33 inches), and colour darker than in any of the other
forms; white rump-patch relatively small, and divided
superiorly by a backward prolongation of the body-coiour
in the form of a broad band extending on to and along the
upper surface of the tail; the lateral prolongation of the
rump-patch narrower and intruding to a smaller extent into
the body-colour than in typical race, so as scarcely, if at all,
to overhang the dark pygal band. Horns shorter and less
divergent than in typical granti, and skull somewhat
smaller, with a rather narrower nasal opening. Good horns
measure from 20 to 233 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 5} to 62, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 5} to
11 inches.

The range includes the coast districts of East Africa from
Mombasa northwards to beyond the Tana,

96 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

80. 1.38.1. Skin, mounted. East Africa; collected by
Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Purchased (Gerrard), 1880.
92.10. 18.16 and 18. Two skulls, with horns. Tana
Valley, B. E. Africa.
Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.CALG., C.B., 1892.
92. 10.18.17. Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Same history.
97.12.10.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Pika-pika,
40 miles inland from Mombasa.
Presented by L. EB. Cairn, Hsq., 1897.
12. 7.2.2. Skull, with horns. Opposite Sankuri, south
bank of Tana River. Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1912.

XXV. GAZELLA (NANGER) SOEMMERRINGI.

Antilope soemmerringi, Cretzschmar, Riippell’s Reise nordl. Afrika,
Atlas, p. 49, pl. xix, 1826, Verzetchniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 38, 1842; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 462, 1829;
Riippell, Newe Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 25, 1835; Lesson, Hist. Nat.
Amm. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 40, 1838; Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 616, 1841;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak, Handl. 1842, p. 201, 1843, 1845,
p. 266, 1847; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 415, 1844, vol. v, p. 405, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 114, pl. xxxiv, fig. 205, 1845; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 408, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 7, pl. v, 1848; Giebel, Sduge-
thiere, p. 308, 1853-55; Heuglin, Petermann’s Mitthetlungen,
1861, p. 16, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 7,
1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 102, 1877; Hartmann,
Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, vol. iii, p. 254, 1868.

Gazella soemmerringi, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 215, pl. xxviii, 1885; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161,
1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 114,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1873 ;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 198, 1853; Sclater, Proc.
Zool, Soc. 1867, p. 817, pl. xxxvii, 1871, p. 701, 1892, p. 100;
Fitzinger, Sitaber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158, 1869 ;
Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 260, 1870; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1873, p. 549; Phillups, ibid. 1885, p. 293; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 137, 1887, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden Mus. (op. ett. vol. xi) p. 169, 1892; Thomas, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1891, p. 210, Ann. Mus. Genova, ser. 2, vol. xvii, p. 107,
1896; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 161, 1891;
Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 805, Seventeen Trips to Somali-

ANTILOPIN 97

land, p. 814, 1895; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 108, 1892,
ed. 6, p. 271, 1910, ed. 7, p. 269, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 236, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 266, 1908; Donaldson Smith,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 868; Hoyos, Zu den Aulihan, p. 179,
pl. x, fig. 6, 1895; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Publ. vol. i, p. 122,
1897; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 195,
pl. Ixx, 1898; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm,
p. 347, pl. lxii, 1902; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 473, 1902; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1906, p. 240; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 78, 1910.

Gacella soemmerringi, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus, (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p. 260.

Aout; SoEMMERRING’s GAZELLE.

Typical locality Tal E’ Sabb, Abyssinia.

Shoulder-height reaching to 353 inches. Horns moder-
ately long, heavily ridged, with a subcircular cross-section ;
bending outwards to a greater or less extent, and more or
less strongly hooked inwards, or inwards and forwards, at
tips. General colour uniform pale fawn, typically without
dark flank or pygal bands; forehead and median face-stripe,
as well as lateral face-stripes, black or blackish fulvous, the
latter very narrow, the black being continued on to sides of
muzzle; light stripes white; backs of ears whitish, bordered
and tipped with black ; white of buttocks occupying a broad
area, intruding far into the body-colour, and completely
cutting it off from tail, which is white at the root, with the
terminal crest black. Basal length of skull about 8% inches,
maximum breadth 44, length from muzzle to orbit 5% inches.
The maximum record horn-length (1910) is 23 inches.

The range extends from the Red Sea littoral in the
neighbourhood of Suakin through Abyssinia and Somaliland
to the Sennar district of the Sudan.

The named races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. No dark pygal band.
a. Horns shorter, much bowed outwards.
a\. Size smaller.
a®?, Colour yellowish isabella; nose
FUsty black, ..casvesrersssoaaeeeieses G. 8. soemmerringt.

Tl. H

98 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

b*. Colour darker and purer isabella;

a blackish mark on nose; horn-

tips more sharply bent in...... . Gs, erlangert.
c'. Colour still darker; nose deep

black; horn-tips less sharply

Den G Mies sicovaemaesssaugersgian rand . 8, subylle.
b*. Size larger (largest)........-...... eee G. 8. casanove.
6. Horns longer, less bowed outwards.......... G. s. berberana.
B. A narrow dark pygal band...............c eee G. s. buttert.

A.—Gazella soemmerringi soemmerringi.

Gazella soemmerringi typica, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iii, p. 197, 1898; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 266, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 278, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 271, 1914.

Gazella soemmerringi soemmerringi, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Frewnde, 1906, p. 241.

Typical locality Tal E’ Sabb, Abyssinia.

General colour pale isabella-fulvous, without dark pygal
or flank bands; horns much bowed outwards with tips
turning sharply inwards in a regular curve. Fine horns
measure from 15 to 17 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 5 to 53, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 3} to
10 inches.

1516, «. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Abyssinia; collected by Dr. Riippell. This and the other
Abyssinian specimens are practically topo-types of the species.

Purchased.

69. 2.2.15. Skull, with horns. Bogosland; collected

by W. Jesse, Esq. during the Abyssinian Expedition of 1868.
Presented by the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869.
69. 2. 2. 16. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and

collector. Same history.
73. 2. 24.7. Skin, mounted. Bogosland; collected by
Herr Essler. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

8.1.15. 2. Skull, with horns. Dinder Valley, Sudan.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1908.
4.7.2.6. Head, mounted (fig. 19). North-east Africa.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
4.11. 3.103. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Nakheila, Upper Egypt.
Presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, 1904.

ANTILOPIN.E 99

98, 2.12.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakin, Red
Sea littoral. Presented by Major W. S. Sparkes, 1898,

Fic. 19.—Hrap oF SOEBMMERRING’S GAZELLE
(Gazella soemmerringi).

B.—Gazella soemmerringi erlangeri.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi erlangeri, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 268.

Typical locality Hawash Valley, Abyssinia.
Type in Berlin Museum.
Closely allied to last, but stated to differ by darker and

purer isabella-colour, the presence of a deep blackish brown
H 3

100 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

mark on nose of old males, and the more sharply bent
horn-tips.

No specimen in collection which can be definitely referred
to this race,

C.—Gazella soemmerringi sibylle.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi sibylle, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Frewnde, 1912, p. 260.

Typical locality Singa, Sennar, in the neighbourhood of
the Blue Nile.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General colour darker than in typical race, and front of
nose deep (in place of rusty) black; slight differences in
form of horns also recorded.

46. 6. 2.79. Skin, mounted and much faded, female ;
provisionally referred to this race. Sennar.

By exchange with the Stockholm Musewm, 1846.

D.—Gazella soemmerringi casanove.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi casanove, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 265.

Typical locality northern Abyssinia.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Apparently agreeing in general horn-characters with the
preceding races, but approximating to berberana by its large
size, which is stated to be greater than in that race; neck
coloured like back, instead of differently, as in berberana.

No specimen in collection.

E.—Gazella soemmerringi berberana.

Gazella soemmerringi berberana, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1893, p. 65, 1912, p. 260; Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896,
p. 519; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 198,
1898; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abys-
sinta, p. 473, 1902; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 941; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 266, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 272, 1910, ed. 7, p. 270,
1914.

Typical locality Berbera district, Somaliland.
Type in Berlin Museum.

ANTILOPINE 101

Distinguished from typical race by larger size, darker
colour, and longer horns, which are not so broadly expanded,
and have the tips turning partly forwards as well as inwards.
Fine horns measure from 19 to 23 inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 4% to 63, and a tip-to-tip interval of
from 2 to 134 inches.

92. 2. 5. 3. Head, mounted. Near Berbera, Somali-
land; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Figured in
the Book of Antelopes, vol. ili, p. 198, fig. 82a.

Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.

94. 2.21.10. Skull, with horns, and skin. Somaliland;

collected by Col. Swayne. Same donor, 1894.
94, 2.21.11. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

91.12. 3.3. Skull, with horns. Bendap Mt., Somaliland.
Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1891
91.12. 3.4. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.
Same history.
93. 6.30.4. Skin, mounted. Shebeli Valley, Somali-
land. Same donor, 1893.
12. 10. 31. 103-4. Two pairs of horns, on the frontlets.
Purchased at Aden, and doubless imported from Somaliland.
Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1912.

13. 9. 4. 1-3. Three skulls, with horns. Somaliland.
Presented by H. Hawker, Esq., 1913.

F.—Gazella soemmerringi butteri.

Gazella soemmerringi butteri, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1904, vol. i,
p. 4; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906. p. 4;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 267, 1908; Ward, Records
of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 278, 1910, ed. 7, p. 271, 1914; Matschie,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 260.

Typical locality southward of Dana Valley, Boran-
Gallaland.

Distinguished from the typical Abyssinian form by its
inferior stature, and the presence of a distinct black pygal
band on front edge of white rump-patch; black face-bands,
especially those in the line of the eyes, strongly developed,
and a faint trace of a flank-band; hair of neck reversed
from withers to a point half-way along the nape; horns

102 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

relatively slender andlong. Basal length of skull 748 inches
(198 mm.), against about 84) inches (220 mm.) in typical
race.
4.1. 20.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South of Dana
River, Boran-Gallaland. Type.
Presented by A. E. Butter, Esq., 1904.

XXVI. GAZELLA (NANGER) DAMA.

La Nanguer, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 218, pl. xxiv, 1764.

Antilope dama, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 5, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fase. i, p. 8,
1767, fase. xii, p.18,1777; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 58, 1776 ;
Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 280, 1776; Zimmermann, Spec.
Zool. Geogr. p. 541, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 114, 1780;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 81, 1780; Hermann, Tabl. Affin.
Anim. p. 108, 1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxiv, 1785;
Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p.141, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 183, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 808, 1792;
Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 623, 1792; Link, Beytrage
Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 98, 1795; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss,
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 643, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 359,
1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 112, 1802; Cuvier,
Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 243, 1804, Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 263,
1817; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xv, p, 334, vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 458, 1822; Tiedemann,
Zoologie, vol. i, p. 408, 1808; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal.
vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 170, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 409, 1814;
Goldfuss, Schreber’s Saugthtere, vol. v, p. 1199, 1818; Schinz,
Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 394, 1821; H. Smith, Griffith's
Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 206, vol. v, p. 830, 1827; Lesson,
Mon. Mamm. p. 375, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 288, 1836,
Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 463, 1829; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1875, 1888 ; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 616, 1889; Reichenbach, Séugethiere, vol. iii, p. 115, 1845.

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) dama, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas dama, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 741,
1816.

Antilope (Dama) nanguer, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1838, p.2, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833; Gervais, Dict. Sev. Noe. Suppl.
vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm.
p. 177, 1842.

Antilope mhorr var. 8, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdiugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 410, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855.

Gazella dama, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 231,
1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 114; Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 2, 1886 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 116, 1892, ed. 6, p. 274, 1910,

ANTILOPINA 103

ed. 7, p. 272, 1914; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 209, 1898; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 844, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 268, 1908; O. Newmann,
Sttzber. Ges. Nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 238; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 398, 1907.

Gazella mohr, Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 238, 1862 ;
Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit, Mus. p. 89, 1872; Brooke, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 648.

Gazella nanguer, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt.1,
p. 158, 1869.

Nanger dama, Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 174,
1885, by inference from context.
NanGuer, or Nancer (Senegal).

Type of Dama, Bennett, and Nanger (as represented by
the Tunisian race).

Typical locality north-west Africa, probably in the
neighbourhood of Lake Chad (teste O. Neumann).

Shoulder-height from about 36 to 37 inches. Horns
comparatively short, thick, curving strongly backwards at
first, and hooked inwards and forwards at tips; no dark
flank or pygal band, and the white of the buttocks, which is
very variable in extent, including the tail, of which the
extreme tip may be fawn; general colour—which may be
restricted to neck and back—deep rufous.

The range includes the desert tracts of north-western
and northern Africa, from Senegal and Gambia to Dongola.
The four races here recognised are distinguishable as
follows :—

A. Rufous area extending over body and flanks, well
defined from white.

a, Sides of thighs white, the rufous of body not
joining that of hind-limbs.............. 0.0.8 G. d. dama.

b. Sides of thighs and legs rufous, continuous with
that of body.

a‘, Rufous area large and forward intrusion of

white of rump small ......... 0c eee G. d. mhorr.
b?. Rufous area more restricted, and forward
intrusion of white of rump greater ............ G. d. permista.

B. Rufous area mainly restricted to neck and fore ;
part of back, imperfectly defined from white ... G. d. rujficollis.

104 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

A.—Gazella dama dama.

Antilope dama var. occidentalis, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet,-Ak.
Handl. 1845, p. 266, 1847.

Gazella dama typica, Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 867, 1899; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 278,
1914,

Gazella dama dama, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 240.

Typical locality probably the neighbourhood of Lake
Chad.

Colour-pattern much the same as in next race, but white
of hind-quarters, although much less extensive than in rufi-
collis, spreading more over body, and uniting on thighs with
that of flanks, so as to cut off rufous of outer sides of limbs
from that of back. Good horns measure from 12 to 14%
inches in length, with a basal girth of from 5% to 64, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 34 to 84 inches.

The range includes Senegal, Gambia, and the Lake Chad
district.

46.10. 23.16. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gambia;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield.

Presented by the Harl of Derby, 1846.

4. 5. 21. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Chad
district. Presented by Lieut.-Col. G. S. Ellicott, 1904.

7. 7. 8. 202-4. Three skulls, with horns, and skins, one
immature. Yo, Lake Chad; collected during the Alexander-
Gosling Expedition.

Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 205-7. Three skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Same locality and collection. Same history.

B.—Gazella dama mhorr.

Antilope (Dama) mhorr, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 1, Trans.
Zool, Soc. vol. i, p. 7, pl. i, 1883; Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl.
vol. i, p. 261, 1840.

Antilope mhorr, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 87, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 41, 1836; Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 88, 1842; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 416, 1844, partim; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 166,

ANTILOPIN & 105

pl. xxxv, fig. 212, 1845; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 426,
Mon. Antilop. p. 25, pl. xxvi, 1848.

Antilope mhoks, Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 288, 1836.

Gazella mohr, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 231,
1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p- 114, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1852, Cat. Ruminants
Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108,
1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 283, 1862;
Fiizinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158,
1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 548, partim; Kohl, Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 78, 1886; Flower and Lydekker, Study
of Mammals, p. 842, 1891; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 168, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 235, 1898.

Gazella mohrr, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guinée, p. 198, 1853.

Nanger mhorr, Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeauwza, vol. xxxix, p. 297,
1885.

Gazella mhorr, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 218,
pl. Ixxii, 1898; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 35, 19138.

Gazella dama mhorr, Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 367, 1899; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 240; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 273, 1914.

Muorr.

Typical locality Wednun, near Tafilat, Mogador, southern
Morocco.

Type of Nanger.

General colour dull rufous or rufous fawn, becoming
deeper and redder anteriorly; face, cheeks, and chin white
or whitish fawn, with the forehead below horns and an
inconspicuous streak in front of each eye blackish; neck
deep rufous, with a white patch on front of throat; white of
under-parts extending rather high up on flanks and continued
across upper part of fore-leg to unite with that of chest;
white of rump including tail, and intruding in form of a
wedge into rufous area of body much as in G@. soemmerringt,
not uniting with white of under-parts across upper part of
thighs; white and rufous areas strongly demarcated; small
tail-tuft brownish or fawn.

The range is restricted to south-western Morocco.

55. 12. 24. 279. Skin, mounted. Wednun, Mogador;
collected by W. Willshire, Esq. Type. Length of horns 113,
basal girth 6, tip-to-tip interval 32 inches.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

106 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C.—Gazella dama permista.

Gazella dama permista, O. Newmann, Sitaber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 239; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 278,
1914.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General coloration very like that of mhorr, but the rufous
area more restricted, the white of rump extending forwards
along sides in the form of a wedge, so as to leave only a
narrow bridge connecting rufous of back with that of thigh ;
upper part of fore-legs wholly white, but front surface below
knees rufous; rufous dorsal area smaller than in mhor7v,
extending only halfway down sides of body; whole nasal
region white, only a faint dark (not black) streak, which may
be absent, below eye, and merely a few rufous hairs between
horns. In examples lacking the dark eye-stripe nearly the
entire head is white. Ina specimen in the Tring Museum
the horns measure 84 inches in length, with a girth of 33,
and a tip-to-tip interval of 53 inches.

No example in collection.

The specimen to which the following name has been
given may be inseparable from this race :—

Gazella mhorr reducta, Heller, Sitzber. Ges. Isis, 1906, p. 15, 1907.
Gazella dama reducta, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 271,
1908.

Founded on a menagerie specimen, without definite
locality, and stated to be intermediate between dama dama
and d. mhorr, but nearer to the latter, from which it differs
by the smaller horns, the brighter rufous and smaller extent of
the coloured area, and the nearly white head, which is fawn
only at the back and blackish at the base of the horns.

D.—Gazella dama ruficollis.

Antilope dama, Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Ak. Berlin, 1824, p. 226,
1826, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pls. iii and iv, 1827; Cretzschmar,
Riippell’s Reise nordl. Afrika, Atlas, pp. 89 & 48, pls. xiv—xvi, 1826 ;
A. Snuth, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 831, 1827, partim ;
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys., Manm. pl. vi, 1828 ;

ANTILOPIN & 107

Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 25, 1835, Verzeichniss
Mus. Senckenberg. pt. 1, p. 38, 1842; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm.
Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 18388; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handl. 1842, p. 201, 1843; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. ix, p. 408, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 424, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 25, pl. xxvi, 1848; Giebel,
Sdugethiere, p. 308, 1853-55 ; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii,
p. 103,1877 ; Hartmann, Zettschr. Ges. Hrdkunde, vol. iii, p. 253,
1868 ; nec. Pallas.

Antilope ruficollis, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 205, 1827; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 87, Anat Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868.

Antilope (Dama) addra, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 2, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 288, 1836; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 116, pl. xxxv, fig. 207,
1845.

Antilope dama var. orientalis, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handi. 1845, p. 266, 1847.

Gazella ruficollis, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 231, 1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 114, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 60, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 108, 1873; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 193,
1853; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 117, 1892; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 205, pl. Ixxi, 1898;
Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 844, 1899.

Gazella dama, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p- 158, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 347; Jentink,
Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 187, 1887,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 169, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 235, 1893; nec Antilope dama, Pallas.

Gazella dama ruficollis, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 240; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 274, 1910, ed. 7, p. 278,
1914.

Appra (Dongalese), ARIEL (in common with some of the other big
gazelles, Arabic).

Typical locality Dongola district, Eastern Sudan.

Types in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-on-Maine.

Rufous area greatly restricted, occupying only neck,
exclusive of a white gorget, and fore part of back, and
gradually shading off into white on sides and rump; a faint
rufous tinge on middle line of face, but ears and remainder
of head white. Good horns measure from 14 to 15} inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 4@ to 6, and a tip-to-
tip interval of from 3% to 153 inches.

The range includes Dongola and Sennar.

108 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

46. 6. 2.'78. Skin, mounted, female. Sennar.
By exchange with the Stockholm Museum, 1846.
48. 8. 19. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Kordofan ; collected by Parreys. Purchased, 1848.
2.3, 25. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Forty-
five miles west of Omdurman.
Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1902.

Fig. 90.—HEAD OF RED-NECKED GAZELLE
(Gazella dama ruficollis).

2.8.5.5. Skull, with horns. El Obeid, Kordofan.
Same history.
2. 6.12.1. Head, mounted (fig.'20). El Ani, 250 miles
west of Kharturn.
Presented by the Hon. Cuthbert James, 1902.

ANTILOPINAE 109

3. 2. 8. 382. Skin, mounted. Gebel Tueis, 90 miles south
of Omdurman. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1903
9. 7. 15. 1. Skull, imperfect, with horns, and skin.
Sudan; collected by Capt. 8. 5S. Flower. Purchased, 1909.

III. Genus ANTIDORCAS.

Antidorcas, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 271,
1847; Thomas and Sclater, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 53,
1897; O. Newmann, Sttzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 237;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, pp. 898 and 897.

Distinguished from Gazella by the presence of a large
evertible dorsal gland, lined with long white erectile hairs,
extending from middle of back to rump, the absence of
inguinal glands, and the presence of only two pairs of lower
premolars; the number of upper premolars being either
three or two. Neumann considers the genus, which is repre-
sented by a single South African species, nearly allied to
the large gazelles of the subgenus Nanger, and the horns—
present in both sexes—show a striking similarity to those
of Gazella soemmerringt, although shorter.

ANTIDORCAS MARSUPIALIS.

La Gazelle 4 bourse sur le dos, Allamand, Schneider’s ed. Buffon’s
Histoire Naturelle, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 142, pl. lx, 1778; Buffon,
Hist. Nat., Suppl. vol. vi, p. 180, 1782.

Antilope marsupialis, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 427,
1780; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645,
1800.

Antilope euchore, “‘Forst.,” Zimmermann, op. cit. vol. iii, p. 269,
1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxxii, p. 1787; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 844, 1801; Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii,
p. 232, 1804, Régne Animal, vol. i, p. 260, 1817; Lichtenstein,
Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 169, 1814, Darstellung. Sdugeth.
pl. vii, 1827; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 423, 1814;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Des-
marest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 185, 1816, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 455, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1189, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierretch, vol. i, p. 237, 1821,
Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 400, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 5, pl. iii,
1848; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 441, 1822;
Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i, p. 290, 1822, Lust
Quadrupeds presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825; H. Smith,
Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 208, vol. v, p. 331, 1827 ;
Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 873, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 286, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Réegne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842;
Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 72, 1882; Jardine, Naturalist’s

110 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 213, pl. xxvii, 1835; Owen, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1836, p.37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Gervais,
Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Laurillard, Dict. Univ.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 615, 1841; Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 388,
1844; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 414,
1844, vol. v, p. 407, 1855; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné,
p. 198, 1853; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 212,
1880; Hwet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 485, 1887.

Antilope saccata, Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785.

Capra pygargus, Thunberg, Rewsa, vol. ii, p. 28, 1789.

Antilope saltans, Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 812, 1792.

Antilope saltatrix, Link, Beytrdge Naturgeschichte, p. 79, 1795, nec

Boddaert.
Antilope saliens, ) Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,
Antilope dorsata, § Tabl. p. 83, 1804.

Antilope pygarga, Thurnberg, Ménv. Ac. Sct. St. Pétersb. p. 315, 1811;
Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii,

p. 688, 1868.

Cerophorus (Gazella) euchore, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas marsupialis, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 738, 1816.

Gazella euchore, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 191,
1834; Harris, Wild Animals S. Africa, pl. iii, 1840; Sundevall,
K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, pp. 201 and 243, 1848; Gray,
List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 60, 1848, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
pp. 56 and 145, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850; Turner,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 168; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 262,
1870; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 550; Drummond, Large
Game S. Africa, p. 426, 1875; Buckley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876,
p. 282; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 741; Selous, zbid. 1881, p. 755;
flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 264, 1884; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 220, 1889; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 162, 1891; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 842, 1891; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 122, 1892; Nicholls and Eglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 29, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 238,
1893.

Antidoreas euchore, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,
p. 271, 1847; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 116, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 40, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 109, 1873; Layard, Cat.
Mamm. S. African Mus. p. 67, 1861; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 238, 1862; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 171, 1863; Futzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wren, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 169, 1887, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 187, 1892; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 55, pl. li, 1897; Bryden, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 332, 1899; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 244, 1908; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa,
Mamm. p. 209, 1900; Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i,
p. 419; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 238, ed. 7, p. 275,
1914; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 19138.

ANTILOPIN & 111

Antidorcas marsupialis, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.

es ee vol. viii) p. 75, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 893.

SPRINGBOK, or SPRINGBUCK.

Typical locality Cape Colony.

Shoulder-height 31 to 32 inches. Horns sublyrate, with
the tips strongly incurved, and in general form very similar
to those of Gazclla soemmerringt, but shorter. General colour
bright rufous fawn, with a broad blackish flank-band and
indistinct pygal band; face wholly or mainly white (wholly
or partially fawn in young), with a narrow rufous streak
running from aperture of each face-gland to muzzle; crown
and middle of forehead like back; backs of ears white or
pale fawn ; hairs of dorsal gland, rump, basal portion of tail,
under-parts, and inner and hind surfaces of limbs white;
tip and crest of tail white. Good horns measure from 14 to
19} inches in length, with a basal girth of from 5 to 63,
and a tip-to-tip interval of from 32 to 20} inches.

The range includes South Africa, as far north as the
Zambesi on the east, and Mossamedes on the west.

Two races appear distinguishable :—

A. Face wholly white; eye-stripe narrow............ A, m, marsupialis.
B. Forehead in front of horns chestnut; eye-
stripe broader ...........:.:0eseeeee wae weabeeeatens A. m, centralis.

A.—Antidoreas marsupialis marsupialis.

Typical locality probably southern Cape Colony.

Face wholly white; eye-stripe narrow. Face of young,
according to W. L. Sclater, fawn in middle line and white
on sides.

618,¢. Pair of horns. Amaryllis Station, Upper Orange
River. Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

618, d. Frontlet and horns. South Africa. No history.

42. 4. 11. 1. Skin, mounted. South Africa; collected
by Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (S. African Musewm), 1842.

39,¢c. Skin, immature female. South Africa,

Purchased (Turner), about 1846.

46. 7. 2.3. Skin, mounted, immature female, and skull
(46. 10. 26. 19), with horns. South Africa.

Purchased (Turner), 1846.

112 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

46, 4, 25, 22. Frontlet and horns. South Africa.
Purchased (Argent), 1846.
46.10. 24. 2. Frontlet and horns. South Africa.
Same history.
59. 2.11.3. Skeleton. South Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1859.
89. 2. 2.5. Frontlet and horns, female. Natal.
Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.
96. 11. 28. 8. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mahemfontein,
Orange River Colony. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1896.

B.—Antidorcas marsupialis centralis, subsp. n.

Typical locality Deelfontein, Cape Colony.
Upper part of forehead in front of horns chestnut; eye-

Fic. 21—HerapD of DEELFONTEIN SPRINGBUCK
(Antidorcas marsupialis centralis).

ANTILOPINE 113

stripe broad; size apparently larger than in typical race.
Face of young wholly fawn.
2.12. 1. 34. Skin, immature, mounted. Deelfontein,
Cape Colony ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.
Presented by Lieut.-Col. A. T. Sloggett, C.M.G., 1902.
2.12.1. 35. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality

and collector. Same history.
2.12. 1. 41. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.
2.12.1.42. Head, mounted (fig. 21). Same locality and
collector. Type. Same history.
3. 1. 4. 60. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality and collector. Same donor, 1903.
3. 3.6. 25-28. Four feetuses, in spirit. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

IV. Genus LITHOCRANIUS.

Lithocranius,* Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 79, 1886; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 227, 1898; Pocock,
Proce. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 896.

Distinguished from other members of the subfamily by
the great elongation of the neck and limbs, in the latter of
which the lateral hoofs are minute, the presence of four teats,
and of a bare dark glandular area below each eye, as well
as by the structure of the feet, in which the folded inter-
ungual membrane extends only a little more than half the
distance between the “heels” and the hind edges of the
front of the hoofs. Inguinal glands wanting; three pairs of
lower premolars; skull long and low, the elongation being
particularly noticeable in the portion behind the horns, of
which the bones are extremely hard and solid; auditory
bulle low and opaque; lachrymal depressions shallow ; pre-
maxille not reaching nasals; lower jaw slight and slender.
Horns, which are present only in males, of a sublyrate
gazelle-like type, with their points curved forwards, or
forwards and upwards.

Represented by a single large Somali and East African
species.

* Litocranius in original.
IIL. I

1l4 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

LITHOCRANIUS WALLERI.

Gazella walleri, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 929, pl. lvi; Sclater,
ibid. 1884, p. 538, pl. xlix; Phillips, ibid. 1885, p. 931; Hunter,
Willoughby’s Great Game of East Africa, p. 289, 1889; Flower
and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891; Inverarity,
Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi, p. 459, 1891.

Fic, 22.—HEapD OF GERENUK (Lithocranius wailleri).

Lit({hJocranius (Gazella) walleri, Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i,
p. 79, pl. v, fig. 8 and pl. vi, fig. 1, 1886.

Lithocranius walleri, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207, Ann
Mus. Genova, ser. 2, vol. xvii, p. 107, 1896; Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1892, p. 101, 1893, pp. 101 and 118; Swayne, ibid. 1892,
p. 305, 1895, p. 305, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 312, 1895 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 184, 1892, ed. 6, p. 280, 1910, ed.7,

ANTILOPIN Ai 115

p. 278,1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 241, 1898, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 379, 1899, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 278, 1908; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i. p. 307, 1894; Matschie, Séugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 132,
1895; Hoyos, Zu den Aulihan, p. 10, 1895; Rhoads. Proc. Ac.
Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519; Elliot, Zool. Publ. Field Mus. vol. i,
p. 226, 1897, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 80, 1907; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. ili, p. 229, pl. Ixxiv, 1898; O. Newmann, Sitz. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1899, p. 21; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali.
p. 80, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 896; Lénnberg,
K. Svenska Vet,.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 170, 1912.

GERENOUK.

Typical locality Juba Valley, Jubaland, south of Italian
Somaliland,

Shoulder-height about 39 inches. General colour rich
chestnut or cinnamon rufous, sharply bounded on upper part
of flank by a lighter band, but without dark flank-band ;
median line of forehead deep rufous; a whitish ring round
eye, interrupted by a glandular area, which is blackish purple ;
backs of ears pale fawn, as are outer surfaces of limbs; tail
rufous above, whitish below, crest black; white of hams,
which is very narrow, running up by sides of tail to intrude
into body-colour. Horns thick, oval in section, closely
ridged, with the middle portion more or less lyrate, and the
tips curving forwards; good specimens measure from 14 to
17 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 5 to 53, and
a tip-to-tip interval of from 23 to 63 inches.

The two races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Size smaller, colour brighter, knee-tufts black, or
black and: DrOWis.ncsacsmsaxe sensaraessk neevaceenes wexnns DL. w. walleri.

B. Size larger, colour duller, knee-tufts brown............ L. w. sclateri.

A.—Lithoeranius walleri walleri.

Typical locality Juba Valley.

Size comparatively small, with proportionately short
horns and neck; general colour bright cinnamon-rufous ;
knee-tufts black; white of under surface forming a distinct
patch at side of root of tail.

The range extends as far southwards as the plains at the
foot of Kilimanjaro.

97. 7.29.1. Skull, with horns. Coast near Juba River ;

I 2

116 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., by whom it was given
to a Mr. Waller, after whose death it was lent by his brother,
Gerald Waller, Esq., to Sir Victor Brooke for description.
Co-type. Presented by the Rev. C. J. Scott, 1897.
82. 6. 21. 1. Pair of horns. Kismayu, East Africa ;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., ete. Purchased, 1882.

89. 8.13.14. Skin. Kilimanjaro district.
Presented by H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1889.

4.7.2.4. Head, mounted. East Africa.

Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
13. 8. 2.10. Skull, with horns. José, south central

Jubaland. Presented by I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1913.
13. 9.6.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kageri Valley,
Ankoli, Uganda. Presented by Capt. Fisher, 1913,

B.—Lithocranius walleri selateri.

Lithocranius sclateri, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1899,
p. 19; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 228,
1900; Lénnberg, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5,
p. 170, 1912 (as a subspecies).

Lithocranius walleri selateri, Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting
Trip through Abyssinia, p. 478, 1902; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 278, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 281, 1910, ed. 7, p. 279, 1914.

Typical locality northern Somaliland.

Type probably in the collection of Mr. C. G. Schillings.

Size larger than in typical race; colour less rufous;
knee-tufts brown ; white of under surface forming merely a
narrow line on side of tail. Nasals longer.

The following are the dimensions, in millimetres, of a
skull of Z. w. selatert from Berbera, and of two skulls of
L, w. walleri, respectively from Kibaya and Pangani:

L. w. sclateri. L. w. walleri.

Length of upper tooth-row....... 56 ww... 51 .. 46
» 9) premaxille..... van, OO™ een santas 57 .. 55

gi gh DASA Sieovevssneswsateatces TAS anseseested 54 .. 49

The southern limit of the range is still unknown.

79. 11.12.19. Skull, with horns. Southern Somaliland ;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G. Purchased, 1879.

85. 6.19. 6-7. Two skulls, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Purchased, 1885.

ANTILOPINA AND ORYGINA 117

85. 11. 28.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gerbatir,

near Berbera; collected by Herr J. Menges.
Purchased, 1885.

85. 11. 28. 2. Skull and skin, female. Deymote,
Somaliland ; same collector. Same history.
85. 11. 28. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Bulhar,
Somaliland; same collector. Same history.
86. 1. 25. 5-6. Two skins. Plateau south of Berbera;
same collector. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.
86. 11.9.1. Skull, female. Somaliland.
Presented by E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1886.
91. 6. 20. 3-4. Skins, male and female, mounted, and
skulls. Near Berbera; collected by Herr Menges.
Purchased, 1891.
91. 12. 19. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near
Buroa Wells, Somaliland.
Presented by T. W. H. Clarke, Esq., 1891.
92.12.6.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Fifty miles

south-west of Berbera.
Presented by Capt. J. R. Harkness, 1892.

96. 6.8.1. Skeleton, mounted. Somaliland.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1896.
9. 6.1.53. Skin. Foot-hills of Golis Range, south of

Berbera. Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1909.
10. 10. 3. 44. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper
Shebeli Valley, Somaliland. Same donor, 1910.

12. 10. 31. 101-2. Two pairs of horns, on the frontlets.
Purchased at Aden, and doubtless imported from Somaliland.
Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

13. 9. 4.4. Skull, with horns. Somaliland.
Presented by H. Hawker, Esq., 1913.

SupraMILy xv.—ORYGIN &.*

Large antelopes, with long horns, either straight, back-
wardly curved in a scimetar-like fashion, or twisted in a
corkscrew-like heteronymous spiral, which are present and of

* Equivalent to Hippotragine of The Book of Antelopes, a term

which would have to be changed if the generic name Hippotragus be
replaced ; see Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907.

118 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

approximately equal size in both sexes. Muzzle hairy; no
face-glands or inguinal glands; tail long and more or less
tufted at tip ; two pairs of teats; lateral hoofs present ; feet
constructed on the same general type as in the Caprinw
(vol. i, p. 72) with glands in both pairs, which consist of a
thick-walled, elongated sac, discharging by an orifice situated
close to summit of interungual web, or (Addaz) the whole
gland small and opening behind an excrescence from the top
of the web; face-markings, which are present in the young,
of a gazelline type, when fully developed; these, and
apparently the foot-glands, indicating some kind of relation-
ship with the Antiloping, Skull heavy, without supraorbital
pits or lachrymal depressions, and with small or no lachrymal
vacuities ; upper molars with tall subquadrangular crowns,
severally furnished with an accessory column on inner side,
and thus closely resembling those of the Bovine.

The range of the group includes the more open districts
of Ethiopian Africa, together with Mesopotamia and Arabia.

The three genera are distinguishable as follows :—
A. Hoofs normal; horns straight or sabre-like.

a. Horns arising behind eye-sockets, and sloping

backwards, at least at first, nearly in line of face. Oryz.
b. Horns arising above eye-sockets nearly vertically. Hzppotragus.

B. Hoofs low, flat, and broadly rounded in front; horns
forming a corkscrew-like spiral ..............ceeeee sees Addaz.

I. Genus ORY X.

Oryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 41, 1899; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907.

Size medium or large. Horns, which are long, cylindrical,
and ridged in their basal halves, arising behind eye-sockets and
inclined backwards, for at least their basal portion, approxi-
mately in the plane of the face, after which they either
continue in the same line, diverging gradually, or sweep
backwards in a scimetar-like curve ; tail with a long, thick
terminal tuft; direction of dorsal and nuchal hairs, in
advance of a whorl behind middle of back or on rump,
reversed. Skull relatively large, with small lachrymal
vacuities and the premaxille reaching the nasals.

ORYGINE 119

Range co-extensive with that of subfamily.
The four species are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Horns straight, or nearly so; neck coloured like body.
a. Size large; body fawn; limbs whitish, with black
markings.

a’, Throat frequently with a tuft; black nose-patch
and eye-stripes uniting below so as to form a

“head-stall” to muzzle oo... cecccceecesseseeeeeees O. gazella.
b'. No throat-tuft; mnose-patch and eye-stripes not
UNIbing DelOW pe.cecclad ops SeeGaewaciee sadsaedaatieaaen O. beisa,
b. Size smaller; body whitish ; limbs, with exception
of pasterns, DrOWN.......... eee ees ceeecueeeeeeeeneeeseenes O. leucoryx.
B. Horns sabre-shaped; neck and front of shoulders
coloured differently to DOdy..........cccceeeseee ees eeuees O. algazel.

I. ORYX GAZELLA.

Capra gazella, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12,
vol. i, p. 96, 1766; Miiller, Natursyst. vol. i, p. 412, 1773.

Antilope bezoartica, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 8, 1766; Miiller, Natur-
syst., Suppl. p. 55, 1776; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 5388, 1777; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 79, 1780; nec
Linn.

Gazella recticornis, Pallas,* Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. vol. xiii, p. 468,
1766.

Antilope recticornis, Hraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 272, 1777;
Gatterer, Brev, Zool. vol. i, p. 78, 1786.

Antilope oryx, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, pp. 16 and 61, 1777;
Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 107, 1780; Hermann,
Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 108, 1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclvii,
1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anin. p. 189, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 189, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 815, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 636, 1792;
Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Daudin, Lacé-
péede’s Buffon, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 802, 1801; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 82, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 478, 1822; Turton,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. p. 114, 1806; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii,
p. 425, 1814; Afzeliws, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219,
1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1177, 1818;
Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierretch, vol. i, p. 391, 1821, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 484, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 31, pl. xxxv, 1848;
Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 444, 1822;
Burchell, Travels in 8S. Africa, vol. ii, p. 23, 1824; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 385, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.

* «Cornu... . Gazelle recticornis, quam hodie sola....
Africa alit.” Although this has been quoted as Gazella recticornis
by Erxleben, and also by Sclater and Thomas, it does not appear
to have been intended as a technical name, any more than does
“Gazelle... . Indice” in a later passage.

120 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

p. 478, 1829; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 71, 1832; Riippell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 16, 1835; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Wagner,
Sdugethiere, vol. v, p. 1177, 1836, Schreber’s Saugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 476, 1844, vol. v, p. 436, 1855; Waterhouse, Cat.
Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1838; Oken, Allgemeine Natur-
geschichte, vol. vii, p. 189, 1838; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist.
Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 121, pl. xxxv, 1845; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 294, 1853-55 ;
Fluet. Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 483, 1887.

Antilope pasan, Daudin, Lacépéde’s Buffon, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799.

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 155, 1814.

Cemas pasan, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt.2, p.741, 1816.

Cerophorus (Oryx) oryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75.

Onyx onyx, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 807, 1821, misprint
for Oryx oryx.

Oryx oryx, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 204, 1835 ;
Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus, (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 185, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166,
1892; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 102;
Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896.

Oryx capensis, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 187; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 187, 18384; Harris, Wild
Animals 8. Africa, p. 38, pl. ix, 1840; Sundevall, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 207, 1847; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869; Buckley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1876, p. 289, 1877, p. 455; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth.
vol. iii, p. 288, 1880; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 292, 1889.

Oryx gazella, Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156, 1848, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 134, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 7, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit.
Mus. p. 105, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 240, 1862; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1872, p. 604; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 426, 1875 ;
Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 755, A Hunter’s Wanderings in
S, Africa, p. 212, 1881; Bocage, J. Sct. Lisboa, ser. 2, vol. v,
p. 26, 1890; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 155,
1891, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 225, 1900; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 148, 1892, ed. 6, p. 290, 1910, ed. 7, p. 288, 1914; Nicolls
and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 42, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 246, 1898, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 382, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 280, 1908;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 57, pl. lxxxii,
1899; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 245;
Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii)
p. 88, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907; Roberts,
Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

GEMSBOK ; GEMSBUCK.
Type of genus.
Typical Jocality some part of the desert districts of

ORYGINA 121

south-western Africa, from Bechuanaland northwards to
. Mossamedes, which constitutes the range of the species.

The largest species; shoulder-height about 48 inches.
Horns long and straight. General colour greyish tawny ;
head whitish with a black frontal patch, nasal patch, and
eye-stripe, the two latter of which unite to form a girdle
round muzzle, and also join a cheek-stripe, which, after
junction with its fellow, is continued downwards as a black
throat-stripe ; muzzle, chin, and lips white; tips and adjacent
part of margins of ears black; black hairs of throat-stripe
forming a fringe, frequently elongated into a tuft about
half-way down; nape with a blackish mane, continued as a
black line along back to rump, which is black or suffused
with black above, the black extending on to the tail and
embracing the whole of its terminal tuft; from black area of
chest a broad black flank-stripe is continued backwards to
lower part of thighs, where it expands into a patch embracing
outer sides of legs as far down as hocks, and thence extending
to inner side; outer and inner sides of fore-legs black from
shoulders to knees, although there may be some white on
inner surface; shanks white with a black spot on front
surface of anterior pair, and a similar spot or streak on that
of hind pair; under-parts white. Basal length of skull
about 143 inches. Fine horns measure from 43 to 474
inches in length, with a basal girth of from 6} to 8}, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 173 to 332 inches.

637, a. Single horn. 8. Africa.
Old collection, no history.

39. 12. 26. 2-3. Twoheads, mounted. 58. Africa. (Nos.

637, b and ¢ of Cat. Osteol.) Purchased (Stevens), 1839.
46. 6.1.2. Skull, with horns. S. Africa. (No. 637, h,
Cat. Osteol.): Purchased (Stevens), 1846.
48. 6. 28.3. Skull, with horns. 8. Africa. (No. 637, ¢,
Cat. Osteol.) Purchased (Stevens), 1846.
55. 11. 26.13. Skin, immature. From an animal born
in Paris. Purchased (Parzudakz), 1855.
57. 7.10.26. Skin, immature. 8. Africa; collected by
Verreaux. Purchased (Baker), 1857.

61.12. 3.2. Frontlet and horns. Algoa Bay.
Presented by C. Wemys, Esq., 1861.

122 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

81. 7. 27.1. Frontlet and horns. Botlitli Valley, Ma-
shonaland ; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1881.
85. 6. 29.1. Skin, mounted. Metri Butluka, north of
Bamangwato, Mashonaland; same collector. Purchased, 1885.
85, 6. 29. 2. Skin, mounted, female. Koung Nara;.
same collector. Sane history.

II. ORYX BEISA.

Antilope beisa, Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 14, pl. v, 1885 ;
Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1392, 18388; Laur-
ilard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841; Wagner,
Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 477, 1844, vol. v, p. 436,
1855; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 123, pl. xxxviii, 1845 ;
Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 486, 1845, Mon. Anttilop. p. 33,
pl. xxxvii, 1848; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 71,
1887.

Oryx beisa, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 207,
1846; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 1384, Knowsley Menagerie,
p. 17, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 106, 1852, Cat. Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 85, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 104, 1873; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx,
pt. 2, p. 17, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 111, 1877;
Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869 ;
Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 262, 1870; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1872, p. 604, 1874, p. 323, 1875, p. 633, 1881, p. 626, pl. liv, 1892,
p. 102; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 231, 1880;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 262, 1884 ; Phillips, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 981; W. L. Sclater,
Cat. Mamm, Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 155, 1891; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 848, 1891; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 207; Swayne, ibid. 1892, p. 300, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland,
p. 298, 1895; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 146, 1892, ed. 6, p. 293,
1910, ed. 7, p. 291, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 247,
1903, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 284, 1908, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus.
p. 42, 1918; Matschie, Setzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 103;
Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519; Pousargues, Ann.
Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol, iv, p. 181, 1896; Elliot, Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. i, p. 180, 1895, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field
Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 83, 1907; A. H. Newmann, Elephant-
Hunting in E, Africa, p. 368, 1898; Sclater and Thomas, Book
of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 65, pl. Ixxxiv, 1899; O. Neumann,
Sitaber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 99; Rothschild, Powell-
Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902; Renshaw,
Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 128, 1904; Powell-Cotton, Unknown
Africa, p. 574,1904; Gillett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 157;
Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. x, p. 162, 1908;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somalz. p. 89, 1910.

Oryx biessa, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 2382, 1846.

ORYGINE 123

>

BEIsa.

Typical locality Red Sea littoral west of Massowa.

Size smaller than in last —shoulder-height about 26 inches
—and horns shorter, general colour tawny ; face-markings of
the same kind of type, but the nose-patch narrower and not
uniting with the shorter eye-stripes to girdle the muzzle ; also
less black on under side of lower jaw; no fringe or tuft on
throat; dorsal stripe more distinct, extending nearly to
middle of rump; flank-stripe narrower and not extending
on to thighs; fore-legs with a black garter above knees and
a streak on front of shanks; elsewhere white, as are practi-
cally the entire hind-legs. Good horns (other than those of
O. b. callotis) measure from 35 to 39 inches in length, with a
girth of from 5 to 74, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 7 to
15 inches.

The range extends from the African shore of the Red Sea.
in the neighbourhood of Suakin, southwards to Danakil, and
thence through Somaliland to British and German East
Africa as far as Kilimanjaro.

The following races have been distinguished :—

A. Ears not tufted; head-markings as above.
a. Colour tawny; limbs white; flank-band
relatively broad ; head-markings as above O. beisa beisa.
b. Colour deeper and redder; legs suffused

with reddish or brownish .................0068 O. beisa gallarum.
ce. Flank-band narrower; head - markings
approximating to those of next race....... O. beisa annectens.

B. Ears tufted; black eye-stripe frequently con-
tinued downwards to lower jaw, and thence
backwards to unite with throat-stripe ...... O.~ beisa callotis.

A.—Oryx beisa beisa.

Oryx beisa typica, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 292, 1914.

Typical locality Red Sea littoral west of Massowa.

Ears not tufted; general colour pure tawny; face-
markings as described above; flank-band medium; legs
more or less nearly pure white.

71. 11. 29.7. Skin, mounted. Abyssinia.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

124 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

79.11.12.13. Skull, with horns. Juba Valley, Juba-
land; collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.
Purchased, 1879.
91.7. 29.1. Frontlet and horns. Somaliland.
Presented by W. F. Sinclair, Esq., 1891.
91.12. 3.1. Skull, with horns. Bondap Range, Somali-
land. Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.CLB., 1891.
91.12.38. 2. Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Same history.
93. 6. 30. 3. Skin, mounted. Shebeli Valley, Somaliland.
Same donor, 1893.
94, 2. 21. 3-4. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Haud Plateau, Somaliland ; collected by Lieut.-Col.
H. G. C. Swayne. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1894.
1.7. 6.15. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Danakil,
east of Hawash, Abyssinia.
Presented by Sir A. E. Pease, Bart., 1901.
98. 7.2.16. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. N. E.
Africa. Presented by H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.
4.7.2.9. Head, mounted. Same locality.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.
7. 12. 12. 4-5. Two skulls, with horns. Southern
Abyssinia. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
6. 5. 4. 13. Skin. Khansa Mt., near Odwein Wells,
Somaliland. Presented by Dr. R. BE. Drake-Brockman, 1906.
6. 5. 4. 16. Skin, female. Guban, 25 miles east of

Berbera. Same history.
12. 10. 31. 90-93. Four frontlets, with horns. Somali-
land. Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1912.

13. 8. 2. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. José,
central south Jubaland.
Presented by I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1915.

B.—Oryx beisa gallarum.

Oryx beisa gallarum, O. Newmann, Siteber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902,
p. 99; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 284, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293, 1910; Hollister, Smithson.
Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 8, 1910.

Typical locality Orte Balinga, Modjo, southern Ennia-
Gallaland.

ORYGINA 125

Type apparently in collection of describer.

Distinguished from typical race by deeper and redder
general colour, and the presence of a reddish or brownish
wash on limbs. The hoofs are also stated to be larger, and
there may be a slight difference in the horns.

No specimen in the collection.

C.—Oryx beisa annectens.
Oryx annectens, Hollister, Smithson. Misc, Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2,
p. 7, 1910.

Oryx beisa annectens, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293,
1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 14, 1911; Lénnberg, K.
Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl, vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 173, 1912.

Typical locality Laikipia Plateau, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

Distinguished from typical race by the narrower dark
flank-stripe and the approximation of the head-markings to
those of the next race, as well as by the larger upper molars ;
skull small and narrow in front of orbits, with the tips of the
premaxillee truncated.

10. 1. 13. 2. Head-skin, provisionally identified with
this race. Kedong Valley, B. E. Africa.

Presented by Major G. E. Tuson, 1910.

D.—Oryx beisa callotis.

Oryx beisa, Hunter, Willoughby’s Big Game of E. Africa, p. 289.

Oryx callotis, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 195, pl. xv; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 149, 1892; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
vol. xv, p. 470, pl. Ixxxvi, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 248, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382, 1908;
Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 5384, 1893; Matschie, Sitaber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 103, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika,
p. 185, 1895; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i, p. 298, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454; Pousargues,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 78, 1899; O. Newmann,
Sttzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1900, p. 561, 1902, p. 100; Hollister,
Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 8, 1910.

Oryx beisa caliotis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 285, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 298, 1910, ed. 7, p. 293,
1914.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district, German East Africa.
General colour richer and ruddier than in the typical beisa ;

126 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

black eye-stripe frequently continued downwards to the
lower jaw and thence backwards to join the throat-stripe ;
frontal patch and nose-patch sometimes isolated, in other
cases united by a narrow line, as in typical race; no black
on front of shanks of fore-legs; ears surmounted by long
tufts of black hair; dorsal hair-whorl a little behind middle
of back, instead of on rump; skull broad in front of orbits,
with tips of premaxille pointed, and molars very large ;
horns relatively short. Good horns measure from 30 to 33}
inches in length, with a girth of from 53 to 5%, and a
tip-to-tip interval ranging from 6 to 144 inches.
The-range includes British East Africa south of the
Tana, and the interior of German East Africa.
92. 3.19. 4. Head, mounted. Kilimanjaro district. Type.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1892.
2. 8. 14. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Athi

Plains, B. E. Africa. Presented by Mrs. Bellew, 1902.
2. 8. 14. 2. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Same locality. Same history.

UI. ORYX ALGAZEL.

Antilope gazella, Pallas, Spictl. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 17, 1777; Kerr,
Innn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 316, 1792; Daudin, Lacépéde’s
Buffon, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss.
Tiuere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat.
vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogve, vol. ii, p. 475, 1822;
Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1182, 1819; Schenz,
Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 894, 1821; Desmoulins, Dict. Class.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 444, 1822; Savi, Isis, 1832, p. 499; Riippell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 16, 1835; Oken, Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 13896, 18388; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat.
Manun., Index, p. 5, 1842; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere,
Suppl. vol. iv, p. 481, 1844; Schinz, Synop. Mam. vol. ii,
p. 487, 1845; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 295, 1853-1855 ; nec Capra
gazella, Linn.

Cerophorus (Oryx) gazella, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75.

Cemas algazel, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 741,
1816, partim, ex ‘‘ Algazel,” Buffon, Hist, Nat. vol. xii, pp. 211
and 272, pls. xxxiii, figs. 1 and 2, 1764.

Antilope tao, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 189,
vol. v, p. 827, 1827; A. Smith, 8S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 187, 1834; Schinz, Synop. Mammv, vol. ii, p. 425, 1845.

Antilope (Oryx) bezoastica, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 191, vol. v, p. 827, 1827, misprint for bezoartica ;. nec
Pallas.

ORYGINA 127

Antilope leucoryx, Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Stugeth. pl. i, 1827;
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys., Decas ii, pl. iii, 1828 ;
J.B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 478, 1829 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 638, 1868; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1888; Oken, Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1894, 1838; Laurillard, Dict. Univ.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1841; Reichenbach, Siéiugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 120, pl. xxxviii, 1845; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 434,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 32, pl. xxxvi, 1848; nec Pallas.

Antilope ensicornis, Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys. vol. i,
p. 1, 1832, as a race of A. leucoryx.

Antilope algazella, Riippell, Newe Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 26, 1835.

Antilope bezoartria, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 203,
pl. xxiv, 1835.

Oryx leucoryx, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, p. 201,
1848, 1844, p. 206, 1846; Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156,
1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 134, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 86, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873; Barth.
Reisen Nord-u. Central-Afrika, vol. i, p. 589, 1857; Wolf,
Zoological Sketches, vol. i, pl. xxiii, 1861, vol. ii, pl. xix, 1868;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18638, p. 230, 1873, p. 604; Futzinger,
Sitaber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Brehm,
Thierleben, Saugethiere, vol. iii, p. 231, 1880 ; Flower and Garson,
Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 261, 1884; Jentink,
Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166, 1892; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 156, 1891; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 344, 1891; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 148, 1892, ed. 6, p. 298, 1910 ; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 288, 1908; Matschie, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898, p. 104; Pouwsargues, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896; Johnston, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898,
p. 3852; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 48,
pl. lxxxi, 1899; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm.
p. 852, 1902; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 144, 1907 ;
Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. x, p. 160, 1908; Gazt-
lard, Rev. Ethnogr. et Sociol. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 12.

Antilope bezoartica, Reichenbach, Saugethiere, vol. iii, p. 120,
pl. xxxvii, 1845.

Antilope ensicornis, var. nubica and senegalensis, Wagner, Schreber’s
Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 479, 1844, vol. v, p. 487, 1855.
Oryx bezoarticus, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i,

p. 178, 1869.

Oryx algazel, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. ii, p. 8300; Eliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 83,
1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 909; Ward’s Records of
Big Game, ed. 7, p. 296, 1914.

Oryx, or WHITE Onyx.

Typical locality Western Sahara.
Size medium—shoulder-height about 40 inches. Horns

128 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

bending backwards in a bold sabre-like sweep; general colour
yellowish or reddish white, frequently with more or fewer
blotches of pale brown; neck and shoulders above upper
part of legs bright chestnut, that tint being continued as a
dorsal stripe, and also forming a wash on hind-quarters and
root of tail; head whitish, with a greyish brown patch on
nose and another on forehead, connected by an ill-defined
brownish line, and also an eye-stripe; hind part of cheeks
coloured like neck; ears dirty white; a faint flank-stripe
rather darker than back ; mane brown; legs whitish, with a
suffusion of brown in front spreading downwards frum
shoulders and thighs; dorsal hairs reversed from rump ; tail-
tuft black. Basal length of skull about 13 inches. Fine
horns measure from 39 to 45 inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 4% to 74, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 83 to
163 inches.

The range includes the desert regions of northern Africa
extending as far south as Senegambia and some distance
north of Khartum, but not comprising Syria.

A.—Oryx algazel algazel.

The typical western form of the species.
Typical locality Western Sudan.
Of the undermentioned species, some of those with no
definite locality may be referable to the eastern form.
638, a. Skull, imperfect, with horns. North Africa.
Old collection—no history.
638, bande. Two single horns; the former not forth-
coming. North Africa. No history.
638, e. Pair of horns. North Africa. No history.
638, ¢. Skeleton, mounted. North Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society).
0. 3. 24.1. Single horn. Sokoto, Nigeria ; collected by
E. B. Macnaughten, Esq.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1900.

ORYGINA 129

B.

Oryx algazel dammah.

Antilope dammah, Cretzschmar, Riippell’s Reise nordl. Afrika,
Allas, p. 22, 1826; Riippell, J. B. Fischer's Synop. Mamm. p. 475,
1829.

Oryx algazel dammah, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 800.

Typical locality probably Kordofan, E. Sudan.

Thomas assumes the eastern representative of the species
to be racially distinct from the typical western form, but no
evidence appears to be forthcoming to show whether this is
really the case.

46. 6. 25. 63. Skin, and skull and horns. Sennar;
collected by Parreys. Purchased, 1846.

3. 2. 8. 39. Skin, mounted, and skull. Kordofan.
Noticed by Thomas, Joe. cit.

Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1903.

IV. ORYX LEUCORYX.

Gazella Indice cornu singulare, Pallas, Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. vol.
xiii, p. 470, pl. x, fig. 5, 1769.

Antilope leucoryx, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. vol. xii, p.17,1777; Hermann,
Tabl. Affin. Anim. p.108, 1783; Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte,
vol. ii, p. 108, 1780, vol. iii, p. 269, 1783; Schreber, Sdéugthiere,
pl. celvi B, 1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 189, 1785;
Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 190, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s
Anim. Kingdom, p. 317, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i,
p. 639, 1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795;
Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p.*641, 1800;
Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 359, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 115, 1806; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.
vol. xvii, p. 182, 1803, vol. xxiv, tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 474, 1822; Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 237, 1804,
Régne Anim. vol. i, p. 262, 1817; Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. 1,
p. 408, 1808 ; Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sct. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 313,
1811; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 425, 1814; Afzeliws,
Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s
Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1180, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich,
vol. i, p. 391, 1821; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 444, 1822; H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p- 186, vol. v, p. 326, 1827; Riippell, Newe Wirbelth. Abyssin.
p. 16, 18385; Pearson, Journ, Astat. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix, p. 519,

1840.

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi,
p. 156, 1814.

Cemas oryx, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 734,
1816.

IIT, K

130 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Cerophorus (Oryx) leucoryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Oryx leucoryx, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 204,
1835; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, vol. i, p. 300; Pocock,
ibid. 1910, p. 908; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 293,
1914.

Antilope ensicornmis var. asiatica, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere,
Suppl. vol. v, p. 487, 1855.

Oryx leucoryx pallasi, Fitzinger. Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 178, 1869.

Oryx beatrix, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 157, pl. lv, Cat. Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 36, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 112, 1873; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 608, 1881, p. 819;
St. John, ibid. 1874, p.95; W.L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.
pt. ii, p. 156, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals,
p. 344, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 148, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 298, 1910; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great
and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 204,1901; Matschie, Sitzber,
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898, p. 104; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 541; Powsargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131,
1896; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 51,
pl. Ixxxii, 1899; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 136, 1907 ;
Carruthers, Field, vol. exiv, p. 122, 1909.

Antilope beatrix, Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. ix, p. 61, 1887.

BEATRIX, or ARABIAN, ORYX.

Typical locality probably Arabia.

The smallest member of the group; shoulder-height
about 35 inches. Horns nearly straight, relatively long;
general colour dirty white, slightly darker on haunches; face
with a frontal and a nasal brown patch, which may be united
by a narrow line, and a similarly coloured eye-stripe expand-
ing below to form, with its fellow and a throat-stripe, a
patch on lower jaw, and continued as a line down throat as
far as chest, which is also brown; ears, mane, and tail
(except black tuft) whitish. Legs, from shoulders and thighs
to pasterns (which are white), deep brown; a faint brownish
flank-stripe; hair of back reversed from rump. Horns
measure from 22 to 274 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 4 to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 94 to
12 inches.

The range extends from Southern Arabia to Mesopo-
tamia.

57. 6. 26. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. From an
animal presented by Capt. J. Sheppard to the Zoological

ORYGIN& 131

Society, and probably obtained from the shores of the
Persian Gulf. Type of 0. beatriz.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1857.
72.11.18. 1. Skin, mounted, and skeleton. From an
animal obtained by Col. Pelly, then British Resident at
Bushire, Persian Gulf, and presented by J. Gwyn Jeffreys,
Esq., to the Zoological Society.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1872.
90.12. 20.1. Skeleton, with horns, immature female.
Head of Persian Gulf; collected by B. T. Ffinch, Esq.
Purchased, 1890.
94. 3. 9. 10. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Adam, Oman, 8S. Arabia.
Presented by Licut.-Col. A. 8S. G. Jayakar, 1894.
97. 1.14.10. Skeleton, horns, and skin. Same locality.
Same donor, 189°.
7. 10. 23.1. Skin, mounted. Mesopotamian Desert.
Presented by P. B. Vander Byl, Esq., 1907.

II. Genus HIPPOTRAGUS.

Egocerus, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 475, 1822, nec Aigoceros,
Pallas.

Aigocerus, Hamilton Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v,
p. 824, 1827, nec Aigoceros, Pallas.

Ozanna, Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 126, 1845.

Hippotragus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 196,
1846; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 8,
1899; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 909.

Size large; general form taller and more slender than in
preceding genus. Horns medium or very long, heavily
ridged, cylindrical or compressed, and rising nearly vertically
above eye-sockets, so as to form an obtuse angle with plane
of face, after which they sweep backwards in a_ bold,
scimetar-like curve, with a comparatively shght but regular
divergence; glandular tufts of white hairs below eyes.
Skull closely resembling that of Oryx in general characters,
but the lachrymal fissures frequently obliterated.

The range comprises the greater portion of Ethiopian
Africa, exclusive of the equatorial forest-zone.

kK 2

132 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

The three species are distinguishable as follows :—

A. No dark face-markings .........ccccceseeeeeee eee ee cena H, leucopheus.
B. Face with dark markings.

a. General colour greyish or rufous brown............ A, equinus.

b. General colour black 0.0... cece cece ences A niger.

I, HIPPOTRAGUS LEUCOPHAUS.

Blue Antelope, Pennant, Quadrupeds, p. 66, 1781.
La Gazelle Tzeiran, Buffon, Nat. Hist. vol. vi, p. 168, pl. xx, 1782.

Antilope leucophea, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 4, 1766, Sprcil. Zool.
fasc. i, p. 6, 1767, fase. xii, p. 12, 1777; EHraleben, Syst. Regn.
Anim. p. 271, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 545,
1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 106, 1780; Gatterer, Brev.
Zool, vol. i, p. 78, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxxviii, 1784 ;
Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 139, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst.
Nat. vol. i, p. 182, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 306,
1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, p. 609, 1792; Link, Beytrage
Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Daudin, Lacépéde’s Buffon,
vol. xiv, p. 188, 1799; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Threre,
vol. ii, p. 641, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 355, 1801 ;
Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol.i, p. 111, 1802; Desmarest, Nouv.
Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 52, 1804; Cuvier, Dict. Ser. Nat.
vol. ii, p. 204, 1804, Régne Anim. vol.i, p. 262,1817; Tredemann,
Zoologre, vol.i, p. 408, 1808 ; Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sci. St. Pétersd.
vol. iii, p. 8318, 1811; Lichtenstein, Reise, vol. i, p. 265, vol. ii,
p. 121, 1811-12; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 416, 1814;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219, 1815; Goldfuss,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1183, 1818; Gray, Med. Repos.
vol. xv, p. 807, 1821; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 394,
1821, Synop. Afamm. vol. ii, p. 440, 1845 ; Desmoulins, Dict. Class.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 176, vol. v, p. 324, 1827; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 386, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 479,
1829; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 68, 1832; Owen, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 88, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 634, 1868;
Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 1396, 1838; Laurillard,
Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1841; Temminck, Esquiss.
Zool. Guiné, p. 192, 1853; Gurebel, Saugethiere, p. 295, 1853-55.

Antilope capensis, Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 52, 1776.

Capra leucophea, Thunberg, Resa, vol. ii, p. 127, 1789, Engl. trans.
vol. ii, p. 118, 1793.

Antilope (Bubalis) leucophea, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol, vi, p. 159, 1814.

Cerophorus (Oryx) leucopheus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas glaucus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, Zool.
p. 740, 1816.

Antilope (Egocerus) leucopheus, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii,
p. 475, 1822.

ORYGINA 133

Antilope (Aigocerus) leucopheus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal King-
dom, vol. v, p. 824, 1877.

Aigocerus leucopheus, A. Smith, 8S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p- 185, 1834; Gray, Knowsley Menagerte, p.16, 1850; Fitzinger,
Sutzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 488, 1887; Jentink, Cat.
Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Cat.
Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166, 1892.

Antilope glauca, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 391, 1844.

Hippotragus leucopheus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1844, p. 197, 1846; Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 83,
1886; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 290, 1899, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 417, 1899; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 245, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 397, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 301, 1908; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 5, pl. Ixxvi, 1899; W. L. Sclater,
Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 215, 1900; Rothschild,
Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902;
Renshaw, Zoologist, ser. 4, vol. v, p. 441, pl. iii, 1901, Nat. Hist.
Essays, p. 39, 1904.

BLAAUWBOK.

Typical locality, Swellendam district, Cape Colony, to
which the species appears to have been restricted. Exter-
minated about 1799 or 1800.

Type of Egocerus, Aigocerus, and Huppotragus.

Type in Leyden Museum. .

Smallest of the group, the shoulder-height being about
45 inches in males and 40 in females. Horns relatively
short; general colour bluish grey, with the forehead rufous
brown, and upper lip and a tuft in front of eyes lighter than
general colour ; ears relatively short, not tufted; mane short,
inclined forwards; throat-fringe almost wanting; under-
parts dirty white; shanks with an inconspicuous dark line
in front; tail-tuft greyish. In the type specimen the horns
measure 242 inches in length; those of the Paris example
carry 28 ridges.

636, e. Frontlet and horns, provisionally referred to this
species. South Africa. Figured in The Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 11, fig. 8. Old collection—no history.

154+ CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Il. HIPPOTRAGUS EQUINUS.

Antilope equina, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, p. 4, and
Tabl. p. 32, 1864, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 476, 1822; Cuvier,
Reéegne Anim. vol. i, p. 263, 1817; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich,
vol. i, p. 394, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 441, 1845, Mon.
Antilop. p. 87, pl. xlii, 1848; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 446, 1822; Burchell, List Quadrupeds presented to Brit.
Mus. p. 8, 1825; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 177, vol. v, p. 824, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 887, 1827 ;
J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 480, 1829; Smuts, Enum.
Mamm. Cap. p. 69, 1832; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 38, 1868; Goldfuss, Schreber’s
Sdugthtere, vol. iv, p. 1186, 1886; A. Smith, Cat. S. African
Mus. p. 11, 1887; Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p- 618, 1841; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 492, 1844, vol. v, p. 485, 1855.

Capra ethiopica, Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 402, 1812,
based on the ‘‘ Tackhaitse ” of Daniell’s African Scenery, no. 24,
1804-8.

Capra jubata, Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, pl. ccelxxxvii,
C. 1824.

Antilope barbata, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 180, vol. v, p. 825, 1827; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 70,
1832; Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 199,
pl. xxiii, 1835; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 388, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 364, 1868.

Antilope aurita, Burchell, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 825, 1827.

Antilope truteri, J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 478, 1829.

Aigoceros barbata, A. Smith, S. African Quart, Journ. vol. ii, p. 186,
1834.

Aigoceros equinus, A. Smith, op. cit. p. 185, 1834; Harris, Wild
Sports S. Africa, p. 379, 1839, Portraits Wild Anim. S. Africa,
p. 92, pl. xviii, 1840; A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
pl. xxvii, 1840; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 132, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 16, 1850; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
p. 169, 1863; Futzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus.
Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 166, 1892.

AZgoceros leucopheus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 158, 1843,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, List Osteol.
Brit. Mus. pp. 58 and 145, 1847, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 102,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 84, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 103, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm.
Brit, Mus. p. 239, 1862; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus.
Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. ix, p. 173,
1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 166,
1892; nec Antilope leucophwa, Pallas.

Hippotragus equinus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 197, 1846; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 217, 1893, p. 728;
Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 288; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol.
Mus. Ki. Coil. Surg. pt. ii, p. 262, 1884; Kohl. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, vol. i, p. 85, 1886; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.

ORYGIN.E 135

pb. il, p. 156, 1891, Fawna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 217, 1900 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 348, 1891; Nicolls
and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 51, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 243, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 897, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 295, 1908; Lorenz, Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894; Rendall, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 362; Millais, A Breath from the Veldt, p. 127, 1896;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 181, 1896, ed. 6, p. 286, 1910,

"ed. 7, p. 285, 1914; Kirby, Haunts of Wild Game, p. 548, 1896 ;
Johnston, British Central Africa, p. 318, 1897; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 18, pls. xxvii and lxxviii,
1899 ; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 406, 1899;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia,
p. 475, 1902; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 60,1904; Alexander,
From Niger to Nile, p. 393, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p- 910; Letcher, Big Game N. EH. Rhodesia, p. 210, 1911;
Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1918.

Hippotragus leucopheus, Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 226,
1880; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 755, A Hunter's Wan-
derings in S. Africa, p. 213, 1881; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 262, 1884; Bocage, J. Sct.
Ivsboa, ser. 2, vol. ii, p. 26, 1890; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 140, 1892; nec Antilope leucophea, Pallas.

Egocerus equinus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 464;
Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 266, 1913.

Ozanna equina, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 82, 1907.

Roan ANTELOPE, or BastarD GEMSBOK.

Typical locality South Africa north of the Orange River.

Size very large, the shoulder-height in some cases being
from about 56 to 60 inches, or even more. Horns stout,
comparatively short, and cylindrical; general colour greyish
or sandy roan; forehead and sides of face black (with or
without a patch of chestnut at base of horns); a prominent
patch below eyes—in the lower half of which the hairs are
elongated into a tuft—and a less conspicuous one behind
eyes,* together with muzzle, lips, and under-parts, white ; ears
long, narrow, and pointed, with black pencils of hair at tips ;
a brown mane, directed mainly backwards, but showing a
tendency to be whorled at withers, and a long throat-fringe ;
limbs brownish fawn, occasionally with black patches on
shoulders and upper part of fore-legs; tail reaching nearly to
hocks, with black tuft. Average basal length of skull about
16 inches, maximum breadth 63, interval between muzzle

* Very frequently this patch is not surrounded by black, but in
contact posteriorly with the general body-colour. ©

136 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

and orbit 10} inches. Young animals are uniformly rufous,
without any black and white face-markings.
The range is nearly co-extensive with that of the genus,
although not including the southern districts of Cape Colony.
The following races have been named :—

A. Ears moderate.
a. General colour greyish roan; forehead wholly

black-in, both sexes) sscsesaiaws ss vesaaenisauaws dene A. e. equinus.
b. General colour pale rufous; a patch of chestnut
at base of front of horns in both sexes......... A. «. langheldi.

B. Ears longer.

General colour browner. Upper part of fore-
head black in males, chestnut in females...... H, e. bakeri.
c. Ears still longer; general colour more fulvous ;
upper part of forehead chestnut in both sexes.
a. Size smaller

ce

. gambianus.
Os Size: Wave ers 3c sacniai rosesapenend sa eas sweneas neat cotunes i. e. scharicus.

A.—Hippotragus equinus equinus.

Hippotragus equinus typicus, Sclaterand Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 18, 1899; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 287, 1910, ed. 7, p. 285, 1914.

Typical locality S. Africa north of the Orange River.
General colour greyish roan; forehead black in both
sexes right up to base of horns; ears relatively short. Fine
horns measure from 30 to 34 inches in length (two specimens
respectively of 35 and 394 are on record), with a girth of
from 8? to 104, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 5 to 133
inches.
The range apparently extends as far north as Angola and
Northern Rhodesia.
636, a. Frontlet and horns. Little Klibbolikbonni
Spring, source of the Kruman River, lat. 27° 20' 8.
Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.
636, d. Pair of horns. S. Africa. Same history.
636, c. Frontlet and horns, female. 8S. Africa,
Same history.
636, g. Pair of horns. Cape Colony; collected by
Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (Argent), about 1842.

ORYGIN Ai 137

42, 4.11.9. Skull, with horns, and skin. 8. Africa;
collected by Sir Andrew Smith, probably in Western Trans-
vaal. Purchased (Warwick), 1842.

42. 12. 6. 13. Skin, mounted, and skull, female.
8. Africa; collected by Burke.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1842.

83.7. 28.5. Skin, mounted. Gwenia Valley, Mashona-

land; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1883.
84. 8.1. 3. Skin, mounted, young. Manyamé Valley,
Mashonaland; same collector. Purchased, 1884.
86. 5. 5. 9. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Same locality
and collector. Purchased, 1886.

93. 7. 25. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Near

Lake Mweru, N. W. Rhodesia; collected by R. Crawshay, Esq.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

99. 6. 29. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba,
Nyasaland.

Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.CM.G., C.B., 1899.

99. 6. 29. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same

locality. Same history.

7. 10, 25. 9. Frontlet and horns. Portuguese East Africa.

Presented by F. Vaughan Kirby, Esq., 1907.

9. 6. 26. 2, Head-skin. Zomba; collected by Sir A.

Sharpe. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1909.
9. 6. 26. 3. Head-skin, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

B.—Hippotragus equinus langheldi.

Aigoceros leucopheus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, nec
Antilope leucophea, Pallas.

Hippotragus bakeri, Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i, p. 292, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454; Matschie,
Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 134, 1895; nec Heuglin.

Hippotragus equinus, de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 127.

Hippotragus langheldi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,
p. 181; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 228,
1900.

Hippotragus rufopallidus, 0. Newmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 851
(1899).

Hippotragus equinus rufopallidus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 14, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 289, 1910.

138 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Hippotragus equinus langheldi, Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting
Trip through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 269,1908; Ward’s Records of Big Game, ed. 7,
p. 287, 1914,

Egocerus equinus langheldi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i,
p. 464.

Ozanna equinus langheldi, Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486,
1910.

Typical locality Tabora, German East Africa.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General colour pale rufous roan; forehead chestnut in
both sexes at base of horns; ears relatively short. Horns
measure from 27 to 33 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 83 to 93, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 93 to
174 inches.

98.1.5.16. Two skulls, with horns, and head-skins,
unmature. Machakos, B. E. Africa. The extent of black
on the face is small, thus leaving the light patch behind the
eye confluent posteriorly with the general colour. Noticed
by de Winton, op. cit. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1898.

8. 2.14.12. Skull, with horns, immature. M’pelele,

8. Angoniland. Presented by C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1908.
8. 2.14.13. Skull, with horns, female. East of Nyika
Plateau, B. E. Africa. Same history.

6. 4.18.15. Skin. 8S W. Ankoli, Uganda; collected
by My. W. G. Doggett. Noticed by Thomas, op. cit.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1905.

d. 4.18.18. Skull, with horns. Same locality and

collector. Same history.
5, 4.13. 16-17. Two head-skins, female. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

C.—Hippotragus equinus bakeri.

Hippotragus bakeri, Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx,
pt. 2, p. 16, pl. ii, fig. 6, 1868, Reise Nordost-A frika, vol. ii, p. 110,
1877; Baker, Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, pp. 475 and 545,
1867; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 214, pl. xvi; Huet, Bull.
Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 66, 1887; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 348, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 142, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 246, 1893.

goceros bakeri, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 177, 1869; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1872.

Hippotragus equinus bakeri, Slater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,

ORYGIN.Z 139

vol. iv, p. 14, 1899; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902; Lydekker, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 296, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 288,
1910, ed. 7, p. 286, 1914.

Ozanna equinus bakeri, Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 489, 1910.

Egocerus equinus bakeri, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xi, p. 267, 1918.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

General colour browner than in preceding races; upper
part of forehead at base of horns black in males, chestnut in
females; ears relatively long. Good horns measure from
31 to 374 inches in leneth, with a basal girth of from 8?
to 114, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 43 to 17} inches.

76.9. 26.4. Skull, with horns. Atbara Valley, Abys-
sinia; collected by Herr Essler. Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.

76. 9. 26.5. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

0.8. 14.1. Skul, with horns. Gebel Achmed Agha,
White Nile.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir W. Garstin, G.C_M.G., 1900.
0.8.7.6. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Bahr-el-Jeraf. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1900.

2. 8.15.1. Skin, mounted, provisionally referred to this
race. Kit Valley, Gondokoro, Mongalla Province; collected
by Mr. W. G. Doggett. Apparently indicates a form inter-
mediate between langheldi and bakeri. ‘The black on the
face has the same extent as in the Machakos heads of
langheldt, No. 98. 1. 5. 16.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1903.

9. 7. 8. 3-4. Two skins, female. South of Meshera
Jeraf, White Nile. Presented by C. C. Tower, Esq., 1909.

12.11.1310. Head, mounted. Dinder Valley, Blue
Nile; collected by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe.

Presented by Col. BE. J. Gunthorpe, 1912.

D.—Hippotragus equinus scharicus.
Hippotragus equinus, Alewander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 893,
1907.

Egocerus equinus scharicus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xi, p. 266, 1913.

140 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Typical locality Abilela, Lower Shari Valley, N. W. Africa.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

Stated to be larger than any of the other “Sudan” races
(shoulder-height 5 feet 3 inches, according to Alexander),
but in colour approximating to the western H. e. gambianus,
although in the shape of the horns intermediate between
the two.

General colour ochery buff, paler on flanks, and suffused
with white on neck and shoulders, thus producing a greyish
tinge; hairs of mane buffish at base, then brown, and black
at tips; dorsal pale brown stripe continued on to tail as a
black line; tail-tip black ; thighs and limbs ochery, passing
into clay-colour above hoofs; black lines round lateral
hoofs; a seal-brown band on front of fore-legs extending at
least as low as knees; under-parts buffish white; ears very
long, ochery on backs, with black terminal tufts; face-
markings variable. Nasal bones long and broad; horns long
and divergent, with the tips, which may be either inverted
or everted, very long, and therefore different from those of
bakert; those of gambianus being distinguished by their
smaller size. Basal length of skull 162 inches (425 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

E.—Hippotragus equinus gambianus.

fEgoceros koba, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1873; based on
Buffon’s ‘‘ koba”’? = Antilope koba, Hraleben.*

Hippotragus koba, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 142, 1892;
Matschie, Mitth. deutsch. Schutz-gebiet, vol. vi, p. 17, 1893;
Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 181, 1896.

Hippotragus equinus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 983, 1898,
p- 350.

Hippotragus equinus gambianus, Seclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, pp. 15 and 28, pl. Ixxviii, 1899; de Winton,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 859, 1899; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 296, 1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 289, 1910, ed. 7, p. 287, 1914.

Egoceros equinus gambianus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xii, p. 267, 1913.

* The reasons for rejecting this name are given in vol. ii, p. 39,

of this Catalogue. Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xiii,

p. 84, 1914, considers that the specific name indicates the Korrigum,

for which he accordingly employs the name Damaliscus koba in place

of D. korrigum.

ORYGINA 141

Typical locality Gambia.

General colour deep rufous, more marked in young than
in aged individuals, the latter being pale tawny, without any
bluish grizzling; upper part of forehead chestnut in both
sexes; ears very long. Maximum recorded horn-length
33 inches. The range includes Gambia and the Gold Coast.

46.11. 2.17. Frontlet and horns. Gambia; collected
by Mr. T. Whitfield. Co-type.
Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1846.
46. 11. 2.18. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same hastory.
88. 8. 20. 3. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Upper
Gambia Valley; collected by Dr. P. Rendall.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1888.
98. 11. 11. 1. Skull, with horns, and_head-skin,
immature. Balaga, Beaufort Island, Niger.
Presented by Capt. A. J. Richardson, 1898.
99. 6. 14. 1. Head, mounted. Tumu, Gurunoi, Gold
Coast. Noticed by de Winton, op. cit.
Presented by Ineut.-Col. H. P. Northcott, 1899.
13. 8. 3. 8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper Gambia.
Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1913.
14.5,12.1. Skull. Lagos.
Presented by W. A. Ross, Esq., 1914.

Ill. HIPPOTRAGUS NIGER.

Aigocerus niger, Harris, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 2, Trans. Zool.
Soc. vol. ii, p. 213, pl. xxxix, 1838, Portraits Wild Anim.
S. Africa, p. 126, pl. xxiii, 1840, Weld Sports S. Africa, ed. 5,
pp. 216 and 349, pl. xxii, 1852; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 158, 1843, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 183; Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 108, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 240, 1862; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103; Kirk, bid.
1864, p. 658; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,
p. 480, 1887 ; "Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays- Bas,
vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)
p. 166, 1892.

Aigocerus harrisi, Harris, Wild Sports S. Africa, pp. 261 and 378,
1839.

Antilope nigra, Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 265, 1840;
Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1842; Wagner,

142 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 484, 1884, vol. v, p. 486,
1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 442, 1845, Mon. Antilop.
p. 38, pl. xliii, 1848; Peters, Revse nach Mossambique, Sdugeth.
p. 190, 1852.

Hippotragus niger, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 197, 1846; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Cees. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx,
pt. 2, p. 16, 1863; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 218, 1896,
p. 506; Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 288; Bocage, ibid. 1876, p. 745,
J. Sct. Lisboa, ser. 2, vol. ii, p. 26, 1890; Brehm, Thierleben,
Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 227, 1880; Selows, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 756,
A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 214, 1881; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 268, 1884;
Johnston, Kilimanjaro, p. 354, 1886 ; Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1890, p. 600; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 3438,
1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 137, 1892, ed. 6, p. 282,
1910, ed. 7, p. 280, 1914; Nicholls and Eyglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 50, 1892; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 504,
1896, p. 797, 1897, p. 939; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 245,
18938, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 397, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 290, 1908; Lorenz, Ann. Hoffmus. Wien,
vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894; Rendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,
p. 362; Matschte, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 134, 1895;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 31, pls. lxxix
and Ixxx, 1899; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p. 221, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 908; Letcher,
Big Game N. FE. Rhodesia, p. 201, 1911; Roberts, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 19138.

Ozanna niger, Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 126, 1845; Elliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 82,
1907; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. liv, no. 6, p. 2, 1910.

Ozanna nigra, Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 227, 1880.

Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zeitung, vol.
lix, p. 119, 1912.

Sapte ANTELOPE, or Harrispuck; Zwart Wirt Pens (black, white
belly).

Type of Ozanna.

Typical locality the Cashan range of the north-western
Transvaal.

Size inferior to that of equinus, the shoulder-height
being from about 52 to 54 inches. Horns very long, much
compressed ; general colour in adult male rich glossy black ;
a stripe from above eye to muzzle—below which is a narrow
black eye-stripe reaching to a point above angle of mouth—
lips, muzzle, sides and under surface of lower jaw, upper
part of throat, inner surface of ears, a streak on buttocks,
fronts of thighs, and under-parts white, contrasting sharply
with black areas; tail wholly black; mane, in which the
hairs are directed backwards, and throat-fringe well developed ;
ears of moderate length, without terminal pencils; white

ORYGINA 143

eye-tufts less developed than in equinus. Females show
more or less rufous, and the young are wholly rufous, with
the exception of the tail-crest. Basal length of skull from
about 152 to 164 inches, maximum breadth 64 to 63, leneth
from muzzle to orbit about 11 inches. Fine horns of the
typical race measure from 45 to over 60 inches in length,
with a girth of from 9 to 11, and a tip-to-tip interval of
from 73 to about 24 inches.

The range extends from the Cashan Range of the north-
western Transvaal to British East Africa.

The species has been divided into the following three
local races :—
A. General colour of female more or less brownish

WTB C1e ss accincasetssvahinanteaann apeny ea avian seine deanamuamerses A. n. niger.

Bs. General colour of female intermediate in colour
between Avand Cov aie deacisicciecsngas aannderasesmancine A. n. kirki.

c. General colour of female light chestnut, the face-
markings and fore-legs being alone black ......... Hi. n, roosevelti,

A.—Hippotragus niger niger.

Typical locality Cushan Mountains, north-western
Transvaal.

General character those of the species.

The range extends as far north as the Zambesi.

38. 8. 1. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Cashan
Mountains, near Pretoria, Transvaal; shot by Sir William
Cornwallis Harris in 1836. Type.

Purchased (Capt. Aleassander), 1838.

1038, ce. Skull, with horns, immature; from an old
skin. 8. Africa. Purchased,

46. 6.2.90. Skinandhorns, female. Zululand; collected
by Herr J. Wahlberg.

By exchange with the Stockholn Museum, 1846.

51.3. 25.27. Pairof horns. §. Africa. Purchased, 1851.

52. 9, 22. 1. Skull, with horns, female. S. Africa ;
collected by R. Gordon-Cumming, Esq. Purchased, 1852.

71. 7.3.9. Pair of horns. Algoa Bay, 8. E. Africa.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

83. 7. 28. 3. Skin, mounted. Bili Valley, Mashona-

land; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1883.

144 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

83. 7, 28.4. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.
84. 8. 1. 2. Skin, mounted, young. Rugarwe Valley,
Mashonaland; same collector. The general colour is bright
rufous; but the white face-markings of the adult are present.
Purchased, 1884.
86. 5. 5. 8. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Umfuli
Valley, Mashonaland; same collector. Purchased, 1886,
89. 1.1.1. Skull, with horns. Port Elizabeth.
Presented by H. Fagan, Esq., 1889.
93. 6.5.1. Skin. Zomba, Nyasaland.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 18938.
94. 3. 18. 5. Skin, immature. Near Lake Mvweru,
N. W. Rhodesia.
Presented by Sir A. Sharpe, K.CM.G., C_B., 1894.
96.4. 2.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nyasaland.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CLILG., K.C.B., 1896.
97. 10. 1. 265. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba;
collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Same donor, 18977.
1. 6. 26. 6, Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Mpimbi, Nyasaland. Presented by Lieut.-Col. Manning, 1901.
7. 10. 25. 8. Frontlet and horns. Portuguese East
Africa. Presented by F. Vaughan Kirby, Esq., 1907.
9. 5.10.2. Skin. Urugwisi Valley, northern Zambesi.
Presented by H. HE. EH. Pankhurst, Esq., 1909.
9.5. 10.3. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.
9.7.7.1. Skin, young. Mpika, N. E. Rhodesia.
Presented by F. H. Melland, Esq., 1909.

B.—Hippotragus niger kirki.

Hippotragus niger var. kirkii, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35,
1872; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 382,
1899.

? Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger kaufmanni, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-
Zeitung, vol. lix, p. 119, 1912.

Typical locality Zam besia.

Apparently intermediate in the colouring of the female
between the preceding and following races. Hl. n. kaufmanni,
from Mount Caprivi, between the Chobi and Zambesi,

ORYGINA 145

German S. W. Africa, is said to differ from typical form
by face-markings, in which the dark eye-stripe extends to,
and expands on, the upper lip. Practically the two types
occur respectively in the mounted male and female of the
typical race.
6. 3.3.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near junction
of Lari with Kabompo River, upper Zambesia.
Presented by J. N. Micklem, Esq., 1906.
6. 3. 3. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

Fic, 23.—Herap oF Eastern SABLE ANTELOPE
(Hippotragus niger rooseveltt).

iil. i

146 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C.—Hippotragus niger roosevelti.

Ozanna roosevelti, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. liv, pt. 6, p. 1,
1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910.

Hippotragus niger roosevelti, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 284, 1910, ed. 7, p. 283, 1914.

Typical locality Shimba Hills, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

General colour of female lighter than in typical race,
being mainly light chestnut, and the face-markings buffish
yellow instead of white. The maximum recorded horn-
length is 37 inches.

10. 4. 20.5. Head, mounted (fig. 23). B. E. Africa.
Length of horns 35, girth 84, tip-to-tip interval 64 inches.

Presented by G. D. Muir, Esq., 1910.

HI. Genus ADDAX.

Addax, Rafinesque,* Analyse de la Nature, p. 56,1815; Gray, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 77, 1899; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 910.

Size and general characters very similar to those of Oryx,
but horns twisted into a heteronymous corkscrew-like spiral,
and the hoofs low, flat, elongated posteriorly, and broad in
front; patches of long hairs below the eyes, probably
corresponding to the glandular eye-tufts of Mippotragus ;
a tuft on forehead and short mane on sides of neck; hairs
of mid-dorsal line not reversed, except occasionally on neck ;
tail-tuft relatively small.

The range includes the desert tracts of northern Africa
as far south as Senegal on the west and Dongola on the east.

ADDAX NASOMACULATUS.

Cerophorus (Gazella) nasomaculata, 'Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, pp. 75 and 76.

Antilope naso-maculata, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2,
vol. ii, p. 188, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 456, 1822; Blain-
ville, Oken’s Isis, 1819, p. 1095, pl. xii, figs. 4-7, Journ. Phys.
1819, pl. figs. 4-7; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Stugthtere, vol. v,
p. 1242, 1824; Lichtenstern, Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1824, p. 215;
Lesson, Man. Mam. p. 374, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.

* No species-name given.

ORYGINAS 147

p. 462, 1829; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617,
1841; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 269, 1887.

Antilope suturosa, Otto, Nova Acta Nat. Cur. vol. xii, p. 521,
pl. xlviii, 1825; H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 206, 1827; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 382, 1827; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 4175, 1829; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1840; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 489, 1845,
Mon. Antilop. p. 34, pl. xxxix, 1848.

Antilope addax, Cretzschmar, Atlas to Riippell’s Reise nordl.-Afrika,
p. 19, pl. vii, 1826; Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pl. ii,
1827; H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 193,
pl. vol. v, p. 328, 1827; Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol.
Phys. Decas ii, pl. iv, 1828; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 474, 1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 684, 1868; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1379, 1888; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 486, 1844, vol. v, p. 487, 1855; Reichenbach, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 118, pl. xxxvi, 1845; Schinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 438, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 36, pls. xl and xli, 1848;
Giebel, Saugethiere, p. 296, 1853-55; Schweinfurth, Herz von
Afrika, vol. ii, p. 534, 1874.

Antilope mytilopes, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 204, vol. v, p. 330, 1827.

Antilope gibbosa, Savi, Mem. Sci. Pisa, vol. i, p. 17, 1828, Oken’s
Ists, 1832, p. 502.

Oryx addax, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 188, 1834;
Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr.. Mamm. vol. iii, p. 205, pl. xxv,
1835; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 206, 1846.

Oryx nasomaculatus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156, 1843.

Addax nasomaculatus,* Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 282, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 185, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. ‘p. 108, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 36, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 240, 1862; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac.
Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 18, 1863, Rese Nordost-Afrika,
vol. ii, p. 118, 1877; Fitzinger, Sitzber. kh. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869; Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 4;
Brehm, Thierleben. Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 235, 1880; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 345, 1891; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 150, 1892, ed. 6, p. 300, 1910, ed. 7, p. 298, 1914; Lydek-
ker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 394, 1899, Field, vol. cxi, p. 107, 1908, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 302, 1908; Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 810;
Sclater, tbid. 1896, p. 984; Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896; Johnston, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898,
p. 8352; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 79,
pl. lxxxvi, 1898; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt,
Mamm. p. 352, 1902; Renshaw, Zoologist, ser. 4, vol. vi, p. 363,
pl. ii, 1902; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 910; Gaillard,
Rev. Ethnogr. et Sociol. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 10; Hartert,
Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 35, 1913.

* Or nasomaculata.

148 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Typical locality probably Senegambia.

Shoulder-height about 38 inches. Horns (fig. 24) as
described above, those of females thinner; general colour in
winter, when the coat is long and thick, nearly uniform
brownish grey, in summer richer and more rufous, except on

Fic 24,—Horns or Appax (Addax nasomaculatus).
From a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

head and neck; tuit of forehead nearly black; back of head
behind horns darkish brown ; lips and chin, a somewhat X-like
patch on face below tuft (sometimes divided by a downward
extension of the latter), the greater part of backs of ears, in
some instances a patch behind eye, legs, with the exception
of the under-mentioned patches, hind-quarters, tail, with the

ORYGINA, 149

exception of brownish tuft (when present), and under-parts
white; occasionally a blackish area at base of backs of ears,
a black patch on lower border of cheeks adjacent to neck,
and another between throat and shoulders; a brownish tinge
on part of fore-legs, a knee-cap and line round fore and hind
lateral hoofs brown. Basal length of skull about 12 inches,
maximum breadth 54, length from muzzle to orbit 84 inches.
Fine horns measure from 32 to 394 inches along curve, and
from 27 to 343 in a straight line, with a basal girth of from
53 to 63, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 13 to 284 inches.
Range co-extensive with that of genus.

A.—Addax nasomaculatus nasomaculatus.

Typical locality probably Senegambia.

General characters of the species.

639, d. Imperfect skull and horns, with skin attached ;
immature female. Type of Antilope nasomaculata and
A. mytilopes, but not of the genus Addawz. Originally in
Bullock’s Museum, London, and stated by Hamilton Smith
to have been obtained probably from Guinea, or at any rate
Western Africa; the true locality being probably Sene-
gambia. Purchased at the sale of Bullock's Musewm, 1819.

639, 6. Skin, mounted, female. North Africa, probably
Senegambia. Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1846.

639, 2. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

639, ¢ and e. Skin and skeleton, the latter mounted.
N. Africa. Purchased (Zoological Society).

639, a. Twohorns. North-west Africa.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. Denham and Capt.
Clapperton, R.N., about 1826.

99. 3.19. 1. Frontlet and horns. Algerian Sahara.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1899.

99. 1.2.1. Skin, mounted. Tunisian Sahara.

Presented by J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq., 1899.

150 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.—Addax nasomaculatus addax.

Antilope addax, Cretszchmar, vide supra, p. 147.

Addax nasomaculatus addax, Lydekker, Field, vol. cxi, p. 107, 1908,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 303, 1908.

Typical locality Dongola.

Following the precedent of Sclater and Thomas in
the cases of Gazella leptoceros and Oryx algazel (supra,
pp. 69 and 129), the addax of the Eastern Sudan may be
regarded as racially distinct from the typical addax of north-
western Africa, even if its distinctive features are not fully
known. It has been suggested that in the Sudan race the
winter coat is shorter than in the Tunisian animal, and that
there is less white in the neighbourhood of the eye.

6. 4. 23.1. Skin, immature. North-western Kordofan.

Presented by A. L. Butler, Esq., 1906.

8. 1. 3. 1. Skin. Two hundred miles south-west of

Dongola. Presented by Capt. P. E. Vaughan, 1908.
10. 6. 28.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South-west
of Dongola, Presented by Gt. Blaine, Esq., 1910.

SUBFAMILY xvii-TRAGELAPHIN~.

Large or medium-sized antelopes with the horns, which,
except in two genera, are normally restricted to the males,
usually in the form of long, upwardly directed heteronymous
spirals, devoid of transverse ridges, but almost always
furnished with a longitudinal keel on the front aspect.
Muzzle large and naked; face-glands and lachrymal depres-
sions present or absent; inguinal glands sometimes present ;
true foot-glands wanting, but in one genus a pair of glands
in hind lateral, or false, hoofs, these hoofs being always well
developed in both limbs; general foot-structure practically
the same as in Bovine (vol. i); two pairs of teats; tail
medium and thickly haired throughout, or longer and
terminally tufted; markings, when fully developed, in the
shape of a white nasal chevron, spots on cheeks, longitudinal
bands and transverse stripes on body, spots on haunches, and
patches on limbs; these markings being present in the

TRAGELAPHINA 151

foetus. Skull generally with large or small lachrymal
vacuities, and frequently a pair of deep pits in frontals.
Upper molars broad and relatively short-crowned, but rather
taller in the Indian genera, in which they develop an
accessory inner column, and thus approximate very closely
to those of the Bovine, to which group these antelopes are
considered by Pocock to be closely related.

The distributional area includes Ethiopian Africa and
peninsular India. In Nature, vol. xci, p. 58, 1913, the
writer has given reasons to show that a tragelaphine antelope
probably existed in the Euphrates Valley during the
Assyrian period.

The genera may be diagnosed as follows :—

A. Face-glands wanting; horns long and spiral; face
and body very generally ornamented with white *
markings, in the form of stripes, bands, and spots.

a. Horns in both sexes; tail tufted; no inguinal

glands.
a‘, Horns comparatively smooth, forming a simple
open lyrate:cUrve ceusssiuiededesnsssccevemseamsmnans ove Bodcercus.
b'. Horns very strongly keeled, nearly evenly
GIVEN GON tiiat! sisigs saswselsoe deraas nade gieunus des ppbteatedle Taurotragus.

b. Horns (except as an abnormality) restricted to
males; tail hairy throughout; inguinal glands
present.

a’, Horns flattened behind at base, with a strong
external basal keel, and rarely forming more

than two complete turns of a spiral............... Tragelaphus.
b?. Horns rounded behind at base, without external
basal keel, and generally forming three com-

plete turns of a more or less open spiral......... Strepsiceros.

B. Face-glands present; horns short, not forming a
distinct spiral, wanting in females; body not
marked with white bands and stripes.

a. Size larger; a single pair of horns; face-glands

SIME] <5 cacdabsmrnanansrucadeiesana cetana dn ebbhoanenianeasan Boselaphus.
b. Size smaller; typically two pairs of horns; face-
PIRMAS LAT CO is ayaedstsieics eine MiStiseantw samiediele beiametS Tetracerus.

I. Genus TRAGELAPHUS.

Tragelaphus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Riitimeyer,
Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 738, 1878; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 103, 1900; Pocock, Proc, Zool. Soc,
1910, pp. 848 and 921; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x,
no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

Nyala, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. yol. 1x, no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

152 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Face-glands wanting; horns relatively long, restricted to
males, with the basal portion of hind surface rounded and a
strong external keel, forming, as a rule, not more than two
complete turns of a spiral; face, body, and limbs more or
less fully marked with white, at least in youth; tail thickly
haired throughout ; ears large and expanded. Upper molars
rather narrow, without inner accessory columns. Inguinal
glands present.

Distribution restricted to Ethiopian Africa.

In the typical species the skull is characterised by the
comparative shallowness of the nasal notches, large lachrymal
vacuities, short premaxille, slightly angulated maxillo-jugal
sutures, and small basioccipital processes.

The two subgenera here recognised are distinguished as
follows :=-

A. Hoofs normal; hind surface of pasterns hairy...... Tragelaphus.
B. Hoofs elongated; hind surface of pasterns bare.... Limnotragus.

1. Suspcenus TRAGELAPHUS.

Hoofs normal, and hind surface of pasterns bare.
The three species here recognised are distinguishable as
follows :—

A. Nucho-dorsal crest short; a white throat-band; tail
shorter.

a, Size smaller, shoulder-height not exceeding about

30 inches; sexes generally unlike in colour;

HOPES DIAC goo uencs sovncoeneipaestaseneikageenys T. scriptus.
b. Size larger, shoulder-height about 52 inches ; sexes
similar in colour; horn-tips yellow............... T. bu«tont.

B. Nucho-dorsal crest elongated into a mane; no white
throat-band ; tail longer. Shoulder-height about
AQ ABCHES: ancmadsvenes deracwacsecaties sntaecintdeabess casimmlenan T. angast.

I. TRAGELAPHUS SCRIPTUS.

Antilope scripta, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 8, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fase. i,
p. 15, 1767, fase. xii, p. 18, 1777, based on ‘‘ Le Guib” of Buffon,
Hist. Nat. vol. xii, pp. 805 and 327, pls. xl and xli, 1764;
Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 276, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec.
Zool. Geogr. p. 589, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 111, 1780;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. pt. 1, p. 79, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthtere,
pl. celviii, 1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785; Gmelin,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 191, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 817, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 640,

TRAGELAPHIN.E 153

1792; Link, Beytrage Naturgesch, p. 99, 1795; Shaw, Gen. Zool.
vol. i, pt. 2, p. 322, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. p.115, 1802;
Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. x, p. 256, 1803; Cuvier,
Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 245, 1804; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii,
p. 441, 1814; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 169,
1814; Afzeliws, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815;
Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1212, 1818; Schinz,
Cuvver’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 428, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 28, pl. xxx, 1848; Desmoulins,
Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822; H. Smith, Griffith’s
Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 274, vol. v, p. 851, 1827; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 472, 1829; Masson, Atlas to Cuvier’s Réegne
Animal, pl. xl, fig. 1, 1886; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38,
Anat. Vertebrates, p. 634, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 42, 18388; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv,
pls. 380 and 381, 1842; Hwet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,
p. 278, 1887.

Cemas scriptus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. p. 734,
1816.

Tragelaphus scriptus, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 95, pl. i, 1835; Gray, List. Mami. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1848,
List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 146, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 145, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, pl. iv, 1850, Cat. Ungulata,
Brit. Mus. p. 188, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 50, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1873; Sundevall,
K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846; Wagner,
Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 442, 1844, vol. v, p. 443,
1855 ; Temmuinck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 197, 1853; Gervais,
Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 201, 1855; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 174, 1869; Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 186; Garrod. ibid. 1877, p. 44; Brehm, Thierleben, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 242, 1880; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol.
Mus. Rf. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 259, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887, Notes Leyden
Mus. vol. x, p. 25, 1888, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892; Biittikofer, Reisebilder Liberia, vol. ii,
p. 880, 1890; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 847,
1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 154, 1892, ed. 6, p. 305,
1910, ed. 7, p. 303, 1914; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 251,
1893, Game Animals of Africa, p. 323, 1908; Pousargues,
Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 82, 1897; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 109, pl. Ixxxix, 1900;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 230, 1900;
O. Newmann, Zool. Jahrb. vol. xiii, p. 569, 1900, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 97; Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 94, 1900, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 929; Powell-Cotton,
Unknown Africa, p. 575, 1904; Alexander, From Niger to Nile,
vol. ii, p. 397, 1907; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Calliope scripta, Riippell, Verzerchniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 182, 1842.

Antilope leucophea, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 386, 1844, nec Pallas.

Antilope (Addax) scripta, Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 62, 1861.

154 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Guin; Busupuck; Harnessep ANTELOPE; GuiIB; DrcuLA.

Typical locality Senegal.

The typical and smallest species, the shoulder-height
reaching about 30 inches in males of the larger races; sexes
differing in colour, the females being generally lighter and
redder than the males, with a greater development of the
white markings, which, when in their full intensity, include
a chevron and spots on the face, a chin-patch, a gorget on
the throat and another on the chest, an upper and a lower
longitudinal band on each side of the body, between which
are a number of narrow vertical stripes, a series of spots on
the haunches, and a variable amount of stripes and blotches
on the limbs, of which a pair of spots above the main hoofs
are the most constant; a short crest of hair on nape of neck
and back; coat of moderate length, but apparently always
short-haired on the neck of aged males, in which the under-
parts are black or blackish, and thus often darker than
the back; tips of horns black. Maximum horn-iength
(2 specimens) 19? inches.

This species, as here understood, presents such an extra-
ordinary amount of variation in colouring and markings,
due to differences of sex, age, and locality—and in some
instances perhaps individual—that it is at present impossible
to give a key to the local races entitled to recognition.
Some of the races are indeed characterised by the white and
others by the black dorsal crest, but as there are indications of
a transition in this respect, no sufficient grounds for dividing
the species into groups can be founded on this character.
Much the same may be said with regard to the presence of a
short-haired and perhaps glandular collar on the nape of the
neck, or its absence, since all bushbucks apparently tend to
acquire short-haired necks when fully adult. The lightness
or darkness of the under-parts has also been taken as a
racial character; but it seems that in old males of all the
forms this area tends to become black or dark brown, This
is but one exemplification of the tendency in the whole group
towards a general darkening in colour and the obliteration
of the white markings with age; a tendency which attains
its maxima in regions so far apart as Gallaland and Cape
Colony. In the forest-zone, on the other hand, the rufous

TRAGELAPHIN A 155

coloration and fully developed white markings may persist
throughout life.

That an excessive number of local races of the species—
especially in Abyssinia and East Africa—have received
names, seems practically certain; but the material in the
collection is quite insufficient to admit of a critical revision
in this respect. All that it has been practicable to do is,
after the elimination of types, to arrange the specimens
under the heading of the race to the typical locality of which
they come nearest in point of origin.

The greater number of the named races have been
allowed to stand provisionally, although in a few instances
so-called subspecies have been included under the heading
of forms to which specific rank has been accorded by some
writers.

The explanation—offered in vol. ii. in the case of the
waterbucks—that many of the so-called subspecies have been
named on the evidence of individual herds rather than on
true local races will not hold good in the present instance,
seeing that bushbucks go about in pairs instead of associating
in herds.

For the most part, the races are arranged geographically.

A.—Tragelaphus scriptus scriptus.

Tragelaphus scriptus typicus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388;
Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 480, 1899; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 109, 1900; W. L.
Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm, vol. i, p. 231, 1900; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 325, 1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 307, 1910, ed. 7, p. 805, 1914; Letcher, Big
Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 172, 1911.

Tragelaphus scriptus scriptus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 807 ;
Pocock, wbid. 1910, p. 930; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

GUIB.

Typical locality Senegal.

Shoulder-height about 28 inches; neck with a nearly
bare collar; dorsal crest white; general colour rich dark
rufous, distinctly marked with about ten transverse white
stripes, an upper and a lower longitudinal white band, and a
circle of white spots en haunches; a marked tendency to

156 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

blackness on neck, chest, and limbs; the under-parts being,
as in adult males of other races, also black. Female paler,
but with much the same markings.
46. 11. 2. 22 (413, a). Skull, with horns. Gambia;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield.
Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1846.
46. 11. 2. 23 (413,0). Skull, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Same history.
46. 2.28.1. Skin, young, mounted. West Africa.
Same history.
50. 12. 1. 2. Skin, immature, mounted. West Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.
64. 6.15.1 Skull, with horns. Gambia; collected by
Mr. J. T. Dalton. Purchased, 1864.
65. 5. 3.10. Skeleton. Same locality and collector.
Purchased, 1865.
78. 7.16.8. Skin. Fanti. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878.
88. 8. 20. 4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, immature. |
Upper Gambia. Presented by Dr. P. Rendall, 1888.
99. 10. 28. 1-2. Two skins, one female. Wiasi, 150
miles N.E. of Kumasi, Ashanti.
Presented by C. Beddington, Esq., 1899.
8. 6. 26. 8. Skull, female. Daru, Sierra Leone.
Presented by Capt. Murray, 1908.
8.12.18. 4. Skin, mounted. Senegambia.
Presented by F. Russell Roberts, Esq., 1908.
9.11. 2. 29. Skull, with horns, and skin. Thies,
Senegal; collected by Messrs. Riggenbach and Hartert.
Purchased, 1909.
9.11. 2. 30. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality and collectors. Same history.
10. 4.18. 2-3. Two skins. Liberia.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1910.
11. 6.10. 114. Skull, with horns. Upper Gambia.
Presented by G. Fenwick-Owen, Esq., 1911.
13. 8.3.8. Skull, female. Upper Gambia.
Presented by G. Blaine, Hsg., 1913.

TRAGELAPHIN &, 157

B.—Tragelaphus scriptus obscurus.

Tragelaphus gratus, Rochebrune, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1882, p. 9,
Faune Senegamb., Mamm. p. 123, pl. viii, fig. 1, 1883, nec Sclater.

Tragelaphus obscurus, Trowessart, Cat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 958, 1898 ;
O. Neumann, Sitaber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p.98 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 887, 1908; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 545.

Typical locality near mouth of the Senegal River between
Cayor and Walo (Oualo). Imperfectly known; apparently
allied to typical race, but with only three pairs of transverse
body-stripes.

No specimen in collection.

C.—Tragelaphus scriptus phaleratus.

Antilope phalerata, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 275, vol. v, p. 851, 1827 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 429,
1845.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) phalerata, A. Smith, S. African Quart.
Journ. vol. ii, p. 219, 1834; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 296, 1836, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 181, 1842; Gervais,
Dict. Sci, Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840; Reichenbach, Sauge-
theere, vol. iii, p. 81, 1845.

Tragelaphus phalerata, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handi. 1844,
p. 189, 1846; Pitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 174, 1869; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p- 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus phaleratus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 125, 1908.

Typical locality near the Great Falls of the Lower Congo.

Nearly allied to typical race; upper longitudinal white
band usually present in males, absent in females.

No specimen in collection.

D.—Tragelaphus scriptus makale.

Tragelaphus scriptus makale, Matschie, Sitzberg. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p, 563; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xiii,
p. 42, 1914.

Typical locality Makala, southward of the Lindi Valley
{which lies to the south of the Aruwimi).

Type (a headless skin) in the collection of Major Powell-
Cotton at Quex Park, Birchington, Kent.

158 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

General colour chestnut-brown (Indian maroon), with
ten white stripes, of which the third and sixth are distinct,
while most of the others are more or less obscurely indicated
by lines of elongated hairs; a longitudinal band broken up
into large white spots, and bending upwards posteriorly to
the dorsal crest, which is white between the first six
transverse stripes, but in front and behind this black; six
large white spots on haunches; neck apparently as in
typical race.

No specimen in collection.

E.—Tragelaphus scriptus knutsoni.

Tragelaphus scriptus knutsoni, Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15,
p. 1, 1905; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 824, 1908.
Tragelaphus knutsoni, Matschie, Sttzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,

p. 545.

Typical locality Upper Manns Valley, Cameruns.

Type in Royal Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Stockholm.

Distinguished from typical seriptus by fully haired neck,
the wholly black dorsal crest of males, which is also present
in females, the longer coat, and the differently coloured legs.
The fore-legs are yellowish brown, with the fronts black, and a
yellowish black-bordered white spot above each hoof; general
colour rich dark rufous, with eight indistinct transverse
stripes, a well-developed lower longitudinal band, and two
spots representing fore part of upper band; also two white
spots on shoulders, and about twelve—some very indistinct
—on haunches; a white spot below posterior angle of
eyes, but none in front of same; under-parts black. Female
brighter rufous, without any black on body except the crest,
which does not extend so far forward on neck; transverse
stripes more distinct, and upper lateral band short but
continuous.

413, g, h. Two skulls, imperfect, with horns, pro-
visionally referred to this race. Victoria Mountains,
Cameruns. Presented by Capt. Burton.

TRAGELAPHINA 159

F.—-Tragelaphus scriptus decula.

Antilope decula, Riippell, Newe Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 11, pl. iv,
1835-40; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 427, 1845; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 78, 1887.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) decula, Gervais, Dict. Scr. Nat., Suppl. vol. i,
p- 266, 1840; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 181, 1842;
Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 78, 1845; Giebel, Sduge-
thiere, p. 811, 1853-55.

Calliope decula, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 182, 1849.

Tragelaphus decula, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1843,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 145, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 189, 1852. Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 50, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1878;
Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 442, 1844,
vol. v, p. 445, 1855; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1844, p. 189, 1846; Schinz, Mon. Antilop. p. 26, 1848; Heuglin,
Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, p. 20, pl. i, fig. 5, 1863,
Zoogr. Roth. Meer, p. 26, 1869, Reise Weiss. Nl, p. 819, 1869,
Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 120, 1877; Flower, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1875, p. 186; Brooke, wbid. 1878, p. 884; Jentink, Cat.
Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1889, Cat.
Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 178, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 1893; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 2, p. 196, 1896 ; Powsargues, Ann. Sev. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv,
pp. 81 and 83, 1897; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 105, pl. Ixxxviii, 1900; Lénnberg, Archiv Zool. vol. ii,
no. 15, p. 6, 1905; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus decula, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 233, 1900;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia,
p. 477, 1902; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 328, 1908 ;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 91, 1910; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 309, 1910.

(?) Tragelaphus decula fulvo-ochraceus, Matschte, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 564.

Typical locality Abyssinia.

Height at shoulder about 26 inches. Neck fully haired ;
dorsal crest black ; general colour yellowish or sandy brown,
gradually darkening on shoulders and hind-quarters, and so
on to under-parts ; a white spot below each eye, and another
on lower jaw ; two longitudinal bands, of which the lower is
broken up into streaks, but generally no distinct transverse
stripes or haunch-spots; usual throat- and limb-markings
present. T. decula fulvo-ochraceus is based on the skull and
skin of a female from Dungoler, near Lake Tsana (Tana),

160 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Abyssinia, in the collection of Major Powell-Cotton, stated
to differ from the female of typical decwla by the presence
of white hairs in the dorsal crest, which is blackish brown
instead of chestnut-brown, by the ochery general colour, and
the absence of white longitudinal bands.
61, a. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Abyssinia; collected by Dr. Ruippell. Purchased,
74.11. 2.7. Skin, mounted, and skull. Salam tributary
of the Upper Atbara Valley, Abyssinia.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1874.
74.11. 2.8. Skin, mounted, and skull, female. Same

locality. Same history.
76. 9. 26. 8. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Upper
Atbara Valley. Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.

4.9. 25.1. Skull, with horns, and skin, young. Horoso
Valley, Abyssinia.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1904.
12. 11. 13. 1. Head, mounted. JDinder Valley,
Abyssinia ; shot by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe.
Presented by Col, S. J. Gunthorpe, 1912.

G.—Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki.

Tragelaphus meneliki, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902,
p- 93; Lonnberg, Arkw Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 825, 1908, Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Gara Mulatta, Burka, and Jaffa Ranges,
on upper Webi Shebeli watershed, Arusi Gallaland.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann.

Size large, shoulder-height about 294 inches; coat long;
neck fully haired; dorsal crest black, with a few white hairs
posteriorly ; general colour ranging from blackish rufous
grey (like that of sylvaticus, infra, p. 162) to deep shining
black; no white markings on body with the occasional
exception of two or three flecks on haunches; an imperfect
white chevron between eyes; white markings on fore-legs
much the same as in mdticolor (infra, p. 177), but the spots
above hoofs smaller and less distinct. Female light brownish

TRAGELAPHINA 161

rufous, much the same as in typical scriptus, with no white
markings on sides of body, but a fleck on under surface, the
remainder of which is whitish yellow-grey.

The female is very similar to the type of delameret (which
is a young individual), but may be distinguished by the
presence of a white streak on the front of the hind-legs, as
well as of throat and breast patches. From sylvaticus the
male differs by the slight development of white in the dorsal
crest, as well as in the leg-markings.

10. 1]. 29. 2. Skin, mounted. Sahatu Mountains,
Arusi Gallaland. The coat is almost wholly black, and thus
different from the examples described by Neumann; but
since the specimen comes from practically the same district
as the former, it can scarcely be racially distinct.

Presented by Ivor Buxton, Esq., 1910.

H.—Tragelaphus scriptus powelli.

Tragelaphus, subsp. Rothschild, Powell -Cotton’s Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 476, 1902.

Tragelaphus powelli, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 547.

Typical locality Managasha Forest, westward of Shoa,
Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton, Quex Park,
Birchington, Kent.

Resembles meneliki and haywoodi in the paucity of white
markings and the long coat; differs from latter by lighter
colour of neck, back, and rump, and the presence of a
remnant of a dark crest, replaced by white posteriorly ; no
short-haired collar on neck; general colour tobacco-brown,
somewhat lighter than in meneliki, with a blackish blaze on
forehead ; white limb-markings reduced toa pair of small
spots above main hoofs. Female bright rufous, with back of
neck and saddle on back dusky ; two or three white haunch-
spots.

6. 11. 1. 56. Skull, with horns. Managasha Forest ;
collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro. Topo-type.

Presented by W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.
Tl. M

162 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

13. 3.2. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin (including
limbs). Sallé Forest, Giré, Abyssinia.

Presented by L. C. G. Clarke, Esq., 1913.

13. 3.2.1. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

The two following specimens belong to this or one of the
allied north-eastern races :—

6. 11. 1. 66. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wotchacha,

N. E. Africa; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.
Presented by W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.
6.11. 1.67. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Zuay
(Zwei), south of Shoa; same collector. Same history.

I.—Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor.

Tragelaphus multicolor, O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1902, p. 95; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor, Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 325, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 809, 1910, ed. 7, p. 807, 1914.

Typical locality Hawash Valley, south-east of Sekua
Range, Shoa, Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann.

Size approximately the same as in typical race; neck
with a short-haired collar ; dorsal crest black; general colour
light rufous brown, with a row of four distinct white
spots on haunches; under-parts black, with a whitish
patch posteriorly; nose blackish brown; a spot below each
eye (but no chevron in front) and another on lower jaw,
chin, and a throat and a breast patch white; front of fore-
legs black, with white patches on sides of knees; a pair of
large black-rimmed white spots above both main and lateral
hoofs ; a white streak down front of hind-legs; tail-tip black.

13. 4. 28. 1. Skin, mounted. Hawash Valley. The
two pairs of black-rimmed white spots respectively above
main and lateral hoofs are very distinct and characteristic.

Presented by Lord Wodehouse, 1913.

TRAGELAPHIN A 163

J.—Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus.

Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 95, 1900; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;
Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 824, 1908.

Tragelaphus roualeyni fasciatus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iv, p. 128, 1900.

Tragelaphus fasciatus, Matschie, Siteber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

Typical locality, Sen Morettu, Webi Valley, Gallaland.
Very similar to roualeyni (infra, p. 176) but no short-
haired neck-collar—the whole neck having the hairs as short
as those of head—-and body-hair shorter; general colour
reddish yellow, brighter on hind-quarters, and dusky on
middle of back ; four or five broad distinct tranverse stripes,
a broken longitudinal flank-band, and a few spots on haunches
white. Basal length of skull 83 inches.
94. 2, 27.7. Skin. Sen Morettu, Webi Valley; col-
lected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Type.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1894.
94, 2. 27.5. Skin. Same locality and collector.
Same history.
94. 2.27.6. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

K.—Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinotatus.

Tragelaphus nigrinotatus, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1902, p. 97; Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905;
Matschie, Siteber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinotatus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,

p. 325, 1908.

Typical locality Barsa Valley, Mateland, north of Lake
Stefanie.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann.

Described on the evidence of a female, which agrees
approximately in size with the tyical race, lut lacks a short-
haired collar on the neck; general colour reddish fulvous
brown, with numerous white spots on haunches; crown,
forehead, nose, and nape black; a brownish black saddle,
narrowing posteriorly, on back; a spot below hind angle of
eyes, another at root of ears, the chin, and patches on throat

M 2

164 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

and chest white; fore-legs with a black line in front, which
is wanting in hind-pair; white patches at sides of knees
and above hoofs ; tail uniformly fulvous brown above.

12. 2. 10. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
immature. Boran country, southern Abyssinia, 180 miles

north of Marsabit. Presented by Lord Cranworth, 1912.
12. 2.10. 3. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality. Same history.

13. 3. 2. 3-5. Three skulls, with horns, and skins,

immature. Baber Valley, southern Abyssinia.
Presented by L. C. G. Clarke, Esq., 1913.

L.—Tragelaphus scriptus bor.

Tragelaphus bor, Heuglin, Revse Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 122, 1877;
Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905; Matschie,
Sitaber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus scriptus bor, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;
Linnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 324,1908; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 308, 1910, ed. 7, p. 306, 1914; Roosevelt, African
Game Tratls, p. 486, 1910; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

Typical locality Bor, on the White Nile, Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Neck fully haired; dorsal crest black, diffuse; general
colour pale brownish, with from three to five transverse
white stripes, of which two only are conspicuous ; upper longi-
tudinal band very short or wanting, lower broken up into
spots; white leg-markings well developed. Basal length
of skull 74 inches (193 mm.). Female bright rufous, with
nape and middle of back fuscous brown, nine or ten stripes,

and imperfect upper and lower longitudinal bands.
0.11. 7.16. Skin, female. Eighty miles north-east of
Lado. Presented by Dr. Donaldson Smith, 1900.
2.9, 2.2. Skin and loose horns. Wau, Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Presented by Capt. A. E. Haynes, 1902.

M.—Tragelaphus scriptus pictus.

Tragelaphus scriptus pictus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

Typical locality Dugnia, Lower Shari Valley, Lake Chad
district.

TRAGELAPHIN & 165

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

Allied to Z. s. bor, but somewhat brighter coloured, with
more distinct markings. General colour pale reddish brown
(dark cinnamon), lighter on flanks; under-parts blackish
brown; neck short-haired, buffish, speckled with black; a
sooty patch on withers; dorsal crest mingled with white;
crown and cheeks light brownish; dark bands on fore-legs
and above hocks conspicuous; transverse stripes narrow but
fairly distinct ; two longitudinal bands general present, but
tending to disappear with age; spots on haunches small.
Skull rather large (basal length 83 inches = 215 mm.), with
the auditory bullae much larger than in bor.

7. 7. 8. 233. Skin. Shari Valley, Lake Chad district ;
collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

The following Nigerian specimens are probably referable,
respectively, to one or other of this and the two following
races :—

99, 8. 24.5. Skulland skin. Jebba, Nigeria.
Presented by Dr. C. Christy, 1899.

5. 5.10.11. Skin. Wasé, Northern Nigeria.
Presented by Dr. H. RK. W. Kunm, 1905.
6. 2. 12. 3-4. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.

Twelve miles north of Yola, Northern Nigeria.

Presented by W. T. Gower, Esg., 1906.
12.7. 16.4. Foetal skin. Nassarawa Province, Nigeria.
Presented by D. Cator, Esq., 1912.

N.—Tragelaphus scriptus signatus.

Tragelaphus scriptus signatus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 42, 1914,

(?) Tragelaphus scriptus punctatus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 42, 1914.

Typical locality “ Les M’Brous,” Tomé Valley, near the
Gribingé-Ubangui Watershed, N. W. Africa.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

Differs from pictus by its inferior size (basal skull-length
(84 inches = 206 mm.), longer coat, and deeper colour, which

166 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

is reddish brown (bistre) above, paler on the flanks, and
brownish black below, with the neck and cheeks lighter
and the crown darker than the back; dark band on fore-legs
black on inner, but indistinct on outer side; dorsal crest
with less white than in pictus, and its continuation as a dark
line on neck broader; white spots on haunches fewer but
rather larger. Female typically with more rufous neck,
smaller black markings, and under-parts like flanks.

The so-called 7. s. punctatus, founded on a female skin
in the Senckenberg Museum from Duma, Ubangui Valley,
is stated to differ from signatus, by its shorter coat, larger
spots, and yellowish rusty brown colour above, which
becomes lighter on shoulders, thighs, and legs, and orange-
buff on under-parts ; neck lighter buff, slightly speckled with
blackish, which disappears on crown and cheeks; no dark
patch on withers ; a white spot below each eye; dark line on
middle of face narrow, not interrupted on forehead. Its
claim to distinction is more than doubtful.

7. 7. 8. 231. Skin. Ubangui Valley, Northern
Nigeria ; collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 232. Skull, with horns, and skin. Ubangui

Valley ; collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.
Same history.

0.—Tragelaphus scriptus uellensis.

Tragelaphus scriptus uellensis, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. sev. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 43, 1914.

Typical locality Angu, Wellé Valley.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

General colour rusty brown (tan), vermiculated with
black and with black tips to hairs; under-parts brownish
black (warm sepia), divided by a dull brownish zone from
rufous of rump; neck pale yellow, heavily speckled with
black; no dark patch on withers; crown and forehead
darker than cheeks; hairs of dark band on fore-legs ringed
with pale yellowish and blackish brown; dark line on nose
broad, somewhat X-shaped, interrupted on forehead; hind
portion of dorsal crest mingled with white; transverse

TRAGELAPHIN A 167

stripes distinct; longitudinal bands more developed, and
spots on haunches more numerous and rather smaller than
in the so-called punctatus.

Appears to bear much the same relation to bor as is
presented by punctatus | = signatus] to pictus (Schwarz).

No specimen in the collection can be definitely identified
with this form.

P.—Tragelaphus scriptus cottoni.

Tragelaphus cottoni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 552.

Including :—

Tragelaphus cottoni meridionalis, Matschie, op. cit. p. 555, 1912.
Tragelaphus cottoni dodinge, Matschie, op. cit. p. 556, 1912.

Typical locality Farajala, westward of Lado, on the Koda,
a tributary of the Bahr-el-Jebel. The typical locality of
meridionalis is about 40 miles north of Wadelai, Uganda;
and that of dodinge the Kedef Valley, on the western flank
of the Dodinga Range, east-north-east of Dufilé, and
therefore to the east of the White Nile, whereas the other
two forms are from the west of the same. Types in
collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a small short-haired race, with a short-haired
neck-collar, and a black dorsal crest mingled with white
hairs; general colour brownish ochre, with a greyish °
suffusion ; a white longitudinal band broken up into spots,
and, it is stated, nine white transverse stripes,* numerous
white spots on haunches, and a white mark on neck; under-
parts black, grey in female.

The more southern specimens described as meridionalis
are stated to be rather larger, with certain slight differences
in general colour, and having only three distinct white trans-
verse stripes and a fourth represented by spots, eight to
ten spots on haunches, two spots on the shoulder near the
end of the longitudinal band, and the tail-tip mingled black
aud brown instead of wholly black.

The bushbuck described as 7. ¢. dodinge is stated to be

* In the type I could detect only five distinct stripes on one side
and four on the other.

168 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

very similar, both in coloration and size, to typical cottond,
but with a longer skull (basal length 214 mm., against
205-207 mm.), and the “legs” of the horseshoe-mark on the
fore part of the back shorter. Female apparently smaller
than in typical cottont.

No specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

Q.—Tragelaphus scriptus locorinz.

Tragelaphus locorine, Matschie, Sitaber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1912,
p. 564,

Including :—
Tragelaphus locorine laticeps, Matschie, op. cit. p. 565, 1912.

Typical locality southward of Mount Dodinga, and
northwards of Mount Marangolé, north-west Turkana, near
Mount Locorina, south Toposa.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a large form, with a nearly bare collar on neck,
and the dorsal crest black, mingled with a few white hairs ;
general colour bright ochery rufous, very dark on back,
where the hair-tips are black, on chest suffused with grey ;
under-parts black; chin and a line leading from it to throat-
patch white. A line of seven white spots on sides of body
of female, which is lacking in male; two white spots on
haunches ; under-parts black. Basal length of skull 232 mm.,
maximum width 107 mm.

Tf. 1. laticeps is based on a skull and skin from the north-
west foot of Mount Debasien, north of Elgon, in the
collection of Major Powell-Cotton. The skin agrees closely
with the typical locorinw in colour, but is of smaller size,
and the skull is relatively broader.

No specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

R.—Tragelaphus scriptus diane.

Tragelaphus diane, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,

p. 557
Tragelaphus diane simplex, Matschie, op. cit. p. 560, 1912.

Tragelaphus diane sasse, Matschie, op. cit. p. 561, 1912.

TRAGELAPHIN A 169

Typical locality Kalakaba, about 40 miles from Mahagi,
at the north end of the Albert Nyanza, below the water-
shed of the Ituri. The typical locality of d. simplex is the
Ituri Valley, near Kifuku and Irumu; and that of d. sassw
Kasindi, north of the Albert Edward Nyanza, where simples
is also stated to occur,

Type in the collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a large, short-haired, and long-tailed race, in
which the total length of the skin is fully 63 inches (160 cm.),
and that of the tail 113 to 13 inches (29-33 cm.). Neck
with a short-haired collar; dorsal crest blackish brown with
a few white hairs, but in immature males largely mingled
in its hind portion with white and ochery brown hairs;
general colour orange-ochre, with a rufous tinge in females
and young males; middle line of under-parts black, but
orange-ochre in females; markings variable, being in some
cases indicated only by a few transverse lines of longer
hairs, but in others by from four to nine transverse stripes,
of which some show white spots, and a longitudinal line of
flecks, with a few spots on upper part of thigh. The so-
called d. simplex is stated to differ by its smaller size and
paler colouring, the general tint being more ochery and less
inclined to rufous; d. sasse@ is intermediate in size between
the two others, very similar in colour to the first, but greyer,
with a distinct longitudinal line of white flecks, which tend
to unite posteriorly into a band, four or five more or less
distinct transverse white stripes, five large spots on haunches,
and the posterior half of the dorsal crest nearly white.

Some of the following specimens may belong to this form.

63. 7. 7. 5 (649,72). Skull, with horns. Uganda.

Presented by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.

63. 7. 7. 5* (649,7). Skull, with horns, and scalp-skin
attached. Same locality. Same history.

6. 12. 4. 121. Skull and skin, immature female.
Ruwenzori, north of the Albert Edward Nyanza, and thus
very near the typical locality of sassw.

Presented by R. B. Woosnam Esq., 1906.

3, 2.12.2. Skin (skull in Cambridge Museum). East
shore of Albert Nyanza.

Presented by J. 8S. Budgett, Esq., 1903.

170 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

8. 2.14. 9-10. Two skulls, with horns. South Buhuru
Valley, below junction with Buvina, southern Angoniland,
Uganda. Presented by C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1908.

8. 2. 14. 17. Skin. Jacqua, at junction of South
Buhuru Valley, with Karitu, southern Angoniland.

Same history.

6. 4. 3,5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Budda, Uganda;
collected by Mr. W. G. Doggett.

Presented by Licut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radcliffe, 1905.

S.—Tragelaphus seriptus dama.

Tragelaphus dama, O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1902,
p. 97; Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905; Matschie,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, pp. 544 and 546.

Tragelaphus scriptus dama, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 3824, 1908; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2,
p- 9, 1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910.

Typical locality Kavirondo, near the north-east shore of
the Victoria Nyanza.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann.

Described on the evidence of body-skins, which do not
show hairing of neck. Dorsal crest white; general colour
fulvous brown, darker below than above; no white transverse
stripes, but numerous white spots on haunches and fore-legs,
and a longitudinal row of same on flanks. Female light
reddish brown, not darker on under-parts.

No specimen in collection referred to this form.

T.Tragelaphus seriptus haywoodi.

Tragelaphus haywoodi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. ii, p. 181,
lbs. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, p. 9; Matschie, Sttzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 545,

Tragelaphus scriptus haywoodi, Roosevelt, African Game Trails,
p. 486, 1910.

(?) Tragelaphus haywoodi brunneus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 549.

Typical locality Nyeri, near upper Guaso-nyiro, north-
west of Kenia, B. E. Africa; drwnneus is from the westward
of Kenia.

Size large, with the neck fully haired, the dorsal crest
black as far as withers, but posteriorly whitish with some

TRAGELAPHIN & 171

black hairs; general colour very dark, the nape being black,
the fore-quarters blackish brown, passing into dark reddish
brown on middle of back and with deeper rufous on rump,
and the flanks gradually darkening into the black under-
parts; three inconspicuous whitish transverse stripes, and
a few white spots on haunches; forehead and crown deep
rusty red; cheeks tawny ochre; nose nearly black, with an
incomplete white chevron in front of the eyes, and a pair of
white spots on each side behind and below them.

5. 5. 16. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin (scalp separate).
Nyeri. Type. Presented by C. W. Haywood, Esq., 1905.

Some of the East African specimens entered under other
headings may be referable to this race.

U.—Tragelaphus scriptus delamerei.

Tragelaphus delamerei, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. v,
p-. 95, 1900; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 129, 1900; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806; Lénnberg,
Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat, Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus delamerei, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 324, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 309, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 307, 1914; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi,
no. 13, p. 1, 1913.

Tragelaphus tjederi, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxvi,
p. 148, 1909; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1912, pp. 545
and 547.

Tragelaphus scriptus tjederi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Sayer Valley, N.W. of Mount Kenia, near
Gessima, British East Africa.*

Described from an immature female specimen. Neck
with a short-haired collar; dorsal crest (non-existent in
type) white; general colour dark yellowish brown, passing
into yellowish fawn on shoulders and lower half of hind-
quarters, and becoming paler on under-parts ; no white body-
markings; head ruddy brown on forehead, with a blackish
band along muzzle, but no white stripe running inwards
from corner of eyes; white throat and chest bands small,
the former nearly obsolete; outer and inner sides of fore-legs
yellowish brown, with the front of the shanks to a little

* Tn original description the locality was given as Somaliland.

172 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

above knees blackish, and the pasterns black except for a
pair of small white spots above hoofs; hind-legs (in type)
similarly coloured, but paler above, with a white patch in
front of hocks.

T. tjederi, of which the typical locality is Nakuru,
B. E. Africa, only a comparatively short distance west of
Kenia (from which it is separated by the Aberdare Range),
was described as differing from delameret by the under-parts
being darker than the back, by the larger throat and chest
bands, and by the presence of a white stripe on front of hind-
shanks and of a white dorsal crest. Most or all of these
points of difference are due to differences of sex or age. The
type is in the U.S. National Museum, Washington.

0. 3. 27. 23. Skull and skin, immature female. Sayer
Valley, N.W. of Mount Kenia. Type.

Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900.

V.—Tragelaphus scriptus eldome.

Tragelaphus eldomx, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p- 550.

Typical locality Eldoma Ravine, Mau Forest, B. E.
Africa.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

A large, stoutly built, and long-haired race, with a nearly
bare collar on neck, and a blackish brown dorsal crest
intermingled with many light brownish grey hairs; general
colour bistre-brown, darkest on back and lightest on
shoulders, neck, and forehead, with a longitudinal row of
six light spots, and two or three faint ones on the haunches ;
under-parts deep blackish brown. In female only three or
four distinct lateral spots, but from six to eight more or
less defined ones on haunches; dorsal crest mixed with a few
white hairs, Skull with a very narrow forehead (54°5 mm.).

The following specimens represent this or some of the other
B. E. African forms which have received separate names :—

3. 3.17.1. Skin. Nandi Forest, B. E. Africa.

Presented by L. E. Caine, Esq., 1903.

6. 3.10.4. Skin. Londiani, B. E. Africa.

Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1906.

TRAGELAPHIN & 173

W.—Tragelaphus seriptus olivaceus.

Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol.
lxi, no. 13, p. 1, 19138.

Typical locality Maji-ya-Chumbi, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Smaller and lighter-coloured than delamerei; general
colour greyish olive, without any rufous suffusion; hair of
neck short throughout; dorsal crest white; sides and hind-
quarters with white spots; legs seal-brown (except where
white); auditory bulle of skull large. Female cinnamon-
coloured, with from six to eight white transverse stripes, a
longitudinal row of white spots, and a few white spots on
the haunches; crown of head and nose olive-brown, with-
out a white chevron in front of eyes, which is, however,
present in females. The short-haired neck would appear to
be merely a character of full maturity.

The range is stated to extend along “the edge of the
Taru Desert and the moist coast-strip from Kilimanjaro
northward at least as far as the Tana River. It is a
lighter-coloured race than either masaicus or delamerei, and
is readily distinguished by its lack of any rufous coloration
in the male ” (Heller).

No specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

X.—Tragelaphus scriptus massaicus.

Tragelaphus massaicus, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1902, p. 96; Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus scriptus masaicus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 824, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 807,
1910, ed. 7, p. 806, 1914; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lxi,
no. 18, p. 2, 1913.

Typical locality Upper Bubu Valley, north-west of
Trangi, German East Africa.

Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann.

Resembling mudticolor in general type of colouring, but.
with the black of the under-parts less sharply defined from
the rufous brown of the sides; the dorsal crest, four or more

174 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

transverse stripes, and a large number of spots on the
haunches white; head with much more white, notably a
spot on the nose; front of fore-legs with a black stripe,
which is wanting in hind-pair. Female bright rufous brown,
not darker below than above, with the white markings more
defined.
79. 11, 12. 20 (649, 2%). Skull, with horns. Mombasa;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1879.
80. 6. 9.1. Skin, mounted, female. One hundred miles
inland from Zanzibar; same collector.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1880.
84.11. 10.3. Skin, mounted. Manda Island, Zanzibar.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1884.
The reference of the Nyasa bushbuck to this race is
provisional.
91.5. 9.6. Skull, imperfect, with horns, Nyasaland.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CIALG., K.C.B., 1891.
93. 5. 6. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.

Zomba, Nyasaland ; collected by A. Whyte, Esq.
Same donor, 1893.

93. 5.6. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, young. Same

locality and collector. Same history.
93. 6. 5.3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.
93. 6.5.4. Skull, with horns, and skin, young. Same
locality and collector. Same history.
93. 6.5.5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.
93. 7. 9. 28. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

94, 3. 8.12. Foetal skin. Lake Mweru district ; collected

by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B. Same donor, 1894.

94. 6. 7. 8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba;

collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Same history.

96. 10. 26. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.
Summit of Mount Zomba.

Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C_B., 1896.

99. 6. 29.10. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Zomba.

Same donor, 1899.

TRAGELAPIININ A 175

Y.—Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus meruensis, Lénnberg, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-
Meru-Exped. p. 48, 1908; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Meru Vlateau, west of Kilimanjaro,
German East Africa.

Type in Royal Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Stockholm.

Allied to masaicus, from which it differs by the absence
of white body-stripes and of a white stripe below eye,
although the two cheek-spots persist. General colour dark
reddish brown, passing into smoky brown on shoulders and
sides of chest ; under-parts smoky brownish grey.

92.10.18. 14. Skull, female, probably belonging to this
form (Gf distinct). Kilimanjaro; collected by Sir F. J.
Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1892.

Z.—Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus.

Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 94, 1900; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 110, 1900; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 807;
Loénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905; Lydekker, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 325, 1908.

Tragelaphus ornatus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frewnde, 1912,

p. 644

Typical locality Linyanti, in the swamps of the Chobi,
between Lake Ngami and the Zambesi.

Shoulder-height about 28 inches; neck with a short-
haired collar; dorsal crest white; general colour rich dark
rufous, passing in places into black ; upper longitudinal white
band wanting, about six to eight transverse white stripes,
and a number of spots on haunches; outer sides of legs
blackish above knees and hocks, reddish below, inner sides
white close up to body; a broad black band above knees and
hocks; back and inner sides of knees and fronts and inner
sides of hocks white, whence a white stripe extends along
inner and front edges of shanks to the pasterus, which are

176 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

blackish, with a large white patch in front above hoofs,
Only three transverse stripes in female.
81.4. 20.4. Skin, mounted. Linyanti, Chobi Valley ;

collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Type. Purchased, 1881.
81. 4. 20. 5. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.
81. 4. 20.6. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality
and collector. Same history.
99. 8.17.1. Frontlet and horns. Zambesia; reference
provisional, Presented by F. H. Barber, Esq., 1899.

91. 3. 2.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lower Zambesi ;
collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased (Gerrard), 1891.

Z}.—Tragelaphus scriptus roualeyni.

Antelopus roualeynei, Gordon-Cumming, A Hunter's Life in 8S.
Africa, vol. ii, pp. 165 and 168, 1850; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 146, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 140, 1852.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus, Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Mamm.
p. 1838, 1852; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 105; Kirk, ebid.
1864, p. 659; Johnston, ibid. 1885, p. 218; Crawshay, ibid. 1890,
p. 655; Jackson, ibid. 1897, p. 456; nec Sparrman.

Tragelaphus roualeynei, Petzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 175, 1869; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 753,
A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 209, 1881; Matschie,
Sdugethtere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 188, 1895, Werther’s Die nvttl.
Hochland. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 257, pl. 1898, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 544; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 123, pl. xe, fig. 1, 1900; O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1900, p. 562; Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15,
p- 5, 1905.

Tragelaphus scriptus roualeyni, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 889, 1893, p. 504, 1896, p. 798; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
1892, p. 471; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, pp. 507 and 728;
Rendall, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 211, 1898; W. L. Sclater, Fauna
S. Africa, Manum. vol. i, p. 231, 1900; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 325, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 306, 1910, ed. 7, p. 8304, 1914; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p- 980.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus roualeyni, Jackson, Big Game Shooting
(Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 806, 1894, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 481, 1899.

Tragelaphus roualeyni typicus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iv, p. 128, 1900.

Typical locality Bakarikari (Makarikari), near the sources
of the Limpopo.
Nearly allied to the under-mentioned southern race

TRAGELAPHINAE 177

(sylvaticus), but with rather more pronounced white markings
in immature individuals; these almost or completely dis-
appearing in adults, of which the general colour is nearly
black or brownish grey. Females (like immature males)
redder, usually with faintly marked stripes and spots.

How far north this race extends is not yet ascertained.

52. 9. 22. 2. Skull, with horns. Limpopo Valley. May
be regarded as the type; figured in The Book of Antelopes,
vol, iv, figs. 100 and 101, pp. 126 and 127.

Presented by Roualeyn Gordon-Cumming, Esq., 1852.

Z’?,—Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus.

Antilope sylvatica, Sparrman, Act. Holm. 1780, p. 197, pl. vii, Reise
Cap. p. 517, pl. iii, 1784, English Transl. (Voyage to Cape of.
Good Hope, etc.) vol. i, p. 270, vol. ii, p. 220, pl. vi, 1786, French
Transl. vol. i, p. 298, pl. iii; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclvii,
B., 1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 141, 1785; Gmelin,
Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 318, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, p. 648, 1792;
Link, Beytrage Naturgeschichte, vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 348, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 115, 1802; Cuvier, Dict. Scr. Nat. vol. ii, p. 246, 1804;
Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sct. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 815, 1811;
Lichtenstein, Rewse, vol. i, p. 647, 1811; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 441, 1914; Afzeluws, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815; Burchell, List Quadr. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 7,
1817; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthtere, vol. v, p. 1209, 1818;
Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 896, 1821, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 428, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 27, pl. xxix, 1848;
Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822;
H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 275, vol. v,
p. 850, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 472, 1829;
Smuts, Hnum. Mamm. Cap. p. 87, 1832; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 38, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 364, 1868 ; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838; Huet, Bull. Soc.
Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 480, 1887.

Antilope (Gazella) sylvatica, Lichtenstein, Mag. Nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 178, 1814.

Cemas sylvatica, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 733, 1816.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75;
Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 197, 1816; Harris,
Wild Anim. 8. Africa, pp. 144 and 149, pl. xxvi, 1840; Gervais,
Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840; Lesson, Nowv. Tabl.
Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 181, 1842; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 165, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. pp. 59, 60, and 146, 1847,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 145, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 139, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 50, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1878,

IIl. N

178 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846;
Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 441, vol. v,
p. 448, 1855; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246,
1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wren, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 174,
1869; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 425, 1875; Brooke,
Proce. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 884; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 752, A Hunter's
Wanderings in 8. Africa, p. 208, 1881; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 260, 1884; Bryden, Kloof
and Karroo, p. 300, 1889; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(op. cit. vol. xi) p. 178, 1892; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind.
Mus. pt. ii, p. 154, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of
Mammals, p. 847, 1891; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 87, 1892; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 152, 1892 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 18938; Rendall, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 359; Powsargues, Ann. Sct. Nat. Zool. ser. 7,
vol. iv, pp. 81 and 83, 1897; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, p.117, pl. xc, fig. 2,1900; O. Newmnann, Sitazber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 98; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii,
no. 15, pp. 5 and 7, 1905; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool.
Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 85, 1907; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1912, p.544; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv,
p. 106, 1918.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) sylvatica, Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 469,
1822; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 383, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 296, 1836; A. Smith, 8. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 218,
1834; Retchenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 78, 1845; Giebel,
Sdugethiere, p. 309, 1853-55.

Calliope sylvatica, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 182, 1845.

Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 889; Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 484, 1899 ;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna of S. Africa, Mamm. vol. 1, p. 230, 1900;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 398, 1908; Ward, Records
of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 306, 1916, ed. 7, p. 304, 1914.

BoscusBok, or BusHBuck.

Typical locality Groot Vadersbosch district, Cape Colony.

Size approximately as in typical race; neck with a short-
haired collar; dorsal crest white. General colour deep
blackish brown, without longitudinal bands or transverse
stripes, but with a few small white spots on the haunches,
and one or two on the shoulders. Subadult males almost
greyish brown on back and reddish brown on rump and
flanks, with about nine white spots on haunches, and the
lower longitudinal band represented by a line of spots.
Females light reddish brown, marked much as in immature
males.

7,e. Skull, with horns, and skin. Cape of Good Hope;
collected by Dr. A. Krauss. Purchased.

TRAGELAPHIN 179

7,¢. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and collector.
Same history.

7, d (649, m). Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Same locality and collector. Same history.
7,@. 7,6. Skin and horns, and horns on part of skull.
South Africa, Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

48. 7. 11. 3 (649, d). Horns. Orange River district.
Purchased (Argent), 1848.

48.7. 11. 1-2 (649,06 and c). Two pairs of horns. Same

locality. Same history.
51. 5. 5. 8-9 (649, ¢ and /). Two skulls, female. Same
locality. Same history.

51. 5. 5. 10 (649, 9). Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Same history.

51. 8. 26.11. Skin, immature. Cape Colony.
Presented by Mrs. T. Baines, 1851.

89. 2. 4. 3. Frontlet, with horns. Victoria district,

Natal. Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.
94. 11. 4. 5. Skull, immature female. Barberton,
De Kaap, Transvaal. Presented by Dr. P. Rendall, 1894.

96. 12. 5. 1. Frontlet, with horns, and skin. Black

Unmvolosi Valley, Swaziland.
Presented by W. R. Bowker, Esq., 1896.

4. 8.51.9. Skull and skin, female. Sibudeni, Zululand ;

collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.
Presented by C. D, Rudd, Esq., 1904.

5.5.7. 111. Skull and skin, immature female. Knysna,

Cape Colony ; same collector. Same donor, 1905.
8. 1. 1. 128. Skull and skin, female. Tambarara,
Gorongoza, P. E. A.; same collector. Same donor, 1908.
&. 1.1. 140. Skull and skin (scalp separate), female.
Same locality and collector. Same history.
8. 1. 1.146. Skull, imperfect, and skin, female. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

II. TRAGELAPHUS ANGASI.

Tragelaphus angasi, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 89, pls. iv and
v; Gray, ibid. 1850, p. 144, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 138, 1852; Proudfoot, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1856, p. 199; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246,
1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Ween, vol. lix, pt.1, p.174,

N 2

180 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485, 1878, p. 884; Buck-
ley, ibid. 1876, p. 285; Thomas, ibid. 1891, p. 887, 1896, p. 798,
1897, p. 939; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 347,
1891; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 98, 1893, p. 799; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 352, 1893, Game Animals of Africa, p. 331,
1908; Rendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 859, Novit. Zool. vol. v,
p. 212, 1898; Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv,
p. 81, 1897; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 455,
1899; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 187,
pl. xcii, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 980; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 310, 1910, ed. 7, p. 808, 1914;
Letcher, Great Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 186, 1911.

Strepsiceros angasi, Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 171; Roberts,
Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Euryceros angasi, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872,
Hand-List Runinants Brit. Mus. p. 119, 1878.

Nyala angasi, Heller, Snuithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 16,
1912.

Nyaa, or INyALa.

Type of Nyala.

Typical locality St. Lucia Bay, Zululand.

Size medium, shoulder-height about 42 inches; nuchal
and dorsal crest much longer than in preceding species, a
profuse fringe of hair on throat and under-parts, and tail
more bushy and longer; horns forming rather more than
one complete turn; no white throat-band. General colour
slaty grey, with a tinge of yellowish rufous; forehead rufous
and orbital region fawn; upper lip and chin, two spots on
cheek below each eye, an imperfect suborbital chevron, base
of backs of ears, a chest-band, about fourteen more or less
distinct transverse stripes on body, and a few spots low
down on haunches, as well as a considerable proportion of
the hairs in the dorsal crest, and the whole under surface of
the tail, white; legs from just above knees and hocks to
hoofs bright tan, with a patch on inner side of upper part of
front pair, the inner sides of the knees, and the backs of the
front-shanks, as well as the inner sides of the thighs and
hocks, white; back of pasterns black; a pair of white spots
on front of pasterns above hoofs.

Female bright chestnut, with a dark face-blaze, a whitish
chevron, and about eleven transverse stripes and a few
haunch-spots white; dorsal stripe black, intersected with
white where crossed by transverse stripes; no long mane
or fringes.

TRAGELAPHIN 181

Skull with small orbits, facial portion of lachrymals long
and narrow, lachrymal vacuities small, nasal processes of

Fie. 25.—SkULL AND Horns or Nyana (Tragelaphus angasi).
From a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

maxille broad at tip, and nasals notched on outer side of
free extremity.

The range includes south-eastern Africa, from Zululand
to Nyasaland.

1170, ¢. Single horn. Locality unknown. No history.

50. 8. 30.1 (1170, 6). Skull, with horns. Sixty miles
up Maposta Valley, Amatongaland ; collected by Mr. Proud-
foot. Purchased, 1850.

182 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

50. 8. 30. 2. Skin, young female. Same locality and

collector. Same history.
58.4. 4.1. Skull, with horns, and frontlet and horns.
Pongola Valley, Zululand. Purchased (Eastwood), 1858.

58. 4.4. 2. Skull, female. Same locality. Same history.
71. 9. 1.1. Skin, mounted. St. Lucia Bay, Zululand.
Topo-type. Presented by R. S. Fellowes, Hsq., 1871.
71. 9.1.1. Skin, female, mounted. Same locality.
Same history.
92. 2. 6. 7. Skin. Moanza Valley, Shiré Highlands,
Nyasaland.
Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C_B., 1892.
93. 6.5.2. Skin, female. Zomba, Nyasaland; collected
by A. Whyte, Esq.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CILG., K.CB., 1893.
93. 7. 25.9. Skull, with horns, immature. Lake Mweru
district, N. E. Rhodesia; collected by R. Crawshay, Esq.
Same history.
95. 7. 6. 1. Frontlet and horns and skin. Manbana,
Nyasaland. Presented by Capt. G. Oliver, R.N., 1895.
95.7. 6.2. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.
96. 11. 28. 9. Skin, mounted, and skull. British

Amatongaland. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1896.
96. 11. 28. 10. Skin, mounted, and skull, female. Same
locality. Same history.

2.2.8.4. Skull, young. Pengola Valley, Zululand.
Presented by Surg.-Gen. Sir David Bruce, C.B., 1902.
8. 3.17.3. Frontlet and horns (fig. 25). Zululand.
Length of horns 313 inches, girth 84, tip-to-tip interval
123 inches. The “record” horns in Ward’s 1910 list.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1908.

III. TRAGELAPHUS BUXTONI.

Strepsiceros, or Tragelaphus, buxtoni, Lydekker, Nature, vol. lxxxiv,
p. 897, 1910.

Tragelaphus buxtoni, Lydekker, Field, vol. cxxi, p. 798, 1910, Proc.
Zool, Soc. 1911, p. 848, pl. xvi, Game Animals of Africa, Suppl.
p- 17, 1911; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 812, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 810, 1914.

TRAGELAPHIN & 183

Mountain Nyaa.

Typical locality Sahatu Mountains (9000 ft.), westward
of the Arusi Plateau, Gallaland.

Size larger than in any other member of the genus, the
shoulder-height being about 52 inches; coat rather long and
coarse, with an incipient fringe on throat; general colour
brownish fawn or brownish grey passing into dull tan in

Fic. 26.—Mounrain Nvaza (Tragelaphus buxtont).

the region of the eyes, and becoming darker on nose and
chocolate-brown on forehead above chevron; a short dark
brown mane on neck, continued backwards as a brown and
white dorsal crest; tail bushy, white beneath; ears moderately
wide and tubular with white hairs on margins; chevron
between aud below eyes, a pair of spots on sides of face and
another above neck, upper lip and chin, a gorget on throat
and another on chest, a curved longitudinal band of nine
spots on upper part of sides and in some cases an indistinct

184 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

transverse stripe on hind-quarters, a spot on upper part of
thighs, inner surface of upper portion of fore-legs and of
thighs, a patch on fore-legs below knees, extending on to
outer and inner sides of limbs, but not reaching pasterns, a
somewhat similar area on hind-legs, extending slightly above

Fic. 27.—SKULL anp Horns or Mountain Nyata (Tragelaphus buxtoni).
From a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

hocks, and a pair of oval spots on pasterns above hoofs
white; under-parts rather lighter than back. Horns nyala-
like, but heavier, obliquely ridged at bases, divergent, with
an open spiral, forming about one complete turn and a
quarter, with smooth yellow-tipped terminal portion. In
the type the horns measure 37 inches in length and 9} in

TRAGELAPHINA 185

basal girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of 21 inches, but in an
older specimen the corresponding dimensions are respectively
39, 92, and 22 inches.

10. 11. 29. 1. Skin, subadult, mounted. Sahatu Moun-
tains, Arusi Gallaland. Type (fig. 26).

Presented by Ivor Buxton, Esq., 1910.
12.12. 2.1. Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1912.
14. 5. 7.1. Two body-skins. Same locality.
Presented by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd., 1914.

2. Suscenus LIMNOTRAGUS.

Hydrotragus, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 49, 1872, nec
Futzinger, 1866.

Limnotragus, Sclater and Thomas,* Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
pp. 90 and 108, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 980;
Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

Hoofs elongated, backs of pasterns bare.

The range includes the Congo Valley and the neighbour-
hood of the great lakes of southern and eastern Africa,
extending northwards to Tanganyika and the Bahr-el-Ghazal,
and southwards to the Chobi and Zambesi.

IV. TRAGELAPHUS (LIMNOTRAGUS) SPEKEI.

Tragelaphus spekei, Sclater, in Speke’s Journal of Discovery, p. 223,
1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, pl. xii, 1880, p. 452, 1888,
p. 84; Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869; Peters, Mitt. Ak.
Berlin, 1876, p. 484; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485, 1878,
p. 884; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 83, 1887;
Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 888; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 3847, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 155, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893 ; Jackson,
Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 311, 1894;
Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 185, 1895; Pow-
sargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 78, 1897; Roth-
schild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898; Gedge, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 476, 1899 ; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia,
p. 208, 1911; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Eurycerus (Hydrotragus) spekii, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 49, 1872.

* In this portion of the work the place of Mr. Thomas was taken
by Mr. Pocock.

186 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Eurycerus spekii, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 119, 1878.

Limnotragus spekii, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 151, pl. xciii, 1900; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486,
1910.

Tragelaphus speekei, O. Newmann, Siteber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905,
p. 90.

Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spekei, Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 335, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 818, 1910, ed. 7, p. 312, 1914; Matschte, Beréff. Inst.
Jagdkunde, vol. ii, p. 179, 1913.

Typical locality Victoria Nyanza; the range is co-
extensive with that of the genus.

Size medium ; shoulder-height from about 32 to 42 inches.
Male with a heavy fringe on throat and under-parts, a long,
coarse coat, and horns (fig. 28) of the short, open-spiralled
type of 7. angasi, but frequently developing more than two
complete turns of a spiral; general colour varying from
greyish brown to rich nearly chocolate brown, with a gorget
on throat and another on chest, and face and limb markings
generally similar to those of 7. angasi ; sexes unlike or like
in colour.

The skull has the small orbits and narrow lachrymals of
T. angasi.

The four local races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Sexes unlike in colour.

@; Size smaller vss csvsixesgosesmcavacvenss serwnewescevess T. 8. speket.
b. Size larger.
a’. Frontal chevron small..............:00:000 T. s. gratus.
bo’. Frontal chevron large .............:eeeeee eee T.s.albonotatus.
B. Sexes alike in colour, size larger.............ccsceeeee T. s. seloust.

A.—Tragelaphus spekei spekei.
Tragelaphus spekei spekei, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206,
1898.

Tragelaphus spekei typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 814, 1910, ed. 7, p. 318, 1914.

(?) Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spekei vgalle, Matschie, Beroff. Inst.
Jagdkunde, vol. ii, p. 179, 1918.

Typical locality the Victoria Nyanza; the range extending
nearly to the Zambesi.

Size small, shoulder-height about 36 inches; sexes
dissimilar in colour. General colour nearly uniform

TRAGELAPHIN A 187

greyish brown, becoming greyer on sides of neck; a
dark line running from nape of neck to withers, replaced
posteriorly by a white dorsal stripe; a few pale spots on
lower part of hind-quarters, and a faint band of same on
flanks, with, in some cases, traces of vertical stripes; legs
deeper coloured than body, inner sides of knees and fore-
shanks and fronts of hocks paler; hoof-spots scarcely visible.
Good horns range from about 32 to 353% inches in length
along the curve, with a basal girth of from 74 to 83, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 72 to 26 inches.
T. s. ugalle, from Ugalla, German East Africa, is stated
to differ by its more bent horns.
63. 7.7.2. Skin, young, mounted. Karagwé, Victoria
Nyanza. Presented by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.
63. 7.7.3. Skull, young. Same locality. Same history.
63. 7.7.4. Frontlet and horns. Same locality. Type.
Same history.
94.3, 14.1. Skin. Uganda; collected by E. Gedge, Esq.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.
0.10. 3.4-5. Twoskulls,female. Left bank of Linyanti
Valley, B. E. Africa. Presented by P. C. Reid, Esq., 1900.
0. 10. 3.6. Skull, with horns, young. Same locality.
Same history.
5.4.3.6. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Kaguiga Island, Uganda.
Presented by Lieut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1905.
5. 4.3.7. Skull and skin, female. Same locality.
Same history.
5. 4.3.8. Skull and skin, immature female, Mesogi
Island, Kagera River, Buddu. Same history.
5.4.5.9. Skin, immature. Mouth of Kagera Valley.
Same history.
5. 4.3. 10-11. Two skins. South-west Ankoli.
Same history.
5. 4.3.12. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.
Same history.
13. 3.1.7. Skin. Same locality.
Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.CM.G., C.B., 1913.
13. 3.1.8. Skin,female. Same locality. Same history.

188 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.—Tragelaphus spekei gratus.

Tragelaphus gratus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 452, pl. xliv,
1883, p. 84, 1889, p. 220; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,
p- 275, 1887; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 3887; Flower
and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 347, 1891; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1905, p. 90.

Tragelaphus spekei gratus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206,
1898 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 236, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 316, 1910, ed. 7, p. 815, 1914.

Limnotragus gratus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 165, pl. xev, 1900; Ellot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool.
Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 87,1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 930.

NAKOoNG,

Typical locality Gabun.

Larger than typical race (shoulder-height about 40 inches),
with the coat shorter; general colour rich, nearly chocolate,’
brown, becoming blackish on front of face, under-parts, and
limbs, and marked with a lateral band of indistinct white
spots, five or six more or less defined whitish transverse body-
stripes, with numerous white or whitish spots, dorsal streak,
and a few spots on haunches white; white patches on fore-
legs behind and below knees and on hind-legs in front
of and below hocks, and large white spots on front of
pasterns above hoofs in both pairs. Female smaller, rich
chestnut red, darker above than below, and marked like
male, with the exception that the dorsal line is black, and
that there are no white spots on front of pasterns above
hoofs.

The range extends on the West Coast from the Cameruns
to the Congo.

48. 11. 20. 14. Pair of horns. Kokki, Cameruns.
Noticed in Proc. Zool. Soc. June 13, 1848, without definite
name. Presented by Capt. W. Allen, B.N., 1848.

52. 2. 26. 30. Two single horns. Gabun.

Purchased (Parzudakt), 1852.

65. 5. 9. 20. Skin and horns. Gabun; collected by
Monsieur P. B. du Chaillu. Purchased, 1865.

82. 7. 24. 11. Head, mounted, body-skin, and skull.
Gabun. Purchased (Gerrard), 1882.

TRAGELAPHIN AL 189

83. 4. 28.1. Skin, female. Gabun. Type.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1883.
8. 4, 24.4. Two miles east of Benguella.
Presented by Dr. C. H. Wellman, 1908.

C.—Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus.

Tragelaphus gratus albonotatus, O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1905, p. 90.

Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 837, 1908.

Typical locality unknown; possibly either Upper Guinea
or Angola.

Type formerly living in Berlin Zoological Gardens.

Stated to differ from gratus by the longer and wider
frontal chevron, which extends upwards to the horns, the
broader and more distinct white lines on the sides of the
nose, between which and the white spot below the outer
angles of the eyes is a broad yellow band bordering the
eyelids, the white ear-tips, the paler limbs, and the larger
amount of white above the hoofs and on the hind-legs and
thighs.

No specimen in collection.

D.—Tragelaphus spekei selousi.

Tragelaphus spekei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, pl. xii,
1890, p. 590, pl. xlvii; Kirk, «bid. 1864, p. 657; Brooke, ibid.
1871, p. 485; Selous, zbid. 1881, p. 758, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 470, 1899, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388; Nicholls
and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 40, 1892.

Tragelaphus selousi, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898;
Rendall, ibid. p. 215; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 937, 1900.

Limnotragus selousi, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 157, pl. xciv, 1900.

Tragelaphus spekei selousi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 857, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 314, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 812, 1914. ;

Limnotragus gratus selousi, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p, 981.

SrrutuneGa, or SITATUNGA.

Typical locality Zambesi Valley.
Type, none mentioned in original description.
Size approximately as in gratus (42 inches at shoulder) ;

190 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

general colour bright greyish brown, with a chevron on nose,
a patch below each eye, another on throat, base of ears, lower
lip and chin, and inside of knees white; females rather
darker with little or no white on face and throat. The

Fic, 28.—Hrap or Zampesi Sirutunea (Tragelaphus [Limnotragus]
spekei seloust).

longest recorded horns (Lake Mweru) measure 352 inches on
curve.

The range includes all that part of the range of the
species lying to the south of the Zambesi Valley.

56. 10. 7. 1 (1990,d). Frontlet and horns, young. Lake
Ngami. Presented by J. A. Green, Esq., 1856.

TRAGELAPHIN.AL 191

56. 10. 7. 1* (1990, ¢). Frontlet and horns. Same
locality. Same history.
60. 2. 11. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zambesi
Valley ; collected by J. Chapman, Esq.
Purchased (Verreaux), 1860.
81.10. 28.8. Horns and feet. Chobi Valley.
Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1881.
81.10. 28.9. Horns. Same locality. Same history.
93. 7. 25.10. Frontlet and horns. Lake Mweru, N. W.
Rhodesia ; collected by R. Crawshay, Esq.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C_M.G., K.C.B., 1893.
4.9.25. 2. Skin, female. Barotsiland.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1904.
5. 2.13.1. Skull and skill, female. Cake Ngami.
Co-type. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1905.
6. 8. 3. 2-3. Two frontlets and horns. South Africa.
Presented by J. Kenny, Hsq., 1906.
7. 7.12.1. Skin, mounted, immature (fig. 28). Zambesia.
Presented by Lieut.-Col. J. Hannington, 1907.
8. 5.10.1. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin
separate). Isapa Swamp, south end of Lake Tanganyika.
Presented by R. L. Harper, Esq., 1908.
10. 7.15.1. Skulland skin, female. Okovango Marshes.
Presented by H. Hannay, Esq., 1910.
13. 11. 27. 2. Skull, with horns, immature and imperfect,
and skin. Lungo Valley, Lake Mweru district, N. W.
Rhodesia. Presented by O. E. Wynne, Esq., 1913.
13. 11. 27. 3. Skull and skin, female. Same locality.
Same history.

II. Genus STREPSICEROS.

Strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 365,
1827; Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 78, 1878;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 171, 1900;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931.

Calliope, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138.

Ammelaphus, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 8, p. 15,
1912.

Closely allied to Zragelaphus, but the hind surface of the
bases of the horns, with a scarcely appreciable external keel,

192 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

and the horn-spiral typically more open and forming at least
two-and-a-half complete turns. Sexes nearly alike in colora-
tion ; tail thickly haired, as in most species of Tragelaphus.
The range includes eastern and southern Africa from
Abyssinia and Somaliland to Cape Colony, and thence along
the western side of the continent as far north as the Congo.
The two existing species are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Size very large; horns with a very open spiral;

throat tufted in male... eee eee eee S. strepsiceros.
B. Size relatively small; horns with a closer spiral ;
throat: smooths. wudia siaiusenmsvenidevsners sccanweuoen S. imberbis.

J. STEPSICEROS IMBERBIS.

Strepsiceros imberbis, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1869, p. 55; Sclater,
tbid. 1878, p. 441, 1884, pp. 45 and 489, pl. iv, 1892, pp. 102 and
118; Phillips, ibid. 1885, p. 981; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acchim.
ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 76, 1887; Hunter, Walloughby’s Great Game of
East Africa, p. 288, 1889; Jentenk, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xii,
p. 211, 1890, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi)
p. 172, 1892; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 348,
1891; Inverarity, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi,
p. 465, pl. 1891, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 461,
1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 168, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 3823, 1910, ed. 7, p. 821, 1914; Swayne, Proe. Zool. Soc.
1892, p. 3802; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 1898,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 349, 1908; Jackson, Big Game
Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 804, 1894, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1897, p. 454; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika,
p. 187, 1895, Werther’s Die nuttl. Hochlind. Deutsch-Ost-
afrika, p. 255, 1898; Hilot, Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. i,
p. 184, 1897, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (op. cit. vol. viii) p. 88,
1907; Pousargues, Ann. Sev. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81,
1897; de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 768; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 185, pl. xevii, 1900;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinta,
p. 477, 1902; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 575, 1904;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1905, vol. i, p. 141; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somals. p. 95, 1910.

Strepsiceros tendal, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 118,
1878, nec Cretaschmar.

Ammelaphus imberbis, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8,
p. 15, 1912, vol. lxi, no. 18, p. 2, 1913.

Lesser Kupv.

Type of Ammelaphus.
Typical locality Somaliland.
Size relatively small, shoulder-height about 40 inches;

TRAGELAPHIN& 193

horns (fig. 29) forming a narrow close spiral, with distinct
rings; no throat-fringe, but a white gorget on throat and
another on chest; general deep yellowish grey, becoming
blackish on muzzle, cheeks, under surface of lower jaw, and
under-parts ; upper lip and chin, one or two spots on cheeks,

Fic. 29.—SKULL anp Horns (A) anp FronrnetT anp Horns (B) oF
Lesser Kupvu (Strepsiceros imberbis).

and a chevron on nose white; ears whitish at base and on
front of margins; a black nuchal stripe from occiput to
withers, continued as a white one to root of tail; body
marked with from eleven to fourteen transverse white stripes,
the first crossing shoulders, and the last, which is very short,
close to tail, the tail itself being black at tip and white
beneath ; fore-legs grey superiorly, but rich fawn from above
1. 6)

194 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

knees to hoofs, witha large patch on inner side of upper part
and another behind the knees white, and a black patch on
inner surface above knees; shanks and pasterns black behind,
the latter with or without a pair of white spots above hoofs
in front; fronts of thighs and inner sides of hind-legs white,
rest of hind-legs bright fawn, except for a white patch on
front of pasterns and another on inner side of same. Nape
of neck and withers with a scanty but longish mane,
continued posteriorly as a dorsal crest; hair on sides of neck
and throat shorter than elsewhere (as in Tragelaphus scriptus).
Female smaller without mane, and with white markings on
head and throat less pronounced, the head more uniformly
fawn, and the body rich rufous fawn, faintly tinged with
grey. Basal length of skull 11? inches, maximum width 44,
length from muzzle to orbit 62 inches. Fine horns measure
from 30 to 354 inches in length along the curve, with a basal
girth of from 53 to 74, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 94 to
152 inches.

The skull is characterised by the broad and rectangular
lachrymal vacuities, elongated premaxille, long nasal processes
of lachrymal, the length of the maxillary border of the jugal,
which has a broad rectangular notch below the orbit, the
small supraorbital pits, the small masseter knob on the sides
of the maxille; elongated anterior palatine foramina; and
the slight boss in the profile at root of nasals.

Heller remarks that as regards coloration and skull-
characters this species is as nearly related to the bushbuck as
it is to the kudu, for which reason he refers it to a separate
genus. In the opinion of the writer, it would be preferable
to include both this and the next species in Zragelaphus.

The range extends from Somaliland and Abyssinia to
B. E. Africa.

A.—Strepsiceros imberbis imberbis.

Typical locality Somaliland.
General colour relatively pale, a white spot on front of
fore-pasterns, horns proportionately long.
61. 2. 30.10. Skin, mounted. Somaliland. Type.
Transferred from India Museum, 1861.

TRAGELAPHINE 195

74.4.20.4. Skin,immature. Southern Somaliland; col-
lected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Purchased, 1874.
74. 4. 28. 8. Pair of horns. Juba Valley; same

collector. Same hastory.
79. 11.12.14. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Purchased, 1879.
79. 11.12.15. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

84. 11. 25. 1. Skin, mounted, immature. Somaliland.
Presented by Dr. P. L, Sclater, 1884.
86. 1. 25, 2-3. Two skins. High plateau south of
Berbera; collected by Herr J. Menges. Same donor, 1886.
92. 2.5.6, Skin. Near Berbera; collected by Lieut.-

Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Same donor, 1892.
93. 6. 30. 2. Skull, with horns. Shebeli Valley, Somali-
land. Presented by Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.

93. 6. 30.9. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.
93.12.1.4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Central
Somaliland ; collected by Lieut.-Col. Swayne.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1893.
98. 6.9.18. Skin, mounted. Somaliland.
Presented by R. Mc. D. Hawker, Esq., 1898.
98. 6.9.19. Skull, with horns, immature. Somaliland.
Same history.
6.11. 1.68. Skin, female. Lake Zuay (Zwei). N. E.
Africa; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.
Presented by W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.
12.12. 2.4. Skin. Arusi-Gallaland.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1912.
12.12. 26.2. Skin. Gadabursi, Somaliland.
Presented by F. R. Roberts, Esq., 1912.

B.—Strepsiceros imberbis australis.

Ammelaphus imberbis australis, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. lxi, no. 18, p. 2, 1913.

Typical locality Longaya watering-place, Marsabit district,
British East Africa.
Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.
Stated to differ from typical race by darker general colour
0 2

196 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

(bright ochery tawny), absence of white spot on front of
fore-pasterns, and shorter horns,

97. 6. 21. 1. Skin, mounted, female. East Africa;
collected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B. Faint traces
of spots on front pasterns are noticeable.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1897.

1. 4. 3. 4. Skull, with horns, young. German East
Africa. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1901.

II. STREPSICEROS STREPSICEROS,

Antilope strepsiceros, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spictl, Zool.
fase. i, p. 17, 1767, xii, pp. 19 and 69, 1777; Hraleben, Syst.
Regn. Antiin. p. 282, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 542, 1777, Geogr. Geschich. vol. ii, p. 115, 1780; Gatterer,
Brev. Zool. pt. i, p. 81, 1780; Schreber, Saugthiere, pl. celxvii,
1784; Boddaert, Hlenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788; Pennant, Quadrupeds, vol. i,
p. 77, 1781, p. 88, pl. xiv, 1793; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. King-
dom, p. 819, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beitrdége, vol. i, p. 648,
1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Cuvier,
Tabl. Elém. Hist. Nat. p. 164, 1798, Régne Anim. vol. i, p. 268,
1817, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 246, 1804 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 334, fig. 185, 1801; Turton, Linn,.’s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 116, 1802; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. vi,
p. 129, 1803; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 410, 1808; Thunberg,
Mém, Ac. Sci. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 317, 1811; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 4389, 1814; Afzeliws, Nova Acta Soc.
Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Burchell, List Quadrupeds pre-
sented to Brit. Mus. p. 7, 1817, Travels in 8. Africa, vol. i,

p. 837 and 3874, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthtere, vol. v,
p. 1207, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396,
1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 480, 1845, Mon, Antilop. p. 28,
pl. xxxi, 1848; Desmoulins, Doct. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447,
1822; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829; Riippell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 26, 1835-40; Lesson, Hist. Nat,
Mamm. vol. x, p. 803, 18386; Masson, Cuvier’s Régne Anim.
vol. i, p. 817, 1836; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 634, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 42, 1888; Forster, Descrip. Anim. pp. 36 and 877, 1844;
Reichenbach, Sdugethtere, vol. ili, p. 145, 1845; Drummond,
Large Game S. Africa, p. 425, 1875.

Ovis strepsiceros, Miiller, Linn,’s Natursyst. vol, i, p. 429, pl. xxvi,
figs. 1 and 2, 1773; nec Linn.

Capra strepsiceros, Thunberg, Resa, vol. ii, p. 100, 1789, English
Transl. of same, vol. ii, p. 89, 1793.

Antilope (Gazella) strepsiceros, Lichtenstein, Mag. Nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 172, 1814.

Cerophorus (Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Blawnville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, p. 75.

TRAGELAPHIN & 197

Antilope (Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Desmarest, Dict. Hist. Nat.
ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 197, 1816, Mammalogie, p. 468, 1822; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 883, 1827, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm.
p. 181, 1842; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840;
Wagner, Schreber’s Stiugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 445, 1844,
vol. v, p. 440, 1855; Gebel, Sdugethtere, p. 311, 1853-55.

Damalis strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 859, 1827,

Damalis (Strepsiceros) strepsiceros, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 865,
1827.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros, Smuts, Hnwm. Mamm. Cap. p. 92, 1832;
Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, p. 190, 1852; Jentink, Cat.
Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 140, 1887,
Notes Leyden Mus. vol. ix, p. 178, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892; Rendall and
Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 212, 1898 ; Matschie, Werther’s
Die mittl. Hochland. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 254, 1898; de
Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 768; Rothschild, Powell-
Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 477, 1902; EHiliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 88,
1907; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 937; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus.
vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Strepsiceros capensis, A. Smith, 8. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 223, 18384; Harris, Wild Animals 8. Africa, p. 1038, pl. xx,
1840; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 178,
pl. xevi, 1900; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p. 241, 1900; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 341, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 318, 1910, ed. 7, p. 316,
1914; Letcher, Big Game N. H. Rhodesia, p. 188, 1911.

Calliope strepsiceros, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 188; Riippell,
Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 181, 1842.

Strepsiceros koodoo, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 180,
pl. xx, 1836; Letcher, Big Game N. HE. Rhodesia, p. 188, 1911.

Strepsiceros kudu, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1848, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 148,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 26, pl. xxiv, fig. 2, 1850, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 225, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 188, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 46, 1872, Hand-
List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 117, 1873; Gervais, Hist. Nat.
Mamm. vol. ii, p. 200, 1855 (coudou); Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm., Brit. Mus. p. 245, 1862; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p. 105, 1884, p. 47, 1892, pp. 102 and 118; Kirk, ibid. 1864,
p. 659; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 176, 1869; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 270, 1870; Buckley,
Proc. Zool, Soc. 1872, p. 454, 1876, pp. 284 and 291; Garrod,
ibid. 1877, p. 4; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 745; Brehm, Thierleben,
Saugethiere, vol. iii, p. 227, 1880; Selows, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,
p. 751, A Hunter’s Wanderings in 8. Africa, p. 207, 1881, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 441, 1899; Johnston, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1884, p. 542; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll.
Surg. pt. ii, p. 258, 1884; Phillips, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 931;
Hunter, Willoughby’s Great Game of E. Africa, p. 287, 1889;
Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 291, 1889, Nature and Sport in

198 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

8. Africa, p. 241, 1897; Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890,
p. 659; Jentink, Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xii, p. 211, 1890; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 153, 1891; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 348, 1891; Inverarity, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi, p. 463, 1891, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 445, 1899; Nicholls and Eglington, Sports-
man in 8. Africa, p. 52, 1892; Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 801, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 302, 1895; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 25, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 440, 1899; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i, p. 288, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454; Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 145, 1896, p. 798; Matschie, Sdugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 186, 1895; Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. i, p. 182, 1900; de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 83;
Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 574,1904; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somali. p. 92, 1910.

Strepsiceros excelsus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 196, 1846.

Damalis (Strepsiceros) capensis, A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
pl. xii, 1859.

Antilope (Addax) strepsiceros, Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1861.

Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869,
Reise Nordost-Afrika, p. 118, 1877.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros zambesiensis, “Lorenz, Ann. Hof. Mus.
Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894.

(?) Antilope torticornis, Hermann, Obs. Zool. pt. i, p. 87, 1804.*

Kupv (Koopoo), or Korpos.

The type species.

Size very large (shoulder-height from about 50 to
52 inches); throat without white gorget, but heavily fringed ;
and horns forming a much more open spiral than in pre-
ceding species. General colour ranging from reddish fawn
to (in old animals) pale bluish grey; neck brown at base
and darker than shoulder; head darker than fore part of
neck, with a whitish area round each eye, and an infra-
orbital chevron, two or three spots on each side of cheeks,
edges of upper lips, and chin and under surface of lower jaw
white; a thickish fringe of white and blackish brown hairs
extending from middle of under surface of lower jaw to
lower part of throat, which lacks a white gorget; neck and
withers with a brown mane, continued posteriorly as a white
fringe to root of tail; sides of body and haunches marked
with from about four to nine or ten vertical white stripes ; tail

* Vide ‘‘ Book of Antelopes,”’ vol. iv, p. 175.

TRAGELAPHIN & 199

white below with a black tip; under-parts greyish, tending
to black in middle; legs rich fawn to knees and hocks, the
front pair whitish on inner side at origin and behind knees,
as well as on inner and hind aspects of shanks, with a pale
blackish brown patch on inner side above knees, and the
pasterns black behind, with faint traces of a pair of white

Fig. 30.—Sxutt anp Horns or Kupuv (Strepsiceros strepsiceros).

spots above the hoofs in front; in hind pair the inner side
of the upper portion of the thighs and the front surface down
to the hocks white, this gradually dying out between the
hocks and pasternus. Basal length of skull (in southern race)
about 15 inches, interval between orbit and muzzle 9, and
maximum width about 62 inches. Horns with an open
spiral ; fine examples measure from 55 to 61 inches in length

200 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

along the curve, with a basal girth of from 10 to 14, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 19 to 48} inches.

In females the general colour is nearly uniform fawn,
rather darker above than below; in the young the colour is
redder than in the adult, with the white markings more
pronounced.

The skull differs from that of the preceding species by
the narrower and more triangular lachrymal vacuity and the
greater development of the masseter knob.

The named races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Stripes very numerous, usually 9 or 10............... S. s. strepsiceros.
B. Stripes fewer, usually 6 to 8........ eee eeeee S. s. bea.
c. Stripes still fewer, usually 4 or 5, but occasionally 7 S. s. chora.

A.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsiceros.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsiceros, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905,
vol. i, pp. 140, 141.

Strepsiceros capensis typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 819, 1910, ed. 7, p. 317, 1914.

Typical locality Cape Colony.
Stripes numerous, usually nine or ten.
The range probably extends as far north as the Zambesi.
42.12.6.12. Skin, mounted. S. Africa.
Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1842.
44.4.1.1. Skin, mounted. S. Africa.
Purchased (Stevens), 1844.
46. 6. 15. 31. Skin, mounted, female, and skull
(46. 11. 20.5). Cape Colony. Purchased (Warwick), 1846.
46. 6.1.4. Skin, mounted, young. Cape Colony.
Purchased (Stevens), 1846.
48. 7. 11. 1. Skull, with horns. Probably South
African. Purchased, 1848.
60. 4. 22.1. Skull, with horns, immature. 8S. Africa.
Purchased (Stevens), 1860.
91. 7. 20.1. Frontlet and horns, immature. Interior of
Natal. Purchased (Stevens), 1891.
93. 4.2.1. Skin, mounted. Macloutsie Valley, Upper
Limpopo. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esy., 1893.

TRAGELAPHINE 201

5. 5.18.1. Skin, Zululand.
Presented by Surg.-Gen, Sir D. Bruce, C.B., 1905.
10. 6. 10. 5., Skull, with horns. Angola.
Presented by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, 1910.
12.10.19. 1. Frontlet and horns. Zeerust, Transvaal.
Presented by T. J. Starke, Esq., 1912.
Of the following specimens—from unknown localities—
the majority probably belong to the present race.
646, bd. Pair of horns.
Presented by the Trustees of the Hunterian Museum.

646,d. Skull-face, with horns. Same history.
646,¢. A similar specimen. Same history.
646, 7 Skull, with horns. Same history.

61. 8.21.8 (646, m). Skeleton and skin, immature female.
No history.

96. 6. 30.1. Skin, female.
Presented by J. G. Millais, Esq., 1896.

B.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lxi,
no. 13, p. 8, 1913.

Typical locality Donyo Gelsha, on the escarpment east of
Lake Baringo, British East Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

General colour brighter than: in typical race, with the
stripes more conspicuous, but reduced in number to six or
eight. Compared with the next race, which it resembles in
the reduction of the stripes, it differs by the darker colour of
the median region of- the back, the ear-tips, and the bands
on the pasterns, as well as by the longer coat and more
conspicuous stripes.

93. 7. 9. 25. Skull, with horns. Shiré Highlands,
Nyasaland; collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Length of horns,
on curve, 52 inches.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1893.

7.10. 25. 6. Frontlet and horns, provisionally referred
to this race. Portuguese Kast Africa.

Presented by F. Vaughan Kirby, Esq., 1907.

202 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

7.12.15.1. Skin. Katambas, N. E. Rhodesia.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
8. 3. 14. 3. Skin. Laikipia Plateau, British East
Africa. Presented by Capt. the Hon. H. C. Guest, 1908.

C.—Strepsiceros strepsiceros chora.

(2?) Antilope tendal, Cretzschmar, Atlas to Riippell’s Reise nordl.
Africa, p. 22, 1826; Fischer, Synop. Mamm., p. 475, 1829. May
be Addax nasomaculatus.

Antilope chora, Cretzschmar, loc. cit. 1826; Fischer, loc. cit. 1829.

Strepsiceros abyssinicus, Fitzinger, Siteber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 176, 1869.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros chora, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 19085, vol. i,
p. 140; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lxi, no. 18, p. 3,
1913.

Strepsiceros capensis chora, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 842, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 821, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 819, 1914.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

Number of stripes frequently not exceeding four or five,
but occasionally reaching seven, when, however, only four
or five are distinct and clearly defined.

The range includes Somaliland and Abyssinia. _

71. 11. 29. 1 (646, 2). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Bogoslaud, Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

71. 11. 29. 2. Skin, mounted. Same locality.

Same history.

71. 11. 29. 3. Skull, female. Same locality.

Same history.

4.7. 2.8. Head, mounted. N. E. Africa.

Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

4, 8. 25. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Blue Nile.

Presented by Capt. C. P. Roberts, 1904.

5. 5. 29.1. Skin, immature. Somaliland.

Presented by the Zoological Society, 1905.

5. 9. 21. 13-14. Two skulls, with horns. Sennar.

Presented by Capt. H. de H. Smith, 1905.

13. 7.18.1. Skull, with horns. Somaliland.

Presented by Guy Chetwynd, Hsq., 1913.

TRAGELAPHINA 203

Ill.—Genus BOOCERCUS.

Euryceros, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 144, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 47, 1872, nec Lesson, 1830.

Boocercus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x, p. 809,
1902; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931.

Boocerus, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., Suppl. p. 731, 1904, errorim.

Differs from the two preceding genera by the presence
of horns in both sexes, the terminally tufted tail, and the
absence of inguinal glands; horns smooth, forming an open
tragelaphine spiral of about one complete turn, with yellow
tips; no frontal tuft or dewlap. Restricted to the forest-
zone of Equatorial Africa.

BOOCERCUS EURYCERUS

Antilope euryceros, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 120; Water-
house, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1886; Temminck,
Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 190, 1853; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim.
ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 468, 1887.

Tragelaphus eurycerus,* Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Réegne Anim., Mamm.
p. 181, 1842; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 144, 1861, p. 276,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, pl. xxiii, fig. 1, 1850, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 186, 1852; Wagner, Schreber’s Sadugthiere, Suppl.
vol. v, p. 441, 1855; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 246, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 174, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485,
pl. xxxix; Sclater, cbid. 1883, p. 35; Thomas, ibid. 1891, p. 387 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 347, 1891; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 158, 1892, ed. 2, p. 202, 1896 ; Jentink,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893; Pousargues, Ann.
Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897; Rothschild, Novit.
Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898; Bryden, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 454, 1899; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 131, pl. xci, 1900. 5

Antilope (Addax) euryceros, Laurilard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 620, 1861.

Tragelaphus albo-virgatus, dw Chaillu, Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc.
vol. vii, p. 299, 1861, Explor. Equat. Africa, p. 306, 1861.

Tragelaphus albovittatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 276.

Euryceros euryceros, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p., 119, 1873; Jentink, Cat.
Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 23, 1888;
Biittikofer, Reisebilder aus Liberva, vol. ii, p. 380, 1890.

* Frequently given as ewryceros.
+ As the subgeneric term Euryceros is proposed on the same page,
the name is really Tragelaphus (Huryceros) euryceros.

204 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Boécercus eurycerus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x,
p. 809, 1902; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 394, 1907 ;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 817, 1908; Pocock, Proc.
Zool, Soc. 1910, p. 981; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 325, 1910, ed. 7, p. 828, 1914.

Boocerus eurycerus, Trowessart, Cat. Mamm., Suppl. p. 781, 1904,
errorim.

Bongo.

Typical locality West Africa.
Distribution the same as that of the genus.

Fic. 31.—Hrap or Bonco (Bodcercus ewrycerus).

Size comparatively large—shoulder-height from about
48 to 50 inches. General colour bright chestnut, passing

TRAGELAPHIN & 205

into blackish on forehead and sides of face some distance
below eyes; an incomplete suborbital chevron, two or three
spots (which may be confluent) on cheeks, chin, and lips, a
dorsal streak, from ten to fourteen or fifteen transverse
stripes on body, and a narrow gorget on chest white; outer
side of fore-legs blackish to pasterns, inner side mainly
white, with a black chevron above white knees and a white
patch above hoofs in front; hind-legs chestnut to hoofs on
outer sides, with front of hocks and shanks and a patch
above hoofs white, the remainder of the pasterns being
blackish or brownish, as in fore-legs.

A.—Boocercus eurycerus eurycerus.

Typical locality West Africa.
Stripes numerous, generally fourteen or fifteen.
Range restricted to the western side of the African
continent.
58. 5. 4. 6 (852,a). Skull and horns. West Africa.
Co-type.
Presented by the Zoological Society (from their Museum), 1858,
58. 5. 4. 7 (852,06). Frontlet and horns. West Africa,
Co-type. Presented to the Zoological Society by Capt.
W. Allen, R.N. Same history.
71. 5. 27.5. Skin, immature, mounted. Ashkankolo
Mountains, Gabun.
Presented by Monsieur P. B. du Chaillu, 1871.
78. 7.16.9. Head, mounted (fig. 31), and body-skin.
Fanti. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878,
87. 10. 20.1. Skeleton. Gabun.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1887.
7. 7. 1. 1. Skull, with horns, female. Near Mango
River, Sierra Leone. Presented by Capt. L. Murray, 1907.
11. 8. 22.1. Skull, with horns. Gold Coast.
Presented by R. K. Gibbons, Esq., 1911.
13. 6. 25.1. Skin, foetal. Ashanti.
Presented by Dr. Montagu Graves, 1913,
13. 7.13.2. Skull, with horns. Kassandra, French
Ivory Coast. Presented by Guy Chetwynd, Esq., 1913.

206 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Fic. 32.—SKULLS AND Horns oF Mate (A) anp FemaLE (B) Bonco
(Boocerus eurycerus), from Sierra Leone.

From photographs lent by Mr. W. T. Cross.

B.—Boodcercus eurycerus isaaci.

Boocercus eurycerus isaaci, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. x, p. 310, 1902, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, p. 819; Hollister,
Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 9, 1910 (Boécerus).

Boécercus isaaci, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field
Mus. vol. viii) p. 86, 1907; Roosevelt, African Game Trails,
p. 486, 1910.

Typical locality Eldoma Ravine, B. E. Africa.

Not fully distinguished from western race, but the
stripes apparently fewer, being only ten in the under-
mentioned mounted specimen.

TRAGELAPHINE 207

97.7. 3.2. Frontlet and horns. East Africa; collected
by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1897.
2.11.17. 1. Skin, mounted, andskull. Eldoma Ravine,
B. E. Africa. This and the associated specimens are the

types. Presented by F. W. Isaac, Esq., 1902.
2.11.17. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Same locality. Same history.
2.11.17. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.
2.11.17. 4. Skeleton, horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.
2.11.17.5. Head, mounted, and body-skin, female.
Same locality. Same history.

7.4, 23.4. Skin, immature. Basoko, Aruwimi Valley.
Presented by R. L. Reid, Esq., 1907.

7. 4. 23.5. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.
Same history.

IV. Genus TAUROTRAGUS.

Oreas, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822; Riitimeyer,
Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 73, 1878; nec Hiibner, 1806.
Taurotragus, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 489,
1855; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 198,

1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 982.

Doratoceros, Lydekker, Field, vol. lxxviii, p. 180, 1891.
Orias, Lydekker, Royal Nat. Hist. vol. ii, p. 267, 1894, Geogr. Hist.

Mamm. p. 247, 1896.

Very large, heavily built antelopes resembling Bodcercus
in the tufted tail and the presence of horns in both sexes,
but distinguished by the horns being strongly keeled, and
forming a closely twisted screw-like spiral, on which the
front keel makes one complete turn, the tips being black ;
as well as by the presence of a more or less strongly
developed bushy frontal tuft, and of a heavy dewlap, fringed
with long hair. In females the horns are longer, thinner,
and less strongly keeled, while the dewlap is wanting and
the frontal tuft less developed.

The range includes the greater part of Ethiopian Africa,
exclusive of the equatorial forest. In the Pliocene the
group was represented in India by the so-called 7. latidens,

208 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

which may belong to an extinct genus;* but the reference
to it of teeth from the superficial deposits of North America f
is almost certainly incorrect.

The two species are distinguishable as follows :—

A, Size smaller, ears narrow and pointed, neck coloured
more or less like DOdY ...........cceeeceeeneeeeceeeeseneees T. orya.

B. Size larger, ears broad and rounded, neck (in males)
with a wide black band bordered posteriorly with
WMD Sika saiartcadadienmanactinapie vSeuedadueaivadeancacarnitn sagan T. derbianus,

I. TAUROTRAGUS ORYX.

Antilope oryx, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fase. i,.
p. 15, 1767; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 55,1776; Hraleben,
Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 275, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool..
Geogr. p. 589, 1777; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 79, 17803.
Sparrman, Resa, p. 504, pl. xii, 1785, English Transl. (Voyage
to Cape of Good Hope) vol. i, p. 131, vol. ii, pp. 96 and 204,.
pl. i, 1786 ; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ;.
Cuvier, Tabl. Elém. Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798; Lichtenstein,
Forster's Descrip. Anim. p. 383, 1844.

Antilope oreas, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fase. xii, p. 17, 1777; Zemmer-
mann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 109, 1780, vol. iii, p. 269,
1783 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. celvi, 1784; Boddaert, Hlenchus
Anim. p. 189, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 190,
1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 817, 1792; Donndorff,
Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 639, 1792; Latham and Davies,
Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795; Link, Beytrige Naturgesch.
vol, ii, p. 100, 1795; Bechstein, System. Uebersicht, vierfiiss.
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2,.
p. 319, pl. clxxxv, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 115, 1802; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. vi, p. 376,
18038, vol. xxiv, p. 32, 1804; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Hist. Nat. vol. ii,
p. 244, 1804, Régne Anim. vol. i, p. 263, 1817; Thunberg, Mém.
Ac. Sci. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 314, 1811; Lichtenstein, Reise
siidl. Africa, vol. i, p. 155, 1811, vol. ii, pp. 39 and 46, 1812;
G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 422, 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Burchell, List Quadrupeds
presented to Brit. Mus. p. 7, 1817, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i,
p. 245, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Stugthiere, vol. v, p. 1158,
1818; Gray, Med. Repos. vol. xv, p. 807, 1821; Schinz, Cuvier’s
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 296, p. 896, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 449, 1845; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447,
1822; Masson, Cuvier’s Régne Anim. vol. i, p. 317, 1836; Owen,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 637,
1868; Giebel, Sdugethierc, p. 200, 1853-55; Drummond, Large

* See Pilgrim, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xliii, p. 303, 1918.

+ Taurotragus americanus, Gidley, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. lx, no. 27, p. 1, 1918; see also Matschie, Siteber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1913, p. 250.

TRAGELAPHIN AE 209

Game of 8S. Africa, pp. 137 and 427, 1875; Huet, Bull. Soc.
Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 471, 1887.

Capra oreas, Thunberg, Resa, vol. ii, p. 66, 1789, English Transl.
vol. ii, p. 58, 1798.

Antilope (Bubalis) oreas, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 158, 1814.

Antilope (Boselaphus) oreas, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2,
vol. ii, p. 201, 1816; A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 222, 1834; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 802, 1836;
Wagner, Schreber’s Stiugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 465, 1844.

Cerophorus (Boselaphus) oreas, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemasalces, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 735, 1816.

Antilope (Oreas) oreas, Desmarest, Mammatogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822 ;
Schinz, Nat. Abbild. Sdugeth. p. 301, pl. cxxvii, 1827, Mon.
Antilop. p. 45, pl. 2, 1848; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim.,
Mamm. p. 181, 1842.

Antilope (Oreas) canna, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822;
Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 384, 1827.

Damalis oreas, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 855,
pl. 1827; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 199,
1846.

Damalis (Boselaphus) oreas, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom,
vol. v, p. 364, 1827.

Damalis canna, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. iv, p. 857, 1827.

Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 365, 1827.

Boselaphus oreas, Smuts, Hnwm. Mamm. Cap. p. 90, 1830; Jardine,
Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 117, pl. xix, 1886; Harris,
Wild Anim. S. Africa, p. 24, pl. vi, 1840; Gray, List Mamm.
Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1848, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847,
Knowsley Menagerie, pls. i and ii, 1850; A. Smith, Illwstr. Zool.
S. Africa, pls. xl and xli, 1859; Fitzinger, Siteber. k. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 179, 1869.

Boselaphus canna, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 91, 1832; Gray,
Inst Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1848.

Antilope (Boselaphus) canna, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ.
vol. ii, p. 228, 1834.

Antilope canna, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 88, Anat. Vertebrates,
vol. iii, p. 364, 1868.

Antilope (Buselaphus) oreas, Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 142,
1845.

Antilope (Buselaphus) canna, Reichenbach, op. cit. p. 145, 1845.

Oreas canna, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 148, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 27, 1850, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii,
p. 225, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 134, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 47, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 118, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 244, 1862; Kirk, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 659; Flower, ibid.
1875, p. 186; Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 284; Garrod, ibid. 1877,
p. 4; Bocage, ibid, 1878, p. 745, J. Sci. Lisboa, vol. ii, p. 25,

+1890; Schmidt, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 305; Selous, ibid. 1881,
p. 749, A Hunter’s Wanderings in 8. Africa, p. 204, 1881;

III. P

210 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 258, 1884; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 291, 1889; Hunter,
Willoughby’s Great Game E.. Africa, p. 287, 1889; Crawshay, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 658; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.
pt. 2, p. 152, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Manumals,
p. 348, 1891; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa,
p. 54, 1892; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 504, 1894, p. 145,
1896, p. 797; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 258, 1893; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 506; Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897.

Antilope (Damalis) oreas, Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth.
p. 192, 1852.

Antilope (Taurotragus) oreas, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. v, p. 489, 1855.

Antilope (Addax) oreas, Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. p. 620, 1861.

Oreas oreas, Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 140, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)
p. 172, 1892; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 141,
1895.

Antilope triangularis, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 78; Sclater,
wbid. 1896, p. 506.

Doratoceros triangularis, Lydekker, Field, vol. Ixxviii, p. 180, 1891,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. viii, p. 192, 1891, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 260, 18938.

Taurotragus oryx, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 421, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 804, 1908; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 195, pls. xeviii and
xeix, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 982; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 327, 1910, ed. 7, p. 325, 1914;
Carruccio, Boll. Soc. Zool. ctal. ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 77, 1913.

Oreas oryx, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255.

Oreas triangularis, Matschie, op. cit. 1913.

ELLAND.

Typical locality South Africa.

The type species ; also type of Oreas and Doratoceros.

Height reaching to about 5 feet 7 inches, or perhaps
6 feet at withers. Ears pointed and relatively narrow, with,
at most, a small black patch on outer border of backs;
general colour greyish or pale rufous tawny, usually with a
dark dorsal stripe, and with or without a variable number of
narrow vertical white stripes; neck coloured more or less
nearly like back; frontal tuft well developed, in some cases
with orange borders, in others wholly dark; a suborbital
white streak present or absent; tuft on dewlap and tail-tuft.
black ; fore-legs with or without a dark garter on hind
surface above knees; back of pasterns dirty white or black.
Horns of moderate size; fine specimens measuring from

TRAGELAPHIN& 211

30 to 37 inches in length in a straight line, with a basal
girth of from 11 to 16, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from
7x to 27 inches. Female horns may be abnormally long,
with but slight development of the spiral twist.

The range extends from Cape Colony to the Kenia
district of British East Africa on the east, and to Angola on
the west; the typical southern form being apparently almost
extinct.

The four better known races are distinguishable as
follows :—

A. Body not striped .......... ccc ccceeeeee eee eeeee eens T. 0. ory.
B. Body striped. ,
a. Backs of pasterns whitish.
a’, Typically no white suborbital streak T'. 0. livingstonet.
b'. Typically a white suborbital streak T. 0. seloust.
b. Backs of pasterns black ............ceeeeeeee T. o. pattersonianus.

The characters on which the other two named races are
based are given in the sequel.

A.—Taurotragus oryx oryx.

Taurotragus oryx typicus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 421, 1899; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 195, 1900; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 828, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 325, 1914.

Taurotragus oryx oryx, Lydekker, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 324, 1907.

Typical locality South Africa.

Whole colour uniformly tawny, white body-stripes and
suborbital streaks, and dark knee-bands and black on
posterior aspect of pasterns being, typically, absent.

647,¢. Skeleton, female, immature. 8S. Africa.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1842.

647, hf. Frontlet and horns, young. 8. Africa.

Same history.

42.12. 6. 14 (647, ¢). Skull, with horns, and head-skin.
S. Africa; collected by Mr. Burke. Same donor, 1842.

42. 12. 6. 15 (647, 7). Skull, with horns, and head-
skin, female. Same locality and collector. Same history.

647,/. Frontlet and horns, female. Algoa Bay.

Presented by C. Wemyss, Esq.
P 2

212 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

43.9. 27, 25. Skin, mounted, young. S. Africa.

Purchased (Brandt), 1843.
647,7. Skeleton. S. Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society).
647,7.* Skeleton, female. S. Africa. Same history.
63.12. 3.6. Skin, mounted, new-born young. Bred in
London. Same history, 1863.
89.2. 4. 1. Frontlet, with horns of abnormal form,
female. 8. Africa. Type of Antilope triangularis and
Doratoceros. Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

B.—Taurotragus oryx livingstonei.

Oreas livingstonii, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 105; Kirk, bid.
1864, p. 659; Selows, ibid. 1883, p. 382; Matschie, Saugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 141, 1895, Werther’s Die mittl. Hochland.
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 259, 1898; Powsargues, Ann. Sct. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897; Rendall, Novit. Zool. vol. v,
p. 218, 1898; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Antilope (Taurotragus) livingstonii, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 316,
1869.

Oreas canna livingstoni, Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton
Libr.), vol. i, p. 285, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 456; Sclater,
ibid. 1895, p. 690; Thomas, zbid. 1894, p. 394.

Taurotragus oreas livingstonei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 507.

Taurotragus oryx livingstonei, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 421, 1899, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 324, 1907, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 806, 1908; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 197, 1900; Hilliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus.
(Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 90,1907; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 829, 1910, ed. 7, p. 826, 1914.

Taurotragus oryx livingstonianus, Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus.
vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Typical locality Sesheke, north of the Victoria Falls of
the Zambesi.

Body marked with about eight white stripes and a dark
garter on hind surface of fore-legs above knees, but back of
pasterns white, and, typically, no white streak below eyes.

93. 5.6.9. Skull, with horns, female. Zomba, Nyasa-
land ; collected by A. Whyte, Esq.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1893.

93.7. 9.19 & 20. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland; same collector.

Same history.

TRAGELAPHIN A 213

98. 5, 22. 25. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba.
Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., CB.
7.10. 25.5. Skull, with horns. Portuguese East Africa.*
Presented by F. Vaughan Kirby, Esq., 1907.

C.—Taurotragus oryx selousi.

Oreas canna, Selous, A Hunter’s Wanderings in S. Africa, pl. i,
figs. 1 and 3, 1890.

Taurotragus oryx selousi, Lydekker, Ward's Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 328, 1910, ed. 7, p. 330, 1914.

Oreas selousi, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zeitung, vol. lix, p. 119, 1912,
Sttaber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255,

Typical locality Mashonaland.
Typified by the two heads figured by Selous, op. cit.
Distinguished from livingstonei by the presence of an
incomplete white chevron below the eyes; frontal tuft of
adult males well developed, chocolate-brown.
84. 8.1.4. Skin, mounted. Rugawé Valley, Mashona-
land; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Topo-type.
Purchased, 1884.
84. 8.1.5. Skin, mounted, female. Hanyani Valley,
Mashonaland; same collector. Same history.
86. 5. 5.6. Skeleton. Same locality and collector.
Purchased, 1886.
86. 5. 5. 7. Skeleton, female. Same locality and col-

lector. Same history.
81.10. 28.6 & 7. Two skulls, with horns, and head-
skins. Same locality and collector. Purchased, 1881.
83. 7. 28. 10. Skull, with horns. Gwenia Valley,
Mashonaland ; same collector. Purchased, 1883.

D.—Taurotragus oryx niediecki.
Oreas oryx niediecki, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 249.

Typical locality Zambesia.
With white body-stripes and a blackish garter above the

* Some of the elands from Portuguese East Africa have a white
chevron, while in others it is wanting. See Novit. Zool. vol. xiv,

p. 825.

214 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

knees, this form of the eland is stated to be distinguished by
the horns being strongly inclined inwards instead of bent
backwards. It is further stated to be distinct from the
so-called triangularis, which came from the same region.

No specimen in collection.

E.—Taurotragus oryx kaufmanni.

Oreas oreas kaufmanni, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zettwng, vol. lix,
p. 119, 1912.

Oreas kaufmanni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. I'rewnde, 1918, p. 255.

Typical locality Mount Caprivi, between the Chobi and
Zambesi, German 8. W. Africa.

Stated to differ from seloust by the white suborbital
streak being angulated instead of linear, and from patter-
sonianus (infra) by the frontal tuft being broad and
chocolate-brown instead of narrow and chestnut.

No specimen in collection.

F.—Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus.

Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus, Lydekker, Field, vol. eviii, p. 579,
1906, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 825, pl. i, 1907, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 307, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 330,
1910, ed. 7, p. 328, 1914; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 10, 1910.

Oreas pattersonianus, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zeitung, vol. lix,
p. 119, 1912, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255.

Typical locality Laikipia Plateau, B. E. Africa.

General colour pale rufous fawn, with three or four
distinct white stripes on and near withers, and more or less
clear indications of others farther back; a dorsal stripe, a
garter above hind surface of each knee, and the backs of the
pasterns brownish black; frontal tuft moderately developed,
the forehead of adult (not old) males showing a narrow median
blackish brown stripe above and between the eyes, flanked
on either side by bright orange rufous, with a pair of white
streaks, forming an incomplete chevron, below the eyes;
lower part of face dark brown, with a lateral fawn patch
above each nostril; neck much more rufous than body.

6.10.14. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Laikipia,
B. E. Africa. Type; head figured, Movit. Zool. loc. cit.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. J. H. Patterson, 1906.

TRAGELAPHIN & 215

12.9.15.1. Skin, mounted. Laikipia.
Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1912.

92. 10. 18. 19. Skull, with horns, deformed, female.

Kilimanjaro district ; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G.
C.B. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1892.

Fic. 33.—Heap or Larxipia Exann (Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus).
From Novitates Zoologicce, 1907.

N.B—The following specimens may indicate another
race :—
98, 4. 28. 2. Skull, with horns. N. E. Africa, probably

the neighbourhood of Lake Rudolf.
Presented by H. 8. H. Cavendish, Esq., 1898.

98. 4, 28.3. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.
Same history.

216 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Il. TAUROTRAGUS DERBIANUS.

Boselaphus oreas, Gray, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 145, 1847, nec
Antilope oreas, Pallas.

Boselaphus derbianus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xx,
p. 286, 1847, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 226, 1851, Silliman’s Journal,
vol. v, p. 279, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 144, Knowsley
Menagerie, pl. xxv, 1850; Gervais, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 201, pl. xxxviii, 1855; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Ween,
vol. lix, pt. i, p. 169, 1869.

Oreas derbianus, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, 1850, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 186, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 47, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 118, 1873;
Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 245, 1862; Winwood
Reade, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1863, p. 169, pl. xxii, Savage Africa,
p. 898, 1864; Rochebrune, Faune Sénégamb. p. 120, pl. vii,
fig. 1, 1883; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 260,
1893; Pousargues, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81,
1897; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 849; Matschie, Srtzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255.

Antilope (Taurotragus) derbianus, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthtere,
Suppl. vol. v, p. 489, 1855.

Oreas colini, Rcchebrune, Bull. Soc. Philom. ser. 7, vol. vii, p. 8,
1883, Fawne Sénégamb. p. 121, pl. vii, fig. 1, 1883; Matschie,
Stteber, Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255.

Taurotragus derbianus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 489, 1899, Game Animais of Africa, p. 314, 1908; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 215, pl. c, 1900; Lortet
and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ser. 4, vol. viii, no. 2, p. 90,
1908 (derbyanus) ; Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, p. 447, 1905 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 838, 1910, ed. 7, p. 331,
1914.

Typical locality Casamance to the south of the Gambia.

Size larger, horns longer and stouter, ears broader and
blunter, with more black on the back, and stripes more
numerous, and general colour richer than in the typical
species, the greater part of the sides of neck being black,
bordered posteriorly with a white band. In sub-adult bulls
the forehead is short-haired and chestnut, but a frontal tuft,
which is typically cholocate or reddish fulvous, is developed
later; lower part of face dark brown; a brown mane on
back of neck; white suborbital streaks and dark knee-garters
are developed, and the hind surfaces of the pasterns are
wholly black.

TRAGELAPHIN & 217

The races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Horns shorter and stouter; frontal tuft chocolate
(reddish fulvous).

a. General colour deep chestnut or rufous; 14 or
LD SUPIPSS)rosce ds cegon vasiisnines ete viaieenatsahen tactieyes T. d. derbianus.

b, General colour paler; about 10 stripes.......... T. d. gigas.

B. Horns larger and more slender: frontal tuft
blackish chestnut .......00..:ccccceeeeneeceeeeseeeeeeaas T. d. congolanus.

The typical locality of the so-called Oreas colini is Kitu,
Upper Senegal.

A.—Taurotragus derbianus derbianus.

Taurotragus derbianus typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 334, 1910, ed. 7, p. 332, 1914.

Taurotragus derbianus derbianus, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1918.

Typical locality Casamance, south of the Gambia.

General colour deep chestnut or rufous; white stripes
fourteen or fifteen. Fine horns measure from 30 to 42 inches,
with a basal girth of from 94 to 144, and a tip-to-tip interval
of from 15} to 29% inches.

1648, } (originally 647,c). Frontlet and horns. Gambia;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield. Cotype.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1842.
1648, a (originally 647,a). Frontlet and horns. Same

locality and collector. Same history.
63. 4. 15. 1 (1648,¢). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Senegal. Presented by F. Winwood Reade, Esq., 1863.

63. 4.15. 2 (1648, d). Skull, with horns. Same locality.
Same history.

89. 10. 7. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Barcote,
Upper Gambia. Presented by Dr. Percy Rendall, 1889.
11. 6. 10. 111. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Upper Gambia. Presented by G. Fenwick-Owen, Esq., 1911.

B.—Taurotragus derbianus gigas.

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) oreas, Hewglin, Nova Acta Ac. Cees. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, p. 19, 1863, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869, nec
Antilope oreas, Pallas.

218 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) gigas, Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Coes. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, p. 19, pl. i, fig. 2, 1863, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 318,
1869; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i,
p. 179, 1869.

Taurotragus gigas, Baker, Wild Beasts and their Ways, p. 342, 1891 ;
Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910.

Fic. 34.—HEap oF SuDANI Race oF Lorp DERBy’s ELAND
(Taurotragus oryx gigas).
From Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicce, 1905.

Taurotragus oryx gigas, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 198, 1900.

Taurotragus derbianus gigas, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, p. 447,
1905, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1913; Butler,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 288; Lydekker, Novit. Zool.

TRAGELAPHIN& 219

vol. xiv, p. 325, 1907, Game Animals of Africa, p. 314, 1908;
eee Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 836, 1910, ed. 7, p. 384,
4,

Taurotragus derbianus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, pl. xii, 1905.
Oreas gigas, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1918, p. 255.

Typical locality west side of the White Nile, Bahr-el-
Ghazal, in about 7° N. lat.

Type apparently in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-
Main.

General colour paler than in typical race; about ten
vertical white stripes, In fine horns the length, in a straight
line, ranges from 35 to 41 inches, with a basal girth of from
12} to 14, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 193 to 33 inches.

9.10.12.1. Skull, with horns. Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Purchased, 1909.

9.7. 12.1. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Twenty-
five miles west of Rumbek, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Presented by Capt. H. R. Headlam, 1907.

10. 3. 28. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin, female.
Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented by Prince Paul Demidoff, 1910.

C.—Taurotragus derbianus congolanus.

Oreas derbii, Johnston, River Congo, p. 391, 1884(?), nec Oreas
derbianus, Gray.

Taurotragus derbianus congolanus, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1913.

Typical locality Eastern Congo.

Type in Tring Museum.

Horns longer and comparatively more slender than in
either of the preceding races, with the spiral starting more
on front of forehead, and the anterior keel passing only once
round back of horn; distance between base of horn and
second frontal point of the twist greater than in other races,
and the interval between horns narrower than in gigas but
wider than in derbianus. Hair of forehead and between
horn-bases blackish chestnut, instead of the bright reddish
fulvous of the other races.

No specimen in collection.

220 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

V. Genus TETRACERUS.

Tetracerus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xiv, p. 524, 1825; Blanford,
Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 519, 1891.

Tetraceros, Voigt, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 314, 1831; Riite-
meyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 218, 1877; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 218, 1896; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 921.

Differs from all the preceding genera of the subfamily by
the presence of a pair of large preorbital face-glands, opening
by longitudinal slits, and of a pouch-like gland in each hind
lateral hoof; inguinal glands wanting. The genus is also
distinguished from all other existing hollow-horned ruminants
by the presence, typically, of two pairs of horns in males, of
which the first pair are much smaller than the second, both
being short and unkeeled; females hornless; tail relatively
short, not tufted. Skull with large lachrymal pits; upper
molars with short, quadrangular crowns, without a distinct
additional column on inner side; sexes alike in colour;
tragelaphine markings mostly absent. Placed by Gray
between the reedbucks and the klipspringer-steinbok group,
the genus has been generally associated by subsequent writers
with the duikers. In 1877 Ratimeyer had, however, placed
it next the nilgai, although separating the latter from the
Tragelaphine, and classing both genera with the Cephalophine.
The atfinity between Tetraceros and Boselaphus is confirmed
by Pocock, who includes both in the Tragelaphine.

The range is restricted to the plains of Peninsular India.

TETRACERUS QUADRICORNIS.

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) quadricornis, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, pp. 75 and 78, Journ. Phys. August 1818, Oken’s Isis, 1819,
p. 1095.

Antilope quadricornis, Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2,
vol. ii, p. 198, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 466, 1822; Schinz,
Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 895, 1821; Goldfuss, Schreber’s
Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1248, 1824; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 281,
1827; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 256,
1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838.

Antilope chickara, Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. vol. xiv, p. 520, pls. xv
and xvi, 1825; Hills, ibid. vol. xv, p. 501, pl. xix, 1827; Lesson,

TRAGELAPHINE 221

Man. Mamm. p. 881, 1827, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 292,
1836; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829; Hodgson,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. i, p. 8346, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1834, p. 99; Kaup, Thierreich, vol. i, p. 179, 1835; Schinz,
Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 424, 1845.

Antilope (Tetraceros) quadricornis, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal
Kingdom, vol. v, p. 845, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm.
vol. x, p. 292, 1836, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 178,
1842; Gervais, Dict. Scr. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 26, 1840;
Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 489, 1844,
vol. v, p. 410, 1855; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 823 (1858-55).

“Tetraceros striaticornis, Leach,’ Brookes, Cat. Mus. p. 64, 1828;
Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1852.

Cervus latipes, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv, livr. lxv, pl. 420,
1832; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846.

Antilope tetracornis, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. iv,
p- 525, 1835, vol. v, p. 242, 1836.

Antilope (Grimmia) quadricornis, Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 624, 1839.

Tetracerus chickara, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iv,
p. 224, pl. xxxii, 1836* ; Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x,
pt. 2, p. 918, 1841, Calcutta’ Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 89,
1847 ; Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, pt. 2, p. 451, 1842.

Cervus (Styloceros) latipes, Lesson, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm.
p. 174, 1842.

Tetracerus + quadricornis, Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159,
1848, Cat. Hodgson Collect. p. 26, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
p. 57, 1847, Knowsley Menagerte, p. 6, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1850, p. 117, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1852, Cat. Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 18, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 89, 1873; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189,
1846 ; Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 89, 1847 ;
Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, pt. 2, p. 879, 1847,
vol. xvii, pt. 2, p. 561, 1848, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat., Soc.
Bengal, p. 165, 1863; Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 170;
Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. India Mus. p. 167, 1851; Adams, Proce.
Zool Soc. 1858, p. 522; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 284, 1862; Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 274, 1867; Blanford,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196, 1868, Fawna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 519, 1891; Pitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i, p. 169, 1869; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, p. 126, 1870; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, ser. 2,
p. 54, 1876; Murray, Zool. of Sind, p. 55, 1884 ; Weldon, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 2; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 479, 1884;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 270, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. ix) p. 1380, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit.
vol. xi) p. 159, 1892; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals,
p. 338, 1891; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii,
p. 168, 1891; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 149, 1898, Game
Animals of Indva, etc. p. 171, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit.

* Tetraceros.
+ Some authors use Tetracerus and others Tetraccros.

222 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Mus. p. 27, 1918; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. i, p. 215, pl. xxiv, 1895; Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns
Ind. Mus. p. 46, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 802, 1910, ed. 7, p. 800, 1914; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 921; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xxi,
pp. 825 and 1194, 1912; Dodsworth, bid. vol. xxii, p. 747, 1914.

Tetraceros iodes and paccerois, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist.
vol. viii, p. 90, 1847.
Including :—
Antilope sub-4-cornutus, Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 225,
pl. iv, fig. 2, 1839,
Tetraceros subquadricornis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159,
1848; Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 170.

Tetraceros subquadricornutus, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist.
vol. viii, p. 89, 1847; Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 70, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 117, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 70,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 19, 1872, Hand-List Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 89, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit.
Mus. p. 225, 1862; Fetzinger, Siteber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. i, p. 170, 1869; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 527; Garrod, ibid. 1877, p. 4.

Tetraceros quadricornis typicus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. i, p. 215, 1895.

CHousincHA; Four-Hornep ANTELOPE.

Typical locality the plains of Peninsular India, to which
area the species is restricted.

Size small and build delicate; shoulder-height about
25 inches. General colour dull rufous brown, passing, with-
out a sharp line of demarcation, into whitish on under-parts ;
muzzle, backs of ears and a line down front of limbs blackish
brown; fronts and sides of pasterns whitish, and occasionally
a pair of whitish spots on each cheek. Basal length of skull
64 inches, maximum width 21, interval between muzzle and
orbit 3£ inches. Fine specimens of the posterior pair of
horns measure from 3% to 43 inches in length, and there is
one example stated to measure 5 inches. In three examples
with posterior horns of 44 inches, the respective measure-
ments of the front horns are 24, 24, and 23 inches.

37. 6. 10. 68 (628, a). Frontlet and horns. Guna.

Presented by Col. J. Evans, 183'7.

628, 6. Frontletandhorns. Same locality. Same history.

38. 10. 29. 24 (628, d). Imperfect skull, with horns.
India. Presented by J. A. Reeve, Hsq., 1838.

43. 1. 12. 86. Skull, with horns, and skin. Northern
India Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1843.

TRAGELAPHIN 223

43. 1.12.87. Skin. Northern India. Same history.
45, 1. 8. 141 (628,c). Frontlet and horns. Northern
India. Same donor, 1845.

45. 1. 8. 363. Skin, female. Northern India.
Same history.

Fic. 35.—SkUuLL anpD Horns oF Four-HORNED ANTELOPE
(Tetracerus quadricornis).

56. 9. 22. 11. Skull, with horns. Northern India;

collected by General Abbott. Purchased, 1856.
58. 5. 4. 41 (628, f). Skeleton. Zoological Society’s
Museum. Purchased, 1858.

63. 5. 8.4. Skin, mounted. India.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1863.
69. 3.5.1. Skin, immature female, mounted. India.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1869.

224 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

89. 11. 20.18. Frontlet and horns. Guna.
Presented by Col. J. Evans, 1889.
2. 8.14. 3. Skull, with horns. Central Provinces.
Presented by Mrs, Bellew, 1902.
8. 2.18.1. Skin. Indore, Central India.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Hsq., 1908.
11. 11.13.1. Skin, mounted. Central Provinces.
Presented by the Bombay Natural History Society, 1911.
12. 10. 31. 94-96. Three skulls, with horns. India.
Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

The following specimens represent the so-called 7. sub-
quadricornutus ; if all belong to the same form, the widely
sundered localities of the first and last render it improbable
that they indicate a local race.

884, ¢ (43, a). Skull, with horns, and skin. Southern
Mahratta country. Type of 7. subquadricornutus.
Presented by Sir Walter Elliot.
884, d (48,d). Skull and skin, female. Same locality.
Same history.
46. 11. 6. 19 (884,6). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Eastern Ghats, Madras.
Presented by Surgeon-General T. C. Jerdon, 1846.
46. 11. 6. 22 (47. 1. 25. 16 and 884,a@). Skull and skin,

female. Same locality. Same history.
98. 6. 3. 3. Imperfect skull, with horns. Gir Forest,
Kathiawar. Presented by Lveut.-Col. L. L. Fenton, 1898.

VI. Genus BOSELAPHUS.

Boselaphus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 91, 1900; Max Weber,
Sdugethtere, p. 675, 1904; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1910,
p. 926.

Portax, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 366, 1827;
Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 54, 1877.

Buselaphus, Reichenbach, Sdugethzere, vol. iii, p. 111, 1845.

Bosephalus, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. Ind. Co. p. 169, 1851,
errorim.

Distinguished from the preceding genus by the much
larger bodily size of the single species, the smaller face-

TRAGELAPHIN.E 225

glands and lachrymal pits; the absence of glands in the hind
lateral hoofs, the single pair of short and distinctly keeled
horns, which are restricted to males, and the taller crowns
of the upper molars, which have an additional column on
the inner side; withers considerably higher than hind-
quarters; tail reaching to hocks, more or less fringed at
sides, but not distinctly tufted at tip. Sexes unlike in
colour, with tragelaphine markings partially developed.

The range is restricted to the plains of Peninsular India.

BOSELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS.

Antilope tragocamelus, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 5, 1766, Spictl. Zool.
fasc. i, p. 9, 1767, xii, p. 138, 1777; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. pt. i,
p. 80, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxii, 1784; Boddaert,
Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 184, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 308, 1792;
Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 625, 1792; Forster, Zool.
Ind. p. 39, 1795; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4,
1795; Link, Beytrage Natwrgesch, p. 99,1795; Bechstein, Syst.
Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thtere, vol. ii, p. 77, 1799; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 329, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 112, 1802; Tredemann, Zoologie, vol. i, p. 409, 1808; G.
Fischer, Zoognosta, vol. iii, p. 412 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsal, vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. i,
p. 264, 1817; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396, 1821;
F, Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii, livr. xlvi, pls. 339, 340,
1824; Masson, Cuvier’s Régne Anim. p. 316, 1836.

Antilope albipes, Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 280, 1777; Gatterer,
Brev. Zool. pt. i, p. 81, 1780; G. Fischer, Zoognosta, vol. iii,
p. 411, 1814.

Antilope leucopus, Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 541, 1777;
Forster, Zool. Ind. p. 89, 1795, Descrip. Anim. p. 817, 1844.
Antilope picta, Pallas, Spictl. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 14, 1777; Pennant,
Quadrupeds, p. 74, pl. vii, 1781; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. cclxiii
and cclxiii B, 1784; Boddaert, Hlenchus Anim. p. 141, 1785;
Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 184, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s
Anim. Kingdom, p. 809, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i,
p. 625, 1792; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ;
Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch, p. 99, 1795; Cuvier, Tabl. Elém.
Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798; Bechstein, Syst. Uebersicht vierfiiss.
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 78, pl. ix, 1799; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2,
p. 827, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 112, 1802;
Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 248, 1804, Régne Animal, vol. i,
p. 264, 1817; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220,
1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Stugthtere, vol. v, p. 1159, 1818;
Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822; Schinz,
Abbild. Stugeth. p. 355, pl. clxi, 1824, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 449, 1845; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii, livr. xlvi,
pls. 339, 340, 1824; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 476, 1829 ;

III. Q

226 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Bennett, Gardens and Menagerie Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 125, 1880;
Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 105; Masson, Cuvier’s Regne
Anim. vol. i, p. 318, 18386; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838.

Antilope (Bubalis) tragocamelus, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 164, 1814.

Cemas tragocamelus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 729, 1816.

Cemas picta, Oken, op. cit. 1816.

Boselaphus pictus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Des-
marest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822; Lesson, Man. Mamm.
p. 884, 1827, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 181, 1842; Gervais,
Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840.

Boselaphus albipes, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii,
p. 199, pl. xxxiii, fig. 2, 1816.

Damalis risia, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 363,
1827; Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 226, 1839.

Damalis (Portax) risia, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 366, 1827.

Damalis picta, Brookes, Cat. Mamm. p. 64, 1828.

Portax picta, Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 304, 1836; Jardine,
Naturalist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 182, pl. xxi, 1836; Gray,
List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 154, 1848, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
p- 59, 1847; Wagner, Schreber’s Stugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 467, 1844, vol. v, p. 450, 1855; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere,
vol. iii, p. 148, 1845; Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,
p- 150, 1846; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. India Mus. p. 170, 1850;
Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 272, 1867; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, p. 122, 1870; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, vol. i,
p. 55, 1876, ser. 2, p. 98, 1885; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 479,
1884 ; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 141, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 178,
1892, Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii,
p. 358, 1894,

Tragelaphus hippelaphus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 188;
Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 181,
1842.

Portax tragelaphus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 198, 1846; corrected to tragocamelus, p. 815, 1847.

Antilope (Damalis) picta, Schinz, Mon. Antilop. p. 44, pl. xlix, 1848.

Portax tragocamelus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 146, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 28, pl. xxix, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 141, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 51, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 121, 1873; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858,
p. 523; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 247, 1862;
Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 165, 1863.

Antilope (Cephalophus) picta, Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 328, 1853-55.

Antilope (Bubalus) picta, Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 625, 1861,

Boselaphus tragocamelus, Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 187,
1883 ; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg.
pt. ii, p. 260, 1884; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii,

TRAGELAPHIN A 227

p. 154, 1891; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 345,
1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 345, 1891;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 145, 1893, Game Animals of
India, ete. p. 164, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 27,
1913 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 98,
pl. lxxxvii, 1900; Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 44,
1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 803, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 801, 1914; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 926; Dodsworth,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xxii, p. 747, 1914.

NILGAI.

Typical locality plains of Peninsular India; to which
area the species is restricted, the range not including the
trans-Indus districts, Eastern Bengal, or Malabar.

Shoulder-height about 4 feet 6 inches.

General colour iron-grey, tending to black on nose,
cheeks, and neck, and to whitish grey above eyes; generally
two spots on each cheek, lips, chin, and under surface of
lower jaw, a gorget on throat, inner sides and backs of hams,
a patch in region of groin, sides and under surface of tail,
and two pairs of spots on pasterns above hoofs white, the
upper hind spots sometimes forming a half-ring ; ears greyish
white, with a pair of black spots on outer edge in front;
under-parts, with the exception of the region of the groin
and a narrow median streak, and greater part of limbs,
together with a tuft of long hair on throat, black ; neck with
a short black and white mane, terminating in a whorl on
withers, behind which it is continued as a black spinal crest,
gradually decreasing in height towards tail. Female smaller
and slighter, with the iron-grey and black areas of male
replaced by tawny fawn.

Fine horns measure from 8 to 10 (in one instance) inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 64 to 93, and a tip-to-tip
interval ranging from 34 to 8 inches.

648,a. Skin, mounted. India. Purchased (Warwick).

648,@4. Skull, with horns. India. Figured in Gray’s
Cat. Ungulata, p. 141, fig. 2. Purchased, before 1852.

47. 5.17. 20 (648,@). Skin, young. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1847.

50. 11. 22. 168 (648, 6). Skeleton. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.

648,c. Skull, with horns, immature. India.

Purchased, about 1850.
Q 2

* 228 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

56. 9. 22. 10 (658, @). Skull, with horns. India, pro-
bably Punjab; collected by Gen. Abbott. Purchased, 1856.
60. 4. 22. 1 (548, e). Skull, female. India.
Purchased (Stevens), 1860.
89.11) 20. 10-12. Three frontlets, with horns. Khat-
kote Jungle, Central Provinces.
Presented by Col. J. Evans, 1889

Fie. 36.—Heap or Nina@al (Boselaphus tragocamelus).

91. 4. 20.1. Head, mounted. South of Mhow.
Presented by G. A Carmichael, Esq., 1891.
91. 8.7. 49. Skull, with horns. Kheri, Oude.
Presented by A, O. Hume, Esq., C_B., 1891.
91. 8.7.50. Skull, with horns. Allyghur (Alighur).
Same history.
91, 8.7.51. Skull, with horns. Baraitch.
Same history.

TRAGELAPHIN.AE 2.29

96. 10. 27.1. Skin, mounted. India.
Purchascd (Zoological Society), 1896.
12. 31. 10. 15. Skull, with horns. Oude. In this
specimen, which stands No. 10 in Ward’s 1910 list, the
horns measure 9 inches in length by 6% in girth, with a

tip-to-tip interval of 34 inches.

Bequeathed by A. O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.
12. 31.10.16. Skull, with horns. Oude. Same history.

Famity [I1.—ANTILOCAPRIDA.

Closely allied to the Bovide, but the horns, which are
of the same general type as those of that family, forked and
annually deciduous. Lyon,* following Cope, considers that
there is no sufficient reason for separating the one existing
genus by which this family is represented from the Bovide.
“Its true position,” he remarks, “is clearly no more than an
aberrant subfamily, Antilocaprine of the Bovide,.. . the
essential characters of the subfamily being horns deciduous,
with a characteristic branch or prong in front, and absence
of annual rings of growth at base of horn.”

On the other hand, Matthew,} after first provisionally
referring it to a separate family—Merycodontidw—apparently
considers that the American Tertiary genus Merycodus, which
has antlers instead of horns, should be included in the
Antilocapride. Certain other North American Tertiary
(Pleistocene) ruminants, described as Jlingoceros and Spheno-
phalos, and at first regarded as referable to the 7ragelaphine,
have been tentatively transferred to the present family,t the
definition of which will have to be materially modified if
any or all of the above are rightly included.

The distribution is restricted to North America.

* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxiv, p. 398, 1900.
+t Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xx, p. 102, 1904, and vol. xxiv,
p. 561, 1908.

t Merriam, Pub. Univ. California, Bull. Dep. Geol. vol. vi, p. 292,
1911.

230 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Genus ANTILOCAPRA.

Antilocapra, Ord, Journ. Phys. vol. lxxxvii, p. 149, 1818; Hlliot
Synop. Mamm. N. Amer. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii) p. 48,
1901; Matthew, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xx, p. 102,
1904, vol. xxiv, p. 561, 1908; Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.
xxiv, p. 897, 1908; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 935 ; Miller,
List N. Amer. Mamm. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 79), p. 393,
1912.

Dicranocerus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 169,
vol. v, p. 322,* 1827.

Horns (absent or rudimentary in females) forked on the
front edge at about one-third their height, upright, compressed
at base, terminally conical and recurved, smooth and devoid
of rings of growth throughout their length; muffle hairy,
with the exception of a narrow line between nostrils; no
face-glands or inguinal glands, but a median dorsal gland on
loins, and glands in both pairs of hoofs; hair stiff, coarse,
and bristly, usually elongated on nape of neck into a short
mane, and erectile and eversible on rump; tail very short ;
lateral hoofs wanting.

Distribution that of the single species.

ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA.

Antilope americana, Ord, Guthrie’s Geography, 2nd Amer. ed. pp. 292
and 308, 1815.

Cervus hamatus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 78.

Antilocapra americana, Ord, Journ. Phys. vol. lxxxvii, p. 149, 1818,
vol. lxxxviii, p. 314, 1819, Oken’s Isis, 1819, p. 1105; Gray, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1,
vol. xviii, p. 282, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 187, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 19, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 117, 1852,
Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants
Brit. Mus. p. 185, 1873; Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. N.
America, vol. ii, p. 189, 1851; Baird, Mamm. N. America,
p- 666, 1857, Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Survey, vol. ii, p. 51,
1858 ; Cassin, U.S. Haplor. Eaped., Manm. p. 68, 1858; Wein-
land, Zool. Garten, vol. iv, p. 225, 1863; Martin, ibid. vol. v,
p. 251, 1864; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 60, pl. iii;
Bartlett, cbid. 1865, p. 718; Canfield, ibid. 1866, p. 105; Cowes,
Amer, Nat. vol. i, p. 589, 1868; Hays, ibid. vol. ii, p. 181, 1869;
Cooper, ibid. vol. ii, p. 5387, 1869; Hinman, ibid. vol. ii, p. 654,
1869; Murte, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 884; Caton, Antelope

* Misprinted 312.

ANTILOCAPRIDE 231

and Deer of N. America, p. 21, 1877, ed. 2, p. 21, 1884;
Williston, Amer. Nat. vol. xi, p. 599, 1877; Endlich, ibid.
vol. xii, p. 557, 1878; Cope, ibid. vol. xii, p. 557, 1878, vol.
xxii, p. 1081, 1888; Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 540,
1882, p. 1; Alston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. p. 112, 1882; Flower
and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 277,
1884; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. vii, p. 592, 1885;
H. L. Ward, Science, vol. xiii, p. 70, 1889; Merriam, N. Amer.
Fauna, p. 78, 1890, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xiv, p. 18,
1901; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 171, 1891;
Marshall and Pohlig, Zool. Garten, 1891, p. 97; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 333, 1891; Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 52, 1896; Elliot, Synop. Mamm.
N. America (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii), p. 43, 1901, Check-
List Mamm. N. Amer. (op. cit. vol. vi) p. 51, 1905, Cat. Mamm.
Field Mus. (op. cit. vol. viii) p. 53, 1907; Lydekker, Game
Animals of Europe, etc. p. 333, 1901; Stone and Cram, American
Animals, p. 54, 1903; Matthew, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
vol. xx, p. 104, 1904; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 191,
1910, p. 985 ; Seton, Sertbner’s Mag. vol. xl, p. 33, 1906; Mearns,
Mamm. Mexican Bound. U.S. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 56)
p. 224, 1907; Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxiv, p. 398,
1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 118, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 116, 1914; Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm. (Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus. no. 79) p. 893, 1912.

Antilope furcifer, H. Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, p. 28, pl. iii,
1822, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 170, vol. v, p. 323,
1827.

Antilope (Dicranocerus) furcifer, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. v, pp. 822 and 323, 1827.

(2) Antilope palmata, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 169, 1827.*

Antilocapra furcifer, Brookes, Cat. Mus. p. 64, 1828; Gray, List
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 170, 1847.

Dicranoceros furcifer, Jardine, Naturalist’s Libr.. Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 193, pl. xxii, 1835.

PronGcHorn, Pronepuck or AMERICAN ANTELOPE.

Typical locality the Missouri plains; the range extending
from the valley of the Saskatchewan—lat. 53 N.—south-
wards to Mexico, and from the plains of the Missouri west-
wards to the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range in
Oregon and Washington.

Somewhat antelope-like, with relatively long limbs;
shoulder-height about 36 inches; general colour yellowish
rufous, with a band on forehead between eyes, a patch below
each ear, and nose sooty, brown ; lips, chin, sides of lower part
of head, three bands on throat and chest, the first of which

* If identical with this species, the locality (Baffin Bay) must be
wrong.

232 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

extends to base of ears, a large rump-patch, and under-parts
white.

The tbree closely allied races into which the species has
been divided are distinguished as follows :—

A. Ears bordered above with narrow black line;
rufous of tail extending part way into rump-
patch.

a. Colour deeper; mane well developed........... A. a. americana.
b. Colour paler; mane rudimentary or wanting A. a. mexicana.

B. Ears with heavy black border and white terminal
third blackish externally; rufous of tail
extending forwards to join that of back, and
thus completely dividing rump-patch.......... A. a. peninsularis,

A.—Antilocapra americana americana.

Antilocapra americana americana, Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm.
p. 398, 1912.

Typical locality as above.

General colour bright and deep; margins of upper part
of ears narrowly bordered with black; mane well developed ;
rufous of tail intruding into hind half of rump-patch, but
not dividing it into two halves.

Fine horns measure from 15 to 174 (in one case 19) inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 54 to 64 (74 in one
case), and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 54 to 174 inches.

43. 11. 28. 3 (625, b). Skin, immature, mounted. North

America. Presented by the Hudson Bay Company, 1843.
46. 3.17.11. Skull, female, immature. North America.
From an old skin (No. 43. 11. 28. 2), Same history.

60. 2.5.11. Skull, with horns. North America.
Purchased (Gerrard), 1860.

60. 2.5.12. Skull, with horns. North America.
Same history.
72. 5. 6. 3. Skin, female, mounted, and skeleton. North
America. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1852.

72.12.12. 2. Skin, mounted. Yellowstone.

Purchased (H, Wurd), 1872.
76, 3. 15. 4. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Yellow-
stone. Purchased (1, Ward), 1876.

ANTILOCAPRID A 233

91.9.1.1. Head, mounted. Cabin Creek, Upper Yellow-
stone Valley, Montana; collected by E. 8. Cameron, Esq.

Purchased, 1891.

91.9. 1.2. Head, female, mounted. Same locality and

collector. Same history.

Fic. 37.—HrEap oF PRoNGHORN oR ProneBuck (Antilocapra americana).

96. 2. 15. 1-2. Two frontlets, male and female, with
horns. Elkhead Creek, Colorado. ;
Presented by A.W. WW. Brown, Esq., 1896.

5. 2.12.1. Head, female, mounted. North America.
Presented by J. Turner Turner, Esq., 1905.

5.5.14. 1. Head, mounted (fig. 37). North America.
Presented by Capt. C. Pearson, 1905.

234 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.—Antilocapra americana mexicana.

Antilocapra americana mexicana, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
vol. xiv, p. 84, 1901; Lydekker, Game Animals of Europe, etc.
p. 888, 1901; Elliot, List Mamm. Field Mus. p. 58,1907; Miller,
List N. Amer. Mamm. p. 394, 1912.

Typical locality Sierra en Media, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Colour paler than in typical race, and mane rudimentary
or wanting.

89. 12. 7. 26. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mexico,
probably Sonora. Presented by the Mexican Musewm, 1889.

C.—Antilocapra americana peninsularis.

Antilocapra americana peninsularis, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, vol. xv, p. 107, 1912; Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm.
p. 394, 1912.

Typical locality Lower California.

Type in U.S, National Museum, Washington.

Colour much as in typical race, but ears distinctly darker,
with broad black margins in the upper third, the whole
surface of which has a blackish suffusion, and rufous of tail
extending forwards to join that of back, so as completely to
divide rump-patch.

No specimen in collection.

Famity IIL.—GIRAFFIDA.

Large-sized Pecora in which the paired cranial appendages
take the form of short, persistent, reclined, skin-covered
conical prominences, capped in one genus with bare bone;
such appendages being present either in both sexes or in
males alone. Upper canines wanting; lower canines with
cleft, bilobate crowns (fig. 38); cheek-teeth more or less
brachyodont, with rugose enamel. Basicranial axis nearly
straight (instead of fore portion being sharply bent down-

GIRAFFID.E 235

wards, as in Bovide and Antilocapridw). Lateral toes and
their supporting metapodials * wanting.

Gall-bladder normally absent, at least in typical genus.t
Placenta with numerous cotyledons. Vertebre: c. 7,
vb, 14, 1. 5,8. 3,0, 20. Dentition: 7. 9, ¢ 9%, p. 3, m. 8.

Fic. 38.—Lowsrr Front TEETH or Exx (A)
AND GIRAFFE (B), to show the difference
in the form of the canine.

Distribution restricted at the present day to Ethiopian
Africa; but during the early Pliocene including Greece,
Samos, Bessarabia, Persia, India, China, etc.

The two existing genera are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Size very large; neck and limbs greatly elongated; horns
in both sexes; males larger than females; ears narrow;
coloration in the shape of large dark blotches, or
“spots,” separated by lighter intervals of varying width Giraffa.

B. Size smaller; neck and limbs of more normal proportions ;
horns present only in males, which are smaller than
females; ears broad; coloration uniform on greater
portion of body, striped on hind-quarters and legs......... Okapia.

* = metacarpals + metatarsals.

t See Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 4. Owen had previously
recorded the occurrence of a gall-bladder in one giraffe dissected by
him. The viscera of the okapi are unknown.

236 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

I. Genus GIRAFFA.

Giraffa, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 125, 1780; Storr,
Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 41, 1780; Major, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1891, p. 815; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p- 259, 1900; Lankester, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. xiv, p. 303, 1902 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 936.

Camelopardalis, Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 181, 1788;
Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 27, 1877.

Orasius, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 744, 1816 ;
Wagner, Sitzber. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. vol. ii, p. 78, 1861.

The typical genus.

Size very large, neck and limbs greatly elongated, so
that the height to the crown of the head may reach 17 or
18 feet; males larger than females; a pair of fronto-parietal
horns, surmounted by tufts of hair, in both sexes, and
typically, an unpaired anterior horn; ears narrow; skull
relatively deep, without lachrymal depressions, but with
small lachrymal vacuities, which become more or less nearly
obliterated in old individuals; no glands on face, in groin,
or between hoofs; four teats; coloration either a network of
white or whitish lines on a rufous, tawny, or dark brown
ground, or brown blotches on a fawn ground, the one type
of pattern gradually passing into the other; tail medium,
tufted.

Distribution, at the present day, the greater part of
Ethiopian Africa, exclusive of the equatorial forest region
and the country south of the Orange River. In the Lower
‘Pliocene Greece, Samos, Bessarabia, Persia, northern India,
and China.

I. GIRAFFA RETICULATA.

Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, de Winton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 211, 1899; Trowessart, La Nature, vol. xxx,
p. 340, 1908.

Giraffa reticulata, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. i, p. 476;
Major, ibid. 1902, vol. ii, p. 78; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays,
p. 101, 1904; Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 204,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 874, 1908, Suppl. p. 5, 1902; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 117, 1910; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 1, pl. ii, fig. 2,
1911.

GIRAFFID.E 237

Giraffa reticulatus, Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 125.

?) Giraffa hagenbecki, Knottnerus-Meyer, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxv, p. 800,
1910; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 12, 1911 (as a form of reticulata); Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 20, 1911.

Typical locality southern Somaliland, whence the range
extends to Gallaland, and, through the Lake Rudolf district,
to the Guaso-nyiro, British East Africa, and perhaps to
Kenia.

General colour typically deep liver-red, marked with a
coarse net-work of narrow white lines, the subquadrangular

Fic. 39.—SKULL oF NETTED GrRaFrFrE (Giraffa reticulata).
From de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907.*

meshes of which gradually decrease in size towards the
head, although they are everywhere large ; on the head the
red areas change to rounded chestnut spots on a fawn ground ;
backs of ears white, as are shanks (in adult males), the
hind pair more or less spotted superiorly, especially in
females. Anterior horn well developed (fig. 39). The
essential feature of the colour-pattern is, so to speak, the
superposition of a coarse white network on a liver-red
ground, so that it cannot be described as spotted.

* There named G. camelopardalis.

2358 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

As this type of colouring is but an extreme development
of that of the typical race of camelopardalis, there are grounds
for regarding reticulata as a race of the former rather than as
a distinct species. On the other hand, there appears to be no
evidence of gradation between reticulata and camelopardalis
in those parts of British East Africa where they occupy
contiguous areas.

The so-called G. hagenbecki was named on the evidence of
an immature female from Gallaland, living in Hagenbeck’s
menagerie at Stellingen. The general colour is described as
lustreless brown; the dark areas becoming: smaller on the
thighs and legs, and the shanks being spotted on the sides
and backs. As remarked by Rothschild and Neuville, these
features are certainly not of specific, even if they be of
racial value.

Two races have been named, and are distinguished as
follows :—

4. Dark areas large and uniform liver-red, with or

without a small central white spot.................. G. r. reticulata.
B. Dark areas smaller and brownish rufous, with a

black suffusion and a central blackish streak or
Latta sil soi terostosin a IEG NARS Io lepeeccoines Se RmUN ACNE Uke G. r, nigrescens,

A.—Giraffa reticulata reticulata.

Colouring that given under heading of species.
Typical locality Somaliland.
97. 1. 30. 1. Skull. East Loroghi Mountains, b. E.

Africa. Presented by A. H. Newmann, Esq., 1897.
98. 8. 28.1. Skin of upper part of head and neck. Same
locality. Same donor, 1898.

98. 4. 28.1. Skull and head-skin. N. E. Africa.
Presented by H. S. H. Cavendish, Esq., 1898.
98.7. 2.6. Skull, head-skin, tail, and one hoof. Near
Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.

98.7. 2.7. Tail. Same locality. Same history.
99. 7.8.5. Skull and head-skin. One hundred miles
east of Loroghi. Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1899.

99. 7. 8. 6. Head and neck, mounted. East Central
Africa. Same history.

GIRAFFIDA 239

7.12.16. 2. Skin of back and tail. Southern Abyssinia.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

12. 2. 24. 1-2. Two skulls and skins, immature.

Archer’s Post, Guaso-nyiro, B. E. Africa,
Presented by the Game- Warden, B. EB. Africa, 1912.

B

A
Fic, 40.—Huap anp Neck or Barinco GiraFre (Giraffa camelopardalis
rothschildi), A, and of Nerrep GrraFFE (Giraffa reticulata), B.

Same listory.

12, 2, 24. 4-5. Two head-skins. Same locality.
Same history.

12, 2, 24.3. Skin, young. Same locality.

B.—Giraffa reticulata nigrescens.

Giraffa reticulata nigrescens, Lydekker, Natwre, vol. lxxxvii, p. 484,

1911.
Typical locality British East Africa, probably the district

north of Mount Kenia.

240 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Lines of white network rather wider than in typical race,
and the dark areas rather smaller, and brownish rufous in
colour, with a suffusion of blackish, and a distinct blackish
streak or star in the centre of each.

11. 10. 23.1. Portion of skin from the fore part of the

body (cut from a mounted head and neck). B. E. Africa.
Type. Some of the B. E, African specimens entered under
the head of the typical race may belong to this form, if
distinct. Presented by R. Lydekker, Esq., 1911.

Il. GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS.

Cervus camelopardalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 66, 1758,
ed. 12, vol. i, p. 92, 1766.

Giraffa camelopardalis, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii,
p. 125, 1780; Storr, Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 41, 1780;
Schreber, Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1189, pls. celv and cclv*, 1784;
Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 305, 1792; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 369, 1827; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 181,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 65, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 185, 1873; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 281, 1884; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 331, 1891; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 171, 1891, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 259, 1900 ; Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 316; Jack-
son, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 275, 1894;
Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 315, 1895; de Winton,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 276; Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 488, 1899, Suppl. p. 2, 1902; Hutchinson’s Animal
Infe, vol.ii, p. 122, 1903, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 202,
vol. ii, p. 889, Game Animals of Africa, p. 350, 1908; Thomas,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 475; Powell-Cotton, Unknown
Africa, p. 552, 1904; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 101, 1904 ;
Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii)
p. 52, 1907; Scherren, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 408; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1910, p. 936; Cabrera, Cat. Mét. Mam. Madrid Mus.
p. 129, 1912.

Camelopardalis ‘giraffa, Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 181,
1788; Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. p. 104, 1811; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 478, 1814; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist.
Nat. vol. i, p. 164, 1817; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv,
pl. 412 (832), 1824; I. Geoffroy, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 355, 1825; Cretzschmar, Atlas to Riippell’s Reise nordlich.
Afrika, p. 23, pls. viii and ix, 1826; E. Geoffroy, Ann. Sci. Nat.
vol. xi, p. 222, 1827; H. Smith, Groffith’s Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 150, vol. v, p. 320, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 455, 1830; Smuts, Hnum. Mamm. Cap. p. 62, 1882; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 184, 1884; Harris, Game and
Wild Anim. S. Africa, pl. xi, 1840; Lesson, Nowv. Tabl. Régne

GIRAFFID Ai 241

Anim. p. 168, 1842; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 170, 1848 ;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, p. 248, 1844;
Heuglin, Fauna roth. Meer, p. 16, 1861, Reisen Nordost Africa,
p. 133, 1877; Jentink, Cat. Ostéol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
yol. ix), p. 156, 1887; Bryden, Nature and Sport in S. Africa,
p. 129, 1897; Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, pp. 2 and 4.

Orasius camelopardalis, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 744, 1816; Wagner, Sitzber. kh. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. vol. ii,
p. 78, 1861.

Camelopardalis ethiopicus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 134,
nomen nudum.

Camelopardalis biturigum, Duvernoy, Ann. Sct. Nat. ser. 3, vol. 1
p. 47, pl. ii, 1844 (vide Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 316).

Typical locality Eastern Sudan or Southern Abyssinia,

A variable species in which the dark areas are never so
large or so red as in vretiewlufe, while the light ones do not
form such a coarse and distinct network, and are very
frequently tawny instead of white. . Typically the colour-
pattern consisting of a chestnut ground cut up into moderate-
sized and more or less ruunded patches by a network of
light lines; the shanks white; and the anterior horn well
developed. From this type there is a gradation to one in
which the colour-pattern consist of small brownish or chest-
nut blotches on a fawn ground, the shanks fawn-coloured
and spotted down to the hoofs, and the anterior horn obsolete.

The following is a tentative “key” to the named local
races, based on males only:

a. Anterior born well developed.
a, Front shanks (in adult males) wholly white,
and hind ones mainly so.
a‘, No occipital horns.
a®. Colour richer.
a*, Spots large on upper part of fore-

LOGS dr, ote cslmannacsd taxtnoemntepenes G. c. camelopardalis.
b*. Spots becoming suddenly small on
upper part of fore-legs............... G. ce. antiquorum.
b%. Colour paler ..........::eeeeeeeee tee eee tener G. c. peralta.

b'. Occipital horns present.
a‘, Occipital horns small, a process over
right orbit; spots rufous brown ;
sides of face not spotted above line
connecting eye with angle of mouth G. c. coftont.

bt. Occipital horns larger, typically no
process over right orbit; spots
darker ; sides of face fully spotted

in sub-adult males.................04 G.c. rothsehild’,

Ill. Rk

242 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

b. Shanks coloured, or spotted, or both
together.
a’. Ground-colour lighter.
a’. Spots stellate; shanks sometimes
white, spotted superiorly, always
fully so in immature individuals ;
anterior horn medium or small...... G. c. tippelskircht.
b°. Spots not distinctly stellate.
a’, Anterior horn large; shanks spotted

PONOOISs wisdinjetiaetecadadv arcs mnesesan G. c. congoénsts.
b’. Anterior horn smaller; shanks
uniformly fawn.........cccseceeeeee ees G. c. thornicrofti.
6’. Ground-colour darker ...........0...cceceeeee G. c. infumata.

sg. Anterior horn rudimentary or obsolete ;
shanks coloured and fully spotted.
a. Occipital horns strongly developed, colour-
pattern substellate ...........cc cece eee eens G. c. wardi.
b. Occipital horns (so far as known) obsolete.
a’. Colour-pattern approximating to the
Netted Ty Pe sesiucwerriasiesiveeasewenca nee os G. c. angolensis.
b'. Colour-pattern of the blotched type...... G. ¢. capensis.

A.—Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis.

“ Nubian Giraffe,’ Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ii, p. 217, 1838.

Giraffa camelopardalis typica, Bryden, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 489, 1899; Lydekker, Suppl. to do. p. 4, 1902, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 205, pls. ix and x; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 890, 1907; Trowessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 842, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan, or perhaps Abyssinia ;
the range extending, according to Trouessart, into the
Timbuktu district of the Western Sudan.

Colour-pattern approximating to that of G@. reticulata, but
the coloured areas smaller and sandy or chestnut, and the
light lines buffish white; front of face sparsely, and sides of
same fully spotted; large spots on shoulders and upper part
of fore-legs ; shanks white, the hind pair more or less spotted
superiorly. Anterior horn well developed, but no occipital
horns.

Two types of colour-pattern occur in the giraffes of the
Eastern Sudan, namely, that just described and the one
recorded under the next heading, but which represents the
typical C. giraffu of Linnzus, it is impossible to decide.

GIRAFFID.A 243

Neither is there any detinite information with regard to the
precise habitat of the form here identified with the typical

race.
55, 12. 26. 144. Skull, immature, female. North Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

Fic. 41.—Nusian GrraFFe (Giraffa camelopardalis
camelopardalis).

671,¢. Skeleton. North Africa. Purchased (Warwick).
73. 8. 29. 7 (671, ¢). Skeleton, mounted. Dembelas,

Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.
74,11. 2.1(671,f). Skeleton, mounted. Setit Valley,
Upper Atbara. Purchased (Gerrard), 18'74.

99. 6.18.1. Piece of skin. Pibor Valley, Upper Sobat.
Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1899.
R 2

244 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1.5. 14.1. Skull, female. White Nile.
Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1901.
2.11.12. 1. Skull, two pieces of body-skin, tail, and
fore-legs, with hoofs, female. Kodok (Fashoda), White.
Presented by Prince Henri of Liechtenstein, 1902.
2.11.13.1. Piece of skin. Mongalla, Southern Sudan ;
collected by A. L. Butler, Esq. Purchased, 1902.
2.11.18. 2. Skull. Eastern Sudan; same collector.
Same history.
3. 8.18. 1. Head and neck, mounted. Eastern Sudan.
Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1903.

B.—Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum.

(2) Camelopardalis sennaarensis, EH. Geoffroy, quoted by Gray.

Camelopardalis antiquorum, Swainson, Geogr. and Classif. Anim.
p. 95, 1835, ex Cretzschmar ; Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm.
vol. iii, p. 187, pl. xxi, 1835.

(?) Camelopardalis girafia, var. ethiopica, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-
Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 174, 1846; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 136.

Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904,
vol. i, p. 205, pl. xi, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 236,
1908 ; Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 120, figs. 42 and 48;
Mitchell, cbid. 1808, p. 185; Trowessart, La Nature, vol. xxx,
p. 841, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Kordofan.

Nearly allied to the last, but the spots on the upper part
of the fore-limbs—just above the line of the abdomen—and
also those on the corresponding portion of the thighs, broken
up into a number of very small and irregular ones, which
contrast strongly with the larger ones above; similar spots
also occurring on the under-parts and inner sides of the
limbs, which are nearly white in the typical race. In both
forms the colour-pattern of the females differs only in details
from that of the males.

The specimen figured by Jardine, which is stated to
have come from the district between Sennar and Dafur
(i.e. practically Kordofan), may be taken as the type, since
Cretzschmar’s description, on which Swainson’s name is
based, is insufficient. That the colour-pattern in Jardine’s

GIRAFFID i 245

specimen was not an individual peculiarity, is indicated by
its reappearance in the Kordofan example shown in fig. 42,
which was living in London between 1902 and 1904.*

Fic. 42.—Korporan GiraFFe (Giraffa camelopardalis
antiquorwm).

13. 6. 1. 1. Skin, young, mounted. From an animal
born in London Zoological Gardens.
Presented by the Rowland Ward Trustees, 1913,

Some of the Sudani specimens entered under the heading
of the preceding race may belong to the present form.

* See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, p. 225, and 1904, vol. i, p. 206.

246 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C.—Giraffa camelopardalis peralta.

Giraffa camelopardalis peralta, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 40 ;
Lydekker, ibid. 1904, vol. i, p. 226, 1905, vol. i, p. 119, pl. xii,
figs. 1 and 2, Game Animals of Africa, p. 356, 1908 ; Alexander,
From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 890, 1907 ; Trowessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116,
1910.

Typical locality Southern Nigeria, south-east of the
junction of the Benue with the Niger.

Allied to the Nubian race, but distinguished by its paler
coloration—especially on the head—and its more numerous
and differently arranged spots, a characteristic feature being
the white, sparsely spotted occipital region, and the presence
of a large fawn-coloured patch below the ears, covering an
area which is white in the Nubian race, and in other races
marked with small spots.

98, 2.18.1. Skull and two bones of right fore and of
left hind limb. South-east of the junction of the Benue
with the Niger; collected by R. Hume McCorquodale, Esq.
Type. Presented by W. Hume MeCorquodale, Esq., 1898.

4.11. 2. 2. Skull, limb-bones, and skin of head and
neck. Nigeria. Described and figured by the present
writer, op. cit. 1905. Presented by Capt. G. B. Gosling, 1904.

6. 2.12. 1. Skull and head-skin, young. Twenty-five
miles north of Yola, Nigeria.

Presented by W. T. Gowers, Esq., 1906.

6. 2.12.2. Skull. Same locality. Same history.

7. 7. 8. 255. Skull and head-skin. Shari Valley ;
collected by Capt. G. B. Gosling.

Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 255,a. Two pieces of body-skin and tail. East
of Sharna River, Northern Nigeria. Same history.

8. 11.8.1. Skull, imperfect, six-months’ calf. Maidugari,
Lake Chad; collected by Mr. — Hall.

Presented by J. Mc. W. Pollard, Esq., 1908.

8. 8. 12. 1. Skin, immature female, mounted. Ferli
district, Senegambia. By eachange (R. Ward, Ltd.), 1908.

8. 8.12. 2. Skull, skin, and hoofs. Nigeria.

Same history.

GIRAFFID& 247

D.—Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni.

Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904,
vol. i, p. 207, 1905, vol. i, pl. xii, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 360, 1908 ; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 388, pl. facing
p. 387, 1904; Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 121, fig. 44;
M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9,
vol. xiii, p. 104, 1911.

Typical locality Koten Plain (2,550 feet), south of Toposa *
(about lat. 3° 50’ N. by long. 34° 30’ E.), Uganda, lying due
south of Lado.

Apparently in some degree intermediate between the
preceding and the following race, although nearer to the
latter, so far at least as the adult male is concerned.

Compared with rothschildi, the spots on the neck are

Fic. 43.—SKuLL oF Toposa GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis cottont).
a, Azygous orbital ‘ horn.”

chestnut-brown instead of black, and more regular and
quadrangular in form, without any tendency to be split up
by lines radiating from the centre.

4.1, 21.1. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 45, A, p. 255),
and skull (fig. 43). Koten Plain, south of Toposa, Uganda.
Type; the skull has been cut, so that the frontal region is
separate from the basal portion.

Presented by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, 1904.

* Mis-spelt Topora in original description. Lankester, op. ctt.,
gave the locality of the type as Mount Elgon.

248 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

E.—Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi.
“ Five-horned Giraffe,” Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 474;
Johnston, Uganda Protectorate, vol. i, pp. 26 and 377, 1902.

“ Giraffe,’ Ridewood, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 151, figs. 4, 8
and 9; Lankester, ibid. 1907, p. 110, figs. 83 and 34.

Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, Lydekker, Hutchinson's Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 122, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 210,
1905, vol. i, p. 121, Game Animals of Africa, p. 358, 1908 ;
Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, pl. facing p. 194, 1904;
Duerden, Rec. Albany Mus. vol. ii, p. 95, 1907; Trowessart,
La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. vol. xxvi, p. 157, fig. 2, 1909; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 116, 1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487,
1910; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 1,
1910; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool.
ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 99, 1911, partim; Cabrera, Cat. Mét. Mam.
Madrid Mus. p. 129, 1912.

Typical locality Guasin-gisha Plateau, to the south-east
of Mount Elgon and west of Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa,
nearly 1° north of the equator ; the two areas being separated
by the Elgeyo Range.

Colour (in male) very dark, the spots being nearly black,
and showing a tendency to split up into stars, as indicate
by lighter tripartite radiating lines in the larger ones; light
interspaces (ground-colour), except on face, deep yellowish
fawn, forming a network of narrow lines on body, but
becoming much broader on neck, where the spots may
assume a more irregular and somewhat jagged outline; sides
of face, extending posteriorly in a triangular area behind
ears (the backs of which are wholly white), whitish—and
thus sharply contrasting with the neck—and fully spotted
with black in subadult males, although in old males (fig. 40, A,
p. 239) these more or less completely disappear above a line
connecting the angle of the mouth with the eye; a spot
on legs above knees and hocks chestnut, such light spots
extending farther up on the hind than on the front
legs; shanks white and unspotted. Skull with front horn
strongly developed, and a pair of occipital horns behind the
ynain pair; and there may be a pair of orbital horns.*

In subadult females (if rightly associated) the spots are
reddish chestnut, and irregular, jagged, and somewhat star-

* Tn a specimen seen by the writer in 1914.

CGHRAFFID.E 249

like in outline, the intervening spaces being light orange-
fawn; light areas on neck very broad; white space round
ears small; sides of face sparsely spotted.

Old females from the Guasin-gishu are stated to become
very dark-coloured; and the males of the Baringo herd are
reported to resemble those from the typical area. If the
undermentioned Baringo female indicates a distinct form,

Fic. 44.Barinco GiraFre (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildt).

the present race should be called the Guasin-gishu, or Elgon,
in place of the Baringo, giraffe.
98.7. 2.4. Head-skin and tail. One hundred miles up
the Uganda Railway, B. E. Africa.
Presented by H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.
98. 7.2.5. Skull. Mombasa. Same history.
0. 3.18.3. Skull and skin, female. Athi Plains, B. E.
Africa. Presented by 8S. L: Hinde, Esq., 1900.

250 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

0. 3.18.10. Fecetal skeleton, in spirit. B. E. Africa.
Same history.
1. 8.9.47. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 40,4, p. 239),
and skull of very old male. Guasin-gishu Plateau.
Presented by Sir H, H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1901.
1. 8.9.48. Skull and head-skin. Same locality. The
skull, which has been sectionised, is figured by Ridewood,
op. cit., and also by Lankester, op. cit. Same history.
1. 8.9.49. Skull and head-skin. Same locality.
Same history.
1. 8.9.50. Skull and head-skin, female. Same locality.
Same history.
3. 4. 15. 1. Skin, mounted. Guasin-gishu Plateau ;
collected by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton. Type (fig. 44).
Subadult male.
Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1903.
3.4.16. 1. Skin, female, mounted, provisionally referred
to this race. Lake Baringo; collected by Major Powell-
Cotton. Figured in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, pl. xiii.
Same history.

F.—Giraffa camelopardalis, subsp.

“Tana Giraffe,” Lydekker, Field, vol. exiii, p. 844, 1909.
Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Duerden, Ann. Albany Mus.
vol. ii, p. 96, pl. ix, 1907, nee Matschie.

Typical locality south side the Tana River, south-east
of Mount Kenia, British East Africa, about 40 miles south
of the equator.

Represented by the mounted skin of an adult male, shot
by John Hall, Esq., and now deposited in the Ipswich
Museum, and by the mounted head and neck of a female
from the same locality in the Albany Museum, described
and figured by Duerden, Joe. eit.

Allied to rothschildi, but the female as dark as the male,
with very similarly shaped spots, and the shanks of the legs
fawn-coloured and profusely spotted with tan down to the
pasterns.

No specimen in collection.

GIRAFFID& 251

G.—Giraffa camelopardalis, subsp.

Giraffa tippelskirchi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,
p. 77, partim.

Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905,
vol. i, p. 214, Game Animals of Africa, p. 363, 1908, partim.

Inhabits the district between the Victoria Nyanza and
Nairobi, British East Africa, and Masailand.

Nearly allied to the next race, but the shanks of adult
males wholly white ; those of females partially spotted.

Represented by the mounted skin of a female from
Masailand in the museum at Stuttgart, referred by Matschie
to tippelskirchi, and by a male from a spot about forty
miles east of the Victoria Nyanza, described and figured
on page 363 of “ Game Animals of Africa.”

No specimen in collection.

H.—Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi.

Giraffa tippelskirchi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,
p. 77; Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.

Giraffa schillingsi, Matschte, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898, p. 77;
Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.

Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
vol. i, p. 214, 1905, vol. i, p. 119, pl. xi, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 361, 1908; Trowessart, La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908;
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxvi, p. 159, fig. 2, 1909 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910; Roosevelt,
African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 108, 1911.

Giraffa camelopardalis schillingsi, M. de Rothschild and Neuville,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 109, 1911.

Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, M. de Rothschild and Newville,
Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. iii, pl. ii, fig. 1, 1911, nec
Lydekker.

Typical locality Lake Eyasi, German East Africa (lat.
3° S., long. 33 E.), to the south-east of the Victoria Nyanza,
whence the range extends eastwards to Kilimanjaro, and
probably southwards into Portuguese East Africa.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Spots (in both sexes) lighter coloured than in males of
rothschildt, very irregular and jagged in outline, and often
displaying a distinctiy stellate form; shanks typically olive-

252 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

coloured and spotted down to hoofs, but in some old
individuals whitish and more ov less free from spots. Skull
with the anterior horn apparently less developed than in
preceding races, and in some instances tending to disappear.
99. 10. 12. 1. Skull and skin, immature female. Rombo
Valley, Kilimanjaro. Presented by E. N. Buxton, Esq., 1899.
99.10.12. 2. Skull, immature. Same locality.
Same history.
1. 7. 21. 1. Head and neck, young, mounted. Kili-
manjaro, Purchased (Ward), 1901.
3.11.18. 1. Portion of skin. Kilimanjaro.
Presented by J. Rowland Wurd, Esq., 1903.
4.11. 2. 2. Skin, immature female, mounted. British
East Africa. Presented by T. F. V. Buxton, Esq., 1904.
8. 7.5.1. Head and neck, mounted. B. E. Africa.
Presented by Capt. Houblon, 1908.
9.11. 27. 1. Skull and head and skin. Sultan Hamad,
Uganda Railway, B. E. Africa.
Presented by A. B. Percival, Esq., 1909.

I.—Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti.

Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxvii,
p. 484, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 771, pl. Ixxxvi.

Typical locality Petauke district, N. E. Rhodesia.

Characterised by the low and conical anterior horn, the
grey colour and scattered spotting of the sides of the face,
the chestnut-brown forehead, deepening into black on the
tips of the horns, the absence of a distinctly stellate pattern
in the neck and body spots, which are light brown on a
yellowish fawn ground, and the uniformly tawny colour of
the shanks. It differs from tippelskirchi by the more
compact frontal horn, the brown, in place of grey, forehead,
and the uniformly fawn shanks, the latter being often whitish
in old males of tippe/shirchi, but fawn and spotted in females
and young males.* This race and tippelskirchi agree (and

* Vide M. de Rothschild and H. Neuville (Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 9, vol. xiii, pp. 124, 129), who state that in the East African
giraffe which they describe as rothschildi, but which—despite the

locality whence it is stated to come—has all the characteristics of
tippelshircht, these age and sex differences are observable.

GIRAFFIDA 253

thereby differ from vothschildt) in having the triangular
space between the eye and the nostril devoid of spots, but
in adult males of tippelskirechi the ground-colour of the
whole head is dirty greyish white, whereas in thornicrofti
the forehead is chestnut or umber brown, deepening into
black at the tips of the horns, which are grey in the
Kilimanjaro race.
0. 4.3.1. Portion of skin from hind part of body. East
bank of Loangwa River, N. E. Rhodesia.
Presented by Dr. P. L. Selater, 1900.
7.2.4.5, Skull, female. Same locality.
Presented by C. B.C. Storey, Esq., 1907.
10. 10. 17. 1. Skin, mounted. Petauke district, N. E.
Rhodesia. Type. Presented by H. Thornicroft, Esq., 1910.

J.—Giraffa camelopardalis congoénsis.

Giraffa. camelopardalis congoénsis, Lydekker, Hutchinson’s Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 83, 1903, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 219,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 362, 1908; Trouessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 841, 1908; Schowteden, Rév. Zool. Africaine, vol. ii,
p. 134, 1912.

Typical locality Dungu, north-east of the Welle River,

Belgian Congo.*

Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, Belgium.

Characterised by the large size and sub-quadrangular
form of the body-spots, which show no tendency to split up
into stars, the fully spotted shanks—especially the hind pair

—of which the ground-colour is grey-fawn, and the well-

developed anterior horn. The sides of the face are well

spotted, and the terminal tuft of the tail is unusually large.
No specimen in the collection.

K.—Giraffa camelopardalis infumata.

Giraffa infumata, Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.

Giraffa camelopardalis infumata, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 20, 1911.
Typical locality Zambesi Valley, Barotsiland.
Named on the evidence of a pair of living specimens—

* In the original description the locality is given Katanga; the
error is corrected by Schouteden, loc. cit.

254 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

the male from the north and the female from the south side
of the Zambesi.

Stated to resemble capensis (infra, p. 256) in the general
character of the markings, except on the hind-legs, where,
especially in the male, the spots assume an irregular rosette-
like form; ground-colour of neck and body light smoky
brown, darker on neck; under-parts white, with numerous
small spots ; shanks brownish ochre, finely spotted in their
upper halves. Anterior horn well developed.

No specimen in collection.

L.—Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis.

Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis, Lydekker, Hutchinson’s Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 121, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 221,
pl. xiv, Game Animals of Africa, p. 365, 1908; Trowessart,
La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Cuneni Valley, 150 miles south-west of
Humbé, Angola.

Type in Tring Museum.

Allied to capensis (infra, p. 256), but with the brown
markings of the sub-quadrangular type of those of congoénsis,
and separated from one another by a network of lighter lines.
Spots on face restricted to an area below a line connecting
the lower border of eye with angle of mouth; an indistinct
triangular white patch below ear; body-spots large, brown,
with ill-defined margins; a sudden break into smaller spots
at middle of thighs and on the corresponding part of fore-legs,
recalling the similar but more strongly pronounced feature in
antiquorum, Which this race also resembles in the abundant
spotting of the under-parts ; ground-colour white or whitish ;
shanks tawny, profusely spotted to the hoofs. Anterior
horn represented by a low tuberosity or swelling; whether
occipital horns were developed is not apparent.

6. 10. 26. 1. Skull and skin, the latter in fourteen
pieces. Angola. Purchased (Ward), 1906.

GIRAFFID.% 255

M.—Giraffa camelopardalis wardi.

Giraffa camelopardalis wardi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1904,ivol. i,
p. 221, pl. xv, fig. 2, Game Animals of Africa, p. 366, 1908;
Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, vol. ii, p. 626; Lankester, tbid.
1907, p. 122; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Giraffa wardi, Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 355, 1908.

Typical locality Northern Transvaal.
A large dark chocolate-coloured race, with the anterior

A B

Fic. 45.—Heap anp Necx or Torosa GiraFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis
cottoni), A, AND oF NorTH TRANSVAAL GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelo-
pardalis wardi), B.

horn reduced to a low irregular protuberance, the occipital
horns greatly developed, and the body-spots broken up into
irregular stars, recalling those of tuppelskirchi, from which

.

256 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

this race (apart from the absence of a frontal horn) differs by
the dark chocolate-brown--instead of chestnut—body-spots,
the stellate form of which serves to distinguish wardi from
capensis ; spots on sides of face restricted to region below
and behind eyes; shanks spotted.
3.11.18. 1. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 45, B), body-
skin (with limbs), and skull. Northern Transvaal. Type.
Body-skin presented by the Hon, Walter Rothschild,
head by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1903.

N.—Giraffa camelopardalis capensis.

Camelopardalis australis, Swainson, Geogr. and Classif. Anim. p. 95,
1835; A. Smith, Rep. Hxped. Inter. Africa, p. 40, 1836; nomen
nudum.

Camelopardalis capensis, FE. Geoffroy (?), teste Gray; Ogilby, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 1384, nom. nudum; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl.
Régne Anim. p. 168, 1842, ex Levaillant, Voyage Intér. Afrique,
pls. viii and ix, 1790.

Giraffa australis, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1896, p. 514;
Miiller, Zool. Garten, vol. xxxvii, p. 289, 1896.

Giraffa capensis, de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 277; Lydekker,
Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 488, 1899; Bryden, ibid.
p. 489, 1899; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 475;
Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 101, 1904; Noack, Zool. Anz.
vol, xxxiii, p. 854, 1908.

Giraffa camelopardalis capensis, Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii,
p. 77; Lydekker, wbid. 1904, vol. i, p. 222, pl. xvi, vol. ii, p. 341,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 366, 1908; Trowessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 841, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116,
1910; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 10, 1911.

Typical locality South Africa, north of the Orange River.*

Colour-pattern of the “blotched type,” that is to say,
large, subquadrangular, evenly bordered blotches or spots,
which in old males are chocolate-brown or blackish, on a
tawny ground; shanks deep tawny and fully spotted down
to the hoofs; anterior horn reduced to a low boss, and
occipital horns wanting. In immature specimens from the

* The older writers (cf. Jardine, Natwralist’s Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 187) state that giraffes occur in the extreme south of Cape Colony ;
but Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 501, considers it
doubtful whether they were ever found south of the Orange River,

although there is an old Hottentot tradition to the effect that a
herd formerly existed in the Queenstown district of Cape Colony.

GIRAFFID& 257

northern Kalahari the spots are less decidedly of the blotched
type, and show a tendency towards the netted pattern.
671, a. Skull, with horns sawn off. Koraqua, Klip-
fontein, South Africa.
Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.
671, 0. Skull, female, bisected. Maadji Mountains,
South Africa. Same history.
42. 12. 6. 16. Skull, skin (in several pieces), and feet,
from a mounted specimen. South Africa.
Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1842.

Sw ab

Fic, 46.—SxULL or SOUTHERN GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis capensis).
de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897.

55. 12. 26. 142. Skull, immature. South Africa (7),
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.
89. 4. 11. 11. Skull, bisected. South Africa (?). The
reference of both this and the preceding specimen to the
present race is provisional. No history.
96. 2, 29. 1. Head and neck, mounted, sub-adult.
Northern Kalahari. Presented by H. A. Bryden, Esq., 1896.
98. 2. 28. 13. Skin, Bechuanaland. Presented by

Bechuana Chiefs to H.M. Queen Victoria.

Presented by H.M. Queen Victoria, 1898.

Ill. iS)

258 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Il. Genus OKAPIA.

Okapia, Lankester, Nature, vol. Ixiv, p. 247, July 4, 1901, Proce. Zool.
Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 280, Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. xvi, p. 802, 1902,
Monograph of the Okapi, Atlas, 1910; Fraipont, Ann. Mus.
Congo, Zool. ser. 2, vol. i, p. 1, 1907; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sct. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. x, p. 1, 1910.

Ocapia, Lankester, Science, ser. 2, vol. xiv, p. 114, July 19, 1901;
Johnston, Cornish’s Living Animals, vol. i, p. 270, 1901;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 875, 1908.

Size much smaller than in Giraffa, and neck and limbs
much less elongated; females larger than males, which alone
carry a pair of frontal horns, capped with knobs of bare
bone; ears broad; skull very shallow, with the basicranial
axis nearly straight, and the lachrymal vacuities larger than
in Giraffa ; glands and teats unknown; coloration uniform
on greater part of body, but on hind-quarters and upper part
of limbs marked with alternating dark and light stripes of
varying width; tail shorter than in typical genus, with a
smaller tuft.

Distributional area the north-eastern and eastern fringes
of the equatorial forest-tract.

OKAPIA JOHNSTONI.

Equus (?)johnstoni, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. i, p. 50;
Ridewood, ibid. 1901, vol. ii, p. 3; Boulenger, tbid. 1902, vol. ii,
p. 72.

Okapia johnstoni, Lankester, Nature, vol. Ixiv, p. 247, 1901, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, pp. 281 and 472, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol.
xvi, p. 802, pls. xxx-xxxli, 1902, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 129,
Monograph of the Okapi, Atlas,* 1910; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1901, vol. ii, p. 8, pl. i; Carruccto, Boll. Soc. zool. ztal. ser. 2,
vol. iv, p. 1, 19038, vol. vi, p.177, 1905 ; Lonnberg, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1905, vol. ii, p.809; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 391,
1907; Fraipont, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ser. 2, vol. i, p. 1,
30 pls. 1907 ; Cabrera, Bol. Soc. espan. Hist. Nat. vol. vii, p. 133,
pl. ii, 1907; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, C. R. Ac. Sct. Paris,
vol. exlix, p. 693, 1909, Ann. Scr. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. x, p. 1,
pls. i-vi, 1910; Ridewood, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vi,
p. 887, 1910; Camerano, Atti Ac. Sci. Torino, vol. xlvi, p. 1,
pl. i, 1911; Cabrera, Cat. Mét. Mam. Madrid Mus. p. 129,
pl. iii, 1912; Wilmet, C. R. Ac. Sct. Paris, vol. elvi, p. 2006, 1913.

Ocapia johnstoni, Lankester, Science, ser. 2, vol. xiv, p. 114, 1901;
Johnston, Cornish’s Living Animals, vol. i, p. 270, 1901;
Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, Suppl. p. 6, 1902,

* No text published.

GIRAFFIDA 259

Game Animals of Africa, p. 375, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. vi, p. 224, 1910.

Helladotherium tigrinum, Johnston, Cornish's Living Animals, vol. i,
p. 270, 1901.

Okapia liebrechtsi, Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, pp. 78, fig. 7,
and 342, fig. 638, La Belgique Colontale, no. 9, 1902, p. 5338;
Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, vol. i, p. 129.

Okapia erikssoni, Lankester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x,
p. 417, 1902.

Typical locality Semliki Forest, East Central Africa.

The typical and only known species.

Shoulder-height in females about 5 feet 4 inches. Sides
of face pale puce; crown, backs of ears, neck, and greater
part of body plum-colour; sides of buttocks and upper
portion of limbs transversely barred with black and white
stripes of varying width; shanks mainly white, with black
fetlock rings, and a vertical black stripe on anterior surfaces
of front pair, which may extend over the knees, or may be
replaced there by a white knee-cap, and in some examples
joins the fetlock ring.

Distribution co-extensive with that of genus.

1. 8. 9. 53. Two strips of skin (“bandoliers”) from
the hind-quarters. Semliki Forest. Types. Figured by
Lankester, Monograph of the Okapi, pl. i, figs. 3 and 4.*

Presented by Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901.

1. 8.9.51. Skin, mounted, and skull (fig. 48), female.
Semliki; collected by Karl Eriksson. Type of 0. erikssonu.
Skin figured by Lankester, op. cit. pl. i, fig. 1; skull pl. iu,

fig. 1, pl. viii, fig. 2, and xiii, fig. A. Same history.
1.8. 9.52. Skull, immature. Semliki. Figured by
Lankester, op. cit. pl. xv, fig. J. Same history.

6. 12. 27. 1. Skin and skeleton, immature, mounted.
Ituri Forest; collected by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Skin figured by Lankester, op. cit. pl. i, fig. 2; skull pl. 11,
fig. 2, pl. vii, fig. 2, and pl. xiii, fig. B. Shin presented by

Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, skeleton purchased, 1906.

7, 7. 8 264. Skin, mounted, and skull, immature.
Wellé Valley, on border of Belgian Congo; collected by
the Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Skull figured by

* References to earlier figures of this and the following specimens

are given in the ‘“‘ Monograph.”
8s 2

260 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES ~

Fig. 47.—FrRontaL Vizw oF SKULL oF Mate OKaPi.
(Okapia johnstont).

GIRAFFID& 261

Fig. 48.—FrontaL VIEW oF SKULL OF FEMALE OKAPI
(Okapia johnstoni).

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

‘(guopsuyol vrdvy¢Q) IdVHQ FAHL—'6p ‘DLT

GIRAFFID. 263

Lankester, op. cit. pl. iv, tig. 2, pl. v, fig. 1, pl. vi, fig. 1,
pl. x1, fig. 1, and pl. xiv, fig. D.
Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.
7.12. 25.1. Skull, immature (skin, mounted, in America).
Ituri Forest. Figured by Lankester, op. cit. pl. iv, fig. 1,
pl. viii, fig. 1, and pl. xiii, fig. C. Purchased (Ward), 1907.
7.12. 25.2. Cast of skull. Locality of original (in an
American Museum) unknown. Figured by Lankester, op. cit.
pl. xv, fig. H. Same history.

Fie. 50.—S1pE ViEW OF SKULL AND ANTERIOR CERVICAL
VERTEBRE OF OKAPI (Okapia johnstont).

7. 12. 26.1. Cast of skull. The original, which, with
the rest of the skeleton, is in the Congo Museum, Tervueren,
Belgium, was obtained at Mundala, Belgian Congo, and is
the type of O. liebrechtsi. Figured by Lankester, op. cit.
pl. xvi, fig. L. Presented by the Tervueren Museum, 1907.

13.7. 3.1. Skin and skeleton, female, mounted. Ituri
Forest. Presented by the Rowland Ward Trustees, 1913.

INDEX
OF GENERA AND SPECIES

abu-harab, Leptoceros, 68

abu-harah, Gazella leptoceros, 68

abyssinicus, Strepsiceros, 202

Addax, 146

addax, Addax nasomaculatus, 150

addax, Antilope, 147, 150

(Addax) euryceros, Antilope, 203

Addax nasomaculatus, 146, 147

Addax nasomaculatus addax, 150

Addax nasomaculatus nasomacu-
latus, 149

(Addax) oreas, Antilope, 210

addax, Oryx, 147

(Addax) scripta, Antilope, 153

(Addax) strepsiceros, Antilope, 198

Addra, 107

addra, Antilope (Dama), 107

ZEgoceros bakeri, 138

fEgoceros koba, 140

Aigoceros leucopheus, 134, 137

Aiipyceras, 5

Aipyceras melampus, 6

AEpyceras petersi, 12

Aipyceros, 5

Aipyceros melampus, 5, 6

AApyceros melampus holubi, 9

Apyceros melampus johnstoni, 9

Apyceros melampus katange, 10

{pyceros melampus melampus, 8

/Epyceros melampus petersi, 12

/Epyceros melampus rendilis, 11

£pyceros melampus suara, 10

AXpyceros melampus typicus, 8

Apyceros petersi, 12

AMpyceros suara, 10

ethiopica, Capra, 134

sthiopicus, Camelopardalis, 241

Ahu, 43

Aigoceros barbata, 134

Aigoceros equinus, 184

Aigocerus, 131

Aigocerus harrisi, 141

Aigocerus leucopheeus, 133

(Aigocerus) leucopheus, Antilope,
133

Aigocerus niger, 141

albipes, Antilope, 225

albipes, Boselaphus, 226

albonotata, Gazella, 82

albonotata, Gazella rufifrons, 82

albonotatus, Tragelaphus gratus,
189

albonotatus, Tragelaphus spekei,
189

albo-virgatus, Tragelaphus, 203

albovittatus, Tragelaphus, 203

alces, Cemas, 209

algazel, Cemas, 126

algazel dammah, Oryx, 129

algazel, Oryx, 126, 127

algazel, Oryx algazel, 128

algazella, Antilope, 127

altaica, Gazella gutturosa, 39

altaica, Procapra, 39

American Antelope, 231

americana, Antilocapra, 230

americana, Antilocapra ameri-
cana, 232

americana, Antilope, 230

americana mexicana, Antilocapra,
234

americana peninsularis, Antilo-
capra, 234

Ammelaphus, 191

Ammelaphus imberbis, 192

Ammelaphus imberbis australis,
195

Ammodoreas, 2

Ammodorceas clarkei, 3

angasi, Euryceros, 180

angasi, Nyala, 180

angasi, Strepsiceros, 180

angasi, Tragelaphus, 179

angolensis, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 254

annectens, Oryx, 125

annectens, Oryx beisa, 125

Antelope, Blue, 132

Antelopus roualeynei, 176

Antidorcas, 109

INDEX

Antidorcas euchore, 110

Antidorcas marsupialis, 109, 111

Antidoreas marsupialis marsu-
pialis, 111

Antidorcas marsupialis centralis,
112

Antilocapra, 230

Antilocapra americana, 230

Antilocapra americana ameri-
cana, 232

Antilocapra americana mexicana,
232

Antilocapra americana peninsu-
laris, 234

Antilocapra furcifer, 231

Antilope, 22

Antilope addax, 147, 150

Antilope (Addax) euryceros, 203

Antilope (Addax) oreas, 210

Antilope (Addax) scripta, 153

Antilope (Addax) strepsiceros, 198

Antilope (Aigocerus) leucopheus,
133

Antilope albipes, 225

Antilope algazella, 127

Antilope americana, 230

Antilope arabica, 51, 57

Antilope aurita, 134

Antilope barbata, 134

Antilope beatrix, 130

Antilope beisa, 122

Antilope bennettii, 50

Antilope bezoartica, 24, 119, 127

Antilope bezoartria, 127

Antilope bilineata, 24

Antilope (Boselaphus) canna, 209

Antilope (Boselaphus) oreas, 209

Antilope (Bubalis) leucophza, 132

Antilope (Bubalis) oreas, 209

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, 120, 129

Antilope (Bubalis) tragocamelus,
226

Antilope (Bubalus) picta, 226

Antilope (Buselaphus) canna, 209

Antilope (Buselaphus) oreas, 209

Antilope canna, 209

Antilope capensis, 132

Antilope (Cephalophus) picta, 226

Antilope cervicapra, 23

(Antilope) cervicapra, Cerophorus,
24

Antilope chickara, 220
Antilope chiru, 18
Antilope chora, 202
Antilope colus, 14
Antilope cora, 57

265

Antilope corinna, 71

Antilope cuvieri, 32, 54

Antilope dama 102, 106

Antilope (Dama) addra, 107

Antilope (Dama) mhorr, 104

Antilope (Dama) nanguer, 102

Antilope dama var. occidentalis,
104

Antilope dama var. orientalis, 107

Antilope (Damalis) oreas, 210

Antilope (Damalis) picta, 226

Antilope dammah, 129

Antilope decula, 159

Antilope (Dicranocerus) furcifer,
231

Antilope dorcas, 48, 57, 71

Antilope dorsata, 110

Antilope (Egocerus) leucopheus,
132

Antilope ensicornis, 127

Antilope ensicornis var. asiatica,
130

Antilope ensicornis var. nubica
and senegalensis, 127

Antilope equina, 134

Antilope euchore, 109

Antilope euryceros, 203

Antilope furcifer, 231

Antilope gazella, 55, 126

Antilope (Gazella) saiga, 14

Antilope (Gazella) strepsiceros,
196

Antilope (Gazella) subgutturosa,
43

Antilope (Gazella) sylvatica, 177

Antilope gibbosa, 147

Antilope glauca, 133

Antilope (Grimmia) quadricornis,
221

Antilope gutturosa, 32, 34

(Antilope) gutturosa, Cerophorus,
35

Antilope hazenna, 51

Antilope hodgsoni, 18

Antilope isidis, 75

Antilope kemas, 18

Antilope kevella, 61, 70

Antilope levipes, 64

Antilope leptoceros, 64, 67

Antilope (Leptoceros) leptoceros,
68

Antilope leucophea, 132, 153
Antilope leucopus, 225
Antilope leucoryx, 127, 129
Antilope marsupialis, 109
Antilope melampus, 5

266

Antilope melanura, 81

Antilope mhoks, 105

Antilope mhorr, 102, 104

Antilope mytilopes, 147

Antilope naso-maculata, 146

Antilope nigra, 141

Antilope oreas, 208

Antilope (Oreas) canna, 209

Antilope (Oreas) oreas, 209

Antilope orientalis, 35

Antilope oryx, 119, 208

Antilope (Oryx) bezoastica, 126

Antilope pallah, 6

Antilope palmata, 231

Antilope pasan, 120

Antilope phalerata, 157

Antilope picta, 225

Antilope picticaudata, 30

Antilope pygarga, 110

Antilope quadricornis, 220

Antilope recticornis, 119

Antilope ruficollis, 107

Antilope rupicapra, 24

Antilope saccata, 110

Antilope saiga, 13

(Antilope) saiga, Cerophorus, 14

Antilope saliens, 110

Antilope saltans, 110

Antilope saltatrix, 110

Antilope seripta, 152

Antilope scythica, 14

Antilope soemmerringi, 96

Antilope soemmerringii, 86

Antilope strepsiceros, 196

Antilope sub-4-cornutus, 222

Antilope subgutturosa, 42

Antilope suturosa, 147

Antilope sylvatica, 177

Antilope tao, 126

Antilope tatarica, 15

Antilope (Taurotragus) derbianus,
216

Antilope (Taurotragus)
stonii, 212

Antilope (Taurotragus) oreas, 210

Antilope tendal, 202

Antilope (Tetraceros)
cornis, 221

Antilope tetracornis, 221

Antilope tilonura, 81

Antilope torticornis, 198

Antilope (Tragelaphus) decula, 159

Antilope (Tragelaphus) phalerata,

157

Antilope (Tragelaphus)

ceros, 197

living-

quadri-

strepsi-

INDEX

Antilope (Tragelaphus) sylvatica,
178

Antilope tragocamelus, 225

Antilope triangularis, 210

Antilope truteri, 134

Antilope tzeiran, 35

antiquorum, Camelopardalis, 244

antiquorum, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 244

Aoul, 97

Arabian Oryx, 130

arabica, Antilope, 51, 57

arabica erlangeri, Gazella, 59

arabica, Gazella, 57, 58

arabica, Gazella arabica, 59

arabica rueppelli, Gazella, 59

arabica typica, Gazella, 59

Ariel, 58, 107

arushe, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84

Ata, 31

aurita, Antilope, 134

australis, Ammelaphus imberbis,
195

australis, Camelopardalis, 256

australis, Giraffa, 256

australis, Strepsiceros imberbis,
195

bakeri, Agocerus, 138

bakeri, Egocerus equinus, 139

bakeri, Hippotragus, 137, 138

bakeri, Hippotragus equinus,
138

bakeri, Ozanna equinus, 139

barbata, Aigoceros, 134

barbata, Antilope, 134

baringoénsis, Eudorcas, 84

Bastard Gemsbok, 135

bea, Strepsiceros strepsiceros,
201

Beatrix, 130

beatrix, Antilope, 180

beatrix, Oryx, 130

behni, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84

Beisa, 123

beisa annectens, Oryx, 125

beisa, Antilope, 122

beisa callotis, Oryx, 125

beisa gallarum, Oryx, 124

beisa, Oryx, 122, 125

beisa, Oryx beisa, 123

beisa typica, Oryx, 123

bennetti, Gacella, 51

bennetti, Gazella, 49, 50, 59

bennettii, Antilope, 50

bennettii, Gazella, 51

INDEX

bennettii, Tragops, 51

bennettii, Tragopsis, 51

berberana, Gazella soemmerringi,
100

bergeri, Eudoreas, 84

bergerine, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84

bezoartica, Antilope, 24, 119, 127

bezoartica, Antilope (Oryx), 126

bezoartica, Cervicapra, 24

bezoarticus, Oryx, 127

bezoartria, Antilope, 127

biedermanni, Eudorcas, 84

biessa, Oryx, 122

bilineata, Antilope, 24

biturigum, Camelopardalis, 241

Blaauwbok, 133

Blackbuck, 25

Blue Antelope, 132

Bongo, 204

Bodcercus, 203

Bodcercus eurycerus, 208, 204

Boécercus eurycerus eurycerus,
205

Bodcercus eurycerus isaaci, 206

Bodcercus isaaci, 206

Boocerus, 203

Boocerus eurycerus, 204

bor, Tragelaphus, 164

bor, Tragelaphus scriptus, 164

Boschbok, 178

Boselaphus, 224

Boselaphus albipes, 226

Boselaphus canna, 209

(Boselaphus) canna, Antilope, 209

(Boselaphus) canna, Damalis, 209

Boselaphus derbianus, 216

(Boselaphus) gigas, Taurotragus,
218

Boselaphus oreas, 209, 216

(Boselaphus) oreas, Antilope, 209

(Boselaphus) oreas, Cerophorus,
209

(Boselaphus) oreas, Damalis, 209

(Boselaphus) oreas, Taurotragus,
217

Boselaphus pictus, 226

Boselaphus tragocamelus, 225,
226

Bosephalus, 224

brighti, Gazella granti, 93

brunneus, Tragelaphus haywoodi,
170

(Bubalis) leucophea,
132

(Bubalis) oreas, Antilope, 209

(Bubalis) oryx, Antilope, 120, 129

Antilope,

267

(Bubalis) tragocamelus, Antilope,
226

(Bubalus) picta, Antilope, 226

Buselaphus, 224

(Buselaphus) canna, Antilope, 209

(Buselaphus) oreas, Antilope, 209

Bushbuck, 154, 178

butteri, Gazella soemmerringi,
101

buxtoni, Strepsiceros, 182

buxtoni, Tragelaphus, 182

Calliope, 191

Calliope decula, 159

Calliope scripta, 153

Calliope strepsiceros, 197

Calliope sylvatica, 178

callotis, Oryx, 125

callotis, Oryx beisa, 125

Camelopardalis, 236

Camelopardalis ethiopicus, 241

camelopardalis angolensis,Giraffa,
254

Camelopardalis antiquorum, 244

camelopardalis antiquorum, Gi-
raffa, 244

Camelopardalis australis, 256

Camelopardalis biturigum, 241

Camelopardalis capensis, 256

camelopardalis capensis, Giraffa,
256

camelopardalis, Cervus, 240

camelopardalis congoénsis, Gi-
raffa, 253

camelopardalis cottoni, Giraffa,
247

Camelopardalis giraffa, 240, 244

camelopardalis, Giraffa, 240, 248,
250, 251

camelopardalis, Giraffa camelo-
pardalis, 242

camelopardalis infumata, Giraffa,
253

camelopardalis, Orasius, 241

camelopardalis peralta, Giraffa,
246

camelopardalis reticulata, Giraffa,
236

camelopardalis
raffa, 248, 251

Camelopardalis sennaarensis, 244

camelopardalis schillingsi, Giraffa,
251

camelopardalis thornicrofti, Gi-
raffa, 252

rothschildi, Gi-

268

camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Gi-
raffa, 250, 251

camelopardalis
242

camelopardalis wardi, Giraffa, 255

campestris gutturosa, Caprea, 84

canna, Antilope, 209

canna, Antilope (Boselaphus), 209

canna, Antilope (Buselaphus), 209

canna, Antilope (Oreas), 209

canna, Boselaphus, 209

canna, Damalis, 209

canna, Damalis (Boselaphus), 209

canna livingstoni, Oreas, 212

canna, Oreas, 209, 213

capensis, Antilope, 132

capensis, Camelopardalis, 256

capensis chora, Strepsiceros, 202

capensis, Damalis (Strepsiceros),
198

capensis, Giraffa, 256

capensis, Giraffa, camelopardalis,
256

capensis, Oryx, 120

capensis, Strepsiceros, 197

capensis typicus, Strepsiceros, 200

Capra sethiopica, 134

Capra cervicapra, 23

Capra doreas, 70

Capra gazella, 119

Capra jubata, 134

Capra leucophea, 132

Capra oreas, 209

Capra pygargus, 110

Capra sayga, 14

Capra strepsiceros, 196

Capra tatarica, 13, 14

Caprea campestris gutturosa, 84

casanove, Gazella (Nanger) soem-
merringi, 100

casanove, Gazella soemmerringi,
100

Cemas alces, 209

Cemas algazel, 126

Cemas colus, 14

Cemas dama, 102

Cemas doreas, 71

Cemas glaucus, 132

Cemas gutturosa, 35

Cemas kevella, 71

Cemas maculata, 71

Cemas marsupialis, 110

Cemas oryx, 129

Cemas pasan, 120

Cemas picta, 226

Cemas scriptus, 153

typiea, Giraffa,

INDEX

Cemas strepsiceros, 24

Cemuas sylvatica, 177

Cemas tragocamelus, 226

centralis, Antidorcas marsupialis,
112

centralis, Gazella rufifrons, 66

(Cephalophus) picta, Antilope, 226

Cerophorus (Antilope) cervicapra,
24

Cerophorus (Antilope) gutturosa,
35

Cerophorus (Antilope) saiga, 14

Cerophorus (Boselaphus) oreas,
209

Cerophorus (Cervicapray dama,
102

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) quadri-
cornis, 220

Cerophorus (Gazella) corinna, 72

Cerophorus (Gazella) euchore, 110

Cerophorus (Gazella) kevella, 72

Cerophorus (Gazella) nasomacu-
lata, 146

Cerophorus (Gazella) subguttu-
rosa, 43

Cerophorus (Oryx) gazella, 126

Cerephorus (Oryx) leucopheus,
132

Cerophorus (Oryx) leucoryx, 1380

Cerophorus (Oryx) oryx, 120

Cerophorus (Tragelaphus) strepsi-
ceros, 196

Cervicapra, 22

cervicapra, Antilope, 23

Cervicapra bezoartica, 24

cervicapra, Capra, 23

cervicapra, Cerophorus (Antilope),
24

Cervicapra [cervicapra], 24

Cervicapra clarkei, 3

(Cervicapra) -dama, Cerophorus,
102

(Cervicapra) quadricornis, Cero-
phorus, 220

cervicapra, Strepsiceros, 24

Cervus camelopardalis, 240

Cervus hamatus, 230

Cervus latipes 221

Cervus (Styloceros) latipes, 221

chickara, Antilope, 220

chickara, Tetracerus, 221

Chinkara, 52

Chiru, 19

chiru, Antilope, 18

chora, Antilope, 202

chora, Strepsiceros capensis, 202

INDEX

chora, Strepsiceros strepsiceros,
202

Chousingha, 222

christyi, Gazella, 51

cineraceus, Gazella, 54

clarkei, Ammodoreas, 3

clarkei, Cervicapra, 3

colini, Oreas, 216

Colus, 13

colus, Antilope, 14

colus, Cemas, 14

colus, Gazella, 15

Colus saiga, 15

colus, Saiga, 15

Colus tataricus, 15

congoénsis, Giraffa cameloparda-
lis, 253

congolanus, Taurotragus derbia-
nus, 219

cora, Antilope, 57

cora, Gazella, 57

corinna, Antilope, 71

corinna, Cerophorus (Gazella), 72

corinna, Gazella, 54

Corinne, 61

cornu singulare, Gazella Indice,
129

cottoni dodinge, Tragelaphus, 167

cottoni, Giraffa camelopardalis,
247

cottoni meridionalis, Tragelaphus,
167

cottoni, Tragelaphus, 167

cottoni, Tragelaphus scriptus, 167

cuvieri, Antilope, 32, 54

cuvieri, Gazella, 54

cuvieri, Leptoceros, 68

Dama, 85

(Dama) addra, Antilope, 107

dama. Antilope, 102, 106

dama, Cemas, 102

dama, Cerophorus (Cervicapra),
102

dama, Gazella, 102, 107

dama, Gazella dama, 104

dama, Gazella (Nanger), 102

(Dama) mhorr, Antilope, 104

dama mhorr, Gazella, 104, 105

dama, Nanger, 103

(Dama) nanguer, Antilope, 102

dama var. occidentalis, Antilope,
104

dama var. orientalis, Antilope,
107

dama permista, Gazella, 106

269

dama reducta, Gazella, 106

dama ruficollis, Gazella,
107

dama, Tragelaphus, 170

dama, Tragelaphus scriptus, 170

dama typica, Gazella, 104

Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, 209

Damalis (Boselaphus) oreas, 209

Damalis canna, 209

Damalis oreas, 209

(Damalis) oreas, Antilope, 210

Damalis picta, 226

(Damalis) picta, Antilope, 226

Damalis (Portax) risia, 226

Damalis risia, 226

Damalis strepsiceros, 197

Damalis (Strepsiceros) capensis,
198

Damalis (Strepsiceros)
ceros, 197

dammab, Antilope, 129

dammah, Oryx algazel, 129

Decula, 154

decula, Antilope, 159

decula, Antilope (Tragelaphus),
159

decula, Calliope, 159

decula fulvo-ochraceus, Tragela-
phus, 159

decula, Tragelaphus, 159

decula, Tragelaphus scriptus, 159

delamerei, Tragelaphus, 171

delamerei, Tragelaphus scriptus,
171

derbianus, Antilope (Taurotragus),
216

derbianus, Boselaphus, 216

derbianus congolanus, Tauro-
tragus, 219

derbianus gigas, Taurotragus, 217,
218

derbianus, Oreas, 216

derbianus, Taurotragus, 216, 219

derbianus, Taurotragus derbianus,
217

derbianus typicus, Taurotragus,
217

derbii, Oreas, 219

Dhero, 79, 80

diane sasse, Tragelaphus, 168

diane simplex, Tragelaphus, 168

diane, Tragelaphus, 168

diane, Tragelaphus scriptus, 168

Dibatag, 3

Dicranoceros furcifer, 231

Dicranocerus, 230

106,

strepsi-

270
(Dicranocerus) furcifer, Antilope,

dieseneri, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84

dodinge, Tragelaphus cottoni, 167

dongilanensis, Eudorcasthomsoni,
84

Doratoceros, 207

Doratoceros triangularis, 210
Dorcas, 40

dorcas, Antilope, 48, 57, 71
doreas, Capra, 70

doreas, Cemas, 71

Dorcas doreas, 72

dorcas, Dorcas, 72

doreas, Gacella, 72

doreas, Gazella, 54, 68, 70, 72, 75
doreas, Gazella dorcas, 73
Dorcas Gazelle, 72

doreas isabella, Gazella, 75
dorcas sundevalli, Gazella, 72
dorsata, Antilope, 110

Edmi, 54

Egoceros equinus, 135

Egoceros equinus gambianus, 140

Egocerus, 131

Egocerus equinus bakeri, 139

Egocerus equinus langheldi, 138

Egocerus equinus scharicus, 189

(Egocerus) leucopheus, Antilope,
182

Eland, 210

eldome, Tragelaphus, 172

eldome, Tragelaphus scriptus, 172

ensicornis, Antilope, 127

ensicornis, Antilope, va. asiatica,
130

ensicornis, Antilope, var. nubica
and senegalensis, 127

equina, Antilope, 134

equina, Ozanna, 135

equinus, Aigocerus, 134

equinus bakeri, Egocerus, 139

equinus bakeri, Hippotragus, 138

equinus bakeri, Ozanna, 139

equinus, Egocerus, 135

equinus gambianus, Egoceros, 140

equinus gambianus, Hippotragus,
140

equinus, Hippotragus, 134, 137,
139, 140

equinus, Hippotragus equinus, 136

equinus langheldi, Egocerus, 138

equinus langheldi, Hippotragus,
187, 138

equinus langheldi, Ozanna, 138

INDEX

equinus rufopallidus, Hippo-
tragus, 137

equinus scharicus, Egocerus, 139

equinus scharicus, Hippotragus,
139

equinus typicus, Hippotragus, 136

Equus johnstoni, 258

erikssoni, Okapia, 259

erlangeri, Gazella arabica, 59

erlangeri, Gazella (Nanger) soem-
merringi, 99

erlangeri, Gazella soemmerringi,
99

euchore, Antidorcas, 110

euchore, Antilope, 109

euchore, Cerophorus
110

euchore, Gazella, 110

Eudorcas, 40

Eudorcas baringoénsis, 84

Eudorcas bergeri, 84

Eudorcas biedermanni, 84

(Eudorcas) levipes senegalensis,
Gazella, 62

Eudoreas langheldi, 84

Eudorcas manyare, 84

Eudorcas mundorosica, 84

Eudorcas nakuroénsis, 84

Eudorcas ndjiriensis, 84

Eudorcas ruwane, 84

Eudoreas sabakiensis, 84

Eudorcas schillingsi, 84

Eudorcas thomsoni, 83

Eudorcas thomsoni arushe, 84

Eudorcas thomsoni behni, 84

Eudorcas thomsoni bergerine, 84

Eudorcas thomsoni dieseneri, 84

Eudorcas thomsoni dongilanensis,
84

Eudorcasthomsoni macrocephela,
84 :

Eudorcas thomsoni marwitzi, 84

Eudorcas wembaerensis, 84

Euryceros, 208

Euryceros angasi, 180

euryceros, Antilope, 203

euryceros, Antilope (Addax), 208

Euryceros euryceros, 203

euryceros, Euryceros, 203

eurycerus, Bodcercus, 203, 204

eurycerus, Boédcercus eurycerus,
205

eurycerus, Boocerus, 234

i (Hydrotragus) spekii,
185

eurycerus isaaci, Boécercus, 206

(Gazella),

INDEX 2a.

Eurycerus spekii, 186
eurycerus, Tragelaphus, 203
excelsus, Strepsiceros, 198

fasciatus, Tragelaphus, 163

fasciatus, Tragelaphus roualeyni,
163

fasciatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
163

Five-horned Giraffe, 248

Four-Horned Antelope, 222

fulvo-ochraceus, Tragelaphus de-
cula, 159

furcifer, Antilocapra, 231

furcifer, Antilope, 231

furcifer, Antilope (Dicranocerus),
231

furcifer, Dicranoceros, 231

fuscifrons, Gazella, 49

Gacella, 28

Gacella bennetti, 51

Gacella doreas, 72

Gacella granti, 86

Gacella pelzelni, 79

Gacella picticaudata, 30

Gacella soemmerringi, 97

Gacella spekei, 80

Gacella thomsoni, 83

gallarum, Oryx beisa, 124

gambianus, Eigoceros equinus, 140

gambianus, Hippotragus equinus,
140

Gazella, 28, 40, 76

Gazella albonotata, 82

gazella, Antilope, 55, 126

Gazella arabica, 57, 58

Gazella arabica arabica, 59

Gazella arabica erlangeri, 59

Gazella arabica rueppelli, 59

Gazella arabica typica, 59

Gazella bennetti, 49, 50, 59

Gazeila bennettii, 51

gazella, Capra, 119

gazella, Cerophorus (Oryx), 126

Gazella christyi, 51

Gazella cineraceus, 54

Gazella colus, 15

Gazella cora, 57

Gazella corinna, 54

(Gazella) corinna, Cerophorus, 72

Gazella cuvieri, 54

Gazella dama, 102, 107

Gazella dama dama, 104

Gazella dama mhorr, 104, 105

Gazella dama permista, 106

Gazella dama reducta, 106

Gazella dama ruficollis, 166, 107

Gazella dama typica, 104

Gazella dorcas, 54, 68, 70, 72, 75

Gazella doreas dorcas, 73

Gazella dorcas isabella, 75

Gazella dorcas sundevalli, 72

Gazella euchore, 110

(Gazella) euchore,
110

Gazella (Eudorcas) levipes sene-
galensis, 62

Gazella fuscifrons, 49

Gazella gazella, 55, 56

gazella, Gazella, 55, 56

Gazella granti, 86, 95

Gazella granti brighti, 93

Gazella granti var. gelidjiensis, 95

Gazella granti granti, 88

Gazella granti lacuum, 92

Gazella granti notata, 93

Gazella granti petersi, 95

Gazella granti raineyi, 92

Gazella granti robertsi, 91

Gazella granti roosevelti, 90

Gazella granti serengete, 94

Gazella granti smithi, 93

Gazella granti typica, 88

Gazella gutturosa, 35, 46

Gazella gutturosa altaica, 39

Gazella gutturosa gutturosa, 37

Gazella hayi, 49

Gazella hazenna, 51

Gazella hillieriana, 43

Gazella Indice cornu singulare,
129

Gazella isabella, 72, 75, 76

Gazella isabellina, 75

Gazella kevella, 54

(Gazella) kevella, Cerophorus, 72

Gazella (Korin) rufifrons, 62

Gazella levipes, 81

Gazella leptoceros, 67, 68

Gazella leptoceros abu-harah, 68

Gazella leptoceros leptoceros, 69

Gazella leptoceros loderi, 69

Gazella leptoceros typica, 69

Gazella littoralis, 76

Gazella littoralis littoralis, 77

Gazella littoralis osiris, 78

Gazella loderi, 68, 69

Gazella marica, 60

Gazella melanura, 81

Gazella merrilli, 56

Gazella mhorr, 105

Gazella mhorr reducta, 106

Cerophorus,

272

Gazella mohr, 108, 105

Gazella mohrr, 105

Gazella mongolica, 43

Gazella muscatensis, 60

Gazella (Nanger) dama, 102

Gazella (Nanger) granti, 86

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi,
96

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi
casanovee, 100

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi
erlangeri, 99

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi
sibylle, 100

Gazella nanguer, 103

Gazella naso, 80

(Gazella) nasomaculata,
phorus, 146

Gazella notata, 94

gazella, Oryx, 119, 120

Gazella pelzelni, 78

Gazella petersi, 95

Gazella picticauda, 30

Gazella picticaudata, 30

Gazella (Procapra) gutturosa, 34,
35

Gazella (Procapra) picticaudata,
30

Gazella (Procapra) przewalskii, 382

Gazella przewalskii, 33

Gazella recticornis, 119

Gazella ruficollis, 107

Gazella rufifrons, 61

Gazella rufifrons albonotata, 82

Gazella rufifrons centralis, 66

Gazella rufifrons basleri, 65

Gazella rufifrons kanuri, 65

Gazella rufifrons levipes, 64

Gazella rufifrons rufifrons, 63

Gazella rufifrons salmi, 64

Gazella rufifrons typica, 63

Gazella rufina, 66

(Gazella) saiga, Antilope, 14

Gazella salmi, 64

Gazella seistanica, 47

Gazella soemmerringi, 96

Gazella soemmerringi berberana,
100

Gazella soemmerringi butteri, 101

Gazella soemmerringi casanove,
100

Gazella soemmerringi erlangeri,
99

Gazella soemmerringi sibyllz, 100

Gazella soemmerringi soemmer-
ringi, 98

Cero-

INDEX

Gazella soemmerringi typica, 98

Gazella spekei, 78, 80

(Gazella) strepsiceros, Antilope,
196

Gazella subgutturosa, 42, 43

(Gazella) subgutturosa, Antilope,
43

(Gazella) subgutturosa, Cero-
phorus, 43

Gazella subgutturosa sairensis, 45

Gazella subgutturosa subguttu-
rosa, 44

Gazella subgutturosa typica, 44

Gazella subgutturosa yarkanden-
sis, 46

(Gazella) sylvatica, Antilope, 177

Gazella thomsoni, 83

Gazella thomsoni nasalis, 83

Gazella tilonura, 81

Gazella vera, 57

Gazella walleri, 114

(Gazella) walleri, Lit [h] ocranius,
114

Gazella yarcandensis, 46

Gazella yarkandensis, 46

Gazella yarkandensis kennioni, 49

Gemsbok, 120

Gemsbuck, 120

Gerenuk, 115

Ghasal, 58

gibbosa, Antilope, 147

gigas, Taurotragus, 218

gigas, Taurotragus (Boselaphus),
218

gigas, Taurotragus derbianus, 217,
218

gigas, Taurotragus oryx, 218

Giraffa, 236

Giraffa australis, 256

Giraffa camelopardalis, 240, 248,
250, 251

giraffa, Camelopardalis, 240, 244

Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis,
254

Giraffa | camelopardalis
quorum, 244

Giraffa camelopardalis camelopar-
dalis, 242

Giraffa camelopardalis capensis,
256

Giraffa camelopardalis congoén-
sis, 253

Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni,
247

Giraffa camelopardalis infumata,
253

anti-

INDEX

Giraffa camelopardalis peralta,
246

Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata,
236

Giraffa camelopardalisrothschildi,
248, 251

Giraffa camelopardalis schillingsi,
251

Giraffa camelopardalis
crofti, 252

Giraffa camelopardalis tippels-
kirchi, 250, 251

Giraffa camelopardalis
242

Giraffa camelopardalis wardi, 255

Giraffa capensis, 256

Girafia hagenbecki, 237

Giraffa infumata, 253

Giraffa reticulata, 236

Giraffa reticulata nigrescens, 239

Giraffa reticulata reticulata, 238

Giraffa reticulatus, 237

Giraffa schillingsi, 251

Giraffa tippelskirchi, 251

Giraffe, 248

Giraffe, Five-horned, 248

Giraffe, Tana, 250

glauca, Antilope, 133

glaucus, Cemas, 132

Goa, 31

Goitred Gazelle, 43

granti brighti, Gazella, 93

granti, Gacella, 86

granti, Gazella, 86, 95

granti, Gazella granti, 88

granti, Gazella (Nanger), 86

Granti var. gelidjiensis, Gazella,
95

thorni-

typica,

granti lacuum, Gazella, 92
granti, Matschiea, 86
granti notata, Gazella, 93
granti petersi, Gazella, 95
granti raineyi, Gazella, 92
granti robertsi, Gazella, 91
granti roosevelti, Gazella, 90
granti serengete, Gazella, 94
granti smithi, Gazella, 93
granti typica, Gazella, 88
gratus albonotatus, Tragelaphus,
189
gratus, Limnotragus, 188
gratus selousi, Limnotragus, 189
gratus, Tragelaphus, 157, 188
gratus, Tragelaphus spekei, 188
(Grimmia) quadricornis, Antilope,
221
Til.

273

Guib, 154, 155

gutturosa altaica, Gazella, 39

gutturosa, Antilope, 32, 34

gutturosa, Caprea campestris, 34

gutturosa, Cemas, 35

gutturosa, Cerophorus (Antilope),
35

gutturosa, Gazella, 35, 46

gutturosa, Gazella eutturosa, 37

gutturosa, Gazella (Procapra),
84, 35

gutturosa, Procapra, 35

hagenbecki, Giraffa, 237

hamatus, Cervus, 230

Harnessed Antelope, 154

Harrisbuck, 142

harrisi, Aigocerus, 141

hasleri, Gazella rufifrons, 65

hayi, Gazella, 49

haywoodi brunneus, Tragelaphus,
170

haywoodi, Tragelaphus, 170

haywoodi, Tragelaphus scriptus,
170

hazenna, Antilope, 51

hazenna, Gazella, 51

hazenna, Tragopsis, 51

Helladotherium tigrinum, 259

Heran, 25

Heuglin’s Gazelle, 81

hillieriana, Gazella, 48

hippelaphus, Tragelaphus, 226

Hippotragus, 131

Hippotragus bakeri, 187, 188

Hippotragus equinus, 134, 137,
139, 140

Hippotragus equinus bakeri, 138

Hippotragus equinus equinus, 136

Hippotragus equinus gambianus,
140

Hippotragus equinus langheldi,
137, 138

Hippotragus equinus rufopallidus,
187

Hippotragus equinus scharicus,
139

Hippotragus equinus typicus, 136
Hippotragus koba, 140
Hippotragus langheldi, 137
Hippotragus leucophzus, 132, 133,

134
Hippotragus niger, 141, 142
Hippotragus niger kirki, 144
Hippotragus niger var. kirkii, 144
Hippotragus niger niger, 143

T

274

Hippotragus niger roosevelti, 146

Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger, 142

Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger kauf-
manni, 144

Hippotragus rufopallidus, 137

hodgsoni, Antilope, 18

hodgsoni, Kemas, 19

hodgsoni, Pantholops, 18

holubi, AZpyceros melampus, 9

hoodoo, Strepsiceros, 197

Hydrotragus, 185

(Hydrotragus) spekii, Eurycerus,
185

imberbis, Ammelaphus, 192

imberbis australis, Ammelaphus,
195

imberbis australis, Strepsiceros,
195

imberbis, Strepsiceros, 192

imberbis, Strepsiceros imberbis,
194

Impala, 6

Indian Gazelle, 52

Indic cornu singulare, Gazella,
129

infumata, Giraffa, 253

infumata, Giraffa camelopardalis,
258

Inyala, 180

iodes, Tetraceros, 222

isaaci, Bodcercus, 206

isaaci, Boécercus eurycerus, 206

isabella, Gazella, 72, 75, 76

isabella, Gazella dorcas, 75

isabellina, Gazella, 75

isidis, Antilope, 75

johnstoni, Aipyceros melampus, 9
johnstoni, Equus, 258

johnstoni, Ocapia, 258

johnstoni, Okapia, 258

jubata, Capra, 134

kanuri, Gazella rufifrons, 65

katange, Aupyceros melampus, 10

kaufmanni, Hippotragus (Ozanna)
niger, 144

kaufmanni, Oreas, 214

kaufmanni, Oreas oreas, 214

kaufmanni, Taurotragus oryx, 214

kemas, Antilope, 18

Kemas hodgsoni, 19

kennioni, Gazella yarkandensis,
49

INDEX

kevella, Antilope, 61, 70

kevella, Cemas, 71

kevella, Cerophorus (Gazella), 72

kevella, Gazella, 54

Kik, 46

kirki, Hippotragus niger, 144

kirkii, Hippotragus niger, 144

knutsoni, Tragelaphus, 158

knutsoni, Tragelaphus scriptus,
158

koba, ASgoceros, 140

koba, Hippotragus, 140

Koedoe, 198

Korin, 40

(Korin) rufifrons, Gazella, 62

Kudu (Koodoo), 198

Kudu, Lesser, 192

kudu, Strepsiceros, 197

La Gazelle & bourse sur le dos,
109

La Gazelle Tzeiran, 132

La Nanguer, 102

lacuum, Gazella granti, 92

levipes, Antilope, 64

levipes, Gazella, 81

leevipes, Gazella rufifrons, 64

levipes senegalensis, Gazella (Eu-
dorcas), 62

langheldi, Egocerus equinus, 138

langheldi, Eudoreas, 84

langheldi, Hippotragus, 137

langheldi, Hippotragus equinus,
137, 138

langheldi, Ozanna equinus, 138

laticeps, Tragelaphus locorinew,
168

latipes, Cervus, 221

latipes, Cervus (Styloceros), 221

Le Kevel, 61

Leptoceros, 40

Leptoceros abu-harab, 68

leptoceros abu-harah, Gazella, 68

leptoceros, Antilope, 64, 67

leptoceros, Antilope (Leptoceros),
68

Leptoceros cuvieri, 68

leptoceros, Gazella, 67, 68

leptoceros, Gazella leptoceros, 69

eeaprocerss) leptoceros, Antilope,
6

leptoceros loderi, Gazella, 69
leptoceros typica, Gazella, 69
Lesser Kudu, 192

leucophrea, Antilope, 132, 153

INDEX

leucophea, Antilope
132
leucophea, Capra, 182
leucopheus, Aigoceros, 137
leucopheus, Aigocerus, 134
leucopheus, Aigocerus, 133
leucophzeus, Antilope (Aigocerus),
133
leucopheus, Antilope (Egocerus),
182
leucopheus, Cerophorus (Oryx),
132
leucopheeus,
133, 134
leucopus, Antilope, 225
leucoryx, Antilope, 127, 129
leucoryx, Cerophorus (Oryx), 130
leucoryx, Oryx, 127, 129, 130
leucoryx pallasi, Oryx, 130
liebrechtsi, Okapia, 259
Limnotragus, 185
Limnotragus gratus, 188
Limnotragus gratus selousi, 189
Limnotragus selousi, 189

(Bubalis),

Hippotragus, 182,

(Limnotragus) spekei, Trage-
laphus, 185, 186
(Limnotragus) spekei ugalla,

Tragelaphus, 186

Limnotragus spekii, 186

Lithocranius, 113

Lii[h]ocranius (Gazella) walleri,
114

Lithocranius sclateri, 116

Lithocranius walleri, 114

Lithocranius walleri sclateri, 116

Lithocranius walleri walleri, 115

littoralis, Gazella, 76

littoralis, Gazella littoralis, 77

littoralis osiris, Gazella, 78

livingstonei, Taurotragus oreas,
212

livingstonei, Taurotragus oryx,

livingstoni, Oreas canna, 212

livingstonianus, Taurotragus oryx,
212

livingstonii, Antilope (Taurotra-
gus), 212

livingstonii, Oreas, 212

locorine laticeps, Tragelaphus,
168

locorine, Tragelaphus, 168

locorine, Tragelaphus scriptus,
168

loderi, Gazella, 68, 69

loderi, Gazella leptoceros, 69

275

macrocephala, Eudorcas thom-
soni, 84

maculata, Cemas, 71

makale, Tragelaphus
157

manyare, Eudorcas, 84

marica, Gazella, 60

marsupialis, Antidorcas, 109, 111

marsupialis, Antidorcas marsu-
pialis, 111

marsupialis, Antilope, 109

marsupialis, Cemas, 110

marsupialis centralis, Antidorcas,
112

marwitzi, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84

massaicus, Tragelaphus, 173

massaicus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
173

Matschiea, 85

Matschiea granti, 86

melampus, Aipyceras, 6

melampus, Aipyceros, 5, 6

melampus, AZpyceros melampus,
8

scriptus,

melampus, Antilope, 5

melampus holubi, Apyceros, 9

melampus johnstoni, ipyceros, 9

melampus katange, ASpyceros, 10

melampus petersi, ASpyceros, 12

melampus rendilis, Aipyceros, 11

melampus suara, Aipyceros, 10

melampus typicus, Aupyceros, 8

melanura, Antilope, 81

melanura, Gazella, 81

meneliki, Tragelaphus, 160

meridionalis, Tragelaphus cottoni,
167

merrilli, Gazella, 56

meruensis, Tragelaphus scriptus,
175

meruensis, Tragelaphus sylvati-
cus, 175

mexicana, Antilocapra americana,
234

mhoks, Antilope, 105

Mhorr, 105

mhorr, Antilope, 102, 104

mhorr, Antilope (Dama), 104

mhorr, Gazella, 105

mhorr, Gazella dama, 104, 105

mhorr, Nanger, 105

whorr reducta, Gazella, 106

mohr, Gazella, 108, 105

mohrr, Gazella, 105

mongolica, Gazella, 43

Mountain Nyala, 183

276

multicolor, Tragelaphus, 162

multicolor, Tragelaphus scriptus,
162

mundorosica, Eudorcas, 84

muscatensis, Gazella, 60

mytilopes, Antilope, 147

Nakong, 188

nakuroénsis, Eudorcas, 84

Nanger, 85, 108

Nanger dama, 103

(Nanger) dama, Gazella, 102

(Nanger) granti, Gazella, 86

Nanger mhorr, 105

(Nanger) soemmerringi casanove,
Gazella, 100

(Nanger) soemmerringi erlangeri,
Gazella, 99

(Nanger) soemmerringi, Gazella,
96

(Nanger) soemmerringi sibylle,
Gazella, 100

Nanguer, 103

nanguer, Antilope (Dama), 102

nanguer, Gazella, 103

Nanguer, La, 102

nasalis, Gazella thomsoni, 83

naso, Gazella, 80

naso-maculata, Antilope, 146

nasomaculata, Cerophorus (Ga-
zella), 146

nasomaculatus, Addax, 146, 147

nasomaculatus addax, Addax, 150

nasomaculautus, Addax nasoma-
culatus, 149

nasomaculatus, Oryx, 147

ndjiriensis, Hudorcas, 84

niediecki, Taurotragus oryx, 213

niger, Aigocerus, 141

niger, Hippotragus, 141, 142

niger, Hippotragus niger, 143

niger, Hippotragus (Ozanna), 142

niger kaufmanni, Hippotragus
(Ozanna), 144

niger kirki, Hippotragus, 144

niger var. kirkii, Hippotragus,
144

niger, Ozanna, 142

niger roosevelti, Hippotragus, 146

nigra, Antilope, 141

nigra, Ozanna, 142

nigrescens, Giraffa reticulata, 239

nigrinotatus, Tragelaphus, 163

nigrinotatus, Tragelaphus scrip-
tus, 163

Nilgai, 227

INDEX

notata, Gazella, 94
notata, Gazella granti, 93
Nubian Giraffe, 242
Nyala, 151, 180

Nyala angasi, 180

obscurus, Tragelaphus, 157

Ocapia, 258

Ocapia johnstoni, 258

Okapia, 258

Okapia erikssoni, 259

Okapia johnstoni, 258

Okapia liebrechtsi, 259

olivaceus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
178

Onyx onyx, 120

onyx, Onyx, 120

Orasius, 236

Orasius camelopardalis, 241

Oreas, 207

oreas, Antilope, 208

oreas, Antilope (Addax), 210

oreas, Antilope (Boselaphus), 209

oreas, Antilope (Bubalis), 209

oreas, Antilope (Buselaphus), 209

oreas, Antilope (Damalis), 210

oreas, Antilope (Oreas), 209

oreas, Antilope (Taurotragus), 210

oreas, Boselaphus, 209, 216

Oreas canna, 209, 213

(Oreas) canna, Antilope, 209

Oreas canna livingstoni, 212

oreas, Capra, 209

oreas, Cerophorus (Boselaphus),
209

Oreas colini, 216

oreas, Damalis, 209

oreas, Damalis (Boselaphus), 209

Oreas derbianus, 216

Oreas derbii, 219

Oreas gigas, 219

Oreas kaufmanni, 214

oreas kaufmanni, Oreas, 214

oreas livingstonei, Taurotragus,
212

Oreas livingstonii, 212

Oreas oreas, 210

oreas, Oreas, 210

(Oreas) oreas, Antilope, 209

Oreas oreas kaufmanni, 214

Oreas oryx, 210

Oreas pattersonianus, 214

Oreas selousi, 213

oreas, Taurotragus (Boselaphus),
217

Oreas triangularis, 210

INDEX

Orias, 207

orientalis, Antilope, 385

ornatus, Tragelaphus, 175

ornatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
175

Oryx, 118, 127

Oryx addax, 147

Oryx algazel, 126, 127

Oryx algazel algazel, 128

Oryx algazel dammah, 129

Oryx annectens, 125

oryx, Antilope, 119, 208

oryx, Antilope (Bubalis), 120, 129

Oryx beatrix, 130

Oryx beisa, 122, 125

Oryx beisa aunectens, 125

Oryx beisa beisa, 123

Oryx beisa callotis, 125

Oryx beisa gallarum, 124

Oryx beisa typica, 123

Oryx bezoarticus, 127

(Oryx) bezoastica, Antilope, 126

Oryx biessa, 122

Oryx callotis, 125

Oryx capensis, 120

oryx, Cemas, 129

oryx, Cerophorus (Oryx), 120

Oryx gazella, 119, 120

(Oryx) gazella, Cerophorus, 126

oryx gigas, Taurotragus, 218

oryx kaufmanni, Taurotragus, 214

(Oryx) leucopheus, Cerophorus,
132

Oryx leucoryx, 127, 129, 130

(Oryx) leucoryx, Cerophorus, 130

Oryx leucoryx pallasi, 180

oryx livingstonei, Taurotragus,
212

oryx livingstonianus, Taurotragus,
212

Oryx nasomaculatus, 147

oryx niediecki, Taurotragus, 213

oryx, Oreas, 210

Oryx oryx, 120

oryx, Oryx, 120

(Oryx) oryx, Cerophorus, 120

oryx pattersonianus, Taurotragus,
214

oryx selousi, Taurotragus, 213

oryx, Taurotragus, 208, 210

oryx, Taurotragus oryx, 211

oryx typicus, Taurotragus, 211

osiris, Gazella littoralis, 78

Ovis strepsiceros, 196

Ozanna, 131

Ozanna equina, 135

III.

277

Ozanna equinus bakeri, 139

Ozanna equinus langheldi, 188

Ozanna niger, 142

(Ozanna) niger, Hippotragus, 142

Ozanna, nigra, 142

(Ozanna) niger kaufmanni, Hip-
potragus, 144

Ozanna roosevelti, 146

paccerois, Tetraceros, 222
Pala, 6

Palla, 6

pallah, Antilope, 6
pallasi, Oryx leucoryx, 180
palmata, Antilope, 231
Pantholops, 18
Pantholops hodgsoni, 18
pasan, Antilope, 120
pasan, Cemas, 120
pattersonianus, Oreas, 214

pattersonianus, Taurotragus oryx,

214
Pelzeln’s Gazelle, 79
pelzelni, Gacella, 79
pelzelni, Gazella, 78
peninsularis, Antilocapra ameri-
cana, 234
peralta, Giraffa camelopardalis,
246
permista, Gazella dama, 106
Persian Gazelle, 43
petersi, Apyceras, 12
petersi, Aipyceros, 12
petersi, Aipyceros melampus, 12
petersi, Gazella, 95
petersi, Gazella granti, 95
phalerata, Antilope, 157
phalerata, Antilope (Tragelaphus),
157
phalerata, Tragelaphus, 157
phaleratus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
157
picta, Antilope, 225
picta, Antilope (Bubalus), 226
picta, Antilope (Cephalophus),
226
picta, Antilope (Damalis), 226
picta, Cemas, 226
picta, Damalis, 226
picta, Portax, 226
picticauda, Gazella, 30
picticaudata, Antilope, 30
picticaudata, Gacella, 30
picticaudata, Gazella, 30
picticaudata, Gazella (Procapra),
30
T 2

278

picticaudata, Procapra, 30

pictus, Boselaphus, 226

pictus, Tragelaphus scriptus, 164

Portax, 224

Portax picta, 226

(Portax) risia, Damalis, 226

Portax tragelaphus, 226

Portax tragocamelus, 226

powelli, Tragelaphus, 161

powelli, Tragelaphus scriptus, 161

Procapra, 29

Procapra altaica, 39

Procapra gutturosa, 35

(Procapra) gutturosa, Gazella, 34,
85

Procapra picticaudata, 30
(Procapra) picticaudata, Gazella,
30

Procapra przewalskii, 33
(Procapra) przewalskii, Gazella,
32

Prongbuck, 231

Pronghorn, 231

przewalskii, Gazella, 33

przewalskii, Gazella (Procapra),
32

przewalskii, Procapra, 33

punctatus, Tragelapus scriptus,
165

pygarga, Antilope, 110

pygargus, Capra, 110

quadricornis, Antilope, 220

quadricornis, Antilope (Grimmia),
221

quadricornis,
ceros), 221

quadricornis, Cerophorus (Cervi-
capra), 220

quadricornis, Tetracerus, 220, 221

quadricornis typicus, Tetraceros,
222

Antilope (Tetra-

Ragoa, 31

raineyi, Gazella granti, 92

recticornis, Antilope, 119

recticornis, Gazella, 119

reducta, Gazella dama, 106

reducta, Gazella mhorr, 106

rendilis, Aipyceros melampus, 11

reticulata, Giraffa, 236

reticulata, Giraffa camelopardalis,
236

reticulata, Giraffa reticulata, 238

reticulata nigrescens, Giraffa, 239

reticulatus, Giraffa, 237

INDEX

Rhim, 60, 68

risia, Damalis, 226

risia, Damalis (Portax), 226
Roan Antelope, 135
robertsi, Gazella granti, 91
roosevelti, Gazella granti, 90

roosevelti, Hippotragus niger,
146

roosevelti, Ozanna, 146
rothschildi, Giraffa camelopar-

dalis, 248, 251

roualeynei, Antelopus, 176

roualeynei, Tragelaphus, 176

roualeyni fasciatus, Tragelaphus,
163

roualeyni, Tragelaphus scriptus,
176

roualeyni, Tragelaphus sylvati-
cus, 176

roualeyni typicus, Tragelaphus,
176

rueppelli, Gazella arabica, 59

ruficollis, Antilope, 107

ruficollis, Gazella, 107

ruficollis, Gazella dama, 106, 107

rufifrons albonotata, Gazella, 82

rufifrons centralis, Gazella, 66

rufifrons, Gazella, 61

rufifrons, Gazella (Korin), 62

rufifrons, Gazella rufifrons, 63

rufifrons hasleri, Gazella, 65

rufifrons kanuri, Gazella, 65

rufifrons levipes, Gazella, 64

rufifrons salmi, Gazella, 64

rufifrons typica, Gazella, 63

rufina, Gazella, 66

rufopallidus, Hippotragus, 137

rufopallidus, Hippotragus equinus,
1387

rupicapra, Antilope, 24

ruwane, Eudorcas, 84

sabakiensis, Eudoreas, 84
Sable Antelope, 142
saccata, Antilope, 110
Saiga, 18, 15

saiga, Antilope, 13

saiga, Antilope (Gazella), 14
saiga, Cerophorus (Antilope), 14
Saiga colus, 15

saiga, Colus, 15

Saiga saiga, 15

saiga, Saiga, 15

Saiga tatarica, 13

Saigak, 15

Saikik, 46

INDEX

aa Gazella subgutturosa,

Sala (Swahili), 95

saliens, Antilope, 110

salmi, Gazella, 64

salmi, Gazella rufifrons, 64

saltans, Antilope, 110

saltatrix, Antilope, 110

sasse, Tragelaphus diane, 168

sayga, Capra, 14

scharicus, Egocerus equinus, 189

sae Hippotragus equinus,

9

schillingsi, Eudoreas, 84

schillingsi, Giraffa, 251

schillingsi, Giraffa camelopardalis,
251

sclateri, Lithocranius, 116

sclateri, Lithocranius walleri, 116

scripta, Antilope, 152

scripta, Antilope (Addax), 153

scripta, Calliope, 153

scriptus bor, Tragelaphus, 164

scriptus, Cemas, 153

scriptus cottoni, Tragelaphus, 167

scriptus dama, Tragelaphus, 170

scriptus decula, Tragelaphus, 159

scriptus delamerei, Tragelaphus,
171

scriptus diane, Tragelaphus, 168

scriptus eldome, Tragelaphus,
172

scriptus fasciatus, Tragelaphus,
163

scriptus haywoodi, Tragelaphus,
170

scriptus knutsoni, Tragelaphus,
158

scriptus locorine, Tragelaphus,
168

scriptus makale, Tragelaphus,
157

scriptus massaicus, Tragelaphus,
173

scriptus
160

scriptus meruensis, Tragelaphus,
175

scriptus multicolor, Tragelaphus,
162

scriptus nigrinotatus,
phus, 163

scriptus olivaceus, Tragelaphus,
173

scriptus
175

meneliki, Tragelaphus,

Tragela-

ornatus, Tragelaphus,

279

scriptus phaleratus, Tragelaphus,
157

scriptus pictus, Tragelaphus, 164

scriptus powelli, Tragelaphus, 161

scriptus punctatus, Tragelaphus,
165

scriptus roualeyni, Tragelaphus,
176

scriptus signatus, Tragelaphus,
165

scriptus sylvaticus, Tragelaphus,
177, 178

scriptus tjederi, Tragelaphus, 171

scriptus, Tragelaphus, 152, 153

scriptus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
155

scriptus typicus, Tragelaphus, 155

scriptus uellensis, Tragelaphus,
166

seythica, Antilope, 14

seistanica, Gazella, 47

selousi, Limnotragus, 189

selousi, Limnotragus gratus, 189

selousi, Oreas, 213

selousi, Taurotragus oryx, 213

selousi, Tragelaphus, 189

selousi, Tragelaphus spekei, 189

senegalensis, Gazella (Eudorcas)
levipes, 62

sennaarensis, Camelopardalis, 244

Seren, 35

serengete, Gazella granti, 94

sibyllea, Gazella (Nanger) soem-
merringi, 100

sibylle, Gazella soemmerringi,
100

signatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
165

simplex, Tragelaphus dianz, 168

Sitatunga or Situtunga, 189

smithi, Gazella granti, 93

Soemmerring’s Gazelle, 97

soemmerringi, Antilope, 96

soemmerringi berberana, Gazella,
100

soemmerringi
101

soemmerringi casanove, Gazella,
100

soemmerringi casanovie, Gazella
(Nanger), 100

soemmertringi erlangeri, Gazella,
99

soemmerringi erlangeri, Gazella
(Nanger), 99

soemmerringi, Gacella, 97

butteri, Gazella,

280

soemmerringi, Gazella, 96

soemmerringi, Gazella (Nanger),
96

soemmetringi, Gazella soemmer-
ringi, 98

soemmerringi sibylle, Gazella,
100
soemmerringi sibylle, Gazella

(Nanger), 100

soemmerringi typica, Gazella, 98

soemmerringii, Antilope, 86

speekei, Tragelaphus, 186

spekei albonotatus, Tragelaphus,
189

spekei, Gacella, 80

spekei, Gazella, 78, 80

spekei gratus, Tragelaphus, 188

spekei selousi, Tragelaphus, 189

spekei, Tragelaphus, 185, 189

spekei, Tragelaphus (Limnotra-
gus), 185, 186

spekei, Tragelaphus spekei, 186

spekei typicus, Tragelaphus, 186

spekei ugalle, Tragelaphus (Lim-
notragus), 186

spekii, Eurycerus, 186

spekii, Eurycerus (Hydrotragus),
185

spekii, Limnotragus, 186

Springbok, 111

Springbuck, 111

Strepsiceros, 191

Strepsiceros abyssinicus, 202

Strepsiceros angasi, 180

strepsiceros, Antilope, 196

strepsiceros, Antilope (Addax),
198

strepsiceros, Antilope (Gazella),
196

strepsiceros, Antilope (Tragela-
phus), 197

strepsiceros bea, Strepsiceros, 201

Strepsiceros buxtoni, 182

strepsiceros, Calliope, 197

Strepsiceros capensis, 197

Strepsiceros capensis chora, 202

(Strepsiceros) capensis, Damalis,
198

Strepsiceros capensis typicus, 200

strepsiceros, Capra, 196

strepsiceros, Cemas, 24

strepsiceros, Cerophorus (Tragela-
phus), 196

Strepsiceros cervicapra, 24

strepsiceros chora, Strepsiceros,
202

INDEX

strepsiceros, Damalis, 197

strepsiceros, Damalis (Strepsi-
ceros), 197

Strepsiceros excelsus, 198

Strepsiceros hoodoo, 197

Strepsiceros imberbis, 192

Strepsiceros imberbis australis,
195

Strepsiceros imberbis imberbis,
194

Strepsiceros kudu, 197

strepsiceros, Ovis, 196

Strepsiceros strepsiceros, 196, 197

strepsiceros, Strepsiceros, 196, 197

Stvepsiceros strepsiceros bea, 201

Strepsiceros strepsiceros chora,
202

(Strepsiceros) strepsiceros, Da-
malis, 197

Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsi-
ceros, 200

strepsiceros, Strepsiceros strepsi-
ceros, 200

Strepsiceros
siensis, 198

Strepsiceros suara, 10

Strepsiceros tendal, 192

strepsiceros, Tragelaphus, 198

strepsiceros zambesiensis, Strep-
siceros, 198

striaticornis, Tetraceros, 221

(Styloceros) latipes, Cervus, 221

suara, Aipyceros, 10

suara, Aupyceros melampus, 10

suara, Strepsiceros, 10

sub-4-cornutus, Antilope, 222

subgutturosa, Antilope, 42

subgutturosa, Antilope (Gazella),
43

subgutturosa, Cerophorus
zella), 43

subgutturosa, Gazella, 42, 48

subgutturosa, Gazella subguttu-
rosa, 44

subgutturosa sairensis, Gazella,
45

subgutturosa typica, Gazella, 44

subgutturosa yarkandensis, Ga-
zella, 46

subquadricornis, Tetraceros, 222

subquadricornutus, Tetraceros,
222

sundevalli, Gazella dorcas, 72

suturosa, Antilope, 147

sylvatica, Antilope, 177

sylvatica, Antilope (Gazella), 177

strepsiceros zambe-

(Ga-

INDEX

pea Antilope (Tragelaphus),

sylvatica, Calliope, 178
sylvatica, Cemas, 177

sylvaticus meruensis, Tragela-
phus, 175
sylvaticus roualeyni, Tragela-
phus, 176

sylvaticus, Tragelaphus, 176, 177
sylvaticus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
177, 178

Tana Giraffe, 250

tao, Antilope, 126

tatarica, Antilope, 15

tatarica, Capra, 13, 14

tatarica, Saiga, 13

tataricus, Colus, 15

Taurotragus, 207

oo (Boselaphus) gigas,

18

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) oreas,
217

Taurotragus derbianus, 216, 219

(Taurotragus) derbianus, Anti-
lope, 216
Taurotragus derbianus congo-
lanus, 219

Taurotragus derbianus derbianus,
217

Taurotragus derbianus gigas, 217,
218

Taurotragus derbianus typicus,
217

Taurotragus gigas, 218

(Taurotragus) livingstonii, Anti-
lope, 212

(Taurotragus) oreas, Antilope, 210

Taurotragus oreas livingstonei,
212

Taurotragus oryx, 208, 210

Taurotragus oryx gigas, 218

Taurotragus oryx kaufmanni, 214

Taurotragus oryx livingstonei,
212

Taurotragus oryx livingstonianus,

Taurotragus oryx niediecki, 213

Taurotragus oryx oryx, 211

Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus,
214

Taurotragus oryx selousi, 213

Taurotragus oryx typicus, 211

tendal, Antilope, 202

tendal, Strepsiceros, 192

Tetraceros, 220

281

Tetraceros iodes, 222

Tetraceros paccerois, 222

(Tetraceros) quadricornis, Anti-
lope, 221

Tetraceros quadricornis typicus,
222

Tetraceros striaticornis, 221

Tetraceros subquadricornis, 222

Tetraceros subquadricornutus, 222

Tetracerus, 220

Tetracerus chickara, 221

Tetracerus quadricornis, 220, 221

tetracornis, Antilope, 221

thomsoni arushe, Kudoreas, 84

thomsoni behni, Eudoreas, 84

thomsoni bergerin, Eudorcas, 84

thomsoni dieseneri, Eudorcas, 84

thomsoni dongilanensis, Eudor-
cas, 84

thomsoni, Eudoreas, 83

thomsoni, Gacella, 83

thomsoni, Gazella, 83

thomsoni macrocephala, Eudor-
cas, 84

thomsoni marwitzi, Eudoreas, 84

thomsoni nasalis, Gazella, 83

thornicrofti, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 252

tigrinum, Helladotherium, 259

tilonura, Antilope, 81

tilonura, Gazella, 81

tippelskirchi, Giraffa, 251

tippelskirchi, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 250, 251

tjederi, Tragelaphus, 171

tjederi, Tragelaphus scriptus, 171

torticornis, Antilope, 198

Tragelaphus, 151, 152, 161

Tragelaphus albo-virgatus, 203

Tragelaphus albovittatus, 203

Tragelaphus angasi, 179

Tragelaphus bor, 164

Tragelaphus buxtoni, 162

Tragelaphus cottoni, 167

Tragelaphus cottoni dodinge, 167

Tragelaphus cottoni meridionalis,
167

Tragelaphus dama, 170

Tragelaphus decula, 159

(Tragelaphus) decula, Antilope,
159

Tragelaphus decula fulvo-ochra-
ceus, 159

Tragelaphus delamerei, 171

Tragelaphus diane, 168

Tragelaphus dian sass, 168

282

Tragelaphus dianz simplex, 168

Tragelaphus eldome, 172

Tragelaphus eurycerus, 203

Tragelaphus fasciatus, 163

Tragelaphus gratus, 157, 188

Tragelaphus gratus albonotatus,
189

Tragelaphus haywoodi, 170

Tragelaphus haywoodi brunneus,
170

Tragelaphus hippelaphus, 226

Tragelaphus knutsoni, 158

Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spe-
kei, 185, 186

Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spe-
kei ugalle, 186

Tragelaphus locorine, 168

Tragelaphus locorine laticeps,
168

Tragelaphus massaicus, 173

Tragelaphus meneliki, 160

Tragelaphus multicolor, 162

Tragelaphus nigrinotatus, 163

Tragelaphus obscurus, 157

Tragelaphus ornatus, 175

Tragelaphus phalerata, 157

(Tragelaphus) phalerata, Antilope,
157

tragelaphus, Portax, 226

Tragelaphus powelli, 161

Tragelaphus roualeynei, 176

Tragelaphus roualeyni fasciatus,
163

Tragelaphus roualeyni typicus,
176

Tragelaphus scriptus, 152, 153

Tragelaphus scriptus bor, 164

Tragelaphus scriptus cottoni, 167

Tragelaphus scriptus dama, 170

Tragelaphus scriptus decula, 159

Tragelaphus scriptus delamerei,
171

Tragelaphus scriptus diane, 168

Tragelaphus scriptus eldome, 172

Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus,
163

Tragelaphus scriptus haywoodi,
170

Tragelaphus scriptus kunutsoni,
158

Tragelaphus scriptus locorine,
168

Tragelaphus scriptus makale, 157
Tragelaphus scriptus massaicus,
173

Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki, 160

INDEX

Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis,
175

Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor,
162

Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinota-
tus, 163

Tragelaphus
157

Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus,
173

Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus, 175

Tragelaphus scriptus pictus, 164

Tragelaphus scriptus powelli, 161

Tragelaphus scriptus punctatus,
165

Tragelaphus scriptus roualeyni,
176

Tragelaphus scriptus scriptus, 155

Tragelaphus scriptus signatus, 165

Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus,
177, 178

Tragelaphus scriptus tjederi, 171

Tragelaphus scriptus typicus, 155

Tragelaphus scriptus uellensis,
166

Tragelaphus selousi, 189

Tragelaphus speekei, 186

Tragelaphus spekei, 185, 189

Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus,
189

scriptus obscurus,

Tragelaphus spekei gratus, 188

Tragelaphus spekei selousi, 189

Tragelaphus spekei spekei, 186

Tragelaphus spekei typicus, 186

Tragelaphus strepsiceros, 198

(Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Anti-
lope, 197

(Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Cero-
phorus, 196

(Tragelaphus) sylvatica, Antilope,
178

Tragelaphus sylvaticus, 176, 177

Tragelaphus sylvaticus meruensis,
175

Tragelaphus sylvaticus roualeyni,
176

Tragelaphus tjederi, 171

tragocamelus, Antilope, 225

tragocamelus, Antilope (Bubalis),
226

tragocamelus, Boselaphus, 225,
226

tragocamelus, Cemas, 226

tragocamelus, Portax, 226

Tragops, 40

Tragops bennettii, 51

INDEX

Tragopsis, 40

Tragopsis bennettii, 51
Tragopsis hazenna, 51
triangularis, Antilope, 210
triangularis, Doratoceros, 210
triangularis, Oreas, 210
truteri, Antilope, 134

tzeiran, Antilope, 35

Tzeiran, La Gazelle, 132

uellensis, Tragelaphus scriptus,
166

ugalle, Tragelaphus
tragus) spekei, 186

(Limno-

vera, Gazella, 57

walleri, Gazella, 114
walleri, Lithocranius, 114

283

walleri, Lit[h]ocranius (Gazella),
114

walleri, Lithocranius walleri, 115
walleri sclateri, Lithocranius, 116
wardi, Giraffa camelopardalis, 255
wembaerensis, Eudoreas, 84
White Oryx, 127

yarcandensis, Gazella, 46

Yarkand Gazelle, 46

yarkandensis, Gazella, 46

yarkandensis, Gazella subguttu-
rosa, 46

yarkandensis kennioni, Gazella,
49

zambesiensis, Strepsiceros strepsi-
ceros, 198

Zeren, 35

Zwart Wit Pens, 142

LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,

DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W.

TASER LAE ESET Wate tenn LSecbtaeSs ba bt RACE CL SOW Wad RR eb 223 rng 36m wat Be Bite Soe hadi 2 hatte tbe 2 SES heed a a bea bg eh SEARLS JS

_ ‘ i
wiht 1 ur t
tt sk at
we TR a ‘
: Sut
Sie tay ie .
uy ut Taban is wy Pars eer! tt
Ta ea ron
ney ew aa Wr
ete ruir ten erteny eter SES ePe LT
ayy ea
ey

eh Ein
i aay Toa aa
1
nuh ee eee yet ts
Sst Se =
wha gs sph
i Ls car Vetus ‘Spas
Se br Martie
ue meaty vie vat
ro vib as is
Les :
SINISE she
ye an !
Te at
- meee -
doh eal jig ay Hy
aan rageae ae pe a iret ae ay oat
a ee ,
Cie a f Pe et ale
‘ ror dla 5 Ee te a
TS ENA Tey Pate gT EGE gFegt a” :
Senta a at a Se ate a aH
Wt pit eee yey = oe, ia we iat aistaiie
; ae ua Aart = itn Ts ging ti
Peron Let ee - 1
yu eet Fister
sTintpte rutin rt
eueea anal
und vata! aca : rf tttat
Bye ee ea Rana i
Aa AGE AA san nina itt
a ease rhe mu Mae yr hy ey wey
ath ot eat ec ta et oh ee via
EE Ge ee oat ue ‘
Ra ve a ni at ; Don PoR Run
Detartore went yl alata, é
Ee ce eta tt st a eae ey
Aan rit we Coe wt meat
a at oh z
Han aun
tho Oyen eat g nytt ;
SA Ee SUSE
Phan aG eal, Ate fins Ve ae
See tee Sa
wid ey ee Ree eaves Bre my
Ls at a fears sHaly gear
if SE mange RSET
i Teen ES
pik TUT US Mea bo tel tated bel rs Ts cL eC we eeyT al Natu ev eruny ey erst ey Wey oy oe a
i SUE BORLSER SRST NETBEANS AL ASA. TEES STAT AE Eas a Beiter eter rt tier tri Ut bn Ten Lett Tey k
7 ees ae ae : a: Se : See

3 = -- — iy 1 wes “pty WSpkeyh peepee ye Sanya ‘
TAMURA LEN SCTE UTR

i Raa sas
phoebe toms bin Ley Ly bt bos bs

yg agate tees
Atay ie tra Lv bse)